*«' ,0^ V • • • ' *^ <^ •<^. -^^0^ V 4 o ^«^ ^o A> ... < y . " . . % 4 o >^ ....,^<;.. J^ -V^:^..', ^..^.j"^ ,--'^:-.% ^^ ^^ y^.7^. o V" "<. o > P-r, ^■\ ''>^/ ^f^ "^o '.y,.^' ^/'"\ ''^^.^ ^^'- -^o -'^Ui^ ,0 "^"^ -^f.-^rp:'^:. ^ O m O <» ' . . • * A 1. ' • . "»> . o V '--••' .1^1 - -'•0 ■i^ •^^0^ ^-^°^ •7 ,0' •^.. .<■ °o ^^^ : .^ v->. ,0' V •;,%•- V'. o V V . • • »- o. \ .'\ ^"-^ - ■ /\ .0'^ c • " ° . \: o > ■ ^"""^^^ ■ v^^ "-0 ,0^ t " " • . *o .0'" .*«:/^vV ^'•v/^ -*^«W1^'<. »V-^ ,^ .V"* "^^ BLACK RIVER TALLS WATtfiTO'.VK, UEt/ yOPK. i a ?? U| ci 5 m i i i I I |5 '797 A^^TO/^ -OF- JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. t.g=sWITH ===i.' |[llnsiraiia!is ami "||togra^lucaI BKefclic^ «-€==OF=^_> SOME OF ITS PROMINENT MEN AND PIONEERS. I^TTBLISKED B-ST Ij. H. EVERTS & CO., 71-i— 16 Filbert Street, Pbilaclelphia. L. H. EVERTS. ; * ' J. M. HOLCOMB. 1878. 1^ u '■' _-_^ ^,..-^ -^^ — :-^^. — :- -^ ^ _^ ^ _ ^ ^ ^ _ . _^ ^ ^p -sSl^ M- n ^1 I '^A CONTENTS. HISTORV OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. CHAPTER PAGE r. — Physical Features 9-21 II. — Pro-IIistorio 21-25 III.— Chaniplain iinil Fronlcnac 25-42 IV.— History nf Land-Titles 42-55 v. — Castorlnnd 55-64 VI. — Civil Organization 64-85 VII.— Statistical 85-94 VIII.— Public Officers 94-100 IX. — The Learned Professions 100-111 X. — -Internal Improvements ...... 111-129 ILLUSTRATIONS Black Uiver F.alls (Frontispiece) Plan of Old Fort Carlton Outline Map of Jefferson County . View of Court-IIousc . First Steamboat on the Lakes, 1S16 facing title-page. 40 . facing 9 80 125 facing 130 1.30 ' 161 ' 100 168 168, 109 H CI 169 " 176 177 148 bet. 148, 149 facing 149 " 152 153 " 142 143 " 179 between 134, 135 Hubbard CITY OF WATERTOWN. History of the Village and City View of the Public Square .... Residence of Wm. Howard, with Portraits " J. (J. Harbottle, " " Elam and Chas. E. Brown, with Portraits Portraits of Rev. d. Baker and wife, with Biography bet, Residence of G. H. Tallett, with Portraits . . " ' " and Brick-Yard of E. D.Whitney, with Port's, facin; " of Pliny Monroe, with Portraits Portrait of L. I). Hill, with Biography Residence of J. T. Gotham, with Portraits Taggarts & Davis" Papor-.Mill (double page view) St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church Residence and Portrait of Edward S. Massey Residence, Business Block, and Portrait of V. S, " of G. C. Bradley, with Portraits " Hon. .lolin A. Sherman Portrait of Hon. J. A. Sherman (steel) Portraits of Hon. Willard Ives and wives Residence of Hon. W. Ives, with Biography " G. Bradford " A. Palmer Smith . T. A. Smith .... Portrait of A. W. Peck, with Biography . " Hon. Joseph Mullin (steel) " Hon. 0. Ilungerford (steel) View of the Fairbanks Mansion Biography of Gordon P. Spencer, M.D. John A. Sherman ** Joseph Mullin ** Jenery T. Gotham " John G. Harbottle *' Perley G. Keyes, with Portrait ** Isaac Munson, ** " Thomas Baker, " " Hiram Dewey, " " Ward Hubbard, " " S. W. Ballard, " G. Bradford, " L. Ingalls, " S. Boon, " " J. W. Moak. " facing 138 139 139 212 180 204 198i 198i 179 180 181 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 Biography of Asahel Read, with Portraits " Lysandor H. Brown, with Portrait " I. B. Crawe, " the Fairbanks Family " Judge W. C. Thomp-'-on, with Portrait " .lohn Winslow, " " Bradley Winslow, " " Hon. 0. Hungerf<»rd " Dr. Amasa Trowbridge, with Portrait " Dr. W. K. Trowbridge, " " E. B. Fowler, " " N. W. Streetor, " Jno. C. Strceter, " *' Henry Hopkins, " " Solomon 0. Gale, with Portraits . " Milton Carpenter, " " Evelyn F. Carter, with Portrait . " Winslow I'attridgc, " " Hart Massey, " " Solon Massey, ** '* Edward S. Massey " Edwin A. Holbrook, with Portrait Henry W. Shead, " N. M. WooiIrufT, View of the Woodruff House .... *' Henry Keep's Home Building and Arcade Biography of Charles T. Woodruff . Residence of Mrs. 0. R. Davis " Hon. Hiram Dewey " the late Gen. Abner Baker . Biography of *' " " " with Portrai " William Howard .... " Egbert D. Whitney " Pliny iMonroo .... ** Aaron Brown, with Portrait " Levi H. Brown. " " Volney S. Hubbard (Supplement) TOWN OF WATERTOWN. History of the Town of Watertown . Biography of Ebenezcr Tolman, with Portrait . " Alexander Parker, with Portraits " Jeremiah Parker, '* '* Francis Smiley, with Portrait " Austin Everett, *' " William Tolman, " " Joseph Sawyer, with Portraits Residence of L. T. Sawyer, and Portraits John B. Ball, " Biography of " " " . . facing facing facing PAoa 192 193 195 196 199 200 201 204 205 205 206 207 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 218 219 220 220 220 221 221 222 223 223 224 224 592 226 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 240 241 241 TOWN OF ADA.tlS. fac 242 261 261 263 History of the Town of .\dams Portrait of Gen. S. D. Ilungerford (steel) . Biography of " " " ... " A. S. Greene (U. S. N.) " Samuel Fox 264 " Daniel Fox (2d) 264 " John C. Cooper 264 " Lumnn Arms 264 " Thomas R. Greene ...... 2150 CONTENTS. PAOI PAes Residence nnd Shops of W. 11. TVhooIcr . facing 245 Biography of Thomas S. Knap 303 " of J. M. Cleveland (double piigc view) between 244, 245 " John A. Cathcart 304 " A. D. Stanley, with Portraits facing 253 " Hon. Henry Spiccr, with Portrait 309 " and Sash Factory of 0. D. Greene . a 252 " Hon. Alanson Skinner, with Portraits . 310 Farm View and Residence of J. L. Greene, Esq. (double page) " James Douglass, " " 311 between 252, 253 " Hazael S. While, " " 312 Residence of Giles Parker, with Portraits facing 244 " Alvin A. Gibbs, with Portrait 313 " Mrs. Nancy S. Thomas « 255 Farm View and Residence of E. T. White facing 312 « Mrs. Thomas R. Greene, with Portrait " 254 Residence of Amos Otis, Jr. .... " 313 Portraits of W. T. Searles and wife " 24a " Walter Zimmerman " 313 Portrait of Luman Arms ...... " 249 " John C. Knapp .... tt 298 " Thomas 11. Brcen " 249 Mrs. A. A. Clarke . . . • . " 295 " A. S. Greene (U. S. N.) .... It 249 Mrs. J. A. Scofield ti 294 "Valley Park Farm," Residence of Gen. S. D. Hun gerforc (double page) between 248, 249 TOWN OF CAPE VINCENT * Residence of 11. H. Crosby facing 246 History of the Town of Cape Vincent , 314 " 11. C. Averill " 246 Biogrtiphy of Joel and Levi Torrey . . 328 " and Shop of R. C. Langworthy ** 251 " Elisha P. Dodge, with Portraits . . 330 " and Store of E. C. Crosby « 251 " David C. Shuler .... 331 " of Chauncey Colton ..... '•' 258 Residence of A. J. Humphrey .... facing 323 and Mill of T. P. Saunders " 256 F. M. Rogers .... tt 323 " of T. V. Maxon (ilouble page) . . between 250,251 " Riverside Hotel," F. 11. Dodge, prop.. Milieu's Bay " 322 " Miss L. J. Bullock .... facing 259 Residence of David C. Shuler, with Portraits . tt 314 " A.J. Greene ..... *' 259 " Edwin Gray, '• " (double page) Hungerford Collegiate Institute .... " 257 between 314, 315 Residence of Mrs. J. C. Cooper, with portrait . tt 250 " Shepard Warren, " " facing 315 Portraits of Daniel and Hannah Fox it 2C4 Portrait of Samuel Fox " 264 TOWN OF CHAMPION. " Daniel Fox, Jr. . . . " 264 History of the Town of Chamjiion . 331 TOWN OF ALEXANDRIA. Biography of Col. Elias Sage . " Elam Brown 339 .",40 History of the Town of Alexandria .... 266 " A. W. Twining 340 Biography of Chauncey Wcstcott .... 273 " Noadiah Hulbard, with Portraits 341 Thos. B. Marshall .... 274 ** Hiram Hubbard, with Portrait 342 " Azariah Walton, with Portrait . 274 " Alphonso Loomis . " Norman J. Fuller . 343 Portraits of Ashley and Susan Tanner 275 343 Biography of Ashley Tanner (.Supplement) 593 Residence of N. J. Fuller, with Portraits . facing 343 Residence, Portrait, and Biography of 11. S. White facing, 272 Biography of Russell W^ilmot, *' " Residence of George Bush, with Portraits tt 342 Portraits of Chauncey Westcott and wife . " 273 tt 336 Residence of .loseph W. Reade, Esq. It 273 Biography of Hon. Merrill Coburn, with Portrait tt 337 " T. B. Marshall, with Portraits . " 274 Wm. M. Coburn, *' 33/ TOWN OF ANTWERP. Residence of Mrs. Lucina Loomis, with Portraits " Col. E. Sage, with Portraits (double pag ti e) betweer 332 History of the Town of Antwerp .... 275 332, 333 Residence of E. A. Carpenter, and Portraits facing ■ 276 " A. W. Twining, " facing 333 Farm and Residence of Hiram B. Keeno (double page between 27 6, 277 TOWN OF CLAYTON. Residence of Elijah llcmghton, with Portrait . facing 277 " 0. G. Uall, and Homestead of Asber Lew is, witl History of the Town of Clayton . 343 Portraits facing 280 Biography of John .lobnston 353 Farm and Residence of Hiram T. Nutting, with Portrai ts, " 281 Portrait of .< .> ... facing 347 Homestead of Loren Stone, with Portraits it 275 Residence of Capt. S. G. Johnston . " 347 Portraits <»f Hirum and Betsey Kcene •> 290 Christ Church, Clayton .... «< 347 Residence of N. J. Cooper, with Portraits . between 2t 0,291 Halpin's Block. " .... li 346 Biography of Abraham Cooper, with Portraits . It 25 0,291 Residence of Thomas Ries ti 346 Residence of Clark Weston, and Portraits of Lawrence Westor " A. F. Barker ti .346 and wife ........ Biography of Hiram B. Keeno facing ' 291 290 TOWN OF ELLI8BURG. Caleb G. Hall 291 History of the Town of EUisburg facing 354 " E. A. Carpenter 291 Biography of Wm. G. Hitchcock, with Portraits *( 374 " L. A. Bacon, with Portraits . 292 A. A. Wheeler .... n 375 " Asher an• i> .1 38j' Portraits of Herbert D. Babbitt and Wife 387 Biography of Truman 0. Wbilney 388 " Geo. W. Collins 388 " A. D. Stanley 389 " Leonard Seaton 389 " Abel Bickford 389 " Reuben W. Leflingwell 390 " George Bunnel . . . ._ . . .390 " Joel Dodge 390 '■ Simeon Mather 391 Capt. H. R. Warner 391 " Harvev Smith 391 Portraits of the Wallace Family Residence of Abel Bickford, with Portraits G. W. Collins, " . " Simeon Mather, " " Mrs. T. 0. Whitney, " ** Leonard Seaton, " R. Leffingwell, " " Harvey Smith, " between 386, 387 facing 387 " 380 (double page) between 380, 381 facing 381 " 38i (double page) between 384, 385 facing 385 Biographies of D. M. Hall and Austin Robbins, with Portraits facing 390 Residence of H. R. Warner and Son, with Portraits (double page) ...... between 390, 391 " Joel Dodge, with Portraits . . . facing 391 " L. B. Simmons "386 " the late Russell Wallace, with Portraits bet. 386, 387 " G. G. Whitney, " " . facing 388 " George Bunnel, " " . " 389 " W. P. Davis (double page) . between 382, 383 " Mrs. E. J. Hall, with Portraits . . facing 382 " W. S. Griggs, " " . . " .383 TOWN OF HOUNSFIELD. History of the Town of Hounsfield 392 Views of Ship-House, and Line-of-battic Ship "New Orleans," facing 410 Farm View of Geo. Frasier (double page) Residence of Sylvester Benjamin " F. R. Smith .... Portrait of Andrew Smith, with Biograpli\ " Merrick M. Bates, Ira Hall, " Biography of Cornelius W. Inglehart Property of Anson Potter, with Portraits and Biography between 392, 393 Earl House. R. M. Earl. Proprietor .... facing 401 Residence of Cornelius W. Inglehart, with Portrait . " 400 " D. C. Read "396 between 410, 411 fac ng 416 417 . 417 . 418 . 419 . 419 TOWN OF LE RAY. History of the Town of Le Ray ..... Biography of J. D. Le Ray de Chaumont, with Portrait . 420 432 Biography of A. F. Marshall .... " Thomas Dunten .... " Christopher Poor .... " D. H. Scott " Randall Barnes .... " W. S. Wilcoi .... " Phineas Hardy .... Homestead of Randall Barnes, with Portraits . Residence of A. F. Marshall, Black River Packing-Bo.v Factory of D. H. Scott i Son, Black River " Lockport .Mills," Warren A Ingraham, " " Residence of H. lugraham, " " Residences of Matthew and P. V. Poor, with Portraits Residence of Thomas Dunten, '* " ** Phineas Hardy, ** '* facing 436 434 435 436 4.36 437 437 426 427 427 421 421 420 422 423 TOWN OF LORRAINE. History of the Town of Lorraine Residence of Henry Bailey .... Daniel Wise .... " 0. S. Wilcox .... Portrait and Biography of Dr. H. W. Jewett . TOWN OF LY.ME. . 438 facing 444 " 444 445 " 445 History of the Town of Lyme 445 Residence of Hiram Copley, Chaumont . . . facing 449 Property of Jerry P. Shulcr, with Portraits . . " 448 TOWN OF ORLEANS. History of the Town of Orleans 454 Biography of Adam J. Snell 460 " Hon. R. B. Biddlecom, with Portraits . . 461 " William Whaley 462 " Simon Folts 462 " Nathan UoUoway 462 Residence of Adam J. Snell, with Portraits (double page) between 460, 461 Portraits of Edmund Sargent and wife . . . facing 461 Residence of M. W. Nellis, with Portraits (double page) between 454, 455 Farm Residence of Gideon Budlong, with Portraits . facing 457 Property of William Whaley, with Portraits (double page) between 456, 457 Residence and Dairy-Furra of Simon Folts . . facing 459 •' " " " Sanford Pctrie, with Portraits (double page) between 458, 459 " of Nathan Holloway, with Portraits . facing 458 " and Dairy-Farm of A. A. Hughes, with Portraits facing 462 " '■ " " George Eckerl, with Portraits (double page) ...... between 4G2, 463 " of Edmund Sargent ..... facing 463 TOWN OF PA.MELIA History of the Town of Pamelia Biography of Ebeuezcr Williams " Henry and Elizabeth Countryman, wit " Oren Barnes, with Portrait " Paul Anthony, with Portraits Residence of Thos. H. Anthony, with I'ortrait . " E. Williams, with Portraits . Biography of Col. 0. S. Woodruff, with Portrait " John L. Parrish .... " Truman B. Townsend . Residence of J. L. Parrish, with Portraits " and Cheese-Factory of A. P. Balti . " of M. Goulding .... " Truman B. Townsend, with Portraits TOWN OF PHILADELPHIA. History of the Town of Philadelphia Biography of Oliver Child ..... " Lyman Wilson, with Portraits h Po acing acing 463 467 468 469 470 470 471 471 471 472 466 467 464 465 472 483 484 CONTENTS. PAGE Biographj of John Strickland, with Portraits .... 485 " Erastus Wiiilney 486 " Edmund Tuclser 486 Residence of George E. Tuclicr, Esq. . . . facing 486 " Oliver Child "472 " W. M. Whitney "473 faeinc; TOWN OP RODMAN History of the Town of Rodman Residence of Charles E. Glazier " H. Herring .... Biography of Henry Gordinier . " Hirry Harrington " George Gates Residence of Henry Gordinier, with Portraits " A. P. Gardner " Luman Lovoland . " S. H. and George A. Gates, with Portrait (double page) . " Harry Harrington, with Portraits N. A. Wright " Daniel Todd . A. C. Hughs . D. M. Todd . Charles S. Sage John S. Sill (two v iews) facing between 48S, facing " Seymour S. Plank, with Portraits TOWN OF RUTLAND. History of the Town of Rutland Biography of Harlan P. Dunlap '* the Eames Family, with Portraits " Hon. And. C. Middleton Portrait of Samuel Jliddlcton .... Biography of Christopher and William Middleton " L. D. Olney . . . \ " Chauncey D. Huntington " the Parkinson Family . " Peter Pohl " Charles C. Hardy " Arnold Webb .... " H. P. Dunlap .... Cabinctwarc Rooms of AV. S. AVilcox Beut Chair Stock Factory, Poor &, Dexter facing 487 486 487 493 493 494 493 492 488 489 489 491 491 490 490 490 495 494 495 505 ,i06 507 507 508 508 509 509 510 510 510 501 501 500 Chair-Factory of D. Dexter & Son .... Residence of P. C. and J. B. Parkinson, with Portraits " Peter Pohl, with Portraits " Arnold Webb, " " " Henry C. Eames . " C. Middleton " W. D. Middleton, with Portraits " L. D. Olney, " " " Chas. C. Hardy . " A. Rose .... fac FAOI ng 500 ' 499 ' 498 ' 505 ' 604 503 ' 502 ' 496 497 510 TOWN OF THERESA. History of the Town of Theresa Residence of M. B. Bodman Biography of Jonathan Stratton Portrait and Biography of Benjamin Still American House, A. Church, Prop. . Residence of David Bearup *' Jno. Stratton, with Portraits " and Cheese-Factory of J. P. Douglass Portrait and Biography of N. D. Yost TOWN OF WILNA. History of the Town of Wilna .... Biography of Samuel Branaugh Residence and Dairy-Farm of F. 0. Symonds . " of Simeon Fulton .... . 511 facing 511 . 521 facing 514 515 " 513 " 512 " 519 " 518 . 522 . 531 facing 522 522 TOWN OF WORTH. History of the Town of Worth 532 Biography of Levi Wilcox 535 " Leonard Bullock 536 Residence of Leonard Bullock, with Portraits . . facing 533 " Levi Wilcox, « •< . . « 532 MILITARY AND NAVAL 536 Biography of Maj.-Gen. Brown, with Steel Portrait . . 548 " Brig.-Gen. Z. M. Pike 553 " Col. Edmund Kirby 553 " Col. John L. Goldsmidt 553 Rosters of the Soldikrs of the War op 1812, Mexica.n War, War of the Rebellion 500 PATRONS' RECORD AND DIRECTORY . . . .577 INTKODUCTORY. This volume has been compiled from many sources. A valuable history of Jefierson County was published by Dr. Hough in 1854. Its compilation required a vast amount of physical and mental labor, and was a very complete work. During the twenty-three years which have elapsed since its publication much interesting material has accumulated, and the demand for a new and more elaborate work was believed by the present publishers to warrant the compilation of the one herewith given to the public. Arrangements were made with Dr. Hough, whereby the use of his history was secured, and much valuable assistance rendered by him and .his son, Mr. F. H. Hough. Taking Dr. Hough's work as a foundation, it has been the aim of those in charge to collect all the additional material which the most diligent application could reach, and from the great mass thus accumulated construct a thorough and reliable work. Beginning with the earliest discoveries and settlements of the French in the region of the St. Lawrence and the Great Lakes, everything of importance has been introduced, and the expeditions of Cliamplain, De Nouvillc, La Bane, Frontenac, Bradstreet, and Montcalm treated as much in detail as their connection with the region now within the bounds of the county seemed to demand. The military and naval history of the War of 1812 — so far as it attaches to Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence — is closely connected with Jeffereon County, inasmuch as all important operations were conducted from Sackct's Har- bor, then the most important point on the northern frontier. The illustrious commander of the United States army in aiicr-years* was one of the earlier pioneers, and then a resident of the county. The chapter devoted to this war is from Dr. Hough's work, carefully corrected and revised by liim, and is as complete as the limits of the present work would admit. The history of land titles is also from the same source, and gives a thorough understanding of the complicated legis- lation and the multitudinous surveys and speculations of the various corporations and individuals who operated in the wild lands of northern New York. The history of the city of Watertown and the various towns r»nd villages has been carefully compiled and brought down to the present time. The civil organization, the courts, learned professions, churches, schools, agricultural and manufacturing interests, mternai improvements, politi- cal matters, and every subject of interest will be found, each in its proper connection, thoroughly written up. An important and interesting chapter upon the War of the llcbcllion is furni.shed from material obtained through the courtesy of the Adjutant-General at Albany, including a history of the various organizations which entered the service from Jefferson County, and closing with a carefully- prepared roster of the soldiers of the county. Absolut* perfection we cannot claim, but every care has been taken that the work shall be as complete and accurate as possible; and we trust that it will be received in that spirit which is characteristic of an in(«lligent community. If minor errors and inadvertencies shall he found, we simply ask the public to remember that 'perfection is an attribute of the Infinite alone. Among the various works and test-books consulted have been the following: Documentary History of New York, Parkman's Works, Dr. Hough's History of Jefferson County, various Encyclopaedias, Legislative Manuals, Hon. C. R. Skinner's Pamphlet upon Watertown, The Records of Jefferson County, Public School Library, Annals of the West, " Olden Time," etc. In conclusion, we would tender our obligations to the following citizens, who have kindly aided us in the compila- tion of the work : To Dr. F. B. Hough and his son, Mr. F. H. Hough, we are under obligations for special favors. Hon. Charles R. Skiimer, Hon. Robert Lansing, Bernard Bagley, Esq.: Edmund B. Wynn, Esq.; J. Mortimer Crawe, M.D. ; Samuel B. IJpham, Cashier Jefferson Union National Bank ; T. H. Camp, President Jefferson County National Bank ; George H. Cole, Esq., County Clerk ; W. D. V. Rulison, Clerk Board of Supervisors ; Dr. J. D. Huntington, D.D.S. ; Rev. E. 0. Haven, D.D., LL.D., Chancellor of Syracuse University, Syracuse ; Pearson JIundy, Esq. ; Postmaster Williams ; the Press, the Clergy generally. Railway officials, and officers of the various Societies and Orders of the County and the City of Watertown ; the Insurance Com- panies and Manufacturers; Foster M. Ferrin, Esq.; Mrs. Jason Fairbanks and her sons ; Master Cyrus H. Cole, Librarian Public School Library ; Superintendent of City Schools ; Gilbert Bradford, the eminent engineer, and many others. Samuel W. Dceant, Henry B. Peirce. * General Jacob Bronn. Watertow.v, Nov. \ 1877. \^p '•-i^Go' HISTOEY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW Y^ORK. BY S. W. DUIIANT AND H. B. PEIRCE. CHAPTER I. PHYSICAL FEATURES. Geographical, Geological, Topographical, and Climatologioal. Jefferson County is situated in the northern part of the State, and is bounded on the northeaat by St. Law- rence county, on the northwest by the St. Lawrence river, on the west by Lake Ontario, on the south by Oswogo county, and on the e;ist by Lewis county. The superficial area of the county, according to the latest statistics, is 733,585 acres ; equivalent to eleven hundred and forty -six square miles. The latitude of the court-house in Watertown is about 44° north, and the longitude 76° west from Greenwich, or one degree west from AVashington, D. C. The main wat«r features of the county are the beautiful Ontario lake and the St. Lawrence river. The main in- dentations of the lake are tlie great Black River bay, for- merly called Hungry bay (and sonietiuies supposed to be the Bay de la Famine of the French), Chaumout bay, Henderson bay, and GuflBn's bay. Black River bay, upon which is located the town and port of Racket's Harbor, is by all odds the finest on the lake, and is surpassed by none on the upper lakes for ca- pacity, depth of water, and safety. It is a magnificent arm of this inland sea, completely land-locked, and surrounded by a bold escarpment of Trenton limestone, varying from the water's edge to thirty feet in height. Heiidei-son, .Chauniont, Giiffin's, and a small inlet called Three-Mile bay, are arms or prolongations of the main bay. This magnificent harbor, including its various ramifica- tions, covers an area of about .•si.xty square miles, with abun- dance of water to float the heaviest ships. The principal islands attached to JefFersun County are Wells, Grind- stone, and Carlton islands in the St. Lawrence, and Grena- dier, Galloo, and Stony islands in Lake Ontario. Besides these there are many smaller ones, including several in the mouth of Black river, a number in Black river and Chau- mont bays. Fox island, and a portion of the archipelago known as the "Thousand Islands" in the St. Lawrence.* Among the most prominent headlands and capes are Stony jioint (I'oiiitc (le la Traverse of the French), Sixtown point. Pillar point, Point peninsula, and Tibbett's point. There are about twenty small lakes in the county, of which ten are in Theresa and Alexandria, four in Ellis- burg, two in Antwerp, two in Henderson, and one each in Orleans and Painelia, Champion, and Rutland. The largest is Biittcrficld lake, lying between Theresa and Alexandria, which is about four miles in length. The other more important ones are Perch lake in Orleans and Pamelia, nearly three miles in length, and Pleasant lake in Champion, about two miles long.f The county is wholly drained by Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence. The most important of the interior streams is Black river, which drains about one-fourth of the county, passing through a little south of the centre. Between Carthage, on the east line of the county, and the lake, this stream falls four hundred and eighty feet, and, as may be imagined, is almost a continuous series of rapids, with sev- eral cascades varying from two to fifteen feet in perpen- dicular descent. The waters of this river are of a peculiarly dark and for- bidding appearance, resembling, in deep places, the lye of wood-ashes, caused probably by the leachings of the cedar and hemlock swamps and peaty bogs which it drains towards its head-waters, and by oxides. This stream furnishes an immense amount of water- power; it being estimated as high as one hundred and thirty-five thou.sand three hundred and sixty horse-power, in the dry season, within the limits of Jefierson County alone. The other princi]ial streams are Indian river, a branch of the Oswegatchie ; Chauniont river, flowing into Chauniont bay ; Perch river, which drains Perch lake and discharges into Black River bay ; the two branches of Sandy creek, in the south part of the county ; Stony creek, in Henderson * See histi»ry of land titles. ■(■ Sec history of tuwn.-'hips. 10 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. and Adams ; and Mill creek, in Hounsfield ; the last four named flowing into Lake Ontario south of Black river. FIRST MAP OF THE COUNTY. The first attempt to delineate JefiFerson County upon a map was probably made in October, 1802, by Simeon De Witt, surveyor-general of the State, who published a State map. At that date the only village in the county was Brownville. All the region north of Black river was called Ca-storland, and the position now known as the "Thousand Islands" was marked "unknown." Chau- mont bay was then called Hungry bay. Watertovvn was subdivided into throe sections, Hesiod, Leghorn, and Milan. On the south were Henderson, Aleppo, Orpheus, and Han- del ; and along the south side of the county were Minos, Atticus, Fenelon, and Shakspeare. THE THODSAND ISLANDS. The following interesting article upon the Thousand Islands is from Dr. Hough's history : " Several of the early travelers describe, in romantic terms, the beauty of this group of islands ; but no lan- guage is adequate to convey a just idea of the charming variety that they present to the traveler. The following ex- tract is from " Weld's Journal" (1799), and gives a truth- ful description, due allowance being made ibr the changes which cultivation and settlement have made : " ' About eight o'clock the next and eighth morning of our voyage, we entered the last lake just before you come to that of Ontario, called the Lake of a Thousand Islands, on account of the multiplicity of them which it contains. Many of these islands are scarcely larger than a bateau, and none of them, except such as are situated at the upper and lower extremities of the lake, appeared to mc to contain more than fifteen English acres each. They are all covered with wood, even to the very .smallest. The trees on these last are stunted in their growth, but tiie larger islands pro- duce as fine timber as is to be found on the wain shores of the lake. Many of these islands are situated so closely to- gether that it would be cxsy to throw a pebble from one to the other, notwithstanding which circumstance, the passage between them is perfectly safe and commodious for bateaux, and between some of them that are even thus close to each other is water sufficient for a frigate. The water is un- commonly clear, as it is in every part of the river, from Lake St. Francis upwards; between that lake and the Utawas river downwards it is discolored, ;is I have before observed, by passing over beds of marl. The shores of all these islands under our notice are rocky ; most of them rise very boldly, and .some exhibit perpendicular ma.sscs of rock towards the water upwards of twenty feet high. The scenery presented to view iiisiiiliiig between these islands is beautiful in the highest degree. Sometimes, after pass- ing through a narrow strait, you find yourself in a basin, land-lixiked on every side, that appears to have no commu- nication with the lake, except by the piussage through which you entered ; you are looking about, perhaps, for an outlet to enable you to proceed, thinking at last to .sec some little channel which will just admit your bateau, when on a sud- den an expanded sheet of water opens upon you, whose boundary is the horizon alone ; again in a few minutes you find j'ourself laiid-loeked, and again a spacious pas.sage as suddenly presents itself; atother times, when in the middle of one of these basins, between a cluster of islands, a dozen different channels, like so many noble rivers, meet the eye, perhaps equally unexpectedly, and on each side the islands appear regularly retiring till they sink from the sight in the distance. Every minute during the passage of this lake the prospect varies. The numerous Indian hunting en- campments on the different islands, with the smoke of their fires rising up between the trees, added considerably to tlie beauty of the scenery as we passed it. The lake of a Thousand Islands is twenty-five miles in length, and about six in breadth. From its upper end to Kingston, at which place we arrived early in the evening, the distance is fifteen miles. " ' The length of time required to ascend the River St. Lawrence, from Montreal to Kingston, is commonly found to be about seven days. If the wind should be strong and very favorable, the passage may be performed in a less time ; but should it, on the contrary, be adverse, and blow very strong, the pa.s.sagc will be protracted somewhat longer ; an adverse or favorable wind, however, seMom makes a difler- ence of more than three days in the length of the passage upwards, as in each case it is necessary to work the bateau along by means of poles for the greater part of the way. The passage downwards is performed in two or three days, according to the wind. The current is so strong that a contrary wind seldom lengthens the passage in that direc- tion more than a day.' " The following lines, by Caleb Lyon, are meritorious as a production of the fancy, and will be read with interest : The Tliousanil Isles I the Thousnml Isles! Diuiiikil, the wave iirouml tliem smiles, Kissed liv a tliousaiul red li])|icil flowers, Geinmetl by a thonsaml emerald bowers; A thousand birds Ihcir praises wako By rooky glade antl plumy brake, A thousand eedars" fragrant shade Falls where the Indians' children pl.ayed ; And I'nney's dream my heart beguiles While singing thee, thou Thousand Isles ! No vestal virgin guards their groves, No Cupid breathes of Cyprian loves, No Satyr's form at eve is seen, No Dryad peeps the trees between, No Venus rises from their shore, No loved Adonis, red with gore. No pale Endyinion wooed to sleep, No brave Ivcander breasts their deep, No Gnnynicde, — no Pleiades, — Theirs are a. New World's memories. The flag of Franco lirst o'er them hung, The mass was said, the vesper sung, Tho/)ere« of Jesus hailed the stramls As blessed Virgin Mary's lands; And red men mutely heanl, surprised, Their heathen names all Christianized. Next floated a banner with cross and crown, 'Twas Freedom's eagle phickcd it down, Retaining its pure and crimson dyes With the stars of their own, their native skies. There St. Lawrence gentlest flows. There the south wind softest blows. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 11 There the lilies whitest bloom, There the birch hath leafiest gloom, There the rc8 the muskclungc at mora. There the loon's night song is burnu, There is the fisherman's paradise, AVith trolling skiff' at red sunrise. The Thonsan.l Isles! the Thousand Isles! Their charm from every care beguiles j Titian alone hath grace to paint The triumph of their jiatron saint, ^Vhose waves return on memory's tide, La 8alle and Toiity side by side. Proud Krontenac and bold Champlain There act their wanderings o'er again; And while the goMen sunlight smiles Pilgrims shall greet thee, Thousand Isles! Thomas Moore, the Irish poet, early in the century traveled on the St. Lawrence, and his Canadian Boat Song is familiar to all admirers of his writings. The mairniBcent scenery of this noble river naturally excited the enthusiastu of a temperament formed for the perception of the beauties which are so strikingly reflected in his poetry. The boat- men were accustomed to beguile tlie tedium of rowing by singing, their voices being perfectly in tune together, and the wliole joining in the chorus. Of the effect of this he says: "Without that charm which association gives to every little memorial of scenes or feelings that are past, the melody may perhaps be thought common and trifling; but I remember when we had entered at sunset upon one of those beautiful lakes into which the St. Lawrence so grandly and unexpectedly opens, I have heard this simple air with a pleasure which the finest compositions of the first masters have never given me ; and now tliere is not a note of it which does not recall to my memory the dip of our oars in the St. Lawrence, the flight of our boat down the rapids, and all those new and fanciful impressions to which my heart was alive during the whole of this interest- ing voyage." CANADIAN BOAT SONC. Et regimen canfiM hortatur, — Quintilian. Faintly as tolls the evening chime Our voices keep tune, and our oars keep time; Soon as the woods on shore look dim, We'll sing at St. Ann's our parting hymn. Row, brothers, row, the stream runs fast, The rapids are near and the daylight's past ! Why should we yet our sail unfurl ? There is not a breath the blue wave to curl! But, when the wind blows off the shore, Oh, sweetly we'll rest on our weary oar! Blow, breezes, blow, the stream runs fast, The rapids are near and the daylight's p:ist! Utawa's tide! this trembling moon Shall see us tloat over thy surges soon : Saint of this green isle I hear our prayers, Oh, grant us cool heavens and favoring airs! Blow, breezes, blow, the stream runs fast, The rapids are near and the daylight's past ! GEOLOGY, MINERALOGY, ETC. The chapter upon the geology^ mineralogy, etc., of the county, in Dr. Hough's History, published in 1854, is so complete, and treats the various subjects with such thor- oughness and marked ability, that we give it nearly en- tire: To an agricultural population, like tliat which forms the basis of society in Jcflcison Couuty, there are none of the physical sciences which have stronger claims to attention than geology and its allied branches, miiieralogy and chem- istry, for it is these that teach the character and capabilities of the soil, and the train of causes which, acting harmo- niou.sly through long periods of time, compared with which the hi.storic enis of man are but as monieuts, have gradu- ally prepared the earth's surface for bis support ; given form and beauty to its hills and plains ; scooped out the valleys through which rivers find their way to the sea, and placed stores of metallic wealth within reach of his labors. Nor have these agencies failed to record their action in the traces they have left, as enduring as time, yet easily inter- preted, and abuniiaiitly rewarding such as will but obsiTve them. There is no pursuit more engaging or better calcu- lated to impart a true k nowledge of the grandeur and harmony of nature's works, and a devout reverence for their Author. Such is the intimate relation between the soil and the rock from which it has been derived, and usually with that by which it is immediately underlaid, that a definite knowl- edge of its capabilities can .saircely be had without an ac- quaintance with the latter. Besides this, we are indebted to mineral products for so many articles of necessity, to say nothing of the conveniences and luxuries in life, that their relations and the indications which lead to their occurrence become subjects of necessary knowledge, and indispensable to our civilization. PRIMARY ROCKS. Geologists divide rocks into two great classes, named, from their relative ages, primari/, and sedimentary or sec- ouihtri/ ; the fir.st never presenting traces of organic re- mains, but from their crystalline character and mode of occurrence often exhibit evidences of having been sub- jected to the agency of heat, while the latter appear made up of materials derived from the former, broken up and deposited in water, and u.sually contain fossil remains of animals and plants that lived at the period of their forma- tion. As we ascend in the series, wc find the characters of the rocky strata vary, as if their deposit had been produced under different agencies, which had changed repeatedly, and at each time the forms of organic life had disappeared, to give place to some other, which bad iu like manner passed away ; and so constant is the type of these fassil remains for each cla.ss of rocks, that it affords an infallible guii>itrict, p. 3S2. t I'fiylopnii rcHntusniii, 14 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Conflicting; accounts existing in relation to the extent of this cavern, tlie autlior, in company with a friend, explored it, with a view of ascertaining this point, and was only able to penetrate about seventy fathoms from the chamber at the foot of the outlet. The temperature of the water in June was 43°, and in winter it never freezes. It probably varies but little with external changes. On the north bank of Black river, opposite Factory village, in Watertown, are several caves of limited extent, which offer no calcareous incrustations of interest. The principal of these opens at its two ends upon the river bank. They are chiefly interesting from the evidence they furnish of having been formed by water running along the natural seams in the rocks. On the south bank of the river, in Watertown village, and under the termination of Jackson street, is the en- trance of a cave, which was first explored in the summer of ISoS, and is said to have been traced nearly five hun- dred feet. It aft'urds calcareous concretions of a peculiar variety, externally resembling pisofi/e, and formed by the agglutination of spheroidal granules of carbonate of liu)e. ]t is known as the ice cuve, from the occurrence of ice in the summer months, which almost obstructs its passages. Towards autumn the rocks above become warmed, and the ice melts, nor does the freezing process become established till near .spring. From the slow transmission of heat the seasons thus become reversed in this cavern. A current of cold air issues from over this mass of subterranean ice, which, when the air is warm and damp, becomes a dense fog. When the temperature in the shade was 92°, that at the mouth of this c.ive has been noticed to be 32°. In the town of Watertown, near the bank of the river, and about a mile from the village of Brownville, there occurs in a wood a sunken place, around and in the vicin- ity of which are numerous avenues, leading under ground, and communicating with each other by innumerable passages. Almost every natural seam in the rock has been widened into a space large enough to admit (if the pa.s.sage of a man, and sometimes opening into wide and lofty halls, of which several are found radiating from a central point. The form of these subterranean vaults is that of the Gothic arch, springing from the floor, and forming an acute angle above. Theextremc distance that this cave can be traced is less than thirty rods. It aflPords no calcarenus deposits of interest, and its only peculiarity consists in the numer- ous projecting masses of flint on the walls, which have re- sisted the decomposing action to which the rock has yielded. The floor of the cave is generally covered with mud or water. On the west bank of I'ercli river, near the village of Jjimerick, is a cavern, which, after passing twenty-four yards, opens into an external passage, from whence, de- scending to a level about thirty feet below the surface, it proceeds sixty-three yards farther, through a passage in some places ipiile lofty and flat-roofed, to a low horizontal chamber, beyond which, by creeping, one can proceed to a distance of one hundred and fifty-four yards from the en- trance to the extremity. It differs from all the others above described in having no lateral passages, nor does it aft'ord calcareous deposits. There probably exist other caverns in the county, but analogj' would lead us to the belief that they are of limited extent. So far as observed, they agree in aflFording evi- dence of having been worn by running water in early times, and in occurring in the same stratum. The Ormuceras, Endoceras, and other fos.sils characteristic of the rock are seen exposed in relief on the walls of the caves in many instances. It is to be observed of the strata that intervene between the water lime and the Trenton limestone, that from their soluble nature the natural seams have generally been widened into open chasms, and that from this cause .streams of water often find their way under ground in dry seasons. Although generally horizontal, the strata are occasionally disturbed by upheavals, as is seen at several j)laces along the line of the railroad between Chaumont and Cape Vin- cent. These disturbances are generally limited to a few rods, and often to a few yards. These rocks often afford an excellent building material, and are quarried extensively at Chaumont for locks and other public works. The black marble of Glen's Falls is derived from strata corresponding with the upper portion of these. The next rock above those above described is named the Trenton Z/»)<'.s/rv»c, which mostly constitutes the rock under- lying the soil in Champion, Rutland, Watertown, Ilouns- field, Henderson, Ellisburg, Adams, and a part of Rod- man and Brownville. In extent, thickness, number of fossil remains, and economical importance it far surpasses the others, and as a material for building and the manufac- ture of lime it has few superiors. Its color is usually gray, its fracture more or less cry.stalline, occurring usually in strata nearly or quite horizontal, and often separated by thin layers of shale. Many of its fossils are common with the slates above. Fossil plants of the lower orders are .somewhat common, but are limited to a few species. Of corals the number is greater ; twenty diflTerent species of zoophytes are found in this rock. Of that singular class of animals called /n'/ohitrs, of which there are at present but few living analogies, the Trenton limestone furnishes .several species. This animal possessed the power of coiling up into a ball, and of flat- tening itself out. Petached portions are of frequent occurrence; the head, tail, and parts of the body being often found separately. Of shells, this rock affords a very great variety. The thickness of this rock can not be less than five hun- dred feet. Its stratifii'ation is generally nearly horizontal, and disturbances wluii they occur are usually quite limited. In some places it contains veins of calcite, and of hc;ivy spar, the latter, in Adams, being associated with fluor spar. Resting upon tlie Trenton limestone, with which, in the bed of Sandy creek, in Rodman, it is seen in contact, is a soft black slate, readily crumbling to fragments under the action of frost, and divided by vertical parallel seams into regular masses. From its occurrence in the hills north of Utica, it has been called Utica stale. It has not been found applicable to any useful purpose, although experi- ments have been made to test its value as a litliie paint. Where sul]ihuret of iron could be ]irocured, the manufacture of alum might be attempted with prospect of success. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 15 Fossils are common, but less numerous in tliis rock than in those below it. Several of tliese arc common in the rocks above and below this. Only one species of trilohUe is found in this .slate, tliough found both above and below it. The graplolithiis is numerous both in individuals and species in the shales on tiie Hudson river. Being often compressed, their true nature was for some time unknown,* and they were classed with plants by some writers. Wiien preserved in calcareous matter their true nature becomes more apparent, and show them to have been animals of the lower orders, with a semi-calcareous body and a corticiform covering. Sulphur springs are of frecjuent occurrence in this rock, and native sulphur is sometimes noticed incru.st- ing the surfaces in ravines, where waters charged with sulphuretted hydrogen liave been cxpo.sed to vegetable action. Covering this formation, and constituting the super6cial rock of Lorraine, Worth, and part of Rodman, is a series consi-sting of alternating layers of .shale and slate, some of whidi are highly fussiliferous, and others entirely destitute of organic remains. From the remarkable development of this rock in Lorraine, it has received the name of Lorraine shales. For a similar reason it is known elsewhere as the llmhoii river ffroiip, from its forming the highly-inclined shales that occur, of enormous thickness, in tlie valley of the Hudson. This rock is nearly worthless for any useful purpose, although at I'ula.ski and elsewhere layers are found that are adapted for building. The mineral springs of Saratoga arise from this ruck. Having thus briefly enumerated the leading geological features of the countj', some generalizations of the several rocky formations may be made. TOPOGRAPUICAL — GEXER.\L OBSERVATIONS. To one accustomed to close and careful observation, the features of a country and the contour of its hills afford a reliable means of opinion on the character of the subjacent rock. There pertains to each of these in this county a pe- culiarity of profile, when exposed in the brow of hills, that is as constant and as unmistakable as any cla.ss of phe- nomena offered to the observation of geologists ; and these distinctive features arise from the greater or less facility with which the several rocks yield to disintegrating forces. The shales and slates being easily decomposed, and offering little resistance to the action of running water, present a rounded outline; running streams have here worn deep, winding gulfs, through which the channels meander, wash- ing alternately the right bank and the left, affording a suc- cession of crumbling precipices, often of romantic beauty, and spreading over the plains, where they issue from the hills, the broken materials brought down from the ravines. The rock b everywhere covered with soil, derived from its own disintegration, and is inclined to clay, from which cause, when level, there is a tendency to the formation of swamps, from the impermeable character of this material. The soil is generally fertile, and especially adapted to graz- ing. Wherever diluvial action hsus existed, it has worn, ® PalacuntoIo;.T of New York, i. 265. with little difficulty, broad valleys, and pcmovcd immense ({uantitics of the detritus to other places. Tlie.se shales form a* ridge of highlands, extending from this county, through Oswego, Lewis, Oneida, and Herkimer counties, being known in L(!wis as Tug hill. The margin of this elevated tract is worn into deep ravines; but when the head of these is reached, the country becomes level and sometimes swami)y, with frequent beaver meadows. The streams are sluggish and miry, and the water highly dis- colored, probably from the presence of the black oxide of manganese, that is of frequent occurrence in the swani])s, and is found coating the bowlders exposed to running water. The junction between the Utica slate and Trenton limestone is generally concealed by deep deposits, brought down from the u]iper formation. The change, where observed in the bed of Sandy creek, is well defined, there being no blending of the two rocks. Along the ba.se of the slate is usually a strip of clay, a few rods in width, but continuing for considerable di.stanccs. The thickness of these shales in the ridge of highlands extending towards Utica, cannot be less than five hundred feet. Local disturbances are but seldom seen, and the stratification is usually horizontal. The limestone occurs in terraces, with steep but not pre- cipitous margins, the whole of which is covered with a soil derived from its own decomposition, where not protected by drift. The soil is inclined to be thin, and consequently liable to be affected with drouth, but is extremely fertile, and alike adaj)ted to gra.ss and grain. The richest and best portions of Jefferson County, if not in the State, are under- laid by this rock. Running streams, when small, do not wear ravines, but fall down the slope of the terraces in pretty cascades, broken into foam and noisy from the nu- merous pihing, from being charged with lime. The calciferous sand.stone presents a jlut country, with few valleys, and those but a few feet below the level of the adjacent plains. The rock is covered with a very thin soil, derived from its own decomposition, but one of much rich- ness, from the presence of lime. It seldom descends by a gentle slope into the valleys, but presents a shelving ledge, very peculiar to this rock, in this .section of the Slate. Swamps, when they occur, are bordered with this sharp ■margin of rock, and have a deep soil, as if they had anciently been lakes. When springs exist, they are com- monly hard, fnini the lime which the rock contains. The Putsilani sandstone generally presents a level surface, but more liable to upheavals, and is covered with soil en- IG HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. lircly brought from other formations, and varies in quality with sources from which it lias been derived. This rock never presents a fertile slope into the valleys, but is bor- dered with (ihrupt precipices, at the foot of which are piled husje masses that have tumbled from the face of the ledge. The primitive rocks of the county pre.seiit a constant succession of abrupt roiinileJ rii/r/es, scantily covered in the state of nature with timber, and, when cleared, with a thin soil, with intervening valleys of considerable fertility, that have received their soil from the wash of the hills. The nature and amount of soil varies with the rock, and is abundant and fertile where lime.stone and feldspar abound as its constituents, but much less so where the chief ele- ment is quartz. The fact is observable, that the south slope of the hills is more abrupt than the uorfJi, as if they had been more upheaved. The prevailing dip of the strata of gnei.ss is towards the north or northwest, where observed in this county. Drift deposits occur promiscuously over rocks of every age, covering them unequally with transported materials, and, when occurring in hills, presenting that viifiiJeil and conical outline often seen in snow-drifts. Having been deposited in moving water, wherever a sheltered point or conflicting currents favored, they were subject to all the dynamic laws which modify the motions of .solids movin"- in fluids. These deposits may be distinguished from soil underlaid by rock by the endless variety of rounded outline which they present, and are invariably covered with vc^e- tiition. About a third of the county, in its central part, lies in the valley of Black river, the remainder being drained by Sandy creek, Indian river, and the minor streams running into the lake and St. Lawrence. E. H. Brodhead* estimated its volume, at low water, at ninety-four thousand cubic feet per minute; that of the Oswegateliie being twenty thou- sand, and of Indian river, three thou.sand.-f- The river de- scends four hundred and eighty feet between Carthage and the lake, giving a power equal to one hundred and thirty- five thousand three hundred andsi.xty horses, working eight hours a day. In this distance, at the present time (1854), the water passes over thirteen dams, at none of which the entire amount of water is used, and at most of them but a very small portion is employed. Although Indian river and several of its tributaries, and the two branches of Sandy creek, and other streams of less note afford at many points eligible sites for hy¥rence and Franklin counties, p. G9S. — Ilouf'h. 1853. HISTORY OF JEFFKUSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. earthworks indicate. The central and most densely popu- lated region occupied by tlicin ai>i)eai-s to have been the upper valley of the Mississippi from Meuipliis to the north line of Illinois, and the valley of the Ohio throughout its whole extent. Their largest work seems to have been the immense mound at Cahokia, near St. Louis, in the State of Illinois, said to be seven hundred by five hundred feet in dimensions, and having, when first seen by Europeans, a height of ninety feet; and their most extensive system of fortifications at Marietta, Ohio, where they cover a tract from two to three miles in length by a half-mile in breadth. When the country was first settled by Europeans, the Miiigwe and Lenape, or Iroquois and Delaware, Indians had traditions of an ancient race which their forefathers conf(uered and drove out of all the country lying east of the Mississippi (which they called Nama Sepee, or river of sturgeon) " many moons ago." It is conjectured by some writers that this race wa.s iden- tical with the Aztec and Toltec races of Mexico and Cen- tral America, and that the Fimos and other peculiar natives of New Mexico and Arizona are the degenerate fragments of this once powerful and numerous people. The following remarks, with descriptions of all the promi- nent works known to exist in the county, together with accounts of various discoveries of skeletons, improvements, etc., etc., are from Dr. Hough's History, and are believed to be very full and accurate : " A passing tribute to the memory of a race who have left but few traces of their sojourn in the territory now em- braced in Jefferson County, may not be deemed inappro- priate before entering into the details that make up our authentic history. There are probably few who have not dwelt with peculiar interest upon the glimpses we catch through the mists of the past of whole tribes of men that have vanished from the earth, leaving no heirs or represen- tatives to inherit the richer blessings of our age ; of nations whose part in the great drama of human life must always be the theme of conjecture ; whose sages are forgotten, and whose warriors sleep unhonored in the dim obscurity of oblivion. Few are the monuments we may interrogate, and doubtful the interpretation of the enigmas which the .scat- tered traces of their existence offer, nor can these furnish the ba.sis of a well-founded conjecture of the people, or the period, or in some instances the object, with which they were related. At most, we can but offer a few fuels, and leave the field of conjecture open to those who may have more ample means of comparison, and the leisure and talent to devote to this deeply-interesting fielil of irifpiiry. The general inference which has been reached by those whose researches have been especially devoted to this study, is that none of the remains of art in this s(^ction of the State can ]iretend to the anti(|uity that belongs to the mound- builders of the Ohio valley ; that they indicate at most but a .slight attainment in civilization ; that they denote no further object than self-defense, or simple sustenance ; and that they evince no general plans, no organized system, beyond what the necessities of the moment suggested. Further than this wc know nothing. The inelosurcs here- after described exhibit that similarilv that leads us to believe them the work of the same race, for a common object, — protection against a contemporary foe ; thus show- ing that wars are, if not inherent in human nature, at least coeval with the first diiwnings of civilization. " In the town of Le Ray, a short distance below the village of Black River, and on the road to Watertown, was formerly the trace of a trench inclosure. The work was irregularly semicircular, inclosing about one and a quarter acres of ground, and a short distance from the bank of Black river, the side towards which w;is open, the ends of the embankment extending a short distance down the slope, and curving inward ' as if to prevent the flank from being turned by an enemy.'* A portion of the bank and ditch outside may still be traced in the road, but the greater part has long been leveled b}' cultivation. In the fields adjacent are the traces of hearths, numerous fragments of rude pot- tery, bones of animals, and stone chisels.^ Human bones have also been found in the vicinity. Although the banks have been mostly leveled, yet their locality may be traced without much difiiculty. " About a mile north of this is another and larger one, which, like the first, contains in and around it the usual Indian relics. It occupies a plain but little elevated above a flat that was once flowed by a beaver dam, making a shal- low pond several acres in extent. The remains of the dam may still be traced on West creek, which has its source not far distant. " Two trench inclosures formerly existed near Sanford's Corners, in Le Ray, but no trace of the original works re- mains. When first »een, the bank, measured from the bottom of the ditch, was six feet high. An unusual amount of relics have been afforded by the adjacent fields, and several human skeletons, all buried in the sitting posture, have been exhumed. Like most others, they were built near the banks of a stream of water, and had at irregular intervals gateways or p;is,sagcs. The ground within and around was formerly a pine forest, ■which extended many miles in the direction of Carthage. " On both sides of Perch lake and on Linnel's island in an adjacent swamp, there were, when the country was first explored, a great number of mounds or barrows, supposed by some to be burial-places. They present much uniformity in appearance, being circular, from two to four rods across, from two to four feet high, and uniformly having a depres- sion in the centre, as if a vault had formerly existed there, which has since fallen in. When dug into, they are said to contain burnt stone, charred corn, broken pottery, etc. ; but no opportunity was afforded to the author to examine their structure. Most of them have been plowed down, but a few are said to remain on the west side of the I'ereli lake in their primitive state. In lIoun.sfield, on the shore of Black River bay, between Muskelunge creek and Storrs' harbor, is said to have existed formerly a trench inclosure of the ordinary form. We have not learned whether it is wholly or in part preserved, nor is its extent known. Some of the largest trees of the forest grew upon and within the » AboriKiniil Monumcnls of New York, by E. G. Squicr. Smith- sonian C'lmlriliutions, vol. ii. art. vi. p. 2.'i. pi. ■■!. t Scu Tliinl .\nniml Ui'|>ort of Regents of the L'nivLTsity on iho Couilition 111' llu' .Slate Cabinet, p. 101. HISTOHV OF JEFFKKSON COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 23 bank. In Watertown, on lot No. 29, about two and a half miles southwest from the villasie, may still be seen in an open wood, and in a fine .state of ine.sorvation, the outline of a work eonsisting of a bank thrown up from a surround- ing ditch, and evidently intended as a defensive work. It is on the summit of a gradually slopin<^ terrace of Trenton limestone, and conimand.s a delightful pro.spect. Elms three feet in diameter are found growing upon the bank, and the decaying remains of otliers .still larger, within and upon it, carry back the date of its construction to an ante-Coluujhian period. In the same range and lot, on premises owned by Anson Hungerford, E.sq., and about forty rods east, there was formerly another inclosure, with gateways, the position and e.vtcnt of which cannot now be ascort;iincd, as the bank has long since been leveled by cultivation. The one first mentioned is semicircular, the open side facing upon the bank.* " Half a mile east of Burrville, on lot No. 31 , was forinmly a defensive work, consisting of a mound and ditch, running across a point between two streams near their junction, and forming, by the aid of the natural banks, a triangular in- closure. The plow has long ago filled the ditch and leveled the bank, leaving no trace of the work. The soil has aftbrded a great abundance and variety of relics, and the vicinity indicates that it had been occupied as an Indian village. Within the inclosure is a bowlder of gneiss, worn smooth and concave in places by the grinding of stone im- plements. On a point of land opposite the author found an iron ball weighing eight ounces,"}" and others have been picked up in the vicinity, indicating that the place must have been passed, at least, by those who knew the use of small ordnance; probably the French, on some of their ex- peditions against the Iroqiiois.'l Mr. Squier, in his work on the ancient monuments of New York, mentions the trace of an Indian village a mile northeast of this. " Near Appling post-office, on the land of D. Talcott, in Adams, near the line of Watertown, is still to be .seen the trace of a work of great extent and interest. It is on the brow of the upper terrace of Trenton limestone, overlook- ing a vast extent of country to the west and north. The bank has an average height of three and ba.se of ten feet, with an external ditch of corresponding dimensions, and there were about seven gateways or interruptions in the work, which had an elliptical form, one side bordering upon a beaver pond, and bounded by an abrupt bank, about thirty feet high. Upon and within the work, trees of'an enor- mous size are growing, and the decaying fragments of otliers carry back the origin of the work several hundred years. A great number of small pits, or caches, occur where pro- visions were stored for concealment ; as shown by quantities of parched corn. Several skeletons have been exhumed here, which had been buried in a sitting posture, and its relics are the same as those above mentioned. " Near the northwest corner of Rodman, on lot No. 2, on the farm of Jared Freeman, was foi-merly an interesting » Smithsonian Contributions to Knowlcilgo. vol. ii. art. vi. ]>. 20, fig. 2, pi. 2. See also N. Y. Senate Document No. 30, 1851, p. 105, )>latc 7. •f Probably grape-shot. J Senate Document, ISol, No. .'iO, p. 105, nhere :i plan is given. work, of which no trace rcmain8§ except a bowlder of gneiss, worn smooth by grinding. Before the place had been cul- tivated, it is said to have shown an oval, double bank, with an intervening crescent-shaped space, and a short bank run- ning down a gentle slope to a small stream, one of the .sources of Stony Creek, that flows near. Several hundred bushels of burnt corn were turned out over an area one rod by eight, showing that this must have been an immense magazine of food. On the farm of Jacob Heath, on lot No. 25, near the west line of Hodman, and on the north bank of North Sandy creek, a short di.stancc above the con- fluence of the two main branches of that stream, there formerly existed an inclosure of the same class. It included about three acres, was overgrown with luavy timber, and furnished within and without, when plowed, a great quant ity and variety of terra-cotta, in fragments, but no metallic relics. Under the roots of a large ina]ile was dug up the bones of a man of great stature, and i'urnished with entire rows of double teeth. " On the farm of Wells TSenton, half a mile from Adams village, was an inclosure similar to the others, and afl"orditig the usual variety of relics; and another trace of an ancient work of a similar character is mentioned in Adams, two miles north of the village. " On the farm of Peter Durfey, near Bellville, in Ellis- burg, is still another, which, from the description given by those who have exauiinod it, does not differ in age or general appearance from others, having gateways at irregular inter- vals, and being guarded on one side by a natural defense. " The present cemetery, a little above Ellis village, pre- sents the trace of a work that was crescent-shaped, and, by the aid of the natural bank on which it was built, formed an irregular inclosure of about two acres. On the south bank of South Sandy creek, throe miles from its mouth, was a similar work, defended on one side by an abrupt bank, and now entirely leveled by tillage. A considerable numl)er of places occur in Ellisburg, which must have been inhabited by the aborigines. The fertility of the soil, ex- cellence of water, and vicinity to valuable salmon fisheries and extensive hunting-grounds, must have afforded many attractions to the savages. Probably several traces of an- cient works in this section of the country may have been levelled by tillage, without exciting suspicion of their nature. Besides these, one is mentioned 'as having occurred near Tylervillc, and another in Hounsfield, two miles from Brownville. " One of the mo.st conclusive evidences of ancient military occupation and conflict occurs in Rutland, near the resi- dence of Abner Tamblin, one mile from the western line of the town, and two miles from the river. It is on the sum- mit of the Trenton limestone terrace, which forms a bold, escarpment, extending down the river and passing acro.ss the southern part of Watertown. There here occuis a slight embankiuent and ditch irregularly oval, with several gate- ways ; and along the ditch, in several places, have been found great numbers of skeletons, almost entirely of males, and lying in great confusion, as if they had been slain in defendiii" it. Among these bones were those of a man ? Senate Document, 1851, No. 30, p. 105, where a plan is given. 24 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. of colossal size, and, Itlce nine-tenths of the others, furnished with a row of douJile teeth in each jaw. This singular pe- culiarity, with that of broad, flat jaws, retreating forehead, and great prominence of the occiput, which was common to most of these skulls, may hereafter afford some clue to their history. There is .said to have been found at this place, by excavating, hearths or fire-places, with bones of animals, broken pottery, and implements of stone, at two different levels, separated by an accumulation of earth and vegetable mould from one to two feet thick, as if the place had been twice occupied. So great has been the length of time since these bones have boon covered, that they fall to pieces very soon after being exposed to the air. Charred corn, bones, and relics occur at both levels, but more abundantly at the lower. At numerous places not exhibiting traces of forti- fications arc found fire-places, accumulations of chips, of flint, and broken pottery, as if these points had been occupied as dwellings. In several places hone-pits have been found, where human remains in great numbers have been accumu- lated. One is mentioned as occurring near Brownville vil- lage,* where, in a space of ten or twelve feet square and four deep, a great number of skeletons were thrown. Another deposit of bones occurs in Ellisburg, nearly opposite an ancient work on South Sandy creek, near a house now occupied by J. W. Ellis, where, in digging a cellar in 1818, bones in great numbers were found. In 1812 there was found in Rutland, three miles from Watcrtown, under a pile of stones about three feet high, which rested on a cir- cular, flat stone, a pit four f(«t .square and two deep, filled with the bones of men and animals, thrown together in great confusion. f These exhibit marks of teeth, as if they had been gnawed by animals. This, with the charcoal and charred corn in the vicinity, has been thought to indicate ancient massacre and pillage, in which an Indian village was destroyed and the bones of the slain afterwards collected and buried by friends. It was estimated that thirty or forty skeletons were buried here, besides parts of animals that may have been killed for food. A custom is said to have prevailed among some Indian tribes of collecting and bury- ing at stated intervals the bones of their dead, and some of these depositories may have thus originated. The pottery found around these localities was of the coarsest and rudest character, externally smooth, except where marked by lines and dots in fantastic and ever-varying combinations of fig- ures, and internally rough from the admixture of coarse sand and gravel. There was no glazing known to these primitive potters, who possessed, nevertheless, a certain degree of taste and skill, and sometimes attempted, on their pipes and jars, an imitation of the human face and fantastic images of ser- pents and wild animals. " Rarely, metallic relics of undoubted antiquity are found. A chisel of coppjr before us is of this class ; and the metal from which this, and other relics of this kind were made, was doubtless procured from Lake Superior. A fragment of a sword-blade, around which the wood of a tree had grown, was found by the first settlers of Ellisburg. Mus- kets, balls, hatchets, knives, and other implements of metal, ^ Sinithsoninn Contributiona, ii., part vi. p. 25. t Third Kcprjit of Regents on Ciibinet, 1850, p. 102. have been at various times turned out by the plow ; but none of the articles of undoubted European origin can claim an antiquity prior to the French and Indian wars.J " There was found several years since, in the sand, at a deep cutting of the railroad, near the poor-house, an oval ball, about three inches long, which for some time was used by children as a plaything. From its lightness and hard- ness, it excited curiosity, and it was cut open, when it was found to contain a strip of parchment and another ball ; this latter also contained another ball and strip of parch- ment, in all three. One of these is preserved, and is three- fourths by eleven and three-eighths inches, containing, written on one side, four lines of Hebrew characters, with- out vowel points, quoted from Deuteronomy xi. 13 to 21 inclusive. The case containing these was apparently made of hide, and it had been doubtless used as an amulet by some traveling Jew, or had been procured by the Indians as a charm, at a period not prior to the French era of our history. This section of the State, at the earliest period of authentic history, was occupied by the Oneidas and Onoii- dagas, as a hunting-ground ; and one or two trails were perceptible when surveyed in 179G. Occasionally the St. Regis Indians would find their way into our territory, but oftener the Massctsaugas from the north shore of the lake. The Oneidas considered them as intruders, and the latter seldom allowed themselves to fall in their way, from which reason the visits of the natives were stealthy and unfre- quent, and nothing would fill the foreign Indians with ap- prehensions sooner than being told that the Oneidas were in the neighborhood. After the war nothing was seen or heard from them. Of our aboriginal names of places in our country but few are preserved. Mr. L. H. Morgan has given on a map, accompanying his work entitled ' The League of the Iroquois,' the following, as they are known in the Seneca dialect : ^ " Lake Ontario, Neagha. Tccarneodi. " Sandy ereek, Tekadaogahe. " Black river, Kahnahgo. " Sackct's harbor, Gnhnagojetwaraalote. " Wolf island, DenwokedacanaHda. " St. Lawrence, Gmiowngeh. Gahunda. " Indian river, Oje.qnack. " On an ancient French map in Yale College library, Carlton island is designated Cahihouonage ; a town at the mouth of Black river, Otihanagne. The St. Regis Indians name Black river Nikalilonhiikown, or Big river. In Mr. Squicr's work on the ' Antiquities of the State,' it is called Kamargo ; French creek is by the St. Regis called Atenharaktoehtiire, the place where the fence or wall fell down. The Ox Bow of Oswegatcliie river they name Onontohen, a hill with the same river on both sides." J It is possible that they date baok to the year 1B15, when Cham- plain led nn nriny, eoniposml of a few French soliliers anil ii griiit number of Huron- Alyinuiitin Indian.", on an expedition against the Iftiqitoin, HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 25 CHAPTER IIT. CHAMPLAIN AND FRONTENAC. North America — Early Discoveries — Frenuh Occupation — Samuel Dc Champlain — Wars with the Iroqiioip — Troubles with the Englii^b Colonists — Count Frontcnac and other Governors of Canada — Fortifications — Carlton Island. The first Euroi)eati, so far as known, who visited the region now included in Jefferson County, was Samuel De Champlain, justly called the "Father of New Franco." The visit occurred in the autumn of 1015, when Cham- plain, at the head of an army composed of a few French and a great number of Algompiin-Unroiis, crossed the lower end of Jjake Ontario in a fleet of canoes, and landed probably in what is known as " Hungry bay," south of the mouth of Black river. Hiding their canoes, the savage swarm proceeded by land around the southeastern ex- tremity of the lake, crossing the Onondaga river, and, after a march of several days, reached the Seneca towns lying towards the Genesee river. The expedition returned by the same route, and thus twice visited Jefferson Countj' within a few weeks. As the earliest posts and settlements of the French were commenced on the lower St. Lawrence, and thence grad- ually spread inland and up the valley of the great river, a condensed account of the early voyages and explorations is deemed appropriate in this connection, as necessary to a correct understanding of the causes which eventually led Champlain into this region. Although the French were not permanent occupants of what is now northern Now York, yet thej' made the ear- liest visits (1609, 1G15) to the country, and gave the world its first knowledge concerning the regions adjacent to Lakes Champlain and Ontario. But for the bigotry of the times, which, in Chaniplain's day, forbade the Huguenots settling in New France, the subsequent history of the present United States of America might have been radically different; and, instead of English occupation, the whole vast region, from the inhospitable wilds of the north to the Mexican gulf, might very proba- bly have been at this day inhabited by descendants of the hardy Protestants of France. Certain French writers claim that as early as 1488 one Cousin, a navigator of the city of Dieppe, on the English Channel, visited the shores of the American continent, being forced by adverse winds and currents from the African coast. He is also said to have discovered a great river. If this statement is true, it was most probably the coast of South America that ho visited. On board his ship was one Pinzon, who became mutinous, and upon complaint being entered by his commander on the return of the sliip to Dieppe, he was dismissed from the service. It is said that he went to Spain, where he met the great discoverer, Columbus, to whom he related the particulars of Cousin's voyage, and, four years later, accompanied him on his first voyage to America, which at length furnished tangible evidence of the existence of a great continent iti the Western ocean, and made his name renowned throughout the world.* * See Pioneers of France in the New AVorld. hv Parkman. The Normans, Bretons, and Ba.squc8, those hardy sailors of the north and west of France and Spain, were early visitors to the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. It is even claimed that they were pursuing the cod-fishery previous to 1407. There is strong evidence that this fishery began as early as 1504, and the fact is well established that in 1517 fifty Castilian, French, and Portuguese vessels were employed in the businas-s. " In 150G one Denis, of Ilonfleur, explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and, two years later, Aubert, of Dieppe, fol- lowed in his track ; and in 1518 the Baron de Lory made an abortive attempt at settlement on Sable I.sland, where the cattle left by him remained and multiplied.' ■!■ John Verrazzano, a Florentine, visited the coast of America in 1524. He sailed along the shores, from where Wilmington, North Carolina, now stands, as far as New- foundland, from whence he returned to France. His ac- count of the voyage was the first reliable information the European nations obtained of the coast of the present United States. The voyages of Columbus, Ponce de Leon, Cabot, and Verrazzano created an intense interest among the nations of Europe, and explorations now followed in rapid succession. The Spaniards monopolized the southern portions of the continent as far north as northern Florida ; the English occupied the region lying between the Bay of Fundy and the Spanish possessions ; while the French, perforce, were obliged to content themselves with Nova Scotia, which they named Acadia, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, with its islands and adjacent countries, and the far-reaching valley of the river St. Lawrence. The next important voyage, following Verrazzano, was made by Jacques Cartier, a prominent cit- izen of St. Malo, in France, which port he left on the 20th of April, 1534, bound on a voyage of discovery to the Western ocean. He visited the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the Bay of Chaleurs, the island of Newfoundland, and sailed up the river as far as the island of Anticosti ; but the threaten- ing storms of autumn drove him from the inhospitable shores, and he returned to France, having made only a reconnaissance. His discoveries wore deemed of such importance that he was commissioned anew, and on the lUth of May, 1535, again set sail with three small vessels for the New World. Encountering a furious tempest, which it happily weathered, the scattered fleet a.s.sembled at the Straits of Belle Lsle. Cartier named the broad-spreading waters the Bay of St. Lawrence, which name subseiiuently attached to the river also. Following up the majestic stream, he east anchor in the channel between the island of Orleans and the northern shore, being probably the first European vessels and people which the natives of that region had ever .seen. The river was known to the Indians by the name oi Ilocheliga. On the spot where Quebec now stands a cluster of wigwams comprised the Indian town of Stada-co-nn, in which re- sided an important chief, or king, called Don-na-coita, who t Parkuian. 26 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. treated the adventurers with a courtesy far bej-ond their deserts, for tlie crafty Cartier, when afterwards making preparations to return to Europe, enticed the unsuspecting potentate, and a number of liis chiefs and warriors, on board his vessel, when they were secured and taken to France. Cartier explored the river as far as Hochdaga, an Indian town which stood on the site of the present commercial city of Montreal (Mount Royal), where he arrived October 2, 1535, seventy-six years before Chauiplain began the foundations of the present city. The Indian capital was fortified by a triple row of pali- sades, or heavy stockades, formed of the trunks of trees, and strongly braced together. A similar system of fortifications seems to have been in use among all the Ah/onquiii nations. The place was surrounded by extensive fields of maize, ripening in the autumn sun, and the city was populous with tawny inhabitants. The high mountain overlooking Montreal Cartier vi-sited, acctmipanied by troops of natives, and, enchanted by the magnificent prospect from its breezy .summit, he named it " Mount Royal," from which the present name is derived. Returning down the river, Cartier hauled his ships up the little river St. Charles, in front of a small palisaded work which those who had remained behind had con- structed, and here the whole force jiassed the winter, suf- fering untold hardships from cold and the scurvy, which carried off twenty-six of their number before spring. This terrible disease was said to have been cuied by a decoction of spruce-bark ; a remedy given them by the Indians. AVith the return of spring, Cartier re.solved to abandon his settlement and return to France. With his captive chiefs he set sail, and ou July 16, 1536, once more cast anchor under the guns of St. Malo. The wars in which France was then involved swallowed up all minor considerations, and there was little encourage- ment at court for those who were interested in the New World. But a champion eventually came forward in the person of Jean Francois de la Roque. Sieur de Roberval, a nobleman of Picardy, who had succeeded in interesting the kin" suffi- ciently to procure his assistance in fitting out a squadron of five vessels. I'pon Roberval the king conferred the high- sounding but empty titles of " Lord of Norembega, Viceroy and Lieutcnant-tjeneral iti Canada, Ilochelaga, Saguenay, Newfoundland, Belle Isle, Corpunt, Labrador, the Great Bay, and Baccaloos,"* and liirnished liim a handsome sum of money from the royal treasury, willi which the five vessels were prucured and equijiiied. Of this expedition Jac((ues Cartier was made cajitain- general. Its objects, as .set forth in his commission, were " discovery, .settlement, and the conversion of the Indians." Volunteers for tlie purpose of colonizing New France, as the country had been named by Cartier, not coming forward in sufficient nundjors, he was authorized to select from the public i)risons a sufficient number of criminals to man his vessels and strengthen his colony. The anticipated profits * This word is said to ho tlip linsquc nninc fcir cod. of the adventure were to be divided into three equal parts, of which the king was to receive one-third, the adventurers another third, and the balance was to be reserved to cover necessary expenses. Duu-iia-co-iin and his diiefs were claimed to have been converted to the " true fiiith" and baptized, but most of them had died within a year or two thcreal'ter. On May 23, 1541, Cartier once more set sail from St. Malo, leaving Roberval to follow with additional supplies and emigrants as soon as they could be collected. In due lime he arrived in the St. Lawrence, where the .savages met him and eagcily inquired for their chief and warriors. (;artier dissembled, and replied that L>oit-iiart of Macomb's purchase. It embraced but six hundred acres, as surveyed by John Campbell in the fall of 1799. J Land Office Minutes, vol. ii.»p. oG. II lb., p. 80. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 45 SIMON DESJARDINES. Peter Pcnet, by an instrument dated Jan. 23, 1789,* made John Duncan his attorney, and the latter received, Nov. 19, 1789, a patentf for a tract ten miles square, which on July 13, 1790, he conveyed;); for the nominal sum of five shilling.^ to James Watson and James Green- leaf, of New York. Feb. 2G, 179'), Watson released^ to Greeuleaf his half of the tract for .£1000 ; the latter having, Sept. 4, 1797, conveyed by deed the 64,000 acres to Simon Desjardincsll fur £19,400.Tf De.^jardincs conveyed to Nicholas Olive, of New York, Jan. 29, 179G, and the latter to Herman Lc Roy, William Bayard, and James SlcEvers, 4 1,000 acres of this tract, in trust as joint tenants lor certain heirs, of whom Mallett Prevost was entitled to 8000 acres ; John Lewis Grenus to 12,000 acres; Henry Finguorlin, Jr., 8000 acres. At the time of this conveyance Olive helil these lands in trust, and 16,000 acres in his own right. A deed of partition be- tween the proprietors was executed May 17, 1802,** ac- cording to a division by ballot, as follows: N. Olive, 16,000; J. L. Grenus, 12,000; II. Finguerlin, Jr., 8000; A. M. Prevost, 8000 acres, making 44,000 acres, which with 8000 to Louis Le Guen, and 12,000 to John Wilkes pn^viously conveyed by ()live,ff made 61,000 acres on the whole tract. After the deed of partition, and on June 11, 1802, the proprietors released to one another the quantity allotted to each, as follows: John Wilkes and Louis Le Guen, to liO Roy, Bayard, and iMcEvers, of 44,000 acres; L., B., & M., and Louis Le Guen, to John Wilkes of 12,- 000; and L., B., & M., and J. Wilkes to L. Le Guen of 8000 aercs.++ Nicholas Olive, in his will, made his wife and Ilenr}' Cheriot his executors, and his widow afterwards married Simon Louis Pierre. Manjuis do C'ubieres, of Paris, who with his wife did, May 9, 1818, appoint L., B., and M. to convey to Provost. Grenus, and Finguerlin their several shares. The latter. May 20, 1817, directed L., B., and JM. to convey to Joseph Russell and John La Farge. Le Roy and Bayard deeded to John Henry and Edmund Wilkes 16,000 acres, Sept. 23, 1818, and the latter to John La Forge, April 14, 1823,§§ having received May 9, 1818, from the Marquis do Cnbieres and wife, a power of attorneyllll for the purpose. Le Roy and Bayard conveyed 12,0(10 acres Nov. 23, 1818,'and to Ru.sscll and La Farge • Sco. office deeds 22, p. 277. J Not recorded. t lb. piiteiits 21, p. -107. i See. office deeds 38, p. ;i50. II Sec. office deeds .18. p. :i44. ^ The Caslorlaiul Jouinul of diite August .'iO, 179t, gives the fol- lowing account of the origin of Desjiirdiues' connection with this title : Mr. Olive and his associates having dcteruiiQcd to purchase Penet Square, the purcliasc was uiade in my name, as having the riglU to hold lands, and ttiese gentli-incn promise M. Pharou.\ and myself a tenth part of the hcuetits for tlie attention that we give them in this business. 8imo.v De^iaudi.ves. ■ «> JcB'. Co. deeds, rec. Dec. H, 1S21. ft Olive conveyed, Oct. 15, 1800, SUOO acres to Henry Cheriot (sec. deeds 38, p. .•!47), and C. to John Wilkes the same, Oct. 16, ISOO (ih. p. 4;i2). XX .Iclferson Co. deeds, rec. June 18, 182j. JJ Jeff, deeds, rec. June 2:i, 1821. nil lb., rec. Oct. 2;!, 181S. 8000 acres, Sept. 23, 1818.^ Joseph Russell released his half of these 8000 acres Dec. 12, 1818.^1 John Wilkes to Charles Wilkes Jan. 1, 1818,*** sold 8000 acres, and the latter the same to La Farge, June 3, 1825.*** By these conveyances Mr. La Farge became the owner of the greater part of Penet Square ; but he allowed the lands to be .sold for taxes, and his claims were subsequently confirmed by a comptroller's deed from Win. L. Marcy, Alay 13, 1828. On Nov. 2.'i, 1819, Francis Depau bought fifteen lots (21 to 25, 41 to 45, 56 to 60), for 8l2,Ol)(l,ttt excepting parts sold to Samuel Rugglos. In our account of Orleans ■ will be given a detail of the incgulaiitii'S growing out of occupation without title, and the ciinHii;tiiig claims which continued many years, and produced much difficulty. The whole of Macomb's contract WiLS estimated to con- tain, after deducting five per cent., 3,(!70,715 acres, and was divided into five tracts. Tract No. 1 contained 821,819 acres, and is wholly in Franklin county. No. 2 embraced 553,020 acres, or the present towns of Parishville, Colton, Hopkinton, Lawrence, Brasher, and a small part of Mas- sena, iti St. Lawrence county. No. 3, the remainder of St. Lawrence county south and west of the ten towns, or 458,222 acres. No. 4 contained 450,950 acres in Jeffer- son County, it being, with the exception of Penet's Square and Tibbet's Point, all of that county north of a line drawn from the .southwest corner of St. Lawrence county, north 87° west, to Lake Ontario. No. 5 (2(;,25l) acres) and No. 6 (74,400 acres) furnied the rest of the purcliase ; the di- vision line between which numbers w;ls never surveyed. Soon after perfecting his title to a portion of his tract, Ma- comb employed William Constable (who is .said to have been, with Daniel McCormick, the principal proprietor) ;is his agent to sell lands in Europe; and, on June 6, 1792, he released, and October 3, 1792, conveyed to him the whole of tracts 4, 5, and 6, for £50,000. |];J Macomb had become involved in speculations, by which he lost his prop- erty, and was lodged in jail ;§§§ and his name does not subse- quently appear in the tran.sfers of land. He had been a fur-trader in Detroit, afterwards became a merchant and capitalist in New York, and was the father of the late General Macomb, of the war of 1812. THE CIIASSANIS PUIICUASK. The first direct measure taken for the actual settlement of the section of the State embraced in Jefferson County was in 1792. On August 31, William Constable, then in Europe, executed a deed to Peter Chassaiiis, of Paris, for 630,000 acres south of Great Lot No. 4, which now con- stitutes a part of Jefferson and Lewis counties. A tract in Leyden, previously conveyed to Patrick Colquhoun and William Intnan, was excepted. Chassauis acted as the " agent for the a.ssociated purchasers of lands iu Jlontgom- ery county," and the lands were to be by him held in trust for the use of the said William Constable, and disposed of by sections of one hundred acres each, at the rate of eight «[«{ lb. rec. Oct. 5. 1819. s-s-s Jeff. Co. rec. June 18, 182J. ftt Jen'. Co. deeds, N. 605. XXX Secretary's Office, Deeds 24, pp. ."illO and TM, August 2, 17il2. §^^ See History of St. Lawrence and Fr.anlilin Countie?, (). 212. llou.'l), 1854. 46 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. livros Tournois* per acre ; in wliitli said conveyance it is declared tliat tlie said Chassanis siiould account for the proceeds of the sales to Constable, according to the terms of an agreement between them, excepting one-tenth thereof. The State reservations for roads, etc., were stipulated. A deed fur 025,000 acres having been made from Constable to Chassanis, and delivered as an escrow to Rene Lambot, to take effect on the paj-mcnt of £52,000, it was agreed that the price for tliis land should be one shilling per acre. Constable bound himself to procure a perfect title, to be authenticated and deposited with the Consul-General of France, in Philadelphia ; and Chassanis agreed that the moneys received by Lambot should be remitted to Ran.som, Moreland & Ilamuierslcy, in London, as received, subject to Constable's order, on presenting the certificate of Charles Te.Kier, consul, of his having procured a clear title. If the sales .shall not have amounted to £02,750, the balance should be paid in six, nine, and twelve months, in bills upon London. Constable granted, for one month, the right of pre-emption to Tract No. 4, at the rate of one shilling sterling, payable in three, six, and nine months from the date of the deed, as above. The plan of the association contemplated by this com- pany is set forth in the following document, which we translate from an original copy, printed in Paris in 1792, ill the po.ssessiou of William C. Pierrepoiit, who has kindly permitted it to be used for this work. It is very probable that the stonny period of the French revolution that soon followed prevented its execution : " A.SS0CI.\TION/./r Ihe pnichuac nml nellleineiil o/60n,000 arrfm,/ land ijrmittd hji the State iif A'ew Yurh, nnd aitmited within that Sttile lie- Iweeii the Md dcij. and Hlh deg. u/lulitndr, upon Ijoke Oiilan'n, and 3o Uan demand, a duplicate of title to the holders of certificates, containing a copy of the original, and in it shall be mentioned that it is a duplicate." CHASSANIS Ttt.^CT-SUaVEYS. The agreement of Constable and Clias.saiii.s, of August 30, 1792, was canceled, and the tract reconveyed March 25, 1793, in consequence of the amount falling .short, upon survey, far beyond the expectation of all parties. On April 12, 1793, Constable conveyed 210,000 acres, by deed, for £25,000, to Cha.ssani.s, since known as T/ie Chussdiiis Ti-uct, Castt/ilaiul, or The Ficiich Cuinpaiiy's Land, bounded north by No. IV. of Macomb's purchase, south and west by Black river, and east by a line running north, nine miles, froiu a point near the High falls, and thence northeasterly on such a course as might include 210,000 acres. On April 11, 1797, Chassanis appointed Rodolph Tillier, "member of the sovereign counsel of Berne," his attorney, " to direct and administer the properties and affairs con- cerning Castorland, to follow all which relates to the sur- veying and subdividing of this domain, as well as to its improvement, clearing, and ainolioration ; to make the use- ful establishments ; make all bargains with settlers, artists, and workmen ; make all payments and receipts ; give and take receipts ; pa.ss all title of property, to the profit of those who will have acquired lands forming part of Castor- land ; to put, or have them put in possession of the said lands ; sell of these hinds to the amount of ten thousand acres, cither paid down for, or on credit, but in small par- cels of a hundred or two hundred acres at most." In case of death, NichoUis Olive was to succeed him. On February 18, 1797, a new agreement w;is made bstween Constable and Tillier, conveying the Castorland tract to Chassanis, after the survey of William Cij>;kburn & Son, of Pough- ke^psie, in 1799, and giving with greater detail the bounds of the tract. The former conveyances made the north and east bank of the river the boundary, but in this the centre of the channel Wius agreed upon. On March 6, 1800, Constable deeded to Chassanis, for one dollar, a tract of 30,000 acres in the eastern corner of tract No. IX., which was afcarwards subdivided into twenty-sjven lots, and con- veyed to James Le Ray. Cockburn's survey divided the purchase into six very unequal tracts, formed by the inter- section of the principal lines and the river. Tiie tract was subdivided by Charles C. Rrodhead and assistants,- in 1794. John Cantine, Philip R. Freys. Peter Pharoux, and Renoni Newman were among his surveyors. In di- viding the tract, the line running north from the High falls was assumed as the cardinal line, from which ranges were counted east and west. An east and west Hue, crossing the 48 lIISTOilY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. othor nine miles from the falls, was fixed as a second car- dinal, from which rang&s were reckoned north and south. The ranges extended to nineteen east, fifty-one west, twenty- seven north, and about nine south ; and the lots included 450 acres c:ich, except those on the margin. These were again subdivided into nine square lots, of fifty acres each, which were numbered from 1 to 4828. This system of numbering has .since been observed in designating the loca- tion of lands. Mr. Brodhead was a native of Pennsylvania, and had held the rank of captain in the Revolution. He was em- ployed by Tillier, through the influence of Edward Liv- ingston and Dr. Oliver, and while performing the survey encountered many hardships. An obituary notice, pub- lished soon after his death, which occurred within the last year, at Utica, contains the following: ** In running tbe great lines of division his party hail ctosslmI the Black river several times, the men and instruments being ferried across. On one occasion, when they had a}»pr()acbed the river, having jonrneyed through the woods without noting their route by the com- pass, they arrived at a part of the bank which they recognized, and knew to he a safe place of passing. Making a raft of logs, they started from the hank and began to pole across. When in the midst of the current their poles failed to reach the bottom, and, simultaneous with this discovery, the noise of the waters beltiw them revealed the horrid fact that they had mistaken their ferrying place, and were at the head and rapidly approaching the Great falls of the river, the passage of which thrcntened nil but certain death. Instantly Mr. 6. ordered every man who could swim to make for the shore, and he pre- pared to swim for his own life. But the piteous appeals of Mr. Pharoux, a young Frenchman of the party, who could not swim, arrested him. and he dcterinineij to remain with him to assist him, if possible, in the awful passage of the falls. Hastily directing his men to g^a^p firmly to the logs of the raft, giving similar directions to Mr. Pharou.v, he then laid himself down by the side of his friend. Tbe raft passed the dreadful falls and was dashed to pieces. Mr. Pha- rou.x, with several of the whites and Indians, was drowned, and Mr. Brodhead himself thrown into an eddy near tbe shore, whence he was drawn senseless by an Indian of the party. "^ The surveyors were in their instructions directed to note " all kinds of timber, wild meadows, useful plants, wild fruit trees, hills, swamps, creeks, and objects of interest generally." The south line of tract No. IV. was run by John Campbell and others, in August, 1794. At a very early period, a settlement wa.s begun by Tillier and others near the High falls, east of the river, and several families were settled. Several extensive sales were made by Chas- sanis and Tillier to Frenchmen of the better class, who h.id held property and titles in France before the revolu- tion. De-sjaidine & Co. bought 3002 acres on Point Pen- insula; Odier & Bousquet, 1500 acres on Pillar Point; Nicholas Olive (December 17, 1807t), a tract of 4050 acres north of Black river and bay; Henry Boutin, 1000 acres around the pleasant village of Carthage, J C. C. Brodhead, 400 acres in the present town of Wilna, and * The body of this joang man was afterwards found nn a small island at the mouth of the river to which his name was given. Mr. J. liC Ray caused to be prepared a marble tablet to be inserted in the rocks here, with the following inseri{>tiiin : "To the memory of PETKI! PlIAHorX, this Island is Conse- crated." t Ranges X. 27, W. 42, l.i, and part of 11, since called the Olive tract. Sec. Office Rec, July 16, 1S13, C. to Tillier. X April 2. i:il.S, jno .icrcs for £10(10, and December IS, 1798, 500 acres. Oneida Deeds, A. 2, p. 132. others. Among these were a conveyance dated March 31, 1801, of 1817 half-acres, in scattered lots, to twenty or thirty French people, many of them widows of persons who had acquired an interest in the New York company. On May 1, 17'J8, James Le Ray purchased 10,000 acres in Castorland, and February 15, 1801, all his lands not pre- viously sold. Chassanis in his early sales had reserved about 600 acres (\\. 20 W. 24 and 25 N.) between the present villages of Brownville and Dexter, for the city of Basle. The appendix of a work § printed in Paris in 1801 contains a letter relating to this company which must have been written by one familiar with the country. The work, from which we translate, purports to have been made from an English manuscript cast ashore on the coast of Den- mark from the wreck of the .ship " Morning Star," and from its romantic style it scarcely merits notice in history. The letter is dated September 4, 1800, and is as follows: ACCOUNT OF THE FRE.NCU SF.TTLF.MF.NT. '' This northern part of the State of New York, which contains the three great districts known as Richland, Katarokouy, and Castor- land, is bounilcd on the north by the river St. Lawrence, on the west by the Ontario, on the east by the counties of Washington and Clin- ton, and Lake Charaplain. and on the south by the new cantons of Oswego, Onondaga, and Herkimer, and is traversed nearly its entire length by Black river, which has forty-five to fifty miles of naviga- tion to its falls, situated n short distance from its mouth, in the bay of Xiahoure, on Lake (Ontario. This river receives in its course many considerable streams and creeks, abounding in hydraulic privileges. This region is very favorably situated for access. On the one side it communicates with Canada by the St. Lawrence, with tbe English establishments upon the right hank of the river, as well as those from Kingston, in the bay of Katarokouy, on the other with Lake Ontario, by the bays of Xiahoure and Cat Fish, and lastly with the Mohawk country, by a route just opened by Richland, Rome, and Castorville. They have surveyed another from the chief place (Castorville?), on the first navigable waters of the Oswegatchec, at the confluence of which with the .^t. Lawrence. Major Ford has founded a considerable establishment. Long Lake, the waters of which are nearly parallel with the (rreat river, oflers another route to those who wish to go to Fordsbourg and Lower Canada. With the e.xceptiou of the moun- tains, the soil is deep and fertile, as may be judged by the height and variety of the trees that comjinse the forest. The country which borders the river from our Katarokouy to the line which separates us from Canada (the 4.'ith parallel), abounds in oak, a timber the more precious, as it is rare and valuable at Montreal and Quebec. In other sections we see a mi.xture of elms, buttouwood. sugar-mnple, btltter- nut, hickory, beech, water ash. and basswood. We also find hemlock, white pine, and difTereut kinds of spruce, wild cherry, and reil and white cedar. From the boughs of the sprut^e is made that beer so praised by Captain Cook, and known to be tbe best of anti-scorbutics. The sugar-maple is so common in some sections as to form a third of the trees. Not only do we derive from thence all the sugar we need, but vinegar also, of an excellent quality. As is the case in all northern countries, this is filled with woody marshes and natural meadows, in which pasturage is had in summer, and forage for win- ter. AVe find in many places limestone, clay, and ore of iron, very ductile, but we arc still too young to think of building a furnace or large forges. It will not be so in ten years; it is probable we shall then be in a condition to furnish to the inhabitants of Upper Canada, who, not having contracts to assure theui the possession of their lands, cannot think of engaging in such enterprises. We already begin to cultivate corn, wheat, flax, and even hemp, since it had been observed to what height it grows on land formerly flowed by beaver dams; but it being only the fourth year ()f our settlement, the details of our progress cannot be very interesting. g Voyage dans la haute Pcnnsylvanie, ot dans I'f tat de New York, par un nicmbre adoptif dc la nation Oneida. Traduit et publi6 par I'autcur dcs Letlres d'un Cultivalcur Americain, .'J vols. 12mo. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 49 " An event, as unfortunate as unexpected, has much hindered the proiipciit^r of this colony. The death of a young ninn of muuh (alent, whum the Castorland company had sent frum Paris, to render a wild, and hitlierto unknown country, fit to favor the reunion of a new-born society, to divide the hinds, open roads, begin the first labort), build bridges and mills, and invent machine?, where man is so rare. A victim of his zeal in taking thu level of a bend of the river, he per- ished in trying to cross above the great falls. His comrades, go un- fortunate as not to be able to assist him, have collected the details of this disastrous event in a paper, which I have been unable to read without emotions, and which I send. " Our rivers abounlaeed a French family over the store and am well pleased with them. I think, however, they will return to France, where the new government has at length banished injustice, violence, and crime, and replaced them by the reign of reason, clemency, and law. The fishery of the great lake (Ontario), iu which I am concerned, furnishes mo an abundance of shad,f salmon, and herring, and niore than I want. What more can I say? I want nothing but hands. You who live in a country where there are so many useless hands, and whose labors arc so little productive there, why don't you send us some hundreds § This applies only to Lower Canada. Ij The right of obliging a vassal to bake in one's oven and grind at bis mill. ^ White Fish? F. B. H. 50 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. of those men ? The void they would occasion would i)e imperceptible : here they would fill spaces that need to be animated and enlivened by their presence. What conquest would they not aeliievc in ten years ! and what a difference in their lot ! Soon they would become free- holders and rcspeelable heads of families. The other ilay a young Frenchman, my neighbor, seven miles distant, and established some ye.irs upon the bank of the river, said to me ; ' If it is happy to enjoy repose, the fruit of one's labors, and of case after having escaped the perils of the revolution, h<»w much more so to have a partner of these enjoyments? I am expecting a friencl, a brother; it is one of those blessings which nature alone can bestow. What pleasure shall I not enjoy in pointing out to him the traces of my first labors, and in making iiiin count the successive ejuichs of their progress and the stages of my ]>rosperity ! but above all to prove to him that his memory has been ever present to me. The objects which surround me, I will tell him, arc witnesses to the truth of this : this hill upon the right, covered with sombre pines, is designared upon my map under the name of HippnliitH A h>tt»ci;, the creek which traverses my meadow under that of hmhcra' Creek, the old oak which I have lelt standing at the forks of the two roads, one of which leads to my house and the other to the river, Union Creek, and the place of ray house fllunm- intf Slope, Soon he will arrive from St. Domingo, where Toussaint L'Ouvcrture has allowed him to collect some wreck of our fortune.' " SURVEY OF GRE.\T TRACT NO. IV. On March 27, 1800, Tillier was succeeded in the agency by Gouverneur Morris, who appointed Richard Coxc, Nov. 13, 18U1, his attorney. Feb. 5, 1802, Chassanis executed a trust conveyance for §1 to James D. Le Ray, of 220,500 acres, as surveyed by Wui..Cockburn and Son, and by other instruments for nominal sums.* The lands were mostly sold to actual settlers b)' Mr. Le Ray, as agent or principal, but the details would be unintelligible without a map. Chas.sanis died in Paris Nov. 28, 1803. David B. Ogden, G. Morris,"}" and many others were at an early period con- cerned in those titles. Macomb's Tract No. IV. was surveyed by C. C. Brod- head in 1790, assisted by Jonas Smith, Timothy Wheeler, Joshua Northrop, Elias Marvin, John Young, Isaac Le Fever, Jacob Chamber.-', Elijah Blake, Samuel Tupper, Eliakim Hammond, and Abraham B. Smode, each with a few men as assistants, and the whole having a general camp or rendezvous at Hungry bay, on the north side of Pillar point, at a place called Peck's cove, near where the Chas- sanis line crosses the bay. The early settlers here found huts standing, and the remains of an old oven arc still visible. The journals of these surveyors show that they suffered much from sickness. Some of their supplies were derived from Canada, but the ino.st from the Jlohawk .settle- lucnts. A few troops were stationed on Carlton island, and thither some of their sick were sent. This tract, excepting the cast corner conveyed to Chassanis, was divided into lOOO lots of 440 acres each (excepting those around the border), which were numbered continuously. Evert Van Allen had been employed in 171)5 in surveying the bound- aries of tract No. IV. TIIK .\NTWEUI' CO.Mr.VNy's I'LUCIIASE. A proposition was entertained from Lord Pultney, in ]7'J2, for the purcha.se of a million of acres of Bhick river land, at a ([iiarter of a dollar per acre, of wliieh .£5000 were to be paid down, /t20,((0(( in one, and the same in two years, and the remainder as soon as the surveys were made. Oneida Dee Is, 9, 517 to 525. t Jeff. K., 253. Constable was to guaranty against claims from the native Indians, and all other parties, and to give immediate pos- session. The location was to be determined by Col. Wm. Stephens Smith, of New York. This bargain failed, and Pultney afterwards became largely' concerned in lands in the Genesee country. Oct. 3, 1792, Jane, the wife of A. Macomb, released her right to the lands previou.sly con- veyed. April 12, 1793, Constable .sold in London, with the consent of Chassanis, who had previously held a pre-emption claim, to Charles Michael De Wolf, of the city of Antwerp, tract No. IV., for 300, OOU florins, money of exchange,^; and in June following, of the same year, Do Wolf succeeded in negotiating his purchase at a great advance, viz. : for 680,000 florins, to a company of large and small capitalists of the city of Antwerp, who sub.scribed to the stock in shares of 1000 florins each, and organized under the name of the Antwerp Company. The stock was divided into 680 shares. Like most other operations of foreigners in a distant country, this company eventually proved unsuccess- ful, and a less to the stockholders. Gouverueur Morris be- came their fir.st agent in Atnerica, and on Jan. 2, 1800, a deed of half the tract, or 220,000 acres, passed to him from Constable on account of the company, for $48,889, and on the day following, the other half of equal extent, for $46,- 315.12, to James Dunatianus La Ray de Chaumont. Tract No. IV. was found, by Van Allen's survey, to contain 450,- 000 acres, including the State reservations. A fortner deed from Constable to Do Wolf was canceled upon the new one's being made. The division line between Morris' and Le Ray's conveyances commenced at the northeast corner of Penet's .stjuare, and ran on a line parallel with the county line, to the south line of No. IV. Morris took all north- east of this, and Lc Ray the remainder. August 15, 1802, a new division line was agreed upon, commencing near the southeast corner of 'Penet's square, running thence to the south corner of lot 512, thence to the west corner of the present town of Antwerp, and along the southwest line of that town to the south corner of lot 337, and thence to the south line of No. IV. A tract of 30,000 acres in the east corner of No. IV. was not included in these conveyances, havit)g been sold to Chassanis. In 1809, Jlorris retired from the business, his expeiLses and commissions absorbing 26,840 acres of land. Dec. 23, 1804, he had sold for §62,000 to Lewis R. Morris 49,280 acres in the present town of Antwerp. Mr. Morris subsetiuently conveyed forty-one lots to Silvinus Hoard, in the western part of Antwerp, adjoining Theresa, and since known as the Cooper tract. Abraham Cooper, from Trenton, New York, became interestod in this tract in 1817. The remainder of Antwerp, excepting three ranges of lots on the southeast side, was purclnLsed of Morris, by David Parish, in 1808. The tract amounted to 29,033 acres, and lias been settled under agents of the Parish estate. Moss Kent succeeded as agent of the Antwerp company, and June 15, 1809, the remainder of their unsold lands, 143,440 acres,!} were conveyed to him. He was soon succeeded by Mr. Le Ray, and Sept. 17, X Equal to *125,.'!56. J Comprising .1 ranges of lot.s (e.\. 772) ou cast side of Antwerp, and nil the company's land in Diana. Jcflerson Deeds, rec. Nov. I, 181)1). HISTORY OF JP:FFEIIS0N COUNTY, NE^V YORK. 51 1810, the company sold to him for 145,000 florins, money of exchange, all their interests in lands in America. Tlic land.s with Moss Kent were re-conveyed to Le Ray, June 24, 1817, except 3250 acres st)ld to \Vm. H. Harrison and T. L. Ogden, in Lewis county, Dec. 16, 1811. Mr. Le Ray is said to have been the owner of one liun- dred and twenty-six shares in the Antwerp company, and G. Morris of twenty-six. The former having acf|uircd a title to No. IV., and the Chassanis tract, removed to Le Raysvillc, where he opened a land-office and proceeded to sell land to actual settlers to a very large extent. He also effected with several Knropeaiis sales of considerahlc tracts, among whom were to Louis Augustin De Caulaincourt, due de Vincence, October 8, 1805, a tract of 4840 acres near Millen's bay, being eleven lots, which were convoyed Janu- ary 28, 1825, to Peter Francis Real, known as Count Real, chief of police under Napoleon ; to Emanuel Count De Grouchy, to General Desfurncaux, and to others considera- ble tracts. Several citizens of New York became after- wards concerned in these tracts on their own account or as agents, and extensive conveyances were made ; but as many of these were trusts not expressed, and referred to consid- erations not explained in the instruments of conveyance, or on record, an intelligent history of them cannot be at this time obtiiined, with sufficient conciseness for publication, should they be deemed of sufficient general interest. Among the lands conveyed were the following : To William and Gerarilus Post, .Tunc .3, 1825, for $17,000, 11,880 acres (with 3503 acres e.tccpted) in the present towns of Wilna and Diana; fioOO acres were conveyed by one, and the executors of the otiier of these, to T. S. Hammond, of Carthage, Oct. 2, 18:i7, by two deeds for 518,000. To Herman Le Koy and William Bnyard, for $50,000, Feb. 9, 1820, the interest of J. Le Ray in numerous contracts to set- tlors on Great Tract No. lA'. To Francis Pepaii, for $23,280, and SI5,OiiO by two con\'eyances, a large tract in Alexandria, adjoining St. Lawrence county, now held by L. J. (loodale, of Watertown. To Cornelia .Tuhel, Oct. 'J, 1821, numerous lots; and to many others, which, without a map, would be uuinleliigible. l'URCH.\SE OF COUNT SURVILLIEllS.* In 1818, Joseph Bonaparte, 'who in the United States assumed the title of Count de Survilliers, was induced to enter into a bargain with Le Ray, by whidi he agreed to receive in trust, with a warranty, the conveyance of 150,(100 acres of land, including 74,624 acres of the Antwerp Com- pany lands, to be taken in the most remote and unsettled portions, and at the same time Mr. Le Ray received certjiin diamonds and real estate, the whole rated at S120,000, and to be refunded in 1830, unless he should agree to accept before that time the title of a part of these lands. A trust- deed, with covenant and warranty, was accordingly pa.'ised Dec. 21, 1818, to Peter S. Duponceau, the confidentiiil agent of the count, for 150,200 acres, with the exception of such tracts, not exceeding 32,260 acres, as might have been conveyed or contracted to actual settlers. This deed included the greater part of Diana, two tiers of lots from * This personage, who held successively the thrones of Kapler and Spain, was born in the island of Corsica in 176S. being the next older brother o( Xai)o]eon I. His residence in this country was as an exile, anl he nturne 1 to Europe as soon as political events permitted. the southeast side of Antwerp, tlie whole of Wilna and Philadelphia, a small piece south of Black river, where it makes a node across the Chassanis line into No. IV., a tract of four lots wide and seven long from Le Ray, and nine lots from the easterly range in Theresa. It was recorded with a defeasance appended, in which it is declared a security for $120,000, as above stateil, and it provided for an auction sale of lands to meet this obligation.f Diamonds having fallen to half their former price, the fact was made a subject of complaint ; and, in 1820, the count agreed to accept 26,840 acres for the nominal sum of $40,200. These lands lay in the most remote portion of Xo. IV., and Mr. Lo Raj', in a letter to one of the Antwerp Company, dated April 9, 1821, complimented the count upon his taste in selecting a " tract abounding in picturesipie landscapes, whose remote and extensive forests, affording retreat to game, would en- alile him to establish a great hunting-ground ; qualities of soil, and fitness for settlers were only .secondary considera- tions. . . . He regrets, notwithstanding, that thus far he has been unable to find among the 26,000 acres of land a plateau of 20U acres of land to build his house upon, but he intends keeping up his researches this summer." The count subse(|uently commenced an est;iblishment near the present village of Alpina, in Diana, where a small clearing was made, but this was soon abandoned. JOSEPH BON.\PARTE. The following is the petition that procured the act of nat- uralization of Count Survilliers. It is preserved in French and Kiiglish, in the As.sembly papers, vol. xii., pp. 37- 41, secretary's office : ■ '* Tu the Jlonnruhle, the Leijiitlaftire rif the State of NeK York : " Joseph Bonaparte, Count de Survilliers, respectfully represents : That he arrived in the State of New York about ten years since, and having the desire to bring his family and fortune to the said State, he made engagements with some proprietors for the purchase of one hundred thousand acres of land ; he paid the value of saiil lands, but could not obtain a title for them, as the existing laws were opposed to it. He had, therefore, to be contented with a simple mortgage. Availing himself of a law jiromulgated at the same time by a neigh- boring State, in favor of aliens, he fixed his residence there, on lands which he was authorized to hold, leaving New York after h.aving re- mained there more than twelve months. At this time, he is obliged by ]u'culiar circumstances, either to sell his mortgage, or to become the ])roi)rietor of the land, and persisting in his desire to acquire property in the State of New York, and lo spend there a part of the year, which he thinks cannot fail to be beneficial to the numerous settlers already established on these lands, and increase their num- ber, upon the considerati*>n that a neighboring government rapidly increases its population by the encouragement given to aliens, and not being of the number of those who would wish to abandon this land of hospitality, where the best rights of man prevail, but never- theless bound to his own country by duties which misfortune renders more sacreil, and being unable, as many others have done, he avails himself of the law which offers him the honorable and precious title of an .\merican citizen: and presuming that he will fincl in the State of New York the same condescension and kindness he has met with in other Slates of the Union, the subscriber prays the legislature will grant to him the right to possess and bold lands in the Slate of New York. (Signed) "Joseph Bonaparte, " C'tuiit tie Sti-riUierH." October 29, 1823, Le Ray conveyed to William 11. Har- rison, in trust for the Antwerp company, for fifty thousand t Lewis County Records. 52 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. dollars, two ranges of lots in Antwerp, next to Lewis county, subject to the mortgage to Duponeeau, with a large amount of lands in Lewis county. Meanwhile an act wa.s procured, Novemher 27, 1824, allowing Charles Joseph Xavier KnyfF, Charles Jo.seph Geelliand Delafaille, Jean Joseph Reinier, Osy, Pierre Joseph De Caters, and Jean Joseph Pinson, as trustees of the Antwerp company, to take and hold lands, and to them Harrison conveyed the above tracts. Duponeeau and Bonaparte subse<|ueutly released a large tract and took a title of eighty-one thousand one hun- dred and eighty acres. The history of these transactions may be traced in the recorded conveyances.* James Le Ray, December 31, 1823, conveyed to his son Vincent all his lands in Jefferson County, and by a similar conveyance bis lands in Lewis county, for the benefit of his credi- tors. Duponeeau executed, July 16, 1825, to Jo.seph Bona- parte (who by an act of March 31, 1825, had been em- powered to hold landsj, a deed of all the rights he had ac<}uircd in the above conveyances. Bonaparte, by an in- strument dated July 14, 1832, made Joseph Rapliineau his attorney, to deed lands contracted by Joseph Buyer, his land-agent. In June, 1835, he sold to John La Farge, for eighty thousand dollars, all the interest of Count Survil- liers in huids in this and Lewis counties. It has been said with much probability, that Count Sur- villiers hastened to dispose of this estate, that he might be the better prepared to take advantage of any fortune which the revolutions of Europe might turn up ; and the political aspect of the continent at that time apparently favored the hopes of the Bonaparte family, who have but recentlyf re- gained the sceptre of France. The count first urged the sale upon Judge Boyer, his agent, and came within a few thousand doUai-s of closing a bargain. ^Mr. La Farge is said to have cleared a large profit in this purchase. In October, 1824, the Antwerp company appointed J. N. Rottiers, their agent, to receive and convey lands, and he was directed, by parties interested in claims, to commence a pro.seeution against Le Ray, which was done. The extreme depression in the price of land and cessation of sales which followed the completion of the Erie canal and the opening of the western states to emigration, operated disastrously to all parties who had based their plans upon expectation of receipts from land sales ; and although tlie estates of Mr. Le Ray were both extensive and valuable, he could not at that time encounter the combination of circumstances which bore so heavily upon all landholders throughout the northern counties, and he found himself compelled to a])ply for the benefit of the insolvent act, and to surrender his estates to liis son, in trust for his creditors. As a justification of his course, he published for distribution among his foreign creditors a slatcment,| in which he vindicated in a satisfac- tory manner the course he had ado])ted, and set forth the kind and quantity of property at his di.sposal to meet his liabilities. He had at that time the fdlluwing land.s in this State : ' Jeff. Deed.", rcc. November 7, l.fJ.^. f "*-^l- J .\ute do Trnn^mission, par M. Le Rny dc ChainiH'nt. n srm tils de ses |iro|irit't<'-s, etc., Jto. l'ari.«, p|). 711. In Franklin county 30,758 acres, valued at $22,500 " .St. Liiivroncc county.... 73,947 " " 106,000 " Jefferson " ....143,500 " " 574,000 " Lewis " ....100,000 " " 133,000 or his Jefferson lands, one-eighth were .subject to con- tracts of settlers, upon which were three grist-mills, three saw-mills, and various clearings, with buildings. At Le Raysville, were a grist-mill, store-houses, etc., valued at twenty-six tliousand dollars, and in Pennsylvania, Otsego county, and in France other properties of large amount. In closing up this business, a large amount of land was con- firmed to Vincent Le Ray, and the settlement of the affairs was so managed as to satisfy in full the claims of Ameri- can creditors. Our account of these transactions has been necessarily brief and imperfect, yet the attention we have given it has convinced us that there is nothing in the matter but that will bear the closest examination. ■ A considerable amount of the Antwerp company's lands, remaining in scattered parcels, was sold in 1828 by the agent to John La Farge, but this sale was subsequently set aside by the court of chancery, § and Feb. 15, 1836, 24,230 acres, being most of the remaining lands of the company, and situated in Theresa, Antwerp, Alexandria, and Orleans, were sold to Samuel Stocking, of Utica, and Norris M. Woodruff, of Watertown, for one dollar per acre. Wm. H. Harrison acted in the latter sale as the agent of the com- pany, and the tract has been nearly all sold off by Jason Clark, Esq., of Plessis, agent of the proprietors. Mr. La Farge, July 28, 1846, sold to Clias. L. Faverger, for $48,513, a tract embracing the two eastern ranges of lots in Antwerp, and one hundred and twenty-two lots in Diana, excepting parts previously conveyed, amounting to 48,513 acres, and a great portion has since been sold in large and small tracts to .settlers. There is at this time (1854) but a comparatively small part of great tract No. IV. in this county, but that is under cultivation, and held as freeholds by the occupants. Dr. John Binsse, of Pa- melia, is the present agent of La Farge. LANDS SOUTH OF BL.\CK RIVER. Wm. Constable, Dec. 18, 1702, conveyed to Samuel Ward, for .£1U0,0U0, 1,280,000 acres, it being the whole of Macomb's purchase, in Nos. V. and VI., out of which was excepted 25,000 acres sold to Wm. Inman, Samuel Ward, Dec. 20, 1792, convoyed to Thomas Boylston (of Boston) for £20,000, a tract commencing at the extreme southern angle of Lewis county, as now bounded ; running thence to the mouth of Salmon river, and along the lake to Black river, and up that stream to the north bounds of the present town of Lcyden, and thence to the place of beginning. The course of Black river was then supposed to be nearly direct, from the High Falls to the lake', and this tract w.is believed to contain about 400,000 acres, but when surveyed around by Wm. Cockburn & Son, 1794, it was found to include 817,- 155 acres! Ward also sold 210,000 acres to John Julius Angerstein, a wealthy uunrhant of Lnndon, which the lat- ter afterwards sold to Gov. .Inliii llrown, of Providence, R. I., and which has since been commonly called Brown's Tract, I Paige's Chancery Ki-porls, i., p. 571, where n rchearal i« declined. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 53 and is yet (185t) mostly a wilderness. He also sold 50,00(( and 25,000 acres to Win. Innian, who afterwards figured largelj' in the titles of Lewis county ;* witli the exception of G85,(tU0 acres thus conveyed to Boylston, Angerstein, and Inman, he reconveyed, Feb. 27, 1793, the renuiindcr to Toiistable. On May 21 , 17!)4, Buylston gave a deed of tru.st of eleven townships to George Lee, George Irving, and Thomas Latham, assignees of the firm of Lane, Son, and Fra.sor, of London, and they conveyed them to John Johnson Phyn, of that place (June 2, 1794), in whom, by sundry convey- ances and assurances in the law, the title became vested. April 10, 1795, Phyn appointed Wm. Constable his attor- ney to sell and convey any or all of the Boylston tract, who accordingly sold, July 15, 1795, to Nicholas Low, Wm. Henderson, Richard Harrison, and Josiah Ogden Hoffman, a tract of ;:i(ftl,()O0 acres, since known as the Black Rim- Tract. This purchase comprised Hounstield, Watertown, Rutland, Champion, Denmark, Henderson, Adams, Rod- man, Pinckney, Harrisbnrg, ami Lowville. On April 1, 179G, Phyn confirmed this title. The tract was lound by measurement to contain 290,376 acres, to make up which deficiency, Constable, in 1796, conveyed town No. 2 (Worth), excepting 948 acres in the southeast corner, which he reserved to himself. On the last-mentioned date, Phyn convey'ed to Constable 401,000 acres, being the remainder of the Boylston tract. The present town of Lorraine is in this conveyance. William Constable gave to his brother James a power of attorney to sell lands, March 16, 1798; and, to secure the confidence of Europeans and others in the validity of his title, he procured from Alexander Hamilton, Richard Har- rison, J. 0. Hoffman (attorney-general of the State), Dan- iel McKinnen, and other eminent lawyers a certificate that they had examined his conveyances and believed them per- fect. March 22, 1797, Constable conveyed to Marvel Ellis, of Troy, the town of Ellisburg, in accordance with an agree- ment dated April 11, 179G, except three thousand acres, conveyed March 17, 1797, to Robert Brown and Thomas Eddy, in the southwest corner of the town. This tract was long without a resident agent, and, from being settled by S(|uatters, it accpiired the unhallowed name of No God. In June, 1804, Brown and Eddy sold half of the tract to George Scriba, and the latter to William Boll. The re- mainder Wiis exchanged for a farm in New Jersey, by Lord Bolingbroke. Ellis' purchase, according to Medad Mitch- ell's survey of August, 1795, was 51,840 acres, but by a subsequent survey of B. Wright it covered 52,834 acres. A part of No. 10 (Sandy Creek) was conveyed Nov. 10, 179G, to Mrs. H. M. Colden, for the Earl of Selkirk. ElHs, on the day of his purchase, mortgaged it for the pay- ment, and in 1801 he became insolvent. In January, 1802, Constable filed a bill in chancery against Ellis and his creditors to foreclose for ecjuity of redein]ilion. On May 22, 1803, William Con.«table died, and his executors, James Constable, John McVickar, and Hezekiah B. Pierre- * Inman was tlie father of Henry Inman, the celebrnteJ arlist. pent, were advised that the title was perfected by the answer to the bill in chancery, but, to put all questions forever at rest, they deemed it advisable to proceed to fore- close. It was accordingly advertised, and sold, under the direction of Thomas Cooper, master in chancery, at the Tontine coffee-house. New York, March 1, 1804, to Dan- iel McCormick. March 2 the executors of Constable con- veyed the town to McCormick, and on the 3d the latter re- conveyed to the executors. April 20, 1819, a deed of re- lease from the heirs of William Constable was executed to II. B. Pierrepont. from whcmi the title of the unsold por- tions passed to his son, William C, who has in like manner acquired the title of Lorraine from Constable. The eleven towns were divided by ballot between the company, Aug. 5, 1796, Harrison & Hoffman receiving numbers 1, 4, 5, 8, and 10, or Ilounsfield, Champion, Denmark, Rodman, and Harrisburg, and 1283 acres of Constable's, No. 2 (Worth), which had been added to make up the amount purchased, and was used in "making change; " Low received 2. 7, and 11, or Watertown, Adams, and Lowville, with 1576 acres of the present town of Worth ; and Henderson 3, 6, and 9, or Rutland, Hender- son, and Pinckney, with 649 acres in Worth. These proprietors disposed of their towns as follows: No. I was sold, the north half to Henry Champion and Lemuel Storrs, June 30, 1797, and the .south part (15,913 acres) to Peter Kemble and Ezra Iloun.-field, fur §4000, JIarch 10, 1801, who have sold the most to actual eettlers, through the agency of E. Camp. The sales of the north part will be given in our account of that town. Numbers 2, 7, and II were sold by S. Stow, M. S. Jliller, and I. W. Bostwick, of Lowville, agents for Low. No. 3 was first partly con- veyed to actual settlers by A.sher Miller and Abel French, when the remaining interest of Henderson was conveyed to Dr. Isaac Bronson, of Greenfield, Connecticut, who gave its agency to his brother, Ethel Bronson, with whom it continued till his death, when it w;is transferred to George White, who completed the settlements with settlers. No. 4 was sold to Champion and Storrs (with the north half of 1), and by N. Hubbard and A. Lathrop. agents, it was sold to settlers. No. 6 began to .•icttlc under the same agents as 3. In 1806, Jesse Hopkins was ajipointed agent, and con- tinued about fifteen years. Certain lots aniountin<; to 5716 acres were sold to Isaac Bronson, June 10, 1807, for $10,003.44, and settled by the agents of the latter. No. 8 was settled for the proprietors by I. W. Bostwick, agent at Lowville. Harrison and Iloflnian continued tenants in common of 5, 8, and 10 until May 1, 1805. In July, 1809, an instrument was executed, securing certain inter- ests of Hoffman to Thomas L Ogden and Abijah Ham- mond, and January 5, 1810, Hoffman conveyed to Harri- son his interest in these towns. The gi-eater part of township 2 (Worth) fell to the share of Harrison and Hoffman. It was laid out by Medad Mitchell in 1095; and Dec. 23, 1797, these proprietors made a partition, and Harrison conveyed the north half to Hoffman, who, July 16, 1798. made a conveyance to Daniel McCormick and Charles Smith, in trust, to sell and convey and to keep the money till certain debts were paid. Several subsequent transfcre were made, which we have not deemed 54 HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YOliK. of sufficient public interest to trace. The title to the south part remained with Harrison for many years. Wright's remarks on the eleven towns. The boundaries of the Eleven Toions were surveyed by Benjamin Wright in April and May, 1796, and from his field-book, the original of which, received from Robert McDowell, Esq., is before us, the following interesting memoranda are quoted. These notes enabled the purchasers to estimate the relative value of the several townships, and formed the first accurate data possessed in relation to the country south of Black river. The remarks on tlie towns iQ Lewis county are omitted : 1. [Hcmnsficld.] This township is poorly watered nhjng the southerly line, but is very fine soil of land, and quite level. There is only one ewamp, which is near the three-mile stake [south side], and is a dead, marshy spot of thirty chains in width, and appears to extend north and south on the line for some distance. The timb^ is, near the lake, oak, hickory, chestnut, and some beech, maple, ash, birch, and ironwood. On the east line of this town there arc many small streams of very fine water. The land is descending westerly, and a very fine soil, except a large swamp near the four-mile tree, which is some marshy, and timbered with ash, hemlock, etc. There is some " exceedinj^ly good pine timber on this line. Theother timber is beech, maple, bass, elm, ash, ironwood, birch, etc. Pretty level, some gentle ascents and descents. Along the river there is an excellent body of pine timber of fine quality. The land along the river is handsome, but not more than four or five inches to a rocky, flat solid stone, which has large vacancies or seams, where you may find cracks in the rocks of ten feet to the bottom, and not more than four inches wide. Along (he bay, there is a pretty good country, except some marshes, where the streams come in. The shore in nmny places along the bay, is a perpendicular rock of twenty-five or thirty feet, and a very bold, deep shore, some flat, and almost all is very stony. Some marshes ahing the lake, near to the peninsula, and some small streams, which make a meadow or marsh, where they enter the hike. Contains 26,04S acres. 2. [Watertown.] Along the river there is some pretty gnud land, and some that is broken and rocky. The river is amazing rapid, and rocky; some fulls along the river which may be made good mill-scats, and some excellent pine timber along the river. On the east line is a fine country. Near the three-mile tree is a swamp of very fine aeh timber, which will make excellent meadow. There are some steep ascents and descents, which are all excellent soil. Timber— beech, maple, bass, elm, ash, birch, and some pine and ironwood ; near the river some oak and walnut. On the south line is maple, bass, ash, beech, birch, and elm. A very fine soil and pretty well watered with email streams, and some large ones. The west line is of a good quality. There arc some fine mill-seats in this town, which on the map arc marked "falls" and "rapids." To speak generally, I think this to be an excellent town:>hip, and scarce any poor land in it. Will settle very fu.st if laid in li>ts, and sold to settlers. Contains 2C,S04 acres. 3. [Rutland.] Along the river very rocky, and some good land ; very few streams emptying into the river. There is a fine mill stream and various mill-seuts, near the Black river, whore it falls into the river, a fall of six feet, very curious, indeed, for mills. Along the river there are two falls of fourteen and six feet, which, together with the rapiirch, etc., very fine soil, and j)retty level, .some swamps, but all good, and will make excellent meadow, and are tilled with valuable timber. The north line is a pretty level country, some gentle ascents and descents, and some oak, chestnut, hickory, ash, beech, maple, and pine on it. Along the Uungry bay there is a very handsome beach, and fine land the whole distance around, until you pass a peninsula, when the shore is a perpendicular rock, of from 30 to 80 and, in some places nearly ]00 feet. The land does not appear to be very good near these rocks, and no streams whatever. A cedar swamp lies along on the top of the bank for a considerable distance. After you are at Stony Point you will find the lake-shore of flat rocks, and the appearance of the country to be pretty good; some marshes and some cold hemlock land. Where the shore is not rocky, there are very large stones. The largest stream in this town is Stony creek, which has a pond about three miles up, of 400 acres, and a dead cranberry marsh around the pond. There are some fine mill- seats on Stony creek, below the pond, but none above. The marsh around the pund is very poor and very miry. To speak generally this is a pretty good town; has a good harbor. On the southwest part is Stony Creek bay. 7. [Adams.] This is a ver^' good town^^hip. On (he south line, it is a very fine country, and very handsomely timbered wiih maple, beech, bass, ash, elm, birch, and butterriul. Along the east line there is pine timber, and all the soil is fine ; the timber in general is maple, elm, bass, ash, beech, birch, ironwood, ami butternut. It is a pretty level country, some undulations, and some excellent swale land. On the north line there is very fine soil, and handsome timber of maple, bass, ash, beech, birch, elm, butternut, and ironwood. The prin- cipal streams are Stony creek and the north branch of Big Sandy creek. This branch is a large stream of one chain eighty links width in general, and has some very tine interval, and is almost all flat rock bottom. There are some appearances of mill-seats on tliis branch, and, I suppose, good ones, but I have seen nothing of that kind. Some fine springs of water are scattered over the town, and are of good quality. To speak generally, the town has every good quality. Mill-seats, springs of excellent water, pine, timber, limestone, clay, maple, beech, bass, ash, butternut, birch, ironwood, pine, oak, and cht'slnut timber, gentle ascents and descents, fine soil, black mould, and loam in general. 8. [Rodman.] The iiurth Hue of this town is a very fine soil, and in general pretty level; some hills and gentle ascents, all of which are very fine. It is timbered with maple, bass, ash, elm, beech, birch, butternut, and hemlock, which are near the banks of the streams. There is some pine on this line, but not a jilenty. On the east line there is a pretty good country, excepting it is much cut to pieces with the streams, all of which make large gulfs from forty to one hundred and fifty feet deep. On the south line is a pretty good country, finely watered with streams. The timber in general is maple, beech, bass, elm, hemlock, spruce, ash, birch, soft maple, and iron- wood. On the west tine there is tine laud, which is timbered as the rest. The north branch of Big Sandy creek passes through near the northwest part, and makes very fine intervals along its course. This is a fine mill stream, and has a suflieicnt quiintity of water for all seasons. There arc also other streams, which run through this town, on which are tine mil'-seats. Some pine timber, but not in abundance. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUxNTY, iNEW YORK. 55 These notes close with the following comparison of the liidbiiblc relative value of the several towns; Nil?. 1. 2, .'). 0, 7 arf very litllc to choose in point of quality ; 6 is best situated, but 7 is inogt excellent; 5 would be called best i)y those New England people, on account of the luxuriance of the soil on Deer creek; 2 is an exceeding good town, but is not so good as 7 ; 8 and 9 are very good towns; 10, the north part is exceedingly good; II, the west part is cxcelUnt ; 7 has the preference for quality anU situa- tion together, and fi for situation only of the whole ; No. 1 is well sit- uated, but I fear has not good mill-seats on it; 8 has excelUnt niill- se.Tts, and It also, but is some broken ; 10 is bad in the south line, and 9 also is cold .and lieuilocky. TITLE OF THE ISLANDS. The islands in the St. Lawrence and lake were included in the original contract* of Slaeonib with the State, June 22, 1791, but, from tlio uncertainty of the boundary, they were not patented till long after. Tlie claim of Macomb passed to Daniel McCormick, and was recognized by the commissioners of the Land Office, January 28, 1814, when they directed the surveyor-general to survey such islands as were clearly within the limits of the State at the ex- pense of the owner, and a release of dam;tge was to be granted should the lands so laid out hereafter be included in Canada, upon the running of the boundary. McCormick sold his interest to D. A. and T. L. Ogden, which was also sanctioned by the commissioners, M;iy 14, 1817. For run- ning the boundary agreed upon by the treaty of Ghent, General Peter B. Porter was appointed commissioner, and Samuel Hawkins agent for the United States, and John Ogilvie commissioner on the part of Great Britain, who met at St. Regis, and, after carefully ascertaining the line of 45° north lat., by a series of astronomical observations, proceeded thence in two parties, one to Lake Chaniplain and the other up the river. Li ISIS the latter had reached Ogden's island, and in 1819 their labor was completed. Patents were issued for the islands as follows : All the islands in the State, between a line drawn at right angles to the river, from the village of Jlorristown, and a meridian drawn through the western point of Grind- stone island, to Eiish;i Camp, February 15, 1823. These islands contained 15,402.9 acres, of which Grindstone island contained 5291, Wellesley i.sland SOUS, and Indian Hut island 3G9 acres, with .several smaller ones without names. Patents were also issued to Camp on the same diiy to Stony island, 1536 acres; Calf island, 34.8 acres; Little Galloo i.sland, 48.8 acres; the most of Galloo island, 2216.2 acres; and Willow i.sland, half an acre. A patent to the United States, for 30.75 and 5 acres on Galloo island, was issued December 11, 1819, and to Melanch- thon L. Woolsey, November- 3, 1823, for Gull's island, 6.5 acres, and Snake island, 1.4 acres. Cherry island, iu Chau- mont bay, 108.4 acres; Grenadier island, 1290 acres, and Fo.x island, 257.5 acres, were patented to Hezekiah B. Pierrepont and others October 1, 1824. 500 acres on the western part of Carlton island were p:itented to Charles Smyth, October 2, 1828."f' A partition deed was executed between Pierrepont and Joshua Waddiiigtoii and Thomas L. Ogden, November 10, 1S24, by wliii;h the former re- ceived Grenadier and Cherry islands. They were sold Feb- ruary 19, 1825, for seven thousand dollars, to William and Geriirdus Post, of New York. These islands had been oc cupied many years by s<|uatters, who with great reluctance yielded possession. Incidents, connected with surveys and titles, will be given in our account of the several towns, and, in their place, sketches of several of the characters who figured in these transactions. The jurisdiction of a p:irt of Galloo island was ceded by the legislature to the United States for a lighthouse, by an act of April 21, 1818; that of Tibbets point (about three acres), January 25, 1827 ; that of Horse island, April 26, 1831 ; and a part of Carlton island, June 21, 1853. In these cessions the State retains concurrent civil and criminal jurisdiction. CHAPTER V. CASTORLAND.: * Land Office Minutes, vol. ii. p. 192. "f See our account of Cape Vincent. Early French Sittlcmenls— Chassanis— lirunel — Journal of French Explorers in 17U3— Notes from the " t'astorland .Journal," 179J — First Mill at Carthage, 1795— Death of M. Pharoux— Earliest Set- tlements in the various Towns. On the 31st of August, 1792, William Constable, then in Paris, sold to Peter Chassanis, of that city, 630,000 acres of land south of great tract Number IV., and be- tween the Black river and a line near the 44° N. latitude. Cha.ssanis iti this purcha.se acted as agent for an association, and the lands were to be by him held in trust for Constable until paid for. The State reservations for roads, etc., were stipulated, and a deed for 625.000 acres h:iving been made out, was delivered to Rene Lambot, as an escrow to take effect on the payment of £52,0(10. The puichasers immedi:itely set to work to perfect a scheme of settlement, and in October, 1792, issued a pam- phlet embodying a programme of colonization, under the auspices of a company organized under the laws of France, by the name of Ln Compagnie dc New York. Like many transcendental schemes of modern times, it appeared very beautiful upon paper, and the untried experiment promised every advantage which a.ssociated capital and active indus- try could claim, or the most ardent hope promi.sc. Simon Desjardincs and Peter Pharoux were chosen from among the shareholders as commissioners in America. They lost no time in executing their mission, and leaving France July 7, 1793, arrived in just two months in New York, with the design of proceeding upon the tract to explore its boundaries, and take possession in the name of the com- pany. At Albany they met one of their countrymen, a political exile, who, although but twenty-four years of age, had already become known by his ingenious mechanical ccnstiuctions, and who bus since justly claimed to rank with Franklin, Brindley, Herschel, and Watt, by the bril- liancy of his inventive genius and his magnificent monu- ments of constructive art. This person was Mark Isanibart Brunei, since celebrated as the fouuder of the machine- shops of the Royal Navy Y;ird at Portsmouth, England, t For additional information, sic " History of Land Titles." unit. 56 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the builder of manrnificent railroad structures in England, and the engineer of the Thames tunnel. Brunei was pre- pared for any adventure, and accepted with eagerness the offer made him by the commissioners, not only of receiving him into their company, but of appointing him their cap- tain on this remote and diflBcult sen'ice. These three Frenchmen hired four natives of the country, making a party of seven men. They spent two months in the au- tumn of 179:i upon this service. In the spring of 1794 they returned, and commenced .improvement's upon tlieir tract. A journal wa.s kept by the party, which was carried by them to Paris. This journal, the most interesting portions of which relate to their labors at the High Falls and at Carthage, was found by Mr. William Appleton in a second- hand bookstore, in Paris, and purcluised by him for a tri- fling sum. A copy of the journal was placed by Mr. John Appleton in the library of the Massachusetts Historical Society, which has since been translated by Dr. F. B. Hough, of Lowville, New York, who expects to publish the same at some future time.* The following is an extract from the journal kept by one of this party in the fall of 1793, beginning during the voyage on Lake Ontario en route from Oswego to the mouth of Black river : « » e "To a.void parsing the niijht in the open lake an'l to gain the shore, wc. at a quarter before five, steered X. X. E. nearly in the direction of the upper highland, which we 'took to be that of Steu- ben.f according to ihc opinion of M. de Z-^ny, and directed our course towards a point which appeared to be the mouth of a creek, rowing hard until about seven o'clock. Luckily, the bright moon supplied the light of day ; but, when near the land, we saw a heavy eurf, which we feared would throw us upon a desolate shore and pre- vent us from finding the .lace more certain. After going a full mile wc availed ourselves of a place, not as shallow as the rest, to run the breakers and throw ourselves upon the shore of fine white sand ; and, there being no trees, we thought it must be the mouth of a creek. We sprang into the water to push the bateau up the bank beyond the reach of the waves. Having with some difficulty placed it in a safe place, we kindled a fire and went to explore the coast, while our men pitched the tent and gathered drift-wood for fuel. Wc had to climb a sand-hill, which appeared entirely formed b^' the winds, and, 00 reaching the top, wc were surprised to see on the other side a con- siderable sheet of water, and be.tond this the woods upon the true bank of the lake. The sand-hill was even steeper in the rear than towards *he lake, and appeared like those that form bayous along the sea-coast. It extended further than we could see towards the north, and south. We returned to the landing, and, having dried our cloth- ing before a fire of red cedar, which shed a most agreeable perfume, took fuppcr, and then resolved i)y the bright moonlight to follow the sand-hills in search of the mouth of Great or Little Sandy creeks, which the maps located near this place. But, nftcr going a lung dis- tance, we found nothing but the same banks of sand and the same sheet of water behind them. " /'nWay, Octither IS, 17'J3. — While our effects were being rcladcn and the bateau launched wc again sought to find the creeks marked on the map, and M. Desjardlncs, on going northward, came to the mouth of Little Sandy creek, which is only an opening in the sand- * This tract of country the French company named Cnttorland (Ibe name having reference to the abundance of beaver) ; and a town nameil Ctntt>ncillr, calculated to be the chief town of the colony, was laid out on the Beaver river, a few mites from its junction with Black river. ■f These elevated plateaus were the upper limestone terraces of JeflTeraon County. hills where the water within finds ap exit to the lake. It is not twenty tolses wide, and very shallow. We saw in the sand tracks of animals an 1 even of men. M. Pharoux, who went southward, saw only a continuation of the sand-hills, and, on climbing one, saw on the other side the water within and an Indian with his wife in a bark canoe; there were two dogs on the bank crying after them. Upon making signs to the Indian he came to the shore, but to the questions addressed to him in English and French he answered only in his own language. — which M. Pharoux could not understand, — at the same time pointing towards the njrth with his finger. We embarked at seven o'clock, ant, with a s )uth wind, coasted along to gain Point Traverse. At eight we observed an opening which we took to be that of the Great Sandy creek. The sand which forms the shore is very white quartz, and suitable for foundry-mouldings, the scouring of utensils, or the sharpening of cutlery. At half-past nine we sheered off from a puiut, and some breakers which indicated a reef of rocks, and steered northwest. The shore here changes its aspect, and instead of steep saml-hills the bank is low and finely timbered. The wind having arisen the waves also increased, and the bateau made rapid progress with the sail alone. The pilot, on nearing the dangerous passage, took so heavy a draught of rum that he knew not what he did, and steered directly towards the breakers. Upon this, M. Brunei seized both the helm and the pilot, when the major fell drunk at the bottom of the boat. M. Pharoux and Desjardines then tood each a corner of the sail^to hold it firm to the wind or relax it in moments of danger — to the great dismay of the men, who would have run the risk of being thrown upon the shore rather than of en- countering the open lake: yet this was our only safety, and the boat was sufficiently sound. M. Brunei sleered so skillfully that we did not ship a single wave ; but our main safety depended upon the mast, which bent with the force of the wind. One of our men was so fright- ened at the condition of affairs that he opened his knife to cut the halliards of the sail, but luckily was seen by M. Brunei, who, with- out letting go of the helm, gave hlra such a rap on the head with a hatchet that the fear of present danger overcame that of more distant peril, and he returned to duty. Had he succeeded we would have been lost, as there would have been no means of steerage, and we would have been dashed upon the rocks without a chance of safety. Our third boatman behaved a liltle better, as he was in the bow and the sail cut off his view of the danger, lie aided by watching for reefs and in notifying us of what he saw before him. llaving passed the reef of rocks we observed a small bay, at the head of which is a stream called by the English, 'Stony creek,' and on the French maps La Jiiciere de VAsHiuupiiuii. The wind being quite fresh we soon gained Point Traverse, but prudence would not allow us to turn too soon on account of the breakers. We continued on a mile in this course, and passed midway in the channel between the point and the Galloo islands. We had scarcely passed this treacherous point when the water became smooth, being sheltered from the winds by islands and the high land uf the point. We soon landed in a cove formed by the shore, half a mile within Point Traverse. We landed at noon> built a fire to dry our clothing, and drew our pilot from the boat where he lay asleep. He was surprised to find himself again on land and alive. Having thoroughly dried we begun business. Point Traverse being the beginning of the great bay called by the EngUsh * Hungry bay;* by the French, ' /t»ile tic AVf/.TMo/*;' and by the In- dians, * Xaioui-e.' M.M. Pharoux, Desjar lineS, and Brunei proceeded to locate the point 'A' on the map with compass, by taking the bearings of the Galloo (Galuup?) islands and the shores of the bay. Point Traverse is quite elcva'ed, and is composed of heavy masses of rock iu horizontal strata. From the point the shore is nearly direct for a long dtst.ince and of the saute appearance, resembling an im- mense wall, and quite high in some places. From the steepest part large masses of rock have fallen, and from among these evergreens have grown. The top of the bank bears also trees of the same kind ; and at the base of these natural walls the waves have worn cavities, leaving an infinite number of irregular pillars upon which the rock above seems to bo supported. 1 " Left at half-past one. The shore is steep as far as to point ' B,'^ and covered with evergreen-trees, the water being everywhere of good depth, allowing barks to como near the shore. We steered J Point de la Traverse was evidently Stony point, or the one next north in the western part of Henderson. ^ The map referred to is n »l given in the jimrnal. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 57 towards the point* ofthe pcnineula *C," which was covered with trees; but it seemed to us that the interior had been cleared, from the dry trees, and the sinaU Dumt>er that we saw. The isthmus of this ]icninsula was entirely bare of timber, and appeared only a beach of sand, across which the Canadian? usually drew their eanoes to avuid the risk and labor of passing; around the shure. This nArrow place hides from view a part of the shure of the hay. Fur- ther on it appeared that the clearings wore caused by the violence uf the win Is, which had uprooted the trees. We doubled the point ' C with the wind northwest, and by the help of oars passed the points 'K'and ' E,' landing at ' C ' and * E ' to take observations. We then walked along the beach, which was composed of a reddish granite, rounded, broken, and worn to the size of peas, forming a very pleasant view. We gathered on the shore some shcIU of fine color, of the mollusk kind. Having re-embarked, we rowed until half-past lour, and pass^ed some shoals covered with birds; but the sky becoming overcast we sought shelter at tlie point ' 0,' where we landed and pitched our tent. The shore from * K ' to ' E * is quite fteep, with coarse gravel at the base; but at * E * the landing is easy. The bottom of the shore is composed of hurizontal strata of lime- stone, and the outline here resembles a bowl. Our Innding-place being rather steep, and the wind increasing in the night, wc heard our bateau pounding upon the rocks, which led M. IJrunel and one of the men to gu and draw it into a little nuok which they found not far off. It was furtunate that we were awake, for by morning we should have found only the wreck of the Viatonu. *^ Sutitrdn^, October WK — We had promised ourselves to sleep this night on the banks of the Black river, but M. dc Z.'ny knew no more about the country than we did, and tlie maps were all so unre- liable that we resolved to follow the windings of the bay as the surest means of not passing it, while we could at the same time obtain an exact chart of the bay itself. ** We did not leave until half-past seven, on account of the rain, and then steered for the point ' L.' Finding that there was no river at the head of the bay, we proceeded towards * M,' where the shore was rather steep, and from thence towards 'X,' with the same kind of shore and a good landing. We coivstcd along from this point southeast, an 1, having ptissed it, founi ourselves in a wide chao- n.l, like the entrance of a great river. After advancing a mile, the passage was still wide and deep, and the shores lined with marshes. It then diminished in depth and width till we had but three feet of water, with a muddy bottom, and it was so narrow that we were convinced it could not be the olijeet of our search. We, however, landed at an Indian hut, as they frequent this place to hunt and fish ; but wc reached the shore with difficulty through the marshes nnd mud. " Our explorers returned, having found nothing but some billets of wood and brands of a fire before a bark hut They had also found a brook at the head of the wide entrance, and heard the noise of a fall which it made a little way up. We had great need of patience, and, embarking again at half-past nine, we reached the point ' P ' at ten. Tlie kind of false entrance which the English call 'Muddy river' justifies this title. We landed, gut breakfast, and rested. At eleven we starteil again, anro- duets of the lake, and send off their exports. The dryness of the soil jtromiscil salubrity, while the land rising in hills around the har- bor would display the city to aclvantage. On digging pits we found stone suitable for buibling and for lime; and clay is not distant for brick; but all those advantages arc ni>thing unless the passage is priicticable, because the coiiimcrcoof the lake re<|uircs keeled vessels, nnd if neoil be we must place it on the bay. or some of the natural coves, of which there are several. " HW««f/«y, October 23. — Early in the morning we decided that M. Pbaroux should start with one of the men, and some provisions, to follow up the Black river for a couple of days, in the hope of reach- ing the settlements of the Baron Steuben, which we believed to be thirty miles distant, or of finding some log houses, where the inhab- itants might give some information. In the mean time we were to examine the environs of our camp, and make preparations for return- ing. We accordingly made several excursions into the woods, while the men were busy in mending the boat, and in making a new mast and a large steering-paddle. M. Phamux left at seven o'clock, with Briton, one of the boatmen, loaded with three days' provisions, and nrnied with a gun, a hatchet, a flint and fleel, and blankets. At half- past seven he came to the great fall, as far up as we had been. and at eight he reached the head of the rapid. Beyon.l this, crossing a dry creek paved with flat rock, he went up the stream a quarter of an hour, and fouml the soil good, with young timber of lofty growth. The fall on the river was a succession of rapids. Saw a rapid pass- able by a boat, and a little above a fall, with the banks of rock from thirty-six to forty-two ft et above the water. At 8.20 another fall, and at 8.30 another, and then rapids. At 8.36 a fall of about ten feet, the bnnks here showing the debiix of great disturbances. At 8.45 a larger fall, in three sections, the middle one narrowed Vjy broken rocks, which broke up the current. At 9.0.5 a large and long fall. The gen- eral course of the river in ascending was eastward, but it is quite crooked in places. At 9.15 desctnded the rock in a convenient place, on the right of a fiill, where the sides arc less steep, the rock sloping umler the stream so as to give it greater swiftness, with a sheet, or cas- cade below. The gutters worn in the rock have also a cascade. The banks on our side are low, as nlso on the other, with masses of timber lodged by the waters. The easterly course has changed to the south- east. At 10.5 another fall, or violent rapid, with receding banks, and large masses of flat stone on the left, and a little further on the right the river turn? towards the southeast and then east. It then forms a succession of rapids, in the middle of which is a moss of rock. At 10.40 the river was about fiity toises wide, southeast turning east, and a small rapid. A fine stony beach, and pleasant basin of still water; at 10.45 a small stream of running water, and beds of overhanging rock. The laud low, with a fine vegetation. At 10.50 another beach. The river turns southeast, with moose-wood on the banks, and large maples, ash, oak, ancl walnut trees. The river is wide and rapid. At 11 a hill, then a valley, and low grounds, and a large stream with flat, rocky bed. A little beyond the current is stronger, and trees fallen in numbers. '* At 11.25 the river fine and wide. Soil good, but better on the right. Course S.S.E. Banks straight, rocky, and a hundred toises apart. "At 11.40 a wide rapid. Course east. The still water forms a little cove on each side. At 11.50 a great rapid, with rocky islets in the middle, uprooted trees, and heaps of sand on the shore, where it is overflowed in freshets. At noon wc saw a great cascade in tho distance, broken rock, forming an island, through which the water flows. The smaller channel on the right,* a rocky cliff on the left, and narrowing of the river above, where it turns to the northeast. how ground on the right and high on the left. Two ravines, with bnnks, then another ravine, obstructed with masses of trees. At 12.50 tho great cascade, of which the torrent is on tho left side, with a brunch on the right, and a large rocky island, covered with pines. Land low on the right, but sttep at the bottom of the fail, and high on the loft. The cascade forms a cloud of mist. At 1 we gained tho head of the fall, where the swift water announces the upper falls. At 1.15 the river turns, i\nd the land is steep on our side. Course cast, turning southeast, the land forming a very high hill, and the vegeta- tion fine. At 1.25 the stream is parted by an island, with two falls at tho head. Tho rocks are much broken and fissured on our side. A little ab'ive, a grout fall of ten feet, with a little bar at the side of the island. At l..i4, the branches of the river very swift, and the course east, turning southeast. A large and fine island ; land good and low, with a fine vegetation. At the end of the island is another cascjide, stronger and higher on the right than on the leit. '* At 2 o'clock, about a hundred steps above another island, cov- ered with trees, the largest channel being on our side; soil good and low. Dined hero. Before reaching the other end of the island a long she* t of water. At 2.46 a large fall and rapid, with two flat masses « The falls at AVatcrtown. HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 59 of rock. At 3 a rapid fall ; course cast, nnd the point of the island not yet in sight. Observed another branch towards the north, and this meeting of the waters forms a j^rcat uproar and disturbanee. The land beyond this junction appears low, with no more rock. The other brunch has a northea^^t course, and what I took for a river is only a email branch of ISlack river. Soil good upon bolh sides and on the island, to which one nn<;ht p:i8s from rock to rock, across the little branch. Beyond this the river becomes smooth. At 3.46 turned along the branch, which has n course aluiost north. A light rapid be- yond the first island. The river is wide ami the lami on both sides low. with a fine vegttation. At half-paf*t five, the river still smooth. Made a fire. Took a light su|>pcrand slept iu my blanket. It froze during (he night. This place is very fine. " Thni-Hidiy, Ortoher 25. — Uesumcd labors at half-past seven, fol- lowing the left bank of Black river, which still continues about as wide us the Seine at Point lloyal, the water (lowing very quietly. The land is low and the soil gtjoil on both side-?. More rocks and strong vegetation. At 7.35 three large trees, cut with an axe, and in- dications of a fire lately made. Course of the river northeast. At 7Aii a small island, with trees piled up by the current at the upper point. Another smaller island, the larger branch on our side. A dry creek aud good land along its course. At 8 a little island on the right. At 8.15 a wooded island on the right side, and at S.:iU a largo wooded island, the larger branch on the left. A little further, a dry ercek, with the adjoining hinds a little elevateil. It runs in at the wider branch. Course of the river more easterly. Ascended the creek, which has a northeasterly course, in a line of water and swamjis. At 8.55 the river narrows, and high lands are met. Heard the noise of another fall. The river flows over flat rock; course northeast. At 9.30 the channel narrows, with the same kind of banks of rock. •'Started at 9.55, after breakfast. At 10 a very strong rapid. Stony on the right and broken rock on the left. At lU.IO another rapid: turns east. At 10.20 a rocky bank and sheets of rock on the left, torn up by the torrent, which here bends towards the south, and then to thee.ist. At 10.25 another rapid, announcing a fall. At 10.35 a large fall. Course northeast. Banks quite high. At 10.45 another fall on the left. For the space of 3U0 toises it is rapid, and other falls arc heard. I went no further than to get a view of the fall in the distance. I then directed my course towards the northwest, through the woods. The most of these lands are level, with some swamps. I observed trees cut with an axe. At the right of the great fall the land is more broken, with the banks- and roeks covered with evergreen- trees. Supped aud slept before a rousing fire, near the great falls, ^■ and about ten miles from camp. •' FfiUtiif, Ottohcr 20. — Started at half-past six with Briton. The road was terribly rough over the rocks and among the junipers and hemlocks. Arrived at the tent at half-past nine. We had begun to be uneasy about ()ur explorers, aud, finding ourselves together aud everything ready for a start, we tctok breakfast and set out at eleven. Passed again the basin suitable for the site of a city. Passed with difheulty the rapid which separates the two basins. The island is on our side. Arrived at the entrance, and the wintl proved so contrary that we were forced to lay by among the rocks of a little peninsula which the river there forms. It came on to rain heavily, and we re- gretted our nook among the rocks, where wo had been so well shel- tered. Pitched our tent among the red cedars. The rain having slackened, wo penetrated with some difficulty among the rocks and fallen trees till we came to the other side of the peninsula, where we found quite a large hollow, doubtless the remains of a bay, filled in by the dt'bris of the river and lake, piled into this nook by the north- west winds. There was also an enormous mass of trees, forming a barrier which closed up the valley, and they wore scattered along from the peninsula to another point, about a mile distant. M. Brunei crossed it in going to a tree on the other side. These fallen trees were covered with blaekbiroint of departure. We saw, from this place in the hay, some flocks of herons, white as snow, ranged iu a line along the shoals, and busily engaged in fishing. We also saw some sttuks, wild geese, and ducks of several kinds. This bay, being well stocked with fish and full of shoals, is attractive lo aijuatic birds. We returned along the beach to our camp, thus making the tour of our little penin- sula, and disc»)vering that the Black river, instead of entering directly into the bay, flows along the shore about a mile, kept in bounds by ® At these falls Pharoux was afterwards drowned. shoals, and makes a carve in reaching the middle of the bay. In the bright sunlight the dark color of the river flowing through the bay enabled us to trace its course for some distance out. Meanwhile, since M. do Zeny was urging our return, we decided, instead of ex- ploring the passage, to improve the little time we had by steering across the shoals t<» reach the shore on our own territory. We had had since morning a dry, electrical fog, which, as M. de Zeny in- formed us, indicated frosty weather with certainty; and, if we did not wish tu winter in Canada, we must hasten to return, lest the ice should close the passage against our boat. Not knowing the country, we were cautious, and resolved to set out on our return to-morrow, with as little delay as possible." NOTES FROM TUE '* CASTORLAND JOURX.\L." The first account on record of the appearance of the Black river at Carthage is *^iven in the " Castorland Jour- nal, " under date of July "IX^ 1794: *' Muinftti/, Jii/t/ 21, 1794. — After finishing the translation of Mr. Webster's Field Book, I set out to visit the head of the falls, at 10,28, taking two men along, ami two days' provisions in the canoe. I ar- rived at the head of the falls at about twenty minutes past one. The river is here quite wide, but sotnewhat encroached upon by rocks of a reddish color on the right bank. The river above the head of the falls forms a great basin, which narrows at once at the place where the rocks first appear. The falls are, from first to last, only a kind of rapid, with a slope of about two feet [in a chain], with rock on bolh sides and iu the middle. At this place the current divides into two branches, aud forms an island in the middle. The falls then enlarge into a vast basin, sprinkled with an immense number of rucks and rocky islets, the soil of which is strong, and covered with evergreen- trees. The basin has a wide contour, with a direction, at first, towards the north, and then to the west. The whole appears to be inundated at time of high water, from above, and the overflowing waters find passages and form currents in low places, where the channels are now dry. The surface is very unequal, cut up and broken with granite rock, and covered with cedars and hemlocks. "I spent two hours in going around the basin, which has every- where rapids, aud then came to still water, un the borders of a great plain covereil with hemlocks. On a biink which rises above this plain we saw many traces of Indian habitations. The river has a north- northwest course from the foot of the falls, aud then bears to the north. At the place where the Indians had encamped we had a very fine view of the islands in the rapids, and the course of the still water below. The islands of the Ijong Falls are innumerable, and at a single point of view it is impossible to form a correct idea of the basin. . . . The rock in which it is worn is a reddish granite, striking fire with steel, and with strata highly inclined. A pocket- compass on being placed on them was attracted. "From the basin I walked along the river for about an hour; the water all the way still; but a little beyond I came to a fall of some two feet, which it would be possible to run down in a canoe. It is formed by a ridge of rock, that retains the water, and one might here pass by fording, following the line of rocks. The river here turns towards the north. Went still about half an hour's walk fur- ther to observe the direction, and found that it turns northwest, the water being still for quite a long distance. I judged from the ap- pearance of the highlands in the distance that we could not be far from the furtherest point I had reached the year before, and it may be that this is the still water I had seen above the lower rapids. "Set out for camp. Saw a good place to run the road in the hemlock plain ; but the soil is very poor. We had to cross several places that had been overflowed, and channels, now dry, which tne floods have worn. The wood is principally whit-- cedar. Arrived at night, much fatigued, at the head of the Long Falls, hut found neither tent nor fire prepared by little .Jacques, whom I had left for this service. I had great difiiculty in starting a fire. The weather was clear, and the north wind made the night very cold. I slept in an Indian hut. near which I found the skeleton of a beaver,'* The first map of the river at Carthage was drawn by Simon Desjardincs, who thus describes his adventures : " }\'cdnc9tiat/, Aut/utt 6. — Oil the Sttrvey. — Spent the day in drawing plans of the falls and rapids, passing across the rocks, the falls, aud 60 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the rnpid?: und nftcr slipping, am! tumbling into the water, my legs were blistered. The nperulion was continued until nightfall. Found, hut nut withiiut diflii'uU\. a place to recross (o our side, anil fullowt'd the road along Ihu (alls in the tlaik to reach eanip, when, happily, at midway, we met them coming to seek us, hy the light of fat pine torchc?. There only remains to draw the sides at some places, and the point of the island above. I couM hardly sleep, from fatigue, and the pain endured from my blistered legs." The French surve^'ors of 1794 encountered great trouble front imUiiiy, desertion, sickness, and death. Tlie following account of tiiese miseries is from the " Ciu^torlatid Journal :" " Wediietidfiif, Sept. 10. — Continued my route, and arrivid at ten o'clock at the camp above the Long Falls, where I found Mr. Frcy, the surveyors, and all the men but four, declaring their intention of abandoning u?, under the pretext of sickness or unwillingness to re- main. Mr. Cantinc's party had arrived, having left behind and abandoned three men sick with a bloody flux. I went at once to the place with Mr. Broadhcad, and we brought them in upon a kind of litter. The men and surveyors had for three days been doing nothing, and I charged Mr. Webster with both falsehood and idleness, as he bad done nothing since the 2Sth of August. I blamed bim for having left me ignorant of the alleged sickness of bis men, who bad, however, been well enough to devour their provisions in advance, and I required of Mr. Frey a certificate that his hired men had left before the completion of Ihiir work, which he signed in the presence of Mr. Broadbead, who also signed it as a witness. The result of this mutiny was that all the men, on the demand of Mr. Webster for three days' provisidns, left us together in the evening. I refused the canoe to Mr. Webster and paid him nothing, but agreed to settle with him on the return of M. Desjardines, and, for the«xpenses of his journey, came to an agreement that it should be decided by Mr. Dc Witt. I went with Mr. Frcy to the camp above the falls, to prevent them from taking the canoes and provisions from that pbice, and, after passing all the men over to the other side of the river, we returned at night by the light of a flambeau, made of hickory bark. At midway we met a light that Mr. Broadhead was bringing to direct our course. He informed us of the death of little Vanvcrkell, one of our men, who had died from the bloody flux, his comrades having given him, after the American fashion, rum, with an infusion of astringent roots. I regretted this the more as this young and excellent boy bud been as docile as the others were bad. We learned that Lindsay and M'arren were staying with the corpse, and watching with Ward, another man who was also sick with the flux. " TliHiHdityy Srjtt. 11. — Directed a grave to be dug for the corpse, and sent Mr. Frey with the canoe to bring it ; but, instead of return- ing, he sent one of his men to inform mc that he was going to bury the body on the spot, and take care of Ward, to bring him to camp. "M. G. Desjardines and I watched with Mr. Cantine. who is a little better. This disease, which was greatly aggravated by fear and by discouragement from desertions, is but little dangerous when the sick are treated rationally, and made to drink freely of ice-water, but it is fatal if they persist in clriiiking rum, and especially if they continue to cat salt pork, which is the principal, if not the only food they can get in the woods. " This disease every year takes ofl" a great many Americans in the new settlements, nnd it is regardcil as an epidemic on account of its fearful ravages. " Friduy, Svftteiiihcr 12. — Messrs. Frej' and Broadhead brought in the sick man Ward. Warren, one of our men, declares himself at- tacked. All the men remaining with us engage to stay until the end of our operations. Agreed with Mr, Frey that we should take the sick up to the High Falls, and that in the mean time three men should slay in camp, under the direction of M. G. Desjardines, and spend their time in washing and mending as well their own clothes as (hose that belonged to the men who went with us." The Castorland agents began the first uiill at Carthage late in the summer of 1795, and the following extracts from their jimnial will show tlu- early stops of their enterprise : ".Vinif/'iy, Auyntt^. — . . . Started at seven o'clock, after rc-em- bnrking our things, which had been sheltered from the rain by our tent and two tarpaulins. The great new canoo takes in much water, nnd will need to be calked. Arrived at the Long Falls at eleven o'clock; landed our things, and arranged our tent, with the tarpau- lins on the upper side. In the mean time M. Pharoux and the first carpenter went to select a site for the mill. As the water was very low this year, and as we bail found all ihe little streams dry on our route, we apprehended that there would not be found water enough at the place we had selected, but wc found there more than enough, and the location is very fine. Below this there is another place very good for a corn-mill. The cost of sluices will be a small item, the rock cimiing up in very fragile masses, so that the excavation of the canal will be easy. " Alter dinner we continued t(j arrange our camp. Went fishing, and found ourselves quite as much at ease as we could expect to bo in the woods. " Mtmdny, Atii/iiift 10. — Sent back Cross and Robinson in the canoe to get provisions at the High Falls, and with them was sent a letter, informing M. Desjardines of our operations. Had some trees cut down and cleared a place for the lug-house at the mill. Placed and leveled the foundation logs of the house. The great number of large trees, the roughness of the ground, which is encumbered with rock, the want of cattle, and the scanty supply of help occasioned many delays. Nature has indicated the ])lace for a supply canal. We only want some powder and a couple of men who are accustomed to work in mines. The surface indicates that the rock will be easy to raise. ** Tt(€Hdn}j, AiKjiiKt II. — Repaired the old oven below the fulls and baked in it. The waters at Meridian Rock are at the same level as last year. At the landing they are not quite as high as at the foot of the oven, so that we may here construct what will serve as a land- ing for all who may come from below. We have leveled an excelUnt spring, which may be easily brought to the mill-house. Our work- men have labored well, and all the beams are hewed. " Tkursdai/, August Vi. — They have entirely finished flooring the log house. In the evening M. Tassart arrived in the large canue, and brought us three letters that Mr. Broadhead bad sent : one from M. Pharoux's father, one from M. Tardif, master-mason in St. Domingo, who seeks employment from us, and the third from Mr. Constable. This letter promised us no more satisfaction from him than we had got from his agents and associates. An hour after tliis Cross arrived with the two Indians, bringing with biui the cattle, which had met with no accident. " Friday, AnynHt 14. — After breakfast they yoked the cattle to draw logs, and took advantage of so many men being together to raise the building. The cable and pulleys which we have received are not of much use. In the evening saw a water-snake . . . with its head out of water, holding a fish in its mouth. Saw also a largo green adder four feet long. In the afternoon, the fire of the clearing having gained around the log house, the time required in checking it prevented us from finishing it. It now wants but two courses of logs. *' Sdliirdfti/, AinjuHt \b. — After breakfast MM. Pharoux and Tas- sart with a sujiply of provisions set out iu a canoe for the High Falls. M. Pharoux wished to show on the way to M. Tassart the portion of land which commissioners had indicated to M. Olive for his -IltoO acres, as the most advantageous of the 2l>,000 acres from which ho was to select, according to his agreement. . . . Finished raising the log house, which will bo covered with bark by the Indians on the return of M. Pharoux. The two carpenters have worked upon the frame of the roof, while I have caused to be transported all tlie things at the camp to the log house, whore we are now settled. We all slept this night in our new camp. " Muiidiii/, Aiii/itHt 17. — Kmployed the men in cutting bushes and felling trees between the house and the river along the falls, and in helping the carpenters raise the last logs and joists. There are now only the rafters to jmt up. " \Vvihu:Hdtiy, Awjitxt I'J. — Tliey j)Iaeed the rafters on Ihe !(»g house, and made the oxen owder and fired, with but little cff"ect. Two men have continued at work on the canal, which docs not advance notwithstanding the labor bestowed, ami 1 despair of being able to finish it this year. ... At six o'clock in the evening we were visited by an OHirrijntihU Indian and his two children. Ho had been three days on the way, and was going to hunt on the IJoyls- ton side. As he was going up in the morning I sent a letter by him to my brother. This Indian could speak a little French. ''Sunday, October 1\. — Rest for our men. In the morning I had the spectacle of an Indian hunt, and of their management of bark cnnoes, in which they ascend the rapids with a wonderful facility. The In- dian and his oldest boy killi>d two bucks on a little islan I in front of our house. They had seen four of these animals struggling against the rapids, which had drawn them down the falls, and the other two escaped by going from i-dand to isbiml. The Indian, in return for our g'lod reception, j>resen"o;i us wiih half of a deer, and tlun went oft" after breakfast. " Monday, October 12. — Found mysi Ifshort of provisions, and, as I have received no news from my brother, I have decided to send to him three of our men to lessen the number of mouths, and to bring down provisions if we are to remain here, or two canoes if we are ordered to return. They set out at two o'clock. Had the charcoal drawn. Dixon and Peck fHleil and squared timber. Our supply of charcoal will not be sufficient for next year. Killed two snakes, striped yellow and black, with the belly white; these reptiles are not venomous. Noticed a beetle that was green, black, and bronze colored ; it carried on its belly a swarm of little ones as large as rape- seed, resembling little spiders, with long legs. " Tiietfdfiy, October 13. — Tlie cattle could not be found until ten o'clock. I thou continued to have the coal drawn in, and finally suc- ceeded in getting it all under cover before it rained. , . . " Thumduy, October \b. — ... A Storm that has uprooted many trees. I had previously caused one to be cut down that would have crushed the house in its fall. " Friday, October 16. — Continued our labors. Had still more trees cut down near us. The smith forged some axes. ... I am uneasy about the return of our men ; but Anally I saw them arrive at four o'clock, with some flour and the half of a pig. They had taken but ten hours to come down from the High Falls, although it had required two days to ascend the forty-five miles. They brought me my brother's letter. Observed some flocks of little birds, with, the back and upper side of the wings, like the throat, light brown, and belly white. They came from the north, and announced to us that the cold weather is at hand. They were about as large as sparrows. " Saturday, October 17. — The river is higher than it has been before this season. It comes a little into our canal. My brother had in- structed me to arrange all the timber before coming to rejoin him with my men and cattle. I therefore had the oxen got up to draw the pieces together and aid in piling them. The wood will be dry and better to use next year. I secured all the pieces. " The rain coming on, they made oars ami tool-handles. The smith has repaired some axes and forge I two pieces to fasten on our large canoe, to strengthen the two emls. ... In the evening it snowed. " Suiidoy, October 18. — The river is slill rising : hlled the upper part of the canal. We had a very brilliant aurora borealis lust night. " This morning the snow was two inches dee[) on the ground. Our men were alarmed at this bad weather, and our hired men went the more willingly to look for the cattle. I will send them by land, and the rest will go up the river by canoe. Our workmen brought me a thorn branch, with red fruit as large as a fine cherry, and very good to eat. The thorns are very long, and they would make a very good hedge. The flower is very fragrant. " Mouday, October^9. — Sent our men to hunt f»)r the cattle, but they were not able to find them. As our provisions are getting short, I have sent five men in the large canoe, with a letter to my brother inclosing an inventory of the things that I had placed in their charge. I asked that Baptiste should bring the dog to aiil in finding the trace of our cattle, which the overflow of the meadows had driven into the interior. . . . As the weather is barl, and all the low grounds are over- flowed, we have been prevented from looking for the cattle. This casualty has delayed our departure, which my brother believed was nearer, and, accordingly, he sent only the provisions necessary for a speedy return. I had some plum-tree plants embarked for the High Falls. " Tneidny, October 20. — Dixon made some cogs for wheels. True- man dug a little ditch to bring a spring down. I gave the proper slope for his canal, so that on the melting of the snows the waters that are brought in it cannot reach the co;il-house, at the foot of which 6-1 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. this ditch woulil naturally pass. I then had it dug between the house and the mill rncc. It is seven days siuec we have seen our cuttle. In the afternoon the car}ienter and Truciunn cut down f^onie wliile oaks, and 8upervisors — Court-Uouse and Jail — l*oor-IIouse and Asylums. In tracing the history of the habilitation of a county with the {lowers of local self-government, some account of the .source whence, or power by which, that sovereignty has pro- ceeded is necessary for a full understanding of the subject. The beginning, therefore, of such a history of Jefferson County is made at the transfer of the power of the Dutch colonists in New Amsterdam (New Y^ork), in 1GG4, to the English over the Dutch possessions in that region and sur- rounding country. The articles of eapitulatioti of the Dutch were drawn up and subscribed in the governor's Bowiry, August 27 (0. S.), 16tJ4. Of the twenty-three articles in the document, twenty of them were guaranties of the civil and political rights of the capitulators, — one guarantied freedom for the the exercise of their religious worship, one saved their mil- itary honor, and one looked to the regaining of their lost supremacy. This important State paper was signed by the following representatives of the contracting powers: For the Dutch. — John De Decker, Nich. Verleet, Sam. Megapolensis, Cornelius Stcenwick, Oloffe Stevens Van Kortlant, James Cousseau. For the English. — Robert Carr, Geo. Carteret, Jno. Winthrop, Sam. Willys, Thomas Clarke, John Piuchon. The governor assented to the arti- cles, and signed his assent, "Richard Nicolls."* This convention passed the authority and power of gov- ernment of the Dutch colonies in America to the king of Great Britain, who appointed his Royal Highness, the Duke of York, lord proprietor of the province, the name of which was changed from New Amsterdam to New York, the settlement on the Hudson river, called New Orange, receiving the name of Albany at the same time. The duke appointed a governor and council, and gave the colo- nists the right to elect representatives from among the free- holders of the colony and freemen of the corporations to meet as a general assembly, to make laws for the govern- ment of the province, subject to the approval of the gov- ernor and council, and the confirmation of the duke himself and the king. The first assembly, being the first legisla- tive body that ever assembled in what was afterwards the State of New York, met in October, 1G83, — Thomas Dungan being governor and M. Nicolls speaker of the assembly. The assembly, on the 2Gth of October, drew up a charter of liberties and privileges granted the colonists by his Royal Highness, wherein they stipulated so liberally in their own behalf, that although the charter was approved by the governor and council (October 30), it probably was repealed by the duke or crown, as no record of its confirmation has been discovered. However, the provisions in the same, not conflicting with the grant to the duke, were retained, » Smith's History of New York. HISTORY OF JEFFKRSON COUNTY, NKW YORK. 65 and llic goverDnient administered accordingly. The pre- amble and firet two clauses of the charter are as follows, verlxilim et llterniim :* " For the better establishing the Government of this province of New York, and thatt Justice and Right may boe equally done to all persons within the same: Jin- it en- acted by the Governor, Counceli and Representatives, now in Gen'all As.seiubly mett and assembled, and by the author- ity of the same — Thatt the Supreme Legislative Authority under His Majesty and Royall Highiic.s.se, James, Duke of Yorke, Albany &c, Lord Proprietor of the said province, shall forever bee and reside In a Governour, CounceJl and the people, mett in Gene'all A.ssembly. That the exer- cise of (he chiefc magistracy and administration of the government over the .said province, shall bo in the said Governour, assisted by the counceli, with whose advice and consent, or with att least four of them, hee is to rule and govern the .same according to the laws thereof." The assenibl}' was to be convened once in every three years, at lea.st, and "every freeholder in the province, and freeman in the corporations," had the right to vote for the representatives, a majority of which votes were to govern. This first a.ssembly was composed of si.xteen representatives; two of the counties into which the province was divided for the purpose of such representation, viz., Dukes and Cornwall, never sending any representatives, but were enti- tled to .send one each. On November 1, 1683, the assembly divided the prov- ince into twelve counties, naifielj', city and county of New York, Westchester, Ulster, Albany, "Dii /chesses,'' Orange, Richmond, King's, Queen's, Suffolk, Dukes, and Cornwall. Albany county, which included the territory now form- ing the area of Jefferson County, was bounded thus: "To conteync the towne of Albany, the Colony of Renslaerswyck, Sthonecteda, and all the villages, neighborhoods, and Chris- tian habitacons on the East side of Hudson's River from Roeleffe Jansen's Creeke, and on the west from Sawyer's Creeke to the Sarraaghtoga." This assembly proct>edcd to legislate for the colonists for a time, but its acts were never nitified and confirmed by the duke of York or the king, and therefore the second assembly, which met in 1G91, declared the legislation had under the first assembly, and the ordinances of the gov- ernors and council, null and void,"!" and proceeded to draw up another charter of liberties and privileges similar to the first one, and which was repealed by the Crown in Sep- tember, ItJUT. The assembly redividcil the province into the same number of and named counties, with the .^ame boundaries. This assembly was composed of twenty-one members, two of whom failed to attend, and two others, being Quakers, from Queen's county, refused to sicear to the oath of office, and were dismissed and two others elected, — one of whom, John Tradwell, was arrested by the undcr-sherifli' of the city of New York on his arrival to attend the assembly, which act was resented in vigorous terms by the assembly, which ordered the under-sherifiF arrested and brought be- * Smith's History of Now York. f Journal of Colonial .Assembly. fore that body for contempt, and ordered Tradwell to at- tend the service of the hou.se immediately. Upon the appearance of the member and officer the assembly went into an examination of the cause of Tradwell s commit- ment, when the developments were so unwholesome the assembly^ resolved they could not have him among them as a member, but ordered him discharged from his com- mitment on payment of costs, as his coming to the city on his majesty's writ privileged him from arrest. They ordered a new election in Queen's county, and John Rob- inson was returned and took his seat in the assembly. The government at this date was composed as follcjws : Henry Sloughter, Esq., governor and commander-in-chief; Joseph Dudley, Frederick Phillipse, Stephen Cortlandt, Chidley Brook, and Gabriel Monville, council; and the following-named as.semblymen : city and county of New York, James Graham (speaker), William ]Merrett, Jacobus Van Cortlaudt, Johannis Kipp ; city and county of Albany, Dirck Wessells and Levinus Van Schaick; Ulster and Dutchess, Heniicus Beekman, William Demiere; West- chester, John Pell; Richmond, Elias Duksberry, Joha Dally; Suffolk, Henry Pierson, Mathew Howell; Queen's, Daniel Whitehead. John Robinson; King's, Nicholas Still- well, John Poland; Manor of Rensselaer Wyck, Killian Van Rensselaer.]; Notwithstanding the repeal of the charter of liberties, the as.sembly remained intact, and continued to legislate for the government and benefit of the colonists until the Revolution, or at least until 1773, to which year the last- published journal of its proceedings reaches and includes. On March 12, 1772, the assembly erected a new county from a portion of Albany, and named it Tryon, in honor of the governor of the province at the time. On March 24, 1772, the assembly divided Tryon county into five dis- tricts, the eastern one being called the Mohawk district, the southwestern one Kingsland, the northwestern one, north of the Mohawk, Gorman Flats, the centre one, north of the Mohawk, Stone Arabia, and the centre one, south of the Mohawk, was called Canajoharie district. The first election was to be held in May, 1772, on the first Tuesday of the mouth, whereat the freeholders were to elect one su- pervisor, two assessors, one collector, two overseers of the poor, two constables, two fonce-viewers, and one clerk in each di.strict, who were to have the same powers a-s the same officials had elsewhere in the province. The Mohawk district was bounded on the east by the west boundary of Schenectady district in Albany county, on the west by a north and south line drawn from the pass in the mountains called " Anthony's nose," continued to the north and south bounds of the county, on the south by the south boundary of the colony and the county of Albany, and on the north by the bounds of the province. Stone Arabia lay next west of the Mohawk district, north of the Mohawk river, the west line being a line drawn north from the Little falls of that river to the north bounds of the province, and Canajoharie district was the corre.«ponding one south of the Mohawk. (icrnian Flats was the ni>rthwestern district, bounded west and north by the boundary of the province J Journal of ihc Colonial Assembly. 66 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. in those directions, and Kinirsknd, the southwestern one, was similarly bounded south and west. On March 8, 1773, the name of Stone Arabia was changed to Palatine, and German Flats and Kins March 28, 1803. " 1. lie it enacted hy the people of the State uf Sew Yurie, repre- teiited i» Senate and AHgemhh/^ That all that part of the county of Onouia contained within the following boiind!*, to wit, Beginning at the fjouthwcst corner of the town of Ellisliurg on the castcrlv shore of Lake Ontario, and running along the southerly line of said town ; thence along the eai^terly line thereof to the southwest corner of the town of Malta; thunce along the southerly line of said town of Malta, and continuing the same course to the coiner of townships number two, three, .«even, and eight; thence nortli along the east line of the town of Malta aforesaid to the northeast corner thereof; thence in a direct line to the corners of the towns of Kutlaml and Cham- pion : (hence ali>ng the line between the said town of Champion and the town of Harrisburgh, to Black river; thence in a direct line to the bounds of the county of St. Lawrence tu inter>cct the same at the corner of townships numbers seven and elevrn in Great Tract number three, of Macomb's purchase; thence along the westerly bounds of the said county- of St. Lawrence to the north boumls of this 8talo ; thence westerly and southerly along said bounds, including ' all the islands in the river St. Lawrence, in Lake Ontario, and in \ front thereof, and within this State, to tlie*]>lace of beginning, shall be, and hereby is erected into a separate counry, and shall be called and known by the name of Jf.ffkkson. '* 2. And he it further enacted, That all that ]»art cif the said county of Oneida contained within the following bounds, to wit, Beginning at the southeast corner of the county of Jefferson aforesaid : thence southerly along the westerly line of the town of Turin to the south- * Hough's History of Jefferson County. weet corner thereof; thence easterly along the south line of said town to the southeast corner thereof; thence north Bi,\ty-two degrees east along the southerly line of the tract of land known by the name of Macomb's purchase to the line of the county of Herkimer; thence north along the suid last-mentioned line to the bounds of the county of St. Lawrence; thence along the southwesterly line of said last- mentioned county to the line of the county of Jefferson; and thence along the southerly and easterly bounds thereof to the place of begin- ning, shall be. and hereby is erected into a separate county, and shall be called and known by the name of Lkwis. "3. And be it fnrther enacted, Thai all that part of township number nine which is comprisetl within the bounds of the said county of Jefferson shall be annexed to and become a part of the town of Harrison, in said county, and that all that part of ttember 2, 1701, the lieutenant-governor, John Nanfan, established by an ordinance a High Court of Chancery, declaring himself ex-ojjicio Chancellor; but, on June IIJ, 17(12, the governor, Lord Cornbury, suspended its functions until a fee-bill and rules of practice " could be arranged agreeable to e(|uity and justice," and the chief and second justices of the province were appointed to "con- sider and report the best method to render the court most useful and least burdensome" to parties litigant. The jus- tices having reported. Lord Cornbury accordingly, on No- vember 7, 1704, revived the court and the causes depending therein, and adopted the fee-bill and rules of practice pre- pared by the judges. On November 6, 173.'), the general assembly adopted a resolutioD declaring " that a Court of J Smith's History of Xew Vorlf. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 71 Chancery id this province in the hands or under the exer- cise of a governor witliout consent in tiie General Assem- bly is contrary to law, unwarrantahlo, and of dangerous consequence to the liberties and properties of the people." * Several struggles were made by the Colonial Assembly to destroy this court, but witliout effect, and Smith observes, in his " History of New York," " of all our courts none has been more obnoxious to the people than this," — the Court of Chancery of the Culony. Tlie court remained, however, in the governor's iiands until the Revolution, when the constitution recognized it as a court and directed a Chancellor to be appointed for it. It was reorganiy-ed March IG, 1778, and continued by the constitution of 1821, but abolished by that of 18 K!. In 1848 a code of practice for the courts was adopted, wherob}' the di.'^tinction between legal and equitable remedies was abolished, as well as the old and cumbersome forms of actions and pleadings in cases at common law, and a uniform course of proceeding in all ca.ses established. The code was revised in lS7ti, and amended in 1877, and took effect September 1 of the latter year. The charter of 1683 provided for the attestation of wills by two witnesses, and when so attested declared them com- petent to pass the title to land, if filed in the office of the secretary of the colony within forty days after the death of the testator. The charter of IG'Jl vested the governor with probate powers, and styled the tribunal the pnint/ntivf court, and in 1694 the assembly provided for the super- vising of intestacies, and regulating probates of wills and administration, — the widow, if any, to have the preference; if no willow, tlien administration to be referred to the pub- lic administrator, who was to educate the orphans, if anj', in the " Holy Protestant Religion, and see thoy were hon- estly maintained, according to the value of their estate," and their estate invested for them to be received by them on attaining their majority or marrying. Wills in remote counties were allowed to be proven before courts of Com- mon Picas, and certified to the Secretary's office in New York. Appeals would lie from tiie courts or justices to the governor. If the estate did not exceed fifty pounds in value the courts of Comimm Pleas could grant administra- tion. On March 24, 1772, the law of intestacies and pro- bate of wills was extended to Tryon county. The first constitution recognizes the Court of Probates, and at the first session of the Legislature, in 1778, the judge of that court was vested with the same powers that the governor of the colony had as judge of the prenigntice court. The judge of this court was appointed for the entire State, and granted letters of administration and probates of wills for his entire jurisdiction. Surrogates for tlie counties were provided for also by appointment of the council of appoint- ment. On February 20, 1787, the appointment of surro- gates was given to the governor, and they were given juris- diction of probate matters in their respective counties, the Court of Probates of the State pos.sessiMg appellate powers over the surrogatas. The old colonial law for the super- vising of estates was repealed. The office of surrogate was abolished by the constitution of 1S4G, and a County Judge * Journal of Asseiiil)ly, [age di-l. provided, who, besides holding the county court, has also probate jurisdiction. In counties of more than 40,000 pojiulation a surrogate may be elected. In 1702 a Court of Exchequer was established in the colony, which had cognizance of sundry governmental claims against other parties. In 1786 the Legislature created a court under that title, which was to be held in the city of New York, by one of the justices of the Supreme Court, and had cognizance of all claims arising in favor of the State on fines, forfeitures, is,sucs, amerciaments, and debts. This court was re-established in 1813,f by the revised laws, but did not survive the constitution that pa-ssed away in 1821, on the adoption of the new one. The constitution of 1777 recognized the following courts : Admiralty. Chancery, Supreme, Common Pleas, Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery, General Sessions of the Peace, the Court of Probates, City Courts, and Justices of the Peace ; and provided for a Court of Impeachment and Correction of Errors, under regulations to be established by the Legislature. The court consisted of the president of the Senate for the time being, the senators, chancellor, and the judges of the Supreme Court, or a majority of them. In 1786 the Legislature provided for Circuit Courts, to be held by the justices of the Supreme Court, in each county, cognizable of all causes tryable by the county at the common law. In 1SK5 special sessions of the peace, held by three justices in the towns, were provided for petty crimes and misdemeanors, where the defendant could not give bail to the general sessions of the county. The courts under the first constitution were continued by the second one, which latter was ratified by the people January 15 to 17, 1822. The constitution of 1846 recognized and continued the courts under the constitution of 1821, except those of Chancery and Common Pleas, and in addition created the Court of Appeals and the County Courts. The Court of Appetds had its origin in the powers of the original Court of Impeachment for " the correction of errors." These latter powers were abrogiited by the constitution of 1846, and the Court of Appeals created by See. 2 of Art. VI. of that instrument, which court occupies the place in the judicial system which the original court for the correction of errors ilid. It was, when first constituted, composed of eisiht judges, — four elected by the people of the State for eight years, and four selected from the class of justices of the Supreme Court having the shortest time to serve. On November 2, 186;i, the pcoi)le ratified an amendment to the constitution, prepared by the convention of 1867-68, whereby, among other changes in the judiciary efi"ccted thereby, the court of Appeals was reorganized as it now exists, being composed of a chief judge and six associate judges, who arc chosen by the people of the State for terms of fourteen years each. This court has power to re- view every actual determination made at a general term of the Supreme court, or by eitherof the Superior city courts, in certain cases and under certain limitations. The Supreme court has the same jurisdiction it originally had, with the exceptions, additions, and limitations created and imposed I Notes to act ill rcviscJ laws, lSi;t. 72 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. by the constitution and statutes, and has appellate jurisdic- tion over all courts of original jurisdiction not otherwise specifically provided for. Appeals also will lie from certain limited judgments of the court itself to a general term of the same, which are held at least once a year in each of the four judicial departments of the State. Jefferson County being included in tire fourth, which is composed of the fifth, seventh, and eighth judicial districts, — Jefferson being in- cluded also in the fifth district. The general terms are held by one presiding and two associate justices, designated as term justices, but all of them of the Supreme bench. Any justice of the Supreme court may hold the Circuit courts, special terms of the Supreme court, or courts of Oyer and Terminer, the terms of which are appointed by the justices of the department, who also assign the particular justices to hold the courts in the respective counties. The County courts, created by the constitution of 1846, have jurisdiction of all actions of partition, dower, fore- closure, and specific performance, the action accruing in the respective county ; and to actions generally where the amount involved in controversy does not exceed $1000 in value, where the defendants are in the county at the commence- ment of the action. This court is held by the county judge, and who, associated with two justices of the peace, may hold courts of the Sessions of the Peace, with such criminal jurisdiction as may be provided by law. The constitutitm of 1777 continued in force such parts of the common law of England, and the statute law of England and Great Britain, and acts of the Colonial legis- lature of New York, as together formed the law of the colony April 19, 1775, subject to further amendment or repeal by the proper authority. The resolves of the Pro- vincial Congress of the colony, which existed from the early part of 1775 to 1777, as also the resolutions of the convention of tlie State, not inconsistent with the constitu- tion, were adopted as law. Anything in any of the above- quoted legislation repugnant to the constitution was abro- gated and rejected. The constitution also provides for the trial by jury and the naturalization of aliens. The consti- tution of 1821 still continued in force the common law of England, and the colonial laws not repealed or repugnant to the provisions of that instrument. Courts of the Ses- sions of the Peace were provided for the county of Albany, April 17, 1G!)1,* with three terms per year, and a court of Common Pleas, from which no appeal or habeas corpus would lie on matters under twenty pounds in controversy. The old Ju.stices of the Peace of the colony were to be "good and lawful men of the best reputation, and who be no maintainors of evil or barretors." In 1778 the Legislature declared that puper would an- swer in legal proceedings and documents in emergent cases, and it,s use wa.s held not to invalidate proceedings in the courts, notwithstanding the reh'bt(i!, instantcr. Tlie shciiff found business by drajrging from bis conceal- ment one who had fled to a garret to escape the rigorous penalties of the mock court. He was taken before the tribunal, who decided upon the evidence adduced that his failing was a disease rather than a crniie, and ref|uircd for its eradication an eiu'iini. This carnival was continued the second day, and although the officers of the court affected to abstain from the frolic, yet judicial dignity offered no ex- emption, and all parties were compelled to join. Companies distinguished by personal jioculiaiities were paraded under cflBcers' selected for tlie prominence of these traits, as "long noses," etc., while the little, short men were organized into a party, and charged with the duty of " keeping the cats off'* This tradition is verified by the fact that the board of supervisors allowed at their meeting in October, 1807, two bills for damages done to the house of Samuel Whittlesey, in process of building, at the time of the first court. The fir.st term of the Cmirt of Oyer and Termimn- and General Guol Delivery was held in the county on June 17, 1807, at the same .school-house near Cowan's mills, in Watertown, with the following presence: Hon. Smith Thompson, justice ; Augustus Sacket, Joshua Bealls, and Perlcy Keyes, judges; Lyman Ellis, associate justice; Egbert Ten Eyck, clerk; Nathan Williams, district attor- ney. The first case tried was one of the people against a prominent citizen of the county, indicted for rape ; but a jury composed of Moses Miller, Jonathan Treadway, Wil- liam Hadsell, Oliver Scott, Nathaniel Johnson, Caleb Ellis, Alanson Dresser, Alpheus Coleman, Abiah Jenkins, P. Kedway, Levi Butterfield, and J'ihii Hathaway, said their neighbor was not guilty, after hearing seven witnesses for the prosecution (three of them ladies) and twelve for the defense testify. The secoml trial was on an indirtnieuf for an assault and battery, the defendant being eonvieled of the assault only, and fined ten dollars. The third trial was that of Patrick McGinnis, on a charge of larceny, of which he was acquitted by twelve of his peers. The ne.xt term was held June 20, 1808, Chief-Justice Kent presiding, with Judges Clark, Sacket, and White, and Associate Justice Corlis Hinds. Resides other business transacted, seven constables were fined five dollars each, — for what cau.se the record docs not .show. The next term of the court, begun June 9, ISO'.t, was held at the court-house, Hon. Joseph C. Yates, justice, and Judges Clark, Bealls, and White, pres- ent, and Samuel Whittle.s(y, district attorney. Stephen Rawson was tried for, and convicted of, passing counterfeit money, Oliver Taylor was tried for the .same offen.se and ae(|uittcd, and James Goff, indicted for grand larceny, pleaded guilty. Tlie court sentenced Raw.soii to tlu' State's prison for fourteen year.-^, and (ioll for three and a half years, and fined Gershom Tuttle and Jabez Foster eight dollars each for nonappearance as grand jurors. At the June terra (1810) ol' the court there were four persons tried for making and passing counterfeit money, con- victed and .sentenced to State's prison as follows : one, for counterfeiting gold coin, iiir life ; two, for counterfeiting ^ Uuugb, bank-notes, twelve years; and one, for passing counterfeit bank-notes, for ten years. One man was convicted of grand larceny and received three years, and another received like sentence for attini]jting to break jail. At the June term (1812) AVm. W. Van Ness, justice of the Supreme Court, presiding, John Jolinson Mann was convicted of forgery, and sentenced to the States jirison f(ir life. At the June term (1814) the grand jury found eight indictments for larceny, one for murder, one for rape, two for forgery, and two for assault and battery. The rapist was sentenced to State's prison for life, the stealers went to the same safe- keeping and the county jail for different periods of time. June IG, 1828, Henry I'^vans was convicted of murder, and sentenced to be hanged August 20. The first Circuit Court was held June 20, 1808, Chief- Justice Kent presiding, and also present Judges Sacket, Clark, and White, and Corlis Hinds, a.s.sociate justice. The first civil suit tried was that of Aaron Davis against Robert Stewart, impleaded with Barzillai Willey, and a jury gave a verdict in favor of the plaintiff, and assessed his damages at S130.S1. The next court was held June li), 1800, at which there were had five jury trials, resulting in awards of damages amounting to $10fil, and one non-suit. At the June term, 1811, there were eleven jury trials, resulting in the award of damages aggregating $4()50. At the June term, 1812, Gerrit Smith was a plaintiff with the Tall- malii'n. Colloctora. KlliOmrst, $»il,liP9.0ll S41J.7I'. S«i'."l S.">1J.S7 ln\t Uriiiit lloishigton. W.it.Mtuwn, fl4,!)S(i..')ll 271..'i;i W.'.IK ;) ic;..'>S :;.'iS John Hl.'vin. AilKnn, ;);i,tiiii;.iio l.i4.4i :u.iM IGS.ut 1 iii Oliver WllU.m. Brownville, ■H7,-.!4ii.liO 4S7.il 447.24 911.55 20U No.iiliiili Bnrr. Harrison, 4;l,:i'J5.iiu oij7.n 4:i.:(.j 41()5U loll IVler yiiuiles. Mnltii, 4'J.24».ilU US.:iS 4U.25 147.(10 SU O. Ilntlor. Knllmil, 44,S2;P.U0 llU.-'iB 44.8> 10I.:t8 oai Uenj. Eil.ly. Uhullipion, 4J,">78..')1> 120.78 42.58 lO'J.M I'JO Beli. Saunders. $8U5,992.00 $2ual.S9 S8UJ.08 $2840.87 Uli8 Of the county tax of $805.98, the collectors' fees amounted to 840. 30 and the treasurer's to $8.00, leaving the net tax $757.02. A balance of $34.18 was unappro- priated, but $539.92 of the aggregate taxes of the county were rejected by the comptroller on their return to him, and $32(!.88 were delincjucnt, to be jiaid in at the Comp- troller's office and by him to be returned to the county treas- urer, so that the settlement at the end of the year 180C with the treasurer reveals a balance of cash on hand of $3.34 only, and the orders outstanding amounted to $430.08. The prospective a.s.sot,s amounted to $055.49, the realization and convertibility of which were more or le.s.s iiidctinile and distant. A special meeting of the board wa.s convened June 13, 1800, at which appeared Jacob Brown, IVrley Keyes, Jorta- than Davis, Augustus Sacket, Ethni Evans, and Jesse Hopkins as new members. This meeting appointed Jacob Brown and Augustus Sacket a committee with full powers to effect a settlement with Oneida and Lewis counties, on a division of the funds on hand in the treasury of Oneida county when that .sovereignty was divided. The committee was also empowered to receive the money and ]iay the bill of the jailer of Oneida against Jcftcrson according to their discretion. At the October meeting the same year the coniniittoe reported $2292.88 on hand at the time of the division of the county, which the committees of the several counties had divided according to the assessment-roll of Oneida county, last previous to the division, by which arrangement Jeflerson was entitled to $328.01, Lewis $293.54, and Oneida $1070.73. The supervisors of Oneida directed their treasurer to honor the drafts of the treasurers of .leflerson and Lewis for their ri'.-pective allotments, and the supervisors of Jefferson directed the treasurer of this county to draw at once for the amount due this county. At the annual meeting of the board, the towns of Henderson and Hounsfield were represented by Jesse Hopkins and Augustus Sacket respectively, and the a.ssos.sment rolls of Ellisburg. Hendei'son, Harri.son, and Malta were found incorrect and returned to the asscs.sors for correction. The following order was passed : " Ordered, that hereafter every justice of the peace who shall give a certificate certifying the killing of a tvol/c or panther shall, on receiving the pale thereof, sufficiently crop the ears Oi the same, and insert the said ears to be so croped in eacli certificate to be so given.' The .sessions of October 7 and 8 were held at the school-house, but on the latter date an adjournment was had to November 3 to tlie house of Joseph Chirk. Le Hay Wiis represented at the adjourned meeting by Ethni Evans. The committee to settle with the sheriff of Jefferson County and the jailer of Oneida, allowed bills to the amount of $407.70, and in their report made a showing which argued strongly for the economy of a jail of their own. A tax of $1000 was levied for roads and bridges, and distributed pro rata over the towns accord- ing to the value of their ta.\able property. Drs. Healls and Green presented bills for medical attendance and supplies for Noah Emmons and family, which were rejected; but sundry bills, amounting to $48.04, incurred in the removal of the same family from town to town, and finally out of the county, were allowed iicm. cm. Messrs. Sacket and Wood, coniniittce on accounts of members of the board, ro])orted a pay-roll which was not satisfactory to their fellow-members, and their work was disallowed, and a new committee, consisting of Mes.srs. Davis, Wood, and Keyes, given charge of the matter, who reported an allowance of $281, including $48 for the clerk, which was audited by the board. The total assessment of the county for 1800 amounted to $931,008.72, and the T8 HISTORY OF JKFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. total taxation to ST230.79, the new towns havinp; llie fol- lowing proportion to bear; Le Ray, value §233,006, taxes, 812(l<).77; Huunsficld, value, $36,942, taxes, $518.30; Henderson, value, S25,9!t2, taxe.s, $393.57. Two-fifths of the taxes were for county purposes, and the remainder for town purpose.s. The county taxes amounted to 82908.49, the amount of rejected taxes of 1805. .?539.92, being inchided tlicrein. Adding to this amount the amount due from Oneida county, and tijc unappropriated balance of 1805, the treasurer figured up an excess of revenue over appropriations of ISOG of §730.23 ; but rejections by the comptroller disjointed the calculations, and the treasury was again in default on payment of the drafts made on it on account of the levy of 1806. In 1807 the as.sessment ran up to $1,035,693.42, and the taxes to $7811.28, the county tax being $5178.47. In 1800 the charges allowed justices and constables for ser- vices in criminal cases amounted to $215.79, and in 1807 to $241.26. The jailer and sheriff' received $135.66 in the latter year. A fine of three dollars was levied on Silvenus Brown, a Quaker non-combatant, for refusing to do military duty, but afterwards the same was annulled, and a tax of four dollars substituted therefor. In 1808 the board adopted a sot op rules f )r the government of its members. To enforce punctuality at the hour of adjournment (mean- ing the hour to which the board had previously adjourned) a fine of one shilling was levied on delinquents who were absent fifteen minutes after roll-call, and one shilling for every half-hour's ab.sence after that limitatinn. One shil- ling al.so was imposed on all absentees without leave, and ordy fifteen minutes' ab.sence was allowed ivitli leave, unless by special permission of the president aud on special busine.ss. Members were recjuired to be sidiject to good order during the business of the board, and to ''observe profound silence when called to order by the president, unless addressing the chair," and were to speak " one at a time," and but once on a subject, unless by permission ; or in default of any or either of these requirements to pay one shilling for each offense. If any member was found making a copy of his assessment- roll at any time during the .sessions of the board while the business of the board was in actual progress, the offender was fined another shilling, unless he could make it appear to the president he had no other business to attend to. The president's watch regulated the time of the board, and the fines assessed were to be appropriated for the ex- penses of the board. The Quaker Brown was still a source of contentiim oti the board, though a non-resident himself, and was taxed four dollars for his principles, and a warrant ordered issued to collect the tax. The taxes fell off' a little this year, notwithstanding the increase in values, the latter standing at $1 ,094,302.49, and the former at $7200. 7S, the county's portion being $4385.42. At the October meeting, 1809, begun the third day of the month, the board convened at the court-hou.se, but it was not suitable for its accommodation, and a committee appointed to procure a place for holding the session in, re- ported in favor of Judge Clark's; whereupon the clerk records the resolution of the board " to pnl up at Judge Clark's." The board adopted the rules of the former board, and appointed James ShurtlefF " stuerd" — wiiatever that might have been — of the board. " Tom," an Indian, was allowed the bounty on a " wolfe-pate" he had procured a certificate for. The fight opened on the Canada thistle at this session, by the appointment of a committee to draft a petition to the Legislature for the passage of a law for the destruction of that persistent vegetable. Jonas Smith, clerk of the board, was ordered to make maps of the several towns of the county for filing in the comptroller's office, and given one hundred dollars for the job. Another increase in values and decrease in taxation occurred this year, the assessment being returned at §1,102,785, and the tax levy placed at $5499.87, of which $2015.22 were for county uses. Jairus Rich presented a certificate for a wolf bounty on an animal killed, as alleged, in Brownsville ; but the board, for some reason which does not appear on the face of the records, rejected the claim. Rich submitted the question of his claim to the inhabitants of Brownsville at the town-meeting in 1810, who voted to allow it, where- upon he brought it before the board of supervisors in Oc- tober, 1810, and they rejected the claim again, notwith- standing the instruction, and unanimously, too. Both the assessment and taxes ran up again this year, the former being returned at the sum of $1,138,204, and the tax levy being placed at §7391, the county's needs re(iuiring $3983.71. In 1811 Antwerp sent her first supervisor to the county board — Daniel Heald. Twenty-two Quakers were 'listed, and taxed four dollars each in lieu of military service ; among them Musgrove Evans, who afterwards became a noted survcj'or of the United States public lands and specu- lator therein in Michigan. The a.s.sessment fell off mate- rially this year, the same being returned at $971,045, and the taxes amounted to §5915.09, the county's proportion being $2329.22. Antwerp's first assessment amounted to $50,431, and her first tax-bills to $215.45. In 1813 the first equalization of assessments of real estate was attempted. John Brown, of Broivnsville, Lyman Ellis, of EUisburg, and Jonathan Smiley, of Rutland, were the coiumittee on eijualization, and they reported the following schedule: In- creased, Antwerp 40 per cent., llounsfield 25 per cent.. Champion 10 per cent., Watertown 70 per cent., Hender- son 10 per cent. Decreased, Brownsville 25 per cent., Rodman 10 per cent. It does not appear by the record that this schedule was adopted, or any other, as a basis of equalization, but that the taxes were cast on the original amounts returned by the assessors, to wit, §3,968,417. The taxes amounted to $7113.23, of which Brownsville paid §1772, Le Ray §1021.91, and Watertown §597.05. In 1814 Wilna was first represented on the board, Thomas Brayton being her member. The assessment this year was §1,223,871, and the taxes §878,298, of which amount Wilna's proportion was figured at $174,190 in valuation, and $239.49 in taxes. In 1814 the first school-tax was levied under the act for the distribution of the State fund, in 1813, the distribution being §789.32. The first State tax was levied in 1815, and amounted to §8t>51.7S, the total taxes amounting to $22,030.93, the school-tax being $1251.27, and other town taxes §7701.55. In 1810 the first equalization of real estate assessments between the towns was eff'ecled, tlie same being as follows : 10 per cent, was added to those of Watertown and Adams, and the fol- HISTORY OF JEFFKRSOX COUNTY, NKW YORK. 79 lowing deductions made: Brownsville, Rodman, Champion, ! and Antwerp, 15 per cent., Henderson 10 per cent., Ellis- burg, Lorraine, Le Ray, and Wilna, 5 per cent., and Rut- land 2^ percent. In 1817 the personal property ass.scss- ment of the county was returned at $105,040, against 8:i,483,789 on real estate. In 1818 Lyme first had a voice in the councils of the county, and paid for the privi- lege in taxes $1191.66 on an assessment of $186,721 on j real estate, and 81'70 on pei-sonal property. Her first super- visor was Richard M. Esselstyne. In 1820 the first and only bounty paid for the killing of a panther in Jefferson County wxs drawn. Pamelia came into the local leiiislature this year, 1820, the asse.ssment of the town being $1)0, IGi on real estate, and $100 on personal property, and on this valuation she paid taxes to the amount of $1122.12. At the annual meeting in 1821 the board voted to pay no more wolf bounties after that session ; but they did " for all that," as appears by the records. In 1822, Mr. Esselstyne died, while the board was in sejision, of yellow fever at Utica. At the annual meeting three new towns were represented, — Alexandria, by James Shurtleff; Or- leans, by Amos Reed; and Philadelphia, by Alden Buck- lin. Coroner Scott "sat" on the body of John F. Wages, and desired the board to allow a bill of expenses for the " crowner's quest ;" but the board deemed the action of the coroner " extra judieial" and needless, the said body having been drowned in full view of several pereons. The total assessment of the county for 1822 was returned at $2,484,118, and the total taxes amounted to $22,629.03. Of these amounts, the new towns bore the following por- tions : Alexandria, value real estate, $142,645 ; personal prop- erty, 84115; taxes, $1430.50. Orleans, value real estate, $131,397; personal property, 88805; taxes, $1359.71. Philadelphia, value real estate, $49,346 ; personal property, $6(10 ; taxes, $393.04. In 1823 thirty dollars were appropriated to assist an I aged pauper to Philadelphia, " or any other place where he would be the mo.st unlikely to return." In 1830 grand and petit jurors were first paid for their services as sueh. In 1833 Clayton appeared on the board in the person of her first supervisor, Ilubbell Fox. The total assessment ' of the county amounted to $3,074,753, and the tax levy | figured up $27,346.52. Clayton returned its first assess- ment at $82,136, and was laid under a contribution for her own needs and those of the general welfare, placed at $1465.79. In 1841 Theresa .sent her first supervisor to the county-seat, at the annual meeting, the same being Alexander Salisbury. The assessment of the town was returned as follows: Acres assessed, 40,911; value real estate, $184,500; value pei-sonal property, $300; total, $184,800. On this valuation taxes were levied to the amount of $1049.73. In 1848 Worth was set off as a new town, and sent up Albert S. Gillett as its first super- visor. Its first assessment was returned as follows : Acres, 26,743; value real estate, $20,994; personal property, $1000; value per acre as assessed, $1.12; taxes levied, 8377.75. In 1849 Cape Vincent came into the board, by Frederick Folger. her first supervi-sor, with an assessment of 33,978 acres, and a real-estate valuation of $208,285, and $2000 on personal property, and paid taxes on the same to the amount of $2698.26. The as-sessed value per acre of the lands of the town averaged $6.13. In 1875 the legislature conferred upon the boards of supervisors of the several counties in the State, save such whose limits were co-extensive only with a city in its boundaries, increased legislative powers. Under this in- crease of power the board of supervisors of Jefferson County have enacted laws for the preservation of brook- trout and other fish in Jefferson County waters, and also establishing the salaries of the then (1876) incoming county judge and surrogate at twelve hundred and fifty doliai-s per annum, the same having been previously fixed at twenty-five hundred dollars per ;niiiuin by the State legislature. The bounties offered by the board of supervisors for the destruction of wolves and panthers, from 1805 to 1814, inclusive, were ten dollars per head, besides the town boun- ties, which latter varied, and caused so much difficulty, and proved such a temptation for fraudulent practices, that in 1808 the board recommended the towns to confine their bounties to the uniform sum of five dollars. From 1815 to 1818, inclusive, the county offered a bounty of twenty dollars, the State paying as much more a portion of the time. In 1819 the bounty was reduced to ten dollars on wolves, and in 1820 to the same amount for wolves and panthers, and half that sum for the whelps of tho.se animals. In 1821 there was no bounty at all offered, but it was restored in 1822, and remained at ten dollars for several years, but seldom more than half a dozen sealjis were taken in a year. During the continuance of the bounty there were paid, in the earlier years of the .settlement of the county, the following sums on wolfscalps by the county treasurer: 1806, $460; 1807,8390; 1808,8470; 1810, 8770; 1811, 8500; 1816, 8320; 1818, $460; 1819, $400; 1820, $780 on wolves and $20 on panthers; 1821, $290 for past scalps; 1822, $50. The chairmen of the board of supervisors have been an follows: From 1805 to 1807, Noadiah Hubbard; 1808, Ethel Bronson; 1809-10, Jes.se Hopkins; 1811-12, Judah Williams; 1813, Jesse Hopkins; 1814, Noadiah Hubbard; 1815-16, Egbert Ten ' Eyck ; 1817-24, General Clark Allen. Up to 1818 the officer was designated as president, but in this last-named year the name was changed to chair- man. 1825, Nathan Strong; 1826, Noadiah Hubbard; 1827-28, Walter Cole: 1829-30, Nathan Strong ; 1831, Willard'Ainsworth; 1832-33, Henry H. Coffeen ; 1834- 36, Jonathan Bigelow ; 18.37, Orville Ilungcrford ; 1838- 39, Daniel Half; 1840, Eli West; 1841, Daniel Hall; 1842, Orville Hungerford; 1843, Joseph Graves; 1844, John Boyden; 1845, Azel W. Danforth ; 1846, Alanson Skinner; 1847, 0. V. Brainard ; 1848, Bernard Bagley ; 1849, Alden Adams; 1850, Henry Greene, Jr.; 1851, Hiram Dewey; 1852, Alfred Fox; 1853-54,0. P. Star- key ; 1855-56, Jason Clark; 1857, Luke E. Frame; 1858, Luther Sampson; 1859, A. W. Clark; 1860, John H. Conklin; 1861, C. A. Benjamin; 1862, Nathan Strong; 1863, C. W. Burdick; 1864, J. H. Conklin; 1865, Geo. W. Hazelton ; 1866, Dr. Charles W. Burdick ; 1867, Chas. A. Benjamin ; 1 868, Geo. A. Bagley ; 1869, R. B. Biddle- 80 HISTORY OF JEFFERSOJS COUJS'TY, JSEW YORK. com; 1870-71, Theodore t'aiifielil ; 1872, Ropl Fuller; 1873, Thos. C. Chittenden; 1874, 0. D. Green; 1875, Fred. Waddiiighau) ; 187C, John C. Knowlton. The clerks (if the board (elected by the board) have been as follows: Zelotes Ilarvey, 1805-6; Jonas Smith, 1807- 15 ; iMarinus AV. Gilbert, 1816-23 ; Adriel Ely, 1824-26 ; Zenas H. Adams, 1827-31 ; M. W. Gilbert, 1832-37; J. F. Bates, 1838; Alanson P. Sijrourncy, 1839; Myron Becbee, 1840; M. P. Jackson, 1841; A. M. Watson, 1843; A. P. Sigourney, 1844-47; A. Wilson, 1848-19; A. B. Gilbert, 1850; A. Wilson, 1851; J. R. Bates, 1852-53; M. Beebee, 1854; Abner Smith, 1855-56; E. J. Clark, 1857 ; John A. Haddock, 1858-59; Levi Smith, 1860; Wm. S. Phelps, 1861-62; Jacob Stears, Jr., 1863-71 ; W. D. V. Rulison, 1872-77. The board fur the year 1877 has not, at this writing, met and organized, and will not do so until the annual meeting in November, but its constituent members arc as follows : Adams, O. D. Greene; Alexandria, A. A. Holmes; Ant- werp, Geo. D. McAllister; Brownville, II. H. Bininger; Cape Vincent, L. 0. Woodruff; Champion, James Ster- ling; Clayton, R. M. Es.sclstyn ; Ellisburg, J. P. Wodell; Henderson, John Chapman ; Ilounsfield, S. M. Hodges ; Le Ray, F. E. Croi.s.sant ; Lorraine, C. C. Moore ; Lyme, A. A. Getman ; Orleans, B. Everett; Pamelia, G. H Countryman; Philadelphia, George E. Tucker; Rodman, George A. Gates; Rutland, George Smith; Theresa, John Parker; Watertown, C. Richardson; City of Watertown, first ward, J. C. St"?eter; second ward, J. C. Knowlton . third ward, T. C. Chittenden ; fourth ward, C. W. Sloat ■ Wilna, James Galvin ; Worth, S. B. Kellogg. COURT-HOUSES AND .I.MLS. According to the provisions of the act establishing the county, the governor and council of appointment appointed the commissioners to select and designate the site of the court-house and jail of the county, the same being Matthew Dorr, David Rodgers, and John Van Bentheusen. "The question of location was not settled without the most active eflorts being made by Brownville to secure the site ; but the balance of settlement was theii south of Black river, and the level lands in the north pait of the county were represented to the commissioners as swampy and incapable of settlement. Jacob Brown, finding it iin]iossible to secure this advantage to his place, ne.xt endeavored to retain it, at least, north of Black river, and oft'ered an eligible site in the present town of Pamelia ; but in this he also failed. The influence of Henry Coffeen is said to have been especially strong with the coinmis.sioners, although he was ably seconded by others of much ability. It is said that the site was marked at some distance below the business part of the village of Watertown to conciliate those who bad been disappointed in its location. A deed of the premises was presented by Henry and Amos Cofteen."* At the October meeting, 1806, of the board of supervisor, Messrs. Hinds, Salisbury, and J. Brown were appointed as a com- mittee to report the expediency of building a jail, the prob- ^ llullgli. able cost of the same, and the most advi.sable method to be pursued in such a proceeding for the interest of the county. The expense of .sending prisoners to Whitestown was heavy, and it was apprehended that public officers would reluc- tantly spend their time in going to and from thence. The committee reported that two-thirds of all county charges were paid by non-resident taxes, and a prospect then ex- isted that this law would be repealed. They therefore advised the immediate erection of a jail, and it was esti- mated it could be built for S450() ; that S250(l would pro- vide one better for the interests of the county than the existing system. J. Brown and A. Saekct were appointed to draft a petition to the legislature, which procured, on February 20, a law authorizing a tax of §250(t for erecting a court-house and jail, and February 19, 1808, a further tax of $2500 was applied for. William Smith, Gershom Tuttle, and N. Hubbard were appointed to build a jail after a plan to be approved by the board. It was to be 40 by 60 feet, built of wood, and fronting eastward, and was built in 1807-8 by Wm. Rice and Joel Mix, after the plans of Wm. Smith. It contained a jail in the first story, and stood a little south of the present jail. On January 30, 1808, the superintendents were empowered " to build a suf- ficient tower and cupola on the centre of said building, and cover the dome of said cupola with tin, and so construct the said tower and cupola that it shall be sufficiently strong and convenient so as to hang a bell, and to erect a sphere and vane, and also a suitable rod to conduct the lightning from said building." On October 5, 1808, the accounts of the courl-buuse auditeil, including extra work and services of committee, anKnuited to 81997.58. The contractors, Mix and Bice, sued the county for "extras," but afterwards compromised, and paid the costs. Wm. Smith was directed to purchase the necessary fixtures for the court-house and jail, at an estimated co.st of $262.87. In 1807 (August 13) the jail liberties^ were fiist estab- lished, and deserve mention from the singular manner in which they were laid out. They covered a small .space around the court-liou.se and a part of the public square, and included most of the houses in the village, while between these localities, along the sides of the roads, and sometimes in the centre, were paths from four to eight feet wide, with occasional crossings, so that by carefully observing this route, turning right angles, and keeping himself in the strict ranges which the court had established, a man might visit nearly every building in the village ; but if the route was by any accident obstructed by a pile of lumber, a pool of mud, or a loaded wagon, he must pass over, or through, or under, or else expose himself to the peril of losing this precarious freedom, by clo.se imprisonment, and subjecting his bail to prosecution for the violation of his trust. In several instances persons were thus dealt with, where they had inadvertently turned aside from the straight and narrow path, to which the statutes of that period allowed the cred- itor to Consign his unfortunate debtor. A map of these limits, prepared by Jonas Smith, who for several years had nnule these details a subject of daily ob.servation from ne- t I'rivih-ycs ao '(;rdc(l prisoners for debt, who giivc tail for (lie observiinco of the lounds of the ** liberties." 1877. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 81 cessity, was prepared in July, 1811, and deposited in the cleric's ofEce. It is interesting from its containing the names of tlioso who tlion (iwnfd houses in the village, of whom there were about til'ty. These limits were maintained till February 23, 1821, when an act was passed deBning a rectangular area around the village as the jail limits. On Oc- tober 9, 1815, the sui)ervi.'S(irs voted a petition for a tax of $1000 to build a fire-proof clerk's oflSce,and Ai)rii 5, 1816, an act was p;isscd accordingly, allowing a tax, not exceeding $1500, for this purpose, and Ebenezer Wood, Ethel Hron- son, and Egbert Ten Eyclc were mimed as commissioners to build the same. A clerk's office was accordingly built between tiic present Episcopal church and the public sf|uare, and was occupied until 1831, when, in accordance with an act passed January 26 of that year, granted on a petition of the board in 1 830, a new clerk's office was built by Daniel Wardwcil, Eli West, and Stephen D. Sloan, commissioners appointed by the act for the purpose, who were empowered to borrow one ' thousand dollars (in the credit of the count}', and sell the former office and lot. The new office was situated on the north side of Court street, corner of Jackson street, and was occupied until the comjiletion of the present court- house, in 18C2. In December, 1817, the court-house was injured by fire, which occasioned a meeting of the board, and five hundred dollars were voted for repairs. In 1820, Wm. Smith was given the contract to re-cover the roof of the clerk's office with tin, he agreeing to furnish an " Im- proved workman in tinning roofs" for the purpose. In this year the sheiiff was instructed to cause the prisoners to cleanse the cells and jail generally, and, as an inducement to them to perform the task, he was authorized to " dis- tribute among them weekly one pound of tobacco to every six prisoners." On February 9, 1821, the court-house and jail were burned, and on the 12th the supervisors met to take into consideration the measures necessary for the occasion. A petition was forwarded for a law authorizing a tax of $8000 to rebuild the county buildings, and a loan of S6000 for the same purpo.so. It was resolved to build the jail si'parate from the court-house, and both buildings were to be of stone. Elisha Camp, Nathan Strong, and .luhn Brown were ap- pointed conimi.ssiiineis to superintend the building. Pre- miums of Silt i'or a plan of a court-hou.se and $15 for one of a jail were offered. An act was accordingly passed March 13, 1821, for the .separate erection of these build- ings, at a cost not exceeding $800(1, under the direction of Eliphalet Edmonds, Henry H. Coffeen, and Jabez Foster. The courts meanwhile were to be held at the brick academy, and criminals were to be sent to the Lewis county jail. A loan not exceeding $61)00 was authorized from the State. On March 28 the board met, and the plan for a jail offered by Wm. Smith was adopted, and a resolution was passed providing I'or solitary cells. The court-house was agreed to be forty-four by forty eight feet, after a plan by J. H. Bishop. This necessity of an outlay for new buildings re- vived the question of a new site, and, among others, the citizens of Sacket's Harbor made diligent efforts by ]ietiticin to secure their location, but without success ; and in the same season a court-house and a part of the jail were erected, which continued to be occupied until Novem- ber, 1848, when the Hon. Jas. M. Comstoek, one of the inspectors of county and State prisons, reported to the Hon. Robert Lansing, judge of the county, the entire failure of the county jail to meet the requirements of the statute in relation to the safety, health, and proper classification of prisoners, and expressed his belief that the arrangements required by law could not be attained without the con- strnetion of a new ]iiisiin building. This report, approved by the judge, and certified by the clerk of the board, was laid before the supervisors, a committee appointed, who visited the jail and confirmed the report, but after repeated efforts the board failed to agree upon a resolution providing for the necessary rebuilding of the county prison. This led to the issue of a writ of mandamus by the supreme court in December, on the motion of G. C. Sherman, requiring the board of supervisors to proceed without delay to the erection of a new jail, or the repair of the one then existing. This necessity for a new prison suggested the project of the division of the county into two jury districts, and the erec- tion of two sets of buildings at other places than Water- town, and the question became, for a short time, one of considerable discu.ssinn in various sections of the county. The question was settled by the erection of an extensive addition to the jail, two stories high, and considered ade- ((uate for the wants of the county for some time (then) to come, at least, if the course adopted was that recommended by the board of supervisors October 20, 1820, as set forth in the following resolution : *' Whcreni*^ The maintcnnncc of pri-^oncrs coimnittL'tl to the county jail fur siiiali offenses, in the manner that, the.v have been usually sentenced, has been attended with great cxjiense to the people of this county, and in many instances has operated to jiunisli the cnunty with taxes more than the criminals for offenses; ancl whereas some courts of special sessions have sentenced them to imprisonment upon bread and water, which lessens the expense to this county, and tlie same operates as a punishment more cfTectually tiian longer terms of ira- liri.-^iinment would in the ordinary wa.v ; the board of supervisors, therefore, recommend generall.v to magistrates and courts of sessions in mittimuses, upon conviction of pctt^' crimes, to make the length of confinement less, and direct the jailer to keep tlie offenders upon bread and water during the time of their imprisonment. The board would roctimmend, in such oases, that the prisoners be not sentenced to be kept longer tlian thirty days in any case; it may endanger the health of the convicts. *' liesoli-etf, That the jailer for the future be directed not to procure anything more expensive for criminals than moccasins at lifty cents a pair, instead of slioes, nor to procure any hats, and to purchase a8 liitie clothing as possible, and that of the poorest and least expensive kind." The court-house became so much dilapidated that it became unfit to hold courts in, and in 1851, Judge Thomp- son hired rooms ;it $100 per annum for rental and fuel, and sent his bills to the board of supervi-sors for auditing. In 1857, a resolution looking to the erection of a new court-house was pa.ssed at the annual session of the board of supervisors, Me.s.srs. S. H. Brown, Win. Estes, and S. Eddy being appointed a preliminary committee on the matter. A motion at the annual meeting in 1858, to proceed at once to the erection of the court-house, was tabled, and thi n taken up again, atid amjnded by changing the phicc of loca- tion, so as to leave it to the discretion of future boards to locate the same at Watertown or elsewhere in the county. 82 HISTOllY 0¥ JEFFKilSON COUNTY, NEW YOllK. and the amended resolution was adopted. Jlessre. Ingalls, Phelps, and Rulison were appointed a committee to receive plans and specifications, and then the whole matter was laid on the table, and a committee appointed to invest S30 in an examination of the old building relative to the possibility of repairing it. The grand jury, in April and September, 1838, indicted the court-house as a nuisance, and as unfit and insufiicient to hold courts in. In 1859, a motion to rent Washington Hall, in Watertown, for holding the courts until the court-house could be repaired, at a rent of S250 per aimum, was lost, fifteen members voting in the negative; whereupon, on motion of Supervisor Ingalls, the majority voting against the proposition were appointed a committee to report a plan for repairing or rebuilding the court-house. This committee reported a resolution to appoint a committee to repair the court-house and rent Washington Hall, and receive plans and proposals to build a new court-house on the old site. On December 10, 18G0, the committee as- sembled and received plans and specifications, and appointed a sub-committee to visit the several court-houses in the State, or as many as they deemed necessary, and examine the same, and confer with W. N. White, an architect at Syracuse. The sub-committee procured plans and drafts from Mr. White, and reported at a special meeting of the board, January 7, 1861, recommending the adoption of White's plans, which placed the cost of the new building, erected in accordance therewith, at the sum of S25,0UU. The report of the committee was adopted by the board, and after a brisk and animated struggle the present site, corner of Arsenal and Benedict streets, in Watertown, was selected, the same being donated by the citizens of the city. A loan of $25,000 was authorized and made from the State at seven per cent., and a contract made with Juhn Hose and Joseph Davis to erect the building for S24,000, and W. N. White appointed supervising architect, and the following- named supervisors a building committee: Joseph Atwell, A. W. Clark, A. C. Middlet.m, C. A. Benjamin, Juhn H, Conklin, Henry Spiccr, and Jacob Putnam. At the annual meeting of the board in October, 18G1, this comniiltce was discharged as being too expensive on account of size, and a new committee appointed, consisting of J. H. Conklin, D. W. Baldwin, and Octave Blanc. The building was com- pleted in 1802, at a cost of $25,488.89, furnished, after some delays and wrangling with the contractors, who peti- tioned the board for an additional allowance, for an allced deficit in compensation occasioned by the extraordinary rise in building materials occasioned by the war. The roof over certain portions of the building was imperfect, and consid- erable sums of money were expended to repair and complete it. The basement was ill drained, and until the sewerage of the city was completed along Arsenal street it was in a foul and unhealthy condition ; but drains connecting with the main sewer soon obviated that difficuty, th(mgh at considerable expense. The entire expense of the court- house as it now stands is not far from §35,000. It is built of brick, with stone trimmings and portico, and has an area of about 70 feet front on Arsenal street by 120 feet rear on Benedict street. It has two stories, and is provided with a firc-jiroof clerk's office in the rear of the building, and is surmounted with a tower in good proportionate di- mensions to the balance of the edifice, and, with a well-kept lawn (one of the features of Watertown), is an ornament to the city and a credit to the county. The county jail stands on a commanding bluff overlooking the city and sur- rounding country, and furnishes accommodations for the needs of the county at the present time, inasmuch as all petty crimjs and misdemeanors are punishable by commit- ment to the Onondaga county pjnitentiary, which relieves the county jail somewhat of what would be au otherwise excessive demand for room. POOR-IIOUSES AND A.SYLUJIS. The first compulsory charity within the limits of the present Empire State was that which the act of the colonial assembly of April, 1691, provided for, whereby the towns of the colony were retiuired to support their own poor, and whereby, also, safeguards were thrown around the system, to prevent imposition upon the authorities. The assembly of 1G83 may have also provided for such support, and so, also, maj' have the Dutch burghers before that, but the first laws we find lecorded on the subject are those reported in Bradford's edition of the Colonial Laws from 1G91 to 1773, published in London, which gives the first act as passed in April of the former year. The legislature in 1778 provided for the support of the poor by towns and cities, and later on, for the building of poor-houses by towns and counties. Previous to the adop- tion of the poor-house system by Jefferson County each town in the county supported its own poor, and the records of the board of supervisors show annual appropriations in many of the towns for that purpose of from $50 to $800. In 1817, $50 was voted to build a town poor-house in Le Hay, and in 1822, under the act of 1820, the super- visors recommended to the several towns to take into consideration at their next annual meetings the propriety of building a poor-house and house of industry for the county, as advised by an act of March 3, 1821). In April, 1825, a meeting of the board was called, and a committee, consisting of Messrs. Hubbard, Hart, and Stewart, was ap- pointed to ascertain the most suitable site for erecting a poor-house, and the price for whii-li a farm could be pur- chased, within five miles of the court-house. The cost of buildings was limited to $2000. They were directed to advertise for proposals for purchasing a farm, if they sliould think proper. On June 7 an adjourned meeting of the supervisors mot to hear the above report. After visiting the premises in a body, it was resolved to purchase the Dudley farm, in Le Ray, five miles from Watertown, con- taining 150 acres, at $10 per acre. Committees were ap- pointed to procure titles, which came through Vincent Le Ray de Chaumont, and fit up the premi.ses. The building was erected by Simeon Towle, and completed and accepted by the board November 17, 1825, the same costing $1 tHO. These premises continued to be occupied for the purpo.se of a poor-house until November, 1832, when the supervisors voted a ])i'tition for the power to sell the property, and borrow $4000 on the credit of the county for building a new one on a new site, if the interests of the county re- quired it. An act was jiassed by the legislature January 25, 1833, granting the power asked for, and providing for IITSTORY OF JP^FFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 83 the execution of the trust by three commissioners to be ap- pointed by the supervisors. At tlieir following session the board, after much discu.s.siun, finally agreed to erect a new poor-house on a farm of 100 acres, purchased of J. Foster for $1500, about a mile below Watertown, north of the river, and Orville Hungerford, Jo.soph Graves, and Bernard Bagley were appointed to carry the resolution into efl'ect. This poor-house and farm cost 3G123.GG, and the old jiroperty was sold for 8201;"). 24. The distinction between t(j\vn and county poor was abol- ished by a vote of the supervisors in November, 1834, and this has been since several times changed. In 1832 the experiment of picking oakum was tried, with a profit of $154 the first year. The oulhire df the mulberry has also been attempted, but with small success. The first super- intendents of the poor-hou.-ie, appointed in 1820, were Orville Hungerford, Wm. S. Ely, Peter Yandes, John Hoover, and Asher Wilmot, who were elected in 1820 and 1827, and an equal number were annually ajjpninted until the adoption of the present constitution. The persons elected under the general law were David Montague, Chas. F. Symonds, and I'hineas Hardy, in 1848; Martin J. Hutchius, 1849; Peter S. Houck, 1850; Austin Everitt, 1851. It being thought by certain ones that the general law was not the best that could bo devised for the county, an effort was made in 1S52, which procured on the 12th of April an act which directed hut one ov£rseer of the pour to be hereafter elected in each town in this county, and the duties of overseers of the poor were conferred upon the sujiervisor and such overseer, in the several towns, who were to be a.ssociated together in atTording relief to the indigent within certain limits, to be prescribed by the board of supervisors for each town. No superintendents of the poor were to be thereafter elected, but « 1,386 1,693 2,41.'i 2.99.1 2.970 2,701 2,014 2,8!'0 2,l»< :i,:i44 r.,n2'.i 2,27" :i,.'..%8 :i,008 1,0I.'| 2,SI0 2,( 44 2,:122 1,010 2,968 l,.'i4:l 1,.'.22 2,2.'i7 2.411 2,.'>8li 2,!128 2,028 2.:J42 :i.475 30:l 1.9:l7 I,:i19 ;i.99(i .1,109 6.0W1 1,481 "i'.Vi'A l,i:i8 :i,90« .!*!.. 1,091 2,ll»U "2,32s "Vi:!! 1,4IJ2 I,'.i19 l,:«o :i.429 2,206 CliiytMii "4,7:1:1 2,<.74 2,70!l 2,.'..W 1,41'n 'ifi :i,.'i44 1,988 820 1,719 2,1112 :i,42.1 1,120 ,i,292 •-',428 3,41.'! :1,4I9 1,727 2.87:1 :i,nii1 2,27:1 1.107 1,9111 2,:i:i9 4,708 1,602 48,493 3,990 5,349 2,480 04;i 1,14!) 812 4.146 he ICiy Lorinini* L>nie Orlt-aiiB I'aiiieliii Ptiiliiflc1iihi:t 1,121 810 2,!I44 1,112 1,724 ■■i',ii4'2 :i,721 1,099 r.,472 :i,(Hil 2,IC4 1.888 Kftlinitri 1,277 i,4M; l.Tll 1.718 1.01)4 1 l.'.llO 1,(98 1,702 2.111 •i.iKM Wjit'Ttuwn ^Vilim iiii 1,841 2,4.^8 2U1 2,700 648 4.279 .'i,0-.7 2,U63; 2.C81 262 63,088 Total l6,un 18,864 32,962 41,050 60,984 1850. Adnnis Alpxanflr-n Antwen) Brownvillu Citpe Vincent Cluinipjon riavt.in Elli^bu•g Ilenilcrson IIuuii>-llel(l hf Uiy Lorraine Lyini' Oi'leans I'ani.Iia Pliiladi-lpliia R'ulinan liiitlai.d Tliert'^a Watcrtown (City) Wiliiii Worth ,ftWi 711 ,:i«0 ,:i80 ,14(1 ,682 ,>!1 ,:i4i ,917 »M (!4n ,1118 ,1147 2.')4 ,912 ,0!I4 ,148 109 ,433 1855. :i,i()6 :i,i78 3,00.5 4,282 3,044 2,(185 4,191 5.524 2,2:19 4,l:i0 :i.C54 1,.-)11 2,919 :i,2C.'i 2,.i28 1.915 1,781 2,2f..". 2,:i42 7,201 326 3,105 3,:!5:i 3,76:) ;i,.')89 3.:i7fl 1,940 4,2:12 !>,:a9 2,139 3,221 3.2(i:l 1,470 2,.'-03 2.8(10 2,.ill 1,74:1 1,7.V2 1.977 2.2781 7,5i.7 3,(H4 474 1860, 1865. ?,496 3,418 3,808 3,014 3.313 3,1:12 .1,960 3,49.^ 3..V5 3,4711 2,i:i2 2,002 4,090 4.440 5,014 5,280 2,419 1,902 3,:i:!9 2,7.'i4 3,l.'-.9 2.980 1.087 1,.')81 2,702 2,:i77 2,9:;4 2.791 2,7811 2,492 1,790 1.715 1,8118 1,1B4 2,1197 l,vr.4 2,029 2,51.> 7,507 8,194 68,153 65,420 ,3,r62 634 3,921 611 C9,S25, 66,448 3,34<>i :i,ii87 3,310 3,219 3,:142 2,1.16 4,1182 4,822 1,920 2,0:t6 2 802 1,.177 2,405 2.445 1,292 1,079 1,6l>4 1.90:1 2,304 1,373 9,:i:i6 4,000 -27 3,:W4 3,470 3,:103 2,876 3,118 2,246 4,215 4,819 1,815 2,.'i52 2,7:13 I,:i77 2,244 2,:l('7 l,o.V'. 1,709 1.408 1,849 2,:101 1,279 10,041 4,205 707 6.5,415, 65,362 The population of Jefferson County, by towns, at differ- ent periods from 1800 to 1875, being the exhibit of the THE POLITICAL SENTIMENTS of the people of Jefferson County will be best shown by a tabulation of the votes given at the Presidential elections since 1828, and showing those given at gubernatorial elec- tions for the years previous. For the vote previous to the year 1828, at which date the people first voted for Presi- dential electors direct, — they having been chosen by the Legislature previously, — the names of the candidates voted for arc given, the people being divided into the Federalist and Republican parties in the earlier years, and Whig and Democratic later on. 1801. For Governor, George Clinton, 5G : St,321 The vote of 1876 by towns was as follows : Repuhlicnn. Dt'inocratic. Total. 568 305 455 874 AlcxJiiiiiiia... 335 790 529 276 265 805 Urownvillc... 49!) 764 C'ftpc Vincent 303 412 715 Clmmpiuii 349 224 573 Clavtun 421 492 913 EilisliurK 816 513 1329 Ilemlcrmun..,. 323 160 483 llounstieltl.... 352 253 605 Le Ray 423 320 743 188 160 254 283 124 348 Lyme 318 572 328 611 Pamelia 178 302 Pbiladelpliia . 233 229 91 462 Kudinau .347 438 KudaiiJ 318 164 482 Theresa 335 281 616 Watertown.... 223 107 330 Wilna 50!) 529 117 1038 Worth 9S 215 Ciry of Watcrtown : First Ward 329 237 566 Seconrl Ward 319 208 269 527 Thinl War 1 240 509 Fourth Wa ■d 346 372 718 Total, City 1234 1086 2320 The sevorul qiu'.stiuns .submitted to the popular vote in the county have resulted as follows: For the convention of 1821 3432 For no convention 11!) For the adoption of the constitution of 1821 1953 Agninst " •' " 1144 1825. On tho manner of electing Presidential electors. By districts '.. 2603 General ticket plurality 2000 " " majority 35 1826. For the election of justices of the peace 4702 Against ** ** " " 1 1846. For the amended constitution 6603 Against " *' 1712 For e(|ual suflVagc to colored persons 2791 Against '* " " 4536 May — For license 4012 " For no license 5644 1849. For the free-school law 5997 Agninst " " 3312 1850. For the repeal of the free-.school law 6064 Against " " " " 3!I59 1854. For the amendment in relation to canals 352i) Against •' " •' 2029 1858. For convention to revise constitution 4078 Against " " " 3221 1859. For the revised constitution 4579 Against " " 4285 IS60. On the suffrage amendment — Fur 6073 " •' Against 6470 1864. On the anienilint-nt for voting of ^c>ldier8 — For 6355 Against 818 1865. For act to create State deht for hounties t<» volunteers 9341 Against same act 322 1866. For convention to revise constitution 7929 .Against •' ** ** 5156 1869. For amended constitution 4894 Against" " 4786 For anipndeil judiciary article 7763 Against " " " 1783 For aiitended assrssmtnt an Waiihs. Adams Alexandria Antwerp lirownville Cape Vincent Champion Clayton Ellisburg Ilendercon llounsHeld Le Kay Lorraine Lyme Orleans Panielin Philadelphia Rodman Kutlnnd Theresa Watertown Waterl'n Citv.lsl ward "| •• " 2d '• I 3d " I 4th " J Wilna Worth No. of I As.'ipseed .\cro8 Valnalion of of Laud. Keal Estate. 27,198 37,963 61,100 33,994 33,978 25,683 48.678 44,876 24,115 22,800 42,647 22,359 33,541 40,347 20,967 24.135 25,504 24,200 40,912 22,251 4,781 44,753 26,743 868, 092, 382, 656, 751,' 939 797, 614 ,004 187 .394, 014, ,388, ,147 800,1 919,1 930, 912! 851, 929, 874, 013, ,349, 342, 154,, 234 841 430 144 010 970 240 50 286 1 00 4 10 010 820 490 870 990 090 415 40 00 950 180 450 405 574 ,512 330 Equnlized Vahlatiuii of Keal Kslate, $1,645,444 974.786 1,709,091 1,351,949 1,401,906 1.102,166 1,376,927 2,700,777 952,297 1,150,400 1,4,33,129 643,190 1,092,800 1,439,373 874,240 878.484 974,1.53 1,089,077 991,009 1,121,022 .L 4,88.3,254 J 1,152,123 218,570 Aseewed Viihnition of I'emonal Kstate. $650,675 46,200 125,285 175,430 69,950 77,850 74,075 212,850 100,650 120,100: 81,910 32,950 1 69,610] 44,470! 31,2101 62,3501 191, 030 1 82,430 03,880 1 95,700! 235,200 j 727,137| 1,603,4971 408,170 80,300 5,020 Totiil Vahmtion. Amount of I Amount of t'ouiity Town $2,296,119 1,020,986 1,894,376 1,527,379 1,471,856 1,180,016 1,451,002 2,913,627 1,05.8,947 1,276,590 1,515,039 676,140 1,162,410 1,483,843 905,450 940,834 1,165,183 1,172,107 1.054,889 1,216,722 1.153,977 1,810,558 3,071,600 1,821,123 1,232,423 223,590 733,585l$31,222,857i*31,222,85r$5,473,929,$36,696,786 $10,732.46 4,772.28 8,854.63 7,1.39.22 6,879.74 5,515.00 6,782.22 13.618.79 4,949.69 5,967.00 7,081.54 3,160.39 6,433.32 6,9,35.73 4,232.23 4,397.62 5,440.26 5,478.62 4,930.73 5,687.15 5.394.22 8,462.54 14,356.65 8,512.80 5.760.55 1,045.10 $171,527.08 $.3,287.54 0,307,14 1,041,72 1,559.87 1,470.92 2,857.30 .8,931.53 3,788.12 1,472.43 0,329.42 5,735.04 1.239.97 1,730.53 1,293.88 461.41 5.716.40 1,674.86 3,238.70 0.061.29 3.447,88 2,805.01 5,841.69 10.018.87 6,219.43 11,517.46 835.00 Amount of Stale Tax for Seliouls. Amount of I State Tax I Agsrenatc exclusive of ofTaxes. Schools. $1,452.98' 646.08' 1,198,76 906.53 931.39 746.71 918.19 1,843.74 670.10 807.83} 958.72: 427.86 735.57 938.98 572.97 595.36 737.33 741.71 607.52 769.94 730.53 1.140.22 1,944,50 1,152.87 779.87 141.49 $105,083.50|S23,223.75 $2,567.66 1,142.46 2,117.92 1,707.61 1,645,53 1,319.26 1,622.22 3,257.43 1,183.90 4,427.23 1,693.81 755.93 1,299.58 1,658.94 1,012.30 1,051.85 1,302.68 1,310.42 1.179.37 1.300.30 1,290.20 2,024.00 3.434.22 2,036,00 1,377.85 249.97 $18,040.64 12,867.96 13,813.03 11,373.23 10,927.58 10,438.87 18,254.16 22,508.08 8,276.12 14,531.48 15,469.11 6,584.15 9,199.00 10,827.53 6,278.91 11,701.23 9.161.13 10,769.54 13,438.91 11,265.27 10,219.96 17,474.45 29,754.24 16,921.10 19,435,73 2,271.56 $41,028.64 $340,862.97 » Smith's History of New York, p. 31. t Ib'd., p. 34. \ These amount? do not include the amotint raised for schools in the Districts. 88 HISTORY OP" JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The above table does not include the school taxes raised bj^ districts, which amounted to $80,677. The county taxes for 187G were divided as follows : Payment of bonds. Intrrost nnrt iirincipal $S0,28.i.79 Charities', Poor-IInuse, Asylums, and Statu Institutions... 111,221,50 Court oxpcMisi's, incluiliiij; sherifl", constables, jurors' fees, and salaries of jud^e.s, etc 32,882.84 Iniliees to deed and mortgage records 5,5:14.73 Court-house and jail repairs .1,408.08 Printing 2. 724. GO Military expenses I,4y0..')3 Supervisors 2,8011.110 School commissioners' salaries 000.00 Miscellaneous accounts 402.99 Total $171,527.08 The State board of equalization equalized the assessment of Jefferson for State taxation for the year 187Gatthe sum of 618,579,00(), and a.=si2ned to Jefferson, as its quota of the State taxes, S64,252.3'J. The following valuations were placed on corporate prop- erty for taxation in 1876, viz. : Rome, Watertown and Ogdcnsburgh railroad .• $1,144,937 Vti.-a and Itla.'k River railroad... 229,125 Carthage, W'alertoivn and Sackcl's Harbor railroad 278,220 Black River and Morristown railroad 78,705 Total railroad valuation $1,7;!0,987 Mining companies .'?120,900 Manufacturing companies .'i02,000 Insurance companies 824,437 Park association 4,000 Total $3,042,324 By the report of the county treasurer, for the year end- ing November 2.5, 1876, it appears that tlic gross receipts of revenue for the year were as follows : Nov. 23, 1875. Balance on band from old account $4,047.41 Nov. 25, 187G. Received from collectors 291,736.19 " " taxes collected by himself.. 1,283.56 " " fines 1,078.34 " •' licenses 2,783.00 " " comptroller} 50.019.16 Schoid money j . • ., » Sundry items 507.21 Total $351,454.87 Leaving a balance on hand, af\er payments according to vouchers presented, of §940.00. In 1866 the eonnuittcc of the Ijoard of supervisors ap- pointed to equalize the real estate of the .several towns for county taxation, made a report, which was adopted by the board, fixini; the assessment of real estate of Watertown at $2,326,239. The people of Watertown, feeling aggrieved at this equalization, instructed their supervisor to appeal from the action of the board to the comptroller, which he did, and that official decided tliat $1,358,461 ought to be deducted from the amount of the equalized assessment, and the excess of taxes, in consequence of such cxces.sive valua- tion, to wit, $21,192, ought to be paid back to Watertown. The board of supervisors were not content with this finding of the comptroller, and tlirrefore brought the case by cer- t iorari hvl'itrc the supremo court, which, in 186!), niudifiod the comptroller's decision, placing the true excess of equal- ized value at $864,808, and the liue excess of tax at $13,491, and ordered the board to levy that excess of tax on the towns of tbe county, except Watertown, and pay the amount over to tlie latter town. 'Die Imanl refused to obey the decree of the court, and a iitdiKhnuiis was issued November 25, 1869, from the sujirenie court to compel the board to levy the tax, whcrcupion the ca.sc was taken to the court of appeals, which affirmed the decision of the supreme court, and sent the case back to the lower tribunal for final judgment and collection. In November, 1870, the board voted to levy the tax, but disagi'eed as to the interest and costs which had accumulated, whereupon another writ of luandamus was i.ssued, commanding the board to levy a sum sufficient, on the other towns of the county, to pay Water- town the judgment interest and cost, then amounting to $14,257.70, which the board proceeded to do. Bonds to the amount of $1,597,700 were issued by the authorities of Jefferson County, in aid of volunteer enlist- ments, in the War of the Rebellion. There was received from the State in 1865, on account of bounties jiaid, $612,100, and the amount was used to reduce taxation and in buying up the outstanding and unmatured bonds of the county. The total taxes paid in the county in 1864 amounted to $457,257.77, of which $258,631.07 were county taxes. The heaviest county tax was paid in 1869, the same amounting to $290,881.18, and the aggreg-ate of taxes being §444,730.08. In 1866, the town taxes amounted to $115,086.34. From 1860 to 1876, both years inclusive, the people of Jefferson County have paid in taxes the sum of $5,683,246.10,* to the State, county, and town authorities, aside from their excise and internal revenue taxes. The amount of outstanding bonded in- debtedness of the county at the present writing is $332,000. The bonded indebtedness of the towns on November 1, 1876, and which was incurred by aid voted to railroads in 18G9-1872, was as follows: Original Siibsciiption. Amount Out..itaniling. Alexandria $60,000 Clnun]iion 35,000 Clayton 1110,000 Ilounsfield 75,000 Philadelphia 30,000 Rutl.indt 3,000 Theresa 00,000 Watertown (old town) 300,000 Watertown CityJ US. 000 Wilna 1110,1100 Add county indebtedness. $60,000 34,100 100,000 75,000 29,000 3,000 60,000 206,000 138,000 87,500 $882,600 332,000 Total in'«liolcla worlli from i,M tu £lu« Elt'rtorH, nut fruclnililcrrt, rerttin^ tencnietitJ) worth 405. per annum Frff white mules iiTider IM ycjira of iiKe " " " uf till- agi< of IS iinil under 45 " '* " of 4') yeiirH iind Ul)ward9 Free while femixle^ under IS years " " " of Iho uge "f IS end uniler45 " " *' of 4.') years and upwards All other free pers mis SIa%es ( llruwnville 1, Uounsftcld 18, Lo Hay 4, Watortown 5, Wilna -Jy. 18.604 l,o:i'J 107 1,041 0,;iU7 7IU 7(H) 217 30 No statistics but those of population were taken at this time. The national census of 1820 gave the fjllowing returns : While niiilei under 10 5,592 fpini 10 to l)i a,4i'i9 " 10 tu 18 7U0 " ** " 10 tu 20, including tieuds of families 3,R:U " " " 20tu4.'., " " 4,143 White males, 4.", and upwards, " " 1,574 White leuiates undel" 111 5,521 from 10 tu 10 2,3U7 " " from 10 to 2l>, including heads of families 3,005 " " " 20 lu l.'i. " " 3,1140 White females of 45 and iipwaiils, incliiiliiig lioads of families 1,250 Kureigners nut mit(]t'aH/.ed 7S7 Persuns engaged in agriculture 134 " *' in manufacture 1,003 Slaves (Antwerp 4, Le Itay 1) 5 Colored males, free 7'J " females, free 03 Statistics of agriculture and manufactures were taken in 1820, but we are not aware that they were printed in de- tail by separate counties. The several State censuses, taken in 182.1, 183.5, and 1845, give the following iiumbeis of the difterent classes of population and statistics of agriculture and manufactures in this county : 1825. Mules 21.8:!2 Femftlos lil.SlS Subject to uiililary duty 5,00(1 Voters S.lo:! Aliens l,u:iU 157 1.02 12 Paupers Colored persons not ta.Ked tii.ved " '* Vdters 2 Married temales under 4.") 5,4iMl Unmarried females 10 to 4.') 2,743 " " under IB y,(ij7 Married year previous 332 Uirths— iualos, " UGH •• females, " 900 Deaths— males, " 2Sl ** fciualcs, ** 216 Acres improved land 173,147 Neat cattle 44,730 Horses 8,072 Sheep ilf.,408 Hogs 3S,2ilO Yards fulled cloth year previous.. " flannel, etc " linen, cotton, otc Grist-mills S.iiv- mills Oil. mills Fulling-mills C irding-muehines Cnttou-faeturios Woolen -faetorios I run -works — Trip-hammers Di.-^tillerics Asheries Tanneries tilass-faetories Rope-factories Breweries . 7n,si4 , 101,122 121),23« 54 107 4 34 3il 3 IS 30 14!1 1835. 27,140 2o,89S 4,fi(lG lll.j'.i-; 1,712 Si) 125 12 li.'JlS 4,01)3 ll.U'J2 395 1,008 1,017 355 378 258,348 70,737 15,813 114,371 57,095 77,043 99,438 98,055 47 134 2 28 27 2 10 12 13 43 30 1 1 3 1846. 64.999 33,324 5,893 1.3,772 2,049 147 168 9 8,399 5,485 1.3,495 749 1,205 1,025 354 430 380,789 85,934 16.397 184,630 53,008 80,135 113,104 70,304 54 108 2 26 25 2 10 21 11 C 48 1 2 4 The census of 1830 and 1840 gave the following returns from Jefferson County. 1840. M h'tes under 5.. 5 to 10 " 15 " 20 " 30 " 10 15 20 30 , 40 Mal.-S. Females. Males. Females 4,301 4,074 4,855 4,638 3,901 3,698 4,015 4.217 3,211 3,053 3,907 3,023 2,.i99 2,716 3,047 3,077 4.376 4,152 5,083 5,231 3.042 2,440 3,687 3,462 1830. 184(1. Mah's. Fi-nmh-s. Slat&t. Felunles. Whitcs40to 50 l,s-2 1,041 2,600 2,184 " 50 " 60 1,03(1 830 1,567 1,106 " 00 •' 70 47t 417 838 727 " 70 " 80 195 176 361 299 " 80 " 90 47 4 79 90 " 90 " 100 2 4 11 7 " over 100 2 Colored persons 05 74 70 71 From the census of 1840 we derive the following: Iron. — Cast iron rurnacev, 6; tons, 1106; forges — mill, 1; tons, 80; tons of fuel consumed, 1869; men employed, 250; capital in- vested, $59,000. Lend. — Smelting-housc, I; pounds, 300,000; c.ipital invested, S10,000. /■„)•<•»(.— Value of lumber, $247,448; tons jint and penrlash, 1006; value of furs and skins, $25 ; other products of the forest, $15,854; men employed, 131. Mntut/ncturcH. — Machinery made, $35,000; men employed, 48; manufactures of metal, ?22, 000; men employed, 18; marble, value, $30; bricks and lime, $11,732; men employed, 32. WitoL — Fullinj;-inills, 22 ; woolen manufactories, 11 : value man- ufactured. $205,300; persons employed, 292; capital invested, $273,800. C'tttun. — Factories, 1 ; spindles, 1000 ; value manufactured, $10,000 ; persons employed, 40; capital invested, $10,000. Tnhtivfit. — Manufactured, $1000; persons employed, 3. Jfats, eti: — Value manufactured, $13,350; value straw bonnets, $1000: persons employed, 32 : ca]>ital invested, $7000. Lenihfr. — Tanneries, 31: sides sole leather tanned, 10,448; sides upper leather tanned, 22,340 ; men employed, 1 13 ; capital investod, $88,200: other manufactures of leather, $9S,S00; capital invested, $19,100. S'tfip and Citudtes. — Pounds of soap, 19,700; tallow candles, pounds, 34,040; men employed, 5; capital invested, $3000. DiHliHed and Ft'rmeiited Lu/uorg. — Distilleries, 9; gallons produced, 313,344; breweries, 8 ; gallons produced, 04,000 ; men employed, 31 ; capital invested, $37,500. Medicinal Dnitjt, PtiiitiM, c/e., $1500. Piiper. — Manufactory, 1; value made, $10,000. Printing^ etc. — Offices. 4; binderies, 1; weekly papers, 5; men employed, 28; capital invested, $16,300. t'urdfiffc. — Rope-walk, 1 ; value made, $8000; men employed, 5. Cnryitifjcfi^ ch\ — Value merchandise, $44,400; men employed, 70 ; capital invested, $20,160. Mills. — Flouring-mills, 8; barrels of flour made, 11,900; grist- mills, 34; saw-mills, 109; oil-mill.<, 4; value of manufactures, $299,514; men employed, 177; capital invested, $194,200. Furniture. — Value made, $24,250; men employed, 42; capital invested, $9340. Ifoutcs. — Built of wood year jirevious, 147 : brick and stone houses, 23; men employed, 318; value of buildings, $223,790. All other ninnufaetures not enumerated, $74,493; capital invested, $22,358; total manufacturing capital, $721,249. The census of 1845 gave many details, for which the former ones afford no means of comparison, viz. : A'lilivili/. — New York, 50,582; New England, 7528; other States, 557; Great Britain and Provinces, 4200; France, 424; Germany, 425; other European countries, 99. Children. — Between 5 and 10, 18,019; attending common schools, 15,059; attending )irivate sehoolsi, 023: attending academies, 73; attending colleges, 14. Chnrehei. — Baptist, 19; E]tiscopal, 0; Presbyterian. 16 ; Congre- gational, 9 ; Methodist, 24; Catholic, 5; Dutch Reformed. 3; Uni- tarian, 2; Jewish, 1: Quakers, 2. Number of elergymen, 100; salary, $28,040.30. Schools. — Academies, 1; common schools, 357; cost of schools, $74,927.70; costof improvements, $3,041.10 ; pujdls, 15,761 ; uverngc attendance, 9380 : private schools, 20 : pujiils, 620. Pro/caHinua. — Attorneys, 48; jdiysicians, 102; merchants, 200; manufacturers, 253; meehanics, 2309; farmers, 11,002; inns, 118: wholesale stores, 3; retail stores, 101 ; groceries, 57. ei-..;>».— Wheat 32,919 acres, 421,819 bushels; corn 17,432 acres. 90 HISTORY OK JKFFEllSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 4li7,230 buslicls: biirloy 11,007 acres, 1J0,S72 bushels; peas 10,079 acres, 15:i,37-l bushels: onts 2(!,4G2 iicrcs, 703,232 bushels; r.ve BilfiO acres, 55,457 bushels; buckwheiit 2882 ncrcs, 12,128 bushels; potatoes 8628 acres, 1,2.!5,I3H bushels; beans fiCO acres, G974 bushels; turnips 159 acres, 18. 53S bushels; flax llOli acres, 208,545 ]ioun(ls. Cows niilkcd, 41,.360. Butter, .1,080,707 pounds. Cheese, 2,802,314 pounds. The census of 1850 funii.slics the following statistics: Total population, 68,153; males, 34,748 ; females, 33,223 ; colored (males 90, females 92), 182: United States born, 60,281; foreign bom, 7872; deaths year previous to June 1, 572; marriages year previous to June 1, 773; persons over 20 who cannot read, 1577; do. foreigners, 899. Dwelling-houses, 11,026; families, 12,235; farms, 5500; number of ehurches, 89; children attending school, 18,605. Manufacturing capital, .'?1, 443, 002 ; raw material used, $1,452,345 ; value of product, $2,657,983; males employed, 2004; females em- ployed, 391. Acres of impro\e(l land, 41S.540; acres of uninii)roved hiiul. 179,799 ; cost > alue of farms, $13,980,823 ; cost value of farming im- plements and iniichinery, $679,293. Live-stock — number of horses, 15,400; mules, 1; milch cows, 45,186; working oxen, 3436; other cattle, 29,370; sheep, 00,330; swine, 27,873; value of live-stock, $2,515,100; value of slaught'jred animals, $323,360. Af/ricnltural Prodnctn. — Bushels of whe:it, 270,137; rye, 71,370; corn, 367,731; oats, 430,303; barley. 227,416; buckwheat, 15,182: peas anil beans, 76,244; potatoes, 77,417: pounds wool, 192,168; butter, 3,584,376; cheese, 4,192,719; hay, 131,949 tons; elovcr-soed, 31 bushels; other grass-seeds, 6127 bushels; flax, pounds, 2954; flax-seed, bushels, 644; maple-sugar, pounds, 818,394; molasses, gal- lons, 1705; wine, 54 gallons; beeswa.x and honey, 26,186 pounds; value of home-made products, $80,110; value of orchard j)roducts, $43,227 ; value of products of market-gardens, .$2056. Of the pliice of nativity of tlie citizens of the county the census of 1850 gives the fullowinu;: New York, 53,199; Maine, 88; New Hampshire, 816 ; Vermont, 2055 ; Mas- sachusetts, 1877 ; Riiode Island, 338 ; Connecticut, 1369 ; New Jei'sey, 1C9; Penii.sylv;inia, 1()3 ; Delaware, 8; Mary- land, 14; District of Coluinhia, 8; Virginia, 11; North Carolina, 1 ; South Carolina, 1 ; Georgia, 1 ; Louisiana, 3; Ohio, 60 ; Jliehigan, 42; Illinois, 27 ; other States, 31; England, 11)47 ; Ireland, 254(5 ; Scotland, 284 ; Wales, 55; Germany, 585 ; France, 401 ; Holland, 2 ; Italy, 6 ; Swit- zerland, 65 ; Prussia, 1 ; British America, 2830 ; West Indies, 1 ; other countries, 17 ; unknown, 52. From the census of 1860 we gather the following infor- mation: White population, 34,898 males, 34,713 females; total white, 69,611. Colored, 102 males, 107 females; total colored, 209. Total population, 69,820. Of the above-enumerated inhabitants 30,096 white males and 3(1,270 white females were native-born; and 4804 males and 4446 femidcs were foreign-born. Of the colored people 189 were natives of the States, and 20 were foreign-born, making the aggregate native population 60,555, and the foreign-born 9270. The agricultural statistics are as follows : Improved acres, in farms 510,920 Iniiuprove.I lands '. 29:1,490 Cash value of farms $25,542,788 Value of farming implements and machinery 806, (jlO Value of live-sloek 3,441,925 Value of orelninl jiroducts 45,860 \'alue ii IC' 12,01)0 58 22,210 e7i oo,uuo 4 e.iiuo 500,000 oi,iflol 20,400 20,0110 a6,ooo CC,G:i5 15,oool 120] 587,7«1 10 liu;705 24 4,750 l;i| 46,000] 2B91 196,070 431 48,905 80 1 80,000 24' 01,200 23 32,200 18 5,IHI0 371 11,030, 3,000 31 1 40,000 40, 119,000 36, 100,000 05 00,000 32! 27,700 1 128 1 71,r)00 72 68,100 100 300,000 181 4,90ol 03,000 08,ulenf, and diffusing the * History of Agricultural Societies on the Modern Berkshire System, p. 1 10. 92 UISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. republican principle of equality by elevating and dignify- ing the pursuits of the laboring classes. " The following is a copy of the first articles of associa- tion of our county society : '"1. The objects of this society arc the promotion and improTcment uf agricultural and rural cconomj. ** ' 2. Every member of this society shall subscribe these articles, or a copy thereof, and pay, at the time of subscribing, one dollar to the treasury for the use of the society ; he shall also pay in like manner, on or before the second Tuesday of October, one dollar, annually, so long as he continues a member: and whenever a member chooses to withdraw, he shall have liberty so to do on giving notice in writing to the secretary and paying all arrears and dues, including the cur- rent 5'ear. " ' 3. The officers of the society shall consist of a president, two vice-president?, a secretary, and a treasurer, to be chosen by ballot, and such other officers as the by-laws shall direct. '"4. The next meeting of the society shall be on the last Monday of December next, at the house of Isaac Lee: at which meeting, and at any future stated meeting of the society, the members present shall have power to make such laws and regulations as they shall deem expedient for carrying into effect the objects of this society. •* * 6. Xo salary or pecuniary reward shall be allowed to any oflBcer or committee of this society for discharging their official duties.* "The by-laws provided for two stated meetings annually, on the first Mondays of March and October, at the first of which the oflBcers were to be elected, and at the latter a fair was to be held. The general affairs of the society were vested in a committee, consisting of the president, secretary, and five members; and a committee of three members was to be appointed in each town to distribute seeds, plants, scions, books, et«., and to receive and transmit meritorious communications to the central body. Honorary members were to be admitted on a two-third vote. A 'viewing committee,' of five, to judge on the improve- ments and cultivation of lands ; a ' committee of produce,' nine in number, to judge on the quantity and quality of produce; and an 'inspecting committee,' of nine, for do- mestic iiniinals. were to be annually appointed by the exec- utive committee. "The first address before the society was delivered by L3 Ray de Chaumont. After alluding to the interest he hud felt on thi.s subject, and the part he had taken in the first settlement of Otsego county, in 1785, he adds: " ' It has now the honor to take the lead in establishing in this great Slate the 6r..t ngricultural society. I mention this example more particularly as being, by a greater analogy with us, more easy to fol- low, and to excite a noble and profitable emulation. . . . The object of our society, and its more direct business, is to encourage every branch of agriculture and rural economy best adapted to our soil and climate, by a well-digested combination of science and practice; to promote inquiries and receive information the most useful to ag- riculture : to suggest experiments and improvements which may tend to the amelioration and prosperity of agriculture, and, of course, our manufactures, of which they arc the aliinint and support. By pre- miums we excite a spirit of generous pride and emulation : a desire to gain a knowledge of the most profitable and practical husbandry; to get the best breeds of domestic ai^imals : in more neatly cultivate our farms; to raise the cleanest and beat crops; in a word, to make ngri- cultnrc more systematic, lucrative, and respectable.' •' From this quotation it wa.s evident that at that period the advanliiges to be derived from association were fully appreciated, and the experience of nearly forty j-ears has done little more than to confirm the views of these pioneer founders of the society. The venerable John Adams, ex- president of the United States, received, with others, a copy of the proceedings of the first meeting, and he thus wrote: '"QcisCT, February 12, 1S18. "'Sir, — I have received and read with pleasure an address to the Agricultural Society of Jefferson County, in the State of New York, and as I know not from whom it came, who should I thank for it but its author ? I rejoice in every new society which has agriculture for its object, and see with delight that the spirit is spreading through the United States. If I could worship any of the heathen gods, it would be old Saturn, because I believe him to be only an allegorical personification of Agriculture, and the children he devoured to be only his own grapes and figs, apples and pears, wheat and barley. I agree with you in the main in every sentiment, particularly rela- tive to grapes and com ; yet we cannot have perfect roast beef, nor perfect roast spare-rib, nor perfect poultry, without maize. We must therefore sacrifice a little luxury to a great deal of public good. From the style of this address I should not have susjiccted it to have been written by any other than a native of this country. Thirty- nine years ago I little thought I should live to see the heir-apparent to the princely palaces and garden of Passy, my fellow-citizen in the republican wilderness of .America, laying the foundation for more ample domains and perh:Lps more splendid palaces. I observed tbe motto of the Hotel de Valenciennes, which I had then the honor to inhabit, "«e stn bent, mom ee r*iore,'* — If you stand well, stand still. But you have proved tbe maxim not to be infallible, and I rejoice in it. "'Your sincere well wisher and humble servant, "' JoB.N .^DAMS. " ' Le Ray tte Chaiiniout.' "At the first meeting, upon motion of Ethel Bronson, I a committee of nine persons, styled a 'committee of man- ufactures.' was added to those previously' existing. " The first cattle-show and fair of the society was held on the 28th and 29th of September, 1818. The first day was devoted to the exhibition of stock and domestic manu- facture, and iu receiving communications on various sub- jects presented by the occasion. Governor Clinton, Gen- eral Stephen Van Rensselaer, Colonel Jenkins, G. Parish, and other distinguished strangers were present on the stand with the officers of the society. The pens for cattle were arranged in a circle, the platform in the centre, and the do- mestic manufactures were displayed in the court-house. In the course of the afternoon Roswell Woodruff exhibited a cart drawn by seventeen ^-oke of oxen and steers, the product of his own farm. Judge Hubbard and Colonel Harris, of Champion, exhibited a cart drawn by fifteen yoke of very fine fat cattle, and the officers of the society dined at the house of Butler Ranney, where extensive prepara- tions had been made for the occasion. On the 2'Jth a plowing-match came off with horse- and ox-teatns, after which a procession was formed, which, preceded by a band of music attached to the Second Regiment United States Infantry, marched to the court-house, while a salute was fired at the arsenal, under the direction of Major Masters. An address was delivered by J. D. Le Ray de Chaumont, the president of the society, which was followed by one by De Witt Clinton, then Governor of the State. Believing that the latter will be read with peculiar interest, we here insert it: '"Independent of the very flattering references which have been made in the very able adur internal navigation, the markets of the north and south will be open to its |>roductions, wo must be persuaded that the attainment of fullness of population and exuberance of wealth depends entirely upon yourselves. *' ' You have, gentlemen, wisely chosen the true road which leads to prosperity. Agriculttire is the source of subsistence : subsistence is the basis of population : and population is the foundation of prosper- ity and pi>wer. Agriculture is also the parent of individual and na- tional opulence. It comprehends in its operations all tiic sources of wealth. It employs lanil, labor, and capital. It com])riscs the cul- tivation of all the fruits of the earth, embraces almost every method of obtaining food for labt)r, and includes the raising of domestic an- imals, because that employment is necessarily identified with the cultivation of vegetable food. Anrl as the prosperity of a country essentially eneculiar anxiety to this region ; when you passed with honor through the difficulties with which you were environed, and vindicated the character of America at the point of the sword. On this day the j>ublic eye is lixeti on you with equal attention to view the prosperity of your agriculture and the wide- spreading an0, and held two sessions, one in April and the other in October, passing altogether four laws. On March 19, 1691, Governor Sloughtcr arrived, com- missioned by the new sovereigns, and directed to re-establish the general assembly and reinstate the people in their rights.* The elections in the colony up to March 27, 1778, were held before the sheriff, by poll or livu vuce vote; but the constitution, in deference to the popular and growing demand for the ballot system, provided for the same as an " experiment,'' and directed the legislature to pass the necessary laws, after the cessation of hostilities, then waging between the colonies and the mother country, to carry into effect the provision ; guarding the same care- fully, however, in order that if the " experiment" should not ]irove "all the fancy painted it." the former system should again prevail.")" On the date last mentioned, the legislature provided for the election by ballot of a governor and lieutenant-governor, but retained the viva voce system for the election of repre- sentatives. This preliminary law remained in force until February 18, 1787, when the necessary legislation was had to put in full operation the ballot system, which has ever * Leisler, resisting Governor Sloughter's rights, was arrested for treason, comlemned. ami esccutci.1. t See ronstilution, 177". since obtained. By this law the sheritf received the ballot- boxes with the ballots, returning those for governor, lieuten- ant-governor, and senators to the secretary of State's office, where they were canvas.scd by a joint committee of the legis- lature. The ballots for assemblymen were canvassed by the mayor and ahhTinen in New Y'ork city, and by the board of supervisors, judges, and assistant justices of the coui-ts of Common Pleas elsewhere. This system was done away with by an act of March 27, 1799, and local boards instituted, who were required to inspect atid canvass the ballots, the result to be recorded by the town clerk, who was to return it to the county clerk for the same purpose, by whom it was trans- mitted to the secretary of State, to be by him also recorded. A board of State canvas.sers, consisting of the secretary of State, comptroller and treasurer, then canvasses these re- turns and publishes the result. By the act of 1787 gen- eral elections were held on the last Tuesday of April, and might continue for five days. The inspector system, with some amendments, is still in force, the board of supervisors being the county canvassing board, and the Slate board being composed of the officers comprising the .same under the law of 1797, and, in addition thereto, the attorney-gen- eral. State engineer, and surveyor, any three of whom form a quorum. The inferior civil niatiistratcs and officers under the Dutch had been elected, and in the articles of cajtitu- lation of 1604 it was stipulated those officers then in office should fill out their unexpired terms, when new incum- bents should be elected who should swear allegiance to the new power. It was expressly stipulated that the " town of Manhattans should choose deputycs who should have free voyces in all publique affairs, as much as any other deputyes." The electors under the colonial rule were such of the in- habitants as were freeholders of forty pounds value, or had an income of forty shillings per annum, or paid a rental of that amount, or were freemen of the cities of New I'ork and Albany. Under the first constitution, the governor, lieutenant-governor, and senators were chosen by freehold- ers, being actual residents, and possessed of freeholds of the value of one liundred jiounds over and above all debts charged thereon. For members of a.ssembly, male iidiabit- ants who had resided within one of the counties of the State six months i)receding the election could vote, pro- vided they owned within the county a freehold of twenty ■pounds, or jiaid a yearly rent of forty shillings, and were rated and actually paid taxes. By an act of April 9, 1811, these values were changed to corresponding sums in the Federal currency, viz., two hundred and fifty dollai-s, fifty dollars, and five dollars. No discriminations were made against blacks and mulattoes, except that they were re- quired to produce authenticated certificates of freedom. Freemen of Albany and New Y'ork cities were entitled to vote for assemblymen, without the property qualification, provided they were such freemen of Albany at the time of the adoption of the constitution, and of New York, Octo- ber 14, 1775. The elective officers under the first consti- tution were those already named, and town-offieors, except justices of the peace, all others being appointed by the gov- ernor and a council of appointment, which latter was com- i posed of one senator from each district, openly nominated 96 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUiNTY, NEW YORK. and a]i[ioiMtL'd each j-ear b}' tlie assembly, no senator being eligible twt) years suecessively. Nearly every eivil, military, and judicial officer was appointed by this council. In 1821, eight thoui^and two hundred and cighty-.'scvcn military and six thousand six hundred and sixty-three civil officers held their commissions by its authority. The council grew arbi- trary and abu.sod it.s power, wielding it oftentimes for par- tisan purposes, and hence became unjiopular and dista.stcf'ul among the people, and the constitution of 1 821 abolished it without a dissenting voice. The journals of the council fill fourteen manuscript volumes in the office of secretary of State. The con.stitulion last named vested the power of the council of appointment, modified and restricted, in the governor and senate, extended the list of elective officers largely, and made more liberal concessions on suffrage. In 1826 an amendment was adopted by the people, making the elective franchise free to all white male citizens resident one year in the State, regardless of property qualifications, the vote being 127,077 for, to 8215 against the extension, in the State; and in 1845 an amendment was adopted for the abrogation of the property qualification for office. The time of holding the general elections was changed, under the constitution of 1821, from April to November; and April 5, 1842, an act was pa.ssed directing elections to be held in one day, on the Tuesday succeeding the first Monday in November. The first constitution declared ministers of the gospel and priests ineligible to office, civil or military, in order " that they might have no hindrance in giving their entire attention to their sacred calling," and the constitution of 1821 continued the disability ; but the " cloth" are eligible now to any station the people may see fit to elevate them to. Under the constitution of 1821, the governor appointed the judicial oflicers, justices of the peace being nominated to him by the boards of supervisors, ami county judges as under the fir.st constitution, until 1826, when the latter officials were made elective. Under the first constitution the clerks of the courts were appointed by the tribunals which they served ; but in 1796 the office was abolished, and the county clerks made ex-njjicio clerks of the several courts iu the counties. Under the constitution tif 1846, nearly every civil oflice was made elective, and have remained so to the j)resent time, the people refusing to sanction a proposition to make the judges of the courts appointive in 1873. In 1SG9, the jieoplc also put the stamp of their disapprobation upon a proposed article in the defeated constitution of 1867, for •juaiified suffrage. CONURESSIONAL DISTRICTS. The constitution of the United States directs that a cen- sus be taken every ten years, which liius been fixed at those ending with a ci]iher, and after each enumeration Congress ajiportions the representation among the several States. Under the first constitution of New York, the apportion- ment for the State was as follows: 1789, ratio 30,000, 6 representatives; April 14, 1792, ratio 38,000, 10; Janu- ary 14, 1802, ratio 33,000, 17; December 21, 1811, ratio 35,000, 27. Under the constitution of 1821, the appor- tionment was as follows: March 7, 1822, ratio 40,000, 34 representatives; May 22, 1832, ratio 47,000, 40; June 25, 1842, ratio 70,680, 34. Under the present constitution, the apportionment has been as follows : July 30, 1852, ratio 93,423, 33; July 5, 1861, ratio 127,000, 31 ; 1872, ratio 133,000, 33. As soon as practicable after each apportionment, the legislature divides the State into congressional districts. In the first two divisions the districts were not numbered, the tliiid division, in 1797, being the first one to number them. By an act of March 20, 1802, Herkimer, Oneida, and St. Lawrence were made the 15th district. The act of erection made Jefferson and Lewis a part of this district; and April 8, 1808, Herkimer, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and Jefferson were made the 10th district. On June 10, 1812, Lewis, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence were made the 18th; April 17, 1822, Oswego, Jefferson, Lewis, and St. Law- rence were made the 2()th, and entitled to two meinhevs ; June 29. 1832, Jefferson was made the 18th ; September 6, 1842, Jefferson was made the 19th; and July 10, 1851, Jefferson and Lewis were made the 23d. In 1862, Her- kimer, Lewis, and Jefferson were made the 20lh, and in 1871 the last-named counties were constituted the 22d. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS, giving the years when elected. 1798— Jonas Piatt. 1800— lionjamin Walker. 1802— Gayloril Griswokl. 1S04 — Nathan Williams. 1806— William Kirk Patrick. 1808— John Nicholson. 1810— Silas Stow. 1812-U— Moss Kent. 1810— Daviil A. Ogdcn. 1818— William D. I'orcl. 1820— Micah Sterling. 1822— Ela Collins, Egbert Ten Eyck. 1S21— Xicoll Fosdick, Egbert Ten Evek. 182C— Silas Wright, KiiJul|,h Bunncr. 1828— Jose). h Hawkins. Geo. Fisher. 1S30— Daniel Warduell. Chas. Diiyan. 1832-.'!J— Daniel W.arJwcll. 1836— Isaac H. Bronson. 1838-40- Thos. C. Chiltcn- Coffccn. 1807.— jMuss Kent. 180S.— Lewis Graves. 1809.— Corlis Hin.U, D. I. Aiidnis. 1810-1 1.— Moss Kent, E. Bronson. 1812.- D. I. Anrlnis, John Durkcc. 1813.— E. Ten Ejck, (lurk Allen. I814.-^E. Bronson, Clark Allen. ISlo.— E. Bron5.>n, M. Hopkins. 1810.— Amos Sulihins, Abel Cole. 1817.— A. Stcbbins, Eben. Wood. 1818.— Abel Cole, Horivlio Orvis. 1819. — Ge'irge Brown, Jr., J. Cowles. 1820.— II. .Steele, C. McKnigbt. 1821.— Ainos Stcbbins, K. Goodalc. 1822.- G. Andrus, J. B. Esselstyn. 182.'!-2.').— Richard Goodale, George AVhite, John B. Esselst.yn. 1S26-28.— David W. Bucklin, Daniel AVardwell, Al|ibeus S. Greene. 18211. — Jcrre Carrier, Titus Ives, Flcury Keith. 1830. — Aaron Brown, Curtis G. Brooks, Charles Orvis. 18;jl.— Walter Cole, Kleur.v Keith, Joseph C. Budd. 1.832.- William H. Angel, I'hilip Maxwell, Nathan Strong. 1833.— Jolham Ives, John Burch, William II. Angel. 1834.— AVilliain H. Angel, Eli West, Calvin MeKiiight. 1.835.— Charles Strong, Eli FarwcU, Calvin Clark. 1836.- Lowrey Barney, Otis P. Starkey, Richar.l llulbert. 1837.— Jothaui Bigclow, Richard Hulbert, John W. Taniblin. 1838.— Daniel Wardwcll, Richard Hulbert, John W. Tamblin. 1839.— Calvin Clark, Charles E. Clarke, Philij. Gage. 1840.— Calvin Clark, Charles E. Clarke, Stephen Johnson. 1841. — William C. Pierrepont, Joseph Webb, William McAllaster. 1812.- Elihu McNeil, Elihu C. Church, John W. Tamblin. 1843. — Elihu C. Church, Joseph Graves, Job Lamson. 1844.- Samuel Bond, William Carlisle, Eli West. 1845. — Edward S. Salisbury, Aze! W. Danforth, Lysnnder H. Brown. 1846.— Levi Miller, Henderson Howk, Elihu M. McNeil. 1847 — John Boyden, John D. Davidson, Samusl J. Davis. Jefferson County, under the new con.stitution, was divi- ded into three assembly districts, as follows: Thr Fir.ll District, comprising Watertown, Henderson, Adams, Ellisburg, Lorraine, Rodman, Hounsfield, and Worth. The Seconil Dixlrict, comprising Rutland, Champion, Wilna, Philadelphia, Antwerp, Le Ray, Theresa, and Alexandria. The Third District, comprising Brownville, Lyme. Cape Vincent, Clayton, Pamelia, and Orleans. The members under that arrangement were as follows : 1848.- 1849.- 1850.- 1851.- 1852.- 1853.- 1854.- 1855.- 1856.- 1S57». 1S5S.- 1859.- 1860.- 1861.- 1862.- 1863.- 1864.- 1,865.- 18661-. 1867.- Fiist Itistrict. -Benjamin Maxon. -George Gates. -John Winslow. -William A. Gilbert. -William A. Gilbert, -.lames Gifford. -Calvin Litlleficld. -Calvin Littlefield. -Hart Massey. —Calvin Littlcfield. -George Babbitt. -Russell Wc:iver. -Barnard D. Searles. -David Montague. -Jonathan M..Ackley. -Chas. A. Benjamin. -Geo. M. Hopkinson. -Jas. G, Kellogg. -Theo. Canliehl. -Lafay. J. Bigclow. Second P'strict. Harvey D. Parker. John L. .Marsh. Joel Haworth. Jidin Pool, Jr. Merri! Colburn. Dewitt C. West. Jesso E. Willis. Moses Eamcs. Franklin Parker. Cleanthus Granger. Elihu C. Church. Patrick S. Stewart. W. W. Taggart. Daviil J. AVager, (icorge W. Ila/.lcton. Levi Miller. Lewis Palmer. Lewis Palmer. Nelson 1>. Ferguson. Albert D. Shaw. TliirJ District. Fleury Keith. Bernard Bagely. Alfred Fo.\. Lorin Bushncll. William Rouso. Charles Smith. William Dewey. Joshua Main. Isaac AVells. Abner W. Peck. Robert F. Austin. Firman Fish. Moses C. Jewett. Harvey Bailey. William Dewey. William Dewey. William Dewey. R. B. Biddlccom. R. B. Biddlccom. ^ In 1857 a ui'w apjiortioTimunt and redistrioting was made, the re]>resentation remaining unchanged, but the districts being altered. Brownville was transferred from the first to tlic third ; Watertown to the second from the first; Alexandria from the second to the (bird : and Theresa from the second to the thirtl. f In 1866 the representation of Jefferson County was reduced to two assemblymen and the county divided into two districts. The first one coniprising the towns of Adams, Champion, Ellisburg, Henderson, Hounsfield, Lorraine, Rodman, Rutland, Watertown, and Worth: the sctiond district comprising the towns of Alexandria, Antworji, Brownville, Cape Vincent, Clayton. Le Ray, Lyme, Orleans, Pamelia, Philadelphia, Theresa, and Wilna. These districts con- linuc thus limited at the present time. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 99 1868. — Ij. J. Bigclow. Andrew Cornwall. ] 8(59-70. —Jnj- Dimick. W. AV. liutterfielil. 1871. — Oliver li. Wvinan. .rnnies .Johnson. 1872.— Oliver H. Wymiin. Wm. W. Enos. 187.3. — Eliiiu Persons. Ilorntio S. Henilie. 1874.— Elam Persons. Hugh Pniilh. 1875. — Eliini Persons. (ieorgc E. Yost. 1S7C. — Lotus Ingnlls. Lansing beckcr. ],S7". — Charles R. Skinner. Henry Spioer. UELEOATES TO THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS. 1821.— Egbert Ten Eyck and Horace Steo!c. 184B.— Alphcus S. Orcene, A/.el Danforth, and Elihii M. McNeil. 1807.- James A. Bell, M. H. Merwin. Marcus liickford, and Edward A. Brown. Coiinly Clerks. — By appoiiitiiiciit anmially by the gover- nor and couucil before 1821, aud by election since. Terms, throe years : Henry Coffeen, 1805-G ; Egbert Ten Eyck,1807-10 ; Ben- jamin Sicinner, 1811-12 ; Richard M. Esselstyn, 1813-1-4 ; B. Skinner, 1815-20; George Andrus, 1820-21 ; Henry H. Slierwood, 1822-24 ; Peieg Biirehard, 1820-40 ; Daniel Lcc, 1841-43; Charles B. Hoard, "1844-4G; James G. Lynde, 1847-49; Isaac 3Iunson, lSJO-52; John L. Marsh, 1853-58; R. B. Biddlecom, 1859-61; Dexter Wilder, 1SG2-67; Nelson D. Ferguson, 18G8-70; Jacob Stears, Jr., 1871-76; George Cole, 1877, and present incumbent. . Slwriffs (by appointment previous to 1821, and by elec- tion since. Terms, three years). — Abel Sherman, 1805-7 ; Perley Keys, 1808-11; David I. Andrus, 1812; John Paddock, 1813-14; David I. Andrus, 1815-17; Joseph Clark, 1818; Amasa Trowbridge, lSl<)-20; Jason Fair- banks, 1821-25 ; Henry H. Coffeen, 1826-28; John Fay, 1829-31; Heman Jlillard, 1832-34; Chauncey Baker, 1835-37; Abner Baker, 1838-40; Albert P. Brayton, 1841-43; Herman Strong, 1844-46; Walter Collins, 1847-49; Rufus Herrick, 1849-51; Daniel C. Rouse, 1852-54; Wells Benton, 1855-57 ; Abner Baker, 1858- 60; Francis A. Cross, 1861-63; Nathan Strong, 1864- 66 ; James Johnson, 1867-69 ; Addison W. Wheelock, 1870-72; George Babbitt, 1873-75; Abner W. Peck, 1876-78. County Treasurers (by appointment of Board of Super- visors till 1848, and by election since). — Benjamin Skinner^ 1805-7; Joseph Clark, 1807-13; Wm. Smith, 1813-23; Marianus W. Gilbert, 1823-28 ; Jason Fairbanks, 1828- 38 ; Thomas Baker, 1838-40 ; Adriel Ely, 1840^2 ; John Sigourney, 1842-43; Wm. H. Robinson, 1843-46; Silas Clark, 1846-48; Wm. Smith, 1849-51; Silas Clark, 1852 -54; James M. Clark, 1855-57; Myron Beebee, 1858- 63 ; Benj. F. Hotelikiss, 1864-69 ; John M. Carpenter, 1870-75 ; L. W. Tyler, 187*!, and present incumbent. District Attorntijs.—\\\ 1796 (February 12) the ofiSce of Assistant Attorney-General was created for districts, the incumbent.s to be appointed by the governor and council of appointment, and to be in charge of the criminal business previously performed by the clerks of the court. Otsego and Herkimer counties were constituted one di.*trict. In 1801 the office was abolished, and the office of district at- torney created in lieu thereof, with the appointment tliere- for vested in the governor. The counties of Otsego, Oneida, Herkimer, and Chenanuu were constituted one dis- trict, to which Jefferson County was attached by the act of creation. In 1808, Jefferson, Lewis, and St. Lawrence were constituted a separate district, and in 1818, Jefferson alone composed one. The office has been filled as follows : Nathan Williams, 1807; S. AVhittlescy, 1808; Amos Benedict, 1810; S. AVhittl&sey, 1811; Amos Benedict, 1813-14; Ela Col- lins, 1815; D. W. Bucklin, 1818; Horatio Shumway, 1820; D. W. Bucklin, 1821. Under the e(m.slitution of 1821 the attorney was appointed by the court, the .succes- sion being: D. W. Bucklin, Robert Lansing, George C. Shern)an, Wm. D. Ford, D. N. Burnhain, Joseph Mullen, Robert Lansing. Under the constitution of 1847 the office was elective, and has been filled as follows: Joshua Moore, Jr., 1848-51 ; James F. Starbuck, 1852-53 ; De- lano C. Calvin, 1854-56; D. M. Bennett, 1857-59; Brad- ley Winslow, 1860-62; L. J. Bigclow, 1863-65; Bradley Winslow, 1866-63; Pardon C. Williams, 1869-74; Wat- son M. Rogers, 1875-77. Commissioner <>/ Jitxah-eiiei/.—i^. Whittlesey, April 8, 1811. Commissioners to perform duties of Judge of Supreme Court.— Wm. D. Ford, 1817; David W, Bueklin, 1821. Coroners, with date of first a]ipointment : 1S04, Eleazer House, of Turin ; this territory extended over this county ; 18(15, Ambrose Pea.se, Hart ]Mas.sey, Faircbild Hubbard; 1808, Orimel Brewster; 1809, Benjamin Poole, Jr. ; 1810, Nathaniel Haven; 1811, Jason Fairbanks, William War- ing, Andrew S. Bond; 1812, Simccm Forbes; 1813, Elijah Fox, Henry Martin, Seth Bailey, Ezra Stearns; 1814, Daniel Leonard; 1815, Elijah Sheldon, Nathan Burnhain ; 1816, James Perry; 1817, Hiram Steele; 1818, Seth Otis, John B. EsseKstyn, James Shields, Joseph Kellogg, John Cowles, Nathan Brown, Abijah Jenkins; 1820, Wil- liam Merrills; 1821, Suel Wilson, Luther Gilson, Gideon S. Sacket, Eseck Lewis, Jacob C. Greene, Sylvester Smith, John Chamberlain, Eleazer A Scott, Pardon Smith ; 1822, Alfred M. Ackley. Under the late and present constitution coroners have been elected, but we have not been able to procure the names of those between 1822 and 1828. Azariah Walton, Alfred M. Ackley, William Wood, Abijah Jenkins, in 1828; A. Jenkins, Archibald Fisher, James McKeuzie, Elijah Fields, in 1831 ; Luther G Hoyt, E. Fields, Mahlon P. Jackson, in 1834 ; Truman S. Angel, E. Fields. Jotham Bigclow, Ebenezcr Sabiii, in 1837 ; Henry D. Caldwell (did not ViualiFy), Asaliel Smith, Liberty Coiuins,Samuel W.Vincent, James G. Lynde, in 1841 ; Arba Strong, Jedediah McCumber, Pear.son JIundy, in 1843; Samuel W. Gilbert, in 1844 ; Samuel J. Davis, in 1845; James White, Thomas Benjamin, Jacob Cramer, John W. Fuller, in 1846; Andrew Cornwell, in 1847; Abraham Schuyler, Thomas Benjamin, Horace P. Mitchell, in 1849; Je&se Davis, in 1850; A. Schuyler, Aaron Eddy, Patrick Keon,in 1852; Lyman E. Hungerford, in 1853; Ambrose H. Huntington, 1854; Loren Bu.shnell, Nathaniel Inger- son, Walter Failing, 1855 ; Wm. D. Lewis, I'eter 0. Wil- liams, 1856; Rinaldo M. Bingham, 1857; Rinaldo M. Bingham, Jesse Davis, James A. Bell, 1858 ; Loren Bush- nell, Wm. D. Lewis, 1859; Robert G. Angel, Valentine 100 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Parker, 1861; J. B. Tamblin, Robert G. Angel, 1864; Anson G. Thompson, Orriii F. Saunders, 1805; Orrin W. Smith, Addison W. Goodale, Anson G. Thompson, Orrin F. Saunders, 18G8; Orrin W. Smith, 1870; F. B. A. Lewis, 1870-74; Eugene H. Chapman, 187(1-72; Henry W. Jewett, 1870-75; Joseph Thibault, 1871-72; Perry Caswell, 1872-75; S. D. Lord, 1878 and 1870-77; Geo. N. Hubbard, 1874-77; L. B. Fliillips, 1875-77; Jacob Snell, 1870-77. Lonn Comniinsioiiers. — 1808, Gershom Tuttle, Amos Stebbins ; 1810, Henry H. Sherwood, in place of Stebbins ; 1818, Daniel Eamcs, in place of Tuttle ; 1822, Seth Otis, in place of Eames; 1829, Curtis G. Crook.s, in place of Sher- wood ; 1835, Jo.st'ph Graves, in place of Brooks; 1839, Daniel Eames, in place of Otis; 1840, Albert P. Lewis, in place of Graves ; 1843, Joel Wood worth, in place of Lewis ; Martin L. Graves, in place of Eames. M. L. Graves and Joel Woodworth were commissioners when this fund was consolidated with the United States deposit fund in 1850. United Slates Deposit Fund. — April 28, 1837, Jason Marsh, John Macomber ; February 28, 1840, Edward B. Hawes, in place of Marsh ; January 12, 1841, Oliver Child, in place of Macomber ; April 4, 1843, Moses Brown, in place of Child; Rufus H. King, in place of Hawes; February 29, 1848, Nathau Ingerson, in place of Brown; Wells Benton, in place of King; February 28, 1852, Phi- lander Smith, in place of Benton ; Solon Blassey, in place of Ligerson ; 1857-00, Joseph Fagel, John C. Cooper; 1861-63, J. E. Willis, A. C. Moffatt; 1864-66, A. C. Mof- fatt, E. J. Marsh; 1800-08, E. D. Allen, D. M. Hall; 1869-73, Carlton C. Moore, Hiram Converse; 1874-77, Hiram Converse, Henry Bailey. Excise Commissioners (by appointment of county judge and justices of peace under the law of 1857). — 1859-04, John Winslow, Seth Strickland, Jack Putnam ; 1865-71, C. A. Benjamin in place of Strickland; 1868-71, John L. Hotehkiss in plaee of Winslow; 1870-71, B. K. Hawes in place of Putnam. The office was abolished in 1871. School Commissimieis. — lender the act of 1840, the board of supervisors of Jefferson County appointed two commissioners of schools in November, 1841, L-a May- hew and Henry D. Scwell. In 1842, Lysandcr H. Brown was apj)ointed in place of Mr. Sewell, and in 1843 Porter Montgomery succeeded Mr. iMayhew. This year the county was divided into two districts, and Mr. Brown had charge of the northern one, and Mr. Montgomery the southern. In 1844 this division was aboli.shod, and Mr. Montgomery put in charge of the whole county. In 1845 Erwin S. Barnes was appointed, and held the position until the office was abolisheil in 1848. In 1857 the commissioners were elected, and since then have been as follows ; 1858-00, Henry H. Smith, Lafayette Lytic, J. Ferdinand Dayan ; 1861-63, Henry II. Smith, Jedediah Winslow, William Hawes; 1804-06, George A. Ramsey, Samuel D. Barr, George H. Strough ; 1866, Joseph M. Beaman ; 1867-69, Alonzo E. Coolc}', Jo.seph M. Beaman, Charles A. Kelsey ; 1870-72, Alphonso E. Cooley, Bennett F. Biown, Horace E. Morse ; 1873-75, Willard C. Porter, Henry Purccll, George H. Strough; ]87(i-78, W. H. Sias, Ambro.sc E. Sawyer, Don A. Watson. The Jitdjrs of the courts are enumirated in connaction with those tribunals, and the chairman and clerks of the board of supervisors are named in connection with that body. Beside the officers named in the foregoing list, the citi- zens of Jefferson have honorably filled national and State offices as follows: Presidential Electors — 1816, Elijihalet Edmonds, by appointment of Legislature; 1828, Jesse Smith; 1832, Ebenezer Wood ; 1836, Orville Hunger- ford;* 1840, Elhridge G. Merrick; 1844, Azariah Doane ; 1848, John Bradley; 1800, Hiram Dewey; 1864, John Clarke ; 1868, De Witt C. West ; Henry Spencer, 1876. Lieutenant-Governor^ Allen C. Bo.ich, 1870-73. Council of Ajipointment. Perley Keyes, 1816. State's Prison In- spector, James K. Bates, 1860. Auditor in Canal De- partment, James A. Bell, 1870. Private Secretary to Governor, Beman Brockway, 1865. CHAPTER IX. THE LEARNED PROFESSIONS. The B:ir — Tlic Mui.lical Profession — Educational ; Acailemies, Public Schools, Libr;yics — Religious. THE JEFFERSON COaNTl' BAR. In an act relating to attorneys, passed in 1787, it was declared that none should be admitted to the practice of the profession in the courts of the State but " such as have been brought up in the court he applies to, or are otherwise well practiced in soliciting causes, and have been found by the discharge of their duties to be skillful, and of honest disposition." In 1840, the Court of Appeals was given the power to establish rules of admission to the practice of the profession in the State courts, and access thereto was made comparatively an easy matter, and many throughout the State entered on an honorable profession whose subsequent * OriviLLK Hu.vGEiiFonD wfts bom in Fnrmin 'ton, Ootobor 29, 1790. Ho settled in Watertown in 1804, and coininenced a clerkship with Judge Jahcz Fo..Jter in the hitter's .«tore in Rurrvillc, and in 1807 or 1808 removed with him to \VutertoHn, where tliey engaged in mer- cantile business as partners. During the AVar of lS12-I.i the firm was extensively engaged as contractors for su{>plies for the array of Sacket's Harbor. In 1S1.T Mr. Hungerl'ord began trade by himself, and continued therein until 18-12. In the latter year he was elected to Congress, and reprcsentcil the 10th district in that body four years. In 1817 he wa^ nominated for comptroller by the Democratic party, but was defeated by Millard Fillmore, the vote standing thus: JefforBon County. State, For 0. Hungerford 4103 t For 0. Hungerr..rd i:iG.017 " Milhird I'iilmorc 389:! I " Millard Fillmore 171.7.i6 " Lewis Tupjian 489 I '• Lewis T.ippan Itl.lOS While in Citngress he was appidntcd at the lirst session of his first term on the Committees of Revolutionary Pensions and on Accounts, and the business tact and ability which he displayed raised him high in the estimation of his associates, and at the next session he was placed on the most important committee of the House, — that of Ways and Means, — where he fully sustained the reputation he had acquired, that of a thorough business man. He was the first President of the Rome and Capo Vincent Railroad, in the promotion of which he labored with a zeal and energy that knew no weariness or discourage- ment, and clied while holding the position, .\pril fi. IS.M, after an illness of but twelve davs. — HoCGlI. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 101 career lias not been remarkably brilliant ; but notwithstand- ing this fact, so many attorneys of national repute and ac- knowledged ability have been and arc numbered in the annals of the bar of the State, its fame is imjierishablc ; and the Jefferson County bar has contributed no little to the honorable record. The following list of resident attorneys' of Jefferson County has been compiled from the records of the courts of the county where their names a]'pcar, more or less fre- quently, in the conduct of cases before the several tribunals of the Common Pleas, Oyer and Terminer, General Ses- sions, and County Circuit and Supreme Courts, and which list has been revised by two tniineiit practitioners of the early days of the county, as well as of its latter ones. The dates prefixed are the dates of the fir^t appearance of the attorney named in the courts of the county, and the name of tiie town given was, or is, the i)lace of residence of the person named. WiitcrtowH. — 1807, S. Wliittlesey, Amos Benedict, B. Skinner, S. C. Kennedy, Moss Kent; 1808, Micah Ster- ling ; 1800, Wm. Brown ; 1811, D. W. Bucklin, D. Perry, J. M. Canfield, Egbert Ten Eyck ; 181G, Charles E. Clarke, Thomas C. Chittenden, Harlowe Emerson ; 1820, W. H. Shumway; 1821, Wm. I). Ford, Robert Lansing; 1822, A. Loomis, Geo. C. Sherman ; 1825, Isaac G. Bron- son, John Clarke; 1829, Bernard Bagley ; 1830, W. Smith; ISH], Wm. A. Greene, E. Dodge; 1835, J. W. Tamblin ; 183G, Wm. A. Ruger, C. Mason, S. G. Watson ; 1838, A. W. Watson, J. Mullen ; 1840, F. W. Hubbard, W. C. Thompson, Woostcr Sherman; 1841, Randolph Barnes, W. H. Green, E. W. Williams, Charles D. Wright ; 1842, J. Moore, Jr.; 1843, W. W. Sherman, D. M. Bennett, N. P. Wardwell, J. H. Button ; 1S44, Luther J. Dorwin ; 184G, Lysander H. Brown, J. F. Hutchinson ; 1847, Levi H. Brown, G. M. Bucklin, James F. Star- buck, James R. A. Perkins; 1848, John S. Newcomb, A. Wilson, S. J. Hubbard, E. B. Wynn ; 184!), L. H. Ainsworth, W. F. Porter, Lotus Ingalls; 1850, D. C. Calvin, Geo. A. Bagley; 1852, E. Q. Sewall ; 1853, A. C. Beach; 1854, M. H. Merwin, Fred. Emerson, Wm. B. Farwell ; 1855, G. II. Sherman, John Lansing; 1856, Bradley Winslow, M. G. Warrington ; 1857, A. H. Saw- yer, Joseph Spratt; 1858, W. N. Sherman, Milton Bal- lard, L. J. Bigelow, Brockway, N. Whiting, I.^aac -Munson ; 1859, Fred. Lansing, Jr., Jesse T. Reynolds, J. W. Gilbert; 18G0, C. T. Hammoiul, Anson B. Moore, A. D. Sternberg, Chas. A. Sherman, S. D. Barr, H. A. Gates, M. J. Connelly, Chas. H. Kelscy ; 18G1, C. H. Watts, Stephen Strong, S. II. Hammond, John C. McCar- tin; 18G2, W. W. faggart, D. 0. Brien ; 1864, Allan McGregor, John Cosgrove, Ross C. Scott, P. C. Wil- liams; 1865, Francis N. Fitch; 18G6, Edgar North; 1870, 0. G. Walrath, W. M. Rogers, Walter S. Lamb ; 1871, Joseph Mullen, Jr., H. S. Gipson; 1872, H. W. Congdon, E. C. Dorwin, W. H. Hotchkin, E. C. Emerson, Andrew J. Moore; 1873, Thomas F. Kearnes ; 1875, Hannibal Smith, F. H. Remington, George W. Moak ; 1876, W. B. Brecn, Henry C. Cook, Henry Purcell, D. G. Griffin, John W. Hogan, C. W. Hubbard, Frederick D. Sherman ; 1877, George S. Hooker, Wilbur A. Porter, S. S. Trowbridge; date not given, Henry A. Munson, S. R. Pratt. Adams. — 1807, Lyman Munson, Thomas Skinner; 1811, B. Wright; 1816, J. P. Rossiter; 1827, Calvin Skinner; 1831, S. Osgood; 1836, S. Crittenden; 1846, 0. Bushnell; 1849, E. J. Marsh ; 1850, Alonzo Maxson ; 1851, E. A. Brown, Thomas P. Saunders; 1855, G. L. Brown, H. C. Chittenden; 1856, Theo. Hawley, 0. W. Skinner, N. Vickery ; 1859, P. C. Maxscm ; 1860, Parley Brown, Theo. C. Chittenden, 2d; 1861, Wm. H. Brown, A. J. Brown ; 1862, A. E. Cooley ; 1870, E. F. Rams- dell ; 1872, G. B. R. Whipple; 1876, Thomas H. Breen ; date not given, L. L. Hunt, Jr. i?/oii»r///«.— 1807, Thomas Y. How ; 1818, N. Rath- burn ; 1835, Y. H. Howe; 1838, W. W. Wager ; 1848, Do Witt C. Priest; 1850, Silas A. Webb ; 1862, Geo. W. Wager. Snc/cft's ILohor. — 1807, Elisba Camp; 1816, Justin Butterficid, A. Holton ; 1820, Elisha Smith Lee; 1821, Jno. McCarty ; 1822, 1. Steele ; 1829, M. K. Stow ; 1836, D. N. Burnham; 1838, Aug. Ford; 1840, G. H. Camp; 1841, A. Z. McCarty; 1845, E. W. Lewis; 1848, J. Van Vleck ; 1800, Oliver Bobbins, S. C. Green. Ileiiderson. — A. M. Leffingwell. El/lshurff. — i8'[G, S. Wardwell, Daniel Wardwell; 1830, J. W. Bishop; 1840, H. Ackley ; 1849, W. L. Bishop; 1857, Eli Overton; 1860, A. A. Wheeler; 1864, R. R. Tousley. C'/rf/H/ye.— 1842, H. Carpenter; 1844, M. Biekford ; 1845, L. J. Goodale, Chas. Edwards; 1849, Thos. S. Hammond, A. B. Gilbert; 1855, Geo. Gilbert; 1859, A. H. Francis; 1S60, S. J. Pratt, 0. F. Atwood, J. B. Emmes; 1863, Henry J. Welch; 1865, William M. Forbes; 1870, Jno. C. Fulton; 1872, A. E. Kilby, Chas. II. Kimball, Jr. ; 1873, II. C. Cook ; date not given, Gaines 51. Allen. ChampiuH. — 1810, Alfred Lathrop. Rodnmn.—\S-12, Benajah B. Phelps; 1829, Strong; 1845, R. S. Hunt. BellcvUle.—X'SM, E. B. Hawes; 1860, M. A. Hack- ley; 1870, H. C. Hawes. Anticcrp.—\U\, Eli Cook; 1849, P. D. Foster; 1857, Gillctt; 1860, 11. W. Kecne ; 1861, J. F. Cook; 1874, J. C. Trolan. J,e /I'ay.— 1862, Wm. S. Phelps; 1864, Julius D. Bcckwith. l'h!kHklphla.—\'i\A, D. J. Wager. Evan's Mills.— \SU, Allen Nims; 1649, J. Boyer; 1862, Wm. B. Beckwith. 0.tlMv.—lAV.), E. Fowler; 1860, M. V. Brainard. Clayton. — 1855, A. E. Morse; 1862, J. C. Johnson; date not given, N. G. Ilickok, F. T. Evans. Theresa. — 1856, David Bearup, E. R. Keene; 1876, C. W. Thompson. Cape Vincent. — 1861, Morris E. Lee; date not given, E. D. Hilts. Lafargeville. — 1852, Wayland Ford. Redwood.— \W\2, A. Harder; 1870, Don A. Watson. The Jefferson bar has furnished from its members offi- cials for the_nation and the State, who have reflected honor 102 IlISTOUV OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YUlUv. upon tlie profession, as well ;is tlie people whom flioy rep- resented, by tlic distinguislied ability they have brought to the discharge of their trusts. Kent, Sterling, Ten Eyck, Daniel Wardwoll, rJrotisdii, Thomas C. Cliittendcn, Mullen, Charles E. Clarke, and Geo. A. Bagley have served in the lower house of Congress; Beach, as lieutenant-governor; Robert Lansing, Ruger, Geo. C. Sherman, Tamblin, and Starbuck as State senators; Mullen, Hubbard, and Mcr- win on the Supreme bench, and Robert Lansing, W. C. Thompson, Chas. D. Wright, and Sawyer on the bench of the county; while others have filled positions of lesser note with e(|ual honor in the discharge of their ofSciul duties. On February 2(5, 1834, the judges of the county courts, the officers of those courts, the meuibers of the bar and students-at-law, met in the court-house and organized them- selves into a temperance society and chose the following oflScers : Hon. John Macomber, president; B. Wright, first vice-president ; Zeno Allen, second vice-president ; Peleg Burchard, secretary ; I. Steele, T. C. Chittenden, and J. Butterfield, executive committee. The greater portion of the pcr.sons present signed the pledge. Other attorneys of note in the State have practiced in the early courts, who never resided in the county, whose names are not given in connection herewith. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. The practice of physic and surgery was first regulated by law in the city of New York by an act of the colonial as- sembly, passed June 10, 1760, and by tlie State, by an act of JMurch 27, 1792. The first general regulation adopted for the State at huge was the act of March 18, 17'J7, authorizing the chancellor, a judge of the supreme or common pleas courts, or a master in chancery, to license physicians and surgeons, on j)roper evidence of havini.' studied niediciuc two years ; and the former act was re- pealed. In 1801 and 1803 amendments were made to the act of 1797, and in 1806 an act was passed establishing a State Medical Society and medical societies for the counties, and repealing all former acts touching the medical practice. THE JEFFKK.SON COUNTY MEDIC.\L SOCIETY wa.s formed December 17, 1806. John Durkee, Isaac Ma- goon, David B. Ripley, Isaiah Massey, Jabez Kingsbury, Benjamin Farley, James D. Seisco, Ozias H. Rawson, Daniel Barney. Eli Eastman, II. Wilcox, Elias Skinner, and Hugh Henderson were present, and united in the organization. The first officers were: John Durkee, president; Daniel Barney, vice-president ; Hugh Henderson, secretary ; Isaiah Massey, treasurer; Benjamin Farlie, Eli Eastman, and Hugh Henderson, censors; II. Henderson, delegate to the State society. August 11, 1807, a committee was appointed to inquire whether any unauthorized persons were practicing medicine, and to pro.secutc them if so. July 4, 1809, a committee of six was appointed to report the nnmbir of (piacks and unlicensed pliysicians. On the 13lli of .^larcli, ISlO, they reported nineteen names. A code of medical ethics was published by the .society in 1820. At the July session, in 1830, a central committee of five, and one from each town, was appointed to take a medical topographical survey of the county ; but this measure was not carried into efiFect. During many years it was the custom of the society to offer prizes for essays on given subjects. The last meeting of the society, under its original organization, was held in 1849 or 1850 ; but the records having been destroyed by the great fire of 1849, in Watertown, the exact date cannot now be ascertained. Dr. J. Mortimer Crawe, of Watertown, in an address delivered before the society January 4, 1876, as its retiring president, gave as the reasons for the disbanding of the .society the inconvenience and difficulty con.sequent upon the effijrts to attend its meetings by the members, disgust at the removal of legi.slative restrictions previously thrown around the practice of medicine, and some other minor considerations. The doctor administers a kindly rebuke to the craft for their surrender in the face of the enemy. Two decades elapsed without the operations of a medical society in the county. In 1868, August 15, Dr. F. B. A. Lewis and Dr. H. G. P. Spencer called a meeting of phy- sicians at the American hotel in Watertown, which call was also sigtied by fifteen other physicians, at which the following-named were present: Drs. H. G. P. Spencer, Wm. R. Trowbridge, James K. Bates, J. Mortimer Crawe, F. R. A. Lewis, U. S. Ilendee, James T. Peeden, Geo. N. Hubbard, Truman Tuttlo, and E. G. Derby. The society was reorganized, and the following officers chosen : Presi- dent, II. G. P. Spencer ; Vice-President, II. S. Ilendce; Secretary, F. B. A. Lewis; Treasurer, W. R. Trowbridge. A constitution and by-laws and a fee-bill were subsequently prepared and adopted, and the society has since that date maintained its high position among the institutions of the county, meeting in regular session annually, at which able addresses have been made by prominent membei-s of the profession. In 1870, the essay was by the retiring presi- dent of the society, on " Diplitheria." In 1871 , Dr. Peeden, the retiring president, addressed the society on " The jMed- ical Profe.s.sion,'' and at the semi-annual meeting of that year Dr. W. C. Bailey's address was on •' Sleep." The addresses since have been as follows, the retiring president delivering the .same at the annual meeting, and the vice- president at the semi-annual meeting: 1872, Dr. Ira H. Abell, jiresident, "Standing of the Medical Profcssiori ;" also, an essay by Dr. Pratt ; subject, " Diagnosis." Vice- president Geo. N. Hubbard; subject, "Epidemic Cerebro- spinal Meningitis.' 1873, President II. W. Jewett, " Medical A.ssociations ;" and an essay on " Criminal Abor- tions," by Dr. C. M. Johnson, 1874. At the annual meet- ing Dr. Peeden's es.say was on " Gastritis. ' At the semi- annual meeting the vice-president's (Dr. J. .^I. Crawe) essay was on "Sporadic Dysentery." In 1875 the essays cov- ered " Blisters," " Face Presentations," " Electricity as a Therapeutic Agent," and the " Ophthalmoscope," and were read by Drs. Streeter, Spencer, and others. In 1876, Dr. Crawe, as before mentioned, delivered his address as tiie retiring president, in which ho recorded the history of the society, from which much of the information given in this j)resent record is drawn. The officers of the society for 1877 were Dr. W. P. Massey, president, and Dr. C. W. Bur- dick, secretary. By the destruction of the records ol' the .society in 1.S49 HISTOKY OF JKFFEUSON COUNTY, NEW YOKK. 103 by fire, it is made nearly, if not quite, impossible to gather a complete list of the members of the society previous to that date; but such as Dr. Crawe was enabled to obtain, by diligent in(|uiry and untiring effort, are here given, with the date of their aduiissimi : 18Ut>. — John Durkee, Isaac Magoon, David B. llipley, Isaiah Massey, Jabez Kingsbury, Benjamin Farlie, James D. Seiseo, O/.ia.s H. Rawsoii, DatiiL'l Barney, Eli Eastman, H. Wilcox, Eiias Skinner, Hugh Henderson (died in ISOS). 1807.— Joshua Bealls, Jr., William Baker, Daniel Brainard, Joel Dres.«er, Joseph Green, Horatio Orvis, Abel Sherman, Eli West, Isaac Weston. 1808. — Elisha JIathews, Henry H. Sherwood. ISO!). — Paul Hutchinson, Amasa Trowbridge. ISll). — Jo.shua J. Barrett, Nathan Chcever, John M. Henderson, Russell Steel, Isaac S. Wood. 1811. — Joseph Clar}', John Cowcn, Amasa Howe, John Spafford, Noah Tubbs. 1812. — I.. his son, George H. Coe, in his practice. Dr. A. Bain lo- cated in Clayton in 1871, and Dr. E. A. Monroe in Car- thage, 1864; Dr. Blandon located at Belleville, Dr. Bailey at Mannsvillc, and Dr. George H. Latham at Antwerp, the latter in 1870 ; Dr. Manville located in Adams in 1861-62, and Dr. E. T. Kirkland later; Dr. C. W. Bullard, of Carthage, located in Antwerp, 1870, and in present place of residence, 1876. Dr. Hough says : " The diseases which have occurred in our county can scarcely be said to offer any peculiarity worthy of remark. Few sections are more generally healthy, or less exposed to local cau.ses of disease. The sickness of 1798 and that of 1828 have been noticed on preceding pages. The lake and river shore, and the bor- ders of Perch and Indian rivers, have been in some dry seasons subject to intermittent fevers ; but less now than formerly. " The vicinity of Natural Bridge, in Wilna, is thought to present endemic causes of bronchocele, a malady somewhat common there. " The spring of 1813 was remarkable for the prevalence of an epidemic, p"e!/H)o»i'a typlioiihii, which, having pre- vailed in the eastern portions of the Union during the previous winter, first appeared in the county about the 8th of March, and raged with great severity till the 1st of JIay. Some idea of its prevalence may be judged from the ex- perience of a single physician.^ who, in the ordinary limits of his practice, met in that period with three hundred and thirty cases, of which thirteen were fatal. Its appearance was a little earlier in Lewis county, and later at Watcrtown than at Rutland. The attack was generally sudden, and the fate of the patient was often decided within a few hours. In about one-third of the cases the disease attacked the head, and in the remainder the lungs. It was epidemic, but not contagious, and in its course it spread over a wide extent of country. No exemptions of age, sex, or condition were noticed. Other epidemics of less fatality have been observed, but statistics are wanting concerning them. In 1822—23 a very fatal but limited sickness from a local cause occurred in Rutland, and in the winter of 1844—15 a sim- ilar but more fatal and prevalent sickness occurred in Ant- werp, of which many died. The cholera has on the several occasions of its return spread an alarm through the county, but fortunately never visited our border except perhaps in a few scattered cases." EDUCATIONAL. On the 18th day of April, ICOl, the Colonial assembly passed a bill providing for the ajipointment of a school- master for "educating and instructing children and youth to read and write in the English language in every town in the ]irovincc.'"§ April 9, 1795, the legislature of the State passed an act appropriating twenty thousand pounds per annum, for five years, for the encouragement and mainte- nance of common schools, wherein the children of the in- habitants of the several towns and districts might be " instructed in the English language, or be taught English } Dr. C. p. Kcmlmll, of Rullnnd. I Journal of .\ssi'iiil)ly, p. 7. HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 105 grammar, arithmetic, mathematics, and such other branches of knowtedge as are most useful and necessary to complete a good Eiiirlish education."* The several counties were to receive a portion of this annual distribution according to their population, and were required to raise a sum annually equal to the amount received by them by tax for the like purpose. Herkimer county's proportion of the first distri- bution was nine hundred and thirty pounds. Seven com- mis.'iioners of .schools were chosen in each town. In 1812 the legtslature passed an act for the establishment of com- mon schools, and provided for the appointment of a super- intendent of common schools, whoso duty should be to prepare and digest plans for the improvement and nianage- mcnc of a common school-fund. In 1813 a permanent fund was provided for the support of common schools by an appropriation of the net proceeds of the sales of the State lands since April 2, 1805, and sufficient of the unsold lands at the date of the passage of the act, April 9, 1813, to make five hundred thousand acres. The money arising therefrom to be loaned at seven j)er cent., and distributed among the counties when the income reached fifty thousand dollars annually. The first distribution under thi.s law to Jeflerson County was made in 1813, and amounted to seven hundred and eighty-nine dollars and thirty-two cents, and was apportioned to the several towns as follows : Lc Ray, 859.93 ; Hounsfield, $49.2(1 ; Rutland, 890.57 ; Champion, S77. 21 ; Lorraine, S42.41; Waterlown, §95.92; EUisburg, $89.37 ; Rodman, SG6.57; Brown ville, 886.51 ; Henderson, $59.30 ; Adams, $72.27. These towns raised by tax as much or more than the amount they received for similar purposes. In 1831 the distribution for the State amounted to §100,000, JefiFer- son's share being §2527.01. Azariah C. Flagg was the State superintendent. In 1830 the distribution was in- creased to $110,000, Jefferson getting §2080.74, John A. Dix being the superintendent. By the act of March 20, 1 849, free schools were provided for ; but the law was re- pealed in 1851, the people of Jeffei-son County voting for the repeal by a large majority, some sixty per cent, of the total vote. The law of 1851 appropriated §800,000 annu- ally for the payment of teachers' wages, and abolished the requirement for the raising of an equal amount by taxation in the towns. A rate-bill was established to pay any de- ficiency in teachers' wages not covered by the annual distribution. In 1856 the clause in the law of 1851 appro- priating §800,0(10 annually was repealed, and a tax of three- fouiths of a mill on the dollar of the real and personal valuation of each county substituted therefor for the pay- ment of teachci's' wages, and the rate-bill continued. The board of supervisors was to elect the school commissioners. In 1853 the law providing for I'nion free schools was passed, which permits and authorizes the inhabitants of two or more adjoining districts to vote for and elect trustees, and levy a general tax on the property in the united dis- tricts for the payment of teachers' wages and all other ex- penses. In 1807 the rate-bill was finally repealed and the common school made entirely free from private assessment of its patrons. * This a]i]>rojiriation cipircd in ISOO. EARLY SCHOOLS. The earliest schools in the county were opened at various points, — Watertown, Rutland, EIILsburg, Browuvillc, and perhaps a few other localities, j)rineipally in the western and southwestern portion of the county, — commencing about 1802. They were supported by a tax made up in the form of rate-bills, which .system was not entirely suj)er- seded until 1807, when the schools became rcidly free to all claissas, rich and poor alike. Probably the first school in the county was opened in ■W'atertown, in 1802, under the supervision of Miss Sally Coffeen, a daughter of Henry Coffcen, one of the pioneers of the county. This embryo school is said to have been taught in an unoccupied barn which stood on the ground now occupied by the " Dispatch'' block, on Arcade street. A sister, Heiress Coffeen, subsequently taught in a log house on 'Washington street. It is said that the first school district organized in the county was in 1804, and embraced the whole town of Watertown. A small frame building was erected for school purposes on the brow of a steep hill near where the Universalist church now stands. It was elevated upon logs set endwise, and stood about four feet above the ground. The seats consisted of a pine board extending around the out.side of the room, while the tc:icher occupied the central an)pliithcatre. A Mr. McGregor, a native of Scotland, was the first teacher, and following him was a " missionary," named Leavenworth. Succeeding him were Roswell Babbitt and a Mr. Laidlow. Then came Jeremiah Bishop, who became badly involved, and as im- prisonment for debt was legal in those days, the school interests of Watertown were seriously endangered by liis misfortune. But his creditors were magnanimous, and allowed him the liberty of the "jail limits," which prob- ably comprised a radius of a mile around the jail buildings, and the school was not interrupted. Bishop appears to have been a man of considerable scientific attainments, and among other projects of his fertile brain Was one for eradi- Ciitiug weeds and Canada thistles from the public .square. His plan was to sprinkle freely with salt and let the cattle eat them as a salad ; but the ]jlan did not produce the de- sired result, though the discoverer insisted that it was only a question of time. Succeeding Mr. Bishop came two gen- tlemen named Cowan and Everett, the latter of whom con- tinued as late as 1810. It is said that the first court ever held in the county was in this school building, in 1807. ACADEMIES. Schools of a higher grade were established at an early day and flourished for many years, and there are several institutions of a high order now in operation. A detailed account of all these will be found in the history of the respective towns where they are, or were, situated. The first academy which went into operation in Jeffer- son County was located in Watertown, and was opened in 1811. In 1835 the " Watertown Academy", was incor- porated. In May, 1830, the " Black River Literary and Religious Institute" was incorporated. In February, 1840, the name was changed by act of the legislature to " Jefli"er- son County Institute." This school continued until 1805, when the building wa.s leased for a high-school to the 108 HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. time Lewis county, wliioli lia2. Subse- quently the county was erected into two districts, as at present. In 1868 the conference was reduced to fiiur counties, viz., Jefferson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, and Franklin. In 1872 the title was changed to its present one, " Northern New York Conference." At present the confcnMice em- braces the counties of Oneida, Oswego, Jeflerson, Lewis, St. Lawrence, Franklin, and a part of Madison, and is sub- divided into six districts, Jefferson County comprising two, as before stated. The presiding elders of the various districts have been as follows: liluck River Bistn'c/, 1820, R. >L Everts; 1824, Daniel Barnes; 182G, Goodwin Stoddard; 1827, Nathaniel Salisbury ; 1832, Josiah Keyes ; 183:5, J. Demp- ster; 183C, J. Baker. Gouvcrneur District, 1839, W. S. Bowdish. Watertown District, 1840, N.Salisbury; 1842, Lewis Whitcorab; 1844, N. Salisbury; 184.5, L. Whit- C(mib; 1849, (jr. Baker; 1853, F. II. Stanton; 1857, B. Holmes ; 1801, G. Baker ; 18G5, J. W. Armstrong ; 18GG, J. T. Dayan; 18G8, L. D. White; 1872, L S. Bingham; 1870, S. Call ; 1877, B. F. Wood. Adams District, 1853, G. Baker; 1857, F. H. Stanton; 1801, D. AV. Roney ; 18G5, G. Baker; 1809, Thomas Richey ; 1873, M. D. Kin- ney ; 1877, I. S. Bingliam. The conference includes within its jurisdiction four insti- tutions of learning, viz., the Syracuse University, the Wes- leyan University, the Drew Theological Seminary, and the Ives Seminary, the latter located at Antwerp, in Jefferson County. It also includes a historical society. Rev. I. S. Bingham, president; a life insurance association, a board of church extension, a missionary society, a freedman's aid society, and a ladies' and pastors' Christian union. Conference Ofpiceiis. — President, Bishop Thomas Bowman, D.D., LL.D., St. Louis, Missouri; Secretary, S. 0. Barnes, Herkimer, New York ; Trustees — First Class, Isaac S. Bingham, Thomas Richey, Eli C. Bnice ; Second Class, Albert E. Corse, Simon P. Gray ; Tliird Class, Gardner Baker, Isaac L. Hunt. Statistical. — According to the report of the conference for 1877, there were thirty-two organizations in the county, with a membership, including probationers, of about five thousand two hundred. Attached to the various organiza- tions were about fifty Sabbath-schools, with a membership, including teachers and scholars, of a little over four thou- sand, and about three thousand six hundred volumes in libraries. The estimated value of church property in the county is placed at about one hundred and seventy thousand dollars. The salaries of ministers range from three hundred and fif\y to twelve hundred dollars, and the aggregate paid to them to about nineteen thou.sand four hundred dollars, being an average of a trifle over six bundled dollars each. THE BAPTI.ST.S. This denomination of Christians was among the earliest to org.inize in the county, and as early as 1808 or 1809 " The Black River Baptist Association" was formed, with the following churches and number of members, the elders of each being given in italics : Adams, 45, Timothy IIcul/i; Browiiville, 47, Tiiiiot/ii/ I'nul ; Champion, 25 ; Denmark, 29, J'eleff Card ; Henderson, 42, Kmori/ Osyood ; Lor- raine, 32, Amos Lampson ; Rutland, 2 churches, of 52 and 34 members ; Turin, G5, Stephen Parsons. In 18o2, Baj)list missionaries had begun to labor in this section, among whom Peter P. Root and Stephen Parsons were prominent. In 1810 the missionary limits of this body were defined : north of Black river to include Le Ray and the new settlements in St. Lawrence and Oswe- gatchie, and south to include Mexico on the Salmon river, and the new settlements eontigu(}us therc^to. Solumon John.son, Emory O.sgood, and Martin E. Cook were to spend the en.suing year, five weeks each, and Amos Lam- son six weeks. In 181G an association of eighty-four ladies in Henderson, styled " The United Female Society," formed for the purpose of promoting foreign missions, memorialized the association, and forwarded $88.74 to aid in this pur- pose. This example was followed by others, and in 1817 reports were received from the Henderson and Ellisburg Missionary Society, the Female Mi.ssion Society in Lor- raine, the Female Mite Society in Rutland, the Female Society in Brownville, the Baptist Female Society in Rod- man, and the Female Mite Society in Ellisburg, who, with the churches, contributed $243.79 for mi.ssions. In the same year the " Blai-k lliver Baptist Missionary Society" was formed. In 1818 several auxiliaries to this were or- ganized, which had but a short duration. In 1818-19, Elder Solomon Johnson was employed several months in missionary labors in St. Lawrence and Franklin counties. The missionary society, up to 1844, had received $7837, of which more than $201(0 had been applied to foreign mis- sions, and the balance spent in this and neighboring coun- ties. The "Jcflferson Union As,sociation" existed four years, and in 1838 went down. From 1815 to 1819 five hundred and sixteen had been added to the churches, and in 1821 three hundred and seventy-three more. In 1825 four or five hundred, and in 1831-34 more than fifteen hundred. It was during this period that Elder Jacob Knapp first began preaching as an evangelist, and in this county commenced that .series of protracted meetings with the Baptist churches that has since rendered his name cele- brated. The excitements raised by his labors were here generally transient, and followed by a reaction. By the report of 1853 there were twenty -six churches in Jefferson, seven in Lewis, and one in Oneida belonging to this asso- ciation. Churches in this county exist at Adams (Davis' Corners), Adams Centre, Adams village, two in Alexan- dria, Antwerj), Steele's Corners, Belleville, Carthage, Clay- ton, Dcpauville, Great Bend, Hendereon, La Fargevillc, Lorraine. Le Raj-, Lyme, Maunsvillc, Perch River, Phila- delphia, Rodman, Sniithvillc, Tylerville, Woodville, Water- town, and North Wilna. On the 28th of January, 1820, Martin ]■]. (.'ook, Sardis 110 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Little, Emery Osgood, and otliers were incorjwratcd as the " Black River Baptist Missionary Society." The first meet- ing was to be held at the brick school-house, near Elisha Morgan's, in Rutland. The association has been continued down to the present time in a healthy and prosperous con- dition. It includes at present all the Baptist churches in Jefferson County, and a considerable number in adjoining counties. " The Black River Baptist Missionary Society" was some years since merged into the Association. A " Woman's Missionary Society" was organized about IST.'i, having con- nection with all the churches in the A.ssociation. It is a vigorous and industrious body of co-workers. The following statistics are from the annual report of the Association for the year 1 877 : Whole number of church organizations in the county, eighteen, as follows : Adams, Adams Centre, Adams Vil- lage, Belleville, Carthage, Clayton, Great Bend, Henderson, La Fargcville, Le Ray, Lorraine, Lyme, Mannsville, Phil- adelphia, Redwood, Smithville, South Rutland, Watertown, Woodviile. The total membership is about two thousand, and the valuation of church property not far from one hundred and twenty-seven thousand dollars. The value of the parsonages given is eleven thousand three hundred and fifty dollars. The total amount raised by the Association for all benevo- lent purposes for the year was §1049.28. There are thirteen Sunday-schools reported in Jefferson County,-with one hundred and twenty-seven teachers, and a membership of one thousand three hundred and forty. The number of volumes in the libraries is about eight hundred. OJljcers of the Associntmi. — Moderator, A. J. Brown, Adams ; Clerk, Rev. S. W. Hatch, Adams ; Corresponding Secretary, Rev. J. 0. Perkins, Copenhagen ; Treasurer, C. W. McKin.stry, Three-Mile Bay ; Librtiri'iiii, H. F. Overton, Adams; Illslorian, Rev. J. W. Putnam, Watertown. " The Free Communion Baptist Black River Yearly Meeting" was organized and adopted a constitution in Sep- tember, 18150, although meetings had been held previously. The limits of this body were defined as bounded west by the Genesee river, south by the Mohawk, and east by the East Canada creek, embracing the country north of Utica within these limits. In 1831, this body reported churches in Alexander, Jjyuie, and Orleans, where societies had mostly been formed by settlers from Russia, New York, where the sect was by far the most numerous. Subsequent minutes report societies at Uounstield, Clayton, and Phila- delphia. This body has since been merged in the Free-will Baptist church. EPISCOPALIANS. We have been unable to get the general history of tliis denomination for the county, but each separate organization will be found written in the respective towns and villages where situated. The churches of Jefferson County arc in- cluded in the diocese of central New York. According to the United States census of 1870, there were tin organizations in the county, with sittings for the accommodation of three thousand four hundred. CATHOLIC. The Catholics were among the earliest in the county. M. Le Ray de Chaumont and all the early French settlers were members of this body, and Le Ray himself was active in promoting the interests of the young colonies of the "mother church." The oldest church of this denomination in northern New York is located in the village of Carthage, having been organized in 1821. By the census returns of 1870, the Catholics are credited with twelve organizations in the county, with sit- tings for four thousand four hundred and sixty-six people. A history of each society will be found in connection with that of the towns and villages where the same are situated. The seat of the bishopric is at Ogdensburgh. UNIVERSALIST. The earliest organizations of this denomination were in Watertown, 1820, and Ellisburg, 1821. We have not been able to procure the necessary data for the church at large, but a separate account of each organi- zation in the county will be found in connection with the history of the various towns and villages. LUTHERANS. We are indebted to the Rev. F. Shipherd for the follow- ing notice of this sect : "In the year IS.'iS the Synod of the Frankean Evangelic Lutheran Church sent the Rev. Henry L. Dox as their missionary, to select any portion of Jefferson County as his field of labor which he might think most likely to yield the peaceable fruits of righteousness in re- turn for his labors. Acting under this commission, he located at Perch River and Stone Mills. He was * but a youth and ruddy,' but God wrought most astonishing changes through his ministry. Churches were soon organized at Perch River and at Stone Mills; but no record is found which furnishes the particulars respecting their formation. On the 2ud of May. 1840, these two churches were bltndcd into one, by mutual agreement, and si.xty members were enrolled as constituting the church at Stone Mills. On the liith of November, 1852, a church was organized at Perch River, consisting of 32 mem- bers, leaving 66 remaining at Stone Mills. Mr. Dox also preached with great success at Shantyville (now Orleans Four Corners), and organized a church, consisting of thirty-three members. The present number is eighty-eight. A church edifice, of stone, was erected at Stone Mills, about the year 1835, at an expense of some $1500. A very neat and commoitious house for worshijt was built at Percti River, like that at Stone Mills, on the union principle, and dedicated to the worship of God, February 10, 1852. Mr. Charles B. Avery contracted to build it for $1340, but is said to have expended some $1700 uj)on it. On the following Sabbatli a beautiful church edifice, very much like that at Perch River, was consecrated to God's service at Orleans Four Corners. This building is owned wholly by the Lutheran con- gregation, and was erected at the cost of $1250. The lot on which it stands was valued at $50 ; that at Perch River at $85. Mr. Dox seems to have resigned his charge to the Rev. George W. Hemperley in the winter or spring of 18n, who retained this charge, with two short intervals, for more than ten years, Fayette Shipherd eoinmoneed his labors in May, 1852. Unpretending as are these Lutheran churches, they are deemed important auxiliaries in the reform and salvation of the multitudes with whom they are surrounded."* By the last census the Lutherans are credited with four organizations in Jefferson County, having sittings for seven hundred and forty persons. (See History of Towns.) THE DUTCH UEKORMED, or Reformed Church, have one organization in the county, * From Dr. U ugh's work. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Ill located at Alexandria Bay, of which an account will be found in the histor3' of the town of Alexandria. By the last census this society is given sittings for three hundred and fifty. In addition to the above there were reported by the Jef- ferson County ]?ible Society three Free Methodist, three Church of Christ, and one Protestant Methodist organiza- tions in the county in 1877. JEFFERSON COUNTY BIBLE SOCIETY. The Bible Society of Jefferson County wa.s oriicinaliy formed January 29, 1817, at the Academy in Watcrtown. The first oflScers elected were, Ethel Bronson, president ; Rev. Samuel F. Snowden, vice-president ; Rev. Nathaniel Button, second vice-president , Rev. Daniel Banks, corre- sponding secretary ; Timothy Burr, recording secretary ; Egbert Ten Eyck, treasurer; Mieah Sterling, auditor; and fifteen directors. An address was issued to the public and measures were taken to sujiply destitute families. A sys- tematic visitation was instituted, and at the January meet- ing, 1824, it was reported that up to that time G81 Bibles and 457 Testaments had been distributed. The amount received had been S.j15.78, and the amount paid out $343.07. Ten town associations had been formed, viz., in Adams, Champion, Sacket's Harbor, Rodman, Brown- ville, Orleans, Antwerp, Le Ray, Watertowu, and Elli-sburg. Previous to September 20, 1832, the following additional auxiliaries had been formed : Chaumont, Cape Vincent, Rutland, Hounstield, Perch River, Philadelphia, Evans' Mills, Alexandria, Smithville, North Adams. In 1834 an effort w;is made to raise §300 to purchase Bibles for foreign distribution, besides supplying the county. The meetings of the society have been maintained annu- ally to the present time. We have not been able to procure the various statements for the different years since 1853, but present herewith the last annual statement for 1877 : The present officers are : PreaidenI, Hon. Willard Ives ; 1«( I'lVe- Presuicnt, John D. Ellis: 2d Vice-Preaidenf, John F. Molfatt; Si-cte- t»ry,Rev. Richard Keyes; jTredsurcr, George B. JIassey; Auditor, A. U. Coughlau. The reeeijtts. according to the report for 1S7G-77, were for Bibles and Testaments sold, $491.1-1; donations, SllS.-t". Condensed statement of contributions by churches and individuals fur the year ending December, lti76 : 3.3 Methodist E|iiscopal churches S.'!S0.7'J 9 Presbyterian " 27o.Sl 6 Congregational " 167. 8;j 9 Episcopal " 81.98 7 Baptist ** 54.49 3 Universalist " o2.6j 3 Free Methodist " 13.47 2 Lutheran " 5.S7 3 Cburili of Christ " 9.65 1 Reformed " 20.110 I Protestant Methodist " 3.97 Individuals 16.^6 Total .' $1083.37 The last anniversary of the society was the sixtieth, and the annual sermon was delivered by Rev. John Waugh, of Carthage, from Psalms cxix. 105: "Thy word is a lamp." Rev. Walter R. Long was engaged during the latter part of 1875, and most of 187G, in canvassing the county, — which is done every seven or ten years. October 4, 1 870, he reported business places visited, 490 ; families visited, 7394 ; Catholic families visited, about 1500 ; Protestant families destitute, 338 ; Catholic families destitute, 539 ; Bibles supplied to same, 325 ; families who could not read, 140 ; total calls made, 8052 ; Bibles devoted to the poor, 240 ; district schools supplied, 253 ; hotels supplied, 01. This society is auxiliary to the American Bible Society, which was or'auized in 1810. CHAPTER X. INTEHNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Roads — Canals — Lake Navigation — First Steamboat — Railways — Miscellaneous. The advance of civilization and improvements in every country are in a great degree indicated by the means of public conveyance. In barbarous regions such luxuries as public roads are unknown ; the only me.ins of travel and conveyance being on foot, or at most on horseback, by trails and bridle-paths. The most distinguishing mark between the savage and the enlightened nations is, ])erhaps, the dif- ference in the means of locomotion, both on land and water. The wild and nomadic tribes of the earth have nothing superior to the foot-path and the canoe, while the advanced nations travel by the smoothly-graded turnpike, the far- reaching steel rail, and the magnificent steamer. What an immense disparity between the bark -canoe of the Ddnware and the palatial Hud.son river steamer, costing a million dollars ; or between the wooden sledge of the Esquimaux, drawn by dogs, and a Pullman or Wagner palace-car ! The power and grandeur of the Roman empire were il- lustrated and rendered permanent by her grand system of national roads, reaching to the farthest corners of the realm; and their excellence was such that the perfect turn- pike of the present day is compared with the famous Ap- pian Way, as a proof of its thorough construction. The strength of the ancient empires of the Iiicas and Monte- zunuis was in a great measure owing to their complete system of solid and enduring thoroughfares. The earliest notice tixkon of highways in the colonial legis- lature, as appears by any edition of the colonial laws, was in 1091, when the general as.sombly directed surveyors of high- ways to be appointed. It is probable, however, that ante- rior to that time legislative provision had been made on the subject. Before 1083, highwaj's had been discussed before the governor and council, and the system of laws known as " the Duke's laws" has reference to th&se modes of communication. No subject on the statute book prior to 1813 had claimed a greater proportion of legislation than the manner of making and repairing roads. Since 1799 turnpikes have particip.itcd in these beneficial effects, and received the fo.stering care of the legislature. In 1721, road commissioners were appointed for the western part of Albany county, " from the bounds of the village of Schenec- tady to the Muquas country, on both sides of the river, and as far as Christians are settled, or hereafter may be settled." 112 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Hemlrik ITuiise, Carl Hansen, and Captain Harnian Van Sl^k were llio conimissionors. In 1702, — the first year of Queen Anne, — Colonel Killian Yun Rensselaer, Major Der- rick Wessells, John Brunk, ami Evart Bancker were ap- pointed coniniissioners for Albany county. On February C, 1773, there were appointed highway commissioners for Tryon county ; and those in the German Flats district, then covering the present area of Jefl'orson County, were Marcus Petri, Nicholas Weaver, and John Cunningham. On the same day, the money to arise from the excise tax in Trjon county was apjiropriatcd for highway improvements. April 6, 1784, the election of highway conniiissioners was pro- vided for in Montgomery, from three to five being author- ized, and " as many overseers of highways as needed." Eighty years ago the region of northern New York was a wilderness, inhabited neither by civilized nor savage beings ; and its only highways were the tortuous trails along which stealthily .stole the raiding- and scalping-partics of painted and hideous warriors of the fierce Iroquois and Algonquin. The changes wrought during the past three- f|uarters of a century are indeed wonderful, and a brief his- tory of the earlier projects in the line of internal improve- ments is useful and interesting. This chapter is largely made up from Dr. Hough's history of Jefferson County. Tlie presenting of the following petition by Arthur Noble and Baron Steuben to the legislature, in 1791, was probably the finst step taken in this .section looking towards improvement in the means of communication : " T'i the lltmttrtthU the Lc'jinl(tliin- uf the State nf New Yofk : " The|>etition of the sub.scrilttTsliumlil^' shewcth; That a line of road from the Little Falls, on the Muhawk river, to the falls on the Black river, wliich runs into Lake Ontario, would be attended with iufinito advantages to this State, not only by opening a trade with the iltmr- isliing settlcntcnt of Cadarufinc,* and that part of Canada, by which all goods and merchandise couM be transjjorted from New York for half ttjo expense that they arc by the present route by the river St. Lawrence, but that it would, likewise, very much enhance the value of a large tract of land that this Slate has to dispose of, on and near the said river, and very uuich facilitate the settlement of that ciniou, unreasonable to expect any very heavy and imjKirtant settlements to be made unless there is a road which will shorten the distance to Albany. I have taken much pains to ascertain the probable distance to .\lbany,and I dare venture it, as an opinion, that it will not overrun l.'iO miles from this very spot. I am confident it will fall rather short than otherwise. This road, once cut out, will immediately bo settled upon, and, if it should be nothing more than a winter road at first, the advantage would be immense. "The difficulty of getting to this country with families is beyond what is generally sujiposed. The present road through ftie Chateau- gay county accommodates the few who emigrate from the upper part of Vermont, but the immense Hood of people who emigrate to the westward go there because they have no choice. This road once opened as contemplated, the emigration would soon turn this way, not only because the dislaneo would be less than to the Genesee, but also because the lands are better and more advantage;»usly situated. If the legislature will not take up the business, I am fully uf opinion the proprietors will find their account in euttingout the road at their own expense. . . . "Vast numbers of the loading farmers in that country have assured me they would go to Aliiany in preference to Montreal, if it took them three days longer. lam confident the commerce tliat would flow into.Mbany, through the medium of this road, would very soon reimburse the Slalo for the expt^nse. Those who live on our own side of the river arc compelled from necessity to trade at Montreal. This is the case with HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 113 myself. My innlination is to trade to Albany, but it is impossible, It is highly politic to prevent, if jiossiblc, tlie cimiiiierce of this country from falling into a regular system through Montreal; for, when people once form mercantile connections, it is vastly difficult to divert and turn the current into a new channel. I see no rational mode but having the roail cut, to secure to .■Vlbany so desiriible an object. I have taken the liberty of stating my ideas upon this sub- ject, which, if they i^houUl meet yours, I trust and ho]ie you will take such steps as will sc/ure a benefit to the State as well as promote the interest of the proprietors and settlers." Concerning this survey, Ford wrote, September 27, 1801, to Thomas L. Ogden, as follows : " Dear Sir, — I have most impatiently waited until the present time to give you that information upon the subject of the road, which I know you are anxious to receive. It is but a few days since Edsal finished the survey : and Captain Tibbctt's setting out for .Schenec- tady to-morrow affords me the earliest opportunity I have had. From the oast branch of Oswcgatchie lake to the Ox Bow, and from there on to the High Falls, Edsal runs a lino agreeable to the plan proposed by Mr. Morris; and, I am sorry to add, soon after leaving the Ox Bow, he came to a most intolerable swampy and ridgy ground, growing worse and worse as he progressed, and, before ho reached the High Falls, became so perfectly confident ol the impracticability of a road, as well as the impossibility of settlement, that he aban- doned the idea, went to Castorville, and from thence to the head of the Long Falls. From the information I had been able to collect from various quarters, 1 was apprehensive it would be impossible to obtain our object by that route, in consequence of which I directed Edsal, in case he should find it as ho really has, to go to the head of the Long Falls, and run a line from there to the Ox Bow ; and I am happy to tell you that an excellent road may be l^d that way, and without adding to the distance. And a further advantage arises by cros.-^ing the Black river at tho Long Falls : it is, we fall into the Black River road, which saves us the expense of cutting thirty miles. This I view as a great object, particularly so as our distance is not in- creased thereby. . . . " I have contracted with Edsal for making the road from Louis- ville to the cast branch of Black lake at sixteen dollars per mile; the road to be cut and cleared one rod; cradle-knolls and sides of ridges to be leveled; small crossways and bridges over small streams to be made. I have also contracted for eight miles of the road beyond cast branch, west, at the same terms, and expect to contract fur the whole soon. Where it falls into the road already cut in Madrid and Louisville, deduction is to be made, as much as the cutting of those roads cost. " From tho west line of Madrid to tho East Branch (Oswo- gatchie river) is 13 miles. From East Branch to Ox Bow 26 " From Ox Bow to West Branch of Oswegalchic lake (Indian river) IS " From West Branch to head of Long Falls (Carthage) 13 ** From Long Falls to .«halcr"s (Turin), (is good road) 30 " From Shaler's to .\ll)anv, through the Koval Grant and (11(1 .lobnstown .' ". 90 " Allow, that I may not be correct in tho lost statement (tlmugh I am ]irctty sure) 5 " 180 miles.* " There will be the crossway ing and the bridging to bo done ; these two things will cost consitlcrable,,but running the road as I have laid it out will cost us certuiuly not more than half as much as it would to go by the High Falls. Edsal says he is confident that the road from Ox Bow to High Falls coulil not be made for a much less sum than two thousaninion of your i>etitioner, be greatly pro- moted. "Your petitioner therefore humbly requests your honoral>Ie body to authorize him, by law, to make a turnpike road from the village of Chaumont, in the town of Brownville, to the village of Cape A^in- cent, on the Uiver St. Lawrence, and from the Black River, opposite the village of Watortown, to intersect the St. Lawrence Turnpike Road at or near where the same crosses the Indian River, in the town of Le Ray; upon such conditions and under such limitations and re- strictions as you, in your wisdom, shall think fit to impose. And he, as in duty bound, will ever pray, etc. " Jasiks Le Rav de Ciiahmont, " By his Attorney, V. Le Raij de Chaumont." The war which soon ensued diverted attention for a time from this improvement; but, on March 31, 1815, an act was pas.sed, empowering Le Ray to build the Cape Vincent turnpiice from that place to Perch River. Elisha Camp, Musgrove Evans, and Robert McDowel were named commis- sioners for locating it in sucli a manner as to best promote the public interests ; the usual provisions were made, as with companies, to obtain the right of wa\', and Mr. Le Ray was not compelled to build a bridge over Chaumont river. On the 12th of April, 1816, he was allowed to ex- tend the road to Brownville village. By an act of April 21, 1831, this road was surrendered to the public, and with it ended the era of turnpikes in Jefferson County. PLANK-ROADS. Measures were taken for building plank-roads soon after tlie pa.ssage of the general law. The first one built was from Waterttiwn to Sacket's Harbor, whicli was completed in 1848. The company had been formed Au^'U.st 7, 1847. The first plank-road in.spectors were appointed Novem- ber 17, 1847, and were William Wood, Samuel Boyden, and Walter Collins. During 1S4!)-.51 numerous roads were constructed, which will be named in the order of their connection and locality. The " Lowville and Carthage Plank-Road," inspected Au- gust 4, 1849. The '• Cartilage and Antwerp I'lankRoad,' inspected November 13, 1849. The "Sterlingbush and North Wilna Plank-Road," just built, and connecting the last road with the village of Louisburgh, or Sterlingbush, in Lewis county, — tlie articles of association dated May 1(1, 1853. The " Gouverneur, Somerville, and Antwerp Plank- Road ;" five miles, .seventy-two chains, and seventy links of this road in this county; inspected November 14, 1849. A continuous line of plank-roads connect this with Ogdens- burgh, Canton, and the depot of Canton and Madrid, on the Northern railroad. One mile from AntwiTp village tliis road connects with the " Hammond, Rossie, and Antwerp Plank-Road," which was formed January 23, 1850; seven miles in this county; inspected October 24, 1850; length twenty miles, pa.ssing through Rossie village, and connect- ing with the village and port of Morristown. Several very expensive gradings and rock-cuttings occur on this road. At the village of Ox Bow, in Antwi'rp, it connects with the " Evans' Mills and Ox Bow Plaiik-Koad," seventeen miles long ; completed in June, 1852. The " Pamelia and Evans' Mills Plank-Road" continues this route to Water- town, nine and three-fourths miles long ; completed June 15, 1850. Antwerp is connected with Watertown by the fol- lowing roads : The " Antwerj), Sterlingville, and Great Bend Plank-Road," twelve and three-eighths miles long; completed August 27, 1849. The " Watertown and Great Bend Plank Road," ten miles; completed late in 1849. This passes through the villages of Black River and Felts' Mills. At the village of Great Bend this and the former road connect with the " Great Bend and Copen- hagen Plank-Road, " of which nine miles are in the county ; completed November 31, 1849. This road pa.sses through Champion village, and connects with the " Rutland and Champion Plank-Road," seven miles seventy-one chains long, which is laid on the former main road between Copenhagen to Watertown, to the line of the latter near the " Big Hill," three and one-half miles from Watertown vil- lage ; completed August 30, 1849. By the " Watertown Plank- and Turnpike-Road" this line is continued to Watertown village. This road, three and one-half miles long, was comjpleted September 11, 1849. The " Water- town Central Plank-Road," two miles long, completed August 11, 1849, was at first designed to connect with other roads, forming a line of plank-roads to Syracuse, but the completion of the railroad has indefinitely postponed this plan. The " Adams and Ellisburg Plank-Road," through these towns, was inspected June 17, 1849. It is continuous of roads to Syracuse, Oswego, etc. " The Dexter, Brownville, and Pamelia Plank-Road," five miles twelve chains long, connects Pamelia village with Dexter. It was finished October 5, 1850. It is continued by the " Dexter and Limerick Plank-Road" to the town-line of Lyme, towards Cape Vincent; completed in May, 1850. It also connects with the " Dexter and Hounsfield Plank- Road," wliich runs from Dexter to the Watertown and Sacket's Harbor road, near the latter place. It was in- spected August 13, 1849. A line of roads from Alexandria Bay to Watertown was projected, and mostly finished, consisting of the " Theresa and Alexandria Bay Plank-Road," twelve miles long; com- pleted December 5, 1849, and the " Theresa Plank-Road" towards Evans' Mills, of which about four miles were com- pleted July 6, 1852. The "Theresa and Clayton Plank- Road," between these places, was completed June 25, 1850. This road passes through La Fargeville. The completion of these roads has contributed much to the prosperit}' of the country, although some of them have not met the expectations of those who invested money in them. The railroads, finished and in progress, will so en- tirely supersede the use of several that they will never be rebuilt. As a general average they have cost about one thousand dollars per mile, and the companies have been formed in the localities directly interested in their con- struction. The /)/u(i/i;-road epidemic seems to have at one time and another afflicted nearly every portion of the Union ; but, like many other really impracticable schemes, has generally had only a short existence. The system has been entirely abandoned in Jeftersou County, and most of the lines have been transformed into graveled or ordinary turnpikes. They HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 117 served a useful purpose for a time, no doubt, but improved turnpikes, and, finally, railways, have superseded them, and they are only remembered as thinirs of the past. Here and there a piece of scantling or a broken plank re- minds the traveler of their cxi.stcnce, as he rolls smoothly alonL' in a comfortable carria;.^e, or whirls swiftly by in the luxuriantly upholstered railway coach. RAILWAYS. The history of railway enterprises, connected with the region of northern New York, dates back to the very com- niencement of the system of .steam land transportation in the United States, and f()rms an int-ercsting chajiter to all who take an interest in the improvement and progress of the country. The following, upon the railways of the county, is mostly made up from Dr. Hough's history, and the pamphlet, edited by Hon. Charles R. Skinner, descrip- tive and .statistical, of Waterfown. The peoj)lc of Jefferson County early caught the spirit of improvement, of late years so strikingly evinced in the construction of railroads ; and that from Albany to Sche- nectady, the first one in the countrj', had hardly got into succe., 18.37, the charter was revived and amended, by dividing into sections, of which the_^/-s^ extended from the lake or river to Watertown; the secoixf, from Watertown via Adams to Salmon river; and the third, to Rome. The sum of S10,000 was rcr|uired to be expended within two years ; within four years, one sec- tion ; within six years, the whole road was to be done. Clarke Rice, Hermon Cutler, and Alvah Hazen were added to the commissioners. On May 17, 1815, the last two acts were extended, and the charter continued for the original term ; S25,000 were rp<|uired to be spent within two years, and the whole to be finished within four years. On the 28th of April, 1847, the former time was extended one year, and the latter two years. Tiie capital was extended So00,U00, for the purpose of laying a heavy iron rail of at least fifty-six pounds to the yard. Having given a brief synopsis of the legislation concerning this road, we will now relate the progress of organization, surveys, and con- struction. Nothing was attempted towards effecting the objects for which the company was chartered till near the time when it would have expired by the limitation of the act. A numerous and respectable meeting of citizen.*, from Jefferson and Oswego counties, was held at Pulitski, June 27, 1836, and a committee appointed to address the public on the subject of the Watertown and Rome railroad. The principal object of this address was to impress upon the public mind the importiince of immediate action and effi- cient exertion, with a view of .securing these permanent advantages, both individually and collectively, to the country. A belief of the impracticability of the work had become prevalent, to refute which the following facts were adduced, which are instructive as showing the progress that had then been made in this line of engineeiing: '^Ist. TTpon the Patcrson and Jcr^oy City Railroad, sixteen miles long, a train, with one enj;inc, had drawn forty jtasscngcrs around curves of 400 ftet radius, nnJ up grades of forty- five feet to the niile, at the rate of twelve miles an hour. lid. On the C'aniilen and Anihoy Railroad the daily cars carrleroceed without delay to the speedy construction of said road, as indicated by the charter, from Rome to Cope Vincent. '• lUnulrrd, That wc will sustain said directors, in prosecuting such project, to our utmost liabilities, and with all our in6uence, and that we will exert every effort in our power to aid them in procuring HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 119 tho balance of means requisite to the full accomplishoieDt of said object. " lieimlrnil, That in commencing a work of such magnitude, in an- ticipation of the great benefits which must result to our agricultural, manufacturing, and other interests, we should not hesitate nor permit .seeming difhculties to retard our progress, but pkrsevkrb until all obstacles arc overcome and the road completed." These resolutions were enthusiastically passed. On April 24, 1848, the directors employed Isaac W. Crane, of Troy, a civil engineer, to re-survey the route, who, the same day, orsranized three parties, under the charge of Charles F. Smith, Octave IJiaiic, and Henry Van A'leck, and about the u)iddle of July the field work of the survey was completed. The summit was found to be only one hundred and ninety feet above Rome, the heaviest grades towards the south being thirty, and towards the north thirty-five feet per mile. The estimated cost of superstruc- ture was $G0G2.4U per mile, and the totjil of grading, bridging, and fencing, S442,940.G2. The entire cost of the road, including engines, cars, depots, land, damages, etc., was estimated at 81,250,620. The viewing committee of the County Agricultural Society, in their report of September, 1848, say of the vast importance of this road, — '* The farming and other interests arc at this time making vigorous efforts to raise funds to construct a railroad from Cape Vincent to Komo. We are fully satisfied of its practicability, and feel safe in saying that now is the time to put forth united efforts for securing this alUimj>urtant object. We arc too apt to act as though our influ- ence was of no account in the accomjtiislinicnt of great public im- provements. Is it estimated that there are seven hundred and twenty thousand acres in the county of Jetferson. It is not a low estimate to make the benefits of tho road, if it were constructed, to reckon tho increased value of the products of the soil for the first five years at one dollar per acre. Is it too much to calculate that by the first five years' operation of the road, the value of the soil will be increased one dollar ])er acre? Now add tho increased value of the first five years' jiroducts of the soil ($720,0110) to the increased value of the soil ($720, (1(10), and we have $1,4411, 0(10, an amouut suflicicnt to con- struct the entire read. But it is thought, by those competent to judge, that if $600,000 were subscribed in this county, the remainder could be easily obtained in the cities. Farmers of Jefferson ! can we long slumber when such high interests are at stake, and neglect to come forth with united strength and reap the golden harvest that already waves in the breeze ? Already a favorable charter is secured ; capable and faithful officers are elected ; over $.'100,00(1 of the stock is taken in the county. All we no\v lack is at once to take an amount of stock equal to the direct and immediate benefit we shall receive, and its speedy construction is rendered certain." In November, 1848, work was commenced at Rome, and soon after at other important points, and the road was so far completed :(s to allow the passage of trains to Camden in the fall of 1849. On April 10, 1851, the Hon. AVm. C. Pierrepont was cho.sen president, in place of Orville Hungerford, deceased, and on the same dtiy a resolution was pa.ssed for extending a branch of tho road, from the located line up the river-bank, into the village of Watertown. On the 28th of May, 1851, the road was completed to Pierrepont JIanor, and a large party from Watertown, Rome, and other sections, a.-iseinbled to celebnite the era. of the entrance of the first railroad train into Jefferson County. The first engine reached Watertown, September 5, at eleven o'clock in the night, and on the 24th of the same month its coni|iIetion to tliat ]ilaee was again celebrated with festivities. On the 20th of November it was finished to Chaumont, and in April, 1852, to Cape Vincent; the cars commencing regular trips on the 1st of !May. The contract for building the road was taken by Phelps, Matoon, and Barnes, of Springfield, Miissachusetts. The rails are from the manuftictory of Guest & Co., Wales, and not a single bar has broken since the road has been in operation. The company, to obtain the means of completing the road, has issued three clas.ses of bonds, the first on the 1st of July, 1850, for $400,000, payable from 1858 to 1868, at the rate of 840,000 a year; the second, July 1, 1851, of 8250,000, one-half of whicli has been converted into stock ; and the third, of 8200,000, which was soon after converted into stock. EXTENSIONS AND CONSOLIDATIONS. In April, 1852, as before stated, the railway was com- pleted and put in operation from Watertown to Cape Vin- cent, twenty-five miles. The total length of the entire line was ninety-seven and a half miles, and its total cost $1,957,992. On the 8th of January, 1852, a company was organized to construct a road from Watertown to Potsdam Junction, a point on the Vermont Central Railroad, which latter ex- tends from Ogdensburgli to Rouse's I'oint, at the foot of Lake Champlaiu. The Potsdam branch, seventy-six miles in length, was completed in 1854, and up to 1860 was called the " Pot.«dam and Watertown Railroad." In the last-mentioned year it came into the possession of the Watertown and Rome Railroad Company. In 1861-G2 the latter company put down a track from De Kalb Junc- tion, a jioiut on the Potsdam and Watertown road, to Og- densburgh, a distance of nineteen miles, and the roads were con.soliJated and the names changed by the legislature to the " Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgli Railroad Com- pany." In 1866 the " Oswego and Rome Railroad," extending from Oswego eastward twenty-nine miles to Richland, on the Rome, Watertown and Ogden-sburgh Railroad, was jiut in operation and leased to the last-named road. " The Syracu.se Northern Railroad," extending from that city forty-five miles to Sandy Creek Junction, on the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgli Railroad, w;is completed in 1870, and in 1875 was consolidated with the main line. " The Lake Ontario Shore Railroad, " running from Os- wego west to Charlotte (Rochester's port of entry) to its western terminus at Lewiston, on the Niagara river, one hundred and fifty miles, wa.s also merged in the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgli Riiilroad, in January, 1875. The consolidated lines make up an aggregate of four hundred and seventeen miles now under the control of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgli Railroad Company, and forming one of the three most important lines of busi- ness in the State, and one of great value to the people of the northern and western counties. It tapis the great mining regions of this section, which it has aided very materially in developing, traverses one of the finest agricultural portions of the State, accommodates cxten-sive lumber districts, draws largely from Canada on 120 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the north, and reaches into the coal regions of Pennsyl- vania. The country through which it passes is generally well settled and comparatively prosperous. It serves directly the cities of Waterlown, Rome, Oswego, Syracuse, and Ogdensburgh, and niany thriving towns and villages along its lines. Since 1852 it has paid in dividends nearlj' three million dollars. Its capital stuck i.s $3,l-i7,.5U(). The annual report for 1875 shows the following classes and amounts of transportation : Tons. Forest jtroducts 77,734 Animals 1S,7S(1 Vegetable foiiil 74,C40 Other agricultural produets 1 1,796 Mnnufaelures 47,1)27 Mcrcbandise 30,:{(i4 Other articles 11 J, 392 Total 37C,f)3.3 Among the important items were 45,989 tons of lumber, 7608 tons of cheese, and -ilG9 tons of butter. In 1873 there were 81,509 tons of iron ore transported over the road. The number of passengers in 1875 was 564,200. During the summer .season the road maintains a line of steamers from Cape Vincent down the St. Lawrence river, among the Thousand Islands, to Clayton, Fishers Landing, and Alexandria Bay. The travel in this direction in the warm season is extensive, and annually increasing. For the fiscal year, — October 1, 1876, to September 30, 1877, — number of tons (of 2000 pounds) of freight carried in cars, classified, were as follows : Pniducls of the forest 7.^,S79 tons. Products of animals 24,112 '* Vegetable food S2,9iiy " Other agricultural products Ill, 683 " Manufactures 26, ,^73 " Merchandise 31.312 " Other articles 1117, 3'JO " 366,848 ■' Total movement of freight, or number of tons carried one mile, 26,732,738. OFFICERS. The first I'rcsidcnt and Superintendent Wius Orville Ilun- gcrford, who died before the comj)lction of the road. The succeeding Presidents have been, Hon. William C. Piorre- pont, Marcellus Masscy, and Samuel Sloan. The Superin- tendents succeeding Mr. Hungerford have been, Robert Doxtater, Job Collainer, Carlos Dutton, Addison Day, C. C. Case, and J. W. Moak. The present officers arc as follows : President, Samuel Sloan ; Vice-President, IMarcelhis IMassey ; Supcriiiti'iideiit R. W. & O. Division, J. W. Moak ; Superintendent L. O. & S. N. Division, E. A. Van Hcirne ; General Freight Agent, E. M. Moore; General Ticket Agent, H. T. Frary; Treasurer, J. A. Lawyer; Direetnrs, Marcellus Massey, Moses Taylor, Samuel Sloan, C. Zabriskie, William E. Dodge, P. R. Pync, John S. Barnes, G. Colby, J. S. Far- low, T. II. Camp, S. D. Hungerford, William M. White, Theodore Irwin. The general offices of the company are locatcil in Water- town, where, also, the road has large workshops, which give employment to over one hundred men. The total employees on the whole line number about twelve hundred men. The equipment of the road consists of 55 locomotives, 50 passenger-coaches, 24 baggage and express, and 1200 freight^cars. The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh Railway, as now operated, with all its combinations, offers advantages and facilities for shipment which are unsurpa.ssed. It reaches the New York Central road at two important points, Rome and Syracuse. At the former city extensive docks have been eon.structed on the Erie canal. It has two termini on the St. Lawrence river, — Cape Vincent and Ogdensburgh, — at both of which points it owns superior and well- arranged docks, and has close ferry connections with Kings- ton and Prescott. The former is the terminus of the Kings- ton and Pembroke railway, which, when completed, will bring from one of the finest lumber regions of the conti- nent the productions of that section. Prescott is the southern terminus of the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rail- road, from which vast quantities of freight are received. It touches two important points on Lake Ontario, viz., Oswego and Charlotte, near Rochester; and Lewiston, on the Niagara river. At Oswego the road owns valuable dock privileges. Here is also a bridge over the Oswego river, completed April 6, 1876. The completion of this bridge, with the opening of the road to Suspension Bridge, June 12, 187G, and the completion of the few remaining miles of the Portland and Ogdensburgh Railroad, will open a direct line from Portland, Maine, to San Francisco, accom- modating with immense advantages a large and productive territory in the northern part of the Union heretofore un- supplied, and not wholly developed. The following statistical table gives the principal data concerning this road. It is derived from the official map deposited in the State engineer's office : Milesof Main Track Total Acres. Cape Vincent | 5.9826 Lvine ! 7.2674 Urownvillc ' 8.67911 Pamelia | 1.7879 Watertown i 6.8843 Adams 7.1212 F.llisljurg 9.4591 Sandy Creek 5.2793 Kichhind 2.5818 Albion 7.6227 Williamstown 7.67211 Ambov 4839 Camden 11.1428 Annsvillc 5.3244 Rome 8.5360 65. 68. 77. 26. 84 83. 87. 46. 25, 77, 75, 4, 96, 65, 100, 856 205 475 120 590 890 240 160 490 610 816 895 120 ,566 965 Length in Miles of GfadeB. Ascent Descent South. South. .9585; 1.992SJ 2.0114 .72181 l.,8876i I.ISU 1.0991 1.2905 .0922 1.0112 .1360 3.1582 2.3356 4.5242 .8765 4.2754 4.5329 3.5837 .7538 1.4292 3.8688 2.8831 Total 95.7253 1188.997 19.6012 38.2904 37.8339 2.767S 1.6706 1.0252 1.6IU0 3.42591 2.7974 1.8659 2.9390 2.1443 .1896 .7214 1.4072 4.7763 3.5360 1.0604 2.0427 4.6529 .4839 6.7044 2.6982 2.3127 Elcrnlion nhn,r (/(/r.— Rome, 442 feet; Annsvillc, 430.24; Fish Creek (bridge), Taberg Station, 416.44; McConnellsvillc, 482: Cam- den, 523.5; West Camden, 538; Williamstown, 682.86; Kassoag, 625.36: Sand Hanks, 580 ; Pineville, 546 ; Ccntrevillc, 552.2; Rich- land Dc|iot, 524.3; .Sandy Creek, 556 9; Piorrepont Manor, 587,8; Adams, 596; Centre, 600; Watertown, 409.8; lilack River Bridge, 401: Urownvillc, 327.5; Limerick, 322.3; Chauinont, 289.2 ; Chuu- mont liridge, 269 : Thrcc-Milo Ray, 306.3 ; St. Lawrence river, at Cape Vincent, 250 feet. Ipon Burr's Slate map the elevation of HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 121 Lake Ontnrio, above tide, is slated to be 231 feet, while the recent CauadinD railroad surveys inalte 208^ feet. THE UTICA ANII BLACK RIVER RAILWAY. The history of tlic prelimiriiiry operations looking to the construction of a road from a point on the Erie canal to Ojrdcnsburgh i-ia tlie Rlack River valley is so interestiiijr that we make the fullowiim extract;; from Dr. Ilouirh's well- written account, as given in his liistory of Jefferson County : In December, 1852, the plan of a railroad, from some point on the central line through the Black River valley to the St. Lawrence, began to be discussed, and a meeting was held at Lowville, January 8, 1853. A committee of five persons in each county interested was appointed to collect statistics and facts to report to future meetings, of which one was apj)oiuted at Theresa on the 20th and another at Boonville on the 2Gth of the .same montli. The meeting at Boonville was attended by those repre- senting the claims of Herkimer, Utica, and Rome, for the southern terminus, but the weight of interests represented was in favor of the first of these, and a compati}' was formed under the name of the " Black River Railroad Company," with a capital of $1,200,000, for the [lurpose of building a road from Clayton, on the St. Lawrence, by way of Car- thage and the west side of the Black river, to the valley of West Canada creek to Herkimer, a distance of about one hundred and twenty miles. The directors named were Benjamin Carver, Harvey Doolittle, and Linus Yale, of (ler- kimcr county ; Jonah Howe, Matthew Beecher, and Philip M. Schuyler, of Oneida countj' ; Ela Merriam, Seth Miller, Mo.ses M. Smith, Wni. L. Easton, and John Benedict, of Lewis county ; and Samuel J. Davis and Lewis T. Ford, of Jefferson County. It may be here noticed that, seventeen years previous (May 21, 183G), a company of the same name had been chartered by a special act to build a road from Clayton to Carthage. A preliminary survey was made the same year by R. F. Livingston ; the route pas.sed tlirough Evan's Mills and La Fargcvillc, was thirty-one miles in length, and was estimated to cost $220,015.62. Nothing but a survey was attempted. This effort on the part of Herkimer im- mediately e.xcited a spirit of rivalry at Utica and Rome, and three days after the Boonville meeting the " Black River and Utica Railroad Cuiniiany" was organized, with a capital of $1,000,000, for the purpose of building a road from that city to Clayton, a distance of about one hundred miles. The directors named were T. S. Faxton, Spencer Kellogg, John Bulteriield, JIartin Hart, Alfred Churcliiil, James V. P. Gardiner, Benjamin F. Ray, James S. Lynch, Wm. H. Terry, Hugh Crocker, Harvey Barnard, Jonathan R. Warner, and John D. Lclaud, all of Utica, except the la.st-named, who is of Deerfield. T. S. Faxton was chosen president, and J. S. Lynch secretary. Daniel C. Jenne was employed to survey a route, and report the proper estimates of cost. On the Sth of March a meeting was held at Lowville, at which a committee of three from each town, interested in the line from Boonville to the St. Lawrence, was appointed to examine the claims of the three southern points. 31r. Jenne reported the results of a survey from Utica to Boon- 9 ville, and estimated the cost, with c(|nipment, at 820,000 per mile; and Mr. Octave Blanc, who had been engaged on a preliminary survey for Rome, also reported the result of his operation south of Boonville; and Mr. Wooster, of Herkimer, read the survey made by Mr. Jervis, in 1837, for the Herkimer and Trenton railway. Alter iiearing these several reports, the general commit- tee found theiusclve.s unable to decide the question, and appointed a sub-committee of eight, consisting of A. II. Barnes, of Martin.sburgh ; A. Joy, of Clayton ; H. Dewey, of Orleans ; Wm. L. E;iston. of Lowville ; Ela Merriam, of Leyden ; N. IngersoU, of Le Ray ; S. Sylvester, of Copen- hagen ; and A. A. Goodale, of West Turin, to visit these .several places proposed as points of junction with the cen- tral road, and report at the meeting to be adjourned to Car- thage on the 22d in.stant. . . . The committee of eight reported that, having met and organized at Rome on the 14th, they resolved upon a series of (|uestions to be pro- posed to the railroad committees of Rome, Utica, and Her- kimer, to ascertain the cost per acre of fifteen or twenty acres tiir a depot, and the amount of stock that would be pledg(>d for each by persons south of ]?oonville. It was found that a connection could readily be obtained with the central road, and a spirit of liberality and accommodation was evinced by the officers of that line. At Rome a delegation presented the claims and prefer- ences of that place ; stated that the re(|uisite amount of land could be bought at a price not exceeding $251) per acre, and jiledged at least $300,000 in private subscriptions, besides what might be obtained from the village corpora- tion, which it was supposed would amount to 815(t,000 more. At Utica, the committee found that a suflicient quantity of depot ground could be purchased on the canal at $200 per acre. The sum of $250,000 was guaranteed b}' indi- viduals of Utica, and $100,000 was expected to be raised between that city and Boonville. A further sum from pri- vate means of $50,000, and $250,000 more from city bonds, was also expected, making $050,000. The committee also visited Herkimer, but, as it was un- derstood that that place had withdrawn its claims for the terminus, and that the company had been disbanded, no report was made upon that station. These facts the sub- committee submitted without expressing their preference of the claims of either. The general committee was in ses- sion two d.iys at Carthage, engaged in discussing the merits of the rival stations, but the two-third rule which they had imposed upon themselves prevented the requisite majority from being obtained. The first ballot was 22 for Utica, 22 for Rome, and 2 for Herkimer ; and Rome afterwards gained a small majority; but finding it impossible to agree the com- mittee was discharged, and an association, styled the "Og- densburgh, Clayton, and Rome Railroad Company," was immediately announced as in the field, and pledged to build a road from Rome to Denmark, and thence to the St. Law- rence, at Morristown and Ogdcnsburgh, with a branch to Clayton. The Ogdcnsburgh and Clayton Railrcid Com- pany was formed February 19, 1853, with a capital of $2,000,000, and the following directors, viz, : Henry A. Foster, John Stryker, Edward Huntington, and Alva 122 HISTORY OF JEFFEESON COUNTY, NEW YOKK. Mudge, of Rome; Elijah B. Allen and Henry Van Rens- selaer, of Ofjdcnsbursih ; Augustus Chapman, of Mor- ristown ; Wm. L. Easton, of Lowville ; Seth Miller, of West Turin ; Alanson H. Barnes, of Martinsburg ; Sidney Sylvester, of Denmark ; Samuel J. Davis, of Wilna ; and Jason Clark, of Plessis. Henry A. Foster was chosen president ; Elijah B. Allen, vice-president ; James L. Leo- nard, of Lowville, treasurer ; Roland S. Doty, of Rome, secretary ; and Octave Blanc, engineer. At a meeting held at Watertown, April 21, a code of by-laws was adopted, and the following resolutions passed : " RennUed, That it is our intention to construct a. railroad, from the contnil line of railroad and Eric caniil, in the village of Rome, to the river St. Lawrence, in the village of Clayton, and also to said river St. Lawrence, in the village of Ogdcnsburgh, and touching the river at Morristown, so as to connect with the Northern Ogdensburgh Rail- road, and the Grand Trunk Railroad, tho By Town and Prescott Railroad, and the proposed Pembroke and Brockvillc Railroad in Canada. " lienolted, That in lowness of summit, easy grade, cheapness in cost of construction, facility of connection with the central line of railroad, and the Erie canal, and in having its termination at such points as to command the business of the country, and of Canada, this road has decided advantages over any other proposed line of railroad from the St. Lawrence river to the said central line and canal, and can iinj loill he built ; and that we unanimously pledge ourselves to the stockholders and to each other to push forward the enterprise to completion and without delay." This claim of superiority is, of course, contested by the rival route, as well as that now finished. The plan of con- necting Ogdensburgli with some other road, by a line south- west from that place, had come up for discussion while the Totsdam and Watertown Railroad was in course of organi- zation, but nothing was then effected. It was nest pro- posed to connect that place with the road last named, in the town of DeKalb, but the present project has superseded there. Both the Utica and the Rome routes have been surveyed and located, and the most active efforts have been made to secure subscriptions along the linos of each, which, from Boonville to Theresa, a distance of about sixty miles, nearly coincide, and repeatedly cross each other. Both routes have been let to responsible parties, and subscriptions suffi- cient to warrant the undertaking have been secured by each. An act was passed May 27, 1853, making it lawful for the common council of the city of Utica to borrow, on the faith and credit of that city, any sum of money not exceed- ing 8250,000, for a term not exceeding twenty years, for the purpose of aiding the construction of this road. A similar power was granted to the trustees of tho village of Rome, to the extent of raising 8150,000, for the Ogdens- burgh, Carthage and Rome Railroad, the bonds to bear the corporate seal of the village, and their management to be intrusted to Roland S. Doty, Harvey Brayton, William L. Ilowland, Gordon L. Bissell, and Eri Seymour, who were styled the " Commissioners of the Railroad Fund of Rome." Both of these acts have since been confirmed by large majorities at elections held for that purpose.* The ceremony of breaking ground for the Black River * The vote at Rome stood 4i0 to I, in favor. and Utica Railroad took place at Utica, August 27, at which addres.scs were delivered by Governor Seymour, ex- Governor Hunt, and other distinguished gentlemen, and the occasion was celebrated by military parade and general festivities. This road was contracted Augu.st 10, to be graded in 1854. The Rome road was let November 7, to be graded and ready for the superstructure September 1, 1854. The Utica and Black River Railway was opened to Booneville, Oneida county, a distance of thirty-five miles, in 1855. In 18(38 the line was put in operation to Lowville, the prasent county-seat of Lewis county, a flirther distance of twenty-four miles. In 1872 it reached Carthage, six- teen miles farther. The original plan to construct a line to Clayton, Morristown, and Ogdensburgh, on the St. Law- rence river, was not immediately carried out. While the division between Lowville and Carthage was in course of construction, a company was organized in Watertown, under the title of " Carthago, Watertown and Sackets Harbor Railroad Company," and a road constnicted in 1872, from Watertown to Carthage, eighteen miles, which was com- jiletcd about the time the Utica and Black River Com- jiany reached the same point. Upon tho completion of the road from Watertown to Carthage, it was leased to the Utica and Black River Company. In 1873 the latter company extended a line to Clayton, and in 1874 the Car- thage, Watertown and Sacket's Harbor Company com- pleted a road from Watertown to Sacket's Harbor, which was in the same year leased to the main line. BLACK RIVER AND MORRISTOWN RAILWAY. The first step in this important line of road was taken on the 29th of January, 1870, when a public meeting was called at Morristown to take the mctter into consideration. Other meetings were held soon afler at Hammond Corners, Redwood, and Theresa, to feel the public jiulse, and test the feasibility of procuring aid in the way of private subscrip- tions, and by means of corporation bonds. On March 22, 1870, articles of association were filed with the secretary of State. The capital stock was fixed at $600,000, and Philadelphia, in Jefferson County, and Mor- ristown, in St. Lawrence county, were made the lermini of the road. The length of the proposed line was thirty-seven miles. Individual subscriptions to the amount of 840,000 were soon raised, and all of the t«wns on the line executed and exchanged their bonds for stock in the company. The various amounts were as follows: Philadelphia, 815,1100 ; Theresa, 81)0,000; Alexandria, St;0,()tH) ; llaniinond, 800,000 ; Morristown, 820,0(t0. A portion of the tax-payers of the towns of Hammond and Morri.stown contested the legality of the acts bonding their respective towns, and upon a final submission of the matter to the court of appeals the acts as concerning these two towns wore set aside. Sub.ser|uently, in the spring of 1872, the State legislature ratified the acts of these towns, and confirmed the validity of their bonds which had been issued and delivered to the company. This legislative ac- tion settled all i|ue.-iti(iTis as to the validity of the bunds, and put a stop to all further conteution. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 123 On April 18, 1870, the directors named in the articles of ;issociiition met at lloJwuud, and completed the orj^aniza- tion of the company. David Bearup, of Theresa, was elected President, which office he still holds; and Hon. W. W. Butterfifld, of Redwood, wa-s elected Secrettiry and Trua.surcr. Henry S. Wiiite, of Redwood, suljsciiuently succeeded Mr. Butterficld :is Secretary and Treasurer, and was in turn succeeded by Alfred A. Holmes, the present incumbent. The company proceeded at once to make a preliminary survey of the route, and in September, 1870, contracted with Harry Abbott and William Ellis for the entire con- struction of the road. The contractors entered upon the work about the 20th of September of the same year, but, after doing considerable grading and bridging, abandoned the work in the fall of 1871. The company proceeded with the construction, and on the 9tli of December, 1872, the road was opened for traffic from Philadelphia to Theresa, a distance of eight miles, and by the l;;st of October, 1873, the work was nearly completed. On the 29th of October of this j-ear the company contracted with the Utiea and Black River Railway Company to complete the road, giving that company the use of the road for eight j'ears, and trans- ferring to them the unexpended balance of $500, 000 in bonds issued by the Black River and Morristown Company. Under this contract the road was completed and opened to Bedwood in November, 187-1, and to Morristown in November, 1875. The bonded debt of the company is §500,00(1 ; the amount of stock, $371,000 ; and they have no floating debt. The total length of the road, including its branches, is one hundred and sixty-nine miles. It passes near the Shurtlifl" iron-ore beds and through a thickly-settled and prosperous region. The business of this road for 1875, the la.st report we have, is indicated by the following statement showing the tonnage : Tons. ProJiict? of the forest U,SU2 Animals S(,63.3 Vit'ctahlc food n,'J3y Otbur agricultural products 11,8-10 Manufactures 22,218 Jkrchaiulisc 12,288 Miscellaneous 22,-tJ6 Total 105,074 Passengers carried in ISTa 245,8-1" This road connects at Utica with the New York Central Railway, the Midland Railway, the Utica, Clinton and Binghamton Railway, and the Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railway, giving direct communication with the anthracite coal-fields of Pennsylvania. Its two tenni'nl on the St. Lawrence give it facilities for a large Canadian trade from Gananotjue and Brockville, both located on the Grand Trunk Railway of the Dominion. Brockville is also the terminus of the Brockville and Ot- tawa Railway, and of the Ridcau Canal, both connecting with extensive timber districts. At Sacket's Harbor the road has superior advantages for the transhipment of grain and lumber from the west. At all llie northern termini it has excellent shipping advantages. At Carthage and Utica it connects with the Black River Canal. Officers. — The present officers of the company are : Pres- ident, De Witt C. West, of Lowville ; Vice-President, John Thorn ; Treasurer, Isaac JIaynard ; Secretary, W. E. Hop- kins ; General Superintendent, J. F. Maynard ; Generid Ticket Agent, Tlicodore Butterficld ; General Freight Agent, Charles Ilackett ; Directors, James Sayre, T. S. Faxton, E. A. Graham, I. Maynard, R. Wheeler, John Thorn, William J. Bacon, L. Lawrence, A. J. Williams, A. G. Brower, all of Utica ; D. C. West, Lowville ; D. B. Goodwin, Waterville ; and R. L. Kennedy, of New York. An account of the old Sacket's Harbor and Elli.sburg Railroad will be found in the history of the respective townships through which it passed. This road ran from Pierrepont Manor to Sacket's Harbor, a distance of eighteen miles, and was opened for traffic June 1, 1853, and con- tinued to be operated until 1862, when for various reasons it was abandoned, and the people of Sacket's Harbor were without railway facilities until the opening of the branch of the Utica and Black River Railway in 1875. A company called the Sacket's Harbor and Saratoga Railroad Company was incorporated in April, 1848, for the purpose of building a road from the first named point via Watertown, Carthage, and Castorville, and through the wilderness to Saratoga, and eventually to Boston, Massa- chusetts. A portion of the eastern end has been completed from Saratoga to Johnsburgh, in Warren county. TELEGRAPH LINES. The first line of telegraph was put in operation in 1850, under the name of O'Reiley's Merchants' Line, operating upon the Bain principle. It was erected along the stage- road from Oswego via Pulaski, Adams, Watertown, and Theresa, to Ogdensburgh, at each of which points offices were opened. The line was soon afterwards purchased by the jMorse line, and operated under Professor Morse's prin- ciple. During the summer of 1853 a telegraph was built by citizens of Sacket's Harbor along the direct plauk-road from Watertown to that place. About 18G0 the Montreal Telegraph Company estab- lished their lines on the south side of the St. Lawrence, and about 1870 bought out the United States Telegraph Company, then operating in Jefferson County ; and since that time have been doing business in this region. The principal office of the company is at Montreal, and they have a caiiital of two million dollars, and connect with all portions of the United States and with the cable companies throughout the world. This company is connected with all the railway lines in the county except the Utica and Black River, and all the railway business is done by them, including the running of trains. The Dominion Telegraph Company, whose headijuarters are located at Toronto, commenced business in Jeffijrson County about 1872. Their lines generally follow the main turnpike-roads, and they have offices at all principal points. Both the Canadian lines make connections with Amer- ican lines at Oswego. The Utica and Black River Railway Company operate an independent line. 124 HISTORY OF JEFFEllSON COUNTY, NEW YOKK. THE HLArK RIVKR AND CANAL. Although this channel of communication has, since tlie era of railways, becimie of less importance than formerly, and may eventually he abandoned as a means of travel and transportation, yet its importance when first projected, and for some time subse(|uent to its completioUj makes its history a necessity in this connection. The chaptor given in Dr. Hough's work, compiled from the State engineer's reports, and other authentic sources, is so complete and exhaustive that we give it nearly entire: "The incorporation of a company for improving the navij^ation of Black river to Urownville village h:is been noticed. The river was dcclarcti a pulilic hij^hwaj' from High Falls to Carthnge, by an act passed March 16, 1S2I, which also authorized road commissioners to forbid the crossing of bridges faster tlian a walk, within fifty miles of its mouth. On the 2Sth of March, 1S2S, the 'Black River Canal Company' was formed. This company organized, and caused a sur- vey of a canal to he made, from Kome to the High Falls, by Alfred Cruger, but did nothing more. This mny be considered the first step towards the Black River canal. . . . The former act having expired, another was passed, April 17, 1832, incorporating the Black River company for the purpose of connecting, by railroad or canal, the Eric canal, at Rome or nerkimcr, with Ogdensburgh, Cape Vincent, or Sacket's Harbor, including the improvement of Black river, from the High Falls to Carthage, for steam navigation. The capital was limited to $iK)0,(KlO, in shares of $50 each. . . . The persons named in the act were Vincent Ic Ray dc Chaumont, Eli West, Samuel Allen, Ela Collins, John W. Martin, Jerre Carrier, Elisha Camp, John Brown, Abram Parish, Charles A. Mann, George Varigh, Ralph Chipp, John Felt, Isaac W. Bostwick, Homer Collins, .James Mc- Vickar, Peter Schuyler, (5eorgc Brayton, and Benjamin P. Johnson. This comjiany was so far organized as to buUd a steamboat on Bhick river, at Carthage, which was called the 'Cornelia.' It was built, in 1S32. by Paul Boynton, for the company, at a cost of $000(1, with a keel ninety feet long, and a breadth across the guards of twenty-two feet. She had t^vo upright high-pressure engines often horse-power each, built by N. Starbuck & Son, of Troy. Being found to draw too much water, one engine was taken out. The first trip was Sep- tember 22, 1S."2, to Lowville, where she grounded, and was got off with much difliculty. The boat continued to run the ensuing season to the High Falls, with an hourly speed of six and one-half miles, frec|uently getting aground, and jiroving to be too large for the river, and, eventually, nearly a total loss to the iiroprietors, of whom Mr. Le Kay was the principal. "A thrilling incident occurred on the first trip of this boat to the Falls. The man at the tiller wishing to show the party on board and the spectators on shore the qualities of his craft, steered up so near under the falls, that, ns he turned, the spray from the torrent deluged the deck, and the boat itself came within a few feet of being brought umlcr the fall. Fortunately there was a heavy pressure of steam up at the moment, and they escaped with a thorough drench- ing. This? attempt proved the practicability of navigating the river forty-two and a half miles; but no subsequent attempt was made until the summer of 1853, when the * Enterprise,' a canal-boat, tem- porarily fitted up by (J. H. Gould for the purpose, with a stcrn-whcel, was rigged out at (he High Falls, and made a few trips. *' On the 22d of April, I S3 1, an act was passed authorizing the sur- vey of a eanal, from below the High Falls to the Eric canal, with a navigable feeder, and an impniveuient of the river to Cartilage. Having ascertained the feasibility of this route, on the lUth of April, ISSfi, an act was passed providing for the construction of the Black River Canal, and Eric Canal Feeder, of which the river was to be a part. Work was soon after commenced, and more or less, except during the "suspension," prosecuted since, till at present we almost realize this lung-expected and long-di-ferred connnuniciition witli the great markets, which, from being anticipated by railroads, will pos- sess niueh less importance than was formerly attached to it. Still, for the lumber and mineral products of a portion of the county it will afford a valuable exit, and will contribute to the public welfare.^ " >!mtiv iiiLrc-'ting topographical details havi- ln-fn obtniuiMl in the e AVritlen about 1SS3. course of these surveys which possess permanent interest. The fol- lowing is a concise descrijition of the canals, as given in the report of the State engineer and surveyor for 1851 : " * This canal diverges from the Erie canal at the village of Rome, Oneida county, following up the valley of the Mohawk river and its tributary, the Lansing Kill, to the summit level, a distance of twenty- three miles; thence crossing the dividing ridge between the Mohnwk and Black rivers, about two miles, to the village of Boonvillc ; thence descends into the valley of the Black river, and at the distance of ten and one-third miles it enters said river below the High Falls, in the county of Lewis; thence it follows the river, by slack-water navigation, a distance of forty-two and one-half miles, to the village of Carthage, in the county of Jefferson, making the whole length of the canal and river about seventy-eight miles. "'A navigable feeder of ten miles in length is constructed iVoui the Black river, entering the canal at the village of Boonville, which is designed for n feeder to the Black River canal, and also for the Eric canal. Add to the canal, river, and feeder two miles of navigation on the reservoir above the State dam. making in all ninety miles of navigation when the whole work is finished, '•'Prom Rome to B»t>uville. a distance of tweuty-five miles, there are seventy locks, overcoming an elevation of six hundred and ninety- three feet. . . . From Boonvillc to the High Falls, a distance often and one-third miles, there are located thirty-nine locks, with a de- scent of three hundred and eighty-six feet. . . . '"On the whole line of canal, feeder and river, there will be one hundred and nine locks, five aqueducts, eleven waste- weirs, eighteen culverts, thirty-three road- bridges, thirty -six farm -bridges, three change and tow-path bridges, two guard-locks, one dam and bulk- head, three dams, thirty-three luck-houses, six stoj)-gatcs, two draw- bridges, and the Delta feeder.' "At the time when the work was suspended, in 1812, the section work south of Boonville was mostly done, c.vcept on five sections; forty-seven locks were mostly finished, except framing and hanging gates, and a large amount of other work was more or less completed ; but during the five years that the labor was suspended, a great part of the timber was so injured as to become almost useless. North of Boonville, .about six miles of section work had been let, of which two were completed, and the others well advanced. Two locks were nearly finished, and the feeder had been about half done. Two culverts were built upon it, ami the materials in part delivered for the guard- lock and dam. The value of m.aterials on hand, at that time, was $00,383.80, of which $20,000 worth were made available, and the remainder was a loss to the State. '* In 1851, the eanal had been brought into use as far as Port Ley- den, and such is the forwardness of the remainder, that its completion to Carthage ajipears not distant. During the dry season of 184H, all the wa'cr at the head of the feeder was used, and still there was a deficiency of 7000 cubic feet per minute. This led to a plan for insur- ing a supply by constructing dams at the outlets of some of the lakes above this point, which receive the drainage of many thousanil acres. " The descent of Black river from the High Falls to Carthage is nine and one-quarter feet in low water, and twenty-three feet in high water ; as at such times the rise at the former place is twenty-two feet, and at Carthago but eight feet. The quantity of woter passing the falls at its lowest stage is about 30,000 cubic feet per minute, and is not ma- terially increased until it receives the Otter and Independence creeks. Among the several plans that were prnjmsed to improve the channel, that of constructing a dnm and lock near Iudei>eudenec creek is said to have been decided upon. A dam is also to be built at the village of Carthage, above the present dam, where the river is about 700 feet wide, and from three to four feet deep in low water, with a rock bottom. t "In 1837, the pi-ojcct of extending the Black River canal from Carthago to i^gdensburgh, or some point on the St. Lawrence, began to be discussed : and in the fall of 1S3S meetings were held at Water- town, Evans' Mills, Theresa, and other j)laces. Petitions, memorials, and statistics were forwarded to the legislature, and on May 2, 1839, a bill was passed authorizing a survey of the several routes proposed. This labor was intrusted to Edward H. Brodhead, who, in the sum- mer of 1839, surveyed a route from Carthage to Clayton, from Car- thage to Sacket's Harbor, from l^arthagc to Ox Bow, and thence, by improving the Oswegatchie to Ogdensburgh, and another branch of f This dam was aftorirards constracted. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 125 this route to Oouvcrnoar, and thence near the river to Ogdensburgh. By these surveys Carlhagc was founil to lie 4SI) fict almvo the lake. "These surveys created a lively interest throughout the central and northern parts ot the county, and a convention from St. Law- rence and a part of .JctTerson counties met at (louvcrneuron the 27th of June, l.s:i!l, at which a series of resolutions were passed reasserting the claims of northern New York upon a share of the State patron- age, and the wants of this section for a cheap and direct access to market. The report of Mr. Brodhead, with an accompanying map, was suhmitted to the legislature in 1840.* and provi.iion was made for the selection of one of the routes surveyed by three disinterested men from the 1st, 2d, Sd, or Sth senate districts; but a change of policy in relation to the minor puldic works, which also suspended the larger, put an end to the discussion by postponing it indelinitely. The cxjierience at |Mesent had in relationto railways renders il prob- able that the subject of a canal beyond Carthage will never bo revivotl. " On the I2lh of April, ISIS, the ' W.../- /tieer Sleamhaal Cumpnny' was chartereil lor liltcen years, with a capital of $20,001), to build one or more boats to navigate the river, subject to such tolls as might be imposed. The persons named in the net were Amos Buck, Harrison Blodget, Jliram .MeCollom, Dean S. Howard, Lyman R. Lyon, .\ltiurn Foster, Alfred Latbrop, Walter Nimorks, Eli West, Charles Dayan, James Smith, Wni. V. Strong, Elijah Ilorr, and Reuben Rice. A subscription was circulated, but nothing was accomplished by this euntpany. "By an act of April 15, ISlC, the Oswegatchic was declared a highway from its month to Strecter's Mills, the present village of Wegatchie. On the oth of April, ISo.'i, Indian River was declared a public highway for floating logs in Antwerji, Philadelphia, Le Ray, and Theresa, and the usual penalties were imposeil for obstructing the channel. LAKE NAVIGATION. " From the earliest period of our e.vistence as a State, the St. Law- rence was regarileil as a natural outlet for the great chain of inland lakes, for which it served, in a great measure, as the channel of trade until the construction of the Erie canal. Both the French and the English had built vessels on this lake while the supremacy of its waters was with them. ,\ small but thriving conimeree had arisen before the war, and during that period a formitlabic naval force sjirung into existence that was opposed by a similar one fitted out at Kings- ton, and the hostile fleets upon Lake Ontario, at the close of the war, were increasing in number of sail and an.ount of force with a rapidity that has had few parallels in naval annals. "At the conclusion of peace these fleets were gradually broken up or converted to commercial purposes, and almost immediately after t'le application of steam to navigation, which had already assumed importance on the Hudson and other waters, began to be applied to the lakes. "The subject having been examined in the summer ,and fall of 1815, articles of agreement were drawn up, dated January 2, 18IG, between Harriet Fulton .and Wm. Cutting, of New York, executors of Robert Fulton, and Robert R. Livingston and Edward P. Livingston, of Clermont, owners of the right and privilege of eteaniboat navigation iu the State by special act of the legislature, on the one part, and Chas. Smyth, Joseph C. Yates, Thomas C. Duane, and David Boyd on the other part, by which the latter acquired the solo right to navigate boats and vessels {steamships and vessels of war excepted) by steam on all or any of the waters of Lake Ontario within the State of New York, and the full and exclusive right of emjiloying such inventions and improvements, to which the grantors, or any of them, had, or hereatter might ha^■e, right or title by patent, etc. " It was proviiled and stipulated that but one boat should be em- ]doyed at a time on any route to bo established ou the said waters, by virtue of this contract, without the consent iu writing of the grantors, and until the net proceeds of the one boat should exceed twenty per cent, per annum. One boat was to be built within two years. The grantees ])aid ten dollars on the execution of the agreement, and covenanted to pay annually (deducting ?1500 from the gross receipts of each year, and the current expenses of running the boat) one-half of all moneys rcccivctl above twelve per cent, on the investment. The S1500 was to be withdrawn annually until it should amount to ?l 2.1100. wliiib was to constitute a sinking fund for rebuilding the » .\ssembly Documents, 1840, No. 23:!. boat. Should the grantees acquire from the British government any privileges for the navigation of the lake, they were to be shared equally by the contracting parties, and these I>rivilege8 were not transferable. Ajqilication was to be nnide for the incorporation of an association, to be styled the * Ontario Sitnttiboiit Cnm^mttii,' with a capital of $200,000. "On the Glh of February, ISlfi, a petition from Charles Smyth, David Boyd, Eri Lusher, Abraham Van Stantvoord, John J. Do Gratf, and their associates, was presented, in which the essential facts, above stated, were given, and an act of incorporation solicited. A bill was (ircparcd and passed the House, but did not become a law, in consequence of the early adjournment of the legislature. August 16, of the same year, Eri Lusher and Charles Smyth became, by as- signment of De Graff and Boyd, partners in the enterprise, and a boat was commenced at Sackct's Harbor the same summer, after the model of the ' Sea Horse,' then running on the Sound near New York. She was one hundred antl ten feet long, twenty-four feet wide, and eight feet deej), measuring two hundrer cm in the commerce of the lakes. Weekly trips from t)gilensburgh to Lewistown were first attempted, baton the 1st of July, 1817, the owners advertised that, finding the trip of about six hundred miles too extensive to he per- formed within that time, it .would be altered to ten days. The fare through was fixed at fifteen dollars. Cajitain Francis Mallaby, U. S. N., was her first master. The ' Ontario' continued to run, seldom ex- ceeding five miles an hour, until lS;i2, when she was broken uji at Oswego. "The monopoly of steam navigation on the waters of the State, granted by repeated acts of the legislature to Robert R. Livingston and Robert Fulton, gave rise to much litigation; and in a suit of Ogden against Gibbons, commenced in the Court of Chancery, Sep- tember 27, 1810, il was decided in favor of the grant.f " .\n ajipeal was matle to the Court of Errors. J and the ease was finally decided in the Supreme Court of the I'nited Slutes.J in Feb- ruary, 1824, th.at the act was ' repugnant to the clause of the Consti- tation of the United States which authorizes Congress to reguluto commerce, so far as the said acts prohibit vessels, licensed according to the laws of the United States, lor carrying on the coa>ting trade, from n.avigating the s.aid waters by means of fire or steam.' " The ' Ontario' was the first steamer built on a water subject to a swell, ond determined the interesting problem whether steamboats were adapted to the navigation of open seas, as woU as sheltered f Johnson's Chancery Reports, iv. 148. + Cowen's Reports, iii. 7I.'i. J Wheatons Reports, ix. 1. 126 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. riverp. The 'Frontenac' was built soon after, at Kingston, and the first steamer appeared on Lake Eric in 1818. "The *M:irtha Ogr class have at vari<»u8 times run upon the lake and St. Law- rence river. "The corporation that built the atcutnor ' United States' never at- ' B iron" in the act ; probably WtUniin iUv-ou. tempted any other boat. About 1812 the * Ontario Steara- and Canal- Boat Company' was formed at Oswego, and in that year built the ' Lady of the Lake,'of 423 tons; used on the through line until 1S52, when she was chartered as a ferry, from Cape Vincent to Kingston, in connection with the railroad. She was the first American boat on this water with state-rooms on the upper deck. "'The Rochester' was built at Oswego by the same company in 1843; of 354 tons, and run on the through line till 1848, since which she has run from Lewiston to Hamilton. '"The Niagara.' of 433 tons, built at French Creek by the 'St. Lawrence Steamboat Company,' which had been formed soon after that at Oswego. This boat is still in use in the 'American Mail Line ;' has a length of 182 feet; beam, 27i feet; total breadth, 47 feet; depth of hold, 7i feet; wheels, 30 feet in diameter.f "'The Cataract,* built ^t Clayton in 1847; measures 577 tons; length of keel, 202 feet; breadth of beam, 27* feet; across the guards, 48 feet; depth of hold, 10 feet; wheels, 30 feet in diameter. "'Ontario' was built in 1847, at Clayton. Extreme length, 240^ feet; breadth of beam, 32 feet; and over all, 54S feet; depth of hold, 12 feet; cylinder, 50 inches in diameter and 11-feet stroke; tonnage, 900; cost, $80,000. "'Bay State,' built at Clayton, and came out on her first trip in June, 1849. She has a tonnage of 035. Length, 222 feet; breadth of beam, 31^ feet, and over all, 58 feet; depth of hold, 12 feet ; cylin- der, 56 inches in diameter and 11-fcet stroke; wheels, 32 feet in diameter. " ' The Northerner,' built at Oswego, by G. S. Weeks, and came out in May, 1850. Tonnage, 905. Length, 232 feet; beam, 30i feet'" extreme breadth, 58 feet; depth of hold, 12i feet: wheels, 32 feet in diameter; cost, $95,000; cylinder, 00 inches in diameter and 11-feet stroke. "•The New York,' the largest steamer on the lake, was built in 1851-52, at Clayton, by John Oades, the builder of the others at this place, and came out on her first trip in August, 1852. Tonnage, 994. Length, 224 feet ; beam, 32^ feet ; entire breadth, G4 feet. Engines, by U. R. Dunham A Co., of New York; cylinder, 60 inches in diameter and 12 feet stroke. Wheels, 64 feet in diameter, and cost about $100,000. '* In 1848 the two companies above named, which were generally styled the Utica Company and the St, Lawrence Company, united into one, and assumed the name of the 'Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Company,* having a capital of $750,000, and the follow- ing officers: E. B. Allen, president; E. B. Allen, G. N. Seymour, H. Van Rensselaer, A. Chapman, E. G. Merrick, S. Buckley, H. Fitz- hugh, A. Munson, T. S. Fa.\ton, H.White, L.Wright, directors; and James Van Clevc, secretary and treasurer. " This company is the owner of eleven steamers, in daily use during the summer season, as follows : "* Express Line,* from Ogdcnsburgh to Lewiston direct, touching at Clayton and Cape Vincent, a daily line of two steamers, from May till October, viz.: 'Bay Slate,' Captain John Ledyard, and 'New York,' Captain R, B. Chapman. "* Mail Line,' from Ogdcnsburgh to Lewiston, touching at Pres- cott, Morri:?towu, Brockville, Alexandria Bay, Clayton, Kingston, Sacket's Harbor, Oswego, Genesee River, and Lewiston. A daily lino of three steamers, viz.: * Catj-ract,' Captain A. D, Kilby ; 'Niagara,' Captain G. B. Estcs ; 'Ontario,' Captain H. N. Throop. In 1852 the steamer ' Northerner,' Captain R. F. Child, formed one of this line. * " The ' American Line,'fr4)ni Ogdcnsburgh to Montreal daily, viz.: ' British Queen,' Captain J. La Flamme; ' British Empire,' Captain D. S. Allen; 'Jenny Lind,' Captain L. Moody. From Cape Vincent to Kiugt^ton, the 'Lady of the Lake,' Captain Root. From Lewiston to Hamilton, the ' Rochcfrter,' Captain I. i^Lison." Tliis foinpany contitmed to operate their lines until 1858, when the competition of the Grand Trunk railway so seriously affected their business that itii affairs were placed in t!ie liands of a receiver, and tlie property sold to a new company, styled the *' American Steamboat Com- pany," whose muna'^ers were E. B. Allen, Samuel Buckley, t 185L HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 127 Augustus Chapman, James G. Averill, and George N. Seymour. *' In safety, regulnrity, and ili.«|)atch, these boats will compare with those on any inland water in the Union; and such has been the skill and care exercised in their nianagcinent, that not a single life has been lost, or injury to passengers occurred from accident, upon these or any of the steamers owned and run upon the American side of the lake. The melancholy accident that befell the 'Ocean Wave," a boat with a British license, and running in connection with the Nortliern railroad, in the spring of lS5.'i, is entirely without parallel uj)on this lake, and was said to be due to a faulty construction. " The steamers upon this lake are characterized for the perfection, neatness, and convenience of their arrangements, and their routes for attractive and beautiful scenery; and the throng of pleasure- seeking tourists that pass up and down the St. Lawrence during the summer season is constantly increasing. " The steamer ' Bay State,' during the season of 1S52, ran 47,310 miles, equal to si,\teen times across the Atlantic, and her wheels performed 5,000,000 revolutions. No accidents or delays whatever occurred. The duty performed by the other boats would doubtless compare with this. " The ' I'assjiort,' ' Magnet,' ' Maple Leaf,' ' New Era,' ' Arabian,' ' Lord Klgiu,' ' St. Lawrence,' * Boston,' and other boats were running upon regular lines in 1S63, some of thtm from Montreal to Hamilton ; and the * Champion,' ' Highlander,' and ' May Flower' formcil a tlaily line betAvecn Cape Vincent and Hamilton, touching at the principal ports on the north shore of the lake. • "A submarine railway at Ogdeusburgh is destined to confer great benefits upon the navigation of the lake, by affording the means for taking the largest class of steamers and vessels out of the water for repairs." For some years lines of steamers ran in connection with the various railways, but at the present only small pleasure- steamers on the St. Lawrence, and lines of ferries to Cana- dian ports, are connected with them in Jefferson County. The Northern Transportation Company's heavy propellers, which formerly connected at Cape Vincent, h:tve been changed to Kingston and the north channel of the river, and connect lower down at Ogdensburgh and other ports. For further account of .ship-building and lake navigation, see history of Hounsficld, Cape Vincent, Clayton, and other mariue towns. rOST-ROUTES. Post-routes began to be established as early as 1806, and were added to as the country became more densely settled and roads more plenty, until the region of northern New York was as well supplied as other and older portions of the commonwealth. The earliest mails were undoubtedly carried on horseback, and all the routes, of course, up to the advent of railways, were over tlie common roads of the country. At the present time nearly all the mails come into and leave the county by rail, and nearly every section is accommodated by daily mails. In this connection we furni.sh a list of the post-routes of the county from 1806 down to 1851, with the date of the formation of each by act of Congress : April 21, 1806. From Ilarrisburg, through Williams- town (Dc Kalb), Ogdensburgh, Potsdam, Ciiateaugay, to Platt.sburgh. From Rome, through Redfield, Adams, by Smith's Mills, to Sacket's Harbor, and from thence to Chaumont. April 28, 1810. From Utica, by Whitestown, Rome, Camden, Adams, and Sacket's Harbor, to Biownville. From Utica, by Trenton, Steuben, Loyden, Turin, Lowville, Harrisburg, 0.x Bow, De K;db, Canton, Ogdensburgh, Lisbon, Hamilton (Wiiddington), Madrid, Potsdam, Ches- terfield ( Lawrence), Malone, and Chetango (Chateaugay), to Plattsburgh. From Harrisburg, by Champion, Water- town, and Rrownville, to Port Putnam. April 30, 1810. From Wiliiainstown, by Richland, El- lisburg, and Henderson, to Sacket's Harbor. From Brown- ville to Cape Vincent. April 20, 1818. From Denmark, by Le Raysville, to Wiliia. March 3, 1821. From Turin, by Harrisburg, Copen- hagen, Tylerville, Pinckney, and Rodman, to Adams. From Watertown, by Le Raysville, to Antwerp. May 8, 1822. From Champion to Alexandria, by Felt's Mills, Le Raysville, Evans' Mills, Theresa, and PIcssis. March 3, 1825. From Watertown, by Adams and Mannsville, to Sandy Creek ; and from thence, by Rich- land, etc., to Syracuse. March 2, 1827. From Ellisburg, by Smithville, to Sacket's Harbor. May 24, 1828. From Watertown, by Evans' Jlills, Philadelphia, Antwerp, Gouverneur, De Kalb, and Heu- ville, to Ogdensburgh. June 15, 1832. From Watertown, by Brownville, La Fargeville, to Cornelia, at the mouth of French Creek ; thence, by Depauvillc, to Brownville. From Heuville, by De Peyster, to Ox Bow. July 2, 1830. From Watertown, by Burrvillc, to Rod- man. From Carthage, through Great Bend, Le Raysville, Felt's Mills, Lockport, and Huntington's Mills, to Water- town. From Theresa, by the Glass-Works and South Hammond, to Hammond. July 7, 1838. From New Haven, by Port Ontario and Lindseyvillc, to Ellisburg. August 31, 1842. From North Adams, through Field's Settlement, to Watertown. March 3, 1845. From Wilua, by Natural Bridge, to Diana. March 3, 1847. From Antwerp, by Shingle Creek, Fowler, Fullerville, Edwards, and Russell, to Canton. August 14, 1848. From Copenhagen, by Boynton's Corners, Worthville, and Jacksonville, to Lorraine. From La Fargeville, by Sliantyville, Parker Settlement, Theresa, Ox Bow, and Wegatchie', to Gouverneur. Septoinber 27, 1850. From Pierrepont Manor to Sacket's Harbor, by railroad. From Adams Centre to Sacket's Har- bor, on the direct road. From Natural Bridge to Diana. From Evans' Mills to O.v Bow. From Lowville, by Har- risburg and Pinckney, to Rodman. March 3, 1851. From Great Bend, by Evans' Mills, to French Creek (Clayton). POST-OFFICES. The following list .shows. the present post-offices in the county, arranged by towns, alphabetically : Adiims. — Adams, Adams Centre, Smithville. The latter is on the line between this town and Henderson. Alexandria. — Alexandria, Redwood, Plessis. Anlwerj). — Antwerp, Ox Bnw. Bioiciivillc. — Brownville, Dexter, Perch River, Lim- erick, Pillar Point. 128 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Cape Vincent. — Cape Vincent, St. Lawrence, Rosiere. Chionpion. — Chonipion, Groat Bend, South Chanipion. Clayton. — Clayton, Dejiauville, Thousand Tshuid Park. Ellisiurg. — Ellisburg, Rural Hill, Pierrepont JManor, Mannsvillo, Belleville, Woodville. Henderson. — Henderson, Bishop Street. Honnsfield. — Sacket's Harbor, Stowell's Corners, Galloo Islands, Ea.st Honnsfield. Le R'ty. — Le Ra3svillc, Evans' Mills, Black River, San- ford's Corners. Lorraine. — Lorraine, Allendale. Lyme. — Chaumont, Three-Mile Bay, Point Peninsula. Orleans. — Orleans Four Corners, Omar, La Fargeville, Stone Mills, Fisher's Landinn.'*idcrablc diffi- culty, it may be a.seended two and a half miles. The soil of this tonnship is excellent in general, and, indeed, thero is very little but what might be truly called first quality. Timber — maple, beech, bass, elm, ash, butternut, and some |)inc, of excellent quality. ** There are excellent mill-seats along Black river, where they are noted on the map, and many more which it is impossible to note with eertiiinty, as the river the whole distance on the town is very rapid, except at the northeast corner, for about three-quarters of a mile. The river is very rocky along the whole distance, ami ap- pears to be a bed of limestone rocks. Along the banks of Black river, opposite Xo. 2 township, is cedar and hemlock, and, in some place?, white pine, for about twenty or thirty rods, and from thenco it rises to very handsome land, and timbered with maple, bass, beech, etc. "At the northwest corner is some flat rock, which lies about eight inches under the surface, and which is full of large cracks, open about ten or twelve inches." Of the lots upon which the village of Watertown has been built, he remarked : 7. " This is a very gtpod lot, and has excellent mill-seats on the river, without cxjicnsive dams, and with the greate.-t safety to the mills. 8. "This is a very good lot, and is well timbered; has fine mill- seats, anil land of the first quality; some few stone and some pine timber. 9. " (Above village.) This is an excellent lot, some beauiiful land along the east line, and some pine timber on the south ; some maple, beech, bass, elm, anil iron-wood. 10. "(Corner lot.) This is an excellent lot ; has a fine flat along the beach, \vhich is very fine soil." Simultaneously with the organization of the town, settle- ments were commenced by Henry Coffeen and Zachariah Butterfield, wlm arrived in March, ISOII. They had vis- ited the country the jtrevious autumn and purchased farms. They were from Schuyler, Oneida county, and brought their families and began their settlements on the site of Watertown village. Coffeen arrived a little in advance of Butterfield, coming tJtVt Lowville, with his family and house- hold goods upon an o.\-slcd. He had purchased parts of lots 2, 3, 13, 21, and 165 ticrcs on the westerly part of lot No. 7, now covered by the city. He erected his hut on the ground just west of the Iron Block, and Butterfield settled on the spot now covered by the Merchants' Exchange, newly erected on the corner of Wa.shington street and the Public square. Oliver Bartholomew* arrived in town in March, 1800, and settled one and a half miles from the present village of Brownvillc. Simeon and Benjamin Woodruff and others visited the town, with the view of settlement, and in the ensuing winter but three families * Deacon Bartholomew was born in Connecticut, October 20, l",i7 ; served through the Revolution ; scttleil in Oneida county in 1704. and died in Watertown, ,Iune IS, 1S.'>0. In 1S0.3 he assisted in forming one of the first Itaplist churches in the county. 132 HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YOllK. wintered in town, viz. : Coffccn, Bartholomew, and Butter- field. The land books of Mr. Low show the following list of purchasers, some of whom may not have been actual settlere : "17'J9, Mny lf>. John Whitney, 4.'>0 acres on lot .''.at $2.50 per acre; this prohably reverted. In October, E. Allen, Silas AMtn, S. ami B. Wootlrutr, Jas. Kogcrs, 0. liartliolonicw, Thoii. Delano, Elisha Gustin, Z. Butterlield. In LSOO, llcinnn IVMit, Thos. and John Saw- yer, John Blevan, Abrain Fisk, AVni. Laiiipson, Joseph Tuttle, N. Jewell, J. AVait, Abram Jcwett, Ilart Massev. Joseph Wadley, Jona- than IJentlev. J. Sikes, S. Norris, Chas. (.Jalloway, Jonathan Talcott, Josiah Beutley, Frend Dayton, John Patrick, David iient, Luther Detnining, Kphraini Edwards, Tilson Barrows, Tiionias IJuttcrfield, J. and li. Slebbins, Asaph Mather, IJenj. Allen, E. Lazelle, litnry Jewctt, Lewis Drury, S. Fay, Stanley, ,TanK's Glass, Ira Brown, W. 1'. and N. Crandall, Calvin Brown, Aaron Bacon, Bennct Kice, Thomas II. Biddlecom." During the following season many of these persons, who were mostly from Oneida county, settled, and, in 1802, Jonathan Coweu* began the erection of a grist-mill at the bridge that crosses to Beebce's Island. The extraordinary water power which this place picseuted afl'orded ground for the expectation that it would become the centre of a great amount of business. The first deeds were given August 20, 181)2, to Elijah Allen, Jotham Ives, David Bent, Ezra I'arker, William Parker, Joseph Tuttle, and Joseph Jloorc.t During the first summer of the scttleinent, it being en- tirely impossible to procure grinding at any mills nearer than Canada, a stump standing on the Public sijuare, a few rods east of the American Hotel, had been formed into a mortar, and, with a spring-pole and pestle attached, served the purpose of a graiu-mill to the settlement. This primi- tive implement, suggestive of rustic life and the privations of a new colony, relieved the pioneers, in some degree, from the necessity of long journeys to mill, through a pathless forest. The hardships of this early period had a tendency to create a unity of feeling and sympathy from the strong sense of mutual dependence which it engeiitlered, and which is recalled by the few survivors of the period with emotions of gratitude for the manifest mercies of Providence. These hardy adventurers were mostly jjoor. They possessed few of the comforts of life, yet they had few wants. The need- ful articles of the household were mostly made by their own hands, and artificial grades of society were unknown. The first death of the settlement is thus described by J. P. Fitch, in the preface of the first village directory, published it. 1840: " Late at the dose of n still, sultry day in suintner, Mrs. I. Thorn- t(»n, the wife of one of the young settlers, gave the alarm that lier husband had not returned from the forest, whither he had gone in the afternoon to procure a piece ol timber. Immediately every luan in the settlement answered to the call, and hastened to the place di-sig- natcd for meeting, to concert a jtlan for search. Here all armed them- selves with torches of lighted pine-knots, or birch-bark, and calling every gun in the place into use for tiring alarms and signals, started out in siimll companies into the forest, in all directions. After a search of several hours, the preconcerted signal-gun announceil that the ' lost was found." All hurried to the spot, and u]ion the ground * Cowen was a millwright, and an undo of Judge Eseck Cowen, of Saratoga county, lie I0, preceded the war did not prevent but rather increased the trade by the high prices that it created, but the declaration of war entirely prostrated that and every otlier energy of the country, exc(!pt that the military operations of that period re((uired large supplies of provisions and forage for the armies on the frontier. At Watertown bodies of troops were stationed for short periods, and the sick were often sent thither for that attendance which could not be secured at Sacket's Harbor. In 1811 tlie citizens had adopted measures for securing tlic benefits of an academy, and erected on the site of the First Presbyterian church a brick building for that purpose, which will be again mentioned in our account of academies. This building was used as a hospital for a considerable time. Soon after the war there occurred in this village an event which excited extraordinary interest throughout the country, and of which many accounts have been published, more or less approximating to the truth, but none to our knowledge giving the full and correct details. Had the subject de- pended upon us alone to give it publicity, it might have been properly pa.s.sed over as one of those events that should be forgotten, in charity to the memory of the dead, and feelings of surviving relatives ; but as it has been so often repeated that we do not imagine it in our power to give it wider notoriet}", and knowing that the public would expect a notice of the event, we have labored to procui'c a correct version. The narrative may effect a useful purpose, by ex- hibiting the extent to which one error leading to another will betray one, at the same time serving as an instructive lesson to warn against any deviation from the path of honor, or the listening to suggestions that compromise principle. Samuel Whittlesey, J'jSi|., a lawyer of fine abilities, and whose moral and religious standing in the community was above suspicion, although " unequally yoked" to a woman of vicious proclivities, had settled in Watertown as early as 1807. He was a member in good standing of the Con- gregational (now Presbyterian) church, and being a Demo- crat in politics, was honored with office from the appointing power. In 1814 he was the candidate of that party for member of Congress, and though defeated by Moss Kent, it was not for lack of popularity with the people composing his party. He wius appointed brigade paymaster of the militia, by Governor Tompkins, for the purpose of paying off the State militia who had been called into the service on the frontier during the war. Jiison Fairbanks and Pcrley K eyes were his sureties, and this last fact is the apology for giving a detailed history of that affair in connection with Mr. Fairbanks' biography. After the war had fully closed, the militia began to look with anxiety for the time to come when they should get their pay for services in the defense of their country. Mr. Whittlesey went to New York to obtain the necessary funds, and received at the Mechanics" Bank in that city §35,000, with wliicli he returned, honestly intending, as there w;is reason to suppose, to pay out the bust dollar to the persons for whom it was designed. Mrs. Whittlesey's evil genius had suggested to her to go along, ostensibly for the purpose of visiting some friends, but, as afterwards seemed more likely, to watch for some (tpportitniti/ ichich iiiii//t/ lani iiji. An indefinable desire 134 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. to be where the money w;is possessed her, and she persuaded hor luisbaiid that it was eminently jiroper for her to bear him company. On their way back, at Schenectady, she claimed to make the discovery that their trunk liad been broken open and some $87laces where he stopped on the way he took pains to announce to the people that he would be back on a given day and pay to such persons as were entitled by their services and vouchers. His appear- ance at the time was natural and careless, too much .so, as was thought by .some, for a man who was in a position of so much rc.si)on.sibility. But he had been well in.structed, no doubt, by his evil c/enius, and he enacted his part as well as could be expected from a man who was naturally honest, and who was out of his clement, ami had such a ciushins sense of damning guilt resting on his soul. He reached Trenton, and ]iut u[) at the jjublic-house owned by Orren Ives, but whiili was in charge of Henry D. Cadwcll, Esip, niiw i.f imr village. He left his hor.se under the .shed, as tlidugh lie was guiiig fartlu'r, and had him fed, with the saddle and Jiortmantcau all on. He called for dinner, and after dinner he went into the street, and finally to the barn, but soon came in again with haste, a]>parently in the greatest possible consternation and alarm, bringing the saddle-b.igs with him, and declaring " //mt fir hud been rolibed of hin moniij, mid iiiti'ind/iiii/ lltnl It iiinsf have hien dune since he tens (it that hoiis Mr. Cadwell tried to convince him that it was impossible, but in vain. He then ran over to Dr. Billings' lor advice, not choo.sing to rest under the imputation of crime, and persuading him to come and examine into the circumstances. Dr. Billings cheerfully undertook to satisfy Mr. Whittle- sey that whoever had got his money, it was not any person belonging to the house at Mr. Ives'. The portmanteau was exhibited in the mean time, and the slit on the undei side, where it was supposed the money must have been ex- tracted, was particularly and critically inspected to see whether it was a fresh cut or otherwise. Mr. Whittlesey's attention was very soon called by Dr. Billings to the fact that the action of the portmanteau on the horse's loins had heated him, and produced a free perspiration, and that the lather thus created had penetrated the slit in the leather, staining the edges, and leaving a gummy substance on the inner surface, which he peeled off with his thumb-nail. The slit was evidently cut, at some time, with a knife, and was seven or eight inches in length. There were some packages of old newspapers put in to supply the place, but the money was gone. He returned home to communicate the terrible catas- trophe to his family, and his two friends who were his sureties, and who must necessarily be involved in the general ruin which seemed inevitable. As a natural con- sef|uencc, the event became the absorbing topic in every family, and the tlicnie of a wide circle in all the counties of the State. Rewards were offered, and staring hand-bills posted for the apprehension of the bold thief, but all in vain. Messre. Fairbanks and Keycs conversed with him freely, and without seeming to hesitate in taking his version of the story, which was, briefly, " That the money was all in one j)ackage, just as he had received it from the bank ; that he put it in one end of the portmanteau, with some changes of linen in the other end ; that he then took them on his arm, and pro- ceeded to put them across the saddle, and iunncdiately mounted his horse, sitting on the bags ; and he thought he had exercised a very careful supervision over them up to the time when he missed the money, after arriving at Trenton village." He exhibited the portmanteau first to Mr. Fairbanks, and then to Mr. Keyes, at two separate interviews, and each made such an examination of tliem as they could do without betraying any suspicions that their confidence in the integrity of the Whittlesey family was weakened. Mr. Fairlnmks' interview with Mr. W. lasted an hour, during which time the best method of procedure in eflbrts to detect the thief and recover the money was freely discussed. With the view of being able to answer the inquiries which would be made, .Mr. Fairbanks took an exact diagram of the slit in the bags on a piece of paper, and found the length of it seven and a half inches, with what appeared to be pin-holes in the edges of the cut in the leather, as if they were made by pinning the edges together to keep the slit from being readily discovered. Whittlesey told him that the principal reason why he took all the moiuiy with him was, '■ that his wnmcn were UMwilliiig that any portion of it should be letl with them. PHOTOS. BY GENORON. MRS. WILLARD IVES (deceased). MRS. WILLARD IVES. ResiOENCE or HON. WILLARO IVES. HON. WILLARD IVES, of Watertown, Jefferson County, New- York, is a man whose history, simple and unpretending, is identical with that of a large class of the most useful members of society. He is, iu the best sense of the word, a farmer. Blessed with a competence which places him beyond the apprehension of want, the owner of extensive and valuable farming lands, lying contiguous to the ttourishiug city of Watertown, he prosecutes the occupation oi agriculture with his own hands, thus giving a practical repudiu tion to the anti-republican a.ssumption, that " labor is degrading and at war with true dignity." That the sympathies of Mr. Ives are pre-eminently with the producing classes is evidenced, not, as in too many instances, by mere empty professions, but by the high force of practical example. The subject of this notice is of New England extniction. His grandfather, Mr. Jotham Ives, who was of Welsh de scent, was born in Cheshire, Connecticut, in 1743 ; removed early in life to Torriugton, Litchfield county, where ho spent his days almost exclusively in agricultural pursuits. His third son, Titus, was born in December, 1778. In 1801 (at the early age of twenty-three) Titus Ives removed to Watertowu U)wnship, New York, which he made his permanent home. The fertile and wealthy region now known as the '• Black River country," was at that time an almost .unknown wilderness, and to Mr. Ives belongs the credit of having been one of the pioneers by whose perseverance and energy pleasant fields and thriving villages haye been carved out of that unbroken wilderness. Willard Ives, the subject of this notice, was bom July 7, 1806, in the town of Watertown, and lived on the farm taken up by his father, when he first came to the county, until the year 1850. He was limited in the means of education to the indiflFerent common schools afforded by a new country, and the Immble district school-house, with the exception of a short time spent at Belleville and an academy in Lowville. He was married December 27, 1827, to Miss Charlotte, daughter of Samuel and Lucy Winslow, of Watertown, but formerly of Vermont. She was amiable in her disposition, devoted to the wiilfarc of the church she so much loved ; a consistent Chris lian woman, a faithful wife. Her long-continued ill health finally brought her to a premature grave. She died in the year 18(51, aged fifty -five years. For his second wife he married Miss Lucina M., daughter of Zepheniah and Sally Eddy, of Philadelphia, Jefferson County, but formerly of Osw^o county. Her father was a native of Rhode Island. She is a lady of more than ordinary intellectual ability, and shares the happiness and comfort of her husband in the declining years of his life. Devotedly attached to the faith and discipline of the Meth- odist denomination of Christians, he was selected in 1846 by the Black River conference to represent it in the World's con- vention, held that year in London. In the discharge of the duty so assigned him, he visited Europe, and spent much of the year 1846 abroad. After his return he was chosen presi- dent of the Jefferson County Agricultural Society, a position for which his close attention to agricultural science has pecu- liarly qualified him. In the year 1840 he was first connected with the bank of Watertown as director, and, subsequently as president. In 1848 his friends presented his name to the public as a candi- date for Congress. He was always, from his earliest political action, strongly attached to the principles of the Democratic party, and, like the great mass of that party in this State, found himself unable to concur in the recommendations of the Balti- more convention. The county of Jefferson, forming the Nine- teenth congressional district, is of doubtftil poUtical complexion, and had been, for ten years previous, represented more than one- half of the time by a Whig member. In the campaign of 1848, the supporters of General Cass for the presidency drew off from the old Democratic organiza- tion in the county about two thousand votes ; and yet with this great defection, such was the popularity of Mr. Ives, that he came within less than three hundred votes of defeating hi.s Whig competitor. In the year 1852, being again placed in nomination by his party to represent it in Congress, he was elected by a majority of some seven hundred votes. Mr. Ives was the chief instigator in the establishment of the orphan asylum at Watertown, and interested himself largely in obtaining subscriptions for the same, which, added to the aid afforded by the State, left that institution free from any incum- brance from its beginning. He has been, and still is, a large contributor to the support of the seminary at Antwerp bearing his name. Mr. Ives was one of the originators and organizers of the Syracuse Univer- sity, and, with Bishop Jesse T. Peck and others, founded an institution destined to be among the first in the United States. He has been one of the trustees since its organization. He has been connected with the Jefferson County Bible Society nearly the entire time since its formation as contributor, and, for the past thirty years, a part of the time as its president. In early life he took a deep interest in Sunday-school work, and has labored earnestly for the propagation of that interest, and also as a co-laborer in the social meetings of his church. At the general conference held in Brooklyn, New York, of the Methodist Episcopal church, the first in which lay members had a representation, he was a delegate. He was one of the incorporators of the " Thousand Island Camp Meeting Asso- ciation," which in so short a time has become a place of great religious interest, and since its organization he and his wife have spent much time at that popular resort. His zeal seems not to wane so long as he can assist in putting forward any enterprise looking to the building up of good society, and the propagation of Christian principles among men. He is identified with the Agricultural Fire Insurance Company, of Watertown, as a director ; also director and president of the Watertown Fire Insurance Company ; and is also president and one of the stockholders of the Merchants' Bank, of Watertown, and holds the same position in the Davis Sewing Machine Com- pany, of the city of Watertown. It is seldom the biographer is able to record the sketch of a man whose life seems so whoUy devoted to the best interests of his fellow-men as does Mr. Ives', and to the rising generation many useful lessons may be given by a careful perusal of this brief biography of one of Jefferson County's citizens. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 133 for that they would be all the time fearing that the}' might be robbed in his absence." His story was unifornily con- sistent with itself, and was undoubtedly well conned. Mr. Keycs, in the moan time, had been sent for. Mr. Fair- banks met him on the way, and passing him rei[uested him to call at his shop as soon as he should have closed the interview at Mr. Whittlesey's. When they met an hour afterwards, and compared notes, they found tliemselves perfectly agreed as to the probability of Mr. Whittlesey's guilt in the matter, and they decided at once on their course, which was to seem to have the most unqualified confidence in the truth of Whittlesey's .statements, and of his honesty, and then trust to time and their ingenuity to unravel the plot and to secure the money. Another object which they conceived to be important to them, in the relation they sustained to the government, was to persuade Mr. Whittlesey to secure them with his real estate, so far as it would go, against their liabilities ; on the principle that it was only just to them that he should freely yield up what he had, to make up so large a sum, and which was above their ability to meet. They met a day or two afterwards at Whittlesey's hou.se, and suggested the above matter of a conveyance of his property to them ; to which he very cheerfully agreed, thus con- firming them very much in their suspicions that he had that large sum, which he supposed he was going to fall back upon, and with which his little property seemed of very little moment in the comparison. It was a circum- stance that thoy weighed well. The security amounted to about §2000 in cash value, though Mr. Whittlesey esti- mated it as high as §5000. Aft«r they had effected their object in securing them- selves as far as could be done out of Whittlesey's property, they made their arrangements for the most perfect espionage upon the movements of the Whittlesey family, for the pur- pose of obtaining some clue to the present whereabouts of the money. A part of the plan was to spend most of their evenings at Whittlesey's, in mutual plans for ferreting out the rasciil who had so successfulij' robbed him, and thus ruined them all. They soon discovered that the sleeping- room of Whittlesey and wife was in a chamber on the back end of the house, and that a position on the roof of the wood-house, where it united with the house, would possi- bly give them favorable opportunities for eavesdropping. Fairbanks had a light, short ladder, which he procured for the purpose, with which one or the other of them climbed to the position selected, while the other kept them occupied in the pa.ssage-way to the front door in leave-taking, or after-thoughts and suggestions which had occurred to him. After a while it was arranged that Fairbanks should go to New York, ostensibly to take a pri.soner to the State's prison, but more particularly for the purpose of ascertain- ing from the officers of the bank what sized package the §35,000 made, so as to form a better conclusion whether such a package could by any po.ssibility pass through such an aperture as was made in the portmanteau. Another ob- ject was to see Chauncey Whittlesey, the eldest son of the family, and ascertain by an interview with him why he was in New York at the time his father was there, he being at the time assistant-surgeon, or surgeon's mate, in the United States navy. He xscertaincd to his satisfaction, however, that he was ashore on leave, while his vessel was on a short cruise ; and that he was quite short of pocket-money ; and that he was in no way connected with the plot. Mr. Fairbanks then came home and had an interview with Mr. Keyes, who had kept a regular wutch on the roof of Whittlesey's wood-shed during his absence, and had overheard enough to satisfy himself that their suspicions of liim were well founded. There was no question of the money being in the possession or under the control of Mr. and J[rs. Whittlesey. In the mean time Whittlesey and his wife had been busy in efforts to get small parcels of these bills into the hands of various individuals, — innocent parties, — with a kind of vague, indefinite hope that it might be found upon them, and thus have a tendency to divert public attention from themselves. With that end in view they made small de- posits of that particular money on the premises of various individuals. Marked bills amounting to S400 had been dropped on the road to Sacket's Harbor, and were found by a Mr. Gale, who counted and sealed them before witness ; and afti^r the disclosure brought them forward. Marked bills had also been left on the premises of Mr. Chillus Dotj', of Martins- burgh, at whose place Mr. Whittlesey stayed overnight on his way to Trenton with the money ; and after- wards — when he had been forced to disgorge the large balance — he proceeded on horseback to repossess himself of it ; as he reluctantly admitted to the late Dr. Amasa Trow- bridge, who insisted on knowing where he had been riding so hard as to jade his horse so much. Marked bills were also found on the premises of Joseph Shelden, who kept a tavern in Martinsburgh, and which were afterwards returned to the sureties. It was also during the absence of Mr. Fairbanks in New Y'^ork, with the State's prisoner, as before related, that Cap- tain Seth Otis, of this town, disclosed to Mr. Keyes the fact that he had received of Whittlesey §100 in bills of the same bank, in payment for that amount of money which he had some time before loaned, on call, to him. He stated that he had at first felt unwilling to give them up, because he did not feel able to lose that amount of money. But Mr. Keyes very soon made him easy on that score, assuring him that they would give him their equivalent in gold ; for that they were the only clue that he had been able to get to the missing money ; charging him, however, as he valued his friendship, not to divulge a syllable to mortal man or woman on the subject. This last fact, together with little namele.ss appearances of the guilty parties, added to what had been gained by eavesdropping, had had the effect to confirm them in the belief that they had the money, and hence that there was no time to be lost in an effort to " circumvent the cunning old sarjpetU," who was the chief plotter in all this complicated ruin. But precisely where the money was was the great question. Keyes had overlieard enough to satisfy himself that any effort to recover it must needs be made very soon, as they were evidently concocting a plan for flight to parts unknown, within a very short period, and he had heard noises that 13G HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. indicated the boxing up of goods in the house at late hours ill the night. A number of schemes were proposed and discussed be- tween them, having reference to operating on Jlr. Whittle- sey's fears, in order to frigliten him into a disclosure of the place of deposit ; but there were objections to each and all, until Keyes suggested that in his experience as a raf'tuian he had found that nothing seemed to take the pluck and courage out of a man like partial drowning ; and he had come to the conclusion that it was a kind of torture they could graduate and prutract at their pleasure, by selecting a pit filled with water for the purpose. He had just such a place in his mind, on liis own farm, as would answer their purpose. Tliey proceeded together to tlie place, and made their preparations accordingly. Tlieir scheme succeeded admirably; they got Whittlesey to the place without ex- citing his suspicions, and charged hiiu with the theft of the money. Whittlesey .surveyed his two friends with calmness and seeming self-possession, and calling God to witness the truth of his allegations, he proceeded to reiterate his oft-told tale. Keyes thereupon seized him, and, with a little of Fairbank.s' help, placed him in the water. After being strangled a little they allowed him to scramble out. Being again in- terrogated, and assured if the money were restored uo legal proceedings would be instituted, he again protested his innocence most solemnly, and with a calmness most unac- countable. They proceeded to plunge him in a second time, and held liim there until to their amazement he appeared dead! They however succeeded in restoring him to consciousness, and then repeated to him that they had availed themselves of means of knowing for a certainty the fact of his having the money under his control, though they could not lay their hands upon it. They told him that their minds were fully made up, and that it depended entirely on himself whether he survived the process to which they had re.sorted, in their desperation, to save tliem.selvos from ruin. After prolonging this kind of talk until he had so far recovered as to make it safe to repeat the proci^ss, Mr. Fairbanks turned to Mr. Keyes and said, " Y^ou help me put him in once more; then give me what money you have got, — take care of yourself for your family's sake. I have no family and want no witnes.ses of the concluding part of this pro- cess. I will write you from Kingston and toll yiiu where to direct a letter to me. " They then shook hands and ten- derly took leave of each other, when Mr. Keyes gave Fair- banks some $1M) and walked off. Fairbanks informed his sub- ject that his time had come. His arms were jiinioned behind him in such a way that he could offer no resistance, and finding things looking de.sperate and himself sinking again in the water, he cried out, " I'll own it 1 I'll own it 1" Keyes was immediately called back, and they proceeded to jiut him in a position to give tluni the inl'urmation they so much coveted. He said the money was in his wife's possession, and cither under a tile in the hearth of a chamber, which he described, or in his wife's bed-room in another chamber ; that it had been sometimes in the cellar in a place which he described, but always in licr custody and under hrr special control. He said he never should have been guilty of this wicked- ness but for the fact of his having been robbed at Schen- ectady of §8700, for which he was wholly unable to account, and which he had never spoken of before or advertised, because his wife had persuaded him of the impo.ssibillty of satisfying the public that any robber would have taken only part of an entire package of money and left the largest share. After Whittlesey had made this disclosure, it was agreed that Keyes should go to the house and get possession of the money, while Fairbanks should stay in charge of the cul- prit; that if Keyes did not find it he should come back, and, from a corner of his barn, which could be seen from their po.sition at the water-hole, give a signal which would be understood, after which, " dead men tell no tales." After Keyes had gone for the purpose of seeing whether the money was where he had described, Fairbanks asked the old man whether he had sent him on a fool's errand, but was answered that he had told all he knew. He protested that there was the $8700 spoken of before, which he knew nothing about, and intjuircd an.xiously whether they in- tended to hold him responsible for that sum. In about an hour Keyes caiue back and released his friend and their prisoner. Whittlesey bogged hard to be released on the spot, and Keyes was disposed to let him go, but Fairbanks was determined to restore him back to his own dwelling where he had taken him from. Keyes ])roceeded imme- diately again to where he had left the money, with Dr. Paul Hutchinson and John M. Canfield, while Fairbanks and Whittlesey proceeded more deliberately thnmgh the main streets, Washington and Court, to the residence of Mr. Whittlesey, which was directly opposite the Clerk's office on Court street. We now go back to say that Mr. Keyes had procured the assistance of Messrs. Hutchinson and Canfield as he went to the house for the purpose of an interview with Mrs. Whittlesey in order to get possession of the money. Seeing them approach .she fled to her chamber, and on their knocking for admission, she replied that she was changing her dress and would meet them shortly. As it w:\s not the time or place for much etiquette, INIr. Keyes rudely burst open the door, and on entering found her reclining on the bed, and disregarding her expostulations of imjn-opriety, proceeded to search, and soon found between the straw- and feather-beds upon which she lay a jiair of i|uilted drawers, when .she exclaimed, " You've got it ! My God ! Have I come to this?" The drawers bore the initials of Colonel Tuttle, of the United States Army, who had dii'd a short time before in that house under very suspicious circum- stances. They were fitted with two sets of buttons, for either herself or hrr liusban!> J.-I-Ht I8:)0 4,7(H) 1835 4,«» f.,027 5,4Ja 7,201 7,557 7,567 1805 -. 8,104 187U* 9,:i36 l»75t 10,041 1840.. 1845.. 1850.. 1855.. 1860.. ® City onlv. f There ij* every reason to believe tliat the census of 1S75 was hastily taken anil incorrect, ami n private census, tak< n in 1876, places the |inpulutiou at over 11,000. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 141 FIRE DEPARTMENT.* Watcrtown ha.s just reason to feci proud of and confi- dence in her fire department, and we feel disposed to enumerate it among her attraction.s. It is certainly a just claim that no otlier city of its size can boast a more effect- ive fire organization, while it is equally true tliat many cities containing five times her population cannot surpass, even if they equal her. The original charter incorporating the village of Water- town (April 5, 181Uj provided for the election of five fire wardens, each of whom was supplied with four ladders. Each owner or occupant of any building was obliged to furnish one or two buckets, according to the size of the structure, and to have thorn properly marked, and kept in a convenient place for use. It was also "ordained' that on an alarm or cry of fire every male inhabitant of fifteen years and upwards should repair to the place of the fire " forthwith" and put himself under the directidu of the fire wardcn.s. A fine of one dollar was imposed for " dis- obeying orders." Each warden was furnished with a white staff seven feet long by which to "distinguish" himself in time of fire. The first fire company was organized May 28, 1817, and on September 27 following, at a meeting of the " free- holders," the sum of S2U0 was voted towards the purchase of a first-class fire-engine. The " Cataract" was purchased soon afterwards, the county and village .sharing equally in the expense. The same meeting authorized the formation of a hook-and-ladder company, and William Smith was its first captain. August G, 1832, the second engine company was formed, and attached to the fire-engine belonging to the Jefl'erson cotton-mills. This company was No. 1, and the one previously organized, Cataract Company, No. 2. l)yer Huntington was chosen chief engineer, and Adriel Ely a.ssistant. In 1832 there was a double engine-house built — one story, of wood — wliere Firemen's Hall now stands. In April, 1835, Neptune Engine Company, No. 3, was formed, with the first brake-engine u.sed in town. In August, 1835, company No. 1 was disl)andod. In 1837 Neptune Company became No. 1. In 1839 the depart- ment was reorganized, and contained Neptune, No. 1 ; Cat- aract, No. 2; and Hook-and-Ladder, No. 1. In 1842 a company was organized to take charge of the engine for- merly belonging to No. 1. This company disbanded in 1845, and the same year — a new engine having been pur- chased — a new company was formed, and called Jcfi'erson Hose, No. 3. Cataract Company, No. 2, was disbanded about this time, its engine having been damaged. In June, 1848, a new engine was purchased for No. 1, and in July of the same year Central Ho.se Company, No. 2, was organized, taking the old machine of No. 1, which was called " Rough-and-Ready, ' and which was stored in barns or sheds as place could be found. The.se companies exist under the same names at the present time, and are doing excellent service, as the fire-record of the city proves. On the 10th of April, 1850, the fire department was chartered by act of the legislature, and the status of the active branch of the department at the present time (November 1, 1877) - lion. C. R. Skinner, in " Commcrciiil Advantascs of Watcrtonn." is as follows: Neptune Engine and IJose Company, No. 1, organized April, 1835; forty-four members ; present Fore- man, A. Miller; 2d Assistant, Duff La Fave ; Secretary, Charles Harris ; Treasurer, Tliomas Henderson. Central Steamer awl Hose Company, No. 2, organized July, 1848 ; fifty-three members; present Foreman, J. Chase, Jr. ; 1st Assistant, A. J. Moore; 2d Assistant, H. E. Tyler; 3d Assistant, M. MeMannis; Secretary, F. H. Dean; Treas- urer, H. J. Barber; Engineer, J. Hartigan ; Fireman, S. Ryan. Jiffcisi/n. Iloiv Compmiy. No. 3, organized 1845; fifty-two members; present Foreman, F. E. Hunn ; 1st Assistant, E. C. Van Namee ; 2d Assistant, F. L. Baker; 3d Assistant, George Hannahs; Secretary and Treasurer, H. Stimpson. John Hancock Uook-and-Laihler Com- pany, No. 1, organized June 10, 1817; forty-three mem- bers; present Foreman, A. D. Seaver; 1st Assistant, C. G. Witt ; 2d Assistant, W. H. Cole ; 3d Assistant, (}. Tliomas ; Secretary, J. J. Spencer ; Treasurer, J. M. Hutchins. There are also four companies of " exempt firemen," with a total membership of over one hundred and seventy. Neptune company occupies a substantial brick building on Factory street, and Central company a similar building on Goodale street, both owned by the department. The JeflTerson and Hancock companies occupy Firemen's Hall, on Stone street, built by the village in 1854. The city pays the regular expenses of the organization, including rent, etc. On January 11, 1S51, the department was in- debted to the amount of fifty-six cents. It has now an ample fund on hand, received chiefly from taxes on in- surance companies outside the State doing business therein, for the support of disabled firemen. A statement, incor- porated in the historical preface to the printed by-laws of the department (edition of 18G7), shows the amount of the several appropriations made to the department by the vil- lage of Watertown from 1848 to 1857 inclusive — the date of the last appropriation — to have been S1400, while the expenditures for disabled firemen, uniforms, and absolute necessaries amounted to §2201.09, leaving a balance paid by the department, from funds received from other sources, of §8G1.G9. The department has al.so erected two engine- houses, and on February 8, 1875, by resolution of its di- rectors, decided to jniruliaso a first-class steam-engine for especial use along the river, at important manufacturing points not easily reached by fire-hydrants. A Silsbury ro- tary engine was purchased for S4000, and has already done eft'cctive service. The same summer the city placed in the court-house tower a fire-alarm bell weighing 4000 pounds. The above-recorded facts would seem to argue that Water- town is well protected against extensive or dangerous fires, especially as the reservoirs described elsewhere furnish at all times a j)lentil'ul supply of water for fire purposes by means of one hundred fire- hydrants placed at convenient points about the city. The following is a list of chief engineers of the depart- ment since its formation, as far as can be ascertained : 1832-37, Dyer Huntington ; 1838, Asher N. Cores ; 1839, W. H. Robinson ; 1839 to 1848, records destn.yed ; 1848- 51, N. JM. Woodruff'; 1S52-53, N. Farnham ; 1854-G5, Fred. Emei-son ; 18GG-G7, S. B. Hart; 1SG8-G9, T. C. Chittenden; 1870-71, G. L. Davis; 1872-73, J. M. Car- 142 UISTORY OF JEFFEllSOxV COUNTY, NEW YOllK. penter ; 1874-75, W. S. Carlislo ; 1876, R. L. Utley ; 1877, H. A. Smith. The staff of the department for 1877 is as follows : Chief Engineer, H. A. Smith ; First Assistant Engineer, E. W. Knapp ; Second Assistant Engineer, 0. F. Graves ; Treas- urer, C. li. Sicinner ; Secretary, R. C. Scott; Directors, No. 1, J. E. Bergevin, R. C. Scott; No. 2, J. Chase, Jr., J. A. Quencer ; No. 3, F. E. Hunn, C. R. Skinner; Ilook- and-Laddcr, A. D. Seaver, C. A. Kelsey ; Exempt Co. A, C. II. Von Brakle, T. S. Graves ; Exempt Co. B, S. B. Hart, G. Hardy ; Exempt Co. C, James Smith, John BrittoD. WATERTOWN WATER-WORKS. As early as May 22, 1821, a plan fur supplying the vil- lage with water was discussed, and action was taken to- wards the erection of reservoirs, but the measures were not carried out. June 14, 1828, the sum of 850 was appropri- ated by tlie trustees for tlie pur]iose of boring for water on Factory Square. At the annual meeting in 1829, the pro- ceeds of licenses in the First Ward were applied towards pro- curing water for the village. Jlay 21, 1829, the .sum of $200 was voted for the purpose of boring fur water, and in pursuance of this object an artesian well was commenced on Public Square. After it had been sunk many feet a steel drill was maliciou.sly droppc^d into it, thereby stopping the work. In 1829, an a.ssociation was funned for boring for water on Factory Square. A hole two and a half inches in diam- eter was drilled to the depth of 127 feet, when water was obtjiincd, and having been tubed, discharged for many years, until about 1800, a copious voluiue of water slightly charged with suljihur and iron. On Sewall's Island a similar well was bored into the rock, which at 80 feet discharged water and an inflammable gas, but being drilled deeper these both were lost. April 10, 1826, the Watertown Water Company was incorporated, but nothing definite resulted, and a similar result I'ollowed the incorporation of the AVatertown Water- works, April 11, 1845. But in 1853 (March 22), L. Paddock, G. C. Sherman, I. H. Fisk, and H. Cooper were incorporated as the Water Commissioners of the village of Watertown. These citizens gave a joint bond of $60,000, and were empowered to borrow on the credit of the village 850,000 fur a term of thirty y(!ars. Soon after their ap- pointment, the commissioners contracted with J. C. Wells for the construction of a pump-house and reservoir, the latter to be 1511 by 250 feet at the water line, and twelve feet deep, projieily made, with two centre walls for filtering. The reservoir was located about a mile southeast of the vil- lage, on a lot of six acres, upon the brow of the limestone ridge, 180 feet above the village, and was given a capacity of two million gallons. The sit« of the reservoir commands a superb view of the city and surrounding country, which forms a picture in the summer of exquisite beauty, only to be excelled by the same landscape in the trojiical hues of the autumn. On the 23d of November, 1853, the water-works wore completed, and the water for the first time was |iuinpcd into the reservoir and let into jtipes communicating with resi- dences and fire-hydrants. An experiment then made showed that water could be thrown 120 feet perpendic- ular. No serious fires have devastated the city since the completion of the reservoir, but the growth of the city, and the increasing demands of its people, led the water commis- sioners, in 1871, to construct still another reservoir. This was located by the side of the former, and was completed in 1873. Its dimen.sions are 250 by 200 feet, and its capacity four and a half million gallons. The water is distributed to residences and one hundred fire-hydrants throughout the city by sixteen miles of water mains and pipes. The present Board of Water Commissioners is consti- tuted as fulluws : President, R. Van Namee ; Secretary, C. A. Sherman, J. F. Moffett, J. C. Knowlton, C. A. Holden ; Superintendent, Parson T. Hines; Clerk, N. P. Wardwell. WATERTOWN GAS-LIGHT COMPANY. Early in 1852, measures were taken for supplying the village with gas-light. Messrs. Walworth, Nason, and Guild had, by a village ordinance passed September 9, 1851, secured the exclusive privilege of supplying the vil- lage with rosin gas for ten years, and February 27, 1852, an association, styled the Watertown Gas-Liglit Company, was organized, with a capital of 820,000. In the same year the principal buildings in the business portion of the village were supplied, and during the summer of 1853 pipes were laid through many of the principal streets and to private houses, and a proportionate addition was made to the manufactory. Other parties having succeeded to the ownership of the capital stock of the company, on July I, 1874, the company was reorganized, and the capital stock increased to 8100,000. The company has, at the present time, about eight miles of mains laid down in the city, and supplies from 20,000 to 25,000 cubic feet of coal- gas on an average, daily, throughout the year. "There are ninety-nine street-burners in the city, and the principal bu.siness blocks and dwellings are also supplied by the com- pany. The present officers of the company are as follows : F. T. Story, president and treasurer ; E. Q. Sewell, vice- president ; Joseph S. Green, secretary and superintendent ; Directors, F. T. Story, E. Q. Sewell, A. C. Beach, and T. II. Camp. TIIK SUSPENSION BRIDGE. One of the things of which Watertown is justly proud is the suspension bridge. It spans the north channel of Black river, and is 175 feet long, 20 feet wide, and 40 feet above the surface of the water. It has four towers constructed of \ builer-plate and 17 ^ feet high. The four cables are 6.68 inches in circumference. The anchorage is very secure, being drilled eight feet into the .solid rock, and having one compound anchor, consisting of a -sulid bar of iron six inches in diameter to each. The chief points of interest in this bridge, and what Mr. Bradford, the builder, claims as superior to others of the kind, is the material of which the towers are constructed, — being of iron instead of stone. There is an aperture at the base of each tower, and an outlet at the top, so as to allow a free circulation of air, for the purpose of regulating the expansion and con- traction, and to establi-sh a uniformity with the expansion and contraction of the cables. Aside from the question Q.C.BlfADLEY. MffS. G.C.Bradley. I^isiocscc or &.C.BHADLLY, 4-,-^^ F^ESIDENCE of JOHN A.SHEF^MAN, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 143 of the greater economy of the towers, it is believed tliey are of greater strength and durability. But their chief excel- lence over stone is their suseej)tibility of e.xpansicin and contraction by the influence of heat and cold. Tliis i.s a di'sideratum of no slight importance. The tension of wire cables is greatly increased in severe cold weather, the towers remaining nearly the same height when built of stone, but in this the towers will contract by cold at the same time the cables do, lessening their height as the cables shorten, and relieving them of any increased strain. In warm weather, as the cables expand the towers reciprocate, in- creasing their height as the cables IcTigthen, — thus in either cold or warm weather presenting almost the same tension on the cables. Tiio other jioint in which an improvement is evident is the side-bracing and trussing. This is inge- niously adjusted so as to bring the weight of a crossing team on all parts of the cable alike, very much increasing its capacity. The strain on the cables is but little, if any, gi-eater when a team is in the centre of the bridge than when near the end. Tiicse two points in this bridge differ from all other sus- pension bridges, and have entitled Mr. Bradford to the honor of contributing largely to the world's stock of useful knowledge. The bridge has been thoniughly tested by the wear and tear of twenty years' use ; and that it will endure till an earthquake or .some other convulsion, or the cor- roding tooth of time shall destroy it, there exists no rational doubt. THE PUBLIC SQUARE, a view of which forms the frontispiece of the history of this city, is a feature of the city at once useful and attract- ive. It consists of an open mall, comprising nearly ten acres, the gift to the village, in 1 805, by the owners of ad- jacent lands. The present has adorned it, but the past made it possible to have it for adornment. It is surrounded by the finest buildings in the city, and is entered by sis of tlie most important streets in the corporation. It is laid out into two large oval parks, shaded with forest-trees, and sodded as lawns, with a smaller one between tl\e two, con- taining an elegant fountain rising from the centre of a circular limestone basin. Spacious driveways pa.ss com- pletely around the three ovals, the larger ones being pro- vided with neat stands, wherein on pleasant summer evenings the city band discourses exijuisite harmony to adniirini; crowds, which pack the broad streets and sidewalks in car- riages and on foot. Here, in the very heart of the city, amidst its dust and bustle, the lawyer leaving his bri(;f, the physician liis diagnosis, the minister his sermon, the banker his statements, the merchant his invoices, and the laboring man and woman the drudgery of daily toil, may come and <(uaff generous draughts from nature's brimming cup, and fill their souls with the melody of singiug birds, rustling leaves, and rippling waters, and return each to his appointed task refreshed and re-invigorated. PUBLIC BUILDINGS, BUSINESS BLOCKS, ETC.* One of the most prominent features of Watertown as a city, and the characteristic which attracts the attention of * From Mr. Skinner's pain|ihlcl. visitors, is the elegance and substantial beauty of its public buildings and business blocks. In this respect it yields none of its claims to attention, and while it excels nearly every city of its size, rivals if not equals the appearance of many larger municipalities. The exhibit illustrates in a high degree the enterprise of those under whose direc- tion the buildings were erected, the taste and skill of our architects, the growing demands of business, and tells its own story of wealth and development. In other portions of this work will be found full descrip- tions of the manufacturing c.stalili.shments, together with the churches, hotels, and schools of Watertown. Our ob- ject here is to note the most prominent of the notable buildings which adorn Public Square and the principal streets. In this connection it seems proper to quote Dr. Hough's oj)inion on this subject, expr&ssed in 1854, in his admirable history : " The taste which has been e.xhibited within two or three years in the erection nf private dwellings cannot fail of being noticed and admired by strangers, and this, if continued, will soon render Iho village as conspicuous among the inland towns of the Stale, for the classic elegance of its private as well as its public buildings, as it has already become for the immensity of its water-power, and the extraordinary combination of facilities for tnanul'acturing purposes which it jjossesscs." Jefferson County Court-Hocse is one of the finest of our public buildings, and is situated at the corner of Ar.senal and Benedict streets. It is surrounded by spacious grounds, inclosed by a handsome iron fence. The building was erected in 1862, at a cost of $50,000. It is built of brick and stone, is two stories high, and 100 by 50 feet. During the present year provision has been made for ornamenting the yard with trees and shrubbery. The court-room and supervisors' room are among the finest and largest in the State. The building is supplied with water and gas throughout. It contains the surrogate's oflBce, and the county clerk's oflice is located in the rear. The Winslow Block, the most attractive of our busi- ness blocks, occupies the angle formed by Franklin street and Public Square. It was erected by Hon. Norris Winslow, in 1874. It fronts 174 feet on the Square, and 194 on Franklin street, and varies in width from 12 to i:^0 feet. It is five stories high, built substantially of brick, and is admirably arranged for business purpo.ses. The first floor contains eight stores, and there are also several others on the second floor. The remainder of the building is devoted to oflices, halls, and private rooms. The three upper stories are reached by a broad stairway, and contain an arcade 125 feet long and three stories high. It may here be said with truth that this building is another and a durable monument of the industry, enterprise, and public spirit of its founder. No man has done more for the substantial good of Water- town in the erection of public buildings and private resi- dences, and he deserves the good will and esteem of every citizen. Washington Hall stands at the corner of Washington street and Public .S(|uarc, and is one of the finest and most conspicuous structures in Watertown. It was built in 1853, on the site of Perkins' hotel, and the site of the ; 144 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. second dwelling erected in the city. It was built by Walter and Gilbert Woodruff, and came into the possession of John A. Sherman in July, 1859, who has since owned and im- proved it. The building is of brick, 90 by 120 feet in size, and three stories high. Tiic first floor is occupied by eight stores, the second story by offices, and the third is devoted to one of the finest halls in tlie State, capable of seating 1200 persons, with standing room for 300 more. Its heiglit is 37 feet, and it b elaborately frescoed. The stage is 40 by 46 feet. TuE Agricultural Insur.vnce Cojipany's Block, located on Washington street, near Washington Hall, is tlie best and most substantial ofiice building in northern New Y'ork. It was erected in 1873, at a cost of 850,000. It is 26 by 103 feet, three stories high, and basement. The walls are brick, with a handsome marble front, surmounted by a figure of " Ceres." It was erected by John W. Griffin, and is occupied by the Agricultural and Watertown Fire Insurance companies. TuK DooLITTLE k Hall Block is situated on Public Square, a short distance east of the Woodruff House. It was built, in 1871, by L. D. Doolittle and R. II. Hall. It is of brick, three stories, and presents a front of ninety feet. It is occupied by five stores, several offices, and a liall. The present owner is 11. H. Hall. The Van Namee Block is one of the most promi- nent of the private blocks. It is of brick, four stories, built in 1873, by Richard Van Namee. The first floor is occupied by Van Namee Brothers' pharmacy, the remainder for offices. The Streeter Block is located on the corner of Public Square and Mill street, fronting on each about ninety feet, and is three stories, with basement and attic. There are seven stores in the building; erected in 1843, by dif- ferent parties. It is a handsome and bu.sy block. The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh Rail- way Dei'OT, m rear of the Woodiiitt' House, is a tasty structure of brick, arranged in two divisions. Tiic offices of the company are located in this building. The Paddock buildings arc mentioned on another page. Scripture & Clark's Carriage Repository, on Arsenal street, was erected in 1876. It is one of the most tasty of the smaller blocks. It is constructed of wood and covered with iron. The so-called Iron Block, on the north side of the Public Square, a fine brick structure, four stories in height, and cue of the most siglitly in the city. V. S. Huiihard's Bi,ock, at the corner of Public Scjuare and Franklin street, is one of the best private business blocks in the city. TuE Fairkanks Block is a triangular structure, situ- ated on Arsenal and Court streets. It is of brick, four stories high, built by Ja.son Fairbanks. Adjoining the Paddock buildings on the south are four imposing business blocks, including Masonic Halh Union Bank is located in one of these buildings, and the National Rank and Loan Company occupies and owns the corner on the south. Adjoining the Iron Block, on the west, is the Merciiants' Bank building; the Safl'ord and Hayes blocks extending north on Court street. Several other fine blocks are located on Court street. Mechanics' Hall, erected by Hon. N. Winslow, and Carpenter's block, are located on Factory street. The Jeffer.son County Orphan Asyb'iM! on Franklin street, is a tasteful structure of brick, and surrounded by a pleasant grove. About 30 orphans are here cared for and taught. The institution is alily managed, and more than maintains itself.* The Jefferson County Poor-House and Insane Asylum is pleasantly located on jMain street, just outside the city limits, on the bank of Black river. The buillay. It is of brick, four stories high, and is admirably arranged for a hotel building. It is at present conducted by Messrs. Buck it Sanger, of the Woodruff House, and enjoys a wide reputation as an excellent hotel. The Hanchett House, on Court and Arsenal streets, * Soo genorftl history of the countj. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 145 enjoys a fair .share of public patronage. It is now known as the Globe Hotel. Thk KiKiiv IIousK, located on Court street, is a three- story brick building, conducted by Messrs. A. M. Harris & Son, and is a most popular caravansary. TlIK Crrr Hotkl, on Court street, recently eidarued by its jirDprietor, ^Vnl. M. Roach, and tin; H.vkkis n(ii:8E, on Public S([uare, Hehncr and J^arisli, pruprietors, are also among others worthy of mention. OLD LANDMARKS. The following notices of two vciuu'uble institutions we clip from the cttrrespondence of Solon Massey : Till-: "OLU COI'FKKN IIiH SK." " The recent fire of Saturday night (October 4, lS5(i), which burned tlie old Coffeon House, has removed from our midst nnothor of those time-honored landmarks whicdi for a balf-centnry had served to designate its particuhir locality in the western portion of our village. ** The old white house that for so mnny long years stood conspic- uously in the very centre of the wide street called Madison street, and which was the pioneer house in all that portion of the villnge, serving as a point to reckon from in calculating the latitude and longitude fur nearly two generations of men, has disajiiu'ari'il forever from the map of our village. In its day it was the pride of the village, displaying more of arcliitcctural and mechanical beauty in its proportions and workmanship than was usual in the very best class of pioneer Imuses, and was certainly the admiration of all the youths of tlic village and its vicinity, " Its site was one of rare beauty, — in the imnieiliate neigljburliood of the ])lace selected for the court-house and jail, and overlooking a large extent of country, as well as the course of the river. " Judge t'olTeen had succeeded in getting the county-seat at Water- town, and the stake for the court-house and jail on the site now {18J6) occupied by them ; and he flattered himself with the ho})e and expec- tation that he could draw oflf a fair proportion of the future popula- tion of the village to the high and eimimauding ground surrounding the court-house. He might have succccled. ])nssibly, had it not been for the hobl which the ' old spring in the ui:ill' hud on the choice and affections of the people. " No expense was spared, however, in the erection and embellish- ment of his own mansion, and in the plans which he devised for beau- tifying that part of the village. " His house was to bo the common centre around which, he confi- dently Ijelieved, would cluster a fair proportion of the business — slores, shops, and offices — as well as the private residences of a future city, and it was therefore adapted to meet the necessities of such a population as well as the traveling public, as a first-class hotel. ''For m:tny years it was used for such ])urposes, and rented to various individuals, who tried their skill in an effort to divide the patronage of tiie people with the two public-houses on the mall or square. iJut it was all in vain. Mr. Cuffecn became embarrassed in his pecuniary matters, and other things combined to chill his ardor and disappoint his expectations, and in ISIU he abandoned this field of his early ambition for a resilience in the new and promising State of Illi- nois, where he died within the first year. *' Tlie old mansion has been for many years the jiroperty of Jason Fairbanks, Esq., and been occupied by an average of five or six families most of the time for the last twenty years, and though it may have been a itocuniary loss to its proprietor, yet it had become one of those old houses which could be well spared but for its early nssuciatioDS.'' THE OLD FAILING IIOTKI,. " When an obi and venerable building, which for nearly sixty years bad been a ' landmark,* and which had been known to the public at large as a ' Traveler's Home,' is for any cause either taken down to make room for * pn»gress,' or is destroyed by the elements, it seems fitting and apjiropriate that a passing notice should be made, and its long history jiassed in review. So it seemed to us when we made a note of the passing away and the destruction by fire of the old * Kuicrson House,' on State street, a lew years ago, and afterwards of 11 the old ' Judge Cuflfccn House/ which etood in the centre of the street now known :m Masscy j^trect, l»ut then as Mu(li.-pular laudlonl, familiar with all that class of persons who hailed from the Mohawk river, and who s|ioke Iho Dutch as (heir vernaeular. Ho it wa.s who in Itsjy renrotilc. A level was carefully taken of the water fr»mi the point where tlie river enters the city at its ea.*Jteru limit to the point where it leaves it at its westerly houndary, a distance of less than two miles, includ- ing in detail ail the numerous falls and rapids, both improved and iinituprovcil. The whole amount of fall within tliis distance I have found to be 111.75 feet. Eighty-three feet of this noticcaltlc fall is included between the upper and lower railroad bridges, as seen by the accompanying ma]». " There are five distinct falls between the ])oints named. The river was gauged at a point about two miles above the city, where its course is straight and level for a considerable distance, and it was found to deliver 5S)G,72S cubic feet of water ]>er minute. This measurement was taken on the 22d of March, and although the water was very little if any higher than the ordinary winter flow, and the ice still un- broken, a deduction equal to one-third was made, to insure a safe es- timate of the fair working average of the year. This allowance gives an average delivery of 397,819 cubic feet per minute. This, multi- plied by 62.;i and 111.75, and divided by 33,000, gives 83,928 as the average actual horse-power for the whole river in its passage through the cutire city. If a still further allowance is made of two-thirds of this amount for leakage, clearance, friction, and unavoidable waste, we still have 27,976 horsepower, which may be regarded as effectual, and available to turn machinery." MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. The basis of the prosperity of Watertown as a manufec- turing city is her excellent water-power. At an early day the utilization and improvement of the natural advantages thus presented was commenced by the erection, first, of a grist-mill, and subse(|uently of more extensive manufac- turing enterprises, some of which still remain in operation. It maj' be well here to give a brief summary of the early manufactories, as far as existing records and personal re- search have enabled us to procure the necessary data. In 1808 a paper-mill was built above Cowan's grist-mill, by Gurden Caswell, who came in from Oneida county a few * Hon. Chas. R. Skinner, in " W.itcrtown. X. Y.' years before. Other paper-mills were constructed by him, and he was undoubtedly the most extensive of the pioneer manufacturers. In 1824, Knowlton & Rice cimimenced the business which is still continued by Knowlton Brothers, whose establishment will receive further notice under the proper classification. Tlie manufacture of cotton and woolen goods has held (|uite a conspicuous position in the industries of the place. The extracjrdinary prices to which cotton fabrics had ari^seii led to the tiirnialion of the " Black River Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Company," which was formed De- cember 28, 1813, with a capital of SIUO.OOO. The pro- mntei°s of this scheme were Hart Massey, William Smith, Jabez Foster, M. W. Gilbert, John I'addock, Egbert Ten Eyck, Amos Benedict, William Tanner, Jason Fairbanks, and Perlcy Keyes. The building (of stone) was erected in 1814, at a cost of 872,000. Local history relates that there w;is at this time considerable prejudice against the use of machinery in place of hand-labor. Spafford, in his Ga- zel/eer of iVc/o Yor/c, s;iid : '• The automaton habits and the moral tendencies of these establishments will be better understood fifty years hence." It may be said that the fifty years have elapsed, and that the more the world sees of '• automaton habits'" in munufacturing enterprises the better it likes them. This mill w.as carried on by the com- pany for three years ; was a few j'ears subsequently sold for S7000, and passed into other hands, and was destroyed by fire in 1869. In 1827 the "Jefferson Cotton Mills" were crectod on Beebee's island by Levi Beebce, who came hero from Coop- erstown. New York. They were constructed of stone, 250 by 65 feet, and three stories high, with ba.sement and wings. It was intended for ten thousand spindles, and its value was estimated at §200,000. On July 7, 1833, the building was entirely destroyed by fire. The site of this factory is one of the most eligible in the State for hydiaulic purposes. The" Watertown Cotton-Mills Company," with SI00,000 capit;il, was formed January 10, 1834, Isaac II. Bronson, Jason Fairbanks, Samuel F. Bates, John Sigourney, and Joseph Kimball as tnistecs. This as.socialion continued sev- eral years, and was replaced by the " Watertown Cotton Company," with a capital of 812,000, formed January 7, 1846, with E. P. Tliroop Martin, Daniel Lee, S. Newton Dexter, 11. Holcomb, and John Collins trustees. The company occupied the building already mentioned, con- structed in 1814, and ran fifty looms with ])roportionate machinery. The " Hamilton Woolen- Jlills Company" was formed February 10, 1835, with a capital of 850,000, by Henry D. Sewall, George Goulding, John C. Lashar, Simeon Boynton, and John Goulding. On the 10th of March following the capital of the company was increased to 8100,000, under the name of the Hamilton .Manufacturing Companj". Mr. Sewall built a dam and factory, and the latter went into operation in the spring of 1836. It was designed for five sets of cards, with the necessary ma- chinery. In May, 1842, this mill was bought by the j " Black River Woolen Company," which had been formed November 7, 1836, with a capital of 850,000, the trustees 148 HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. being I. H. Broiisnn, S. N. Dexter, 0. Huiigerford, John Williams, Hiram Ilolcomb, and Daniel Lee. This com- pany also erected a factory, which, after several years' suc- cessful operation, was destroyed in 1841. The mill was afterwaids repaired and put in operation by Loomis & Co., employing seventy hands. The " Waterlown Woolen Company" was formed Feb- ruary 4, 1834, with §100,000 capital, with I. H. Bronson, John A. Rodgers, John Williams, S. Newton Dexter, and H. Holcomb as trustees. The " Watertown Woolen Manulacturing Company" was formed December 24, 1835, with J. Williams, I. II. Bron- son, H. Holcomb, D. Lee, and Silas Claik as trustees, and a capital of $25,000. The two last-named companies existed a few years, but no record exists of what was accomplished. The " Williams Woolen Company" was formed November 7, 1S3G, with a capital of $10,000, and was in operation many years. I. H. Bronson, S. N. Dexter, J. AVilliams, n. Holcomb, and Charles Weber were the promoters of the organization. The premises were changed to a tannery. The first tannery on an extensive scale was built by Jason Fairbanks, in 1823. It was afterwards burned, and rebuilt in 1833. Two other large tanneries were built before the year 1827. The first machine-shop for the manufacture of iron into castings and machinery was built by N. Wiley, in 1820, and the first foundry by R. Bingham. In 1823, George Goulding commenced the manufacture of iron, and in 1825 William Smith engaged in the same pursuit. The former was engaged on Norton's (now Sew- all'sj island in making mill-gearings, factory machinery, and to a less extent steam-engines. Afterwards, for many years, the firm existed its Goulding, Bagley & Sewall, and the business is now continued by the last two gentlemen. Their flourisiiing foundry is described elsewhere. Mr. Smith was heavily engaged in manufacturing mill-gearings and cast- ings, stoves, hollow-ware, and agricultural implements, on Boebee's island. The site of his first foundry is now occu- pied by Gildcroy Lord for a similar pur])iise, and does a large bu.siness. Smith's second foundry is still standing at the western end of the island. In 1841, Cooper & Woodruff built on the north side of the river, opposite Beebec's island, a foundry and machine- shop, and manufactured factory machinery, mill-irons, and steam-engines, afterwards turning their attention to the hnilding of railroad cars. Tliese extensive works were liurncd July 22, 1853, occasioning a severe loss to the pro- prietors and the public at large. PRESENT MANUFACTURES. The Watertown Spring Wagon Company s Mamifactort/ is located in the Winslow Industrial Building on Factory square. The building, which is the largest and best ap- pointed in this si^ction of the State, was erected in 1870 by Hon. N. Win.slow, and was for several years occupied by the Davis Sewing-Machine Co. The building is 283 by 55 feet, four stories high, and built of brick. The black- smith-shop is located at the left of tlic main building. The company was organized in December, 1875, with a cajiital of 875,000. The establishment now employs 100 men, and expects to turn out during the present year about 2500 spring wagons, which find a ready sale in all parts of the country. They are made of the most durable material, and their good reputation is based on their lightness and strength. The manufactory is situated uear the shore of Black river, commanding a fine water-power, — over 200 horse. The industry is a credit to the city, and will be- come one of its most successful institiitions. The people of Watertown were called upon to decide in April, 1876, whether this company should leave the city or remain in it. They showed their good .sense and appreciation of a real benefit by promptly taking the amount of stock required to retain it, and the company is on a sound basis. Mayor Levi H. Brown is president; A. Palmer Smith, vice-presi- dent ; and Jerome Bushnell, secretary and treasurer. The directors are Hon. A. C. Beach, Hon. N. Winslow, W. G. Williams, E. M. Gates, C. A. Clark, R. Marcy, G. L. Davis, and tlie ofScers first named. R. C. Morse, superin- tendent. The Davis Seicing- Machine Cumpunj/'s manufactory is very eligibly situated on Sewall's Island, near the finest water-power on the river. The company was organized in 18G8, with a capital of 8150,000, which has since been increased to $500,000. It formerly occupied the building on Factory square now used by the Watertown Spring Wagon Company. In 1875 the company erected a build- ing of its own, which it now occupies. The main building is two .stories with attic, and is 175 by 40 feet; the wing is of the same height, 40 by 30 feet ; the office is one story, 50 by 30 feet ; all the buildings being of brick. The com- pany manufactured in 1875 §300,000 worth of machines, all of which found ready sale. The number of employees is 175. The assets of the company are about 81,000,000. No royalty is now paid on the machines. The company has branch offices in Boston, Philadelphia, Chicago, Mil- waukee, San Francisco, Erie, Pennsylvania, Ravenna, Ohio, and other points, and was thoroughly represented at the Centennial exhibition of 187G with some of the finest machines in the world. The machines have an excellent - reputation for simplicity and utility. The present officers are as follows: Hon. Willard Ives, president ; Hon. George A. Bagley, vice-president ; Levi A. Johnson, secretary and treasurer. Directors, C. D. Wright, 11. W. Eddy, G. Lord, R. Van Namee, H. M. Stevens, A. H. Sawyer, J. F. Mof- fett, J. M. Carpenter, G. B. Massey, and G. H. Sherman. The Watertown Steam-Engine Company originated in 1850 by Messrs. Hoard & Bradford, who were prior to that time in the employ of Z. Goulding & Co., among the pioneers in foundry machinists' business in Watertown, the former as book-keeper, the latter as manager. The nucleus around which the present extensive establishment developed was a small rented shop, where Messrs. Hoard & Bradford manufactured a few portable engines for general mechanical use, and of Mr. Bradford's invention. At fii-st quite a prejudice existed against these engines, and they were stig- matized as " death-warrant.s," and other derogatory epithets were applied to them, significant of insecurity. To over- come this they put up one of the engines in the newspaper office of John A. Haddock, wlio had been induced to pur- chiisc a Napier press. He had taught a little girl to feed ji/II^S. J.T.GOTHAM. ' C-tHOROH.FHOroCRAFH€R, J W4TSPT0VW*, H. Y. J. T. GOTHAM. I^EsiDENCE of JENE.RY T. GOTH AM, STATE ST. WATE/fTOWf/, N. Y. ^^^ i, ■'. iSi J> .T *■ ti TAGGARTS & DAV/S' PAPC/? MfLLi, ra/>fvu/. >l^ ■ ^^B-^^^. ■ ^.^.^^..^.^J,■^^H^^uaf;^^^^ irj Of Manila °AP£ff, /Vtn'5 Paper. 8l°aplr Flour Saci'.s 10 V/ N, N. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 149 the press, and Mr. Bradford had initiated a small boy into the iu3'steries of rutiiiin^ the engine. It so happened that soon after the engine had been put up Horace Greelej' came to Watertown to lecture. While dressing himself on the morning following his arrival in town, he glanced across the street and saw in flaming chai-acters on an immense board, "John A. IlADnocK, Steam -Power Press." He straightway proceeded to the office. It being early in the morning, the only persons there were the juvenile engineer and the youthful feeder. The former just had his hand on the throttle as the great journalist opitned the door. That he was surprised to see papers being struck off as fast as could be done with his ponderous machinery in New York, and that, too, by a boy and girl, is shown by his letter to the Tribune, oC July 13, 1850: "The Ite-st thinj^ I saw in "Watertown was the turnout of two thou- sand people on a wiUl, stormy night to hear a dry talk on teniperanco. The next liest was a new portable -steam-engine, invented and manu- factured there Ijy Messrs. Hoard A Bradford. The two-horse engine I e.Kaniincd was running a Napier power-press briskly, while burn- ing as mueh fuel as a common kitchen range. Certainly, a ton of pea coal would suffice to run it a fortnight, day and night. The time must be at hand when every thrifty farmer, with nearly every mo- ehnnie, will have such an engine of his own, and chopping straw, turning grindstone, cutting wood, churning, threshing, etc., will have ceased to be a manual and become a mechanical operation. " Printing (press-work) by hand must rapidly disappear before the approach of this engine, which will bo running on wheels and driving a scythe before it, or drawing a plow behind it, within five years. Wo have hardly begun to use steam yet." On the 1st of January, lS.")l,the firm moved into works that occupied the ])re.sent site, and two years thereafter BIr. Bradford retired, leaving Mr. Hoard .sole proprietor. The latter conducted the business successfully up to the coui- mencement of the war, when he procured a contract from the government for a large number of guns, and converted the engine- works into a gun-manufactory. In 18G5 the present company was formed, under tlie title of " The Portable Steam-Eugine and Manufacturing Company,' with a capital of S40,IK)0. On the 11th of January, 1872, the title vv:is changed as at present, and the capital increased to 8100,000. June 17, 1873, the capital was increased to 8iOO,000. The company turns out about four hun- dred engines annually. It employs one hundred men ; uses annually 1000 tons of cast and wrought iron, a large portion of the ca.st iron being of that ])rodueed in this vicinity. The sales reach nearly every State in the Union, the Canadian Provinces, Cuba, and South America. The present officers are Charles A. Sherman, president; John C. Knowlton, vice-president ; S. F. Bagg, secretary ; Charles A. Sherman, Gilbert Bradford, Talcott H. Camp, Lsaae P. Powers, John C. Knowlton, llichard E. Hunger- ford, and D. W. Baldwin, directors. PAPER-MILLS. Taggarts & Davis' Paper and Paper-Bag Manufactory is located at the present time in the Angell buildings, at the lower dam. The building wa.s erected by sections, in 1843- 45, by Wm. H. Angell, at a cost of §100,000, it is said, and used for several 3'ears fur milling and distilling purposes. Mr. B. B. Taggart & A. H. Hall commenced the manufac- ture of p.iper bags on Beebee's island, in 18G4, producing about 2000 bags per day. In the spring of 1860, the firm of West, Palmer & Taggarts (W. W. and B. B. Taggart) bought the two lower sections of the Angell property, and put in machinery for making manilla paper, with a capacity of one and a half tons per day. In the fall of 18GG, the other three sections of the mill were burned out, and the firm, then West & Taggarts, in 18t37, bought the walls of the building, and refitted them with four new engines, and a Fourdrinier paper-machine, and commenced the manufac- ture of print, in addition to manilla paper. The firm changed again in 1870, West selling out his interest to 0. R. Davis. The buildings, a view of which is shown else- where in this work, are of stone, except the wood-pidp mill, which is of wood. The main building is 2ll0 by 75 feet, three stories, the west wing 75 by 40 feet, two stories, and the wood-pulp mill 30 by 50 feet, two stories. A frame store-house adjoins the works 120 by 30 feet. A railroad track 2000 feet long connects the establishment with the R., W. & O. 11. R., running from Watertown to Cape Vin- cent, making the handling of supplies and products a com- paratively easy matter. The present equipment of the establishment is most complete. Thirteen turbine water- wheels furnish the motive power ; 5 of which are Leffel's, of 100 horse-power each, the other eight wheels ranging from 30 to 50 horse-power. In the paper-mill proper there are a rotary boiler for cleansing the rope 24 feet long and 7 feet diameter, weighing 30,000 pounds; ten stone drain- ers, 15 by 18 feet; eight engines, two of them Jordan's; one double cylinder, and one Fourdrinier paper-machine ; two wood-pulp machines, — Volter's patent, capacity one ton per day of dry pulp ; a steam-boiler, for drying purposes, 22 feet long, 5 feet diameter, with 100 tubes. The wood- pulp grinders are of 100 horse-power, the stones making 200 revolutions per minute. In the flour-sack manufac- tory two tubing machines are used, having a capacity of 75,000 sacks per day, but which are run but half the time. Three printing-pres.ses are used to print the brand on the sack, — one Potter and two Babeock cylinders. The estab- lishment employs 20 girls who fold the bottoms of the sacks, and do it very expertly too. The whole number of em- ployees is 75. About three tons of news and two tons of manilla paper are turned out each day, — -the former, at the present time, all going to the New York Tribune, which is about one-half of the daily consumption of white paper of that great journal. Twenty thou.saiid flour-saeks arc also turned out complete and ready for shipment in bales of 1000 each. The white paper is shipped in rolls of about 1000 pounds weight, the sheet me;isuring 47 inches wide and five miles long, and contains 40 per cent, of wood and 60 per cent, of rags. An artesian well, 163 feet deep in the solid roek, supplies the engines with pure water, which is pumped therein by a Watertown pump, a No. 3 Barber. Iron-clad doors close everj' opening in the partition walls, which latter are of stone, two feet thick, and also cover every gangway and stairway in the building, and which doors, by a simple contrivance, regulated on the first floor, shut of themselves. Messrs. Taggarts & Davis buy their raw material from all parts of the country, — the rope coming jirineipally from the west, and the rags from New York.' 150 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. A fire which broke out December 24, 1876, burned out the cast section, starting in the machine-shop, which i.s run in cdnncctioii with tho mill, and stopped the work for two weeks only, the enertry of the proprietors repairing all dam- ages in tliat time. The business of this establishment ag- gregates 8300,000 per annum. They have an inexhaustible water supply, the same being estimated at 3000 hI. Woodruff, 1845-54; R. Lansing, 1855-56; H. Camp, 1857-77. The cashiei-s have been, James Wood, 181()-20; 0. Hun- gcrford, 1824-33; 0. V. Brainard, 1833-66; Myers Thompson, 1866-71 ; S. T. Wcjolworth, 1871-77. During the long period of time while Mr. Hungcrford and Mr. Brainard were the cashiers, they were the able chief finan- cial officers. Since 1857 T. H. Camp has occupied that position. The present directors are T. II. Camp, R. Lansing, P. Mundy, W. C. Pierrepont, J. C. Sterling, A. M. Farwell, Levi II. Brown, 11. E. Hungcrford, L. A. Johnson, G. R. Massey, and J. C. Kuowltun. Robert Lansing is now the director longest in office, and has been prominent as vice- president, having given considerable attention to the bank, although he declined to continue as its chief officer. The last quarterly .statement, published October 1, 1877, gives the following exhibit : hians and discounts, 8408,048.68 ; capital stock, surplus, and undivided profits, §207,009.91 ; circulation, 886,370; deposits, §291,991.88. A public meeting was held at Watertown, November 27, 1832, at which strong resolutions were passed in favor of the formation of a now bank, and a committee, consisting of J. Fairbanks, N. M. Woodruff, L. Paddock, E. Ten Eyck, John Fay, L. Beebee, J. Sigourney, William Ruger, and L. G. Hoyt, were appointed to draft a petition for a charter for an institution to be called the " Watertown Bank." The measure failed of accomplishment, and a second bank was not established in Watertown until after the passage of the general banking law in 183S. THE B.\.Nlv OP W.VTEllTOWN. A meeting of citizens of the county was held in De- cember, 1838, for the purpose of organizing a bank under the general law. O. Hungcrford, L. Paddock, N. M. Woodruff, W. H. Angel, and II. I). Sewall, were appointed to arrange the articles of association. The Bank of ^Vate^- town was accordingl}- formed, commencing operations Jan- uary 26, 1839, with §100,000 capital, the first president being L. Paddock, and the first cashier W. H. Angel. The presidents were L. Paddock, Willard Ives, John L. Goldsmid, T. C. Chittenden, and W. H. Angel. The latter succeeded to the principal ownership of the bank, the capital of which was about §50,000. It closed up its business alter the commencement of the War of the Rebellion, under the laws of the State. TUE NATIUN.VL HANK AND LOA.N COMPANY Wiis organized as a State bank by George C. Sherman, Jan- uary 20, 1839, under the name of the Watertown Bank and Loan Company, with a capital of 8100,000. ^Ir. Sherman also organized in January, 1S49, the Merchants' Exchange Bank, but soon atk'r merged it in the fir.st-iiauied institution. The State bank was reorganized August 8, 1805, under the national banking law, with its present name, with George II. Slu;rnian, president ; Charles A. Sherman, vice-president ; and N. P. Wardwell, ea.>liier, with a capital 154 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. of 875,000. The officers remain unchanged at this writing. In 1853 the lianic erected the elegant banking-house on the corner of Washington and Stone streets, which it still oc- cupies. This bank has remained in the family of George C. Sherman since its first organization, the sons succeeding to it as a portion of their patrimony, and conducting it with the efficient management of its founder. The last published statement of the bank shows its capital and sur- plus and undivided profits to have been, on the first day of October, 1877, S95,370.(J3; its circulation, $56,200 ; its deposiU!, 8175,316.05; its loans and discounts, §199,285.17, and its real estate, etc., was valued at 822,130.50. THE BL.\CK RIVER B.iNK was opened May 25, 1844, with a capital of 8100,000, of which Loveland Paddock owned nine-tenths, the remainder being held by Oscar and Edwin L. Paddock. It continued to transact buiiniss until 1868, when it went into voluntary liquidation, and closed up its business. THE NATIONAL UNION BANK of Watertown was organized as a State bank under the name of the '■ Union Bank," June 10, 1852, with the fol- lowing incorporators and stockholders : Henry Keep, George S. Goodalc, A. M. Woodruff, Walter N. Woodruff, Abner Raker, who subscribed 82000 and upwards to the capital stock of 8100,000; Washington Genet, Orrin C. Utley, Loveland Paddock, Daniel Lee, J. H. Dutton, E. Q. Sewell, who subscribed 81000 each; W. K. Hawks, John White, and John C. Sterling. The first election was held August 3, 1853, at which a board of thirteen directors were chosen, who, at their first meeting, elected Henry Keep president, W. K. Hawkes vice-president, and George S. Goodale cashier. On August 16, 1853, W. K. Hawks was elected president, and was succeeded by Abner Baker, August 7, 1855, John White being elected vice-president at the .same time. August 4, 1856, S. B. Upham was chosen ca.shier, and has served in that position ever since. On October 4, 1858, Merrill Co- burn was elected president, and James K. Bates vice-presi- dent. August 8, 18G5, the State bank was reorganized under the national banking law, with its present name, and the same officers as last named. Since that date the offi- cers have been as follows : Presidents, 1865 to July 9, 18G9, .Merrill Coburn ; July 9, 1869, to January, 1877, Alanson Skinner; January 9, 1877, to present time, Gildc- roy Lord. A'icc-Prtsidents, 1865 to 1873, James K. Bates ; January 14, 1873, to January 9, 1877, Gilderoy Lord; January 9, 1877, to present time, John A. Sherman. Cashier, 1856-1877, Samuel B. Upham. The last pub- lished statement of the "National Union," dated October 1, 1877, gives the following exhibit: Loans and discounts, 8330,276.88; real estate, etc., 832,291.83 ; capital stock, surplus, and undivided profits, 8193,821.70; circulation, 894,500 ; deposits, 8258,446.39. THE JEFFERSON COUNTY .SAVINGS BANK w;ls incorporated April 5, 1859, with twenty-two trustees named in the act, thirteen of whom met some time before the l.st of July rolli>wing and elected permanent officers, as follows : James I. Steele, president ; Fred. Emerson, vice- president ; John L. Marsh, secretary and treasurer ; Lafay- ette J. Bigelow, Peter Ilaas, and Merritt Andrus, loan com- mittee. The trustees adopted a code of by-laws, and limited deposits to a minimum of twenty-five cents, none less than one dollar to draw interest, the latter being established at five per cent. In 1861 there was a general reorganiza- tion, and a new board of trustees was elected, who elected new officers, except vice-president. The deposits at the date of the last published report in July, 1877, amounted to 8423,822.55, and the loans and discounts to 8392,666.99. The officers of the bank have been as follows : Presidents, 1859-61, James I. Steele; 1861-77, A. M. Farwell. Vice-President, 1859 to present time, 1877, Fred Emerson. Secretaries, 1859, John L. Marsh; 1860, Reuben Treat; 1861, Henry W. Hubbard; 1861-77, George H. Sher- man. Treasurers, 1859, John L. ^larsh ; 1860, Reuben Treat; 1860, Henry W. Hubbard; 1861-77, Charles N. Ely. Present board of Trustees, Robert Lansing, A. M. Farwell, Gilbert Bradford, S. B. Upham, John L. Baker, W. Hubbard, George H. Sherman, Fred. Emerson, D. B. Baldwin, R. E. Hungerford, George B. Phelps. THE FIRST NATIONAL BANK was the first bank organized under the n.itional banking- law in Jefferson Count}', and among the first in the State, being No. 73, there being at the present time over two thousand. It was organized June 8, 1863, the banking- law being passed in February, 1863. The founders of this bank were Loveland Paddock and his sons Oscar and Edwin L. Paddock, the senior Paddock being its president from the organization of the same until his death, when he was succeeded by Edwin L. Paddock, who Wiis previously the vice-president. Oscar Paddock was the cashier from the organization until the elevation of Oscar L. to the presi- dency, when he (Oscar) was made vice-president, and George L. Woodruff was chosen cashier, and still remains at his post. Frank Smith is at present assistant cashier. The last published st^itement, dated October 1, 1877, makes the following exhibit: Loaiis and discounts, 883,409.99 ; capital, surplus, and undivided profits, 8180,437.14; circu- lation, 886,700; deposits, 850,861.38. merchants' BANK. The above-named institution was first opened in 1865 by Hon. Norris Winslow, as an individual banker. The first cashier was John F. Lawrence, who held the office for about a year, when he was succeeded by John F. Moffett. This bank did a flourishing and prosperous business for the ensuing five years, when it was organized as a banking institution, under the State laws, with the same title, on April 1, 1870, with the following incorporators and stock- holders : Willard Ives, S. Pool, Henry W. Eddy, Andrew Smith, John Johnston, George B. Phelps, George W. Wig- gins, G. W. Candee, Norris Winslow, Judah Lord, Curtis Goulding, Jerome Ives, L. C. Greenleaf, Lotus Ingalls, John F. Moffett, Sidney Coojier, and John M. Carpenter, with a paid-up capital of 8150,000. The first election was held April 4, 1870, at which a board of nine directors was chosen, viz. : Norris Winslow, Willard Ives, Henry W. Eddy, Andrew Smith, Sidney Cooper, George B. Phelps, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 155 S. Pool, John M. Carpenter, ami John F. Moffott, who, at their first meeting, elected the t'ullowiiig officers: Norris Winslow, president ; Willard Ives, vice-president ; and John F. ^loffott, cashier. The capital stock was increased .May 20, 1872, by a unanimous vote of the directors, from 8150,000 to $300,000. This was owing chiefly to the largely-increas- ing business caused by the confidence of the community in the management of the institution. Mr. 'NVin.slow held the position of president until October 12, 1874, when he was succeeded by lion. Willard Ives, who has since served in that capacity. The vacancy caused in the vice-presidency by Mr. Ives' accession to the presidency has been very ably filled by Silvanus Pool since that time. 'Mr. John F. Mof- fctt has been the cashier from the formation of the bank up to the present time. The present board of directors arc as follows : Wil- lard Ives, Silvanus Pool, Henry W. Eddy, John M. Carpenter, Isaac A. Graves, I. L. Hunt, Jr., Henry 0. Kenyon, Jerome Ives, J. F. Moflett. The last published statement, dated September 22, 1877, gives the following exhibit : Loans and discounts, S5S7,!)82.74 ; real estate, 828,(552.25 ; capital, §300,000 ; surplus and individual profits, 831,926.93; deposits, $409,530.97. INDIVIDUAL B.VNKS. Woostcr Sherman's Bntih% Waterlown, opened January 8, 1842, and now discontinued. Henry Kei-p's Bunk, Watertown, opened September 28, 1847, discontinued. Mccliani'cs' yia»/i-, AVatertown, by Henry Keep, begun Sep- tember 17, 1851, had no office for discount and deposit. Capital 820,000, and now discontinued. Citizens' Bank, es- tablished by Keep at Watertown, August 1, 1850, afterwards removed to Ogdensburgh, and in August, 1852, at Fiiltun, Oswego county. Frontier Bank, established by Keep at Watertown, removed, in the spring of 1851, to Pot.sdam. The total banking capital of the present, employed in the city, aggregates the sum of $1,009,406 ; the deposits foot up the hand.some sum of 81,609,969.82; while the loans and di.scount.s on the same date (October 1, 1877) amounted to 82,001,670.45. INSURANCE. Watertown capitalists have invested largely in the forma- tion of insurance companies, and have realized handsome profits from the investments made. The companies now existing here have all been sueeossful and prosperous, and have an excellent rei)utation at home and abroad. TllK .IKFFEUSON COt:NTY MUTl'AL I.N.SURANCE COMPANY was formed by a special act, March 8, 1836, by which Al- pheus S. Greene, Jasany to take risks exclusively upon i'arm property. At that meeting the following gentlemen were named as a board of corporators, viz. : Aldcn Adams, Ira A. Smith, Harri.son Blodgett, John C. Cooper, Gideon S. Sacket, Isaac Munson, Evelyn F. Carter, Jcseph Fayel, Lovcland Paddeck, Wolcott Steele, Wm. P. Babcoek, Ashley Davenport, Ira Beaman. Hiram Dewey and Levi Miller. At a sub.se(|uent meeting Alden Adams was elected president; Isaac Mun.^on, vice-presi- dent; U. A. Wright, secretary; and E. B. Fowler, general agent. There was much delay in perfecting its organization, which was finally completed, mainly through the persistent energy of E. B. Fowler, who was the real founder of the Mutual company, in March, 1853. From this time until May, 1S55, the company issued only about fifteen hundred policies. In January, 1855, John C. Cooper was elected president, in place of Alden Adams, and by special act of the legislature the office was changed from the village of Evans' Mills to the village of Watertown ; and on May 3, of that year, Lsaac Munson was elected secretary in place of U. A. Wright. After the removal of the office to Watertown the busiuess began gradually to increase, and the company to prosper, ])erha|)S beyond any other mutual insurance company in the State, and continued to do so until 1802, when, in consequence of the failure of the greater uuuiber of the mutual companies in this State, and the closing up of their business by collecting and prosecuting their premium-notes, it became extremely difficult, where the company was not well known, to obtaiu premium-notes sufficient to keep the capital of the company intact. At a meeting of the directors a proposition was made to change from a mutual to a stock company. This requiring the con.seut of two-thirds of its policy-holders, it was deemed best to defer the change for one year. In the mean time, the recjuired number of policy-holdcre having signed a petition, the change was effected January 9, 1803. During its existence as a mutual, the Agricultural paid all its losses promptly, never taxed its premium-notes, and accumulated in ten years a surplus to the amount of 845,572. Having over ■? 10,000,000 at risk, the superin- tendent of the insurance department decided that this fund could not be divided, but must be held sacred to carry out the risks in force, while the capital paid in by the stock- holders must be security for future policy-holders. Afler this decision every effort was made by the directors to in- duce the old policy-holders to take the new stock, so that the ownership might not change, but with a preference to them of over sixty days in which to take the stock. But advertising and the personal effort of the officers were of little avail, so that less than one-third of the stock was taken by the old policy-holders, and the company com- menced its new career under the old officers, but to a large extent with new owners. The following increase each year in the number of policies issued will show the energy with which the business was conducted, and the popularity of the company : 156 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Tear. No. Policies. Year. No. Policie 1853 888 1861 3/A\ 1854 (W9 1862 .... 3,874 1855 1106 1863 .... 4.210 1856 1440 1864 .... 9,l:tO 1857 1724 1865.... 14,671 185S 2US9 18(Hi 18,377 1859 -iXA 186; .... 23,S)5 ISfiO :il2.i 1868 25,040 Year. No. Policies. 1869 26,9U1I 1870 :i,V>"0 1871 41..'>80 1872 48,395 1873 59,837 1874 40,9.^9 1875 43,837 1876 41,002 Total policies issued '. 460,093 This couipaiiy has now been in existence a quarter of a century, has during that time paid S2,325,150 for losses, . has always mot them j>romptly, and has accumulated cash assets to the amount of about §1,100,000. It has erected for itself the finest marble-front office in northcru New York, in which it is still prosecuting its business with its wonted caution and success. Not only have the.se results been obtained by this company, but out of its prosperity — or in consequence of it — has grown up in this city a large insurance interest. The Wateitown Fire Insurance Com- pany was really an outgrowth of the Agricultural, and the success of these two companies induced the organization of others, until there are now over 82,500,000 invested in this enterprise in this city. What is a little remarkable in the history of this company is the fact that sis of the original fifteen corporators are now living, and the present vice-president, secretaiy, and general agent are among the number. They have been for twenty-five years and still are actively engaged in furthering the interests of the com- pany, with a view of placing it upon a basis of safety and solidity, that it may remain a monument to their zeal and energy, and continue an honor to the county, and one of its permanent institutions, long after their labors in its behalf •shall have ended. John C. Cooper, Esq., whose watchful care over the interests of the company as its president for twenty-two years was unceasing, died in January, 1877, and the vacancy was filled by the election of John A. Sherman, the former vice-president. No less to be mentioned for energetic effort and efficient management, and one who has done more to enlarge the busi- ness of the company than any other person, is its present secretary, I.saac Munson, who has given his life-work for the good of the company, and who will be honored and remembered as one of its mo.«t useful members. Favorable mention might also be made of the present general agent, Hiram Dewey, and othcre, who have been most able financiers and managers. TIIK WATERTOW.N FIIIE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized December 7, 18G7, in less than seven week.s from the date of the first proposition to incor|)orate a company to do exclusively a dwelling-house business. The corporators were men of experience in the insurance business, and to such an extent did they command public confidence that the capital was all subscribed in twenty-four hours after the books were opened for subscription to the full amount proposed in the charter, to wit, 8100,000. It commenced its business cautiously in a comparatively circumscribed locality, and kept extending its lines :is the confidence of both stockholders and policy-holdere seemed to demand, until its business luus attained large proportions fur a comjiany confining its business to a specialty on dwellings and contents. In less than ten years this com- pany has grown from 8100,000 to about 8750,000, steadily growing in the confidence of its patrons. The following table will .show its steady uniform increase : Policie.s I.sitod. A^iseta. ] Policies Issued. Assets. During Drc. 1867 139 8101,234.21 I During 1872 23,892 S4;i8,890.54 1868 3.961 124,084.66 '• 187.1 :M,9I2 55|-,,84il.90 " 1869 5,S81 148,.'>31.47 " 1871 36,4(H) 018,941.51 " 1870 7,717 171.753 98 " 1875 36,890 694,07"i.63 " 1871 15,016 333,693.13 | " 1876 36,9:10 725,819.08 At the first election of officers Hon. Norris Winslow was elected president, Jesse M. Adams secretary, and Henry S. Munson general agent. Mr. Winslow resigned his position as president in 1870, and Hon. Willard Ives was elected to fill the vacancy. Chiis. II. Waite was elected general agent iu 18G8 and still retains his position, as also does Mr. Adams, who have carefully watched over its in- terests, iissisted for the hist few years by U. S. Gilbert, the vice-president. The business of the company has ever been strictly con- fined to private residences and their contents, although the charter was changed the present year to give a little more latitude in regard to its risks, but no change to any extent has been made nor any contemplated. The organization of this eumjiany has been one of the fortunate enterprises of Watertowu, as proved by its success. Not only has it at- tained this steady uniform growth until it has become the largest moneyed corporation in the city, with one exception, but it has every year made liberal dividends to its stock- holders, and loaned nearly $500,000 upon bond and mort- gage in the county. It has received nearly 82,000,000 fur premiums and paid nearly 81,' '00, 000 for losses, and no one month's losses have ever yet exceeded its premium re- ceipts. Its prospect is such that all may well be proud of it, and abroad, as well as at home, it reflects a credit upon the euterpri.ses of Jefferson County. Its present directors are Hon. Willard Ives, Isaac JIunsun, Hiram Dewey, John A. Sherman, J. M. Caiitield, II. M. Stevens, E. F. Carter, J. R. Stebbins, U. S. Gilbert, F. H. Munson, C. H. Waite, J. JI. Adams. NOKTIIERN INSURANCE COMPANY OP NEW YORK. This company was organized as the '• Black River In- surance Company," in March, 1872, and is the only Watertown company transacting a commercial business. It is not confined to dwellings and farm property, but insures .stores, merchandise, inanufactuiing establishments, mills, etc. The company was organized after the Chicago fire of October 9, 1871, had made many vacant places in the insurance ranks, and its projectors had naturall}' bright visions of future good. The Boston conflagration in November, 1872, however, found the company scarcely established, and ill prepared to withstand the heavy losses entailed by that disaster. The Black River paid over $80,000 to Boston suflerers, the stockholders voluntarily paying into the funds an amount e<|ual to twenty-five per cent, of the cai>ital stock. The year 1S73 w;is not a suc- cessful one for the Black River, and the stockholders were called upon for an additional subscription of tweut3'-five per cent., which was cheerfnily responded to, and thence- forward the success of the inslilutiun was assured. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 157 Early in 1875 the name of tlie company was changed to its juesent one, as it was found, after due trial, that the original title, tlunigh locally pojiuiar, was provocative of unfriendly criticism and diAtrust among distant communi- ties where agencies were planted. The company is now one of tlic c>tal)li.shed institutions of the county ; is well known and di.scrvcdly popular in all th(3 principal cities from the Atlantic to the Pacific ; its reputation for fair and honorable dealing being second to none. Its assets now reach the respectable figure of almost 8400,01)0, and its net surplus (or undivided profits) over all liabilities is over S.'jO.OOO. The first president of the Black River was Loveland Paddock, and its directoi'S and stockholders comprised most of the leading men of Watertown. Mr. Paddock died during the summer of 1872, and was succeeded in the office by his son George F. Paddock, who remained the president until January, 1875, when he was succeeded by the present popular and enterprising president, Hon. Gilde- roy Lord, to whose unswerving faith and business tact much of the later success of the company is due. The present oflicers and directoi-s are as follows : Gilde- roy Lord, president ; W. W. Taggart, vice-president ; A. H. Wray, secretary. Directors, John L. Baker, Henry M. Ball, C. A. Ilolden, G. W. Knowlton, Jr., Gilderoy Lord, Jose])h Mullen, Josejih ^luUen, Jr., Pearson Mundy, Lsaac P. Powers, George II. Sherman, H. G. P. Spencer, Wm. W. Taggart, B. B. Taggart, Samuel B. Upham, George L. Woodruff, A. H. Wray, all of Watertown ; R. P. Flower and Reuben S. Middleton, of New York City ; A. F. Barker, of Clayton ; and Henry Spicer, of Perch Ilivcr, Jefferson County. THE nO.MESTE.\D FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY. This company was organized in 1873. Its business is confined to farm buildings and property, detached city and village residences, and takes no hazardous risks of any description. While the company is comparatively a new cue, it hits met with a success somewhat remarkable. The report of the companj', January 1, 1877, shows that its assets were §271,865.80, and since 187-1 it has not failed to make its semi-annual dividend. Its present officers are Hon. Allen C. Beach, president, who has filled the position from the organization; John C. Sterling, vice-president; Charles F. Sawyer, secretary ; Myers Thompson, treasurer. THE EMPIRE STATE LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, of Watertown, w;is conceived and projected by John Shel- don, of Watertown, and was incorporated in April, 1869, and commenced issuing policies in June following. The first officers were, James A. Bell, president ; Loveland Pad- dock and Ezra B. Cornell, vice-presidents ; John Sheldon, secretary and treasurer. In January, 1870, George B. Phelps succeeded to the presidency, and continues in that po.sition at the present time. The business of the company was run successfully and economically under the direct management of John Sheldon, secretary and treasurer, and at the end of three years, or July 1, 1872, the assets had reached over $350,000, policies to the number of 6000 having been issued. In August, 1872, the directors re- solved to discontinue business by reason of large losses by death, and the financial depression which was already bur- dening the resources of the country, and entered into an arrangement with the Life Association of America, of St. Louis, Missouri, to assume the carrying out of its policy contracts, and also to reimburse the stockholders. Since that arrangement all the policies have been trans- ferred to the association, or otherwise closed out, leaving the company at this time (October, 1877) with an orgim- ization merely. The company, while running, had a record of which it could well feel proud, and undoubtedly much of its success was owing to the large business exjieriencc of George B. I'helps, president, and of Messrs. T. H. Camp and Isaac Miuison, of the board of directors. A BOARD OF FIRE UNDERWRITERS was organized in 1866, and reorganized in 1872, and is now in operation, with D. 31. Bennett as president, and Charles B. Fowler secretary, the latter having served since its first organization. TRADE. The first merchants to bring a stock of goods to Water- town were John Paddock and William Smith, who brought their wares from Utica in wagons and opened their store in 1805. In March, 1807, seventeen sleighs, laden with goods for tlie.se pioneer tradesmen, were twenty-three days in getting from Oneida county to Watertown by way of Red- field. A census of the village in 1827 gave twenty-eight mercantile establishments of various kinds. The city di- rectory of M. M. Kimball for 1877-8, gives the number of mercantile houses as one hundred and seventy-four. A summary of the business of the present, of the city of Watertown, admits of the following classifications: 1 ac- countant, 5 agricultural-implement dealers, 2 architects, 2 artists, 53 attorneys, 4 bakeries, 6 banks, 10 barbers, 7 blacksmith-shops, 1 blind-hinge manufactory, 3 binderies, 5 book and job printing-offices, 5 dealere in books and stationery, 10 boot- and shoe-dealci-s, 9 boot- and shoe- makers, 3 dealers in bottled lager (wholesale), 1 dealer (wholesale) in bottled soda and ginger ale, 1 brass-foundry, 1 brewery, 1 brick-yard, 2 candle-factories, 5 carpet-dealers, 10 carriage-, sleigh-, and wagon-factories, 1 carriage-reposi- tory, 7 cigar- and tobacco-manufactories, 9 dealers in clothing and gents' furnishing goods, 2 dealers in coal, salt, and cement, 2 dealers in coffins, robes, and plates, 6 confectioners, 2 coopers, 2 dealers in crockery, glass, and china ware, 1 cotton-yarn factory, 7 dentists, 8 dress- and cloak-making establishments, 7 dealers in drugs, medicines, etc., 9 dry- goods houses (1 wholesale), 2 dye-works, 1 vacuum-brake manufactory, 1 express office (American), 1 dealer in fire- and burglar-proof safes, 4 dealers in oysters and fish, 2 florists, 1 flour- and feed-dealer, 1 flour-sack manufactorj-, 5 foundry- and machine-shops, 8 fruit and vegetable garden- ers, 3 furniture-manufacturers, 7 gas-fitting and plumbing establishments, 1 grain-dealer, 6 flouring- and grist-mills, 26 grocery and provision houses, 1 gunsmith, 4 hardware houses, 5 harness and trunk dealers, 4 hat, cap, and fur dealers, 2 dealere in hides and felts, 11 hotels, 1 manu- 158 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. factory of carving-tables, 3 ice doalei-s, 4 insurance com- panies, 10 insurance agents, 1 intelligence office, 10 dealers in jewelry, watches, and clocks, 2 justices of the peace, 4 dealers in ladies' furnishing goods, 1 dealer in ladies' sani- tary goods, 1 lamp-manufactory, 3 laundries, 1 dealer in leather and findings, 1 Limburger cheese dealer, 3 dealers in lime, land-plaster, etc., 5 livery and sale stables, 3 lum- ber-dealers, 1 malt-house, 3 marble-dealers, 12 meat-markets, 1 (firm) dealer in mechanics' tools, 6 merchant tailors, 10 milkmen, 11 niilliners, 2 music and piano houses, 7 music- teachers, 2 news depots, 5 newspaper offices (3 weeklies, 2 dailies), 1 notions and jewelry house, 10 nurses, 10 dealers in ornamental hair-work, 2 niaiiuraeturers of ornamental iron-work, paint-sluips, 4 paper-manufactories, 1 pattern- and mudei-makcr, 1 pawnbroker, 1 pearl-barley mill, 2 pension and claim agents, 3 photograph galleries, 19 phy- sicians, 2 piano-tuners, 4 dealers in picture-frames and chromos, 5 planing-mills and moulding-manufactories, 2 plow-factories, 3 pump-manufactories, 2 pop-corn dealers, 1 post office, 4 restaurants and boarding- and diningsaloons, 2 railroad stations, 2 salt-dealers, 4 sash-, door-, and blind- factories, 1 saw-manufacturer, 2 saw-mills, 1 scrivener, 3 secondhand stores, 1 sewing-machine factory, 2 sewing- machine agents, 2 sextons, 6 dealers in silver and plated ware, 2 electro-platers, 2 shirt-manufactories, 2 soap-facto- ries, 2 dealers iti sportsmen's goods, 2 steam-engine manu- factories, 1 stair-builder, 10 stove dealers, tinsmiths, etc., 4 tanneries, 2 telegraph offices, 2 ticket agencies, 1 tile and sewer-pipe manufactory, 3 dealers in toys and fancy goods, 2 umbrella-re]iairers, 2 undertakers, 1 file-works, 3 wine- and li(|uor-dcalers, 1 wool-carding and cloth-dressing estab- lishment, 1 wood-engraver, 3 wood-yards. The ca[iityl invested in the business enumerated above is approximately as follows: In inanufaclurcs s$1.2S.'i.n00 In tnulc 52,117,000 Iiisuninc-e — ca|iit»l nnii surplus 2..')00.000 Daiikinj! 1.00i),4fiB H:iilr(i:i.l ciipilal in the city f 2:!;i,'.l6I Total §7,145,427 The shipments of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdcns- burgh railroad fnjm the station at Watertown, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1877, aggregated 11,210 tons, of which there wore 1017 tons of butter and cheese, 1356 tons of flour and wheat, and 3499 tons of paper. SIX DECADES I.\ THE 1>0ST-0FPICE OP WATERTOWN. During the administration of President Monroe, from 1S17 to 1S24 inclusive, the Watertown post-office was kept on the corner of Court street and the Public Square, on the site nril 10. It is a bcautil'ul and commodious structure, 63 by 100 feet, and h;is sittings for 1000 persons. A tall, symmetrical spire, surmounted by a gilded cross, springs from a central tower. Tlie frescoing of the main auditorium is singularly chaste and beautiful. A door on either side of the pulpit communicates with a beautiful chapel in the rear, connected with which are parlors, Sunday-school library-room, cloak- room and kitchen for social gatherings. About 816,000 have been expended during the hist few years for various improvements on church and chapel. From an examination of the reports of this church for the last ten years, made annually to the general assembly, it appears that the congi-cgation have expended and contrib- uted for all jHirposes the aggregate sum of $98,356, or an average of $9835 a year. The following is a list of the ruling elders who have served the church from the beginning : William Brown, William Huntington, Jeronimus Van Nest, Horace Hunt, Buckley Steadman, Chauncey D. Morgan, Elias Hagar, F. R. Farwell, Hart .Massey, Theoph. Redfield, Amasa Herrick, Solon Massey, Eli Farwell, J. L. Rice, Henry H. Kellogg, George B. Massey, James Stone, Asaph Hor- 164 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ton, Jol) Sawyer, Jeremiah Holt, Albert P. Brayton, John C. Sterlinsr, II. E. Conger, John C. Kuowlton. The fullowiiig have served the church as trustees from and after the organization of the Watertown Ecclesiastical Society : Jabcz Foster, Oroii Stone, Theopliilus lledfield, Job Sawyer, William Huntington, Israel Symonds,Noah W. Kinniston, laiac H. Bronson, Adriel Ely, Jeremiah Holt, David D. Otis, Abner Baker, Daniel I.*e, William K. Hawkcs, S. B. Upham, John C. Sterling, D. II. Yale, B. F. Hofchkin, David M. Bennett, Fred. Baker, Jolin C. Knowlton, Richard E. Hungerford, W. W. Ilorrick, W. W. Taggart, J. P. Moulton, A. M. Farwell, Hart :Masscy, Thomas Sawyer, Timothy Burr, Orville Hungerford, Dyer Huntington, Eli Farwell. Silas Clark, Lewis B. Sandifdrth, John Safford. 0. V. Brainard, Thomas D. Huntington, Jo- siah W. Baker, Isaac H. Fisk, Talcott H. Camp, Edward S. Massey, Samuel F. Bates, Alexander Campbell, M. H. Merwin, W. V. V. Rosa, George B. 3Iassey, Volney P. Kimball. Levi A. Johnson, Norris Winslow, John Lansing, G. W. Knowlton, Jr., and H. Dean Waite. The Sunday-school of this church was organized in 1821 , and was held in the gallery of the new stone church. It is said to havc'been the first Sunday-school organized north of Utica. The first library was purchased in 1832, at a cost of S30.25. The following gentlemen have acted as superintendents: Timothy G. Seward, John C. Sterling, J. B. Tyler, Horace Hunt, C. P. Leonard, H. Johnson, D. D. Otis, Silas Clark. Alexander Campbell, Oriin Stone, J. L. Rice, M. M. Merrill, Adriel Ely, Elias IIagar,and John C. Knowlton. The present officers of the Sundaj'-school arc as follows : John C. Knowlton, superintendent; T. H. Camp, assistant superintendent ; George B. Massey, secretary and treasurer; A. L. Upham and N. P. Wardwell, librarians. Infant de- partment: Miss Elizabeth A. Clark, teacher; 3Iiss May Johnson, assistant. THE STONE STHEET PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH wa-s formed July 20, 1831, by the Rev. Abel L. Crandall and Geo. S. Boardman, a committee appointed for the pur- pose by the Watertown Presbytery. It consisted at first of thirty-one members, dismissed for that purpose from the First church, and four from the Congregational church. Lewis R. Sandiforth was chosen ruling elder. Pastors : James 11. Boyd, installed September 7, 1832; Marcus Smith, February 10, 1636; Wm. E. Knox, February 14, 1844; and Peter Snyder, June 20, 1848. Their church, at the corner of Factor^' and Mechanic streets, was built in 1831, at a cost of about §5500, of which Mr. Bcebec, pro- prietor of the Jefferson Cotton Mills, contributed about 83000. The pastors and stated supplies have been : 1831, Jede- diah Burchard, S. S. ; 1832, Jas. D. Pickands, S. S. ; 1832- 33, James R. Boyd; 1833-35, L. Hull, S. S. ; 1835-43, Marcus Smith; 1844-18, William E. Knox; 1818-63, Peter Snyder (died December 13,1863); 1864-67, Geo. D. Baker; 1868-70, Chas. C. Wallace; 1870-76, Chas. M. Livingston ; Rev. Samuel A. Iloyt succeeded Mr. Livingston in December, 1876, and is the present pastor. There are at present 278 communicants. The Sunday- scliool has an attendance of over 200 .scholars. The library contains about 550 volumes, many of which are late and Valuable books. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCHES. Arsciinl Street Cknrch. — The territory embraced in the present county of Jefferson was visited by Methodist preachers as early as 1803. At that date the State of New York and the New England States were included within the bounds of " Philadelphia Conference." The State of New York was a part of what was known as '■ Genesee District," and what is now Jefferson County formed a .small part of " Black River Circuit.'' Within this circuit was the little settlement of Watertown. The first Methodist itin- erants who pushed their way into this almost ternt incognita were Barzillia Willy and John Hus.selkus. In 1809 they were succeeded by Griffin Sweet and Asa Cummins. In 1805 " New York Conference" was organized from a part of the Philadelphia Conference, when Jefferson County became a part of it, and formed a portion of Albany district. Sey- mour Ensign was the preacher apiioiutcd on the Black River Circuit ; in 1806, Matthew Vanduzcn and William Vredenburgh ; 1807, Datus Ensign ; 1808, Matthew Van- duzcn, Luther Bishop; 1809, Luther Bi.shop, AVilliam Jewett. In 1810 the Genesee Conference was organized, and made to embrace all northern New York. The district was changed to " Cayuga," and later to " Oneida" District, and Joseph Willis and Chandlej- Lambert were the preach- ers. William Snow, Truman Gillett, 1811 ; Jo.sepli Kin- kead, 1812; Isaac Puffer and G. Stoddard, 1813; Chand- ley Lambert, 1814; Ira Fairhank and James Ilagen, 1815; Goodwin Stoddard, 1816; Joseph Willis, 1817; John Demster, 1818. In 1818 Watertown became a sepa- rate charge, and John Demster was the first stationed preacher; Dana Fox, 1819; Israel Chamborlin (Watertown Station, Black River District), 1820 ; John Demster, 1821-22; Benj. G. Paddock, 1823; Hezokiah Field, 1824 (Le Ray and Watertown); James Brown, John Ereanbrack, Nathaniel Salsbury, 1825 ; N. Salsbury, G. Baker, 1826 ; G. Baker, L. Edgarton, 1827 ; W. W. Run- dell, Azariah Hall, 1828. In 1829 the "Oneida Confer ence" was organized, and Watertown became a station, and John S. Mitchell was its preacher, who continued through 1830 ; N. Salsbury, 1831-32 ; V. JI. Coryell, 1833 ; Squire Chase, 1834; Luther Lee, 1835. In 1836 the "Black River Conference" was organized, embracing northern New York, east of Montgomery county, and N. Salsbury was appointed to Watertown, and continued through 1837; Albert D. Peck, 1838; Squire Chase, 1839-40; William L. Bowdish, 1841; Hiram Mattison, 1842-43; William Wyatt, 1844; Isaac Stone, 1815-46; James Irwin, 1847-18. In 1848 a very extensive rfviwi? occurred in the church, under the labors of James Irwin, resulting in additions amounting to about 300 members. During the .same year a strong colony separated from the old church, and organ- ized what is now the State Street Methodist Episcopal church, — the old church taking the name of " Arsenal Street Methodist Episcopal church." Since that date the appointments have been as follows : Arsenal St. Church. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 165 —1849, George Gary; 1850-51, A. J. Phelps; 1852-53, I. S. Bingham; 1854-55, John B. Footc; 1856, J. W. Armstrong; 1857-58, B. I. Diifeiidorf; 1850-60, W. W. Hunt; lSGl-62, S. Call; 1863-04, J. W. Aiuistron-; 1865-66-67,1. S. Bingham; 1868-69, S. R. Fuller; 1870, I. S. Bingham; 1871-72-7:5, F. Wi.lmor; 1874, J. C. Stewart; 1875-70-77, G. JM. Mead, the prasont pastor. Stitte Street C/iior/i.— 1849-50, E. Arnold; 1851-52, F. H. Stanton; 1853-54, James Erwin ;* 1855-50, L. D. White; 1857-58, W. S. Titus; 1859-60, B. S. Wright; 1861, W. S. Tisdale; 1862, H. F. Spencer; 1863-64, O. C. Cole; 1865, J. D. Adams; 1806-67, T. Rithey ; 1808-09, W. D. Cha-so; 1870-71-72, M. D. Kinney; 1873-74, T. Cooper; 1875-76, M. G. Bullock; 1877, S- Call, the present incumbent. The original society of the old church was organized Nov. 27, 1821, with Jonathan Cowen, Titus Ives, John Collins, Thomas Potter, and Henry H. Cofteen, trustees. On December 9, 1822, and December 30, 1824, it was re- organized, and subse<|ucnlly erected on Arsenal street a stone church, since taken down. The present church was erected in 1851. The elegant building of the State street society (formed Jan. 29, 1849) was erected the same year. The first trustees of the State street society were Thomas Baker, A. J. Peck, H. Scovill, S. K. Carter, A. Cook, George Porter, Edmond Davis, J. M. Sigourncy, and I. Huckins. The present number of conimunieants in the Arsenal Street church, including probationers, is 397. Officers and teachers in the Sunday-school, 50 ; .scholars, 250 ; volumes in library, 250 ; communicant.s, State Street church, 324 ; officers and teachers, Sunday-school, 30 ; scholars, 100 ; volumes in library, 300. THE FIRST B.VPTI.ST CIIUIICH OF WATERTOWN. This church wxs organized by a council representing the Baptist churches in tlie Black River Baptist Association, convened in the village of Watertown, May 29, 1823. They met in a school-house on the north side of Factory street. Rev. Norman Gitcau was pxstor. At its organiza- tion the church numbered seventeen. In 1828 they built a small wooden church edifice on the south side of Factory street, which, in 1837, was sold to the Catholics, and is now known as '• The French Catholic Church." During the same year the church built another house of worship on the corner of State and Mill streets, and dedieated it Jan- uary 10, 1838. This structure was burned March 8, 1846. In the same year the present edifice was erected, and dedi- cated January 7, 1847. In 1872 over 85001) were ex- pended in miideniizing and beautilying. The building is 80 by 45. The chapel is 30 by 42. The church seats over 500, and the chapel about 200. The membership of the church is 315; that of the Sunday-school is 250. The present value of the church property is $20,000. The following-named ministers have served the church as pastors, viz.: Norman Gitcau, Soth Smalley, Jacob Knapp, John Miller, Charles Clark, L. T. Ford, W. I. Crane, J. A. Nash, J. S. Holme, H. A. Smith, I. Butter- field, C. N. Chandler, L. J. .Alatteson, John Peddie, L. M. S. Haynes, and James W. Putnam, present pastor. » .\5 s].ulk-il 1..V I'lf.sidin;; KMlt. Theoffieersof the church are: Clerk, John G. Harbottlc; Deacons, John G. Harbottlc, Samuel Wilson, G. Cook, R. Thornton, John Frost, and H. E. I'arson ; Treasurer, C. A. Waterman ; Trustcas, John G. Harbottlc, Dexter Wilder, C. A. Waterman, H. E. Parson, and Dr. C. M. Johnson. At the prese?it time the church is thronged with atten- tive hearers, and in every way is meeting with the greatest success. TUINITV EPI.SCOP.VL ClILRCII. The first Eijiscopal service was jjcrfornicd in the town of Watertown early in 1812, at the old school-house, on the site of the present IJniversalist church, by the Rev. Daniel Nash, of Ot.scgo county. On .May 31, 1828, a leg-.d organ- ization was effected, under the Rev. Joshua M. Rogers, of Turin, of which Ira Wright and Wm. D. Ford were war- dens, and Wm. Cowen, Samuel McClure, Philo S. John- son, Loveland Paddock, Forrester Dexter, Henry L. Har- vey, Henry Bronson, Wm. McCuUock, and Walter Wood- ward were vestrymen. In 1829 they engaged the piistoral labors of the Rev. Hiram Adams, then a missionary of the united parishes of Watertown and Sackot's Harbor, at which places he preached on alternate Sabbaths. Services were at first held at the court-house. In 1829 a Sunday- school was opened, having at fii-st sixteen scholars and two teachers, and for four years not more than twenty-five scholars were assembled. In 1830 a subscription was circulated to obtain the means to erect a church, and a petition for aid was for- warded to Trinity church. New York ; but those efiorts failed. In the fall of 1831 the Rev. Mr. Salmon was hired six months, but remained a year, and in February, 1832, the efforts to raise means for building a church were resumed with vigor. A lot was secured, but the sum was still short of that ncccssiiry, when Henry D. Sewall en- gaged to build the house on the .subscription, and take the sum to be received from the sale of pews to pay the bal- ance. A wooden church was accordingly commenced in the spring of 1832, and finished externally the same year. In June, 1833, Trinity church. New York, gave SIOOO to the society; and in 1833, Samuel Brown, of Brownville, raised $000 for this church in New York, and G. C. Sher- man contributed liberally towards its completion. The church, being completed, was consecrated September 18, 1833. The frame of this building was 40 by 60 feet, with a square tower of 16 feet base, projecting 8 feet from the front, with a belfry formed by two parallelograms crowning each other, with recessed corners, above which rose an octagonal tinned .'spire, tajiering to a point at 100 feet from the ground. The church had two windows in the front and four on each side, with semieireular tops. The exter- nal design and details of the tower were modeled from a church in Cambridge, Mass. In 1834. Mr. Gear, of Brown- ville, was employed a part of the time, and iu 1835 the Rev. Hickox, of Rochester, was called, and the church pro-spercd much under his laboi-s. From May, 1837, till April, 1839, the Rev. Charles Ackley was emploj-ed, and in September of the latter year the Rev. John F. Fish was engaged, and remained until Sept. 22, 1844. During his ministry the numbers of the church increased from 50 to 1C6 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. NEW YORK. 134 ; there were 94 confirmations, 127 baptisms, 142 mar- riages, and 55 burials. In January, 1S45, the Rev. Dr. Wm. M. Carmichael was employed, and remained about a year, when he was succeeded, in August, 1S46, by the Rev. Levi \V. Norton, who continaed the rector till the spring of 1853. On the 17th of July. 1853. the Rev. George Morgan llills was employed. The Rev. Theodore Babcook, D.D., succeeded Jlr. Hills as rector, serving from Nov. 15, 1857, to May 15, 1S72. His rectorship was a long and prosperous one of nearly fifteen years. The present rector, the Rev. Leigh R. Brewer, succeeded Dr. Babcock June 23, 1872. The church originally erected was burned in the memor- able fire of 3Iay 13, 1S49. and on May 14. 1850, the corner- stone of the present edifice was laid, with religious servic-es, by the Episcopal clergy of the county. The building is after the plans of Mr. R. Upjohn, of New York, and is purely Gothic. The dimensions of the nave are 50 by 100 feet ; those of the church 25 by 21 feet. The building was consecrated by Bishop De Lancey, Jan. 23, 1851. The parL-h now numbers about 250 families and 400 communi- cants, with a Sunday-school of 250 children and 30 teachers. GRACE (EPISCOPALj CHfRCH. The parish was organized August 14, 1867, the bishop of the diocese at that time being Right Rev. A. C. Cose. The following persons were incorporated as the vestry : F. W. Hubbard and C. D. Wright, wardens; L. H. Brown, J. F. Starbuck, George A. Bagley, L. J. Dorwin, G. H. Sherman, W. R. Trowbridge, A. H. Hall, and C. H. Van- brackle, vestrymen. The society at first held its meetings in the court-house. The first rector was Rev. W. H. Millburn. A few months after the organization a chapel, situated upon the comer of Jay and Sterling streets, was secured for the worship of the parish, at a cost of StiOOO. The following is a list of the rectors of the church since its organization : W. H. 3Iillbnm, W. A. Ely, John -\. Staun- ton, W. H. Hopkins. William L. Parker, and the present rector. Rev. G. T. Le Boutillier. At the time of its organization the society had bat 43 communicants. Since that time the number has increased to nearly four times that number. The parish is in a pros- perous condition, and proposes to erect a substantial church edifice within a reasonable time. The Sunday-.*chool has an attendance of 1 10 scholars, and is supplied with a library of about 300 volumes. The present officers of the church are Joel F. Blood and F. W. Hubbard, wardens ; G. F. Starbuck, George A. Bagloy, L. F. Phillips, G. H. Sher- man, A. H. Hall, C. H. Vanbrackle, C. D. Wright, and A. H. Herrick, vestrjrmen. The ladies of the parish have formed a society, called the '• Ladies' Guild," the object of which b to promote the interests of the church and the social feeling among the parishioners. There b also a so- ciety called the '• Young People's Choral Society," which was organized for the purpose of promoting church singing among the youth of the parish. r.MVER,, and dedicated Nov. 4, 1852. Its present value, with additions and improvements, b about S25,000. Rev. Mr. Morse was succeeded by Rev. William H. Wag- goner. After four years Rev. H. Boughton was employed, and he was succeeded by Rev. James H. Stewart. Subse- quent pastors are as follows : Revs. A. A. Thayer, E. W. Reynolds. I. M. Atwood, D. C. Thompson, Harvey Hersey, and G. F. Babbitt, the present incumbent. The church is situated at the east end of Public Square, with a frontage of 66 feet, and b one of the best-appearing churches in the city. Its audience-room b 45 by S2 feet, with a seating capacity of about 60(1. Spacious school- rooms are located in the basement. The number of com- municants is 149. The Sunday-school has 150 scholars, and a library of over 7c ciinpnign of ]832 it supported Jncl(sun. Karly in Octubcr, 18:1.3, the name was changed to tlio /Jcmncnaic Sitiuilitnl. It continued to bo published by Smith until July 29, 18:io, when it was united with the Wuler- towH Knijle^ aud bceanio tlic JCut/te ami Sttmitnrtt, edited by Alvio Hunt and Asahel It. Smith." Tfic Kufjte was founded by J. Calhoun, September II, 18.12, and was a folio, weekly, si.x columns to the l)agc, * Wo arc under obIi;;ations to Mr. Lcbnrgc, Mr. J. B. Primeau, Aud i\iii)fc in charge of the institutiuu for tlio above items. at $2.50 per annum, delivered to village subgcribers, and Democratic in politics. On the 2Sth March, ls:j:!, Ah in Hunt became us'sueiatc editor, and in .August following purchased the interest of Calhoun, and continued the publication until the consolidalii n with the Slaiid- anl above mentioned. "In October, ISUfi, Mr. Smith withdrew from the Entjlc and titaiitlard, and on the I'AHh of November, \S^7, tlic name was changed to the Jiffcrsiminii, under which name, or that of the Wutertown Jeffvr«t>uinu, it has continued without change of poli- tics until the jiri'sent time." (1854). On the 15th of December, 1851, Mr. Hunt became as- sociated with John W. Tamblin (now deceased) ; March 15, 1853, Mr. J. C. Hatch took the place of the latter, and in September Tamblin succeeded Hatch. In 1854, the paper was published by Hunt aud Tamblin, at §1.50 per annum. The Daily Jeffersonian was begun at this office May 10, 1851, and continued two and a half years. There was also published at this office, by Mr. Hunt, during the campaign of 1840, a small sheet at 25 cents, edited by a committee of young men, and devoted to the support of the Democratic party. It was called the Anrora. On the 29th of August, 1846, the Democratic Union was founded, and in the April following it was owned by Stephen Martin and Lysander H. Brown. In Se])tenibor Martin was suc- ceeded by John A. Haddock, and June 29, 1848, Mr. Brown retired from the editorial charge, which had been continuous from the commencement of .the Union. Mr. Haddock continued the publication until November 19, 1851, when he sold his interest in the paper to Mr. Brown, who was again its editor (and publisher) until the latter part of 1854, when Mr. Haddock again became the pro- prietor for a short time, and was succeeded by Jlr. Elam Comstock, who united it to the Jeffersonian, calling the combined papers the Jeffei-son Union. Messrs. Tamblin and Chamberlain were the next j)roprictors, and in Decem- ber, 1856, E. J. Clark and Royal Chamberlain bought out Mr. Tamblin, Chamberlain retiring also at the end of three years. The paper remained under 3Ir. Clark's management until 1st January, 18G5. In that year the paper passed through several chnnges, and was purchased by Mr. A. H. Hall, who changed the name to the Watertown Re-Unlon. 3Ir. Hall conducted the paper until September 12, 1870, when he .sold it to George Moss and Walter A. Boon. These two gentlemen, on June 24, 1872, started the Dady Morning Despatch, and continued its publication, and that of the Re-Union, until JIarch 31, 1874, when their interest was purchased by W. C. Haven & Co., George Moss con- tinuing as editor. In July, 1876, Mr. Charles J. Hyncs purchased the entire establishment, and in August following disjio.«ed of it to a stock comj)any, wliich now publishes the daily and weekly, with Mr. llyiu'S as manager and Mr. Moss as editor. The ofiice is located on Arcade street, in a fine brick block (three stories and ba.scuient), and is abundantly sup- plied with all the necessary machinery, steam-engine, presses, type, etc., to constitute it a model i)rinting-establishmcnt in newspaper, book, and job work. The size of the daily is 28 by 40 inches, and of the weekly, 32 by 46 inches. They are modern newspapers in every re.«peet, fully abreast with the times, lively, enter- taining, and reliable. The daily Drspntc/i is the only morning newspaper published nmtli of the Central Railroad fMM Brown. (FhOTOS.BY GiHOIfOH WATrKIOWft , ■■ ■.■"=?^^^^ IVHS.ELAM BffOVIN. RisiDLNCE ur fMMv-'CHAS.L BROWN, Wa: £RTcv.,v ;'; y. £^^ /^£V GXI^ONE/? BaK^EF^. fAffS GAI^DNt:!^ 8ah£i^ E/Ea;^. c3-^^i^nDnsrEK> b^a^icei?.. The subject of this sketch was born in Minden, Montgomery county, N. Y. September 11, 1802. He was a son of Thomas Baker and Mary Hall, who had a family of nine children, and were themselves natives of Rhode Island. Until he was eigh- teen years of age he worked on the farm of his father summers, and attended school winters. At the age of eighteen he became the subject of that wonderful change which gave a new direc- tion to his whole being, and for the two following summers attended a select school at. Trenton. In the spring of 1823 he entered Lowville academy, having about the same time been licensed to exhort by the Methodist church. Through the counsel of the presiding elder of the Black River district (which then included nearly all of the present Black River conference), he accepted a circuit (^Indian River) which ex- tended from Carthago to within six miles of Ogdensburgh. Left school, and througli the kindness of his brother, an sxtUtT- ney, at Springfield, New York, obtained an outfit consisting of a horse, saddle, bridle, saddle-bags, two valises, and a whip. His colleague on this great circuit was William Jones. There were thirty appointments, to meet which each had to travel some three hundred miles every four weeks. There was no church edifice in the circuit, and their meetings were held in log houses, shanties, barns, and iu 'he open air. His home waa in the saddle, and his inn wiieiever night overtimk him. The year's compensatiim for each, incbiding gifts, orders on stores, etc., was sixty dollars. Jiike tho pioneer faimer the pioneer minister endured juivatiins of every sort, but felt it an honor to be employed in any way to advanf.' the cause of the Master. Using liis own language, "I never have been happier in my whole life than when preaching the gospel to the poor in their log school-houses, and enjoying the hearty Christian hospitality of their log cabins." During (he half- century of his public life he has enjoyed the esteem and con- fidence of his brethren, both in the ministry and iu the laity, to a remarkable degree. He has held the ofiice of presiding elder for thirty-one years, has spent five 5'ear8 in circuits, twelve yeare on stations, and six years at " Pilgrim's home" (& term used by him to designate his home in Watertown). Twice, on account of the absence of the bishop, he has been appointed president of the Black River conference. During a quadrennium (1860-1864) he served as a member of the New York book committee of the Methodist Episcopal church. By the general conference of 1860 he was appointed fraternal del- egate to the general conference of the Methodist Episcopal church in Canada. At the late general conference at Baltimore, he was the eldest delegate present, and was the recipient of many marked attentions, being honored with a seat upon the platform with the bishops during the entire session. In the year 1827 he married Miss Esther, daughter of Enos and Puella Scott, of Perch River. Her father was well known throughout the county, and lived to the advanced age of nearly one hundred and one years. Mrs. Baker has endured the hardships and toils of an itin- erant's life with Christian zeal and patience, and is justly beloved by a wide circle of friends. To Mr. and Mrs. Baker were bom five children, viz. : Mary A., Kate <'., Gardner C, Esther A., and William B. Baker. Of these, Mary A. died in Chicago, Illinois, 1875. Kate C. married Mr. George H. Tallett, resides in Watertown, and has two children, William H. and Nellie B. An engraving of their resilience and their portraits will he found on the opposite page of this work. Gardner is married and resides in Des Jloiues, Iowa. Esther A. married Professor J. Dormau Steele, of Ehuira, New York. Rev. Gardner Baker had been spending his summer at his cottage at the Thousand Island park. He arose Sunday morn- ing, August 12, 1877, as usual, went out, and not returning, his family became anxious, and, upon search, found him ne«r by, but life was extinct. At the completion of the fiftieth year of his ministry he was presented with a gold-headed cane, bearing this inscription : " Presented to Rev. G. Baker, by the Northern New York Conference, 1824-1874," which he carried to the close of his life. His beloved and devoted wife and widow resides with her daughter, Mrs. Tallett, and is now in her seventieth year of age. GM.Tallett. ftARS.GH.jALLUT. ^^^^^B^^S^^^^^^^^^^^^^B*=5T»3«^S5^^«^3g^3;^^S^g^SJ^^^!^5^3B ■s- 4 - f HesiDENCc AND Ga^oen or O.H.TALLETT, f^ EAR FAiff Ground, Wat €RTov/N,Jtff tRSOH Co., f^ . y . GlNORON PnoTOCfiPHER WkT^FTO^H fiY Z&BIRT D WHITNEY ^^^ (JIRS.EGBZf^T D.V/HITNLY. > 4 » F(£siD[NCL S^ Brick Yaho oV LGBERT O.WHnN[iY,WAT[R> '■■■,:. Y. IIISTOllY OF JEFFKRSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 1G9 in the State, and the only one receiving the dispatches of the National Associated Press. The weekly is made up from the cream of the daily editions, and has a wide influence and extensive cireulatiun throughout northern New York. It is tlic largest paper in the county, and contains by far the largest amount of reading matter, and its influence is helicved to be uucfiualcd. Speaking of the two papers, " Pettingill's Newspaper Direc- tory" says, — " Tlio daily has a circuliition of 1900, the weekly 3500. The Watcrtown Mnruiinj Detpnlch is a live daily, contnining all the im- portant news from abroad and throughout the county, latest telegrams, and corrected markets every morning. It is brighter and better than ever. Terms $() per year, in advance. The ^^'<:ek■ll/ llt-Ciiinii is a first-class weekly Democratic journal, devoted to the interest of the masses. It is tilled to the brim with the most interesting news of the day, and has complete correspondence from every part of the county. It is the best advertising medium in northern New York. Price, $1.50 per year. These are the only Democratic papers in Jefferson County, the population of which is 05,000." The establishment ]iublishing these papers gives employ- ment in its editorial, reporturial, and other departments to twenty-one people, several of whom are married nun with families more or less numerous. Thursday s Post was commenced October 19, 1S2G, at Watcrtown, by Theron Parsons & Co., five columns, weekly ; politics, Clintoniau ; si.\ty-six numbers were published, the last being January 17, 1828. The press was then sold to Henry L. Harvey, who (January 24) commenced 2'hc Register, with the same size and politics. Mr. Harvey had commenced a temperance paper, called The Genius of Phil- anthropy, previously, which afterwards united with the WatertowH Register, both names being retained. On May 1, 1830, Benjamin Cory became a partner in the paper, and May 15 the name became Tlin Watertoum Register and General Advertiser. In May, 1831, Cory became sole proprietor and publisher. In the fall of that year, from being neutral in politics it became the organ of the Whig party in the county. September 19, the latter part of the name was dropped, and on March 25, 1835, its name was changed to The Aorth Anierienn, w'nh John ITaxton editor. It was continued under this name till Se|itember, 1839, when its name was restored to the Walertoicii Register, under the direction of H. S. Noble; the size, terms, and politics remaining unchanged. Joel Greene was afterwards taken into the partnership, and he subsequently became the proprietor. In March, 1842, the editor and ]iublisher was William II. Hough. Mr. Greene continued the paper as the Bkiek River Journal from the spring of 1843 till Au- gust, 184G, and by him it was considerably enlarged. lu the spring of 184G, Mr. Greene coiumenced publishing the Daily Journal, which failed to meet the expectations of the publisher, who changed it to the Watcrtown Journal, a tri-weekly folio of four columns to the page. This was continued until the press was .sold and the name changed to The Northern State Journal, by Ambiusc W. Clark, which was begun August 26, 184C, and, like its predecessors, was considered the organ of the Whig party in the county. In August, 1848, G. W. Smith and II. S. Noble (the lat- ter formerly engaged on the Wuferfowii Register) became the publishers. Julin Fayd subsc(iuenlly became a part- ner, and September 18, Jlr. Clark again became one of the publishers, since which time the paper was conducted by Clark & Fayel and others up to the year 1SGS-G9, when the office and publication were purchased by Hon. Lotus Ingalls, and merged in the office of THE WATEllTOWN REFORMER. This is a weekly newspaper, published at the office of the Watertotcn Daily Times, of which establishment the Re- former was the original plant, and has become the trunk in the Times- Reformer office. It was commenced August 29, 1850, under the title of the New York Reformer, its founders being Lotus Ingalls, A. H. Burdiek, and L. M. Stowell. The late Solon Massey, author of a scries of articles of local biography and history, under the signature of " A Link in the Chain," giving reminiscences of Water- town and its pioneers, was one of the editors, as was also Wm. Olaiul Bourne, for a time. John A. Haddock, Isaac M. Beebee, anil L. J. Bigelow were also subsequently con- nected with the paper, both as proprietors and editors. Like the 'Times, since its first appearance the Reformer has been a discriminating champion of the principles and meas- ures of the Republican jjtirty since its organization in 1855, having previously been independent in politics, and devoted to temperance and general reform. Its present proprietor, Bciuaii Brockway, became associated in its ownership and editorial management March 1, 18G0, and has been con- nected with it, to a greater or less extent, ever since. Mr. Brockway is a native of Hamp.shire county, Mass., where he was born in 1815. He served a regular apprenticeship at the printing business, and entered on the first experiences in his long and succcs-sful career in journalism at Mayville, the capital of Chautauque county, N. Y., at the close of the year 1834, when only nineteen years of age. He remained in that establishment most of the time, as proprietor and editor, until the spring of 1845, when he removed to the city of Oswego, to take charge of the Oswego Palladium, which he had purchased. The publication of the Daily Osicego Palladium was begun under his auspices, and con- tinued through his ownership, which ceased by .sale in 1853, when he removed to New York, and took a position on the editorial staff of the Tribune. This he resigned from choice after two years of arduous but acceptable service, and returned to Oswego to engage in other pursuits. In the fall of 1858 he was chosen member of lussembly from the third district of Oswego county, and took a prominent part in the deliberations and actions of that body. He removed to Watcrtown in 18G0, to re-enter the field of journalism. While thus engaged as associate editor he was, on January 1, 18G5, selected by Governor Fenton iis his private secretary ; but he had disdiarged the duties of the office but a few months when he was appointed a canal appraiser. This responsible position he filled with unques- tioned fidelity and credit until the close of his term in January, 187t). In June, 1870, Mr. Brockway returned to Watcrtown, and, in connection with Lotus Ingalls and Charles R. Skin- ner, again devoted liim.self to the cares and toils of daily newspaper life, by engaging in the editorial management and control of the Daily Times and We< hly Reformer. 170 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Having successively purchased the interests of Messrs. In- galls and Skinner, he fiualiy became the sole owner and manager in 1874, and has since continued as sole proprietor and editor-in-chief to the present time. THE WATERTOWN DAILY TIMES, which is now tlie peculiarly representative issue of the es- tablishment, and the offshoot of the Reformer, was com- menced in 1861. It was founded in response to the grow- ing wants of the city and its vicinity, and in its infancy was a small sheet, and indifferently conducted. Under better auspices and a more enterprising spirit, as well as greater diligence and ability in its mana<;ement, it has be- come one of the must respectable and influential dailies in the interior of the State, and reflects credit on the beautiful town in which it is published. THE TIMES AND REFORMER PRINTING-HOUSE, which is a complete newspaper brick building of four stories, situated on Arcade street, belongs with the establishment, the institution representing a capital of forty thousand dol- lars, employing a manual force of from thirty-five to forty hands. Its machinery, which is ample in the news and jobbing departments for all classes of printing work and binding, is driven by steam, the several apartments of the building, together with the counting-room, situated in the Paddock Arcade, being warmed by the same agent. The establishment does a business of some forty thousand dol- lars per annum, the circulation of the daily Times being fifteen hundred, and of the Reformer three thousand. The advertising in each journal is very large, and the job work very extensive. The heads of the different departments and operative parts of the establishment are as f.llows: B. Broekway, editor-in-chief; L. L. Pratt, news editor; B. D. Adsit, city editor; J. W. Broekway, general superin- tendent of operative departments ; H. A. Broekway, cashier, presiding in the counting-room. The Censor, an anti-Masonic paper, was commenced by Theron Parsons, at Adams, July 1, 1828, and continued until Jan. 18, 1829, when it was removed to Wateituwn. It was a small weekly folio of five columns to the page. In June, 1830, Knoch Ely Camp was announced as the editor. The bitterness of party spirit was at the time excessive, and its enemies having christened it The Giiicer, its name was changed by Camp to the Antimnsoiiic Sim. It was afterwards published thirty-nine weeks by Dr. R. Goodale, commencing Dl'c. 13, 1830, as The Coiistelhition, and sub- sequently it passed into the hands of Abner Morton, now of Monroe, Michigan, who enlarged it to six columns, called it the Jiffiriiiin Rejinrler, and imblished it till Jan. 21, 18.34, when he removed west, taking his press. Elder Joel Greene, after selling the Jounnd, in January, 1847, began the Wiitertown Sjieclator, a ])aper devoted to the temper- ance reform. At the end of the second year it was stopped, with tlie view of enlargement, when it was prevented by the great fire of 184!>, which destroyed the ftirm on the press. THE WATERTOWN POST was founded in July, 1870, as an independent literary family paper, in connection with the job printing-office and bindery of Hanford & Wood, and was edited by George C. Bragdon, an accomplished writer and a partner in the newspaper ven- ture of the office. In November, 1871, Mr. Bragdon sold his interest to Wm. C. Plumb, who became the editor. He conducted its editorial columns for a year or so, when he sold his interest to his partners, Hanford & Wood, and re- tired from the concern. For a year or thereabouts the paper was edited by N. A. Oaks, late a crockery dealer of the city. In August, 1874, the entire establishment was bought by the present proprietor, Lotus Ingalls, who changed the form of the paper from a .small eight-page paper, with a literary supplement published in New York, and folded into the issue at the office of publication in Watertown, to a large four-page paper as it at present appears. ^Ir. Ingalls also changed its character from a strictly neutral paper in politics to an independent Republican journal, which discusses all questions of public and political interest on the basis of the " greatest good to the greatest number," thus taking the paper out of the category of merely literary papers, and placing it on the side of journals alive to public interests, yet losing nothing in its literarj' merit and domes- tic features, and wielding an influence for good in the com- munity. Another positive feature was given to the paper at this time, which still continues to mark its issues: it discus.sed the agricultural interests of the country, in which it is having a salutary influence by inducing better husbandry outdoors and better living indoors. The circulation of the Post, at the time of its purchase by Mr. Ingalls, was about 1500 copies, and this, too, among the influential classes, who took but little interest in the questions that agitated society. It soon, however, under its new management, gathered force, and ran up its circulation till it bad over 4500 sub- scribers, adding to its list the active political and social classes ; more particularly among the fanning population of northern New York, .so many of whom had in years past made the ac((uaintance of Jlr. Ingalls as editor-in-chief of the Watertown Daily Times and weekly Refirmer, papers which he was chiefly instrumental in founding, — the Re- former in 1850, as a temperance advocate, and the Dnily Times in 1801, at the breaking out of the war, when a daily paper became almost a necessity in this part of the State. During the first years of Mr. Ingall's editorial career the Reformer attained a circulation of 5500 copies weekly. As the agitation of the slavery question became fierce and threatening, the paper took the Republican side of the i.ssue, and carried on at the same time a persistent advocacy for a reform in the assessment laws, IMr. Ingalls being the first man in the State to recommend the creation of a State board of assessors to equalize the assessments between counties ; and he first urged the importance of a bill for the same, which was carried through the legisla- ture two or three years afterwards. Mr. Ingalls, too, was an unceasing advocate of a free-school system, and was the first to urge, editorially, the distribution of the public-school money on the basis of attendance at schiml. In ISO;), Mr. Ingalls took a trip to Colorado, corresponding with the papers of the county, which correspondence, delineations of Rocky Mountain scenery and incidents, increase! his repu- tation as a descriptive writer, and lent an additional interest to the publications in which the same appeared. His re- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 171 lation.s of bis California experience were characterized by P. T. Barnuni as the most vivid descriptions of the won- derful visions there he had ever read. These events, and the long editorial experience of ^Ir. Ingalls, served to draw to his subscription list of the Pust, on bis assumption of his management, thousands of bis old readers who had been interested and instructed by his former writings. The Post is a thorough reform paper, its editor believing the people pay vastly too much for being governed. It possesses the confidence of the people, and enjoys the largest circulation of any weekly paper in northern New York. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS. TJt'sidcs these papcr-s before named, there have appeared the following, generally from the press of the regularly established papers of the county : The Herald of Sahii- tt'on, a Universalist magazine, by Rev. Pitt Morse, 1822- 23, semi-monthly, printed by S. A. Abbey, afterwards by W. Woodward. It was united with a magazine in Phila- delphia. T/ie Monitor, a .small folio, cap size, quarterly, beginning Jan. 1, 18.30, and devoted to the record of the benevolent societies of the Presbyterian and Congregational churches. The Student, one year, monthly, beginning Aug. 1, 1837, quarto, edited by the students of the B. R. L. & R. Institute, printed by B. Cory, and made up of original papers by the students. T/ie Voice of Jefferson, summer and fall of 1828 (Clintonian"), small weekly, quarto form, edited by a committee of young men, printed by Harvey & Hunt. The Veto, a small campaign paper, begun Sept., 1832. The Spirit of '76, edited by a com- mittee of young men, printed by B. Cory, three months in 1833. Tlie PtUriot luid Democrat, a small campaign paper, was commenced Oct. 20, 1838, and seven numbers were issued. Printed by Randall 1). Rice, for a committee, at Watertown. Tlie Pioneer Phidanx iind Independent Magazine, 8vo, in covers ; edited by A. C. S. Bailey, and begun Nov., 1843, monthly; and it is believed but one number was issued. It was to be tlie organ of the Fourier association in Watertown. The Sinai and Calvary Re- porter, quarterly, octavo. Rev. Joseph Livingston, begun Oct., 1852, first number issued at Watertown, and second at Gouverneur. llie Telegraph was a little daily, about the size of a com- mercial note-head, which was published a few weeks in 1858, by J. D. Huntingdon, then the telegraph-operator at Watertown, now one of the prominent citizens and dentists of the city. It contained the market reports and cable- grams of the then newly-laid ocean cable, and expired with the last echoes of the famous dispatch over the latter, " All right ! De Sauty." The Christian Witness was published monthly during the years 1875-70, by the Young Men's Christian Association; Chas. E. Ilolbrook, printer. THE BOOK AND JOB PRESS. Besides the newspaper offices in the city there are two book- and job-printing offices, viz. : GnAS. E. HoLBROOK, Steam printing, established in 1872, as Kenyon & Holbrook, Mr. Kenyon retiring in lS7t!. and .Air. Ilnlbrnuk brconiing sole proprietor, as at present. His establishment is admirably equipped for its purposes of book and job work, having four steam-presses and one hand-press, and a full a.s.sLirshal ; James R. Miller, Trustee. The lodge owns a fine hall in Paddock block, and num- bers 231 members. 174 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. WATEUTOWN CHAPTER, NO. 59, K. A. M., was instituted February 7, 1817, the first Grand Council consisting of Egbert Ten Eyek, H. P., Aiuasa Trowbridge, K., and Isaac Lee, S., who served nine years, until 1826. The succ&ssion of High Priests has been as follows: 1827- 28, G. W. Wells; ^1829-33, Abner Baker; 1834-38, Ithamar B. Crawe ; 1839-40, Orville Hungerford ; 1841- 44; H. K. Xewcomb; 1845-46, Ithamar B. Crawe; 1847, Peter Hon-; 1848, Lysander H. Brown; 1849, H. K. Newcomb; 1850, 0. Hungerford; 1851, P. Mundy ; 1852-54, Peter Horr; 1855-62, Lj'sander II. Brown; 1863-66, Allen C. Beach; 1867-69, Roswell P. Flower; 1870, Nelson H. Pierce; 1871-72, John C. Armstrong; 1873-74, Louis C. Greenleaf ; 1875-77, Thomas C. Chit- tenden. Officers of 1877: Thomas C. Chittenden, H. P.; Leslie B. Cooke, K. ; A. W. Wheelock, S. ; J. Addison Lawyer, Treas. ; Julius A. Quencer, Sec'y; Chas. B. Fow- ler, C. H. ; Chas. D. Bingham, P. S. ; Wilbert F. Bing- ham, R. A. C. ; Edgar C. Emerson, Geo. P. Bretch, Jno. K. Tufts, M. of Veils ; Joseph J. Bragger, Tyler ; Thomas C. Chittenden, Trustee. Number of membere, 140. WATEllTOWN COMMANDEBY, NO. 11, K. T. In the beginning of the year 1826, on the petition of Orville Hungerford, Adriel Ely, Isaac H. Bronson, and others, a dispensation was granted by the Grand Com- mander of the State of New York to organize an encamp- ment of Knights Templar at Watertown, under the title of " Watertown Encampment, No. — ," the said dispensation bearing date February 22, 1826. The first officers, ap- pointed by the Grand Commander, were Orville Hunger- ford, G. C. ; Adriel Ely, Geno. ; Isaac II. Bronson, C. G. The first conclave of the encampment was held, March 24, 1826, with the above-named officers, and T. R. Brayton Prelate, and G. C. Sherman Recorder. From March 24, 1826, to April 17, 1829, the orders were conferred on twenty-one candidates. In 1829, '30, and '31 there was but a single conclave held each year, the same being the annual election, and soon after the election in 1831 the en- campment surrendered its warrant, in consequence of the bitter political crusade waged against the Masonic order during those years. On or about the 1st of February, 1850, the surrendered charter was reissued on petition of Orville Hungerford, Jas. H. Meigs, Sol. Bobbins, Jr., Joseph C. Partridge, John Mullen, Sr. and Jr., Pitt Morse, Hugh Wiley, J. Whitby, Sylvester Reed, and John MeQuillen ; and March 29 tlie encampment, as No. 11, resumed its work and elected a corps of officers, and has not ceased its regular conclaves since. Its commanders have been as follows : 1826-29, Orville Hungerford; 1829-31, Adriel Ely; 1831, Isaac H. Bronson; 1850, 0. Hungerford; 1851, Sylvester Reed; 1852 to March, 1861, Geo. C. Sherman; 1862-69, Pearson Mundy; 1869-70, J. A. Lawyer ; 1871- 72, Thos. C. Chittenden ; 1873, John C. Armstrong ; 1874, J. A. Lawyer; 1875-76, A. H. Sawyer. Officers of 1877-78: Louis C. Greenleaf, E. C. ; Rob- inson E. Smiley, Geno. ; Addison W. Wheelock, C. G. ; A. H. Sawyer, Prelate; Jas. R. Miller, S. W. ; Chas. R. Skinner, J. W. ; J. A. Lawyer, Treas. ; Chas. B. Fowler, Rec. The comniandery musters 176 knights. On the occurrence of the abduction of William Jlorgan the anti-Masonic excitement pervaded this, with other sec- tions, and nearly every lodge in the county surrendered its charter. The matter soon got into politics, and several papers were successively established at Adams and Water- town, as more fully stated in our account of the press. In 1830 thirteen Ma-sonic and five anti-Masonic supervisors were elected, and in 1831 an equal number of each. This question unsettled former political organizations, and in in- numeratde instances made political friends those who had previously been opponents. ODD-FELLOWS. " Black River Lodge, No. 124, I. 0. 0. F.," was insti- tuted September 24, 1844, with Fred. S. Hawley as N. G., Wm. H. Shumway as V. G., and Edwin Clark Secretiiry, the District Deputy Grand Master, Charles W. Rogers, or- ganizing the work. "Iroquois Lodge, No. 161," was in- stituted in May, 1845, by D. D. G. M. W. H. Shumway, with Benjamin Jervis as N. G., R. Jl. Chittenden, V. G., and Alexander Wilson Secretary. On May 13, 1849, the great fire that kid waste the business portion of Water- town destroyed the propertj' and records of these two named lodges, and they were consolidated into one named the JEFFEnSON UNION LODGE, NO. 124, which was instituted August 4, 1849, by D. D. G. M. Theodore Caldwell, with Ira F. Rowlson N. G. and AVm. A. Loomis V. G. This lodge has ever since maintained its work. The hall in which its meetings are held is owned by the Odd-Fellows' Hall Association, which is com- posed of Jefferson Union Lodge and Montezuma Encamp- ment, the former owning two-thirds and the latter one-third of the stock. Fred. Eames and James M. Sigourney, mem- bers of this lodge, have both filled the position of Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of New York. The officers of 1877 are: N. G., 0. F. Joy; V. G., C. F. Stewart; Sec, 0. A. Freeman ; Per. Sec, Gustave Schocnfcld ; Treas., Duane A. Green ; Trustees, Thomas E. Beecher, Thomas S. Graves, Wm. Howard. Number of members, 143. WATERTOWN CITY LODGE, NO. 291, I. O. O. F., was instituted September 20, 1871, by D. D. G. M. A. G. Wheeler, with 20 charter members from Jeffijrson Union Lodge. The first officers were Lucius Gill, N. G. ; W. S. Carlisle, V. G. ; W. P. Brown, R. S. ; M. V. Kitts, F. S. ; Daniel Lee, Treas. The officei-s of 1877 are as follows: W. O. Smith, N. G. ; J. P. Dunn, V. G. ; J. R. Pawling, R. S. ; F. C. Webb, F. S. ; George H. Seiple, Treas ; Trustees, Chas. Drexel, D. C. Middleton, J. C. Harbottle. Its membership numbers one hundred. It is a vigorously- growing body, and meets in a distinct hall from Jefferson Union Lodge at the present time. UONTEZCMA ENCAMPMENT^ NO. 27, w:is instituted Nov. 19, 1837 (as No. 56), by D. D. G. P. Nathan Randall, of Onondaga district, with J. J. Safford, Chief Patriarch ; Sylvester Smith, II. P.; Wm. II. Sigour- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 175 iicy, S. W. ; Jolit) 11. Smith, J. W. ; Bciij. Lewis, Scribe ; Morris Liviiisrston, Treas. Tlie proseiit offiL-crsare: Merrill L. Raymond, C. P. , Levin I'hiilips, H. P. ; Charles Drexel, S. W. ; Robert J. Holmes, L ; James M'hite, J. W. ; Wm. Howard, Treas.; Thomas I. Graves, F. S. ; Johu B. Hart, D. D. G. P. for Jefferson district. Number of members, 68. INDUSTRIAL. The " Jefferson County Industrial Association," a joint- stock coiiii)any, was formed in May, 1843, at Watcrtown, having for its object a union of labor and capital after the plan of Fourier. It at one time numbered nearly 400 persons, but after existing a little more than a year it was dissolved. An e.stablishment was formed two miles cast of Watertown, at Cold Brook, in which vicinity about 600 acres of land had been purchased,- moclianic- shops fitted up, and conveniences for families erected. " The Watertown Mechanics' Association" was formed August 13, 1844. The objcct.s of the association were the cultivation and improvement of the moral, social, and intel- lectual faculties, by diffusing information upon subjects connected with the mechanic arts, by exhibiting improve- ments, by discussing the principles of mechanism, collect- ing .statistics, and in such other ways as might be deemed useful. Mechanics, artisans, and manufacturers might be- come members of the a.ssociation by signing the constitu- tion, and paying one dollar in semi-annual payments. Fairs might be hold at such times as might be appointed, and weekly discussions and debates were held. The following officers were elected at the first meeting ; viz. : William H. Robinson, president ; Gilbert Bradford, first vice-president ; \V. Y. Buck, second vice-president ; Avery Thomas, record- ing secretary ; George Martin, corresponding secretary ; James II. Ryther, treasurer; John A. Haddock, collector; Lorenzo Fiunej', 0. L. Wheclock, C. E. Hubbard, John Jordan, Timothy Turner, managers; George Burr, A. Freeman, A. H. Burdick, commis.siouers finance. The as.sociation continued its organization until 18G1, and then dissolved. "Mechanics' Mutual Protections" were formed at Water- town, Brownville, and Theresa, but were of short continu- ance. " The Watertown Manufacturers' Aid Association" was formed in 1875, to promote the objects indicated by its name. Under the auspices of the A.ssociation, a " history of the settlement and progress of Watertown, and a descrip- tion of its commercial advantages as a manufacturing point, its location, its un.surpas.sed water-power, its industries, and general features of attraction to capitalists and manufac- turers," wa^ jmblishcd in 1876, the same being compiled by Mr. C. R. Skinner. The book was very neatly printed by the Times- Reformer press, and is a credit to the house, the Association, the compiler, and the city whose claims it ably advocates. The first article of the constitution of the association is as follows : " The olject of the association shall be to make an organized and systematic effort to develop and aid the manufacturing interests of the city of Watertown." Its first and present oflicors are as follows : Gen. Bradley Win.slow, president ; Dr. II. M. Stevens, vice-president ; Charles R. Skinner, cor. secretary ; W. C. Haven, record- ing secretary ; John F. Moffett, treasurer ; board of trus- tees : Bradley Win.slow, Jno. C. Streeter, Chas. W. Sloat, C. D. Palmeter, .Closes Eamcs, Rozelle IT. Hall, Levi A. Johnson, Thomas S. Graves, A. 1). Remington. JEFFERSON COUNTY (POMON.v) OHANOE, PATRONS OP HUSBANDRY, organized May 4, 1876, with Luke Fulton, Master, and S. R. Pratt, Secretary. Numbers 75 members. WATERTOWN GKANGE, NO. 7, was organized July 12, 1873, by C. I). Beman, of Waukon, Iowa, deputy of the National Grange, with twenty-five charter members, A. H. Hall being elected Master; G. C. Bradley, 0ver.seer ; Jno. W. Tamblin, Lecturer ; L. D. OIney, Trciisurer; and S. Curtis Terry, Secretary. Elliott Makepeace was Master in 1874-5, and L. D. Olney, 1876-7. W. 0. Tolman has served as Trea.surer, and L. T. Sawyer as Secretary, continuously since Jan., 1874. The member- ship had doubled at the election of 1874, and at the close of the year was nearly treble its charter members. Since then large additions have been made both by initiation and the consolidation of two neighboring granges with Water- town Grange. The present officers are: Ma.stcr, L. D. Olney ; Overseer, Henry Barbour ; Lecturer, Elliott Make- fieace ; Steward, W. A. Lyttle ; A.ssistant, Chas. Wilson ; Chaplain, Samuel Green; Treasurer, L. T. Sawyer; Secre- tary, W. 0. Tolman ; Gate-Keeper, Geo. B. Kimball ; Ceres, Mrs. Adaline Olney ; Pomona, Mrs. Angeline Make- peace ; Flora, Mrs. Frances Fuller; Lady Assistant, Mrs. Fanny Green ; E.xecutive Committee, W. C. Baker, Geo. H. Kimball, Frank Haddock. " Sovereigns of Industry," organized , with W. A. Portt, President, and W. A. Lyttle, Secretary. MUSICAL. The first instrumental organization effected in Watertown was one known as the " Watertown Band," organized in 1835. Capt. Rugg led the band with a "C" clarionet, the other members being John Parmclee, " C" clarionet ; Fay Horth, " F" clarionet; Dr. Sikes, "serpent;" Fred. White and Geo. Bascom, " bassoons ;" Cronkite, " B" bugle ; Albert Barney, " valve trombone ;" Charles Clark, piccolo. This organization continued until 1841, and often furnished music for military reviews and general trainings. One notable occasion was a review in 1830 at Brownville, when several distinguished military dignitaries were present. In 1841, the "Watertown Sax-Horn Band" was organ- ized, with James Elder as leader. It contained eleven Sax-horns, a tenor drum, and cymbals. This organization continued until about 1856, when the first Watcrtown Cornet Band was organized, under vthe leadership of Mr. Elder and several of the best musicians of the old Sax-horn band. This organization continued up to the breaking out of the rebellion, when a number of the members enlisted and went into the service. The organization, however, was preserved to the end of the war by Thomas Forrester, who filled up the vacant places in it with other musicians. In 1867, M. L. Elder assumed the leadership, and continued 176 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. in the position until sometime in 18C8, when the biniJ was reorganized under tlie leadership of I'rof. H. M. Lewis, with the name of " The Old Watcrtown Band," and con- tinued thus up to 1871, when the Davis Sewing-Machine Company purehascd new instruments for the band, and gave the use of them to the organization on condition the name " Davis Sewing-Machine Co. Band" was a.ssuraed, which proposition was acceded to. Tiie personnel of the organization at that date was the same substantially as now, viz. : Leader, Henry M. Lewis, 1st cornet ; M. L. Horth, 2d cornet ; Thomas Forrester, E-flat clarionet, Geo. Jones, 1st B-flat cornet; James Bonner, 2d B-flat cornet; Austin, solo alto ; Fay Horth, 2d alto ; Wm. R. Baker, 1st tenor ; L D. Graves, 1st tenor ; Walter Bliss, 2d tenor ; N. S. Snell, 2d tenor; Silas J. Snell, baritone ; Joseph Horton, tuba; S. Green, tuba; Frank Horth, bass drum ; L. Hutch- ins, tenor drum ; Edw. Trowbridge, cymbals. This or- ganization, with but few changes in members, continues to the present time. In 1874 the band competed for and won the SIOOO international prize at Toronto, Ontario, having as competitors much larger bands, among them the Hamilton (Ont.) band, of twenty-eight pieces, and the Grand Trunk band, of Toronto, with thirty-three pieces. The evening following the tournament, the U. S. Consul, Hon. A. D. Shaw, a Jefferson County man, gave the band a grand re- ception at the Queen's Hotel. A grand ovation and ban- quet was tendered the band by the citizens of Watertown on its return at tlie Wo(xlruff House. The reputation of the organization is second to none outside of the great cities lor the rendition of difficult or classical music. The band has serenaded civil officers of every grade from " aldermen to President of the United States," doing that pleasing service for President U. S. Grant on his visit to Watertown. On the visit of the Count and Countess St. Paul Le Ray de Cliauniiint to Carthage, a few years ago, the band was engaged in the reception of the distinguished guests, the de.scendant.s of the pioneers of Jefferson. In Sept., 1877, the band was ajrain reorganized under the name of the Walertoicn City Band, and incorporated with the following officers : Soranus II. Tripp, president ; Austin Jones, vice- president; Norman S. Snell, .secretary; S. D. Graves, treas- urer; Henry M. Lewis, musical director; the remaining members being the same as in the D. S. M. band. The band is splendidly uniformed and well drilled in marching movements, and present a fine appearance on parade, be- sides charming the ear with their exquisite harmony. It is the just pride of the city, whose citizens gather about the park on pleasant summer evenings in crowds, to listen to " tile concord of sweet sounds," that float out upon the evening air from the silver-throated helicons. " The Watertown Amateur Orchestra," composed en- tirely of amateur artists, was organized December, 1874. It comprises eleven instruments, viz. : 1st violin, John W. Miller, conductor; 2d violins, W. W. Scott (.sec'y. and treas.) and John Gutzmaii ; viola, Geo. Yager; basso, H. L. Baldwin (president) ; 1st and 2d clarionet, Frank Horth and De Witt Graves; flute and piccolo, D. J. Pease; cor- net, L. M. Waite; trombone, Jason M. Fenn. " The Watertown Choral Union" was organized in 1873, and consists of si.\ty-five members, with officers as follows : President, John C. Knowlton ; Vice-President, C. R. Ivem- ington ; Sec'y., M. B. Sloat ; Treas., E. Q. Sewall; Con- ductor, Samuel Adams ; Vice-conductor, Fred Seymour. LITERARY. The " Yuung Men's Association' was formed by the ap- pointment of officers, December 3, 1840, and the adoption of a constitution, which provided for the annual election of a president, two vice-presidents, a recording and corresjiond- ing secretary, a treasurer, and eleven managers, who were to constitute, together, an executive committee, appoint a librarian, and have the general charge and supervision of the interests of the a.ssociation. Citizens of Watertown, between the ages of sixteen and forty, might become mem- bers by paying one dollar admission fee, and two dollars an- nually. An act of incorporation was passed, April 17, 1841, by which D. D. Otis, 0. V. Brain.ird, S. S. Cady, Abraham Reamer, J. M. Clark, George R. Fairbanks, and Samuel Fairbanks, were constituted a body corporate, under the name of "The Young Men's Association for Mutual Improvement in the Village of Watertown, with the u.sual liabilities and immunities, and power to hold real and per- sonal estate, to an amount not exceeding S10,U00." The introductory address was delivered by the Hon. Jo- seph Mullin, December 17, 1840, and weekly lectures and debates were continued during the winter seasons. A li- brary with about 400 volumes was opened April 3, 1841, and had increased to nearly 2U00 vulumes, when the prem- ises occupied by the association were destroyed in the great fire of May 13, 1849, and no further efforts were made to revive it. The first officers elected were D. D. Otis, president ; Or- ville V. Brainard, first vice-president; Ithamer B. Crawc, second vice-president ; Joseph Mullin, corresponding secre- tary ; W. Genet, trea.surcr ; Geo. W. Iluiigerford, S. Fair- banks, James F. Starbuck, A. M. Corss, R. Barnes, J. H. Dutton, J. C. Patridge, F. W. Hubbard, K. Hannahs, M. Boebee, and T. H. Camp, managers. "Factory Square Lycciini' was, in its d.ay, one of the institutions for good in Watertown, and proved a good edu- cator for the times. It was organized about the year 1845, and continued to hold its meetings regularly until 1848, or thereabouts, in a hall in the building then known as Sew- ell's Hall. Among the prominent members of the Lyceum were Jonathan Sawyer, Nathaniel and Julin Fariiuni, Lewis C. Therry, A. D. Button, Samuel Haddock, John M. Si- gourney, and Gilbert Bradford. Many able essays and stoutly-contested discussions were read and conducted under the auspices of the Lyceum, including a cour.se of geologi- cal lectures by a noted geologist of that day. Other lec- tures were delivered by Judge Mullin, Prof 0. B. Pierce, H. D. Sewell, and other prominent men. RELIGIOUS. "The Young SFen's Christian Association" was organ- ized in 18G9, by such nun as Geo. B. Masscy, John F. Moffelt, F. R. Farwell, Geo. L. Davis, Ilonier Bartlelt, C. C. Case, Wm. M. Pennimaii, and others of that stamp of character, Mr. Case being the first president. The associa- tion oceu]iies a .suite of rooms in Washiiigtmi Hall block, [am OtNDROH PHOTOOflAPHtF VtA7ClfJ0WH.ll Y ) Pliny Monroe. Mrs. Puny Monroe. Lorenzo Dow Hill was born in Richfield, Oneida county, New York, July 31, 1808. His father, Asa Hill, was a native of Holleston, Massachusetts, and his mother, Catharine Hill, of Connecticut. Mr. Hill came into Oneida (wunty in ISOO. re- maining thore until ISIO, when ho rcmoveil with his tiimily into the town of Kodiuau, Jefferson County, where he and they enjoyed the pleasures, and endured the hardships and privations con.se(juent upou pioneer life, remaining upon the farm, changed by his own hand from a forest to cultivated fields, for more than forty years. Mr. Hill died in 1856, aged eighty-six j'ears; Mrs. Hill, in ]85!t, aged seventy-eight. Lorenzo, at the age of eighteen years, by an arrangement with his father, was allowed to launch upon " life's troubled sea," and carve his own fortune. He was employed by the late Judge .Egbert Ten Eyck upon his fai-m, and his industry and fidelity to business secured him a good and unclianged home, and constant employment for four years ; when at the age of twenty-two, he purchased fifty acres of land in the southeast part of Watcrtown, upon which he commenced farm- ing for himself At the ago of twenty-four he married Mi.ss Amanda 11., daughter of Septimus G. and Dorothy Adams, of Watortown. Mrs. Hill had received the advantages of a good education in early life, and followed the profe.-*siou of teacher with marked success for a series of years, which profession she abandoned, and assumed the duties and responsibilities of domestic life. Having spent several years upon thoir farm, and upon his ad- joining fami in Kodniun, they sold the whole to his brother, Calvin P. Hill, and removed to Burr's mills, in Watcrtown. having purchased the " Dimcou Caleb Burnam farm," .so called, of one hundred and eighty-sovon acres, where Mrs. Hill dietl Augiist 4, 1850, at the age of forty-two years, leaving two daughters. Caroline A. and Emma C. These daughters both survive their parents. Mr Hill married, for hu- second wife. Mrs. Elizabeth Welch, daughter of Hosea and Chioe Brown, of Ohio, who survives hini. He also leaves two sons, children of the second marriage, to accompany their mother through the remainder of life's journey. Mr. Hill was a model farmer, as the condition of his pre mises has always atte.sted , was a man of indomit;»ble industry, energy, and perseverance; and by their application, with econ omy, free fix)m parsimony, seconded and assisted by his partners in life, he became one of our first farmers in wealth and im- portance, leaving a liberal inheritance to those for whom he had labored .so long and faithiuUy. Tn 18(59 he left hLs farm, which he retained until his death, in charge of his son-in-law, Mr. George R. Bell, and removed to the city of Watcrtown, for the double purposi.' of relieving himself and wife from the labors and cares indispensable to conducting the business of a farm, and the accomplishment of the higher object of increasing the facilitie.s for furnishiiii; his sons, Herbert M. and Ijorenzo D., with an education. The former Ls now a student in Hamilton College, and the latter in the High School of the city of Watcrtown. In politics, Mr. Hill was a Kepublican, never participating in political excitements or seeking political preferment. In 1840, Mr. Hill united with the Methodist Episcopal church, of which he remained a consistent working member for the balance of his life, appropriating liberally of his means and time for its sustainment. He was a man of sound judg- ment, shrewd, cautious, and safe in his businei^s, always avoiding contingent and illegitimate enterprises ; decisive, firm ; a good neighbor, a consistent Christian, a valued citizen ; kind and indulgent, not only in his family, but turkin, secre- tary ; Wm. J. Farrell, corresponding secretary; Peter Clasey, treasurer. The succession of presidents has been as follows: James Muldi>on, 1869-71; Eilward Kennedy, 1871-72; William Haffarty, 1873-75; John Hartigan, 1875-77. The society has about sixty members. " St. John I?aptiste Benevolent Society" was organized 1876, and suspended the same year. E. De ^larce was the president, and Joliii Picket the secretary. The HonsE of Shelter for friendless and fallen girls and women was instituted April 25, 1877. at which date the first public meeting was held in the Y. M. C. A. rooms, a preliminary meeting having been held on the 17tb of April preceding. Forty-nine ladies were present at the second meeting, and " The Ladies' Christian Union ' was organized, which met from week to week until September 1, when the " Shelter" was established at 111 Washington street, in a rented house, with ^[rs. Weeks as matron and two girls as inmates. This number increiused to six at one time. The " House of Shelter" is still young, but it is one of those real charities which, organized and maintained by the noble women of our country, extend their sheltering arms to the unfortunate of the female sex, and are therefore worthy the benison of every good citizen. The foundei-s of this charity hope much for it. The officers of the society are Mrs. D. W. Huldwin, president ; Mrs. J. G. 12 Harbottle and Mrs. W. Ser, 18GS, the Grand Lodge met in Watertown, with 531 lodges repre- sented. In 1867 a " county lodge," the first one in the State, was formed in Watertown, to operate as a district grand lodge, composed of delegates from the subordinate lodges of the county. It has met once each quarter in various parts of the county ever since. The first W. C. T. of the county lodge was James Johnson, and the first Sec- retary, H. F. Ferrin. The present county chief is Samuel Hopper, of Antwerp, and eight constituent lodges send delegates to the sessions of the county lodge. The Watertown Reform Cliu was organized De- cember 18, 1875, by McKelvey and Bobney, temperance evangelists, with forty members, the first officers being as follows: President, John I. Inglis : Vice-Presidents, Closes Cross, W. H. Semple, J. G. Harboftle ; Secretary, George Dawson ; Treasurer, E. A. Dory ; Chaplain, Thomas Nor- ton. Prominent among the workers for the organization and maintenance of the club were Judge F. W. Hubbard, Dr. J. D. Huntington, Rev. J. W. Putnam, and J. J. Porter. During the winter of 1876 the elub sent several effective .speakers into the country round about, to evangelize in its cause, with good results. In March and April of 1876 the membership ran up to over 800, but fell off again, as work became plentier, later in the spring. The club now numbers 150 members, and claims that less than ten per cent, of its heaviest membership have relaj)sed to their former dissipation. The club-rooms are at present in the American Hotel building. The present officers are George Dawson, president; Peter Major, Jr., vice-president; M. G. Dillenbeck, secretary ; C. W. Seger, treasurer ; Thomas Norton, chaplain ; Hon. F. W. Hubbard, W. H. Semple, S. M. Douglass, executive committee. The Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society was organized in March, 1871, and has now a membership of one hundred and twenty, and a cadetship of sixty boys between the ages of ten and fourteen years. The presi- dents of the society have been as"f()llows; 1871-72, Father (togan; 1872-73, Henry L. Stimson ; 1873-74, John Bemis; 1875-76, James McManus; 1876-77, James Muldoon. The present officers are James Muldoon, presi- dent ; Robert Tough, vice-president; James McManus, secretary ; James Hogan, corresponding secretary ; John Burns, treasurer; John O'Brien, sergcant-at-arms. .military. The 35th battalion of the 16th brigade of the 4th di- vision of the National Guards, State of New York, has ita division- and brigaile-headf|nartruah married Merrit Fish ; have four children, and reside in Rutland. Darwin H. married Miss Lizzie Mallet ; have one child, and reside in Watertown city. He is a Democrat in ])olitics, has been an active and industrious man, and is honored and res]iected by all who know him. He is now in his sixty-fifth year. JOHN G. HARBOTTLE. The subject of this sketch was born in Tniiton, Oneida county. New York, JutK^ 4, 1810. He was son of Jiiliii Ilarbottle and Sophia Vassar. His father was born in the county of Northumberland, England, March 9, 1779, and at the age of twenty-two. and in tlu' year ISOl, emigrated from England and .settled at I'oughkeepsie, Dutchess county. New York. His mother was sister of Matthew ^'ilssa^, founder of Va.ssar College, New York State, and daugliter of James and Annie A''assar, of J'^nglish liirth. Sophia Vassar, his mother, was born in the county of Norfolk, England, December 11, 1784, and emigrated to America with her father and family when she was twelve years of age, and in the year 1790. The Vassar family arc of French descent, and this lino of the family left France dur- ing the early part of the eighteenth century, and settled in England. His father was married May 10, 1800, in Ponglikecpsie, New Y^ork. Engaged soon after in the manufacturing of cloth, and is .said to have been the first man in this State who carded wool by machinery. Following the clothing business, he Wius located severally at Oriskany, Trenton, Oneida county, Chittenango, Madison county, Mottville, Cayuga county, and in 1833 .settled in Watertown, New York. He died in 1843. His wife died in 1861. John Guy was sixth son and eighth child of his father's family of eleven children, and was fourteen years of age when the family settled in Watertown. Keturued to Poughkeepsie, remaining four years, and learned the tin-smith trade, came back to Watertown 1838, and for some six years was fore- man for Norris M. Woodruff & Son, in the same business. Afterwards for the Coopers, and in the year 1852 estab- lished business for himself Receiving no assistance pecu- niarily, by economy and judicious management has become one of the most successful business men of the city. In politics Mr. Harbotth' is a Republican. In persuasion he is connected with the Baptist church, uniting with that body at the age of nineteen. Always taking a very active part in the councils of that body, and having held the office of deacon for many years. At the age of twenty-two he married .Mrs. ^'ictorine R. Huntington, daughter of Lathrop Huntington, of Water- town. t)f this marriage was born one son, George Vassar. who died at the age of fourteen. The wife and mother died 1843. For his second wife he married Miss Marcia Ann Crydeuwise, daughter of John Crydenwise, of Ot.sego county, and of German descent. May 28, 1848. Of this marriage were born eleven children, of whom only three are living, viz. ; John Clark, Edward Guy, and Frank Vassar, .ill living at lionie. An engraving of the residence and sur- roundings of Mr. Harbottle will be seen on another page of this work, together with the engraved portraits of himself and wife, showing something of the result of a life of labor and toil. 182 HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The subject of this sketch was born in Acworth, Xew Hampshire, February 24, 1774. He was a lineal descendant, of the sixth gener- ation, of Solomon Keyes, who emigrated from England as early as 1653, as his name is found on the Newbury, Massachusetts, records of this date. Judge Keyes, as be was called, was without early educational priv- ileges, and, like many of his contemporaries, was being launched upon the world unaided and alone. He had a powerful frame, a well-baU anccd brain, and a sanguine temperament. At the age of fifteen he Btruck out into the busy world for himself, and, with his brother Fred- eric, went into the pine regions of Saratoga county and engaged in the lumbering business on North river. After some time he returned to New Hampshire, and in the jear 1796, November 20, married Miss Lucinda White, a young lady of more than ordinary ability. In the year 1799 he, in company with his brother, William Keyes, and Amos Stebbins, came by the way of Montreal and Kingston, and settled in the town of Rutland, this county, and their names are among the first, with one single exception, who purchased land in that town. Now settled with his wife and young son, Perley G. Keyes (whose portrait is found above this sketch), he began clearing off the forest, which to the men of that day was pastime. That part of the county was then known as Survey 3 of the " Black river tract." The town people being met together for town purposes, it waa agreed that he who should furnish liquor for the party should have the honor of naming the town. Mr. Keyes proposed to take the honor, and named the town Rutland. He was early appointed justice of the peace. Although with neither lawyer or school-master learning, he had that native talent and good sense that he acquitted himself as a conservator of the peace, and fitted him to be the leader of a political party in northern New York. In 1805 he was ap- pointed one of the judges of the county court with Joshua Bealls. In 1808 he was appointed sheriff of Jefferson County, and removed to Watcrtown in the fall of 1809, exchanging one hundred and thirty- five acres of land in the town of Rutland for fifty-five acres fronting OD Washington street, with Dr. Isaiah Massey, and getting $1000 to boot. He was appointed collector of the port ofSacket's Harbor in 181-f, and held the office for four years, and elected State senator the same year, and held that office for four years. Was re-elected for a second term in 1824. Becoming a member of the council of appointnu-nt. he began to exert that controlling influence in the politics of the State which made him the head and front of his party. In 1831 he was recommended by Martin Van Buren, Silas Wright, Jr., and others, to the office of governor of Wisconsin Territory, then about to be created. The political activity and firmness of Judge Keyes, for a long series of years, was only equaled by the remark- able clearness and power of his native mind. In this State there are few men whose services for his friends, in our heated and frequent conflicts, are to be remembered" with more gratitude or less regret than his. But the best evidence offered in his favor is thnt, in the midst i»f the most bitter conflicts, he twice returned to the legislature from a district where other Republican candidates failed. He was a plain, unassuming man. Such as he was he became, al- most untaught and unassisted, in spite of circumstances that might have been pleaded as an excuse for failure by men of less brain and stern, uncompromising will. He died in a fit of apoplexy, May 13, 1834, aged sixty years. Perlev G. Keyes, his son, was born in Acworth, New Hampshire, September 6, 1798, and resided in Watertown from 1809 until his death, November 25, 1856. He early espoused the cause of anti- slavery, and was among a half-dozen in the town to advocate its prin- ciples and vote for its measures. At the age of thirty-four he was admitted to practice in the courts of this State as a lawyer. He was a man of high personal integrity, rendering him scrupulously honest, warm in his affections, and social in his nature, which gave him many friends and an extensive acquaintance throughout the country. Ho connected himself with the Arsenal street church at the age of forty, and remained an active member of that body, and prominent in its councils, until his death. Perley G. married Laura, daughter of Garret and Sally Becker, of Watertown, March 7, 1824. She died June 8, 1828, aged twenty-three years. He married for his second wife Lydia, daughter of Allen and Gertrude Pearce, of East Bloomfield, New York, September 22, 1829. By his first wife he had two children, Richard G. and Laura. The daughter died in infancy. The son, Rev. Richard G. Keyes, occupies the old homestead on Washington street, the house being erected by Judge Keyes, his grandfather, in 1831. It may be added here that no picture of Judge Keyes was ever taken, but that he resembled very much his son, Perley G. Keyes, whose portrait is placed above this sketch. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 183 The suhjeot of this sketch was born in the ti>wh of Salisbury, Herkimer county. New York, March 4, 1812. His father was a well-to-do farmer. He remained at home, working upon the farm during his school vacations and sometime.s most of the summer, until he was seventeen years of age. when he left home to attend the Fairfield academy, and in a few years en- tered the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Western New York, located at Fairfield, and at that time the n\05t noted medical college north of Philadelphia. He remained at this place until January, 1834, when the college conferred upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Soon after he left his native county and located in the Black river country, forming a copartnership w^ith the late Dr. Ira A. Smith, of Evans' Mills, in this county. This business connection lasted for three years. Having in the mean time formed a more intimate , ])artnership with Miss Cornelia Slebbins, of Rutland, wiiich occurred May 24, 183(3, he was at the solicitatiims of relatives and friends induced to locate in that tnwn, where he remained following his profession for thirteen years and until the fall of 1849. Being elected clerk of the county, he removed to Water- town in December of that year, and entered upon the duties of that office January 1, 18-50. During his term a.s county clerk a movement was started to organize an insurance com- pany, to be exclusively devoted to the insurance of farm prop- erty, and, as he had at this time quite a large farming interest, he was induced to unite with others ai corporators of the " Agricultural Insurance Company," of Watcrtown, New York, which organization was ettectcd 1853, he being elected vice-president. As a student. Dr. Munson pursued his studies with great perseverance, graduating at the age of twenty-one years among the first of his class. As a physician, he enjoyed the respect of his professional brethren, and by his kindness and strict attention to business, combined with a well-cultivated medical ability, he endeared himself to the conimilnity in which he practiced his profession. As county clerk, he discharged his duties satisfactorily to the public, and during this time taking up the study of the law, rather as a necessity in connection with the duties as clerk, was at about the time of the close of his clerkship admitted to practice in all the courts of the State. The most eventful acts of his life are connected with his almost unparalleled success as the executive officer in the man- agement of the Agricultural Company, which success has laid the foundation for the large insurance interests of the city of Watertown, the investments of which are now counted by millions, and, in our opinion, is destined to be one of the most important interests of the county and to figure largely in its future history. No city in this State (nor probably in tlie United States) of its size can speak of so large investments in this business. And with the same energy and caution in the future there is no good reasif'''?^Zy' d^lUrp^ The subject of this sketch was bcirii in Warren county, New York, September 6, 1813. He was tlie son of David Dewey, who was of New England birtli, and whose forefathers eanie to America from Enghind about 1020. His inotlier, Polly, was a daughter of Benjamin Cole, of Rliode Island, who was a soldier in the battle of Lexington, and under General Washington when he defeated the Hessians at the l]attle of Trenton. Her forefathers were also of English birth. His father was in the battle of Plattsburg in the War of 1812, and when Hiram was only four years old removed to Washington county, and remained there until June, 182;j, when he with his family, consisting of liimself, wife, and eiglit <-liildren, re- moved to the town of Adams, .lett'erson County, New York. The father die! February, 182ns to his first purchase, until he had four hundred and sixty-four acres, occupied as two farms, with conuuodious buildings. For the first fifteen years after he came on to this farm he lived in the rude log house, and cleared oft' some two hundred and fifty aires ; and during the same years he was numbered among not only the representative men of his town, but also of the county, being asses.sor for one year, justice of the peace eight years, supervisor five years, anil county judge five years. In the year 18o;3 the " Watertown .\gricultural Fire In- surance Company" was chartered, Hiram Dewey being one of the charter members and stockholders of the company and one of its first directors, which office be holds at the present time. The increasing business of this company demanded the time of it.9 best men, and Hiram Dewey, retaining most of his real estate in the town of Orleans, removed to Watertown city, 1805, and gave his attention to the interests of the company, officially acting as general agent, which position he still tills. He is also a stockholder and director in the Watertown Fire Insurance company. His wife died September 17, 184o, since which time he has been married three times, and now has nine children living. In the year 1800, Mr. Dewey was chosen an elector from his congressional district to rcjiresent it in the electoral college at Albany, casting his vote for .\hraham Lincoln for president of the United States. A "Whig originally, upon the formation of the Kepiiblican party joini'd its ranks, and has since stood firm to its principles. At the age of twenty-one he united with the Baptist church, and retains his membership with that body, always contribu- ting liberally for the support of any enterprisi; looking to the religious and educational interests of society and the support of good society in his city. Hiram Dewey is classed by those who know him among those men who form the bone and sinew of good society in his county. .\n engraving of his residence and surroundings, located on the corner of Washington ami Paddock streets, will be found on the opposite page of this work. 186 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ^^^ ^ ^^^i^C-^^i^^ The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Steuben, Oneida county, New York", September 26, 1797. He was the son of Noadifth Hubbard, of New Engbind birth (Connecticut), who wivs a lineal desreiidant from (icnriie Hubbard, born IGK), emigrated from Knjibiiid IfiSO, settled in the New Knsrland States, married Miss Elizabeth Watts, dausliter of Richard Watts, Connecticut, and died 11)84. Of bis father's family there were eleven children, of whom he was the third son. His father was a farmer by occupation in middle life, but earlier was also a merchant in partnership with his brother Stephen. His mother, Eunice Ward, was a daughter of Ward, of New England birth (Connecticut), and of English descent. His father about the year 1703 removed from Con- necticut, and settled in Oneida county, but remained only a short time, and in advance of his family in the year 17!t7 he with David Starr and others came and took up timber land in the town of Champion, this county, and is said to be the Hrst man who chopped a tree in Jefferson County for the purpose of settlement, and consequently was its first settler. In 1790 he moved his family thither, and began a pioneer life in a trackless wilderness. Struggling with poverty and the hard- ships coincident with a new country, he carved out a fine property, raised a family of nine children, and gave them as much of an opportunity for an education as his means and the facilities for iditaining the same could afliird. His father died in June, 1850. His mother died in Novem- ber, 1849. He lived at home and worked on the farm with his father, going to school winters until about the time he was of age, and still remained at home until he was thirty-three years of age, and in the year 1830 married Mi.0. alludid to this interest as follows: "The best thing I saw in Watertown was the turnout of two thousand pcu]>Ic on a stormy night to hear a dry temperance lecture. The next best thing was a new portable sti-am-engino in- vented and manufactured by Hoard k Bradfnnl. The lime must come when every thrifty farmer with nearly every mefhanit' will ha\ r such an engine of his own, and chopping straw, turning grindstone, cutting wood, etc., will have ceased to be a manual, and become a mechanical, operation." The success of the enterprise carried on by this firm is known in every State of the Union. At the close of the war, 18tJo, the company known as the '' Portable Steam-Engine and Manufacturing Company, of Watertown, New York," succeeded the sole owner. Mr. Hoanl (Mr. Brailfurd having previously sold out hie interest), and elected Mr. Itradlord its superintendent and general J^^ manager, and afterwards taking the name of the " Watertown Steam- Engine Company." The name of Gilbert Bradford is associated with the coni])any as its president, which position he has held until 1870. Really, Mr. Bradtbrd was tlie originator of an enterprise that has reachetl every State in the Union, as well as neighboring countries, and awards have been given its propagators wherever this interest has been exhibited. Mr. Bradford has been married twice, — first, to Miss Adeline Thorn- ton, in the year IS 11, she ilying March 11, 1871; second, to Mrs. Myra Adams, widow of the late Ely S. Adams, lie is now in his sixty-fourth year, respected and honored by his fe!low-men. He has been a life-long Democrat, never taking an active jiart iu politics, or neglecting business for othcc or ]iolitical ])rererment. lie is one of the charter members ot the " Homestead l-'ire Insurance Company" of Watertown, and has been a director and a member of the execu- tive committee since the organization of the company. Mr. Bradford erected the suspension bridge over Black river, at 'Watertown; a sulistantial structure, wliich \\\\\ be a monument to his energy and ambition years after its projector has passed away. HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 180 — esC, ^^^^^-^ The subject uf this sketch was horn in tlie town of Rod- man, Jefferson County, Jauuaiy 12, 1820. He was son of James and Laura Ingalls. His father was a native of New Hampshire, and came to Rodman when only five years of age, and in the early years of this century, with his father. His mother was also a native of New Hamp- shire, and came to Jefferson County with his father about the same time. His father was of English descent, and his mother supposed to be of Scottish descent. Until the age of twenty he worked on a farm, a part of the time receiving liis education at common and select schools, and at the Black River religious and literary in.sti- tute at Watertown. Subsequently he entered the law-office of Lansing & Sherman, teaching school winters to liefraj' his necessary expenses. For twenty-live years or more ^Ir. Ingalls has been engaged in journalism at Watertown. In 1850 he founded the Watertown Refurmer, and ten years later the Daily Times of the same city. At present he is editor and proprietor of the Watertown Post. In 1809 he visited Colorado, and, in 1870, California. Always a Republican since the organization of the party, and previous to that a Free-soil Democrat, Mr. Ingalls has wielded large influence in tlie politics of northern New York, and has filled numerous places of public trust. He was a member of the county convention at which the Whigs and Free-soilere coalesced to form the Republican party of Jefferson County. Previous to that, in 1845, he held the office of town superintendent of schools in Water- town, and when the union system was adopted in 1807 he was made commissioner of city schools, and re-elected on the expiration of his first term. In 1864 he was delegated to procure the vote of the soldiers of Jefferson County, and in the performance of that duty visited the army of Vir- ginia both at City Point and in the Shenandoah valley, being in the latter locality two days after Sheridan's great victory there. In the campaign of 1872 he was chairman of the Republican county committee. He rendered im- portant service to the community where he resides by the active part which he took in promoting the construction of the Carthage and Watertown railroad, which has brought some of the most valuable sections of Jefferson County in communication with the centres of trade, and for four years he was director, secretary, and treasurer of the company. Through the newspapers and otherwise he has always been active in liehalf of such project,s of home improvements and public enterprise as have commended themselves to his judg- ment, being either in full sympathy with, or a little ahead of, public sentiment in this regard. He possesses the entire confidence of the citizens of his county, both because of his ability and .sound judgment and his ineomiptible in- tegrity. Mr. Ingalls was elected a member of the State legislature for 1876 by a majority of some five hundred and fifty-five over his Democratic opponent ; and, upon taking his seat in the capitol at Albany, did efficient service as chairman of the coniniittee on public printing, and member of com- mittees on State prisons and engrossed bills. In his public life he has not been much given to oratory, but, when the occiision required, was able to make a sensible, argumenta- tive, and well-directed speech. 190 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The subject of this sketch was born July 27, 1805, in the town of Manchester, county of Bennington, Vermont. He was sixth child and third son of Steplicu and Sally Boon, natives of the same place. In 1819 he came to Watcrtown with Klnathan Mattisun, and worlied on his farm until he was twenty-one years of age; the consideration for services being one hundred dollars, two suits of clothes, one pair of shoes, three months' schooling in winter. He so improved his oppor- tunity during the school months as to be able in 1825 to teach school in the winter, and also for two successive winters. At the age of twenty he purchased one acre of land in Water- town, upon which was a house and tannery, and for the next ten years opened and carried on quite a large and profitable trade in Canada, taking there boots, shoes, and teas, and sell- ing ; and often, on account of scarcity of money, being obliged to take stock in payment, which he brought to this side the St. Lawrence for sale. This trade proved very lucrative to Mr. Boon, and placed him in circumstances to branch out and make additions to his real estate in Watertown. In 18.34 he added thereto seventy-five acres of land, now in the city limits. Four years after the organization of the Democratic party, 1828, he cast his first vote for president of the ITnited States, voting for Andrew Jackson, and from th<> principles then adoptf'd he has lu'Ver swerved. In 1837, Mr. Boon had. In" his judicious numagement, sulli- cient means to control an interest in business circles. Erected a large hotel, now called City Hotel. In 18.37 he visited Chicago, this being the year of the great crash in banks, corporations, and general business. The time taken then to make the trip by steamboat, stage, horseback, anil on foot was eleven days; now the time is thirty hours. About this time lie took charge of the I'amelia mills, and ran thc'iu for the creditors of K. G. Smith. He was connected as stockholder and director of the Watertown bank for eight years from 1840. In the .same year he built his present resi- dence on corner of Stone and Benedict streets. In 1841, Mr. Boon gave his attention to building on his land, and altogether erected over one hundred houses, laid out several streets, erected a school-house in their midst, and hired a teacher at his own expense ; started a Sunday-school which has been kept up for upwards of twenty-five years, and to which interest Messrs. J. C. Sterling, Fred. Farwell, George B. Mas.sey, John Knowlton, and others, a.ssisted by Mrs. F. K. Farwell, Jlisses H. Hagar, A. M. Massey, M. Farwell, 8. K. Kice, have given much of their valuable time as instructors of the poor in gospel truth. By this enterprise the poorer classes of the village were enabled to secure a home cheap, and receive the advantages of both common-school and religious instruction. No one could have greater sympathy or ajipreciate the wants of the needy more than Mr. Boon, having passed through the same privations and endured similar hardships. Held in high esteem l)y his fellow-townsmen, Mr. Boon has been elected to several imjiortant ottices in connection with his village and county, and when superintendent of the poor, in 1846, was said to have managed the business greatly to the advantage of the county and for the benefit of the needy. In 1854 he received from the State the appointment of ap- praiser of bank mortgages, and still retains the office, and in many instances has been selected as administrator, executor, etc., of estates He was by necessity early schoer lia^. jiroved that all education does not come from l)ooks. . He lived at home and worked on the lann until hi- wa- twenty-seven years of age, and until lii> father had paid fur bis farm. Soon after heaving home, and in the year IH'2'2, he nutrried Miss Mary ]?artlett, born in (iraiiby, ^lassachusetts, February 2.j, 1700, and daughter of Kbene/.er Bartlett, of New Kngland birth, and whose ancestors weri' of English descent. At about the same time he purchased one hundred acres of land, which he began clearing and making tillable. He made additions to this from time to timi' until he had .some two hun- dred and seventy-five acres, a largo jiurt of which he f that church until the present time, looking ioneer life; respei'ted by all who know him as an honorable member of society; and to such men Jeffer.son County owes a debt of gratitude for its present thrift and prosperity. The portraits of himself and wife are placed above this sketch as a memorial to their relatives and friends, and especially for their niece, Mr>. .\m»dia .M. Webster, who cares for them in tbi'ir old age. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 193 J - ^, j^^^^^i^x/^j-t I was born December 20, 1808, at Browtiville, in this county. His father, the late Henry Brown, came into the Black River wilderness in May, 1799, at the age of fourteen years. His family and that of the late Major-General Jacob Brown emigrated together from near the city of Philadel- phia, Bucks county, Pennsylvania. They journeyed prin- cipally by water, and landed on the banks of the lilack river, at the locality of the present village of Brownville. Both families traced their origin to the same English an- cestry. In religious faith and worship they were Quakers, evincing a lively interest in everything relating to the origi- nal Quaker State, and e.specially to William Penn, with whom tlieir progenitors were contemporary. The subject of this notice was the oldest of five children. As soon as he was of sufficient age he was subject to a pa- rental mandate, never disobeyed, that he should attend school punctually each year, during the winter teim, and work on the farm througli the season of I'arm-labor. From the district scIiocjI he went to the academy at Belleville, and attended there two' years, the first under Charles Avery, now in a hale old age, professor in Hamilton College, and the second under George; W. Eaton, decesised, who was a professor in Madison University. From Union Academy he entered Union College, and graduated in 1834 with the maximum grade of ae(|uisition in standing and scholarship. Hon. Joseph Mullin, of this city, w;xs his room-mate, and Hon. George F. Comstock, of Syracuse, his class-mate in college. They also attended the academy with him ; and Mr. Mullin was a class-mate with him at the common school in Brownville, when both were in their boyhood. Immediately after graduating lie took charge of an academy, or high school, in Champion, in this county, con- 13 ducting it for four years with marked success throughout, as well for himself as for the patrons of the school. The course of study embraced the higher mathematics and the languages, as well as the usual primary branches. Several young men were prepared for college exclusively at this school, among them the late John P. Brown, who, at the time of his decease, w:is law-partner of Hon. Joseph Mul- lin ; Cyrus S. Brown, State senator of Missouri ; and Luther J. Dorwin, of this city, a prominent member of the legal profession, maintaining an extensive and effective practice, especially in the argument of cau.sos in the appellate courts of the State. Dr. Henry G. P. Spencer, a thoroughl3--read and skillful physiciau and surgeon of large, lucrative prac- tice, and Merritt Andrus, an extensive and successful busi- ness operator, both of this city, were students at this school. Also Ambrose Spencer, of the Sandwich Islands; Gustavus Spencer, residing south ; and George M. Brown and Alex- ander Brown, late of Carthage, both men of mental influ- ence and extended business relations throughout the county ; and also William E. Everett, of New York, an accompli.'ihed navy engineer, distinguished as a principal manager in the laying of the Atlantic cable, both in the first attempt and in the final success. These and many other young men, whose reputable achievements in their several callings have honored themselves not only, but the teacher of their young days, ac((uired the basis of future usefulness and creditable position at this institution, and they have hearty words of commendation for the old-time Champion school. Indeed, few schools of this region, in so brief a ]ieriod, secured better or larger results in training and educating young men for practical work in the business ai^d professions of actiyu life. 194 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. In the spring of 1838. Mr. Brown relin(|uished his .school in Champion, and took up his residence in the village, now city, of Watertown, where his first business was the study of the law. which ho pursued principally in the office of Sterling and Brouson, then in charge of Joseph Mulliu, Esq., just commencing practice. After a due course of stud}" he was admitted to practice in all the courts of the State, and soon afterwards in the United States courts. He entered into practice, but in the course of a few years circumstances directed his efforts into other channels. Mr. Brown has ever been an unswerving Democrat. As early as 1838 he "took the stump" for Isaac H. Bronson, then the Democratic candidate for Congress from the Jefferson County district. In every political campaign since that time he has, more or less, been called to the public forum in the discu.ssion of the various and sometimes grave ques- tions that have divided political parties. He has not con- fined his public utterances to politics, but he has delivered lectures and addresses on most subjects of interest, general or special, and of late years particularly on the subject of temperance. Few men in the county, except those whose professions make them public teachers, have been more ex- tensively or more acceptably engaged in addressing the people. In November, 1842, he married Mary Ann Symonds, daughter of Israel Symonds, late of this city, with whom he lived happily till her decease. December 5, 1875. To- gether they reared to maturity a family of four children, — Mary L., now wife of Dudley C. Redpath, of the city of Boston ; Israel S. Brown, an intelligent and accomplished printer, of this city ; Helen E., wife of George Hall, of Ogdensburgh ; and Fannie E. Brown, residing with her sister, 5Irs. Redpath. About the time of his marriage he was appointed super- intendent of schools for the county, adjudging and certify- ing as to the qualifications of teachers, and having a general supervision of the schools. He held the office two years, and during that time made an elaborate and extended re- port to Hon. Samuel Y'oung, State superintendent. It was considered one of the most valuable reports received at the department from the several counties. In November, 1844, he was elected a representative of the county in the State assembly, being one of the first candidates who adopted the southern and western custom of going personally before the people and addressing them throughout the canvass. In the legislature he took pro- nounced position as a ready debater and elo((uent speaker. The late Sherman Croswell, then assembly reporter for the Albany Argus, esteemed him, to use his own words, as the " best speaker in the Hou.se." Hon. Horatio Seymour, at that time speaker of tlie House, in his distribution of com- mittees appointed him chairman of the committee on col- leges, academies, and common schools, to whom was referred everything relating to the educational interests of the State. In that capacity he made a comprehensive report in writing, and, upon his reading the report in the a.ssembly, that body directed a large number of extra copies to be printed for distribution. In the congressional convention of 184G he was a candi- date for Congre-ss against Hon. Orville Hungerford, who defeated him by a small majority, after a sharp, severely- contested canvass. A short time previous to this Mr. Brown had commenced the publication of a weekly news- paper called the Demncralic Uniun, which he conducted as editor and proprietor, with a single interval, till 1855. His editorials were very extensively copied throughout the State, especially by the leading papers. They embraced mo.st sub- jects within the legitimate range of newspaper discussion. In 1847 he' was elected surrogate of the county, — the first under the constitution of 1846, — and held the office four and a half ^ejirs, being the time appointed by the con- stitution as the duration of the fii-st term. In 1849 he was a delegate to the famous State Conference Convention at Rome. That convention had two wings, — the " Hunker" and the " Barnburner." The wary New Y'^ork statesman, William L. ilarcy. was president of the former, to which Mr. Brown was a delegate. Hon. James F. Starbuck was a delegate from this county to the latter. They were two separate conventions ; they were in session several days, — the object being to effect a union of the two fac- tions of the party. They were notably successful at the time; but the union did not last. In 1854 he was the candidate nominated by his party for representative in Con- gress from the district composed of Jefferson and Lewis counties. He managed his own canvass, addressing public meetings through the district. The " Hunkers" and " Barn- burners ' had resumed the attitude of distinct organizations, and, there being three candidates, Mr. Brown was defeated, though running about 1500 in advance of his ticket. Fre- <|uently delegated bj' his party to various conventions, Mr. Brown was a delegate to the national convention at Cincin- nati in 1856. In 1858 he was elected justice of the peace of the town of Watertown. Since that time he has held the office and discharged its duties without interruption or vacation, firet in the town, and then in the city after its organization, having been elected every four years, — some- times the only one elected on his party ticket, and once by only two majority. He has thus been in the public service as justice nearly twenty years, and he holds the office at this writing. During this period he has been much of the time justice of sessions, elected by the county, and being associate judge of the county sessions. In 1867 he was nominated by the Democratic party for clerk of the county. The Republican majority was about 2000, while the major- ity over him was 1005. In 18G9 his party again nomi- nated him, — this time for State senator. He was again beaten, though running largely ahead of his ticket. For forty years Mr. Brown has uniformly maintained the reputation of a terse and vigorous writer, and a ready, elo(iuent sjjcaker, and not longer ago than the late Centennial celebration of the Fourth of July he delivered an oration which, in the estimation of good judges, is seldom surpassed. Abo\it eleven years ago he became a member of a tem- perance organization, and ever since he has sustained the cause of total abstinence, — often in stirring, earnest words, sometimes with his pen, and always by an uiideviating practical example. A few years after, he united with the Protestant Episcopal communion, receiving the rite of con- firmation, and being admitted to mcmbei-ship in Grace church of this city, and continuing steadfastly in its Jellowshij). HISTORY OF JEFFKKSON COUNTY. NEW YORK. 195 Dr. Crawe's superior jirofessional attainments and high social position entitle him to a prominent place in the rec- ords of the county. Ilavinu; Iwcn a man of mark in his life, his sudden decease, while yet in his prime years, cre- ated a corresponding void, especially in the immediate com- munity where his worth and work were known and appre- ciated. Few men in pursuit.-j not a.ssociated with official service, civil or militar\', leave a record more creditable in achievement or more unsullied in character. It was a record that awakened no regrets on the part of his living friends, nor detracted from their cherished memory of the dead. Such a man deserves the most generous of all trib- utes, the tributes of the heart. Ithamar B. Crawe was born in Enfield, Connecticut, June 11, 1792. His father, David Crawe, was a direct descendant of the Plymouth Roek Pilgrims, and a captain in the War of the Revolution. The mother's maiden name was Sally Bingham. There were six children : Sally, Da- vid, Justus, Ithamar Bingham, Isaac Morris, and Lucretia. In 1802 the family removed to Madison county, New Y^ork. From his youth Dr. Crawe evinced a pa.ssiiin for the collec- tion and study of plants, and having fuilid in health in ISll, he devoted some years to his favorite pui-suit. In 1817 he made two successive fishing-voyages to New- foundland, from whirli he returned with restored health. The next year he commenced the study of his profe.«.-iion with Dr. Hastings, of Clinton, Oneida county. In 1821- 22 he attended lectures at tlie New Y^ork University, and in April, 1822, ho was licensed to practice medicine, receiv- ing his diploma from the celebrated Dr. Jlott. In the same year he engaged in the practice of his profe-ssion in Water- town. About the year 18!!G he was cmjiKjyed in the super- intendence of certain mining operations in Lubec, Nova Scotia. Afterwards he resided several years in Pontiac, Michigan, when he again settled in Watertown in the suc- cessful practice of his profession, not relinquishing, how- ever, his researches in botany and mineralogy. A short time previous to his decease. Professor Gray, of Cambridge college, communicated to Dr. Crawe that he would like to obtain from him some specimens of botany that were to be found on the borders of Perch lake, in this county. Having occa-sioti to visit a patient near the locality, and after attending to his professional duties, Dr. Crawe procured a boat and two men to assist him. Tliey pro- ceeded to the marshes bordering the lake, and the doctor filled his specimen-book with a selection of rare plants and flowers, congratulating himself, no doubt, on being able to comply with the re(|uest, and thus to gratify the cultivated taste of his distinguished friend, tlie Camhritlgc professor. About 6 P.M. they started on their return across the lake, and when within about twenty rods of the shore for which they were making the boat filled and capsized. The two men reached the land, — one by clinging to the boat, and the other by swimming ; but the doctor, though an excellent swimmer, bearing himself bravely up till quite near the shore, finally went down beyond a rescue. Thus suddenly and sadly the light of a valuable life went out. His body was recovered the next day. and taken to a home made des- olate by the cru.shing affliction. The sympathies of a sor- rowins community were deeply moved. His funeral was very largely attended, under the direction of the Masonic fraternity, of which he was an estimable and valued member. 196 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Many men einiiiunt in science, who were fond of study- injr Natural History by reading nature herself from the glowing pagos written by her own creating hand, frequently visited Dr. Crawe. The most proficient of them could learn, not only fiom his conversation and extensive fund of information, but from his comprehensive and admirably- selected cabinets, especially of botany and mineralogy. Professor Gray was among the number, and it was natural that he should solicit, one whom he knew to be an adept to make the search which induced Dr. Crawe to go on this fatal errand. In 1846 the iKjnorary degree of Doctor of Medicine was conferred upon I>r. Crawe by tlie regents of the University, on the recommendation of the State Medical Society. This honor is awarded to no physician who is not distinguished for erudition and skill in his profession. Only fifty-three physicians in the State received that degree from 1827 to, and including, 184(1, an — •• GORDON P. The subject of tliis sketch wa.9 born in Salisbury, Litch- field Co., Conn., April 29, 1789. Ho was the son of Eli- phaz Spencer, a lineal descendant of the 6fth generation of William Spencer, who, with his two brothers, Thomas and Jared, were among the first settlers of Hartford, Conn. William was at Cambridge as early as 1C31, and at Hart- ford in 1639, being a Representative in 1G34-35. He was of English birth. The father of Gordon P. Spencer was a farmer by occupation, possessing all that urbanity of manner and acumen that characterized the early settlers of the New England States. His mother was the daughter of Thomas and Margaret Hall, of East Haddani, Conn., — a lady of worth, deriving from family position that influence which, joined with personal aetjuirements, gave weight to her character. He received private instruction in early life under the supervision of Rev. Joseph Crossman and Ammi L. Robbins, the former of his native town, the latter of Norfolk. He entered Williams College in 1807, and graduated from that institution with honors. He then began the stud}' of medicine with Dr. North, of Goshen, and concluded with the famous Dr. Lee, of New London, obtaining his diploma from the Medical Society of New London in 1812. This being about the time of the breaking out of hostilities between Great Britain and the United States, he obtained a commission from the Secretary of War, General Arm- strong, to enter the army, and was ordered to report to the SPENCER, M.D. colonel of the Eleventh Infantry Regiment. He remained at his post with the regiment from that time until the close of the war, and actively partici)iated in the sanguinary campaign in Canada, in which Lundy's Lane and Chippeway figured so conspicuously, and under date of July 6, 1814, wrote to his parents as follows : " Yesterday was fought at Lundy's Lane a battle desperate and sanguinary as any re- corded in the annals of the old world. Although I have fully attested my skill in surgery with almost miraculous success, still, I find my.solf wanting in words to portray my feelings while witnessing the horrors of the scene. I dressed the wounds of two British officers, who during the whole time loaded me with imprecations, protesting that death was preferable to capture." . . . lie wrote again soon after the blowing up of Fort Erie, as follows : " How thankful I am for parents ever alive to the slightest incident that concerns my prospects, my health, my morals, and, above all, my devotion to that Being to whom you say you have committed your son !" Soon after the catastrophe at Fort Erie the army went into winter quarters, and the doctor was engaged in the hospital at Sacket's Harbor. The news of peace was received, and Dr. Spencer, on his way to his native State, being called to a.ssist Dr. Durkee, of Champion, in attending a man who had his leg crushed, made arrangements with that gentleman for a partnership, upon which he entered after he had visited his parents and sister at home. Returning to Champion, he 198J HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. began practice with Dr. Purkee. and the following year married Miss Deborah Mailer}', of Rutland, but formerly of Litchfield county. Conn., a lady well calculated to facili- tate his well-doinfr, as she possessed all that prudence so re(|uisite in conducting his affairs during his absence, and iu directing the studies of his four sons, all of whom are yet living. Dr. Sjiencer was a man of indefatigable perse- verance, endured all kinds of weather to meet and administer to the wants of the suffering or the sacrifices he was con- stantly called upon to make. He had an extended practice, which led him into Lewis, Oneida, Oswego, St. Lawrence counties, and Canada. Few of the children of the present day know anything of the privation and hardships their parents endured and the sacrifices they made in the early settlement of the country. The books on which he kept his accounts since 1815 show over four thousand names and over thirty thousand dollars for which he received no remuneration, and for which none i* ever expected. During the forty-two years he remained in Champion he had over two thousand cases of accouchement without losing a single ])atient ; and in the whole time only absented himself from his practice to visit his native town. He rode one horse over twenty years, and until, it is said, the faithful animal was acquainted with the geography of the county for miles around. His consulting practice was large, and he was universally considered by the physicians of the county contemporary with him an excellent diagnostician, and very clear and correct in his ideas and treatment. He loved his profession, and his devotion to it for the good he might do often led him to send able and remunera- tive calls to neighboring physicians, while be would go to administer to the afflicted family of some indigent person wholly unable to pay for his services, and therefore unable to procure other professional aid. The poor were always his first care. He was essentially humanitarian and benevo- lent. In his practice his rule was never to amputate ex- cept as a last resort, or only to save life. He early recog- nized the truth of the saying, that the physician should be the minister and interpreter of nature. He ever studied the welfare of the sick and afflicted, ready and willing at all times to make any personal sacrifice of his means, com- fort, and health for their benefit. Ho spent many years of his life on horseback, often sloe]iing while he rode, as ex- hausted nature demanded a certain amount of rest, and no other opportunity was afforded, as for many years he averaged eighteen out of twenty-four hours on duty. By his extensive practice for more than forty years the great variety of his cases taxed largely his skill and ingenuity as a physician, and as " necessity is the mother of invention," he devised and iiad made by the mechanics of his section instruments heretofore unknown, and of such importance as to be adopted into general practice, and are now universally used by the profession throughout the civilized world. He was a conservative man in all his conduct, — social, political, and pmfossional. He was public-spirited and charitable, always interpreting favorably all acts of his neighbors and brother physicians rather than criticising thcni. lie was largely identified with and a strong advo- cate of the public school system, and contributed liberally to educational entei-prises. For years he, with his aceus- tcmtd liberality, hired teachers for the select school at Champion, always choosing the best that could be procured, guaranteeing to them a certain liberal compensation, and obligating himself to supply any deficiency that remained after the payment of the tuition-fee of the scholars, thus for years providing the means of good educational advan- tages to the youth of his own and adjoining towns. And in this connection, we may add that too much praise can- not be bestowed upon the generous enterprise and benevo- lence of the Masonic Fraternity for their aid in building and donating the free use, for school purposes, of a fine and substantial two-story stone temple of education, which still remains a monument to their public-spirited liberality. In personal appearance Dr. Spencer was, in middle life, six feet tall, erect in his carriage, of rather slender build, with small bones, and a sinewy frame. His hands and wrists, feet and ankles, being small and finely formed. His fiice was thin, and, though intellectual, could scarcely be termed handsome ; complexion, fair and healthy; eyes, bright blue, mild and benevolent in their expression ; fore- head, high, broad, and well rounded ; head, somewhat bald. Countenance quiet, with infrequent smiles, showing deep and constant thought, amounting to almost entire abstrac- tion ; lips, thin and compressed, denoting great firmness of purpose. He was a believer in Christianity, not only by inheritance and the influence of early teaching and example, but from conviction. Although a despiser of hypocrisy, he had the most profound respect for the true and exemplary Christian. His temper was even and his disposition amiable and full of good will towards all. He was ardent in his affections and friendships, and forgiving in his resentments. He had a high sense of honor, a manly independence of character, and thoroughly despised anything base or mean. The noble faculties of his mind were only excelled by the virtues of his heart. He enjoyed uninterrupted good health until 18r»4, when he was seized by a malignant congestive fever, and it was nearly four months before he was able to resume his practice. Feeling his health would not permit him to comply with the numerous calls, encroaching upon duty to himself, he changed his residence to Watertown in the summer of 1857, where he remained to the close of his life, March 25, 1859. He never sought political prel'erment, and his favorite adage was, " Oue self-approving hour whole hours outweigh of stupid starers and of loud huzzas." In habits he was tenqierate in every sense of the word, using neither .spirituous liuuors nor tobac CO 111 any form. In the winter of 1858, worn out with fatigue, exposure, and sleepless nights, tired nature began to give way. Before his dis.solution he often requested that an autopsy be made of his body, that the tnie condition of his heart might be known, as ho was suffering and dying of heart-disease. Love of offs])ring seemed the only unbroken link that bound him to earth, and though he expressed his confidence in the atoning blood of Christ and a cheerful resignation to his will, yet the desire to see his absent .sim, whose return was daily hoped for, was the last earthly passion that occupied his mind. HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 199 .Ju(l;;r Tlioinpscm was born ill liiirliniiton, Otsego coiintv, N. Y., whoro his boyhood was spent in worliinjjon liis father s (William Thompson) farm and devoting his leisure hours to study. The first years of his manhood were occupied in teach- ing school in Oswego, Madison, and other counties. So thor- oughly did he master the text-books then used that he could ro])eat their entire contents witliout hesitation. His memory, naturally good, was so trained by his experience as a teacher, that when he entered the law he was able to retain minute points, even in lengthy eases, without an oversiglit oran error. He studied law in Auburn, N. Y., with Judge Gridlcy, and was admitted to the bar m 1834. He then removed to Adams in 1837, where he entered the law-office of Judge Chittenden. During the years he lived there his sterling qual- ities became well known, commanding for him the respect and confidence of all. His influence in the southern portion of the county, ])articularly in the towns of Adams, Ellisburg, Rodman, and Lorraine, enabled him to ]irevail against any political opponent. When in his prime he was their leader as well as counselor ; few men excelled him in argument or ability. He never addressed a jury where he failed to impre.«s u])OM them his honesty of purpose and desire to have impartial justice sustained. In 1842 he married Miss Antoinette Chittenden, daughter of Judge Chittenden. The union proved a most happy one, blessed as it was with seven children, three of whom — two daughters and a son — are now living. In 1852, the family removed to this city, and have since lived here, enjoying the educational advantages and social o|iportiiiiities which a large town affords. Judge Thompson was elected county judge in 1851, and took his seat on the bench on the first of January the succeed- ing year. He held the position for two terms, and so high was his sense of honor that his interpretation of his duties would not admit of the reference of su]iplementary or sum- mary proceedings; he heard them without additional pay. He was far from being a contentious man, usually advising his clients to avoid getting into law, if possible. Many thought and spoke of him as "The Peacemaker." In the course of his life he settled, or amicably adjusted, more suits than he ever carried into the courts. When we consider that to do this he was compelled to sacrifice prospective fees, we begin to realize, in a slight degree, what manner of man he was. During the war he was active in advancing every scheme that would benefit the Union cause. He frequently addressed the ]ieople, to bring them to a true ajijireciation of the great principles at stake. In his latter years he has devoted much time to the fitting up of his grounds and the cultivation of fruit. AVlien relieved from his office cares his time was spent in his garden, where he watched tlie wonderful transformations of Nature with a never-failing interest. As a rule all men, as they advance in life, become more careful observers of the natural beauties surrounding them. "One of the most common, yet, when considered, one of the most touching characteristics of reced- ing life, is in its finer percejition of externa! nature. You find men who, in youth and middle age, seeming scarcely to notice the most striking features of some unfamiliar landscape, become minutely observant of the rural scenery around them when the eye has grown dim and the step feeble. They detect more quickly than the ]iainter the delicate variations made by the lapse of a single day in the tints of autumnal foliage ; they will distinguish, among the reeds by the river-side, murmurs that escape the dreamy ears of the poet." So wrote Bulwer in his " Caxt(^niana," and it aptly describes the observing habits of our Judge Thompson, whose chief pleasure in his declining years was in horticultural pursuits. No member of the bar was more universally respected. His life was a great success, not in the accumulation of an immense property, but in building up a reputation such as the mere possession of wealth cannot give. His good name is left to his family, and it is an inheritance of which they may feel justly proud. He died January 12, 187G, in his sixty-sixth year. His son, William C, has entered the law-office of Hon. X. Whiting, with whom his father was a partner. His daughters, Nettie E. and Nellie C, have enjoyed the advantages of the best schools of their native city, and are graduates of the same. -'00 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ^^yJ^^ /M^'O/nr^^ The root of John Wioslow's ircnoalogical tree runs back to the days of the Puritans seven generations to Kenelui Winslow, a brother of Governor Edward Winslow, the first governor of Plymouth colony. John had many character- istics that indicated his Puritan origin. He bore himself steadfastly in whatever course he had murked out to pursue, moving onward with a well-defined purpose, and always act- ing from the promptings of his judgment and convictions. He was never borne away from the rock of principle on which he had placed himself by any sudden passion or im- pulse. His life, therefore, from boyhood to the ripe age of seventy-one years, flowed on in a strong, steady current, undisturbed by those adverse elements of mental constitu- tion that make the lives of many men a never-ending sea of trouble. Without attempting to follow the ancestral line forward from the original progenitor in this country, we will simply record that Samuel Winslow, the father of John, was liorn in Warwick, Massachusetts, April 21, 17G5, from whence in his childhood he removed with his parents to Ponifret, in the State of Vermont, where they died. John's grand- mother's maiden name was Goodspccd. His father, Samuel, married Lucy Frasier in 1794, and the twain commenced their life partnership at Woodstock, Vermont, where John, tlie fifth child, was borji to them December l!l, 1S(I2. His parents, eleven j'ears after their marriage, in May, 1807, removed from Woodstock to the Black river country, then comparatively a wilderness. They settled on a forest- covered farm, two and three-fourths miles from the present city of Watertown. The road passing through the farm, and on which the farm building's are situated, is known as the Smithville or Field Settlement road. There was no road between the farm and the village of Watertown at that time. The dwelling into which the family moved was constructed of logs. The loft, which was the sleeping-apartment of the children, was open to the storm, and soon after the arrival of the family, in the night-time, a heavy storm came on, and John related that his mother covered himself and brother, to shield them from it, with a half skin. His boy- hood surnwndings were those of a pioneer life. The howl of the wolf, prowling in the darkness of the night in the forest surrounding the humble dwelling, was a sound familiar to his ear. On that farm he spent his days, except the last five or sis years of his life, during which ho resided in the city of Watertown. He had but limited facilities for education, attending school for a few weeks on two or three different occiusions, completing his education, so far as the schools were concerned, with one term at the academy at Lowville, Lewis county. On October 18, 1827, at the age of twenty-five years, he was married to Betsey Collins, daughter of John Collins, who at that tim(! lived about a mile and a half from the then village of WatiTtown, on what is known as the Beaver Meadnw mad. Five children were born of this marriage, namely: Lucy J., wife of G. W. Candee, Esq., Bradley, Norris, Jennie C, wife of Dr. H. B. Maben, and Bessie, wife of Rc'V. E. How, of the Central New York Conference of the Methcidist Episcopal Church. The three first-named reside in the city of Watertown, Jennie C. resides at Utica, and Bessie resides at Elmira, New York. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 201 John Winslow, in his early manhood, was interested in the condition and srrowtii of the eomuiuiiity with which he had grown to man's estate, and in whicii he lived. January 19, 1826, he wa.s commissioned ensif:n of light infiintry in the 76th regiment of infantry by Gov. De Witt Clinton. The next year he was promoted to be lieutenant, and com- missioned by Gov. Clinton. Sept. 26, 1828, he was furtlier promoted to the position of captain, and comTiii.ssioned a.s such by Lieutenant-Governor Nathaniel I'itcher, acting governor of the State, in the same regiment. His mother died August 26, 1826, and his father died Dec. 21, 1832. About three years after the death of his father he purcha.scd the interest of the other heirs in the homestead farm, which, with a small number of acres adjoining, and on which he had resided since his marriage, comprised a farm of about two hundred acres. At his father's death three sisters and himself were all that survived of his fiithcr's family of eight children. To raise money to purchase the interest of the heirs in his father's cstjite a mortgage had to be put upon the fiirm, and to the extinguishment of that mortgage, and to provide for his increasing and growing family, he diligently devoted his best energies. Prosperity attended him. Rut the quiet course of events with him was suddenly inter- rupted, and a great shadow fell upon him in the death of his wife. The life of this amiable, intelligent. Christian wife and mother came to a close at the age of thirty-seven years. The five children were all too young to realize tliat in that mother's death there was a loss to them, as well as to him, irreparable. Standing beside her open grave, the husband and father, with his mind filled with a sense of his terrible bereavement, his voice trembling with emotion, said that he had followed to their last resting-places father, mother, brothers, and sisters, all save one of his father's family, but no one of those afflictions had occasioned such intense sorrow as the parting forever in this world from his dear wife. Mr. Winslow was called to different civil positions by the suffrages of his fellow-citizens. He was several years assessor of his town, four years supervisor, was elected to the Legislature in 1849. (The daguerreotype from which the portrait at the head of this sketch was made was taken that year, when he was forty-eight years old. ) Sub- sequently he was ten years one of the commissioners of excise for Jefferson County. He took a deep interest in agriculture, and fir many years was an active member of the Jefler-son Countj' Agri- cultural Society ; was president of the society in 1853. For several years previous to his death he was a director and vice-president of the Agricultural Insurance Company, an institution devoted to the insuring of farm property. Sir. Winslow was again married May 23, 1844, to Miss Sarah Bates, daughter of Merrick Bates, Esq., of Houn.s- field, who still survives him. By this marriage he had one son, John, born May 21, 1845, who resides at Water- town and is a hardware merchant. Mr. Win.slow was thoroughly domestic in his tastes and habits. He took a deep interest in the welfare of his children ; was ready at all times to assist them by his coun- sels, and in a pecuniary way when necessary. He watched their cour.se in life with tenderest solicitude. His life was free from every species of vice and immorality, his daily walk being a continuing precept and example of integrity and uprightness. He died at his home in the city of Watertown, July 7, 1874, in the presence of his wife and children and other relatives and sympathizing friends, after a brief illness, of congestion. A large concourse of his neighbors and fellow-citizens attended his funeral. His re- mains were interred in Brookside Cemetery, where a plain granite shaft — granite from Massachusetts, the home of his ancestors — marks his last resting place. BRADLEY WINSLOW. Incidents in the life of an individual are, in a large de- gree, an index to character. Ordinarily, circumstances do not more make the man than man the circumstances. Many times, it is true, famous people are made such by the exceptional occurrence of events. Notably, as an instance, is this true of General Grant ; for it is universally be- lieved that but for the hapjiening of the great Rebellion General Grant would have lived and died comparatively an obscure citizen. In that great crisis of the nation's career the opportunities were found for the development of those characteristics that have made him one of the most illus- trious men of his time. To become prominent as a citizen, and wield large influence in an educated and intelligent community, is a certain mea.sure of success, indicating high capabilities and characteristics which justly entitle the pos- sessor to lionorable mention in the chronicles of the locality in which he lives. The subject of this sketch, though yet in middle life, fills such a position. Bradley Winslow was born August 1, 1831, at the home of his father, the late lion. John Wins- low, on the Winslow homestead, 2J miles from the city of Watertown. His facilities for education, in the early years of boyhood, were such as the district school afforded, — at- tending school for the first time at the .school-house in the Graves neighborhood, about midway between his father's house and the then village of Watertown. His first teacher he remembers as Miss Mary Ann Stevens. The school district in that neighborhood having been discontinued, he • attended several seasons the district school at Fields' Settle- ment, and was successively under the tuition of Miss MeWayne, a sister of Andrew MeWayne. Esq., of the town of Cape Vincent, W'illiam Scoville, Hon. Chas. A. Benjamin, of this county, and H. H. Smith, at present one of the Board of Education of the city of W^atertown. When fourteen years old the brightness of Mr. Winslow's boy- hood days was clouded by the untimely death of his mother, who was an amiable, intelligent. Christian woman. Although too young at her death to fully appreciate the value of such a mother's influence, he has never ceased to deplore her loss or to feel that had she lived her influence would have made his life brighter, better, and happier. March 21, 1847, he lefl his paternal roof and went to reside with Hon. W^illard Ives, his uncle by marriage with his father's sister, Charlotte. Working through the sum- mer on the farm on which Mr, Ives then lived, he at- tended with him, in September of that year, the State fair 202 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. at Saratoga Sprinirs, and saw for the first time, at Rome, New Y^ork, the locomotive-engine and railway-car. About the 1st of December of the same year he was sent by his uncle to the seminary at Cazemivia, where he nnnaiiied until the next spring. Returning, he worked during the summer on the farm and went back to the same seminary in the fall, and remained through the winter. In this way he spent alternate summers and winters on the farm of his uncle and at Cazenovia for two years. The winter of 1850 -51 he attended school at Falley Seminary, in the village of Fulton, Oswego county. Then, remaining home until the fall wf 1852, he entered as a student at Wyoming Seminary, where he remained during the school year. Re- turning home, he went to work on the farm near the village Mr. Winslow was maiTied Nov. 15, 1855, to Miss Ger- aldine M. (,'ooper, daughter of John C. Cooper, of Adams. There are a son and two daughters the offspring of this union. The son, John Cooper Winslow, has recently graduated from Dartmouth College, and is pursuing the study of the law in the office of his father. January 1, 1S5U, Mr. Winslow opened a law-office on Court street, in what was then known as the Peck block. In the spring of the same year he associated with L. J. Bige- low in law ]jractici>, under the firm-name of Winslow & Bigelow, conducting business in the same place. In the fall of 1859 was elected district attorney, entering on the duties of the office January 1, 18G1. Served as district attorney until ISlil, meantime conducting some important of Watertown where his uncle now resides. Though reasonably skilled in tlie manual labor of the farm, the prospect of the future as a farmer did not seem inviting, and he entered upon the study of the law in the office of Hon. James F. Starbuck in the fell of 1853, at the age of twenty-two. He pursued the .study of the law with Mr. Starbuck till the fall of 1854, when lie entered the law- school at Poughkoepsie, where he remained until the Tiext spring. Returning to Mr. Starbuck's office, he continued studying until July, when he was admitted at a general term of the Supreme Court, lu>ld at the Woodruff House, as attorney and counselur in all the courts of record in the State. He remained witii Mr. Starbuck until January 1, 1856. criminal trials with success, notably the trial of Sprague, for murder, who was defended by John Clark with the earn- estness and great ability which charaelerized that gentle- man's efforts in behall' nf hi> clients. Mr. Winslnw's sum- ming up ill that case to the jury, foi' so young a man, was warmly commended by those who heard him. The trial was conducted in Washington Hall, wliieli was crowded to its fullest cajiacity during the dcising scenes. The .sjiring of IStil. memorable evermore as the opening of the great drama of our civil war, found Mr. Winslow a member of the Black River Corps, a military organization of the villagi? of Watertown. Engrossed in tlie pursuits of civil life, he could not at once grasp the idea that the citizen soldier was summoned to the scene of actual and HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 203 I bloody war. But shortly after tlie news came of the tiring upon Fort Sumter, Mr. Wiuslow met John A. Haddock in the Paddock Arcade, who, with some asperity of tone, asked what the Black River Corp.s intended to do in the emergency, remarked that the organization was in the way of other j)eople going to the help of the government. Mr. Winslow felt keenly from that moment that a responsibility rested upon liiin, and within an hour afterwards sought Captain Potter, in command of the corps, and urgently appealed to him to call a meeting of the members and as- certain their feelings with reference to offering their services to the country. Captain Potter was averse to the war at first, but so far yielded as to sanction the calling a meeting of the corps. Such a meeting was soon held, with the result that the corps would not go as an organization, but a company was organized in which a large number of the members of the old corps enlisted. Captain Potter was elected captain, and Mr. Winslow first lieutenant. The company proceeded to Elmira, one of tlie depots for the assembling of State troops, where a regiment was or- ganized, mostly of Jefferson County troops. William C. Brown was elected and commissioned colonel, and Captain Potter was commissioned lieutenant-coloneh On the pro- motion of Captain Potter, Lieutenant Winslow was elected and commissioned captain, and, holding this position, de- parted with the regiment early in July. 1801, for the seat of war, taking up the line of march through Baltimore, over the very ground hallowed only a short time previous with the blood of the sons of Massachusetts. Captain Winslow's company had the right of the regiment, and was first in the column of march. On the resignation of Lieu- tenant-Colonel Potter, in July or August, same year. Cap- tain Winslow was promoted lieutenant-colonel. In October following, while the Thirty-fifth Regiment was encamped near Falls Church, Virginia, Lieutenant-Colonel Winslow, in command of a scouting-party which had penetrated to the rear of the rebel outposts, surprised a reserve pickets post, and captured, up a tree. Lieutenant H. J. Segal, of Stuart's Cavalry. This incident was illustrated in Franh Leslie s Illustrated Xeirspuper. under date of October 2(5, ISGl. A few weeks later, while in command of another scouting-party, he surprised another picket-post near the same place. A rebel liorseman, disobeying the order to surrender, was wounded, and his horse killed. So near did the party penetrate to Fairfax that they distinctly heard the " long roll" beaten at that place, where a large force was stationed. These incidents of the soldier's life have been alluded to because in the breasts of the few battle-scarred veterans who still survive, and who once in awhile meet in civil life t(i talk over the martial exploits in which they participated, they will revive pleasant memories of those heroic days. Colonel Winslow was with his regiment in the march to. the relief of General Banks at the battle of Cedar Moun- tain, arriving on the field in time to cover tlie retreat. He took part on that retreat in the skirmish at Rappahannock Station, and in the battle of second Bull Run. I'uringthat campaign Colonel Winslow contracted typhoid fever, which so impaired his health that he resigned from the service in December, 1862, and received an honorable discharge. His health becoming restored, when the call in 1864 for uOO,000 men was issued, he assisted to raise the 186th Regiment N. Y. v., and in September of that year was commissioned and mustered into service again as colonel of the regiment. The regiment, soon after its organization, joined the army of General Meade, then making its la.st great campaign against the rebel army under General Lee, and w;xs assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Ninth Corps. During the remainder of the campaign the regiment was actively engaged in the trenches on picket duty in the lines before Petersburg; took part in the afiair of the 31st of October, in the attempt to force the Weldon railroad. On the morninsr of the 2d of April, Colonel Winslow's regi- ment led the attack upon the fortification known as Fort Mahono, in front of Petersburg, and, in a gallant charge, captured the work. In an attempt to get po.ssession of still another fortification to the left, and in the same line with the one already taken. Colonel Winslow fell, shot through the body, — a minie-ball entering between the lower ribs on the right side, and coming out to the left of and near the spine. On the 13th of June following. General S. G. Griffin, who was the commander of the 2d Brigade, and who on the 2d of April succeeded Major-General Potter (the latter being wounded) to the command of the 2d Division, addressed General Winslow a letter, from which we have been per- mitted to make the following extract : IlEADguARTBns Skco.nd Division, Ni.nth Army Coki'S, Ale.xandria, Va., June \?; 1865. My iiKAK Colonel, — It is with sincere pleasure that I inform you that I have recommended your ])romotion to tlie rank of Brijjadier- General by brevet for bravery and galhmt conduct on tlie tield at the assault on the enemy's lines in front of Petersburg. April 1,'. IS*).'). . . . ... I am very happy, Colonel, to make this acknowledgment of your meritorious services as commander of your regiment, and of the gallant and judicious manner in which you handled your regiment in my presence during the engagement of the 2d of April, — an cngiige- ment that will be forever memorable in our nation's history. With sincere esteem, I have the honor to be yours, etc.. S. G. tiltlFFlX, jirti/urivate affairs he was e.xact, he was also rigidly honest. No deceit or guile ever found utterance, but manful uprightness char- acterized all his transactions. As a politician he was a conservative, .shrewd and calculating; a man of but few words, but many thoughts. The Democratic party achieved many victories under his leadership, and were beaten but seldom. His plans were carefully laid and vigorously ex- ecuted, his influence Wiis exercised without effort, and he con- trolled without being felt. * * * In his private character he was exemplary, generous, and friendly. In his public bestowments, munificent. Institutions of learning received liberal indorsements from his generosity." While in Con- gress he was appointed, at the first session of his first term, on the committee of Revolutionary Pensions and on Ac- counts, and the business tact and ability which he displayed raised him high in the estimation of his associates; and at the next session he was placed on that most important of committees, that of Ways and Means, where he fully sustained the reputation he had acquired, — that of being a thorough business man. In all the domestic and social relations of his life his deportment was highly exemplary, and at his death meetings of the citizens of Watertown, of directors of the Jefferson County Bank, of the railroad company, and the as.sociations of which he was a member, were held, to testify their sorrow for his death, and to ex- tend their sympathies to his bereaved family. He was a warm friend of the JeflFerson County Agricul- tural Society. He took great interest in the Jefferson County Bible Society, and was for several years its presi- dent. From the funeral sermon preached by his pjustor we ((uote ; •' In the death of Mr. Hungerl'ord our village and the whole community has sustained a great loss. He had grown up with our village. Here he launched his bark upon the ocean of life, and here his voyage was ended. " On account of his influence, and the important trusts which had been confided to his hands, being in the full maturity of his strength, his judgment ripened by ex- perience and years and his natural force unabated, I know of no one in the whole coniinunity whose death would have been regarded iis so great a calamity as his. The as.sembling of this great congregation, as a tribute of respect to liis memory, shows how he was estimated. A prince has fallen in the midst of us. The death of such a man is a public ^^:^^:^.^^^7^ HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 205 I The subject of this sketch, Dr. Ainnsii Tr»>wbriilge, was hnin in Ponif'ret, Windham county. Connecticut. May 17, 177'.'. His jtarents were farmers by occupation, and whose ancc^t^)^s were early ccttlers of the New Ennjlnnd States, and supposed to lie of English descent. lie Uibored on tlie farm at home until he was fourtten years uf age, availing himself of the common selmol in the winter sras^ons. After that period he received the superior advantages of an academical edu- cation, when he made those attainments in classics and English which fitted him for a professional life. At the age of seventeen he com- menced a course of study with Dr. Avery Downer, of Preston City. New London county, a veteran surgeon of the 1U\ ulutionary Way. At the age of twenty he was lulmitted to practiee, and received a diploma frnm the State Medical Soeiety. He afterwards spent a year with Dr. Thomas Hubbard, a man of high reputation as a surgeon and practitioner in medicine. He soon after removed to Lnnesboro', Massachusett;;, and practiced in cnmpany with l>r. .Tar\ is. Dr. Trowbridge entered upim his new field under disadvantages, contending with older and able competitors, and yet he was success- ful in gaining for himself high social standing and a good reputation in his practice. At the age of twenty-six, and in the year I8tt.'), he married Miss Gloriana H. Itillings, of lianesboro'. Mas-^achusetts. With his wife he removed to Trenton. Oneitla county. New York, where he. in coni]iiiny with Dr. Luther Guiteau, gained high rank in the practice of surgery, which in after-years became of so much ser- vice to wounded soldiers. In lSt*H he came with his family anil made a pormantnt residence in Watertnwn. when ho entered at once upon a large and extensive practice in company with Dr. Paul Hutchinson. The doctor was a Kepublieiin id" the old Jetfersnnian school, and tu<»k active part in the great j'oliticnl questions of the day, and became conspicuous in his ]iarty. He was the author of a series of political essays published by Thomas "Walker, of Utica. The object of this series of essays was to sustain the administrati(»n by argument, rchitive to grievances so multiplied with ) he has ranked among the most active and eminent physicians of the county. In lSf>2 he was appointed surgmn of the eighteenth Dist. regiment N. Y. V. by (Jovernor Morgan. In the same year he resigned that posit ii'n anil ret ti rued to his jiraclice at home. He is now in his sixty - second year, and is next to the oldest citizen living in this city that was bom here. In the year 1845> he married Miss Louisa M., daughter of Syh'cster and Uoso Smith, ot Watertown. They have five children ; Edward, Helen R., Sylvester S., Frederick G., and Willian). All are living. Dr. Trowbridge has always been fond of spending any leisure days and respite from his ])ractice in prospecting among the works of nature, and has collected and has in his possession the largest private collection in the Slate of the various kinds of birds, animals, and minerals. 206 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. E. B. FOWLER. Tlic subject of this sketch was burn in Steuben, Oneida county, New York, July 19, 1800. He was third son and fourth child of Silas and Betsey Fowler, wlio had seven chil- dren. His father was of New England birth (ilassachusetts), and his ancestors of English descent. His mother, Betsey Hough, was also of Ma.ssachusotts and of English descent. His father was a fanner by occupation, but prominently identified with the interests of his town and county, and was known as Squire Fowler. Limited in means, his father, hav- ing a large family, was unable to give his children anything more than the principles of a business education, and, a.s in the ca,se of the subject of this memoir, these princi]>lcs were so deeply laid as to result in a successful business career. He labored on the farm of his father until be became of age, going to school winters. At about the age of twenty -seven he went to Turin, Lewis county, and engaged in the mercantile liusi- ncss with his brother, George J. Eowler, and soon after entered in partnership with Orrin Wool worth in the same business, and were the leading merchants of that section. In 1S31, Febru- ary 13, lie married Miss Jane Bush, daughter of Major Oliver Bush, of Turin, Lewis county, formerly of Wcstticld, Massa- chusetts, and supposed to be of Dutch descent, and lur grand- father with a family of seven sons were among tlie |)ioneers of that county. In 1833 he removed to Antwerp, and engaged in tlir nur- cantile business and the purcha.se of produce, doing a large business in butler and cheese. This business he followed for some twenty years, and finally abandoned it to organize the "Agricultural Jlutual Insurance Company,' and removed to the city of Watertown in the year 1853. When he abandoned his mercantile life, he devoted his indomitable energies to a single object, — that of develojiing his pet scheme of farm insurance disconnected from a general business ; and when others faltered he persevered, until his labor wa.s crowned with success and his company duly or- ganized for the transaction of business. Mr. Fowler was then appointed general agi'Ut of the com])any, which oftice he held for many J'ears. He lived to see the company, for the success of which he labored so long, a success, and to know that its formation was the forei-unner or cause of the formation of other companies, which have resulted in establishing a nnich larger insurance interest in this city than in any city of its size in the State. Wherever energy, perseverance, and incloniitablc will were requisites, Mr. Fowler was an invaluable eu-woikir ami was sanguine in the result of his efforts. To Mr. and Mrs. Fowler were born four eliililren, viz. : Julia Frances, Carrie Jane, Florence L., and Charles B. Of these, Florence L. died in infimcy. Julia F. resides at home with her mother. Carri(! J. married H. P. Herring, and re- sides in Minnea)iolis, Minnesota. Charles B. residc's in AVater- town, and is very prominently identified with the company in the place made vacant by the death of his father, being one of its directors and an agent of the company. E. B. Fowler died July 12, 1877, in his .seventy-seventh year. His widow is now in her seventy-fourth year. In polities Mr. Fowler was a Republican, originally belong- ing to the old Whig party and in bis earlier life a very active member of the party. Upon bis death the Agricultural Insur- ance coni|iany of Watertown adopted the following resolu- tions. " Whocas, Earl B. Fowler, wlio was connected with this company a.s general agent and director from its organization imtil compelled by impaired health to sever such connection, deiiarted this life at his residence in this city Thursday, July 12, 1877 ; it is therefore " Jiesiilred, That in the death of 5! r. Fowler, who was so long associated with us and to whose jiersevering efi'orts is due the organization of the old Agricultural ^Mutual Insurance Com- pany, which was the pioneer company out of which has grown the large insurance interests of this city, we lose a comjianion and friend whose early efforts are duly appreciated and whose memory will be cherished by us. " Resolved, That in the life of ilr. Fowler we have an ex- am|)le of energy, industry, and perseverance whieli it should be our ]>ride to emulate.'' HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 207 ^^r^Tg/i ■v^--^-^'. o c^ euC^ 'U^ I Tho subject of this sketch was born in llnrapsliire county, Massachusetts, Januarj- 1((, 1804. He was eldest son of Elijah and Abi<;ail Streeter. His father was a native of Vermont, and his mother of Ma.ssachusctts V)irtli. In the year 1S19 bis father came with his family and settl(-d in the town of Champion, Jeffer.soli County, and carried on the shoeniakinmber 9, Charles married Miss Mahala Love, of Norwich, New York ; resides in New York. He is general insurance agent of the Equitable Life Insurance Company. Henry married Miss Mary Parmalee; resides in the town of Rutland, and owns and occupies the farm first purchased by his grandfather in the year 1808. Has two children, Mary C. and llenry T Mary married E. H. Thom]]son, of Watertown city, and re- sides at the same place. He is one of the prominent grocery- men of the city. In the year 1863, the mother of these children and wife of Henry Hopkins, while visiting friends in Middlebury, Con- necticut, was taken ill with the typhoid fever and died. Henry Ho]ikins was married a second time to Mrs. Chloe E. Burnham, widow of the late Dexter M. Burnham, and daughter of Otis .\ndrus, of Rutland, a native of New IIam)i- sliire. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, and since his connection with that body has contributed at times largely for building churches and the support of educational and re- ligious interests in his vicinity. In politics he was originally a Whig, and upon the forma- tion of the Republican ])arty united with it, and has ?ince stoi>d firm to its princi])les. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 209 SOLOMON U. GALE. Mils. buLUilO^ u. liALE. SOLOMON 0. GALE. The subject "f this sketch wjis born in the town of Cliam- liion, JeH'orson County, October 2-'), 1812. He was the son of Nehemiah Gale and Lucy Parker. His father was a lineal descendant in the seventh generation from Richard Gale, who emigrated from England in tlie year ItUO, and settled in Watertown, Massachusetts. The old homestead originally oc- cupied by Kicluird Gale has remained in the family until about the year IMfiO, and was sold to General Hanks, who has refitted it for a tine residence. His fatbi'r was born in Ver- mont, and his grandfather. Deacon Solomon Gale, was born in ilassacluisett-s, and removed to Vermont in the early jiart of his life, and owned the farm upon which the battle of Ben- nington was fought. In the year 1810 his father came to Jef- ferson County from his native State and settled in Chamjiion, this countj-, as a farmer ; but having opened an extensive ore bed for his father before leaving Vermont, he (|uite largely explored parts of this and adjoining counties in search of ore. and was successful in some places, as the Wicks bed in \n%- werp. His father, being born August 24, 1788, was twenty-four years of age upon the breaking out of the war of 1812, and was engaged in the service ; was on board the " Julia" when the attack on Prescott was made. At tlie close of the war he settled in Hounsfield. In his father's family there were six cblUlri'n, all sons, of which the subject of this memoir was second scm, and until he was thirty years of agi' remained with his father on the farm, going to school some winters in the old log school-house, and receiving only a limited knowledge from books, but suflicient to enable him to teach scliool, and was engaged as a teaclier for .some six terms. While Solomon was a small boy an instaiue of characteristic integrity occurred, widely known in JetFcrson County, known as the Whittlesey atlair, and which ]iroved fatal to the United States payunister Whittlesey, who daimeil to have been robbed of some thirty thousand dollars. Whittlesey marked a package of the money and dropped it in the road, expecting some one would pick it up and jiut it in circulation, when he would have 14 a pnma facie case against him of the robbery, and bj' hard swearing by Whittlesey could be sent to State's prison. Ne- hemiah Gale found it, and, instead of putting it in circulation, advertised it. The circumstances raised a suspicion of fraud. Whittlesey aucl lii> wife were searched, and the amount less the money found by Gale was found in the possession of the wife of Whittlesey. The wife drowned herself in Black river to cover her shame, and the husband was taken in charge by the government. Solomon, in the j'ear 1842, December 22, married Miss Jane Griffin, daughter of John Griffin, a native of Dutchess county. He then purchased the old homestead in Le Kay of the heirs of his father, and remained upon it until he removed to Water- town city, 1862. While in Le Ray he was connected with the most important interests of his town, and by economy and judicious management owned at one time in the town some three hundred acres of land. He has been one of the assessors of the city for the last six years. Originally a Whig, upon the formation of the Republican jjarty joined its ranks, and has stood firm to the principles of the party since. ^ His wife w-as in early life connected with the Christian church, and has remained a faithful member of that body until the present. His father was killed by the effects of a kick from a horse, in the year 1844. His mother died in the year 18-59. Solomon Gale is classed among the active business men of his day. He had two adopted sisters, Lucy Guernsey and Sarah ilott, both of whom are now married and settled in life, and, by the lessons of morality and virtue impressed upon their minds by their adopted mother, are examples of representative woman- hood. He is strictly temperate in his habits, which is only charac- teristic of his fiu'efathers, and it is said that of the nine genera- tions who have been in this country no one of the family ha.s ever been convicted of crime, or drunk from the use of intoxi- cating liquors. 210 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Mll.lON CAlU'KNTIll. MRS. :\111.T0N' (\\KPF.NTK1!. MILTON CARPENTER. TIio subject of this sketeli was born in IInntinn;ton, Fairiiclil county, Connecticut, February 17, 1801. He was fourth son in a family of nine children of William Carpenter and Charity Hawloy. His father was a native of Rhode Island, and of English descent; the grandfather, Calvin, was supposed to be descended from one of three brothers who came to America about 1G20. Wilton lived with his father until he was fifteen yciirs of age, and then served an apprenticeship of six years learning the thinner and currier's trade, — three years in New Milford, Connecti- cut, and the other three years in O.xford, New York. Soon after the close of his apprenticeship he came to Watortown, this county, but, not being able to get work, went to Kingston, Canada, and remained there three years, working at his trade, returning to Watertown in the year 1S2G. After two ycjirs he entered into partnership with Mr. Kitts in the manufacture of morocco, and continued with him until ISIM. The firm was burned out in ISoIl It may be said here that in connection with tlieir morocco business they dealt quite largely in wool, making their principal s;iles in Albany and I'rovidence. Mr. Carpenter, after tlie di.-svolution of the partnership with Mr. Kitts, carried on business alone for some two years, and, competition being so great, he reliiujuishcd the business, except to occasionally work at his trade by jobs or by the day. In the year ISod he went to War. aw, WiscoM.-in, and for the most part engaged in carpenter and joiner business. Only remaining four years, returned to Watertown, and the most of the time since, when able to work, has been with his son in St. Lawrence county, who is a tanner and currier by trade. He, at the age of twenty-eight, iu the year 1829, married Miss Rachel Nash, of Albany, New York. To Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter were born nine children : Cyrus, Caroline, John M., Mary, Milton, Gea*-ge, Sidney, Horace, and Hattie. Of these only four are living, viz. : John M. is one of the successful and active dry goods and grocery merchants of liis native town and city of Water- town. Mary is married, and resides in JIacomb, Illinois. George resides in Hillsborough, New York. Hattie is married, and resides also in the town and city of her birth. Mr. Carpenter has been a life-long Democrat, never seeking notoriety, a plain, unassuming man, moving in the unostentatious circles of society, lionored and respected by all who know him. His wife was spared to enjoy his so- ciety until she was sixty-five years of age, and died in 1874. He is now in his seventy-seventh year, looking down life's journey as onl}' a little way, but cared for by his son, John M., and daughter-in-law, Mrs. John M. Carpenter. His .siin, John M., was married January 17, IS.tG, to Miss Ainaiula Jane, daughter of Samuel Graves, of Water- town. .\e\v York, and have ihreo cliikhon living, viz. : ll:uliel M:iy, Fled. M., and John M. Carpenter, Jr. HISTORY OF JI:FFKIIS0N COUNTY, NKW YORK. 211 EVELYN F. CAUTKR. The subject of tins sketch was born in the town of Clin- ton (formerly Killinjpworth), Connecticut, March 14, 1811. He was fourth child and second son of a family of five children of Ilubbel Carter and Eunice Parnialee, of New En-^land birth (Connecticut). His father was said to be a lineal descendant of one of five brothers who emigrated from England and settled in Connecticut during the first days of the settlement of that State. His father died when he w;is ten years old, and his mother died when he was only two years of age. Evelyn was adopted by Peter Farnliam, a sea-captain, upon the death of his mother. The captain was unfortunate in his business operations, and Evelyn was again left without a guardian. Thrown upon the world unaided and alone, and with his adopted mother to care for at an early age, h& worked in the factory and in the shop, struggling with pov- erty, until about twenty-eight years of age, and in the }'ear 181)8 he removed and settled at Evans' Mills, in the town of Le Ray, this county. Previous to cowing to this county, ■ and in the year 1836, he married Miss Eniogene Pratt, of Durham, Greene county, New York, daughter of Abijah Pratt and Polly Post, originally of Connecticut, and of English descent. Upon coming to Jefferson County, he settled as a farmer upon one hundred and sixty-seven acres in the town of Le Ray, considerable of which he cleared of its original for- est, carried on dairying and grain-raising, and became one of the representative fanners of his town. In 1853, Mr. Carter, with several others, became the incorporators of the Agricultural Mutual Insurance Com- pany, of Watertown, New York, which name was soon after changed to the Agricultural Insurance Company, of Watertown, New York. This enterpri.se st;irted with a very small beginning, but has become one of the largest insurance companies of the State. Jlr. Carter being one of the charter members of the company, has been connected with it ever since, and in the year 1875 gave up his farming interest to his son, Revilo Carter, and came to Watertown city, and directly connected himself with the operations of the company, and upon the death of Mr. Cooper, president of the company, he was elected vice-president, with John A. Sherman as president. jMr. Carter, in polities, is a Republican, never seeking political preferment. He has been connected with the Presbyterian church for .some twenty years, and at the same time he united with that body his wife, .son, and two daughters, Catharine E. and Celia A., all connected themselves with the siune church. He has enjoyed the ofiice of elder of the church since 1860, and has always contributed largely to both the inter- ests of church and school. To Mr. and Mrs. Carter were bom four children, viz.: three previously mentioned in this sketch, and one died in infancy. Kate E. married Rev. E. H. Pratt, a Presby- terian clergyman, of Durham, New York, 1871. Revilo Carter married Miss Martha Avery, of Chelsea, Massachusetts, 1875. 212 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. WINSLOW PATTRIDGE. The subject of this sketch was born in Chesterfield, Cheshire county. New Haujp.shire, July 1, 1791. He was of a family of twelve children, being the fourth son of Joseph and Sarah Pattridge, both of whom were of New England birth. His father was of Scotch descent; but his mother, Sarah Warren, was a daughter of Captain War- ren, and a near relation of General Warren of the Revolu- tionary War, and supposed to be of English descent. His father was a farmer by occupation. He lived at home until he was of age, and then went for himself, and for the first few years learned the cloth-dressing and wool-carding busi- ness. Entered a partnership with Jonathan Wood in the same business, in Otsego county, and remained there for two years, and in the year 1818 removed to Jefferson County and settled where the city of Watertown now is. Previous to leaving Otsego county he married Mi.ss Le- vina Wood, daughter of Jonathan Wood, of Mas.sachusetts, and of English descent. This was in the year 1816. On coming to Watertown he at once commenced his business of cloth-dro.ssing and wool-carding, and after a few years erected a building for the purpose of and began the manufacture of cloth. This business he continued until about the year 1S4G, meeting during his business career with success, and accumulated a fine property. He rented his mill and retired from active l)usiness, but tlie next year his mill was burned, whicli resulted in a total loss to him. To Mr. and Mrs. Pattridge were born ten children, five of whom died while young. The eldest son, Jo.seph Curtis Pattridge, received the best advantages the schools of Watertown could aflford, and then graduated at Union college, took u]) the study of law. which he practiced for a few years, and entered the service of the United States in their war with Mexico as pay- master, and at the close of the war, 1849, he returned home, engaged in the milling business and speculating in land in Minnesota; but his life was cut short, and he died 1857. Julia Ann married Luther J. Darwin, Esq., an attorney of W^atertown, and resides in that city. Robert Kirkwood married Miss Catherine Seaver, and resides in California. Levina E. and Caroline M. reside at home. Winslow Pattridge died June 2, 1864, in his seventy-third year. His wife and widow is now in her eighty-second year, re- taining apparently actively all the faculties of her mind, and now in her declining years cared for by two kind daughters. She is numliercd among the living representa- tive pioneer women of Jefi'erson County. • Mr. Pattridge's education was neces.sarily restricted to the rudiments taught in the common schools of his youth, and which he was able to acquire by the best use of his opportunities in the winter months of his boyhood years, while his summer months were long vacations with severe labor on the farm. He had a fine constitution, and during his life was a man of great activity, and, besides his other bu.siness, he erected a large number of first-chL^s dwellings on Areenal, Clinton, Massoy, and Ten Eyck streets, by which he carried the reputation as one of the best builders in town. He was a kind husband, father, aTid friend, and a use- ful and much-esteemed citizen, and left with his family a more valuable legacy than money, " the example and influ- ence of a pure life." ^BIsTEK/ •W. I»E0K:. Prominently identified with the pioneer history of the town of Brownville was Deacon Eliphalet Peck, one of the earliest settlers of that town. He was a native of Connecticut, and we find, by reference to the genealoiiieal record of tlie family, that the first American stock arrived in New Enjrland cotemporary with the pilgrim fathers, and have since been conspicuous in the hi^to^y of this country as eminent churchmen, -ioldiers, and citizens. Two of the descendants of the Peck family are now bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church, notably. Jesse T. Peck, of this State. The mother of the subject of this sketch, Lois Webb, was also a native of Connecticut, and came of a good old New Eng- land ancestry. Eliplialet Peck served at Sackefs Harbor during the War of 1812. He was a man universally respected for his general good qualities of head and heart. He died in Clayton, in 1868, in the eighty-fourth year of his age, deeply lamented by all who knew him. Abner W. Peck was born in the town of Brownville, Jefierson County, New York, on the 8th of February, 1822. His father was a farmer, and he followed the same avocation during his boyhood, working on the farm during the summer months, and attending the district school of his native town winters. At the age of seventeen he commenced teaching school, and for several consecutive summers he continued in that laudable field of use- fulness, alternating teaching and working on the farm. When quite young he was elected to the responsible position of super- intendent of schools for the town of Clayton, whither he and his father's family had removed in the year 182.'). In the fall of 1856 he was chosen to represent the Third assembly district (now the Second) in the State legislature, and in 187o was made sheriff of his native county, which position he at present (1877) occupies. In these various offices Mr. Peck has given general satisfaction, alike to his constituents and the people at large. Faithful to every trust in him reposed, careful of the interests committed to his charge, and honest in the administration of his official duties, there exists no wonder hia official career has been crowned with honor, success, and distinction. In 1852 he was united in marriage with Miss Laura Pearsons, daughter of Esquire Chesterfield Pearsons, an old and worthy citizen of the town of Orleans, and especially identified with the history of La Fargeville. Five children— Uwo daughters and three sons — have blessed this union, namely ; Florence, Flora, Frank II., Carlton C, and Fremont, in whose education their parents have expended much money and care, and, we may add, with the most gratifying results. Both daughters were honorably graduated from the Ilungerford Collegiate Institute, of Adams, and the two elder sons received their education at the University of Canton, this State. Frank H. has particularly distinguished himself by his scholastic attainments, as evinced by his success- ful competition in a class of twenty-one for admission as a cadet to West Point. He has there eminently sustainetl his reputation as a diligent scholar, and now, after about a year's study, stands third in his class in mathematics, which is an almost unpre- cedented record in that institution. The rest of Mr. Peck's family have been faithful scholars, and will doubtless distinguish themselves in the various stations in life which they are destined to occupy. For the past two years Mr. Peck and family have resided in Waiertown, the seat of his official capacity. Their place of per- manent residence, however, is on the old homestead in the town of Clayton, towards the purcha.se of which he paid his early earnings. The good, old spot, with its sacred memories of early toil and care, hope and success, and with the .additions which by industry and careful management Mr. Peck has been enabled to m.ike to it, occupies a place in the hearts of the family which no other place on earth could fill. The portrait of this gentleman, together with this brief family sketcn, is inserted at the solic- itation of his many friends, as a token of respectful regard. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 2i:{ <::^M^.Wa/^^/ In writing out iinything like a full history of this eouuty, traji- lional or nlherwise, the name phicud at the healiical sketches of many prominent men and women of this count}', most of which were published in the Nexo York ReJ'urmer. In 185G he entered into a copartiiershi|i in the milling bu.siness with the late Peter S. Howk, of the Fagle .Mills, which continued fur three years. In ISGO Mr. Massey was elected Police Ma,';istrate I an oflice answering to thai of Recorder under the city charter ), HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. J15 in which capacity he served until November, 1865, when he resigned the office, and soon after removed to Osborne, Ohio, to spend the remainder of his life with liis children there, his wife having died in March, 18G5. In 1829 the First Presbyterian church of Watertown elected Mr. Massey as one of its ruling eldjrs. lis also served as ruling elder in each church with which he was afterwards connected. While on a visit to his formc^r home and friends, in Jef- ferson County, ha was taken sick at the house of his son, Dr. W. P. Massey, in Brownvilie, New I'^ork, and died August 12, 1871. A biographicjil sketcli, written soon after his death, by one who knew him well, pays the following just tribute to his character : " Solon Massey was fortunate in his birth and training, for he was the beloved son of pious, exemplary parents. He was essentially a J'dir man, although he loved a good joke, because he could appreciate all bright, attractive things, yet judgment was the predominant characteristic of his mind ; and this, added to much reading and a taste nat- urally refined, made him the accurate historian and the ready writer. His mind was formed from no school, nor after any model. He was a simple, unpretending Christian gentleman, pure in life and with a kind word for all." Another, who was intimately associated with him for many years, said : " He was a man in wlioin a large meijsure of goodness dwelt, and his life Wius as near blameless as often falls to the lot of mortals to live. But one chief beauty of his character was, that he was not content to live a merely blameless life. His whole course in life was marked by active benevolence. His time, his talents, his n)cans, were given ungrudgingly to every effort that gave hopeful prom- ise of shedding blessings on the pathway of mankind. He was one of the most unselfish men, whore good was to be done, that it has been my lot to know. No sacrifice seemed too great on his part to carry forward and to give vigor and strength to those enterprises that embraced in the reach of their benevolence man's whole nature, covering the life that now is and that which is to come. He had a heart that could be touched by human want and human woe, whether that want or woe related to body or mind, and if 1k3 did not extend relief, it was because his hand was not as large as his heart. His Christian sympathies were wide and far-roaching, embracing the whole man and man in every condition, and they were of the icorking rather than tlie weeping kind. In some of the official trusts committed to him he was brought much in contact with the criminal classes and the outcasts of society. Here his (juick insight of human character, his great kindness of heart, his fath- erly, Christian counsel, his wise commingling of justice with mercy, wrought great good in many instances. " Into whatsoever field he entered, he sought to become of practical u.se there, identifying himself at once with every good and noble work for God and humanity." Another said : " The epitaph upon his tomb should be, ' He was a Christian,' for this is the key to his benign and graceful old age, his kind and endearing manner, his sym- pathy with all good work, and his earnest labors for the personal and spiritual welfare of every member of the circle in which he moved. The example he has left us is our richest legacy." EDWARD SWAIN MASSEY. The subject of this sketch was born in Watertown, Octo- ber 18, 180G. He was the son of Hart Massey and Lucy Snaiii, who settled in Watertown in the year 1800, at which time there were only three log houses, conslituting a village in the wilderness. At the entrance of Paddock's Arcade Hart JIassey, with his wife and three children, Mary, Solon, and Stillman, located in a log house, and in that log house, on the first Sabbath it was occupied by the family', the neighbors being invited in, Wits held the firet public religious service ever enjoyed in Watertown. Of his father's family were ten children, of whom Edward Swain was the fifth child and fourth son. In this large family Edward grew the centre of the group, and did his full share of labor necessary to convert a wilderness into a garden village. He lived at home until he was twenty-one years of age, and the same year, May 28, 1828, married Miss Nancy Kilbourn, of Champion. To them were born two children, Fred. K. and Emma S. Massey. His wife died April 17, 1832. For his second wife he married Mi.ss Esther Rnigg, daughter of Jairus Bragg, of Newport, Herkimer county. By his second wife he had six children, Maria E., George B., Mary E., J. Edward, Albert P., and Annie M. Massey. All are living except the eldest. Edward Swain Massey was the first child born in Water- town, and received such impressions from parental training while young as fitted him for his sub.se(|uent career of useful- ness. The year after his marriage, assisted by his father, he built a residence on what is now Massey street, in which he lived until his death, and which is now occupied by his devoted wife and children ; an engraving of which, with its surroundings of trees planted by his own hands, will be found on another page of this work, under his portrait. During his day he engaged, besides his regular occupa- tion as a farmer, in building, and erected several tine resi- dences in the city. He was also superintendent in the erection of the Fiist Presbyterian church. When only twenty-one years of age he united with the Presbyterian church, and continued faithful to his profession through life, and his life was the Christian epistle known and read of all. He contributed liberally for the support of church and all other enterprises benefiting mankind, and looking to the establi.shmcnt of good society in his village and town. He died March, 1873. 216 IIISTORy OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. EDWIN A. HOLBROOK waj" boni in Madrifl, St. Lawrence county, in the yrar 1S17. Ho studietl medicine in his native town, but ruUntiuisUed its prauliee in consequence of an impaired constitution. He became a resident of Watertown in the year 1852, since which time he has been a success- ful praetitioner in the art of dentistry, devoting a portion of his time to literary jjursuits. writinj^ for pnl)lic journals, and public speakinj;. In 1S76 hv published sin originiil volume of fiver tive hundred pagi-s, entitled '* Life Thoughts," L-ontaining some four humlred anil thirty- eight pages of ])oems on a variety of subjects, the remainder bring a short bir)graphical sketch of his life, essays, etc. The work met with a ready sale. At the time of the compilation of this history he had material for another volume as large as the one published. His poems are very rapidly written, being almost a spontaneity. Below will be fimnd two of his poems on themes the most attractive afforded by nature antl art in JefTerson County. M'ATKIiTOWX. Synonym of bUv^sings ! euphonious namo! In litauty aOoriiiiiK thi; fair pag'- of fuiiiu ! As the wi'inl stream of life down tlie apes de8cenlIin^', Ittt lights and Itx rthadnwti iri biirnioiiy Mt'iidiii);;, Thy beautiful river tluWH onward the same ! For her countless lifo-fiivors a tribute I bring, Tu lu>r niurtmiring endeiice in hiirniony sing; Where U(»w the waves Ilowitig in rbytbniirnl nieutiurt' That l»reak on (tie ahures of the urecn isles uf p!eanure, .\re kit(siti({ the liiw uf the grcoii hndu of xpring. Where Hcorning her fetters, and breaking away, Iluwii catararts leaping and burcitin^ iti s{)nty, I heed the wibl song without rhythm or measure, Am fmni the hmd inniult the (jud-given treasure Of weiilth is flislilling that knows no decay. And rising aloft, atiove handct and hil!. I ratch the wild cadeneo that roinett from the mill — From the liamnier and anvil in deep e)ii»riiH ringing— Kroni nature and art a.s a tironth of thanksgiving. But never a breath from the worm of the still. Health, beauty, and wealth, like a godiless divine. Preside at this fountain of natnre's pure winu, From genius and labor ]uire blessinjis distilling, The sweet cup of plenty and happini-ss Jillint:, More precious to nioi-tjtle tlnni gold from the mine. And I look through the shadows, the blessing and L-heer, Far back, ere the days of the first pioneer; When the biini of the wheel was utdicard on the river, When the Indian untanieriK' un th« breeze I TJinii iiew-bom of cities tbo fairest of ilaiighten, Mature in thy years, yet the chihl of Ihi- walerit. Thy name is haptiamal, thv mission, to |il(>nsi>, June, 1870. K. A. H RIVKR ST. LAWRENCE. I Mtancl on tliy tthore, where rude sentinels hoary Have guardcil throiiKb ages ihy rounte to the Kt*a; And thy l)riKht cparliling waters rerteet hark the story, Thatlikens the tide ol all tming to t)iee: KlowiuK forever, FatteriiiK never, H*'autifnl river, On, on, to the sea! Here culm in their beauty thy waters are steeping, As the trill of the waves ripple wofl to lh<» shore, And evergreen ttlmtlows iiiglit-walche^ are keeping. And stara of bright promise look down evermore : H>>antifnl river. Faltering never, Ril>pling forever. Soft, sua to the shore! Now o'er thy bine surface soft zt-phyrs are atrftying. And all dimpled with emileM, as yunth blushing and fivt; Ami the Htanit and the shadows like naiads are playing. And nature's green foliage seems dancing with glee: Onwanl forever, Faltering never. Beautiful river. All blushing and free ! X6 streams of affection, tliy bright waters meeting, Flow onward together, away and away; Now severeil by islands, now rushing, now greeting, Itown catnmct^, foaming and bursting in itpmy : Lingering never. Wonderful river. Ku!>lting forever Away and away ; So the river of li/r has flowed down through the ages. Now placid, now rnshiug, an «ave after wave Has recorded the ep«H-h« on time's n»cky Images, Kngniveii in granite, in coral and cnve: Mystical rivi-r, lingering never. With rhythm forever. In wave after wave! Still onward thy flow t*»w'rd the mystical oceun. Forever replenithetl by brooklet and stream ; Hero mirror of beauty, there whirletl in cuinmution, Like the river of rivers, the pride of my theuie^ On nows Ifiit river, Tuw'rd the All-giver, Replenished ever Ry brooklet and stream ! Flowing forever, stream, bn>oklet, and river. River of life to the ocean of love ; From cataract's foam to the green isles of pU-a«ure, Reflecting the beama from the brightness above: Flowing forever, SVonderful river. Back to the (iiver— Tlie ocean of love ! HENRY W. SHEAD. I Amuiig the prominent and well-known lmsinc^^s men of Watertown none occupy a more exalted place in the gen- eral estimation of the people than does Henry AV. Sliead. He is a native of Jefferson County, havini; been born in the town of Champion on the 11th of April, 1819. In 1862 he embarked in the millini; business at Water- town, bavins; purchased the old Union mills, which, under the efficient management and sound business integrity that characterizes all his operations, have acf|uired a reputation as enviable as it is wide-spread. Nor is liis ]iartner, Mr. I. A. Graves, behind him in the general qualifications of a successful bu.«iness man. On the 9th of September, 1855, Mr. Sbcad united in marriage with Miss Caroline L. Carpenter, of Watertown, who. after twentv-two years of happy wedded life, on the 9th of June, 1877, died, leaving a bereaved husband, three inter- esting children, and a host of friends to mourn her loss. The familv con,sists of Mary G., Henry N., and Caroline L. 218 UISTORY OF JEFFEUSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ^/t^'//^0^ The subject of this skctcli was born in Litchfield county, Connecticut, SepteiiibiT 7, 1792, and was tlic eldest of two wjns and one daughter of RohwcII and Lois Patterson Woodruff, of faniili(;s wliidi were aniotifr the early settlers of that .State, and were of English extraction. About the year ISO.t he came with his father's family to Jcff'ersfjn County, wlio located near Sanford's Corners, in the town of Le Ilay, and jmrehased a thousand acres of land, the fanns of Captain Thoni:i8 Jewett and Octavo Blanc now being a part of the purchase. During the war of 1812-15 he wa« called out to serve in a cavalry regiment, and engaged principally on jiicket duly on the northern frontier. When lie became of age or soon after fabout the year ISHJ; he eatnc; to Watertown, before it became a village, and <-onimenecd a bii.siness that grew to large jiroportions before he resigned it. This wajj the tin, hardware, iron, and stove trade. In his clear-headed business way he early saw that the necessities of the new-comers of this then newly-settled country could not afford U) go a two-days' journey or more to procure the common necessaries in his line of trade, so he organized a system of having his teams deliver them at their homes and selling them at fair prices, and taking in return such commodities as they |irr»(lui;ed in payment. This tradf- cxU'uded over not oidy all the northern (bounties of this Stale ihi-n settled, but look in the western counties as fur us liuffalo. In several instan;cs his teams went into the State of Ohio, and made regular trips to much of the then settled portion of Upp(;r Canada. Under his skillful management this was made profitable. Among the salesmen who sold his manufactured goods in tliis way were Hiram Converse, of this city, Augu.stus IJ. Butterfield, now in Illinois, Harlow Herrick, Solomon Childs, and many others. October 5, 1817, he was married to Rosana T., daughter of Eli and Roxana Terry Bush, both natives of Connecti- cut. Mrs. Woodruff was born in Oneida county, this State, and was a woman of comely person, and more than ordinary intellectual ability and force of character. To Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff were born nine children, all of whom became adults, viz. : Horace W., married to Maria A. Osgood, and now resides in New York. Lois P. married Howell Cooper, and is now a widow, residing in this city. Maria D. married Pearsfjii Mun', Ohio, has remained in his native county. In politics he is a Republican, and earlier in life took an active part in public interests, and placing honest men in places of political preferment. He and his wife are attendants upon the Universalist church, and contribute to the support of that body. RisiDCNCE or HIRAM D£Y/EY. ESQ.,Watertown.N.Y. mm \ 3 - > <■' HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 221 GENERAL ABNER BAKER. The subject of this sketch was born September 17, 1791, in Northampton, IMa.s.sachusetts. He was third son, in a family of eleven children, of Abncr and Lois Baker, of Hebron, Connecticut, and a lineal descendant of Edward Baker, who was born in England, emigrated to America in the fleet under Governor Winthrop, which sailed from England, and arrived at Boston July, 103(1; the fleet con- sisting of eleven vessels, and bringing some seventeen hundred persons. Edward Baker .settled at Saugus (then Lynn), ^Massachusetts, on the south of a hill since called Baker's hill. His father resided in Northampton, but about five years after the birth of our subject he icmoved with his family to Goshen, in the same county, where he remained until March, 1804, — eight years; after which he removed to Deerfield, Oneida county. New Y'ork. He did not feel settled yet, but in March, ISOG, he removed again to Malta, in the then new county of Jetterson, New I'ork. During all this time, and up to 1802, he worked with his father and brothers on the farm, or farms, in the several homes which have been described, getting about three months' -school each winter, and thus acquiring what little education lay at the foundation of his capacity for business. After that he started out ■' on his own hook," at the age of seventeen, to '' try his hand" at such methods ;uj he might invent to acijuire au independence. He came to Watertown, and hired to Abraham Jewett to work in his brick-yard. His winters were occupied in assisting to pre- pare wood for the use of the yard in the following seasons, and in going to school just " to keep his hand in, ' and to perfect hiuLself in arithmetic, writing, etc. He continued on with Mr. Jewett for several years, becoming master of the business and " boss of the yard." In 1811 there was a prevalent sickness through the country — a malignant type of typhoid fever — which was very fatal, setting at naught the skill of our best physicians, and overriding all barriers to its desolating progress through entire families and neighborhoods. Our subject did not escape the dreaded epidemic. lie found himself comin" down with the fever, and immediately turned his steps towards that well-remembered home in Lorraine, where he could avail himself of the skill and care of his mother and .sisters. While he was in health he did not so much miss the little attentions and kindness which go to make up our enjoyment. But when lie was stricken down among com- parative strangers, and a lingering and perhaps fatal sick- ness and premature death were staring him in the face, then he felt and realized more than ever before the truth of the saying, " There's no place like home." But it was to share with others in the family, — those gentle, loving oflBces of mother and sister ; for though he was spared to get well, yet two brothers and one sister died, viz., one brother aged sixteen, one aged nine, and one sister, — Mrs. Oliver Taylor, — aged thirty. During the same period, and by the .same epidemic, two brothers of Mr. Baker. Sr., died at the old home in Northampton, Massa- chusetts. It will thus be seen how " wave after wave" rolled over them as a family, and that " clouds and darkness were for the time around about the throne." These were the first and oidy deaths in this large family 222 HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. up to this time, and the youngest of the twelve was now four years old. It was not until April, 1830, that another death occurred in the family, — and that was the loved and cherished mother, who died at the full age of sixty-eight years. The father passed on through all the periods which are generally supposed to be specially critical in advancing age and natural infirmities to the ripe and green old age of ninety-one years and nineteen days, ending his protracted span of life peacefully and hopefully at Norwalk, Ohio, in the family of his son, Hon. Timothy Baker, September 15, 1845. Our subject, as we have said, made brick-making his business for several years during his younger days. He ■was married January 2, 1817, to Miss Eunice Hull, a daughter of John Hull, of Lorraine, removing her to Water- town in February thereafter, and commenced housekeeping in the little house now owned by Dr. Robinson, and on the Washington street front of his lot. It was as boss of Jewett's brick-yard, in that particular locality now known as Goodale's lane, that the writer of this article formed an acquaintance with liim, while hauling the brick of his make for the walls of the house built in 1812 by the late Hart Mas.sey, on Massey avenue, in Water- town village. That acquaintance ripened up into friend- ship as stable as the materials of those wall.';, which now, at the end of almost fifty-five years, arc so perfectly preserved. He has lived on the same house-lot, though for many years in a hou.se better comporting with his altered circum- stances, and on the other side of the lot, during all this half-century of housekeeping. His active business cajiacity led to his election as one of the town constables at an early day, while he was yet a young man. It was before the " non-imprisonment act," and while the collection of debts was enforced by the fears of the " debtor's room'' in the common jail, or a tedious sojourn on the " limits" until some friend could be " moved" to interfere and pay the debt or become surety. A good collecting constable was one who could .show mercy to the unfortunate debtor while at the same time he could look after the interest of creditors. Such an officer was Abner Baker, Jr., during those many years in which he was elected to the office of either sheriff or constable, and I am yet to form the acquaintance of the first man who charged (jeneral Baker with inhumanity and oppres.sion on the one hand, or unfaithfulness to the interests of cred- itors on the other. In the fall of 1867 he was elected by the old Whig party slicrifT of the county, — the duties of which office he had performed as under-slieritf during the last preceding term under Sheriff Chauncey Baker. This term, to which he was elected in the fall of 1SG7, was one requiring more than ordinary prudence, a.s well as tact, courage, and firm- ness on the part of the sheriff of any of the counties bor- dering on the Canada line, on. account of the progress of whaj, was known as the " Patriot War." It cost our gov- ernment and its officers, both civil and military, a good deal to hold the reins of government in firm hands, and at the same time avoid tramiiling on the rights of individuals on either side of the line of the frontier. Mr. Baker was drawn into the ranks of our Stat« militia about 1819 or 1820, being commissioned as adjutant of the Seventy-si.xth regiment New York State militia, commanded at the time by Colonel Anson Hungerford. He held that office for two years, after which he was elected captain of the Watertown company of infantry militia. He was now in the line of " promotion," and rose very rapidly. At the end of two years he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of the Seventy-sixth regiment, where he served two years ; then colonel of the same five years ; then brigadier-general of the fourth brigade for four years, and finally major-general of the twelfth division for four years. Some time about 1856 he became involved in pecuniary embarrassments, from which he partially' recovered by being placed again, by the courtesy of his old Whig friends, in the office of sheriff, the business of that period making the office one of considerable emolument. It only remains to speak of his connection with the organ- ization and conduct of the Union Bank, in Watertown, as among his public acts. He as.sisted in originating that bank in 1852, and was among its directors from the first to the present time ; while he held the office of president for three successive years previous to 1S57, when he resigned to assume the duties of sheriff during his last term. General Baker's last days were full of affliction, suffering on account of a paralytic stroke. He died July 25, 1872. His devoted wife survives him, now in her eighty-fourth year, cared for by a kind niece, Miss Martha W. Bennett. An engraving of the residence of the late General Baker will be seen on the opposite page, showing fruit-bearing and ornamental trees of over half a century's growth, planted by his own hands. WILLIAM HOWARD. The subject of this sketch was born in Springfield, Mas- sachusctts, October 16, 1825. He was the son of William Howard and Susannah Williams. His father was a native of South Carolina, and his grandfather, Henry Howard, with his brother, emigrated from England and came to Boston about the time of the breaking out of the Revolu- tionary war, and enlisted in the war on the side of the colonists, and never saw each other afterwards. The giMnd- father, at the close of the war, settled in Soutli Carolina, and marrying in that State, removed to Hampden county, Massachusetts, with his family, in the year 1800, and moved again with his family to Jefferson County, and set- tled in the town of Wilna, near Carthage, about the year 1828, and died. Before coming to this counry his father married, and had nine children, of which William is the third son and seventh child, and came to this county with his father in the year 184;>. His lather was a farmer by occupation, and settled in the town of Waieitown. Fmni the time William was ten to eighteen years of age he worked in the cotton-mills in M;i.<.sachu.sctts, but on coming to this county learned the tinsmith trade, which, in con- nection with the hardware and stove business, ho has car- ried on until the present time. In the year 1843 he iiiairicil Mi.-ted, as to business aflairs. lie held the offices of town clerk, commissioner of high- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ways, and justice of the peace for several years; but all parties to suits before him, under his advice, settled without trial, he generally charging no foes therein. He wa.s also a representative from Jefferson County in the State Assembly in 1830. He was always an active supporter of the Demo- cratic party. Whether in the field, at the mill, or elsewhere, among the workmen, in the church, in political affairs, or enter- prises pertaining to the town, he wa.s recognized by those associated with him as the leading ma.ster-mind, who.se judgment, plans, or action, when known, were generally adopted and acquiesced in. He, with ids neighbors, has- tened at earliest warning to the defense of liLs country at the battle of Sackt't's Harbor. February 1, 1810, he married Betsy Burpee, daughter of Ebenezer Burpee, then a resident of Jaffrey, New Hamp- shire, who was also a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and who removed to and died in Lorraine in 1832, aged .seventy- two years ; and she is now living on the old farm, and was eighty-six years old Feb. IS, 1877. At his death Aaron Brown loft surviving three children : Mrs. A. B. Bishop, Henry M. Brown, of Lorraine, and Levi H. Brown, of the city of W^atertown ; his elder son, Moses Brown, having died in Lorraine in 1853. Aaron had four brothers : Joel, the eldest, for many years resident at Pierrepont Manor, and engaged extensively in mercantile and other business, was one of the proprietors of a line of stages running from Watertown to Salt Point (now Syracuse), Rome, and Utiea, and died at Lorraine Aug. 8, 1872, aged ninety-four years and ten months; and Ebenezer, Parley, and Water; the latter, the youngest, died Dec. 25, 1875, aged seventy-throe ; the other two died previously. Scarcely a man resided in that town during the half- 15 century succeeding its first settlement that did not seek and obtain cheerfully-rendered a.ssistance of some kind by Aaron Brown. LEVI H. BROWN was born in Lorraine, Jefferson Co., N. Y. He worked on a farm until he was nineteen years old, then started out to obtain an education. Graduated at Union College in 1843. Read law with Judge Jones, of Schenectady, and Judge Calvin Skinner, of Adams. lie was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court in July, 1846 ; read and practiced law at Adaras from October, 1843, to June 1, 1852, when he removed to Watertown, whore he practiced his profes- sion until the present time. From June 1, 1852, to April, 1854, he was a member of the firm of Moore & Brown, and from May, 1854, to December, 1871, he was a mend)er of the firm nf Brown & Beach, .sub.sciiuent to which he conducted the business alone until 1876, and since the latter date under the firm-name of Brown & Gip.soti. He has mainly devoted his time and energies to his profes- sional business, occasionally engaging in political affiiirs for diversion and amu.sement. In 1857 he was elected supervisor of the town of Watertown, over Willard Ives, and in 1876 he was mayor of the city of Watertown, elected in December, 1875, over Ambrose W. Clark. lie was also elected a director in the Jeflerson County National bank, to fill a vacancy occasioned by the death of 0. V. Brainard, in January, 1807, and has been continued in that trust, and has also, for a number of years, been largely in- terested in farming interests. In 187G ho became inter- ested in the Watertown Spring- Wagon Company and the Watertown Printing^ Company, being president of the former and a director of the latter. HISTOEY OF THE TOWNS. WATEKTOWISr. TnE history of this town is so closely intermingled with that of the adjacent city of the same name that it is some- what difficult to separate them. In this case, as in other similar ones, the only way is to keep in mind that the terri- tory of the present town is the subject under consideration, and that all which has occurred outside of its present boundaries is irrelevant to our purpose. These boundaries are as follows : Beginning in the middle of Black river, on the line between the old survey townships numbers 2 and 3 of the " Eleven Towns ;" thence south to the southeast corner of township No. 2, six and a third miles ; thence west to the southwest corner of No. 2, six and a half miles ; thence north to the middle of Black river, seven miles ; thence easterly along the centre of the river two and a half miles, to the city boundary ; thence southerly, westerly, and northerly along that boundary, at various angles, but in a general semicircular direction, for six and a half miles, as laid down in the history of Watertown city, to the centre of Black river, .striking two and three-fourths miles from the point of deflection ; and thence easterly along the cen- tre of the river, two miles and a quarter, to the place of l)eginning. The surface of this territory is moderately broken in the, central and western parts, rising into hills of considerable height in the southern and ea.stern portions. Black river, wliich, as just shown, runs along the north side of the II (irtl) eastern and northwestern sections of the present town, is a rapid stream, affording abundant wator-powcr within the territory of Watertown city, which would doubtless be utilized were it not for the superior advantages and close proximity of Watertown city. Besides this, the principal stream is a branch of Sandy creek, which heads in Rut- land, enters Watertown about two miles south from its northeastern corner, runs southwesterly about four miles, and then pa,sses across its southern line into Rodman. An- other stream, called Mill crook, heads near the centre of the town, and also runs southea-sterly, its waters finally making their way into Black River bay near Sackct's Harbor. From the western part of the city acro.ss the northwestern part of the territory under consideration, and thence south- west towards the lake, extends a narrow marsh, commonly known as the " Long Swamp." The soil of the west part of the town is a dark loam interspersed with gravelly ridges, while in the eastern por- tion the gravel becomes largely priidomiriant and small bowlders are abundant. The original growth of timber in 226 the east was very largely sugar-maple, with smaller qnantitios of beech, basswood, and elm, and some pine near the river. Going westward, the maple became less abundant, and con- siderable birch was found on the low ground. This town, together with that part of the city south of Black river, was originally township No. 2 of the " Eleven Towns." The early titles having been delineated in chap- ter four of the general history of the county, it is only necessary here to say that at the beginning of settlement it was owned, together with Adams in this county and Low- ville in Lewis county, by Nicholas Low, of the latter place, his agent being Silas Stow. The town,ship (the present city and town) had been surveyed in 179G by Benjamin Wright into fifty-two lots of from 400 to G25 acres each, but it was not until 1800 that its settlement was actually begun. In March, 1800, Deacon Oliver Bartholomew, a native of Connecticut and a revolutionary soldier, who had al- ready reached the age of 42 years, made his way from Oneida county through the trackless forest, and made the first settlement in the present town of Watertown, close to its northwestern corner. This earliest of the town's pio- neers survived the perils and hardships of frontier life for more than half a century, dying in June, 1850, at the age of 92 years. Up to this time township No. 2 was a part of the gigantic town of Mexico, Oneida county, which town extended from Oneida lake on the south to Black river on the north, and from the same river on the east to Lake Ontario on the west. But almost .simultaneously with the advent of the first settler, namely, March 14, 1800, Watertown was formed by an act of the logislaturc. It comprised town- ships numbers 1, 2, and 3 of the "Eleven Towns," now known as Ilounsfiold, Watertown, and Rutland, and the main part of the city of Watertown. All the inhabitants (unless Deacon Bartholomew had already arrived at his destined home) were in what is now Rutland, and it was there that the first town meeting of the town of Water- town was held. The name was probably derived from Watertown, Massachusetts, — being considered especially appropriate on account of the river, which ran for near twenty miles along the then northern boundary. Owing to the destruction of the early records by fire, we cannot give the names of the first officers ; but they doubtless lived in Rutland. Bartholomew had bought his land in Oitobir previous HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. (1799), and at the same time purchases were made by Simeon and Benjamin Woodruff, E. Allen, James Rogers, and Thomas Delano. Duniii,' the year 1800 the two Wood- ruffs, Jotham Ives, and perhaps others, came on and built cabins preparatory to settlement ; but the only man who remained through the winter in the present town was Dea- con Bartholomew. The next year, Simeon and Benjamin Woodruff, with their families, their father, Jonah Woodruff, and their younger brother, Frederick, came on and located where the two first-named had built their cabin, a short dis- tance northeast of Burrville, in what has since been known as the Woodruff neighborhood. Jotham Ives, afterwards one of the prominent men of the county, made a perma- nent location in that year, at the extreme western part of the town, in the district now called Field Settlement, as did also his brothers, Joel and De. Titus Ives. It is said that Jotham Ives raised the first wheat in the present town of Watertown. There were numerous other settlers during this year, for when Watertown had once been fairly discov- ered, and its advantages duly observed, it filled up with groat rapidity. Among those who settled in the eastern part of town in 1801 and 1802 were William Sampson, Rev. Ebcnezer Lazelle, Thomas and Job Sawyer, John Blevan, Abram Fisk, Lewis Drury, Sherebiah Fay, Aaron Bacon, Jonathan E. Miles, Jacob Stears, Seth Peek, Hen- derson Howk, Silas Howk, Job Whitney, and Caleb and Nathaniel Burnham. James Wilson settled in 1802, on " Wilson Hill," south of Burrville, cutting his own road from Adams. His son John, then an infant, so far as we can learn, is the earliest surviving resident of the town. In the central part were Eli Rogers, Aaron Brown, Elijah Allen, James Rogers, and others ; while in the west were Joseph Wadleigh, Bennett Rice, Thomas H. Biddlecom, John and Zebediah Buell, Friend Dayton, and others. We give also a further list of others who had purcha.sed land in township No. 2 in 1800, and most of whom, though per- haps not all, located in the present town of Watertown during the years 1801-2 : Silas Alden, Heman Pellit, David Bent, Luther Demming, Ira Brown, Calvin Brown, Abram Jewett, N. Jewett, Benj. Allen, James Glass, Henry Jewett, Ephraim Edwards, and John Patrick. All these purchases were made by contract, and it was not until August 20, 1802, that the first deeds in the township were given to Jotham Ives, P]lijah Allen, David Bent, Ezra Parker, William Parker, Joseph Tuttle, and Joseph Moors. Meanwhile Mr. Stow, as agent for the proprietor, seeing that the settlement \v;ls likel}' to be very rapid, made a con- tract with Hart Ma.ssey, under which a saw mill and a rude grist-mill for grinding corn were to be built that season. Massey was to furnish three acres of land and erect the mills, while Stow was to contribute provisions, mill-stones, irons, and, in short, whatever cost money. The expenses were to be equalized when the work was done, and the mills to be owned in partnership b}' Stow and Massey. The point chosen for these important structures was on the branch of Sandy creek before named, a few rods below the somewhat celebrated cascade upon it. This c;jscade is just within the present town of Watertown, on its eastern edge. The stream, coming from the eastward, pours in several separate channels over successive ledges of rock, falling some sixty feet in the course of a few rods. In high water, even at this day, these falls j)resont an interesting view, and when the country was covered with woods the volume of the stream was such as to give promise of a valuable wafer- power. In this, as in many other cases, clearing up the forest dried up the water, and the more wheat there was raised the less chance there was for grinding it. The saw-mill was built according to contract, and the grist-mill was completed in 1801 or 1802. These were the first mills of any description in Jefferson County south of the river, and are both still u.sed for their original purposes. In 1802 they were sold to Captain John Burr, who, with several sons, located there at that time, and remained for many years. One of the sons, Theodore Hurr, was after- wards an eminent engineer and bridge-builder. From this family the place received the name of Burrville, which it has ever since retained. Going back a few months, we will narrate the first ex- citing event which occurred in the present town after its settlement. We condense it from an account published many years ago in the Watertown Jeffersonian, by the late Solon Massey, and preserved in Hough's " Hi-story of Jef- ferson County." In the autumn of 1801, Friend Dayton was keeping bachelor's hall with his brother-in-law in a log cabin on a piece of land which he had contracted for, lying near the present road from Watertown to Brownville, on the slope of what was long known as Folts Hill. A grand squirrel-hunt was in contemplation by the dozen or so of men in the township, and one evening, just before it was to come off, Dayton took down his gun to prepare it for action. Not knowing it was loaded, he carelessly laid it across his knees with the muzzle pointing towards his brother-in-law. While manipulating the lock, he still more carelessly pulled the trigger, and was astounded by the deafening report of his gun and the cry of his friend, who fell to the floor, ex- claiming, "I am shot! I am shot!" There was no light but that from the fire-place, the men were both evidently much frightened, and, without waiting to make an exami- nation, Dayton set out at the best speed he could make through the darksome forest to seek Dr. Lsaiah Ma.ssey, who had just located himself in the little settlement which has since become the city of Watertown. Mrs. Hart Massey was alone in her house, her husband, his brother the doctor, and other boarders being out in the log barn husking corn. Suddenly a man burst headlong through the door, gasping for breath, and crying out, " I have killed my brother, and want the doctor !" This abrupt statement, of which the last part was somewhat inconsistent with the first, greatly startled the matron, but she soon directed Dayton to the barn, and henself began preparing bandages and putting up some candles. Fltiuipped with these, besides his regular ammunition, the doctor was soon on his way on horseback towards Dayton's residence. It was the first ease of sur- gery in Jefferson County, and the young doctor beciime very nervous, as he approached the place, at the idea of stumbling over a dead man when he opened the door. He found the door fiistcned, but, on rapping and telling who he was, he was admitted by the wounded man, who had secured the door lest the wolves should be attracted by the scent of his 228 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. blood. The injury was found to be a flesh-wound, and under proper tieatujent the young man rapidly recovered ; but the aflFair wa.s the most exciting event of 1801, and was long remembered by the settlers of that primitive era. On the first day of April, 1802, the town of Rutland was formed by the legislature, reducing Watertown to the present limits of Watertown, Hounsfield, and the main part of the city. The first minister in the town, and perhaps in the county, was Rev. Ebenezer Lazelle, who came in 1801 or 1802, and, oddly enough as it sounds to modern ears, he owned the first distillery in town, situated at Burrville. He is supposed to have built it ; at all events, he owned it in 1802. Immigration was very rapid, and in the fall of 1802 there were about sixty families in the present town. Clearings were appearing in every direction, but the deer still bounded swiftly over the hills by day and the wolves howled dis- mally in the darksome glades by night. The latter seldom attacked men, but were considered dangerous if goaded by extreme hunger or excited by the smell of blood. Solon Massey also relates an account of a lively chase which came off in the western part of the town in the fall of 1802. Jotham Ives, the first settler in what is now the Field Settlement, at that time employed an old man named Knowl- ton, who lived near the present residence of James and Isaac Brintnall (about a mile from Ives'), to help him kill his hogs. Knowlton stayed to help cut up the pork in the evening, and when he started for home was presented with a couple of the hogs' " plucks' in addition to his pay. It was suggested that there might be danger from the wolves on account of the blood on his clothes, but he declined an invitation to stay over night, and Mr. Ives advised him if followed to fling away the plucks for the wolves to quarrel over, and thus escape to his clearing. Sure enough, ere he had gone far he heard the sharp howl of a wolf: this was answered by another, and still another, in quick succession, and in a few moments a full band of these dismal musicians were playing their most startling crescendoes in his rear. He quickened his pace along the dim foot-path which was the only road through the forest, still hoping that he was not the object of their attentions. But ere long, though the howls died away, he heard behind him the sound of pattering leet rushing over the autumn leaves with " That long, strong gallop vbich can tiro The bouod's deep hate, the hunter's fire," and felt that he must put forth his best efforts. With all the agility which his age would permit, he sped onward towards home, still clinging to his two "plucks," and losing ground every moment in comparison with his fierce pur- suers. Kre he could reach the brush fence which .sur- rounded his little clearing, his enemies were close upon his heels. As a last resort, he flung down one of the plucks. For a moment or two the animals halted to snarl over the tempting niorsi'l, and during that brief interval Mr. Knowl- ton scrambled over the fence, rushed across the few rods of open ground, and all exhausted burst in upon his startled family. Other animals, more intcrestin" than, if not so savage as the wolves, were the beavers, which were common in the town at the beginning of settlement. A small brook was dammed by these industrious workers some two miles southwest of the city, the adjacent ground was overflowed and turned into a " beaver-meadow," and when a highway was laid out acro.ss this tract it was called the Beaver Meadow road, which name it has retained to the present day. The dam was just where the railroad from Watertown to Sacket's Harbor now crosses the low ground in question. One of the earliest settlers, named Matthews, related to Mr. James Brintnall, who in turn repeated to the writer of this sketch, an account of his visit to the city of beavers in the day of its prosperity. Across the little creek was the dam, composed principally of logs ground down and dragged into place with immense labor by the tireless architects, filled out with nio.ss and {Sticks, and finished with a heavy coating of mud. The meadow was broad and the water was less than a foot in depth. Above its surface rose the mud-huts of the beavers, with no opening visible to the eye. Mr. Matthews stealthily approached, and could hear the inhabitants busy within their mansions, but an unguarded movement disclosed his presence, and the next instant he .saw them rushing away through the shallow water, without any of them hav- ing appciired above its surface. Mr. Matthews determined to investigate the mysteries of beaverdom, and accordingly took off the top of one of the huts. He found a comfortable chamber above the surface of the water, well cushioned with moss and loaves, and evidently serving as both bedroom and parlor for the beaver family. There was neither door nor window, but in the floor there was an aperture through which the occupants could pa.ss down into the lower cham- ber. This was nearly full of water, and had an opening into the pond beneath the .surface. Thus, these intelligent and industrious animals had comfortable rooms in which to dwell, and were, at the same time, safe against all ordinary assailants. Bears and wolves could not smell them through the impervious walls of their huts, and would never think of tearing off the roofs of their houses in order to destroy the occupants. If there was an alarm, the beavere could flee in an instant into the water. But bears, wolves, deer, and beaver all fled before the swiftly-advancing tide of immigration. It is doubtful if another town in the State was settled with more rapidity than were the fertile fields of Watertown, after the work was once begun. The axes of the pioneere resounded in every direction, and the smoke of their cabins rose from every valley and hill-side. Of course the fateful dramas of birth and marriage and death were soon enacted in these lately untrodden wilds. The first birth was that of a son of Adam Bacon, at WatcrtoWn Centre. It was quite a common custom in those days for the first male child born in a town- ship to receive the name of the proprietor, and to be pre- sented with a lot of land by him. Tradition asserts that on the nest visit of the proprietor of Watertown the jubi- lant father informed him th; t a son had been born to him (Mr. Bacon), and added, " I have named him after you." " Ah 1 have you ?" replied the person thus addressed, put- ting his hand in his pocket. '• Well, here is fifty cents for him I" HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 22!) The first girl bom in lli« prL'sent town of Watertown was Sally Rogers, daughter of Eli Rogers, who also resided near the Centre. The first death, so far as known, was that of John Arnold, residing on the creek below Burrville. We are unable to say what couple first led the way into the temple of Hymen (which, in this case, was doubtles-s a log cabin ), so there is all the better opportunity to imagine the pioneer bride and groom as surrounded throughout their united career with all the blessings which love and joy could bestow. In MiRch, 1803, Tillcy Richardson, commonly known a.s Captain Richardson, an old Revolutionary fioldier, lo- cated himself in the valley, about a mile and a half south- west of Burrville, where he was long a prominent citizen, surviving until 1852. His daughter (now Mrs. Lydia Skcclcs), born in the fore part of 1804, is the oldest native of the town, now resident in it, whom we have been able to discover. What is also noticeable in tiiis land of change, she resides on the same farm on which she was born nearly threc-fdurths of a century ago. Jo.seph Sheldon came with Captain Richardson, and settled on '• Dry Hill," in the south part of the town, wiiere he was long a prominent citizen. We have mentioned the distillery at Rurrville, owned by the Rev. Mr. Lazelle. In 1803 he sold it to Thomas M. Converse. The original deed is now in the po.ssession of the nephew of the grantee, Hiram M. Converse, of North Watertown. In it the grantor is described as "' Rev- erend Ebenezer Lazelle," and the distillery as being " near Captain John Burr's mill." Mr. Converse soon after be- came the proprietor of a store at Burrville (the first in the present town of Watertown), in company with the late Hon. Jabez Foster, the firm-name being Foster and Converse. After Mr. Foster's removal to Watertown village, about 1807, Mr. Converse continued the business alone, also managing his distillery and an a.shery, and being the lead- ing man of the little village until his de.ith in 1811. Or- ville Hungerford, afterwards one of the distinguished men of the State, was a clerk for Foster &, Converse during their partnership. Timothy and Anson Hungerford were early and prominent .settlers between Burrville and Watertown Centre. By a law passed March 21), 1803, a State road was pro- vided for from Rome to ]?rownville, running through the western part of this town, and another ruiuiing down Black river through the northeastern part. Both were speedily constructed, and each has since been allied the State road. The first church in town, and probably the second in the county, was the First Congregational church of Water- town, organized at Burrville, in Caleb Burnham's barn, on the third day of June, 1803, by Rev. Ebenezer Lazelle. The first members were twelve in number, viz., James Thompson, Gershom Tattle, Thomas Sawyer, Hinman, Joel Goodale, Mrs. JIartha Pettit, Mrs. Sarah Tuttle, Susannah Sawyer, Jcruali Eno, Chloe Bailey, Hannah Eddy, and Sarah Taylor. The first deacons were Thomas Sawyer and Samuel Calkins, as afipcars by the early records. When Mr. Bnrnhani wanted his barn to put wheat in, llie elnireh held meetings in divers jilaees ; in the ball-room (if Cdluiiel Tullle, in the wagon shop of Deacon Sawj'er, in school-hoases and private houses. There was no r^^Lir pastor, and the prcacliing was mostly by missionaries from older localities. In 1805 the territory under consideration ceased to be a part of Oneida county, the new county of JeflFerson being formed by the legislature at that time. The county-seat was fixed at the little village of Watertown, tlie gi-owth of which rapidly increjised, and the surrounding town of course had a considerable acee.s.s of immigrants, who desired to be near such a promising market. Among those (it is impossible to give a full list) who located in the east part of the town, from 1803 to 1812, were Jonathan Baker, whose widow died during the present year, lacking but a few weeks of ninety years old, William Huntington, John (lothani, Seth Bailey, Doris Doty, Cyrus Butterfield, Cyrenius Wood- worth, Levi Cole, Samuel Thurston, Captain Job Whitney, Anthony and Andrew Sigourney, William Fellows, and Sam- uel Thurston. In the centre were Corlis Hinds, Reuben Scott, Benjamin Green, and many others. In the west the most prominent settler was Elijah Field, of Woodstock, Vermont, who, in 1805, purchased the Buell farm on the western line of the township. He had no less than nine sons and three daughters, most of whom were of mature age, and settled near by, but over the line in town.ship number one, now Houusfield. The whole district on both sides of the line has since been called Field Settlement. Among those in that part of the town, besides those already named, were Adam Blodgett, Samuel Bates, Bates, Spencer, and A.saph Butterfield. In the northwe-st were Captain James Parker and others. An anecdote con- cerning the gentleman last named and one of his family was related by Mr. Masscy, which we reproduce here in condensed form as an indication of some of the troubles which beset the early settlers. Captain Parker desired some hemlock-gum to use in the manufacture of potash, and also wanted some groceries from the little store at Watertown village. So he gave his oldest sou, Alexander, a youth of fourteen or fifteen, a silver dol- lar, bidding him take an axe and a bag, procure some gum, and purchase the groceries, all on the same trip. After dinner young I'arker proceeded to the foot of the Folts Hill, where there was a large hemlock forest on the south of the road. To avoid the risk of losing his dollar (a great sum in those days), he struck his axe into a tree and jilaced the coin in the notch. The task of gathering the gum was a long one, and he unthinkingly strayed far from the point where he had located his primitive bank. When, at length, he had obtained a sufficient quantity, he started back, loaded with his axe and bag of gum. He traveled far longer than he thought was necessary to reach the road, but saw no sign of the desired pathway. Then he suddenly remem- bered that he had passed three .springs looking just alike, and each covered with the yellow scum of iron-ore. He was old enough to know that traveling in a circle was a common phenomenon with those who were lost, and it quickly occurred to him that he was precisely in that posi- tion. Meanwhile, night was rapidly coming on. The wolves were disappearing before the settlers, but there were still some in the forest, and the prospect was not pleasant. 230 HISTOKY OF JEFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YOKK. Convinced, however, that he could not find his way out in the darkness, Alick seated himself at the foot of a large tree, and with his bag of gum beside him, and his axe be- tween his knees, he prepared for sleep or battle, according to circumstances. In the mean time. Captain Parker had become alarmed at the approach of night without his son's return, and started out to see what was the matter. Finding, on his arrival at the village, that the boy had not been there, the alarm was instantly sounded. The men and boys at the village rallied promptly, while Parker hurried home to call out his own neighbors. All met, late in the night, near the hem- lock wood, which they rightly conjectured he had entered. Half of them had guns, and many of the others were pro- vided with horns, which then filled the place of bells, telegraphs, and other means of conveying signals. The company, having organized in bands, provided themselves with pitch-pine torches, and agreed on a few necessary signals, moved forward into the forest; every rod of ground being inspected, and the horns being sounded at regular intervals, both to preserve the line of march, and to attract the attention of the boy. Meanwhile, the youth himself, after keeping himself awake as long as he could, had dropped into a profound slumber at the foot of his tree. Whether he dreamed of the comforts of his rude home, or w;is disturbed by visions of ravenous wolves standing open-mouthed and fiery-eyed around him, our account does not say. At all events, he remained in deep slumber until past midnight. Suddenly he was awakened by a tremendous blast, only a short dis- tance away; on springing up he heard the well-known sound of horns along the line of searchers, and saw their torches gleaming among the trees. Comprehending the situation, he put liis axe on his shoulder, took his bag of gum in hand, and advanced to meet the rescuers. After the first expressions of joy, three shots were fired in quick succession to notify the line that the boy was found ; the men quickly collected, and then, with many congratulations, dispersed to their homes. But in one respect the history of this event is deficient ; we are not informed whether Alick found the dollar which he had deposited in the side of the tree. Perhaps it is there yet. On February 17, 1806, the town of Hounsfield was formed from Watertowii by the legi-slature, corresponding in size to survey-township number one, and reducing Water- town to the size which it retained up to the incorporation of the city in 18G9. There was not much chance for anytli ing but farms in the western part of the town. A distillery was early erected on the Wadleigli jilace on Mill creek, which was afterwards changed to a grist-mill, Lut this has long since been abandoned. Hurrville was at this period (|uite a rival of Watertown. William Lainpson, the ])ioncer blacksmith, had also an axe- factory, with a trip-hammer carried by water, where lie made edge-tools, and which was kept in operation till about ten years ago. James Mann built a tannery there about 1 8(l(;. A few years later it passed into the hands of Thcophilus Uedlii'ld, best known to the old settlers as Deacon Redfield. He kept six or eight men at work in his tannery, and as many more in his shoe-shop. About 1809 a carding-machine was built a little below the grist- mill. Afterwards, but before the war, a cloth-dressing establishment was put up nearer the foils. There had been a hotel from the first, the earliest landlord whom any one remembers being Septimus S. Adams. All these establishments, together with the store, a.shery, and distillery of Mr. Converse, made (juite a lively little place. There was no organized church in Watertown vil- lage, and many of its people used to go on foot and on horseback to attend religious services at Burrville. Mr. Hart Massey made the journey very regularly ; he and his boys walking, and his wife riding on horseback, with her daughter behind her on a pillion. When there was no minister, sermons would be read by Dr. Brainerd or Judge Strong. But Watertown was all the while gaining ground, and the people did not like the idea of going five miles to church. It was proposed to build a church edifice at Watertown Centre (where there was a tavern and a few houses) for the accommodation of both villages. In Feb- ruary, 1811, the "Religious Society of Watertown" was formed, with the view of carrying out that idea. The trustees were Tillcy Richardson, John Sikes, Thomas Sawyer, and William Fellows, representing Burrville and vicinity ; Hart Massey and Isaac Benedict, on the part of Watertown Village; and Aaron Brown, the tavern-keeper, at the Centre. It was voted to build a church at the latter point ; but nothing further was done, and the next year the breaking out of the war prevented all action in that direc- tion for the time being. Log school -houses, covered Viith "troughs" (/.e., half-logs hollowed out and laid in a row with the hollow part up, covered by another row with the hollows down), were the first educational temples of the town. In these assembled not only great flocks of children (for the pioneers were a prolific race ), but the congregations which listened to the in- spiring words of the early preachers, as they made their toil- some way from one rude settlement to another. Among those who preached through this town, besides the Reverend Mr. Lazelle, already mentioned, were " Father Puffer," celebrated for his knowledge of the Bible, which a doubtful tradition asserts he could repeat from beginning to end, Rev. B. Ty- ler, Rev. N. Duttoii, Father Bliss, Rev. Libbcus Field, one of the Fields of Field Settlement, who still survives, a resident of Hounsfield, at the age of 98. Rev. Hezekiah Field, another member of the .same family, and Rev. David Speer ("Father Speer," as the latter was affectionately called), resided in Rodman, but lie ]ireachcd throughout Watertown in the pioneer days, beginning as early as 1805. He continued his .services lor more than fifty years, and died in extreme old age, attended by the respect and affec- tion of all who knew him. The principal physician in town was Dr. Craft P. Kim- ball, who began to practice at Burrville before the War of 181 "J, and continued to do so till his death, in 1872. The manufacture of potash was, of course, a most important business during the settling up of the town, for this would bring cash when hardly any other production of the country wimld pay the expense of transportation to market. When HISTORY OP JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 231 the embargo was declared iu 1808, stopping intercouree with Canada, and thus preventing the exportation of potash by the only available route, which was down the Saint Law- rence, the people of Jefferson County felt as if they were ruined, and many of them did not hesitate to evade the law by every means in their power. Numerous were the expedients resorted to to facilitate the removal of the precious article. We have before spoken of the Folts hill, ou the road from Watertown to Brownville. It was so called from a shrewd Mohawk Dutch farmer of that name, who lived there, and who wa.s reputed particularly expert in conducting the secret trafiBc in potash. Many a score of barrels of potash, either belonging to the surrounding farmers or pur- chased from them by William Smith, the Watt^rtown mer- chant, was quietly forwarded by secret roads to the St. Lawrence and thence into Canada, through the sharp man- agement of the person referred to. Hart Massoy, the col- lector of this di.strict, was well aware what Folts was about, and was constantly on the watch to detect him in some overt act, but without success. Once Folts himself thought he was caught. He had had a lot of potash stored in his barn, waiting a good chance, and one dark winter night he was engaged with one or two assistants in loading it into the sleigh of a neighboring farmer, preparatory to starting for the Saint Lawrence, by way of a secret road cut through the woods north of the river, for this very purpose. Sud- denly up drives Collector 3Iassey in his cutter. " Hello, men ! what are you doing here?" cried the officer, dimly seeing through the darkness what was going forward. Folts was hard pushed for a moment, but his shrewdness did not desert him. " Veil," said he, " Bill Smit, he got me to keep some potash for him till he can sent it off to Utica, 'cause dis tam embargo won t let him sell it in Canada, vere it would pring sometings, and dese mens is ju.st pringing it to my parn. Come, poys, hurry up ; it is so colt as der tuyvel ! " and forthwith the men began to roll the barrels inlu the barn instead of out of it. Massey watched them to the end, saw the barn door fiistened and the team start for home, and then, as he could not prevent Folts from keejiiiig potash in his barn on its way to Utica, he drove on to the village. The smugglers watched him till they were satisfied that he was safely housed, then returned and loaded up the potash, which was soon on its way to Canada. After being circumvented in similar ways a number of times, Massey was at length de- lighted to be informed very privately that Folts had a (|uantity of potash storeul in an old building belonging to him, situated in such an out-of-the-way place that it was very evident the article w:is destined for illicit exportation. Obtaining a team and driver, he proceeded to the designated place, and sure enough after much .searching he found two tea-boxes and three barrels, evidently all full, and carefully concealed from the ordinary observer. Loading them up, he returned to the village with his prize, and, as it was then evening, placed a guard over it lest it should be carried off in the night. For once he had got ahead of old Folts. The next morning he proceeded to examine his capture. Alas ! the t'Ca-boxes were tilled with sawdust and a few stones, while the barrels were packed with other refuse matter. His wily opponent had carefully preiiared the decoy, and had then purposely managed to have information furnished to the collector. Not satisfied with this triumph, the farmer sued the officer before a justice of the peace for carrying off his boxes and barrels, and, we believe, actually collected a small sum from him. Not only w.xs an immense amount of potash illegally ex- ported to Canada, but large fiuantities of manufactured goods were imported in the same way, and nobody felt very bad about it. It seems as if we had heard long ago of very respectable members of society engaging in these transac- tions, and of deacons of the church hiding smuggled goods in the old long clock-cxses then so common, while the revenue officers made a cursory examination of the house. There were very good people in those days, but they were not quite so immaculate iis some are disposed to claim. They certainly had the virtues of industry, energy, and perseverance to an almost unlimited degree. By the time of the War'of 1812, Watertown looked very much like an old settled country. On the principal roads more than half the houses were of frame, the trough -covered log school- houses were abandoned for frame ones, and the whole town was pretty well cleared up, except on some of the liills and along the river in the northeastern portion. Among the settlers of 1809 were Anthony and Andrew Sigourney, brothers, who located in the Woodruff settle- ment in the eastern part of town. Anthony Sigourney's son, Alanson P., born the following December, is still living on the old homestead, to whom and to his brother, James M. Sigourney, four years younger, we are much in- debted for information regarding that part of the town. Anthony Sigourney bought the form of Enos Scott, who died about a year ago, aged a hundred years and six months. Mrs. Simeon Woodruff died last summer, in Illinois, at the age of ninety-nine. A hardy, long-lived race were the pioneer men and women of Jefferson County. Another instance of this hardihood is to be found in James Brintnall, who was among the few new-comers of 1812, settling on the farm in the western part of the town, on which he now resides at the age of eighty-eight, though apparently as strong as most men of seventy. He has been our principal authority for events occurring in that locality. When the War of 1812 broke out, general consternation spread over all this section of the country. Instant in- Viision was expected, accompanied by all the horrors of Indian massacre, which the events of the Revolution had but too sadly taught our fathers to look for as the inevit- able result of British hostilities. With the first news of war came an order directing Gen. Brown to call out all the militia of the county. After the first excitement was over, the service of the militia was principally performed by alternate drafts from the various regiments. The principal events of that war on this frontier are detailed in the military history of the county ; we shall only refer here to a few matters pertaining especially to the town of Water- town. Its militia belonged to the TGth regiment, under Col. Tuttle, and whenever there was considered to be danger of inva.sion, which w.as frequently the case, they were called out en iikissc. Ah, then, what hurrying to 232 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. and fro among those who went ! what tears and trembling on the part of the women and children who remained de- fenseless behind ! Old ladies long told how, in their hus- bands' absence, they took their children and some blankets into the wheat-fields, night after night, and slept there, hoping tlius to escape the tomahawks and scalping-knives of the Indians, should those terrible marauders seek their houses. The first uniformed militia company in Jefferson County was the Watertown Ilifies, formed prineijially in the eastern part of that town in the spring of 1813. William Samp- son, of Burrville, was the first captain ; Jonathan Miles, who lived down the creek from Burrville, was the finst lieutenant; the ensign's name is unknown ; and John Gotham (after- wards Colonel Gotham) was orderly sergeant. Most of the young men and middle-aged men of that locality were in it. S(iuire William Huntington had four sons in it ; there were five Delanos, three Woodruffs, two Woodworths, two Sigourneys, etc. The company organization was kept up until 1846, when it was disbanded on the Tepeal of the old militia law. When Saeket's Harbor w;is actually attacked in May, 1813, expresses came galloping in hot haste through the county, and on every side the farmers were seen hurrying in hot haste, on foot and on horseback, with guns on their .^boulders, towards the endangered post. The Watertown Rifles turned out in full force. Benjamin Woodruff hap- pened to be away from home. Arriving several hours later, he shouldered his rifle and .started for the harbor, drawing powder to u.se from the Watertown Arsenal on the way. Finding it too coarse to prime his flintlock rifle, he bought some priming-powder at a store at Saeket's Harbor while the battle was going on, and then took his place with his comrades. Four citizens of the western part of Water- town were captured in that affair and taken to Halifax. Two of them, Mcs.srs. Aycrs and Iiigalls, died in Halifax ; Mr. Graves and anotlier returned home. Meanwhile, the women, children, and old men listened with terror to the booming guns, often as.sembling in large numbers for sym- pathy and counsel. In the Woodruff district they gathered on the highest point of Beiijaniin Woodruff's farm, whence the smoke of the conflict and the lake bej'oiid could plainly be seen. All the men were gone except old Jonah Wood- ruff, the patriarch of the settlement. Long they listened with fast-beating hearts to the .sounds of conflict, but at length the noise died away, and they saw the British fleet, headed by the " Royal George," slowly sailing out of the harbor. All was yet uncertainty ; they could but hope that the invader was defeated, and time soon proved their hopes to be well founded. On Wilson Hill there was a similar a.ssemblage at the house of James Wilson. After the war the church (|uestion came up again. Even during the conflict, the people at the county-seat had organ- ized Uie " Watertown Eculcsiastical society" for secular puryioses, and by this time they were so strong that the Burrville folks evidently thought it useless to continue the struggle. In October or November, 1815, the regular plaeeof meeting of the Fir.st Congregational church of Water- town was removed to Watertown village. The old religious organization remained the same, but it Wiis united for secu- lar purposes with the Watertown Ecclesiastical society, and two Burrville men were added to the board of trustees of the latter body. Six years later the church was changed into the First Presbyterian church of Watertown, by which name it is .still known. A little after the war Mr. Abel Brigham came to Burr- ville, from Whitesboro', Oneida county, and replaced Mr. Converse as a merchant, remaining there five or six years. But Watertown village had by this time demonstrated its ability to hold the foremost position in the county. All business centered there, and Burrville found itself more and more left out in the cold. The tract between the State road and the river, in the northeast part of the town, was the latest considerable sec- tion to be settled. A man named White moved in there and made a clearing about 1820, and about 1821 William Huntington settled at the point now called Huntingtonville (nearly north of the Grove Hotel), built a dam across to Huntington island, and erected a large saw-mill. Shortly afterwards a scythe-factory was built at the same point. This was followed by a shingle-machine and clover-mill, and Huntingtonville bid fair to be an important u)anufac- turing village. But Watertown and high water were too much for it. Between 1840 and 1850 the buildings just named were carried off one after another by the impetuous floods of Black river. Finally the dam shared the same fate, and Huntingtonville as a manufacturing place ceased to exist. In 1828 a hotel was opened by Charles Tuell, on the State road about four miles east of the centre of Watertown village, now called the Grove Hotel. A public- house has been kept there ever since 1828, except between 183G and 1844. About 1825, Captain Sampson erected a blast-furnace at the top of the Burrville cascade. It was kept up only a few years, and was the last serious effort to establish manu- factures in that vicinity. Deacon Redfield moved to Water- town, the tannery passed through several hands, and was finally abandoned. The carding-mill, the cloth-dressing works, and, finally, the axe-factory, all shared the same fate. On October 14, 1833, the "Burrville Society" was formed by persons of the Congregationalist, Methodist, and Universalist denominations for the purpose of erecting a Union church edifice. Dr. Craft P. Kemble, George M. Jeiiks, and Elnathan Lucas were the first trustees. The next year a small house of worship was erected by this society at Burrville, at an estimated cost of S1550. This, it will be understood, was a secular society, merely having charge of the house, Watertown having captured the Burr- ville church. In 1834 a new Congregational church was organized at Burrville, which is still maintained. For many years the church edifice was used by the three de- nominations before mentioned, but of late all but the Con- gregationalists have ceased to hold regular services there. The town, which forty years before had been an unbroken forest, had now become one of the best cultivated and most fertile districts in the State. The village of Watertown, which was still a portion of the town, with its numerous manufacturing and nicrcantile cstablislinionts, furnished a ready market for (he piuducts of the sunuuiidiMg fMrnis, IIISTOrvY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YOltK. 233 but at the same time prevented the development of any en- terprise in that portion of tlie town wliich is now separate from the cit)'. Tlie next event of any consequence, outside of the usual routine of agricultural prosperity, was the building of the AVatcrtown and Sacket's Harbor plank-road, in 1848. About two and a half miles of it is the northwestern part of the present town of Watertown. It has since been turned into a macadaniized road. It was followed by plank- roads radiating in almost every direction from Watertown village ; in fact, there was at that period a general furor for plank-roads throughout the country. The Watertown Cen- tral plank-road ran from the village pavements south to Watertown Centre two miles, and was coini)leted in August, 1849. It was designed to connect with a line of roads to Syracuse, but the early completion of a railmad prevented the consuinmation of the enterprise. The Watertown plank- and turnjiike-road was finished in September, 184lt, from the village east along the State road some three miles to the Rutland line. The Watertown and Great Bend plank-road, running for about the same distance along the south shore of Black river through the northwestern part of this town, was also completed in 1849. All but the la.st have since been macadamized. These enterprises were succeeded by a still more impor- tant one. In September, 1851, the Watertown and Rome Railroad was completed to the former village, running for about five and a half miles through the present town. In 1873 the Carthage, Watertown and Sacket's Harbor Rail- road company completed its road to the city of Watertown, two and a half miles being in the town under consideration. In 1874 the same road wa-s extended to Sacket's Harbor, which gives this town two and a half miles more of rail- road. Both roads are now leased to the Utica and Black River Railroad. All these enterprises contributed to increase the popula- tion of Watertown village, and by 18G9 its numbers were sufficient to entitle it to a city organization. Such an or- ganization was accordingly formed on May 8, 18G9, leaving the town of Watertown with the boundaries described at the beginning of this chapter. By the census of 1870 the remaining population was 1377, by that of 1875 it was 1279. The principal business of the town is dairying, though all kinds of grain can be raised with great facility. There are five cheese-factories within its limits, turning out near forty thousand pounds of cheese yearly. The prineijial history of Burrville has already been given. It.s business hiLs nearly all been absorbed by voracious Watertown. It now contains a grist-mill (the same erected in 1802), a saw-mill, an axe-helve factory, a harne.ss-.shop, a grocery, a hutel, a post-office, with a daily mail from both east and west, and about thirty houses. The ''Congregational Cluireh uf Burrville," the firet church at this point, has been mentioned in the previous sketch of the town. The present church was organized on February 14, 1834, by the Rev. David Spear. It was then composed of thirteen members from tlie First Presbyterian Church of Watertown, three from the Congregational Church of Rutland, and one from the Congregational Church of Sinithvillc. The first deacons were William Lamson and Caleb Burnhain.* The names of the ministers are not given in the records, but as nearly as can be ascertained they were as follows : David Spear, John Covert, Truman C. Hill, Bellamy, Yale, W. W. Walcott, Frederick Hibbard, Alvin Par- melee, G. M. Jenks, W. W. Warriner, James Douglas, Richard G. Keyes, S. W. Chancy (seven years), A. B. Dilley, and Albert Lee. Mr. Lee officiates at both Burr- ville and Rutland, as most of his predecessors have done ; the services at the former place being held at the Union house of worship erected in 1834, as before mentioned. List of Supervisors of Watertown, from 1805, — the pre- vious records being destroyed : Corlis Hinds, 1805 to 1808, inclusive; Tilley Richardson, 1809 and '10; William Smith, 1811 ; Egbert Ten Eyck, 1812 to '19, inclusive; Titus Ives, 1820 to '2G, inclusive; Jabez Foster, 1827; Titus Ives, 1828; Daniel Lee, 1829; Henry H. Coffecn, 1830 to '34, inclusive; Orville Ilungerford, 1835, '36, and '37 ; Joel Woodworth, 1838, '39, '40 ; Orville Hungcrford, 1841 and '42 ; John Winslow, 1843, '44, and '45 ; Orville V. Brainard, 1846 and '47; George C. Sherman, 1848; Adriel Ely, 1849; Kilborn Hannahs, 1850; Orville Hun- gcrford, 1851 ; Robert Lansing, 1852 ; David D. Otis, 1853 and '54; Adriel Ely, 1855; Willard Ives, 1856; Levi II. Brown, 1857; Henry H. Babcoek, 1858; Ambrose W. Clark, 1859 and '60; David W. Baldwin, 1861; H. H. Babcoek, 1862 ; Edward S. Lansing, 1S63 and '64 ; George A. Bagley, 1865 to '68, inclusive ; Wilbur F. Porter, 1869 ; John Winslow, 1869 (elected at a special meeting after formation of city) ; Charles Richardson, 1870 to '75, in- clusive ; Henry S. Barbour, 1876; Charles Richardson, 1877. Present Officers: Supervisor, Charles Richardson; Town Clerk, Burt W. Gifi"ord ; Justices of the Peace, Amby H. Gragg, Orrin A. Graves, Dexter W. Jones, and Charles L. Cummings; Asses.sors, William C. Baker, Thomas E. Beccher, and Valora W. Smiley ; Commissioners of High- ways, Charles G. Rexford, Samuel Wilson, and Volney W. Hart; Collector, Jay White; Constables, Lester Hunger- ford, Thomas E. Beccher, and E. Collins Baker; Auditors, Cornelius V. Losee, Chandler C. Chase, and Eugene How- land ; Excise Commissioners, Albert Gurnee, Solomon H. Knapp, and Nathaniel N. Burnham ; Sealer, Wines R. Skeeles. - The lattLT, whu died in lS5.'i, left a lej^acy of about two tttousuiid dollars to the church in whicli he had otHciated. The late Jostjih Sawyer also left it a legacy. 234 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. EBENEZER TOLMAN was one of a family of eijrlit eliildrcii of Ebonozer and Mary Tolnian. His father was a native of Attlehoroiigh, Massa- chusetts, and a lineal descendant in the fifth generation from Thomas Tolman, wiio emigrated from England, and settled in Dorchester, M assaclnisetts, with his two sons, Tlionias and John, in the year 1035. The family repre- sented in this sketch is descended from the latter of the two sons, John. His grandmother on liis father's side, Mary, was daughter of Deacon Bonjiimin Slack, of Attle- borough, Massachu.setts, a wealthy farmer. His mother was daughter of William and Sarah Clarke, William Clarke being a descendant of the celebrated Dr. Adam Clarke, author of " Clarke's Commentaries." and his wife Sarah (whose maiden name was Locke) a descendant of William Locke, who came to America in the year 1034. Ills liitlier, Kbenezer, Sr., Wiis a carpenter and joiner by trade, and carried on farming to some extent, but gave his children as liberal an education as his means and the op- juirtunities would atrord,and was not only a man of general intelligence, but representative in his pursuits in life. He was a soldier at the battle of Runker Hill, and accom- jianied Arnold on his successful expedition against (Quebec, and was taken prisoner there by the British, and for an attempt to break out of prison wjus placed in irons, and kept in that way in prison several uiouths. Upon lii.s re- lease he re-entered the army, and was appointed sergeant, but the endurance and privations were so great, liis health failed, and he was obliged to leave the army. He died December 27, 1838, aged ninety years. Ebenezer, Jr., came to Jefferson County with his brother William, and sisters Retsy, Cynthia, and Mary, in the j'ear 1817. Married Miss Hopeftd Randall, of Massachusetts, May 5, 1816. To them were born seven children. He died February 7, 1875, having led a life of integrity of character and honesty of purpose. An active business man, respected by all who knew him. His wife died March 23, 1845, — a woman amiable in her ways, patient in her labor, and consist<;nt as a member of the church to which she belonged. Both she and her husband were members of the Congregational church at Barrville. His son Augustus desires to place the engraved portrait of his father uiHin a page of the history of the town where he lived for nearly threei|uarters of a century. Augustus was born 1818, and at the age of thirty-five, in the yc^ar 1853, married Miss Sarah Louisa Goddard, daughter of Nathan F. and Matilda Goddard, of Clayton, Jcfl'er.son Counly. Tlicy have two children, Charles A. and Luella A. Auifustus resides on the old houiestcad. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 235 ALEXANDER I'AUKER. MILS. ALEXANJiER PARKER. ALEXANDER PARKER was eldest soil of .lames and Martha I'arker, who ouine to AVatcrtown with their family in 1801. His i)arcnts were na- tives of New Hamjishire, and at the time of the birth (Septem- ber .S, 1787) of the subjeet of this memoir resided in Ackworth, Cheshire county, New Hnmjishire. The family of whicli he was a member consisted of fatlier, mother, and nine children, some of whom were born in the town of Watertown after their arrival. His father bouf^ht some three hundred and twenty acres of timber land, and with the help of his boys cleared up a larjje farm — a jiortion of which is now owned and occupied bj' the youngest son, James — on the road fromWater- town to Brownsville. His father was one of the first officers of the Jeft'erson County Agricultural Society, obtained tlie first prize offered for fruit and best-cultivated orchard in the county, and made the first barrel of cider manufactured in the count}'. His father was a soldier of the Revolutionary War, but never had a pension, and three of the sons were in ' the battle of Sacket's Harbor in the late War of 1812-14. He was a member of Trinity church, Watertown, and warden of the same for many years. His father died in 1828, and his mother in 1841 ; the former at the age of sixty-four, the latter at the age of seventy-two. Alexander was fourteen years of age when he came to this county. At the age of seventeen he went on foot back to New Hampshire, and remained with his grandfather nearly one year, attending school. Keturning to Watertown, he with his father bouglit fifty acres of land in Antwerp, which con- tained valuable ledges of rocks, with a view of manufacturing milbstones from them. He was led to do tliis from the fact of his uncle being a millwright and counseled him so to do, and together they built the first grist-mill erected in Jefferson County, which was located at Burr's Mills. Their manu- factured stones were taken in sleighs to llocbester and other marts of trade, and disposed of, yielding them a good profit. In the year 1808, January lii, he married Miss Betsey, daughter of Deacon Oliver Barthnlnmew, of Watertown. ilr. Bar- tholomew was also one of the pioneers of the town, coming there in the year 1800 and settling near James Parker's. Alexander and his wife lived in the rude log cabin .so com- mon in that day in Antwerp for about one year, and returned to AVatertown. AVorked his father's farm for a few years, and in the year 181.5 purchased a farm now just out of the city limits, occupied and owned by his youngest son, James A. Parker, and on which in a fine brick residence, surrounded with trees of over a half-century's growth, all the work of his own bauds in the days of his activitj'. To Mr. and Mrs. Parker were born ten children, viz.: Horace, Emelinc, Lewis, Daniel, Franklin, Cynthia, Charles, Kliza A., George, and James A. All are living except Dan- iel, who died September 1, 187(1, aged sixty-two years. AVhile yet a young man he was considered by his towns- men a fit person to discharge the duties of the various town offices, and he always acquitted himself to the satisfaction of his fellow-citizens. He was for many years captain of the militia company of the town, and bore that title through life. He was in middle life connected with the fljiiscopal church in AVatertown, and officiated as warden of that church for many years, and continued a member until his death. May 29, 1871. His wife still survives him, and is now, in her eighty-.second year, still active in body and mind ; and it may be said here that there is no i)erson living who has been in AVatertown so long as herself AVell and faithfully has she fulfilled her allotted destiny. She has in every sense of the word been a " help- mate" to her husband and her large family of children. Her numerous friends and all her ac. Thomas, Jr., son of the emigrant, with his son, Elias, were taken prisoners by the Indians, and carried away into captivity in Canada, in the year 17H5, October 15. They suft'ered very much for want of something to eat, the Indians having nothing for themselves and their prisoners to eat but the carcass of a dog. They were taken to Upper Canada and given up to the governor. While as prisoners they built the first saw-mill in that country. The governor relea.sed them aflor they had taught others to run the mill. Elias returned to Ma.«s.ichusotts ; married fii-st, Beatrice Houghton, and for his second wife, Miss Hart, who bore him two chil- dren, Thomas and Elizabeth. Thom:is was the link in the genealogy above referred to, and with his wife. Susannah, removed, 1779, to the town of Plymouth, Vermont, and here struggled for twelve years, until a large family had ac- cumulated around him. With a desire to st.v the Black river country, which then w.TS held up with such glowing .iccounts, he disposed of his property, and, in the fall vf 1800 came, on horseback, to ex- plore this great northern wilderness, in search of lands that were cheap and good. Hart Massey, Jonathan Wilder, and James Parker were simultaneously affected with the same desire. When he arrived at Wat«rtown, he found Judge Cuffeen and Captain Butterfiold here with their families, occupying each a little log cabin. Being a carpenter, he assisted in hewing out floor-plank from basswood logs. He made his .selection in the southe;ist part of the town, where his children and children's children are still occupying in their generations. An engraving of the present residence and surroundings of L. T. Sawyer, his grandson, will be found on the opposite page of this work, under the portraits of himself and wife. Thomas returned to Vermont for his family. His friends pronounced it a haairdous under- taking and fraught with danger, and a palpable case of " tempting Providence," upon which it was presumption to expect the blessing of God. They bade adieu to friends dear, and in eighteen days found them.selvcs at Judge Hubbard's, in Champion. Leaving their teams at Jonah Woodruff's, came on to Watertown, and put up with their old neighbor, Hart MiLssey, who had been here since the 7th of March, eleven days before them. The incidents of settlement, the rude Photos. Br Bahta Wat£Ftowh.N.Y f^ifs L T. Sawyer. L T. Sawycr. RisiDLHCL of L.T.SAVWfff, Wat£Rtown,N. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFKRSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 241 log shanty, the large family of twelve children, the re- union of old friends, are subjects of a sketch in the town history. Mr. Sawyer was distinguished for his unobtrusive piety, and his house became the home of the Now England mis- sionary. He and his wife were two of the nine persons niaiviiig uji the organization of the first Congregational cliureh formed in the town, which was organized at Burr's Mills, 180;j. Mrs. Sawyer was a woman of micommnn energy and excellence, and in the early .settlement of Watertown sup- plied the place of a female physician, with a practice ex- tending to several adjoining towns. She was distinguished for kindness and good nature, both at home and abroad, and was a great favorite with her graiulciiildrcn, to whom her characteristic advice on parting was, " Be a friend to everybody, and you will never want a friend." He died, 1825, aged si.vty-eight years, leaving his part- ner to live along to the extreme age of ninety-one years, before she was called to her rest. His grandson, Hon. Lorenzo Sawyer, LL.D., is now United States circuit judge of California. Joseph was only seven years of age when bis father arrived at Watertown, and on the very farm upon which the family located he lived nearly seventy-four years. In the year 1818 he married Miss Mary, daughter of William Pepper. She was born in Otsego county, 1797, and came to Jefferson County in 1809. Soon after her marriage she, together with her husband, united with the First I're.sby- terian church at Watertown ; but upon the organization of the church at Burrville they connected themselves with that body, and remained faitiiful members of it until their death. Her life as a wife, a mother, and a Christian, was of the most exemplary character. Siie was hospitable. Her home was the centre of attraction to a large circle of friends and relations. She died in Watertown, April 12, 1873. Joseph inherited from his Puritan ancestry a strong at- tachment for the Bible, the Sabbath, and the worship of God. He was an exemplary Christian man. He lived to be eighty -one years of age, and died December 3, 1874. To Mr. and Mrs. Sawyer were born eight children, — two sons and six daughters. Only three are living ; the eldest and youngest died in infancy. Elvira died August 20, 1843, aged twenty-three years. IMclissa married Dr. Wil- liam Clark in 184.5, and located at Centnd College, Ohio. She died 18.51, leaving one son, who survived her only two weeks. Charlotte died November 10, 1851, aged twenty- one years. Of those living, Laurontius T. married Miss Cornelia, daughter of \\'illiam and Mary Tolman, 1855. 16 They have two sons, William Herbert and Fred. L. Live on the old homestead. Mariette married Orman Sawyer, 184G; reside in the town of Watertown, and have nine children. Fannie married George Hammond, 1858. They have three children. JOHN B. BALL. The subject of this sketch was born in Lowville, Lewis county, September G, 1811. He was the son of Jonathan Ball, of New England birth (New Hampshire), and grand- son of J(jnathan Ball, who was also of New England birth ; was in the battle of Hunker Hill, and was a soldier all through the Ilevolutionary War. His father was a soldier of the War of 1812 ; moved to Lewis county, while a young man, with his father, during the early years of the eighteenth century, and became one of the pioneers of that county. John w;is second son and third child of a family of six children, and lived at home, working on the farm until his father's death in 1831, and for three years after carried on the farm for his mother ; and at the age pf twenty-three he married Miss Mclinda Bailey, born in Watertown, Jan- uary 17, 1813, and daughter of Seth Bailey and Rebecca Loomis. This was in the year 1835, April 15. In 1838 he came to the town of Cape Vincent, Jefferson County, and settled as a fai'mcr. Remaining there for seven years, he removed to the town of Watertown, and settled where he now resides. An engraving of his residence and sur- roundings will be found on another page of this work. He first purchased some one hundred and fifty-five acres, and has since made additions, until he owned at one time over six hundred and seventy acres of land in this county and other counties of this State and other States. He is among the most intelligent and judicious farmers of the county, and, although limited as to educational privileges while young, and not receiving very much means from his father to begin life with, he has become, unaided and alone, a successful business man of his town. To Mr. and Mrs. Ball were born eight children, viz., Irene, Lucinda, John N., Charlotte, Silas D., Burton B., Eva J., and Fred. A. Ball. Of these Irene and Charlotte are dead ; the rest are resi- dents of the county of their birth. In politics, Mr. Ball is a Republican, never taking a very active part in politics, and never neglecting business for political preferment. Held in high esteem by his townsmen, and respected by all who know him. ADAMS. Tnis town, like many others in the southern part of the county, before tlie division of Oneida county formed a part of Mexico, which has fitly been termed the mother of towns, and was set off April 1, 1802. It received its name in honor of President John Adams, and included No. 7, or Aleppo, and No. 8, or Orpheus, of the " Eleven Towns," or the " Black Kiver Tract." This area was main- tained until No. 8 became a separate town, with the name of Rodman. Adams is nearly square, its sides measuring about six miles from east to west, and not quite seven from north to south. On the north it borders on Hounsfield and Watortown ; east, on Rodman ; south, on Lorraine and Ellisburg ; and on the west, on Hender.son. The surface is generally level, excepting the northwest portion, which is somewhat broken by the lake riilge, which here traverses the town ; but much of the most elevated land is susceptible of cultivation, and there is comparatively little waste land in the town : even what seems most sterile affords excellent grazing. The ground was originally quite heavily timbered with maple, beech, birch, elm, and butternut, a consider- able area of which yet remains. There were also large bodies of cedar, and a limited quantity of pine, which con- tributed largely to the early wealth of the town, .supplying much of the fencing and building-material of the present improvements. The soil is generally fertile : a black mould, sandy loam, or a loam somewhat mixed with clay, underlaid by limestone, with outcroppings of this rock on high ground. The town is well watered, having the North Sandy creek and many tributary brooks in the south, and Stony creek, with numerous small branches, in the northern part. Both streams are fed by springs, and afford permanent water- power. The distinguished surveyor, Benjamin Wright, said, in 1790, " No. 7 is a good township; there is fine soil and good timber. The Big Sandy creek is a large stream, 1 chain 80 links wide." Town No. 7 fell to the share of Nicholas Low, in the subdivision of the eleven towns by ballot, and was surveyed by Benjamin Wright, in 179(J, into 56 lots, numbered from west to east and from north to south, commencing near Hendei-son bay, and ending on the line of Lorraine. Mr. Wright cimijilained of local attractions, that rendered it impossible to run straight lines. The lots varied in con- tents from 240 acres to C76 acres, and the whole made an aggregate of 26,505 acres. This tract of land had been mortgaged to William Constable, June 15, l"y6, by Hen- derson, Low, Harrison, and Hoffman. It was assigned to the Bank of New York, but Low succeeded in getting a release, June 16, 1804. In June, 1799, a company, consisting of Nicholas Salis- 242 bury, Robert Fulton, Caleb Ellis and son Daniel, Joel Guile, Abrara Wilcox, John and Gideon Howard, and Elihu Phillips, followed up the creek from Ellisburg, through this town and Rodman, and the former was so struck with the piobable feitility and value of the town that he went to New York the same fall, and purchased a tract one mile below the village. About a dozen, whose names are given in the following list, took up lands the same fall. This list is taken from the land books of Nicholas Low, in the hands of I. W. Bostwick, Esq., of Lowville, the agent under whom the town was mostly settled : 1798, Elisha Phillips: 1799, Oct. 29, Stephen Shippey, Enon D'Es- tning, Nicholas and Alex. Salisbury, Solomon Smith, Daniel Corn- stock, David Smith, Abrnm Ripley, and Jonathan Cnhle: Nov. 6, Klijih't Edmonds, Alexander Dewey : Nov. 14, Geo. Cooper, Jeboida Page, Solomon Truman, John W. Smith, Francis McKee, Robert Myrick ; Dec. 1, Squier Read, Daniel Fox, Zaceheus Walworth; 1800, Josiah Godfrey, Jcnks Seaman, Simoon Forbes, Ebenezer La- zelle. David and Stephen Grommons, Isaac Baker, Samuel Fox, Geo. Houseman, Peter Doxtater. Paul Stickuey, Elias Avery, James Mc- Cumiier, Kussell Smith, Eben'r Brown, Amos Clailin, Joshua Corn- stock, Matthew Wilkie, Consider Law. In 1801, .\hijali MiIler,John Freeman, .Tosiali (Jodfrey, Daniel Talcott, llezekiah Tiffany, Joseph Cook, Phincas Rose, Robert, Solomon, and Asher Robbins, Simeon Meacham, Timothy Pond, Barnabas Wcllman, Wm. Thomas, Abel Uart, Henry H. Walrodb, Chauncey and Roswell Mills. In 1802, Nathan Loveland, Cornelius Uinds, Sylvanus P. Da<;gart, Abel Love- land, Roswell Taylor, Roswell Coe, John Richard, David Higgens, Aaron Farr, John C. Toll, John C. Scott, James Streetor, John Kudder, Jose|ih Landon. In 1803, Truman and Theodore Bunce, John Jones, John Wentworth, Sylvanus Barney, James Randolph, D. G. ^r. Gaylord, James llenclerson. Thomas James, Absalom Price, David (Gardner. In ISOl, Job Taylor, Eliphalet Adams, Abel Myrick, Darius Markham, .John C. Dickinson, John "Weaver, Aaron Webster, and subsequently many others. Although in the fall of 1799 many parties were in look- ing for lands, yet no settlement was made until April 16, 1800, when Nicholas Salisbury, from Western N. Y., found his way into town through Lowville, by a tedious journey of twenty-six days, bringing with an ox-team and sled his family and goods, fording the streams with great peril, and camping at night wherever necessity compelled them. Solo- mon Smith and son accompanied, as hired men. John Smith, Francis McKee, Consider Law, David Smith, Peter Doxtater, and others, several with families, came into town, and began small clearings, mojstly in the valley of Sandy creek. The terms of purchase were S3 per acre, and an ob- ligation to clear two acres and build a house w'ithin a certain time. In the spring of this year came David Smith, taking up 500 acres of land where Adams village now is ; and later in the season witnessed the arrival of numerous settlers, mostly from Oneida county. Those on foot came by way of Re, " for the purpose of making pro- vision for the maintenance of Mary Richards, said woman being struck off to Zepbemah Tucker, by the town paying him S44 (other expenses of said meeting amounted to 812.50— total, S56.50);" April 23, 1823, at the oflBce of William Doxtater, when the vote of the town relative to the selling of the poor was reconsidered, in all ca.sos except those already sold. At the sale of the poor in 1822 and 1823 the bids ranged from 75 cents to $2.50 per week. The subject of maintaining the poor occasioned much legis- lation, and in 1S23 the town voted against adopting the poor-house and house of industry recommended by the su- pervisors. At a later day appropriations were made to secure the removal of several indigent families. In the main, the poor of the town have received proper care. In 1804 it was voted, — " That tho fines incurred by Thomas, James, and John Richards for selling liquors be remitted to them." " That the pound-keepers provide pounds that they will bo ac- countable for." " That hogs run at largo with yokes." In 1805, voted : " That Peter Doxtater's One for killing doer be remitted to him." Captain Daniel Compstock and Lieutenant Jacob Kel- ogg were elected poor-masters, and agreed to pay interest for the money they should receive. 1807.— "That cattle shall not run at large, within half a mile of Smith's Mills, between tho first day of December and tho fifteenth day of March." 1808.—" That Benjamin Sawyer's fine for selling liquor shall not bo collected." "That Mansfield's fine for profane swearing shall not bo collected of Dr. Eli Eastman." "That C. Lewis' fine for profane swearing shall not he collected of Ephraim Joy." 1812.— A penalty of $5 was voted for allowing Canada thistles to go to seed. 1813.—" That ten dollars be given for every wolf or jtainlci- killed in the town of Adams." Wolf bounties of S5 were offered in 1803 ; of $10 from 1804 to 1814; of 815 in 1815. A bounty of 810 for wild-cats, and SI for foxes, was also voted this year. In 1844, Isaac C. Baker, collector in 1842, who had lost 840 in the discharge of his duties without being in the fault, owing to the failure of a bank of whose issue he held bills, was ordered to be reimbursed. May 19, 1846, a special meeting was held to determine the sentiment of the people on the license question : 231 voted /«;•, and 338 aijaiiift licen.se. Again, April 27, 1847, the matter was tested, and the vote stood 227 for, and 285 against license. The town-meetings were formerly held at Adams village, but for many years past have been held at Union Hall, Adams Centre. THE .'UILIT.^RT HISTORY of the town includes the names of a number who served in the war for American independence : Peter Doxtater, who was taken prisoner by the Mohawk Indians and kept three years, served as a scout in the Revolution and received a pension from Congress in 1834. He died at Adams, Dec. 1, 1842. Others on the pension-roll were John Merriam, Abel Bassett, Danforth Doty, Lucy Thomp.son, and Cyn- thia White. Paul Stick ney was a sailor under Paul Jones, and Preserved Red way was one of Washington's body- guard. He was also present, as corporal of the guard, at Gen. Burgoyne's surrender. Many of the citizens served in the War of 1812, and a company of " Silver Grays," composed of men not liable to military duty, among tliem several Revolutionary patriots, was formed iti town, and once or twice repaired to Sacket's Harbor, but was never mustered into the regular service of tho government. Tho late civil war called many of the loyal sons of Adams to the defense of the Union. A ready response was given to the first calls for volunteers, and when 300,000 more were asked to enroll themselves, the town showed a willing- ness to share the burden by voting a bounty. A special meeting was called Dec. 10, 1SG3, and of the 258 votes cast but 7 were against paying a 8300 bounty. Aid to volunteers was also voted Feb. 11, 18G4, ^larch 21, 1864; and on Aug. 12, 1864, a meeting was iield authorizing the town-board to issue bonds and pay volunteers 81000; 129 per.sons pledged themselves in favor of this measure, and 4 against it. Liberal and praiseworthy provision was also made for the care of the families of those who enlisted. A record of the names of those in the Union army appears in another part of this book. ROADS, RAILROADS, AND TELEGRAPH L1.\ES. The first settlers of the town had only blind paths through the woods for roads ; and when streams were reached, they had to be forded or crossed on foot-logs felled across the narrow channels. But roads were located be- tween the different settlements at an early day, and in 1802 the Sandy creek was bridged at Smith's mill. In the spring of 1804, the State road to Rome, via Redfield, was opened, and ten years later, the State road from Salina to Adams, where it intersected the Rome road. It was long best known as the " Salt Point road. ' ••:^J^ vs^ vM ^ ^- Giles Faf^kei^. f^RSFiHODA PAfi'KE'?- L'_'?'r-*iisy?(^ ._.,._. ;«!*i Res. or GILES PARKER, Adams. JErrcusoH County. N. Y ' 1 Adams j^e^. I Wk v/in^c, AikkT.j HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUxVTY, NEW YORK. 245 The bridges at Adams village have been swept off sev- eral times by the floods to whioh Sandy creek is peculiarly liablo, and their iiiaiiitciiance has cost tho town a consider- able sum. A tax of $Mi) upon the town of Adams was authorized April 13, 1839, for the purpose of building a bridire across the north branch of Big Sandy creek at the village. Jjiberal appropriations for the improvement of the roads and the building of bridges were voted in 1850 and 1851 ; in 1853, $1000 w.is voted for this purpose, and the two succeeding years, §1500; and in 18G0, $1000 was voted to be paid in four installments. The town was thoroughly districted and a better class of bridges built. A stone bridge at Adams village was completed in 18G3, and the bridges and roads of Adams will now compare favorably with tho.se of other towns in the county. The certificate of organization of the " Adams and Elli.s- burg Plank-road (^o." was recorded Feb. 14, 1849. Among those interested in this road were Judge Skinner and others. The plank, being hemlock, soon rotted away, and the road was abandoned about lS;j5. The '■ Rome, Watertown and Ogdcnsburgh 11. 11." was built through Adams in 1851. It traverses the town in a general north and .south direction east of the centre, 7.12 miles, and has an elevation atiove tide, at Adams, of 59G feet, and at Adams Centre, of GOO feet. At botii of the points named it has stations, which handle large (juantitics of freight for those places and the country east and west of the road. There are also a number of express and pa.s.songer trains daily, affording easy and rapid communi- cation. In 1850, O'Reilly's Merchants' Telegrapli Line was erected along the stage road, and an office opened. Other lines were soon after built along the railroad. At present the Montreal and the Dominion companies have offices at Adams, and the former an office at the Centre. The importance of Henderson Harbor as a lake-port, and the necessity of having a line of railway leading through northern New York and the New England States, which is not subject to snow blockades, and, at the same time, affords local traffic by passing through a fertile country, led to the formation of the " Boston & Henderson Harbor R. R. Company," at Adams, April, 1872. The articles of asso- ciation provide for a route from Henderson Harbor, tbroush Jefferson, Lewis, and Oneida counties, into Herkimer, to Salisbury, there to intersect with a road leading to Boston ^•ia Iloosac Tunnel. The capital stock was fixed at $2,000,- 000, and the length of the road estimated at 108 miles; $80,000 having been subscribed, a board of directors was chosen, consisting of S. D. Hungerford, W. A. Gilbert, G. W. Bond, and D. A. Dwight, Adams; W. P. Davis and Simeon Mather, Henderson ; Charles P. Riggs, Turin ; W. D. Allport and Elam Coolcy, Rodman ; John C. Wright and Lucien Clark, Copenhagen ; John B. Clark, Woodville ; and Arnold Webb, South Rutland. May 15, 1872, officers were elected: S. D. Hungerford, president ; J. C. Wright, vice-president ; D. A. Dwight, secretary; and G. W. Bond, treasurer. At the same time, Octave Blanc, C.E., was appointed to make a survey under the giMieral direction of John C. Wright, the chief instiga- tor and promoter of the project. From his report, made to the board at Adams, Jan. 16, 1873, it was learned that a favorable route could be secured passing through the town of Adams, south of the village, at an estimated cost of $19, 021. 54 per mile. Me:(sures were taken to raise the required stock by enlisting capitalists, when the financial crisis of 1873 intervened, and the prosecution of the work has been temporarily abandoned. AQRr'ULTURE has from the first been the leading industry of the people of Adams, and some of the cereals, especially barley, liere produced are widely noted for their excellence. But it was not generally known, until about 1850, that the soil and climate of the town were especially favorable to the growth of vegetables, such as peas and beans. Its situation on the eastern shore of Lake Ontario gives the town the benefit from the precipitation of moisture in the form of heavy dews, which seem more essential to the perfect maturity of the above vegetables than any other condition. Since this has been fully demonstrated, nearly all the seed-peas and beans of the country are raised in this and the adjoining towns ; and, as a result of tliis industry, appeared ./. M. Cleveland's Secd-IIduse. Beginning in a small way, in 1851, to rai.se seed-peas and beans, his business has increased to very ex- tensive proportions, — the yearly product now being about 15,000 bushels. This is grown on contract by 200 farmers, the seed being furnished by Cleveland, who takes the crop at a stipulated price, if it agrees with the conditions of the contract. It is then conscientiously cleaned and properly handled by trained employees, and in houses specially adapted for this purpose. Mr. Cleveland's sales are made to wholesale dealers only, and in 1875 amounted to $40,700, — one firm alone ordering $10,000 worth. The supplies for the United States Patent Office are also obtained from this source. Thirty varieties of peas and eighteen of beans are grown. Contemporary with the foregoing is T. V. Muxon's Seed- Bouse, which is conducted essentially on the same princi- ples. Mr. Maxon has been established since 1854, and has reduced the business to a .system worthy of imitation. His seed-bouses are models of convenience, and enable him to handle the 14,000 bushels grown annually with compara- tive ease. The reputation of his seeds may be judged from the fact that a single firm has ordered as much as $15,595 worth in a single year. In 1877 he grew 28 varieties of peas and 30 of beans. Both of these houses are at Adams village. One of the foremost breeders of the county, and among ' the first to pay attention to l.MPROVED LIVE-STOCK, is General S. D. Hungerford, of the " Valley Park Farm," near Adams village. In 1853 he began his importations of the best strains of Ayrshire blood, and from which nearly all the thoroughbred and grade Ayrshire animals in Jefferson County originated. The importations were from Scotland direct, and consisted of " Kilburn," " Mary Grey," "Ayrshire Lass," " White Lily," and "Queen of Ayr." These were followed, in 1854, by "Lady Ayr," "Cherry Blossom," and " Challenge." From these Gen. Hungerford 246 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. has bred many fine animals, having at present several espe- cially worthy of note, illustrations of which appear in this work in connection with the view of the " Valley Park Farm." " Scottish Chief" is a magnificent 5-year old animal, of perfect symmetry and pure blood. His pedigree may be found in " A. H. B., No 404." " Lady Lyons" is an animal of faultless beauty, and " Prince Albert" promises to perpet^ uate the liigh reputation of the herd. A herd of short-horns was also imported in 1854, among the most noted being " Flourish," " Red Rose," " Lady Gowan," and " Rosamond." Although a fine class of ani- mals, Gen. Hungerford has directed his attention almost exclusively to Ayrshires, believing them to be better adapted for dairy purposes. His herd at present numbers 80 ani- mals, among which is a cow which has very appropriately been named " Old Creamer," and is undoubtedly the cham- pion milch cow of the world. She has yielded in three days the enormous quantity of 302 pounds of good milk, as follows: June 11, lOOJ pounds; June 12, 100 pound.s ; June 13, 101 i pounds. She gave 2820 J pounds of milk in the month of June, an average of over 94 pounds per day ; 2484 pounds in the month of July, an average of over 80 pounds per day ; and in the month of August 75 pounds per day. A day's milk generally makes 4 pounds of butter. " Old Creamer" is nine years old, and weighs 1080 pounds. A portrait of this extraordinary animal, as well as the " Centennial Team" of matched heavy draught- horses, also the property of Gen. Hungerford, and found with the " Valley Park Farm" view, will give the reader a good impres.sion of their beauty and size. They are dapple- gray, 18 hands high, and weigh 1800 pounds each. They are full brothers, " Charles" being 9 years old, and " Wil- liam" 8 years ; are three-fourths Messenger and one-fourth Clyde, and have trotted half a mile in two minutes. The team was exhibited at the Centennial Exposition, and re- ceived the diploma for being " a very superior team for any purpose." They are in many respects a most remarkable team. About 1852, H. C. Averill, of Adams Centre, engaged in horse-breeding, purchasing a splendid Black Hawk stal- lion, " Green Mountain Chief," whose record for speed is well remembered. He has since then combined that blood with the P^than Allen stock, getting a very desirable breed, of which he has made a specialty. In 1873 he sold $1 1,000 worth of this stock, one colt alone bringing $3000. At present Mr. Averill has a number of fine hor.ses, among them " Ethan Allen 3d," " English George," who has made 2.20 time, and " Little Giant" and " Little Charlie," a beau- tiful little team. The last three are illustrated with his residence. Other breeders of blooded horses are J. D. Snell, of Adams Centre, and R. P. White, of Adams vil- lage. The latter was at one time extensively engaged, having a stable of 80 hor-ses. His barns are noted for their beau- tiful appearance and complete appointments. In 1873, David G. Aldrich, of Worcester, Mass., im- ported eleven head of " Lcviss" cattle, among tlum a calf dropped April 8, 1873, which became the property of Dr. Bemis July 4, 1877. "William Tell, Jr.," is a handsome chestnut-brown, is symnielrical, and weighs 1803 pounds. The doctor has also two tine cows of the same blood, pur- chased of Mr. Aldrich, and these animals are supposed to be the only " Leviss" stock in the State. " The Ellisburg, Adams, and IIender.son Agricultural Society" was organized about 185G. Fair-grounds were leased at Belleville, and for ten years exhibitions were held there. Afterwards fairs were held at Adams, on the " Val- ley Park Farm," the last one occurring in 1875. The present oificers are William H. Eastman, president ; G. B. R. Whipple, secretary. The " Union Agricultural Society," of Adams, Rodman, and Lorraine, was formed about 1857, among its chief promoters being S. D. Hungerford, R. P. White, T. V. Maxon, Albert Webb, and Hugh Heustis. Very success- ful exhibitions were held for many years on the " Valley Park FaiTD," at Adams ; but lately the interest has not been sufficient to warrant the holding of a fair. These societies accomplished a great deal of good, educating the masses to a higher and better appreciation of agiiculture. A prominent feature of the fair was the address by some noted orator ; Edward Everett, Elihu Burritt, Horace Greeley, George W. Bungay, and others having been thus engaged. THE DAIRY INTERESTS of Adams deserve especial mention. The peculiar nature of the soil and the many springs and streams of the town adapt it admirably for grazing ; and the products of the many private dairies and cheese-factories have attained an enviable reputation. Of the latter class, The Snilthfield Cheese-Factory is the pioneer in the town, and perhaps in the county. It was built in 1861 by a company, composed of A. D. Stanley, 0. M. Stanley, D. JL Hall, and Charles Mills. The plan for the factory and the machinery were procured by A. D. Stanley at Rome; and its capacity enabled them to use the milk from 700 cows. At present it is not conducted on so extensive a scale, and the milk from 300 cows only is used by the present pro- prietor, Fayette Stanley. Next in the order of time is the Adams Factory, built at Adams village, in 18r)4, by In- graham, Lewis & Heusties. It is a large, well-arranged building, with an excellent supply of water from a spring on the hillside, and h;js a manufacturing capacity of 150.000 pounds per year. It is at present operated by Ingraham, Whitford & Co. The F. M. & J. B. Muzzy Factory was built the same year, and has been operated by the above parties ever since. The yearly products are 65,000 pounds. /'. ■4??^^- Vaiu/ Fakk Farm^ FHOFIRTY or MM-§- t'::'^;::.t- :''v^'y) WWkBii^OAUS.Jcfferson County, N. Y. o en CD m 2 in rn m Z 1*1 r S z s Co > r- n > HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 249 pied for tliis purpose by Hallett. Among the other wheel- wrights were H. Yates & Co., John Downie, and A. AVake- field & Co., who carr}' on a shop. A carding-niill was operated at Smithville about 1830 by Samuel Eaton, and afterwards by D. Hardy and Willard Dodge. This, too, was cousumed by fire. Jesse Smith had a large cooper-shop, giving employment to many men. Other shops were carried on by lilisha Peck and Duane Cooley, tiie cooper for the past twenty-five years. John Ivery was perhaps the first blacksmith. He was succeeded by his son Jonas. Other sons of Vulcan were John Corey, David Hunter, and Joel Smith. John Corey and F. Bab- cock arc the present smiths, each conducting a good shop. Shoemakers abounded, Vernon Brigham being one of the pioneers. 0. H. Kuiidell carried on the trade ou a large scale, having from five to ten workmen. George Lewis and Captain Collins have shops at present. Duncan Camp- bell and WetheriU were clothiers at an early day, and had a largo establishment. Tiic first tavern was kept by Daniel Hardy, prior to 1810. He was succeeded by Brooks Harrington, who erected a frame house for this purpose. In 1828 he built a large brick house on the Henderson side, which is yet occupied as the Smithville Hotel by Alfred Seeley. In connection with the house is a large hall, where the public meetings of the place are held. The first store was kept in a small frame house on the corner opposite the inn, by Jesse Smith. He enlarged the building from time to time, and it has been used for mer- cantile purposes ever since, being at present occupied by William H. Bice. In 1831 Jesse Smith erected a splen- did stone store-house on the south corner, at present the stand of A. P. Hall. Besides these mentioned, Robert McGregor, Dudley and Burr, John Bi-shop, Bliss and Oibbs, Abram Cromer, George Babbitt, TI)onias Angel, II. Knapp, and A. Schuyler were also engaged in business as general merchants. A post-office was established at Smithville at an early day, with Brooks Harrington postmaster. Among others who had charge of the office were George Babbitt, C. A. Mills, Davis, A. P. Hall, and W. H. Rice, the pres- ent incumbent. Tiie mail service was from various points, but it is at present daily from Sacket's Harbor. The busi- ness transacted amounted to about $100 per year; letters daily. 30 ; and papi-rs, 2.50 per week. When the Sacket's Harbor & Ellisburg Riilroad was in operation it pa.ssed near the village, and had a station on the Henderson side. The "Smithville Library" was fonnwl Feb. 16, 1824, with Abel L. Crandall, Henry Keith, Daniel llall, Jr., John M. Bart, C. M. Adams, IloswcU Bosworth, and Brooks Harrington as trustees. Quite a library (302 vol- umes of standard books) was collected, but on account of the removal of some of its members the library was dis- solved in 1845. Dr. E. Adams was located at the village, about 1825, as one of the first physicians. Since then Doctors Seymour, Breed, Pierson, and Lord have been practicing the healing art. The latter is the present physician. Smithville has about 2(10 inhabitant.s, most of whom have become residents within the past twenty years. As a business centre its importance has departed, but as a quiet, cosy village, with beautiful surroundings, it must ever at- tract attention. In 1820 a large frame school-house was erected jointly by the district and the several religious denominations of the village. This house was used for meetings and school purposes until 1845, when a new school-house was built. TIIK FIRST METHODIST KPISCOPAL CHURCH and Society of Smithville was formed Oct. 31, 1844, with Horace Ivory, John Shanley, .John D Gillett, James Mor- ton, and John Bailey, trustees. The old school-house was purchased and repaired as a place for meetings. It was used eight or ten years, when the meetings were discon- tinued, the society abandoned, and the house used for other purposes. ADAMS CENTRE. This pleasant village, of 500 inhabitants, is situated on the upper lake-ridge, which here forms a plain, three miles north of Adams, and ten miles by railroad from Water- town. The location is very favorable, and, being sur- rounded by a rich farming country, the place has become noted for its many comfortable homes, substantial business men, and beautiful streets. Settlement in this locality was first made in LSlt), by Luman and Hiram Arms, who opened a farm just north of the village site. The place was densely timbered with cedar and the hard woods of this section, and clearings were made with great difficulty. The first house where the village stands was built by a man named Priest, who sold out to Luman Arms before it was entirely com- pleted. South of the village lived R. Warrincr, who kept a tavern in a frame house as early as 1810 and continued it until about 1827. It was the first public-house in this locality, and was a great place of resort. Other settlers came to the Five Corners (now Adams Centrej in 1818, and in 1822 Hiram Arms built a wagon-shop, where the trade was carried on by him and his brother for more than forty years. Julius Palmer built another shop in 1850 ; and soon after Pliny Wright put up a building for a like purpose. Both places are now occupied as wagon-shops. A blacksmith, named Wellman, came in 1823, and others of the craft, soon followed, and opened shops, several of which yet remain. In 1827, Luman Arms built a .substantial two-story house, which he opened as " Arms' Inn." Additions were made from time to time, and the house has ever been used for hotel purposes, being now known as the Talcott House. The house known as Merchants' Hotel was u.sed as a pri- vate residence until 1807, when Dr. Wilder had it changed to an inn. After the completion of the railroad, a hotel was built near the depot by E. Oatman, which is generally used for this purpose. Jonathan Davis built the first store, about 1830. His business increa.sed so much that he erected a fine business block, where he remained a successful merchant many years. Upon retiring from trade he was succeeded by 0. Davis and W. D. Arms. Calvin Green built a store in 1835, and Joseph Dewey another a little later, where Joseph Davis was in trade a number of years. Union Block, the only brick stiucture in the place, was 250 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. erected in 1860, by II uU & Whitford, general merchants at that time. The upper story forms a fine hall, which is used for town-meetings and public gatherings. The first physician to locate permanently in the village was John T. Dickinson, who remained in practice many years. Several years after his settlement, A. P. Hale, an eclectic, located there; in 184G, E. R. Masson began prac- tice; in 1855, Wm. C. Bailey, who still continues; about the same time C. D. Potter ; and, later, Dr. Wilder. Be- sides Dr. Bailey, Dr. C. F. Wright is at present also in practice. The manufacturing interests of the place are limited to the "Adams Centre Sa.sh- and Blind-Factory," 0. De Grasse Greene, proprietor, and established by him in 18(58. It is operated by water-power from a spring-pond, a view of which appears in this work. Mr. Greene is also a builder, and carries on his business on a large scale in .several well- arranged buildings. The " Handy Package Dye-Factory" w;is erected by Dr. C. D. Potter, in 1874, the manufacture of the dyes having commenced in 1870. A new building, 20 by 40 feet, two stories high, was erected in 1877, to accommodate the growth of the business. The factory is supplied with an engine, printing-presses, and employs ten hands. The goods are in great demand, and orders are received from all parts of the Union. A rlsumi of the business of Adams Centre shows : architect, 0. De Grasse Greene ; attorney, A. E. Corley ; phj-sicians, Wm. C. Bailey, J. F. Wright ; general mer- chants, Jacob Tittsworth, J. C. Heath, E. C. Crosby; druggist, M. D. Tittsworth ; furniture and undertaker, R. C. Langworthy ; millinery, Mrs. J. E. B. Curry, Mrs. J. C. Heath, and Jlrs. Jacob Tittsworth ; grocer, George Horth ; hotels, Taicott House, F. A. Talcott ; Railroad House, B. K. Dewey ; flour and feed store, Alvah Green ; and express and station agent, Daniel Fox. There are al.so 3 wagon-shops, 3 blacksmith-shops, 2 cooper-shops, 1 tailor, 1 harness-maker, 2 shoemakers, and a few other shops. The post-office at Adams Centre was established at an early day, Danford Doty being one of the earliest ])ost- masters. Since then the office has been held by C. Hub- bard, D. Fox, C. D. Potter, and M. D. Tittsworth, the present incumbent. It was made a money-order office August 1, 1871, and the orders given and received amounted to 810,000 per annum; registered letters, 80; letters received daily, 225 ; sent, 320 ; newspapers per week, 1500. The Adams Centre Cornet Band was organized in 1871, with fifteen members; J. C. Heath being the first leader. At ])roseiit there are fourteen members, and George L. Fox is the leader. In September, 187C, the band competed for a silver service at the Jefferson County fair, receiving the prize. The instruments used are full nickel-plated, and the music executed consisLs of selections I'rom classical writers. The " Union Cemetery Association" of Adams Centre was formed April 1, 18G7, and nine trustees chosen, as follows: Ji\iinan Arms, Joel l>ewey, Leonard II. Green, Abram Sheldon, A. J. Green, Eli A. Secly, Chas. Potter, Peter W. Dyer, and Hiram Segur. Charles Potter was elected president, and E. A. Seely superintendent, which office he has held ever since. The association secured the old burial-ground, south of the village, which was set aside about 1808, and which contains the graves of a number of soldiers of 1812, and enlarged it to about four acres. The ground was surveyed into 344 lots, with appropriate walks and drives. John Cooley was the first interred in the new ground, April 30, 18G7. The number of burials since that date has been 225 ; number in the old ground, 240. The cemetery is well situated, is inclosed with a neat fence, and presents a very fine appearance. The present officers are : Silas Chamberlain, A. J. Green, Henry Yates, E. A. Seely, Charles Potter, R. Q. Green, R. C. Langworthy, Hiram Segur, Leonard R. Green, trustees; R. C. Langworthy, president; and C. D. Potter, secretary. THE ADAMS CENTRE UNION GRADED SCHOOL. The first school-house in the village was a small plank building, near the forks of the road, erected in 1823, by L. and H. Arms, 11. Warriuer, and Major Earl. This was used until 1829, when a stone hoase was built, in which schools were taught until the present .structure was erected in 1857. This is a two-story frame, with three rooms, and was occupied as a district school-house until 1876, when the school was graded, a board of education elected, and the house came under their control. The first board was composed of C. D. Potter, J. A. D. Snell, J. J. Witter, E. C. Crosby, T. Williams, W. Fuller, A. J. Green, Asa M. Green, J. Q. Anus. J. Q. Arms was elected president, C. D. Potter clerk, and J. C. Heath treasurer and col- lector. Rules and regulations for the government of the board and the school were adopted, and W. C. Porter em- ployed as principal and teacher in the senior department. There are, besides, two assistants in charge of the primary and junior departments. The attendance is 120 pupils, and the school bears an excellent reputation. THE SEVENTH-DAY BAPTIST CHURCH of Adams dates its origin to 1817, when several families of that faith removed from Berlin, N. Y., to Adams Centre, and soon held meetings. June 9, 1822, the church was formally organized, with a membership consisting of Rev. Wm. Greene, Charles Greene, Jared G. Potter, Joseph Greene (2dj, James Main, Ethan Greene, Elisha Crosby, Rus.sel Greene, Sela Burdick, Mercy Greene, Roswell Saunders, Amy Greene, Olive Sweet, Martha Greene, Mary Saunders, Sarah Crosby, Amanda, Betsey, Cynthia, Clarissa, and Mercy Greene (2d). Of this number Charles Greene, now past 99 years, is the only one living. At the same time, William Greene was ordained pastor by the Revs. William B. Maxson and Daniel Coon, and Jared Pot- ter was elected deacon. Regular preaching was now main- tained for fifteen years in the .school-house in Greene's Set- tlement, until the church at the " Five Corners" (Adams Centre) was erected. It was a small wooden structure, completed in 1837. In 18G8 this building was raised up, 18 feet added to its length, and a lecture-room made of the basement. It is heated by a coal furnace, and the audi- ence-room will seat 400 people. The membership of the church is 292, and the work is in a flourishing cnnditinii. A Sabbath-school is connected with the church, under the ■A. J':' ^:;.^- J. C. Cooper. Xs;^ ■■"''■•• J-iUikO^ ■■•'.l£'!. ■v< „"^'/"'t'y'-.<«>i; - - ■! ill im v( re Hf] *« y^fitH jMrww"''- — ^• Res. or MRS.J.CCOOPEft. AoAMsJErrLRsoN Co. NY -i>SS .trsaisep.; .-rt- 'liSi ii RES. OF T. V. MAXON, ADAM EttERSON COUNTY, N. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 251 suporinteiidence of S. W. Maxson, having more than 200 members. Tlie pastors of the cliurcli fur the past fifty-five years liave been : Wm. Greene, Eli S. Bailey, Giles M. Lang- worthy, Joel Greene, Alexander Campbell, James Summer- bell, George E. Tomlinson, and Asa Prentice, tlie present pastor, and to whom we are indebted for this information. Jan. 3, 183G, a church society was formed, with Edward Whitford, Elisha Cleveland, Joseph S. Maxson, Asa L. Maxson, Benjamin Maxson, Charles Greene, Joseph Greene, Jr., Job Spencer, and Sela Burdick, trustees. The present board consists of Andrew J. Greene, Samuel M. Potter, and James C. Heath. A brief statement of the doctrines of the Seventh-Day Baptists may not be inappropriate in tiiis connection. The belief is essentially the same as that held by the regular Baptists, excepting this : they believe that the seventh in- stead of the first day of the week is the Bible Sabbath ; they maintain that the .seventh day was constituted the Sabbath at creation, and that, as its ob.servance was enjoined in the Decalogue with the other moral precepts, it is morally and religiously binding u])on all mankind ; that it was ob- served by Christ and his aiiostles; that there is no evidence in the New Testament, direct or indirect, of a change of the day ; and that soon after the death of the apostles the first day began to be observed as a festival in commemoration of the resurrection ; and subsequently, by the authority of an apostate ehurjh, aided by the civil power, the Sunday superseded the Sabbath of the Decalogue. While Alexander Campbell was pastor of the above church there was a division of opinion respecting some of the doctrines he taught, which resulted in the withdrawal of himself and .seventeen members. These, in March, 1852, formed themselves into a new church, styled '• The Independent Seventh-Day Baptist Church of Adams." A house of worship was erected the following summer, in the southern part of the village, at a cost of §13(10, which was dedicated December 15, 1852. The Evangelical Seventh-Day Baptist Society was funned Jan. 3, 1853, with II. Bunce, job Spencer, and Joel Saun- ders, trustees. Under the ministration of Campbell the church grew in numbers and influence, having had 82 members in Aug., 1853. Several years later Jlr. Camj)- bcll returned to the fold of the old church, when the new began to decline. At this stage, in 18G1, seveial ministers of the Advent faith appeared, and under their forcible preaching a number of the new church wore led to accept tiiat doctrine. In March, 1862, a church was organized, with Samuel Walsworth and wife, Job Spencer and wife, Edward Spencer and wife, Jasper ]j. (Jreen and wife, Wil- liam Green, Henry Hunee and wite, Hannah Green, and L. Green, members ; and Samuel Walsworth, deacon. It was styled " The Seventh-Day Advent Church at Adams Centre," and as its members were chiefly those of the new Seventh-Day Baptist Church the society was controlled by them, with the same name, and posses.siun taken of the church. The present trustees are J. L. Green, D. B. Green, and Edmund Spencer. The membership of the church is 57, with S. N. Walsworth and Henry Brown, deacons. No regular pastor is maintained, but M. E. Cor- nell, J. N. Andrews, and others have preached to this peo- ple at various times. About 1870 a Sabbath-school was organized by Joel Saunders. Its present membership is 50, and Z. M. Lewis is superintendent. In 1876 the church building was renovated and repaired, and it now presents a neat appearance. ADAMS CENTRE BAPTIST CHUKCH. About fifty members having withdrawn from the old Adams church, for the purpose of forming themselves into a church at the Centre, on Dec. 17, 1852, they were organ- ized with the above name. Abram Sheldon, J. W. Horton, and L. Allen were elected deacons. Meetings were held in the school-house until the completion of their church. In March, 1853, the "Adams Centre Baptist Society" was formed, with 32 members, and Oliver McKee, Ezra Hull, and Silas Glasier, trustees. The following summer a fine frame church, 4-1 by 60 feet, with a tower in front, was erected on the principal street of the village, at a cost of $6000. It was dedicated Jan. 12, 1854, by the Rev. Butterfield, of Oswego. In 1877 the house was thoroughly renovated, and, with the parsonage, presented to the society by Deacon Abram Sheldon, is estimated worth $10,000 The present trustees are Silas Chamberlain, Eli Seeley, and John Snell. Since the formation of the church, Revs. Teeple, Blunt, Wardner, Mills, Garfield, Hammon, Sawyer, Maine, and Williams have been pastors. During Revs. Blunt and Sawyer's connection there were notable revivals, which augmented the membership of the ehurch. At present it numbers 17G. A Sunday-school was organized in 1854 by Rev. Teeple, which at present numbers 118 members. D. C. Maine is the superintendent. ADAMS VILLAGE. The location of this large and thriving village of 2000 inhabitants is on Sandy creek, one and a half miles from the Rodman town-line, and extending on its south to the towns of Lorraine and Ellisburg. The principal part of the village is in the valley of the creek, mostly on its north bank, although some of the private residences are on the terraces along the stream, giving the place an elevated ap- pearance beautiful to behold, and admitting the display of much fine taste. The streets are wide, graded to a con- siderable extent, and cleanly kept. Outside of the business part of the village they are lined with rows of maj.le, beech, and elm, or the handsome mountain-ash trees. The private dwellings are fine, varied in architectural construction, and indicate refinement and denote wealth. They almost in- variably stand removed from the road, and the door-yards are adorned with shrubbery, native trees, and statuary. The busin&ss houses are substantial, and, without being or- nate, present a fine appearance. In healthfulness, beauty of location, and the reputation of its citizens for culture and morality, the place h;»s raw cpials ; and Adams deservedly ranks as one of the finest villages in the State. The settlement of David Smith in 1800, and the desir- able improvements he made, attracted a large number of settlers within the next few years, .so that in 1806 nearly every att4,ndaiit cleuieut of an older community existed. 252 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. From this time the growth of the phice was steady, but not remarkable, until the completion of the railroad quickened the business life, and the building of its churches and schools brought that refinement which has since character- ized the general tone of the village. David Smith lived in town until his death ; and nearly all of those who were pioneers with him have long since departed. None live to tell the story of the founding of the town, and but a few to recount the struggles of its early life. In the village, Perlcy D. Stone, C. J. Witcomb, and Era.«tus Hale yet re- main of the hundreds that came three-quarters of a century ago. MPNICIPAL GOVERNMENT. An effort was made in 1823 to obtain an act of incor- poration for the village, but failed to receive the necessary support. The application bore the names of Elihu Morton, David Smith, Benjamin Wright, and John Burch. It was finally incorporated under the general act, Nov. 11, 1851, and confirmed by a vote of 79 to 51, on Doc. 19, the same year. The original plat of 812 acres has never been en- larged. A special election was held in February, 1852, but the first regular election was held iMarch, 1852, and resulted in the choice of the following officers : Jeremiah Griswold, J. H. Whipple, C. Skinner, C. R. Totman, W. Benton, trustees; William Merriam, Samuel Harmon, Samuel Greene, assessors; 5Iason Curtiss, clerk; Nelson Greene, collector; S])encer Woodward, treasurer ; Alonzo Maxon, Seelye Hungerford, Perley D. Stone, Ji re-war Jens ; and Samuel B. Bliss, pound-master. Since 1852 the following have been trustees and clerks of the village, — the last named in each year being the clerk : 1853.— Thomas P. Saunders, J. H. Whipple, Justus Efldy, William Grenell, Julius K. Biirllctt. and Xclson Greene. 1854. — Calvin Skinner, Saiuuel M. Bond, William A. Gilbert, C. • E. Totman, E. S. .'Salisbury, and Ilart (Jrencll. 1855.— Justus Kddy, Jeremiah Griswold, William Greuell, S. J. Mcndell, S. M. Bond, and Graham G. (ircnell. 1S56. — William M. Johnson, David Smith, E. Y. Morton, U. Gren- ell, William II. Wheeler, and William 1). Fo.x. J857.— J. C. Cooper, Norman Wood, R. P. White, AV. }I. Wheeler, R. 0. Clark, and G. G. Grenell. 1858.— Calvin Skinner, 0. N. Smith, Spencer Woodward, E. Y. Morton, S. J. Mendell, and G. G. Grenell. 1850.— G. W. Bond, Asa Lvous, 0. X. Smith, C. M. Totman, E. S. Salisbury, and William D. Fox. I860.— William A. Gilbert, E. Y. Morton, Nelson Greene, S. M. Bond, Seelye Hungerford, and A. J. Lovelec. ISCl.— W. A. Gilbert, A. Kcllojjg. N. M. Wardwell, Seelye Hunger- ford, G. W. Grant, and G. B. H. Whipple. 1862.— T. P. Saunders, G. W. Bond, 0. N. Smith, A. Kellogg, J. H. Donne, and (!. B. R. Whipple. ISC'}.— T. P. Saunders, A. Kellogg, George Frasier, T. C. Chitten- den, U. F. Overton, and A. D. Ripley. 1801.- H. F. Overton, T. C. Chittenden, G. W. Bond, A. Kellogg, George Frasier, and G. B. R. Whipple. 1885. — R. 11. Huntington, Philip Sterne. William H, Witliington, A. J. Lovelec, G. G. Wileo.x, and G. B. R. Whipple. 1860). — Norman Wood, J. A. C. Kellogg, H. F. Edmonds, George B. Nolton, W. II. Wheeler, and 0. B. R. Whipple. 1867.-11. F. Overton, O. G. Wileo.\, T. C. Chittenden, A. Kellogg, S. N. Bond, and 0. B. R. Whipple. 1868.— J. M. Cleveland, R. E. Smiley, 11. R. Phillips, Nathan Vickery, J. C. Kellogg, and T. C. Chittenden. ],S6».— J. M. Cleveland, W. A. Gilbert, S. N. Bond, II. R. Phillips, A. Kellogg, and J. A. C. Kellogg. 187ft.— J. M. Cleveland, W. A. Gilbert, C. K. Stone, 0. N. Smith, A. Kellogg, and T. T. Carter. 1871.— W. A. Gilbert, A. W. Ingraham, D. B. Lookwood, 0. N. Smith, H. R. Phillips, and Ilart Grenell. 1872.- Norman Wood, J. M. Cleveland, D. B. Lockwood, W. E. Overton, S. II. Pitcher, and Hart Grenell. 1873.— Norman Wood, W. H. Wheeler, S. U. Pitcher, Hart Grenell, A. B. Uuson, and T. T. Carter. 1874.— Hart Grenell, A. Kellogg, H. 0. Kenyon, A. B. Gilbert, George Frasier, and B. Ingraham. 1875.— J. M. Cleveland, W. H. Withington, N. M. Wardwell, George Frasier, Frank W. Estes, and S. P. Armsbury. 1876.— J. M. Cleveland, N. M. Wardwell, S. H. Pitcher, T. P. Saunders, A. B. Huson, and S. P. Armsbury. 1877. — J. L. Greene, A. B. Gilbert, Asa Lyons, D. B. Lockwood, L. G. Fish, and L. M. Ripley. On May 27, 1852, the village was divided into five wards, and a code of by-laws adopted. These laws have been fre- quently revised, to meet the changes brought on by the growth of the place. The village was also divided into three fire-wards, and rules adopted to insure its safety from tire. April 23, 1852, an appropriation of $()50 was voted to purchase a fire-engine and its necessary apparatus. A short time after, a Button machine was purchased, and on May 24, 1853, the "Tempest Fire-Comj)any" was formed, with 44 men. The organization has been preserved to the present. Lester Fish is foreman, and T. C. Chittenden is chief engineer. In 1853 two reservoirs, of 500 barrels ca- pacity each, were constructed in the northern and the south- ern parts of the village. The following year a brick build- ing on the south side of Sandy creek was purchased for an engine-house and lock-up, or village jail. This is the only building controlled by the corporation. A fire-comjiaiiy was formed in Adams about 1836, and a small cr.ink-engine pureha.sed by voluntary subscriptions. These provisions against the destructive eleuient have ma- terially lessened the damage cau.sed by the several fires which visited the place in 1860 and 18GG. On the night of Dec. 15 of the first-named period, Webster Bros.' store, in the middle of the row of buildings on the west side of 5Iain street, was burglarized and set on fire, presumably to destroy the evidence of the crime. A strong wind, amount- ing almost to a gale, prevailed at the time, and before the progress of the flames could be stayed the entire row was consumed. Among the buildings destroyed were Saunders & Holman's machine works. Carter's block. Skinner's block, Rosa's store, and Doxtater's corner store. David Mitchell was apprehended for the crime, and, u)ion trial, was sen- tenced to the penitentiary for life. Equally destructive was the fire which desolated the east side of the street in April, 1866. All the buildings, from the mill, north, to the cor- ner, including the old Whijiple block, a good two-story brick, erected in 1845, as well as the old Whitney House, a stone structure on the northwest corner, were destroyed. Instead of retarding the growth and prosperity of the vil- lage, those fires purged the place of a poor class of build- ings, and caused the erection of the spleiulid business liouses now lining the jiriiicipal business street. Among the most active and enterprising builders and business men of the village is T. P. Saunders. It was owing to his energy and foresight that the first public hall was erected, in 1851, before the future of the place was assured. It was a large frame structure, with a hall 45 by 75 feet in the fourth story. This building, in common CD life--- .-fcf^ TOWN f . j!^S.*t.u»J^^ . V. . »f r>i/?M V(£w XNO Residcncc or J. L 'OENCE. ^_ .*t-. -rinci|m] donors shall nominate the first board of trustees. Not more than one-third of the trusttcs shall belong to any one religious society. This platform having been submitted to Gen. Hunger- ford, and approved by him, also another resolution, allow- ing the trustees to u.se the income from the endowment fund in any way they might deem for the best interests of the school, the committee then called a public meeting of all persons interested, at the Presbyterian lecture-room, at which meeting B. Randall, G. W. Maekie, and W. A. Gil- bert were appointed a committee to obtain subscriptions to the endowment of 810,000. These gentlemen, about Feb- ruary 20, reported that they had obtained in good and valid subscriptions the sura of SI 0,568. A committee was then appointed to appraise the improvements of the hotel, who reported them worth 813,500. A public meeting was then called on March 4, 1864, and it was resolved that application be made to the Regents of the University for a charter, under the name of " Hungerford Collegiate Insti- tute," and with the following gentlemen as its first board of trustees: Hon. Jo.seph Mullin, E. R. Mason, LL.D., Geo. Frasier, Asa M. Whitfbrd, Wm. M. Johnson, S. I). Hungerford, B. Randall, W. A. (jilliort, Geo. Cooper, Justus Eddy, Geo. W. Bond, Philander Smith, Willard , Rev. J. N. Hobart, Rev. G. W. Maekie, Rev. F. F. Jewell, Rufus P. White, A. J. Brown, T. P. Saun- ders, II. F. Overton, Samuel Harmon, Hon. E. S. Salis- bury, A. W. Ingraham. After the charter was obtained, the position of principal v/x-i given to Prof J. U. Houghton, a gentleman of large experience and high literary attainments, who had long been at the head of Union acailemy at Hellevillc, Jefferson County, New York, an institution which he had raised to the first rank for scholarship among the academics in the State. He accepted the position, and tlie trustees pro- ceeded to fit up the building for school purposes, after plans prepared by him. To do this money was necessary, which was obtained partly by anticipating the interest of the en- dowment and partly by sub.scription, of which General Hungerford gave as much as all the others combined. The changes necessary to fit the building for an academy, to- gether with seats, heating apparatus, etc.. cost about S4000. On September 8, 1864, the school went into operation, with the following corps of teachers : Principal, J. D. Houghton, A.M.; Preceptress, Miss Emma N. Beebee ; Con. and Higher English, Mr. and Mrs. D. E. Gardner; Music, Mrs. J. D. Houghton ; Primary Department, Miss Cornelia Clark. About this time a very valuable mineralogieal cabinet was presented to the institute by Mr. John G. Webb, now of Florida. This cabinet was nearly destroyed at the burn- ing of the school building, which took place some years later. During the second year Prof. Holbrook was asso- ciated with 3Ir. Houghton as vice-principal. During Mr. Houghton's administration the school w;\s noted for its thorough scholar-ship and excellent discipline. At this time military drill, under Colonel E. S. Salisbury and others, was maintained, and in the opinion of the teachers was of great help in keeping up the discipline of the school. On January 29, 1868, the building was consumed by fire. At that time it, with its contents, w;is in.sured for 814,000. About 813,400 was paid to the trustees by the insurance company. February 3, five days after the fire, a meeting of the tru.stees was held at Hungerford's National Bank, when it was resolved to erect another building imtuediately. At this meeting the question of change of site was intro- duced, and the site upon which the building now stasids was selected. General S. D. Hijngerford then said he wished to be allowed to give the land selected to the trustees, if it could be procured. This offer was accepted, with thanks. The work of building was soon after en- tered upon with great energy. The trustees had at their disposal about 816,000. They were authorized to expend §20,000 in the erection of a suitable building for an acad- emy and boarding-hall, tliat should accommodate at least as many students as the former building. About June 1 work on the new building was begun. The plans were by J. D. Houghton and Mr. White, of Syracuse. The mason work was under the direction of Asa Lyons, of Adams. The carpenter work was done by Wm. II. Wheeler, with David Gaylord, both of Adams, as architect in charge. Under this energetic management, seconded by the strenu- ous efforts of the building comiuittco, the house was inclosed in the fall of 1868. The size of the building is 97 by 129 feet, four stories high, and is heated by steam and thoroughly ventilated. It was found that the building committee had gone beyond the authorized limit,— 820,000, — having expended $20,240 on the outside of the building. Various plans were pro- posed for raising the necessiu-y funds for its completion, dmong others that of bonding the village corporation, and a law was passed by the legislature for that purpose, but Wiis vetoed by Governor Hoffman. A public meeting was then held in the unfinished building to take into considera- tion ways and means to rai.sc money to finish it, at which General Huiigerlord agreed to give 85000, provided the sum of 812,000 should be raised by other parties. This offer he afterwards modified by agreeing to give as mucli as all others up to the sum of 810,000. About 87000 were Res, or MISS LJ. BULLOCK , Adams Jefferson Co..Hy. ■ ■'■■ y ^ hfts.of A.J. G'KtliN,Ao>^MsCENTtfc,jErfEnsoNCo..N.Y. HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 259 secured by citizi'iis, nnd the work of fiiiisliiii;^ (lie UuilJiiij; was entered upon, and on Au;j;ust 24, ISTO, the coinpleti'd building was dedieated to the interests for wliich it iiad been erected. On the 28th tiie school was opened in the new buildinsr, witii the following corps of teachers: Albert B. Watkius, A.M., principal ; Orlo I?. Rhodes, A.M., vice-principal ; Mrs. H. N. Butterworth, preceptress; Mrs. L. 1}. Woodward, teacher common English ; Miss L. Chatfield,oil painting and drawing; Jlr. W. H. H.Taylor, commercial; Mr. Gustavo Gunthcr, music; Jlrs. H. R. Watkins, Spanish and Eng- lish. Messrs. Watkins and Rhodes still retain their re- spective positions, and have succeeded by their earnest efforts, seconded by an efficient body of teachers, in build- ing up a reputation for the school for thorough scholarship sewmd to none in the State. There are six courees of study: 1, chis.^ical ; 2, English ; 3, college ])reparatory ; 4, scienti6e or engineering ; 5, com- mercial ; G, music. There are three literary societies connected with the school, — '• Kiiiisas/ceaii," " Ko/iniKil/irdii," and '' dt/isoj>lii(iii." The library contains 1421 carefully-selected volumes, and is always accessible to the students. A public reading- room contains tlio latest papei's and magazines upon the table, and open at all pnjper hours. The chemical and philosophical apparatus is lull and complete, leaving but little to be desired by those who are pursuing the study of the natural sciences. The Institute has al.so a first-class mineralogical cabinet, which was mainly the gift of Wm. Rosa, M.D., of Watertown. and J. G. Webb, formerly of the State Geological and Mineralogical Survey. The influence of the school is beginning to show itself in the increased interest in literary and scientific subjects, and the trustees confidently look forward to the time when it shall have secured such a hold on the affections of the community in which it is located that a liberal endowment shall be cheerfully provided for it. The present officers and faculty is, French and Paint- ing; Mrs. L. B. Woiulward, English Department ; Mi-s. A. 1?. Watkins, Spanish and English ; Mrs. O. B. Rhodes, German ; Mrs. H. F. Nefflen, Elocution ; Miss Jennie M. Clarke, Telegraphing. Primary department, Mi-s. O. B. Rhodes, Principal ; Assistants, Miss L. J. Martin, fall and winter terms; Miss F. A. Kcegan, spring term. Librarian, Orlo B. Rhodes. TIIE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH of Adams village was organized as the " First Congrega- tional church of Adams," by the Rev. Ebenezer Lazell, July, 1804, and consi.sted of the following six members: Joshua Reals, Jacob Kellogg, Abram Griswold, David Comstock, Betsey Griswold, and Asenath Cooper. Divine worship had been established on the Sabbath, in ISOl, at the house of Jacob Kellogg, and in 1802 the first sermon was preached by the Rev. Woodward, a missionary. From the time of the formation of the church services were con- ducted according to the ordinances of the Congregational church, until 1821. January 27, 1821, while the Rev. George W. Gale was ])astor, the Presbyterian form of gov- ernment was adopted, and has prevailed ever since. The membership increased gradually, and there was no notable addition to its numbers until the completion of the church in 1818. The following year there were forty added. The following is a li.st of the ministers, and, as nearly as may be, a correct statement of their time of service and of the additions to the church during their labors respectively : Rov. Eljcnczer Lazell, 1801, organized as above; length of timo unknown. Rev. Mr. Phelps, 1806, length of time unknown. AJditious, 3. Additions in 1807, 3. Rev. David Spear, 180S, nine months; additions, 21). Rev. Chauncey Cook, 1811, nearly four years; additions, 2a. In- stalled. Rev. Mr. Burt, 1810, three munihs; additions, 2. Rev. Mr. Pitrter, 1810, two years. Rev. Eno8 Bliss, 1818, six months; additions, 35. Rev. George \V. Gale. April, 181!) ; installed by the St. Lawrence Presbytery, October 2J, 1819. Resigned in 1823; additions, 120. Rev. John Sessions, 1824, over five years; additions, 80. Installed. Rev. I. A. Ilart, 1830, probably one ami a half years; additions, 9.3. Rev. D. A. Clark, 1832, one year; additions, 2. Installed. Rev. I>e.\icr Clary, 1833, less than one year; additions during this and part of the succeeding year, 36. Rev. J. Myers, 18:!4, two years; additions, 8. Rev. C. Jones, 1830, about nine months : additions during this and the two succeeding years, 10. Rev. John II. Carle, 1839; length of time unknown; additions during this and the year following, 12. Rev. R. 11. Kirk, 1810, about four years ; additions, 01. Installed. Rev. F. J. Jackson, 1840, eighteen months; additions during this and the two successive years, 33, Rev. P.C. lleadley, 1849, four years : additions, 22. Installed. Rev. E. C. Priehetl, 1854, two years; additions, 7. Installed. Rev. H. L. l)o.\, 1857; additions, 80. Rev. G. W. Mackie, April, 1802, three years; additions, 62. Rev. E. Lord, August 1, 1865, five years; aclditions, 133. Rev. G. il. Smith, .'Vpril 1, 1871, terra of service, one year eleven months; additions, 16. Rev, G. B. Barnes, November 1, 1873, present incumbent; addi- tions, 57. The total number who have united with the church is about 800. The present membership is 219. During Mr. Gale's ministry, a general revival of religion occurred, and in 1822, G3 united with this church, among whom was Charles G. Finney, who has since acquired a 2G0 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. national celebrity as an evangelist, and is now president of Oberlin College. He had previously been a law student, under Judge B. Wright, and evinced an ability and sagacity that would doubtless have made him eminent in that pro- fession. His attention is .said to have been turned to re- ligious subjects under the preaching of the Rev. Jedediah Burchard,* who has attained a distiiietion not less general as a revival preacher, and of whose labors wc shall have repeated occasions to mention in the following pages. The preaching of Mr. Finney has been remarkable for the boldness and originality of his logic, and the strengtli and clearness of his arguments, which seldom fail to secure the undivided attention of his audience, without tho.se extra- neous aids to excitement which, in the hands of some, have produced analogous results. His first ministerial labors were performed in Lorraine, and previous to his commencing his career as a revival preacher he was em- ployed at Evans' Mills and elsewhere as a stated supply.f At about the same time that Mr. Finney's attention was directed to religious matters, Orson Parkers mind was awakened in a like manner. He soon after professed con- version, and became one of the most powerful revivalists of his day, being in.strumental in leading thousands to Christ. While Dr. Headley was at Adams, he wrote some of the most important books which bear his name, in addition to his pastoral duties. THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL SOCIETY of Adams was formed Aug. 28, 1805, with Jacob Kellogg, Eliphalet Adams, Elijah Fox, and Simeon Meacham, trus- tees. About 1818 they erected a church, 30 by 40 feet, which was used seven or eight years, when it was sold to the Methodists. In 1825 the present church was com- menced, and completed for dedication July 2G, 182G. Its original cost was $7000, and it was enlarged and remodeled in 1858, and subsequently at a cost of about $4000. The building is a well-preserved frame, with an audience-room having 400 .sittings. The present trustees of the society arc 11. J. Traver, D. A. Bwight, and H. M. Wardwcll. The. first Session of the Eldership was organized Janu- ary 27, 1821, consisting of tlie following six moinbei's : Abel Clary, Jacob Kellogg, Josiah llinman, Westwood Wright, William Grencll, Samuel Bond. Benjamin Wright, Perley D. Stone, and John Tliiiman were elected March 26, 1827. Rus.sel Stow, Hiram Arms, Hcman Grencll, Albert G. Redway, and Samuel Graves were elected No- vember 23, 1840. The rotary system of eldership was adopted May 26, 1858. The church decided tliat the session should con- sist of nine members, the three oldest to hold their offices one year, the three next in ago two years, and the three youngest three years ; and thereafter one class to be elected annually, and hold their offices respectively three years. • After n life of eminent usefulness', the Rev. liurchanl imliil his earthly career at Adamn, uttering the words, " I am content," and calmly sank tu hi.s rest. His remains are interred in the rural ceme- tery. t Dr. Ilough. The following have been elected since 1858 : Samuel Bond, Samuel Graves, Perley D. Stone, Albert G. Redway, Sylvester Bliss, Samuel N. Bond, Graham G. Grenell, Gil- bert S. Dodge, Julius K. Bartlctt, Synus A. Merriara, Willet R. Willis, Azariah Dove; and the present board: Justus Eddy, Dalton A. Dwight, Joseph Withington, Austin H. Coughlan, A. Kent Hale, and John S. Redway. A Sunday-school was organized in 1825, with Rev. John Sessions superintendent. Dr. A. Kent Hale at present fills that office. The member.sliip of the school is 170, and there is a library of 300 volumes. The foregoing history was compiled, to a large extent, from data furni.shed by the pastor. Rev. G. B. Barnes. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Members of this faith lived in the town at an early day, and classes were formed in different localities prior Co 1828 ; but in that year they were formed into a circuit, and there- after supplied with a regular preacher. The members living principally at Adams village. The First S'icieti/ of the M< ihodist Episcopal Church of Adams was formed at that place October 24, 1828. The trustees elected were Laban Ross, Philip Younge, David Wright, Zophania Jacker, Chester McKee, Daniel Dike- man, and John Adams. This board was reorganized in 1838, when John C. Cooper, Timothy Lawrence, William E. Whitney, Andrew Blaekstone, Stej)hen Kilbourne, Ly- man Wright, and Selah Hungerford were appointed trustees. The old Presbyterian church was secured as a place of worship and used by the Methodists until its destruction by fire in 1852. In 1853 a very neat and imposing frame edifice, 44 by 84 feet, was erected at a cost of §6000. The same year a parsonage was built on the adjoining lot, cost- ing $2000. In 1875 .several thou.sand dollaii» were ex- pended in renovating and beautifying the church, and it will now compare favorably with similar village churches. The estimated value of the proj)erty is $12,000, which is controlled by the following trustees : J. D. Burlingamc, J. C. Schram, Lester Fish, E. F. Ramsdell, Jacob Brim- mer, Austin Cisco, and I. L. Hunt, Jr. The growth of the ehureh-work was steady and effective, and the member- ship now numbers 225. The contributions of the church in 1876 amounted to $1430. The following reverend gentlemen have served as pastors, in the order named, since 1828: W. W. Nindc, David Kingsley, Schuyler Hoes, Harvey Chapin, Elijah Smith, Hiram IMattison, Arza J. Phelps. William Wyatt, Walter Hare, John Loveaee, John F. Dayan, Isiuic S. Hinghani, C. W. Lect, W. H. Hawkins, P. D. Gorrie, Hiram Matti- son, William X. Niiule, John W. Armstrong, William L. Tisdale, J. C. Vandereook, Frank F. Jewell, Lewis Mere- dith, Jolin T. Hewitt, Sidney 0. Barnes, Henry W. Ben- nett, and Eli C. Bruce, the present incumbent. A Sunday -school w:us organized soon aft<'r the church was formed, and lias been conducted ever since. There are 150 members, and 418 volumes in the library. I. L. Hunt, Jr., is the superintendent. In 1844, Adams circuit, with the adjoining ones of Rod- man, Lorraine, Smithvillc, and a portion of Watcrtown, were formed into The Adams District, with the elders resident ''-^ fy •Samuel' 'f'*^' ^.^^^^pm^tyi^y'^Y^''^^ HISTORY OF JEFFEllSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 261 at Adams. Revs. Lewis Whitcomb, N. Salisbury, I. Stone, George C. Woodruff, George t^ary, J. Phelps, Gardner Baker, Freeman H. Stanton, Daniel W. Roncy, Thomas Richoy, Melviu 1). Kinney, and Isaac Bingbaiu, at present in offic-e, have been elders of tliis district, and to their efforts the success of Methodism is due to a Iar<>-e extent. THE BAPTIST CHURCH AND SOCIETY at Adams village was organized March 30, 1837, with Jesse Wright, Hannibal Miller, and Spencer Woodward, trustees. Meetings were held in the school-house, and in the build- ing now used as an engine-house, until 1847, when a frame church was erected, costing $;J5U0, which was dedicated in January, 1848. This was used until 1871, when it was re- moved to give place to the present edifice, and it has since been transformed into a furniture warehouse. The same year, A. J. Brown, H. 0. Kenyon, and A. W. Ingraham were appointed a building committee, and under their su- pervision the magnificent structure on Church street was erected in 1871. It is built in Gothic style, of brick, with a handsomely variegated slate roof The main buildin- is 40 by 90 feet, 32 feet high, and is relieved by a well-propor- tioned tower. On its west side is a two-story wing, 40 by 45 feet, arranged into a Sabbath-school room, clunch par- lor, and pastor's study. The interior is embellished by neat frescoes and chaste furniture, and is heated by three fur- naces. The cost of the building was about §25,000, and it was dedicated Oct. 10, 1871, by Dr. Patton, oj" New York, and Dr. Bridgeman, of Albany. The present tru.s- tees are A. W. Ingraham, H. 0. Kenyon, J. S. Brown, W. D. Arms, and B. F. Hawcs. Rev. Charles Clark was the first regular minister, and liis faithful jiastoratc gave the church the character which became the corner-stone of its future prosperity. He w:is succeeded in 1850 by C. Ilartson, and a year later by M C. Manning. In 1857, H. 0. Reals became pastor, and his connection was blessed with many baptisms and acces- sions. He w;is followed, in 18(50, bv Wm. (Jarnett. who was succeeded in June, IStil, by I. N. Hobart. His pas- torate was noted for the changes in the cliurch membership, first of withdrawals, and then the lar-e incroa.se which fol- lowed. He remained with the church until iMarch, ISGtJ, and was succeeded the following September by Thomas Cull.' In 1SG8, S. P. Merrill was employed, and in 1874, William Ostler. The present p^istor, W. H. Hawley, w;ls settled January, 1875. The current expenses of the church are SISOO per year, and $:550 is raised annually for benevolent purpo.-es. The present membership is 2G3. A Sunday-school wtis organized February 12, 1847, with H. Miller, superintendent; A. J. Brown is the present in- cumbent. The school numbers 214, and has a library of 300 volumes. THE EJIANUEL EPISCOPAL CHURCH. A proposition to organize an Episcopal church havin- been made to Bishop De Laneey, his consent was secured Jan. 22, 1849, and on the 4th of February the notice to torm a congregation was duly read by H. B. Whipple lav reader. On the 18th of February, 1849, the church'was legally formed, the Rev. J. M. Bartlett being rector. Henry B. Whipple and William Jlorton Johnson were chosen wardens; and John McCarty, D.ivid Gaylord, Hiram Salis- bury. Philip R. Ward, John Wright, Justus Eddy, Charles W. Rogers, and Thomas Dobson, vastrymen. Steps were at once taken to erect a chapel in the Gothic style, to cost not more than -52000. This wa.s so far accomplished, chiefly through the instrumentality of H. B. Whipple, afterwards and now a bishop of the church, that the corner-stone was laid Oct. 9, 1849. Justus Eddy, II. 15. Whipple, and C. W. Rogei-s were appointed a building committee Jan. 8, 1850 ; a corporate seal was adopted, consisting of the words '•Emanuel Church, ISth February, 1849," with a cross in the centre. The chapel was recorded complete, June 19, 1850, and Rev. William Heathcotc and Bishop De Lanccy requested to dedicate it. The building is a neat frame, surmounted by a spire, and was constructed within the limited cost. The Rev. T. F. Ward well succeeded the Rev. Bartlett as rector, and remained a year. The other rectors of the church have been the Revs. 0. E. Herrick, Wm. Paret, Jcdediah Winslow, Daniel E. Loveridge, and II. Ormsby, who resigned Sept. 2, 1876. At present there is no rector of the parish. On the 28th of April, 1875, a rectory was purchased on Main street for $2300. The membership of the church is 60, and the members of the oflticial board arc Albert B. Watkins and S. A. Barney, wardens; 31. D. Mannville, M. H. Fox, Henry Dodd, C. B. Gaylord, C. E. Segur, B. Ingraham, H. Haydn, and W. II. Little, vestrymen. A Sunday-school was organized twenty-five years ago. A. B. Watkins is superintendent. It has 30 members, and 200 volumes in library. The acknowledgments of the publishers are justly due to the many who have furnished information in connection with the history of Adams, its villages, and numerous pub- lic and private institutions. To all we would say thanks. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. GENERAL SOLON DEXTER HUNGERFORD. General Hungcrford, who.se history is .so intimafdy con- nected with that of Jefferson County, and esijecially of the town of Adams, belongs to a family whose genealogy can be traced for at least two centuries. Thomas Hungerford came from the parish of Shetford, England, thirty or forty miles from London, and went to Hartford, Connecticut, before the year 1639. Mention is made of a descendant of the same name in the Hartford State Records, and in looking over the American Archives we find that one John P. Hungerford was an officer in the Revolution, and member of Congress from 1813 to 1817, and died at Tur- ford, Virginia, at the age of seventy- four. At the licad of the fifth generation wo have Dexter Hungerford, who married Marietta Burr, to whom were 262 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. born five children. Tlie history of the Burr branch of the faiuil}' is a remarkable one, including the famous Aaron Burr, and other men of genius. The third of this family, the subject of our sketch, was horn March 12, 1808. His earliest home wa.s on a farm in Watertown. lie entered the dry goods store of Mr. Adricl Ely at the age of fifteen, which proved a business discipline of great service in shaping his successful finan- cial career. After remaining in this position for four years, he de- cided to j)rei)are for a collegiate course, but, upon the ad- vice of bis kinsman, Hon. Orville Ilungerford, he took the position of book-keeper in the Jefferson County bank for a year. At the e.\i)iration of that time he was promoted to the position of ti-llor, which office he held for eight years, when he was elected cashier of Lewis County bank, at Martinsburg. At the end of two years he was urged by his friend, Mr. Ely, and his uncle, Hon. Orville Hun- gerford, to go into banking on his own account, under the general banking law of 1838. Through the influence and at the tirgent invitation of his friend, Robert B. Doxtatcr, and other leading citizens, he was induced to found an institution at Adams, Jciferson County, called Hungerford's bank, with a capital of fifty thousand dollars, October 25, 1845, which he successfully conducted as an individual bank till September, 1853, when the capital was increased to one hundred and twenty- five thousand dollars, with the same name, and under a board of directors of which General Hungerford was pres- ident. The Jiankers' Magazine, after a notice warmly commending the management of the Hungerford National bank, as it became under the national banking law, men- tions a " remarkable fact connected with the history of Hungerford's bank. It has never suspended specie pay- ments during its existence of upwards of twenty years, having honored every and all demands in coin, till the ad- vent of greenbacks, in 1861." Mr. Hungerford is probably the oldest banker in the State, although scarcely beyond middle age, and has no superior in the successful management of this complicated business. For clearness of judgment, pleasing address, and, beyond all, honest and reliable financial management, he is equally remarkable. His love for agriculture has always been intense, both from the real pleasure it afforded and the beneficial influ- ence upon his health, while it was intimately connected with liis business operations. He has for many years been closely identified with the Jeflcrson County and New York Slate Agricultural so- cieties. For sixteen years he was on the executive board of the State society, and finally took the chair of president. His " Valley Park Farm" is one of the mo.st beautiful in the State. On this he keeps one of the best herds of thoroughbred Ayrshire cattle in the Tiiitcd States, and has been largely engaged in importing and breeding these favorites ; also " short-horns," Leicester sheep, and York- shire swine; and is now devoting much attention to rearing horses, having a just appreciation of this prince among animals. The Hostun Cnftiralor, May, 1SG3, mentions a particularly fiue group of cattle on the Hungerford estate. Railroad interests claimed a share of Mr. Hungerford's time and attention. His general enterprise found scopr in this direction during the first attempts to connect the north- ern part of the State with the great thoroughfares and com- mercial centres. Both money, time, and influence were alwa3'8 at com- mand. In 1855 he was elected a director of the Rome and Watertown railroad, at the earnest desire of such men as I'hilip Datcr, of New York ; and later of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh railroad. He was compli- mented by the capitalists interested, for bis substantial im- provements in the management of the road. The sound judgment and integrity seen here, as in all other financial concerns, received a significant testimonial in an incident, one among many, gleaned from a private letter addrcs.sed to a personal friend by one for years previous bitterly preju- diced agaiu.st Mr. Hungerford. In this the writer alludes to certain differences of opin- ion existing between Mr. Hungerford and himself, and states as his motive for voting lor the former's re-election, his "fearless ' discharge of duty in a position where so much '■knavery and dishonesty" exists. But a higher object than business enterjirise and success was at Mr. Hungerford's heart. Since 183G, when engaged in banking, " the idea of establishing a first-class educational institution in my native Country has been very much on my mind," says Mr. Hung- erford in reply to the question as to just ichen his attention was drawn to the greatest achievement of his life, the founding of Hungerford Collegiate Institute ; whose splen- did position among the literary establishments of the land is a joy to his own heart and an honor to his native State. An attempt was made about the year 1855 to erect the proper buildings and put the plan into operation, but owing to disagreement as to the site of the prospective edifice, the whole thing fell through for the time being. But in ISG-t a large building, erected for hotel purposes, fell into Mr. Hungerford's hands; this he offered to donate to a board of trustees selected from the several neighboring churches, consisting of twenty-four, proviileil the citizens would raise an eadowment fund of ten thousand dollars, the interest to be devoted to the payment of insurance, repairs, etc. The offer was accepted, a charter secured, and the institute put in successful operation for three years, when the building was burned down. Another site being obtained with the insurance money, avails of the old lot, and contributions to the amount of over eighty thous;ind dollars, the present structure was erected. At the opening of the first institute referred to, the exercises were of an unusually interesting character. Special trains were run to the village from neighboring places, General " Joe" Hooker being among the guests. These were welcomed by Rev. Mr. Ilobart, in behalf of the trus- tees, and escorted by the Watertown Cornet Band to Jack- son Hall. After music and congratulatory addresses, Dr. Fisher, President of Hamilton ('ollcge. delivered the inaugural address. The school opened witii one hundred and sixty students; HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 263 and tlic promise irivcii hy its dawn was fulfilled in tlie j'cars that i'ullowcd, when it shed the light (f au enlightening and refining influence over the surrounding country. A uio.st inlort'Sting account of tlio dedication of the new and elegant buildings erected sub-sequcnt to tlie fire is given by the press. We (juote a few extracts : " On Wednesday, August 24, w;is consuniniatod in Adams the great public enterprise of tlie village and town. Its beginning and progress have beeu signalized by great liber- ality, clear foresight, excellent taste and judgment, and untiring energy. " The old institute building having been burnt some time ago, it was resolved to build a new one, and part of the means was at hand for the purpose. A commanding site was selected, a plan drafted with careful deliberation, and the structure commenced. The design w;is purpo.sely for something superior and costly, — something not easy to excel as au educational institute. It was rightly liclievcd that a way would be found to complete it when the money in pos.session should be exhausted. The work at length had to be stopped. Estimates called for two thousand five hun- dred dollars more, and how should it be raised ?' Finally, after eflforts in other directions. General Hunger- ford offered to double whatever sum might be raised. Pledges were soon gained for fifteen thou.sand dollars, which, with the founder's generous offer, made thirty ttiousand dollars; this, combined with the amount in the treasury, gave funds for a one hundred thousand dollar building. The elegant stone and brick building of to-day, with its admirable conveniences and great beauty, is the result. It is heated with steam and lighted by gas. Hot and cold water can be drawn in each story, and there are bath- rooms for both the gentlemen's and ladies' divisions. In the library and main hall, etc., is beautiful inlaid flooring of white and dark wood alternating. At the dedication llev. S. S. U. Greeley was the speaker of the day ; he was followed by citizens and invited guests. General Hungerford, owing to previous illness, took no part in the exercises, but, after loud and renewed applause, came out of the tinte-room in response to a call from the audience. He simply bowed and retired. Mr. Hungorford's military career dates back to the year 183.T ; when cpiite a young man he was commissioned aide- de-camp to the brigadier-general of the Fifty-fiftli brigade of infantry. He was subsecjuently inspector of the Twelfth division of infantry. In 1858 he became captain of in- fantry in the Thirty-sixth regiment, and brigadier-general of the Eightcentli brigade of the Fourth divisioli of New Y^ork State militia in IS.'iU. In 18(>1, when the Rebellion broke out. General Hungerford, commanding the Sixteenth brigade, and also commissioned to inspect volunteer com- panies, was loyal to his trust and untiring in his efforts to co-operate with the government. He won the grateful recognition of the State and of his fellow-citizens at liome. Mr. Hungerford's ]iolitical career was made by liimstrl/, — a brief one, beyond his influence in connection with business and social relations, and his prompt action when it was needed as a citizen. He was by nature and education of the conservative school in politics. This fact, 'along with his general popu- larity, was the cause of his nomination to Congress by the Coalitionists of the Twentieth district in 18(i(i, when an effort was made to defeat the ruling party by a combination of all those dis.satisfied with its measures. Mr. Hungerford declined the nomination in a letter which was consistent with his principles, dignified and loyal, an honor to bis head and heart. But in no position has he been more honored and useful, although attracting less popular interest, than when presi- dent of the Jefferson County Bible Society, an office he held for several years. In his domestic relations Mr. Hungerford has been most happy. He married Miss Ann Huntington, of Watertown, who is still the light of a liome blessed with a son who gives promi.se of worthily bearing the ancestral name. Mr. Hungerford has always liberally and wisely, we believe, sustained the cause of religion in the community, and freely aided the church and parish of which he Ls a member. Neither he nor his friends claim for him exemption from human frailties and mistakes; but his fellow-citizens of the town and county in which his life has beeu so far spent will give him a place among the greatest benefactors of both. A. S. GRKENE. (cniKF ENGINEKtt C. S. NAVY.) The subject of this sketch was born in Adams, Aug. 3, 1838. He attended select school at Adams Seminary, autumns and winters, until 1855. In November, 1835, he entered the " Rensselaer Polytechnic College," of Troy, N. Y., in advance standing, graduating with the degree of Civil Engineer in June, 1859, number five iu a class of twelve graduates, and which had numbered, from the time of his entrance, over one hundred individual members. Among the graduates in the same class were A. J. Cassatt, V.-P. Penna, R. R. Co. ; Walter Crofts, Supt. Shelby Iron Works, Ala. ; G. M. Greene, P. A. Engineer, U. S. Navy; Jas. R. Percy, late Capt. U. S. Engineers; Russell Sage, Supt. Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R. ; Frank G. Smith, Maj. 4th U. S. Artillery ; L. J. de Vizcarrondo, Chief Engineer Cordova & JIalaga R, R., Spain ; and N. A. Williams, formerly engineer on the Brooklyn and Croton water-works. In December, 1859, he received permi-ssion to be ex- amined for admission into the engineer corps of the U. S. Navy ; passed the examination successfully, and was ad- mitted ;ts number ten in a class of sixty-three who were examined. In the first competitive examination for pro- motion he was advanced to the head of his cla.ss, which position has been maintained through all the subsequent grades up to the present time. His first cruise was made in the U. S. steamer "Susque- hanna," in 1860-61, on the coast of Mexico, the Mediter- ranean, and on the home st;ition in the early part of the late war. In the latter part of 18G1 he was detached from the " Sus(juehanna" and ordered to duty in the Navy De- partment, Washington, D. C, where he remained until the early part of 1868. He was then ordere^l on a cruise in the U. S. S. " Nyaek" to the South Pacific station, which 264 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. continued until 1871. He was then detached, and after- wards served on board the iron-chid " Malio]iac," U. S. S. ■' Nanta.sket,"' and U. S. S " Nipsic," on the liouie and West India stations. In 1873 he was ordered to duty on the board for tlie examination of naval officons for promotion, and later as a member of the U. S. commission to investi- gate the causes of steam-boiler explosions, at the same time superintending governuK^nt work in process of construction at Newburgh, N. Y. On the completion of this duty, in July, 1874, he was ordered to the U. S. S. " Benicia," North Pacific station, and in 1875 transferred to the U. S. S. " Lackawanna," same station, from which he was de- tached in August last, and in October following was ordered as a member of the board to examine officers for promotion, which duty he is now engaged in. SAMUEL FOX. The subject of this brief sketch wa.s a brother of Daniel Fox, the celebrated centenarian fanner. He was born at Groton, Conn., August 15, 1781, and spent the early years of his life at that place. His youth was attended by the usual privations of those times, and he was deprived of even the meagre educational facilities then exi.sting. Upon attaining his manhood he removed to Oneida county, New York, where he was noted for his skill as a woodman and his great power of endurance, often spending six months at a time in the dense forests, plying his avocation. In 1800 he joined a party of immigrants going to Jefferson County, and located land that year in the town of Adams. Near the spot which became his future home he cleared the first acre of land, in the sunjmer of 1800. In 1802 he married Lucy Williams, of Rome, by whom he had 11 children, 9 of whom attained mature age. Samuel Fox jjarticijiatcd in the battle of Sacket's Harbor and other engagements of the War of 1812. He was a man of (|uiet ways, frugal, temperate habits, and ]iassed the limited four- score years, closing this earthly life at Adams Centre in March, 1865. DANIEL FOX C2d) is the fourth of the eleven children belonging to the above family. He was born in the town of Adams May 16, 1808, and has been a resident in it all his life. His boy- hood was spent on his father's farm until he attained his sixteenth year, when he was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade. Having mastered this, he became an active work- man, and scores of buildings in the town are the result of his handicraft. When the Rome, Watertown and Ogdens- burgh R. R. was built through Adams Centre he received the appointment of station agent, in which capiacity he has rendered such faithful service that he has hold the position ever since, being the only one in the em])loy of the company who has held the office for such a continuous length of time. In 18:!2 he married Betsey Harrington, of Rodman, who died in 1850. Two years later he married his present ■wife. Miss N. C. Clark. By this union he has a son, George L., who is the assistant station agent at Adams Centre. LUMAN ARMS was born in Decrfield, Massachusetts, August 30, 1796. He removed with his father, Lemuel Arras, to the State of New York, in October, 1804, and made a permanent settle- ment on the farm now (jwned by Pjlisha Rogers, in the town of Adams, where the subject of this sketch resided for many years. Luman Arms married Caroline Arms, by whom he had six children, namely, Louisa, Julia, Emily, William D., Henry, and Caroline, and also one still-born. His wife died on November 30, 183C. On the 8(h of July, 1830, he was married to Elizabeth C. Pierce, to whom four children were born. Of these, Harrison, Foster M., and Gertrude still survive, Stephen M. dying young. Mr. Arms has voted at fifty-nine general elections, first for the Whig, and subsequently for the Republican party. In 1827 he erected the hotel now known as the Talcott House, in which he ke])t tavern fur four years. He always took an active part in educational matters, and liberally supported enterprises of all sorts conducive to the public good. He was for many years a builder, and erected a school-house and other public and private buildings. He now resides in the village, and having been a temperate man he enjoys good health, and although now past eighty- one years, he can read without glasses, and is generally active and robust. He is generally considered as an honest man and an intelligent and worth}' citizen. (See portrait.) JOHN C. COOPER. A complete history of the town of Adams, or even the county of Jefferson, cannot be written without assigning a prominent place therein to John Cowles Cooper. In the best sense he was public-spirited. His clear views, prac- tical good sense, and energy made him a leader in all those enterprises of a public nature affecting the community or involving the affairs of the church with which he was con- nected. He lived seventy-six J'ears, and full fifty-five of these were spent in active business pursuits. Until his last sickness, preceding his death but a few weeks, he never ceased from labor. The habit of idleness he despised, and his example illustrated the s])irit of industry by which he was animated. Seventy-six years backwards from 1877, the year of his death, carries us to the iieriod of the pioneer settlement of Adams, when the surrounding county was covered with primeval forests, with occasional openings where some sturdy settlor had laid the foundations of a humble home and established the conditions which made po-^sible a life of manly independence. The boyhood of John C. Cooper had such .-iurroundings, and he grew to manhood with the rising and prosperous community in which his days were spent. His father, Miles Cooper, came to Adams at early day in 1803, from Durham, Connecticut, where he was born, and where his ancestors had lived before him. Miles Cooper erected a log house on what is now Church street, directly opposite John C. Cooper's late residence, and afterwards on the .utting in complete order their arms and animunilion and cleaning out their boats, while a small boat of each was sent out for intelligence, which returned without gainin-r anv news. .\t nine a.m. thev hauled from HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 267 the sliore, niiinncd a guanl-lmat to prevent surprise, and sent Lieut. Ilawlvins to 0;j;ileiisljurgh for intelligence ; and at five P.M. the ne.xt day Messrs. Baldwin and Catupbell arrived with news. At nine tluty left Cranberry ereek, and at f'uur A.M. on the 18tli .saw a brigade of British bateaux, convoyed by his Majesty's gun-boat, the ' Spitfire,' lying at Simmonds' Landing, preparing to .sail for Kingston. Upon this they pushed in fur shore, and .so completely surprised them that very few of the enemy escaped. The fifteen bateaux and the gun-boats were at once seized, without a .shot being fired on either side. " Previous to the attack, IJitut. Perry of the Ninth and Sergeant James, of Forsyth's company, with twenty- seven volunteers, were landed to cut off retreat. At nine A.M. the fleet landed in Cranberry creek, in Alexandria, and at eleven, sixty-nine prisonere were sent off to the harbor under guard of fifteen men of the 21st, in charge of ]jieut. Burhank. The ' Spitfire' was armed with a twelve-pound earronade, and carried fourteen men, with a large quantity of military stores. The bateaux had 270 barrels of pork, and 270 bags of pilot bread, which was landed on the 2()tli, to prevent spoiling, and a request to the neighboring inhabitants for assistance was sent out, which brought a few militia, who, however, mostly left the same night. At sunrise on the 21st, the enemy to the num- ber of 250, with four gun-boats and one or two transports, were discovered in the creek ; these were met by thirty men, and attacked while landing ; twenty more being stationed in different places to prevent their approach. A cannonade commenced and was kept up some time ; two of the enemy's boats were so injured from our fire that most of their crews were compelled to leave them, and to cut flags from the shore to stop the shot-holes. At G a.m. the enemy retired to their boats, and sent a flag with the demand of surrender to sitve the I'fftisioii i>f lilond, which was instantly rejected, and the firing recommenced. It appeared that this was only an expedient to gain time, as the enemy hastily re- treated, carrying their dead and wounded. Their loss must have been considerable, from the (|uantily of blood seen where they embarked. Our loss was three killed and wounded. Af\er the action tree.s were felled across the road and creek to prevent a new attack, and on the afternoon of the next day, reinforcements arrived ; the boats which had been scuttled were repaired, and on the 23d they left tor Sacket's Harbor, where they arrived on the 27th. While passing Tibbet's Point they encountered the ' Earl of Moira,' were pursued and hit several times by her sliot, but not captured. The gunboat and several bateaux were sunk without consulting Captains Diinick and Dixon, and the owners ultimately lost most that was gained by the expe- dition." Aflerthe cessation of hostilities between the British and Americans, and traii(|uillity had become in a measure re- stored, the lauds now embraced were put upon the market, and permanent settlers began to come in. The first contracts were made payable in seven years, and required the settlers within one year to build a house equal to a log house 18 feet square, and to clear one-twenty-fifth part of the land con- tracted in a farmer-like manner. Prices began at three dollars per acre, and alter 1820 mineral reservations were inserted in contracts and deeds. Among the early purchasers and settlers were James Carnagie, Samuel Young, William Martin, Moses George, Leicester Hoadly, Elijah Root, John W. Fuller, Jerry Carrier, and others. Among other early .settlers might be mentioned the fol- lowing (see also in the sketches of the villages): Charles Rundlet, the oldest living pioneer in the town, in point of settlement, at least, came in from Vermont in 1817, and settled near Clear Lake. He afterwards moved to his present farm, near Plessis. John Spaulsbiiry, father of Francis, William, and John Spanlsbury, and other members of the family came from Sandy Creek, Oswego county, in 1819, and .settled on the place upon which Francis and his son reside. Austin Martin, Nathanic'l Goodell, Martin T. Morseman, George Pattcnson, Ileuben Ilinman, Alexander McAllister, Horatio Hubbard, Jabez, Charles, and John Birdsley, E])hraini Marvel, Jabez Peo|iles, Silas Morse, Samuel Morse, Joseph Huntington, Thomas Stickney, David and Clark Briggs, Solomon Makepeace, Elder Stowe, Jason Clark, John D. Davidson, Abraham Newman (father of A. D. Newman), William Carter, Daniel Wherry, Peter Lutz, Patten, Ephraim Hogert, George Rappole. The last seven named were .soldiers in the War of 177G. Abraham Newman, the only one of the old Revolutionary patriots who has any direct descendant residing in the town, was born in Stafford, Connecticut. He entered the Ameri- can army in 1770, and served three years. He settled in Otsego county, New York, in 1789 ; came to Alexandria, Jefferson County, in 1820, where ho died June 19, 1841, aged eighty-two. INCIDENTS. In 1819, Jairus Rich, the hunter, had an encounter with a panther. It occurred near Hyde Lake, about three miles from Ple.ssis. He had set his traj)s for wolves, and had arrived within a few rods of one of them when he ob- served a panther spring up and run with a trap to one of his hind legs. He fired but inis.sed the mark, and his game made off into the thicket, when he returned to a house, nearly a mile distant, procured a small dog, and having again repaired to the place and stationed himself where he coidd start the entrappi^J animal, he observed the head of a panther emerge from the bushes about five rods distant, upon which he fired and killed him instantly. He soon found that this was not the one in the trap, and a heavy shower of rain coming on, he found it difficult to reload his rifle, which he at length succeeded in doing. The dog meanwhile had engaged the other panther, upon which he fired and wounded, and finding that he could not load again, on account of the rain, he threw down his piece, and, seizing his hatchet, .sprang upon him, when there ensued a fearful struggle, in which finally the beast got under with one of the man's hand.s in his mouth, the hatchet was lost, but with the other hand he drew from his pocket a knife, opened it with his teeth, and finally succeeded in cutting the throat of the ferocious animal. The hunter was badly torn, but made out to crawl to the nearest house, where, after many weeks, he recovered, but carried the scars of the conflict with him to the grave. The following is related of the same individual : 268 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The bounties for the destruction of wild animals were then so great that tlie inducements for gain led to many in- genious methods for securing the rewards. Ricli having on one occasion trailed a she wolf to her den and killed lier, he found in her cave tea young whelps, but too small to be en- titled to the bounty. He therefore built a pen in the forest and fed them daily upon wild meats which he obtained in hunting until they were grown. He became strongly at- tached to one of them, which would follow him like a dog, but tiie temptation of tlie bounty was too strong to resist, and he slew his favorite pet to gain the premium. Another incident was where a hunter, in order to obtain a reward for his secret, professed to know of a .salt spring, to which he was induced to conduct a certain person, and in which he had previously buried a bag of salt. The water liaving been duly " analyzed" by measuring, evaporating, and weighing, a purchase of nearly 8U0 acres was made, without the knowledge of the spring by the landholder ; nor was the trick discovered before the bargain had been made. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. This town was erected from Brownville and Lc Ray, Ajiril 3, 1821, by the same act that formed Philadelphia and Orleans, the first town-meeting being held at the house of Wm. Merrill. By the first act its limits included Theresa. Au act of Feb. 6, 1840, restored to the town of Orleans a small part that had been annexed to the latter. The town derives its name from Alexander, a son of J. D. Le Ray, who obtained a colonel's commission iu the Texan revolution, and fell in a duel in 1836. It is the most northern town in the county, and lies opposite the Thousand Islands, which here present the most delightful scenery.* The early records of the town are lost, lience it is im- possible to get an accurate list of the first town officers. The first Supervisor was James Shurtliff ; Clerk, Nathaniel Goodell ; Assessor, Ashley Tanner: In.spectors of Election, Allen Cole and Joel Porter. The Supervisors from 1829 to 1877 have been as follows, namely: 1829-32, John D. Davidson; 1833-35, Jason Clark; 1836, J. D. Davidson ; 1837, Jason Clark; 1838, John W. Fuller; 1839-40, Michael Lewis; 1841, Alex- ander Salisbury (at a special meeting in May, Jason Clark) ; 1842, Jason Clark; 1843-49, Harvey D.Parker; 1850, George W. Clark; 1851, Moses C. Jewett ; 1852, H. D. Parker; 1853-54, Andrew Cornwall; 1855-57, Jason Clark; 1858, Wm. W. Buttcrfield ; 1859, Jason Clark; 1860, Andrew Cornwall; 1861, Wm. W. Buttcrfield ; 1862 -65, Andrew Cornwall ; 1866, Wm. W. Buttcrfield; 1867, Ebenczcr Campbell; 186S, Joseph E. McAllister ; 1869, Ebenezcr Campbell ; 1870-72, Wm. M. Thomson ; 1873 -74, Newton Rand; 1875-77, Alfred A. Holmes, the present incumbent. Tlie officers elected at the annual town-meeting in 1877 were: Supervisor, Alfred A. Holmes; Clerk, John I. Everson ; Justices of the Peace, Raliih Gurnee, Wm. M. Thomson, Silas G. Norton, Peter Tassey ; A.sscssor, John B. George; Auditors, Benjamin Fox, James E. Overocker, * See Iliiitor; of Alexandria Bay. Erastus Bailey; Inspectors of Election, District No. 1, La Fayette Steele, Almon H. Houghton, Henry Bailey ; In- spectors of Election, District No. 2, Prescott D. Patch, D. Snell, John H. Cline; Inspectors of Election, District No. 3, Henry Halford, H. K. White, Ellis G. White ; Con- stables, Abram Weller, Liberty S. Simpson, John H. Crabbe, Hiram Hart, Orvis SpaLsbury ; Game Constable, Alfred Swan ; Commissioner of Excise, John Schultz. ALEXANDRIA BAY. The site of this village was selected by Cadwallader Child, in 1804, while surveying a road from the Friends' settlement to the St. Lawrence, as an eligible place for a port, and accordingly a reservation of a mile square was made by Mr. Le Ray for a village, which was surveyed out for that purpose by Edmund Tucker about 1818. Mr. Le Ray erected a tavern and warehouse, and for many years a thriving lumber trade was carried on, which continued as long as the supply lasted. This consisted of oak staves and square oak and pine timber. A considerable amount of valuable timber had been stolen from this town in common with the whole front of the State on the St. Lawrence, be- fore there was any one to assert the title of the proprietors. The lower wharf at this place was built by Fuller and Wal- ton in 1832, and the upper one by Walton and Ilamblin in 1840. The port has always been a landing-place for the American steamers, and is an important wooding station. In the last two years (1852-53) about 12,000 cords have been sold each year. A custom-house was established at this port in 1828, subordinate to the Cape Vincent district, while John B. Esselstyn was in charge of that office. The deputies here have been Hiram Davis, Azariah Walton, John W. Fuller, A. Walton, Edwin Tanner, Martin J. Hutchius, and Ebenezer Campbell, the present incumbent. Mr. Walton held the office for eighteen and a half years, and Mr. Campbell for fourteen years. Among the earliest settlers of the village were Jerre Carrier, John W. Fuller, David Hunter (within half a mile of the village), Samuel Bingham, all ]irior to 1820 ; Ira Beckwith, Tillotson, Henry Westcott, Chauncey Westcott, before 1825 ; Azariah Walton, 1828. The place improved somewhat slowly, there being nothing but the lumber trade to sustain it. That, however, gave the embryo village the appearance of an active and busy settlement, which continued for many years. The first tavern was erected by Mr. Le Ray, as before stated, in 1818. The old building still remains a landmark of the pa.st, having acijuired a venerable antiquity. It is now owned by Chauncey Westcott, — him.sclf the pioneer settler of the place, — and is by him used as a carpenter- sho[) and store-house. The first log house was erected by John W. Fuller, in 1818, and the first frame house by Dr. Jerre Carrier, in 1820. The latter occupied the present .site of the St. Law- rence Hotel, of which, in fact, it fi)rms a part. The first store was erected by Messrs. Jerre Carrier and John W. Fuller, and stood on the Point, occupying the present site of the Centennial Ice-Crcam Saloon. The first school was a primitive log structure, erected in 1821. It stood on the lot now occupied by the Reformed church. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 2G9 The first church edifice was that of the Reformed Prot- estant Dutch church society, erected in ISIS, and opened for public religious worehip in 1851. AS A SUMMER RESORT. For more than a t(uarter of a centurj' Alexandria Bay has been visited as a summer resort. Its location in the immediate vicinity of the most numerous cluster of the Tliou.«and Isles, and its beautiful situation on the St. Law- rence, constitute the salient characteristics of its popularity. In 1848, Mr. C. Crossmon commenced keeping hotel at the Bay, and has licen continuously and succe.'isfully engaged in that busine.s.s ever .since. But it was not until 1S72 that the rush to the Bay commenced, although a few persons, some of thoni men of note, had made it their summer vaca- tion place fur years. Among these early visitors were Gov- ernor Seward, Martin and John Van Buren, Silas Wright, Frank Blair, Preston King, General Dick Taylor, and Rev. George Bethune. In 1872, President Grant and family, and a party of their friends, accepted an invitation from George W. Pullman, of palace-car notoriety, to visit his island cottage. Some splendid entertainments were given, and the people flocked to the Bay by thousands. This and the event of the sojourn there of the State Editorial Asso- ciation, at which time Messrs. Crossmon & Son prepared an out-door rep.ist for three hundred guests, which was pro- nounced by those present (and editors are generally fair judges of things gastronomic) to have been a capital feast in every particular, brought the place fijvorably before the public. In 1872-73 the present magnificent " Thousand- Island House" and the ef|ually fine " Crossmon House" were erected and thrown open to the public with becoming iclal. Since this time the popularity of the Bay has be- come a fixed fact, and no watering-place receives a better or more elegant patronage. While everybody concerned have done all in their power to enhance the beauties nature has so lavishly bestowed upon this most lovely spot and its eoiually glorious surroundings, to Mr. Charles Cro.ssmon is undoubtedly due, in a large mea.sure, the brilliant success that has attended the establishment of a watering-place there. The islands in the vicinity of the Bay are being rapidly utilized for cottages, and about seventy-five of these charm- ing and cosy temporary habitations have already been erected. Of these islands Wells, also known as Wellesley Island, a part of wliich lies opposite tlie Bay, is the most important. It contains upwards of eight thousand acres, is eight miles long and from three to four in width, and is inhabited by a thrifty class of citizens. Here, too, are located the International Camp Ground and Westminster Park, the former nominally under the au.spices of the Methodist Episcopal church, the latter under the control of tlie Presl)yterian body.* Hart's Island, opposite, and near Alexandria Bay, is tlie spot where, it is claimed, Tlio.s. Moore wrote his " Can.idian Boat Song," which has been sung for half a century in American and Canadian homes. In a recent publication is.sued in the interest of the Cros.s- mon House, the sports and pleasures of the place are thus enumerated : " Boating, fishing, hunting, cruising among * See farther on. the i.slands in row-boats or steam-yachts, vbiting the many points of historical or traditional interest, picnicking in large or small parties, open-air fea-sting and lounging under the trees near the water's edge, are terms which sum up the principal sports of the river." Of piscatorial .sports the writer discourses as follows : " Black bass and pickerel, large and gamy, abound in these waters. Many muscallonge are also caught every season, and the lady or gentleman who hooks and secures one of these best of all fresh-water fish becomes the heroine or hero of the day. Occasionally a muscallonge weighs as liigh as forty jiounds, a pickerel as high as twenty pounds, and a bass as high as six or seven pounds." The village contained, according to the census of Mr. Roltiers, compiled in 1850, 27 dwellings, 30 families, and 164 inhabitants. It now has a population fairly estimated at 500. It contains 3 general stores, of which Carnell Bros., Sisson & Fox, and Wm. J. Woodworth are the proprietors respectively ; 1 grocery-store, kept by J. P. Thomson ; 1 niillinory-store, harness-shop, 2 blacksmithios, 1 wagon- shop, steam saw- and plaster-mill, 2 magnificent hotels, — the "Thousand Island House," kept by 0. G. Staples, and the " Crossmon House," by Crossmon & Son, — 2 churches, — one each of the Reformed and Methodist Episcopal denom- inations, — a good public school, post-ofiBce, and telegraph- office, a lino of steamers, plying between Clayton, the ter- minus of the Utica and Black River R. R. and the bay, tri-daily during the season, several boat-houses, pleasure steam-yachts, ice-cream parlors, photograph establishments, and the numerous other essentials to a fashionable and de- servedly popular summer resort. Sunken Rock light-house, in front of this port, was erected in 1846, but was not used until the following year. REDWOOD, a thriving village near the line of Theresa, owes its origin to a glass-fijctory, established by John S. Foster, who for several years had been engaged in this business, as agent, at Boston, Burlington, Vt., and Bedford, Clinton county. In April, 1833, he visited this county, examined several local- ities, and finally selected this, which is on the .stream con- necting Mud and Butterficld lakes, the former of which is about 94 feet above the latter, affording a limited water- power, that had several years previous been improved by the erection of a saw- and grist-mill by David Smith, of Adams. Foster contracted with Francis Depau for a tract of about 10,000 acres, as agent, borrowed several thousand dollars of Depau, and the same summer erected the present glass-factory, and on Sept. 30, 1 833, the first glass was made. A village was surveyed by Thomas Clark, and named Janies- ville, but Mr. Foster gave the place the present name, from its similarity to " Redford," his late residence, in hopes of thus being able to compete in the sale of glass with an es- tablishment from which he claimed to have been unjustly discharged. His death, which occurred Jan. 2, 1834, put a stop to operations, and the tract and improvements, ac- cording to the contract, reverted to Depau. The flxctor}' was afterwards run by Schmauss & Co., Gerlach & Son, Ingleson, Forbes & Co., H. S. White, and from 1844 by Zeng & Co., from the Clyde glass-factory. This firm at 270 HISTORY UF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. first consisted of Lawrence W. Da Zcng, A. Burlingame, and Theodore Hinman. The hitter was succeeded by A. Salisbury, and this firm continued operations until July 1, 1853, when a joint-stock compan}', with 812,0(10 capital, was formed, entitled the " Redwood Glass-Manufacturing Company." In 1859, W. W. Butterfield became connected with the concern as its president, and remained as such until 1803, in the mean time having purchased all the stock. He subsequently operated the concern alone, until 1874, when he leased it for 3 j'ears to a stock company, which made but one blast in ten months, and at tlie expiration of their lease, in June, 1877, the property again reverted to W. W. Butterfield, its present owner. Owing to the low price of glass, operations have been temporarily suspended. The present grist-mill was erected in 1844, by H. S. White and Jo.se]ih Butterfield. It has four run of stone, and had originally a 24-feet overshot wheel, which was re- placed in 1870 by a turbine iron wheel. In 184G a wool-carding and cloth-dressing factory was built by Wm. Page. It is now temporarily lying idle. The village now contains 3 general stores, 1 hardware store, 1 boot and shoe store, 2 drug stores, 1 millinery es- tablishment, 2 hotels, a glass-works, a earding-wool and cloth-dressing factory, a sash, door, and blind factory, a cabinet shop, 1 grist- and 1 saw-mill, 2 wagon shops, 4 blacksmith its, a railroad depot, 2 telegraph offices, an ex- press office ; 4 churches, and a good graded school ; 3 resi- dent ministers, 3 doctors, 1 lawyer, and 1 dentist, and an estimated population of 700. (From t!ie Dmpatch.) REDWOOD. Hail, haink't of peace, with 3'our villas so iivvcet! Where the blue waters mingle ami lave at your feet, An cinMem of freedom anses of the blue St. Lawrence through the trees ; we enter a narrow gorge ; massive rocks, piled one upon the other, to\ver far above our heads; the chaotic- manner in which they arc placed, and the gaping fissures between them, which kind mother Xature, with all her sweet art in broider of moss and lichen, has not been quite able to hide, shows that at some time a great upheaval of nature must have taken place here. We sit down on a mossy rock shaded by dark pine-trees to cool, and as we rest ourselves, and admire our romantic surroundings, it seems as though we are transported to some wild Scottish glen, and we look around to see the fairies trooping out to meet us. After admiring the ferns, the exquisite mosses and lichens, we resume our tramp : j>assiug through much more of the same sort of wild scenery, we at last came out on a high, bold bluff, overlooking the river on the American shore, its side a solid perpendicular rock projecting almost a hundred feet above the water. The view is superb: above the azure sky, with soft, floating, silvery clouds : beneath the clear, blue water, 'gemmed by a thousand emerald bowers.' The point wc named ' Ilungerford Outlook.' "Passing on again for some distance, wc find ourselves on a high projecting point reaching out into the river. This wc named * Pros- pect Point,' as it gives a magnificent view of the river and Alexan- dria Bay, with the beautiful Thousand Island House just opposite, perched so romantically upon the rocks. "At last we turn our steps, most reluctantly, to our yacht, but not until we have determined to become the owner of a lot in this beau- tiful park, and wc would advise all weary denizens of cities to go and do likewise." The original board of trustees named in tlie articles of association were: Hon. Andrew Cornwall, of Alexandria Bay ; Hon. Seth G. Pope, of O^'dcnsburgh ; S. B. Van Duzee, of Gouverneur ; John 1). Ellis, of Antwerp ; R. C. Collis, of Theresa ; George Gilbert, of Carthage ; William S. Taylor, of Utica ; Timothy Hough, of Syracuse ; and Dr. J. D. Huntington, of Watertown. The present board of trustees and oflSccrs arc as follows : Rev. P. II. Fowler, D.D., of Utica, president; Hon. An- drew Cornwall, of Alexandria Bay, vice-president and treasurer ; R. C. CoUjs, of Theresa, secretary ; S. B. Van Duzee, of Gouverneur, Goo. Gilbert, of Cartilage, Judge Phelps, of Binghamton, P. H. Agun, of Syracuse, Gen. S. I). Hungerford, of Adams, and Dr. J. D. Huntington, of Watertown. The executive committee is Messrs. Fowler, Cornwall, Collis, Hungerford, and Huntington, under whose direction the improvements on the park arc being vigor- ously puslied, preparatory to the opening of the grounds and .sale of lots, wiiich is proposed to take place about the ■ middle of May next (1878). THE FIRST PUE.SBYTERIAN CIIURCU OF ALEXANDRIA was formed at Plcssis, August 11, 1821, by the Rev. Nathaniel Dutton, and consi.'rh. It hiis a seatinsr capacity for from 350 to 400 persons, and cost $2822, be- sides S170 for a bell. On the 1st of August, 1851, the church was regularly formed. Rev. Charles Wiley, D.D., being present as a committee representing the cla.ssis of Cayuga. It consisted of 13 members. Alva Ford and James Woodsworth were appointed ciders and deacons, and the organization w;js named " the Church of the Thousand Islands." The sites for both the church and parsonage were donated by the heirs of Depau, and in 1852 a par- sonage was erected at a cost of 8800. August 1, 1850, Rev. Anson Du Bois was called to the pastorate of the church, and remained until May, 1854. He was succeeded in July of the same year by Rev. George Rockwell, who, after a faithful ministry of twenty-three years, was obliged to resign on account of extreme deafness. His successor was Rev. Henry D. Vriese, Jr., the present incumbent, who assumed the pjistoral duties over the church 18 in July, 1877. The present elders are Francis Thomson and David Woodsworth ; Deacons, William Woodsworth and I.saac Evcrsun. The membership of the church is 52 ; teachers and scholars in the Sunday-school, GG ; Superin- tendent, Rev. Henry De Vriese, the paster. The present condition of the church is flourishing. ST. Peter's Protestant episcopal church of Redwood was formed August 12, 1850, with Daniel Slack, A. Matthias Harrison, wardens; Richard Gray, L. W. De Zeng, Charles Clark, James Wright, and Josiah Bucklee, vestrymen. The Rev. Wm. Allen Fisk was at that time missionary ; he was succeeded by the Rev. B. W. Witcher. The last rector was the Rev. Charles A. Wen- neau. A small Gothic church edifice was erected in 1851, after the designs of R. Upjohn, of New York. The church now reports 25 fiimilic-s, 26 communicants. The present Wardens are M. H. Smith and A. L. White; Vastrymen, H. S. White, A. A. Holmes, J. W. Reade, W. A. Failing, and C. W. Clark. The Sundaj--school has a membership of 60 .scholars and 7 teachers. The present superintendent is A. L. White. ST. Francis' roman catholic church was organized at Redwood, about 1848. Frequent appli- cations to the pastor. Rev. M. J. Brown, and Peter Tas&iy, one of its earliest members, have failed to procure the neces- sary data for a complete historical sketch. Hence the omission. PHTSICIANS. Dr. Demtx)n (Denton ?) located at Plessis as early as 1830. He studied with old Dr. Smith, of Evans' Mills. Dr. E. S. Carlisle, a member of the Jefferson County Medical Society, is the resident physician at Plessis now. At Alexandria Bay, Dr.s. Charles Walton, Marvin J. Hutchins, and A. 0. Blair have practiced ; the latter from 1832 to 1838, when he removed elsewhere. Don A. Walton, M.D., is the resident physician there now. ^Ve are under special obligations to the following gentle- men for assistance rendered in the preparation of the above history of the town of Alexandria : Chauncey Westcott, the Waltons, Charles Rundtett, Lyman Carlis, James Carter, Ebenezer Campbell, Charles Crossmon, William and John Spaulsbury, A. D. Newman, W. W. Buttcrfield, Es(|., Peter Tas.say, J. W. Reade, H. S. White, John I. Ivcrsoii, and othere. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. CHAUNCEY WESTCOTT comes of Massachusetts and Rhode Island ancestry, his mother having been born in the town of Cheshire, Massa- chusetts, September 20, 1784, and his father, Henry West- cott, in Rhode Island, October 15, 1778. Henry moved with his father's family to Oneida county, New York, and 274 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. was married to Amy Dexter Gushing in 1803. He died October 24, 1855; his wife in October, 1870. Chauncey Westcott was born in the town of Deerfield, Oneida county. New York. December 10, 1804. In the month of January following his father moved into Jefferson County. Chauncey resided in the county until January, 1831, when he re- moved to Onondaga county, where he remained four years, retiring to Alexandria in 1835. In 1832 he was married to Miss Emeline, daughter of Isaac and Charity Everson, natives of Montgomery county, New York, who was bom in the town of Manlius, Onondaga county, September 27, 1812. This marriage was blessed with two children, — one son, Willson H., born in Cicero, Onondaga countj', Novem- ber 20, 1833, married Miss Jane Thompson, in January, 1844; and one daughter, Emeline F., born in Alexandria, Jefferson County, September 12, 1835, married Charles Woodworth, in February, 1 858. Both reside in the village of Alexandria Bay. Chauncey Westcott was a poor boy, and had his own way to make in the world. As a youth he worked by the day and by the mouth for the farmers in the vicinity of his father's house in Watertown. After that he attended a grist- and flouring-mill for five years ; clerked in a store five years ; followed boating on the Erie canal five years ; worked at lumbering by the day and job five winters; and rafted lumber from Alexandria Bay down the St. Law- rence to Quebec three springs ; kept hotel five years at Alexandria Bay. He was elected justice of the peace, and served one constitutional term to the entire satisfaction of the people. Since 1855 he has farmed principally, and ispccu- lated .some in furs and butter until 1872, since wliich time he has attended to liis farm exclusively. He is a gentle- man well and favorably' known for honest dealing and gen- eral rectitude. An illustration of his residence can be seen on another page. THOMAS BENTON MARSHALL. Romeo W. Marshall, the father of the subject of this sketch, a native of Connecticut, was born in the year 1788. He moved to Herkimer, this St;ite, in 1806, and after a few years removed to Trenton Falls, Oneida county, where he engaged in the mercantile trade. He settled in the present town of Alexandria in 1838, where he purchased and cleared up the farm upon which he resided till his death in 1874, at the age of eighty-six years. Thomas Benton Marshall, the youngest .son, was born in Trenton Falls on March 25. 1834. On April 5, 1855, he was married to Sarah Jane Crabb, of the town of Lo Ray. The children of their union were, Tompkins, born May 4, 18(j(t, and Welby H., born June 14, 1867. Mr. Jlarshall purchased the old homestead (one hundred and ninety acres), and is engaged in the quiet occupation of farming. A view of his home and the portraits of him- self and his estimable wife are found el.sewhere in this work. In religious faith he is a Universalist, and in politics Re- publican. Liberal, kind-hearted, and generous, ho is uni- versally respected by his aci|Uaintances, and beloved by his friends and relatives. '^^5^P^* AZARTAH WALTON. Azariah Walton was born in Chesterfield, N. II., August 20, 1784. His family were of English extraction. But little, however, is known of its history previous to the birth of our subject. Like most of the youth of that day, his opportunities for education were extremely limited, and his knowledge was obtained from the bitter school of experience. He early evinced a decided taste for lueclianics, learned the trade of a blacksmith, and became an expert machinist. To this fact is attributable his emigration to Jefferson County previous to the Waruf 1812. At this time Brownville was building, and ho was engaged to superintend the construc- tion of the cottun-mills at that place. He remained at Brownville until the year 1824, when he moved to Theres;i, where he was eng-.iged in merchandising until 1828, when he received the appointment of collector of customs for the port of Alexandria Bay, which office he held for nineteen years. He became engaged in general merchandising and lum- bering, and, being a sagacious and shrewd business man, was succes.sful. In 1845 he purchased, in conipanj' with Chesterfield Pe;irson, all the islands in the American channel of the St. Lawrence river from the head of Wells island to Morristown. Many of the smaller ones he sold at a nominal sum, but the major portion he was in pos.sessioii of at his death, which occurred June 10, 1855. Mr. Walton was a man possessed of most of the cardinal virtues, and his social ijuaiities were of a high order ; he possessed in an eminent degree the faculty of making every one about him as happy as himself, and it is still the delight of many who knew him intimately to relate anecdotes showing his pro- verbial good nature. May 29, 1810, he married .Miss Mary Gilson, who was born November 15, 17U1, by whom he had ten children, four of whom are living. All in all, Mr. Walton was a noble specimen of that race of pioneers who years ago laid the foundation for the present wealth and enterprise of Jefferson County. , A LoREN Stone fi^Rs. LoREN Stone. OLD HOMESTEAD or LOREN STONE, AmwiHtt Jificmson Co., N. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFFmSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 275 A. TAN NEK. SUSAN TANNER. » > 130&' < o A N T W E E P. The territory embraced in the town of Antwerp lies in the form of a paralielognim, of which the longer lines run about northwest and southeast. The towns of Philadelphia and Wiliia join it on the southwest, and Theresa on the uorthwe.st, while its northeastern and southeastern bound- aries respectively are the counties of St. Lawrence and Lewis. Its surface, which cannot properly be termed hilly, is yet rolling and uneven, and in many parts rough, broken, and seamed by rocky ridges ; notwithst^uiding which blemish the soil is strong and productive. Its principal stream is Indian river, which enters from Wilna, and, after making a bold .sweep towards the northeast and passing through the principal village, flows back across the southwest line into Philadelphia. There is also the Oswegatchie river, which enters the town from the north- cast, and, making a short and abrupt bend, known as the " Ox Bow," passing the village of the same name, turns sharply back into St. Lawrence county, aft>*■ ResideNCH or ELIJAH HOUGHTON, Ahjwerp. H.Y A e.s au. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 277 Its territory — the same which is included in its present boundaries — was partitioned off from Lo Ray. Its name was given in honor of the Antwerp company, who owned large tracts of hind in this and in the neighboring town- ships. The organization went into effect on the 1st of January, 1811, and the first annual meeting of the new town Wixs held on the 5th of the following March, " at the house of Francis McAllaster, occupied by William Fletcher, inn- keeper, in said Town." Daniel Sterling was chosen mod- erator, and the following persons were elected to the town ofiBces, viz. : Daniel Heald, supervisor ; Samuel Randall, clerk ; John Jeni.son, Zopher Iloldon, and Silas Ward, assessors; Francis Wc.Vllastcr, Oliver Stowell, and Elkanah Pattridge, commissioners of highways ; William Fletcher and John C. Foster, overseers of the poor ; Daniel Sterling, Jcduthan Kingsbury, Salmon White, Matthew Brooks, and Samuel Hendrix, overseers of highways ; Elkanah Pattridge, constable and collector. Among the other business transacted at that meeting the following is found recorded : ** Rosoh-ed by a mnjority of the meeting, that Daniel Sterling's barn-yard be made use of as a iiound for the ensuing year," and " that Ilopestill Foster offieiate as pound-iieeper." *' IlfHtttn-if, That there l)o Five Dnlhirs riiiscd for the juirpose of destroying the antmni Woolf by a majority of said meeting, and payed for eaeli full-grown woolf caught and killed in said T(»wn the ensuing year." " Rentilre /, Tliat n<) Horn Cattle nor Sheep shall be admilteil to run upon the highways within fifty r4>ds of an inn frciin the 15th day of November to the first Tuesday iu March in said Town the ensuing year." And it was resolved that the next annual meeting " be held at the house of Daniel Sterling, now occupied by Hope- still Foster." During the past sixty-.six years the following-named persons have been elected to the office of .supervisor in Ant- werp: Daniel Heald, 1811 to 1817, inclusive; Silvius Hoard, 1818-19 and 1823-24; John Howe, 1820, '21, '22, '25, and '26 ; Joseph H. Bagg, 1827 ; Ralph Rogers, 1828; William Skinner, 1829; Rufus H. King, 1830, '32, '35, '39 ; David McAllaster, 1833-34 ; Edward Fow- ler, 1836; Tilloy R. Pratt, 1837-38; William JIcAllaster, 1840; James White, 1841-42; Alanson Drake, 1843; Alden Adams, 1844-49, inclusive; Joseph H. White, 1850-51 ; Josiah S. Conkey, 1852 ; John H. Conklin, 1853, and 1855-64, inclusive; Robert Ormston, 1854; Levi Miller, 18G5, '66, and '68; Elijah Fulton, 1867, '73, and '74; Hiram B. Keen, 1869, '71, and '72; John D. Ellis, 1870; Alonzo Cliapin, 1875-76; and George D. McAllaster, 1877. The population of the town in 1814, four years after its erection, was 303; in 1820, it was 1319; in 1825, 2557; in 1830, 2412; in 1835, 2614; in 1840, 3109; in 1845, 3380; in 1850, 3665; in 1855, 3763; in 1860, 3318; in 1865, 3132 ; in 1870, 3310 ; and in 1875, 3363. THE VILLAGE OF ANTWERP. The first sotllomcnt and inijuovcmonts upon the site of the present village of Antwerp were made under the direc- tion of General Lewis R. Morris. On the 23d of December, 180 t, he had purchased a tract of forty-nine thousand two hundred and eighty acres of land within the present bound- aries of the town, comprising more than two-thirds of its entire area, and including the location on which the village stands. It was not until the 3'ear 1808 that David Parrish became proprietor of a part of these lands, by purchase from Morris. In the year following his purchase (1805) General Morris decided on the establishment of a settlement and the erec- tion of mills at this point, whore the road leading to Long Falls I Cartilage) crossed the Indian river ; and accordingly he at once commenced the erection of a dam across the river, the work upon this being done by and under the supervision of Lemuel Hubbard. In ttic following spring (1806) the erection of a saw-mill upon this dam was com- menced by Silas Ward for Morris, and a small frame house was built and opened as an inn at the place where the Proctor House now stands. Its first landlord was Gershom Matoon. After him and during the first few years of its existence the house was kept by Jeduthan Kingsbury, William Fletcher, and Francis McAllaster. The settlement here was first and for many years known as Indian River ; and, as having reference to the commence- ment of its settlement, we again quote from the diary of James Constable an entry made during his annual tour of the counties, made in the year 1806 : " August 8. — Pas.sed from the Long Falls to the bridge at Indian River, where wo spent the night. The country generally remains as last year, except at this place, where they are building a saw- mill for General Lewis R. Morris, who has gone to Ver- mont, his family not having yet moved to this town." At the commencement of the year 1807, John Jenison was api)ointed local agent for General Morris, and he was continued in that position by David Parrish, after that gen- tleman became proprietor in 1808. The land-office, estab- lished under Jenison for the sale of the Parrish lands, was located at the southerly end of the village, nearly opposite the present site of the residence of George D. McAllaster, Esq., where it remained until its removal from the town. Jenison's successor in the agency was Silvius Hoard, who in turn was succeeded by William iMcAllaster, Esq., who held until the close of I'arrish's business in Antwerp. Dr. Samuel Randall came to Indian River in 1808, and was the first phy.sician not only of the village, but also of the town of Antwerp. In 1S09 the first post-office in the town was established here, and Dr. Randall received the first ap- pointment as postmaster. He located the office in his dwelling, which was nearly opposite where the stone church of the Congregationalists now stands. He continued to hold the appointment for many j'cars. The first grist-niill at Indian River was built in 1810, by Ezra Church, on the spot where the flour-mill now stands. The old mill was equipped with a single run of stones, which had been quarried from Parker's ledge. Church was a pro- fessional bridge-builder and millwright, and a man of great enterprise. It is said that he built the mill with the ex- pectation of purchasing it from Parrish, and with a contract to that effect; it is certain, however, that it never became his property, but that the title remained with Mr, Parrish until 1839. 278 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. About 1812, Church also built a clothing-mill on the same dam, but on the south side of tlio river, where Bethel's pliininj;-mill now stairds. This he carried on until 1828, when Thomas and Ezra Wait became proprietors. After a time they demolished it and built a new mill upon the same site, and this was used in the same business until 185G, when its uiacliinery was taken out and removed to Wegatchie. During this time it had been operated by various proprietors, viz. : Milo Shattuck and Reuben Wil- uiot, from 1832 to 1834 ; by Wiimot alone from 1834 to 1840'; by Elijah Fulton, 1840 t« 1852; and by Church Brothers from that time until it.s discontinuance as a cloth- ing-mill. About 1812, Isaac L. Ilitchbotk built a tannery in the village, on the westerly side of the road, on land now owned by Stephen Conklin, and nearly opposite the head of Rail- road street. This he sold in 1815 to Luther Conklin, who removed here in 1816. He afterwards demolished the old tannery and built another upon its site. This was destroyed by fire, many yeare after. The fir.^t distillery in the town* was built by Emmons & Bissell, not far from the Hitchcock tannery, about 1820. The first wagon-shop was started at nearly the .same time, by Henry Welch. This was on the south side of the river, and the old building is still standing, adjoining the present wagon-shop of Mr. Welch. The fir.st merchant in the village, and in the town of Antwerp, was Zcbulon II. Cooper, who, about 1810, opened the " yellow store," on the ground now occupied by Chaj)in's block. A small store was opened as early as 1812 by Dr. Randall (who included an assortment of drugs with his stock), and a third by Orrin E. Bush. The only buildings in the village on the north side of the river, in the spring of 1811, were the grist-mill built by Church, the ]iublic-housc where Proctor's now is, a build- ing which stood just above the present post-oflSce, and kept as a boarding-house by a Frenchman named Bordeau, the yellow store of Cooper, the post-offi<'e and dwelling of Dr. Randall, and farther north, the dwelling of Major John Howe. Ujion the opening of the War of 1812 considerable alarm was felt in view of the probability of an invasion, and on the 2d of July in that year a special meeting of the in- habitants of the town was held, " for the purpose of making fortification against an expected enemy." At this meeting it was — " IlrHntccil, That there l)o built a furt .36 by 20 in the lower story, ninl upper 40 by 22, for the security of the inhnbitants of said town," and *' that it lie set nortli vi' Imliaii lliver ,'JO rod:*, in front of Sylvius Hoard's house." The committee appointed to prosecute the work were John Howe, Oliver Hoard, and Silas Ward. Fifteen days later (July 17, 1812) another meeting was held at Francis McAllaster's inn, to devise a " proper method of our defense through a tragedy of war which is now beginning action between the United States and Great Britain," and it was then — " Ilcgoivcilf That there bo a t)Iock-houao built for tho defense of the inhabitants of said town," and " that tho building stamling north * A aecond was built soon after, b; Abroham Cooper, near where La Fave's eheese- factory now stands. from Indian lliver bridge, in front of S. Hoard's house, formerly owned by Asher Seynirmr, .'■hall be fini^^licd and ap{>r(>])riated for the benefit and use of said town." •* Ji'extt/reif, That Ihere shall be fifty cents per day payed for caeh day's work, ard caeh one finde himself during the sjiace of time in which the block-house shall be a building which is ftir the Town Deftnso." A tax was also voted to furnish arms and ammunition for the defenders. The bloek-house was completed, and stood in the road, nearly in front of where Foster's hotel now is ; but no enemy came to besiege it, and so after a time the fears of invasion being allayed, the " fortification" was demoli.shed. About 1813 a school was commenced in a small building which was erected on the cast side of Main street, north of the present site of Foster's hotel. This was not only the first educational institution in the village but also the first in the town. This was superseded about 1816 by a new school-house upon the hill, which building is still standing on the premises of Welcome Payne. In 1816-17 the old brick church, now owned and occu- pied by the Catholics, was built by Mr. Parrish at an expense of nearly $10,(100 ; all borne by himself, and by him made free to all Christian denominations. A committee, consist- ing of Major John Howe, Silvius Hoard, and Dr. Randall, were appointed by the town to take charge of it when it was completed. This was the second church edifice in the county of Jefl'erson ; it was also the first brick building erected in the village and town of Antwerp, the bricks being mamif'actured in the immediate vicinity. It was but a few years later that the brick school- liou.se (still in use) was built on the hill, within a few rods of the Parrish church. The second piiblie-hou.'^e was erected upon the westerly side of Main street, and was first kept by Reuben Nott, then by John P. Hind, afterwards by John C. Foster, who was also its last landlord. It was destroyed by fire, and not rebuilt. Foster's hotel, on the easterly side of Main street, was built and opened by General T. R. Pratt, now of Water- town. The town elections and s]iecial meetings have often been held at this house. John C. Foster was its proprietor for many years. It is now kept by T. M. Foster. The hotel, which stands where Matoon opened his inn seventy years ago, was kept for many years by Smith Copeland and by his son Clewley Copeland, who realized a handsome competence from it, and is still living, almost an octo- genarian, in the village. After liini the house was kept by several difl'crent persons, among them being John N. Green and Edward L. Proctor. It is at present kept by J. B. Proctor. The town-nicetings have been held here more fre(|uently than at any other place. INCORPORATION OF THE VILLAGE. Antwerp was inctirporatcd a village, by order of the court of sessions, under the general act, in the j-ear 1853, and the incorporation was ratified, by a vote of fifty-three to three, at a special meeting, held at Stowell & Taylor's hotel, on the 30tli of July in that year. The boundaries are recorded as cmbraeing a rectangular tract of 660 acres, beino; 80 chains in width from north to south, and 82 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 279 chains and 50 links in length from cast to west; but a re- survey, made by Ilunry L. Scott in 1875, gives an area of 661.15 acres. The first meeting for the election of officers was held August 27, 185.3, and resulted in the election of I'nblius D. Foster a-s clerk, and Jiinits S. Coiikoy, Solomon J. CJiilds, and Edward L. Proctor trustees ; and at a special meeting, held on the 4th of October following, two additional tru.stecs were elected to fill the board, viz., William D. Car- penter and George W. IJrown. Jonas S. Cunkey was chosen president of the board. In 1871, Antwerp was rc-iiieorporated, under the act of 1870, by which it,s municipal powers and privileges were increased. The officers for 1877 are: Trustees, Edward L. Proctor (president), William N. Johnson, Do Witt Coflcy, George P. Coolidge ; C/crk, John C. Trolan. It is now a village of about 1000 inhabitants, and con- tains 5 churches, 1 public school-bouse, 1 seminary, the Antwerp post-office, a weekly newspaper, the station build- ings of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh railroad, 2 hotels, the office of the Jefferson iron company, a Masonic lodge, 4 physicians, 3 lawyers, 5 general stores, 4 groceries, 2 hardware and agricultural implement stores, 3 boot and shoe stores, 2 drug-stores, 1 jewelry, and 2 millinery-stores, 2 furniture-stores, 1 liarness and saddlery store, 1 flour and feed store, 3 blacksmith-shops, 4 wagon-shops, 1 foundry and machinc-.sbop, 1 tannery, 1 grist-mill, 1 saw-mill, 2 planing-mills, and 1 cheese-box factory. The grist-mill of Martin Augsbury was built by Isaiah Bailey in 1841-42, upon the site of the old mill built by Ezra Church in 1810. Mr. Bailey had purchased this old mill from Messrs. Pratt & Taylor in 1831), but received the title direct from Parrish. It was destroyed by fire in 1841, and the present one built in its place, as above mentioned. Its cost was S8000. Bailey & Sons sold it about 1850 to Stebbins & Tomlinson, siuce which it has passed through other hands to the present owner. The saw-mill of A. H. Monroe is the successor of that built for Morris, by Silas Ward, in 1806. The old mill was demolished and the jirescnt one built in 1810-17, by Ezra Church. Mr. Henry Welch, who is still living in the vil- lage, was one of the workmen employed in its erection. Some years afterwards it was run fur a long period by Asher Seymour. Bethel's planing-niill and Hogan Brothers' foundry stand on the site of the fulling- and carding-mill built by Ezra Church fifty-five years ago. After that business was dis- continued by Church Brothers, in 1856, the property was sold to Jo.sejih Newton and B. R. Bemis, and from them, through various changes, to the present proprietorship. The tannery of G. N. Crcsby & Co. was built about 1834 by Josiah Drake and David McAlla.stcr, who after- wards sold to Lewis and James llainblin. Several changes of ownership have followed, among which were those of Fuller & iMartin, James White, Snell, and others. Metcalf's planing-mill stands upon a dam thrown across the river below Augsbury's mill. It is of comparatively recent date. Owned and operated by Edward Mctcalf Upon the same dam is the cheese-box factory of Isaac Westcott & Son, a recent establishment. The Jefferson Iron Company, Edwin B. Bulkley, presi- dent. Office on Main street, Antwerp village. This com- pany owns the iron-works at Sterlingville and at Loui-sburg; al.so the Sterling, White, Ward, and Dixon ore-beds. The Bank of Antwerp is a private banking-house, estab- lished in 1872 by C. M (!oolidge, Es((., now of Rochester, New York. It is now owned by John D. Ellis. The cashier is Albert Hoyt. Banking-rooms on Main street. The Antwerp jiost-office is located on the west side of Main street. A. M. King, postmaster. The Antwerp Gazette, a weekly newspaper, was first issued September 1, 1873, by J. M. Beaman, Esq., and continued under his proprietorship until February 1, 1875, when it was purchased by J. W. Van Slyke, the present editor and publisher. The office is on Main .street. In the summer of 1870, a journal called the Antwerp News was started in the village, by Miss M. M. Smith. It was discontinued about January 1, 1873. "Antwerp Lodije," No. 226, F. and A. At., meets on second and fourth Tuesdays, at the Masonic Hall, Main street. Number of members eighty-five. The present offi- cers are : J. A. Aldrich, W. M. ; Harlow Hathaway, S.W. ; Daniel Sprague, J. W. ; Thoma.s Ryder, S. D. ; James Thompson, J. D. ; Andrew Woodward, Secretary ; Eugene Copley, Treasurer ; Eli Mack, Tyler. The lodge was in- stituted in 1847. The " Queen H.J Cooper. - /r. r — l^ffs.N. J.Cooper. RLSIULt.-.L .;" H. J. COOPER . OX BQ\N ((lh fon>^. ABR" M COOPEff- ( L-S WCUirt.fHOTOGRAfHln) f/RS.HAfiRin COOP£.f\. -A-BIL^H^nyi: OOOFET?. waa the son of John Cooper, aaid was born at Sonthampton, Long Island, on the 18th day of June, 1781, where some of the family settled as early as 1C40. About 1795, Abra- ham accompanied his father's family to Utioa. He received but a limited common school education, having been obliged to leave study, and assist his father in the business of haul- ing goods from the boats to the stores, etc. This was severe labor for the young man, but being naturally of an industrious temperament, he succeeded finely in his new vocation. While thus engaged he went with his team a trip to the Genesee Country, as it was called in 1796. There was but one house (a log one) in what is now the city of Auburn. On his return he stopped at Salina for a load of salt. There was an old man there with three ket- tles, boiling salt, which comprised the nucleus of the now celebrated " Salt Point" s;ilt-work8. It was not long before young Abraham Cooper had made for himself a reputation for industry, faithfulness, and capability, which induced the ofiFer of a placi> in the store of Mr. Byron Johnson, father of A. B. Johnson, for many years president of the Outiurio Branch Bank, of Utica. Here he won for himself a name for business ability and personal rectitude which endured throughout his business career. At the age of twenty-one, by the advice of his patron and old employer, he commenced business for himself at Trenton, New York. It was on the 14th of June, 1810, that, with the stock of goods furnished mostly by Mr. Johnson on credit, he opened his store in that little ham- let. While thus engaged in a l.irge and successful mercan- tile business in Trenton, he purchased a large farm, which he cultivated with success. In 1818 he removed to the present site of Ox Bow, in the town of Antwerp, where he opened a store and land-office, having previously pur- chased a large tract of land in that vicinity.* Mr. Cooper was characterized by a kindly and generous disposition, sterling integrity, and great enterprise. Aft«r a long and eminently useful life, he died February 7, 1861. He had seven children, whom he lived to see settled in life and useful members of society. Their names are Abraham, Emeline C, Howell, George, Nioole J., John J., Elias F. ; of these, all survive but Howell, who died July 24, 1870. (^See portniits, etc.) * Seo history of Ox Bow, iu the higtorj proper of Antwerp. HISTORY OF JEFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. 29 1 as he had attended but fifteen months of school prior to his being manicd, and after that nine montlis more. At the age of twelve, February, 1822, the colonel, in company witii his parents and family, emigrated to Jeffereon County, and settled in the town of Antwerp. He continued to work for his parents on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age, and during all this time he never had worn a pair of boots of any kind, and his father never paid out but one shilling for him to attend shows of any kind. He was married to Jliss Hetsj- Doud, of Rupert, Bennington county, Vermont, January 17, 1831. She was born September 4, 1800. At the time of their marriage the colonel owed for most of his wedding-suit, and had but two dollars in money, one of which he gave to the minister who married them, and the other dollar lie divided e<|ually with his wife ; thus he commenced his married life with really less than nothing. Jlr. Keene possesses a vast amount of energy, which he has ably applied to the making of a happy home. In the .spring of 18)^2, Colonel Keene purchased fifty acres of land at si.K dollars an acre, for which he ran in debt. At the end of two years this was paid for, and then he purchased twenty-five acres more at fourteen dollars per acre ; this in- cludes his present home. After two years this was also paid for. During this time he discovered an iron ore-bed, known now as Kceiic Ore-Bed. He w;is plowing for winter wheat, and the point of his plow .struck the ore. He sold his interest in said bed for nine hundred and tiifenty dollars, but only received sis hundred dollars. Colonel Keene has kept on adding from time to time to his once small farm, till to-day he is the owner of JiJ'/een hundred acres of land, and he has made all this by farm- ing, without speculation. He has built nearly all the build- ings on his large farm. He has paid from six to fifty dollars an acre for his land. He has generally beeu en- gaged in the dairy business, and, since 1865, he has kept about one hundred cows; and for the last three years he has had about one hundred and fifty cows, which have netted him about twenty dollars a head. During all this time he has enjoyed the confidence of his townsmen, and has held various offices of trust and honor. He has been an assessor for twenty-four years, road com- missioner for some time, justice of the j)eace for eight years, supervisor for three years, and for five years he was con- nected with the Old Watertown and Potsdam railroad, first as an agent for two years, then a director for three years. Not only did Colonel Keene give his time in the interest of this road, but gave in money eight thousand five hundred and sixty-four dollars, besides fourteen acres of land as right of way. lie also built what is known as Keene Station. Colonel Keene acted in the capacity of captain in the Eighty-fourth Regiment of State militia, and was then chosen colonel of the same, which position he held for several years. He has enjoyed the confidence ipf his towns- men to an unu.sual degree, being referred to in matters of dispute between neighbors, and was always able to bring them to a satisfactory agreement. For the last five years, save one, he has been president of the Antwerp Union Agricultural Society, which position he still holds. The colonel has always been a very liberal man in the support of schools and churches. In politics he was at first a Whig, but when the Republican pai1y was organized he joined it. Ill the history of Colonel Keene one can readily see what can be accomplished by industry and frug-.dity, com- bined with good calculation. Would that Jcfterson County had many more sucii. men. A large double-page view of his place, and portraits of himself and wife, may be seen elsewhere in this work. CALEB G. HALL. The subject of this sketch is the son of Havens and Amy Hall, and w;u5 born at Kxetor, Rhode Island, September lit, 1S1;{. In 1820 he removed, in company with his parents, to Antwerp, Jefferson County, New York. He remained with his parent.s till he was twenty-five years of age. On the 20th of November, 1838, he married Miss Catherine Jane Lewis, of Antwerp. She was born February 1 1 , 181 !•, at Petersburg, Rensselaer couuty. New York, and settled in Antwerp with her parents when but nine months of age. As a result of said marriage, six children have been born, five of whom still live. Soon after marriage Mr. Hall and wife located iu Newlet, on a farm now owned by George Hicks, lived there for twenty-six years, and in 18t).") settled on their present farm, known as the " Lewis farm." In politics Mr. Hall is a Republican. He Ls one of tlic pro- gressive fiirmers of his town. E. A. CARPENTER, son of Thom.is and Ann C, was born in Antwerp, Jeffer- son County, New York, June 25, 1828. His father was a native of Florida, Montgomery county, New York, and was born Septendjer 30, 17!h), and followed farming for a living. He married Miss Ann Wright, of I)e Wainc-shurg, Mont- gomery county, November 13, 1819. Twelve children were born to them, six of whom still live. In March, 1820, he emigrated to Antwerp, and settled on the farm now owned by his son, E. A. Mr. Carpenter and wife were members of the Protestant Methodist church. He died October 31, 18V3. His widow still lives on the old farm with her son E. A. Mr. E. A. .Carpenter remained at home until lie was twenty-eight years of age, when he purchased the farm now owned by Charles Render, and built all the buildings on the same. He remained there some fourteen ye;irs, sold out, and then bought the " old home," on which he built all the fine buildings, and they are among the best farm- buildings in the town. He married Miss Polly Ingalls, of Le Ray, March 9, 1852. She was born September 13, 1830. Four children born. Mr. and ^Irs. Carpenter are membei-s of the Methodist Epi-scopal church at Antwerp, and he is one of the most liberal supporters of the same. In politics a Republican. 292 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. MU. A. BACON. MRS. L. A. HACON. L. A. RACON. Araonj^ the esteemed citizon.s \vl)o,se natnes grape the pa<;es of tliis liistory may be mentioned tlie .subject of this sketch. Hi.s father wa.s a native of Massachusetts, and was born in April, 1783. Was a carpenter and joiner, and as.sisted iu building the first farm building ever built in Watertown. He married Miss Lucy Morton, about 1805, by whom he had ten children. She was born in Massa- chusetts, in 1787. While a young man Mr. Racon emi- grated to Lowville, Lewis county. About 1821 he settled in Antwerp, on the farm now owned by Smith Fuller. After coming to Antwerp Mr. B. did not follow his trade, but farmed it. In 1827 he settled on the farm now owned by his .son, Leonard A. He died in 185!), and his wife in August, 1860. They were members of the Baptist church. In {H)lities he was a Democrat until the organization of the Rejiublican j)arty. IjeoDard A. Bacon was born in Antwerp, Jefferson County, New York, April K?, 182(1. His advantages for an education were limited, but by reading and reflection he has a good business education. He is particularly fond of mathematics. At the age of twenty-one he commenced business for hiuLself by making charcoal. Soon his brother died, and his parents wished him to come home, which he did. When ho commenced farming he had but twenty-five acres and one cow ; to-day he owns si.\ hundred acres, and is milking sixty-six cows, and has milked even more. He is the owner of two farm-houses and six barns. He married Miss Alvira Fuller, ol' Antwerp, Novend)er 28, 1854. She w:»s born October 4, 1830. Mr. Racon was a Democrat until the re-election of President Lincoln, since which time he has been a Republic:in. Mr. Racon enjoys the confidence of his feliowtownsmen, and has been elected to the office of assessor for five consecutive years, and is holding the same to-day. Whatever Mr. B. has is due to industry and economy. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. NEW YORK. 293 ASHER AND NANCY LEWIS. Among the pioneer families of this county the Lewis family may be mentioned. In November, 1819, Mr. Lewis and wife and a little daughter, nine months old, emigrated from Petersburg to Antwerp. They located on what i.s known as the " Lewis farm." Their first cabin was twelve by fourteen feet, without fire-place. At one end of the cabin was a st(jnc wall, against which the fire was built, the end of the cabin being left open to let the smoke escape, and every time it rained or snowed it would put out the fire, and the family was obliged to go to the neighbors for fire, as there were no matches in tho.sc days. In the following spring a small room was added to aflbrd sleeping-apartments for jobbers. In this rude structure eight persons lived and enjoyed life. After two years, Mr. Lewis built a log house, eighteen by twenty- five. This was mucu more convenient. Here Mr. Lewis and wife reared seven ciiildren to industry and frugality. They had to yard their slock ever}' night, a.s wolves and panthers were very thick, and would often come very near the house. Mrs. Lewis made all the clothes for her family out of flax and wool. It was difficult in tho.se days to get money to pay even the taxes, and more than once land had to be sold to pay them ; but time brought changes to this happy home. Next was a frame building, and ere they had en- joyed its comforts many j'cars Mr. Lewis was called to his long home, June 28, 1859, leaving the care of the family to his wife. He was about sixty years of age when he died. After a few more years the youngest in the family, a daughter, was called. She was the mother of four .sons, two of whom still live. Of the remaining six children in the Lewis family, all are settled in life ; two are in Illinois, one in Delaware, and two in the State of New York, and the daughter, now Mrs. Hall, is living on the old farm. One of the .sons was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion for three years, was a prisoner for eleven months in Cahawba, Alabama. During the war the Lewis farm passed into the hands of C. G. Hall, and during the years of 1869 and 70 he built his present fine residence, a view of which, together with the portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Lewis, may be seen in another part of this work. HIRAM T. NUTTING. The subject of our sketch was born at Hartford, Con- necticut, in 181G. His father was a native of the same place, and was born in 17S2, and emigrated to the town of Antwerp in 1820, in company with his wife and two chil- dren, Hiram T. and Mary. He died in 1827, and his wife in 1837. Hiram T. was reared a farmer, which occupation he still follows. He commenced life very poor, but by industry and frugality he has acriuired a competency. He married Mary Ann Gates, daughter of E. Gates, in 18 43. She died in 18(52, leaving a family of six children. Mr. Nutting married for his second wife the sister (Sarah) of his first. in 1864. She died in May, 1872. In 1848 Mr. Nutting bought the farm he now lives upon, a view of which, to- gether with portraits of himself and wives, may be seen elsewhere in this work. Mr. Nutting is one of the sub- stantial and worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal church at Antwerp. ELIJAH HOUGHTON. The subject of this .sketch was born in Harvard, Wooster county, Mas-sjichusetts, June 12, 18((0, and in company witli his parents emigrated to the town of Lc Ray in 1810. His father died two yeai-s later, and Elijah went to live with one of the older members of the family, remained two years, and then served as an apprentice at the tanner and currier trade till he wa.sof age. In 1823 he purchased his first piece of land in Antwerp, but did not .settle perma- nently ni)on it till 1826. On the 26th of October, 1826, he married Miss Harriet Dopking, of Oneida county, New York. She was born April 16, 1805, and is the mother of ten children, — five sons and five daughters. Five sons and three daughters still live, each of whom is settled well in life. Mr. Houghton has a farm of two hundred acres, which he cleared himself In 1830 Mr. Houghton lost his house and all its contents by fire, but kind neighbors aided him in provisions, etc., and soon he had another home. He has been a life-long Democrat. He is now old in years and rich with experience, and is an esteemed citizen of the town. One characteristic of his life would be well to fol- low, and that is, he never contracted a debt which he was not able to meet when due. LAWRENCE WESTON. The subject of this sketch was born at Mason, Hillsbor- ough county. New Hampshire, November 19, 1795. Early in life he was an apprentice in the tannery business, and continued to follow the same till he was twentj'-eight. He married Miss Jane Humphrey, of Herkimer county. New York, July 21, 1822. She was born in Herkimer county December 4, 1798. Seven children were born to them, — six .sons and a daughter. One son — George — w;is drowned in New Orleans January 3, 18G7, and one son — John — was a soldier in the Rebellion, and lost his life. In 1817 Mr. Weston emigrated to Le Ray township, Jefferson County, New York, then to Rutland, and in March, 1824, he set- tled in Antwerp on the farm now owned by liis son Clark, who is the generous donor of this sketch and view of place and portraits of parents. Mr. Weston was a Democrat in jiolitics, and held the office of assessor for a period of fifteen years, and then was succeeded by his son Clark, who held it for .sixteen years. He died March 15. 1858. He was a good husband and father and an esteemed citizen. Mrs. Weston is still hale and hearty, and lives on the " old home." Clark was born July 26, 1831. brow:n'ville. The town of Brownvillc derives its name from its founder and firet settler, Jacob Brown, who afterwards liooaine major-Ljeneral in the United States army. Tiie town was formed from Lcyden, April 1, 1802, and originally embraced all that portion north of Black river from a line runnini; from the northwest corner of Cham- pion, north forty-live degrees east to the southwesterly bounds of tlic county of St. Lawrence. Prior to 1788 these lands were in pos.sessiou of the Oneida Indians of the Iroquois Confederacy. In Septem- ber of that year the Oiteidas, by treaty, conveyed, for a consideration, the greater part of their lands to the State. Thi.'i treaty was confirmed by the United States in 1784. The office of land-commissioner was created by the State in 178G, a7id authority given the commissioners to dispose of any unapjiropriated lands. In 1791 Alexander Macomb bargained for a large tract of land embracing this section, and in 1792 employed Wm. Constable to sell lands in Europe. On the 12th of April, 1793, Constable effected a sale of 210,000 acres of this land to I'eter Chassanis, of Paris ; and Chassanis appointed Ilodolphe Tillier, of New York, to manage and sell this property. Macomb's tract No. 4 was surveyed in 1796 by C. C. Brodhead, assisted by Jonas Smith, Timothy Wheeler, Joshua Northnip, Elias Marvin, John Young, Isaac Le Fcvre, Elijah Blake, Samuel Tupper, Eliakim Hammond, and Abraham B. Smede, each with a few men as assistants, and the whole having a general camp or rendezvous at Pil- lar I'oint, at a place called Peck's cove, near where the Cha.ssanis line crosses the bay. When Chassanis first arranged for this tract of land, it was proposed to divide it into lots of fifty acres each, giving title and possession of one lot to each purchaser, and reserving for each purchaser another lot of fifty acres, of which he was not to come in possession until a future j)eriod. Provision was also made for two cities, one of which was to be lociitcd between Brownville and Dexter; six hundred acres to be set aside for this city, to be called the "city of Ba.sle." The early history of the settlement of Brownville is closely interwoven with that of Jacob Brown, who, while teaching school in New York, formed the acquaintance of Tillier, and became interested in the Black river country. Samuel Brown, the father of Jacob Brown, resided in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, on the banks of the Dela- ware. He was a man of wealth, and Jacob, with an older brother, was being educated at an academy in Trenton, when his father lost his jiroperty by an unfortunate specu- lation, and Jacob w.is obliged to leave school, and become 294 the teacher of his younger brothers and sisters. He was now a lad of sixteen. He afterwards taught a large school at Crosswicks, New Jersey, qualifying himself in the mean time for land-surveying, and as land-surveyor he spent a year in the Miami country, Ohio, thus early developing those sterling qualities of energy and self-reliance that fitted him for pioneer life, as well as the ^u'duous duties of his brilliant military career. The Brown family were now casting about to retrieve their fortunes, and Jacob, as well as his fiither, had strong ]iroclivities towards a home in Ohio, and, with that in view, had entered into some negotiations for a tract of land, now the site of the city of Cincinnati. These plans were not ma- tured, and Jacob returned to New York in 1798, and took charge of a Quaker school, and while thus engaged, formed the acquaintance of Tillier, the agent of Chassanis, and the project of coming into the Black river country was dis- cussed. Tillier accompanied him on a vi.sit to his father's house, and a written agreement was entered into by which Tillier agreed to defray all the expenses of a pro.specting trip, whether he purchased or not. In February, 1 799, having closed his school in New York, he proceeded to the French settlement at the High Falls, finding his way from Utica by marked trees ; here he remained to complete his plans, making several journeys to Utica, and bringing from thence such supplies as would be needed in his projected trip. In March he launched his boat upon the swollen waters of Black river, and floated down to Long Falls (Carthage), and from thence, in company with two men by the name of Chambers and Samuel Ward, and a few hired men, he took the route of the " French road," so called, which Tillier had caused to be opened at the expense of the French com- pany, from the High Falls on Black river to Great Bend; thence nearly direct to Clayton or French creek. Travel- ing this road until ho .supposed they had gone far enough, he struck oft' towards tlie river, which he reached at the Basin, one and a half miles below the present village of Brownville. Here he lieard the sound of a waterfall, and followed the river up till he came to a point where a creek,* swollen by the spring freshet, jjourcd its torrent of waters into Black river. This creek did not then run in its present channel, but at a point near the present railroad bridge it made an angle, and found a channel along the space between the present residences of Byron Cole and George Hunter, and thence down through " Scrabble IIol- * This creek he aftcrwardi named " Philomel creek," Trom bcur- in;; the song uf a bird rt'sniiUIinji the niglilingnle, or Diilutnctn, among the trees that skirted its biiuks. L'^*i*.. ASH£R L£w;s ~^';.-: Mifsf^ANCY fA. Lewis ■"'(£■,;, -■■' y,'-V' I^R3. jAAf^Y AUN j/urTlHS^ MR3 tlAFAH /uniN^. { Ptf07"-T > at»^>'>'i:^ - .'-c-^S:. ^- -- FARM AND RESIDENCE OF HiRAM T. NUTTINO, ANTWE.^r, N. Y. HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 295 low" into tlie river. A straight channel was aflerward.s cut through the rocks to the river, as at the present da}'. It was the intention of Jacob Brown to establish him- self at the head of navigation, and believing this creek would afford water suflieieiit for mills and all manufacturing purposes, and the river below need but little improvement to make it navigable for boats, he determined to locate here, and thus began the settlement of IJrownville. He immediately set about clearing the land, and the Jirst house north of IJlack river was built of logs, on the edge of the bank, where the hay-scales now st;ind. In the mean time he sent on for his father's family, who arrived on May 27, 17!tO, having found tlieir way by the tedious navigation of the Mohawk, Oneida lake, and Lake Ontario, pitching their tent at niglit on the shore, and re- suming their way by day. Wlien the family arrived the log house had neither roof nor floor, door or window. It Wiis built of pine logs, felled mi the spot ; a sail-cloth was taken from the boat and stretched acro.ss the u])jier timbers for a roof, and the openings for doors and windows were closed as well as po.ssible by (piilts and blankets. In this rude domicile, twenty feet sijuare, were gathered the twenty persons, male and female, old and young, who composed tills little colony. At this time there were not more than three families within forty-five miles, and nothing like a settlement for twenty-four miles, — all north of Black river being a dense wilderness. One may imagine the feelings of Jacob's motlier, when she said, on taking a survey of her new home, '■ Well, Jacob, thee hiis got us all here, but thee lias not a board to make us a coffin, nor a spade to dig us a grave." Tradition s;iys the mother of Jacob Brown was not known to smile for six months after she came to this wilderness. About that time Jacob returned from New Y^ork with goods, and among other articles brought a spade. His mother said, " Jacob, what will thee do with a spade, among these roots and stumps ?" " Oh ! some of us may die ' (alluding to the remark his mother had made on her first introduction into pioneer life), •' and we shall want a spade ;" at which reply, it is said, she smiled. The Brown family at this time consisted of Samuel Brown and his wife, Christopher, Jacob. John (afterwards Judge Brown), Jo.seph, Mary (Mrs. Newland, of Fishkill), Benjamin, Samuel (Major Brown, of Brownville), Hannah (Jlrs. B. Skinner), William (who was drowned in Lake Erie, while acting as aid to his brother, JIajor General Brown, during the War of 1812), Abi (Mrs. Evans), and Joseph, General Brown, of Tecumseh, Michigan. With them had come George Brown, a relative, with his two sons, Henry, a lad of fourteen, and Thomas, then eight. Of course there was no lumber for building purposes, but their necessities made them fertile in invention, and, as a substitute for planks for floors, they used long strips of bark, laid down closely, and taken up each day, ctirricd into the open air, cleansed, and then rclaid. TUE FIRST TABLE. Shortly after their arrival a piece of pine plank was dis- covered floating down the river, which they managed to secure. This was a prize, and from it was manufactured the first table, around which they daily gathered to break bread and thank the '■ Giver of every good." This table is ' now in the possession of Mrs. Mary How, of Brownville. After a time some rough-hewed planks were put up as shelves, lieing fastened to the log wall by wooden pins ; here the dishes were s;ifely placed, and the hearts of mother and daughters rejoiced over the convenient arrangement. How this large family could find sufficient room in this log hut, twenty feet square, is a problem difficult to solve; but here they lived and tlirived, keeping " open house" for all the hungry and benighted land-jobbers, surveyors, hunters, or fishermen who chances, David Lytlle, and Solon Stone located at Dexter, and later Mr. Willis and Jere. Winegar, and still later Kendall Hursley, Joshua Eaton, Jesse Babcoek, Syl- vanus Pool, John T. Wood, James A. Bell, Solomon Moyer, John P. Shelley, and others. 298 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Previous to 1805 the county of Oneida embraced all this section, but for convenience of access to county courts, buildings, records, etc., it was thought advisable to divide the county, and an act was passed March 2S, 1S05, erect- ing Lewis and Jefferson counties from Oneida. A strenu- ous effort was now made on the part of Mr. Brown and others north of the river for the location of the puldic buildings at Brownville ; but other influences prevailed, and Watertown was selected as the eounty-seat. In 1807 there were in Brownville one hundred and eighty-one legal voters, with property qualifications. In 1807 and 1818 bounties of five dollars were offered on wolves; in 1821, eight dollars; 180G, '8, '9, '11, '12, '20, ten dollars; 1804, '13, '19, fifteen dollars; 1815, 'IC, twenty dollars ; 1814, '17, twenty-five dollars. Fox boun- ties of one dollar in 1815, '20, '21 ; and of two dollars and fifty cents in 1817, '19; and of fifty cents in 1833, were offered. In 1800 a bounty of ten dollars, and in 1807 of five dollars, was offered for panthers. February 10, 1807, "The Brownville Library" was formed under the general act, with John Brown, John Baxter, Henry Cowley, Isaac Pearse, John Simonds, Ste- phen Stanley, and Thos. Y. Howe, tru.stees. This, and a subsequent a.ssociation, have long since been dissolved. In 1810 the legislature passed an act to improve the navigation of the mouth of the river up to Brownville by canals and locks. It was thought by making the river navi- gable to Brownville that it would be made a port of entry for the commerce of the lakes, and a shipping port for the produce of the country ; but with so good a harbor and port as was afforded by the bay at Sacket's Harbor, the project failed. Conmiunication for supi)lii's at this time was mainly with Kingston ; potash, a large product from clearing the land of its timber, being exchanged for flour, pork, and ntlier goods. There were two warehouses built for the accommo- dation of this trade just below Brownville, small sail-boats being used for this transportation. Just previous to the war of 1812 Congress laid an embargo on trade between Eng- land and the United States. Potash, which in the new settlements was one of the chief products, advanced to three hundred and three hundred and twenty dollars a ton in Montreal, from whence it was .shipped to England. This excited the cupidity of traders, and an "embargo road" was opened from tlie Black river, near Brownville, to near French creek, which, for a time, became a great thoroughfare for smugglers. From a record made in the clerk's oflice June 5, 1810, it ajijiears a company was formed called the ni.ACK RIVKR NAVKi.VTION COJIP.^NY, with the following persons subscribers, aiicl the number of .•shares (at SIO) taken by each: Samuel Hrown, Jr., 20 ; Jacob Hrown, 35; Micah Sterling, 10 ; Benjamin Skinner, 111; .lolin Brown, 20; Wni. M. Lord, 20; Judah Wil- liani.s, 10; Samuel Starr, 20 ; Jo.seph Sterling, 10; Wm. Hunter, 10 ; Uiehard M. Esselstyn, 10 ; James Shields, 5 ; (icrshom Tnttic, 5 ; Thomas S. Converse, 5 ; Amasa Trow- bridge, 10. The commissioners were Ethel Bronson, John I'lrown, Wm. M. Lord, and Thos. S. Converse. March 8, 1811, the company received an amendment of their charter, by which the president and directors were to appoint a col- lector, who should receive from every boat of five tons or over twenty-five cents per ton, small boats fifty cents per ton, for going and returning, provided the receipts should not exceed fourteen per cent, of the capital invested. The comjiany was to finish its work in three years. The time was afterwards extended, and in 1815 wooden locks were built, of capacity sufficient to allow the passage of Durham boats; and by an advertisement in the Sacket's Harbor Gazette oi May 1, 1817, the highest toll for passing the locks was fixed at fifty cents. About the year 1828 these wooden locks having decayed, they were replaced by stone locks, and in the summer of 1827 the steamer Brownville was built by a company, among whom were Turner and Dodd, Wm. S. Ely, Wm. Lord, Hoel Lawrence, and Edmund Kirby, of this place, with others in Oswego and Ogdensburgh. This boat had a keel of 80 feet; beam 20 feet; depth of hold GJ feet; 100 tons burden ; and engines of 35 to 40 horee- power. She was burned to the water's edge on her first trip to Og- densburgh, but her crew was saved. The hull was towed to Brownville, rebuilt by Captain E. B. Dodd, and soon after sold at Sacket's Harbor, and her name changed to Wm. Avery. Dexter, three and one-half miles below Brownville, is now the head of navigation. POST-ROUTES. April 10, 1810, a post-route was established from Utica, by Wliitestown, Rome, Camden, Adams, and Sacket's Harbor, to Brownville ; and another from Ilarrisburg, by Champion, Watertown, and Brownville, to Fort Putnam. April 30, 1816, from Brownville to Cape Vincent. June 15, 1832, from Watertown, by Brownville and La Farge- ville, to Cornelia, at the mouth of the French creek, thence by Depauville to Brownville. April 12, 181(5, an act was passed, allowing Blr. Lo Ray to extend the Cape Vincent tiiriipike-Toad to Brownville village. By an act of April 21, 1831. this road was surrendered to the public. In 1817 a military road was projected, to unite the two prominent stations of Plattsburg and Sacket's Harbor, which was commenced, but only a portion completed. The western extremity from Sacket's Harbor pa.s.ses through Brownville to Pamelia Four Corners. After being opened by the Government it ))assed into the hands of the town, and has thus been maintained. THE \V.\R OF 1812 caused much excitement in these frontier towns. Jacob Brown, who had been made colonel of the lOSth Keginient of New York State militia, received the commission of brigadier-general, and hail personal direction of military operations on the frontier during most of the first season. Large bodies of militia a.ssembled here for service, a hos- pital was established, and troops stationed in the village and vicinity at dift'erent times during the war. At Perch River a fort or bluek-house was put up by voluntary labor on the site of the residence of the late S. F. Spicer. It was de- signed as a |)laec of .safety for the women and children, the sick and infirm. It was never used for this purpo.se, but Residence or JOHN C. KNAPP, BRowNviucJcrrERsoN Co.N.Y. IIISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 299 served as a storehouse for grain. Anotlicr block-houi5e was built 01) the site of the present Bapti.st churcii, but, instead of being used as designed, was afterwards used for religious meetings. The old inhabitants relate many incidents connected with the War of 1812, to which they or their ancestors were parties, among them the following : The British had some of our men prisoners of war at Prescott, Canada, and were taking tliem by boat to Kingston, under a boat's crew and guard of about an equal number with themselves. A plan was formed among our men to overpower the guard and take the boat to Capo Vincent instead of Kingston. The watchword "whisky" was to be given, when each of our men was to attack and make sure of his man. The plan was successful ; the crew and guard were overpowered, and made prisoners in their turn, and brought to Cape Vincent, and from thence to Brownville. At this time mon were intolerant of those who were sus- pected of being in .sympathy with the other side. There is a story told of a resident of the little hamlet of Perch River, who was thouglit b\- his neighbors to lack patriot- ism. He lived just beyond the first bridge cros.sing Perch river. There was another bridge two miles farther up, near which lived Mr. Sloffatt, an ardent patriot. At Brownville village the British sympatliinerhad liirmed the acquaintance of one Lieutenant Showers, a British prisoner of war on parole. It was agreed between the two parties that Shiiwers, under cover of night, should go to the house of this friend, where he would find help to escape to Canada. Accord- ingly, he started, but, mistaking tlie road, went on to the second bridge. All w;xs quiet within, but he succeeded in rousing Mr. Moffatt, and in the darkness not recognizing him, said, " Well, I've got here at last !" Mr. Moffatt W!\s a man of quick perceptions, and suspected who he was. He directed him to go back to the first bridge, where he would find the right house. As soon as he had gone, Mr. Moffatt hastily dressed, roused his neighbors, Wait Frank- lin and Benjamin Prior, and. by a nearer way, reached the bridge and secreted themselves under it to await his arrival. They were scarcely hid before his quick steps were heard, and he was (|«ietly followed to the designated house. A candle was soon lighted, and through the window they saw food given him, and heard the two in earnest discourse. Plans were matured for his escape, — names of parties were given on whom he should call for aid, —the listeners hearing all the details. In the mean time, one of their number hurriedly ran and aroused a neighbor, and sent him to Brownville for the guard. Before morning both men were under arrest. The tory waa tried for treason ; but, for some reason, severe punishment was not inflicted. He returned after a time to his old neighborhood, where he lived for many years a respected citizen, having learned more wisdom by experience, and having become imbued with more patriotic sentiments. FIRST TOWN-MEETING. The first town-meeting of Brownville was held at the house of Samuel and Jacob Brown, and adjourned to the Brownville Hotel March 1, ISOo. at which (he following town-otEccrs were elected: Jacob Brown, supervisor; Isaac Collins, clerk ; John W. Collins, Richard Smith, and Peter Pratt, assessors ; J. W. Collins, Ozias Preston, Samuel Starr, commissioners of highways ; 0. Preston, Richardson Avery, Henry A. Delemater, Samuel Brown, Benjamin Brown, William Rogers, Abijah Putnam, fence-viewers; S. Brown, S. Starr, overseers of the poor; S. Brown, San- ford Langworthy, Caleb J. Bates, Sylvanus Fish, H. A. Delemater, Frederick Sprague, George Waffle, Ethni Evans, path-ma-sters ; J. W. Collins, H. A. Delemater, and S.Brown, pound-masters. Supervi.sore : 1803, Jacob Brown; 1804, '05, John W. Collins; 1809, '10, John Brown; 1811, '12, Josiah Far- rar; 1813, John Brown; ISl-t, Joseph Clark; 1815, John Brown; ISIIC, '17, Walter Cole; 1818, George Brown, Jr,; 1819, '20, Hoel Lawrence; 1821-28, Wal- ter Cole; 1829-33, George Brown (Perch River) ; 1831, '35, Aaron Shew; 1836, '37, Walter Cole; 1838, Mahlon P. Jackson; 1830, '40, Alanson Skinner; 1841, William Lord; 1842, '43, A. Skiimer; 1844, '45, Charles B. Avery ; 1846, A. Skinner ; 1847, Charles B. Avery ; 1848, Arba Strong; 1849, Cyrus Allen ; 1850, Thomas L. Knap; C. Allen, special meeting; 1851, Cyrus Allen; 1852, Samuel Middleton (2d); 1853, C. K. Loom is ; 1854, '55, Beriah Allen; 1856, '57, James A. Bell; 1858, Je.s,se Ayres; 1859-Gl, Henry Spicer; 1SG2-64, Henry Dor- chester; 1865-68, Ezra S. Tallman ; 1869, Henry Spicer; 1870, Alvin A. Gibbs ; 1875, Walter Zimmerman; 1876, 0. M. Wood; 1877, Henry Binningcr. In 1818 the town raised two thousand dollars towards building a bridge at Pamelia village, and another at Brown- ville village. At the annual toww-nieeting, which was held at Perch River, in 1820, after electing a portion of the officers, the meeting adjourned to the house of Edward Arnold, on Penet Square, till the next day. This measure created much excitement, and those living in the southern and eastern portions of the town rallied with all their forces, attended promptly at the earliest moment of the adjourned meeting, organized, and immediately voted another ad- journment, to the house of Elias Bennett, Brownville vil- lage, on the afternoon of the same day, where the vote for town-clerk was reconsidered, and the remaining offieere elected. Being thus robbed of their town-meeting, the settlers on Penet Square and in distant localities demanded a separate organization, which was readily granted ; and all parties, having met at an informal meeting, or convention, at the village, agreed upon a petition to the legislature, which was acted upon before another town-meeting. Accordingly, the town of Orleans, which embraces Penet Square, was set oflF from this town April 3, 1821. At the town meeting in 1821 the clerk read three notices for the division of the town, which were not voted. The first was to annex a part of Brownville to Pamelia ; the second, a part of Brownville to Le Ray ; .iiid a third, to erect four new towns from Brownville and Lo Ray. In 1822 a motion to annex Pamelia to Brownville was defeated. THE FIRST MURDER TKI.VL. "On the lijth of A)iril, 1S2S, the public was aroused by 300 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the report of a murder, committed near the Perch River settlement of this town, by Henry Evans upon Joshua Rogers and Henry ])iamond, in an affair growing out of an attempt to forcibly eject Evans without legal formality from premises leased by a brother of Rogers. The parties had been drinking, and were quarrelsome. Evans had shut himself u\) in his house, which was forcibly entered, with threats and abusive language, upon which he seized an axe and mortally wounded two, and badly a third, who recov- ered. He was immediately arrasted, and at the June term of the court of Oyer and Terminer in 1828 was tried, the court consisting of Nathan Williams, circuit judge ; Egbert Ten Eyek, first judge; Joseph Hawkins, judge; Robert Lansing, district attorney; H. H. Sherwood, clerk ; H. H. CofFeen, sheriff. The district attorney was assisted by Mr. Clarke, and the prisoner defended by IMessrs. Sterling, Bronsou, and Rathboue. The vicious temper and aban- doned character of the prisoner, who, whether drunk or sober, had been the terror of his neighborhood, outweighed the extenuating circumstances, and the jury, after a half- hour's deliberation, returned a verdict of guilty, and he was sentenced to be hung August 22. The sentence was ex- ecuted at the appointed time, in the presence of an immense crowd from this and adjoining counties. The gallows was on the north bank of the river, nearly opposite the court- house." Objections were raised against the body being buried in the Brownville cemetery, and his friends, after repeated attempts at his burial, were obliged to take his remains three or four miles back from the village, and bury the corpse by night. Before the division of the town of Brownville it in- cluded the present towns of Lyme, Cape Vincent, Orleans, Clayton, Pamelia, and a part of Alexandria, Le Ray, and Theresa. The present limits of the town include thirty-three thou- .sand nine hundred and ninety-four acres of land almost wholly under cultivation. It is a valuable town for agri- cultural purposes. The land is rich, strong, and productive, and well adapted to general farming. There is very little waste land in the town. Timber has been left to meet the reijuirenients of the farm, giving to every farm its wood lot. The timber is principally beech, maple, hickory, bass- wood, ash, and elm. There are sections where pine and hemlock were found, as well as cedar. These latter varieties served a most valuable purpose for the early settlers for building and fencing. Limestone is abundant for building and fencing j)ur- poses. It crops out in many places, particularly along the banks of Black river, presenting an interesting and singular appearance, it,s worn surface and deep fissures indicating the action of water at an early period. The town is divided up into about 350 farms, averaging less than 100 acres each, but ranging from 50 to 200 or more acres. The productions are hay, wheat, oats, barley, corn, and rye, and j)otatoes more than suffieient fur home consumption ; oats, barley, and hay so much in excess as to be a source of revenue. Hops are raised to a limited ex- tent, but the principal articles of export are butter and chee.se, almo.st every farm of one hundred acres keejiing from ten to iiftcen cows. Most of the milk is taken to cheese-factories, which are conveniently located over the town to meet this demand. Farms are well fenced with boards, rails, or stone wall, and divided into lots of ten to fifteen or more acres. The farm buildings are good, plain, and substantial, many of them of modern styles, with the surrounding grounds well laid out. The older barns are gradually giving place to a better class, both as to style and convenience. The farming population as a class are intelligent and enterprising. The inhabitants of the town are a reading and very generally a church-going people. There are ten church edifices in the town, so situated as to be convenient of access to the inhab- itants. There are twenty school districts in the town, each having a commodious school-house. By a vote of the town, under the " local option law," the sale of intoxicating liquors as a beverage has not been per- mitted for the last throe years. There are five post-offices in the town, viz. : at Brown- ville village. Dexter, Perch River, Limerick, and Pillar Point, — that at Brownville being a " niuney-order " office. Railroad facilities are afforded by the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh railroad, which passes through about eight miles of the town, with stations and substantial build- ings at Brownville village and Limerick. The assessed valuation of the real estate of the town in 1876 was $1,656,000. The personal property was assessed at that date at ?I76,430. The census of 1814 credited one slave to Brownville. This was probably Sylvia Robin- son, the slave of Thomas Bowlsby, brought by him from New Jersey. " Old Sylvy," as she was called, said " she didn't know how old she was ; guessed she was about a hundred years old;" and her bent form and trembling limbs indicated an advanced age. Her face was a familiar one upon the street in days gone by, but her remains now rest in the village cemetery. In 1840 the list of Revolutionary pensioners for Brown- ville was, John Baxter, aged 88 ; Walter Wil.son, 85 ; Selah Burton, 79 ; David Ilimiston, 93 ; John P. Beecher, 78. In 1849 the Dexter, Brownville and Pamelia plank- road, five miles and twelve chains long, was commenced, and completed October 5, 1850, but was long since aban- doned. In its place, between Brownville and Watertown, a very substantial macadamized road has been under the management of Alanson Skinner for many years. Since his death (the lease having expired) the road has been given up to the towns of Watertown and Brownville. In 1852 the Cape Vincent branch of the Rome, Water- town and Ogdensburgh railroad, connecting at Water- town, was completed, passing directly through the village of Brownville. THE VILLAGE OF BROWNVILLE was incorporated Ajiril 5, 1828. The following officers were chosen at the first election, viz. : Thomjis Looiuis, Jr., Hoel Lawrence, George Brown, Peleg Burchard, Tracy S. Knap, trustees ; Wm. S. Ely, Asa Whitney, Wm. Lord, asses.sors ; John A. Cathcart, treasurer ; James Shields, collector ; Levi Torrey, constable. The following pcr.sons have been presidents of the board of trustees lor the yeare indicated : HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. :50i 1829, Wm. S. Ely. 1847 John E. Brown. 1830, Derrick Gibbons. 1S4.S Kdmund Kirby. 1831, llocl Lawrence. 1849, Thos. L. Knap. 1832, Kdmund Kirby. 1850 C K. Loomis. 1833, "VVm. Lord. 1851, J. B. Kirby. 1834, George Urown. 1852, James J. Hunt. 1835, Arba Strong. 1853, Jesse Ayres. 1836, A. Skinner. 1854, James Skinner. 1837, J. lleinniinway. 1855- 5B, N. B. Lord. 1838, Joel Blood. 1857, Jesse Ayres. 1839, James Shielils. 1858- 01, Wm. n. Brown. 1840, Thomas Loomis. 1S62, Chas. C. Steele. 1841, Wm. Lord. 1SG3, Aaron Brown. 1842, Chas. K. Loomis. l.S(;4- 60, George C. Plumb 1S43 1SG7, isr.s. Franklin Keenan. Chas. C. Steele. 1844, John Bradley. 1845, Arba Strung. ISO'.l, Alfred Kilborn. lS4fi, M. C. LiMimis. 1S70- -7", Alvin A. Gibbs. Tlie board of trustees fur 1S77 are Cliarles C. Codiuon, Robert Younger, Jeremiah Giltenan, Jobn W. Wilder, and Alvin A. Gibbs, — the latter tlic president of the board. THE TOWN OFFICERS for 1877 are: Henry Binniger, supervisor; Wm. H. Winn, town clerk; Charles Allen, justice of the peace; Robert A. Mullin, Henry Reeves, John Fit/.gerald, asses- sors ; Amos Otis, commissioner of highways ; Chas. C. Steele, Cyrus Potter, for district No. 1 ; Walter Vandebo- gart, Edmund B. Calkins, for district No. 2 ; Walter Lee, Edwin R. Adams, for district No. 3 ; Cyrenius Woodworth, John n. Stokes, for district No. 4 ; Adolphus P. Swartz, collector ; Chester Seber, Charles W. Smith, Sydney R. Brimmer, Bruce Mahew, constables ; Farnahan Cory, game-constable; Edwin R. White, Henry Spicer, town auditors ; Sterling W. Avery, Morgan Williams, Horace Skinner, excise commissioners. MANUFACTORIES. February 9, 1814, a company was organized for manu- facturing purposes, with a nominal capital of $100,000. The first trustees were John Paddock, John Brown, Thomas Loomis, Jr., Thomas J. Whitesides, and Hoel Lawrence, who were to serve for one year. A factory- building of stone was erected, and the manufacture of cotton goods commenced the next year. The business proving unprofitable, it was conducted but a few montlis, and was not resumed for several years. The property was bought by Charles Smith, Elizur Fairman, and John A. Cathcart, in 1820. and an act procured April 6, 1831, incorporating the Brownviile Cotton Factory, with a capi- tal of $100,000, in shares of fifty dollars. The business was managed with indiflFerent success and numerous stop- pages until 1842, when, under the ownership of Charles Smith, Wm. H. Averill, and F. W. Andrews, the mill was greatly enlarged and 3200 spindles and 80 looms put in operation, giving employment to from 80 to 100 hands, with a capacity of 18,000 yards of sheeting a week. It re- mained under this ownership until 185G, since which time it has been owned and managed successively by Messrs. Carlcton & Andrews, L. S. Pratt & Son, Fitzsinimons & Co., Munifoid & Co., and others. It is not at present in operation. A company, styled the Jefferson Lead Company, with a capital of $15,000, was formed June 30, 1838, with Thomas L. Knap manager. The business of manufacturing white lead and lithic paints was conducted witli varied success for about twelve years, when it was abandoned. A woolen-factory, owned by Br.idley and Brown, was destroj'ed by fire January, 184G ; also a machine-shop, flax- mill, and other property, none of which were rebuilt. A furnace, foundry, and machine-shop was established in 1820 by Wm. liord and Henry Caswell. The present large stone furnace building, owned by Colonel Lord, was erected by Wm. Lord and Alanson Skinner in 1830. The business was conducted for seven years by Lord & Skinner, then by Wm. Lord & Son (the partner being Gilderoy Lord, now of Watertown) for sixteen years, and still later, the firm of N. B. Lord & Brothers (the brothers being Wm., Jr., and Nathan) conducted the business. The furnace lias not been in operation for several years. A large and commodious building was erected, with suit- able contiguous buildings for conducting an extensive foun- dry, furnace, and stove manufacturing business, by Alanson Skinner in 1837, and the present machine-shop in 1840. The business has, with little interruption, been conducted successively by A. Skinner & Son and H. Skinner & Brotliers, and at present by Wm. T. Skinner and Horace Rice, under the firm-name of Skinner & Rice. A flouring-mill was built about this time by Thomas L. Knap, which has since been owned ami operated by Charles H. Bartlett, Bartlett & Patrick, Bartlett & Smith, P. T. Welch, and is at present owned by Charles C. Steele, and operated by Q. C. Steele and Ed. Giles under a copartner- ship. Seth G. Hunter carries on a business for the manufac- ture of furniture and cabinet-ware in the stone building, originally a woolen-mill, on the Brownviile side of the river. The " Brownviile Carriage- Works" were established by Henry Lord in 1828, in the stone shop built for a woolen- factory, afterwards the " White Lead Works," and at pres- ent occupied by S. G. Hunter as a cabinet-shop. Some years ago 3Ir. Lord built the block opposite the Stone hotel, which was sold to Mr. Hunt and occupied as a shoe-store by himself, and harness-shop by George Stebbin. Mr. Lord afterwards re-bought it, and remodeled it by adding thereto the present building, used for a store-room and for the display of finished work, on the site of the old stone law-office of N. Rathbun, G. M. Bucklin, and W. W. Wagar, successively. Mr. Lord's business was principally the manufacture of lumber-wagons and heavy work. His name on a wagon was a guarantee that it was of good ma- terial and well made. The man who owned a wiigon made by Henry Lord, and a harness made by George Stebbins, considered himself well equipped. The business is at pres- ent conducted by John W. Wilder, more attention being paid to fine light carriages and cutters. G. Codmon & Son conduct a general manufacturing business in the line of furniture, cabinet-ware, coffins, and job-work in wood. Acro.ss the river, near the site of the mills originally built by John Brown, a flouring-mill is owned and operated by Byron Cole, Myron H. Peck, aiul J. H. Thompson. They do both custom and merchatit milling, aggregating about $100,000 per annum. They 302 HISTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. keep three teams employed tlic greater part of the time in drawii)g grain from the cars to the mill, and delivering flour and feed to the cars for shipment and to neighboring towns. Adjoining this is a stone building, oriiiinally constructed for a woolen-mill, where, in 1835, and for twenty-five years thereafter. Joel G. Stacy, Enoch Drake, H. C. Alexander, W. K. Willis, Jr., and others, have manufactured satinet, fuller's cloth, and flannels, and done a general wool-carding and cloth-pre.ssing business. It is now run on wool-carding by H. C. Alexander. A shingle-niill was built by Warren & Hunter, and sup- plied by material shipped from Canada, but the cost of transportation was too great to succe.ssfully compete with mills nearer the timber, and the business was alianduned. A saw-mill, built many years af;o, has given place to more modern machinery ; it stands just below the shingle- mill, and is now doing a custom business under the manage- ment of Lewis Maynard. THE MERCHANTS doing business in thi.s village arc Alvin A. Gibbs, dry-goods, groceries, etc. ; Albert E. Lord, dry-goods and drugs ; My- ron H. Peek, groceries and provisions ; Robert Younger & Son, groceries and provisions. Plii/sici3', an otlicer of the llevolution, and afterwards judge of the sujireme court of Connecticut. Colonel Kirby was born at Litchfield, Connecticut, .\])ril IS, 179t; entered tfie army as lieutenant in LSI 2; serveil during the war on the north- ern frontier; joined General Brown as aid in 1S2U; from IS21 to '23 discharged the duties of adjutant-general at Washington,- in lS2-t was ajipointcd p.aymaster of the army, and returned to Brownville, where he married Eliza, a daughter of General Brown. From 1832 to '40 ho was engaged in the Florida wars with the Indians; was chief of the pay department during the Mexican war; volunteer aid to General Taylor at the storming of Monterey ; aid to General Scott at Vera Cruz, Cerro 'Gordo, Contrcras, Churubusco, Chapultepec, and the Mexican capital, and always distinguished for courage ami bravery." In 1848 he returned to his home in Brownville; was enthusiastically received by the citizens, a large cavalcade going out to meet and welcome him on his approach to the village. The .seeds of disea.se were implanted in his .system by the hardships of war in a tropicid climate, which had so impaired his health that he sought relief from the medici- nal waters of Avon Springs, where he died, August 20, 1849, aged fifty-five. His remains were brought to Brownville, and laid in the village cemetery with fitting military honors. A jilain shaft of Qtiincy granite marks his rcstiiigplace, and bears silent testimony to his heroic deeds. By his side in the village cemetery lie the remains of his fiallant .«on, "Brigadier-General E. Kirby. who was wounded at Cliancellorsville, May 3, and died !May 28, 1803, at the age of twenty-three, a worthy son of an honored sire.'' (IKdlKlK BROWN, ESQ., who was for so many years identified with thy interests of HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 303 Brownville, was a son of George Brown, one of the colonists, and f'ollowoJ liis father to tlii.s county in 1802. " Ho was ek'ctcfl justice of the town soon afttT its orgiiiiixation, wliiclfcollicc he hehl for nearly tiflv jeiirs, with little interruption, hein;^ elcetcJ whenever noininuted, wliatever the strenf^th of the po- litical party to which he belongeti. He was also postmaster for twenty-eight years; was a inemher of assembly in ISli); introdinied and secured the passa;^e of (he hill organizinf; the town itf Pamelia, and giving it its name after the wife of (Jeneral IJrown." It is said Colonel Kirby never went out to town-uiceting, but when this friend's name was on the ticket ho wouUl always go four miles to vote for George Brown. The following anecdote is related by hi.s nephew, Hon. Lysander Brown, of AVatcrtown : ** George Brown was one of the jutlges of tlie old court of common pleas of this county for many years, as long ago as when the late Jason Fairbanks got together his famous heavy jury. The court was coinposo, Wm. M. Lord, who kept the Biownvillc hotel. His uncle having leased the hotel, William taught a winter school at Blanchard's Corners, spending his time out of school in getting out the timber for forty wooden plows, which the next spring he finished up for market. In the fall he concluded to return to Vermont. He packed his clothes, bought a horse and saddle, and was intending to start the next morning, in company with Isaac Farwell, Chesterfield Parsons, and a Mr. Stow. While taking sup- per together at Abijah FarweU's, Warren Skinner, acting as sergeant in Captain Wm. Cole's company, came in, and warned eacli of them to report with axe and gun the next morning for service in cutting and felling trees across the road between Brownville and Cape Vincent, to prevent the enemy approaching by way of the cape, fearing an insuffi- cient guard there would enable the enemy to gain access to Sacket's Harbor by this route. FarwcU, Parsons, and Stow concluded it safest to go on to Vermont as designed. Mr. Lord said, " If my coun- try wants my services, I have nothing to withhold." He joined the company, turned his horse into tlie street, and did not see him again for months. He was engaged in the service twenty-eight days, and did not see Vermont in six years. This incident probably turned the current of his life to- wards Brownville. He establislied the well-known foundry of Lord & Skinner, and afterwards Lord & Sons. He was also one of the most efficient men in securing and pro- moting the interests of the Watertown and Rome railroad, as well as for many years one of its directors. Two of his sons (Col. N. B. Lord and N. N. Lordj wer^ in the coun- try's service during th^ civil war; the former was efficient in organizing two regiments — the 35th Inflintry and the 20th Cavalry — for the service. Col. Lord is now, at the age of eighty-six, in the enjoy- ment of all his faculties, living ipiictly with two of his children in the family mansion at Brownville. ALANSON SKINNER came to Brownville in 1814, remained here but a .short time, then went back to New IIam]ishire. where all of his children were born. He returned to Brownville, and entered into partnership with Wm. Lord, and afterwards (1S36-37) built a foundry, and the pre.sent machine-shop in 184G, where for many years he conducted a large and successful business in the manufacture of stoves and general hardware. He was State Senator in 1850, '51. He was one of the directors of the National Union Bank, and for some years previous to his death was president of the .same. He died at his residence in Brownville, June 7, 187C, aged eighty-two. QEN. THOMAS LOO.MIS came to this country at an early day ; from Otsego county originally. He was engaged in a tannery and shoe-shop, and conducted a large business ; he also had a distillery, and later manufactured saleratus. He was a man of mark in the community where he lived, and in the county as well. He was of large, portly figure, a fine face, and an eagle eye, which, with his white hair, made him conspicuous wherever he was. One of his sons, Charles K., was for many years a resident of 15rownville. His business career as a merchant; lumber dealer, and United States marshal, made him well known throughout the country. During the last years of his life he was general freight agent for the Buffalo division of the N. Y. C. railroad, and while engaged in the duties of his position, on his way to a rail- road convention, was the victim of a railroad disa.ster at Carr's Rock. Another son, M. C, w;is engaged in business with his father for many years, and then removed to Og- densburgh, where he still resides. General Loomis was an invalid for many years, a great but patient suflFcrer, and died at his residence in Brownville, April 24, 1869, aged eighty years. From the earliest settlement of Brownville, there have been found there a greater number of men of culture and weight of character than usually falls to the lot of a vil- lage of its size. Prominent among this class of men was THOMAS S. KNAP, Those who knew Mr. Knap remember him as a man of remarkable social power. His fine ])hysical development, noble bearing, and dignified manner, with his cultured mind and rare " common sense," made him an acquisition in the social circle, and a recognized power in the connuunity. In 1829, Mr. Knap came from his home in New Berlin, New York, to take charge of the business of his brother, Tracy S. Knap, whose infirm health obliged him to relin- quish business for a time. Mr. Knap gave his attention to the manufacture of linseed oil, and for this purpose engaged the farmers in the vicinity to cultivate large crops of flax. To utilize and prepare the flax, " a long stretch of wooden troughs, about fifteen feet wide, ten feet high, and thirty 304 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. rods long (as remombered by the narrator), were arranged in what is called ' Philomel creek woods ;' these troughs were filled with the stalks of flax, divested of its seed, and water from the creek was made to flow into this trough, for the purpose of rotting the glutinous part of the plant and setting the fibre free, thus fitting it for the purposes of a neighboring rope-walk." The flax-seed was converted into linseed oil by being crushed under heavy burr-.stones, and the remaining oil-eake converted into feed for horses and cows. In addition to the manufacture of linseed oil, and by far the more important business in which he was engaged, was the manufacture of white lead and lithic paints. This oc- cupied a period of about twelve years, from 1838 to 1850. In 1851, Mr. Knap lefb Brownville for Pittsburgh, Penn- sylvania, to become associated with his brother, Charles Knap, of the Fort I'itt Iron Works. His family were prepared to follow him, when the community was startled by tlie news of his death from cholera. JOHN A. CATnC.\RT, who for many years was a prominent merchant and citizen of Brownville, came to this place in 1828, at the solicita- tion of his friend and relative, Elizur Fairman, one of the owners of the Brownville cotton factory. Mr. Cathcart was tlien living in Rochester, New York, engaged in mer- cantile business. Mr. Fairman wrote his friend urging him to come to Brownville and invest in the "cotton factory," representing that prospects for making a fortune here were flattering. Cathcart soon succeeded in disposing of his business, and a real estate interest in Rochester, which,- if retained a few years, would have made him a fortune. He came to Brownville, invested -510,000 in the " cotton fac- tory," and u.sed to say " his only return was oi\e hah of sheeting !" He afterwards commenced the sale of dry goods, groceries, etc., at this place, which he continued successfully for twenty-five years, though many of the latter years of his life an invalid. He died in 1852, leaving his business to his son, W. A. Cathcart, now of Bay City, Michigan. In many respects the village of Brownville presents su- perior advantages for manufacturing establishments, as it has direct communication by railroad with the markets, real estate is cheap, and the surrounding country aftords in abundance the means for supporting a large population. Early in thehistoryofthiscounty, the village, with its iriills and .stores and sho])s, w;ts the centre of a large trade from the surrounding country. Its business pro.'^pects attracted here men of brains and energy, men well calculated to succeed in business enterprises : Gen. Jacob Brown, Judge John Brown. Major Samuel Brown, (!en. Loomis, Asa Whitney, William S. Ely, Hoel Lawrence, William M. Lord, Daniel Lyman, Col. William Lord, Col. E. Kirby, Elizur Fairman, Major Reed, John A. Cathcart, Tracy S. anil Thomas L. Knap, John E. Brown, Joel Blood, Henry Lord ; and later Joel G. Stacey, William II. Skinner, James Shields, Col. Bradley, Arba Strong, Dr. Bates, C. K. Loomis, Dr. Ayres, F. W. Andreas. James Hunt, E. S. Sterling, G, Tillingliast and his son, James Tillingliast, who is at present general agent of the N. Y. C. railroad, and others, — men of more than average ability. The struggle for the county buildings, at the time of the organization of the county, resulting in favor of Water- town, gave it special advantages. At an early day, trade and travel were diverted from Brownville to Watertown from points south of Brownville, by the difliculty of cross- ing the " big swamp'" and climbing the ugly hills, to reach Brownville from that direction. These and other causes have resulted in disappointing those who had large expec- tations for Brownville. The population in 1877 is about four hundred and fifty. DEXTER, formerly Fish Island, one of the villages in the town of Brownville, was so named in compliment to S. Newton Dexter, of Whitesboro', who was formerly interested in the business of the place. It is situated at the head of Black River bay, and has a fine water-power, a convenient harbor, and is about one and a half miles from the station of the R., W. & 0. rail- road at Limerick. The lands in this vicinity were early pur- chased by John and Jacob Brown, who, in 1811, commenced a dam. This was swept ofl^, and another one built soon .after. A saw-mill was put in operation in 1813, a grist- mill was built by John E. Brown in 1826, and in 1837 the place contained about a dozen houses. About this time more attention was being paid to the manufacture of lumber for market, from logs floated down the river. James Wood and his sons, Gillman, Charles, and Ira, became interested in the lumber business here. Mr. Wood was originally from New Hampshire, and about 1830 began the erection of a dam and woolen-factory one and a half miles above Brownville, on Black river, which was nearly completed when it was .swept off by the spring freshet of 1833, proving a total loss. Besides Mr. Wood and his sons, the names of Keyes & Hungerford, Thurnian, Gunn & Co., John Bradley, Kirbv & Looiuis, Joseph Hunt- ington, Potter & Hammond, E. Leonard, and Henry Bin- ninger are familiarly connected with the lumber business of Dexter. In 1837 a joint stock company was formed for the purpose of laying out a village on a tract of 249 acres south, and 800 acres north, of the river. The original members of the company were Edmund Kirby, S. W. Dexter, John AVilliams, John Bradley, and J. Brown. A post-office was esUiblLshed in 1830, with Jo.shua Eaton as the first postmaster. A company was also formed the same year, to be called the " Jefferson Woolen Company," with a capital of $100,000, for the purpose of erecting and putting in operation a woolen-factory. It originally consisted of S. N. Dexter, John Williams, Edmund Kirby, John Bradley, Rodney Burt, and O. V. Brainard. The present extensive woolen-factory was accordingly built in 18.37, which, including machinery and appendages, cost $14(1,000. The original company failed, with liabilities exceeding their a-ssets by $33,000. The property has since been owned and operated by a company known as the " Jefter.son Manufacturing Conijiany," and sulLseipiently by T. H. Magee & Co., F. J. Hall & Co., and is at present undei"stood to be owned by the estate of T. H. ^Llgee. It is not now in operation. HlSTORr OF JEFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 305 The factory has manufactured at difForent periods in its history broadcloths, flannels, family blankets, and soldiers' blankets. During the late war, under the efficient manage- ment of F. J. Hall, Esq., it was run to great profit in the manufacture of blankets. The main building is of stone, 50 by 170 feet, and four stories high, beside attic and basement. A difficulty has been experienced in bringing heavy craft into the port of Dexter, on account of a troublesome sand- bar at the mouth of Black lliver bay. An extensive government appropriation w;ls expended in 183(5-37 in the construction of piers, and other appropriations have since been expended towards removing the difficulty, but with only partial relief There are a few citizens now living in Dexter who liave been residents there and identified with its interests during its entire period of growth. Among them may be named Jcs.sc Babcock, John T. Wood, Solomon Moycr, John P. Shelley, and F. W. Winn. Probably no one man has been more efficient in promoting the interests of Dexter than James A. Bell, who came to Dexter in lS3(i. He first took a small stock of goods into a room fitted up for the purpose, in a building then used for a warehouse, and now u.ists of Rev. H. M. Dodd, mod- erator ; Wm. P. Massey, George C. Plumb, Anson Potter, James H. Griswold, Ezra B. Pratt, Jlyron H. Peck, elders; Geiirge C. Plumb, W. P. Massey, James Parker, trustees. There are sixty-eight members. B.M'TIST CHURCH — PERCH RIVER. The first church organization in the town of Brownville, of which tliere is any record, is that of the Baptist church, Pi.rL-h Hiver, September 7, 1806. An ecclesiastical coun- cil was held at the house of John N. Collins, October 10, where this church was fellowshijiped by delegates from Champion, Rutland, and Adams. It at first numbered ten members, viz. : Richardson Avery, Truman Kilborn, Arad Farr, Oliver Bartholomew, Persia Towns, I.saac Cornwall, Jr., David Little, Peter Towns, Joseph Rhodes, Rhoda Rhodes. The members who sat in the council from Cham- pion church were Elder Timothy Pool, Deacon Arnold Lewis, and David Pool ; from the Rutland church, Benja- min Peck and Chandler Mattby ; from the Adams church, Timothy Heath and 3Iatthew Wilkie. The first minister presiding over this church was Elder Timothy Pool, in 1806. His successors wi^re Elders Wilkie, Joshua Morgan, Sardis Little, Ford, Guileau, D. D. Reed, Sawyer, John L. Moore, Miller, Lorenzo Rice, Abncr Webb, De Golier, D. Peck, Ira Cooley, Sy0, and at ]ire.sent a prominent farmer in l^rownville; Edwin, born September 10, 1831 ; William Eli, born April 14, 18:5(> ; Edward Everett, born October 27, 1845, and now deceased ; and Miranda Louese, born Ajiril 21, 18411, also deceased. Mrs. White, an esti- mable lady, resides near the old homestead made sacred to her by many years of joy and sorrow, and is looking for- ward with joyful hope to the time when she will again meet those of her loved ones who have pas.sed through the shadowy portals before her, and into the glorious lite beyond. Ml ,f€siD£,.CEor A\i OS OTIS ,JR, BRov^NViLuihuAR FoiNTlJcrrcff-'ion Co,N ^ 'Li.cc of ^^LTER ZIMMLHMAH,a!io,vuviLLL,N.Y. HISTORY OF JEFFKRSON COINTV, NEW YORK. 313 ALVI.V A. GIBBS. The Gibbs family are of English extraction, the original ancestor having come from England about the close of the Revolutionary War and settled near ^Vo^cester, Mass. Alvin Gibbs. father of the .subject of this sketch, lived in Green- edge, Hampshire county, M;iss. At an early day lie emi- grated to New York, settling in Otsego county ; from here he moved to the town of Ilaniniond, St. Lawrence county, where Alvin A. was born, Sept. IG, 1822. Remaining here but a short time, he removed to the township of Watertown, where he bought a farm, upon which our sub- ject spent his boyhood days. He received a good educa- tion, graduating at the Jefferson County Institute. When fourteen years of age he learned the trade of a cloth-dresser. At twenty he left his father's home and started in life for himself, and came to Brownville, where he followed his trade until he was twenty-four years of age. Having a decided t;iste for merchandising, he engaged himself as clerk to a dry-goods merchant in Brownville bj' the name of Oliver Stevens. After completing his business educa- tion he went to Janesville, Wisconsin, where he engaged in the clothing trade. Disposing of his stock and trade, he went to Manstown, where he agtiin entered the dry-goods business. In 1858 he returned to Brownville, and in company with A. S. Lord carried on a general trade for some time. Dissolving his connection with Mr. Lord, he has continued the business until the present. Mr. Gibbs luis been called to sevenil positions of trust, and has taken a proper interest in political mattei-s. A sin- cere Republican and an inveterate foe to human slavery, no man was more patriotic or more freely contributed material aid and moral support to the republic in its late struggle for life. Mr. Gibbs has been supervisor of the town of Brownville for three terms, and no better evidence is needed of his sterling worth and high social qualities than the fact that after his 6rst election no candidate was nomi- nated against him. He has been president of the village for seven years, which position he now holds, as also that of postmaster, having been the incumbent of the latter the past seventeen yeare. He is a zealous and prominent mem- ber of the Episcopal church, and the records of eternity shall tell the fruits of his labor. CAPE VINCENT. Lyme, including the territory of Cape Vincent, was erected from Brownville in 1818. Cape Vincent was cut off from tlie town of Lyme on April 10, 1849. Its name was derived from its principal village, which, in turn, had been named from Vincent, son of Le Ray De Chaumont. The old land-office of Mr. Le Ray is still standing on Broadway, nearly opposite the residence of ^Ls. Peugnet. The first town-meeting was held at the hotel of Jacob Beringer, and the following officers wore elected: Fred- erick A. Folger, supervisor ; John W. Little, town clerk ; W. H. Webb, superintendent of schools ; Jacob Beringer, Augustus Awberton, and Barne}' W. Payne, justices of the peace; E. Clement, collootur ; John IL Lawton and A. A. Gray, assessors; Buel Fuller, commissioner of high- ways ; Francis A. Cross, overseer of the poor. This town- meeting was held on May 15, 18-19. The supervisors since that date have been Robert C. Bartlett, 1850-51 ; Charles Smith, 1852; Otis P. Starkey, 1853-54; Calvin Fletcher, 1855-56; William Estes, 1857 ; Charles Smith, 1858-61 ; William D. Fuller, 1862-63; William Van Nostrand, 1864; Geo. F. Bartlett, 1865; John H. Roseboom, 1866; Geo. F. Bartlett, 1867-68 ; Henry A. House, 1869 ; Hugh Mc- Candie, 1870-71; Henry A. House, 1872. The present (1877) supervisor is Lloyd O. Woodruff, and the present town clerk Ward E. Ingalls, who have served since 1873. John Arm.strong, Horace F. Stoel, and Lorenzo Kelsey are assessors. William Estes, George Bartlett, Pjdwin Gray, and Mason B. Ladd are justices of the peace. The members of Assembly when Cape Vincent was a part of Lyme were: John B. Es.selstyn, 1822-25; Jere. Carrier (Alexandria), 1829 ; Otis P. Starkey, 1836. From the town of Cape Vincent have been, Charles Smith, 1853; Truman Fish, 1859; Albert 1). Shaw, 1867. Mr. Shaw is now United States consul at Toronto. Sheriff, Francis A. Cross, 1861-64. GRENADIER ISL.\NI). Fox, Carlton, and Grenadier islands belong to the town- ship. Owing to the uncertainty of the boundary-line be- tween the I'liited States and Canada, up to 1819 the islands of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence were not patented, although they were included in the great Macomb contract. An intorfsting negotiation concerning the purchase of Gren- adier island, and some others, is found in a letter written fmni London, under date of June 4, 1792, by Patrick Colcjuiioun to William Constable, who controlled the inter- est in the Macomb ])urchase at that time. It would seem, however, that no bargain was consummated. This was five years before any permanent settlement was made in Jeffer- son County. In 1803, Samuel English and llezekiah Bar- 314 ret petitioned the legislature of New York for the grant of Grenadier island, which they evidently supposed belonged to the State, and which they propcsed to settle within twelve months after such grant was made; but no good title could be given until the national boundary-line had been agreed upon. This was done in 1819 ; the islands were patented soon after, and by a survey made in 1823 Grenadier was put down as containing 1290 acres. John Mitchel was probably the first .settler. There is good rea- son to suppose that Basin Harbor was frequently visited by French explorers, more than a hundred years before the settlement of the county, in their journeys westward. La Salle and Count Frontenac were probably here more than one hundred and seventy-five years ago. During the ex- citements of the war of 1812 Richard M. Esselstyn sent his family around to Sacket's Harbor, and on the way the party stopped overnight at Grenadier island. This water- route was a common one from Cape Vincent to the Harbor and Watertown in those early days. But the most notice- able event connected with Grenadier island was the disas- trous expedition of General Wilkinson, who went out from Sacket's Harbor with several thousand men, late in the fall of 1813, for the ultimate purpose of capturing Montreal. It was too late in the season for an undertaking of that character. It was nearly dark of October 26 when the army pushed out upon the lake in scores upon scores of open boats, — scows, bateaux, sail-boats, and Durham boats, with their flags flying in the breeze and their military bands thrilling the air with music and enthusiasm. The surface of the water before the fleet was like a mirror, and all along the western horizon were still seen the beautiful colors of the setting sun. Both the heavy and light artillery were afloat, and all had orders to rendezvous at Grenadier island. Everything went prosperously until a little after midnight, when a stiff breeze arose, which increased in two hours to a gale. The October weather was true to itself; and the result was the comjilete wreck of the fleet and an immense loss of ammunition and supplies. It was four days before all the army that survived reached Basin Harbor. Some of the boats had been driven to Wolf island ; some to Chaumont bay ; others stood ofl' for Kingston after working out into the lake ; and the morning of the 27th revealed the shores of the islands and the mainland " strown with broken and sunken boat,s." On the way to Cape Vincent from Grenadier, Gen. Wilkinson encountered similar difficulties. He had a small fight with the Hritish near Clayton. Below Ogdensliurgh there was another valueless battle. And then what was left of the flotilla went into winter quarters on the banks of Salmon river. This was about the middle of November, and Montreal Wiis not frightened. The blun- v®T% DAVID CSHULER. MRS. DAVID CSHULER. Residence or DAVID CSHULER, Cape Vincent, J ErrERSON Co.,N.Y. IVIf^S. EDWIN &F^AY. ; ?.x 5rOA/r ISLAND, GALLOU ISLAND. FOX, ISLAHO. f(LsiaEHC£ OF EDWIN GRAY, IM of ffESIOENCL EDWIN CF^AY ViNCENT.JcmifsoN Co.. N.Y, G/f£WAD/£/? ISLAKD Shepafd Wakren. Mrs. Sh£pakd WAifREN. kfirSr^ JS^ .^. y'y.ai*^jf}^ mmmmmm Residence or SHEPARD WARREN, Cafe ViHaNT,JefF[RSONCo.,H.Y. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 315 ders were partially due to the weather, partially to military i generals, and nuieh more to whisky. General ^Yilkinson was court-martialed and removed from command. CARLTON ISLAND. Fox island is small and of no historical importance. Carl- ton is a little smaller than Grenadier, and one of the most beautiful of all the " thousand islands" in the St. Lawrence. According to some old land-titles, this territory was reserved by the State of New York in the cession to Alexander Macomb. In October. 1781), Mathew \Vatsoii and William Guil- land purchased the military county warrant which had been issued to one William Richardson, a Revolutionary scrueaiit, and lutated the riijht on this island. If however, Carlton island had become a part of Canadian territory, it was conditioned that another portion of land would be granted elsewhere. Watson soon after bought out the interest of Guilland. Only one of his children lived to in- herit the property, or, rather, only Margaret Watson came into final pos.session of it, which she disposed of to Charles Smyth. Before this sale she had married Jacob Ten Broeck. The matter of this sale and title was brought to the notice of the State legislature in 1821, when it was found that the title to the land covered by the military bounty was not good. The British held the island when Richardson sold his right, and continued to hold it till it was surrendered, at the commencement of the War of 1812. By special legislation the title was made a legal one, and on March 2, 1821, an act was passed directing a patent to be issued for the amount of land designated as the original military bounty. This was 500 acres on the west end of the island. In 1823, F. II. Ha.sler, who had charge of the coast-survey for many years, made a survey of Carlton island, and reported an area of 1274 acres. Chas. Smyth purchased the remainder in 1821, and thus became pro- prietor of the whole territory. At the time of Mr. Hasler's survey there were about thirty acres of old and highly-im- proved land, which was known as the King's Garden. This garden was on the south shore, and about halfway down. The original settlers were squatters. When Avery Smith and Abijah Lewis were here engaged in the lumber- ing business, which they commenced in 1822, the residents had become permanent, and trade was full of life. There was a post-uffico and a school, James Estes had a tavern, four dwelling-hou.ses were standing around the old chim- neys, Professor Shumway was teacher and justice of the peace, David Briggs had a shoe-shop, Abijah Lewis, James AVood, and Mr. Shaw kept stores, and sometimes ten or fif- teen lumber-vessels would be anchored in the bays. At this time the population numbered one hundred and filty or two hundred persons. The island is now divided into farms, and seven or eight families are living thereon. It is about three miles iKuthciust of Cape Vincent village, and was the first settled territory of Jefferson County. THE OLD FOHTIFICATIO.V. No spot in northern New York has excited more his- torical curiosity ihaii the head of Carlton island, on which are now seen the conspicuous ruins of an old fort. The ruins are extensive, and are found on a rocky promontory, the southwestern face of which is fifty or sixty precipitous feet above the water. Eight of the ma.ssive stone chim- neys are standing. Deep excavations in the rock, probably used for magazines or secret storage, are very noticeable. Tlie old circular well that was blasted through the rock, ten feet in diameter, and it may be sixty feet deep, always attracts attention. The fort was built on the arc of a circle, and the ditch around it is sis feet deep and about twenty- two feet wide. " The covered way is twenty-four feet wide, the scalp anil counterscarp vertical, the outer parapet four feet high, and the glacis is formed of material taki^n fnmi the diieli. The rampart within the ditch was of earth, and is very much dilapidated, — in places is entirely obliterated. . . . Bastions were so ]ilaeed as to command the various approaches very effectually." Pieces of wrecked vessels arc distinguished, on a still day, at the bottom of the river. There is a sunken dock on the west side, and .some little distance in the rear are the broken and almost obliterated graves of the soldiers' ceme- tery. When Charles Smyth obtained possession of the island many of the burial-places were still marked by carved oaken pieces of wood, but when Dr. Hough published his " History of Jefferson County," 1854, he found only one grave that was indicated by a head-stone ; on it was the following in- scription : "J. Farrar, D. 23 Fy, 1792." This has since been destroyed. Many curious military buttons, axe-heads, balls, belt-buckles, coins, and the like, have been picked up and preserved as relics. The oldest coin ever found was dated 109G. In July, IG'.Hi, Count Frontenae, when on his way to tight the Jroijiiois, encamped a .short time on this territory. Carlton island was then called Isle aux Cheo- miilx ; another French or Indian name, according to an old map in Yale College library, was Ciilttltiiiiomige. Who built the fort is a question that has not yet been fully answered. After much research, the conclusion has been reached that a fort w;is commenced by the French, and .sub- sequently enlarged and made formidable by the English. Could the military records of the French and Indian War of ] 7")G-C(I, and the military records of the English during the Revolutionary War, be examined, the mysterious origin of old Fort Carlton might be solved. It could hardly have been a point of much military importance previous to the French and Indian War, for a French officer (Pouchot), who kept a diary of all that he saw and did along the shores of Lake Ontario and the St. Lawrence, docs not mention any military defenses on the site of the old ruins. If a fort was commenced by the French, it was commenced very soon afl«r the visits of this military officer. It appears from some old Paris papers, still preserved in the docu- mentary history of New York, that the governor of Canada, in 1758, had a plan in mind to build a fort at the head of this river, which had been left unprotected by the destruc- tion of Fort Frontenae. Fort Frontenae was destroyed by Colonel Bradstreet in August, 1758, and in November of the same year ihe governor had this plan of a new work on paper. The fort was to have magazines and barracks ; cer- tain shipwrights, whose names were given, were to be sent 310 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. up the river from Quebec ; supplies for those engaged in the work were to be obtained at Ogdensburgh ; and the ne- cessity for some fortification at the outlet of Lake Ontario was so uri^ently pressed that there is good reason to believe the first fort was commenced not far from 1759. This is a fair deduction, unless Frontenau stood on Carlton island, which is scarcely probable. If commenced by the French, • it could not have been later than 1763, because the Do- minion of Canada passed over to Great Britain on May 10, 17C3, by the treaty of Paris. Fort Carlton wa.^ certainly occupied a hundred years ago. A Canadian author makes this statement : " It (Carlton island) was a military and naval station during the American rebellion, at which governnient vessels were built for navi- gating the lake, and possessed fortifications. Its name is derived from tjuy Carlton, Esq."* The building of ships indicates a post of much im- portance; and the origin of the old chimneys, the deep moat out through the solid rock on the land side, the huge well, and other elaborate ruins now visible, will very likely be traced to the military records of the English, as indicated by the foregoing facts. In 1790, Fort Carlton was defended by a small British guard and sis pieces of cannon. In 1812, as soon as the news reached Cape Vincent that a second war had been declared against Great Britain by the Amer- ican Congress, Abnor Hubbard, an old Revolutionary soldier, living at Millen's Bay, authorized himself and several of his neighbors to capture the post. They crcssed over the river in the night, and demanded its surrender. Two women and three invalid men surrendered. The following day the fort was destroyed and the prisoners taken to Sacket's Harbor. In a letter received frotu Fiaiieis Parkman, the his- toriiin, regarding the (juestion whether Fort Froutenac was or was not situated on the Carlton island promontory, he says : "There are several French maps, both manuscript and printed, in which Fort Frontenac is laid down, and several plans of it nt differ- ent periods, from that of De Nouville, in 1685, to that made during the war of 175j. Many of these maps arc in my possession. I have also the title-deeds of neighboring lands, and of the place itself, in La Salle's time."|" "The impression that the fort on Carllon isLand dates back loO years is certainly erroneous. There could not have been a fortitiea- tion here of any consequence before the old French war. Even then I know of no mention of this or neighboring i.slands as occupied for military purposes, except in one instance, when a guard of twelve men is reported to have been stationed here. They were sent from Fort Frontenac. The remarkable works of which the remains are DOW 80 conspicuous must have been of a later dale and of British origin, probably early in the Revolutionary War." TIBBITTS POINT. Tibbitts point, at the head of the St. Lawrence, took its name from Captain John Tibbilt, of Troy, who received a patent for 600 acres of land, and which wtis surveyed in 1799. The first light-house and dwelling were built in * lie subsequently became Lord Dorchester. t Fort Frontenac was built in IfiT.'i. Nut long after it was given to La Salle by the king of France as a reward for his explorations and valor, together with a specified amount of land, abmit twelve miles lung on the shore ami one and a half miles deep, besides the adjacent islands. 1827. The second tower, which is now standing, was erected in 1854, and stuccoed on the outside in 1870. Supplies are furnished annually. The visibility of the light, by means of tlie Fresnel lens, is fifteen nautical miles, although the flame, in very clear weather, may be seen full thirty miles. The lamp burns about nine months in the year ; and the number of vessels that have have passed that point during the past five years has averaged a little less than thirteen hundred for each season of naviga- tion. It may be said, also, that the three acres of land at- tached to the house and tower belong to the United States, as well as the light-house, although the State of New York has reserved the rights of criminal and civil jurisdiction therein. A, J, Cratseuberg is the present keeper, THE SETTLEMENT OP TUE TOWN PROPEll. The man who built the first log house in Cape Vincent on the mainland was Abijah Putnam ; and it stood about two miles below the railroad depot. This was in 1801, Some traces of the old site of the village which he founded and named Port Putnam are still visible. In 1804, Mr. Put- nam sold his property to John Macombs and Peter Stern- berg, from central New Y'^ork, who made improvements immediately, and drew the plan for a prosperous town. One of the original maps of Port Putnam, now in the posses- sion of Mr. William Esseltyn, indicates that it was to be in the form of a parallelogram, with a public square of five or six acres, and public buildings standing on the upper side of it, facing the water. As a matter of curiosity, the names of the streets may be given. Parallel with the river were Water .street. First, Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh streets. Pleasant street was also laid down on two sides of the square. Intersecting these at right angles were Green, Montgomery, Herkimer, Washington, Jefferson, Clinton, and Hancock. The chief business of that day is maile known by what Messrs. Macombs and Sternberg said of the advantages of Port Putnam over other towns in this new region. To vary the language of the map a little they stated : ** That since it is the outlet of Lake Ontario it forms a natural place of deposit for the lake trade. Lumber of all kinds is rafted from this village on a large scale to Montreal and Quebec, and it takes only from nine to thirteen days to make a trip. Besides, the Great Black river State road from Johnstown, Montgomery county, receiving in its course the roails from Little Falls, Herkimer, Utica, and Rome, runs through the middle of this village, and connects with Kingstown and Upper Canada by ferry," This site was subsequently abandoned through the in- fluence of Mr, Lc Ray, who caused a piece of ground to be surveyed, in 1811, on Gravelly Point, whore stood five or six houses, and named it Cape Vincent, after one of his ,sons. Milieu's Bay was then known as Hubbard's Bay, Clayton was called French Creek ; Depauville, Cat Fish Falls ; Dexter, Fish Island ; and Carthage, Long Falls. The original survey of Cape Vincent, however, was not fol- lowed when it was incorporated. THE 0K1GIN.\L SETTLERS. The settlers at Port Putnam and down the river from that ]Miint, previous to the war of 1812, are believed to have been the persons already named, — Putnam, Macombs, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 317 and Sternberg ; Jonathan Cnmniinirs, Daniel Spinninar, Pjlnatlian Judd, Norman Wadwordi, Joliti H. Esselstyn, who came in 1803, and was prominent in the town for many years ; Eddy Cole ; Caleb Lobdell, Avery .Smith, and atiother family of the same name ; Mr. Pliclps, William Hollenbeck, Charles Gillett, Orison and Zimri Butterfield, Daniel Nieol, Abner Hubbard, — who never tried to tell as good a story as Barret Hubbard, — Samuel Brittain, and a Mr. Dodd. As late as 1815 only seven houses could be found on the site of Cape Vincent village, and for many years the forest was left unbroken from a point just below the corner of William street to Port Putnam. The settlers generally came in by the State road, and only a single cabin was built on the route between Chauraont and the St. Law- rence river for at least fifteen years. Sometimes, when the road was bad, it would take thirteen or fourteen hours to make the journey. Often it was impa.ssable. This log cabin was occupied by Jlr. Soper and his family, and was a very Interpreter's house to the pilgrims coming into the new country. In 1815 a most beautiful grove of eighteen or twenty elm-trees was growing on the beach at the foot of Point street, just beyond the euphonious " Toad Hole." All that beach has since been washed away. On the lot now owned by Mr. John Grapotte, and also on the lot of Mrs. Pool, were two famous deer-licks. The crack of many a hunter's rifle was heard in the vicinity of the.se licks sixty-five years ago. In connection with the names of the first settlers, the names of those on the site of Cape Vin- cent village should bo given. They were : Holieb Phelps, Richard M. Esselstyn, John Mathews, Uncle Nash, Eber Kelsey, Dr. Ainsworth, of Vermont, Nathan Lake, and one Proven, whose other name cannot be recalled. These were here in 1812. Elnathan Judd came to the town in 1809, and settled on the farm where his son Pliiletus, a man above si.xty years of age, is still living. Richard M. Esselstyn came to Chau- mont, as a surveyor, in 1801. The next year he returned to Clavcroek, his birthplace, and in 1806 came back to the county and settled with his brother, John B., on a farm below Port Putnam. He was county clerk during the war of 1812. He died of yellow fever at Utiea, October 2, 1822, greatly lamented. Dr. Ainsworth was the first physician who settled in this part of the county. Eber Kelsey came from Leyden in 1809, and, with the aid of about twenty men, cleared a tract of fifty acres of land on the site of the present village; built a house, barn, tavern, and wharf, and became him,self a permanent resident. John B. Esselstyn was one of the very first pioneer settlers who spent his ilays and strength for the good of the town, and died upon the soil. Ho settled on Cape Vincent territory in 1803. Six years later he formed a partnership with his brother, Richard M., who built a store and commenced trade. He lived to a good old age, and his memory will long be cherished. In other parts of the town, about 1820, and before this date, might have been found ^lichael Van Schaick, John Vincent, Willard Amsworth, Joseph Cross, Dr. Sacket, Dr. Brewster, Benjamin Estes, Captain Caton, and Captain Merritt. Captain Meriitt sailed the schooner " Appollonia" from this port; and on her last voyage she was struck by lightning about thirty miles off Mexico bay. She sunk so quickly that the crew had barely time to get out the small boat and escape. The first large schooner built at Cape Vincent was the " MerchaTit," the iron-work being done by Samuel and John Forsyth. This schooner made a trip to the head of Lake Ontario and back in three days, with a cargo. Besides the names already given were Ira Iladley, James Borland, Ab- ner Rogers, James Buckley, Oliver Pool, Jacob Bedford, Philip and Abner Gage, Fuller, Green, Hassler, Converse, Pigsley, Holman, Marshall, Van Ilusen, Hoff, — but time would fail in an attempt to mention the host of enterpris- ing men who made Cape Vincent the field of their achieve- ments. Many of these persons mentioned were farmers ; and it is the fanning class of the community, whose names are .seldom seen or heard, from which the world gets its living. Stop raising wheat and making butter, and what would become of the professions or histories? THE FRENCH SETTLEMENT. This portion of the town, now occupied chiefly by French and German resident.s, was originally settled by Americans, of whom the names of Jacob Van Nostrand, Aaron Whit- comb, Samuel F. Mills, Phineas and Asahel Powers, and Thomas Shaw are mentioned. Thomas Shaw came from New Jersey, and on his way was oflered a plat of ground within the present upper limits of New York city, for $100 per acre. He thought he could do better in Jefferson County, and did not purchase. He always kept his stock till it died, never .selling or killing an animal for forty years. Through the influence of Mr. Le Ray a colony came from France, and gave the name to the settlement. After the French a company of (Jermans appeared and made themselves neighbors. The American families gradually sold out their farms to the Frenchmen or Germans, although the greater part of the immigrants took up new land and hewed out their own fortunes. The colonies were both Roman Catholic in faith, and for many years the preaching and religious services were conducted in both languages ; the Worship was in the same building. Several of the old people are still unable to speak or understand much of the English tongue. DISTINGUISHED FRENCH FAMILIES. About 1818 a number of educated French people came to Cape Vincent, having been involved in the reverses of Napoleon the First, in consequence of which they found it necessary to flee from their native land. They had no connection with the French colony. Among those who.se names are now remembered by the old inhabitants were Peter Francis Real and his son-in-law, General Rolland, Camille Arnaund, Jermaus, and Pigeon. Peter Real was a count, and the chief of police under Na- poleon. Pigeon was a secretary of Count Real while here, and an cntliusiastic student in astronomy. Some of the finest instruments of that age of science were brought to Cape Vincent from France, and the boy who was privileged to visit the upper room in Count Real's house where these instruments, as well as others, were kept, gazed in perfect wonder at the display. The count lived about two years in a hired house, and then built at the head of Gouvello 318 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. street what was currently known as the " cup and saucer" dwelling, because it resembled those two articles of sewing- societj' comfort. It should not be inferred, however, that it was made for sewing-society purposes. On the other hand, there is every reiJSon to believe that a plan was laid by the.sc French residents to spirit Napoleon away from St. Helena and bring him to Capo Vincent, with the cup and saucer house for a home. But Napoleon died in 1821, and for this reason, or some other good one, the town just escaped a world-wide notoriety. The astronomical instru- ments were taken back to France when these exiles returned, after the death of the great chief Mr. Louis Peugnet was also an officer in Napoleon's army. Pigeon never wore anything on his head while in Cape Vincent, summer or winter, because he had made a vow to that effect, to last so long as Napoleon was held a prisoner on his lonely island. And yet a story is told of him, that, while once watching the boys as they were merrily skating on the river, he be- came very desirous of learning the art. But the falls and the bumps! To avoid any unnecessary collision after the skates were strapped on, he tied a cushion over his head and a pillow just below the middle of his body behind, and went out among the buys for his first skating. How he succeeded tradition does not inform us. WARRKN SETTLEMENT. Warren Settlement was a wilderness in 1825, when Shepherd Warren and his brothers James and Asa began a clearing. Very soon they were joined by Edwin Tuttle, and the place was often known as the Tuttle and Warner neighborhood. William Johnson was also one of the first .settlers. Johnson took the place of one Wheeler. When Joel Torrey moved into the settlement, in 1831, there were only four families, and no laid-out road, except one used by the lumbermen. At this date nearly all the white-oak had been cut, and between 1832 and 1834 Joel Torrey, James and Christopher Irving took out the pine. The Irvings were thus early settlers. Of the original pioneers only Rodolphus Cook, Ira Stewart, and Shepherd Warren are left in the present school district of that neigh- borhood. John Howard came in 1832 ; after him, John F. Terry, Charles Linnell, Simeon Adams, Samuel Linnell, Thomas Tarboll, Harry Kilbourn, and Uufu> Linnell. On the 18th of June, 1843, was formed the Union Burial-Ground Society. The trustees were Levi Torry, Daniel Cromwell, Erastus Warren, Samuel Linnell, Jr., J. A. Williams, and Abram Whitconib. Levi Torry was made president, and Dr. Dyer E. Pierce is now in that office. The first school-hou.se was built in 1833, of hewn pine logs, and stood on the west corner of the road, o|iposite the present building. The first teacher was Phebe Lightle. TUE SETTLEMENT OK ST. LAWRENCE. The St. Lawrence region was occupied still later than 1825, when Stephen Johnson came from Depauville and opened the fii^st store. Forly-five years ago there were not half a dozen cabins where the village of St. Lawrence now stands. A Miss Lawrence, of New York, owned a large tract of territory in this neighborhood, and when the post- office was established, in 1848, Lawrenceville was sent on to Washington as an appropriate name. It was given in remembrance of this lady. But it was found that another office in the State bore the same title, and the Post-Office Department therefore changed Lawrenceville to St. Law- rence, which the inhabitants allowed to remain. The vil- lage was called St. Oars' Corners at first, then Rogers' Corners, because James Rogers built the first tavern, after- wards Gotham Corners, and, finally, Crane's Corners, till the establishment of the mail-route. The following persons were among the early settlers: Lewis St. Oars, M. (lardi- nier, Hiram Biitton, John Potter, John Minard, Jacob St. Oars, Silas Mosier, Eli Wethey, Horatio Humphrey, Ham- ilton C. Wallace, Samuel Dillen, Jerome Wethey, Daniel Corse, Charles Cummins, Dyer Pierce, Curtis, Wheeler, Campbell, and Carpenter. TIIK FIRST GRISTMILL. A flour- and grain-mill was of prime consequence to the settlers, and one of the first things looked after. John B. Esselstyn once carried a bushel of corn on his back to Chaumont, had it ground, and brought the meal home in the same manner. This was not an uncommon feat when the road would not permit a trip with a horse. The first mill in Cape Vincent was built on Kent's Creek. Nego- tiations were begun for a site as early as 1803. In a letter written to Mr. R. M. Esselstyn by Mr. Le Ray, he was oflfcred a " mill-seat and twenty-five acres" of land at four dollars per acre, unless during the year of erecting the mill a town should spring up around it, when, added Le Ray, I should feel '■ at liberty to break the pre.sent bargain." A mill was not built so early as this year or the next. The Esselstyn brothers and Henry Ainsworth were the only merchants here for many of the first years. Goods brought from New York in a month, so late as 1820, made a quick passage. Sometimes Mr. Esselstyn would go in a lumber- wagon to Hudson, his wife accompanying him, and bring home such mereliandisc as had been tran.sported for him to that point on a sloop from the metropolis. During one of these overland trips he carried a heavy bag of specie under some straw on the bottom of his wagon. Wlienever he stopped for the night he would carelessly throw his harness over the straw and bag, — either to disarm suspicion or else to teach our generation that the former times were better than these. On another occasion he wmte home of his splendid ride on the ''Clermont," of Rolieit Fulton (140 feet keel and IG] feet beam), the first steam-])acket that ever made a successful trip in the universe. This boat, wrote Mr. Esselstyn, with entlm.siasm, ran at the nuuveldus speed of four miles an hour directly against the wind. And it wax marvelous in contrast with those triiis by the Hudson liver sloops, when pa.ssengers spent a whole day walking along the shore and picking berries to while away the time till the wind w;is favorable. THE SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND. War w;is declared on the 18th of June, 1812. On the 20th of the same month General Jacob Brown wrote Gov- ernor Tompkins that in his opinion a "strong detachment should at once be sent on to Cape Vincent," in order to keep Kingston, which was well fortified, and a point from HISTORY OF JEFFKHSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 319 which military expeditions would be sent out by the British, " in as much alarm as possible.'' In less than tliree weeks after the declaration of the war a detachment of troops from this county, and a cotisiderable force under Colonel Bellinger, were on the ground. John B. Essel- styn, wlio afterwards became colonel, was in command of the militia. Drafted militia, some from the Mohawk valley, were stationed at Cape Vincent, and also a body of riflemen be- longing to the comjjany of Captain Benjamin Forsyth. Besides thc-^e, it will be seen, from a statement made on another page, that a detachment of light artillery and dra- goons were among the defenders of this frontier. During the winter of 1812-13 a line of sentinels was established along this shore and on the ice, fourteen miles in length. At this time one Corporal Dean went over to Wolfe island, fell in love with a yiuing lady by the name of Button, and, like a brave .soldier, laid siege to her heart and captured it. Button bay was called after her father. On a still night, not long after the .surrender of the fair prisoner, a soldier of this line of sentinels called out in loud tones, " Button, button, who has got the button 'r"" His comrade next be- yond evidently knew, for ho rejilied in the same loud voice, " Corporal Dean." And then for the whole sentry stretch of ten miles, four above Cape Vincent and six below, the Words were Ciiught up by the soldiers, till the air fairly rang with reverberations of buttons, Deans, and corporals. The soldiers' barracks stood, one building on the corner of James street and Broadway, and the other at the foot of James street. A building, now used for a school-house, on Murray street, was occupied as a hospital. The barracks, a store belonging to Henry Aiusworth, another store of J. B. and R. M. Esselstyn, two or three small vessels that had been built here, the house of Major Esselstyn, which stood below Port Putnam, several barns, and considerable lumber, were burned by the enemy at diflFercnt times during the war. The house and barns of Dr. Avery Ainsworlh, in Pleasant Valley, were akso fired and destroyed by the Indians. Gen. Wilkinson's army, as well as the troops encamped here, burned a large quantity of staves belonging to the Essel- styns, to cook their messes and keep themselves warm. For this loss of property Congress seems to have granted only partial remuneration. In a letter dated January 21, 1821, Mr. 11. M. Esselstyn complained to Congress, through the Hon. W. D. Ford, that the lo.sscs should be met, inas- much as they could not have been averted by him at the time. He added : " I think 1 have proved to a demonstra- tion (^and if I have not I can ) in the case of John B. and R. M. Esselstyn, for losses sustained in the burning of our warehouse and the property we had in it," that the destruc- tion w;is caused by the enemy while the jilacc Wiis " in the military occupancy of the government." The unsettled claim amounted to SG30.25. Other persons also made application of a similar character. During the summer of 1813, Mr. Eber Kel.sey went to Al- bany to look after payment for " services done and supplies furnished" our soldiers. Governor Tompkins was not at the capital when this visit was made, and Sir. Kelsey left a paper for him, setting forth his claims. Among the items specified is one '" for the use of the schooner ' Neptune' thirty-one days" in the transportation of troops and muni- tions of war. He stated in this paper that General Brown allowed him only two dollars per day for the services of the schooner, and he thought it ought to be increased to three dollars. In closing he reminded the governor that the schooner was the one in which " your Excellency sailed from Sacket's Harbor to Oswego, last fall," — the fall of 181 2. There is another item for " furnishing hay and other neces- saries to a detachment of light artillery," as appeared from a certificate of Captain Siger and Lieut. Johnson, and or- dered ])aid by Col. Jlacomb. According to Captain Jlead's certilieate there is also a claim •' for damage done by a de- tachment of light dragoons," to the amount of" S71.00, as apjirised by John B. Esselstyn, Esq., Elnathan Judd, Esq., and Mr. John Nash." The plundering and burning of the warehouses referred to was done on the sly by British gnn-boats ; and these war- boat.s were frequently seer) pa.ssing up and down the river in front of the village. Marauding parties, however, some- times came to grief, as the following incident illu.strates: Just at daylight, one morning, a gun-boat came up the'river and stopped at the foot of James street, when the crew and soldiers leaped ashore and hurried into the nearest garden, where they began to plunder the small fruit and vegetables. But the boat had been seen through the gray light of the coming day, by a body of Forsyth's riflemen, as it passed Port Putnam. Suspecting that the British might land, the sharpshooters followed along the shore, through the woods, and reached the garden but a few moments later. They immediately attacked them, and a skirmish ensued which resulted in the cajiture of all the party except three or four. Several were wounded and three were killed, as the matter is now remembered by one who was living here at that time. The {)risoners were sent to Greenbush, on the Hudson river, and the dead buried at the corner of Broadway and Murray streets. It may be remarked that only two American soldiers were killed at Cape Vincent, or near it, during the progress of this war of 1812. One was a man by the name of Draper, who went over to Wolf island with a number of volunteers from among the soldiers, to rout a party of Indians who were there watching for opportu- nities of theft and scalping. The raid was poorly managed, and Draper was left on the field, having been shot by the enemy when carelessly exposing himself Some of the vol- unteers received trifling wounds. The other soldier was accidentally shot by a comrade, who pointed and snapped a gun at him, supposing it to be unloaded. The dead man was buried some distance back in the forest, and until a re- cent period these words might have been seen, cut in the bark of a beech-tree, to designate the spot near which he lay : " A. Cutler shot by J. Weaver." The burial-ground of the woods, where all the American soldiers who died of disease were likewise buried, was in the rear of the M. E. church, and perhaps half-way to William street. The '■ Royal George," a British war-ship of 24 guns, once stopped at Cape Vincent, but withdrew without making any demonstration. On the 23d of August, 1813, Major Es- selstyn was taken prisoner on the State road, near Chaumont, while escorting several relatives and friends to a place of .safety. He was removed to Canada, held about two weeks, 320 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. and then exchanged for a British ofiScer of equal rank. The British fleet which attacked Saoket's Harbor on the 29th of May, 1813, was fitted out at Kingston, and on its way to the harbor captured a boat, loaded with flour, from Cape Vincent. It will thus be seen that this town was a point of much interest during the period which we arc con- sidering, althougli no battles or other great events occurred to draw the attention of the country at large to it. This portion of the history should not be concluded without recording a most thrilling tragedy which happened in a private dwelling that stoou near the corner of Broad- way and Esselstyn streets. It appears that a British sol- dier had left his Majesty's service and taken his sword in behalf of the United States. His name was Moore. Some time during the month of Jlay, 1813, a troop of British soldiers, having learned that Jloore was at Cape Vincent, in command of a small body of American soldiers, sur- rounded the house where he was stopping, and demanded that he should go back to Canada with them. They waited a little time on the outside and ordered him out of the house. He refused to come. Then several British sol- diers went into the room where he had placed himself, but Moore drew his sword and would not be taken. Stepping into a corner, he asked for only a fair fight, — his sword- blade against their bayonets. His comrades had fled up- stairs ; and, single-handed, he actually kept every one of them at bay till the order was given to shoot him down. It was a cowardly act, and he lived long enough to call those up-stairs, as well as his assailants, cowards. The bullet, which passed through his body and bedded itself in the ceiling, was found a few years ago when the house was taken down. THE " patriot" excitement. This topic is treated elsewhere, and it need only be said that no person at the present hour attempts to justify the patriot movement of 1838. After the United States, as well as the State authorities, had pronounced strongly against any action on American soil in aid of the Canadians, whoever sympathized with the cause ought not to have used the protection of the stars and stripes to secretly assist it. The sympathizers should have gone into the Dominion, and not have stolen arms and held secret meetings here. Many who read these words will remember the hunter-lodges, the mysterious lan- guage of signs among members of the lodges, the discus- sions that were in the night air about attacking Kingston, the robbery of the Watertown arsenal, the burning of the " Sir Robert Peel" near Wells i.sland, the memorable trip of the " United States" across the lake and down this river, when the patriots gathered at Windmill Point and the delusion came to a quick and disjistrous end. the great rebellion. During the civil war the State of New York placed 426,(100 men in the army and navy. Cape Vincent eon- tributorts is made in the ((uarterly report which was drawn up just before the running of the regular trains. The next report had the item of exports set down at S20,000. There are forty-five vessels owned in the district of Cape Vincent, of which thirty-one are sail vessels and fourteen steam. The tonnage of the former is 4538 and of the latter 598. The number of vessels entered and cleared is about a thou- sand a year. The exports of American manuf.icturcs through the district of Cape Vincent for the last ten years have been about §550,000 annually, of which §250,000 are exports in bond. The imports for the .same time have been about $500,000 annually. The imports in the fur trade were SI 12,000, and of fresh fish from Canada were 700,000 pounds for the year 1875. The col- lections for duties on imports, since 18G0, have averaged §100,000 annually. The ports of the Cape Vincent dis- trict, subordinate to Cape Vincent, are Alexandria Bay, Clayton, Milieu's Bay, Three-Milc Bay, Chaumont, Dexter, Sacket's Harbor, Henderson, and Sandy Creek. The col- lectors of the district have been : John B. Esselstyn, 1818- 29; Jere. Carrier, 1829-11 ; JudahT. Ainsworth, 1841-43; Peleg Burchard, 1843-49 ; G. S. Sackctt, 1849-53 ; Alfred Fox, 1853-57; Theophilus Peugnet, 1857-61 ; John W. Ingalls, 18G1-G5 ; William Huntington, acting collector for a few months ; John B. Carj)enter, 1866-67 ; David Owen, 1867-71. The present oflScers are Sidney Cooper, collector, 1871 ; Charles Gardner, special collector; Charles Burnham, deputy ; William Grant, N. W. Warren, and N. R. Starkey, inspectors. Peleg Burchard was county cli'rk I'or twelve years before his appointment as collector. He died at Cape Vincent, February 2, 1851, of bronchial disease, aged sixty- one years. THE BUSINESS OP CAPE VINCENT has been largely of a commercial character. Lumbering was an important feature in 1809, and during 1810 two hundred thousand staves were imjiorted from Genesee and Niagara counties. Square timber was also an important article of trade, and arJcs were built for the Montreal mar- ket. The Esselstyns and Murray were prominent in the lumber trade until it was broken up by the war of 1812. From 1820 to 1825 it was revived at Carlton island, and rafts were numerous. In this connection may be added a list of the vessels built in the town, so far as they could be obtained. The list is believed to be correct. The first one was completed in 1819. The names of the first masters are given in italics : Schooners: Henry, Juhii Davis; V. Le Raj-, do.; La- fayette, Masliii ; Ainsworth, J. Belisle ; Hannah, Peter IngiiUs ; 0. P. Starkey, do.; L. Golcr, Lncaa ; Victor, RSphij ; Free Trade, Sluillitck ; Chief Justice Marshall, Julie; brig. Merchant, T. Phmtl ; schooners, Henry Crevoliu, Be? isle. ; John E. Hunt, P. Jiigolls ; Napoleon, Crouch; Merchant,./. Harris; Amelia, Sliattiiclc; Ros- coe, do. ; Potomac, do. ; brig, Iowa ; sloop, Elizabeth Golcr, Cammiiujs; brig, Patrick Henry, W. E. Intjalls ; schooner, Montezuma, Smith; Troy; Allanwick ; Globe, Gnlcr ; propeller, St. Nicholas, Littz; schooners, Chas. Smith, W. E. Ingalls; Algomah, lie id ; Silas Wright, Fidler ; Port Henry, J. Jarvis; T. II. Camp, steamer (1876), Waller Iforloii. mV£RSiD£ HOTEL, F.H. DODGE, Fropriitor . PLIASANT RESOKT roH PART I LS , HUHTI NG Off HSHING ON THE S'LAWfffVCE RIVEH. BOATS. OARSMEN , HSHINO TACKLC ALWAYS ON HAND ALSO A ORIVINO PAflK ■//ITHr HILL TRACK ON THE C-ffOUNO "UlLLENS Day"t0WN OrCAfE VINCENT, J CrrCRSON CO.,N.Y. RES, or ALrRED J. HUMPHREY. CUn VINCENT.JEFFERSOU CO.S Y Fiis. or F.M.R0GE.FS,CAPLViNC£N7,jLnfHijN Co ;V ) HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 323 Tlic lumber and timber now brought to this port are chiefly from points on tiic bay of Quinto and iho Hideau canal. The railroad business has not fallen below SSO.OOO per year for the last ten years, and has run over a hundred thousand in some instances. Until the present " hard times," an iron-ore train ran into Cape Vincent every day. Canadian goods are shipped from this point, by rail, direct for Europe. The railroad agents have been C. W. Rogers, J. S. Nieols, F. W. Deraing, Sidney Biekford, C. C. Case, K. N. Moore, Sclh Diekin.son, and J. W. Brown. Richard Wall has been in the freight-house since the completion of the railroad. The present agent is William M. Johnson, who entered upon his duties October 24, 1872. Alvin Hall has been ticket agent since 1868. On this branch of the road Casey Eldred has been engineer since 1857, and Christy DeLaney since 18GS. Thomas Cooper has been conductor for fourteen years; and the three last-named men have been connected with the road in some capacity from the beginning of it. John MeCanley is al.so con- ductor, which position he has hold six or eight years. The passenger trains the present summer season (1876) leave Cape Vincent depot at 9:50 A.M., 4:00 and 5:45 p.m., and arrive at I):23 a.m., 3:00. 5:00, and 0:15 I'.M. A palace- car runs through to Niagara Falls without change. The telegraph business, for the last ten years, has aver- aged from three to four thousand dollars per year. The express business has averaged §25,011(1 for ten years past ; and last year it reached §35,000. The propellers of the Northern Transit Company, running from Ogdensburgh to Chicago, have secured a business of §19,000 or more, each year, for the same length of time. At the present time, more than 800,000 pounds of fresh fish are annually shipped from Cape Vincent to different parts of the State. About two hundred men and about seventy-five boats are employed in collecting and .shipping the fi.sh. The elevator of E. K. Burnham, which was built in 1804, after the burning of the railroad elevator, is doing a good business. It has a capacity of two hundred thou- sand bushels. In carrying on this grain trade, two fine schooners — the "L.S. Ilamnioml" and the " Polly Rogers" — are employed. The former is commanded by Richard Saundere, and the latter by Joseph Saunders. The mer- cantile business has been, and is now, more than ordinary; there was an extensive stove and iron foundry for many years; there have been and are now lumber yards, flour-, shingle-, and plaiiing-mills ; while some of the best farms in Jeflerson County have been made by draining the low- lands. A BANKING BlJ.siNESS Was Carried on for many years by Otis P. Starkey, who was succeeded by L. S. Hammond. The town has been without a bank since the panic of 1873. A TOWN Agkiccltulial Society was formed in the spring of 1850, which flourished for several years. Its rules allowed persons living in Clayton, Lyme, and Wolf island to compete for premiums. The first telegraph line to Cape Vincent was built in lS5(i, and the money was chiefly raised in this town by subscription. It wa.s snon after abandoned. Mr. Jo.seph Owen built anothor line in 1SG4, assisted very materially by A. F. Smitli. Tliis'WMS snid to the I'rovineial Telegraph Company in July, 1865, and became a part of their line to Oswego and Canada. The Montreal company bought out the Provincial company in March, 18G7, which has con- tinued unchanged till the present year. C. C. Brown is the present manager, and has been in the o£Bce since 1872. The Dominion Telegraph Coinjiaiiy opeiu'd an office in this village October 9, 1872. Sidney Block, operator. NEWSI'APKIIS. The Cape Vincent Gazelle was started by Paul A. Ijcach, and the first number was dated May 8, 1858. It was suc- ceeded by the Fmiilier Pulriot, Jlay 10, 1862. with P. H. Keenan editor and proprietor. Mr. Keenan entered the army in 1862, when the name of Robert Mitchel appeared as editor, and P. II. Keenan as proprietor. In the fall of 1862, Mitchel ab.sented himself to buy a new stock of paper, and has not 3'et returned. The Cape Vincent Euyle appeared on the ISth of April, 1872, established by Ames and Hart. Hart soon after .sold out to his partner, who continued its publication till the spring of 1877, when Mr. Ames disposed of the paper to Charles Wood, who is the present editor and proprietor. THE CAPE VINCENT AND ROME RAILROAD. The history of the turnpikes and railroad interests of the county is fully given in special chapters, but a brief state- ment here seems to be in place respecting this town. The first thoroughfare was the State road, which was completed from Biownville to Port Putnam in 1803. The turnpike was made several years later; and in 1832 a Black River company was organized, with legal authority to build either a canal railroad from Rome to Cape Vincent, Saeket's Har- bor, or Ogdensburgh. But this company did not exist very long. In 1836 another act of the legislature granted the right of constructing the Rome and Cape Vincent railroad, which likewise failed after a few months of struggle. Nine years later the matter was again agitated, with more capital within reach, more meetings in Kingston, Cape Vincent, and Watcrtown, and in 1848 work was commenced at Rome, and the last rail laid to the shore of the St. Law- rence in the spring of 1852. The first train appeared in April of that year amid great rejoicing and hearty cheers. Regular trains began to run in the following Jlay. The Rome, Watertown and Ogden.sburgh company, which also controls the Lake Ontario Shore road to Niagara river, now owning and successfully managitig the route, have 3000 feet of wharfage on the front of the village. The freight-house is 600 feet long, and the passenger depot, including the hotel, is 200 by 50 feet. No cars arc run on the Sabbath, and no accidents of any moment have ever occurred. The financial embarrassment of the times does not affect the successful management of the entire line, although it may have an effect upon the pockets of the stockholders. Twenty-two years ago five propellers connected the Cape Vincent and Rome railroad with the Michigan Central at Detroit, by mciins of which immense quantities of freight were transported to and from this port. The magnificent Ontario steamers " Bay State" and " New York" touched here every day in their trij) between Ogdensburgh and Lew- istown ; and the firry line to Kingston brought the town 324 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. into direct communication with another steamboat route, wliich extended to all the principal landings on the Cana- dian side of the lake. TEMPERANCE ORGANIZATIONS. Public meetings in behalf of temperance were held long before there was a formal organization. In 1849 or 1850 the Sons of Temperance established two divisions, — one at St. Lawrence, called the Pine Grove, No. 280, and another at Cape Vincent, called the Meridian Star, No. 546. The first had a list of nineteen charter members ; the Meridian Star also had a good starting. The Independent Order of Good Templars was instituted on August 24, 1866. The regular meetings have been sus- pended, but the charter still remains in the hands of the society. It is nearly ten years since any public liquor-shop has been kept at St. Lawrenee. On March 26, 1877, the " Temperance Reform Club" was organized, and its success is said to have made it the banner club of Jefferson County. The organization has been greatly a.ssisted by the " Ladies' Temperance Aid So- ciety," which was formed in the April following. Like any border town, Cape Vincent is liable to catch some of the drill-wood of the community, but it has never wanted stanch temperance elements of life. SCHOOLS. Schools have been in existence from the settlement of the town. Before 1820, F. R. Hasler, a man of education and a friend to learning, with children to educate, projected a normal .school, but failed to see it established. At the present time there are sixteen school districts in the town- ship, one of which is on Grenadier island, and another on Carlton island. The school in Cape Vincent village is graded, and comprises three departments. Select schools have been carried on by private individuals. Literary so- cieties have given zest to debates and reading. As libraries have an educational influence, the Union library, organized on August 24, 1824, should not be forgotten. It was of much value for many years, but finally discontinued. The first tnistees were Gideon S. Sacket, John B. Esselstvn Daniel Smith, Stock well Osgood, Philip George, Zcbulou Converse, and Roswell T. Lee. RELIGIOUS SERVICES. The first religious services were conducted by Mr. Richard M. Ks.selstyn in his own house. The meetings were held eacli Sabbath, nlan the Episcopal service and a sermon were read by him, followed by an extempore prayer from Deacon Kindall, who was a Baptist. Previous to 1820 missionaries came into the settlement, and the names of a Mr. Avery and a Mr. Flint are still remembered. There is still preserved the original draft of a paper stating that the first Sabbath-school was started on July 30, 1820 with J. B. Esselstyn and Buel Fuller as manan-ers R. M. Esselstyn superintendent, and Mr. Ellis teacher. There is also the draft of the first constitution that formed the " Auxiliary Female Missionary Society of Cape Vin- cent." This organization was before that of any church, and not far from the date of starting the first town Bible Society. The names of the members, signed hv their own hand, as the old paper indicates, from which the following list was made, were as follows: Charity Esselstyn, Jane Forsyth, Hannah Ainsworth, Sally T. Rogers, Delia Essels- tyn, Cynthia Rogers, Clarissa Essel.styn, Lydia W. Brewster, Hannah P. Esselstyn, 5Irs. Corchran, Rebecca Johnson, Abigail Smith, Lucy Kelsey, Tryphena Buckley, Sally Fuller, Jemima Merreitt, Lydia Lake, Lucinda Chapman, Jane Pator, Lois Hubbard, Mary Hubbard, Laura C. Kelsey, Sarah S. Kelsey, Emily Hibbard, Phcbe Greeu. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The Presbyterian church began its formal existence on March 2, 1823, at the house of Oliver Lynch. Rev. Nuah M. Wells, of Brownville, moderated the meeting, and prob- ably drew up the confession of faith and the covenant which were then adopted. The following eight persons consti- tuted the original membership : Oliver Lynch, Abraham Morrow, Matilda Lynch, Jane Forsyth, Mary Forsyth, Cynthia Rogers, Hezekiah II. Smith, and Amarillis Mills. At this meeting Jedediah Mills was received on profession, and Oliver Lynch and Abraham Morrow were chosen elders and deacons. On the 25th of the next June the church was received into the presbytery of St. Lawrence; the same day Charles G. Finney, who became the eminent revivalist, was taken under its care as a candidate for the gospel ministry. In 1824 a large meeting of this eccle- siastical body was held in our village. The first services were begun in a school-house that stood near the old ceme- tery ; afterwards in a hatter's shop on Broadway ; then in the ball-room of the Rathbun house ; next in a wheol- wright-shop ; and later still, in the upper room of a store at the foot of James street, that was burned many years ago. On the 13th of February, 1832, the " First Presby- terian Society" was organized, with Simon Howard, Henry Ainsworth, Michael Myers, R. T. Lee, and James Buckley as trustees. The church building was commenced the same year, §400 and the lot having been given by Mr. Le Ray towards the project. It was occupied the next year by the use of temporary seats, and continued in an unfinished state till about 1840, when the inside was completed. Rev. Jedediah Burchard was the first minister, who came in 1824, and during the two years of his ministry increased the membership to more than fifty persons. There were large accessions in 1850. In 1852, the 3-ear when the bell was purcha-sed, the church numbered 135 members. The wheehvright-shop, where the canj' services were held, was without much underpinning, and stood two or three feet above the ground. One Sabbath, while Mr. Burchard was preaching very earnestly on the willingness of doing whatever God calls upon us to do, he was greatly annoyed by half a dozen pigs that grunted and rooted around beneath the shop floor. Neither did it ple;ise the congregation. Suddenly grace and patience gave way, when Mr. Burchard stopped short in his discourse and called out, " Rudolph Shepherd, drive out those hogs." The ])astors of the Presbyterian church have been as follows: Jedediah Burchard, 1824-25 ; services for several years after depended upon uncertain finances ; David Smith and Lucius Foote were here before 1830 ; Revs. Chittenden, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 325 Robins, and Leonard preached before 1839; T. C. Hill, 1840; H. H. Morgan, 1842; Hugh Carlisle, 1845; F. J. Jackson, 1849; A. Crocker, Jr., 1854; George Richie, 185G; Samuel L. MerrcU, 1857. Rev. S. L. Merrell re- signed his charge of the Presbyterian church in June, ISGl , and entered the 35th Infantry iis chaplain. He served his full term of enli-stment. II. H. Hill, ISlJii; J. B. Preston, 1865; K. H. Pratt, January, 1871. The present pastor, M. E. Grant, commenced his labors in 1877. The present elders arc R. T. Lee, Austin Rogers, Jame-s Howard, and Edgar Vincent ; the first two are also deacons. The trustees are Willard Ainswnrth, W. 0. Horton, William Grant, James Howard, and Edgar Vincent. The Sabbath-school is in a flourishing condition. THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH. As already indicated, the fii-st religious services were Episcopalian, and conducted by Richard Essclstyn. These services were continued with more or less frequency, some- times at Cape Vincent, and sometimes at Milieu's Bay, till St. John's parish was organized, January 25, 1841, while Rev. John Noble was rector. John B. Esselstyn and Ncl- .son B. Williams were then chosen wardens ; and Nelson Potter, Otis P. Starkoy, Robert Bartlctt, Calvin Pool, Ju- dah T. Ainsworth, Robert Moore, Rice Parish, and Wm. Esselstyn, vestrymen. The lot upon which the church building stands w;is the gift of Mr. Starkey, and contained an acre of land. The first interment in the parish ceme- tery was the body of Jonathan Howland, who died the same year of the organization, at the age of sixty years. The building was erected in 1841, and consecrated on the second day of June, 1842, with the approbation of Bishop De Lancey. A neat parsonage was built not long after the church edifice. At the present time, and this has been the case for several years past, the rector of St. John's parish holds preaching services, every other Sabbath after- noon, at Millen's Bay. There is a good building at the Bay, which was completed in 1872 by the union efforts of the Episcopalians and the Methodists of that place. The Methodist class there is connected with the charge of St. Lawrence, and has a regular service on alternate Sabbaths. The clergymen of St. John's parish have been N. Wat- kins, 1841 ; Samuel H. Norton, 184G ; Richard S. Adams, 1850; John Abercrombie, 1852; Edward Moyscs, 1855; Edward Kennedy, 1857; A. M. Lewis, ISGO; W. H. Lord, 18G4; N. F. Whiting, D.D., 18G5; J. B. Linn, 18G9. The present rector is Rev. G. G. Perrine; W. M. Johnson and E. C. Kclsey, wardens; -Judah T. Ainsworth, E. K. Buriiham, C. C. Brown, G. A. Ainsworth, L. 0. Woodruff, John Armstrong, J. A. Scobel, and G. R. Star- key, vestrymen. THE CURISTI.W CHURCH. The first society of this order was formed by Elder Jason McKee, who was then living near Stone Mills, in the town of Orleans. It was in the fall of 1833. Shep- herd Warren and wife, Edwin Tuttle and wife, Joel Turrey and wife, Simeon Adams and wife, William Torrey, F. 0. Torrey, and Addison Howard constituted the first members. Shepherd Warren and Joel Torrey were the first deacons, and Simeon Adams the first clerk, which position he gave up in 1839, and was succeeded by F. 0. Torrey. Up to 1840 the names on if,s record-book had numbered one hun- dred and forty-one persons. Its pxstors have been xs fol- lows, giving the year when they commenced their labor»: Elder Ja.sout the same time. The following advertisement appeared in the Western Sentinel, June 7, 1797 : *'Land for sals. Iviog on Black river, in the county of Herki- mer, anil State of Xew York. Forty lots of lan>l laid out into farms, containing frvtm 100 to 240 acres eaoh. On lumau's Patent, so called, in this township, there is about forty actual settlers, and a good grist- mill within one mile and ^illegible ... ) on said land. This land is of an excellent soil, and the situation convenient and pleasing for set- tlers. The subscriber will remain on the land the most of the ensuing summer and fall. Terms of payment will be made to aoeommodate purchasers. .\lso township Xo. 4, lying on and adjoining Black river, about thirty miles from Boon's Mills: this township is of an excellent soil; twenty actual settlers wilt be on this township this summer. For terms please to apply to the subscriber, who will re- side on Inman's Patent, or to Capt-iin Xoadiah Hubbard, of Steuben, who is making a settlement on said township No. 4. •• Also for sale, a township of land lying on Black river, near Lake Ontario. These townships are all l.iid out in lots, and will be sold by large or small quantities, to suit purchasers, and the title indis- putable. .\lso ten lots of land to be leased on first tract. " Leui'cl Storrs. •• May to, 1797." Settlement was commenced in this town by Ncadiah Hubbard, in 17S7, the details of which we give in the fol- lowing letter, which was written to Dr. Hough in 1853 : "CHiiirioN. June. lSi3. " Dr. F. B. HorCiH, — Dear Sir : As you requested some months since, I now transmit to you a few of my recollec- tions of the early settlement of this county. ... I am past the age when most men write at all, being now in my eighty- ninth year, and past events may well be supposed to be be- coming dimmed by reason of age, and more like a dream than a reality ; yet I have been, and am, wonderfully blessed. both as respects health and the possession of pres- ent memory, — some of the choicest git^s of a kind Provi- dence. All. the companions of my early youth and of my more mature years have passed away, and I am left alone to tell the tale. Yet not alone as it respects friends. Others have risen up aiuund me to take the place, in some measure, of those that are gone. Of the friends of my early manhood's years I often feel to exclaim, ' Where are they ?' And echo answers, ' Where are they ?' Gone to that ' bourne from whence no traveler returns.' The origi- nal land-holders, even, of all this region of country are passed away, and have left no trace or name save in the title-deeds. I have not very many records of those early days ; so full of life and bustle were they that little time was left to record their stirring events ; yet some I have, and when I give you dates at all they are from memoranda made at the time. '• I first came to this town. Champion, in the year 1797, with Lewis Storrs, a large land-holder, when he eame on for the first time to view his purchase. I was then residing in Steuben, in what is now Oneida county, but then, or shortly before. Herkimer. Mr. Storrs then hired several pack-men, whoee business it was to carry the necessary provisions for the expedition on their backs. This was late in the autumn. We traveled on foot, by what is called the French road, to the High Falls on the Black river. This road had been cut for the accommodation of the French refugees who had made a settlement at High F;dls, and had there a log city. Many of these French belonged to the nobility of France, who were obliged to abandon their country during the revo- lution, in 1793. but who were at\erwarJs permitti-d to re- turn when the star of the empire rose upon the Bonapartes. Their settlement was made upon what was called the French Tract, on the north and cast sides of the Black River, and extending a great distance. From the High Falls we descended the river in a boat to the rapids, called the Lung Falls, now known as Carthage. Here we landed, and in two days explored the township, then an unbroken wilder- ness. Ou our way down, Silas Stow, then a young man, and afterwards known as Judge Stow, of Lowville, joined us. On the third day we re-embarked and proceeded up the river, and it was two days' hard rowing to get back again to the High Falls. As I believe I before mentioned, it was late in November, and the night wo were obliged to be out we encounteretl a severe snow-storm. To protect ourselves from it in some measure, we made a shanty by setting up some canchets and laying on poles, and covering them with hemlock boughs. We also scattered branches upon the ground upon which to lie, and, by making a rousing fire in front of our shelter, we contrived to be very comfortable. By this time our provisions were nearly ex- hausted, and we had before us the prospect of a hungry day. But in ascending the river we fortunately killed a duck and a partridge ; these being stripped of their feathers in the evening, I cooked them for our breakfiist the next morn- ing. I prepared them as nicely as I could with our scjiuty means ; salt we had none. I had a little pork left ; this I cut in small bits and inserted into the flesh of the fowls, where it served the double purpose of salt and butter for basting. To cook them I set up a couple of crotched sticks, laid another across, and from it. by strips of bark, suspended my fowls before the fire, where they cooked most beauti- fully, and were all in good time partaken of by the com- pany with a rare relish. Indeed, Messrs. Storrs and Stow declared they had never eaten so gnod. Hunger and a limited supply gave a keenness of relish not often expe- rienced. " In due time we arrived safe and well in Steuben, from whence we had started, where I passed the winter. Mr. Storrs offered me very liberal inducements to come on here and commence a settlement ; so liberal that I determined to accept them, though I may say in passing, and then dis- miss the subject forever, that he failed to fulfill his liberal offers. But, in consideration of those offers, I left my home in Steuben. June 1, 1798. and started for this place, accompanied by Salmon Ward and David Starr, with fifteen head of cattle. We traveled again upon the French road, as far as it availed us. This township had been surveyed by Benjamiu and Moses Wright the year before, and this year Mr. Storrs had engaged Benjamin Wright to survey Hounsfield, and on his way there he was to mark a road to this place and to precede me. I met the surveyors agreeably to appointment at a Mr. Hoadley's, and from there \ fUiiTo'ar LS WiueK Aurwen'.j 4 A. LOOMIS ■ fJlRS k. LOOMIS Resioenu of MRS.LUCISA LOOMIS. Chaupioh, .V. r. RuioEHCE or COL.ELIAS SAGCCh. I f rOf^MEFf f^CSIDENCC Of Elias Sa&c. ELIA6 SAGE ^^■. ' -?^!" mm^ 1 ^r m. ON.jEFFEffsoN Co , N. Y. ( fie. arAcHCs 496) HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 333 we came on to what is called Turin Four-Corners. There was only one log house there then. From there we went west about thirty or forty rods to Zaceheus Higby's. There we laid down our maps and consulted them, and came to the conclusion to take from thence a north course. This led us on to the top of the hill, now known as the Tug hill. " We were entirely ignorant of the ftice of the country, and of the most eligible route to pursue, and therefore took the one which seemed the most direct, not knowing the obstacles to be encountered. We had before come down by water, and on this route there was not even a marked tree. It was the duty of the surveyors to precede us, mark a road, and chain it. Jlr. Wright started in advance of us for that purpose. It was a be.iutiful, clear morning, and we followed on, progressing finely until the middle of the afternoon, when we came to a great gulf, and an abundance of marked trees. We went over the gulf, but could find no more trees marked. We then made a fire, and took out the stoppings from our bells, and suifered our cattle to feed around the fire while we set ourselves to search for marked trees, over the gulfs, and up and down, but could find no place to cross, or marks by which to determine what course the surveyors had taken. In this predicament we prepared to construct a shelter for the night, of hemlock boughs, etc. " The next morning the sun came up clear and bright, and I called a council. I told the men how much damage it would be to me to return, how great a loss not to pro- ceed, and asked them if they were willing to come on. David Starr replied that he would go to h — 1 if I would. Though no way desirous of going to the latter place, even in good company, I determined to come on, if such a thing were possible without a compa.ss or guide. We then set ourselves to work and felled trees, with which we made an inclosure, into which we drove our cattle, and then shoved them down the precipice one after another. They went up slantingly ou the other side, and much better than we got them down, so that finally they were all safely over, after much toil and trouble. I then agreed to pilot the com- pany down ; took off the ox-bell, and carried it in my hand, leading the way, and steering a north course by the sun and watch. We had to cross a number of gulfs and one wind- fall, which was the worst of all. We continued to travel upon the summit of the hill, where we found much fine table-land. The cattle would travel as fast as I could lead the way. One man drove them and another followed, axe in hand, to mark the trees and leave traces behind us, .so that if we could not advance we could retrace our steps. " We descended the hill before reaching Deer river. The latter we struck and crossed above the falls, not far from where the village of Copenhagen now stands ; and coming on, we succeeded in finding the town-line, which was identi- fied by marked trees, not far from where the toll-gate now is, on the Champion and Copenhagen plank-road. We then changed our course, following the line of the Black river, at Long Falls, where we arrived before night. We there found W.and men. They had not arrived more than an hour before us. When seeing us, Mr. W. ex- claimed, ' How in the name of God have you got here ?' I replied, 'You scoundrel' you ought to be burnt for leaving us so.' It was a most rascally piece of business, their leaving us as they did. But I suppose the truth was they thought it impo.ssible for us ever to get through with our cattle. But this docs not excu.se them for not having marked the road ; 'twas for that they were sent, and if others could not follow they were not answerable; but their duty was plain before them. " jNIy boat, which I had dispatched from the High Falls, .soon after arrived, with my provisions, yokes, chains, cook- ing utensils, etc., etc. The next day we left one to watch our efi'ects, while the others were searching for a desirable location. In a few days I selected the farm upon which I now live, principally for the reason that it was the centre of the township, rather than for any peculiar advantages it possessed over other portions of the town. Yet the soil has proved good, and suflRciently luxuriant with proper culti- vation. This was what I sought, a good agricultural location, rather than one pos.sessing hydraulic privileges. Not one tree had been cut here for the purpose of making a settlement, nor was there a white man settled in what is now the county of Jefferson when I came here. I was t/ie first white settler in the county. " I remained here through the summer and until Octo- ber, engaged in making a clearing. We then returned to Steuben, where my family was to spend the winter. During the summer some families had come into Lowville, and Mr. Storrs had caused a road to be marked from there to the Long Falls, and by that we returned, driving our cattle home again. These had become fat by running in the woods during the summer, and I sold them for beef I would mention here, though rather out of pl.ice, that I found a living spring of pure water a few rods from where the public-house in this place now stands, which had its influence in deciding my location. Near it I built my FIRST HOUSE, and there I kept ' bachelor's hall' two summers, being my- self ' chief cook.' My first habitation was a cabin, erected in a few hours' time with the aid of my men. It was a rude structure, but served our purpose. M'e set some posts, and then, having felled great trees, stripped them of the bark, and with this covered tlie roof and three sides of our dwelling; the front was left open, so that it may truly be said we kept open house. The covering was kept firmly in its place by withes of bark. After the completion of our house the next most necessary thing was an oven in which to bake our bread, for bread we must have, it being the staff of life. This was soon made with two logs for a foundation and a flat stone thereon ; the superstructure was soon reared with smaller stones, cemented tegether by a mortar of muck from the side of the spring, and crowned by a flat stone. This answered my purpose as well as one of more elaborate construction. For a door we split out a plank of b.isswood, and for a kneading-trough we again had recourse to the basswood, from whence we cut a log of the required length and dimensions, split it, and from one half dug out, with the axe and an instrument named a houcll, — which we had brought for such purposes, — in a short time, a trough which answered our purpose very well. I brought some yeast with me to make my first batch of bread ; after that I used leaven, kept and prepared after 334 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. directions given me by uiy wife before leaving home. . . . We had cows, a plenty of milk, etc. We sometimes washed dishes, when we could not remember what we last ate upon tlieni, but oftener turned them the bottom-side up, there to remain until wauled again. Some even pretended to say that wlien our table needed scouring we sprinkled salt upon it and j)ut it out fur the old cow to operate upon. . . . '• Early in the spring, 1791), I sent on two men to make sugar before I came on myself They commenced making sugar, and one day went out hunting, leaving their sugar boiling. The con.scquence was the house took fire and burned down, with all of the little it contained. During the winter the Indians had stolen all the cooking utensils I had left, and the potatoes which I had raised and buried the autumn before. Thus my riches were taking to them- selves wings and flying away. I came on soon after. This spring Esquire Mix and family came on ; John and Thomas Ward, Epliraim Chamberlain, Samuel and David Starr, Jotham Mitchell, Sidmon Ward, Bela Hubbard, David Miller, and Boutin, a Frenchman, came to Carthage. The above were all young, unmarried men, save Mix. We con- tinued our labors through the summer of 1799, but not with the spirit which we should have done had not a rumor reached us of the failure of Mr. Storrs, and the probability that we should lose not only all our labor but the money which 1 hail advanced for my land. But I will not enter into ]iarticulars here ; let it suffice that I could not afford to lose all I had done and paid, and consequently entered into a compromise with him to save a moiety of what was justly mine, of not only what I had actually paid for, but of what I was to have had for leading the way in this fir.st settle- ment of a new country, and subjecting myself again to all its discomforts and inconveniences. Consequently, in view of making this my permanent home, I moved my family here in the autumn of 1799. " AVe had a verj- unfavorable time to come. There had been a snow-storm in which about six inches of snow had fallen. We were obliged to travel on horseback, and the horses' feet balled badly ; we had sloughs to go through, and, altogether, it was very uncomfortable traveling in that manner with children. We arrived at Mr. Hoadley's the first night, and our ox-teams and goods the next day. h'rum there we came to the High Falls, where I had a boat awaiting us which I had caused to be built for my own use. Here we embarked with all our goods and chattels of all kinds, loading the boat lo its utmost capacity, so that when all were in it was only about liinr inches out of water. We spent one night at the Lowville binding, where a family were living. During the evening there came a number of men, wet, cold, and hungry. Among them was one named Smith. He went to pull ofi' the boots of one of his com- jianions, which were very wet and clinging close. He pulled with all his might, — the other bracing himself against liim as firmly as ])ossible. All at once, and with unex- pected suddenness, the boot came oflT and ]ioor Smith was sent, with his bare feet, into a bed of live coals. There was both music and dancing for one while. We arrived at the liiing Falls about noon the second day from our em- barkation. The weather had by this time become W'arm and pleasant. Our oxen arrived soon after by laud. We unloaded our boat, put our wagon together, loaded it with some of our effects, .set off, and before night reached our ' wilderness home.' My wife said, in view of the difiBcul- ties in getting here, that if she had anything as good as a cave to live in she would not return in one year at the least. She, of choice, walked from the Falls here, a dis- tance of four miles through the forest. We arrived on the 17th of November, 1799. The weather continued pleasant until the 27th, when it commenced snowing ; the river soon froze over ; the snow, of which a great quantity fell, and continuing to fall, lasted all winter, and wo were entirely cut off from all intercourse with the world. I kept fifteen head of cattle through the winter by browsing them, and they wintered well. Isolated though we were, yet I never passed a more comfortable winter. We had a plenty of provisions; my wheat — I had raised a very fine crop from seed sown in the autumn of 1798 ; and my pork, etc., was fatted in Oneida county and brought here by boat. And, take it all together, I perhaps settled this country as easy as any one ever settled a new country as completely isdated as this was at that time, and easier than I settled in Steuben, eighteen miles from Utica. At that time we had to go to Utica or Whitesborough for provisions, au'l it always took one day to go out and another to return, incredible as it may seem. In the spring of 1800 people began to flock into the country by liundreds, and as my log house afforded the only accommodation for wayfaring men, we were obliged to keep them whether we would or no. Sometimes, and that very often, my floors were strewn with human beings as thick as they could lie, some so near the huge fire-place as not to pass unscorched ; one man, in particular, it was said by his companions that his head baked by too close a proximity to the oven. This rush continued two or three years, and was full of incident and interest, but at this distance of time I can not recall these incidents with suffi- cient accuracy to detail them here. " The town settled rapidly with an intelligent and energetic class of people. The society was good ; it might be called good anywhere. Perhaps there was never a more intelligent and interesting people congregated together in an obscure little inland town, than in this within a few years from its first settle- ment. I caTinot state the order of time in which they came, but the names of a few of them I will record, that in future time, when this place .shall have sunk into insignificance, as it too jirobably will, before the greater lights around it, it may be known that we were once honored by having in our midst .such men as Egbert Ten Eyck, afterwards first judge of the court, who was then a young lawyer, and married here to one of our beautiful maidens ; Olncy Pearce and wife; Hubbel and wife; Judge Moss Kent, brother of the late chancellor ; Henry 11. Storrs, who opened an office here, and afterwards became one of the most distinguished lawyers of the Stjitc ; Dr. Bandy, a Frenchman ; Di's. Dur- kec and Farley, and many others, too numerous to mention, as well as many ladies of grace and beauty, whom it would be invidious now to particularize. Common schools were soon established. Religious meetings were held on the Sabbath, after old Deacon Carter came into town ; and in a very few ycar.s, I think as early as 1805, the Rev. Nathaniel Dutton came, lie was sent out by some missionary society at the HISTOIIY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 335 east to form churches in this western world, and coming to this place, was invited to remain, wliich he did, and con- tinued here until tlie close of liis valuable life, in September, 1852, and fur the j;reater part of that time was the pastor of the Congregational church, which flourished under his ministrations, and enjoj'ed many jiuworful revivals of re- ligion. " A house was built at a very early day on the hill west of the village, which combined the double purpose of a church and school-house. It was an expensive house for the times and ctminumity. In a few years it was burned to the ground. The next school-house was also a large one, lo- cated across the gulf, on the road to the Great Bend. This was also used as a meeting-house. A part of it is still stand- in", and is now converted into a dwelling-house. Some years later it was deterniincd to erect a church, hut the de- tails of this and other movements T presume you will obtain more fully from other .sources. " Yours, etc., " NoAPt.iu IIdbbard." The difficulties attending the early settlement of this town and the country generally arc set forth in the follow- ing petition to the legislature, dated the third Tuesday of February, 1801: "Tho memorial of the subscribers, proprietors anJ inhabitnnts of Champion, on Blacli river, in tho county of Oneida, in suid State, humbly shewcth : That your memorialists', induced by the extraor- dinary fertility of the soil, have made an establishment in said Cham- pion, and extended tiie frontier settlements of the State in a northerly direction from Home to Lake Ontario. That in prosecuting this en- terprise, those of your memorialists who have emigrated from Con- necticut, Massaeliusctts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and tlic eastern parts of this State, iiave not only been sul»jected to tho inconvenience of excessively bad roads, but have been and are still oldiged to go around by the way of Home to Utica, and through Boone's setllcnients and Steuben, a distance of at least forty miles farther tlian it would be in a direct line. That frt)m the High Falls, on Black river, on a line tolerably direct to Johnstown, and from thence to Albany, on the old road, is l)ut 105 miles; but from the High Falls to Albany, by way of Rome, is 145 miles. Your memorialists are informed, and verily believe, that a good road may be made in tlie direction they have pointed out, by wliich all the aforesaid saving in distance would be realized. But the ctuintry through which it must run is cither not settled at all, or so thinly inhabited that neither the towns through which the proposed roaavis, :iiiil Wil- liam Cruwcll. The virgin soil of this town was found to yield bounti- fully, and return an abundant increase to the hand of the cultivator; but the difficulty of realizing any means from the sales uf produce, from the difficulty of getting to market, leil to efforts like tho foregoing to obtain aid for opening lines of communication, and it was related by one who had shared in these privations that once on an even- ing, when a few neighbors had a.ssemblcd to exchange the news, the subject was being discussed, and one, more san- guine than the rest, hazarded the prediction that " there were those then living who would sec a weeJc/i/ line of mail- stages pass l/iniiii/h the fmon." This prophecy, like the dream of Oriental fable, has come and (/one, for within thirty years not only weekly, but a daily mail was established, and the tiiwn has been placed in direct communication with the outside world by the completion of the Carth:ige, Water- town and Sacket's Harbor railroad. The FIRST S.\W-MILL in town was built by William Iladsall and John A. Egglc- son, from Greenwich, New York, in 1802, on Mill creek, near the line of Rutland, where, several years afterwards, a grist-mill was built. In 1804, David Coffeen removed from Rutland to the west side of the river, opposite Carthage, and in 18I)G built a mill on this side of the river, which was the first hydraulic improvement at that place. Finding the supply of water in the channel insufficient, he constructed a wing-dam partly across the river, which was completed by Le Ray upon his commencing his iron-works at Carthage. One and a half miles from the present village of Cham- pion, towards Great Bend, is a hamlet known as the " Huddle," where mills and a distillery were erected several years before the war. It has been intimated that Champion bad been contem- plated as the probable centre of a new county. A special meeting was held November 13, 1804, to choose delegates to discuss this measure, and Egbert Ten Eyck, Olney Pearce, and John Durkee were chosen by ballot for this purpose. At the same meeting the two latter were recom- mended for appointment as justices of tho peace. In 1806 one hundred dollars were raised for killing the Canada thistle, to be expended by a committee consisting of Abel Crandall, Olney Pearce, and one other.* Wolf bounties of five dollars were offiired in the years 1807-13 ; in 1812, a panther bounty of five dollars, and fox bounty of fifty cents ; in 1815, a fox bounty of one dollar, and a wolf and panther bcmnty of ten dollars ; in 1820, fifty cents for foxes, twenty-five cents for young foxes, the wolf and panther '^ Name illegible. 336 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. bounty remaining at ten dollars. Every man was required to cut the Canada thistles growing in the road in front of his lands, under a penalty of one dollar for each thistle. In 1822 a bounty of fifty cents was offered for both old and young foxes. While referring to the subject of bounties, the following may not be inapplicable : The anecdote is related that a magistrate in this town, having had an altercation with a leading citizen in Lowville, heard that his opponent had offered a bounty of five dollars for his head. Feeling somewhat uneasy under this, he resolved to ascertain its truth, and made a journey on foot on purpose to demand satisfaction or a withdrawal of the offensive reward. Upon reaching the place, he found the person of whom he was in search in company with several others, and not wishing to make their quarrels a subject of publicity, he requested a private interview. This was promptly refused, on the ground that there was nothing between them that required secrecy, and he was told that if he had anything to say he might say it where he was. He then commenced by repeating the story he had heard, and demanded to know whether it was true. His enemy denied at once the charge, calling his neighbors to witness whether they had ever known him guilty of the folly of offering such a sum, but admitted that he might have bid twenty shilllnjs, and was very sure he had never gone higher. Finding that it was impossible to get this bounty taken off, he returned home. We are not informed of the result, or whether the reward was sufficient to tempt the cupidity of his neighbors. JJuring the year 1812 the town was visited by fever which baffled the skill of the physicians, and proved fatal in nearly every case. We have stated that the town was owned at the time of settlement by Henry Champion, of Colchester, and Lemuel Storrs, of Middletown, Connecticut. On May 12, 1813, an instrument was executed between them, by which the latter conveyed, for $18,300, his half of the sums due for lands in this town and Hounsfield, but this conveyance not being delivered during the life-time of Storrs, was subse- quently confirmed by his heirs. THE VILLAGE OF CHAMPION is situated near the centre of the town, upon the main road, at the point at which it is crossed by tlie Great Bend and Copenhagen (formerly plankj road. It has about one hundred inhabitants; two churches, — Methodist and Con- gregational; a stone edifice built for academic purposes, but now used by the Episcopalian .society as a place of wor.sliip; a hotel, owned by Mr. .1. A. Hubbard; a store, owned by Mr. M. G. Coughlan ; a blacksmith-shop, and a shoe-shop. GREAT BEND. This village is situated mostly upon the south side of Black river, at the base of the peninsula formed by the Great Bend, and at the point where the Cha.ssanis line crossed the river. Among the first settlers in this portion of the town were a large number of Marlins, who came from the east, and located upon the road leading from Great Bend to Carthage, since known as Martin street. Promi- nent among them were Enos, Mason, Timothy, Samuel, Harry, and Captain. James Colwell and Samuel Fulton located near the village about 1805. The first white child born in this portion of the town was the wife of Elisha Barr. A bridge was built as early as 1804, but was swept off by the spring flood of 1807, which was very general in this section, and of extraordinary height. It was, however, soon rebuilt. In 1840 a substantial covered bridge at this place was burned, and a few weeks after an act was passed authoriz- ing a loan of $2500 to the town of Champion, $750 to Le Ray, $2000 to Wilna, and $750 to Pamelia, for building bridges over Black river, among which were those at this place and Carthage. These loans were to be repaid by a tax, in eight equal annual installments. The first mill at Great Bend was built by a Mr. Tubbs, who also constructed a dam across the river in 1806 for Olney Pearce and Egbert Ten Eyck, who had purchased a pine lot of one hundred acres in the vicinity. Henry G. Gardner subsequently became interested in the improve- ments, and in 1807 the mill which had been destroyed in the flood of that year was rebuilt. In 1809 a distillery was put in operation, and in 1816 the premises were sold to Watson & Gates, who, in 1824, conveyed them to Charles E. Clarke. A destructive fire occurred at Great Bend, March 5, 1840, by which all of the business portion of the village was destroyed, including the grist-mill and bridge. The loss was estimated at $20,000. The mill was imme- diately rebuilt on an extensive scale. INCIDENTS. During high water in the spring of 1862 a crowd had collected upon the bridge, attracted by the unusual height of the river. While they were watching the flood wood and timber that were being carried over the dam an old, deserted mill, standing a .short distance above the bridge, was suddenly loosened from its foundation, and carried with such violence against the bridge as to sweep it from its po- sition. The greater number of those upon the bridge suc- ceeded in reaching the shore in time to avert the accident. A son of Mr. Fox, the miller, with Charlie Lewis, a com- panion, were not so fortunate. Young Lewis was carried down the river for several miles, but finally succeeded in reaching the shore. The Fox boy was not seen after the accident until his body was found, several weeks later, upon the bank of the river. On Thursday, January 9, 1873, it was reported that the body of an unknovvn man had been discovered on Deer Lick creek, on Martin street, about two and a half miles from Great Bend. It was a very stormy day, — snow very deep, and the weather very cold. The body of the mur- dered man was taken to Watertown. In one of his pockets was found an envelope directed to " Charles Weiduim, Copenhagen, N. Y., care Wni. Davenport," in the hand- writing of Charles Sutherland. In the envelope was found one hundred dulhirs in national currency. A little cxami- inalioM left no doubt in the minds of the officers that the body found was that of Weidiaui ; that he had been nuir- WW.M COBUf^N , tloN.p^Effl^lLL CoBUi^U. Hon. Merrill Coburn was born in New Hampshire in 1792. He came to Jefferson County in 1816, and the following year waa married to the estimable and amiable lady who survived him. About 1825 he was elected justice of the peace, and for many years after he was very gener- ally known as "Squire Coburn," as he held that office, and often others, until he declined to serve any longer. In 1825, Mr. C. was engaged in the wool-carding and cloth- manufacturing business at Felt's Mills. About 1840 he went to Chicago, where a member of his family was living. Here he took a large contract from the State of Elinois to build a section of canal. He was eminently successful in this, as he was in nearly all of his business undertakings. After the completion of the above contract he returned to Felt's Mills, and embarked extensively in the lumbering business, and those who were burnt out in the fire of 1849 will remember the enterprise exhibited by him in supplying the timber and lumber in time to rebuild. Mr. Coburn was one of the first directors of the Union Bank, which was founded in 1853 by the late Henry Keep, and be- came its president on the resignation of that gentleman. He was a prominent and valued director of the old Jeff- erson County Bank for sixteen years, and until he resigned and transferred his stock to his son, Wm. M. Coburn, who was unanimously elected to take hLs father's place in the board of directors. In 1851 he was elected to the as- sembly, and won the respect of all the members by his clear and just expressions of opinion on public affairs. Mr. Coburn left three children to cherish, revere, and re- spect his memory, for if there ever was a good father he was one. His eldest daughter married Charles Fallansbe, formerly of Watertown, but now of Chicago. His second daughter married Mr. Clancy, also of Chicago. These are in the enjoyment of financial and social prosperity. Of his son, Wm. M., we write more fully below. Mr. Coburn was eminently a frontier man, self-reliant, enterprising, and en- ergetic. He was a faithful and loving husband, affectionate and indulgent parent, but firm in exacting obedience to his rule; a just and accommodating neighbor and citizen, ready and willing at all times to do right, never oppressive, but ever striving to give a helping hand where worthily needed. After a long, busy, and useful life, in August, 1871, he departed this life, leaving behind him, in his character and works, the best assurances of a blissful hereafter. William M. Coburn, son of the subject of the above sketch, was born at Felt's Mills, January 26, 1825, and was brought up under the strict rule of his worthy father ; taught by example and precept to practice strict integrity, equal and exact justice to all men with whom he had deal- ings, untiring industry in bringing to a successful issue his undertakings, and great firmness in maintaining his convic- tions of right. As soon as he got through with his edu- cation he was admitted a partner with his father in the lumber business, with two mills, one at Felt's Mills and another opposite the Huntington mUls, with which was connected a farm, which he carried on successfully for seven years. About 1860 he moved to Carthage, where he prose- cuted the manufacture of lumber with great energy. William M. Coburn was eminently public spirited. He readily entered into any public enterprise with his means, time, and talent that promised to advance the interest of the county. He took an active part in bringing the Carthage and Watertown Kailroad to completion by being an active director in its affairs from the beginning. He was also one of the founders of the Empire State Life Insurance Com- pany, and one of its directors ; also of the Black River Fire Insurance Company. He was a director of the Jeff- erson County National Bank, and also in the National Union Bank, in all of which positions he commanded respect. The place, however, where he shone brightest was in his home, with his amiable and congenial wife, and his interest- ing and promising children. It was here that his generous hospitality was enjoyed, and many there be who will long cherish the hours spent in his happy home. His philan- thropy was a shining mark in his character, and the poor and needy will remember him with gratitude. Indeed, his memory will be generally revered ; his name honored wherever known. HISTORY OF JKFFKRSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 337 dercd, and that Sutherland was the murderer. A party of three constables, with Chief of Police Guest, left Carthage to secure Sutherland, and reached Joen Dryden's, near Copenhagen, after midnijiht. In the mean time, Georire Dryden, seeing that Sutherland was strongly suspectcil, telegraphed his brother to get Sutherland and bring him to Carthage. At Copenhagen, John and Charle.s Dryden met him, and started from the hotel to go to Charles Dryden's house. He was asked about the murder, l)ut denied all knowledge as to Weuham, except that he left him in Car- thage about eight o'clock on Monday night, January 6 ; that he could clear up all suspicious circumstances in five minutes after reaching Carthage. Shortly afler this the officers arrived ; Sutherland was arrested, and the party started for Carthage. When about half a mile on their way the prisoner had a spasm, but denied having taken poison. He subsequently had five spasms, and died in the last, about three-quarters of an hour after leaving Dryden's. Arriving at Carthage, his body was taken into the Levis House office. District Attorney Williams, a physician, and others were called in, and it was pronounced a case of strychnine poisoning. Hiram Smith, living near Copenhagen, in L'swis county, was afterwards suspected of having been a party to the murder, and he was arrested at Copenhagen, October 20, 1873. An examination was held before the recorder, and Smith was committed to wait the action of the grand jury. He was indicted in December, 1873. In February he was arraigned, and entered his plea of " not guilty."' Messrs. Levi, II. Brown and Nathan Whiting were designated by the court to defend him. The trial commenced before Judge Morgan, in May, 187-t. After a trial which lasted for five days he wa.s found guilty, and sentenced to be exe- cuted July 24, 1874. Although Smith had made certain confes.sions before his arrest, he claimed upon the trial that he had been led to do so through representations made by others. He protested liis innocence so strongly that the governor, at the request of Judge Morgan, post> poned the execution until October 23, 1874, and subse- quently, at the suggestion of Judge Morgan and District Attorney Williams, until December 4. Smith and his counsel and friends had thus six months after the trial in which to investigate his case. A number of affidavits were procured in behalf of Smith, and presented to the governor, who heard the ca.se finally on November 5. He rendered his decision November It!, in which he said a thorough examination of the whole ease left no doubt upon his mind of the guilt of Smith, and therefore he could not interfere to prevent his execution. He was executed in the jail at Watertown, December 4, 1874. That jiortion of the village of Grejtt Bend which lies within the town of Champiou consists of a hotel, kept by William Frodinburgh, a store ki^pt by Daniel McNeal, a grist-mill owned by D. B. Sterling, and a paiier-mill owned by the Great Bend Paper-Mill Co. WEST CARTHAGE VILLAGE. In 1834, Jo.seph C. Budd, William Bones, and Benjamin Bentley erected a blast-furnace in Champion, west of the river, opposite the village of Carthage, which was twenl}- six feet square at the ba.se and thirty-two feet high. It was run but four blasts, the first two on bog ore alone, when it was abandoned in 183G. About one thousand Ions of iron were made at this furnace with the cold bUi;st. No eastings were made here. The parties owning it had, in February, 1833, purchased of A. Champion about three hundred and twenty acres, opposite Carthage, which were surveyed into a village plat and sold to parties in New York, who eau.sed a new survey and a map to be made by Nelson J. Beach. The speculation failed, and the property reverted to Champion, who .sold it to V. Le Ray. This village company procured an act incorporating the West Cartilage Iron and Lead Company, with a capital of $200,000, in shares of $500. It was incorporated May 15, 1837. The fii-st directors were Ebenezer Je.s.sup, Jr., Chauncey Burks, Woleot Ilubbell, Ebenezer Griffin, and Carlos Woodcock, and the company was limited in duration to twenty-five years. Nothing was done toward.s carrying this into effijct. West Carthage, having the advantage of exeellent water privileges, is one of the most extensive manufacturing vil- lages in the county. There are in operation at present two extensive pail and tub manufactories, a map-roller, a sabh and blind and a pump manufactory, two planiiig-mills, and a tannery. RELIGIOUS .SOCIETIES. The first regular religious organization in the county is believed to have been formed in this town in June, 1801, by the Rev. Mr. Bascomb, who was sent out on a mission- ary tour by the Ladies' Charitable Society of Connecticut, and on that date formed a Congregational church. The numbers that first compObcd it were small, and only occa- sional preaching was enjoyed until 1807, when the Rev. Nathaniel Dutton was ordained. There were present on this occasion the late Rev. Dr. Norton, of Clinton, New York, Mr. Eels, of Westmoreland, and one or two others. Mr. Dutton maintained for over forty years the pastoral relation with the church, and became in a great degree identified with the rcligiio(I in Chiiiniiion, New York, Scpt(!nvt>cr 0, 1S,')2, Kev. Natliiiniel Dutton, affctl scventy-tlircf years, the first sfltleil minister in Jeffer- son County. His parents live in Hartford, Vermont. The son, having become pious in early life, devoteil himself to the work of the ministry, grailuatcil at Dartmouth in IS02, studied theology under Dr, Lyman, of Hatfield, commenced preacliing in 1805 under the approval of the Hampshire Association, was sent by the Hampshire Missionary Society to labor in the lilack Kivcr country, and in IS07 was installed pastor of the First Congregational church in Champion. " For several years tlicre was almost a continuous revival among his ]>cople, with constant accessions to the church. In 1S17 he wit- nessed a general revival, which in a few months added IfiS members to his church. Abundant as were his pastoral duties, he fre(|ncntly visited destitute regions around him, to preach the Word, ami to ad- minister the ordinances, and to organize churches. He also made himself useful by directing the studies of young men preparatory to their college course. But few have jierformcd more labor, or daily 338 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. exhibited more of the fruits of righteousness. Ilis uniformly jiious and consistent life gave great weiglit to his pulpit and otller instruc- tii>n3. Jle was a seribe well instructed, rooted and grounded in the doctrines of the Bible, and a firm believer in the form of church policy he inherited from his Puritan ancestors. He resided with his people forty-six years ; and. although the pastoral relation was dis- solved several years before his decease, he ever cherished towards them the tendcrest sympathy and most affectionate regard, lie never ceased his efforts ti> win souls to Christ till couipolIcMl hy dis- ease. The Congregational churches of Caithnge and I'hiladclphia will long remember his faithful labors among them in his declining years. The consociation to which ho belonged have lost a friend and counselor and a venerated father. Jiis last sickness was short, but distressing, which he bore with Christian patience and submis- sion, lie died in the full hope of a glorious immortality. ' Precious in the sight of the Lord is the death of his saints.' " A convention of ministers and cliurches assembled at Cliamjiion September 22, 1807, voted a proclamation re- commending to the inliabitants of the Black River settle- ments the observance of the first Thursday of December next as a day of thanksgiving and praise. This document set forth ill general terms the obligations felt towards Divine Providence liir tlie blessings of the year, and advised relig- ious services to be performed in the several duirches. It was signed by a vote of the convention, — James iMurdock, moderator ; Nathaniel Dutton, scribe, — and published in the Black River Guzntle, at Martinsburgh, then tlie only paper north of Utica. The governors of the State had not then adopted the custom of appointing a day of thanks- giving, as is now the invariable cu.stom. THE FIRST CONGREG.\TIONAL ClIURCU OF CHAMPION was formed May 7, 1805, Jonathan Carter, Abel Crandel, Joel Mix, Noadiah Hubbard, Joseph Paddock, and John Canfield being the first trustees. On July 4, 1807, Cham- pion and Storrs conveyed to the town two acres on the summit of a hill that overlooks the village for the site of a church and a public green, and it was contemplated to begin the erection of a church soon after, but the war that followed directed attention from the object until 181G, in whicli year Noadiah Hubbard contracted to build a church edifice, to be ]iaid in the sale of pews; but he never realized the cost, five thousand dollars. It was dedicated December 25, 1816. General Champion had jiromised the town a bell, as a compliment for having had his name given to it, and this was accompanied by the following letter, dated Hartford, September 9, ISlC, and addressed to Noadiah Hubbard : " The bell for your meeting-house was shippid from lliis place for Albany about ten days past. The tongue is made fastened to the bell. I expect before this it is in Albany. It weighs a little short of eight hundred pounds, and it is said by Colonel Ward to be a very good one. The bell they first east appeared not to he as perfect as they wished, and of course they broke it to pieces and cast another. I hojiu it will arrive safe, and be satisfactory to your society. •' I am, sir, your very humble servant, " Hk.VIIV Cll AMI'Iuv." The first church being In a hlrak and exposed situation, difficult of access, and In many respects uncomfortable, was taken down in 1841 and rebuilt in tlie vallev. it haviii" been completed and dedicated in the I'dl of that year. The Rev. Mr. Dutton was jiastor of the church from 1807 until his death in Se|ilend)cr, 1S.")2. .\t one time the chnidi had a membcrsliip of over I'oiir Iniridied. Some two or more churches have been organized from this one, and with removals and deaths in 1870 the membership was only fourteen, after being without stated preaching for seven years. In 187{) an effort was made to revive the old church. The services of Rev. I. M. C. Dow were secured, who served the church for a few weeks, when sickness compelled him to leave the field. There was no more regular preaching until February 11, 1877, when the services of Rev. W. T. Osman were secured. Since then the congregation has in- creased in numbers, ten have been added to its membership, and a good Sabbath-school been formed. METHODIST CHURCH OF CHAMPION VILLAGE. The Methodists first organizcHl a legal society December 30, 1825, with M. Andrews, Wilson Pennock. and Josiah Townsend trustees. A second society was formed April 11, 1827. The sucees.sion of pastors has been as follows since 1850: 1850-51, Rev. W. I. Hunt; 1852-54, J. N. Brown; 18G4-5G, William B. Joice ; 1850-58, Lemuel Clarke; 1858-60, G. J. Jones; 1800-62, S. M. Crofoot ; 1863-06, G. W. Elwood; 1806-69, M. T. Hill; 1809- 71, 0. P. Pitcher; 1871-74, James Stouell ; 1874-76, Daniel Talford. Rev. C. N. Higby, the present pa-stor, took charge in 1876. The church has at present eighty-two members. The Subbath-school has an attendance of sev- enty-five, and is .supplied with a small library. THE METHODIST CHURCH AT NORTH CHAMPION is one of the oldest in the town. The church building was erected in 1826. This church is connected with the Cham- pion charge, and presided over by the pastor of the Cham- pion church. It has a flourishing Sunday-school and a small library. EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF CHAMPION VILLAGE. This church was organized about ten years since. The old academy building was given to the society at that time by the Freema.sons, and the upper room, fitted up for church purposes, has been used by the society since that time. Services are at present held every alternate Sunday by Rev. IMr. Cathell, of Carthage. When organized the society consisted of but fifteen members ; since that time the number has increased to forty-five. CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH OF WEST CARTHAGE. The church was organized March 31, 1835. It was voted to call it the " First Congregational Church of Car- thage." The Revs. Dutton and Monroe were the organ- izers, and the following persons united to form the church : Philo Weed, Abigail Weed, C. H. Morrison, Prudence Morrison, Daniel and Mary Wilcox, John and Ilepzibah Hewitt, Merritt Coughlin, Lucy Nimocks, and Lovica Gil- bert. Merritt Coughlin was elected clerk, and IMiilo Weed deacon. The church was organized in East Carthage, and for a time held its meetings in the stone school-house in that village. Afterwards the church moved over the river, and held its meetings in the old store near Mr. Woolson's, which is now u.^ed as a workshop. When Rev. Mr. Doanc ])reached in the village of Carthage the church ilividcd,and a number of ihe members were organized into the Presby- HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 3-59 terian church now worshiping in East Carthage. On No- vember 16, 1852, the citizens of West Carthage convened, and organized themselves into a Congregational society by calling Deacon Daniel Jackson and Mr. John Vroouiau to preside, when Alfred Lathrop, James Mix, Joel Manches- ter, Reuben H. Potter, Truman Buck, Ezra Ciirter, and Theodoras Buck were chosen trustees. In the previous year they had built the present meeting-house. The following is a list of the ministers who have preached in the church since its organization : Revs. Northrop, IIul- sey, Woolcot, Waitc, Jenks, Wheelock, llockwood, I'lacc, and Farrar. B.VPTIST CIIUKCII, r.llE.VT BE.ND. The Baptist church in this town, in 1818, reported twenty-five members, and the First Bapti.st Ecclesiastical Society was formed October 16, 1826, with Moses C. Mer- rill, Elisha Jones, Thomas Campbell, Eli.sha Bentley, Moses Miller, Sidney Hastings, and James Thompson trustees. There was no house of worship erected in town by this order until 18-12, when the church in North Rutland de- cided to rebuild at the Groat Bend, and formed a society, with Cicero Potter, Miner C. Merrill, Tliomas P. Francis, Daniel Potter, and Henry G. Potter trustees, in January of that year. In May, 1843, a subscription was drawn up for this purpose, and in December the house was cimijileted and dedicated. The building is thirty-six by forty-eight feet, and cost, with fixtures, fourteen hundred dollars. The society is at present without a pastor. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Eli West (deceased) studied medicine in Castletonj Vermont ; attended lectures at the Castleton medical col- lege, and graduated at that institution about the year 1816. He removed to the village of Carthage the year following, and continued in practice at that place for more than fifty years. He was twice elected to the legislature from this distriet, and held the oflace of supervisor and justice of the peace for a great number of years. Dr. R. J. Darraugh, of Champion, is a member of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario, Canada. He graduated at the Queen's University, of Kingston, Canada, in 1866; practiced in Toronto, Canada, until August, 1877, when he removed to the village of Cham- pion. Dr. Ci. D. Hewitt, of West Carthage, attended lectures at Burlington, Vennnnt, and at Pittsfield, Massachusetts. He served in the army as surgeon in the 18Gth Regiment, returned to the village of West Carthage in 1865, and ha.s since been in practice at that place. We are under obligations furnished by Messrs. Samuel Fulton, Mr. Hubbard, of Champion village, and others in the town. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. COLONEL ELIAS SAGE. The Sage family is of Norman origin, derived from Saga-man, the wise man or historian of the tribe. The first in English history is found in the battle Abby Roll. This roll is that made by William the Conqueror after the battle of Hastings, when he divided the English lands among his principal followers in 1066, and is, therefore, of great antiquity. David Sage came to Middlctown, Connec- ticut, from Wales about 1650-52 with his mother, who, after his father's death, resumed her maiden name. Eliza- beth Randall married Mr. John Kirby in 1652, and afU-r his death again resumed her maiden name, as land-convc}'- ances executed by her show. David Sage was born 1639, died 1703, had four sons, — first, David, born 1665, who left no family; John, born 1668; Timothy, born 1678; and Jonathan, born 1680. The.se last three cacii had families, thus making three principal branches. /iVs< Brunch. — 1st, John, b. 1668, d. 1750-51, had seven sons, as follows: 1st, John, b. 1696, who left four sons, — John, b. 1716, Lewis Samuel, b. 1720, Francis, b. 1722, and Giles, b. 1742. 2d, David, b. 1703, left four sons,— David, b. 1732, Solomon, b. 1737, Jedediah, b. 1739, and Zadock, b. 1748. 3d, Benyni, k 1703, had three sons, — Benoni, b. 1725, Allen, b. 1728, and Daniel, b. 1730. 4th, Nathaniel, b. 1707, had three sons, — Samuel, b. 1730,"jcdediah, b. 1732, and Nathaniel, b. 1755. 5th. Ebenezer, b. 1709, had two sons, — Comfort, b. 1731, and F^benezer, b. 1734. 6th, Comfort, b. 1710, d. 1729, had no family. 7th, Gideon, b. 1713, had throe sons, — Gideon, b. 1739, Giles, b. 1742, Luther, b. 1746. Second Branch. — Timothy, b. 1678, d. 1725, had five sons, — l.st, Samuel, d. young, had no family. 2d, Timothy, b. 1714, had three sons; Timothy, b. 1743, Ludiah, b. 1754, Epaphras. b. 1757. 3d, David, b. 1718, d. 1803, had six sons, — David, b. 1747, killed in the Revolution; Joseph, b. 174S, Noah. b. 1750, Enoch, b. 1752, Ebenezer, b. 1755, Abner, date of birth not known. 4th, Solomon, b. 1720, had five sons, — Samuel, b. 1746, Seth, b. 1747, Stephen, b. 1752, Simeon, b. 1757, and Solomon, b. 1762. 5th, Ami IS, b. 1722, d. 1759, had five sons, — Amos, b. 1746, William, b. 1748, Hezekiah, b. 1750, Nathan, b. 1752, Fjlisha, b. 1755, and two daughters, Mrs. Riley and Mrs. Swift. Third Branch.- — Jonathan, b. 1680, d. 1712, left one son, Jonathan, b. 1711, who had four .sons, — Jonathan, b. 1739, Hezekiah, b. 1745, Joseph, b. 1747, and Moses, 1754; Joseph, son of Joseph, had two sons, Joseph and John. Trace found descendants numerous. There are some still remaining in the female line in Cromwell.* Samuel, b. 1730 (son Nathaniel, b. 1707), had three sons and three daughters, — Enos, b. 1757, Elias, b. 1759, Samuel, b. 1763. Elias, b. 1759 (son of Samuel, b. 1730), had eight sons and four daughters, — Martin, b. 1784, Ros- well, b. 1786, Bernard, b. 1788, Harvey, b. 1794, Elias, b. 1799, Nort Benjamin Johnson. This he always spoke of as hLs first speculation. After exiiloring the country in various direc- tions he finally located in the town of Steuben, and not far from the jilace selected by the Baron Steuben for his resi- dence. They were neighbors for the short time the Baron survived, and he was once called upon when the Baron was seized with apoplexy, which so soon proved fatal. (1794.) Noadiah Hubbard paid a visit to his native place in the winter, and on January 30, 179-1-, he married his earl}' love, Eunice Ward, a beautiful maiden, and transported lier to his forest home. But previous to this, in 1793, he was offered a contract for the construction of canal locks at Little Falls, which he accepted ; went to Jliddletown, Con- necticut, hired the requisite number of men, procured oxen for the work, and whatever else was necessary, returned to Little Falls, and his company were the fiist to break ground 342 HISTORY OF JEFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. oil this first canal in the State of New York, if not the first in tlie UTiited States. Tiie canal was cut in uno summer. Tiie company by whom these locks wore undertaken is known in the history of the State as the " Great Inland Lock Navigation Company." The object was to open water communication between the Hudson river ;ind the great lakes by means of the Mohawk river. Wood creek, Oneida lake, Oswego river, etc., and these locks at Little Falls were necessary around the rapids at that place ; long since superseded by the " Grand Erie Canal." (He received one dollar a day for his services, and thirteen dollars a month for each man, having to board them out of it. He paid to each man nine dollars per month.) Mr. Hubbard spent several summers on his farm in Steuben, but in the autumn of 1707, Lemuel Storrs, a large landed proprietor, came there, and induced him to accompany him to what is now called the town of Cham- pion, on a tour of exploration to the then unbroken wilder- ness. (I refer you to " Hough's History of Jeft'erson County" for his own account of that expedition, page 121.) Sub.se(|uently to this first visit, as an inducement to conic to Champion and lead in the settlement of this new country, Mr. Storrs offered liini two thousand acres of land on any part of the township where he chose to locate, for the sum of twelve sliilliiigs an acre, and the agency of all his lands. The common market price was three dollars, and for that was .sold to the settlers. He accepted the offer, jiaid five hundred dollars down, and selected his two thousand acres in the centre of the township. Reserving enough for him- self, he sold the remainder to various individuals. He made improvements and cleared many acres, but, before he moved his family, news came that Mr. Storrs had failed, and this failure led to a compromise by which he relin- quished all the contracts for the land he had sold and what remained unsold, receiving a deed for one hundred acres only for the five hundred dollars jiaid. The town- ship was a valuable one, and they realized a fortune from it. I say they, for Gen. Henry Clianijiion, the brother-in- law of Mr. Storrs, had stepped in to his relief, and became a partner in this land speculation. Mr. Fluliliiird continued to act as an agent of various other land-holders through a considerable part of his active business life, and being an early settler in the county, he Was a.ssociatcd in every project for it.s improvement until incapacitated by age. An officer in the War of 1812 ; ap- pointed judge in 1818; many times acting as supervisor; at first having to go to Hutchinson county, and subse- ((ueiitly to Roni(!, previous Ui the present division of the counties; was deeply interested in the finiwitidu and sus- tentation of the Agricultural Society, the second one in this State. (See " Hough's Hi.story," page 401.) He erected the first church edifice in the county of .Jef- ferson, and at his own expense, expecting to be reimbursed by the sale of the pews; but he never received the first cost of the same. He akso erected several school-houses, and built the jilank-road from Great Bend to Copenhan-en — eleven miles — when eighty-four years old, showing his iiidoiiiit:d)l(? energy and perseverance. His private business was extensive and various, as well as his public. He was one of a mercantile nnii almost from the first settlement of the town, though he never gave to that his personal attention, further than to go to the city occasionally to purchase goods. PIIOTU. BY LKWIS, CARTILAGE. HIRAM HUBBARD, of Champion, the eldest child of Noadiah Hubbard, was born in the town of Steubi'ii, Oneida county. New York, October 3(1, 17'J4. lie was one of three sons whom their parents brought jijirt of the way on horseback to Champion in November, 17'.l'.'. From that period to the present this has boon his homo. His absences have been i'ew and far between. When still a yiuitli he was sent to Fairfield academy, Herkimer county. In the year 1812 the typhoid fever was epidemic in Championand very I'atal; many heads of families were swept away, and among them his uncle Stephen Hubbard, a man esteemed in every relation of life. He was the manager of the mercantile firm of N. & S. Hubbard. Upon his death it became necessary for N. Hubbard to recall his son from school, young as ho was, and place him in the store to conduct the business there, as he had his hands full of other and outside work. This, then, was the end of his scholastic education. The firm con- ducted a large and successful business, and, as was customary in those early days, they ran a large distillery and potashery, ill eoiiiieetioii with the dry-goods store. The business was coiidiictod as above until 183(1, when N. i*l; H. Hubbard dissolved partnership and gave up the entire mercantile and other business connected therewith. At one time they owned and caused to bo o])eratcd a grist- and saw-mill on Deer river, in the town of Denmark, and in connection with tluit they also li:id a diy-goods Store. On the 13th of Feliruary, 1823, the subject of this .sketch was united in marriage with Cluiriile Matilda Sher- wood, eldest daughter of Dr. Jonathan Sherwood, then of Champion. They have had six children, of whom three sons and two daughters arc living. A M GfNDf?Oy rHOTOGf^AfHlR Russell Wilmot Mrs. RussiLL Wilmot. K^TTSSELIL. ■Wini.nyCOT. Rtjsseli, Wilmot came of good old Connecticut stock. His father, Asher Wilmot, came to Cham- pion in the year 1804, and bought the farm on which he lived for the remainder of iiis life. The farm then came into the possession of his son Russell, whose it M-as until the day of his death. It is not often in these days of change and emi- gration that a man lives in one place from infancy to three score years and ten. And when this is the case, it is generally indicative of some qualities of head and heart that are worthy of imitation. All that knew Russell Wilmot respected him for his simplicity and frankness, his sterling Integrity, his love of truth and right and justice, his contempt for all deception and meanness. His character was formed and grounded in the old-fashioned ways of honesty and straight-forward dealing. He died honored and regretted by his neighboi's and fellow townsmen, while the sad vacancy in hLs own im- mediate household can only be appreciated by those who also have been called to suft'er the loss of friends. Russell Wilmot died in Champion, aged seventy- two years. N.J. FuLLEff. Mf^S. N.J. FULLEF^. (photos By BAflTA WATEfiTowH. ) i,'L..IOENC£- DAIRY FARM cj N.J . FULLER, CHAMPtON, NX HISTORY OF JEFFP:RSOiV county, NKW YOllK. 343 In 1836, Mr. Hubbard retired from active business, and has since carried on a small farm, — enjoying the profits of a rented f;irm near b}'. The buildinj^.s, wliieh were nearly all of stone and substantially built, besides his own house and store, have been converted into farm-buildintra. The old distillery is a farm- and dairy-house, while the ashery makes good, warm stalling for cows. Since retiring from ac- tive business he has led a quiet, uneventful life in the bosom of his family and in the stone mansion where he first carried his wife a bride, fifty-four years ago. They coutinue to enjoy good healtli for their advanced years. ALPHONSO LOOM IS was born in the town of Champion, Jefferson County, New York, August 29, 180S, and was the .son of John Luomis. The first record of the family in America is that Jo.seph Loomis came from Braintree, Essex county, England, and settled at Windsor, Connecticut, in 1038, whore many of his descendants still reside. John Loomis came from Con- necticut, and settled in Champion during the earliest settle- ment of the county. Alphonso made his home with his father until he wa.s about thirty years of age, although he had previou.sly purchased for himself a farm. On the 21st *of March, 1838, he united in marriage with Lucina Carter, and immediately afterwards removed to the farm where he lived during the remainder of his life, and where his esti- mable widow now resides. He died there on the 15th of December, 1875, leaving a wife and two children to mourn his loss. They had three children, namely, Selinda C, wife of Egbert S. Flint; Sanford C., deceased; Mary L., wife of Wayne A. Humphrey. In politics Mr. L. Wiis an out,spoken Republican. In religion a sincere and devoted member of the Congrega- tional church at Champion, to which he united more than thirty years ago. He was an honest man, a kind and ac- commodating neighbor, an affectionate husband and indul- gent father, and a Christian gentleman. Lucina Carter, widow of the above, was born November 22, 1812. Iler father, Asa Carter, came from Connecticut and settled in Jefferson County about the year 1800. Her mother was a native of Massachusett.s. She lived at home until her marriage with Mr. Loomis. She is now in her sixty-fifth year, is quite active, and enjoys good health. .She has been a member of the Congregational church for more than half a century. In her domestic relations she has ever been a kind mother, a true and dutil'ul wife, and an admirable housekeeper. NORMAN J. FULLER, son of Jacob Fuller, was born in Rutland, July 20, 1830. His father settled in Rutland in 1804, and resided there until his death in August, 1859. Young Norman received his education at the district school of his native town, and assisted his father on the farm during his life. In the spring following his father's death he removed into Cham- pion, and settled on the farm where he now resides. In the winter of 18G7 he wa.s married to Mrs. Jerusha Ann King, by whom he had three children, namely, Alfred N., Ella S., and Emma J. • On the ISth of February, 1872, ho sustained the lo.ss of his estimable wife, who was an admirable housekeeper and an agreeable companion. Mr. Fuller has a farm of three hundred acres of land, and, together with farming, carries on dairying extensively. On his farm he has one hundred acres of fine timber. Mr. F. is a gentleman of inti'Higence, a good practical farmer, a sound business man, and a good citizen. (See illustration, etc.) -» »-O0C:^-«- CLAYTON. A RETROSPECTION of three-quarters of a century carries us back to the earliest settlement of what now constitutes the town of Clayton. We are informed, on reliable au- thority,* that the first permanent settlement was perfected in Clayton, in 1801 or 1802, by one Bartlett, at a place that still bears the name of Bartlett's Point, and situate about one mile from Clayton village. He had been placed there by Smith ct Delaniator. land agents of Chaumont, to keep a ferry to Gananoiiue, Canada, but, after staying a year or two, set fire to his house, as tradition has it, and ran away by its light. The topography of Clayton is diversified in character * Hough's History of Jcflcrs m County, 185 1. and somewhat difficult of accurate description. In places it is hilly, with outcroppings of stone; but the larger por- tion of it is level or rolling. The soil is generally a sandy loam, and in the localities where the land is free from stone is (|uite fertile and productive. All the cereals common to the State, and fruits and vegetables, are raised in the town, which is almost exclusively devoted to agriculture. The town is watered by French creek and Cliauuiont river. It is bounded on the north by the St. Lawrence, and on its border commcuces the head of the Thousand Isles, many of which are in sight at various points in the town and present a very picturesi]uc appearance. Among the most important, opposite Clayton, are Grindstone, Washington, Bluff, Abels, and Hemlock. Nearly the entire group of 344 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. these islands ("with Wellcsley island off Alexandria town) were claimed by the .SV. Regis Indians at an early day, and leased by their agents to British subjects for long terms of years. Uf)on survey of the boundary in 1818 they were found to belong to the United States Government, and in 182:-{, upon these islands being patented by the State, in pursuance of an agreement with Macomb, difficulties arose that threatened for a time to result in serious measures, and which have been known locally as the " War of (irindstono Island." A (|uantity of pine timber had been cut and ]iri'pared for rafting, which was claimed by the patentee, but was refused to be given up by the ]iarties in whose pos- session it was. Finding it probable that any attempt to st-rvo legal papers u])on those alleged to be trespassers would be resisted, a detachment of militia from Lyme, under Captain S. Green, was called out. The timber had mostly been passed over into British waters, and, after some firing, the party in charge of the timber dispersed. One of the militia-men was accidentally killed by the discharge of his own gun. The question sub.se(|uently became a sub- ject of litig-ation, and was finally settled by arbitration. Another incident occurred in this town that has its par- allel only in the tlieft of a town-meeting, as related of Brownville. A saw-mill had been erected in the vicinity, it is said upon a verbal agreement, which subse(|uently became a subject of difficulty between Mr. La Farge, the proprietor, and the lumberman. The latter resolved that he would neither comply with the ternjs demanded nor allow others to enjoy the fruits of his labors; and early one morning, not long after, the timbers of a .saw-mill w('re seen floating in the bay, no one professing to know how they came there, and it is supposed to have been in some way comiected with .yiin'/iial DKini/isfatioiii!, more especially as spirits were often brought in ((uantities to the village of Clayton for smuggling into Canada. The i)roprictors of Penet's Scpiare Corners, on the Bay of French creek, near Clayton village, anticipating that this property would possess value as the site for a village, subdivided four of the mile .squares neari'st the corner, the one on the bay into sixty-four lots of ten acres each, and the three others into sixteen lots of forty acres each. In balloting for a division, each owner drew a jn-oportionate number of these lots, which, like the large tract, were num- bered from west to east, and back, eommencing.at the north- west and ending at the southwest corners. The expecta- tions of the proprietors were never realized, for uo village ever existed there. THE SETTLEME.NT OK THE TOWN. In 1799* there was a single log hut in the town, at French Creek (Clayton), probably that of some timber thieves, who plundered the frontier without restraint or limit during many years before any one appeared to show title. Nathan Ford, the pioneer of Ogdensbtirgh, in a let- ter to Samuel Ogden on this subject, dated December 27, 1799, wrote : " There arc scvoriil persons now cutting timlicr upon the two upjier townships. I hnie no authority to say anvlliing aljout llie miittir, Hough's Uistory of St. Lawrence County, p. 2C2. but vast injury will take jtlace upon the townsliips, ami if there are not measure.1 taken iuiniediatcly, not Ics.s than thirty or forty tliou- sand staves, over anJ above the square timljer wiiieh is now getting, will be tnken off. Mr. Wilkins took down the names of several who pretended to settle ; their motive was only stealing off the timber. The thing is now working as I told him would be the ease, and if something is not done about this business great destruction will arise. An cxam]de ought to be made; and this cannot ho done without send- ing an otficer from Fort Stanwix. They have got the timber so boldly that they say there is no law that can be executed upon them here." To Gouverneur Morris he wrote, July 1(1, ISOO: " T was in hopes I should have heard something about tlie road before now. If there were a land communication to the Mohawk river, we should all exjiericnce less depredations. The ditbeulty of a communication to the southern jiart of the Stiite is well known to the timber thieves, and they count upon the almost impossibility of bringing them to justice." As these lands were not within Ford's jurisdiction, he could only ad-vise in the matter ; but in one or two instances in which he was directly interested he adopted a course that put an effectual stop to these robberies. In the ]Mirti(in of this town embraced in Penet's Square there was more of this lawless plunder, because for several years after the tract began to settle there was no resident agent or acknowledged owner. This state of things led to many abuses, and gave rise to incidents that will be specified in our account of Orleans, which then comprised the whole tract. As before stated, the first permanent settlement was made by one Bartlett in 1801 or 1802. In 1803, Smith & Delamater, land agents, came in, but only remained long enough to attend to their business. In 1816, Nathaniel Norton, Jr., who had previously been a merchant at Russia, New York, came as agent of C. H. and E. Wilkes, owners of twelve thousand acres on Penet's Square, and adjoining the present village of Dcpauville.'j" It is related of him that while residing in Herkimer county he became so eccen- tric that his friends got his means placed in the hands of the comptroller. On one occasion he required some money. He went to the comptroller and got into convcr.salion with him, in the course of which he was asked whether he knew a man down his way named Nathaniel Norton. He did not answer, but kept up the talking, and was invited to dinner. lie made quite a ])leasitig impression on the comp- troller, and finally told liim that he was N. Norton, Jr., and in(|uired whether he acted in.sane or eccentric. The official answered in the negative, and finally restored him control of his property. In 1817, Phineas Osborn, father of Thomas S., Schuyler, and Phineas A. Osbiu'n, came in from Herkimer county and settled about three miles northwest of Dcpauville, on what is known as Elm Flat. The three sons above named arc all residents of the town. Schuyler lives in the village of Dcpauville, where he has dwelt since about 1832. In 1818, Jeiry Carter came in and settled near Clayton Centre. He came with his father, who will be remembered as a good hunter, and the teller of marvelous stories con- nected with his hunting expeditions. In 1819, James D. Gloyd came in with his father, Amos, and settled on lot No. 39, within forty rods of where he (James D.) now resides. They came from Vermont. In 1820, Adam Fry came from Denmark, Lewis county, New York, and f His power of attorney is dated June 20, 1820. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 145 settled on the farm now occupied by George Hawes. He has been a continuous resident in tlie town ever since, and now lives with his daugliter, Mrs. Diana Thompson. In 1824, Gaylord Enos came from Herkimer county and settled on the farm now occupied i>y William 15axter. He jiurchased the first fifty acres of Depau, and improved the land, purchasing; more from time to time, and finally erected the fine hou.sc that now stands on the place. Among other old settlers might be mentioned Jerry Carter, Jo.scph Adams, Daniel Abbey, William Thompson, J. Wilson Wright, Thomas Faire, E. M. Winslow, Alfred Fox (for many years supervisor, justice of the peace, and local leader of the l\'moeratic party), Lutiu'r Rrown, A. Buskirk, Solomon Ingalls, Hosea Randolph, Dixon, Aniips Richards, James Botlicl, Davis, iSIajor Abiatlui Joy, James Rankin, Tiidiuas Fetteriy. The last nine were soldiers in tlu; war of 177(5. Repeated inipiiry has failed to a.'*ccrlain anytliing definite concerning any of these, except Tliomas Fetteriy. lie was born in Mont- gomery county. New York, in the year 17(>4, and entered the service at the age of fourteen. He acted as waiter in the ofiicers' mess, and had the honor, he averred, of waiting on General Washington on several occasions. He removed to the town of Clayton in 18i57, and died there in 1841. His brother, Peter Fetteriy, and father of Mrs. L. Staring, served in the war of 1812 as a regular soldier at Ogdens- burgh ; and a son of Mrs. Staring, Jonas, sacrificed his life in the service of his country in the rebellion of 1861-G5. The above facts constitute a commendable record. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. The town of Clayton, which embraces two-fifths of Penet's Square from the west side, with a small tract mirth and a triangular gore west of that patent, was detached from Orleans and Lyme and organized into a separate town ]>y an act of (lie State legislature, approved April 27,1833. The first town-meeting was held at the house of Isaac L. Carter on the 4th of June following. The name w:is given in honor of Hon. John M. Clayton, United States Senator from Delaware. At the first town-meeting the following were elected : Hubbell Fox, supervisor ; B. F. Faxton, clerk ; Gurdon Caswell and Stcjihen JIartin, justices of the peace ; Jesse Noyes, Abram Burdick, Bariah Carpenter, Jr., assesisors ; Caleb Closson, James Barney, overseers of the poor ; Samuel P. Payne, Lloyd 15. Farrar, and Elkanah Corlin, com- missioners of highways ; Alfred Fox, John Cousard, Jr., and Joseph Mason, commissioners of common schools ; Josiah Farrar, David Baker, and B. F. Faxton, inspectors of common schools ; Erastus Warner, collector ; Erastus Monroe, T. Ilaskill, Sydney Spencer, and Eldridgc G. Tilton, constables. SUPERVISORS. Hubbdl Fox, 1833-34; Edward C. Bancroft, 1835; Eldridgc G. Merrick, 1836-38; Henry D. Van Camp, 1839; E. G. Merrick, 1840-41 ; Woodbridge C. George, 1842; Alfred Fox, 1843-44; E. G. Merrick, 1845; Al- fred Fox, 1840; Erastus Warner, 1847 ; James Plumb, 1848; Alfred Fox, 184!»-52 ; Alfred Fox, lSr)3— ; Luke E. Frame, elected at a special town-meeting to till vacancy; Luke E. Frame, 1854-58; John W. Ingalls, 1859-61 ; Elijah McCarn,.1862-64; James Johnson, 181)5-66 ; John Johnston, 18()7-71 ; Richard M. Esselstyn, 1872 ; John JohiLSton, 1873-76; Richard M. Es.selstyn, 1877. The present town-officers are R. M. Esselstyn, super- visor; Richard Terry, clerk; Michael Cantwell, Alfred Fox, Richard M. Esselstyn, Eli J. Geeber, justices of the peace; Levi C. Otis, assessor; Thomas Walt, collector; G. A. Diefcndorf, Jacob Putnam, Perry Caswell, town auditors; Enos G. Otis, Lewis Lingenfelter, Stcjihen Butts, Sr., commissioners of highways ; Sullivan Smith, Lewis W. Eddy, Sidney McCarn, constables; Abrani W. Hollenback, game constable; Elijah McCarn, excise com- missioner; George Haas, Jr., Ama.sa E. Dodge, Francis Forbes, inspectors of election district No. 1 ; Hiiratio N. Estes, Seebcr Mc('arn, Solon H. Johnson, insjiectors of election district No. 2. The first ini]iriivcinents of a general character were made in and aniun by 40, but during the ]iniprietor- ship of Mr. Rees it was elianged to 24 by 3G, and restored to its former and jiresent size by Mr. Ames in March, 187fi. The liiih iiniihiit is an ably-edited and live family weekly, and enjoys, as it deserves, a liberal patronage. ' As its title implies, it is inde]iendent in all things. THE BANK OF CLAYTON. Tills institution was cstabli.shed by A. F. Barker and R. P. Grant, October 1, ]87() ; the former gentleman occu- pies the position of president, (he latter tliat of cashier. It is a bank of deposit and discount, and docs a general bank- ing business. It sells drafts on New York and Watertown, and is noted for the promptitude with which it makes col- lections. Financially, the concern is sound, being good for one hundred cents on the dollar every time. THE CLAYTON CORNET BAND. This excellent musical organization was formed in Au- gust, 1874, under the able instruction of II. M. Lewis, of Watertown. The first officers elected were, Thomas B. Bell, jiresident; S. H.Johnson, secretary and treasurer; Ernest Walt, leader; James Coueli, H. E. Gates, and C. A. Ellis, finance committee; W. O. Bennett, M. Vandc- walker, and J. B. Flynn, executive committee. The amouut of ?249 was subscribed by the citizens, wiiicli, with a small amount advanced by the band, bought the first .set of instruments. In 1875 the members equipped themselves with a neat and tasty uniform, at a cost of -5500. In 1S7G they ]iur- chased an entire new set of instruments, made by the Bos- ton Musical Institute Manufactory, which cost about §600. They liave expended about S2000 sinee tlicir organization, all of whicli they have paid with their own earnings, and without financial assistance from the citizens. The liand- room is located in the hall of the Potter block, which tliey have leased for five years, and they have one of the finest practicing rooms in the county. The band at present numbers fifteen pieces, and consists of the following members, namely : Ernest Walt, E-flat clarionet ; J. B. Flynn, first E-flat cornet ; Richard Dris- coll, second E-fiat cornet; Milo Walt, first B-flat cornet; John Thibault, second H-flat cornet; S.J. McCarn, first E-flat alto; C. A. Ellis, .second E-flat alto; E.J. Harlow, first B-flat tenor; H. Potter, .second B-flat tenor; C. W. Sumner. B-flat baritone; S. M. Johns(jn, bas.so trombone ; W. O. Bennett, E-flat tuba ; Truman Pcrigo, side drum ; A. R. Brookor, basso drvim ; Carl Wilson. cynd)als. The Clayton band is an institution of which the citizens are justly proud. The members have manifested a com- mendable desire to become proficient in their respective parts, and by unusual diligence and persevering energy have acf|uired an enviable reputation among the best bands in the State. To the strange reader tills may seem jiecu- liarly the language of eulogy, but, having heard them both practice and play, we speak whereof we know. THE CLAYTON RUllAL CEMETERY ASSOCIATION was formed in 1855, for purposes explained in the sub- joined extract from the records, and by those whose names arc appended thereto : " We the unilcisijjncil. for the purpose of securing suitable lands, ami holding them to be used e.\elusi\eljy- for a cemetery or jjlacc for the burial of the dead, and the better to jirotcct, improve, and em- bellish .«uch cemetery grounds, do form ourselves into an association under and neeording to an act entitled ' An act authorizing the incor- poration of rural cemetery associations,' ))nsscd .Vpril 2". 184", and acts sinee passed amendatory thereto. {Siijuctl) L. A. Hui.t, Thomas Rees, V. A. I!kxjami.\, IIk.skv Ks.ski.stvn, Daxikl Poktkii, Xciia BaTKS, I'KIiUV CasW KLI., .Jons CaIIV, S. W. VlNCK.NT, Jon.s Oa»ks, Amos Ei.i.is, John RKoron, Au.vku Kkkvks, W. Smith, A. R. Calvin." The first trustees were James F. Angel, Henry Essel- styn, Y. A. Benjamin, Luther Eddy. A. R. Calvin, Thomas Rees, John Cary, A. M. Brush, and John W. Fowler. James F. Angel was chosen president ; A. R. Calvin, vice- president ; Henry E.'^selstyn, treasurer ; and V. A. Benja- min, secretary. The present trustees are R. M. Esselstyn, Thomas Rees, Dr. Amos Ellis, James Johnson, Luther Eddy, S. G. Johnston, R. G. Angel, A. F. Barker, and Dr. A. Bain. D. C. Porter is secretary and warden. The total number of interments up to September 20, 1877, was 402. The grounds are neatly laid out and very tastefully kept. LODGE NO. 290, F. AND A. M., was organized February 7, 1853, with the following oflicers : James Green, W. M. ; J. D. Aug'sbury, S-. W. ; 0. W. Cushman, J. W. ; T. M. Reade, Treasurer; L. J. Rice, Secretary. The lodge has worked continuously since its organization, and now has a membership of 90. The pres- ent officers are 11. E. .Mor.«e, W. .M. ; Wm. H. Rees, S. W. ; D. L. Laikins, J. W. ; Perry Caswell, Treasurer ; T. G. Rees, Secretary. THE TEMPERANCE REFOR.M CLIU of Clayton was organized .\pril 18, 1^^77. Its first officers were Dr. H. A. Mcllmoyl, I'rcsident; 11. M. Esselstyn, 350 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. First Vice-President ; Albert Brooker, Second Vice-Presi- dent ; C. E. Gillett, Third Vice-President ; W. P. Hawes, Secretary ; C. II. Es.sel.styii, Assistant Secretary ; W. W. Ames, Treasurer; and Rev. A. W. Cady, Ciiajilain. The present officers are R. M. Esselstyn, President ; H. A. Mc- Ilmoyl, First Vice-Pi-csidcnt ; H. Elliott, Second Vice- President; P. Caswell, Third Vice-President; John F. Ames, Secretary ; W. W. Ames, Treasurer ; Rev. A. W. Cady, Cha|ilain. The cluli now lias a nicmbcrship of 175. Its operations have been attended with very gratifying re- sults, and niiieh future usefulness may be reasonably antici- pated. DEPAUVILLE is pleasantly situated on Chaumont river, at the head of boat navigation, and six miles above Chaumont bay. It received its name in honor of Francis Depau, an importing merchant and capitalist of New York, who purchased fif- teen lots in Penet's Square. This place at first bore the name of Catfi.sh Falls, by which it is still occasionally called. The creek above the place is still called Catfish creek ; hence the original name of the village. The first iinjirovcmcnt was begun by Simon and Jared White, who came on as trespassers to get out lumber, but, being warned off by the agent, left a large amount of hewn timber, that rotted on the ground. From this place they removed to Three-Mile Point, on Chaumont bay, where, after a short sojourn, they started in May, 1817, for the west in an open boat. The party consisted of the brothers, their mother, wives, and children, — eleven in all, — and had arrived in Hounsfield, a mile or two beyond Sacket's Harbor, where they put up for the night. After leaving this place they were never seen alive. There were many dissolute soldiers and .sailors lounging about the neighborhood. Their boat was found robbed of household goods, several hundred dol- lars which had been in the po.sscssion of the men were gone, and their bodies exhibited unmistakable marks of violence. The children were found drowned, but the bodies of the women were never found. These circumstances warranted the belief of robbery and murder ; but, although the excite- ment was intense and general, nothing occurred to settle suspicion upon any party sufficient to warrant an arrest. In 181G, Nathaniel Norton, Jr.,* who had previously been a merchant at Russia, New York, catfie as agent of C. II. and E. Wilkes, owners of 12,000 acres on Penet's S(|uare anl. E. CHURCH OF CLAYTON. Religious meetings according to the doctrines of the Methodist Episcopal church were held in private dwellings and the school-house in Clayton village as early as 1834 ; and the following year a small class was formed, of which Perry Caswell was appointed class-leader. It was not until 1840, however, that the society was regularly organized. Among the early members were Jane C. Merrick, J. N. Fowler and wife, Perry Caswell and wife, Fairfield Har- ford, Uri Raymond and wife, Susan Ingenson. Edward Kel- logg, John Wilson, Ansou Fowler and wife, and others. The first trustees were E. C. Merrick, John N. Fowler, Perry Caswell, John WiKson, Fairfield Harford, Wood- bridge C. George, and Adonijah Brush. At first Clayton was part of a circuit, and had preaching one-half daj' every alternate week. The Rev. H. F. Stan- ton was one of the earliest preachers. The church edifice was erected in 1840; it is built of wood, with a spiral tower, and is capable of seating about 350 persons. Its 352 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. value is $3000 ; parsonacte, $2500 ; making a total value of church property, §5500. The present trustees are Perry Caswell, Jaim'S Hayes, Alau-son P. Rogers, Benjamin Kent, James W. Thompson, James Johnson, and Simeon G. Johnston. The incumbent pastor is Rev. E. S. Cheese- man ; membership, 114. A SuiKlay-school was oVLraiiized about cotemporary with the church, with Mrs. William II. Angel and Mrs. E. J. Merrick as superintendent and assist- ant. The present number of teachers is 20 ; scholars, 160; Suj)urintendent, J. W. Thompson. The church and Sunday-school are reported in a prosperous condition. THE PiaST BAPTIST CHURCH OP CLAYTON was organized October 6, 1840, with D. D. Calvin, Henry Hurlburt, Henry Walt, E. Bushnell, and A. R. Calvin, trustees. It consisted of seventeen persons, mo.st of whom were formerly members of the La Fargevillc Baptist church. The subjoined is a list of the constituent members: James D. Gloyd, Lucinda Gloyd, Henry Walt, Edward Burchel, Frances R. Burchel, Abiatha Joy, Almira Shela, Hcla Car- penter, Olive Carpenter, Sarah Smith, Cyrus Noyes, Lyman Fox, Mi-8. L. Fox, Mrs. D. D. Calvin, John Cook, Henry Hurlburt, and Jlrs. C. Noyes. Cyrus Noyes was the first deacon. Upon the same day with the formation of the cliurch, E. G. Blount, of Clayton, was ordained pastor. For one year or more the church met once in two weeks, for worship, in the old stone school-house. Elder Blount's ministrations were blessed to the growth of the little church, and about fifty were converted duriu'j: the first year of its existence. The church, in connection with tlie Methodists, built the present edifice owned and occupied by the latter society. Here they worshiped till the summer of 1S47, when the Baptists sold their share in the above-mentioned building to the Jlethodists, and jmn-hased the present site and erected the edifice now known as the Baptist church. It was built during the summer of 1S47, is of wood, size 52 by 40, and has a seating capacity of 400 persons ; cost, $2000. It was dedicated to the service of God, Septem- ber 15, 1847, the Rev. Lorenzo Rico preaching the dedica- tory sermon from Psalm xxvii. (j. Elder Blount continued his labors with the church for twelve years, and it numbered at the close of his pastorate 118 persons. G. W. Divoll succeeded him, and remained with the church until August, 1862. Reverends H. E. Real, E. M. Buyrn, J. W. Henry, and a second term of Elder E. J. Blount were the succes- sive ])astors until 1876. In May of that year, A. W. Cady, i)f Hamilton Tiieological Seminary, became the pas- tor of the church. He was ordained July 20. 1876, and is the present incumbent. The church has been much re- duced by removals; it.s present membership is Ci'.i. The trustees are J. D. Gloyd, W. A. Dye, J. M. Bennett, Wm. II. Consaul, and A. Kendall, Jr. A flourishing Sunday- school is connected with the church, which numbers 80 scholars. Its officers are J. M. Bennett, superintendent ; L. E. Bennett, assistant superintendent ; T. J. llecs, secre- tary; and Rev. A. W. Cady, treasurer. CIIRI.ST PROTESTANT KPISrOPAL ( 111 KCIl of Clayton was organizi'd i>n the lUtli (if August, 1868, with the Kiv. Henry R. Lockwuod, now of St. Paul's, Syracuse, as rector. A meeting for the purpose of per- fecting the permanent organization of the parish was held in the Good Templars' liall, on the above date, at which the following persons were present: John Johnston, Lyman E. Phillips, Charles M. Marshall, F. M. Brush, A. M. Brush, and George W. Seymour. At this meeting were elected John Johnston and Lyman E. Phillips, church wardens; Luther Eddy, C. M. Marshall, F. M. Brush, A. F. Barker, and Thomas Rees, vestrymen. On March 1, 1861I, jilans for a church building, donated by T. W. Rich- ards, architect, of I'hiladelphia, Pennsylvania, were ac- cepted; and on June 27 of the same year the vestry ordered the preparing of the lot for the construction of the church, and on August 23 the building was begun. Mean- while the work of construction progressed as rapidly as means would allow. Many valuable donations were made, by residents and others, of building-materials, black walnut for furniture and trimmings and chancel-furniture, and memorial windows. The building was occu])ied as finished, October 1, 1876. It is a handsome brick edifice, of Gothic architecture, and hiis a seating capacity for about 250. The vestry own an eligible site for a parsonage, contiguous to the church. The rectors of the church have been the Reverends H. R. Lockwood, J. O. Drumm, Alexander Rogers, and Charles Seymour, A.M., the present incumbent, who ac- cepted the call to the rectorship February 16, 1876. The present (1877) wardens are 0. W. Smith and A. Bain ; vestrymen, Richard M. Esselstyn, Thomas Rees, Lewis Elliott, S. Decatur Johnston, and Luther Eddy. The pres- ent membership is 60 families; 56 coiumunic;ints. The Sunday-school was formed in 1867, by Mi.ss Flor- ence Benjamin, in a private dwelling, with four scholars. The present number of scholars is 40 ; teachers, 8 ; super- intendent, the rector. LA PARGEVILLE MISSION (EPISCOPAL). This mission is placed under the charge of the rector of Christ church, Clayton, and has by this means for several years past obtained public ministrations. Services are held in the M. E. church building. An appropriate site for a church edifice has been secured, excavations for a founda- tion been made, plans for a neat building adopted, and part of the materials furnished. It is anticipated that the structure will be begun and finished within a year. The mission has 18 communicants. THE OEU.MAN EVANdKI.ICAI, LUTHERAN CHURCH of Clavton and Orleans was formed Jlarch 11. 1841, with Henry Ha;i.s, Valentine Baldtiitf. and Nicholas Lchr, trus- tees. The society now has a neat bouse of worshi]) on the road between Dopauville and La Fargevillc. THE E\ANliELICAL ASSOCIATION of Clayton was organized December 21, 1841, with about fifty members. The first trustees were Valentine Dorr, Andrew Baltz, and John Haller. The first pastor was Rev. Ch. Hummel ; the present incumbent is Rev. H. Horn. The church has at present (1877 ) a membership of 7li ; nuniber of teachers and scholars in the Sunday- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 353 school, 40; Superintendent, Frank Vickers. Present trus- tees, Frank Vickers, Michael Lshr, and John Haller. The church and Sunday-school are both reported prosperous. ST. Mary's roman catholic church at Clayton was organized in 1842, with the Rev. Franci.s Guth as pastor. Occasional services were held by mission- aries in private dwellings and in the school-house some years prior to the regular organization of the church. Among the early members wore Patrick Cuutwcll and famih', Thomas Breiinan and family, Thomas Delauey and family, Joseph Thibault, and others. The church building was erected the same year. It is of wood, worth about §3000, and will seat about 350 persons. There is also a parsonage adjoining the church, which is worth probably 82000. A new church edifice is to be erected during the ensuing year (1878). The pastors since the close of Father Gutli's labors with the church have been Reverends Michael Guth (brother of the first pastor), Luke Harney, James J. Sherry, Paul Sauuach, Michael Craven, Louis Arrens, M. J. Brown, and James J. Sherry, the present incumbent. The officers of the church are the Right Rev. Edgar P. Wadiiaus, Very Rev. James Mackey, Rev. James J. Sherry, Christopher Downs, and Hugh Hamel, trustees ; Thomas Dowdell, clerk ; George Thiboault, treasurer. The church numbers 800 communicants ; Sunday-school, GO scholars and 36 teachers. Both church and school reported prosperous. physicians. Dr. Amos Ellis has been in the practice of his profession as a physician of the regular school for forty-two years in Clayton. He is a native of Jefferson County, havir)g been born in Brownvillc, January !), 1810. He received his medical education at Fairfield, and subsequently studied with Walter Welch, M.D., at Adams, and began practicing in 1833. He is a member of the Jefferson County Medi- cal Society. Dr. William Frame located in Depauville in 1822, where he practiced until his death in September, 1847. He was educated in Herkimer countj'. New York, and commenced the practice of medicine in Russia, in that county, in 1804. His son, Luke E. Frame, M.D., now of Depauville, .studied the science under his father, and graduated at the Geneva medical college in 1844, and has been in practice in his present place of residence ever since. Solomon V. Frame, M.D. (son of Luke E. Frame), now a practicing physician of Clayton, is a graduate of the Buffalo medical college, class of 1863. Another son, Silas Wright Frame, M.D., 23 is a resident physician of Belleville, and is a graduate of Bcllevue Hospital medical college, of the class of 1875. Dr. H. A. Mcllmoyl is located also at Clayton. Dr. Aaron Sumner practiced in Depauville from 1830 to 1876. We are indebted to the following-named gentlemen for a.ssistance in the compilation of the above historj' of the town of Clayton: Thomas Rees, Amos Ellis, M.D., Jerry Carter, James F. and R. G. Angel, O. W. Smith, John Johnston, A. F. Barker, James D. Gloyd, Alfred Fox, Esq., Luke E. Frame, M.D., Thomius Faire, Captain Elliott, Perry Caswell, Erastus Wright, William Ba.Kter, E. J. Seeber, Esq., Schuyler Osborn, A. Buskirk, Richard Terry, H. E. Morse, R. M. Esselstyn, Esq., Revs. S. F. Danforth, A. W. Cady, James J. Sherry, aud others. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. JOHN JOHNSTON. Among the prominent early settlers of Jefferson County is he whose name heads this brief sketch. He was born in the village of Watertown, September 11, 1816, and has since resided in the county. In 1830 he removed to Clay- ton from Gape Vincent, and Ikls been a resident of the village from that time to the present. In the year 1846 he w;is appointed by Polk deputy collector of customs, and was removed in 1849 by reason of the change in the ad- uiinistration. He was again appointed under Pierce in 1853, and continued during that and the succeeding ad- ministration of Buchanan. In 18G1 he was again removed, owing to the change of the political aspect. He was elected supervisor in 1867, and served consecutively until 1871 ; then an interval of one year, and he was again elected, and served from '73 to '76. In 18G1-64 he served as justice of the peace. All of the above offices he filled to the satisfliction of the people. In 1874 he was the Democratic candidate for member of assembly, and received a very complimentary vote in his town, though, owing to the large regular Repub- lican majority, he was defeated in the district. Mr. Johnston has always taken an active part in politics, aud to no one man does the party in his town owe as much as to him. He is an indefatig-able worker, a good organizer, and a man thoroughly posted in political economy. He is an honest and upright citizen, and oue who generally enjoys the con- fidence of the community in which he has so long resided. (See portrait on another page.) ELLISBURG. This town, embracing Minos and Henderson (No. 6, as designated on the surveyor-general's map), was erected from Mexico into a township on Feb. 22, 1803; the first town- meeting being held at the house of Lyman Elli.s, at which the following town officers were chosen : Edward Boomer, supervisor ; Lyman Ellis, clerk ; Caleb Ellis and Amos B. Noyes, overseers of the poor ; Jeremiah ]Mason, Samuel Rhodes, and Benj. Boomer, commissioners of highways ; Matthew Boomer, constable and collector ; Abiah Jenkins, constable ; John Thomas, Christopher Edmonds, and Dyer McCumber, fence-viewers; C. Ellis, Jeremiah Mason, Timothy Harris, Benj. Boomer, D. McCumber, Joseph Holley, overseers of highways. Supervisors. — 1803, Edward Boomer; 1804—5, Lyman Ellis; 1806, Nathaniel Wood; 1807, L. Ellis; 1808-9, Joseph Allen; 1810, Oriraal Brewster; 1811-14, Lyman Ellis ; 1815-16, Ebenezer Wood ; 1817, L. Ellis ; 1818- 20, Pardon Earl; 1821, E. Wood; 1822-23, P. Earl; 1824-29, Wadsworth Mayhew ; 1830, Daniel Wardwell ; 1831-36, Jotham Bigelow ; 1837, Ezra Stearns; 1838, Samuel Hackley ; 1839, E. Stearns; 1840, Wm. C. Pierre- pont; 1841-42, Ezra Stearns; 1843, Wm. C. Pierrepont; 1844, John LittleBeld; 1845, James Jones; 1846-47, Wm. C. Pierrepont; 1848-49, John Clark ; 1850, Alvah Bull; 1851-52, James J. Steele; 1853-54, Alcander Dickinson; 1855, Dexter Wilder; 1856, E. B. Hawes ; 1857, Andrew J. Barney ; 1858-59, Alcander Dickinson ; 1800-61, George M. Hopkinson ; 1862, Albert G. Earl; 1863, George M. Hopkinson ; 1804-66, John B. Clark ; 1807, Albert G. Earl; 1868-69, John B. Clark; 1870- 73, William Baldwin; 1874^75, James E. Green ; 1876- 77, Isaac P. Wodell. Wolf bounties of S2.50 in 1803 ; of $15 in 1807-8 ; of $10 in 1811-12. In 1804-5, " Kesolved, that the method of voting shall be by each person's passing round and naming the persons he would wish to elect to fill the several offices." In 1816 voted to build a towii-hcjuse. This town derives its name from Lyman Ellis, of Troy, who settled as a proprietor in 1797, and who afterwards for several years acted as an agent. He died in town, March 13, 1847, aged 87. His character is briefly summed up in his epitaph : " Modesty, honesty, and charity adorned his walk in life." April 11, 1796, Marvel Ellis,* of Troy, N. Y., contracted with Wm. Constable for the purchase of this town, except- ing a marshy tract each side of Sandy creek, near the lake, which was afterwards included, and a tract of 3000 acres, • Marvel Ellis died in Utica in 1806, aged -IB; he removed there in 1803. 354 in the southwest corner, .sold to Brown & Eddy. The sum of $22,111.50 was paid, and a deed given, March 22. 1797, upon which a mortgage was given back upon the balance, amounting to 898,943.45. This mortgage embarrassed the early sales, and confidence was not restored until the proj)erty had reverted to the Constable estate, some years afterwards. The greater part of the town was surveyed by Calvin Guiteau in 1796, except the eastern part, that was sur- veyed by Nelson Doolittle, and the 3000-aere tract in 1800," by Benjamin Wright, of Rome; the latter, in 1808, sur- veyed the whole town. A proposition had been received from Moody Freeman for the jiurchase of the town, but a bargain was not effected. The town, including the marshes, which in dry seasons afford wild grass, but which are often flowed, contains 54,721 4 acres. The field notes of Guiteau, made in 1796, contain the following memoranda: Lot 2.3 (three miles above Ellis village). "About 5 chains west from the northeast corner are falls of ten or twelve feet, but not perpendicular more than four or 6ve feet, which -do not obstruct the salmon, as I found many above." Lot 34 (ne.\t west of 23). "About 20 chains from the we.«t line is a small fall in the creek, whore the water is confined to a narrow channel and then expands out, forming a depth of ten or twelve feet of water of a smooth, rocky bottom, and filled with inmimcrablc multitude of salmon, the clearness of the water being such that they may be seen in any part of it." In the spring of 1797, Jlarvel and Lyman Ellis, brothers, and both interested in the purchase, found their way into town, the latter with the view of permanent settlement. In the fall of the same year, Caleb Ellis, having met with Lyman Ellis at Rome, was casually introduced with the expectation that a relationship existed, but none was found; yet the interview resulted in an invitation to settle in the new town. Caleb Ellis accordingly visited the town, and selected a firm on the south branch of Sandy creek, at a place where one Waldo had the year previous erected a hut for hunting. Many men were employed by Lyman Ellis the stune season, who had at its close built a dam and saw-mill three- fourths of a mile below the jiresent site of Ellis village, and the mill was got in operation the same fall, but was partly swept off early the next spring by a flood. In the winter of 1797-8, Wm. Hieks, with Mr. Buller and B. Pierce, remained in town, and in the spring of 1798, Caleb Ellis and family, Robert Fulton, Elijah Richardson, Heze- kiali Pierce, Chauneey Smith, Win. Root, Vial Salisbury, Isaac Waddle, Abram Wilcox, two men by the nanu; of Thornton, and others, came into town with Lyman Ellis to rebuild the mill and erect a grist-mill ; but nearly all were HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 355 taken sick, and the pioneers were reduced to great suffering from want of provisions and ncc&ssury medical attendance. To supply the place of mills, Mr. Ellis and his settlers constructed, after models of their own device, those primi- tive mortars used from necessity in all new settlements, and made by boring and biirnin;^ a cavity into the top of a hard wood stump, over which was suspended a pestle by a spring- pole. With mucli difficulty, during tlie season, the saw- mill was again fitted up and the dam rebuilt ; the iron and lieavy freight, as well as the furniture uf settlers, having been brought into town in open boats by way of Wood Creek and Oswego. On the 11th of September, 1798, Marvel Ellis wrote to Constable as follows : " We have a <^oorove the road from the bridge to the north line of No. 10. Dr. Dresser has but two patients, and there is less sickness than at any previous year in this season." The proprietors had adopted the practice of giving cer- tificates allowing people a certain time after exploring to go for their families before taking contracts, but it was found that in many cases these had been transferred, and this having grown into a sj'stem of speculation, was discon- tinued, as they were given to assist the first real settlers, and their transfer operated against the interests of both land-owners and settlers. About half of No. 1 was at this time sold. A reputed locality of iron ore was visited on No. 6 (Redfield), which was thought, upon examination, to be coal, but which, from the description given, must have been the oxide of manganese. One year afterwards (August 8, 1806), Mr. Constable, in going over this route, remarked, — " Passed from the Long Falls to the bridge at Indian River (Antwerp village), where we spent the night. The country generally remains as last year, except at this place, where they are building a saw-mill for General Lewis R. Morris, who has gone to Vermont, his family not having yet moved to this town." The same journal (August, 1806), speaking of the settlements in Ellisburg, says, "From Asa Brown's passed on to Andrews' settlement, on Ellisburg. through a very good road, 4 miles. He has made considerable improvement here. The s.aw-miU has been long in use, and has enabled them to erect frame houses, some good barns, and a large grist-mill, which is, however, not yet finished, and after dinner walked to see the lake, which, as the wind blew fresh from the west, had a very pleasing ap- pearance. . . . Ellis rents the mills for $400 per annum, and his affairs will soon be in good order. . . . We heard with great concern the death of Elder Littlefield, which happened a few days before our arrival. He was a man of some consequence and much respected, and has left a widow and nine children. It is supposed he died intestate. . . . There have been some cases of sickness during the season, but none fatal. Dr. Draper is still on the town, and has con- siderable practice. He will continue here, and hopes to build a house next year, when he will require a deed for the 50 acres of land to which he is entitled. I should have remarked that 180 militiamen trained here yesterday (September 2), and it is said by some that one- third were absent. If so, the population has greatly increased." January 22, 1803, George Tibbets and James Dole, of Troy, were appointed agents for Ellisburg, and in 1807 were paid for their services in land. In the same year, Benjamin Wright, of Rome, succeeded as general agent for the estate, and fixed his residence at Pulaski, where he continued in the capacity of surveyor and agent until employed on the canal surveys. No incident worthy of remark occurred until 1808, when the embargo act was passed; that led to much opposition from the Federal party in this county, and was in some places on this frontier systematically violated. In September, 1808, an event occurred in this town that created great excitement at the time. We take it from accounts published in the Allmny Guzitte, Oct. 10, 180S. A party from Oswego, under Lieutenant Asa Wells, entered Sandy Creek, and after seizing a quantity of potash, under the embargo laws, proceeded to the house of Capt;iin Fair- field, surrounded it, and seized and carried away a swivel. 31 r. F. being absent, his lady made complaint to a justice, who issued a warrant. The constable was intimidated, and called upon his fellow-citizens to aid him, when about thirty men took arms and went with him, but Wells' men pre- sented bayonets, when they desisted, and twenty of the men went oflT. Lieutenant Wells ordered the remainder to be disarmed and bound, when they were taken, with the swivel, to Oswego. On the evening of the 25th of Septem- ber the same parly returned, as reported, for the purpose of r" m Resiolncz or I S.ELUSBUIiOjEFFCffSON Co. H. Y. Slld BuiLDiNas. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 357 taking the magistrate and constable who had issued the papers. A warrant against Wells and two others, for felony in breaking open a house, was issued at Sacket's Harbor, and given to Ambrose Pease, a constable, to exe- cute, who, after examining the law, raised the hue and cry, and assembled about 200 persons in Kllisburg, where a con- sultation of several magistrates was held, and the next day at sunrise about seventy or eighty men, armed and equipped, volunteered to aid in the arrest ; but the magistrates durst not issue the order for their march, being apprehensive that some excass or injury might be done, and the question having been raised whether a constable had a right to de- mand aid before he had been resisted, the armed men were advised to disperse, and the civil officer re((uested to proceed to apprehend Wells and the others, withimt the force of the county. This proceeding was charged by one of the political parties as an attempt of the other to resist, by fi)rce of arms, the execution of the laws, and mutual crimina- tions were exchanged with much bitterness. To justify themselves, and secure public opinion in their favor, the civil officers who had taken an interest in the matter pre- pared the following statement, which was published in the papers of the day, at Utica, Albany, and elsewhere : *'At a meeting of the inliaUitants of the county of Jeflferson, in the State of Now York, suddenly convened (by cominnnd of the civil authority) in the town of Ellishurg, to talce into consideration the ]>roper and legal mode to apprehend certain felons and robbers, who, in the town of Ellisburg in said county, being armed, and under the pretense of being in the service of the United States, to enforce the embargo laws, did there, violently and forcibly, enter into the dwell- ing-house of Captain Fairfield, broke open locks, forced open doors, and robbed the said Captain Fairfield of his property, contrary to the laws : that they refusering his farm, paying for help to clear it. On thb place he resided until after his fourteenth child was bora. Since 1S70 he has been a resident of Manns- TiDe. John Wilds, a native of Norton, Massachusetts, thirty miks from Boston, settled a mQe northeast of Ellis vjllase in 1824. He was a shoemaker by trade, and worked at that business while Hring on his farm. He was accom- panied to the town by his wife and seven children. His son, Benjamin P., is a resident of Ellb village. Fkidoo T. Whipple, a native of Rhode Island, and later a resident of Deerfieid, Oneida Co.. N. Y., located near the landing, on Sandy creek, in 1S03. In 1806 he removed to the farm now owned by his son, Georse Whipple, a short dtstance southeast of Ellis viUage. When he settled, he was accompanied by his wife and one child, and a son was born upon the place he settled that year. After that. and previous to 1 >4)6. be moved back to Deerfieid, in the ricinity of which pbce be remained a year, retumin" to EDisbtirg in 1806. During the War of 1312-15, he° be- longed to the militia of the town, and was at the battle of Sacket's Harbor. May 29, 1813. He died in 1814. One of bis sisters was married to Marvel Ellis. Mr. 'W hippie was a carpenter by trade, and came to Ell'isburg to work on the grist- and saw-milk of Lyman Ellis. These mills stood above the present '• Stone Mills," near where the dam now is. Jonathan 3Iatteson. a penjioner of the Revolution, and formMly from the State of Rhode Island, where four of his children were bora, and afterwards a resident and earlr settler of Chenango Co., .\. Y., came in 1S23, with his wife and eight children, and located in the northwest part of the tcwn of Ellisbarg, where he lived until Sept. 25, 1^6. when he died in the Soth year of his age. Some of his children emigrated to the western States, The elder two sons, Thomas and Jonathan, remored with their fami- lies in 1842 to Kane Co.. Hi., and settled near the rillage of St. Charles. Jonathan died at that place during the War of the Rebellion, and Thomas died in Grinnell, Iowa, in Angtist, 1S73. having reached a greater age than did his father. One son. the youngest, Samuel Matteson. is now living near the Wardwell settlement. Henry Green, a native of Stonington. Connecticut, came into Ellisbnrg in ISO", and in 1S09 settled two and one- half miles west of BeUeville. It is said there was then not a house between his place and Lake Ontario. Mr. Green was. after the War of 1812. colonel of a regiment of militia. During the war he served several times as a militiaman. His son. James E., is at present engaged in the mercantile business at Belleville. Amaziah Fillmore settled in the town of Ellisbnrg about 1810-11. His brother, Ethni Fillmore, located afterward in Mareh. 1S15. with his family. Several of the descend- ants of these men are now living in town. A third brother, John Fillmore, died in Vermont, His son, Joseph Fillmore, b at present a resident of Henderson, but lived for many years in the northwest part of EllLsburg. Willard Alverson, fivtm Halifax, Windham Co., Tt., lo- cated in the town of Henderson in February, 1817, and the fall of the same year removed to EUisburg. and made a permanent settlement on the farm where he now resides with his son, Wallace W. Alverson. For a short time after coming to thb town be lived with his uncle, Knight D. Reed, who had settled in Henderson several years pre- viously, and who removed to Ellisbnrg with Mr. Alverson. He was also from Windham Co., Yt. When Mr. Alverson came to his place in EUisburg a log hotise and a log bam were standing upon it, having been built probably by John Haskins, who then occupied it, and had made a small clear- ing. Mr. Haskins and his brother Joseph settled here twrether, and lived close by the lake-shore, where the land was then dry and fertile. Owing to the drifting of the sands the waters of Stony creek were diverted from their channel, and finally overflowed to such an extent that the family was obliged to move to a greater distance fir>m the lake. Some of the timbers of their old house, and part of the sweep used to draw water from their well, are yet stand- ing. The Haskins' made quite a business of burning lime, quarrying the stone ftx>m the outcropping strata in the vicinity, and the remains of the old lime-kiln are yet to be seen. The Haskins place was finally purchased by Samuel Matteson, now living near the Wardwell settlement, north of Pierrepont Manor. John Haskins' son Horace emigrated to Sycamore, De Kalb Co., III., where he now resides. Salmon D., John, and Aaron Blanchard, with their father, located in the town of Henderson some time pre- vious to 1817, and afterwards removed to EUisburg, where the elder Blanchard erected a blacksmith-shop, west of the present Alverson place. Two of the sons. Aaron and John, built a saw-mill on Big Stony creek, in Henderson, below Henderson village. The three sons afterwards went west, .\aron and John driving through to Illinois with their teams, and settling at St. Charles, Kane Co., and Salmon ffrs. or ANDRLW A. WH£ELER,M*'.w-uf.auseu/ffr. MAEOUS JUDSON was bom in Monroe, Fair- field county, Connecticut, April 21, 1802. His fath- er was Stiles Judson, the son of Ezekiel Judson, of the same place. Mr. Judson moved to f Champion, Jefferson Coun- | tj, N. Y., in 1820. He was | married December 9, 1824, ] to Susan Coughlan. Two • years thereafter, in the fall ' of 1826, he lost his father, mother, two sisters, and brother-in-law, all within nineteen days. He has one brother and two sisters still living. In 18-10, he moved from Champion to Lowville, Lewis County, N. Y. In 1871 he moved to Mannsville, where he now resides. By trade, Mr. J. is a carpenter and joiner. In politics, up to the time of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, he was a Democrat, since which time he has voted with the Repub- lican party. He has been a member of the church since 1832. He hius n^tired from all active business, having, by a life of industry and strict economy, accumulated an ample competence. His resi- dence and grounds in Manns- ville, ■■'. sketch of which ap- peal's below, are among the finest iu the town of Ellis- buig. MARCUS JUDSON . ^: >. . "fijft*- Resioenc£ of UARCUS JUDSON, Mak JlffttfMOH CWIHTY. K. Y ilSBUff&. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 359 locating later in the State of Wisconsin, where he now re- sides. Aaron is yet living at St. Charles, where John recently died. Aaron and John learned the blacksmithing trade, and both worked at it after going west. The former afterwards worked at the carpenters' trade. Ellisburg has sent a number of her people to Illinois and Wisconsin, those in the former State all locating near St. Charles, where they have accumulated considerable property, now of value owing to its proximity to the city of Ciiicago, and the quality and quantity of its agricultural productions. Rufus Richardson, one of General Washington's life- guards during the Revolution, setted in town very early. He died Sept. 16, 1841, aged 81, and was followed by his wife, who had reached the age of 90, on June 4, 1851. Their son Freeman, now also deceased, was a soldier of 1812. The old Richardson farm is in the northwest part of the town. William W. Walker, another old settler of Ellisburg, died in 1832. Zephaniah Penney and George Reed (father of Knight D. Reedj were also early settlers of the town. Samuel Dean located in March, 1810, on the farm now owned by Charles Eastman. He was from Chester, Wind- ham Co., Vt., and was accompanied by his wife, five sons, and two daughters. The place upon which he settled was originally taken up by Simeon Daggett, from Westmore- land, N. H., who had made some improvements. Mr. Dean's daughter, now Mrs. Amos E. Wood, came out in February, 1812, after her mother's death, which occurred in December, 1810. The Eastman, Mason, Hoisington, Wodell, Noble, and other families were among the early settlers, and some of the finest farms and best improvement,s in town are now owned by their descendants. Many whose names have been forgotten, and of whom no record has been kept, were at an early day residents of the town, and afterwards moved awaj'. EARLY ROADS. The first road which is described on the town-records was laid out Oct. 7, 1803, and is recorded as follows: " Be- ginning near the end of a road cut out on the Sixth Town from Levi Schofield's to Hungry Bay, and where said road intersects a division-line of Great Lot 54 on said town ; thence (by courses given in description) to the south line of the town of Adams, meeting a road laid out by the com- mi.ssioners of said town to the said line." Following is the survey of a road " laid out by the com- missioners of highwuy.s for the town of Ellisburg, in said town, Dec. 20, 1803. Beginning at the road near the house of Lyman Ellis, on the north line of lot No. 70, thence north 81° west along said line 104 chains and 66 links, until it intersects the road laid out from Christopher Ed- munds' to the town of Adams." A road was laid out May 12, 1804, surveyed by Lyman Ellis, " Beginning on the east line of lot No. 25 in said town, where the road th.it is laid out running from Jere- miah M;iS()n"sto Joseph Ilolley's intersects .said line ; thence north along said line 154 chains and 75 links, until it in- tersects the road leading from Asahel Hoisington's up to the south side of the north branch of the Great Sandy creek, to the town of Adams, laid out by actual surveys." Another road, laid out Aug. 30, 1804, and al.so surveyed by Lyman Elli-s, is described as follows : " Beginning at the south line of the town of Adams, at the southeast cor- ner of William Thomas' land, at the south end of a road laid out on the town of Adam.s, at a ' Small Beech Saplin;' thence south 45° west, 5 chains, to a maple-tree standing on the line of the road laid out by the commissioners of the town of Elli.sburg in the year 1803." A ro.id laid out June 21, 1804, surveyed by Lyman Ellis, was as follows : " Beginning on the lot No. 76, at the mouth of Bear creek, so called, thence (by bearings given) to the west lineof town.ship No. 1,5} miles and 15 chains." Another road, laid at the same time, is recorded as " Be- ginning on the ridge, so called, where the road leading from the mouth of Bear creek, so called, to the west line of town.ship No. 1, cros.ses said Ridge; thence (by bearings given) to the south branch of Big Sandy creek, and to the road by Mr. Isaac Burr's." At a special town-meeting, held July 24, 1813, the fol- lowing-named persons were chosen as the Jirst sclutol com- missioners and inspectors for the town of Ellisburg: Com- missioners, Oliver Scott, Elijah Woodworth, William Case; Inspectors, George Andrus, Lyman Ellis, George Jenkins. Oliver Scott was released from the position of school com- missioner, and Asa Averill appointed in his place. In 1813 and 1814 the town was divided into seventeen school districts, and public school buildings were first erected during those years. Schools had previously been taught by subscription, in houses built in the same way, or in any buildings which could be conveniently used. The first school-house is mentioned in " Constable's Journal," at the date August 9, 1805. LAKE VIEW HOUSE. In the spring of 1874, a neat and commodious framo hotel was built by Stephen Wood on the shore of North Pond, for the accommodation of people seeking a pleasant summer resort. The building cost about fifteen hundred dollars. The locality is a fine one for fishing and boating, and in the spring and fall for shooting wild-fowl. During these seasons hunters come to the place in considerable numbers. The present proprietor of the establishment is Mr. Wood's son, George M. Wood, who has made the place one of favorite resort to pleasure-seekers, and has a lurge custom. A good view of Lake Ontario is here obtained, looking out across the pond. DAIRYING INTEREST^ Within the limits of town there are at present a dozen establishments for the manufacture of cheese, and the in- habitants realize from this branch of industry a constant and considerable profit. The following are among the more important factories now carried on : Mannsville Cheese- Factory. — This institution was started by Messrs. Shepherd & Grenell in 1863, and operated by them for two or three years. The present proprietor is E. L. Stone. During the months of September and October, 1877, the average daily receipt of milk was about 7000 pounds, but as high as 14,000 pounds were received daily earlier in the season. Eleven cheeses daily was the fall 3G0 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. mannfacture of this year, weighing sixty pounds each. Tlie factory is run by steam, and contains four vats and thirty presses. Two hands employed besides the proprietor. Build- ing, frame. Ellis Village Factory. — Frame building, erected in 1 869, by James Rogers. Pre.sent proprictore, Touslcy & Reynolds. Average daily receipt of milk for season of 1877 about 6000 pounds. In October of this year manufacturing eight 60-pound cheeses daily. Factory operated by steam. Graves Factory, northeast of Ellis village, on road to Pierreport Manor, built some twt^lve or fifteen years ago by Melvin Stearns. Present proprietor, Peleg Graves. Ten to twelve chee.ses per day have been made at this factory, but only two being made daily in October, 1877. Build- ing, a small frame. Bellivillc Factory. — The building now occupied by this establishment is a large frame structure originally erected by Matteson Freeman for a earriagc- and wagon-storehouse and manufactory. The present proprietors (October, 1877) are J. W. Overton and 0. and A. Ingraham. Average daily receipts for the season of 1 877 about 7000 pounds. Largest number of cheeses made any day during the .sca.son 19. Making in October, seven daily. Products of this factory sold generally at the building to buyers from New York, and shipped to that city. There is a large factory near the Wardwell settlement, and others of more or less importance throughout the town. IMPROVED STOCK. James Brodie, a native of Scotland, left her " banks and braes" in 1846 and emigrated to America. He brought with him the thorough knowledge, enterprise, and experi- ence of a successful, practical Scotch farmer and stock- breeder, and was therefore prepared to embark in the enter- prise of introducing improved stock and developing it in liis adopted country. Within a few years he entered into the business, and the following are the importations with wliich he has been connected : In 1851 the world-renowned Ayrshire bull, " Kelburn," and the cow, "Mary Gray," whose record at local. State, and National exhibitions stands unrivaled. In 1853 one pair of Yorkshire swine was im- ported, and during the .same year Messrs. Brodie, Converse, and Ilungerford imported seven short-horns, four Ayr- shirDs, and twenty-two Leicester sheep. In 1854, Messrs. Brodie and Hungerford imported four Ayrshire, three short- liorns, and thirteen sheep. In 1856 ten Leicester sheep and one York.shire boar were brought out by the same gentlemen. In 1861, Messrs. Brodie and Campbell im- ported five Ayrshire cattle, together with sheep and swine, and in 1864 three Ayrshire bulls. In 1871, Messrs. Brodie and Converse made the most extensive importation of Ayr- shire cattle ever made in the State, embracing twenty-five head, carefully selected from the herds of t«n of the most distinguished breeders in Scotland ; also eight Shetland ponies from the Shetland Islands, and a York,shire boar i'rom England. Mr. Hugh Brodie has personally superintended the im- portation of nearly all the improved stock brought into the country, having crossed the Atlantic nine times; and tho skill and judgment evinced in his selections have been the subjects of praiseworthy comment from the best judges on the continent. From the Yorkshire swine imported by jVIessrs. Brodie and Converse has sprung the " Improved Cheshire," or "Jefferson County Hog," so well known throughout the county and State, and in other portions of the Union. Messrs. Brodie and Converse have, for about ten years, been engaged to some extent in breeding Clydesdale horses, and own one of the only two establishments in tho State for breeding Shetland ponies, the other being near Buffalo, owned by the Widow Lord. The records of the various local exhibitions, from the time of the first importation to the present, bear gratifying testimony of success, and out- side of local and State shows, the herds of ]NIessrs. Brodie and Converse have been successfully represented at tlie National .show at Boston, at Chicago, Cincinnati, St. Louis, and in Canada. These include also the sheep and swine, and at Boston the short-liorns. There are at present (Oct., 1877) three herds of Ayr- shire cattle in town, bred from animals purchased of Messrs. Brodie and Converse, viz : The herd of N. Wood & Sons, numbering 22 head ; "Cool Spring Herd," of the Wm. H. H. Ellsworth estate, numbering 10; and the "Hill-side Herd," of Marlin Wood & Son, numbering 14. Messrs. James Brodie & Son own, in their " Maple Grove Herd," 60 head, and the " Riverside Herd," owned by James F. Conver.se, consists of 100 head. Beside these herds, there are numerous individual animals owned in town. The Leicester sheep at present owned by Messrs. Brodie & Son number 84, and by Mr. Converse 30. There ai-e a few others in the town. Prominent among the herds in other parts of the State, as well as in other States, arc those of Hon. Samuel Camp- bell, which were founded by the purchase of eight short- horns, — which formed a part of the most remarkable selling lierd in this country, — and also about twenty head of Ayr- shires, — the latter constituting the nucleus of a very prom- inent herd. James F. Converse is the son of Thomas Converse, who settled here in 1835, coming from Oneida county, and locating on the farm now occupied by the former. THE LAKE-SUCRE. ]\Ir. Hough, in his History of Jefferson County, says, — *' The l.ake-shorc in this town is nearly a straight line, and is bor- dt'reil l>y a l<»w ridge of sand-hills, scantily covered with trees at a few {tuints, but mostly composed of drifting sands. Behind this is a large marsh, that extends several miles each way from Sandy creek, in which are open ponds. These marshes are without timber, are covered with sedges, aquatic (>Iants, and wild rice, and when the lake is low a considerable portion of thorn may be mowed, but in high water they arc mostly flowed. A large part of tho marsh remains unsold, and is used as a kind of common. Where eajiable of tillage it is found very productive. "Tho lake-shore has been the scene of many wrecks since the country was settletl, the first within the memory of those living having occurred in the fall of ISOO, when a small schooner from Mex- ico to (jananoque. Capt. Gammon, master, was lost off Little Stony creek, and all on board perished. A boat with eight men, that was sent in search of the vessel, was also swamped, and all hands were drowned. "About 1807 a family was located by Mr. Benjamin Wright at the mouth uf Sandy creek, to afiTord aid to shipwrecked persons, and HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 3G1 since that period this lonely dwelling has sheltered many a suffering sailor who might otherwise have perished. Within the memory of the present tenant, who has occupied the prcii.ises thirty years,* the following vessels have been wrecked on this coast, and several near the house; * Atlas,' 'Asp,'* Huron,' * Fame' of Genesee, 'Two Sisters,' ' Victory,' ' Hornet,' ' Three Brothers,' ' Medora, ' ' Burlington,' ' Caro- line,' * Henry Clay," ' Neptune,' 'Napoleon,' ' AVhite Cloud,' and several others, names not known, of many of which the entire crews were lost, and of others a part were saved. These arc but a part of the whole number that have been lost here, and thesubject of establishing a light, or at least one or more life-boats, with the necessary ajtparatus, on the beach, for use in case of shipwrecks, commends itself strongly to the charities of the humane, and the attention of the government. f " In 1829 a survey of the mouth of Sandy creek was made by order of the general governmtnt, with the view of improving it for a harbor. The estimated cost of the work was SliG.OdO, but nothing was ever done towards etfccting this. The coinj)letion of the railroad has diminished the amount of commerce at this place, which was always sninll. A warehouse has been erected at the head of navigation, on each branch o{ the creek, but these are little used at present. Sandy Creek is a lawful port. " The fisheries in Me.\ico bay, and in front of this town, have within a few years assumed much importance, and recently gill-nets have been introduced and used, at great distances fr4»m the shore, in deep water. It was found that the placing of these before the mouth of streams injured the fisheries, and the subject was made a matter of complaint to the board of supervisors at their session in 1862, who passed an act by which it was forbiilden to jilace seines or nets across or in the waters of Skinner creek, an 1,1 Mi^s.Lavias Hllmorl. ^'^.^. Views of Froperty or LAVIAi. m9^ ■■''« LAVIAS F\LLMOf{Z. ZeP H.H.rtLLMOffE. --•'«£l.-?:---,S^K»-- )tiL, Llusburg. JcrrEffsoN Count r. N. Y. IfCSIDENCE or LAVIAS AND M. M. FlLLMORE Fifor J. Dunbar Houghton. RcsioENCEor N.CMUOHT0N,BcllvilleJo„n ., i^u jLrrcHSON counTr n.y. o D Lj r; »^ HISTORY OF JEFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 363 •viously opened the first store at the village. The "store" consisted of a short counter in one end of his house, with a small stock of goods behind it. He built an addition to his house afterwards and opened a tavern. Laban Brown was among the early merchants. A cabinet-shop on the south side of the creek was established by Norman Barney, in a building previously used for a wagon-manufactory. The present proprietor, J. H. Carpenter, purchased it in 1SU3, and has carried on the business since, making nearly all kinds of furniture. A grist-mill was built on Sandy creek, in the upper part of the present corporation of Belleville, some years previous to 1S2(), by Abraham Miller and Rufus Mather, of Marl- boro', Windham county, Vermont. Not long after this, and previous to 1820, they deeded about an acre of land to Owen Howard, upon which he built a chnir-factory, and carried on quite an extensive business for a number of j'cars. Miller & Mather afterwards sold out to Cotton Kimball, who built the frame grist-mill now standing. The first mill was one of the old-fashioned frame structures com- mon at that day. The dam was near the mill. Kimball removed this dam and built one about half a mile above the mill, and dug a "ditch" raceway. The grist-mill is now the property of Dr. Elton Hanchett, and is known by the old familiar title, " Mather's Jlill." During the time Howard was running his chair-factory, a clotli-dressintj establishment was built and opeiated by Harvey P. Dwight. A carding-machine was afterwards put in below bj' Luther Mather, and carried on by him for some time. Finally Samuel Northrup erected the preseut build- ing, and began both carding and cloth-dressing. The es- tablishment is now the property of H. H. Harris, who carries on cloth-dressing, carding, and manufacturing. A hotel called the " Central House" was built early by iSIatteson Freeman, and after being owned by several persons, was finally burned down while the property of I. L. Dillen- back, who was then running it. About 1873 he built the present " Dillcnback House," on the site of the Central, and is now its proprietor. Both these buildings wore frame structures. Philemon Stacey aud his older brother, John, from Halifax, Vermont, settled at Belleville in 1808. John was married and Philemon single. The latter worked with his brother, and learned of him the carpenter's trade, and the two built some of the first liouses in the place. John Stacey removed to Buffalo and died there. Philemon is yet living in Belleville with his son, H. C. Stacey, at an advanced age. Lebbeus Harris settled at Belleville about 1815, coming from Cooperstown, Otsego Co., N. Y. He married the widow of Demas Thomas, who came here with his father, John Thomas, from Vermont, about 1811, and settled in the north part of the village. In 1812, Demas Thomas built the frame house now standing near the residence of his son, D. C. Thomas, after which he went to Vermont and married, returning with his wife to Belleville. About a year after his marriiige he died, leaving a widow and one child (D. C. Thomas). He had made many improvements upon his place, and at his death left everything in good shape. As has been mentioned, his widow was afterwards married to Mr. Harris. Zerah Brown, a native of Waterbury, Conn., moved into Jefferson County in March, 1805, and settled in the town of Lorraine (then Malta). His son, Samuel Brown, now living at Belleville, moved his father into Adams in 1828, and in 1837 came to the place where he now resides. Samuel Brown's older brothers served in the War of 1812, one with the regulars and four with the volunteers. Zerah Brown died in December, 1847, in his 84th year. His wife died in Juno, 1837. Samuel Brown recollects at- tending a school which was kept in an old blacksmith-.shop, near Lorraine " Huddle," in 1805. In 1807, a log school- house was built and covered with elm-bark, which Samuel Brown helped hi.s father peel from the trees. This building was originally without floors, but these necessary portions were afterwards p\it in, the upper one being of cherry timber. In the school kept in the old black.smith-shop, in the winter of 1805-6, the teacher was Deacon Gladwin Bumpus. This shop had been built by a man named Soles. In the .school- house the first teacher was Miss Betsy Burpee (or Burpy), who taught in the summer of 1807. The following winter an Irishman, called " Ma.ster Tisdell," taught the school. INIiss Burpee afterwards nuirried Aaron Brown, since de- ceased, and is now residing near Lorraine " Huddle." At Belleville a frame school-house was built as early as 1806-7. This was afterwards burned down and replaced by a briek building. The present scliool-hon.>i;e meet- ings were conducted by Rev. Father Hogan, of Wa(ecember 31, 1854, for the purpose of taking into consideration the or- ganization of a Free Church, those composing the meeting having held worship for some months in the school-house. The assemblage was presided over by Elder S. H. Tait. An organization was effected February 20, 1855, with 19 members. The trustees elected this day were Albert G. Earl, Hiram Allen, Benjamin Randall, Samuel Bemis, Franklin Waite, William Williams, and Loren Bushnell, and the name " Free Church and Society of Pierrepont Manor" was adopted. A church was built the same year, and Mr. Taft preached here four or five years, since which time the house has been occupied by nearly all denomina- tions, although the Methodists and Baptists have used it most. A post-office was established early at the Manor, with Thomas E. William.son as postmaster. The present occu- pant is E. J. Robinson, the office being located at his store. Pierrepont Manor contained in October, 1877, three stores, three blacksmith-shops, two churches, one frame school-house, a post-office, and one hotel. WOOPVILLE, a small village on North Sandy creek, about three miles from its mouth, ibrmerly Wood's Settlement, was settled by Ebenezer, Ephraim, and Jacob Wood, sous of Nathaniel Wood, of Middlctown, Vermont, who came in to look for lands with Orimal Brewster, Simeon Titus, Ephraim Wood, Jr., and Hezekiah Leftingwell, in the fall of 1803. Me.ssrs. E. & E. Wood purchased May 26, 1804, for §2294.80, a tract of 754 acres, and in March, Ephraim Wood, with a daughter and three .sons, came in to reside, his brother Ebenezer remaining to settle the estate. Rev. Nathaniel Wood, their father, an old man, came on in June, 1804. Obadiah Kingsbury, Oliver Scott, and others came the same year. A small mill w;is built, and in 1805 got in operation. In 1805, Ebenezer Wood, Nathaniel Wood, Jr.,* Mosely Wood, Samuel Truesdale, and families came in, and several young men. A field of corn planted by the Woods on the marsh, as late as June 7, produced an im- mense yield, which greatly rai.sed the reputation of the settlement and the hojies of the settlers. When the Woods came in they followed the old Redfield turnpike into Adams, and the balance of the way cut their own roail. The mill spoken of above was built by them. A paper-mill was built here about 1846 by the Messrs. Clark, and is si ill standing. Oliver Batclu'ller, now residing in Woodville, came here from Siratlon, Windham Co., Vt., in the winter of 1808-09, settling in March, 1809. He had been here the year pre- * Kculion Wood, afterwarils Governor of Ohio, an J Iiilcr ft resident ul' Valjiumi.su, Suutli Anu'ricn, wiis u gun ul' Nalliuniul WuuU. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUxVTY", NEW YORK. 371 vious and examined the country, and the general aspect beiuff favorabli! lio made the location as mentioned. He wa.s hut twontj'-two years of age at the time. In 1815 he married Polly, a dauglitor of Ebcnczor Wood. Mr. Batcheller belonged to llic militia dnrinjr the War of 181;i, and w;is several times called out. He \v;is a blacksmith by trade, and while at work in the village hoard of the fight which was progressing, between Woolsey's and Appling's men and the British,* on the north bank of the south branch of Sandy Creek, and hurried at once to the scene of action, arriving just as it was over. This engagement was perhaps a quarter of a mile below the present boat-landing on the south branch of the creek. Soon after Mr. Batcheller settled at Woodvillc, he built a blacksmith-shop on the ground now occupied by the store, at the south end of the bridge. He afterwards moved a short distance up the creek, and built a second shop and put up a trip-hammer. His first shop was the first one in the village. Mr. Batcheller is now (October, 1877) in his ninety-first year, and has voted at every election since he came to the village. The first attempt at merchandising in the village was made by Ebenezer Wood, who brought in a few such goods as were neces.sary for the use of the settlers. This was soon after he came, and in the spring of 1809 he had a few arti- cles still on hand. The first regular store, however, was opened by NathaJi Burnham, who .settled here in 1812, and carried on the business for some time. The first hotel was kept by Ebenezer Wood, in his dwelling, which stood im- mediately in front of the spot now occupied by the residence of Nathaniel Wood. The present hotel was built for a dwelling, probably by Nicholas Meade, a shoemaker, and converted into a hotel some time afterward. The present proprietor is llollin H. Gray. A .school was taught in the village previous to the War of 1812. At present the place has a neat frame school building, ornamented with columns in front, standing in the eastern part of the place. A post-ofiBce was established some time between 1820 and 1830, prcviou.sly to which time the people had received their mail at Adams, Ellis village, and other places. The first postmaster was probably Asa Avcrill ; the second was Augustus Victor Wood, who occupied the office for seven- teen years. The present incumbent is Nathaniel Wood, Jr. About 1846-47, William Gray built the shop now owned by his son, William Gray, Jr., for blacksmithing, wagon- work, and repairing. The present proprietor has enlarged the shops, and has ijuite an extensive and lucrative practice. SOCIETIES AND ORDERS. "Orion Lodge, No. 286, F. & A. M.," was formed at Woodville, Oct. 27, 1817, with Martin E. Cook. W. M.; Oliver Scott, S. W. ; Ebenezer Wood, J. W. It was after- wards removed to Ellis village, and about 1827 abandoned. " Olive Lodge, No. 642, Sons of Temperance," formed at Wondville, April 1, 1850 ; long discontinued. '' Eagle Lodge, No. 47, Good Samaritan.^,' organized at Woodville, April 15, 1852. First in the office cf W. C. w;is G. A. Jenkins. Lodge not now in existence. * See chapter on War <•!' 1S12-15. LIPE-8AVINQ STATION. This station was established in the autumn of 187G. It is situated at the mouth of the Big Sandy creek. The building is of wood, 45 by 20 feet in dimensions, and the station is provided with the neccs.sary apparatus. The crew con.sists of a captain and six men. The present cap- tain is Wm. E. Van Alstyne, and the names of the men are as follows: Sanford Van Alstyne, H. J. Noble, Charles Wood, Edward Chapman, CharUis Dennis, and Enos Kil- born. The eastern co;ist of Lake Ontario is a dangerous locality in time of storms, and this station is likely to be of great benefit to those who arc exposed to the perils of the deep. THE BAPTIST SOCIETY OF WOODVILLE was formed Jan. 27, 1825, with Ebenezer Wood, Oliver Scott, Amaziah Fillmore, I'edro Scott, Wm. Ellsworth, and Abijah Jenkins, trustees. The church was formed by the Rev. Asa Averiil, since whom Peleg Card, Buckley, W. B. Downer, L. Rice, and others have been employed. The society has a house of worship, which has long been unused. It is a frame building, standing east of the store, and now in a dilapidated condition. THE CONQREQATIONAL CHURCH OF WOODVILLE was formed Nov. 22, and a society Dec. 14, 1836, of which Ebenezer Wood, Oliver Batcheller, and Wm. Gray were trustees. A union house had been erected and partly fin- ished previously ; in 1837 it was taken down and a brick church erected at a cost of about 81100. Rev. Chas. B. Pond became the first pastor, and was installed Jan. 23, 1840. In four years Elisha P. Cook succeeded, since whom David Powell, J. Burchard, Frederick Hcbard, Smith, and others have been employed. Mr. Hebard is the present pastor, having returned to the charge after an absence of nearly twenty-five years. The present brick church, built in 1868 at a cost of about S9000, and dedicated in August, 1869, stands on the site of the old church, which was taken down to make room for it. It will seat about three hundred persons, and lias a session-room in the rear capable of seating over a hundred. A very fine Mason and Hamlin organ, costing SOOO, has been placed in the church. The Sabbath-school has a small library. The first bridge across Sandy creek at this place was an open structure of wood, built in the summer of 1808. It was planked over, and stood across the stream whore the dam now is. The present King iron bridge was erected in 1869, at a cost of S6000, and consists of two spans. The Wood saw-mill stood where the grist-mill now is. The latter was built in 1825 or '26 by Samuel Cook, who after- wards finished the stone mills at Ellis village. The present proprietor is S. T. Wood. RURAL HILL P. 0. The first settler here was Jedediah Hill, who located in the spring of 1815. The place afterwards passed into the hands of his son, Eben, then to a brother of the latter, John, who sold it to Araasa Hungerford, Jr. On the death of the latter it became the property of his brother, Philo Hun- gerford, the present proprietor. 372 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. A post-office was established in February, 1849, and Philo Hungcrford was appointed postmaster. He has held the position ever since with the exception of a short time during; the administration of President Buchanan, and at that time the man who was appointed in liis phice lived without the precincts of the office and did not occupy it, I^Ir. Hungerford attendini; to its duties. Mr. Hungerford has lived at the hill since 1844. The locality was known for years before the establish- ment of the post-office as " Buck Hill," from the fact that it was a great resort for deer, and large numbers of these ani- mals were killed here by the early settlers. Edwin Burn- ham opened a store before the establishment of the office, calling it the '* Rural Hill Store," and the office received the name of '* Rural Hill Post-office" in consequence. It has luid at different times several stores and shops, a tavern, etc., but at present there is very little business in the place. PRE-HISTORIC REMAINS. The ideas entertained by some of the early settlers re- garding the aboriginal remains of this town, and the prac- tice which .some were, through ignorance, led into, of searching for buried treasure, have been mentioned. The iollowing mention and description of the ancient forts and their surroundings are taken from the journal of Rev. John Taylor, of Massachusetts, who made a missionary tour through the Mohawk and Black River countries in 1802. This journal was published in the ''Documentary History of New York" in 1850, and from that work wc make the subjoined extracts. Mr. Taylor afterwards settled in Men- don, Monroe county, N. Y. (1817), and in 1832 removed from there to Michigan, and died at Bruce, Macomb county, in that State, in 1840, at the age of seventy-eight. " Sfj)t. 1, 1802. I this morning started from Mr. Johnson's/- rode 2 miles, nnd entered into a wilderness of 24 miles without a house. The mad was cut out this summer, and is a tedious, hilly, rooty, muddy, stumpy, solitary rond. Traveled, as I supposed, 12 miles; ealled at a lurgc hemlock; bent down some friendly maples tliat my horse might gnthor the leaves. Enquired of my saddle-bags for some dinner ; made a comfortable meal. Divided my dinner with ray hor?c; as he was not accustomed to eating meat, gave bim a douljle portion of lircad. After refreshing in this manner, traveled on the other 13 miles, and camo upon the south branch of Sandy creek, about three miles from the Inko. Crossed the river; turned to the cast ; in about half a mile came to the old fort; examined it, nnd found m^'self lost in conjectures. Kodc 4 miles to Mr. Hockley's on the north branch. This is about 4 miles above the junction of the 2 branches, about 4i miles from Ontario. This is as fine a tract of country as I think I ever saw. It is heavy timbered ; but the land is as rich as land can be. This is a rich country from here to the Black river. This town, and undoulitedly all this country, has been, in some ancient jieriod, thickly iiihnliited. In many places there arc evident marks of houses having stood as thick as to join each other. The remains of old firc-phiecs built of stones, wclla evidently dug and stoned to a eonsiilerabU* dej)lh, nnd the remains of old forts nnd intrenchments, are all evidences t)f this fact. The fort on the south branch is phnighcd, and the old fire-places appear to have liecn aljout two rods npait, thro 'out the whole. The curthenware of a peculiar structure, nnd of singular materials, is scat- tered over ihc ground. The jtoint of a steel sword — 2 edges — about 1 foot i long was fouml last spring in ploughing the fort. The fortifica- tion is regularly built nilh 6 sides and 5 gateways; i.s about 20 rods from the river, upon the \. bank, 1100 or 1000 rods to the northeast. Near the north branch is another furt, west of which, 160 or 200 rods, there is *■ In Kcdficld. an intrenchment lately found, half a mile in length, in a straight lino, and also a breastwork. 2k north of this is another fort, regularly built, containing about 10 acres. Upon all those works the trees are of equal dimensions with those around. I measured one and found it 4 feet diameter, and saw some which had fallen and were almost con- sumed, which appeared to bo of equal dimensions, and which grew upon the highest parts ot the fort. The people frequently find pipes, something in the form of German pipes. The bottom of the N. branch of the river is a level rock. Standing at a little distance it looks like ice; when within a rod and a half or 2 r., N. Y., June 30, ISOO, on a 120l)-a('rc tract of land purchased by Lis falher from the Van Rensselaer estate. Piiri-lP WilEKLKK wa.s a descendant from Enp;lish and Dutch pan'rita!j;o, his father's ancestry coming from Worcestershire, England, and his mother's from both Eng- lish and Dutch families. Philip's father was a New York slaveholder, and he (Philip) inheriting the slaves, manu- mitted them at once, and before he was obliged to by law. After settling his father's estate Philip Wheeler moved into the city of Troy, where he engaged in the mercantile busi- ncse, including rafting lumber from Troy to New York, in which he continued about five years, during which time — about 18'24 — he was married to Roxanna She|pherd, daugh- ter of Thomas Sheplierd, who.se wife was a descendant of the Browns, of Rhode Island, owners of the " John Brown Tract." The Shepherd family was of English stock, and fiom New Hampshire, and the grandfather of iNIrs. W. mirried into the Cops family of Cops' Hill, Boston. Philip Wheeler, together with his wife and father-in-law, Mr. Shepherd, came to Jefferson County in 1825, and tlie two gentlemen ]nirchased and improved a largo tract of land near ftlannsville. Mr. Wheeler, after clearing his ]ioition, sold it and moved into the village, where he pur- cluused the property of Hon. Daniel Wardwell, then mem- ber of Congress from this district. This property included about two hundred acres of land. Immediately after lo- cating in the village Mr. Wheeler engaged again in mer- cantile pursuits, carrying the business on upon a large scale and credit system for twenty years, during which time he never had a claim disputed or a litigated suit, at the same time managing his farm and accumulating a large property through continued success. He finally disposed of his stock in trade, and for the balance of his life gave his atten- tion wholly to managing his farm, which had been dimin- ished by the sale of the western portion to a little more than one hundred acres, including the homestead. Upon the part of the farm sold much of the village has since been built. Mr. W. died in Nov., 1872, his wife having pre- ceded him three years to the " land of the hereafter." Mr. W. was noted during life for his sound judgment and great strength of cliaracter. He was also always strongly attached to agricultural pursuits. His wife, the partner of his joys and sorrows, and sharer of his reverses and suc- cesses for nearly half a century, was known for her very charitable disposition and her kindness to all in adverse circumstances. Both were passionately fond of their chil- dren, and were also members of the Methodist Episcopal church, which society in INIannsville Mr. Wheeler was largely instrumental in founding. Their son, A. A. Wheeler, during his youth worked on the farm and at- tended the school in the village, and when seventeen years of age entered the Jefferson County Institute, at Water- town, at whiih and under private tutors he fiiiislied a preparatory course for college, after which he entered the Union College at Schenectady, from which he was gradu- ated in the class of 1858. In 1859 he was graduated from the Albany law-school with the degree of LL.B. (Under suhiiequent charters this institution and the Albany college have been consolidated into the Union University.) While at the law-school Mr. Wheeler read in the office of the celebrated criminal lawyer, William A. Hadley, and soon after graduating entered the law-office of Starbuck & Sawyer, at Watertown, where he remained one year. He began practicing at Maiuisville in 1860. In August, 1862, he volunteered in the 10th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, and was commissioned senior first lieutenant of Capt. A. Cleghorn's company, " E." During the fifteen months he .served the command was stationed at Fort Richmond, on Stiiten Island, at Sandy Hook, and in Fort Mahan, in the de- fenses of Washington. At the end of this time he returned home for the purpose of tjiking command of a company in the 20th N. Y. Cavalry, but his arrangements not being consummated he remained at home. Previous to his en- listment he had been interested in recruiting troops, and speaking at meetings for that purpose in various parts of the county. In politics he is thoroiighli/ Repuhfican, and began stumping for the party on its organization in 1856, before he was old enough to vote. The work then begun he has kept up since, being prominently engaged in the campaign for Hayes and Wheeler in 1876. His first speech during that canvass was delivered by reciuest at Watertown, before the Republican club of that city. The effort on that occa- sion was highly lauded by the papers and all who heard it, and his speech was reported in full. Mr. W^heeler has represented the district at two State conventions, and taken active part in the debates on questions there arising. On his return from the army he resumed the practice of law, which he has since continued with marked success, and commands a good practice, with respectable increase. He resides on the old place, which is the same as his father left it, and has the management of the farm, although he de- votes no personal labor to its improvement. For a number of years heretofore he has to some extent spent time and labor of his own upon it, but everytliing is now done by means of hired help. Mr. Wheeler is a gentleman of cul- ture and a close student, being well versed in science and literature and other subjects kindred to his profe.s.sion. As an orator and debater he ranks high. Of Philip Wheeler's children but two beside A. A. Wheeler are now living, Sally A., Philip, and John having pxssed to " the other shore." Dr. T. B. Wheeler, a graduate of the military school at Norwich, Vermont, attended school at Cazenovia and at the Union Academy in Belleville, Jefferson County. Ho is also a graduate of the College of Physicians and Surgeons at New York City, from which institution he was appointed resi- dent surgeon in the famed Bellevue Hospital. He married a daughter of Andrew Shaw, a prominent merchant of Montreal, Canada, Master of the Trinity Board, and is now a resident of that city. Dr. William L. Wheeler received his education at the Methodist school at Cazenovia, at McGill College, in M(ra- treal, and graduated from the College of Physicians and 376 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Surgeons at New Y'ork. Was also appointed resident sur- geon at Bellevuc hospital. In IStil he entered the U. S. Navy as assistant surgeon in the reguhir service, and re- mained in it for six or seven years, a portion of which time he was on board the monitor PciUipscn. During the en- gagements around Charleston he took an active part, and on one occasion was a volunteer in a storming-party sent against Fort Sumter. After leaving the service he en- gaged in a very successful and lucrative practice at Ithaca, Tompkins county, New York, and finally married the eldest daughter of Gov. William B. Lawrence, of Oclire Point, Newport. R. I., where he is at present residing, engaged in the practice of his profession. CHARLES GOODENOUGH wtis bom in Brattleborough, Vt., Oct. 11, 1807; the eldest son of Daniel and Nancy Goodenough. His father was bom in Brattleborough, July 6, 1786. The mother's maiden name was Nancy Miller; she was born March 9, 1788. They had seven children, — five sons and two daugh- ters, — viz., Charles, subject of this sketch ; Nancy F., born Feb. 3, 1809; Charlotte, born Aug. 20, 1813, wife of John Boomer, now living in Harmony, Chatauqua Co., N. Y. ; Caleb, born Nov. 28, 1815, died April, 18.55 ; Henry Mil- ler, bom April 22, 1819, died in infancy ; Harry, born Dec. 1, 1821, died Aug. 20, 1820; Alfred, born Jan. 12, 1825, died March 12, 1844. The four former were born in Brat- tleborough, Vt., the three latter in Ellisburg. In March, 1817, the family moved from Brattleborough, and settled in the southwestern portion of Ellisburg. The father died Aug. 12, 1855 ; the mother, July 29, 1857. His sister Nancy married Wm. S. Lindsey, Jan. 20, 1831. By this marriage there were four children, viz., Hannah, born Aug. 25, 1831, died Nov. 11, 1854; Daniel, born July 19, 1833, died Nov. 22, 1850; Charles, born March 15, 1830; Lostine, born Dec. 10, 1838. Wm. S. Lindsey died April 15, 1838. Lestine married Harry M. Dailey, Dec. 31, 1800. One daughter, Effie H., was born to them, Feb. 10, 1800. Mr. Dailey died March 3, 1800. Mrs. Dailey was again married, July 4, 1873, to Geo. W. Greene. The subject of this sketch lived with his father till he was twenty-one years of age. He had previously bought of Pierrepont ten acres of land, the first of the large landed property of which he afterwards became possessed. When twenty-one years of age he went to live with his sister, Mrs. Lindsey, who kept house for him, after her husband's death, as long as he lived. His second purchase was a ten-acre piece, upon which he built his first house. He first leased, and afterwards owned and ran, the " Goodenougli" saw- mill, situated near his house, on Lindsey creek. By profits from this mill and fi-om his lands he continued adding to his estate, until, at liis death, he was the owner of about si.x hundred acres of land. He died of a tumor March 9, 1870. Mr. Goodenough was never married. By the terms of his will the bulk of his large property was left to his sister, Mrs. Lindsey. The " homestead" farm of Kil acres and saw-mill were willed to her son, Charles Lindsey. Two thousand dollars were willed towards the erection of a church, and the " Goodenough" Slethodist Episcopal church — a neat and substantial structure, situated near his late residence — stands a monument to his liberality. Mr. Good- enough was one of those men of whom it may be truly said the world is better by their having lived in it. A godly man in a locality which for some reason liad gained the sobriquet " No God," his influence, while living, went far towards reclaiming the place and gaining for it a better name. ERASTUS B. HAVEN. Luther Haven, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Newton, Mass., May 25, 1792. He came, with his father, into New York State in 1794, and settled in Frankfort, Herkimer Co., in 1807. He came to Ellis- burg, and bought by "piece-meal' what now constitutes the " homestead farm," in the southeastern part of the town. He was married, July 0, 1814, to Pliebe Tracy, by whom he had ten children, viz.: Polly 5Iatilda, born April 3, 1815, died July 14, 1841 ; Harriet E., born May 1, 1817, died Aug. 1, 1828; Sophrona, born March 12, 1819; John, born Feb. 13, 1821, died iMarch 24, 1804; Erastus B., born May 11, 1823; Laura A., born June 9, 1825, died Feb. 2, 1852; Phebe D., born Sept 1, 1828, died May 12, 1847; Fanny F., born Feb. 0, 1831, died Oct. 8, 1847; Jennette R., born Sept. 9, 1835; Sarah C.,born Sept. 22, 1837. The latter, the wife of A. A. Fi.sh, lives in Florida, Iowa. Jennette U. is the wife of H. AV. Todd, and lives near Oswego, N. Y. Sophronia, unmarried, lives in Mannsville, and keeps house for her father. Mr. Haven is among the few surviving early settlers of Ellisburg, and it may be said of him that few have lived a more active life, and none more esteemed in the community. His wife died June 7, 1847. The subject of this sketch has always lived iu Elli-sburg, on the spot where he was born. He was married, Sept. 23, 1857, to Mary Freeman, daughter of Elder Joshua Freeman, by whom he has had two children ; one died in infancy, and Clarence F., born April 25, 1802. In politics Mr. Haven was first a Whig, then Republican. Though not a member of any church, he has been an attendant upon the Baptist church, of which his wife is a member. Of the many good farmers of Ellisburg, few, if any, have been more .^uceessftil than Mr. Haven. Thorough in all his undertakings, prompt and upright in all his dealings, no one has better deserved success. To tlie original home- stead farm he has added other adjoining lands, until he is now the possessor of over 000 acres, all in a body. NAHUM C. HOUGHTON, ESQ. Nahum Houghton, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Marlborough, Vt., Feb. 6, 1790. He was married to Mary M. Brown Nov. 3, 1816. Five sons and two daughters were the issue of this marriage, viz.: Algernon Sidney, physician, born July 21, 1817; died Nov. 21, 1874, in Belleville. Rev. James Dunbar, bom .July J, 1S20, principal for thirteen years in the Union SoPHRONA Haven. f^fRS.E.B.HAVCN. LuTHtH Haven. E.B. Haven. C. r. Haven . HISTORY or JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 377 Academy of Belleville, also of the Adams Institute, Oneida and Carthage academies; died at Carthage Oct. 8, 1874. Lucy L., boni May 1, 1822, wife of Alcandor Dickinson, living at Belleville. Nahum C, suhjcct of this sketch, born Jan. 8, 1825. Charles M., born March 1, 1827 ; deceased. Nancy M., born Oct. 20, lS2!t, widow of George Fletcher, living at Rural Ilill. Amour Do Val- ance, born Juno 23, 1836 ; died Aug. 7, 1838. Mr. Houghton's father was among the earliest settlers of Ellisburg, and was called out at the time of the battle of Big Sandy Creek, but arrived just too late to take part iu the engagement, lie died December 17, 1845. The subject of this sketch was born in Belleville, and has always lived there. He received his education in the dis- trict school and at the Union Academy. He remained at home, helping on the farm, till he was twenty-one years of age. For si.x or seven years thereafter he devoted himself principally to teaching vocal music. The four years follow- ing he was clerk in Alcander Dickinson's dry-goods .store. He then entered into business on his own account, and carried on the dry-goods trade for seventeen years. He was postmaster for thirteen years of that time, and over.seer of the poor for three years. At the present time Mr. Houghton is justice of the peace, and has served in that capacity for the last two yeans. At the same time he carries on a fire and life insurance and general collection agency. In politics, Jlr. Houghton has acted with the Whig and Republican parties. He has been a warm friend of education and religion, and h;xs always contributed his share of means for the support of the churches and schools of his neighborhood. For two years he has been trustee and treasurer of the Union Academy, in which institution he has always takeli a deep interest. He was married Oct. 27, 1858, to Marietta Warrener, daughter of Walter and Eliza Warrener. They have no children. JAMES F. CONVERSE was the youngest son of Thomas and Lydia Converse, and the youngest but one of fourteen ehildrcn, twelve of whom are still living. Both his grandfather, whose name was David, anil his father were natives of Belchertown, Mass. The grandfather moved at an early day to Bridgewater, Oneida county, N. Y., and he and his wife died there. His father married in Bridgewater Lydia Stratton, and moved into Ellisburg, Jetl'urson County, iu March, 1835, having purchased of Azariah Doane his farm of 235 acres, lying near Woodville, north of the north fork of Sandy creek. The house in which the family lived is still standing, the fii-st hou.se north of the iron bridge, and is still owned by the subject of this sketch. AVith the exception of three years, in which the family lived in Belleville, they lived in Woodville. The father died there Sept. 24, 1858, the mother having died in Belleville June 18 of the same year. The subject of this sketch was born October 2, 1825, in Bridgewater, Oneida Co., N. Y. He prepared for college at the Union Academy, Belleville, and graduated at Hamil- ton College at the age of twenty-three. In 1848 he bought the homestead farm, and has worked it ever since. He first engaged, in company with James Brodie and George S. D. Hungerford, in the importation of blooded stook in 1855, since which time, mainly in cimipany with James Brodie, he has continued such imjjortations. Ayrshire cattle have been the chief feature of their importations, though it has also embraced Leicester sheep, short-horns, York.shire swine, and Shetland ponies. His herd of Ayrshire cattle at the present time numbers 100 head. His conveniences for keeping stock are not surpassed by any in the country. In 1874 he built his large barn, 105 by 45 feet, with ba.scment stable under the whole. In the following year he built his residence, one of the finest farm-houses in the county. Mr. Converse was married November 12, 1857, to Marietta Bull, daughter of Alvah and Louisa Bull. Their children are Frank A. aud Marietta May. Mrs. Converse died Nov. 18, 1865. 3Ir. Converse was again married Dec. 11, 180G, to Adelia C. Hopper, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Hopper. Two children — George Henry and Clara J. — are the is.sue of this marriage. In politics Mr. Converse is Republican. He hxs been a member of the Congregational church since he was ten years of age, and of the Congregational church at Wood- ville since its organization. His four sisters and seven brothers, living, are members of either the Congregational or Prc.sljytcM'iau churches. Mr. Converse was prominent in organizing the Ellisburg Agricultural Society, — a society which has been in existence about thirty years. JAMES BRODIE was born in Lochwinnoch, Rcnfrew.shire, Scotland, Oct. 14, 1798, the second son of Robert and Margaret Brodie. Robert, his eldest brother, died at the age of twenty-two, in Scotland. His younger brother, David, died at the age of twenty-one, in Scotland. His father died when he was nine yeai-s of age, and he liv(!d with his mother till he was twenty- one. He then eonimeneed farming on his own account, at Barr Hill, Ayrshire. He was married Dec. 25, 1819, to INIargaret Brodie, daughter of Hugh and Elizabeth Brodie. Nine children — seven sons and two daughters — have been born to them, viz., Robert, born Oct. 19, 1820, a farmer, living in Henderson ; Margaret, born Dee. 25, 1823, wife of George Maxon Burdiek, living in Watertown ; Elizabeth, hin-n July 28, 1824, widow of Alexander Faird, living at Woodville; James, Jr., born June 12, 1826, died in Cali- fornia, Nov., 1850; Hugh, born Jan. 1, 1830, married to Annie Jonas, and assisting his father in carrying on the home farm; David, born Feb. 3, 1835, married to Maria Jane Huggins, and living in Iowa ; John, born July 28, 1838, died Jan., 1871 ; William, born Dee. 25, 1840, living with his father ; Alexander, born Aug. 28, 1842, married to Martha Ellsworth, and living in Clare, Clare Co., Mich. Mr. Brodie emigrated to this country in 1847, and settled on the farm he still owns and occupies iu Ellisburg, consist- ing of 157 acres, bought of Samuel Hackley. Acting upon the belief that it costs no more to feed a good animal than it does a poor one, Mr. Brodie, while thorough in all branches of farming, has paid more particular attention to the importation, improvement, and raising blooded stock. 378 HISTORY OP JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. He imported the first Ayrshire stock which came into Jef- ferson County. His son David, twicu, and his .son Hugh, eight times, have crossed the Atlantic for the express pur- pose of importing blooded .stock. Ayrshire cattle, York- shire swine, and Leicester sheep have been the principal breeds in which he has dealt. Without detracting from what others in the county have done towards improvement in its stock, it will not be saying too much to state that none have done more than Mr. Brodie. In politics Mr. Brodie has voted the Republican ticket, though he is no strong partisan, believing in voting for the best men without reference to party. In Scotland both Jlr. and Mrs. Brodie were members of the Reformed Presbyte- rian church. They were both members of the Presbyterian church at Belleville, but are now attendants upon the Con- trreiiational church at Woodville. LAVIAS FILLMORE was born in Middletown, Vt., Aug. 1, 1811. In October, 1816, liis parents moved, and settled in Ellisburg, on the same place where he now lives. His father, whose name was Ethni, died in Boylston, Oswego Co., March 25, 1844. The mother lived twenty-eight years after her husband's death with her son (subject of this sketch), and died, April 7, 1872, at the age of ninety-four years. Lavias was the only son of nine children, four sisters deceased, viz. : Ru- netta, wife of Elijah Houghton ; Mariam, wife of Stephen W. Hackley ; Harley Fillmore ; Alzina, wife of Thurston Baxter; and four living, viz.: Harriet, living at Rural Hill ; Adelia, wife of R. Rudd, living in Boylston ; Lo- disca, wife of Cyrus Woodruff, living at Sandy Creek ; Lavina, wife of Mr. Farmer, living in Lorraine. In March, 1816, the father first came to Ellisburg, liavingpurchiu'sed the land of Pierrepont, 2.5 acres, all woods, and built a log cabin. When the family moved in, in the fall, there was no floor ; stumps served for chairs, and bed- steads were constructed of poles. The father and son cleared and worked the farm together up to the j'ear 1841, when the father sold the farm to his son, having purchased 500 acres in Boylston. Mr. Fillmore was married, Sept. 1, 1836, to Marietta Thayer, daughter of James and Fanny Thayer. Six children were the issue of this marriage, viz., H. H. Fillmore, born Nov. 9, 1837 ; Orson B., born Aug. 7, 1839, died July 27, 1843; Lucy Helen, binn Jan. 23, 1843, died June 15, 1847 ; Ferry De Forest, born July 19, 1846, died Dec. 11, 1855 ; M. M. Fillmore, born Oct. 18, 1848. H. H. Fillmore married Mary Kemp, Nov. 27, 1800. Two children were born to them, viz., Menzo E. and Emma Marietta. M. M. Fillmore was married, April 16, 1872, to Jennie Chamberlain. Arthur M. is their only child. After the death of his father Lavias paid up a large balance due on the Boylston land, which had been left a legacy to his sisters. Besides the " home" farm of 256 acres, Mr. Fillmore is the owner of a farm of 62 acres, also the " Hemmingway" farm of 247* acres, which is worked by his son, H. H. Fillmore. He has also a half- interest in another farm of !•() acres. This large projierly, with hou.ses and outbuildings to correspond, and which are among the best in the county, is the result of a life of unremitting industry and economy, coupled with strict honesty and integrity in all his business transactions. Few men have been blessed with better health and a stronger constitution, and consequently few can be found who have " put in" more " hard days' work" than has Mr. Fillmore. Though not a member of any church, he has always contributed to the building and sup- port of the churches in his township. In politics, he is a Democrat, but never a seeker for office. Thoroughly de- voted to his family, a kind and obliging neighbor, a good citizen, no one more deserves the respect and esteem iu which he is held in the community. ALVAH BULL was born in Huntington, Chittendon Co., Vt., Feb. 5, 1803. His grandfather, Chrispin Bull, w;is the third settler in the town of Danby, Vt., an account of whose life was published in a history of that town, by J. C. Williams. His father, Elijah, died in Danby in 1848. His mother, whose Christian name was Eunice, died in the same place in 1868. His sister Annie, widow of Greene Packer, lives in Adams, this county. Chrispin Bull, a farmer, living in Ellisburg, and Clark Bull, living in Wallingford, Rutland Co., Vt., are brothers. When Alvah was two years of age his parents moved to Danby, Vt. He remained with them till he was twenty- nine years of age. In the fall of 1831 he came to Ellis- burg, and bought, where he now lives, 147 acres of land ; 54 acres of Seth Brewster, and 93 acres of Seth W. Brew- ster. Returning to Vermont, he was married, Feb. 11, 1832, to Louisa Packer, daughter of James and Mary Packer, of Guilford, Windham Co., Vt., and on the 1st of JIarch following moved on to his farm. While in Ver- mont, from 1827 to 1832, he worked at blacksmithing, since which time he has followed farming. Six children have been born to them, viz., James A., living in Minne- apolis, Minn. ; Marietta, deceased wife of James F. Con- verse; Eunice, wife of Wm. Mathers, living in Henderson; George E., married to Mary Brimmer, living with his father, and helping to carry on the homestead farm ; Frances, wife of M. D. Swan, living at Belleville; and Henry Clay, married to Maria Edmonds, living at Collingwood, Meeker Co., Minn. Mr. Bull has served six years as assessor and one year as supervisor of the town. In politics first a Whig, then a Republican. Of Quaker descent, throughout his life he has endeavored to live up to the motto " honesty is the best policy." His wife has been for many years a member of the Baptist church at Belleville, and Mr. Bull has always contributed his proportion of means towards sus- tiiuing the church. A great '• home man," fond of chil- dren, an accommodating neighbor, no one in his community is more deserving of the respect and esteem in which he is held. FREDERICK WILLIAMS. This gentleman was the third child of Alexander and Rhoila Williams. His grandfather, wlios<> name was Otli- niel, was born in Providence, R. I., and was one of the SKMUEL Q-f^lQQS. I^FfS.SAMUBL Q/f/QGS. OldHomf of SAMUEL GRICGS. How owned By NEWELL GRIGGS &. M/^. o o e* — HENDERSON. This town comprises number six of the "eleven towns," and is the most westerly in the county, if we except the Galloo and Stony i-slands, which belong to Hounsfield. It was formed, with its present limits, February 17, 1806, from Ellisburg. The first town-meeting was held at the bouse of Reuben Putnam, jMarch 11, 1806, at which Jesse Hopkins was chosen supervisor ; Mark Hopkins, clerk ; Lodowick Salis- bury, Daniel Spencer, and Emory Osgood, assessors ; Elijah Williams, constable and collector; John B. Carpenter, Samuel Hubbard, poor-m;isters ; Marvel Uanley, Asa Smith, and Anthony Sprague, commissioners highways ; George W. Clark, Willes Fellows, and Jcdediah McCuniber, fence- viewers ; Reuben Putnam, pound-master ; Israel Thomas, James Barney, Levi Scofield, Thomas Drury, Calvin Bishop, Robert Farrell, Benjamin Barney, John B. Carpenter, William White, Simeon Porter, path-masters. The successive supervisors have been as follows: 1806- 10, Jesse Hopkins; 1811, James Henderson, Jr.; 1812, Asa Smith ; 1813, Mark Hopkins: 1814-15, Asa Smith ; 1816, Mark Hopkins; 1817, John S. Porter; 1818, Noah Tubbs; 181 1), Asa Smith ; 1820-24. Noah Tubbs ; 1825 -26, Caleb Harris; 1827, Jonathan Bullard ; 1828-31, Caleb Harris; 1832, Peter N. Cushman ; 1833-34, Caleb Harris; 1835-37, Peter N. Cu.shman ; 1838-40, David Montague; 1841, George Jefters ; 1842— 43, John Carpen- ter; 1844, Joseph A. Montague; 1845, William McNeil; 184t)-51, Henry Green, Jr.; 1852, Washington Bullard; 1853-55, Henry Green, Jr.; 1856, William P. Davis; 1857-58, Clark Auehard ; 1859-62, William Dobson ; 1863, Truman 0. Whitney ; 1864-65, George G. Whit- ney ; 1866, William Dobson; 1867-68, Albert A. Davis; 1869, L. B. Simmons ; 1870, A. A. Davis ; 1871, William Dobson; 1872-75, Leonard Seaton ; 1876-77, John Chap- man. In 1811-12 it was voted that Canada thistles should be mowed in the old of the moon, in June, July, and August. Penalty, §5; one-half to the complainant, one-half to the overseers of ])oor. Wolf bounties of $10 in 1807 to 1815, except in 1809, when S5 were ofiered for wolves, wild-cats, and panthers. This town fell to the share of William Henderson, of New York, one of the four who bought the eleven towns of Constable, and from him it derived its name. He was accustomed to spend a part of each summer here for several years, and remained interested in the title of the town till his death. There was an ancient portage from the head of Hender- 380 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. son bay to Stony creek across this town, by which the ex- ])0sure of passing Stony Point, which forms a cape difficult to navigate with small boats, was avoided. At the head of the bay there is said to be a trace, thought to be the re- mains of a kind of wharf or landing. The evidences of aboriginal occupation were noticed at one or two places in this town, and near an ancient trench inclosure there is said to have been found a golden cross, about two inches long, and furnished with a ring to be worn on the neck. On Six-Town Point can yet be seen the traces of an old fort, supposed to have been built by the French. It is square, with bastions at the angles, and its location is pecu- liarly adapted for defense, commanding as it does the en- trance to the bay. Six-Town Point is a narrow neck, or peninsula, extending into the lake on the west side of Hen- derson bay, and in high water becomes an island. Its con- tinuance forms several islands, to the west of which lie the group including the Galloo and Stony islands. More than half the boundary of Henderson is formed by the waters of Henderson bay and Lake Ontario. Big and Little Stony creeks flow through the town, the former liav- ing at an early day furnished motive power for numerous mills and manufactories. Several are yet located upon its banks, principally at Henderson village. At its mouth is a harbor of easy access, though not as safe as others. It was at one time hoped the Government would establish a port here. Several vessels were built at a ship-yard which was located immediately below the bridge crossing Big Stony creek, near its mouth. In 1808 the first one was built, and was capable of carrying a considerable cargo of grain. She was floated out light, and afterwards used in the lake trade. Dr. Barney, now of Ili-nderson village, recollects seeing the men at work on her, but does not now remember who built her. The surface of the town is much diversified. In the southwestern portion the land is low, but little elevated above the surface of the lake, and very fertile. Forming a ridge in its r 'ar, and extending around to Henderson bay, is the ancient lake- beach, rocky, and for some distance cov- ered by a very thin soil. At Henderson bay the shores are higher and-moro abru]it, the basin being nearly occupied by the water. A rolling territory stretches off" to the south and east until the blufis of Big Stony creek are reached. This stream h;is cut a deep channel through the limestone rock, and aside from its interest to the geologist it presents many picturesque and attractive features to the seeker after the licauties of Nature. East of Hendersoii village is a deep hollow, wherein a pond has been Cornied by an ancient beaver dam, the ereek here s])reading out and covering an extent of perhaps three hundred acres. Passing a ridge between Big and Little Stony creeks, we reach the latter, which is but a small stream, yet has furnished power for several mills in the past. In the southciist part of the town the stream pa.sscs through Six-Town pond, which, like the point of the same name, received its appellation from the town to which it belongs. In other portions of the town are found traces of ponds which formerly existed, and the remains of dams built long years since by the beaver, which at an early day inhabited this region in vast numbers. On Stony Point, the extreme western projection of Hen- derson, is a light-house, built in 1837, an appropriation of S3000 having been made March 3 of that year. The lake-shore from the mouth of Stony creek northward and eastward is rocky, and free from bays of any kind between there and Henderson bay. When a steady west gale is blowing, the effect of the rolling waves and dashing breaker.-* is most picturesque. In the other direction from Stony creek the .shore consists of almost barren hills of sand, in the rear of which lie in many places extensive marshes. The wide, sandy bcaeh is beaten hard by the waters in the ebb and flow of centuries, and a drive along it is a source of much enjoyment. Away to the westward stretches " The sea, the sea, ttie open sea ! The blue, the fresh, the ever free !" and in clear weather the south shore is visible in a low, dim outline, appearing of nearly the same color as the water. Lake Ontario is a noble sheet of water, and many of its choicest beauties of shore scenery are to be found in Hen- derson. In fact, there is probably nothing upon its shores surpassing in loveliness the beautiful Henderson harbor. This harbor, for extent, safety, and facility of access, has not its superior on the lake. This circumstance gave value to the township, in the oj)inion of the early proprietors, and had a beginning been properly made and directed with suitable energy, the place might at this time have been an important commercial point. The town was surveyed into lots, in 1801, by Benjamin Wright, of Rome, the plan of subdivision being similar to that of Adams, into lots and quarters. In 1805 lot No. 20, near the present village of Henderson Harbor, was sur- veyed into twenty lots, or four ranges, of ten lots each, for the purpose of a village. The town of Henderson began to settle, under the agency of Asher Jliller, of Rutland, about 1802, the land books showing that Thomas Clark, Samuel Stewart, Philip Cru- mett, John Stafford, and Peter Cramer had taken up lands in this toven, to the extent of 1195 acres, on October 26 previous. Moses Barret, William Petty, Daniel Spencer, Captain John Bishop and .sons, Calvin,* Luther, Asa, and Sylvester, Jedediah and James McCumber, Samuel Hub- bard,f Elijah Williams, Levi Seofield, William Johnson, David Bronson, John and Marvel Danley, Andrew Dal- rymplo, Luraan Peck, Jonathan Crapo, George W. Clark, Thomas Drury, Anthony Sprague, Daniel Forbes, Emory Osgood, and many others settled within two or three years from the opening of settlement, being mostly emigrants i'rom New England. On Henderson bay, three miles east of the little village of Hender.son Harbor, a Scotch settlement was formed in 1803-7 by John and Duncan I)rummon2, and died at Oberlin, Oiiio, August 16, 1875, having nearly completed his 83d year. The old Sylvester Finney farm is a mile south of Henderson village. One of Sylvester Fin- ney's sons, Zenas, owned a farm near the upper point of Henderson harbor, now the j)roperty of Eaton Alexander. Another sou, George W. Finney, became widely noted for his lectures on the subject of temperance. He finally died in California. THE VILLAGE OP HENDERSON HARBOR occupies the site of the village of Naples, previously men- tioned. When Naples was laid out a lot of four acres was reserved for a public square, and donated to the village by Mr. Henderson. On this lot a frame school-house was built by Jesse Hopkins in 1812. The first school was probably taught here in 1813 ; the teacher was a lady, whoso name is now forgotten. The Jirst school in the town of Henderson was kept in a log school-house, which stood one and a fourth miles south of Henderson village, in the winter of 1808-09. The teacher was Alfred Forbes, or Fobes. Before the sehool-house was built at Henderson Harbor, Dr. Ellas Skinner, the Jirst jjlii/sician who settled in town, and who lived here, taught school in one end of his dwelling. He is remembered by those who attended under him as a "brisk wielder of the birch and rule,"' and had his switches (!) graded in length to reach either a long or short distance, and no pupil was safe from their tender touches, no matter in what part of the room he might be. John Blanehard taught in the school-house in the winter of 1S17-1S, and was chiefly remarkable for the accuracy he had acquired in throwing at the heads of his pujiils any missile upon which his hand happened to alight. A man named Bancroft taught either just before or just after Mr. Blanehard. The sclu)ol-house now in use is a frame build- ing, standing on the hill in the eastern portion of the vil- lage, and is the third one which has been erected at the place. One of the three was burned. Samuel Cole, from Rhode Island, .-icttled at Henderson Harbor iu 1812, where he engaged in the tanning and slioemaking business. In 1817 he removed to a farm near Hender.«on village, which was owned by Thomas Drurj% the widow of whose son (Thomas Drury, Jr.) !Mr. Cole mar- ried after the death of his first wife. While Mr. Cole was in business at the Harbor he associated with him a man named Dye, to whom he afterwards sold. Dye dispo.sed of the property to Benjamin Andrus, who afterwards removed to a farm acro.ss the bay iu the western part of town, and finally to Oswego county. Mr. Cole emigrated from Hen- derson village to the Slate of Wisconsin, where he died. His brother, Jonathan Cole, who settled at Henderson vil- lage in 1814, is still residing there, and has long held the position of deacon in the Baptist church. William W. Warner, from Rens.sclaer Co., N. Y., came to Henderson Harbor in March, 1813. He had in 1811 located on Galloo island, but after the declaration of war and the commencement of hostilities he removed to the maiidand. During the season of 1813 he, in conifiany with others, including Jesse Hopkins, built a small schooner called the Ileiiiliison, of about 40 tons burden. In Octo- ber of that year this vessel was impressed into the service of the United States, after which Captain Warner sailed her. This vessel was with the unfortunate expedition of General Wilkinson in the fall of 1813. She was burned after landing the men at Ogden.sburgh, to prevent falling into the hands of the British. In the spring of 1814 he built a vessel of fifty tons, called the Lily. She was sold in the spring of 1815, and the Auffiisia purchased from the Gov- ernment. Captain Warner's death occurred at Henderson Harbor in 1817. Captain Warner's son, Capt. John S. Warner, began sailing in 1817, and led the life of a sailor until 18tJl, — a period of forty-four years. Since then he has resided at the Harbor. In 1850 he purchased the " Frontier House," then a private dwelling, and in 18ljl repaired it thoroughly and opened it as a hotel, with the present name. He car- ried it on until 1876, when he rented to Capt. Edward White, the present landlord. When the Warners first located here (1813), a hotel was kept by Hinckley Stevens, who probably built it. It stood opposite the site of the present " Frontier House," and was kept by Stevens and others until about 1830. While the old hotel was running, a second one was built by a man named Chandler. It was opened in the fidl of 1826, and stood on the west side of the road, on the corner south of the present Frontier House. These hotels were all frame buildings. Chandler's was burnt about 1863. Subsequent to the War of 1812 a considerable business was done at the Harbor in the way of buying and shipping stock and grain, which at that time went to Kingston. The first wheat ev«r shipped from here by water was taken out by Capt. J. S. Warner, on the schooner Richard J/.> and carried to the Genesee river, from whence it was taken to Rochester. In 1842 and '43 a small steamer, called the John Maishidl, Capt. J. S. Warner, made tri-weekly trips between Hendei-son Harbor and Kingston. During the .seasons of 1876 and '77 the steamer J. F. Dnyin, Capt. Reuben Warner, plied between Henderson and Sacket's Harbors, connecting at the latter place with trains on the Utica and Black River railway. Ship-building was largely carried on at Henderson Harbor until recently. The last vessel constructed here was the Jennie While, a schooner of about 350 tons, capa- ble of carrying 15,000 bushels of wheat, — now engaged in the lake trade between Ogdensburgh and Chicago. The village has a picturesque location on the eastern shore of the bay, and in the summer presents quite a lively appearance, owing to the numbers of people who come here to spend that seiison in pleasure. And to no place could they go and find better facilities for enjoyment. Here are all the requirements for fishing and boating, together with 3S-t HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the many beauties spread forth by the lavish hand of uature. HENDERSON VILLAGE. About 1807-8 a deacon of tlie Presbyterian denomination, named Follows, built a saw-mill and a grist-mill* on Big Stony creek, and originated the settlement which has grown into the present prosperous village. These mills soon after- wards became the property of John Putnam, who finally dis- posed of them to Lodowick Salisbury. The latter, in 1812, made general repaii-s upon them, lie had, in 1811, opened the _/?)•«< store in the village, in which, in 1812, Lowrey Bar- ney, now a physician of long practice, was clerk. Salisbury procured a portion of his goods at Utiea and Albany, although they mostly came through by night from Mon- treal, and were transported in bateaux. The second store in the town of Henderson was opened in 1809 or '10, about three miles southeast of Henderson village, by Williams & MeCumber, and Dr. Barney also clerked for them. These men afterwards engaged in the lumber business, and at last succumbed to bad management or the shortcomings of irre- sponsible creditors. As eiirly as 1812 a building was erected and occupied by Amos White and James Nash as a carding-mill. These men sold to a company, which was formed .May 25, 1814, known as the " Henderson Woolen-Manul'aeturiiig Com- pany," of which Elihu Shepard was president. The first trustees were Allen Kiiby, Hezckiah Doolittle, Joseph Dickey, Tilley F. Smead, and Chester Norton. A consid- erable sum of money was expended in improvements, in- cluding the building of a woolen-mill. The property finally reverted to the original owners, Messrs. White & Nash. The former carried on the mil! and carding-machine for a while, and sold it to A'alentine Parker, who, being a mill- wright by trade, converted it into a grist-mill, afler selling the machinery to parties at Watcrtown. Since then it has been operated as a grist-mill, and is now the property of Luther Reed. Parker's father, Joseph Parker, was among the early settlers of the town. A second grist-mill is running at the village, which was built by George Finney. After placing in it one run of stone, Finney disposed of a share to Alonzo Leffinu:well, and the two are the present proprietors. The mill is one of the best in the county, and has a large custom. A distillery was built by a man named Calkins, about 1810-11, and was the first in the place. Another was afterwards owned by William Henderson, and operated by his agent, Nathan Goodell, as early as 1815-16. Corn was taken by Mr. HendersDU in payment for land, and manu- factured into whisky, which brought a fair price in cash. About 1S08-9, Deacon Fellows built his house, — a plank and frame structure, — and opened a tavern, the first at the village. He sold this, together with his mills, to John Putnam, who in turn dLsposed of the whole property to Lodowick Salisbury. The latter afterwards associated with • The grist-mill was burned about 1870. It wan then the properly of G. W. Finney, who in ISTI erected a new grisi-uiill on the aits of Ihe old saw-mill, kucwn as Iho " Kurcka Mills," now owned by Ij. \V. Finney and A. M. Lt-flingwoll. him Martin T. Morseman, now of Saekot's Harbor, and the property w;is subseijuently all disposed of to other parties. Salisbury has been dead a number of years. A short time previous to 1812 a post-office was established at Henderson Harbor, and Mark Hopkins appointed post- master. He vras succeeded by Mr. Stevens, father of Sliu- bael Stevens, who now lives in the town. The office, after a short time, was removed to Henderson village, on the resignation of the postmjister at the Harbor, and the first man installed as postmaster at the village was Rev. Holland Weeks, a Swedenborgian preacher. His successor was Henderson Spencer. The present incumbent is diaries H. Sprague. Henderson Harbor has been without a post-office since its removal to the village. Dr. Daniel Barney, the second physician in the town of Henderson, was originally from Rhode Island. In 1794 he removed to Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N. Y., and from there afterwards into JofTersoii County, living successivelj' in Rutland, Adams, and Henderson, settling in the latter town in 1807. He died May 19, 1828. His son. Dr. Low- rey Barney, now residing at the village, began practicing in 1814. He received a dijiloma in 1822 from Fairfield Medical College, Herkimer county. Henderson Village was long known as Salisbury's Mills, and this name is used freciuently at present. It is located in the valley of Stony creek, principally on the north side of the stream, and about three and one-half miles from its mouth, and is surrounded by a good agricultural region. STOCK. Among the fine herds in this town is that of Simeon Mather, near Roberts' Corners. The cattle are of the Dur- ham or short-horn variety, and among them is the famous Bull "Lord Mervin, 4th," a magnificent animal. (Sea view.) WASHINGTON LODGE, NO. 256, ¥. AND A. M., was organized at Henderson JIareh 10, 1816, with Emory Osgood, M. ; Noah Tubbs, S. W. ; Daniel Leonard, J. W. In 1824 it contributed half the expense of building a Bap- tist chnreh, the second story being fitted for a lodgo-rooui. About 1832 it sold out to the society and was discontinued. THE HIi.NDEllSON SOCI.\L LIBKARV was formed Feb. 9, 1819, of which Percival BuUard, Peter N. Cushman, Chester Norton, Rufus Hatch, Thomas Fobes, Allen Kilbey, and Elijah Williams were elected the first trustees. THE FIRST BAPTI.>«T CHURCH OF HENDERSON was formed June 26, 1806, at the house of Merril Danley, by Emory Osgood, who officiated as pastor till Sept. 11, 1823. In October, 1818, the members being scattered, a new church was formed from this, the parent body being the same that now worships at Smithville, and the colony that of Henderson village. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHCRCH OF SMITHVILLE was formed Sept. 29, 1823, with Henry Keith, Austin Robbins, aud Ebenezer Sumner, trustees. This society, in Leonaf{d Scaton, S^ ^ ^^^'>z ^ao-^?^.. Resioencc of LEONARD SZATONJii.,HcNOEi he engaged in the mercantile business in Smithville, in which he continued for seven years, disposing of his business in 18G9 and moving i^n to his farm, near the above-named village, where he now resides. He was post- master of Smithville twelve j'cars; was elected a member of the legislature of the State of New York in 1857 ; was ap- pointed deputy collector of customs at Sacket's Harbor in 1861, and served two years, resigning that position in 1803 to engage in the mercantile business; was elected sheriff of his native county in 1872, and served one term. In all of these important positions Mr. Babbitt gave general satis- faction to his constituents and to the people at large. Faithful to every trust in him reposed, diligent in the dis- charge of his official duties, honest in his opinions, and fair and impartial in the administration of the affairs pertaining to his several offices, he necessarily won golden opinions as an honest legislator and an upright man. As an evidence of his enterprise, we might mention that in the spring of 1854 he, in company with his brother-in- law and Dr. Hiram Salisbury, of Elmira, N. Y., went to Missouri and purchased a drove of sheep, which they drove acro.ss the plains to California, where they disposed of them at a fair profit. Ho returned to his home in this county in the fall of 1855. On the 9th of Aug., 1845, he was united in marriage with Miss Harriet Augusta, daughter of Hon. Elihu M. McNeil. She was born in tienderson, July 14, 1824. Her father was one of the early settlere of Hender- son, having moved into the town with his father at ilic age of nine years, coming fnnn Hatfield, Mass. He was a member of the legislature of the State of New York in 1842 and 1840; was also a member of the convention that revised the constitution of this State in the summer and fall of 1846. Mr. Babbitt's general character is so well known, and, we may add, so highly appreciated by the people of Jeffer- son Count}', that anything of a laudatory nature we could adduce would be superfluous. Every one will agree with us we feel assured, when we summarize hiiu as an intelligent citizen and an honest man. HtlRBERT Dk.mont B.\bbitt, only SOU of Gcorge and Harriet A. Babbitt, was born at Smithville, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Nov. 3, 1847. He received a common-school and aca- demic education, attending Union Aeadenij' and Hunger- ford Collegiate Institute. He spent .several years as clerk in his father's store, and there learned those liabits of industry and gained the business knowlcdjie that have cbaracterizcl 388 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. his subscf|uent career. While cng-aged with his father in the peacoCul occupation of mercantile husincNS, the safety of the Union was inijierillud, and he left his fatlior's house and went to its defense, enlisting as a private soldier, joining the One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Regiment, commanded hy Colonel Rradlcy Winslow, and served until the close of the war. He took part in the assault on Petersburg, on the 2d of April, 18G5, and participated in several engagements of lesser importance. On his return he resumed his clerk- ship with his father. On the organization of the national guards of the State of New York, he was appointed aid-de- camp, with the rank of lieutenant, on the staff of Brigadier- General Bradley Winslow, his old colonel in the army, and is still on General W.'s staff as inspector of rifle practice, with the rank of major. In 1873 ho was appointed deputy sheriff by his father, and at the expiration of his father's term of office he received the appointment to the same office from the present sheriff, A. W. Peck, Esq. He has made an CTninently faithful and efficient officer. On the 30th of June, 1874, he was married to Miss Lsabella Merriam, daughter of Samuel G. Merriam, Esq., of New Haven, Oswego Co. She was born Blay 23, 1851. This union has been blessed with one child. Portraits of l^Ir. and Mrs. George Babbitt, and of Mr. and Mrs. H. D. Babbitt, together with an illustration of the residence of tlie former, adorn our pages elsewhere in this work. TRUMAN ORSON WHITNEY, son of Erastus and Hannah Whitney, was born in Hender- son, ]\Iarch 11, 1813. His father married, for his first wife, Hannah Jerome, by whom he had six children, namely, John, Truman Orson, Randal, Dorval, Safrona, and Maria. His second wife, Betsy Wood, had four chil- dren, — Ilannali, Elfrieda, Eveline, and Fanny. His father died in October, 1855, and his step-mother in 1874. Martha ^Vood, daugliter of James and Barbara Wood, w;ls born in Ellisburg, August C, 1815. Her father mar- ried Barbara Ireland, by whom he had eleven children, as follows: Epinetus, Timothy, Steven, Horace, Mary, Dolly, Hepsey, Martha, Betsy, Julia, and P^mma. Her mother died in 185G, and her father in 18G4. T. O. AVhitney was married to Martha Wood, in Ellis- burg, March 12, 1840, and commenced housekeeping in Henderson April 10 of the same year, where they lived until his death, and where his widow still resides. Mr. Whitney held the office of assistant revenue assessor from 1863 to 1867, and was sujicrvisor of the town in 1SG3. In the spring of 1872 he was wounded in the ankle by the accidental discharge of a gun, and his foot was amputated by Dr. Grafton, of Watertown. In a short time, by the aid of an artificial foot, his loss was hardly noticed. He died March 3, 1876, after a brief sickness of two weeks, aged sixty-three years. He was one of the pioneers of the county, having immigrated to the town nearly fif'tv years ago. He was a man of considerable ability, and faithfully fulfilled the various offices of trust to which he was elected. He was one of the heaviest farmers of the town, having in his possession at the time of his death about 450 acres of land, all in one farm. In his death the people felt that they had lost one of their best citizens. Speaking of liis burial, a correspondent to the press says, " The funeral of T. 0. Whitney was held at his late resi- dence on Sunday last ; sermon by Rev. L. Rice, Univer- salist minister. A larger concourse of people I have seldom seen. People from all parts of the town and from several other towns were present. The house, though capacious, could not contain the throng." Mr. Whitney was a Republican in polities ; and, although a member of no denomination, he was a regular attendant of the Universalist church. He was perfectly temperate in his habits, using neither liquor nor tobacco in any fbrm whatever. Truman 0. and Martha Whitney had four children, namely, Elvira, born August 6, 1841 ; was married to Al- bert Benedict, of Waterville, Oneida county, N. Y., June IG, 1869; has two children, — Clarence, horn Aug. 21, 1872 ; Ada, born Dec. 8, 1874. Myron J., born January 27, 1843 ; he enlisted in Co. K, N. Y. Vol. Inf , was in the battles of South IMountain, Antietam, and both battles of Fredericksburg; he was honorably discharged in 1863; he married Florence White January 28, 1872; they have two children, — Edward 0., born December 27, 1872, and Myron Lee, born May 23, 1876. Byron, born October 23, 1849; died August 25, 1857. Jay, born January 12, 1856. Portraits of Mr. and Mrs. Whitney, together with an illustration of the old homestead, can be seen elsewhere in this work. GEORGE W. COLLINS was the only .son (of a family of seven children) of John Collins, one of the earliest pioneers of the town of Water- town, where the .■subject of this sketch was born July 11, 1S22. He received a limited education at the district schools of his native town. At the age of twenty-one he commenced life for himself, having previously lived with and a.ssisted his father on the homestead farm, which he after- wards worked himself. On tlie 15th of January', 1843, he was united in marriage with Fanny Stewart, daughter of William Stewart, Esq., an old and prominent citizen of Fulton county, tliis State. Five children were given them, of whom all survive but one which died in infancy. Their names are: Helen J., Franklin M., George H., and De Witt C. In 1SG5, Mr. Collins removed to the town of Henderson, and first rented the farm known as the A. C. Clark place, which he subsequently purchased. It contains 240 acres, and is kept in an admirable state of cultivation. On May 22, 1877, he sustained tlic loss of his wife, who had been to him a true and faithful companion, sharing his early struggles, and as.si.sting, by her thrift and fine domestic <|ualities, in his success. This was a sore bereavement to him, and one which will evidently leave its impress on his life for a long lime to cnme. In per.>ional character, Mr. C. is a gentleman of un- blemished reputation, and one who enjoys the respect and Gr G-.WHITNEY f^lRS.Q.GMhlTHEY Residence of &.G-. WHITNEY, HmoERSONjemRsoN Co N. Y. HesiocNCi or GiORGL BUHNLL, fitHaiHSOH.JtniHUQn CoJ.Y. ■ HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 389 esteem of his fellow-townsmen. In politics he is a Demo- cnit of the good old Jefforsoiiian school. In religious be- lief ho is liberal, never liaving afBliatcJ with any particular deuoujination. (See illustration on another page.) A. D. STANLEY was born in the town of Rutland, this county (whither his father removed in ISIO), July 5, 1818. In the year 1823 he removed with his father to the farm now occupied by 0. M. Stanley, adjoining the one on which he now resides, and an illustration of which can be seen elsewhere in this work. Mr. Stanley married Mi.ss Jlary, daughter of Jonas Benjamin, PIsij., an early and highly respected settler of the town of Hounsfield. Three children have been born to them, namely, De Forrest, Charles, and Homer; all, ex- cept De Forrest, residing at home; and he is married, and lives in the next house to his father's. The father of Mr. Stanley was a minute-man in a cavalry regiment in the War of 1S12, and was stationed at Sacket's Harbor during the trouble there. In politics the old gentleman was a Wiiig; and A. I), is a Rejiublican. In religion he is liberal, but a regular attendant of the Uuiversalist church. He owns 400 acres of land in one body ; is a straightfor- ward and honest bu.sine.ss man, and a good citizen. (See purtrait.s of himself and wife, with illustration.) LEONARD SEATON. Among the prominent pioneers of the towns of Ellis- burg and Henderson none were better known or more liighly respected than was the subject of this sketch. For nearly sixty years he was closely identified with the busi- ness and material development of those towns, and by his integrity and general fair dealing won a reputation that will last through succeeding generations. Leonard Seaton was born in Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., Aug. 1, 1794. At the age of thirteen he was apprenticed to Rufus Barnes, of Rome, N. Y., to learn the trades of tanning, currying, and boot- and shoe-making, at which he served seven years. The only educational advantages he received were those afforded at the district school, which he attended during the winter months. In March, 1814, he volunteered a.s a private soldier in the war then going on with Great Britain, serving under General Dearborn. He marched to Sacket's Harbor, where he served until the cessation of hostilities, when he received an honorable discharge. In 1817 he came into Jeffer.son County, and purchased lands in the towns of Elli.sburg and Henderson, upon which he continued to work, during the summer months, until 1820, when he effected a permanent settlement in the former town. He thus became a genuine pioneer, and a.ssisted in the material development of those towns. In 1822 he united in marriage with Miss Polly Pennell, a native of Oneida 'county, by whom he had five children, namely, Andrew P., Boynton C, Leonard, Jr., Francis P., and Samuel G., of whom all except the daughter are living; she became the wife of S. M. Clark, of Iowa, and died in 1874. Ill July, 1834, Mre. Seaton deceased, and shortly thereafter Mr. Seaton married Sarah S. Chapman, which union resulted in eight children, namely, Mary M., Ar- minda D., Cornelia, Chauncey E., Ambrose B., George L., Loui.sa, and Herbert J., of whom all but Cornelia survive. She died j'oung. In 1837 Mr. Seaton removed into the town of Hender- son, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred August 15, 1872, when seventy-eight years and fifteen days old. By his death the coinniunity lost an hdiioiable and upright citizen, his familj' a kind and loving husband and father. He was a man whose character re- mained unblemished to the last, and perhaps the death of no citizen of the town was more deeply lamented. He took a deep and lasting interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of Ids town, and, although he never sought office, he was made asses.sor and comnii.ssioner of Ellisburg for twenty years. In politics he was a Democrat of the Jeffcrsonian school. By industry and close attention to business he accumulated a fair competence, and thus left his widow, who still survives him, and is now hale and hearty, though in her sixty-seventh year, comfortably situ- ated in this world's goods. LEON.\iti) SE.iTON, Jr., third son of the above, was born July IS, 1827, and was brought up to and learned the same business as his father had learned before him. Young Leonard received his education at the district school, with one or two terms at Belleville Academy. In 1862 he closed out his business at a sacrifice and enlisted in the army, and was promoted tte himdrcd and two years, his birth dating back to the beginning of the " War for Independence." William and Charles Green, and others of the family, came from Rhode Island, and, after stopping for some time in Rensselaer county, settled in the town of Pinckncy, Lewis county, in 1812. Charles Green at one time took a contract for clearing timber in the very heart of what is now the flourishing city of Utica. William Green served in the War of 1812, probably volunteering from Lewis county. About the year 1816 his crops in that county were almost entirely destroyed by frost, and, leaving everything behind, he soon after started with his family and walked to Adams, where he resided until 1836, when he again removed and made a final settlement in Ilounsfield, where his death occurred about 1866. Charles Green, who came to Adams at about the same time with William, is still living in that town, and affords another example of tenacious and hardy age, being now ninety-eight years old. Ebenezer Allen, a native of Windsor county, Vermont, settled with his family in March, 1808, on the place now owned by his grand.son, Lebbeus F. Allen, great lot 38. The family at that time consisted of himself, his wife, and ten children, of whom the oldest was twenty years and the youngest about eleven months of age. A log house was at once erected upon the place and other imjirovements made. Mr. Allen had served five years in the Bevolutionary army, and attained the rank of major, which title clung to him through life. His son Leonard, father of Lebbeus F. Allen, was a soldier during the War of 1812-15, and served in the operations around Sacket's Harbor, being engaged in 394 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the memorable battle which took place there on May 29, 1813. He now draws a pension for his services. Ira Inglehart, a native of Canada, removed to St. Law- rence county previous to the War of 181 2, and settled near Ogdensburgh, afterwards coming to Philadelphia, Jeiferson County, and next to Watertown. He served in the Amer- ican army during the war, participating in the Sacket's Harbor fight, and in the fall or winter of 1815 left Water- town and made a final settlement in school district No. 6, now called ** Jericho," in Hounsfield, where he owned a fine farm. His son, C. W. Inglehart, has been a resident of the village of Sacket's Harbor for fifteen years, and over sixty years an inhabitant of the town, having come to it with his father in 1815. In the southern portion of the town settlements were also made quite early, more especially towards the eastern boundary, in the neighborhood of Stowell's Corners. Na- than Baker was among the early comers, locating some time previous to the year 1807, near the south line of the town. The following account of the loss of a child in the woods near the Price settlements was written by Mr. David Mer- ritt, an Englishman, who settled here in February, 1805 : *' The parents of the child had recently sctUcd in the woods, half a mile from any other dwelling. It was of a Lur(I's-I>:iy evening, about sunset; the father set out to visit his nearest neighbor, and, unobserved by him, his son, a child of four years, followed him. The father tarried nn hour or two and returned, not having seen the little wanderer. The mother anxiously inquired for her child, supposing her husband ha 1 taken him with him ; their anxiety was great, and immediate, though fruitless, seareh was made for the little fugitive. Several of the nearest neighbors were alarmed, and the night was spent to no purpose in searching for the child. On Monday a more extensive search was made by increased number.", but in vain j and the distressed parents were almost frantic with grief and fearful apI>rehenaion8 for the child's safety. " Another afflictive and sleepless night passed away, and the second morning beamed upon the disconsolate family, the child not found, and by this time (Tuesday) reports were in circulation of a panther's having been seen recently in the woods by some one. This circum- stance gave a pungency to the grief and feelings of every sympa- thetic heart unknown before, and the timid and credulous were ready to abandon any further efforts to recover the child, and give the dis- tressed parents up to despair. '* It was, however, concluded to alarm a still more extensive circle, and engage fresh volunteers in a work that must interest and arouse even the unfeeling on common occasions. A messenger was dis- patched to Sacket's Harbor, a distance of six miles; it was in itself an irre:*iHtible appeal to every feeling heart. To teel was to act. "Messrs. Luff. Ari sitting on a small mossy hillock, in the middle of a swamp, surrounded by shallow water. When the man who first approached him extended bis arms and stooped to take him up, he shrunk from him and appeared frightened, and showed a disposition to get from him. But he was much ex- hausted, and seized eagerly an apple that was held to him. Had he not been rescued from his situation, he probably would have died at that spot."* EAST HOUNSFIELD POST-OFFICE. About the beginning of the War of 1812, Stephen Blan- chard, a man who is remembered by many now living, moved to this place from the State of Vermont. About 1820 he built a hotel, which is still standing as the upright part of the present " Half-way House." The locality was long known as " Blanchard's Corners," and the hotel as the " old Blanchard Stand." The building has been repaired and refitted, and is now under the management of William Warren. Blanchard never had any children of his own, and has been dead about thirty years. " Steve Blanchard ' is, however, remembered as one of the old-fashimied stamp of country landlords, and the " Corners" have witnessed many a jollification at the old hotel. In the neigliborhood of 1850 a post-office was established, the first postmaster being Nelson Jones, who held the office until the beginning of Lincoln's administration, when Mar- vin B. Scovill was appointed. Upon the election of Gen- eral Grant to the presidency the present incumbent, William Warren, was appointed, and has held it continu- ously since. The mail was originally carried over the Watertown & Sacket's Harbor plank-road, and delivered here daily. At present it is transported by rail, and de- livered at the station three-fourths of a mile south of the office. Mr. Warren's father, Thomas W. Warren, emigrated from St. John's, New Brunswick, about 1824-5, and settled near Blanchard's ('urners, where he now resides. A CJiecse- Factory was built here in the spring of 1870, which has made a market for the surplus milk of the neighborhood, and been a source of profit for patrons and proprietors. The only article of manufacture is cheese, and from one thousand to fourteen hundred has been the annual average number. For the season of 1877 the number will reach about twelve hundred. They have brought an average price in market of about seven dollars. The build- ing is a frame structure, and stands a short distance west of the corners. ROADS. Among the early niads in the town were, one leading from Sacket's Harbor to Rome, Oneida county, laid out by commissioners appointed by the State, and money raised for its improvement afterwards, in 1813; a road four rods wide, authorized by an Act of the Legislature, April 8, 1808, to run from Brownville or Hounsfield and "unite with the great road leading from Home to the Iliver St. Lawrence, at Putnam's Ferry ;" a military road, built in 1819, from Sacket's Harbor east through Brownville, Pa- melia, F(Uir Corners, &c., to Plattsliurgli (^only jiortions of it ever completed) ; the Oneida and Jefferson turnpike, for • Hist, of Jotr. Co. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 395 Ihe construction of whkh a compnny was incorporated April 8, 1S08 ; tlie Watcrtown aud Satkct's Ilarlmr plaiik- ruad, Ijuilt in 1847-S, and others. When the country was settled the only road.s were path.s through the woods, or blazes on the forest-trees to guide the traveler on his way, and it early lucanie in'ecs.>'ary to introduce lliese im- provements. The main thoroughfares were laid out liberally as to width, and much credit is deserved by the 6rst comers to the rcjiioii for their painstakinjr in the way of iu)prove- mcnt and advancenient in all things for the public good. UAII.KO.VUS. The Trenton & Sacket's Harbor Railroad Company was chartered May 15, 1837, and commis,sioners appointed to receive subscriptions for stock, but no work was ever done. May 23, 1850, tlie Sacket's Harbor & Ellislnug Railroad Company was organized, and after numerous drawbacks and troubles the road was finally completed to Pierrepont Manor, and opened for the regular pas.«age of trains June 1, 1853. At the Manor it connected with the Rouie, Watertown & Ogdensburgh railway, and at the Harbor with the steamers of the Ontario and St. Lawrence Steamboat Company. The road continued its existence until 1862, when it was finally abandoned. The Sacket's Harbor branch of the Utica & Black River railway was completed to the village, and trains began to pass over it in the spring of 1875. It has a fair business, principally freight, and three trains daily in each direction. CANAL. "About 1S23 a project was brought up for diverting a portion of the waters of the Blaclt river from the lower pond in Watertown into Pleasant anil Mill tfrccks, to su]>pl^- a water-jiower to Sacket's Har- bor. The subject was referred by the legislature to the attorney- general for his opinion, who decided that private property had often been taken for private purposes: but from the opposition of H. Cof- fecn, 0. Stone, and others, through whose lands the canal would pass, with active influence at Brownviile, the measure was then defeated. In 1825 the effort was renewed, and an act passed April 20, 182j, which authorized Joseph Kiiuball, Amos Catlin, and Daniel Hall, Jr., to divert the surplus waters of the river into Pleasant and Stony creeks in Adams, Hounsfield, anly with it. Being still determined to prosecute the matter, a meeting was called at Sacket's Harbor, February l.'t, lS2fi, at which strong resolutions, urging their necessi- ties and deprecating the proviso of the law, were passeii. The annual loss and inconvenience to farmers for want of the privilege was esti- mated at from $10 to $50 each for those on the lake-shore and vicinity, and measures were taken to get the obnoxious restriction removed by the legislature. On the ITth of April, l.S2r>, the act was amended; but still the work was attended with in 1830, from llunlington's Mills, two miles above the village of Watertown, to the Big .Swamp, and in 1832 it was finished, sup- plying to the village of Sacket's iiarlnir a valuable water-power, upon which were erected there a grist-mill, two saw-u)ills, plaster-mill, paper-mill, furnace, etc. The law was so framed, however, as to give rise to litigation. The greatest difliculty encountered was in main- taining the first half-mile of the ditch, which was constructed along theumrgin of Black river, where it was liable to be washed away on one side and filled by slitles of clay and sand on the other. These difficulties finally led the work to be abandoned, after having been in use about ten years, to the pecuniary loss of all parties concerned."* SCHOOLS. The first .school in the town was probably taught in the village of Sacket's Harbor. Outside the village the earliest school we have been able to learn anything of was taught in the winter of 1808-9, in the '' Jluskalmige" neighborhood. The building used was an old log dwelling, and the teacher was probably Ainasa Fox. The next season (1809) a frame school-house was built, — the first in this part of the town, if not the first in all the territory included in it. It is yet standing on the farm of George Frazier, and is now occu- pied as a dwelling, after having been to some extent re- modeled and reimired. At Blanchard s Corners, now East Hounsfield Post- Office, a log school-house was built previous to 1816, and stood a number of years. After this a frame house was built, which burned down, and a stone edifice was next erected, which was finally torn away and the present frame school-house built west of the old site. CHURCHES. The " Christian Church of Hounsfield" was organized in 1820, by Rev. Lebbeus Field, with a membership number- ing about forty. A division occuiTed in the church and a new organization was afterwards effected. In 1843 a neat frame church was erected near Blanchard's Corners, at a cost of about $1100. Mr. Field continued to be the main pillar of the society until age forbade him to labor longer, yet now, when nearly a hundred years old, he occa.sionally finds his way to the tabernacle and listens to words from other lips, sjieaking upon the same subjects which he discussed more than half a century ago. The present membership of the church is not large. The " Seventh-Day Baptist Religious Society" was formed December 26, 1847, with Benjamin Maxson, Elias Frink, John Utter, Nathan Truman, and John Witter, trustees. A church was built in the neighborhood known as "Sulphur Springs," which is still standing. The so- ciety holds its meetings on the seventh day, — Saturday, — and on Sundays the church is occupied by a Methodist * Hough. 396 IIISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. cldss, which has flourished here for many years. The latter is in eliargc of the pastor at Jacket's Harbor, at present Rev. S. M. Fisk. FIIIST TOWX- MEETING. After the organization of the town due notice was given by Aniasa Fox, E.sq., and a town-meeting was convened at the house of Ambrose Pease, and from tlience adjourned to the house of Joseph Landon, March 4, 1806. The follow- ing is a list of officers chosen : Supervisor, Augustus Sacket; Clerk, William Waring; Assessois, Amasa Fox, William Baker, Samuel Bates, Jr., Theron Hiuman ; Com- missioners of Hlgltways, Ambrose Pease, Robert Robbins ; Overseers of the 7^ow, Jotham Wilder, John Patrick ; Col- lector, Jeremiah Goodrich ; Constables, J. Goodrich, Wil- liam Galloway, John Root. The supervisors for Hounsfiold from 1806 to 1877, in- clusive, have been as follows: 1806-8, Augustus Sacket; 1808 (special meeting), Elisha Camp; 1809-18, E. Camp; 1819, Hiram Steele; 1820-23, E. Camp; 1824, Daniel Hall, Jr.; 1825, E. Camp (special meeting to fill va- cancy ), William Baker; 1826-7, Daniel Hall, Jr. ; 1828, E.Camp; 1829-41, Daniel Hall; 1842, Seth P. Newell, Jr.; 1843, Benjamin Maxon : 1844, D. Hall; 1845, Au- gustus Ford; 1846-7, B. Maxon; 1848-50, Jesse C. bann; 1851, Samuel T. Hooker; 1852, J. C. Dann; 1853-6, Edgar B. Camp; 1857-8, Daniel McCulloch ; 1859, Theodore Canfield; 1860, Sylvester I. Lewis ; 1861, Andrew Smith; 1862^, Luther Barrows; 1865, Jay Dimick; 1866, Walter B. Camp; 1867-8, Jay Dimick; 1869-72, Theodore Canfield; 1873-5, William" E. Tyler; 1876-7, Samuel N. Hodges. At the meeting above mentioned it was " Jlemiheil, That the inhnbit'tnts of this town, who shall hunt any wolf or panther in this town (though hu sboulil Isill such wolf or panther in any other town), shall be entitled to $10 bounty. " Uttiilrnl, That three delegates be appointed by this town to at- tend a general meeting of the county to nominate a suitable candidate for the legislature, at their own espcnse." Theron Hinman, Augustus Sacket, and Amasa Fox were appointed. At a special meeting called fur the pur- posse, January 10, 1807, A. Sacket, John Patrick, and Elisha Camp were chosen to represent the town at a meet- ing of delegates at Watertown, to take into consideration the military situation of the county. They were instructed to protest against any undue influences that might be exer- cised in the meeting. Annual town-meeting, held at the house of Amasa Fox, March 3, 1807: " Rrmilveii, That there shall be a bounty of twenty-five dollars paid to the inhabitant of this town who shall raise the greatest quantity of hemp above five hundred weight." Also, a bounty often dollars was voted for every wolf or panther started within the town and killed by any inhabitant thereof Elisha Camp was ajipointed surveyor to the town. 1808, — voted not to accept the State road as a town road. Annual town-meeting, March 5, 1811 : " litKihcJ, That Lutlier Kiad and .loshua Cross be permitted to retail liquor fur this day." Annual town-meeting, March 3, 1812 : " Reinhcd, That hogs be free commoners, if yoked ; the yokes to be 21 inches long by l.'i, and small hogs in proportion. •' Resolved, That any resident or land-bolder of the town, he or his agent being notified by an inh.abitant of the same that there is a patch or parcel of Canada Thistles likely to go to seed on the land in bis possession, or in the highway adjoining the same, pointing to him the place, and shall within three days thereafter neglect to mow down or destroy the same, so that they shall not go to seed, shall for- feit and pay a fine of one dollar for every such neglect, to be collected the same as an action of debt. All fines so collected shall be deposited in Town Clerk's ofiice to approjiriate as premiums to any inhabitant of this town who shall discover the most practical method of destroy- ing said thistles, and will actually destroy the most, — such appropria- tions to be under the control of the town at their future annual meetings. " Ueu'dvetl, That the above resolve is made the duty of the Consta- bles. " Resolved, That the agent shall not be individually responsible on the above resolve.'* In 1815 the poor-masters were authorized to build a poor-house for transient poor, if they thought it necessary. At a special meeting in 1824 the poor-house system was voted ag.iinst, and a remonstrance recommended to the legislature. Wolf and panther bounties were continued until 1816. A bounty of fifty cents was offered on each fox scalp in 1822, 1823, and 1831. In 1828 the highway commissioners were directed to oflfer as stock to the plank- road leading from the bridge at Dexter to Bagg's Corners, on the Watertown and Sacket's Harbor plank-road, half the cost of said bridge, and in case of refu.sal to accept, to petition that the bridge should be made a toll bridge. MILITART. From the breaking out of the War of 1812 the citizens of Hounsfield have been Imbued with an intensely patriotic spirit, which adhered to them as a result of the experiences during that war in their very door-yards, as it were, — and which was undoubtedly strengthened by the blood which flowed in their veins as descendants of a race of heroic men, — veterans of the war for independence. When the echoes of the gtins fired at the doomed Fort Sumter in April, 1861, rolled northward and reverberated among the hills and valleys of the " Em|)ire State," Jefferson County sprang at once to arms, and Hounsfield was one of the fore- most towns to send volunteers to the front. No extra in- ducement in the way of bounty was needed as an incentive to enlistment. Men came pouring in from all directions, and oftiMod themselves eagerly as defenders of the country which called them her sons. "October 19, 1S61, on the authority of Governor Morgan, of Xew York, tho barracks (Madison barracks, at Sacket's Harbor) were opened as a depot for volunteers by W. U. Camp, a citizen of Sacket's Harbor, who was named on the staff of tho governor, with tho rank of colonel, and charged with the 'command of tho volunteers to bo quartered at Sacket's Harbor.' The governor was induced to open tho barracks as a recruiting station on account of the jiatriotic as- sociations that clung to tho place in the memories of the j>cople, especially in tho northern part of tho State. In this ho wos not mis- taken, as every regiment he permitted to bo raised here was quickly filled up by the youth of the stirrounding country. Col. Camp found many of the buildings in a state of decay. To fit for occupancy some $:;0(Mt were expended in repairs. A portion of the eastern row of men's <|uarters was set aside as a hospital. mSSfJBT fW n»-. irita .aiiigmt joieij tibr die ft IK roaUeaod. [r" ■"■■*" •"■" :il riie ~ : js amid, be imad. -jl ^ ^taie jr -- die rrniiiiMinii ^gaaii^tBi trr "i*^ oiack. <*>»— ^ «a» » bad one imi ns ^mv -anm ]<£. .IVK JK SardL aBfci X;.. jEoibas. -iiB, . TM die imak - ' mtU-. - -fmrnrrx mut -mt. ^anni « rinMT Jntttc- leeHveti dieir smniEy die vgiim '"■»■■" ami "OLi l^ll >(^ifa» Beaadof df a oft onae bv die a>«a-r -^i iiw? -p oaa. v» die aeon ir ifeoaw: - li CO «■■& -»aso. d» eir tjuiUi*: — «. jr^'i'j. "n.a ■ di«?fr Tmuy ■'fhra ; ^-iii.;:-„ T«H»e. ■ aiHaiB •^ -BBTT lUk 71^ i warn*-. 'te 7i^ ;. T^rir il««t CZi^ All? T^ J|^,~i 3Bea ±aiK Suob^ EJMSh. m VMS tM * rwH TMi fw mi him 'niiiiiiini x boMfanil iia3Hs so '''- X .Mr. Luff died at .•^ackl■t'9 Iliirljnr in 1S22, greatly vcspcctcil. ^ Houjjh-. 11 Ue-jords uf tliu souifty. 20 and navy stationed here, who were anxious to have re- ligious privileges, although not members of a church. Rev. Samuel F. Snowden was hired as their first minis- ter, on a salary of one thou.sand dollars a year, his services to begin March 1, 1817. When the church was formed .several of the army and navy became members of it. These, on removing, Ibruu'd societies at distant poiut.s, — at Green Bay, Sault Ste. Marie, and elsewhere. In September, 1817, a site for a church was given by Thomas L. Ogdcn, and in 1818 au effort was made to raise funds for building a church. The work was attended with success, and in the following year a church Wiis built, the raising Uiking place September 23, 1819. In the great fire of August 19,Tf 1843, it was destroyed. The Rev. Mr. Judd and vestry of the Episcopal church soon after ten- dered the society the use of their church on Sunday after- iiouiis, which wa.s respectfully declined, and the se.ssion-hou.sc fitted up until a new church could be built. A brick church, 48 by 64, on the corner of Broad and Main streets, was built in 1840, at a cost of 80000. A parsonage b:is also been purchased. The old church was a large frame building, of au old style of architecture, and was alwa^-s filled on meeting occa- sions. It was not an uncommon sight to see Genei-al Brady march down from Madison Barracks, with three or four hundred tronjis belonging to the Second Regiment, then iiiM!a. ^t'yir x az^sf re msfibos. aou IT atosT IKK SoBatif^ .^ jmt ic de meaaiKS &i^£ ^ As: CBcsaais. iik "JTU. Tiiiri "^Ui: -ssHiSU ts^&L air Z«» ASn aod WBIn Tiim ■miBim . Fifr — X lani jjuiiaJla i loK vie Bfeitiy BdHBC. wIa. be lis bc- -rv Sm a- ic amie 31 K^S«k. ^ - "---T i fl a ifc -az. ^&s ^y ■ ' »"iip»"t at - - ■fsmntt J,Mntt^Kxs- niu . - ^ U.;..-n 5«w»aiL osi ir > "Ti-^c ananirc 11 •i ir-n » •»»- ;«i 111 r-. Jt : ^^ litt-m _■ ..nn_z- __. IU.-X _ ... X ^Kk (X *.L,--u. ;- _ ^ -» ■■■■■ j'^-itj-iii^ -.. ■ I .n*^ m -<>!iaiL »»]^. "it-rnr Xnz -t "SSL aii£ S9m£ ■an ~'-:^ir- Sif^. Ss&im "amjf p»hs ieam ^ar iT. ' - -' 3^K-^i-er Bet E 5L •■SnnA. Ai_ . ' 1^^ 7 3fcr .- _ :_ .^ ^--: _ _ , _- 5. »3.WKL ^ =: fcK. A. •:•. — --_.2. JkoA 7. jCer. jr ^ ' ittBT Mil- ' ~ - iiaL Aaci " - KscL fi. ^ - __ S^w;: ifw- i^ I. l»B»y- Jhi_ ESS: KeiL « K. 3^l air~ - - _ ■ ■mill"*! z^sn^oiQBr ^A. 1 *, 3sET MiBBgjfemc At- feat igmii rf' TiM^ jsE SisE lauju ^j£ hi As dU loE m i'^— juijiiMfi— met StC b^HBei "fem'S' 1 i»^ aHi£ jooBS a^i m s ei.' il. ant 3t Ker ll~-JT irnr 3i» miT miB- -rar.l lT:fS- ^*^9 Ss. iTuuxj ..uUksl :fli£ &^ -MaHinFr ^SBBJBS. n*'' IWTBr - Sler. .Jiii. * Tlut Esnami. 'Bi^in' itsE iie^ i. -n«»»^7Tiif . . C. I^r- «• laCl; Ber. 3L C Boho, Jml 1 1«C3; Ber. £. B. 11— |hKj, JaTj I 13»4; Ber. Jib* Jk. lUvwmm^ Ittt. IZ. \ ■ .^ .. .. -^. 1?«7: Ber. J. WiKbv; Ber. Xt: BdNr;^; B^r. Wils: aid Ber. Xr. WiMie^ tke Biwravae. TW fiK agMwama of (Ik mAet m J< vat wkc «■£ kaavna as -Oubo* Lt^t," af wfcidk tk>: im lecHnial mtaam^ was Ui « Sii£^<£i< OkIv Afdl 4, 1816. Ae ik« dae ike iffiiri'i wae at 61ms: Aa- -»iH S>dk«s. W. ML. i. statmm. S. W. F&e,J. IT.: KAlo^ Ti Ban Kw7, J. J>.; A. Buimuii,. Tjk^ kJ ■ JB mwtirnfcip —y rf Ae fiii^fTr rf ifce pibK jad «Aa^ |a«B «f ike iii—rj. ihm^ ikoit Jaeak 3IandL Gi^ H-wJa, GadMsa Tsde. AIbm lip- fcn. Sfure Bead. i. '"^bw i , C Xi^ J*nrffc Fteir, n«kl Pcner, aai okee, aad iknr wa. mat ^ &r ikt Kfer^aJiijijiiM CMMike^i ia ike - UaiM Ond" l«i oL k odU leSse a idb fiKeal «iik l^Hv abaat ike --Hfni— ~ af tk; = Jfis/ 1«^ Jk 318. /: J^ ^ JK.~ «K 1S1& «kk Haam Scede a> Mjaw. Ike bdge caaaat te feaaJ ia ikeTSsae ka« •if«a «3 ke fi«a ike RcaBeaMa «r «li cksie se fiar aaw iii lia- ac ^:iufs~f Hjeokt. Tk.: CafL IbHd Beai. laiaad AsMaaa, Jafaa VJ^. »jl IHwa Wirai^ma. ^mms «kg m i^i ii rf ite kike wae Alxdk Kbm^. Jaue E^ak FkU. mJ wfes. It VK iiiaa 1 aB£3 l£f7. Of ike £iar bmt fira^ ia ike vSee «k> were ■■■■tinr. Ibaad Beai ke akeaiT kee^ noKkaed. i-tkm Sacka's HaAor m tk ^n^ «f 1S19. ike ^ oT ikE ^K T«aiF. Skani XlbuKa ss^ei. koe ia 1SI4 aal jaiaed ia ISIS. H-^ ing htm At 'eaelr jc ISIT-IB ke Jwed ike M.wm b» ii-siis>BHa, aad a&aaaaii kecaiMe *. ■^■ber « Asku Lodge, fie ia aaa a^kEr-ax J«aR ^f >@e. Jfc XiBbc- ■^■ ife^^p g^ ^ BBSS iSQCK 4C ISBM ** IBC VBBH^EW ^B IbbUiHBZ^ ike dk^ aea- liBas -^ SiL I Biatfcel F«K mtx. aftick fce i^s^ aE ikat ffaee. akoe a »a «f ike Il%:.'£. Sbsam '. &i m 1353 « '4. firaed Fik. 7, lS*lk, ifM Ik aaSraMa «r < '' ::.>kd>ia r. WaAcr^ U^SJi:- Ae 3d 4f KadL l£3t. ask ikt S^bvmiK r.£A.: SeEMSHT. HsKy SasA: C. rfg, ImfcrlgME^ ' - T^SH^ir. Jails: B. A-C Ah^ Kkanr: 3L :c Wifiaa Taadka. r^3^- r ILfdT.Z^A^: X.teT_HaatorGaBh Ike ckafter -warn aBswed tia na diiaa . fcv. ^ksr bl 3l- ■f JC9K. k aoc Kcifad M Hiii^ii l^tt. eS.EULB.P.: : ^^ WxHa Wd Ge^E. 2 fas maOK 3^ 1^ l*isL akk ike iiiilMaiB, i dBrrrr : :;«Mei L««. W. JL: J«&b £. B^ £. W.: €»ea»^ C >?™a«fc J. W. : UglA F^y. IJBis.: &He Tm Tkck. a Ae fiB «f 1S53, sd iiiikw_ SmAs wm ^ae Hd ISeH Fna ik Si ^ Atf whA weil Ae U- CS'MBfl. S CBHCET ■■H3' IBC ■3Hi£ wT *" -uSIHI^BKlB JdflSSCj Ti ITi~ aiii lM»a ■ iwh ii Tail T IH ahra Ama^ a fokka. Ae «U a—e t£ ^SaAas Ha&v aae laearr «kMBer Meaiea. Tke Heybed^ ^4<^ U. a^K sae ^dfcii i : Jaaas Bmi, W. M. : ^"i*'"^* WaA- iasm. S. W.: ITii laa^ii lT iftii J. W.; J*&a Wadaag, TseK.: Gea« EL BawafcM. Sscl Tk im^ Ae mn ia lAe Ai ^ r^aa Haed.^ 3C Sk^a s H.irstcC4aiiJ«ir- 1547. ^' k a» kAs «(f Ae aadar ia sk ■L-^roeure the number of buckets required by the By-Laws of this Vilhige previous to the 22d instant, and report to the Fire War- dens, or show satisfactory cause to the Board of Trustees, at their meeting on that day at tlie school-house, why the same have not been provided, shall be prosecuted without delay. " By order of the Board of Trustees, "J. Bhtterfield, President." The village has suffered severely on several occasions from fires, the two noted as follows being the most exten- sive: " On May 23, 183S, a paper-mill of Col. Camp, at the Harbor, was burned, with a loss of from $7000 to $10,000. It had been in oper- ation about a year. "A destructive fire occurred at Sacket's Ilarljor on the morning of Aug. 21, 1S4.'', originating in a warehouse on the wharf, as was sup- ]>osed from the cinders of the steamer * St. Lawrence,' and, spreading rajiiclly, consumed nine buildings on the north side of Main street, and eight upon the s<)uth side. Passing up Bayard street, it con- sumed several barns and dwellings, and from the violence of tlie wind the flakes of burning materials were wafted to the cupola of the Pres- byterian church, which was burned. Tpon the alley or street in the rear of Main street a number of buildings and much property was burned. The whole number of buildings consumed was about forty; the loss over $?..i,000. Had this fire occurred in tlie night-time, from its rajiidity and violence, a loss of life could have scarcely been avoided. An inelTectnal suit was instituted against the steamboat company."* It is stated that had the village pos.scssed a good fire-en- gine when the last-named fire occurred, much of the prop- erty that was burned might have been .saved. Experience and loss of property seemed to be needed, however, before the neecs,sary steps wen' taken towards finiiishing an engine. At any rate, after this fire a hand-engine, manufaclurcd in Boston, Ma.ss., was procured through the instrumentality of Edmund M. Luff, then the jirincipal member of the fire company. Several persons liau^and Harrcts, will eora- nieiice ber operations on tbc ojiening of the season. She will start from Sacket's Harbor on Monday morning in every week, ])rocceding to Oswego, Sodus Bay, (icuosec River, and Niagara, toucbing at all tbese places, and Cape Vincent on her return, and completing ber route at Ogdensburgh, on tbc river St. Lawrenae. Cabin passengers will pay, '• From Sacket's Harbor to Oswego $.'!.00 Oswego to Sodus 2.00 " Sodus 10 Cencsce River 2.00 " tiencseo River to Niagara 5.00 " Sacket's Harbor tu Niagani 10.00 " '* " to CajH* Vincent 1.75 " " " to Ogdensburgb 5.00 " A reasonable allowance will at all times bo maile for Steeragc- Pas.-*cngcr8. Freigbt will be taken on board, and carefully delivered, at tbe customary rates. Francis Mallaby, Ksq., of Ibe United Stales Navy, an experienced seaman, and a gentleman eminently qualificil to fulfill Ibe duties of bis station, bas been appointed to command ihc btiaf, iinil until tbc selection of proper agents at tbc several Points, will decide all ((uestions relating to freigbt and passage. '•.M:ircb 17, 1SI7." Several packet boats Siiiled between Sacket's Harbor and Kingston, among them the Triumph, Captain Daniel Read, the Commodore I'erri/, CapUiin J. G. Parker, and tlic Rambler, Geo. R. Cheney, master, as advertised in Jlay, 1817. The average inhabitant of Sacket's Harbor "in those days"' was without a knowledge of the properties of what is now a common summer beverage, — soda-icater ; and until the pro- prietor of the " Sacket's Harbor Apothecary Store" saw fit to experiment in its manufacture, and enlighten the people as to its excellence as a cooling drink, they remained in blissful ignorance of the joys to be derived from draughts of what has been recently facetiously denominated " sweetened wind." Here is an advertisement which appeared in the Gazette, July 15, 1817: " .S'.ii/d ir.Kcr, manufactured upon correct cbeinical principles, equal to any in tbc Unite i States, now ready for delivery at the Sacket's Harbor .^polbeeary Store, sign of the Golden Mortar, oppo- site tbe Gazette office, Main Street." The exporim.Mit was umloubtcdly successful, as the adver- tisement runs through the season, and also appears in the issue of subsequent years. In 5Iay, 1817, Mr. John McMiiiamy announced that he bad opened a select school at Major Pickering's, for young ladies and gentlemen. During the summer of 1817, a venturesome individual aj)pcared in the village, announcing himself as an artist, and publishing the following advertisement : " LiKRXKSSKS. — Taken at various prices, from 2.) cents to 15 dollar.*, at a room over the tlrocery Store of Mr. L. Wbitc. " Mr. Wentwortb solicits patronage, and, for tbe short time that ho remains in Sacket's Harbor, will, if requested, call on any ladies or gentlemen, where their own or family likenesses are wanted, in Pro- file, Miniature, or Portraits. "July 8, 1817." From the following notice it would seem that the citizens of the village needed a gentle reminder occasionally that there was more dirt in the streets than was conducive to the general health of the place, and a broad hint that they needed cleaning and repairing at once: 40G HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. "The citizens of the A^illngc of Sackefs Harbor arc requested to turn out on Wednesdny, the ."JOth inst., at 8 o'clock, a.m., to repair and elciuisc the streets in the village; as many as can are requested to furnish suitable utensils — teams, plows, and scrapers will be wanted. AVhen an appeal is made to the public spirit and liberality of the Citizens of this Village, it is expected that every man will do his duty. "July 28, 1817." President Monroe, soon after his induction into office, undertook a tour through the northern section of the Union, to observe the condition of the frontier, and make such arrangements for its military security as might be deemed necessary. Having reached Ogdensburgh on the 1st of August, 1817, he was met by Major-General Brown, and attended to Rossie and Antwerp, where he was met by IMr. Lc Kay, and conducted to Le Raysville. On the 3d lie Wiis waited upon by the committee of arrangements, and escorted thence by tliree troops of horse, under Captains Loomis, Fairbanks, and White, to the house of Isaac Lee, in Watertown, where he received a concise though flattering address from the citizens, lie then proceeded to Brown- vilie, and on the 4th to Sacket's Harbor. The following account of the proceedings on the occason of his visit is tiiken from the Sacket's Harbor Gazette of August 5, 1817: '• Upon his arrival at the bridge, being the bounds of the village, he was saluted with nineteen guns from the Sacket's Harbor Volunteer Artillery. The bridge was elegantly Htteil up with nineteen triumidial arches, on which were inscribed the names of the several Prcj^idents, the first arch being surmounted by a living American eagle. Upon passing the bridge the President was introduced by the chairman of the committee to a number of veteran officers and soldiers of the Ilev- olution, who presented him the following address:* *" It is wiih iileiisure that we, a few of the survivors of the Itcvdution. re- B'ding in thifi part «>f the country, welcome the arrivnl of the chief iiiaKiftrate of the Union. It 18 with incieiisetl sjili.-fiiftion th:it wo recognize in him one of tlio iinnilxT onjiugf'il witli us in thi* urdiious ^tru•It;Ie of cstixhliphiiit; the itnl.-|K'ii'iiTiie uf our country. Wr liavi* livnl, sir, to sci- ihe fruits of our toils and struggles nmi)ly n-tilizctl in thr haiipiiiess and prosperity of our couiilry ; nnd, sir. we have the fullest cunfiiU-ncf that, under your ailministration, they will tje IianiUMl down to our posterity unlmpsiliod. Like your immortal pn-dc- C'-ft-or, the JHuBtrious Wjwhiiigton, may yoii he lionoreil hy the present ami future gvo.' "The President received tlie veterans -with great cordiality, and expressed much sntisfaclion at witnessing among them some to whom he was personally known ' in times that tried men's souls.' *' Upon his arrival at the village a national salute was fired from Fori Pike. The proocsaion opened to the right and left. He then passed through, dismounting at the civic arch in front of the Man- sion House, to which ho was conducted by Captain King, chief mar- shal of the day, betwucn two lines of children strewing flowers in his path. " Upon the President's arrival at the Mansion House stoop, perched above an awning fprmed by the national flag, on eagle was observed to flap his wings. '* The following addrej^s was then made to him by the eliairnian of the eommitteo ; '"Svckkt's lUniioR, Aug. 4, 1817. '"To Ills K.xorij,KXOT, Jamm Monroe, Pitrtiinr.NT or tiik I'mtko St\tf^: " ' //oiiorfi/ .SVr,— Tho oommitleo appointed iti helmlf of their frllow-citizonH would congnitulato Ihe l'r.*Mident of (he ruitnl Stntes upoti liiHaniviil at this place. It in with pleasure util'eigned utid unalloyed that all Uemripijons of men hohoM among Iheni. fur thf ftrH tiiiif, the rhicf magistrate of the Union. '"They look upon it as a pledge that their interests will not lie forgotten, as the situation of this «e»t'on of the coutitry will he pcriuinallij known to lilm on whom the American people have placed their hlgheitt confldenccund bcjituwed ttieir grvateMt honors. * The adilress was delivered by Major Cherry, a Revolutionary veteran, tlic President's companion in arms and superior oftieor. "'And that, althtiugh situated on tlie frontier*, remote from the centre of government, they hope to live iti the recollerliuu of him whose huppiues.s it ia to prehide over its high and exalted d'-stiriii'S. '• ' It is gratifying to learn that the ohject of your arduous tour is to ascer- tain whatever will ci.ntrihute to the interest, improvement, or d.-fense of the country. It therefore hei-onieH our duty to express the solicitude of our cun- stiiueiits as it regards iheir peculiar siluaiiun. Twiie have they been placed on the very verge of ruin hy Kucrecsive attacks in the late war. Had works of defense heen erected in romnianiling ^ituations, such atteuijits would prohahly never have lieen made, — at all events would liave heen repulsed with greater certainty and le^s expense of blood. And it will still be observable that addi- tioniil (ortificatioiis would be n'quitite to render efleclual a resistance against superior numbei-s. Yon fields, which have been dyed with the blood of Colonels Bjukus and Mills, ciin attest how much works of defense have there been needed! '"We trust the periiid is far distant when linstilities fif ever") shall again occur; but, as this may not he the fart, piudeiitial reasons wi.uld seem to indi- cate the utility of a great mHitaf;/ road in the niusl proper direilioti for uniting the resources of the conntiy with this chief military and naval dt.-pot of tlio northern frontier. " ' The extensive public, and the increasing amount of private, pnipeity, to- gether with a per-onal anxiety, we trust will be accepted a-* an ap»dogy for specifying that which doubtless has already occurred to your observation. These are subjects of minor .nijKn tancc, yet interesting to our ffllow-citizens, whitrh we hope will atti-act the notice and not be deemed unworthy the con- sidersition of the Kxerulivc of this free and enli;;ht4.-ned repiiblic-. '" We cannot conclude wjilmut expressing our convictii-n that /(*• who has for uvirly Imlf a c nlurij ilevoted bis services to his country will render his tour as eminently usi-ful as it hius lieen grati^ying to the Anieriian people. We deem it ahappinr-ss to embiace Ibis oppoit unity of personally expressing our hi^heat regard fur your piivatc character and public worth.' *"K. CABie, '"J. BlTTF.RFIELD, "'F. Whitk.' *' To which the President, iiniid Ji large concourse of citizens, made a reply, to the following purport: " 'That he could not e.\press the feelings that were excited by the respect and attention paid lini on his cnlmnce into Ihts place; that, in pni'suiug the objects of his tour, Sat ket's Harbor natnnilly liad claims to liis attention ; that he had been much gniiifietl in pa.-^sing through a country prosperous and fertile, containing a population numei-ous, haitpy, and brave; that he >hw in the people an altachiuent to their govcrnnuMil, ;ind did not consivernmenl, ami would continue to do so to the full extent that its security and conseriuetice miuired.' " The President, having been introduced to the officers of the navy by Commodore Woi)lgey, and to the marshal of the day, proceeded to review the troops, who inacle a most splendid and military appear- ance. He then viewed the 120-gun shiji that was left untini-^hed at the conclusion of the war. The sujierb ranges of stone barracks next attracted his nttention. " In the evening the village was illuminated, skyrockets and fire- works exhibited. It may well be said to have been a period of gen- eral rejoicing nnd festivity, and will form an era in the memory of those present that will ever be recollected with pleasure. "The President will embark this afternoon on the United Slates brig JoncM, cotnnianded by Commodore Woolscy, for Niagara. We understand thnt Major-General Brown and his suite will aecompnny him as far as Detroit." William Johnston, generally known as ''Bill Johnston." and who afterwards fijj;urod so prominently in the '* Patriot War," was proprietor of the "Mansion House" at the time of President Monroe's visit, and had the honor of being " mine host" to the Presidential party. Many of Mr. Johnston's children are living, some of them prominent citizens of the county, and othei-s respected citizens of Clayton. PROMINKNT PIIVSICIANS. The first regular physician who located in the village was Dr. William IJaker, who, as has been stated, settled here in 18015. Dr. Benjamin Farley, a fine pliysician, settled previous to the war. Another prouiiucnt phy- IIISTORy OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. -107 sician was Dr. James Staikwcathor, who c.itn; probably soon after the War of 1812. He was tlie fouiuler of the Sacket's Harbor Union Library, and, besides being a physi- cian of note, was among tlie foremost in pmnuting the prosperity of the village. In the first is.suj of the Sic/cet's Harbor Gdzelte the following advertisement appears : "/*A^*i'e and Sitnjt^ry. — Duct. R, U. Iliiyes respnctfully informs the citizens of Sackcfs Harbor anj the puljlie in genenil, that lie has removed to that villa<;^e, where he will make the science of Medirine and Hiirijery his only ])iir3uit. All calls in the various branches of iiis profession, left at the store of Seymour and Hayes, will be attended with promptness and pleasure." Among the celebrities who have resided in the village Wits one who gained a world-wide reputation for his discov- eries and invention^, — Dr. S.\.muel GiiTtmiE. This gen- tleman settled here after the War of 1812, his residence being near the present iron bridge acrcss Mill creek, on the Watortown road. In 1831 he discovered the article known as chloroform, at about the same timj with Soubeiran, in France, and Liebig, in Germany. " Guthrie obtained in a pure state the substance now called chloroform ; but he erroneously supposed his product to be the well-known oily liquid of the Dutch chemists, which it greatly resembles, and for the preparation of which ho believed he had fallen on a cheap and easy process. Under this impression he called the substance, in his communications, chloric ether, one of the names by which the ' Dutch liquid,' or hlchlo- ritle uf ctlii/leii, is designated. He was induced to luake the preparation from noticing, in Professor Silliman's ' Elements of Chemistry,' a reference to the Dutch li(|ui(l as a grateful diffusible stimulant, when properly diluted with alcohol and water. In relation to the anticipated importance of chloro- form, Mr. Daniel B. Smith, of this city, held the following language in July, 1832 : ' The action of this ether on the living system is interesting, and may hereafter render it an object of importance in commerce. Its flavor is delicious, and its intoxicating qualities equal to or surpassing those of alcohol. It is a strong diffusible stimulus, similar to the hydratcd ether, but more grateful to the taste.' {Jo urn. of the Fhihul. Coll. of Pharin., iv. 1 18. f* Dr. Guthrie was also the inventor of the percussion compound for firearms, and manufacturer of the " percus- sion pills," which superseded the old flint-locks, and were discharged by means of a small plunger, — they, in their turn, having more recently given place to the present sys- tem of percussion -caps. In his experiments the Doctor nearly lost his life by accidental explosion. He had at one lime an old man named Tillotson working for him, and when the old powder-mill blew up, Tillotson was buried in the ruins. The man wis an inveterate smoker, and when discovered after the explosion by the Doctor, he was cov- ered with a ma.ss of timbers and stone, badly bruised, hut with his short black pipe still between his teeth. The Doc- tor, on seeing him, remarked that he had but just escaped being killed, but the pij>e ivds soivd.' It is said that at one time, after his compound became known, the Doctor received a consignment of three barrels of caps from par- ties in France, who had manufactured tiiem and sent them * U. .S. Dispensatory. to him to fill, thinking the cap and nipple much better than the pill and plunger. The Doctor, in return for the confi- dence thus placed in him and liis invention, sent back the caps with a formula lor making the percussion and direc- tions for making macliini'ry with which to fill them. Dr. Guthrie died at Sacket's Harbor, Oct. 19, 1848. As a practical chemist he had gained a wide reputation. On one occasion, when he was cxperimcMiting with chloroform, he put a few drops of it in a ghiss of whisky a man was about to drink. On swallowing the li(|uor the man was imme- diately made in.sensible, to the terror of the by-standers, who thought the Doctor had killed him. The beverage was called " Guthrie s Stvcct Whishi/." The Doctor, his eye glancing mirthfully, told the people the man was all right, and his statement was .soon verified by his rising to his feet in his right senses again. When asked how he felt, the oidy rejily he vouchsafed was, "Give me some more ! " This of course made the Doctor happy, and showed him the result of his labors in a most .satisfactory light. LAWYERS. Among those who have figured prominently in the pro- fession of the law in Sacket's Harbor, D. M. Burnhain was long as.soeiatod with the interests of the village. He had an oifice here, and. aside from his practice, entered to a con- siderable extent into the newspaper publishing business. He is a native of the town of Adams, in this county. He finally removed to the western country, and is now a well- known practitioner of the city of Chicago, Illinois. Hon. John R. Bcimett, now a prominent judge residing in Jauesville, Rock Co., Wisconsin, is a native of Ilouns- field township, and studied law in Sacket's Harbor, under Burnham. 1 1 is parents were extremely poor when they settled in the town.ship, and the Judge's father, Daniel Bennett, long supported them by burning charcoal, then the only fuel used by blacksmiths. The boy John had but few advantages in the way of schooling, yet he possessed remarkable ability, which soon raised him to eminence, and he now occupies a high position of trust. Sanford A. Hudsoo, also a well-known lawyer of Janes- ville, Wi-sconsin, studied here under Burnham. He was previously a blacksmith, and had worked in the village at his trade. George II. Harlow, the present efficient secretary of the State of Illinois, to which position he was elected in the autumn of 1876, is a native of Sacket's Harbor. BANKS. The Sacket's Harbor Bank " was incorporated April 28, 18:;4, with a atpital of §200,000, in shares of S50 each, and a limitation of existence to Jan. 1, 1865. Thomas Loiimis, Jesse Smith, Daniel Wardwell, Thomas J. Angel, Azariah Walton, Jo.scph Sheldon, Woodbridge C. George, Henry H. Coffeen, and Noadiah Hubbard were named commissioners for receiving .subscriptions for stock, and the corporation had the usual powers, immunities, and restric- tions of suclr institutions. Its affairs were to be managed by 13 directors, elected annually by ballot, who were to choose one of their number president. The charter of the Sacket's Harbor Bank came before the Legislature for 408 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. repeal in Ajuil, ISIj", uikiii a complaint that its officers had received and jiaid out ciTtaiii cliecksof a business firm, con- trary to the provision of the law prohibiting the circulation of bills less than five dollars. The bill for repeal having passed the Assembly April 7, large public meetings were held at Watertown, Browiiville, Sacket's Harbor, and else- where, calling upon the senate to prevent its passage. It was apprehended that the sudden withdrawal of so large a sum from the circulation of the county would seriously derange its business, and the bank and its officers were de- fended against the calumnies that had been circulated. These efforts proved unavailing, and the bill for repeal Wanic a law, May 12, 1838, the directors being appointed trustees, until others were appointed to settle its affairs.* On April 17, 1837, the charter was restored,"f and March 25, 18.")2, an act was pa-ssed authorizing a change of its place of business to Buffalo, upon the concurrence of two- tiiirds of its directors. This measure had been several years contemplated, and repeated applications had been made to the legislature, which had been defeated. The act was at length procured without the knowledge of many citi- zens who had previously opposed it.|" A State bank at Sacket's Harbor, owned by Edgar B. Camp, began business May 17, 1852, with a capital of §50,000. It continued for some time, and was finally forced to discontinue, causing considerable loss to a number of pei-sons and firms. A FOUNDRY was established in 184H by David McKec and Edward S. Hammond. Since about 1858 it has been carried on by jVIcKee alone. Plows, stoves, repairs, and all ordinary east- ings are manufactured, and in 1857-58 mowing-machines were added. The building is stone, with a portion occu- pied as a machine-shop. Three hands are employed. CEMETERY. The village cemetery is located near Madison Barracks, and has lately been enlarged and improved. In esaminin" the head-stones, the oldest one found was that of a person named Hooker, who was born at Windsor, Connecticut, in Ai)ril, 1775, and died at Sacket's Harbor, May 2, 1810. The stone is overturned and partially covered with turf, so as to render a portion of the insciiption illegible. Among the older graves are the following: "Mrs. Maria Jacob Wheaton, wife of Walter V. Wheaton, U.S.A., and daugh- ter of Hon. Stojihen Jacob, died at Sacket's Harbor, March 15, 1821, aged 27." An old stone by the side of this was lying on its face, rendering it impossible to read the inscription. "Mrs. Ally Myler, wife of Patrick Myler, died March 28, 1822, aged 45 years." "Betsey, daughter of Jiihn and Mary Root, drowned May 25, 1825, aged 19 years," " Sacred to the memory of James Jackson, who departeil this ^ tniiisutiiri/' life June 215, 1825. He left a widiiw and one child to depli)re his loss." Many neat head- • Affidnrits and stntcmenls on llio sulijcct occur in Assembly Docu- incnls, I8.i8, niiiulicrs 21."!, 21.1, 21)6, 2'J7, 2'.I8. t Report of iMjiuiiiitttc, Willi statLiiRiiti). Assembly iJocumcnts, I.SiiS, v., No. 27S. I Hough's History of JelTcTson County. Stones arc found, and a better site for a la.st resting-place for those who have " gone before" could probably not have been cho.sen. nOAT-l!i;iLDINCi, SHIPPING, AND FISHING INTERESTS. " Previous to the war a flourishing commerce had sprung up on Lake Ontario, and the following vessels were engaged in trade, all of them having more or less business at Sacket's Harbor : Genesee Packet, Capt. Obed Mayo, of Ogdens- burgh ; Diuna, Capt. A. Montgomery; Fair American, Capt. Augustus Foi-d ; Collector, Capt. Samuel Dixon ; Ex- periment, Capt. C. Holmes ; Charles and Ann, Capt. Pease ; Dolphin, Capt. William Vaughan, and a few others whose names were not obtained. The Fair American is said to have been the first vessel built under the present govern- ment on this lake. She was launched at Oswego for the Northwestern Fur Comjiany. Soon after the war, the schooners Woolsr^, liamhler, Farmer's Dani/hter, Triumph, Commodore Perry, Dolphin, etc., were advertised as run- ning on regular linos as packets from this port. Ship- building, during the war, was carried on under the super- vision of Henry Eekford, who gained, and afterwards maintained, great eminence in this department. Noah Brown, and others, who began their career under him, subsequently became noted as ship-builders. Ever since the war, the business of constructing trading-ves.sels at this port has been more or less continued, but we have not been able to procure the details satisfiictorily."§ It is said that the first trading-vessel that ever entered the river at Chicago, Illinois, was the Ariadne, sailed from Sacket's Harbor by Capt. Pickering. As an experi- ment a cargo of pork and flour was shipped in this vessel, — the former by Festus Clark, a great pork-packer for that day, and facetiously known as " Hog Clark" in conseciuenee, and the latter by Thomas S. Hall. The Chicago of to-day — the greatest pork-packing centre in the world — would smile at the idea of having forty or fifty barrels of pork shipped to her as of old from a place so remote as Sacket's Harbor, or indeed any other. Captain Pickering after- wards committed suicide. The Ariadne was at one time partly owned by Captain Daniel Read. Henry Eekford, the ship-builder who ac(|uired such fame at Sacket's Harbor and elsewhere, aci)uired a large fortune bv his efforts in this line during the War of 1812, but sul)se(iuently lost most of it through unfortunate stock specidations. For several years previous to hk< death, which occurred at Constantinople, November 12, 1882, he had been chief director of the dock-yards in the Turki.sh Empire. The Sultan, in speaking of him, gave kim a fine compliment by remarking that " America must be (treat if it could spare such men as Eekford." The most prominent and attractive relic of the war of 1812-15 now preserved at the Harbor, is the decaying hull of the line-of-battle-ship Aeio Orleans, built as a coun- ter-match to the .SV. Lawrence, a three-deck man-of-war, .set afloat by the British. The latter vessel carried 120 guns, and it w:ls ncce.<.sary to at once construct an antagonist worthy to measure strength with lur. The New Orleans I Hough. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 409 had a keel of 187 foot, breadth of beam 50 feet, and 30 feat depth of hold, with a nieasuroment of ^5200 tuns. Slie was pierced for 110 guns, but could have carried 120. The vessel was never launched, owing to the peace measures adopted by the two countries ; and to preserve her the government erected a house over her at considerable ex- pense. This buildinii has been several times repaired, but is now in a dilapidated condition, and fast becoming unsafe, while the timbers and keel in the old hull are rapidly rot- tening awa\'. The shores or props by which she is upheld are apparentlj' as sound as the day they were set. The gun-carriages to have received her armament are sound and in good condition. This vessel, though she would have been a formidable antagonist at the time .she was building, would scarcely afl'ord protection to a crew against the iron- clad monsters of modern naval warfare. (Sec illustration.) The Clilppewa, a vessel of the saiue class, was being built at iStorr's Harbor, farther up the bay, but the news of peace put a stop to the work upon her also, which had not advanced as far as on the New Orleans. A house was built over her and preserved for a number of years, but the vessel was finally taken down for the iron it con- tained, and the house removed. The Oiildii",* the first steamer on Lake Erie, was begun in the summer of 181(!, and was finished and made her first trip early in 1817. A notice of her, with rates of passage, etc., has been elsewhere given. The Ontario continued to run, seldom exceeding five miles an hour, until 1832, when she was broken up at Oswego. A draw- ing of this vessel, made by Captain James Van Clcve, from sketches he made while clerk on board of her in 182G, is in the possession of Mr. De Wolf, present Deputy Collector of Customs at Sacket's Harbor. The cai)tain was clerk on this boat for the four years from 182G to 1829 inclusive. No vessels have been built here for several years, and there are at present no facilities for the business. The fishing business at the Harbor and in the vicinity has for many years been extensive, and now con.stitutcs one of the principal commercial interests of the i)lace. Messrs. Robbins and Clark, fish-dealers, have .shipped to the extent of six or .seven tons of these finny inhabitants of the " vasty deep" in a day, and are constantly busy. BUSINESS INTERESTS. Grain is handled to a considerable extent, and the amount transported by the railway during the season of 1877 will reach probably one hundred thousand bu.shels. A large warchou.se, owned by the railway company, stands on the dock, and improved facilities for unloading grain from ves- sels have lately been added. Messrs. B. Eveleigh and Charles Hall are (juite extensive dealers in coal, the Penn- sylvania anthracite being the principal article used. It is shipped to the village by way of Oswego, Sodus Bay, etc., and is said to be furnished cheaper here than it can be at Watertown. The timber for a considerable distance around the village has almost entirely disappeared, and wood is little, if any, cheaper than coal. Among the business buildings of the village the finest • Sec illustration mi jiagc 125. is the "Bobbins Block," built by B. S. Bobbins, about 1855, at a cost of six thou.sand dollars. It is a substantial brick structure, having on the u])per floor a public hall, known as " Ontario Hall," which will .seat about two hundred persons. Many ol' the stores arc built of brick, and the town generally is substantial and calculated to weather the blasts of many years. Many of the earlier buildings were con- structed of native limestone, and stand firmly to-day in all their (|uaintness of architecture as relics of bygone days. Among the fine dwellings of the village are tho.se of Hon. Theodore Canfiehl, Waller B. Camp, George II. Camp, Leonard Denison, and others. sacket's harbor in the war (if 1812-15. "On the declaration of war the Ciiitcd States possi-ssed almost no means of defense on this frontier. The brig Oneida, under Lieutenant Woolscy, with an armament of 10 guns (a heavy 3C-pound cannon), and a few smaller ones, some of which belonged to the State n)ilitia, consti- tuted the sum of our means of defen.se. The British, it w;is well known, had been preparing for the event one or two years at Kingston, and, when the news of war arrived, had the mi'ans afloat at that place not only of eumuianding the lake, but of landing whatever force they might possess at such points as they might select, without a reasonable prospect of resistance. Col. Christopher P. Bellinger, with a body of drafted militia, had been stationed at this place, and an artillery company, under Capt. Elisha Camp, had been formed and had offered their services for a short time, which had been accepted by General Brown. As ordnance and military stores were of first importance for the defense of the j)lace, a meeting was called to press upon the gov- ernor the importance of an immediate attention to these wants, of which the following is a copy of the proceedings ; "'Sacket's Harbor, July 11, 1S12. "'His Exceli.f.scv Gov. Tompkins: " ' Rc'peclcd Sli, — The uns of the camp, and often ill clad and woree fed, sometimes without shelter, and always without sympathy. Several of tliese cases excited much sympathy, among which was thiit of a boy of sixteen years of age, who had been bribed with a gold watch to open a prison door at Green- bush, and who was here arrested and convicted. Many officers and citizens made strenuous efforts to obtain re prieve, which were enforced by tiic appeals of a mother, but without effect ; the agonized parent followed her child to the gallows, and the sympatliizing tears of the spectators bespoke the feeling which tlii.s rigid exercise of the iron rule of war had occiisioned. ..." On one occasion the convict, on approaching the scaffold, scrutinized its construction with the eye of a car- penter, leaped upon the platform, pushed off the hangman, and jumped off himsjif ; but a reprieve arrived the instant after, and he was restored. The place of execution was generally in the rear of the village, where the graves were dug, and the convicts were marched to the spot, surrounded by a guard, and, after kneeling by their coffins, were dis- patched by the shots of several musket.s, a part of which only were loaded with ball. There were commonly eight men detailed fur this purpose. The brutality of officers was in some instances excessive, the most extreme corporeal punishment being inflicted for the slightest causes, or from mere caprice; and such was sometimes the bittern&ss of men towards officers that in one case, it is said, a captain durst not lead his company in an action for fear of being shot by his own men. " Nor were there wantitig incidents of a ludicrous kind, which enlivened the monotony of the camp, and showed the fiffhts as well as the sluidcs of the soldier's life. Abuses will sometimes work their own reform, as was illus- trated in an amusing instance at this station during the war. A mess of militia soldiers had received for their rations a hn^'s head, an article of diet not altogether avail- able nor susceptible of fair and equal division among them. They accordingly, upon representation of the facts, pro- cured at other me.sses in the cantonment a contribution in kind, to supply their wants for the coming week ; and after the morning review, having placed upon a bier, borne on the shoulders of four men, their ration of pork, the3' marched through the village, with muffled drum and notes of the death march, to the cemetery, where it was solcmidy buried with military honors. On the next occasion they received from the commissary store a supply of edible meat, and the occasion for a similar parade did not afterwards occur. "Soon after the battle of May, 1813, a brea.«twork of logs and earth was built around the village, one end touch- ing the bay, about half-way between the harl>or and Horse island, and the other at the site of Madison barracks. No opportunity was afforded subse(|uently for the use of tliese defenses. The village contained at the close of the war several block-houses and catitonments, a cousiilorablc quan- tity of military stores, and a large fleet of vessels that were laid up at this place ; but these have gradually disappeared until little now remains, — the hull of a ship of 120 guns and the remaitis of one breastwork."* Until within a few years an old block-house was standing which occupied a position inside of a work known as Fort Virginia. It stood on latid owned by R. S. Robliins, and was long used as a stable, and finally removed. The hull of the war-vesselJe/?ecsoH, dismantled soon after the peace, lies on the waters of the harbor, oti the south side of the shiii-house. The part taken by citizens of Sacket s Harbor in the Patriot War of 1837-40 will be elsewhere described. sacket's hakbor naval st.\tion. Immediately after the War of 1812-1.5 this station w.is established jieriuanently, and Lieutenant Thom.a.s Brownell, a sailor under Commodore Perry, appointed to its command. This had been an important position during the war, and inasmuch as it afforded the safest and best harbor on the • Hough. ■'^=-±2=MM^^ / SuNKCH HuLx 'JtfftrfSon " jn/r Mjt/jt ../i/r ; u!V< .^ALM/5 I'i^noi.'^. 'v /. MaDISOH Bi/flT/ICKS in IHt Dl SI AUCL AT THE Rk^HT . LlNC-or- BAITLZ SHIP fiLW ORLEANS". KUL 187 fT.BUU SBfr.OEFTH oFH0L030f'. »- MCASUI^CMCNT 3200 TONS , 120 &UNS."S HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 411 lake, it was rosortod to ))y vessels of all deseriptioiis. The amount owned by the governmeut, and included in the property of the station, is between three and four acres. The officers in command here since Lieut. Brownell have been Capt. Charles T. Flatt, Capt. (ieorgc Sawyer, Cajit. James Mcintosh, Captain Josiah Tatnall, afterwards a commodore in the Confederate navy duriui; the Rebellion, Capt. George N. llollins, also a rebel commodore afterwards. Previous to 18G0, Capt. Tatnall liad been to China, and on returninii, liavini; been promoted to commodore, relieved Captain llollins. Tatnall was a Georgian by birth, and this, with constant importuning from many of his friends, who were southern sympathizers, induced him finally to cast his fortune with the mass of secessionists. His property at Sackct's Harbor was afterwards confiscated by the gov- ernment. Tatnall is said to have been the head of a most interesting family.* Captain llollins went from Sacket's Harbor to the Mediterranean, in command of the U. S. frigate Susqiicliminii, and on the breaking out of the rebel- lion resigned his command and joined the southern navy. His success (?) as commander of a flotilla of gun-boats is a matter of history. After Tatnall was here the second time the command was given to Commodore E. A. F. Lavalette, who stayed until 1SU2, in the fall of which year he was relieved by Commodore Theoddrus Bailey, afterwards re- tired at the rank of rear-admiral. lie stayed until some time in 1803, and was succeeded by Henry Metcalf, of Sacket's Harbor, who, in connection with his duties as ship-keeper, had charge of the station until Jul\', 186G. Com. J. B. Montgiuuery was stationed in charge succeeding Metcalf, and stayed three years, being succeeded by Rear- Admiral J. B. Montgomery. Commodore Francis B. Ellison was here next, and stayed two years, or until 1871, and was relieved by Com. J. P. McKinstry. The latter stayed but about three weeks, and was in turn relieved by Capt. Alex- ander C. llhind, who was here only two weeks, after which the station was placed in charge of the present ship-keeper, Albert H. Metcalf, who has since held the position. Commodore J. B. Montgomery received his commission as midshipman here during the War of 1812, and was soon after assigned to the fleet of Commodore 0. H. Perry on Lake Erie. He was with that gallant officer during the ever-memorable battle of September 10. 1813, on Lake Erie. Montgomery also received his commission as rear- admiral at Sacket's Harbor, and was soon after placed on the retired list, being at the time in couiniand of the station. Master William Vaughau, during his stay here, occupied the house now occupied by Jlr. Metcalf. He was " born Aug. 15, 177(5, at Wilkesbarre, Pa., and in 17114 first visited Canada, while Oswego, Fort Carlton, and Oswe- gatchie were held by the Briti.sh, and in crossing the lake was required to take out a British passport between Ameri- can ports. In 1797 he again returned, and soon after engaged in lake navigation. In 1812 he was employed as sailing-master, and was prominent and active in that c.ipacity through the war. He subsequently resumed the nuiriner's life, and was successively master of the steamers Sophia, Ontario, BroicnviUe, William Avert/, Telegraph, ■■■■" Tatnall 1 uilt the iron fence surmountcil with 21-pountl i^hjt. and Martha Of/<7rii,on Lake Ontario. For many years he resided at Sacket's Harbor, as sailing-master, under pay of government. "t The .ship-keepers here have been as follows : a German named Firm, Richard.son, Joseph Fields, David Stewart, Henry Metcalf, Charles Harlow, Frank Kane, George Jones, Thomas Lindsay, Henry IMetcalf a .second time, and a son of the latter, Albert H. Jlctcalf, who has been in charge since the fall of 18GG. He was a member of the 142d N. Y. Infantry during the Rebellion. The only repres(nilative of the navy now at the station is jMaster Charles V. Morris, who is on the retired list, and has been at the place about four years. He is a grandson of Lewis Morris, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and a son of General Jacob Morris, an early settler of Otsego county, and a hero of the Revolutionary War. General Morris was several years in the State .senate from Otsego county, of which C. V. Morris is a native, having been born there May 4, 1802. He joined the navy January 1, 1818, and went out on the frigate Giierriere, commanded by Commodore McDonough, of Lake Cham- plain notoriety. This vessel conveyed Mr. Canijibell, U. S. Minister to Russia, to that country, landing him at Cron- stadt. Mr. Jlorris' next trip was on the ship of the line Frauldin, 8G guns. This vessel was modeled after the unfinished New Orleans, now lying at Sacket's Harbor, and was built by the same nuui who constructed her.J Mr. Morris served under Commodores Hull and Bainbridge, and other celebrities of the U. S. Navy, and during the late Rebellion was under Dahlgren and Farragut. He was em- ployed in transporting troops on the Potomac river, and during his naval service resided for twenty-.six years in one house in the navy yard at Washington, D. C. He was kept in service six years after he was retired. His wife rendered efficient service in the ho.spitals at Wa.shington during the war, and was greatly esteemed by the boys in blue. Mr. Morris was an intimate acquaintance and friend of President Lincoln, and with this acijuaintance are asso- ciated many of the pleasantest memories of his life. His sister, Mary Morris, was married to Isaac Cooper, a brother of the famous author of" Leather-stocking Tales," James Fenimore Cooper. Both are now decea.sed. No sailors or marines have been stationed here since the War of 1812. The north building, occupied by Master Morris, was erected in 1840, and the other, now occupied by Mr. Metcalf, in 1850, both under the supervision of Captain Piatt, then in charge of the station. These buildings are of brick. During the " Patriot War," two sloop-of-war batteries, 32- and G8-pounders, were stored here, and remained until the breaking out of the Rebellion, when they were removed, with the ammunition, to St. Louis. Mo. In the ordnance building there are at present stored twenty Dahlgren guns, of nine-inch calibre, and weighing 9500 pounds each, and one 30-pounder Parrott gun. The Dahlgrens constitute a full sloop-of-war's battery, and were cast in Pittsburgh, Pa. The carriages are from Port.smouth, New Hampshire. t Hough. t Henry Eckfuid. 412 HISTOEY OF JEFFERSON COUNTl', NEW YORK. MADISON BARRACKS. Latitude of barracks, 43° 57' N. ; longituJe, 76° 15' AV. ; lu'iglit of barometer, 2G2 feet above the sea ; site of post, about 30 feet above Blacic River bay. " Excepting a short distance in front of the parade, the land ovorlooiiS the water bj' a perpendicular blui?" of limestone. Originally a deep valley filled with cedars occupied a portion of the parade. This was filled, and the rough place in front was sloped ofl'^ and the boundary of the parade towards the water was secured by a stone wall, brought up as high as the plane of the parade, the surface of which was allowed to slope gently from the ofiiccrs' quarters towards the water. The .soil of the reservation is chiefly a dark loam, resting on a stratum of fossiliferous limestone. The reservation con- tains 39} acres, purchased in parcels at different dates as required, from July 1, 1813, to March 28, 1817. " The reservation was inclosed by a strong stockade of pointed cedar posts in 1S17. The cost of preparing the site and of erecting the buildings was SI 5(1,000.* The cost of the land was probably §1000. The reservation is in the form of an irregular four-sided figure, with gates for footmen and vehicles on the southern and southwestern sides. About a third of the water-front is occupied by Fort Pike, an ordinary earth breastwork and water-battery, erected in 1812." f The officers" and men's (|uarters, guard-house, and hos- pitiil building are substantially constructed of stone. The ofiicers' quarters consist of two rows of buildings, each 217 by 33 feet, protected in front by a continuous portico six feet in width. The men's quarters are also two rows of buildings, running northwest, at right angles to the officers' quarters. Each row is 452 feet long and 23 feet wide. The ho.sjiital is at the northeastern limit of the reservation, about fifty feet from the water. This building is nearly square, with wings on the north and south. The grounds conipri.se about three acres. The cemetery comjirises about an acre. All the graves have head-stones or boards, ex- cept a very few old ones, of which there is no history. A portion of the officers' quarters was burned in the fall of 187G, and another fire destroyed the fine (|uartermaster and commissary store-house which stood at the lower side of the parade, near the water. There are several wooden build- ings within the grounds, used for storage, etc., and a few of them for dwelling purposes. During the summer of 1815, Slaj.-Gen. Jacob Brown " issued orders for the building of JIadi.son Barracks, and placed his brother. Major Samuel Brown, A. Q. M., U.S.A., in general charge of the work, with Captain Thomas Tupper, A. Q. M., U.S.A., as his assistant." The above orders seem to have been i.s.sued by General Brown on his own responsibility, but they were afterwards approved by the authorities at Washington. The masonry work was done under contract by Orrin Ives, and the carpenter work by Jo.seph Kimball, Philo Johnson, and Cliauncey Calhoun. The largest part of the labor on the road and buildings was performed by the 2d U. S. Infantry, then garrisoning Car- toiicment Smith, on Xavy point. Details of the men were * By other authorities, $85,000. f Medical Hist, of Post. made daily, and placed under the charge of an officer who forced their task of work with a degree of severity not practiced at this day. " The ])lan of the buildings was drawn by William Smith. Great irregularity seems to have been practiced in the expenditure of public funds during the construction of this jilaee by the issue of due-bills for labor, which for a long time had but little value, and in consequence great fraud was put upon some of the contractors, which was in some measure remedied by an act of Congress, passed in 1830, ' for the relief of Je.s.se Smith and others.' The bitter effects of these transactions are felt to this day, and while the barracks hiis always been an object of juide, and an agreeable place of resort to the citizens of Jefferson County, some of them arc unable to find in this sufficient compensation for their losses connected with the place. '• In the fall of 181C the men's (juarters were so far completed that five companies of the 2d Infantry moved into them from Navy point, though as yet some of the floors and porticoes were unfinished. Near the top of the side of the officers' quarters, facing the sally-jiort, on each side are tablets of stone, inscribed on the eastern side with ' Com- menced August 1, 1816 ; completed October, 1819 ;' on the western side, ' Erected by the 2d Infantry.' " The 2d U. S. Infantry, whose history for twenty-three years after the close of the war with Great Britain is in- scparalile from that of Madison Barracks, was reorganized and filled up in 1815 at this place from volunteers, citizens, quartermaster's employees, etc., that were mustered out of service at the cessation of hostilities. ;|; The addition of these new elements to the regiment required the utmost rigor of discipline on the part of the officers to prevent outbreaks of intemperance, violence, and the dissolute habits that had been leanicd in the camps hereabout during the war. The moral tone of all classes along the northern frontier apjicars to have been much shaken by the war about this time, and among the officers difficulties often arose from slight causes, and quite a number of duels are reported as having been fought among them at this place, during the war and soon afterwards. The first one that comes within the scope of this narrative was fought be- tween Dr. Burr, U.S.A., and a Lieutenant Smith, 2d Infantry. Both parties were slightly wounded, and Smith was afterwards liung in Philadelphia for killing Carson, captain of an East Indian vessel. While the malign effects of the war upon the habits and morals of both sol- diers and citizens was seen in the prevalence of intemper- ance and other irregularities, a counter-influence soon sprung into action among the officers of the 2d Infantry, for about this period they took the first steps toward re-establishing religious services and for restoring ]iublic order, then so much needed in this coiiinuiinly. This regiment after- wards, in the western country, was familiarly known as the ' jiraying regiment.' " The first commanding officer of Madison Barracks was Colonel Hugh Brady, Second United States Infantry, who, J Regiment organized by CnUinel Hugh lirady, wlio was sub.st- qtiently assigned (he command of the post at the Sault St. Mary, and died at Detroit, Mich., about IS61. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 413 as mentioned above, moved into this place, with five com- panies of his rcjrimeiit, iu the fall of 181 G. From this date to 1833 no records eoncerniuj; the place can be found. There is a report, however, that from 181(5 to 1821 an artillery company, of which Capt. Ililernum and Lieut. Le,;r.<;ett were officers, occupied Fort Pike."* AV'hile Col. Brady had command of this station, the re- mains of most of the officers who had fallen in the field, or died of sickness on the frontier, were collected and buried together within the pickets of Madison Barracks, doubtless with the intention that at u future time they should be honored with a monument. " A temporary wooden monument of pine boards — the foiiii. without the substance, of a tcslitnonial to their memory, and perhaps emblematical of the empt}' and perishable honors which our people are too wont to bestow upon those who deserve well of their country — was placed over the sj>ot where these remains were buried, but which, from nciilect and the natural action of the elements, has tumbled down."'}" Upon the panels were the following in- scriptions : Nonrii Side. — "Brigadier-General L. Covingtim. killed, Chrysler's Field, U. C, November II, 1S13." " Licuteunnt-Cdloncl E. Backus, Dragoons, killed at Sackefs Harbor, May 29, ISl.i." E.vsT Side. — '* Colonel Tuttle," "Lieutenant-Colonel Di.t," " ^lajur Johnson," '* Lieutenant Vaudeveutcr." Soi'Tii .Side. — " Lieutenant-Colonel Mills, Volunteer, killey becoming a ]iirate. " About the time Colonel Worth took command of the barracks there was some prospect of trouble with Great Britain, and, in consequence of authority invested in him. he added the buildings necessary to complete the garrison, and put all the others in good repair. The buildings put up at this time were the commissary and quartermaster's store-house, and the hospital, guard-house, and ordnance buildings. The total outlay was about §150,U00.'"f Numerous distinguished men paid visits to the place in 1888, being attracted to the northern frontier by the atti- tude of affairs with England. Among them were ^lajor- General Macomb, commander-in-chief of the arm}', Gen. Winfield Scott, Gov. Marcy, Gov. Wm. H. Seward, Mr. Poinsett, Secretary of War, and President Vau Buren, accom- panied by his son Martin. These gentlemen were all appro- priately received by the officers of the barracks, with salutes and honors. One of these occasions of ceremony nearly proved a source of .sorrow. Colonel Worth's men were very accurate and precise in drill, and he was justly proud of them, and when the President was here brought his men out and put them through the customary evolutions. To give a rounding-oft touch to the exercises he ordered them to load and fire. The reviewing party stood near the sally- jiort, on a line with the flank of the command, and. at the discharge, a ramrod from one of the muskets flew like an arrow and struck into the ground between the President and Colonel Worth, who were conversing together. The organization of the 8th Infantry was completed in 1840, and nine companies and the band occupied the bar- racks. Owing to excessive crowding much sickness resulted, and in the fall of 1839 there were reported by Dr. Thomas Henderson, U.S.A., UO cases of death by remittent fever. Colonel Worth was followed in command of the barracks by the following-named officers of his (8th) regiment : ('a|itain G. Wright, Aug. 2S, 1S36, to April U, IS.'ia. Cii|i(ain F. Stnnirord, April H to June 26, 133!). Licut.-Culonel N. S. Clark, June 2G to October, 1839. Colonel W. J. Worth, October to December, 1839. Lieut.-Colonel N. S. Clark, December, 1839, to Jnunarv 20, IS40. Captain ti. Wright, January 20 to February 2, 1S4U. Lieut. -Colonel N. S. Clark, February 2 to April 22, 1840. Colonel W. J. AVorth, April 22 to May 2, 18+0. I,icut. J. K. Smith, May 2 to September 22, 1S40. The 8th Infantry was soon after this hist date ordered to Florida, and Lieut. Smith was relieved by Major M. M. Payne, of the 2d Artillery, with two companies of his regiment. He remained in command at the barracks from Sept. 22 to Oct. 4, 1840, and was succeeded by I.icut.-Colonel J. B. Crane, 2(1 Artillery, Oct. 4 to Nov. 12, 1S40. Major M. M. I'ayne, 2.1 Arlilkry, Nov. 12, 1S40, to Aug. 13, 1841. Major F. S. Belton, 4lh Artillery, Aug. 13, 1S41, to June 24, 1842. The Artillery was relieved by Major J. Plymton, 2d In- fantry, with three companies of his regiment. Major Plym- ton assumed command June 24, 1S42, and was relieved Dec. 4, 1844, by Cajitain J. J. B. Kingsbury, of the same regiment. Major Plympton again took command Jan. 30, 1845, and stayed till Aug. 13, 1840, when the troops were sent to the Mexican border, and the barracks lefl in charge of Ordnance-Sergeant Gaines from that time until Nov. 13, 1848. In the fall nf 18 U a theatre was established in the lower end (if the eastern row of men's quarters, by Lieut. Alfred * November 17, ISHS. f From .Medical llitilory of the I'ost. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 415 Sully, of the 2d Infantry, and several young men of the village, and the drama was patronized to a considerable ex- tent. The scenery and decorations were the work of Lieut. Sully, who possessed considerable j;enius in that line. November 13, 1848, the barracks were occupied by Ma- jor T. Lee, of the 4th Infiintry, with two companies of his regiment. He was followed Sept. 7, 1840, by Lieut.-Col. B. L. E. Biinnevillc, of the same regiment. AIUt him the post-coniniandcr was the colonel of this regiment, Colonel William Whistler, in charge from June 27, 1851, to June 18, 1852, at wIiIlIi latter date the post was loft in charge of Ordnance-Sergeant (jaines, and wa-s unoccupied for nearly nine years, or until the breaking out of the Rebellion in 18(11. The buildings and fences became badly dila]iidated, and certain parties living in the neighborhuiHl plundered more or less of value from the premises. While the 94th Regiment was <|uartered here, with Colonel W. B. Camp in command of the barracks by virtue of his rank on the Governor's staft", First-Lieut. George Ryan, 7th U. S. In- fantry, with Company 15 of his regiment, paroled prisoners from the Indian country, joined the barracks Dec. 22, 1861. " Lieut. Ryan, on his arrival with his small company of jiarolcd, dispirited men, found themselves quite swallowed u|) by the new regiment of young, eager, undisciplined, raw recruits under Colonel Camp, who.se position as u nominal officer on the Governor's staff invited controversy and trouble, and it was not long before it came, in the shape of a dispute for the command of the post. Lieut. Ryan put tlie (juestion to the test by arresting Colonel Camp's guard, and by substituting his own instead. The difficulty was settled by the War department confining Lieut. Ryan's author- ity to the limits of the (juartenuaster's and commis.sary's store-house till the 94th left."* The 94th and Lt. Ryan's Co. (B)'of the 7th were crowded into the men s (piarters, and as there were nearly a thousand of them, and the ventilation was either bad or totally wanting, th&se causes, combined with a wrong mode of living, produced many eases of fever among the men, at- tended with considerable mortality. Lt. Ryan was relieved April 29, 18G2, by Capt. M. R. Stevenson, of the 7th In- fantry, also a jiaroled prisoner from the Indian country. Steven.son died while in command, Oct. 8, 18G2. In 1SG4, afler the ISGtIi N. Y. Vols, had left, the barracks had be- come sadly out of repair by general misuse, and Capt. Elislia Camp, A. Q. JI., U.S.A., was ordered ou from Washington, with a force of skilled carpenters, to put it in a good state of repair. He expended some §13,000, and placed everything once more in good shape. From November 8, 18G4, to February, 18G5, 1st Lt. Waltir Clifford occupied the barracks with a detachment of the IGth U. S. Infantry. "From March 5, 18G5, to May 10, 18G5, Capt. I'liny Moore, with one company of frontier cavalry, occupied the place with the above detach- ment of the IGth Infantry, aud Capt. H. F. Turner, with the same command, held the place from May 10 to June 25, 18G5. This frontier cavalry was employed in protecting the northern frontier from such raiding-parties as that wliii.li plundered St. Alban's, Vt., in 18G4, and for watching *Mf(IicnI History of Post. the suspicious sympathizers of the rebels going to and from Canada. The company of this organization stationed at this place guarded the line from Cape A'ineent to Henderson Bay.'t From June 20, 18G5, to March 29, 18GC, Col. C. C. Sibley, of the ICth Infantry, commanded the barracks, then occupied by portions of the 1st and 2d battalions of his regiment and one company of the 4th Infantry. Lt.- Col. A. J. Sleuimer, of the latter regiment, and during the war in command of Fort Pickens, on Santa Ro.sii island, near Peiisacola, Florida, had charge of the post from March 29 to Sept. 29, ISGG, being relieved at the latter date by Capt. AVilliam II. Powell, also of the 4th Infantry, who remained in command till March 25, 18ti7. From June 20, 18G5, to April 30, 18G7, the headijuarters of the IGtIi Infantry was established here. March 25, 1SG7, the de- tachments of the 4th and IGth Infiintry were relieved by 2d Lt. A. C. Bayne, 42d U. S. Infantry (Veteran Reserve Corps). Brevet Major Tully McCrea, captain of Co. C of this regiment, commanded the post from April 15 to April 29, 18G7, and was succeeded by Bvt. Maj.-(jen. J. B. Mcintosh, who transferred the head(|uartersof the regiment from Plattsburg Barracks to this place, where it remained till April 13, 18G9, when tiie regiment took its departure for Fort Gibson, C. T., to be consolidated with the Gth U. S. Infantry. While Gen. Mcintosh was in command, about §25,000 worth of repairs and painting was put upon the barracks. The following officers of the 42d Regiment, \ . R. C., had command of the barracks succeeding Gen. Mcintosh: M:ij. T. F. Roilcrlj.iugli, from Dec. 12, 1807, to May 2fi, 1808. Uvt. Major 0. T. Urccno, from May 20 to .luiic 3, 180S. Maj. T. F. Roilcrbaugh, from .luiie 7 to .August 20, 1SC8. ]!vt. Major C. T. Greene, from Aug. 20 to Oct. 5, IROS. Miij. T. V. Koderbaugh, from Oct. .■;, l.'*C8, to Feb. IB, 1809. Bvt. Maj. C. T. Greene, from Feb. 10 to March b, 180!l. Bvt. Brig.-Gen. T. F. Uuilerbaugh, from -March 5 to .\|iril I.l, 1809. On the latter date, 1st Lt. A, Miltemore, 1st U. S. Ar- tillery, with a small detachment of Battery F, arrived at the post, and on the 14th Bvt. Lt.-Col. R. C. Duryea arrived with the remainder of the battery, and assumed command, which he held until May 2G, 1870, when the troops were removed to Ogdensburgh. The next person we find in command is Jlajor C. L. Best, of the 1st Artillery. The troops in garriscm during October, 1870, were those of Battery F, 1st Artillery, and Company B, 1st U. S. In- fantry. October 31, 1870, ^Irs. Eliza C. Harrington, wife of William M. Harrington, present hospital steward, was ap- pointed hospital matron, which position she has since filled. Mr, Harrington has been on duty at this post since the month of August, 1870. November 1, 1872, Major Best left with Battery F, and turned over the command to 1st Lt. John L. Wordeii, Jr., of Co. B, 1st Infantry. December 7, Battery I), 3d Artil- lery, arrived, and its captain, John G. Trumbull, assumed command of the post bj' virtue of his rank. Lt. Worden was a son of Commodore Worden, U.S.N., commander of + Ibid. 41G HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. the Monitor at tlic time of her engagement with the Mcr- riinac in Ilaniploii Kuads, in March, 1SG2. He was much esteemed by all who knew him, but was most unfortunately much given to drinking. The habit became so .strong, and preyed ou his mind to such an extent, that he finally com- mitted suicide, to the universal regret of his friends and acfjuaintanees. Lt.-Clol. R. B. Ayres, of the 3d U. S. Artillery, assumed command of the post Dee. 10, 1872. After his departure Lt. Abbott commanded for a short time, but the next regular commander after Col. Ayres was Major and Bvt. Brig.-Gon. Jame.s M. Robertson, also of the 3d U. S. Artil- lery, who is now in charge. The garrison at present (Sep- tember, 1877) is small, consisting of only five or six men. Two companies were stationed here until the spring of 1877, when one of them was sent to Furt Schuyler, in New York Harbor, and the other to the eastern coal-mining region of Pennsylvania, to suppress strikers. General Rob- ertson is a fine gardener, and having little else to do since his arrival at the barracks, has spent much time in perfects ing the garden. lie is a native of New Hampshire, and entered the United States service in 1838. In 1848, after serving in the Mexican war as private, he was commissioned 2d Lieut, in the 2d U. S. Artillery. DUELS. Among the duels which have taken place here the most noted was one which occurred on- the 13th of June, 1818. The following account of it was published in the S(.ic/:el's llarhor Gazette and Advertiser of Tuesday, June 16, 1818 : " Melnnchrittf Occitrrflncc. — On S.alurdiij' last two ]>rorai8iiig young men, by the nunics of .Jjiincs llany nncl Mataclii P. Varian, lioth cor- porals in the 2(1 Ucginunl, U. S. Infantry, .at Mailison Barracks, mutually agreed to fight e.ach other with muskets. Their muskets were loaded, and between 5 and 6 o'clock p.m. they walked side by side, apparently in good humor, to the bank of the lake, adjoining the barracks, then turned back to back, mai'ched 5 or G paces each, and, at the word ' ready,* wheeled, and Ilany discharged his jiieec, loaded with powder and ball, the contents of which passed through the heart of Varian, who fell ami instantly expired. A coroner's inquest was called, and, after investigating the subject, returned a verdict tliat the said Varian came to his deatli by the unlawful discharge of a musket loaded as aforesaid by Sergeant John Loper, and discharged at the word 'fire,' given by Sergeant Francis I'owlcy. The three persons implicated were immediately arrested, and committed to AVatertown jail to await their trial at the Court of Oyer and Terminer, to bo holdcn on the 2!)th inst." At the trial of these men, held July 2, 1818, at Water- town, Hany was found guilty of manslaughter, and sen- tenenced to ten years in the Stale prison. The others were discharged. The facts afterward came out that this duel was caused through the jealousy of Sergeant Loper, who made himself conspicuous as a tale-bearer. Yarian, the man killed, was said to have been a man of culture and talent, and a cousin of Governnr Daniel D. Tnmpkins. His gun was afterward found not to have been loaded with ball. The same year (1818) a duel was fought between Major Smith and Lieut. Palmer uf tlu^ 2d Infantry, — weapons, pistols. Smith w;ts wounded in the right arm. I'ROMINK.NT .Mll.rr.VltV MEN. ,\inniig the nieinbei-s (if the army who were at one time sla(i(iin:il here, and have since di>tiiiL:ui.'-heil themselves in military or civil life, the first name to be mentioned is that of General U. S. Grant, later the occupant of the highest position in the land. He was stationed with his regiment, the 4th U. S. Infantry, of which he was then Lieutenant and Quartermaster, iroin some time in 1849 until 1S52. The commander of the post. Col. AVilliam Whistler, was the father of a gay daughter, who every night had the band out playing for her especial benefit. AVith this custom Grant lost patience, and would nearly every evening go down to the village for some pleasure more to his liking. He was an intimate acquaintance and friend of Daniel SlcCulloch, then collector of customs, and these two made a portion of a party at whist, which was a favorite game of Lieut. Grant's and one in which he was a proficient. He was always (|uiet and gentlemanly, and left jileasant recol- lections behind him when he departed fi)r other .scenes. Mr. McCulloch speaks of meeting him afterwards at St. Louis, during his residence there, and renewing the old acfjuaintauce, since which time he has seen him but once, and that on the occasion of a presidential trip through this part of the country. When the 4th Regiment left the barracks Mr. McCulloch furni.shed them money from funds in his possession. General Nathaniel Lyon, who was killed at Wilson's Creek, near Springfield, Missouri, during the Rebellion, was stationed here before the war, then with the rank of lieutenant. The rebel General S. B. Buckner, of Fort Donelson fame, was also stationed here previous to the war, then a lieutenant. Lieut. Alfred Sully, who was here at the same time with Lieut, (afterward General) Lyon, in 1844, and rendered himself famous in a theatrical line, is. now General Sully, of Indian fighting notoriety, at present on the western border. The associations, both pleasant and otherwise, connected with Madison Barracks through so long a term of years, will cling tenaciously to the vicinity for many years to come, and thiiugh they who have thus far been iiiniiliar with them personally shall pass away, each succeeding genera- tion will have a pride in the locality and its history, ren- dered imjiortant by the part their ancestors jilayed in its infancy. Though the barracks at last shall cnimble away, the old stockade rot to ]>ieces, and the old earthwork be leveled, yet will a certain military feeling spring up at thought of the scenes enacted here, and an air of military aristocracy, the prestige of the old rigime, be connected with the jdaec and its inhabitants for " lo ! these many years." Acknowledgments are due to the following persons for favors received in the way of information : For the town, Rev. Lebbeus Field and son, Mrs. Lucy Blin (of Sacket's Harbor), Leonard Allen and son, Wm. Warren, and otliers; for Sacket's Harbor and vicinity, Ca]itain Daniel Read, Walter B. Camp, Leonard Denison, Henry Metcalf and son, Hon. T. Canfield, the officers of Madison Barracks, I. W. Inglehart, D. 0. De Wolf B. Eveleigh, Noah E. Bacon, the jiastors uf the churches. David Millingtnn, Jcihn Wall- ing. (!. Iv IJudcifield, I'aniel .MeCullcich, and many others. RcsiD£NCE OF SYLVESTE.R BENJAMIN,,HmisnnD,.j£fFiRsoii CoM s .^,,r ■^ > V HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 417 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Andrew Smith was born Oct. 17, 1816. in " Field's Set- tlement," in the town of Hounsfield, Jefferson Co. He was the eldest in a family of si.x children. His father, Richard Smith, was a native of Woodstock, Conn., and came to Watertown about the year 1811, and shortly after- ward was enrolled as an " Artificer, ' and served duriiii; the war. After its close he purchased 50 acres of land lyin^ contii;uous to the farm now owned by his grandson, F. R. Smith, and where he lived until his death, which occurred April 6, 18GS. He was a man of sterling ([ualities, and largely identified with the early history of this section of the township. The only educational advantages afforded in those days were the country common schools; these our subject attended in the winter, working upon his father's farm in the summer. He, however, acijuired a good practi- cal education. Industry, ccontmy, and integrity were the first and hist les.sons of his boyhood. They were the guide of his life, which is attested by the succe.ss he met with in business, and the high respect and love of his neighbors. Although Mr. Smith took a proper interest in political mat- ters, the whole ambition of his life and motive sprin'.; of every effort was to be a good farmer. When twonty-sLx years of age he mariied Miss Esther W. Collins, daughter of John and Catherine (Potter) Collins, who were among the early settlers of Watertiiwn. They were natives of Rhode Island, and emigrated to Jefferson County in the year 1811. Mrs. Smith was born Oct. 18, 1819, and sur- 27 vives her husband, and her ruddy face and bright eye be- speak health and a Icjng life, and is all that is expressed in the terms amiable and intelligent. After their marriage Mr. Smith rented his father's farm, which he carried on for several years. Being successful, he purcha.sed land, and soon became the proprietor of one of the finest farms in the townshi]), and one of the leading fiirmers, and a man of rare business ability. Thoroughly appreciated by his fellow- townsmen, he was elected to the ofiice of supervisor, which position he filleil with credit to him.sclf and his con.stituents, and as an acknowledgment of his ability, sterling worth, and high social qualities, he was nominated for two success- ive terms for the As,sembly ; but his party being largely in the minority, he was defeated. Mr. Smith Wiis pre-emi- nently a self-made man. Beginning life when the country was now, with only his natural resources for his cajiital, he worked himself up to a high position, socially and other- wise. With a grasp of perception and a masterly manage- ment of all, he conquered success in every movement of his life, which is an illustrious example to young men of the capabilities of character and manhood. He died July 8, 1870, leaving his widow and three children to mourn his loss. His children were all born upon the old farm. Uretta E., wife of Henry O. Kenyon, Esq., of Adams; Frank R., born Oct. 25, 184!l; Alice, born June 80, 1860. Two children, Viola and Irwin R., preceded their father. 418 HISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. MERRICK M. BATES. It is a great tiling to live ; it is a greater to live to a purpose. It has been the lot of the deserving, modest, and una.ssuming to be passed in silence. The benefit is enjoyed while its producer is disregarded. To preserve the memory of the wortliy is to act justly. Merrick M. Bates was born in the town of Britnfield, Mass., July 10, 1801, and was the second in a family of two sons and two daugh- ters. In the spring of 1801 his father, Samuel Bates, in company with Aaron Blodgett, came from Massachusetts and j)urchased two hundred and eighty-five acres of land in the southeast corner of the town of Hounsfield. Erecting a log house and ujakiiig some slight iniprovciuents, he re- turned to Massachusetts in the fall, and in December of 1802 returned with his family. Upon the breaking out of the War of 1812 he enlisted in Captain Camp's artillery company, and wa.s one of the crew who worked the thirty- two-pound gun so effectively that the British fleet were unable to obtain an entrance to Sacket's Harbor. He assisted in the construction of the barracks, where he con- tracted a fit of sickness which terminated his life Feb. 13, 1818. The death of his father threw many responsibilities upon young Merrick, he being the eldest son and the main dependence of his widowed mother, and his early life was one of toil and privation, and owing to the limited means of the family but slight aid was received from the district school, but whatever of ability was possessed obtained • strength by improved opportunity. In military matters Mr. Bates has bicn fpiitc pmmincnt. He was colonel of the Twenty-first Regiment of New York Light Artillery, and was regarded as a strict disciplinarian and an able officer. In IHlti he married Miss Abigail Stowell, daughter of Osline Stowell, by whom he had ten children, eight of whom are now living. Mrs. Bates was all that is expressed in the terms amiable and intelligent. The attachment be- tween husband and wife but strengthened with time; they lived in harmony and labored in unison, and when she closed her eyes upon this world, in July, 184G, it was in a full faith in a higher existence. Mr. Bates is still living upon the old farm, and although in his seventy-sixth year still retains much of his former energy and vigor. lie has always been a careful and sviccess- ful farmer, and by a long and active life has shown himself a man of character and a useful member of society. Be- neath his ob.servation, in a grand life-panorama, Jefferson County has been organized and developed into one of the fairest and foremost agricultural regions in northern New York. It is in kee])iiig with the self-abnegation of such men that they have retired to the background and cjuietly look on as the great and varied interests of which they have laid the foundation arc seen to rise and extend in promi- nence and utility. It is (juestioned what resource is left to the aged when no longer able to pursue an accustomed round of labor. Jlerrick M. Bates is qualified to reply. He has marked out and pursued a line of action whose good has proved a satisfaction. He has enjoyed the (piiet of homo, the retirement of the farm, and attention to matters of personal concern, and his long life affords a marked contrast to the brief existence of the votaries of jileasure and the prematurely exhausted members of the stock-ex- change. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 41!> =5? ~''K ^0^ ^ f IRA HALL. IRA HALL. In the year 1798, Samuel Hall, father of the subject of this sketch, came from Connecticut, with his family, to Mailison Co., N. Y., and purchased a small farm, being a mau of very limited means. Upon this Airm he resided until his death, which occurred in 1841. Ira lived with his father until he was twenty-seven years of age. Al- thougli his parent.s were poor, he received the advantages of an academical education, which he made practically use- ful to himself and others by teaching, which occupation he followed for ten years. He was married April 3, 1827, to Miss Sophia Fort, and thinking it advisable to secure a home, he loaded his goods upon wagons and started for Ilounsfield, where he purchased 100 acres of new land, which is a part of his present farm, and which is at this date one of the best in the town. Mr. Hall has been a successful farmer, and to his first purchase has added nearly 100 acres. By a long life of honesty, integrity, and well-doing, he has secured the love and esteem of his fellow-townsmen. In evidence, it is only necessary to say that he has filled the office of justice of the peace for twelve years ; that of postmaster for twenty-eight years, and that of assessor for three years. • In 1831 his wife died, and in the spring of 1832 he married Maudina Swift, of St. Lawrence county. I?y his first wife he had two children : one died in infancy, and a sou, Joel, now living near Watertown. By his second wife he has had eight children, si.\ of whom are living. Ira, an attorney, is a resident of M. 0. ; Edwin W., presi- dent of Chaddock College, at Quincy, III. ; Sophia A. re- sides with her father; Winfield Scott Hall is completing his course at Chaddock College. CORNELIUS AV. INGLEHART. Cornelius W. Inglehart was born May 11, 1811, in the town of Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence Co. In the fall of 1812 his parents moved to the town of Pliiladelpliia, then called Quaker Settlement. The town was at this time nearly a wilderness, and many incidents of pioneer life are still fresh in his memory, and our readers will be interested in reading in the history of the town of Pliiladelpliia the details of an exciting race wbicli liis father had with a bear, and which, )ierhaps, was the most remarkable one ever wilnessed in Jef- fer.'^on (,'ouiity. In the winter or spring of 1814 his parents moved to Watertown, and were residing in the town when the battle of Sacket's Harbor was fought, on the 2!tth of May, 1814. The next fall or winter his parents moved to Houn.sfield, and purchased a small farm of Elisha Camp, fiir which he paid five dollars per acre. Since this time Mr. Inglehart has been a resident of Ilounsfield, with the ex- ception, perhaps, of two or three years. His advantages for education were of course limited to the common .schools of that day ; but there are probably but few men that are posses.scd of more general knowledge tliaii he, as he has al- ways been an inveterate reader, his authors few and well chosen. In his library history, poetry, and science predom- inate, while fiction has no place. He has been prominently identified with llie political history of his town and county ; was a Democrat until that party passed under the rule of the slave oligarchy of the South, when he joined the free- soil movement. In conjunction with O. W. Baker, he helped organize the Republican party in his town, and was delegate to the first Republican county convention, as dele- gate from Houiisfield, and was also delegate to the State convention in the fall of 1854, and took the stump as inde- 420 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. pendent candidate for the Assembly. Tliis divided the Domocratic vote and elected the Whig candidate. Mr. In^lchart may be classed as a radical in temperance, reli- gion, and politics; has never drank a drop of liquor or used tobacco in any form. He has hold several national, town, and municipal offices, took an active part in procuring the construction of the railroad from Sackot's Harbor to Water- town, and was apjxjiiited one of the railroad commissioners. Was one of the original founders of the National Union Bank of Watertown, and was for years a director in the Agricultural Insurance Co. He has been married four times, and has had eight children, five of whom are living. Mr. Ingleliart has always been an industrious man, and by economy and good management lias acquired a competency, which he is enjoying, with just sufficient labor to benefit both body and mind. Honesty, punctuality, and prompt- ness were the first and last lessons of his boyhood. All in all, he is an exemplar of a life well spent. LE RAY. This township lies nearly in the form of an equilateral triangle, of which the western boundary is a north and south line, against the towns of Orleans and Pamelia ; the northeast side joining Theresa and Philadelphia, and the southeast border being formed partially by Wiina, but prin- cipally by the Black rivtsr, which is its main water-course. The ne.xt stream in size is Indian river, which enters from ]'hilad(;lphia, flows in a soiithwestcrly couv.se to within one mile of Evans' Mills, then turns shai-ply towards the north and returns to Philadelphia, after a meander of nearly five miles in Le Hay. Pleasant creek, rising in the southeast, turns the mill-wheels at Le Ray ville, Slocumville, Churchill's, Ifc'nry's, and Evans' Mills, then, having received the waters of West creek, passes on towards Indian river, which it joins at the point where the latter turns its course north- ward. Gardner's creek falls into the Indian from the east- ward, above the bend. Several very small streams take their rise in the northwest, and flow thence through Pamelia into Perch lake. A small part of Le Ray was included in the Chassanis tract, it.s north line running from Great Bend, N. 87° W., and being also the south line of Le Ray's purchase, which embraced four-fifths of the present town, and gave it it.s name. The desire of Mr. Le Ray was of course to induce rapid settlements upon these lands. He offered them at prices from 81 to S3 per acre, according to quality and lo- cation, and gave 7 years' time in which to complete the pay- ments. The purchaser was to clear, annually, 4 acres out of every 100 acres purchased, and to erect a log dwelling of a certain size within a spe make room for the erection of a more elegant and luxurious one. It was built of stone, and smoothly plastered upon the outside. The main building was built with about 60 feet front, and nearly or quite the same depth. Attached to this was a wing, large enough for a mansion in itself A lofly portico on the southerly front was supported by four massive columns. Internally, the finish was of the best. In those days there were no planing and moulding machines to turn out fair-looking but HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 425 trashy work ; all was done by the slow hand-process, and in this case, at least, there was no slight or sham. Alfred Vebbcr, who now lives about two miles from Evans' Mills, was busy for months in making the doors, of cherry-wood paneled with choicest maple. All was of the best material and workmanship. The mansion was completed in 1827; and was at that time said to be the most splendid establish- ment west of the Hudson. In this mansion Le Kay lived and dispensed an elegant hospitality for a period of about 5 years before his return to France, which occurred in 1882. Once more he came to America, and spent a few months at Le Raysville, in the year 183G, tiien made a final return to France, where he died, on the last day of the year 1840, at the good age of eighty years. During his life, Monsieur Le Ray de Chaumont was respected and beloved by the people of the county of .iff- ferson. and since his death he is only menlioncJ in terms of affection and eulogy. He was extremely liberal in the encouragement which he gave to public improvements and to the promotion of education and religion, giving sites for school-houses and churches, and often supplementing tlie.se gifts by donations of material and money. To such as were indebted to him by reason of land-purcha.ses, he was more than indulgent. Those who settled on his tract he seemed to regard as under his especial protection, to be de- fended against distress or destitution from whatever cause. In his household a majority of the servants were natives of La Belle France, but a few were colored Americans, and among the latter was a negress named Rachel, of great age, and consequently of great assumed importance, who was not too old to be extremely desirous of gaining recognition and respect from her French fellow-servants, and who, as a means to that end, treated those of her own color with scarcely dis- guised contempt. There are those still living in Le Rav who renuMuber how in their childhood they went timidly to the mansion with blackberries for sale, and how they were met and repulsed by Aunt Rachel with the sharp re- mark, " No ! don't want no blackb'rys ; got a heap too much hlnck round dis yere liou.se now" (with a look of disdain at her colored co-servitors). But when the children had turned away with heavy hearts, a light tap was heard at the window, and they saw the kindly master of the house beckoning them to him. Perhaps at that moment he was entertaining a marquis or a marshal of France, but, if so, he excused himself to his guests, that he might gladden the little ones' hearts by purchasing their wares which he did not need. Such acts showed that innate benevolence which made him universally popular and esteemed. The land-office remained at the Le Ray manor until about 1836, when it was finally removed to Carthage. The last agent here was Patrick Somerville Stewart, who suc- ceeded Mr. Kanady at the death of the latter. Jules R. Payen, a French gentleman, became the purchaser of a tract of 2000 acres of the Le Ray lands, embracing the manor-house, where he made his residence, and where he died July 26, 1862. His daughter, Mrs. Wm. S. Phelps, of Le Raysville, is the present owner of the mansion and lands surrounding it. The stately house, the office once so busy, the conserva- tory, and all things that the hand of man placed there, are desolate and decaying, but the beech and maple groves are as grand, their .shade as deep, and their foliage as gorgeous as ever, and the little stream flows as merrily through the grounds, with waters as copious and as marvelously clear as on the day when all this beauty first charmed the eyes of Le Ray de Chaumont. SLOCUMVILLE. This place, located one mile below Le Raysville, on Pleasant creek, consists of a saw-mill, grist-mill, store, and woolen-factory, owned and operated by Caleb Slocum, son of Samuel G. Slocum, from whom the place received its name. The commencement here, made in 1813, under the patronage of Mr. Le Ray, was the (erection of a powder- mill by a young Frenchman, named D&sjardines, whom the proprietor had sent hither from France for the purpose. He was a pupil of the Polytechnic School of Paris, and was supposed to have discovered a new process of manufac- turing the explosive. But if the process was new it was certiiinly not an improved one, for the powder produced was of the most inferior quality, though it was utilized to some extent for blasting purposes. The experiment proved a failure, and was soon abandoned. At the collapse a large quantity of alder wood, prepared for charcoaling, was left on hand, as also about 1000 kegs, intended for powder, but afterwards put in use by the people of the vicinity as sap- buckets. The grist-mill, built about the same time, con- tained the first burr-stones in Le Ray, they having been sent from France for this especial purpose. The flour it made was excellent, and its custom was consequently very large. The first miller was a Frenchman, named Bidrot, imported expressly for this service. A brick house was erected, and is said by some to have been the first dwelling- house of that material built in Jefferson County ; but this is not clearly authenticated. The powder-mill was con- verted into a manufactory of potato-starch, which never proved more than moderately successful. The property afterwards went into the possession of S. G. Slocum, as mentioned, and from him descended to the present owner. The factory, the only establishment of the kind in Le Ray, manufactures coarse woolens, and is operated with success. It is the successor of an old-time clothiery-mill, put in operation there many years ago. BLACK RIVER VILLAGE is located in the towns of Le Ray and Rutland, being divided by the Black river, which at this point is spanned by a fine iron bridge, built in 1875, a previous bridge of the same material having been carried away by flood. An account of that part of the village which lies in Rutland will be found with the history of that town. The site of the Le Ray portion of the village, lying on the north bank of the river and about 2} iiiiles southea.st from Sanford's Corners, was embraced in a tract of 150 acres, purchased in about 1828 by Christopher Poor, from Alexander Le Ray, as agent for the Chassanis tract ; this purchase, of course, covering all the water-power of the north side, which was Mr. Poor's chief inducement in making the selection of this spot. He had been an early 426 HISTORY OF JEFFER50N COUNTY. NEW YORK. settler in Ratland, from whence he removed to his new purchafe in Le Ray on Chri^stmas day, 1S29. The house which he had erected to receive his family was where J. T. Davenport now lives. During the preceding summer he had, with some assistance from other residents of the vicinity, built and completed the first bridge across the river, at the point where it is crossed by the present iron bridge. That, and several succeeding bridges in the same place, have been carried away by freshets. The first grist-mUl was built by A. Horton, about 1S36, on the river-bank, a little distance above the bridge. This mill afterwards became the property of Christopher and Peter Poor, and during their proprietorship it was destroyed by fire about 1S42— 43. The present flour-mill, known as the Lockport mill, and standing at the northerly end of the iron bridge, was commenced, about 1S45, by Oliver A. Fer- guson. He, however, advanced no further in its construc- tion than the building of the wheel-pit and preparation of timber for the superstructure. It was afterwards taken by Matthew Poor. R. G. Vaughn, and Henry Chapman, who completed it in 1S49. From these proprietors the mill passed to A. H. Herrick, then to Jewett Bros., and from them, through various hands, to the present owners, Messrs. Warren k Ingraham. It is equipped with four run of burrs, and does excellent work. The fir^t saw-mill was built at the time of the construc- tion of the dam, in 1S31, jointly by Christopher Poor and Cobum & Hubbard. The mill was erected solely by the firm. They carried it on for some years, then sold it to Wm. K, Butterfield and his brothers. This was burnt at the same time that Poor's grist-mill was destroyed. It has never been rebuilt. The second saw-mill, occupving a site on the river-bank below the Cobum .ciu>iiiis ij, fACKiNG tioxis or all kinds, Also Amcrican Clothis Dryers.BlachRiver, JcrrcRSOH Co.H. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 427 river, below the bend, and within a short half-mile of the town-line of Philadelphia. At thi.s point a saw-mill had been built in 1822, by Arnold Miller, from whose pos.sc.ssion it had pas.sed to that of Samuel Makepeace. From him it was purchased, with the land beloniriii'^ to it, by Murat, who in 1834 rebuilt the mill, as the tir.-it step towards the establishment of a village. The next was the erection of a grist-mill, which for a time was used for dancing parties and other merry-makings of a more (juestionable character. A large hotel was commenced, but never brought to com- pletion. A number of small frame dwellings were put up, and with such rapidity as to cause the remark among the towns- people that Joachim was growing at the rate of a house every day. A residence was built for Murat s own use, at which, during the periods of his occupancy, he held a sort of protracted carnival. A capacious .store was also among his enterprises, and he filled it with a very large stock of goods, purchased on credit in New York. In this an ex- tensive trade was carried on and continued for a consider- able length of time ; but at la.st the inevitable end came. The matter of-fact creditors from the city seized on remain- ing goods, store, and whatever else they could find uncov- ered, and the prospects of the village of Joachim were obscured in permatient eclipse. From the inception to the final collapse of the enterprise was a period of nearly three years. The machinery of the flour-mill was sold, and re- moved to Salmon river. The hotel project was abandoned, and its cellar has been filled up. The unsubstantial dwell- ings, so rapidly built, have all disappeared. The store has been remodeled as a dwelling-house, and is now occupied by Isaac Si.xbury. Another store languished there for a time, under proprietorship of Mr. Shattuck, but this was soon abandoned. The saw-mill alone remains. It has been repaired since the days of Lucien Jlurat, and is now owned and operated by Robert Sixbury, a grandson of the cen- tenarian of the same name. INGERSONS CORNERS. This name is applied to a neighborhood and cross-roads located about two miles southeast of Evans' Mills. It is so called from Mr. I.saac Ingorson, the first .settlor at this point. Near him was settled Mr. Elisha Schofield. In the very early days it was supposed that this would become the site of a village. A wagon-shop and blacksmithy was started here by Aaron Rose, and a considerable business in that line was done. One of the" apprentices of Rose was Harry Weed, who afterwards established business at Evans' Mills, and Rose himself aLso removed there at a later time. A small tributary of West creek passes this place, and on this small stream a saw-mill was built about 1822, by Job Anthony and Alvin Clark. It was, however, one of the kind known as " dry mills," and was of short continuance. For some unknown cause this neighborhood has received the name of " Bedlam," and is so most generally designated. Its village aspirations have long since faded away. OTHER MILLS, HOTELS, ETC. On the north side of the Black river, opposite the vil- lage of Great Bend in Champion, is a hotel, built about 1833, by King Potter, and for some years kept by Henry G. Potter, who also started a distillery at the .same place. A store was opened here as early as 1824 by Daniel Potter, and continued for several years. The store and the distil- lery have cea-sed to exist, but the hotel is still kept open under the proprietorship of J. & G. Freeman. On the north side of Black river, opposite Felt's Mills, there is no settlement. The island in the river at this point was formerly a part of Le Ray, but was set off to Rutland about 1835. Upon this island was a tannery and some other improvements, owned by John Felt. A store was opened at an early day by Thomas Ward, near the present residence of Joseph Bichet, on the road from Evans' IMills to Le Raysville. This was continued for many years, with apparent prosperity. At the " Five Corners," a mile southeast of Sanford's, a hotel was opened by Benjamin Butterfield, in the hou.se now the residence of Alvin Scofield. Churchill's saw-mill, on Pleasant creek, below Slocum- ville, was erected by H. C. Churchill. It is not among the oldest of the mills in the town. A mill was built half a century ago by Alvin Clark, en Gardner's creek, near where it enters Indian river. This is among the things of the past. On West creek, a mile north of Sanford's Corners, a grist-mill was built by Abraham Jewett, about 1830. It was afterwards used as a plaster-mill, and a manufactory of water-lime was established there, but none of these are now in operation. Upon a small stream near the residence of M. Walts, in the west part of the town, was a very old grist-mill, built by Taylor ; also a saw-mill, at the same place, probably built later ; and on a small stream which flows into Indian river, below the bend, Benjamin Bentley, in 1823, built a saw-mill, which was kept in opera- tion for years, and was finally worn out and abandoned. CHURCHES. LE RAY PRESBYTERIAN. On January 13, 1814, a meeting was held at the hou.se of Elisha Scofield, at Ingerson's Corners, for the purpose of organizing a Congregational church society. This was the first attempt made for the organization of any religious society in the town of Le Ray. The meeting was presided over by Rev. Nathaniel Button, of Champion. The fol- lowing-named persons were then organized into a visible church: Elisha Scofield, Abigail, his wife, Ruel Kimball, Hannah, his wife, Gersham Mattoon, Nancy, his wife, Ezra Sayer, Elizabeth S., his wife. Widow Mattoon, Mrs. Cheese- man, afterwards the wife of Joseph Tuttlc, Abner Cheese- man, and Hannah Parker. Ruel Kimball was elected to the deaconate, and was chosen standing moderator and clerk. Up to 1820 there had been no stated minister in charge. Regular meetings were conducted by Deacon Kimball, with exhortation and prayer. Occasionally, Rev. Mr. Dutton would attend, and administer the Lord's Supper. The place of meeting was some time at Ingerson's Corners, but when a frame school-house was built at Evans' Mills the church was removed to this building. One day while Deacon Kimball was in the harvest-field, and while his wife was busily engaged with her household 428 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. duties, a little three-year old boy suddenly disappeared. Search was made for him far and near, without succes.s, till upon approaching an uncovered well, Mr. Kimball di.scovered the lifeless form of his little boy lying in the water. Not- withstanding the intensity of his grief he descended into the well and brought the body to the surface. Soon after this sad event he began studying for the ministry. He gave as his reason for this step that while in the well, with the body of his child in his arms, " The Spirit" said to him, " Preach the gospel," — a call almost as startling as that of St. Paul's. In the year 1820 he became the first pastor or regular mini.ster of the church, and continued in charge for nearly four years, when failing health compelled him to resign. Since 1820 the church has been presided over by the following-named clergymen : Revs. Ruel Kimball, 1820 to 1824; C. G. Finney, 1824 to 1825 ; J. Sessions, 1831 to 1832; R. Pcttibone, 1832 to 1839; T. C. Hill, 1839 to 1840; John Eastman, 1840 to 1844; Thomas Bellamy, 1844 to 1846; M. Smith, 1846 to 1847; J. A. Russell, 1847 to 1854; R. T. Conant, 1855 to 1858 ; R. G. Keyes, 1860 to 1861 ; E. Wood, 1861 to 1864 ; J. H. Beckwith, 1865 to 1868; R. G. Keyes, 1868 to 1869; A. Douglass, 1869 to 1871; H. H. Kellogg, 1871 to 1874; N. F. Nickerson, 1875 to 1877. The church is now without a pastor. During the ministry of Rev. Ruel Kimball the place of worship was changed from the old frame to the new stone school-house, then just completed, on the spot where the school-house at Evans' Mills now stands. Soon after the coming of Mr. Finney a great season of revival commenced, and protracted preachings were held by him for several weeks, after which, upon one occasion, finding that the de- sired result had not been attained, he put a test to his audience in the following words : " You who have made up your minds to become Christians, and will give your pledge to make your peace with God immediately, rise vp! but those of you who are resolved you will not become Christians, and who wish me to so understand it, and wish Christ 80 to understand it, keep your seats!" Certainly the test was not adroitly applied ! Had he commanded the obdurate ones to rise and face his reproving glance, per- mitting the godly-iuindcd to remain inactive and unobserved ill their seat.s, the result would doubtless have been very different; as it was, none rose to the call, though perhaps there were .scores waiting only the e.vample of a bold leader to do so. The Rev. Charles G. Finney cast his eye over the abashed congregation for a few moments and .said, " Then you arc committed ! You have taken your stand, and have rejected Christ and his gospel !" First the people were cowed ; then they grew angry, and rose en masse to leave the school-house. As they pas.sed out, he said, in tones that were audible through the room, "I am sorry for you,' I pity you, and I will preach to you yet once more ; to-morrow night, the Lord willing," The wrath of Mr. Finney's auditory was hot against him, and all through the succeeding day threats of personal violence, of tar cuibel- lislu'd with feathers, were freely maih^ against the reverend gentleman, who, it is said, was, during those exciting hours, engaged in prayer, in an adjoining grove, with Deacon Ma- comber, of the Baptist church. In the evening, " at early candle-light," the stone school-house was filled. Soon Mr. Finney appeared, and announced his text : " Say ye to the righteous it shall be well with him, for they shall eat the fruit of their doings. Woe to the wicked ! it shall be ill with him, for the reward of his hands .shall be given him." The extempore discourse which followed was so vividly, so startlingly drawn, that conversions immediately followed ; the revival continued for mouths, and many were the souls which were gathered to the fold of Christ. From the close of Mr. Finney's pastorate until 1831 the church was ministered to by special supplies, and during this interval (in 1826j a handsome and commodious stone house of worship was erected on a lot donated by Judge Evans, the same on which the present church stands. The cost of the edifice was $2600. Elisha Scofield, David Burhaus, Sylvester Kelsey, Samuel C. Kanady, Sylvanus Evans, Mr. Le Ray, and several others were very active and energetic in the erection of this edifice, giving liberally in money and labor to accomplish it. The contribution of Mr. Le Ray was $200. The dedication was conducted by Rev. Dr. Boardman. The new church on Church street, Evans' Mills, the present place of worship, was erected during the pastorate of Rev. R. G, Keyes, and dedicated in June, 1869, The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. J. J. Porter, and the other exercises were conducted by Revs. R, G. Keyes, E, Wood, and E. Pratt. The membership of the church at present (November 1, 1877) is sixty-nine. THE BAPTIST CHURCH OF LE RAV was organized by Elder Maltby in 1814, two miles south of Evans' Mills, and was removed to that village in 1818. A corporate society was formed in November, 1823, with Ethni Evans, Asa Hall, Levi Read, John Macomber, Stephen D. Sloan, and Chauncey Morse as trustees. A stone church edifice was commenced and brought near completion, when it was partially destroyed by fire. The walls, however, remained but little injured, and were used in the rebuilding, in which the society was materially as- sisted by donations, the chief of which was from Mr. Le Ray. The building then erected was the jiresent house of worship of the society. It is located in the south part of the village, on Main street, and is now also used by the Episcopalians. The pa.stors of this Baptist church have been as follows : Revs. Matthew Wilkio, John Blodget, Martin E. Cook, Sardis Lyttle, John F. Bishop, Thomas A. Warner, Sylvester Davis, Lewis T. Ford, Henry Ward, Wm. P. Decker, Jacob Gardner, Daniel D. Reed, Preston K. Sheldon, Loren G. Brown, and Henry Ward, the present pastor. THE friends' meeting. The Le Ray Monthly Meeting of Friends was organized in 1816, The Pleasant Creek Preparative Meeting had been formed at an earlier date, and, in conjunction with the Preparative Meetings of Indian river, Lee, and Low- ville, formed the Monthly Meeting of Le Ray. Their meeting-house, a solid but plain and un])retending stone structure, was built in 1816, and having since that time received at least one new roof, with a modest projection and HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 429 cornice, stands, as good as when first completed, about a mile northwest from Le Raysville, on the road to Evans' Mills. In 1828 the Hicksite sfhi.-m divided tlic eonf^regatioii here, a.s elsewhere; but both wings worshiped in the old church, and in time afterwards healed their differences. Recently, however, a more serious disagreement has arisen on the cjuestion of vocal music at the meetings, and this difference of views seems to have proved irreconcilable, for the Orthodox portion withdrew, and, in 1870, erected a new frame house of worship in the Quaker style at Le Raysville ; while the innovating wing, or Progressive Quakers, as they are styled, meet in the old house of 1816. In this, as in other Quaker communities, the rising generation show a disinclination to conform to the ancient usages of the sect, and as a result the numerical strength of the peculiar people is slowly but steadily diminishing. THE M. E. CHURCH AT EVANS' MILLS. The organization of this church dates liack to Nov. 20, 1824, the first trustees being Henry Churchill, Parker Chase, John Y. Stewart, Daniel Smith, P. S. Stuart, James Ward, Wilson Pennock, Elijah Smith, and William Tag- gart. Their first house of worship was a small stone building, which stood about two miles from Evans' Mills on the road to Le Raysville, and near the present residence of Henry Bryant. Some time after, being superseded by the new edifice, this was sold to the Methodists of Philadelphia. The present edifice at Evans' Jlills was erected, at a cost of about $3000, on a lot donated by Judge Evans. It was commenced in 1832, and advanced so that meetings were held in the basement in the fall of that year. It was dedi- cated in the summer of 1833, the services on that occasion being conducted by Rev. John Dempster, assisted by the pastor. Rev. Lewis Whiteomb, of Le Raysville, since whose pastorate the following ministers have served the church, very nearly in the following order: Reverends D. W. Bris- tol, Enoch Barnes, Ross Clark, 1835 ; James Ervin and Wm. D. Moore, 1835-36; Arza J. Phelps, 1837; H. E. Chapin, 1838-39; Nathan R. Peck, 1840-41 ; John Alley, 1842; John W. Armstrong, 1843; Dr. Fenton, 1844; Lorenzo D. Stebbins, 1845-47; Isaac S. Bingham, 1848; 0. C. Cole, 1849; Joseph Lamb, 1850; M. D. Gillett, 1851 ; 0. C. Lathrop, 1852 ; Cyrus Phillips, 1853 -54; W. W. Hunt, 1854-55; Enos Kellogg, 1856; Hiram M. Church, 1857; Darius Simonds, 1858-59; Elisha Wheeler, 1800; H. M. Dan forth, 1861-62 (entered the U. S. army as a line ofiieer in the War of the Rebellion). From 1862 to 1877 the following: S. M. Ward, Daniel Fulford, C. Mansou, Trevaler, D. W. Aylsworth, W. S. Nichols, William S. Holbrook ; and Rev.M. M. Rice since April, 1877. The church has a Sabbath-school, with an average at- tendance of about 60, under George Vanderwalker, super- intendent. A class of about 25 members, belonging to this charge, worship in the school-house at Le Raysville. THE M. E. CHURCH AT SANFORD's CORNERS. A Methodist class has existed at this place for more than half a century ; Sanford's Corners having been one of the oldest preaching places on Le Ray circuit, and the location of its first parsonage. In 1847 and 1849 efforts were made to remove the location of the parsonage to Black River village; that place having given name to the circuit and become its geographical centre, but several years elapsed before this object was accomplished. The removal took place in 1876. The church at Sanford's now numbers 49 full members and 30 probationers. The present minister in charge is Rev. W. M. Holbrook. Their place of worship is the Union church edifice at the Corners. In the early days, be- fore this was erected, the wonshipci-s met in the Jewett school-hou.se. This church has a flourishing Sabbath-school, under the superinteiidency of Charles Ryder. Its numbers are given in the hi.story of the Black River circuit, with the town of Rutland. THE UNION CHURCH EDIFICE AT SANFORn's CORNERS was erected by a union composed of the UniversalLst, Methodist, and Christian societies, each owning a quarter interest, and certain liberal-spirited citizens of the vicinity, who furnished the remainder of the necessary funds, and held the other one-fourth interest. The edifice was dedi- cated in 1853, jointly by the three denominations, in order as follows : First, at 10 a.m., sermon by Rev. Austin, of the Universalisis ; second, at 1 p.m., sermon by Rev. I. S. Bingham, for the Methodi.sts ; and at 4 p.m., by Rev. Mr. Tucker, of the Christian church. The house has since been used by the above-named congregations as a place of worship. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH IN LE RAY was organized March 12, 1823. Among its earliest mem- bers are found the names of Elder Eli Denio, Edmund Allen, Eli.sha Allen, Ebenezer Dunten, Fayette Herrick, James Rogers, and others, well known in this part of the county. The church is now in a prosperous condition. Its place of worship is the Union church at Sanford's Corners, and the present pastor is Rev. H. W. Pierce. GERMAN REFORMED CHURCH. A church of this denomination was formed July 13, 1822, with Alexander H. Van Brnekelin, Peter Hoover, Richard Hoover, and John C. Walradt as deacons and elders. For many years an aged preacher from the Mo- hawk, familiarly known as " Parson Devoe," came among them semi-annually to administer the rites of the church. They have now no pastor, and have never had a house of worship. Their meetings are held in the school-house near the northern corner of the town. ST. Michael's (catholic) church. Services were held in dwellings at Evans' Mills and vicinity, by Rev. Father Guth and other priests of the Catholic church, soon after 1840. The present church building at Evans' Mills was erected in 1847 on a lot of a quarter of an acre, purchased of Joseph Boyer for S80. It is a stone structure about 40 bj' 60 feet in dimension, and cost about $2500. The trustees at that time were James Kinnej-, Francis Bichet, and Augustus Grappot. 430 HISTOIIY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The worshipers included about thirty fUmilies, under charge of Rev. Father McFailand, whose successors have been Fathers Powers, La Pic (who remained in charge for fourteen years), Turgeon, La Rose, Plunkett, Chappel, and Hogan ; the last named assuming charge October 1, 1877. He officiates also at Watertown. EPI.SCOPAL CHURCH, EVANs' MILLS. The first Episcopal service at Evans' Mills was held in the spring of 1871, in the Presbyterian church, by Rev. Dr. Theodore Babcock, of Watertown. At that time there were but three communicants, namely, Mr. R. E. Granger, Mrs. L. E. Jones, and Mrs. William S. Cooper. During the following summer services were held fort- nightly by Rev. H. V. Gardner, rector at Antwerp. In the winter of 1871-2, Rev. Leigh Brown, rector of Trinity church, Watertown, established here a mission, assisted by Rev. Mr. Bonham, an evangelist. Since that time, Rev. Hugh Bailey, rector of St. Paul's church, at Antwerp, has also officiated here as rector. The church now num- bers 45 communicants, and a chapel is soon to be erected. At present they worship in the Baptist church at Evans' Mills. FREE METHODIST CHURCH OP BLACK RIVER. This organization was effected Dec. 11, 1871, with Josiah John.son and wife, David Dexter, Martha Taylor, and Lydia Mix as constituent members. The Rev. Charles Southworth, of Fulton, was their first pastor. He was succeeded by Rev. L. H. Robinson, after whom came Rev. D. Denijisey. After Mr. Dempsey the charge was assumed by Rev. J. C. Kennedy, who continued two years, and in October, 1876, was followed by Rev. Zenas Osborn, the present pastor. Their first place of worship was the building now occu- pied by D. H. Scott & Son, as a box-factory. Here they held their meetings until 1873, when they erected their present church edifice on land donated by Matthew Poor, at Black River village. It is a good frame structure, of which the cost was $1400, and was dedicated Oct. 25, 1873. Connected with this church is a Sabbath-school, with an average attendance of about 30, under the super- iutendcncy of the pastor. CEMETERIES. The old burial-ground at Evans' Mills, which Wiis formerly at the southern end of the village, was given to the public by Ethni Evans, the founder of the place, and was the interment-place of the first settlers in this vicinity, though none now living know the date or names of its first inter- ments. Judge Evans, after long and earnest but vain endeavors to have it substantially inclosed at the public expense, at last put a fence with strong cedar-posts around his own lots, near the centre of the ground, and this re- mained for many years. The present Main street of the village, when laid out, cut the old grave-yard in two, and tlu^ remains from the suuthcasti'rn part were removed to the opposite side. All have since been transferred to the Evans' Mills Cemetery. THE QUAKER BURIAL-GROUND. The first place of interment used by the society of Friends in Le Ray w:us in the lot adjacent to their meeting-house, and here members of the Child family and others of the earliest Quaker settlers were interred. This, however, ha.s ceased to be used, another cemetery-ground having been established by the society on land taken from the farm of Stephen Roberts, a short distance southwest from Le Rays- ville, on the road to Black River village. EVANs' MILLS CE.METERT. On May 19, 1840, Aaron Root and Betsey, his wife, conveyed by deed to S. D. Sloan, William Palmer, Lybeus Hastings, and Elisha Steele, Jr., as trustees, a fraction over two acres of land for use as a public burial-ground. This was a part of his farm on the west side of the village. The price paid was $40 per acre, but Mr. Root allowed $34 for three burial-lots reserved for his own use. The first inter- ment in this ground was that of a child of Philander Miller, who died by drowning ; the second was that of Mr. Root himself This was the commencement of the present cemetery. The ground was enlarged by the addition of some 60 square rods of land in October, 1866, by Joseph D. Grinnell and others. On June 29, 1869, a meeting was held at Evans' Mills for the purpose of forming a cemetery association, which was done, and Adolphus M. Cook, Samuel S. Potter, Alexander Kanady, Rezot Tozor, Randall Barnes, and Wayne Stewart were elected its trustees ; and it was at the same time " re- solved that the trustees of the old burying-ground be re- quested to convey their right to the trustees of this associa- tion," in accordance with which resolution Messrs. Sloan, Palmer, Hastings, and Steele, the old trustees, did on the fol- lowing day convey the ground laid out in 1840 to the trustees of the association. On the 13th of July following De Witt C. Grinnell and Jo.seph D. Grinnell conveyed to the same trustees a piece of land (area not st;ited) on the northeast end of the cemetery, for the purpose of enlargement, and they also quit-claimed the tract added in 1866. The asso- ciation was incorporated under the general law, and consisted of Anthony Peck, C. P. Granger, S. S. Potter, James A. Pierce, James D. Grinnell, Wolcott Steele, Randall Barnes, Alexander Kanady, and fourteen other original members. The j)resent trustees are the same who were first elected to the office. THE HOOVER BURIAL-UROUND is located about two miles north of Evans' Mills, and was originally a part of the farm of Pett^r Hoover. The fir.-n the chest, which caused his death in five days, — December 31, 1840. M. Le Ray de Chaumont had a strong mind, a sound judgment, great penetration of men and things, a warm and aflectiouite heart, a noble soul. He was guided through life by those high and chivalrous feelings of integrity which were so shrewdly discovered in him by Robert Jlimis, wlien, at the age of twenty-five, he was chosen by him asumjiire be- tween himself and M. de Chaumont, Sr., in a contested busi- ness. He never meddled actively in politics, which, added to the other traits of his character, made him respected and bo- loved by men of all parties, both in France and in America. He received warm proofs of these feelings at various times, and particularly from the citizens of Jefferson County during the List years of his stay among them. The counties of Jefl^er- son and Lewis owe much of their prosperity to his liberal and enlightened management. He greatly imjiroved the breed of sheep by brin'nng Merinos from his flock in France, which was picked in the celebrated sheep-fold of Rambouillet, where the original Spanish breed had been greatly meliorated. He also paid great attention to improving the breed of horses, and labored to diff"use a taste for the rearing of orna- mental plants, to promote the culture of the vine in gardens, and of hemp and the mulberry. The care which he be- stowed in the .selection and adorning of his villa at Le Raysville, which for many years was the seat of a refined hospitality, bespeaking the atWuentand accomplished French gentleman, prove him to have possessed on these matters a juyest price was now $;i, and it might at oni-c be raised to $t for the whole, from the great immigration to this (juartcr. He gave it as his opinion that it would n it be for our interest to hurry sales, as this town would speedily settle, and the jirice might be raised." The fiiTst .sottliMiicnt iti tlii.s towti was iiiailit in NovL'iiilicr, 1802, by James Mt-Keo and I'^lijali FdX, wliii weie lirotlicrs- iii-law, anil the latter untuanied. Tliey were natives of Vorniimt, but did not come from there directly. They erected a loj^ house on a fifty-acre lot, on the State road south of the present village of Lorraine. Here they passed the winter, and Fox, having sold his interest in the first lot to McKec, returned to what is now Oneida county and married, coming back in the spring to improve a tract of land he had purchased, and which is now the Fox home- stead. Here he soon after built a house, a portion of the frame of which yet remains in the residence of Geo. A. Fox, a son of Elijah, who was born here in 1814, and who has since that time lived continuously under the old roof-tree. Elijah Fox died in 18(52, after a life of great usefulno.-;s. Of his family of ten eiiilJrcn, lieorge A. is the only survivor. McKee lived in Lorraine a number of years, rearing a large I'aniily, with wlioni ho removed to Canada. In the winter and spring of 1803 a number of families, natives of New England, but who had lived in Herkimer county for soma years, came and settled along the Slate road from Rome to Brownville, in the neighborhood of McKee and Fox. Among the best known of these were Comfort Stancliff. Seth Cutler, Benjamin Gates, and John Alger. The latter built a house on the site of Lorraine, in the summer of 18U3, which was the first building in that locality. Some of these removed after a few years' resi- dence in the town. Several months later the same year, 1803, Clark Allen, a native of Connecticut, took up his abode in the northwestern part of the town on Sandy creek. Here ho lived until his cieath in l^i.")'), the father of five sons and two daughters, one of wlimn, Elisha, now occupies the old homestead. Alexander, another .son, is also a citi- zen of the town. Clark Alleti, or General Allen, as he was generally called, from his service in the war of 1812, was a man of more than ordinary ability, and distinguished him- self in the .service of his adopted town, holding the office of supervisor for nearly twenty years. A year later the Lanfears, \\'illiam and Isaac, came to Lorraine from Columbia county. The latter reared u large family, of which Lafayette, well known in the town, is a representative. The consort of Isaac Ltinfear, now nearly a hucdred years old, also resides in Lorraine. The Browns, Asa and Aaron, but not related to each other, were added to the settlers about this time. The former served its the first supervisor, but removed from the town several years after. Aaron Brown was a native of Connecticut, but had come to Lorraine, from Washington county, a single man, and soon after married Miss Bet.sey Burbee, who had come to the town as a school-teacher. Willi her he lived more than sixty years, having three sons, Moses, Levi H., and Henry M., who became well known in Jefferson County. Aaron Brown died in May, 1870, leaving Mrs. Brown still alive, having pa.ssed her fourscore years. Moses Brown, who became a prominent citizen, died in 1853. A son, Philo M., is yet a resident of the town. The tide of immigration along the old State road was now so great, and the settlers so numerous, thai a list of names only of some oftho.se coming to Lorraine prior to 1808-10 can be given in the limited space allotted to this history. William Hoslbrd, Oriuond Butler, William Hunter, As;i Sweet, John Griswold, Calvin Cliftord, James Perry, Eliia- than Doane, Ebenezer Brown, Ozias Barton, Michael Ris- ley, Thomas Stancliff, Allen Hills, Oliver Miller, Henry Voners, David Stcadman, Nathan Gould, Charles Tlicimson, Hubbard Randal, John Cowlcs, Lsaac Weston, Abncr Baker, Timothy Heath, Geoi^ Samp.son, John Brewer, Joseph Studley, and William Adams. Most of these made sub- stiuitial impriiveiiients, and identified themselves perman- ently with the town by clearing farms and building mills. One of the first frame barns w;us erected by Isaac Lanfear, the work being done by Riifiis l^arkins, perhaps in 1814. This still remains as built, with the exception of having been once re-shingled. riONKEtt TAVERNS. The first to offer entertainment to the traveler and land- hunter were McKee and Fox, in 1802, although they did it more as a matter of accommodation than from a desire to engage in tlie business. John Alger was the first to open a regular inn, in a house which stood on the .site sub^ setpiently u.sed for hotel purposes, in the village, at the forks of the roads. He began about 1803, and continued a number of years. A short time after, Michael Risley and Allen I'itkiti, brothers-in-law, started a tavern on the old State road, at the place now occupied by A. Caulkins, which they conducted a few years. Dr. Isaac Weston built a public-house, below Alger's, about 1SU7. For tho.se times it was a large structure, being two full stories high. It was a popular place, and many parties and dances were held there, where mirth pre- vailed and enjoyment was unrestrained. The doctor him- self was of an eccentric turn of mind and of discursive habits, so that his place was much fre(|uentcd by those who delighted in his oddities. It is further remembered that some of the rollicking youngsters frequently taxed the old gentleman's good nature to excess by making him the sub- ject of cruel practical jokes. The building, painted red, stood many years after the doctor had removed to Water- town, and was demolished, in 1850, by Daniel Caulkins. Another old-time tavern was kept, about 1816, by David Webb, on the State road, two and a half miles south of the village. The place fell into poor repute, and Webb him.self fell into the fire of his hearth, burning himself so severely that he lost some of his limbs. 440 HISTORY OF JEFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. At the crossinj; on Sandy creek, Elislia Allen, Sr., kept a place fur nearly forty years, where man and beast fuund cheer, comfort, and rest. A sign, made of pine boards, with the words, " Alle.n's Inn," was long a familiar landmark in that section. MILLS AND FACTORIES. A Mr. Frost was the first to erect a saw-mill in Lorraine. About 1804 he built a dam across Sandy creek at Allen- dale, and put up a small mill, but a freshet carried both away before he had realized anything from his labors. Not having a title to his land, he could not sell the property for several years, and as he was unable to rebuild, nothing more was done here until 1810, when Mabb and Aldrich erected a. mill which soon after became the property of Claik Allen. It was destroyed by fire during the war which soon followed, but was rebuilt by Gen. Allen, and operated by him until about 1820, when he sold the pro- perty to Jared and Asa Gleason. In a few years ihey built a grist-mill on the same .spot, — a two-story frame, with two run of stone, — which was a great accommodation for the settlers. The mill has been repaired since then, but, in most respects, remains unchanged. The saw-mill was not used lately, and was taken away in 187G. Lafayette Caulkins is the present owner of the property. The first grist-mill was built by Seth Cutler on Hull creek, on lot 45, about 1805, to which the settlers used to carry their grists on their backs. It was abandoned in the course of ten years. Thomas Stancliff built a saw-mill on the same .stream, perliaps in 1805. He was killed a year or two thereafter by thi> falling of a tree. The mill then became the prop- erty of Comfort Stancliff, who operated it until it was given up. John Alger erected a saw-mill at an early day on lot 31, which passed into the hands of C. P. Totman, by which name it was known, and was carried away by a freshet. On the lower Deer creek, on lots 42 and 53, were small grist- and saw-mills known as Gillnian's, which have passed away; (jn lot 54 is a small mill built by H. Lyman, and at j)resent owned by Henry Bartlett ; and on lot 98, on the same stream, are two more mills, built about twenty-five years ago by Nelson Cox and J. O'Niel, and at present operated by the latter and William Standi.sh. On the upper Deer creek, at Waterville, is a small mill formerly known as Lepper's, but at present owned by C. H. Lyman. A chair-factory was operated at the same place by S. Warner. A small mill erected by Nathan Gardner on lot 03 was deserted years ago. On the brook, in the southern jiart of the town, Henry Brigham had a cheese-box factory on lot 81, where he met his death by falling upon the saw, and the factory was soon after discontinued. Just below, a small corn-mill was erected at an early period, which soon gave place to a grist- mill, which was destroyed by fire. At present there is a siiw-niill, with a cheese-box factory attached, at this point, operated by John Brigham. In the northern part of the town David Smith built a saw-mill on Abijali creek, which for th(> last Iwcntv year.s iias been operated by Eli Moore. Farther to the west on Sandy creek and the stream flowing into it from the north, Sylvanus Lockwood built a ,saw-niill, which is now known as Tole's. Daniel Wheeler built a mill which is operated by Newman Hawley ; and a Mr. Chafin built another which was discontinued for lack of water. The mills and factories at Lorraine village will be noticed in that connection. As the timber supply decreased and saw-mills were discon- tinued, there was a demand for another branch of niaim- facturing indu-stry. This has been supplied in the many CHEESE-FACTORIES 'which now exi.st. The first in the town in the order of time was the " Maple Grove Factory," erected by a stock company in 18C3. It was operated in their interests about four years, when the bulk of the stock passed into the hands of Andrew Gillet and Montgomery Adams, who are the present proprietors and manufacturers. " The Lorraine Central Factory" was built in 18GS, by Ira Page. It was destroyed by fire in 1S75, and has not been rebuilt. " The G. A. Fox Factory" was erected in 1870. It has a good patronage, using the milk of 175 cows. "The Pitkin Factory" was built in 1805, by A. Webb and I. Pitkin. It has a good situation, and uses the milk of 200 cows. E. Pitkin is the present proprietor. " The Jjxcelsior Factory" is the most extensive in tlie town. It was built in 1870, by Fred Barga and William Searls. In 1872, H. A. Gardner bought the property, and at present operates the fiictory. The milk from 400 to 500 cows is used. •'The A. J. Bettinger Factory" was built about 18G3, by Bongford, Bettinger & Allen. In 1872 the present proprietor assumed charge. 250 cows supply the milk used. "The Tifft Factory," erected in 18G0 by Tifft, Wilcox & Bailey, was destroyed by fire in February, 18G9. In 1873 another factory was built near the old site, by John Wilcox, which now belongs to Poole & Graves, and is operated by Elgin McTaggart. ROADS. The State road from Rome to Brownville was located through this town in 1804. It has from the beginning been an important thoroughfare, and was a potent agent in the ra]iid scttlenicnl of ]>orrainc. Other roads were early located, and liberal aid w;us voted by the town lo put lluiu in good condition. In 1810 S250 were appropriated for roads and bridges; in 1841 $75(1, and in 1877 a single iron bridge was built, costing $12(K). In 1805 there were 6 districts formed, with James McKee, William Maynard, Stanton Brown, Nathan Cliever, Warren Flower, and Joseph Case as overseers. In 1807 the districts had increased to 18, and in 1877, with only half the area, there were 47 districts This distribution of labor has been promotive of good results, .so that the roads of the town are, in spite of their irregular courses owing to the broken condition of the surface, in fair order. THE CEMETERIES. \\ iili one exception, the cemeteries of the town are eon- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 441 trolled by the offiti:il boaiJ, and aic cared for by means of appropriations voted at town-iueetings. " The Rural Cemetery Association" was formed Jan. 8, 1852, by John Boyden, Aaron Brown, John Bentley, Eben Brown, Knapp Maeoniber, Joseph Grini-shaw, Allen Pitkin, Lorenzo Reed, John Hancock, Moses Brown, Eliliu Gillet, Sardis Abbey, Augustus Jj. Baker, Peter Hanson, Leonard A. Parker, Joel Buel, Lutlicr Lanfear, and Parley Brown. The control of the cemetery at Lorraine village was secured, an addition to its area made, and the whole was projierly inclosed. It now contains 1;! acres. The association is managed by a board of nine trustees, these being elected annually. The present board are Latham Lanfear, John W. Brown, Philo ^\. Brown, David (jillet, Almond Harrington, Ransom R. Corbin, Henry M. Brown, Joseph Grimshaw, and Elihu Gilict. It is said that Eliza- beth, the wife of Josiah Brown, was the first interred in the Rural (Jcmotery. Probably the first death in town was a Mr. Child, whose earthly days were shortened by a tree falling upon him while he was engaged in chopping. SCHOOLS. As near as can be determined Miss Betsey Burbee taught the first school, in the summer of 1807. There was a log house erected for this purpose near where the Baptist church now stands in Lorraine village. She also taught there the following year. In 1813 there is a record of 18 districts, of which 3 at least were in Worth. The town has at present 12 districts, and is fairly supplied with school building.s. The appropriations made for the support of the schools are generally ecjual to those made by the State, and the average term taught numbers about thirty weeks. JI1LIT.\RY RECORD. Lorraine received its share of the heroes of our struggle for independence, who came to find a home and who lived there until their death. The list includes the names of Elijah Fox, Sr., Jacob Weaver, Benjamin Fletcher, Caleb TifFt, Martin Rice, and John Wiswell. The last claimed to have been one of the Boston tea party of 1773. The War of 1812 called out a full quota of the citizens, who hastened with great alacrity to the defense of Jacket's Harbor and other threatened points in the county. Among those who rendered distinguished service was Gen. Clark Allen. He participated in the engagement at Sacket's Harbor, and was in command of the first body of men to occupy Cape Vincent. Besides the response from men subject to military duty, there was a company of " Silver Grays" and soon after the declaration of war the following document was forwarded to General Brown : " LoiiUAiXE, July 21, 1S12. "Dkar Silt. — \'ic»ing our country in diingcr, nnd feelinii: a will- ingness to defend tbe same, si.xty men assembled in this place and made choice of Joseph Wilco.\ as cuptuhi ; .James Perry, livuteiiant / Ebenezer Brown, Jr., cH*y», This is therefore to desire your honor to furnish us with arms and ammunition, while you may have tho assurance we shall be ready on any invasion within tbe county of Jefferson, at a moment's warning, to defend the same. Tho above men met at the house of John .-Viger, on the 16th insl., and may bo considered as Siti-ei- *, that is men who are exempted by law from military duty. We wish you, sir, to forward the arms to this place as so(m as possible, and bo assured we are, with respect, your humble servants. "JosKIM! Wll.ro.X, Captain, " Jamks Pkruv, Lieutenant. " K. lino W.N, EiiHiijii." This company frequently met for review and exercise, and on the occasion of the attack upon Sacket's Harbor marched for the scene of the engagement, but not in time to take ]iart in it. The late Rebellion, also, found Lorraine prepared to aid in its suppression. A ready response was given to the first demand for troops, and when, in 1802, the call was made for 300.0(MJ additional volunteers, a sjiecial town-meeting was held to hasten the response. The record of this meet- ing shows the state of the public mind. The minutes are headed by the words, " WAR ! WAR ! " and inform us that it was voted that a bounty of S50 a man, over and above the amounts of State and county bounties, be raised, and, as a further inducement, S.") a man additional was voted to all who would enlist that day, May 13, 18152. CIVIL ORG.VNIZATION. The act of incorporation directed the first town-meeting of Lorraine to be held at the house of John Alger, March 5, 1805. The election resulted in the choice of the follow- ing officers : Supervisor, A.sa Brown ; Clerk, William Hos- ford ; Assessors, Clark Allen, Ormond Butler, Warner Flowers; Collector, 0. Butler; Poor-masters, William Hunter, C.Allen; Constable, O. Butler; Com. of High- ways, William Ilosford, Michael Frost, Asa Sweet; Fence- viewers, William Lanfear, Joseph Case, Elijah Fox ; Pound-masters, James McKee, John Griswold ; Sealer of Weights, Seth Cutler. Since the organization of the town the following have served as Supervisors : 1805- -6. Asa Brown. 1852. .lames Gilford. 1807- ■13. Clark Allen. 1853- 54. John E. Robinson. 1814. Elihu Gillet. 1855. Elisha Allen. 1815- ■24. Clark Allen. 1856- 8. Parley Brown. 1825- -29. John Boyden. 1859. Elisha Allen. 1830- -31. Jarcd Gleason. 1860. Edmund G. Remington. 1832- ■35. John Boyden. 1861- 62. Philo JI. Brown. 1836- -37. Loren Busbnell. 1863- 64. Edmund (t. Remington 1838. John Boyden. 1805- 66. Samuel T. Tifft. 183!) Elisha Allen. 1867. Spencer Woodward. 1840. Loren IJus^inell. 1868 Philo JI. Brown. 1841. E. Allen. 1869. Alonzo \V. Grow. 1842- ■43. James (lifford. 1870. Philo M. Brown. 1841. John Boyden. 1871- 72. Alonzo W. Grow. 1845. E. Allen. 1873- 75. Carlton C. Moore. 1816. John Boyden. 1876. Orville C. Tucker. 1817. David J. Kcdway. 1877. Carlton C. Jloore. 1848- 51. Moses Brown. From the records of the town many interesting facts are gletmed. At the State election held in April, 1807, 85 votes were polled, of which Morgan Lewis received 47 and Daniel Tompkins 38. The pojiulation had so much in- creased three years later, 1810, that 162 votes were polled. In 1806, " Voted, there be a pair of stocks erected in tbe town of Malta. Voted, that the stocks be set at the crotch of the road, near John Algiers." It is thought that the.se resolutions were passed in order to convince a 44:i HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. desperate character, then Uviug iu the town, that this salu- tary instrument would bo used, if necessary, to reform him. The unwortliy citizen to(ik tlie liint, '■ skipped' the country, and the stocks were never erected. At this mcctin'r, also, an embryotic legislator offered the following effective " nieans-to-the-cnd" resolution: "That swine be well yoked, and ringed, and shut up in a good pen.' In 1812, "Voted, that if cattle are found within thirty rods of a public inn, from December 15 until April 15, that the owner pay $1.00 for every such offense; one half to be given to the complainant, and one half to the poor." On February 6, 1810, a special meeting was held, to divide the town, at the house of Benjamin Gates. Elihu Gillet was appointed moderator. "Voted, to go around and each man give his vote verbally." " That the town be divided according to the division line between No. 1 and No. 2." Not one person dissented, but owing to vari- ous causes the separation did not take place until 1848. In 1811 the members of the Griffin fan)ily, — Samuel, aged thirteen ; James, .seven, and 3Iary, nine years, — who were left in destitute circumstances, were legally indentured to Joseph Odell, Elihu Gillet, and Timothy Risley, re- spectively. The boys to be instructed " in the art and min- istry of farming ;" Mary " in the art and ministry of house- keeping." And in consideration of the faithful service which the boys were to render, each was to receive, on at- taining his freedom, " one new Bible, durable wearing ap- parel of all kinds, one suit of which shall be new, likewise sixty dollars in neat cattle, stock to be a])praised at cash prices." Mary was to receive, besides the Bible, "one good cow, one good feather-bed, with bolsters and pillows, to be of geese feathers." Deer and other game were comuion in the town, as well as beasts of prey, which led to the offering of bounties for the destruction of the latter. Wolf bounties of §10 were offered in 1806, and Sj from ISlll) to 1820; also panther bounties, in 1810, '11, '17, 'It), and "20, of $5 and $10, and abounty of $0.50 for every fox killed in the town. Iu 1822 there was a bounty of $0.25 on poor Reynard's scalp. The Wording of the bounty act of 1820 is remarkable for its originality : " That a bounty of $5 be paid for every wolf or panther killed in the town ; one-half to be paid for the u.se of the poor, the other half to the complainer. " In 1822 " that the scaler of public weights keep the same for public and not for private use." In 1839 " notice w;v< given that an application would be made to the Senate and Assembly to attach a part of Lorraine to Adams," but nothiiig resulted from this move. In 1847, at a special election held for this jmrpose. whether the town grant licen.-'e or not, lOG voted for and 108 voted against license. There were appropriated $250 for llii> sujiport of the poor the same year. In 1S55 S. Lyman made a propusitiun to the town, at its annual meeting, to conviv the did Congregational church to tiie town for a hall, to be opened to all meetings, (^ivil and religious, if the town would repair the hall in a suitable manner. This was done, and the house has since been used, and is known as the Town Hall. In 1S()4 the office of supervisor was tied between I'hilo M. Brown and Elisha Allen, < aeh having received 157 votes. As neither accepted the office, the county board selected Edmund G. Remington to fill the vacancy. WATERVILLE, in the eastern part of the town, on Hull creek, is a small hamlet of a dozen houses. A chair-factory was formerly carried on here by S. Warner. At ]iresent its manufactur- ing interests are limited to the saw-mills mentioned else- where. ALLENDALE, so called in honor of Gen. Clark Allen, is a pleasant little hamlet in the western part of the town, on Sandy creek. Its settlement is nearly as early as that of tlie town, but as it is only two miles south of Adams it has not improved as fast as it would under iiinre fav(iral)le eircuinstances. There is a grist-mill, by L. Caulkins; a cabinet-shop, by A. E. Baker; a cider-mill and a blacksmith-shop, by George Rip- ley; and a small store, by Grove Heath. In the last is the post-office, which was established in 1871, under the name of Caulkins' Jl ill, but which was changed in 187.S to Allen- dale. Lorenzo Reed is the postmaster. The mail service is daily, from Adams to Lorraine and points beyond. Among the early mechanics at this ])oint were Elisha Allen and Lyman Heath, blacksmiths, and L. Heath, shoe- maker. About 1830, Martin Rice built a small factory at this place, for the spinning and weaving of flax. After oper- ating it seven or eight years, it was abandoned as unprofit- able. A distillery was also carried on for several years by Alexander Allen and Loren Bushnell. The building was converted into a horse-barn by E. Allen. The school-house at Allendale is the finest in the town, and was erected in 1876 by Martin and Ira Tole, at a cost of SIOOO. It is a couiniodious frame, with a tower and bell, and is sujiplied with nindern furniture. The house is also used for religious meetings by the Mormons and other sects. LORRAINE VILLAGE is a place of about 125 inhabitants, five and a half miles southeast of Adams, at the confluence of Deer and Hull creeks. The location is romantic, being cosily nestled among the hills, and the place has a quiet, pastoral beauty, which has endeared it to the inhabitants. John Alger erected the first house in 1803. A number more were built iu a few years, and the settlement ac(|uired the name of " Jjorraine Huddle," or the "Huddle," which yet at- taches to it to some extent. It has alwa3's been the princi- pal point in the town, and the history of its mills, stores, and taverns is common pro])erty. Besides the public-house of J olin Alger and Dr. Weston, several other hotels existed in the village. Alger was sueceedi'd by I'ardon Peck, and h:\ in turn, by Lemuel Hunt, who kejit the house until his death, about 18G5. The house has since that time been n.scd for a dwelling, exce])t a portion occupied for a (j range hail. In 1S41, C. Gilluian purchased a small him.se of i^oren Bushnell, which he enlarged for a tavern. It was known as "(iillman's Inn," and had a good patronage. In 1862, D. B. Lock- wood became the proprietor, ami yet further enlarged the house. 0. C. Tucker and C. J. Snow, also, had control of HISTORY OF JEFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. 443 tbe place, each for .several years. Horace Strcetcr, the present landlord, took charge in 1875, and it is at present the only hotel in the place. STORES. About 1809, Aaron Brown built a .«mall store-room, where he opened a stock of goods soon after, and as.sociatetl Joel Hrown with him. The house stood on the site occu- pied by Elijah Bellinger's residence. About six years.later, John Caulkins and Alanson Rus.sell opened, in another building, where Albert Streeter's house now stands, a store which was consumed by fire in 1825. The liou.se was re- built, and Lorcn Bushnell and Luther Lainpson put in a stock of goods. They continued in trade until 184(1, when they were succeeded by Baker & Gillet. Elihu Gillet took the interest alone, and sold out to Caulkins & Brown, the last in trade in the old building. It was demolished in 1870. Ill 1840, Moses Brown and Luther Lam.soii erected the building now occu])ied by the post-office, where they were in trade seven years, when I5rowii had the store alone until his death, in 1853. Philo M. Brown succeeded, and re- mained in trade until 18G7. Ne.xt followed A. W. Grow, Brown & Moore, and Philo Brown. C. D. Grimshaw at present occupies the place for a grocery-store. In 1857 Elihu Gillet erected a store-room, in which Philo Brown carried on trade several years. In Sept., 1870, C. C. Moore began business there, and still continues. Aaron Brown built a saw-mill at Lorraine in 1807, where the present saw-mill stiinds. This has been re- modeled a number of times, and, the water failing, Eli Maltby added an engine in 18G0. Abel "Wagoner, the pre.sent owner, also manufactures cheese-boxes. About 1808, Aaron Brown erected a grist-mill upon the site of the present structure. It was a two-story building, with two run of stone. A part of the frame remains in the pre.sent mill, and in many re.sjiects it is yet the old mill. It was known for many years as Brown's mill, though having had a uumlicr of different owners. Joseph B. Wilcox became the pniprietor in 1870, and is the present miller. SIIOPS AND FACTORIES. . The fii-st blaeksmithing done in Lorraine was by Ward Fox. William Carruth had a shop for many years. Elihu Gillet worked at the trade thirteen years in a shop on the site of Moon's store. In 184G, Joel Buel put up another shop, acro.ss the creek, where Elijah Bi^llinger's shop now stands. Tiie old shop was destroyed by lire, July 4, 1877 ; the present one was erected in its stead. In 1858, H. B. Hari'ington erected a large shop on the south side of Hull creek, which furnishes ]iower for his machinery. On the south side of the village, on the State road, AInion Har- rington built a shop in 1874, where he carries on the trade. A man named Curry was the first wheelwright in the town. He carried on the trade in a shop in the rear of Gillet's blaeksmith-shop. Thomas White also worked there a number of years. Asa Co[)eland built a good shop about 1840, on the site now occupied by Elijah Bellinger. He also manufactured household furniture. Bellinger pur- chased this shop in 1872. A fulling-mill was erected by John Boyden in the gulf below the old Fox blacksmith-shop. The business increased so much that it required a larger building, and a new factory was erected on Hull creek. Boyden was succeeded by Sar- dis Abbey, who worked the factory several years. While the property of L. L. Bateman, the building was turned into a lumber-manufaeturiiig establishment. A saw-mill and a planer were attached, and it is at pre.sent used as a general wood-working factory. About 1808 Aaron Brown built a distillery on Deer creek, which received the name of " Still creek'' from this circumstance. The business was continued only six or seven years ; but the old building remained for a long time. A POST-OFFICE was established in Lorraine about LSdtj. The mail-route was from Rome to points north. Simeon Parkhurst was the carrier, and Benjamin Gates the postmaster. William Carruth was al.so one of the early postmasters, and, as letters frequently came with the postage unpaid, the .settlers bartered their ma]il(^siigar at four cents a pound to raise the postage. O. W. (irow is the jirescnt postmaster; and there is a daily niail from Adams to Wortliville vln this place. Egg-packing, by a new process, was begun here in 1867, by A. W. Grow. From a small beginning a large business has sprung. The process consists in immersing the eggs in a chemical solution, which enables them to keep fresh for years. W. R. Grow and L. F. Caulkins are the present proprietors. Nearly 55,000 dozen eggs were put up in 1877. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Isaac Weston was the first to permanently locate in Lorraine. He was an old-time practitioner in many re- spects, and it is related that when his services were sought on a certain occasion by a man who had cut himself chop- ping wond, the good old doctor prescribed blood-letting and calomel as the ]iroper remedies for the case. Other jirac- titioners were Drs. French, Bagg, Tuttle, Hathaway, and NuKent. Drs. /. K. Babeock an<, Chaumont, jLrnRsoNCo.,H.Y LYME. BIany years before the settlement of northern New York, all the water within Stony island and Point Peninsula was called by the Indians " Naionro," by the French liaH Je Niveriwis, and by the English Hungry bay. There are records of visits made to the shore of these waters more than two hundred and fifty years ago. As early as the middle of September, 1015, was the landing of Champlain, with his savage troops, in an e.vpedition against the Iro- quois. The army consisted of nearly two thousand red warriors, and less than twenty Frenchmen. Their canoes wore left in a sheltered cove, while they pushed across the country on foot to make the attack. About seventy yeans la'er, August, 1684, Marquis de la Barre encamped, with eighteen or twenty hundred meti, a majority of whom were French soldicre, probably on Bull lie NiL'cnwis, at a place which he designated in his journal as L(t Fa})u')ir.. The expedition was against the same Iro- quois nations; but he lost nearly all his army by hunger and sickness, whereupon he consummated a treaty with a part of the hofitiie Indians, and returned at once to New France (Canada). In less than another generation. Father Charlevoix, a Jesuit priest, visited the French colonies in North America, under the sanction and order of the King of France, and wrote a letter from the Bay of Famine, dated May !(!, 1721. He wrote of the " prodigious" eagles, the numerous fish, the '' painted"' Indians, and the trees that " reached almost to the clouds." In 1793, Simon Dcsjardines and Pierre Pharoux were sent out by the Castorland company, of France, to explore the sis hundred and twenty-five thousand acres of land in northern New York, which had come into its possession. At New York they were joined by M. I. Brunei, the cele- brated engineer. These three men and their assistants took a bateau at Oswego and started in search of Black river. They seem to have had some trouble in finding it, and were several days about the shores of Ilondei'son and Chaumont bays. A full account of this exploring party will be found elsewhere. The larger portion of the waters between Stony island and Point Peninsula washes the shores of the town of Lyme. It was erected from Brownville on March C, 181, S, and named from old Lyme, in Connecticut. It then included all of its present territory, the town of Cape Vincent, and that portion of Penet's Square which lay we.st of Clayton. Cape Vincent was .set off thirty-one years later. The first public meeting of Lyme township was held in March, 1818, when Eichard M. Ksselstyn was chosen supervisor, and John l>ayan clerk ; J. B. Es.sclstyn, Luther Brittin, and Benjamin Estes were made assessors ; Elnathan Judd, John Dayan, and Joseph Rider became commis-sioners of high- ways ; John M. Trenipor, Tliaddcus Smith, and Kbcr Kel- sey were elected pound-masters and fence-viewers. The following is a complete list of the supervisors of the town up to the present date: Richard M. Es,selstyn, 1818-22; John B. Esselstyn, 1S2:'.; Willard Ainsworth, 1824; at a special meeting in September, 1824, J. B. E.s.selstyn ; Wil- lard Ainsworth, 1825-152; Otis P. Starkey, 18H3; Jere. Carrier, 1834-35; Minot Ingalls, 183G ; Isaac Wells, 1837; Philip P. Gaige, 1838; Roswell T. Lee, 1839; P. P. Gaige, 1840 ; Timothy Dewey, 1841 ; William Carlisle, 1842; Alexander Copley, 1843; AV. O. Howard, 1844; Theophilus Peugnet, 1845; Isaac Wells, 1846-47; Alex. Copley, 1848; P. P. Gaige, 1849. Cape Vincent was erected from this township early in this year; Henry Cline, 1850; Alexander Copley, 1851; David Ryder, 1852; William Carlisle, 1853-54; Jacob Putnam, 1855; Nelson Burdick, 1856; William Dewey, 1857; Jacob Putnam, 1858-60; Francis C. Cline, 18G1 ; Remos Wells, 1862-65; William II. Main, 1866-67; Andrew J. Dewey, 1868-73; Charles M. Eitipie, 1874-76. Adelbert A. Getman is the present supervisor, and John Combs the town clerk ; the ju.stices of the peace are (1877) George W. Rickett, Jacob Snell, Ira Inman, and Daniel C. Holbrook. The members of assembly from this assembly district, who have lived in Lyme, were John B. Esselstyn, 1822-25 ; Otis P. Starkey, 1836 ; Joshua Main, 1854 ; Isaac Wells, 1855; R. Francis Austin, 1856; William Dewey, 1861- 63, and also 1852 ; W. W. Enos, 1871. EARLY REGULATIONS. At the first town-meeting it was voted to divide the town into eight road districts, to give $100 to the poor, and to forbid hogs to run at large without yokes around their necks and rings in their noses ; if this last regulation was violated, the owner of the swine was to pay a penalty of fifty cents. Regulations were also made regarding horses and horned cattle; and the second year (1819) 840 was voted to build two pounds, one at Cape Vincent, and the other at Chaumont. It would appear, from the records, that the hog law was frequently evaded, for, in 1821, it was voted that all the porkers running at large should have "a siijficioil yoke around his or her neck;" and that the fines collected for each violation should be paid over to the commissioners of schools. Bounties were ofltered for wolves and their whelps; taxes for roads were often levied; and the poor-tax was common, §350 being voted in 1847 at a special meeting. FIRST SETTLERS. The first settlement was started in 1801, on the north 445 4t0 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. shore of Chaumoiit river, and a little more than two miles above tiie villaj;e wliicli bears the same name. It is now designated as Old Town. The part}- came by the way of Oswego and the lake, and among them were Jonas Smith and Henry A. Delamater, from Ulster eounty, Kiehard M. Es- seltyn from Clavarack, then in Albany county, David Soper, T. Wheeler, James Soper, Peter Pratt, and Timothy Soper, who.se names are positively known. There were some others. During the summer a small clearing was made, and two or three buildings erected ; but the location was an unhealthy one, and the next spring it was abandoned. The winter of 1801 and 1802 w;is spent by the settlers in the respective homes from which they had emigrated, having returned thdre in the fall, after their summer's clearing and building. In 1802, Mr. Delamater cleared the first land on Point Salubrious. In 1SU3 a part of the colony settled on the site of Chaumont village, built a saw-mill and a warehouse, and put in operation a log tavern ; several other families from Ulster county increased their number ; there were also a few unmarried young men, and an occasional immigrant from Canada. In 1805, James Horton moved the families of Daniel and John Trempcr to the Chaumont settlement, and came with his own family the next year. The Trempers were tanners. A small vessel was begun this year, but never 6iiished. Henry Thomas was keeping a store, and .several mechanics were in business. A DISHE.VRTENINQ YE.\R. Smith and Delamater, the leading spirits of the enter- prise, failed in 180G; others were discouraged by sickness; several had died from the malarial fever that had before afflicted the settlers ; and a majority of the people decided to start once more anew. It may be remarked here that malignant fevers prevailed very fatally in 1828, and typhoid pneumonia and diphtheria in 1875. During the space of fifteen months fifty deaths occurred within the limits of the corporation of Chaumont village at the time of the hist (1875) prevalent sickness. With these exceptions, the region has been considered healthy. Point Salubrious was selected as the next permanent stopping-place. James I. Horton went there in 1800, and was the first settler. A Mr. Mills was probably the second. Joseph Rider, Silas Taft, Stephi'u Fisher, and David Rider came not far from 1807. Harry Horton and many others were here in 1810. No village was established, however, and Chaumont continued to retain its position in this respect. ILMJSTRATIVE INCIDENTS. The hardships of these pioneers were illustrated by such incidents :is the following : In the fall of 1807 a company of Point Salubrious settlers went to Sacket's Harbor to ob- tain a sn])ply of flour for use during the winter; they probably carried the grain of their own raising. On the return trip they were wind-bound a week at the south shore! of Pillar Point, with only a single day's provision. After this was exhausted they lived upon berries growing near by, and upon cakes made of flour and water, and baked on flat stones. Nothing was reported about their beds, which were generally of secondary consideration in those days of di.scomfurt. On another occa.sion, Mr. Horton and Jlr. Williams went to Brownville with two bags of grain on the back of a horse. The miller could not grind the grist until the next morning, and lest it might be delayed beyond that time by others crowding in ahead, Mr. Williams decided to remain over night. It seems to have been necessary that onp of them should return home immediately with the horse. Mr. Horton returned. The next day he started back with the horse at an early hour, and reaching the neighborhood of Limerick, found Mr. W. with the two bags of flour. The grain had been ground quicker than either of them had an- ticipated, and had been brought by Mr. Williams ou his back four or five miles. He would carry one a short dis- tance, set it down, and go back after the other. In this way he kept them both in sight, until met by his friend and neighbor. It was a very welcome meeting in that wild and unbroken forest. Another fact is related concerning Mrs. James Horton, who had great ditfieulty one week in obtaining a fire. This was the .second year of their settlement, and when Mr. Mills was the only near neighbor. Both Mr. Horton and Mr. Mills had been away from home several days, and there Wiis no fire at either log cabin ; neither was there any flint or tinder, and matches had not been invented. What to do she did not know. At last she thought of an old clearing, and went thither with her little boy in the hope of finding a smouldering ember. Their search was unavailing until the little fellow crawled under a half burnt log that lay a little distance up from the ground, and shouted to his mother, " Fire ! I have found it ! Ain't you glad ?" THE QUAKER FAMILIES. When the War of 1812 was declared there were not fifteen families in the settlement, counting all tho.se who lived at Chaumont village and on Point Salubrious. It should be stated that the name Salubrious was given by Mr. Le Ray, because of its healthful and pleasant location. From this point to the St. Lawrence the wilderness w:is unbroken. In 1818 Mr. Musgrove Evans brought a colony of Quakers from Philadelphia and its neighborhood. During the next two years occasional additions were made from the same locality. The journey, of course, was overland, and in some instances la.sted more than thirty days. For a little time new activity was manifested, but the sickness already referred to destroyed the ambition of the Quakers, and they soon after sold out and moved away. Mr. Evans him- self went to the State of Michigan in 1823, and founded the town of Tecum.sch. He was a surveyor, and an agent of Mr. Lc Ray, in this region. OTHER .SETTLERS. An attempt was made in 1812, by two or three men, to settle Point Peninsula, — one of these wits named Robbins. But the war interfered with the project, and it was soon abandoned. Six years later, Sebra Howard, William Wil- cox, Oliver Wilcox, and John Wilcox, with tiicir families, made a permanent settlement. These men were .soon fol- lowed by Brittle Minor, Asidiel Ilosiiigton, Asa Collins, HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 447 John Combs, and others. Jonathan Selter was on the north sliore. No one was livin-; at Thrcc-Milo Ba\', in 1823, except a man whose iiauie is not ikiw ronicniljorcd, who stopped in a lo^ shanty just bej-ond tlic creek, at the east of the village ; here was al.so a toll-gate. Point Peninsula was nearly all taken up before the Ray was pennant'iitly occupied ; and so late as 1835, otdy John Reed, Charles Leonard, and Benjamin Estes were residing there. Daniel Borden lived about half a mile to the west of the village site, and within a distance of two miles eight families subsequently located by the name of Wells. Daniel J. Schuyler settled at Three-Mile Bay in 1835, and w:is the first merchant; he built eighteen or twenty of the village houses. About the same time, Asa Wilcox identi- fied himself with the place, and during the forty ycare of his residence built no less than forty-eight vessels, besides many .smaller boats and fishing craft. The Star, Wave, Banner, and other club-boats repeatedly won prizes at regattas. TIIK .\SIII,.\NI) FAIl.M. When William Dewey was a civil engineer, subsequently in the employ of the Rome, Watcrtown, and Cape Vincent Railroad Companies, he purcha.sed a thousand acres of unbroken land of Vincent Le Ray de Cluuinnint, and took possession with his father, Timothy Dewey ; this was in 1833. The farm is not far from Three-Mile Bay, is nearly level, and one of the most fertile in Jetl'erson County. Forty-five years ago it was very forbidding, much of it being under water a portion of the sea.son ; it sooti acf|uired the name of Dewey's Swamp. The timber was chiefly ash, .soft maple, elm, and oak. But Mr. Dewey gave his personal attention to the hard-looking farm, employed a large force of laborers, expended a great amount of money in drainage, and thus brought the soil to its present rich condition. Mr. George Ricketts was Mr. Dewey's foreman for the last thirteen yeare of his life. The Ashland farm has recently been sold to John P. and N. E. Douglass, of New York City. A LAKGE PURCHASE. For many years Alexander Copley w.is the largest land- holder in all this region of country. He came to Jefferson County in 1833, and had been here nearly fifty years when he died. On June 7, 1833, he purcha.sed two thousand five hundred and sixty-two acres of Vincent Le Ray de Chaumont, and three years later — October 5, 183G — the large tract of sixteen thousand nine hundred and sixty-one acres from Gouverneur Morris. These lands lay in the towns of Clayton, Brownville, and Lyme. Afterwards he added ten thousand acres more to his estate, the land being situated in the town of Antwerp, thus owning nearly thirty thousand acres in all. Mr. Copley made Chaumont his home, although business often called him elsewhere ; he dealt largely in stone and grain, owned a grist-mill, em- ployed vos.sels, was a director of the Union bank from the year of its organization till his death, February, 1871, and was also a merchant. ANOTHER INCIDENT. Before leaving the.se statements concerning the hardy pioneers of Lyme, a sad story may be related, the substance of which is given in Dr. Hough's sketch of Clayton. In 1817, Simon and Jared White came from the vicinity of Depauville to Three-Mile Point, with the intention, proba- bly, of making a settlement. After remaining here a short time they decided to go west; they had been tres- passers in the township of Clayton, and may not have been cordially received here. The westwaid-bouiid ]iarty con- sisted of eleven persons, — the two fathers, their wives, mother, and children. The first night they put up a mile or two beyond Sacket's Harbor. They were never seen alive after leaving this spot. The men had several hundred dollare in money, and it is suppo.sed that the di.ssolute sailors and soldiers lounging about the neighborhood robbed and murdered the whole parly. The boat wxs found empty of household goods, and the bodies of ihe brothers showed unmistakable marks of violence. Search was made for the women, but they were never discovered. The children were found dead under the water. MILITARY INTERESTS. The first celebration of our national independence, in all this region of country, was held at Chaumont in 1802. The tunnber in attendance was certainly more than a hun- dred persons. From Clwunpion and Ilounsfield, Watcrtown and Brownville, Sacket's ilaibor and Cape Vincent, and other points of settlement, the forefathers and foremothers came to do homage to the old flag and the land of the brave. Several were Revolutionary soldiers. Food and drink were plenty. Indians and squaws must also have joined the festivities. Rum and maple-sugar, shooting at a mark and wrestling, stories and songs, and fife and drum, could hardly have been wanting on this occasion, although there is no published report of the proceedings to guide us in making out the history of that Fourth of July. Considerable alarm was felt at Chaumont in 1812 lest the British should come, pillage their homes and burn them ; nor did they know but hostile Indians might take advantage of the war to pounce upon them and carry off their scalps. General Brown therefore advised the building of a block-house for defense, and this was erected the same year, on the north shore of the bay. Not long after, a S(|uad of English soldiers visited the place, and promised not to destroy any property if the inhabitants would take down the block-hou.se. This was done, and the material after- wards used on Point Salubrious, in the erection of a build- ing for .school and religious purposes. The artillery of this block-hou.se, or fiirt, consist■y Ccplfi/, 275 tons, owned by H. Copley, A. Wilcox, and J. Uilmore; in June, 1874, Water- town, owned by 11. Copley, Folger Brothers, and W. W. Enos, of 30i) tons burden ; in October, 1874, A. J. Dewey, owned by II. Copley, A. J. Dewey, and W. W. Enos, 270 tons, Captain W. 0. Vincent; in June, 1874, was also launched the small steamer Edith Sewcll, built and owned by I'luche Brothers. Since 1835 the following vessels have been launched at Tliree-Mile Bay, the larger proportion having been built by Asa Wilcox ; the aggregate tonnage of the vessels con- structed by Mr. Wilcox, between 1835 and 1852, amounted to 6410 tons, the largest having a measurement of 395 tons. In 1835, the Florida and Elon Brotisoii ; 1836, Pennsylvania and Kentucky ; 1837, Missouri; 1838, Pa- triot; 1841, visa Wilcox and Havana; 1842, D. D. Cal- vin and Rocky Mountains; 1843, Camhridge (brig). Em- pire, and Neptune; 1844, Cuba, Oregon, and (brig) Ontario; in 1845, Milan and (brig) Hampton; 1846, (propeller) Clifton, Champion (brig), Iroquois, and Rio Grande; 1847, Palmetto, Seminole, Portland, Acadia, and (brig) H. R. Seymour; 1848 (brigs) Saxton and Ocean; 1849, D. J. Scuyler ; 1852, Melrose; 1853 (three- master) Hungarian; Mr. Wilcox also built many club boats and fishing boats. A few of the list of the vessels built by him since 1853 have not been obtained; he con- structed forty-eight vessels — at Three-Mile Bay, and other places — during his life-time ; in 183G he built the Congress, on Pillar Point. In 1843 Scuyler and Powers launched the Col. Powers, at Three-Mile Bay, of 80 tons burden ; in the same year William Combs built the Bogart, having the same capacity. In 1845 E. Cline completed The Rush, of 52 tons, and Peter Estes the Breeze, of 100 tons. In 1832 S. Howard built the New York, of 80 tons, on Point Peninsula. In 1834 G. C. Rand built the William Ruck- ley, 112 tons; in 1836 the Bancroft, and in 1837 the G. C. Rand, each of the same tonnage, and at the same place. SCHOOLS. The first school was started by Nancy Smith, in 1805, four years after the settlement of the town. This cultiva- tion of ideas was carried forward on the south side of the bay. 3Iention is also made of a school which was held in the reconstructed block-house, erected on Point Salubrious, — the block-house or fort taken down by the inhabitants in 1812, at the demand of British soldiers. The first com- missioners of schools were chosen in 1818, at the first town- meeting ; the names of the commissioners were James M. Cran, II. M. Esselstyn, and Benjamin T. Bliss. Seven years later, James M. Cran and R. T. Lee were authorized to determine the boundaries of the school districts. (It will be remembered that these statements apply to the ter- ritory of Cape Vincent, as well as that of Lyme, until 1849.) Between the years 1824 and 1849, with two ex- ceptions, the town annually voted to collect by tax double the sum of money appropriated by the State for school privi- 450 HISTORY OF JEFFEESON COUNTY, NEW YORK. leges ; in 1 830 and 1 831 the school tax only equaled the State appropriation. At a meeting of the present town of Lyme, held in February, 1857, a resolution was passed recommending the giving of $.tO,()00 by the legislature of New York to tlie St. Lawrence University. Select schools have been maintained from time to time, some of which have been taught by men from college. At Three-Mile Bay a very handsome building has ju.st been completed, at a cost of 83000. There are sixteen school districts in the town. TEMPERANCE INTERESTS. The first temperance organization was formed in a school- house on Tlnee-Mile Point, about 1833. Jo.shua Lawton was chosen president, and Zenas Ellis secretary ; William Mcpherson, Sylvester Lawton, and a Mr. Johnson were other persons wiio are remembered as especially interested in its success. More than two liuiidrod persons were induced to sign the pledge. Aft«r two or three yeare the organization held its meetings in Chaumont. The first jilcdge was very easy in its requirements, demanding an abstinence only from distilled liquors ; all malt liquors, wines and ciders, new or old, could be used at each member's desire. But tiiis ac- complisiied little or nothing for the good of temperance, and the pledge was finally put upon the true basis of a total refraining from all strong drinks. In 1844 the scs- .sion of the Presbyteriiui churcti unanimously passed a reso- lution, that all persons presenting themselves for membership should be required to sign a pledge of entire abstinence from all intoxicating liquors as a beverage ; the session also voted to submit this resolution to the church for its approval. In 1850 the Sons of Temperance had a lodge at Point Peninsula, called the " Polar Star," and numbered 545 ; at Tlirce-Mile Bay was the " Northern Star," number 90, organized December 20, 1850 ; there was another named " Chaumont"' at that village, with the number of 547. These gave place to the Good Templars, who organized a lodge on the 20th of December, 1866, and the nineteenth in the order of numbers. The Reform Club movement enlisted the community last spring ( 1877), with Chaumont and Tlirec-Mile J5ay as the centres of meeting ; the club at the bay is especially in a flourishing condition. These societies have had their ebbings, like all others of the country, but each movement has marked a decided gain for both body and soul. RELIGIOUS. The first Sunday-school was opened on Point Salubrious at an early date, but given up after a short experience. In 1835 there was no regular Sabbath worship at Chaumont, and the Lord's day — to use the language of one who has written concerning the fact — was " signalized more by muscular Christianity, — a development of the muscles by athletic games, — than by the worship of God." This is more or less tnie of all new communities. There were three taverns at the village. In this state of things, Mr. Solon l^Ia.ssey moved to the place, and soon after started a Sabbath-school. Out of these Christian efforts grew the Presbyterian and Methodist churches ; at least, the first im- pulse was here. The Baptist organization was holding services chiefly in the western part of the town. And this leads us to speak of the Baptist churches, one of which has been orgauized over sixty years. FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. In 1816 the Rev. Joseph Maltby, of Rodman, preached two or three months on Point Salubrious, and baptized eighteen persons. On August 12, of that j'car, a council of sister churches convened and recognized twenty-five con- stituent members as a Baptist church. Elder Elisha Mor- gan delivered the sermon. Among the original members were Stephen Fislier, Henry Horton, Abigail Ilorton, Amos Richards, Benjamin Bliss, George Coon, Nancy Coon, James Horton, and Nathan M. Kendall. Nathan Kendall, Stephen Fisher, and Eliphalet Peck were the first deacons, and were ordained May 2, 1822. Elder Thomas Morgan was the finst pastor, but how long he served the people does not appear on the records. On July 24, 1824, a branch society was formed on Point Peninsula, and meetings were held at the two above-named places, and at Chaumont, Pillar Point, North Shore, and Three-Mile Bay. Aslina Lawton was settled as pastor in 1832, and continued until November, 1837. In April, 1 833, the name of the church was changed to the United church of Lyme. In 1834, eighteen members were dis- missed to the branch on I'oint Peninsula, and that became an independent organization. In the fall of this year (1834) six other members withdrew from the mother church, — Nathan M. Kendall, Nathaniel Wells, Martha Woodruff, Ada Shaw, Anna Pratt, and Ahitabel Shaw, — and on the 11th of the following February were recognized by a council as the Second Baptist church of Lyme. This was done in order to better accommodate the members at Three-Mile Baj- and the North Shore. The new organization started with twenty-six constituent members ; and on February 10, 1838, the old church on Point Salubrious disbanded, and tiie new church took the name of the First Baptist church of Lyme, which it now bears. John S. Whitman succeeded Elder Lawton in May, 1838 ; more than a htmdred were added during his miui.s- try of a little more than five years. The first house of worship was erected in the village of Three- Jlile Bay, in 1840, at a cost of two thousand five hundred dollars, and dedicated December 24, 1840. In November, 1843, R. T. Smith, of Pulaski, was settled as pastor, and served the church until March, 1846; during his pastorate thirty- five were received by baptism. The parsonage was built in 1844, and was subsequently enlarged and improved. Elder Lorenzo Rice was called May 1, 184G, and continued as pastor for five years. In March, 1849, he was a.ssisted in a series of meetings by Rev. John F. Bishop, of Belle- ville, and one hundred and twenty-four additions were made to the church as a result of these revival labors. The membership was then two hundred and ninety-three, larger than it has been at any other time during its history. B. C. Crandall was the next pastor for two years, closing his labors June 1, 1853. In October, 1854, E. G. Blount served the congregation for six months, and was succeeded in May, 1855, by Daniel Dye; he remained fiiur years, and twenty-five were baptized. After Mr. Dye came G. N. Harmon, who preached until April, 18C4. J. S. Blandou HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 451 was ordained pastor in October, 18G4, and closed his labors in February, 18G8. Then A. G. Dansford supplied the desk for five months, and was succeeded by ]). C. Haynes, from May, 1869, to the following September. J. M. Beeman was next settled as pastor, in April, 1870 ; he died suddenly, Sept. 24, 1875, lamented by the com- munity. The present pastor is Rev. E. F. Maine, who was called from Adams Centre, and settled March 1, 187(>. Up to the present date, — October, 1877, — twenty-three persons have united with the cliurch under Mr. Maine. During the summer of .1874 the house of worship was rebuilt and enlarged, at an expense of two thousand eight hundred dollars. Daniel J. Scuyler has been clerk of the church since 1859. Adrian Van Woert, Duuiel Herrick, Daniel J. Borden, and Zenas Elli.s arc the present deacons. The number of pei-sons received into the church since the original organization, in 1816, has been 747; the amount of money expended for religious purposes has been about g!30,000. FREE-WILL B.A.PTISTS. Not far from 1827, Elder Araasa Dodge formed a Free Comnmnion Baptist church at Three-Mile Bay ; this was succeeded by tlie Free-will organization on July 6, 1841, under the direction of Mr. Dodge and with the greater portion of the members of the free-communion body. At a meeting held in the house of William Northop, Dec. 18, 1843, a society was formed, with Charles Leonard, R. H. Bartlett, Henry Leonard, William Northop, and Charles Caswell, as trustees. A church building wxs erected in 1844. Succeeding Mr. Dodge, as pastors, were Elders Overocker, McKoon, Samuel Padding, Hart, Griffith, Ab- bey Staples, and Hitchcock. Regular services have not been maintained for .several of the later years, the pastor at Depauville making occasional visits and preaching. April 13, 1867, the society elected the following trustees to serve one year, or until their succes.sors should be chosen : L. D. Aekerman, William Northop, A. J. Cooley, A. Hamilton, and James Reed. M. Hamilton is also clerk of the soci- ety, and these pereons still hold (1877) their office. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. During the summer of 1831, Rev. Dexter Clary, John Hall, a licentiate, and a Mr. Wicks, who had the ministry in view, visited Chaumont, and went from house to hou.sc, talking and praying with the people concerning the great f|ursti()n of personal religioti. Sincere in their efforts, the inhabitants received them with respect, a revival followed, and the Presbyterian church was at once organized. Two or three revival meetings each day were held for a little time, some in the school-hou.se and the larger ones in a barn that is still standing on the north side of the bay. It was on September 22, 1831, that George S. Boardmaii and John Sessions met a number of the iiihabitanf.s in the school-house of the village, and organized the First Presby- terian church of Chaumont; these ministers were a com- mittee sent out by the Presbytery of Watertown for the purpo.se, if they should find the way clear. The member- ship consisted of eighteen persons, fourteen of whom were women ; eleven of the eighteen persons bore the name of McPherson, but wore from three diffisrent families. The names of the original members were as follows : William McPherson, Mrs. Batliiah Williams, Hugh McPherson, James Horton, Adolia McPherson, Ellis Hill, Betsey Mc- Pherson, Fanny Hills, Jane McPherson, Sally McPherson, Lucy Hubbard, Lucinda McPherson, Nancy A. Mills, Mary McPherson, Bet.sey Trumbul, Hannah McPherson, Sarah McPherson, and May McPhei-son. At this meeting of organization, Wm. McPherson was chosen a ruling elder. In November, 1835, Rev. George S. Boardman presided at a church meeting where Solon Massey was elected the second ruling elder, and when six persons made profession of their faith in Christ. This church struggled on for several years, with occasional preaching and tlie reading of sermons by Mr. Msussey, to- gether with remarks and prayer by the brethren. The first death was that of Fanny Hill.", in 1831. Seven years aft«r the formation of the church, on Sept. 25, 1838, a meeting wiis held of the male members and perhaps of some others, at the dwelling-house of Solon Ma.s.-;ey, when a resolution, j)li'dging themselves, as individuals and as a church, to raise $100 for the support of such Presbyterian minister as can be obtained, for one-half the time, for one year to come, was unanimously adopted. This was signed by Solon Massey, Hugh McPherson, David Burnett, Philip Beasora, and William McPherson. In the following year the scrvic&s of Samuel Leonard were secured one-half of the time, and William Chittenden preached a part of 1841. In 1842 J. A. Canfield, then a licentiate, lived at Dexter, and divided his services between the two congregations. In 1843 he moved to Chaumont, and made the wider division of his strength and labors be- tween Chaumont, Three-Mile Bay, La Fargeville, and the neighboring school-houses ; and afterwards at Depauville. Under these circumstances, it is not surprising that .some of the people called him the " Presbyterian bishop of all north of Black river." Meetings were held in the stone school-house until the erection of a church building, which was begun in 1843 ; it was dedicated Sept. 17, 1845. At this dedicatiory ser- vice Mr. Canfield was ordained and installed over the flock. The first trustees of the society, which was formed March 20, 1844, were Philip Bea.som, Ozias Bander, and Jeremiah Bonnet. It is probable that a house of worship would not have been built, at the time above named, but for the per- severance of Robert McPherson. After the people had done themselves credit on the sub.scription book, only half enough money was pledged to meet the estimated expense. He decided, however, to go forward ; framed the building himself; had the lumber sawed in his own saw-mill ; and finally mortgaged his farm in order to obtiiin funds for the purchase of such material as paint, glass, and nails. When the church was done, the people willingly divided the debt with him, giving him their notes, to be paid in one year without interest. Mr. Canfield preached in Chaumont twenty-one years, and was succeeded by William Campbell, who came in 18G4; W. M. Hoyt in 1867; and E. G. Bickford in 1870. A large revival blessed the church under the Rev. Mr. Bickford; and in 1872, a fine parsonage was built. He left his charge in 1874, in order to become a foreign 452 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. missionary, and is now stationed at Marnsli, Turkey, as a theological professor. The present pastor is Rev. P. Bar- bour, who entered upon his work in the spring of 1874. The present prosperity and number of the nicnibersbip has not been exceeded in the past. The elders of the church are William McPherson, Abram Van Doren, Morris J. Gary, John Diii^nian, and Charles M. Knapp; the trustees of the society are Peter Van Doren, Iliram Copley, and Daniel Fish. METHODIST CHORCHES. There are three churches of this denomination in the town of Lyme, the first beinj; organized in 1834, on Point Peninsula. Hiram Shepherd and Freeman H. Stanton, then on the Cajie Vincent charge, were appointed by the conference for this purpose; these ministers formed the class in the aforesaid year, with James Cooley as class- leader. This station was supplied for several years with preaching from the Cape Vincent pastors, but was subse- quently made an independent charge. The society has never owned a house of worship, but good accommodations for religious services have been provided. The following are the names of the preachers who have cultivated this field ; only the year when they entered upon their labors is given: Lyman Ackerman, 1835; Hiram Shepherd, 1837; 0. Squires, 1838; Sylvester Bishop, 1839; La Corbin, 1841; Leonard Deckiiis, 1842; Silas Slater, 1844; George Plank, 1845; Thomas B. Brown and John R. Lewis, 1846; Thomas Brown, 1847; John B. Cocaigne, 1848; L. D. Ferguson, 1850; Josiah Zimmerman, 1852; Browning Nichols, 1854; Cyrus Phillips, 1856; Father Pennock, 1857 ; Peter G. Kenney, 1858; A. Fradenburgh, 1860; Ross 0. Houghton, 1861; George W. Calkins, 1862; Chauncy Simmons, 1863; W. S. Lewis, 1804; Chauncy Simmons, 1865; 3Ir. Abbey, 1866; Chamberlain Phelps, 1867; W. W. Totheroh, 18GU; Peter Bullis, 1870; Eugene Waugb, 1871; C. N. Higby, 1872; D. W. Aylesworth, 1873; U. S. Hubbell, 1S74; D. W. Aylesworth, 1875. The present pastor is Peter La Clair, who entered upon his labors in 1876. The present officers of the church are Nelson L, Enders, leader ; A. B. Dingman, Timothy Fox, James IL Wiggins, Abram Roof, Anson Hewitt, James W. Enders, D. C. Holbrouk, and Aaron Brougham, stewards; N. L. Enders is recording steward. The territory now embraced in " The Thrce-Mile Bay charge" was formerly included in the Cape Vincent circuit. The first cla.ss was formed at the bay in 1839, composed of the following-named per.sons : David iMcCom- ber, Eliza McComber, Benjamin Manning, Abigail Man- ning, and Prudence Caswell, all of whom are now dead, except Mrs. Mc-Comber. Reverends William Tripp and Corbin were on the circuit when the class was formed. In 1846 the Three-Mile Bay circuit was formed, embracing Point Peninsula, North Shore, Fo-\ Creek, Burnt Rock, Chaumont, and Three-Mile Bay. Reverends J. R. Lewis and Thomas Brown were the preachers in charge. They were followed by Rev. Wm. Tripp, who remained one year Under his pastorate the parsonage commenced by the so- ciety was finished. Succeeding him was Rev. Mr. Cocaigne, who remainc'd two years. During bis pastorate an arrange- ment was made with the Free-will Baptist society, by which the use of their church was obtained one-half the time for the Methodists. Mr. Cocaigne was followed by Rev. L. D. Ferguson, who also remained two years, when Rev. J. Zimmerman succeeded him, and likewise remained two years. During his time of service the society changed the place of meetings from the Baptist church to Union Hall, which had formerly been the ball-room of a hotel. Rev. B. Nichols came next, and had charge of the society for two years. Under his administration the society erected the church which it now occupies. Following Mr. Nichols were Rev. Cyrus Phillips, two years; Rev. Castle, two years; Rev. E. Wheeler, one year; Rev. S. Griffin, who died before his term ex]iired ; and Rev. Chauncy Sim- monds, a local preacher, who filled Mr. Griffin's unex- pired term. Succeeding him were Rev. G. D. Greenleaf, two years; Rev. Ross C. Houghton, two years; Rev. Chamberlain Phelps, two years ; and Rev. Isaac Turncy, who resigned his charge before his term had expired, and was succeeded by Rev. Chauncy Simmonds, who remained three years. During his term he commenced raising funds to build a church at Chaumont, which was erected by his successor. Rev. D. W. Aylesworth, who also remained three yeare, and was followed by Rev. L. B. Noulton, the present pastor. The charge has been reduced from time to time by the formation of new charges from its membei-ship at Point Peninsula and St. Lawrence (formerly Crane's Cor- ners). The present charge embraces Three-Mile Bay and Chaumont, and occupies a very respectable position among the various charges of the conference. Tlie present trustees are Geo. McPherson, Le Roy Reed, Peter Bellinger, B. F. Lucas, Johnson Simmonds, and C. D. Hayes. The present class-leaders are C. H^ Hamilton and Stephen Curtis. On December 13, 1839, a Slethodist class was formed at Chaumont wilh nineteen members. For many years meet- ings were held in the school-liou.se, and the station was con- nected with the Depauville charge; afterwards, until 1874, services were conducted in the town hall by the preacher from the bay. On August 26, 1872, the church and congre- gation met in their accustomed place of worship and de- cided to enter upon the work of building a church. A society was formed at this meeting, with the following trustees: G. W. Pennock, Stephen Jaquay, Joshua Main, Jacob R.Horton, and Chester O'Connor. Stephen Jaquay was chosen sec- retary, and has held the office to the present date; the present stewards (1877) arc 11. E. Horton, G. W. Pennock, Chester O'Connor, and Charles Atwood ; the class-leaders, Stephen Jaquay and Samuel Watrcjus. During the sum- mer of 1874 the church building was erected, and on the 9th of September, with very interesting services, dedicated to the worship of Almighty God. It is valued at six thou- sand dollar.-;, and, as already stated, the congregation is sup- plied each Sabbath with one preaching service by the resi- dent pastor at Three-Slile Bay. The pre.'sent trustees are as follows: G. W. Pennock, Riley Horton, R, W, Iliggins, S, Jaquay, and Addison Van de Walker. UNIVERSALIST. The first Universalist society was organized on the 8th of Sepleiidjer, 1850. David Bownuui, Elijah Graves, and Andrew Inniau were made trustees. Preaching has been HISTORY OF JEFFP]RSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 453 irrejiular. There is no church building, and at the present date there are no services of any kind. CEMETERIES. Tile first burial-ground near Three-Mile Bay was on a point of land east of the village and near the water. The present grounds are west of the village. There is also a burying-ground on Point Peninsula. At Chauniont the old burial-place is on the north side of the bay and several rods buck from the turnpike. On June 14, 1S73, at a meeting in the office of Hiram Copley, the Cedar Grove Cemetery Association was formed, with the following trus- tees : Ira Inman, A. J. Dowey, De Witt Copley, George Swind, O. C. Taft, Abram Van Doron, William Dillcnbeck, J. C. Pluche, and Dr. E. B. Pratt. The grounds contain about two acres, and are ple;isantly situated a little .south of the village, overlooking the water of the bay. The first president was De Witt Copley. Dr. H. W. Jowett is the president at this date, and William Dillenbeck is sec- retary and sexton. POINT SALUBRIOUS MINER.\L SPRINGS. About two years ago (in 1S75) Mr. Alvah W. Warner discovered mineral water while drilling a well to obtiiin water for u.se in his family. Reaching a depth of .seventy- four feet he obtained an abundant supply, but found it useless for cooking purposes. There was likewise a strong mineral smell and taste to the water. Its color also in- dicated its character. Many persons drank of it, and be- lieved they were benefited by its medicinal properties. After about two years, the well seeming to be ino.xhau.stible, Mr. Warner had Theodore Decke, special pathologist of the New York State Lunatic Asylum, at Utica, make a thorough chemical analysis of the water, in March, 1877, and the following result was reached (Mr. Deeke having visited tlie well in person) : "The mineral water is of excellent quality, as the chemical an- alysis shows, and belongs to the s.aline sulphur water. From the large amount of chloride of sodium, chloride of magnesium, sulphate of soda, and sulphuretted hydrogen, and the small amount of sulphate of lime, its action upon the system, when taken in proper quantity, will be cathartic. The internal use of the water will be of v.alue iu the treatment of gout and chronic rheumatism, anIarsh, Nelson Bauter, John Bents, Edwin A. Gorner, and William Garlock, constables; Anson J. Kring, game constable ; and Leonard Dean, commissioner of excise. THE BURNING OF THE " SIR ROBERT PEEL." On the night between the 29th and 30th of May, 1838, the British steamship Sir Robert Peel was plundered and burned at the upper end of Wellesley island, while taking in wood, by a party of twenty-two self-styled " patriots," led by one Bill Johnston. After driving the passengers ashore and plundering the boat, the brigands cast her oif from the shore and set her on fire. Large rewards were oifered for the apprehension of any of those engaged in the nefarious undertaking, and although several of the parties were ar- rested, none of them were at the time convicted. A con- siderable amount of international inquiry was instituted, and one man was subsequently executed at Kingston for the incendiarism. ROCK ISLAND LIGHT, opposite the mouth of Mullet creek, was erected as one of the three beacons authorized in the St. Lawrence by the act of March 3, 1853. Bill Johnston was appointed keeper of this light, which shines near the spot where the Sir Robert Feel was burned. LA FARGEVILLE. The point first selected as the site of a village in Orleans was llixford's Corners, which is situated two miles south of the present village. It was named after Sabin Rixford, who settled there in 1817. A store was erected at the " Corners" in 1818 by one Morton, and a distillery and an ashery were establi.shad there prior to 1820. In 1825 the store was burned, and the town records were likewise destroyed. The early town-meetings were held at this store, and the general business of the inhabitants of the town was transacted there. But now the .smiling grain grows and ripens where once the embryo village stood, and the activity that at one time cliaracteriised the spot is known there no more. The first settlemjnt at Li Fargevillc was made without title by Dr. Reuben Andrus, of Vermont, who in 1819 erected a log will on Catfish creek, within the present limits of the village. From this the place acquired the name of " Log Mills," which it long retained. On the occasion of a Fourth of July celebration in 1823, a resolution was passed giving the place its present name of La Fargeville, in honor of John La Farge, the proprietor of the site. THE FIRST LOG HOUSE in the village was erected by Dr. Andrus, in 1819, and was quite a primitive affair. The first frame house was built by Horace Cook, in 1823. The first store was kept by Wood- bridge C. George, in 1820, and business gradually centered at this point. The same year that the store was opened Alvah Goodwin erected a plain log tavern, which did good service for a number of years. THE FIRST GRIST-MILL that can rightly be considered as such was erected for La Farge, by William Lirrabe, about 1825. It is still standing, and is a venerable landmirk of " ye olden time." It has two run of stone (as at first), and is now owned by R. T. Jerome, Jr. The next important feature in the development of the place was the FIRST SCHOOL-HOUSE, which was erected in 1821. Among those now remem- bered who attended this primitive " temple of learning ' were Emory N;ish, three of Peter Cook's children, three of Dr. Andrus', and some of the Townsends. In 1837 the FIRST CHURCH EDIFICE was erected, by Colonel Wright, of Depauville, for the Bap- tist society, which still stands, a monument to the dura- bility and antiquated architecture of the past. The village has improved gradually. In 1850 it contained, according to the census of Mr. Rottiers, fifty dwellings, sixty-one families, and 312 inhabitants. It now contains two general stores, kept respectively by Russell B. Biddle- com and D. J. Diwey ; two drug- and grocery-stores, by Lucius and Byron Stow and G. Marshall ; a tavern, billiard- saloon, tailor-shop, three blacksmithies, one wagon-shop, one grist- and one saw-mill. It has four churches, namely, Baptist, Methodist Episcopal, Protestant Methodist, and Catholic, and an Episcopalian society, which contemplates the erection of a house of worship the ensuing year (1878). There are two resident physicians, two lawyers, and three ministers. La Fargeville is on the Utica and Black River railroad, 18 miles from Watertown, and 17 from Clayton. It has a depot, express- and telegraph-ofiices, is a post-village, and has a population fairly estimated at 375. Attempts, attended with but indifferent success, have been made at La Fargeville to estjiblish educational institu- tions other than the common schools, notably the ORLEANS ACADEMY. The project of establishing an academy first began to be discu.ssed in August, 1850, on the 12th of which month a meeting was convened at the Baptist church in La Farge- ville, sever.al plans were proposed, and a room was tcmjio- rarily fitted up for a school, Mr. Burton B. Townsend being the first teacher. In the .summer of 1851 a wooden build- ing, 50 by 70 feet, and two stories high, was commenced and partly fini.shed, when, on July IG, 1851, it was blown dciwn in a gale, but rebuilt the same season. It stands on a lot of one acre, and is now used by the Methodists as a house of worship. It cost about S2500 in subscriptions of 810 each. An application to the regents was made Jan. 27, 1852, and on Feb. 5 a charter was granted, alhiwing the school to share in the literature fund upon freeing itself from debt and acquiring an estate of not less than §25(10. The trus- tees first named were Lewis T. Ford, Loren Buslincll, John Wf '>?^ ^! ^^'j^^^'ffght i:ltj^ tt *^rA^^i Gf^Al// BAf^N OP nflA'NH BY M- e W«(TMAN PRESENT RZSIDZNCE. Property of WILLIAM WHi Y,ORUANS,JEFf[RS0N Co.. N Y * "1 /^ MRS.&IDLQN BUDLONG. &;OC0N BUDLONC. FARM-RZSIDINCE or GIDEON BUDLON&.ORiUNsjiFnusoH CoJ.Y HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 457 N. Rottiers, Elisha Sawyer, John Tallman, Hirani Dewey, Brainaid Everett, John Foot, Ilirain iMitchcll, I'^ldridgc G. Merrick, Luther Sauison, Edgar W. Beedle, Daricl Rich- ardson, David J. Dewey, Ilirani P. Dillonback, John Hill, Henry Erwin, Russell B. Biddlecom, Nathan Elmer, Ash- ley Tanner, James Green, Rufus Smith, Parley Brown, and David Joy. The trustees never reported, we believe, or became entitled to a share of the literature fund. The academy, after a long struggle to free itself from debt, and owing to the meagre support extended to it, passed into private hands by sale on execution ; and, finally, it was pur- chased by the Mctluidist Ej)iseopal society, and converted into a house of worship, and is now owned and used by them as such. No school was held iu the building subse- quent to 1855. THE LA FARGE MANSION. In 1838 the mansion and farm of Mr. La Farge, one 1 mile south of La Fargevillo, was purchased by Bishop Du- ' bois, and a Catholic seminary, named " St. Vincent de Paul," \ wan opened under Rev. Francis Guth and several assistants. It Wiis designed to combine in this a theological seminary for the education of priests, and a classical boarding-school, — the more advanced candidates for holy orders serving as teachers during part of the time. Most of the boarders came from New York, and very few only being from the vicinity ; but, after a trial of two and a half years, it was found that its location was too remote, and Bishop Hughes, who succeeded Dubois, removed it to the vicinity of Nc^w York, where St. John's College (Fordham) was founded soon after. The greatest number of scholars at La Farge- ville was fifteen, and that of persons more or less employed in teaching nearh' as many. The old mansion is now occu- pied by Michael J. Hughes, a nephew of the bishop, a.s a farm-house. LA FAROEVILLE LODGE, NO. 171, F. & A. M., was chartered June 21, 1850, -with the following officers: John C. Young, W. M. ; James Green, S. W. ; Allen Dean, J. W. It was at first known as " Stone Mills Lodge," and was located at that village until February, 1867, when it was moved to La Fargeville, and the name changed by the Grand Lodge, as above. The present ofiicers of the lodge are: B. J. Strough, W. M. ; R. Soucks, S. W. ; W. C. Hill, J. W. The present membership is G7. The hall in which the lodge meets is owned by B. J. and L. S. Strough. OMAR is pleasantly situated on Mullet creek, one and a half miles from its mouth. It was formerly named from the stream, afterwards " kludge's Mills," and since the establishment of a post-office in 1842, by its present name, Oniar, being taken, it is said, from the personage of Dr. Johnson's alle- gorical tale in the English Reader. The first settlement in the vicinity was by William Tanner, about 1818, and in 1820 William and Treat Mudge erected the first grist- and saw-mill, a j)riniitivo affair, but sufficient for the require- ments of the time. For several years the place contained nothing else, and in 1837 embraced but six buildings. The first store was opened under thecupartnershipofTrucsdell .V Stackhouse, in 1841. They also erected an ashery the same year. The present grist-mill was erected by Samuel Newton. It is now owned and operated by Dewey & Rood. On the present site of the saw-mill erected by the Mudges in 1820 stands a saw-mill built by Samuel Stackhouse and Samuel Newton. This is operated by Dewey & Rood. In 1841, Messrs. Samuel N. Stackhouse and Samuel P. Newton erected the lower saw-mill, and later Samuel Stackhouse built the one on the east side of the creek. Among the oldest inhabitants now residing in and near the village are Ralph Gurnee, Esq., Timothy R. Stackhouse, Samuel P. Newton, John W. Collins, Otis N. Brittin, and others. THE POST-OFFICE was established May 17, 1840, and T. R. Stackhouse ap- pointed the first postmaster. The present incumbent is James C. Lee, who, besides being the only merchant in the place, officiates also as the telegraph-operator. The first district school was taught by Miss Kate Stack- house. There are now six common schools taught within a radius of three miles of the village. The first and only church building was erected by Truesdell & Stackhouse, Samuel Newton, and Samuel Stackhouse, in 1841. Omar now contains one extensive general store, a tavern, one grist-mill, three saw-mills, two shingle-machines, two blacksmithies, two wagon-shops, one cabinet-shop, a tele- graph-office, post-office, a public school, and a Methodist Episcopal church. It has a population of 100. STONE MILLS is a small village, which was formerly called Collins' Mills, from the Collins family, that settled there at an early day. They are descendants of William Collins, who was a soldier in the war of 1776, of whom we shall write more fully in the military history of the county. Stone Mills is included iu Penet's Square, and settlements were made by squatters in its vicinity as early as 1806. The first of these was Roderick C. Frasier. In 1807 Peter Pratt made the sec- ond location, and soon after, Benajah and Merchant Carter, Samuel and David Ellis, Robert Bruncr, and others, some of wliom, during the war of 1812, removed to denser set- tlements. In 1813 a young man was taken up in the neighborhood on the suspicion that he was a spy, and on his attempting to escape was shot and mortally wounded, when he confessed that he was a deserter from Sacket's Harbor. About 1820 a small stone grist-mill was built by J. B. (Collins and Peter Pratt, which suggested the present name of the place. A plat of one acre was here surveyed by De Rham to the town, for the site of public buildings, upon which, in 1838, a fine stone school house was erected (which still remains), and the year previous a Union church building, also of stone. Stone Mills now contains one general stoi'c, blacksmith- and wagon-shops, a saw-mill and a grist-mill, two churches (Lutheran and Protestant Methodist"), a public school and a select school, taught very successfully by JMiss Nellie F. Everest, a post-office, and about 75 inhabitants. ORLEANS FOUR CORNERS is a small hamlet nn the Utica and Black River railroad. 458 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. containing a post-ofiSce, and a conglomerate of a few dwell- ings. RELIGIOUS. Quite a lively interest was manifested in religious matters at an early day, in Orleans. Several church organizations were formed which do not now exist, notably the " First Presbyterian Church," which was organized at La Fargeville in February, 1823, by the Rev. \Vm. Bliss. Worship was first had in the old school-house at what was then Risford's Corners. April 29, 1839, a society was formed, with John- son Mason, Abram I. Smith, Thomas E. Drake, Amasa Johnson, and Robert T. Jerome, as trustees. In 1840 a church edifice was erected, at a cost of about S3000. De- cember 30, 1848, the society adopted the accommodation plan, and became a united Congregational and Presbyterian body. In 18.54-55 a Union society was formed by Elders Gregg, Perrine, and Taft, and most of the members of the old Presbyterian church, with many of other denominations, joined that movement. This society ceased to exist about 18G1, and the church building remained unoccupied until it passed into the possession of the Protestant Blethodists, by whom it is now occupied. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH OF LA FAROEVILLE was formed at the house of Thomas Evans, Sept. 9, 1821, by Elder Sardis, assisted by Elders Timothy Brewster and Emory Osgood, who were casually present. The original members were Thomas Evans, Warren Wilson, Benjamin Ward, Thomas Barrett, Reuben Ilungerford, Benjamin Farmer, Phineas Osborn, Nathan Elmer, Daniel C. Hamley, Lucy Wilson, Ruth Ilungerford, Mercy Evans, Sophia Elmer, Patty Burtwell, Lucy Elmer, Deborah Burtwull, Betsy Childs, and Susannah Rhodes. The first deacons were B. B. Sheldon, Noyes, and Thomas Evans. The first regular jiastor was Elder Geary. The following, copied from the records, laj's down the rules and regulations of the church : *' New rulca wo do not mean to make, Tlio Bilile rules we mean to tnkc, Anil 80 hy these our * Scriptural' creed In Bible truths wo arc agreed." The pastors following Elder Geary have been Elder Stett.sou, a young man, the first minister ordained by the church, who preached acceptably, and had good success in a revival. lie afterwards returned to college, and, during a fit of temporary insanity, committed suicide. Elder Knapp, who subseiiuently developed into a great revivalist, was the next pastor over this church. Then Elders Brown, Ford, Warner, Clark, Reed, Sawyer, Dye, Ward, Weed, Wilder, Byrne, Bates, Blount, and the jiresent incumbent, D. S. Mulhern. The " First Bapti.st Society" was formed June 11, 183G, with Francis Eppes, Abijah Fisher, Charles Seston, Jo.scph Marshall, and Orlando W. Cushman, trustees. A church edifice was erected at La Fargeville, in 1837, during the pastorate of Elder Ford. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Elder Lamed, of Ilaniiltijn. It is of wood, and cost 83200. Its present value is §5000. That of the parsonage, $1000. The present membersiiip is 51 j dea- cons, Volney Barden and Malvin Tanner ; trustees, Levi Soucks, Robert Smith, and Lewis Vincent. The Sabbath- school has a membership of 80 scholars and 12 teachers. The superintendent is D. J. Dewey. Both church and Sabbath-school are in a prosperous condition. THE FRANKEAN EVANGELICAL LUTHERANS. In the year 1838, the .synod of the Frankean Evangeli- cal Lutheran church sent the Rev. Henry L. Dox as their missionary, to select any portion of Jefierson County as his field of labor as he might think most likely to yield the peaceful fruits of righteousness in return for his labors. Acting under this commission, he located at Perch River and Stone Mills. He was but a youth, and ruddy, but God wrought most astonishing changes through his ministry. Churches were soon organized at Perch River and Stone Mills. On May 15, 1840, a church was formed at Orleans Four Corners, and at about the .same time one at Stone Mills and Perch River. The two last named were blended into one, by mutual agreement. May 23, 1840, and 60 members were enrolled as constituting the church at Stone Mills. On Nov. 13, 1852, a church was organized at Perch River, consisting of 32 members, leaving 66 re- maining at Stone Mills. Mr. Dox also preached with great success at Shantyville (now Orleans Four Corners), and organized a church, as above stated, of 33 members. The list of pastors over these churches comprises the following names : Revs. Henry L. Dox, Geo. W. Hemperly, Geo. W. Porter, Geo. W. Hemperly (from 1844 to 1851, second time), Fayette Shepard, M. W. Empie, M. Graves, William H. Shellard, 0. D. S. Marcley, Nellis Klock. A church edifice of stone was erected at Stone Mills, on the union plan, and one at Perch River about the same time. And a church was also built at Orleans Four Corners, by the Lutherans exclusively, at a cost of 81 250. The present church officers of the Orleans Four Corners' church are Reuben Zimmerman, Grandison C. Zimmerman, and Geo. W. Vancoughant, deacons ; Benjamin D. Edmonds, Geo. House, and Alexander Ford, trustees. The present mem- bership is 87 ; teachers and scholars in the Sunday-school, 30 ; superintendent, Reuben Zimmerman. The deacons of the Stone Mills church are Leonard Dean and Henry Lin- genfelter. Membership, 20 ; Sunday-school scholars, 25 ; superintendent, Sylvester Green. THE M. E. CHURCH OF LA FAROEVILLE. All that can be learned of the history of the Methodist Episcopal church of La Fargeville is contained in the sub- joined, which we obtain from the pastor. Rev. Daniel Marvin, Jr. : " The M. E. church remodeled its house of worship in 1872-7.% through the patient and laborious work of Kev. W. P. Hall, its pas- tor. Tlic societies at Omar and ' the Block' united with that at La Fargeville and formed a circuit. Since 1852 the pastors have been Uevs. G. W. Elwood, J. P. Jennings, H. M. Church, J. De Larnic, William Empey, W. Merrifield, W. Y. Smedley, F. Dewitt, E. E. Hall, 0. Witters, W. P. Hall, Josiah Fletcher, and Daniel Mar- vin, Jr., present incumbent. The church edifice, as remodeled, was rededicatcd in 1S73, Uev. D. D. Oore, D.D., of .Syracuse, preaching the sermon on the occasion." The present uiembenship of the circuit is 92 ; proba- tioners, 12; scholars in Suuday-schooi, La Fargeville, 60 ; :*!*->«£S?'i<'- f^f^SSANFOfO PET 1^1 E. i^ES.ANO UaIHY lARM OF SANFORD SANFOffD PETI^IE. OffUANS. jEFrCRSON CouNTY^ iV. Y . HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 459 teachers, 6 ; pastor, superintendent ; scholars in balance of fircuit, 20 ; teachers, 4 ; value of church property in cir- cuit, 83800 ; condition of societies reported flourishing. THE FIRST METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH of Orleans was organized at La Fargeville in May, 1869. The names of the constituent members were Daniel Eddy, Mary Eddy, Gotleib Bents, II. Singer Nash, Helena Nash, Valvert Fox, Roby Fox, John Hunter, Malvina Fox, Nettie Fox, Daniel Miller, Jacob Getman, Jacob Snell, Jason Eddy, Maggie Eddy, Sophia E. Graham, Eleanor Graham, Ade- laide Nash, Kate Nash, Ebenezcr Gardner, Ella Sloat, and Frank Shaw. The society occupied the Union church, and their first pastor was Rev. Philip Swift ; tlien Lansing Snell, who was followed by George D. Ellis, T. B. Dodd, and then the present incumbent, Rev. Charles Kidrig. In 1872 the society purchased the Union church building, which is a good, substantial frame structure, 48 by 34 feet, with a bull, and worth about S2500. It will comfortably scat about 250 persons. A neat parsonage has been since erected, which was first occupied in 1875. It is valued at $1500, including the lot. The present membership of the church is about 40, and Mr. Daniel Eddy, one of its promi- nent members (to whom we are indebted for the above facts), reports the society in a generally flourishing condi- tion. "THE THOUSAND ISLANDS PARK." This name has been given to a tract of land at the upper end of Wellesley (or Wells) i.sland, in the St. Lawrence river, between the villages of Clayton and Alexandria Bay, and embracing about a thousand acres. Several hundred acres are regularly laid out in the form of a village, which has a post office and several public buildings and residences, though but few of them are occupied except in the sum- mer, when also hundreds of tents or temporary residences are erected for a summer watering-place. It is divided into several hundred lots, which are permanently leased, or sold to owners, subject to certain regulations specified in the leases, which are designed to secure co-operation and good order, so as to aflPord to the residents and visitors the advantages of spending the warm season in this salubrious and delight- ful climate. It is the custom also to hold in this place dur- ing every summer a series of meetings of a religious, scien- tific, and literary character, so as to blend instruction and recreation with the business that would naturally grow out of the assembling of a large population. Several institu- tions of a similar character exist in various parts of the country, the oldest of which is on Martha's Vineyard, un island on the coast of Massachusetts. The Thousand Islands Park is under the charge of an incorporated body, called '• The Thousand Islands Camp- meeting Association," who have made it a study to com- bine all the possible advantages of such an enterprise, and to avoid such mistakes as experience had exposed in some previous efforts of the kind. In 1874, Rev. J. F. Dayan, of Watertown, devoted much time and attention to the advancing of this enterprise, and in response to his urgent rcijuest a company of gentlemen formed themselves into an organization, and obtained incorporation as above men- tioned. The first board of trustees, elected in January, 1875, consisted of the following persons: Rev. E. O. Haven, LL.D., of Syracuse, president; Hon. Willard Ives, of Watertown, vice-president ; Rev. J. P. Dayan, of Water- town, secreUiry ; J. F. Moflett, of Watertown, treasurer; E. Remington, of Ilion, Rev. D. D. Love, D.D., of Syra- cuse, Rev. E. C. Curtis, of Syracuse, Rev. M. D. Kinney, of Watertown, Hon. A. D. Shaw, of Toronto, Canada, and Hon. James Johnson, of Clayton. The board in 1877 con- sisted of the same persons, except that Rev. Fred. Wid- mer was elected in place of James Johnson, and that Rev. D. D. Love had decea-sed. After exploring the Thousand Islands region the spot which was unanimously preferred to all others was the mag- nificent plateau now called " The Thousand Islands Park." Elevated, well covered with trees, dry, and receiving directly from a wide sweep over the waters the prevailing west winds, it is cool and comfortable in the wannest weather, and from the greater part of the whole thousand acres a clear view of the river may be seen. In the rear of the park the land rises to an eminence of 150 feet above the water, in a beau- tiful hill which has received the appropriate name of Sun- rise Mountain. It is proposed to surmount this with a tower, from which altogether the best panoramic view of the Thousand Isles will be visible. The avenues and streets are broad ; none of the lots are less than 40 by 80 feet in dimensions. Deep water comes to the shore, so that the largest steamers can land at its wharf. One of the finest docks, with a convenient store-house, has been built, with a long line of boat-hou.ses, surmounted with a promenade roof, all making a picturesque appearance, and happily blending the beautiful with the useful. A large dining- hall, which is really a hotel, a smaller hall of the kind, a trustees' office, a general store, book -store, with various other buildings belonging to the association, give an air of solidity to the place, while scattered promiscuously over the broad territory are various cottages — some small and primitive, others large and ornamented — which, with the tabernacle, where the public meetings are held, presents in the summer season a picture not likely to be soon forgotten by any who see it. Many thousands of people visit the place every summer, and hundreds of families are there all the time from July to September. Much wisdom is recjuired to manage such an institution so as to secure the best results. It is of prime importance that the laws of health should be obeyed. This subject has received careful attention here. The grounds are natu- rally well drained. The water, whether from the St. Law- rence or from wells, is pure. Every precaution is taken to secure cleanliness and salubrity. The air is invigorating, and experience has demonstrated that it is one of the most healthful watering-places in the world. There are also many advantages in such a place over a residence in a city or a compact town, on the one hand, and over the complete solitude of being alone on a small island or in the forest, on the other hand. The post-office, the telegraph, police regulations, the pleasures of society, can be commanded ; while the dwellers in the cottages or tents have all the freedom from restraint, and the healthful in- 460 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. fluences, that could be commanded in the forest. Steam- boats are landing and leaving at the wharf at all hours of the day. Indeed, the great majority of all the people who go up or down the far-fiimed St. Lawrence river in the summer call at lca.st once at the Thousand Islands Park. As a specimen of the meetings held in a single season, we may refer to those of the summer of 1877. From July 17 to the close of the month, a regular camp-meeting was held, under the direction of Chancellor Haven, presi- dent of the association. Several eminent preachers from various parts of Canada and the Uuited States took part in this meeting. This was followed by a series of meetings on temperance from August 1 to 7, over which Prof George E. Foster, of the University of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, presided. The most celebrated promoters of tem- perance were there. From August 10 to 17, a series of meetings in the interest of science and art were held, ad- dressed by professors from some of the American and Canadian universities. A regular " Thousand Island Park Scientific and jEsthetic Associatiou" was organized, and similar meetings may be expected every summer. This was followed by a Sunday-school Parliament of ten days, under the supervision of Rev. W. F. Crofts, addressed by many of the best-known workers of the Sunday-school cause. Indeed, the proceedings of the Sundaj'-school Parliament held here in 1876, having been published in a volume en- titled " The Bible and the Sunday-school," by Rev. W. F. Crofts, the volume has passed through several editions, and been widely circulated in Canada and the United States. The influence of this park in bringing together leading men of influence from the United States and Canada is worthy of notice. It is probably doing more to promote the mutual acquaintance of the two peoples than any other one institution. The St. Lawrence is, indeed, not " a nar- now firth," nor do the "lands" on the opposite side "abhor each other;" still, it is noticeable that the streams of travel, and largely of social intermingling, follow the course of the sun, and there is proportionately but little movement north- ward and southward. The intercourse of the Canadians and New Yorkers and other Americans on opposite sides of this broad river aii' M AOAM J. 5NE1.L HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 461 HON. R. B. B1DI>LEC0M. MRS. MARTHA A. BIUDI.ECOM. HON. RUSSELL B. 131DDLEC0M, son of Cliailcs ami Rlioda Biddlccoui, was born in Deer- field, Oneida Co., N. Y., IMarch LS, 1822. At the age of tliirtceu he emigrated to Orleans, Jefferson County, where he lias since resided, except during the years 1S5'J-G1. He received a common scliool education, and for thirteen years taught school, commencing at the age of seventeen, during which time he acquired a knowledge of the higher branches (except the languages), without a master ; and sub.sc(|Uently taught in the high schools and academies. He has been one of the most successful educators of the county. In 1S42, as a recognition of his ((ualifications as an educator, he was chosen town superintendent of common schools of Orleans, which position he filled faithfully and well for eight years. September IS, 1845, he married ^lartlia Ann Richard- son. From 1851 to 1858 inclusive, he held the ofiice of justice of the peace, and few ca.ses tliat came before him were appealed, and those that were invariably resulted in an affirmation of his judgment. During the years 185'J-t)l, he held the office of clerk of Jefferson County, and in that position gave eminent and general satisfaction to the people. He resided in W'atortown during his teim of office, so the better to at- tend to the duties thereof In 1848 he became one of the founders of the Orleans Academy, and laboicd for ils suc- cess until its propertv finallv passed into private hands in 1855. He was colonel during the organization and raising of the regiment or battalion of about 2300 men, during ttie months of August and September. 1SG2; and captain in the Tenth New York Artillery from the date of its organization, Sep- tember 2, 18G2, till the 31st day of July, 1863, when he was discharged on account of disability. In 1805, Mr. Biddlecom represented the Third Assembly District of Jefferson County in the State Legislature, and the Second Assembly District in the same body in 1866, acting as Chairman of the Committee on Claims the latter year. Was elected supervisor of the town of Orleans in 1866, and re-elected to the same office the three succeeding years, during the last of which he .served as chairman of the Board. In 1871 Mr. Biddlecom became interested as one of the stockholders of the Clayton and Theresa railroad, and was prominently engaged in its construction for three years. He has held the office of secretary, treasurer, and general superintendent of the Clayton and Theresa Railroad Company since its organization, in 1871. He was iiisliumenlal in l)onding the town of Orleans as a means for building the road, meeting with great opposition, especially in the courts. The question of the validity of the bonds is now pending in the Supreme Court of the United States. In politics Mr. Biddlecom was a Whig until 1854, when he became a Bipublican, and assisted in organizing the Republican party in Jefferson County, and has since strenu- ously labored for that ]iarty and its best interests. In 1 868, 186'J, and 1876 he acted as chairman of the Republican county committee, with general satisfaction. He was a firm supporter of the administration during the War of the Re- bellion, and assisted with his means. labor, and influence, to fill any quota called for by the President. Mr. Biddlecom is now engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at La Fargeville. He is a gentleman of sterling in- tegrity, and while he has many who differ with him politically, and who entertain a bitter animosity against iiim on account of his connection with the construction of the Clayton and Theresa railroad, yet we never heard a breath against his character for honesty. He thought, and, doubtless, correctly, too, that the construction of that road would be a public benefit, and believing this, worked for the success of the enterprise; and though there be some who view the matter from a different standpoint, — actuated, as he was, by a desire to promote the best in- terests of the town, — his conduct was, in the estimation of the writer, commendable. 462 HISTORY OP JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. WILLIAM WHALEY. Prominent among the self-made men of Orleans is the subject of this sketch, who is the son of John and Sophia Whaley, of Herkimer Co., N. Y., where he was born on the 21st of May, 1819. His father being a man of limited means, he was bound out when he was five years old to one Hiram Skiff, with whom it was purposed he should remain until he attained his majority. On account of the ill usage he received at the bands of the man Skiff, his mother objected to the completion of his servitude. When eleven years of age he went to live with John Tallman, who immediately removed to Jefferson County, and settled in the town of Orleans. His educational advantages were quite limited. At the age of eighteen he left Mr. Tallman, with no early capital but his health, industry, and a desire to succeed. He at once engaged to work for Caleb Willis, and remained in his employ for seven years, and for other parties for the same length of time. He purcha.sed his first land in 1845, being one hundred acres, nearly all in its natural state. This is now known as the old homestead farm, of which an illustra- tion is given elsewhere in this work, in connection with his present residence, the old farm being now occupied by a tenant. Mr. Whaley has added to his first purchase until he now owns 774 acres, being the largest landholder in the town. On the 23d of March, 1852, he united in marriage with Lovina Folts, of Orleans. She was the daughter of Peter P. and Betsey Folts, and was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., April 2, 1821. Her father moved to Jefierson County in 1834, and settled in the town of Orleans. At the age of twenty-nine she married Mr. Whaley, and has had two children, Arminda A., now living at home, and Armina A., wife of Jerome Snell, now residing in the town of Theresa. Mr. Whaley is now in his fifty-ninth year, as vigorous and active as ever, possessing a robust constitution, which, coupled with a clear conscience, is one of the best gifts of Providence. He is a man very generally respected by his fellows. A good neighbor, firm friend, and capital business man, he is well known throughout the county, and enjoys the confidence of the community as a man whose word is as good as his bond. By industry, prudence, and economy, he has accumulated a considerable fortune, owning as he does much valuable personal property, besides his extensive real estate. Jlr. Whaley is in every respect a model citizen. SIMON FOLTS. This gentleman, one of the most extensive and best prac- tical farmers of Jefierson County, was born in Herkimer Co., N. Y., in the year 1814. He emigrated to Jeflferson County in 1834, and settled in Orleans; worked for his father for almost ten years, until he attained his majority. In 1844 he married Jane, daughter of John C. Zimmerman, of the town of Pamelia, formerly from Herkimer county. Commenced business for him.self in 1845, receiving 60 acres of land from his father, Peter P. Folts. The first purchase he made himself was 58 acres, from La Farge. By subsequent purchases he has accumulated about 600 acres, all in one body. He is a man very generally respected by his fellow-townsmen, as an honest and upright business man, an accommodating neighbor, and a good citizen. (See illustration, etc.) NATHAN HOLLOWAY was born in the town of Hounsfield, Jefferson Co., N. Y., Dec. 20, 1817. His father, Samuel Holloway, was one of the pioneers of this county. He remained under the pa- ternal roof until he was twenty-one years of age. On Nov. 24, 1839, he married Cynthia Lee, who died March 21, 1847. This union was blessed with two children, of whom one, a daughter, Melissa S., survives. Jan. 13, 1848, he married Hannah Gifford, by whom he had a son, Harmon M., who is married and resides on a fiirm adjoining the old homestead, which his father deeded him. The daughter above mentioned is also married, and resides on a farm on one side of the home-place, which her father gave her. Mr. Holloway lost his second wife Sept. 30, 1875, and, on the 6th of the same month, in 1876, married Mrs. Cynthia (Spauldiiig) Steenburgh. He commenced life by working out by the month, and by industry and judicious management succeeded in getting a fine farm for himself and each of his children, and now enjoys all the comforts of an independent farmer. He has always evinced an interest in public affairs, and was instru- mental in building the Clayton and Philadelphia railroad, of which he is a director, and also a member of the finance committee of that corporation. He has held several town offices, and is one of the most enterprising citizens of Jefferson County, and one of the substantial men of the town of Orleans. An illustration of his farm, and portraits of himself and his two last wives, can be seen in the de- partment of illustrations of Orleans elsewhere in this work. MRS.A.fi i^UTtUrs A A HUGHES Fesidcnczs. Dairy Farm ¥ A.k.HuGHts. ORLEANS,jmEnsoN co.ny /^£S. «.DA//?V Ffl^r^M or GEC ^ CK€FfT Miss Lydia Goodrich. M^ii P A M E L I A, The first attempt at settlement in the territory now constituting this town was made in 1799, the same year that Jacob Brown and his party located in Brownville. In that year two men, iiamod Boshart and Kitts, established themselves with their families about three miles northeast from Watertown, near where Le Bay street now runs, erected log houses, and began clearings. Their families, however, were dissatisfied, and on the approach of winter they all removed to Lewis county ; that is, they went to the territory now called Lewis county, for at that time both Lewis and Jefferson were a part of Oneida county. The present Pamelia, together with all the rest of Jefferson County north of Black river, was then embraced in the town of Leyden. In 1799 the south part of the territory afterwards called Pamelia was owned by Pierre Chassanis, a French gentle- man, it being a portion of what has been known as " Cas- torland," " the Chassanis Tract," or " The French Com- pany's Land." The central and northern portions were a part of " Great Tract No. Four" of Macomb's purchase, except the territory east and northeast of Perch lake, which was embraced iu Penet Square. Tract No. Four was then actually owned by the Antwerp Company, an association of Holland gentlemen residing in the city of Antwerp, though being foreigners the title was held by others for them. The origin and transfers of titles previous to the beginning of settlement have been sufiScicntly set forth in the general history of the county. In the year 1800 the southwest half of Tract No. Four (which included the Pamelia portion) was convej'ed in trust for the Antwerp Company to the celebrated James Donatien Le Hay de Chaumont. He was made the agent of the company for the sale of the territory thus conveyed, and ten years later he purchased all the unsold land in Tract No. Four. Le Ray soon acquired an interest in the Chassanis tract also, and made all the sales after 1801, either as principal or agent. Thus it will be seen that all land-titles in Pamelia (except in the small tract embraced in Penet Square) may be traced back to Le Hay de Chau- mont, acting either for himself or others. On the first day of April, 1802, the territory which is our present subject was transferred from Leyden to the new town of Brownville, of which it formed a part for seven- teen years. On the 28th of March, 1805, it became a part of the county of Jefierson, which was formed from Oneida on that day. The territory of Pamelia was a comparative!}' level tract, slightly rolling, entirely underlaid with limestone, which frequently came to the top of the ground. It was heavily timbered, the principal growths being elm and maple. with considerable beech, basswood, and oak, and occasional patches of black a.sh on the wet ground. Besides the lime- stone, which fref|uently cropped out in low ledges, there were a few large bowlders of granite scattered though the forest, which had apparently drifted from other regions. At the northern extremity of the yet unformed town lay Perch lake, a beautiful little body of water, nearly three miles long and three-fourths of a mile in width at the widest place, renowned for the fish whose name it bears. Along the southeastern and southwestern corners ran the turbulent Black river. This description, being confined to the territory which now constitutes Pamelia, excludes con- sideration of the tract bordering on Black river, which has lately been annexed to Watertown, and the history and description of which are given in the chapters devoted to that city. The territory of Pamelia was also drained by several small streams, of which Perch river (the outlet of Perch lake), Philomel creek, and Cowen's creek were the principal, all three running in a southwesterly direction, and all, previous to the clearing off of the forest, containing a considerable quantity of water. EARLY SETTLERS. Afler the feeble attempt of Boshart and Kitts we cannot learn exactly who were the first settlers within the present limits of Pamelia. All who located there during the first ten years of this century have died or moved away, in- cluding those who were children at that time. One of the very earliest was Mr. Makepeace, grandfather of Elliott Makepeace, Esq., who settled on the farm now occupied by Daniel Augsbury, in the north part of the present town. He built the first frame house within the present limits of Pamelia. As early as 1804 a few settlers located on the north shore of Black river, in what is now Watertown. In 1805, Jlr. Haven settled a mile from the river, just inside the present city limits, and it is fair to presume that as early as that year sonic emigrants located in the present Pamelia. Pos- sibly there were a few at a still earlier date. Previous to 1812, some twenty or thirty families came into town. Among these were John Gould and J. M. Parish, who both settled in the northwest part of the present town, on farms still owned by their sons. Elijah Ainsworth, Philip Ains- worth. Brintnall, Caleb J. Bates, Isaac and Jacob Mea- cham, William Morse, and Jacob Lowell all settled in the northwest part of the town before 1812. Benjamin Cole, Obadiah Rhodes, and Stephen Farr settled during the same period, near Pamelia Four Corners, while Aaron Dresser, Curtis Goulding, Henry Becker, and Alvin Twing were the founders of that village itself 463 464 HISTORY OF JP:FFERS0X COUNTY, NEW YORK. John Foils located in the southwest part of the town before 1812, and probably Simeon Woodruff, Peter Acker, and David and Belshazzar Tillipaugh. Two families, named Bacon and Cooper, were among the earliest settlers in the southeast part of the present town. Smith Seovilie located himself previous to 1811, near the hotel now kept by his son, John Seovilie. Mr. John Seovilie was born in 1811, and is the oldest natiVe of the town, now residing in it, whom we have been able to discover.* In 1811, David Augsbury with his family settled in the northwest part of the town. Ho was followed, in 1812, by his father, John Augsbury, with his three youngest sons, Benjamin, Nicholas, and Daniel. Two other sons, John and Abraham, already men of family, did not come until after the war. Of ail these the youngest son. Daniel, then eleven years old, is now the only survivor. He is the only person we have been able to find who was a resident of Pamelia and old enough to recollect events previous to the War of 1812. It is to him we are principally indebted for the names of settlers earlier than himself His father pur- chased the farm of Mr. Makepeace, who, however, removed but a short disUince. The house was still the only frame one in town, and is yet standing on the same farm. Mr. Augsbury .says it appeared in 1812 to be seven or eight years old, by which we infer that Mr. Makepeace settled there as early as 1804 or 1805. The road from Browiiville running past Mr. Augsbury's, and thence northeastward on the east side of Perch lake, was then cut out and used on the same ground it now occu- pies. Another road, running northeast from Browuville, ran nearly, though not exactly, on the line of the present " Military road." Deer were very abundant, fre({uently showing themselves close to the houses of the settlers, but wolves do not appear to have been as troublesome as in many other new regions. Their warning voices were some- times heard, however, up till the War of 1812, but after that time the}' almost etnirely disappeared. Large num- bers of Indians fre(|uently visited Perch lake for the pur- pose of fishing, but they always behaved themselves peace- ably towards the settlcis. Otters were numerous about the lake. Mr. Augsbury mentions going thither shortly after he came into town, and seeing seven otter tugethor, swimming for life towards the mouth of a creek, in the bank of which they were seeking shelter. His dog plunged in and caught hold of one, but the animal, in his own element, was too strong for his canine assailant, and ipiickly broke loose and gained a place of s;ifety. In Pamelia, as elsewhere throughout the country, pota.sh was the principal article ])rodueed by the settlers which brought cash. The peo])le of Pamelia were favorably situ- ated for sending it to Canada, and many were the loads which, during the non-intercourse days previous to the War of 1812, fnuiid their way to the St. Lawrence by the secret road, cut through the forests of Browuville and Cape Vincent, and known only to the initiated. * Thomaa Brown, then twoDt;-one ;cars uld, moved from the ter- ritory of Brownville into that of Panieliu in 1812. lie survived until about a yciir ago. His was the first frame house in tliat part of tlie Iruct now forming Pamelia. . During that war the few residents of Pamelia were kept in a state of continuous alarm by the hostile operations along the border, and every man capable of bearing arms Was again and again called out to repel invasion. No foe- man, however, found his way thus far eastwaid, and at the conclusion of the war old settlers and new immigrants recommenced the task of felling the great elm forests of Pamelia. Theron Converse had put up a log hou.se in the winter of 1814—15, on what is now called Le Ray street, just north of the present city line. In the spring of 1815 he moved thither with his family from Watertown. His son, Hiram Converse, then thirteen, is now one of tlie earliest settlers of Pamelia, though at present residing just within the city line. He states that at that time it was all a dense wilder- ness eastward almost to Carthage. Deer were still numer- ous, and were often shot at a deer-lick only two or three miles north from the county-seat. William McGinnis settled in the southwest part of the town in 1815. He was then thirty years of age, with a wife and four children, yet he is still surviving, a resident of the same locality, at the venerable age of ninety-one years, though not appearing to be much over seventy. He thinks there were thirty or forty families in the present town of Pamelia when he came. Among those who located there before 1819 were the following, most of whom came after the war, though a few may have been there before : Elijah Wright, William Waf- ful, John Wafi'ul, Russel Weaver, Benjamin Still, John Stewart, Captain Joseph Mayo, Nichols, John Stew- art, Joel Ninis, James Wright, Isaac C. Pcttit. Daniel Pet- tit, Osmau Banister, Nehemiah Van Nest, John N. Gunn, Gardner, Conrad Wafful, Benjamin Pease, William Sixbury, John Si.xbury, Isaac Sixbury, Elias Wager, Combs, Chailes Brown, Thom.as Goodrich, and Abram Spalsbury. Soon after the war Aaron Dresser opened a tavern at Pamelia Four Corners, being the first in town. In 1810, John N. Gunn began keeping a small store in the western part of the town, north of the centre, being also the first establishment of its kind within the present territory of Pamelia. It was kept open oidy five or sis years. School- houses were also erected in various parts of the town, — one at Pamelia Four Corners, one in the Aug.sbury neighbnr- hood, one in the Brown neighborhood, and one near Elias Wager's, somewhat oast and south of the centre of the town. THE FIRST S.\W-MtI,L was built just after the war, on Philomel creek, at the cross- ing of the Clayton road, by Abbey, father of the Abbey brothers, who were noted as printers in the early days. The mill has long since passed away, and the creek itself is sadly diminished in volume. The increase of population and the consequent clearing away of tlje forest speedily drove away the wild game, and thenceforth it was only occasionally that a deer strayed into Pamelia from the woods still farther north. Pigeons, how- ever, were fora few years numerousalmost beyond concei)tiou. They had a great roosting-place near Perch river, whence they used to go forth every morning and return at night. JONATHAN TOVinSEhD. iRUKlAN B JO't.'NSlHD Mrs.Ti^uman B.To\iinSLND. :!4r^A'.^!'!Ji# ' >JMiy.t!»^-mi^M!tpg^^ HISTORY OF JEFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. 4G5 spreading over the surroundiiig country in clouds so thick as to shut out the sky for ten minutes at a time. Mr. Daniel Augsbury rclatos that hi.s oldest brother killed forty with one raking shot as they sat in lino ujioii a fence. Immense numbers of them were killed fur tlioir feathere. Mr. Elijah Ainsworth had a small net in wliit-h by succes- sive hauls he frui(uciitly caught over twelve hundred in a single day. No stool-pigeon was necessary; there were j)laces where they were in the habit of alighting, and a net spread there was sure to capture them. Joel Nims settled in the Thomas Brown neighborhood in 1818, buying the " betternient.s,'" as improvements were then commonly called, of William WalTul. His son Allen, then five years old, now resides in North Watertown, and we are indebted to him for many facts relative to the town and ]ioople in the pioneer days. There was a considerable increase in population that year, and thenceforth the num- bers were too great to peru)it us to give the names of individual settlers unconnected with anything of a public nature. Log hou-ses were still almost universal, but in ISIS a large number of frame barns were built, giving the country quite a civilized appearance, and the people began to think they were far enough advanced to have a town by them- selves. Petitions were accordingly sent to the legislature, and on the 12th of April, 1819, an act was jiassed forming the town of I'amelia. This name was derived from that of the wife of Jacob Brown, of Brownville, then a major- general in the United States army, and the foremost man in all this ])art of the country. It is worthy of note that this lady, although she had reached middle age when her name was thus conferred uj)on the town of Pamelia, is still living, having attained the age of nearly a century. THE FIRST TOW.V-MEETING was held at " the school-house near Elias Wager's," in the spring of 1S20, when the following town officers were elected: Supervisor, John Stewart; clerk, Henry Gotham; assessors, Russel Weaver, Benjamin Still, and Simeon "Woodruff; overseers of the poor, Simeon Woodruff and Benjamin Still ; commissioners of highways, Alfred Comins, Simeon Woodruff, and Benjamin Still; collector, Horace Mather; commissioners of schools, Osman Banister, Nehe- niiah Van Nest, and Joseph Mayo ; in.speetors of schools, Amos Eames, William Usher, Russel Weaver, John N. Gunn, Baker Mas.sey, and Charles Brown ; constables, Jacob J. Greene, Benjamin I'cxse, and Horace Mather. The southern boundary of the new town was the centre of Black river ; the northern was the south line of Penet Square. The eastern boundary began on the river at the intersection of the east line of range Twenty-seven, west of the Chassanis Tract, running north along that line to the south bounds of that tract, and thence onward in jirolonga- tion of that line to the southeast corner of Penet S<|uare ; the whole distance being a trifle over eight miles. The western boundary of the town ran north from the river along the west line of range Thirty-one, and thence in a similar prolongation to Penet Square; the entire length being about six and two-ihirds miles. The width of the new town was about four and a fourth n)iles. It will be seen that its limits were the same then as now, except that a small tract was afterwards added on the north and a still smaller one taken off on the south. The same year of the formation of the town (1819) the " Miliutry road" was built through to Plattsburg by the United States government. The labor was performed by successive detachments of soldiers sent out from Sacket's Harbor. One of these detachments was commanded by a young lieutenant known to fame forty years later as Major- Geneial Ivhviii \ . Sumner. By this time people began to find themselves in a posi- tion to replace their old log houses by something better. A few frame ones were erected, and in 1821, Simeon Woodruff built a substantial stone house, the date being engraved on the stone over the door, where it is still plainly to be seen. This was nearly, if not quite, the first stone hou.se in town. About the same time, however, Mr. Thomas Goodrich built another, and a little later Abram M. ilargcr erected the stone hotel at Pamelia Four Corners. Still later, Captain Mayo built the stone hotel in tin; southwestern part of the town, now oceuiiicd by .^Ir. John Scovill. Stone was so abundant that a building of that material was almost as cheap as one of wood. Between stone and frame the log houses were rapidly superseded, and b}' ISiiO they had mostly disappeared, at least on the main roads. Another improvement of considerable note in its day was the " Pamelia Farmers' Scientific Library, " which was in- corporated April 1, 1822, having for its first trustees John Stewart, Rus.sel Weaver, Joel Nims, Simeon Woodruff, Ansel Mills, Thomas Goodrich, and William Cole. There were about sixty shares, each costing two dollars and a half. Each man could draw books to the amount of his invest- ment. Every three months all books were re((uired to be returned, and a new draw was made. If two or more per- sons desired the .same book they had to bid for the privi- lege of drawing it. The library was always kept at Simeon Woodruft's, and sometimes quite a spirited scene ensued when two or three farmer bo^-s in pursuit of knowledge were struggling for a drink at the same fountain. " How much for this book ?" would be the inquiry of Li- brarian Woodruff. " I bid five cents," would probably be the reply of some youthful son of Pamelia, for the financial condition of the people was not such iis to gratify any extravagance. " Eight cents," would be the response of a rival. " Ten cents." " A shilling." These were high notches, and unless the volume was in great request, or the spirit of rivalry was very strong, it was " knocked down" on reaching the latter bid. Some- times, however, fifteen cents was bid, and in a few extraor- dinary eases the enormous sum of twenty cents was reached. Good, solid mental food, too, was afforded by the little li- brary, — Volncy's Ruins, the works of Josephus, and Stewart's Intellectual Philosophy being a portion of its coutcnts. But ere long district school libraries began to be formed, some of the stockholders moved to more distant lo- calities, the interest fell off, and about 1830 the Pamelia Farmers' Scientific Library was, by mutual consent, divided amon^ its owners. 466 UISTORY OF Jf]FFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. By an act passed April 1, 1824, a small part of Pcnet Square, east of Perch lake, was taken from Orleans and annexed to Pamelia. It was from one to two miles wide east and west, and three miles north and soutli, makinij; the total length of Pamelia a little over eleven miles. The same act directed the name of the town to be changed to " Lean- der" after the first of the following March, but this clause was repealed before it went into effect. There is little to record in the quiet life of a farming community after the hardships and dangers of pioneer life are passed. A few mills and factories were erected on Black river, opposite Watertown, where a small village gradually grew up, but this having lately been united to that city, its hi.story is necessarily given in the chapters devoted to the city. Within the present town the forest receded still more before the farmer's axe. In even the backwoods the log houses were superseded by frame or stone ones. It was soon ascertained that the soil was admirably adapted to the production of grass, and stock-raising and dairying consequently became the principal business of the inhabitants. POST-OFFICES were established both at Pamelia (in the present city dis- trict) and Pamelia Four Corners, as early as 1830. In 1831 the postmaster at the latter place was S. Comstock. In 1837 it was Abram M. Harger. In 1840 the popula- tion of the town (including the })rosent city district) had risen to two thousand one hundred and four. The county poor-house was erected in this town, on the north bank of Black river, just below the present city line, in 1834. A full description of the various buildings erected there is given in the general history of the county. It was not until 1847 that thtre was any separate religious organization in the town, in which year a Methodist Jlpis- copal class was organized at Pamelia Four Corners. The next year a house of worship was erected at the Corners by that denomination, and another about two miles southwest, by the Univer.salists, Protestant Methodists, and " Christian Order." The Potsdam and Watertown railroad was finished in 1850, running for about two miles through the south- east corner of the present town of Pamelia. It after- wards became a part of the Rome, Watertown and Ogilens- burgh road. In April, 1852, the Cape Vincent branch of the latter road was completed, of which abimt a mile and a quarter is in the .southwest corner of Pamelia. In 1850 the population of the town, as then constituted, was 2204, and in 1860 it was 2554. In the war for the Union, Pamelia played her part as zealously as any of her stronger sisters, as will be seen b}' the many names of her gallant SODS to be found in the military record of the county. On the 8th of May, 1869, the city of Watertown was incorporated, including within its borders about 700 acres of the territory of Pamelia, over 120ft of its population, and all its principal business establishments. This re- duced the population of Pamelia so that in 1870 it was only 1292. In 1875, according to the State census, it was 1055. Considering the especial adaptability of the town to dairy- ing, it was a matter of course that, on the introduction of cheese-factories into the country, they should soon become numerous in Pamelia. But what distinguishes this from the large majority of chee.se-making localities is the extent to which it is devoted to the manufacture of " Limburger" cheese. The milk of two thousand cows is used for the production of this peculiar article of diet, and a few years since there were no less than eleven Limburger cheese-fac- tories in town. There are now two or three less. This cheese, made by merely drawing off the whey, letting the curd dry in moulds about the size of a brick, and curing it by repeatedly rubbing salt on the outside, finds ready mar- ket wherever Germans reside, and great quantities of it are shipped from Pamelia to Now York, Philadelphia, and other large cities. When the traveler in that town meets a wagon headed towards AVatertown, laden with wooden boxes from which comes a powerful odor (very fragrant to those who like it), then he may know that another load of Pamelia's favorite product is on its way to gladden the hearts of our Teutonic fellow-citizens. There is also an English cheese-factory at Pamelia Four Corners, using the milk of about four hundred cows. This lit- tle village, the only one in the town, contains one small store, two wagon-shops, two blacksmith-shops, two shoe-shops, one cooper-shop, one harness-shop, a post-office, and about twenty- five houses. It is eight miles from Watertown, about four from the northern extremity of Pamelia, and adjoins the line of Le Ray, two or three of the easternmost houses being in the latter town. Although the most of Pamelia is used as meadow- or pas- ture-land, yet small quantities of wheat, barley, oats, corn, and potatoes are raised every year, and there are numerous orchards of a])pletrees in the town. Other fruit is not found adapted to the soil and climate. Butter and cheese, however, are usually remunerative products, and good build- ings on almost every farm, many of them of stone, denote the existence of a prosperous community. Sl'PERVISORS AND TOWN OFFICERS. The following is a list of the supervisors of Pamelia from its organization to the present time, with the years of their service: John Stewart, 1820 to 1826, inclusive; llussel Weaver, 1827 and '28 ; Gustavus A. Foster, 1820 and '30 ; Bernard Bagley, 1831 to '35, inclusive; Chiliingsworth Colwell, 1836; Bernard Bagley, 1837 to '41, inclusive; William Wilson, 1S42 ; Henderson Hawk, 1843, '44, and '45; Josiali Bonney, Jr., 184tj and '47 ; Bernard Bagley, 1848 and '49 ; Abram M. Harger, 1850 ; Chas. D. Wright, 1851 and '52; Josiah Bonney, 1853; Isaac McGinnis, 1854 to '57, inclusive; Charles W. Burdick, 1858 and '59; James Jones, 1860; C. W. Burdick, 1861, '62, and '63; Elliott IMakepeacc. 1864; C. W. Burdick, 1865, '66, and '67 ; Dexter W. Haven, 1868 to '72, inclusive; Ja.son T. Millard, 1873; Ju.stus B. Leavitt, 1874, '75, and '76; George Henry Countryman, 1877. The present officers of the town arc as follows: Super- visor, George Henry Countryman ; Town Clerk, George M. Haven ; Justices of the Peace, Truman B. Townsend, William C. Gould, and Lorenzo Rogers ; Commissioner of — J L. PAFfFflSH — John PAf^f^isH.- ■ f/lf\S.J.LPAf^FflsH. Rlsiolncc or J.L.PARRISH ,PAMLUA.JcrrERSon Co.,NY. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 467 Highways, Reulien H. Fuller; Assessors, Geo. A. Fenner, Jerome HowlaiiJ, and Peter Nellis ; Collector, Daniel Fox; Auditors, Dexter W. Haven, William II. Miller, and Setli P. Cole ; Constables, Alonzo Hose, Jacob K. Folt.s, and Benjamiu Sixbury. THE FIRST METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OP PAMELI.\. As before stated, a Methodist cla.ss was organized at Pa- melia Four Corners on Feb. 28, 1847. It consisted of seven members, among whom were Curtis Goulding, Rachel Goulding, Asa Barnes, anil Retsey Barnes. The class was at first connected in a circuit with another at Evans' Mills, in the town of Le Ray, but in I8-t9 it was organized into a separate church with the title given above. In Feb., 1848, a society was organized for the purpose of erecting and maintaining a house of worship, the first trustees being Jas. Jones, Charles G. Harger, Orvis Goulding, Curtis Gould- ing, Asa Barnes, Daniel Gould, Joseph Countryman, Abram Augsbury, and Jacob Ilarwick. In 1848 a church edifice was erected at Pamelia Four Corners, at a cost of sixteen hundred dollars. The following have been the pastoi-s, with their terms of service, so far as given by the church record : O. C. Cole, 1848 ; Hiram AVoodruff, 184!) ; W. W. Hunt, 1850 ; H. O. Tilden, 1851-52; T. B. Brown, 1853; Samuel Papple, 1854 (died in December) ; S. Slater, 1855 ; William Tripp, ; G. C. Wood, ; Lewis Whitcomb, 1861 (died in December) ; Ross C. Houghton (the celebrated traveler in Asia), 1862; J. H. Burnett, 1863; G. W. Calkins, 1864 (after six months' service enlisted in the Union army) ; William Empoy, 1865 atid '66 ; S. M. Warn, 1867 ; J. Turney, 1868 ; G. W. Gib.son, 18(;9 and '70 ; Lester Brown, 1871, '72, and '73; D. D. Parker, 1874, '75, and '70; Charles G. Matteson, 1877. The present stewards of the church are Madison Gould- ing, Orriu Barnes, Brayton Brown, D. II. Nellis, A. Wal- rath, A. Bowman, A. Vandewalker, H. Gould, and A. F. Gould. The present trustees are David Bass, A. F. Gould, 0. Barnes, B. Brown, M. Goulding, G. W. Slack, and Elias Countryman. The little cla.ss of seven members in 1847 has increased, by a steady and healthy growth, to a church of sixty-six members, in full communion, and twenty probationers. There is also a flourishing Sabbath-school of about seventy- five )neuibers, of which Dr. William Burdick is superin- tendent. THE UNION CHIKCU SOCIETV. This society was organized November 16, 1847, with Reuben Lock, Jacob H. Zoller, and Peter M. Salisbury as trustees. Each of these gentlemen represented one of the three denominations which united for the purpose of erect- ing a house of worship, — the Protestant Methodists, the Universalists, and the Christian Order. A convenient church edifice was erected in 1848, on the Military road, two miles southwest of Pamelia Four Corners. At first all the denominations named held meetings in the new church. Rev. J. H. Stewart, a prominent Universalist minister of Watertown, preached there for several years. The increase of the Jlethodist churcli at Pamelia Four Corners, however, drew away the attendants at the Union meeting-house, the frequency of the services diminished, and when the Protestant Methodists built an edifice of their own near Perch lake the services at the Union house entirely stopped. It remained unoccupied for sev- eral years, but in 1874 a few members of the Christian Order procured the services of Rev. George Warren, who preached there once a fortnight for one year. Since then Rev. James Hayes has held services at similar intervals. The present trustees are Martin Armstrong, G. H. Country- man, and Peter Busier. THE PROTESTANT METHODI.ST CHURCH. For thirty-five or foity ycai-s there has been a small class of Protestant Methodists in this town. It was connected with Perch Lake circuit, the greater portion of whose members reside in Le Ray. Amimg the early preachers were N. R. SwitY, Simon B. Loomis, Michael Priudle, and Lorenzo Wheeler. In 1867 a neat and pleasant church edifice was erected about two miles and a half north of Pamelia Four Corners. Rev. Philip Swift was the pastor of the Perch Lake circuit at that time, and continued so until 1870. The pastors since then have been George Ellis, in 1871 ; N. R. Cook, in 1872; Michael Prindle, in 1873; , in 1874; George Ellis, in 1875, and J. T. Willard in 1876 and 1877. The class is still small, and Peter Busier is the only steward in Pamelia. The present trustees are Peter Nellis, Peter Busier, and Hiram Walts. BIOGRAPHICAL SXETCHES. EBENEZER WILLIAMS. The Williams family is of Welsh descent, the great- grandfather, Jonathan W. Williams, having emigrated from Wales many years ago. The subject of this sketch is the youngest son of Ebenezer Williams, Peter 0. being the elder. He was born at Manlius, Onondaga Co., N. Y., May 5, 1823. He received a good common-school educa- tion. In 1831 his father settled on the farm upon which he now resides, in the town of Pamelia. An illustration of the old homestead can be seen elsewhere in this work. He married Miss Harriet M., daughter of Fabius and Catha- rine Lawton. This union was blessed with four children, namely, Ebenezer F., who died in infancy; Ilattie C, born May 16, 1857 ; Stedman, born Dec. 11, 1862 ; and George 0., Ai>ril 5, 1S67. Mr. Williams is a Republican. He is a good, practical farmer ; a man of good, sound judgment, great industry, and indomitable energy. By his upright and honorable character he ha.s made many friends, and is very generally respected wherever known. 468 HISTORY 01- JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. HENRY COUNTRYMAN. MUS. HENRY COUNTRYJI.\N. HENRY AND ELIZABETH COUNTRYMAN. Henry Countryman was born in the town of Danube, Ilerkiincr Co., N. Y., March 7, 1797. He wa.s the third child and first son in the family of George and Rahena Countryman, which con.sisted of four boys and seven girls. The Countryman family have always been firm believers in the adage, " The rolling stone gathers no moss," and two generations lia7, when he removed to Pamclia and settled on the farm now occu- ]iied by his son, Thomas H. Anthony. He bad no oppor- tunity for seeuiing an edueation, and was pre-einiMenlly a self-taught man, learning to rcMul, write, and eiplier after he was married. In early life he learned the stone-mason's trade, at which he worked considi^rably ibr .some years. Among the existing evidences of his handiwork we might mention the glass-works at Redwood, the large stone hotel at Hrownville, the Catholic church at Gravel Point, and other ]iublic and private buildings. Jlr. Anthony was united in marriage with Hannah Eddy, a native of Rutland, Vt., and daughter of Enoch Eddy, one of the first pioneers of the town of Rutland, this county. Tills union was bles.scd with six children, namely, Jerusha, Thomas H., Amy PI, Willard E., Phebe, and Helen !M. ; of these, two, Willard and Phebe, are deceased. i^Irs. Anthony was a kind-hearted, humane, and benevolent lady, always ready to assist the afflicted. Her services were in fre(nient re(|uisition as a nurse, in wliieh eajiaeity she was eminently successful. She was a true and loving wife and an affectionate mother. She died August?, 1873, beloved and respected by a large circle of friends and rela- tives. Mr. Anthony's entire life was characterized b}' remark- able industry. Brotight up amid scenes that recjuired hard work and indomitable energy, he early inculcated the (|uali- ties most needed in a new country. He retained his facul- ties to the last ; and a few years prior to his death, which occurred Feb. 4, 1873, at the age of ninety-one, he, in company with his son, Thomas II., erected the largest barn in the county, and one of the largest in the State. Its di- mensions are 2.50 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 51 feet deep, and it has a capacity for 750 tons of hay. Both Mr. and Mrs. Anthony were consistent members of the society of Friends. In business, Mr. Anthony was upright and hon- est, and it is said of him that in the whole course of his long business career he neither sued another, nor was him- self sued. Being faithful to every trust, loving and affable in his domestic relations, true and honest in all his dealings, he enjoyed the esteem of all who knew him, and the respect of all who ever heard his name. Portraits of this worthy coujile ami of their son, Thomas H., can be seen in this work, also an illustration of the old homestead, all caused to be inserted by their son Thomas H. as a token of alTectionate regard. ^!S^'' :; ■•j:i:;r?^?-<'': I^RS EWILLIAMS £ WILLIAMS F>m HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 471 ^-X^^^/, /' The subject of this sketch was the olJest son of tlie hite Benjamin Wondiuff, a pioneer of Watertown, having pur- chased the farm upon which he lived and died in 17'J9. Tlic father, with two brothers, Simon and Frederick, accompanied by their parents, moved into this town iu the spring of 1800, and all located upon adjoining lands pur- chased the previous fall. Other settlers soon surrounded them, and the neigiiborhood soon became identitiod by the appropriate appellation of "The Woodruff Settlement." Here, in 1805, Col. Woodruff was born and received a good common-school education, which he made practically useful to himself and others by teaching. Educated a farmer, he spent several years teaching in the winter and farming during the summer. In both avocations he was eminently succes.sful. He, however, abandoned the pro- fession, and engaged in agricultural pureuits for a perma- nent business. In harmony with this decision, he purchased the farm in Pamelia upon which he lived and prospered the remainder of his life. In 1824 he enlisted in the "Water- town Rifle Company," then commanded by Capt. Albert S. 3Ias.sey, a company in which his father served his time, rendering essential service at the battle of Sackets Harbor, in 1813, while commanded by the late Capt. Wni. Samp- son. The military acumen of Col. Woodruff soon nuide him a favorite with his company, and he was speedily pro- moted until he became c.iptain, irom which position he was elevated to the command of the regiment. He was a thorough tactician and strict disciplinarian, and had the love and esteem of his officers and fellow-soldiers. As a farmer ho took an active part in promoting progress in agriculture ; was an active member of the county agricul- tural society. As a man he was positive — acted upon re- flection — but Was decisive in his convictions when reached. Destitute of ostentation and vanity, he was of that class that must be known to be appreciated. He died Pec. 10, 1872. In 1832 he was united in marriage to Mi.ss Julii Hale, of Rutland, who still survives him. One child was born to them — Frances J., wife of Reuben II. Fuller, Esq., of Famelia. Mrs. Fuller was born, Aug. 30, 1843, upon the old farm, where she now resides, with two sprightly boys to gladden the hearts of their parents, viz., Orlin W., born Oct., 18G5 ; Willie L., Sept., 18G8. With this slight tribute to the memory of this esteemed pioneer, we close this brief sketch. JOHN L. PARRISH. The Parrish family are of English extraction, the origi- nal ancestor having come from Kngland previous to the War of the Revolution. In 17&3 John Parrish, our sub- ject's grandfather, who was a Revolutionary .soldier, settled in Washington county. John Parrish, father of John L., was born in Columbia county, in June, 1777; he lived with his father, who was a farmer, until he was twenty- three years of age, at which time he married Miss Ruth Farr, who was a native of Massachu.setts, where she was born in July, 1783. In the spring of 1803 Mr. Parrish left his home in Fort Ann, Washington county, for Jeffer- son County, to locate upon his purchase previously made of 60 acres, of big lot No. 4, in the town of Pamelia. He started with his family, which consisted of his wife and two children, his household goods and two yoke of oxen con- stituting his worldly effects. Fifteen days were occupied in making the journey. His location was a very fortunate one, as there is to-day no better farm in the town. Here his family were born excepting the two eldest, and here he lived and died. He was a successful farmer and a great hunter. He was a very active and zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church, and his house was the rendezvous for all the itinerant Methodist ministers of the circuit. He was also a consistent member of the Masonic fraternity in the early days of that order. He was a thorough, energetic business man, and his name w;is a synonytu for honor and integrity wherever known. Genial, whole-.souled, no one loved a good joke better than he, and no one possessed to a greater extent the faculty of making every one about him happy. In December, 1842, his wife died, in her fifty-ninth year. She was an estimable woman, and ail that is ex- pressed in the terms amiable and intelligent. She wai the mother of ten children, two of whom died in infancy. John L. Parrish was born May 1, 1819. His boyhood days were spent upon his father's farm. In 1841 he mar- ried Mi.ss Eliza Ann, daughter of Ruel and Margaret R;in- dail, who were among the early settlers of the town of Rut- land, where she was born February 19, 1819. Mr. Parrish has succeeded his father in the possession of the old farm, which has grown under his good management to 183 acres. He is regarded as one of the most thorough and successfu, farmers of the town, and his farm (a view of which, in con- nection with the portraits of his father, his wife, and himself, can be seen in another part of this book) bears evidence of its careful and judicious management. He is also ex- 471 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. tensivcly engaged in the manufacture of " Liniburger" cheese, and for the last twenty years has been extensively engaged in the cattle trade. Jlr. and ^Frs. Parrish have five children : Oscar F., the eldest, was born October 24, 1843, and is a resident of Virginia City, Nevada ; Warren R. is with his brother, and was born July 19, 184(5 ; Diana B. is the wife of Scott W. Blodgett, of the town of Lyme, and was born March 6, 1848 ;' Albert W. was born March 5, 18.")0 ; George B. was born January 22, 1852. All are living but the youngest, who died September 4, 1877. TRUMAN B. TOWNSEND. Jonathan Townsend, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Columbia Co., N. Y., in the year 1765. In 1803, in company with his brother Josiah, he came to Jefferson County and settled in the town of Champion. Here he jiurcha.sed a farm upon which he lived until 1812, when he sold it and removed to the town of Boonville, Oneida Co., where he purchased a farm, with some slight imjirove- nients. Upon this farm he remained about four years, in which time be built a house and barn and set out a large orchard ; but the laud not being adapted to grain-raising, and hearing glowing accounts of the " Genesee Country," which was at this time considered the Eldorado of western New York, he resolved to satisfy himself in regard to the fertility of the soil and the advantages offered to settlers. He accordingly sold it, and spent the summer of 1816 in looking for land ; but, like many others, he was disappointed, and returned to Jefferson County and purchased a small farm in the town of Le Ray. Shortly after the purchase he was offered $200 for his bargain. He accepted the offer, and bought the farm now owned by his grandson, George K. Town.send, which was known at the time as the " Mc- Oniber Job." Here he r&solvcd to make a homo. He had settled upon six new farms, and had cleared with his own hands 160 acres of land, and, although a hardy, robust man, toil and privation bad begun to tell upon him. In clearing these new farms, by the time he had begun to live com- fortably, the interest upon the purchase-money had so ac- cumulated that he was obliged to sell his " bettorment.s" and begin again ; but each .succeeding sale left him better off than before, and by dint of energy and perseverance he was able to hold this last purchase, which became one of the model farms, and was awarded two premiums by the county agricultural society. Upon this farm he resided until 1853, when he went to live with son Truman. The following year (1854) he passed to a higher existence, with full faith in a ble.ssed immortality. His worthy wife, who was all that is expressed in the terms amiable and intelligent, died in the forty -seventh year of her age. In 1820 he was again married, to Miss 3Iary Van Amber; she died in 1833. Truman B., the subject of this sketch, was born in the town of Champion in 1806. His early life was spent upon his father's farm, receiving a limited education. After attaining his majority he purchased 35 acres of land, which is a part of the farm he owns, a view of which, in connec- tion with these portraits, can be seen elsewhere in this work. January 2, 1828, he married Miss Sarah, daughter of Elisha and Betsey (Edwards) Allen. Having now secured a wife and a home, he commenced life with that zeal and energy which he has since evinced in every undertaking of his life. Having a natural adaptation for the trade of a car- penter and jo ner, he carried on thi.s trade in connection with farming until about 1860. Having always been an examplar of the scriptural injunction of '■ whatsoever your hand findeth to do, do it with your might," he has been successful not only in business, but in obtaining an enviable position in society and in the esteem of his fellow-citizens. Having no desire for political preferment, he has avoided rather than sought office. He has, however, been called to fill several offices, and discharged his duties to the entire satisfaction of his con.stituents. Nov. 20, 1873, ]Mrs. Town- send died, in her sixty-sixth year. Sept. 23, 1875, he was again married, to Mrs. Margaret Copeland, of Milwaukee, Wis. Mr. and Mrs. Townsend were blessed with five chil- dren, — two boys and three girls : Pri.«cilla K., born Jan. 12, 1831, and the wife of J. W. Smith ; George K., born Nov. 28, 1832, and owns the old farm of his grandfather; Eras- tus E., born Aug. 17, 1834, and died Feb. 28, 1844; Florence A., born Ajiril C, 1845, and wife of A. W. Weeks ; INIary E., born July 28, IS4S, and wife of Fred. Belong. Thus concludes the history of one of the prominent fami- lies of Famelia, a brief sketch of which i.s entitled to its place in the history of Jefferson County. PHILADELPHIA. The territory embraced in this town — which, prior to February 17, 1806, formed a part of Brownville, and from that time until April 3, 1821, Wiis included with the town of Le Ray — ia rectangular in form ; it.s length — lying nearly northwest and .southeast — being about one-quarter greater than its breadth. On the .southwest it joins Le Ray, and on the other three sides arc Theresa, Antwerp, and Wilna. It comprehends fifty-four " great lots" of tract No. 4 of the Macomb purchase, being six ranges of nine lots each. In the southern and western ])ortions of the town the surface is rolling, and in the opposite parts, towards Antwerp and There.'a, it becomes rough and hilly. Its waters are the Indian river, entering from Antwerp and flowing nearly west across the town into Le Ray ; Black creek, entering near HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. •173 the southern corner from Wilna, flowing in a general northern course, and joining the river above the village of Philadelphia ; several small streanis which fall into these from the cast, and Otter creek, which passes westwardly through the northern corner of the tuwn into Theresa. THE friends' purchase AND FIRST SETTLEMENTS. These lands being included in Le Ray's purchase of Jan- uary 4, 1800, that proprietor, on February IG, 1S04, entered into an agreement with a company, eouiposed of Abraham Stockton and Charles Ellis, of Burlington, N. J. (then Le Ray's place of residence), and Mordecai Taylor, Thomas Townsend, Jolin Townseud, Robert (,'omfort, Cadwallader Child, Moses Comfort, Israel Knight, Henjaniin Rowland, David Evans, John Jones, and Jason Merrick, of the counties of l'hilade]])hia, Montgomery, and Bucks, in Pennsylvania, — all of whom (save the last named ) were Quakers, — to .sell them sixteen lots (7(140 acres) at the rate of $:5 per acre, payable in five instalments, with six per cent, annual interest, and ten per cent, was to be discounted for ca.sh. In consideration of the sale they were also to receive, as a gift from Le Ray, a central lot (440 acres) " for the promotion of religion and learning; that is to .say, for the purpose of erecting thereon and supporting a meeting-house for the society of the people called Quakers, and a school or schools for the education of children in useful learning, to be under the care and direction of said society, and of a monthly meeting of said people, when such meeting shall be there established." It w;is stipulated that these lands should be of a quality equal to the four lots Nos. (529, G30, 031, and 632, near Le Raysville, which had been purcha.sed the pre- vious year by Joseph Child, Sr., and Moses Comfort, whose favorable accounts of the advantages of the section in soil and climate had brought about the present purchase. In case these lands should not, in the opinion of Richard Coxe, Jacob Brown, and Jonas Smith, prove to be equal to those named, an additional quantity should be given to make good the deficiency. The seller al.so agreed to make a wagon- road from the St. Lawrence river, running through the conveyed tract to the post-road at Champion, before the firet of the following December. The purcha.sers were re- quired to agree on a division of the lots among them.selves before the 25th of the next April. This being done, the lands were conveyed to them by deed from Le Ray in Maj-, 1804. The central lot, donated for religious and educational purposes, was No. Gil, embracing the present village of Philadelphia and all the water-power of the river at that point. The lots sold were Nos. 539, 540, 542, 543, 575, 576, 578, 579, 613, 644, 646, 647, 674, 675, 677, and 678. Eight lots were reserved by the proprietor, viz. : Nos. 541, 577, 609, 610, 612, 613, 645, and 676. All the above-named lots, twenty-five in number, together formed a rectangular tract five lof.s in length and the same number in width, of which tract lot Gil w;is the exact territorial centre; the conveyed lots lying in four blocks of four lots each, one in each of the four corners of the tract, while the reserved lots lay between these in the form of a cross. All that is now the town of Philadelphia w;is at that time a wilderness, in which no blow of white mini's axe had been struck, except by the surveying parties of Brodhead ; and it was to explore this and to examine their purchase that Cadwallader Child and Mordecai Taylor started north- ward in May, 1804. In their company came Samuel Evans, who had visited Le Raysville and vicinity in 1803. On leaving Albany they traveled on horscliack to Brownville for a conference with Jacob Brown in reference to projected roads, after which, early in June, Mr. Child, with Michael Cofieen, Solomon Parker, Robert Sixbury, the hunter, and another assistant, but without Mr. Taylor and !Mr. Evans, who remained at Brownville, set out from Le Raysville to follow Brodhead's marked lot-lines towards his objective point, lot No. 611. He struck it at the south corner, then followed down Black creek to its junction with Indian river, and down the latter to the falls, where his party made a halt, and built a rude cabin as a base of operations, near tlie spot where the Philadelphia flour mill now stands. From here he soon proceeded to explore and survey a route for a road to the St. Lawrence, which he reached at a point above Alexandria bay, and, passing down the river, noted the ad- vantages of that place as an eligible site for a settlement, and for the river terminus of the jjropo.sod road. On his way down he had passed a considerable distance to the southwest of the High Falls of Indian river, but on his re- turn he passed these falls, crossing the river where now is the lower bridge and dam in Theresa village. Here he ex- amined the immense water-power, marked it as a favoralile site for the establishment of mills and the building of a vil- lage, and so reported it to Mr. Le Ray. Returning to lot 611, he proceeded thence to continue his road survey to the Great Bend of Black river, in accordance with the original plan agreed on between Le Ray and the thirteen purchasers. When this w;ls completed, the season being then well ad- vanced, he entered upon lot 644, which had been drawn* by him in the assii;nment of tracts, and here, with the as- sistance of Samuel Child (his nephew) and Thomas Ward (whose widow is still living, at Carthage), he made the first clearing and erected the first dwelling in the bounds of Philadelphia. This was but a small log cabin, and the clearing was about two acres, located about one and a half miles south of the present village, on the bank of the small creek now in the southern part of the farm of his son Oliver Child. Towards the end of the same year John Petty, who had settled in 1802 or 1803, in the present town of Le Ray, removed thence with his family to lot 672 in Phila- delphia, he thus being the first actual settler in the town, and the only one who remained through the winter of 180-1-5. The land had been purchased by him in 1803, and was afterwards embraced in the fiirm of John T. Strick- land, at Strickland's Corners, near Sterlingville. Daniel Coft"een commenced improvements on a tract adjoining or near Potty's during the same fall, removing upon it early the following year. On the 1st of Februarj-, 1S05, a meeting of the persons who had been named a.s trustees of the central lot was held at the house of Israel Knight, in Pennsylvania, at which meeting it was agreed and directed " that a part of the said -■ In tbo division of the purchase, the lots hiiil been assigned to the .iffiTLnt iiiircha?ers hy baIlol.< drawn at random from a luit. 474 IIISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. tract be laid out in lots of tea acres each, and that any per- son or persons, on condition of settling or clearing tliu same, and building a log or irame house of 18 feet square on each of the lots within the term of four years, shall be entitled to the said lot for the term of ten years as a compensation for their improvements ; and it is likewise agreed that the whole transaction of the business relative to the aforemen- tioned tract be intrusted with Robert Comfort, Cadwallader Child, Thomas Townsend, John Townscnd, and Jason Mer- rick, who are to act for and on behalf of the whole." And it was especially agreed that Thomas and John Townsend should have the use for 20 years, rent free, of a tract of fif- teen or twenty acres, sufficient to cover the falls of the Indian river, and for the erection of the necessary buildings, upon the condition that they should erect thereon a mill for the general benefit of the prospective village and surrounding country. In the spring of 1805 the Townsends arrived upon the lot, prepared to commence operations. With them came Robert Comfort, Josiah Walton, Thomas Cose, Benjamin Gilbert, Thomas Gilbert, and Daniel Roberts. Walton and the two Gilberts were in the employ of the Townsends, as were also Warren Foster and his brother Andiew, who had arrived about the same time. With this force they .set to work, made a clearing at the site of the proposed mill, built a dwelling-house on this clearing, commenced work on the dam, and built a bridge across the river, some 20 rods below where it is now spanned by the new iron bridges. During the summer and fall they completed the saw-mill and grist-mill, — both being under the same roof, — and also built a log house for John Townsend, nearly where the Eagle Ilot^l now stands. The millwright employed in the construction of the mills was James Parker. The grist-mill had one run of stones, manufactured from stone quarried in the vicinity. Robert Comfort built a log house on the bank of Indian river near the easterly end of Townsends bridge, and this he opened as a house of entertainment, — the first public- house in the town, — which he kept until 1S07. Jo.siah Walton jiurcluLsed on the reserved lot No. 645, upon which he employed John Hoover and John Coffeen, of JjC Ray, to make a clearing at a point near the north corner of the Curtis farm, and u|]on this clearing CailwalludiM' Child sowed wheat the samj tall ( 1805). Another j)iccc of wheat Was put in by John Townsend, and it is not known which of these two were first sown, but Mr. Child's was the first Itiirvesled in town (July, 180U). Mr. Child, in addition to his fnur hundred and forty acres, took eight acres in the centre lot, upon the rise of ground embracing the sjiot where the ])ost-officc now stands. Upon this he caused a clearing to be made and a house of hewed legs to be erected in the spring and summer of 1S05, intending to make this liis residence; but his plan.s were soon after changed, and he sold the improvement to Silas Walton. The block- house which he (Child) had built was sold to Thomas Townsend, who removed and re-erected it upon a spot now directly in front of the residence of George E. Tucker, Esq. To this he nioves suggested by John Strick- land, and was easilj- agreed to by the inhabitants, verj- many of whom had come hither either from the city of Brotherly Love or its vicinity. The first annual town-meeting was held at the public- house of Harvey Ilanibliu, in Pliiladelphia village, March 5, 182:i. The first officers elected were Alden Bueklin, supervisor; John Strickland, Jr., clerk; Thomas Bones, Alden Bueklin, and Abiel ShurtliflF, as-sessors; Wm. Bones, collector; Cudwallader Child, John Townsend, and Abiel Shurtliff, comiuLssioners of highways ; John Strickland, Jr., David Mosher, and James Bones, commissioners of schools ; James Bones, Cadwallader Child, and J. B. Taylor, inspec- tors of schools, and William Bones, constable. The list of persons elected to the office of supervisor in the succeeding years until the present time, is as follows : Harvey Ilamblin, 1823 to 1826, inclusive; John R. Tay- lor, 1827 ; Benjamin Jackman, 1829, '30, '31 ; Hiram Hinman, 1832; Henry W. Marshall, 1833; Jesse Smith, 47G HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 1834, '35, '3fi, and 18H ; Miles Strickland, 1837, 1839, 1842; William Skinner, 183S and 1851 ; George Walton, 1840 ; John F. Latimer, 1843 ; Azel W. Danforth, 1844, '45, '46; Lyman Wilson, 1847 ; Smith Bockus, 1848-49 ; George Frazier, 1850 ; AlUen Adams, 1852-53 ; Seth Strickland, 1854 to 1858, inclusive, and also in 1866 ; John Allis, 1859, '60, '61; Lansing Becker, 1862-63; John S. Peck, 18G4-65 ; Loren Fuller, 1867 to 1872, in- clusive; and George E. Tucker, from 1873 continuously, until the present time. The other town officers for 1877 are : A. C. Comstock, clerk ; Geo. E. Tucker, Wm. Whiting, Lansing Becker, and Luke Sherman, justices of the peace ; Russell Washburn, James Clark, and Arnon Comstock, as- sessors ; Robert M. Cooper, collector, and Silas Monroe, Commissioner of highways. Philadelphia having never erected a town-hall, the elec- tions and special meetings have been held in the public- houses. The places of holding the annual meetings have been as follows: At Harvey Hambiin's in 1822 and 1823; at house of Samuel C. Frey in 1824 and in the four suc- ceeding years; at John Cross' in 1829 and 1830; at Charles G. Bunnell's in 1831 ; at William Comstock's in 1832; at William Mosher's in 1833; Daniel Rogers' in 1834; William K. Butterfield's in 183.5-36; at Jacob R. Howard's in 1837 ; Levi Butterfield's, 1838 to 1847 inclu- sive, also in 1850 ; William A. Paul's in 1848-49 ; at James Kirkbride's in 1851, and from 1853 to 1856 inclu- sive; Seth Hatch's in 1852; Russell Wa.shburn's, 1857 to 1864, also in 1866 and '67 ; S. G. Elliott's, 1864-65 ; George Washburn's in 1868; G. & H. Washburn's, 1869 and 1870; Henry Washburn's, 1871; J. H. Wxshburn's in 1872 ; Eagle Hotel, 1873, '76, and 1877 ; and at F. N. Springsteen's, 1874-75 ; all being held in Philadelphia vil- lage e.\cept the meeting in 1852, at Seth Hatch's, in Ster- lingville. POPULATION. The population of Philadelphia at the end of each lus- trum since its erection has been as follows : In 1825, 826 ; 1830, 1167; 1835, 1616; 1840, 1888; 1845, 1942; 1850, 1915; 1855, 1743; 1860, 1790; 1865, 1715; 1870, 1679; 1875, 1709. THE friends' settlement IN 1828. The increase in population at the " Quaker Settlement," as Philadelphia village was then called, was still very slow. In 1828, when nearly a quarter of a century old, its heads of families wore all embraced in the following list, namely: Edmund Tucker and Miles Strickland, proprietors of the fliiuring mill ; Piatt Human, their miller; Samuel C. Frey, and Cyrus Dodge, both inn-keepers ; Harvey Hamblin, John Cross, W. Mosher, shoemakers; James Cromwell, cabinet- maker; Stephen Robert*, Orrin Cloyse, Elijah Comstock, John Roat, Justin Gibbs, Edmund Hall, Robert Gray, merchant, and successor of Samuel Case, who opened the first store in Philadelphia, on corner of Antwerp and Main streets ; Seth Otis, the other storekeeper of the place, oppo- site the present post-office; Dr. AInion Pitcher, on Antwerp street, where Gardner Clarke afterwards lived ; and Horace Ball, who built and started the fii-st fulling-mill and cloth- iery, afterwards sold to Wm. Comstock, then to Milo Shat- tuck, still later to Houghton, and now the cabinet works of Mr. Potter. Jlr. Gray, the merchant mentioned above, was a son-in-law of John Strickland. He soon afterwards built a distillery (the onlj- one ever in Philadel- phia) on the west side of the river, at the settlement. HICKSITES AND ANTI-RENTERS. At this time (1828) there occurred a division in the Friends' socictj' in Philadelphia, a part becoming converts to the Ilicksite doctrine. Among the more influential of these were Edmund Tucker and the Stricklands, notwith- standing which the Orthodox wing, supported by the meet- ing, were the more powerful, and always retained the man- agement of the affiiirs of the centre lot until the final set- tlement by ((uit-claim. About 1835 symptoms began to be visible of a disposi- tion of tenants to resist the payment of rents, and this grew into a movement which, a few years later, caused the abandonment of the lease system. One of the chief causes which led to this was the fact that original leases had been subdivided, subleased to several parties, and again conveyed repeatedly; and these transfers not being legally known to the trustees, the latter claimed the right, and in one or two instances attempted, to distrain for rent the property of one of the tenants, to pay the arrears due on the lot of which he occupied hut u par/. This, in the view of the tenants, led to the dangerous principle that a 7)ians property icas liable to be seized /or his neighbor s debts, and was followed by a spirit of resistance in which nearly every tenant participated. In 1838 notices were posted in the village calling a public meeting to concert measures to do away with the system of leases. At this but little was actually done, but other meetings of a similar character followed, in which it was re- solved to resist at all hazards the payment of rents in the future. The confederated tenants pledged themselves to each other to sustain legal measures until a settlement should bo reached, and they boldly and publicly proclaimed that they would expend their whole properties in defense of the position they had taken. John F. Latimer. Samuel Rogers, and Jesse Smith were constituted a committee to represent them and to defend their interests. Sir. Rogei-s, though himself belonging to the society of Friends, Wiisone of the very foremost of the leaders of the anti-rent move- ment, having then just removed from his farm near Strick- land's Corners to the village, where he had purcbiused the mills and other imj)rovenieiits of Tucker and Strickland ; and believing that his own interests, as well as those of every other propcrty-boKler on the centre lot, would be ad- vanced by the abrogation of a .-iysteni which he and they re- garded as a clog on improvements and an obstacle in the way of rapid settlement. Upon the defiant declaration of these tenants that they would pay no more rents, suits were commenced against several of them, but these were afterwards withdrawn and abandoned, probably on account of the firm and unyielding attitude of the defendants, who doubtless foresaw this re- sult, well knowing that neither the general policy of the society of Friends nor the sentiment of its individual mem- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. bers would sustain prolonj^cU litigation. The anti-renters had thus virtually carried their point; ami in March, 1844, the society pctitiuned for a law authoriziiif,' the tru-stces to sell the centre lot, which was referred by the senate to the attorney-general for an opinion, who decided "that it is not c(mi|)otcnt fur any cnurt, or even the Icfrislature itself, to add to or diminish f'nini the estate thereby created, or to change the nature of the trust, or to confer authority ujion the trustees to convey the legal estate discharged of this trust thus ainiexed to it." In consequence of this opinion the legislature declined acting, and so informed the peti- tioners. This, however, did not jirevent a settlement of the difficulty. The lessees were willing to pay certain amounts, which were agreed on, and to accept (juit-claira from the meeting, which that body, on January 9, 1845, directed the trustees to execute. About 25 of these deeds were given, the tenants receiving them, paying all arrears of rent up to April 1, 1844. Two or three, who were members of the meeting, declined to receive the quit-claims, preferring rather to hold their perpetuity leases at the ex- tremely low figure of $1 per acre, or less, annual rent. And this was the end of the long and vexatious controversy that in its course had engendered feelings of rancor which the lap.se of more than thirty years has scarcely obliterated. DISCOVERY AXn OPENI.NG OF ORE-BEDS. In the northerly corner of the town, on the line of Theresa, in lots Nos. 543 and 544, iron ore was discovered at about the time of the opening of the Sterling mines in Antwerp ; and these were opened on the farms of Alnion Fuller and Abiel Shurtliff, about 1836. It was worked to some extent in the furnaces at Sterlingville, Carthage, Antwerp, and Redwood; a royalty of 50 cents per ton being paid to the owners of the lands from wiiich it was taken. It was, however, a lean ore, and was not held in much favor, being used chiefly as a flux in the reduction of the Sterling and other rich ores, for which it answered exceedingly well, on account of the lime it contained. The requirements lor this purpose, however, were comparatively small, and, for many years, these beds were not extensively worked ; but, upon reaching greater dojith. the quality of the ore was found to be improving, until at the present time it ranks among the best ores of the region. The mines were pur- chased in 18tj7 by the Sterling Iron Ore Company, of S3'racuse, to which place, as well as to other jmints west, the ore is shipped for reduction. The point of sliipnient is Sliurtlitl statiun, on the line of the Black River and Mor- ristown railroad, between Philadelphia and Theresa. The excavations have been extended nearly to the limit of the conijiany's lands, and the adjoining owners believe their lands to be underlaid by the same vein in equal extent, depth, and richness. The representatives of the company, on the other hand, a,ssert that the beds are nearly exhausted. The future alone can show which is the correct theory. THE STERLINGVILLE FURNACE. The first furnace on Black creek, in Philadelphia, was commenced by James .Sterling in 1836, for the purpose of working the ores from the Sterling bed, in Antwer]i, which he had then ju.st ]nirchasrd fioin David Parrish. It was completed in the spring of 1837, and was put in blast in June of that year. This first blast was kept on for three months, and produced about 155 tons of iron, bog ore being used with that from the Sterling mine. The Shurt- liff & Fuller ores were used also in limited quantities as a flux. In the fall of that year, Mr. Sterling associated with him Messrs. Orville Ilungerford, George Walton, Caleb Essington, and George C. Sherman, and with them organ- ized, Oct. 31, 1837, under the general law, as the " Ster- ling Iron Company," with a capital of ?20,000, in 200 equal shares. A second blast was put on and continued for five months, during which the daily production w;us not materially increased over that of the first blast. The third blast, using hot air (cold air having been used in the first two trials), was commenced on the 10th of September, 1838, and continued for the (then) unusual period of fifty- four weeks and two days, at the end of which the company complimented it.s employees by a public dinner. In 1840 the Sterling Iron Co. went out of existence, and a new one was formed ujion the property under the name of " The Philadelphia Iron Company." This was composed of Ephraim Taylor, Fred. Van Ostrand, George Dickerson, William Skinner, and John Gates. The date of their incorporation under the general law was May IS), 1840. This company rebuilt the furnace, and, having operated it for some time without much success, eea.sed to exist, and was succeeded by Samuel G. Sterling, a brother of James Sterling, who was the father, and under all the different proprietorships continued to be the niastcr-sjiirit, of the en- terprise until 1SJ9, when he retired from active life, and died in 1863. The furnace was destroyed by fire in 1849, and rebuilt about two years later. From 1859 to 1869 it was carried on by A. P. Sterling, of Antwerp, then sold to the Jeffer- son Iron Company, Edwin B. Bulkley, president, whose office is at Antwerp village. This ctmipany owns also the Sterlingbush furnaces in Diana, Lewis county, which, when in operation, are run on the ore of the Sterling mine, of which the company is the proprietor. The Sterlingville furnace is now cold, and there is said to be little proba- bility that it will ever again be in blast. TUE ESSINGTON FORGE, at Sterlingville, was erected about 1839, by Caleb Essing- ton, for the manufacture of refined iron, in which it was worked more or less extensively at ditrercnt times for a number of years ; but is now in disuse, and will probably not be again put in operation. POST-OFFICES. The post-ofiice of Philadelphia was established in 1822, with Edmund Tucker as first postmaster, under whom the oflSec was located in his brick house at the north end of the settlement. He held the position until his death, Jan. 6, 1836. His successor was John Cross, who held the office until 1842. The later postmasters have been as follows : William Strong, 1842-19; James B. Carpenter, 1849-53; Jerome B. Davison, 1853-57; George E. Tucker, 1857- 61; Daniel II. Scofield, 1861-64; Asa E. Macomber, 1864-6(1; Samuel B. Scofield, 1866-69; Martin E. Ai- 478 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. drick, 1869 to the present time. The business of the office for the Tear ending October 1, 1877, amounted to 8443.51, yielding to the postmaster a remuneration of §356.35. The money-order department yielded $11.92 additional. The post-office at Sterlingviile was established in Feb- ruary, 1839, George Walton being the first postmaster. The business of this office b small. The present postmaster is E. P. Daily. In 1850 the post-office of Whitney's Comers was estab- lished in the neighborhood beyring the same name, on the old Evans" Mills and Ox Bow plank-road, in the west part of the town. The first postmaster was Carey Z. Eddy, who held the office for one year, and was succeeded by Wm. M. Whitney, who remained until 1856, when the office was discontinued. During the days when the mail-stages ran over the plank-road the office at Philadelphia village received its mail by way of Whitney's Comers ; but the opening of the railroad destroyed stage-line, mail-route, and post-office together. On the Antwerp and Sterlingviile plank-road, at the little hamlet of Pogeland, a post-office of the same name was established in 1852, with Daniel Smith postmaster. He died soon after, and the office was for a time discontinued, but re-established with Theodore Cross postmaster. It was finally discontinued in 1854 or 1855. PUBLIC-HOUSES. About the year 1815 a tavern was built and opened in the Friends' Settlement by Samuel Case, son-in-law of John Strickland. It was upon the site of the present Eagle Hotel, of which it forms a part. After Case it was kept by Harvey Hamblin, who remained until 1823, and was succeeded by Samuel C. Frey as landlord. Also among its landlords were Ferrin, Jackman. and Edmund Hall. Wm. Comstock was its proprietor in 1832; Wm. K. Butterfield in 1835 and 1836; Jacob R. Howard, 1837 ; Levi Butterfield in 1838, and for nine years there- after. Wm. A. Paul was there in 1848-49 ; James Kirk- bride, from 1851 to 1856 inclusive: Russell Washburn, 1857 to 1863 inclusive; also in 1866 and 1867. It was kept by S. G. Elliott in 1864-65. and at different times by George Washburn, Henry Washburn, and J. H. Washburn, from 1868 until 1877, excepting 1874 and 1875, by F.N. Springsteen. The other public-house at the vilhige was built and opened by Mr. Crofoot about 1825. One of its first land- lords wa.s the unfortunate Cyrus Dodge, who was instantly killed in Philadelphia by the bursting of a cannon July 4, 1829. It was kept by John Cross in 1829 and 1830. by Chas.G. Bunnell in 1831. by Wm. Mosherin 1833, by Daniel Rogers in 1834. Hiram Cross was one of its early pro- prietors, and its last was Dr. French. It is the same build- ing now occupied by Washburn's store and market, on Main street. A hotel was opened at Sterlingviile before 1840 b? Rufus H.itch. and was kept as a public-house for many years. The annual town-meeting was held at this house in 1852, during the proprietorship of Seth Hatch. The Sterling- viile House, now kept by William Conley, was built and o{iened by Frederick Van Ostrand in 1841. At Barber's corners, 2] miles east of Philadelphia village, was formerly a tavern, kept by Van Ostrand, Van Valkenburgh, and others ; also at Pogeland, near Antwerp line, among whose landlords were Van Ostrand and Daniel Smith. This house was destroyed by fire. MILLS AND MANUFACTORIES. Hie PhilaJeljthia Flnur-MlU is a successor of the first grist-mill, built by the Townsend brothers in 18Ii.ss Comstock was also the first teacher of the ,school in the Quaker meeting-house, which was built in 1810, and used for school purposes until 1827. A few only of the teachers' names can be brought to memory. Mr. Blackman taught a short time in 181G, but soon became sick, and was succeeded by Elias Roberts. Jliss Anna Strickland taught in 1818, and Samuel Rogers in the winter of 1821-22, for a compensation of Sll per month, he having a school of about 30 pupils. The first school districts, numbering from 1 to 4, inclusive, were laid off Sept. 28, 1822, by John Strickland, Jr., David iMosher, and James Bones, school commissioners. In that year the amount of school money received from the town col- lector was S13.56, and an equal amount was received from the county treasurer; total, S27.12. Districts Nos. 1 and 3, however (the last named being the Quaker settlement), supported six mouths of teaching; district No. 2, three months ; district 4 not being mentioned. Books then in use, Introduction to English Reader, Webster's Spelling-Book, Comly's Grammar and Geography, Adams' Arithmetic, Ten years later (1832) the report of the school commis- sioners of Philadelphia (Hiram Ilinman and David Tucker) to the State superintendent showed that the public money for schools received from county treasurer was 860,80, and from the town collector, S.t1.64 ; total, 8112.44; appor- tioned to districts 1,2,3, 7, and 8, and joint districts 6 and 18 ; that the amount paid for teachers' wages, in addi- tion to the public money, was 8236,88 ; that the duration of teaching in the year averaged 8 months and 2 days ; that the number of children taught was .376 ; and that the school-books in use were Cobb's Spelling-Book, The English Reader, Adams', Rogers', and Daboll's Arith- metics, Murray's and Rensliaw's Grammars, and Willett's Geography, About 1835 a bitter controversy sprung up and continued for a long time concerning the management of the school on the centre lot. On the one side were the trustees of the lot, backed by the Orthodox Quakers, and on the other a large part of the inhabitants outside of the sect. On the part of the latter it was charged that their children, although fully entitled to all the privileges of the school, were ejected therefrom for no reasons save those of a sectarian character; that thej' (the trustees) had misapplied funds arising from^ the rents; that they had employed iniprr)per and incom- petent teachers, and (later on; that they had abandoned the school and converted the house into a dwelling, etc. The management retorted that no misapplication of the funds had been made, and that in any view of the case they were accountable to the meeting, and to that body alone, for the faithful execution of their trust ; that they had been unwarrantably interfered with by attempts to employ' and in- stall objectionable teachers ; and that as regarded the exclu- sion of children from the school, no sectarian discrimination had been made, nor had there been any exclusion except for improper conduct, which, they more than intimated, was not only excused, but incited, by the parents themselves. These are but a few of the charges and recriminations of that controversy, a correct account of which, in all its phases, could hardly be given, even by one whrj was present to witness the quarrel, but which to the historian, who must gather the facts now, after the lapse of forty years, would be a task hopeless and impossible. These events resulted in the erection of a school-house by the district (No. 3), upon land donated by John F. Latimer, Esq., in 1837, This building was some years since remodeled into a dwell- ing, the same now occupied b}- Robert M, Cooper. Some years later (1851), Messrs. Slocum and Townsend, for the Quakers, built a small frame school-house at a spot now a short distance south of the track of the R., W. & O. rail- road, on the road to the house of Aaron Child. It is now the dwelling of Elisha Rogers. A school was taught in this for some time, the object probably being to avoid the possibility of a reversion of the centre lot to the heirs of Le Ray by reason of a failure to comply with the conditions upon which it was given. The number of districts is now 10, and the number of schools 11, allowing for the two departments taught in dis- trict No. 3 (Philadelphia village), where a male and a female teacher are employed during the year, the former re- ceiving about 812 per week, and the latter $6.50. Higher salaries than these were formerly paid in this district. Here 3 terms are taught, — winter, spring, and fall, — aggregating about 38 weeks. The school-house is the old Quaker church, but the erection of a new building is in contem- plation. In the other districts of the town the yearly ag- gregate of terms seldom much exceeds the ref|uircd duration of 28 weeks. The teachers employed are nearly all females, who receive from 84 to 86 per week. The school oflScers are district trustees, one or three in each district, at their option. The schools in Philadelphia village are now taught in the old (second) Quaker meeting-house, which, with about five acres of land. — th* meeting-house lot, — was purchased by the district from the society in 1869, for about 81800. A part of this lot has since been sold, leaving about two acres as a school lot. It is exceedingly well loc;ited, and a new house will probably soon be erected on it. The " Pliiladclphia Library" was formed Sept. 13, 1S31, with Edmund Tucker, Alvah Murdock, Henry W. Mar- shall, Joel Haworth, John F. Latimer. Samuel Rogers, Azel Danforth, Weeden Mosher, and John R. Taylor, trus- 480 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. tees. It has not been kept up. The volumes remaining are in custody of John F. Latimer, Esq. RELIGIOUS. TUE rUILADELPIIIA CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. This church was formed of the old society of " the friend.s of Christian union in Philadelphia," reinforced by members of the Presbyterian church. The first entry upon their record is of a meeting uf the friends of Christian union, held June 28, 1859, at the hou.se of John Wait, at which An- drew Miller, John Wait, Lucius Smith, Bracket Acker- man, Francis D. York, William S. Nichols, and Nathan R. Whitney were elected trustees. Two days later another meeting was held, at which James W. Beers, James H. Cooper, and Cyrus Mosher were chosen a building com- mittee to raise subscriptions preliminary to the erection of a church, and it was also " voted to take the Wash- burn site at $15." On July 7, at a meeting, the committee rejiorted §420 subscribed, and on July 14 it was again voted to take the Washburn site. Tiie next entry is of date June 28, 1860, and shows that the church had been erected in the mean time, viz., " The regular yearly meet- ing of the friends of Christian union met in the Philadel- phia church," etc., the chair being taken by Ilev. James Gregg, who continued to jireach to them for some years. On Wednesday, January 20, 1868, at a council of dele- gates from the Congregational churches of West Carthage, Lisbon, Richville, Antwerp, and Copciihagon, " for the purpose of reorganizing this church on the basis of the Congregational polity," it was " voted to receive this into the fellowship of Congregational churches." The persons taking the covenant, and subscribing to the confession of faith under this reorganization, were Rev. Josiah Newton, John Wait, L. J. Smith, Mrs. A. S. Newton, Frances Mur- doek, Sarah M. Smith, Edward Pitcher, Eliza Sprague, Mrs. II. II. York, and E. A. Seofield. Mr. Newton served them until Rev. A. B. Dilley became their pastor on June 1, 1873. He remained until July 2, 1874, when he was succeeded by Rev. N. F. Nickeison, who is still in charge. The present membership (^1877j is 50 ; 23 males and o6 females. The house of worship of this congregation is on Antwerp street, near the centre of the village. The Presbyterian church, which united with this after the reorganizatii)n cm a Coiigregatinnal basin, was itself a Congregational cluircb, organizcil willi thirteen members in 1841, by Rev. N. Duttcm, of Clianipion, who continued as their minister fur several years. Tlie society was incor- porated under the general law, Feb. 8, 1841, with Nelson Ackcrt, Milo Shattuck, Abijah Ford, Peter Bethel, and Alvali Murdoek, trustees. Before 1860 the church was chan'.;('d to the Presbyterian form, and so remained until merged with the Congregalionalist as mentioned. In thr first year of their organization they had, in union with the Baptists, erected a church on Main street, in the village, cosling§1600; and in this they worshiped until the fusion, when their interest in the edifice was purchased by the Baptists. THE M. E. CIllllCll OK IMIlI.AhKl.l'IlIA. The first Methodist society in tin' lnwn of I'iiilaticlpbia was formed March 9, 1838, the trustees being William Powell, George Sim, Theodore Cross, Charles R. Sweet, and Stephen Post. In the same year they erected a church building on William Powell's land, in the neighborhood known .ns Pogeland, near the town-line of Antwerp, in which some of the society resided. This organization con- tinued until 1867, when the lew remaining members de- cided to sell their building and unite with the church at the village. The church at Phiiadel]ibia village was organ- ized in 1843, with Sterling Graves, Uiehard Crabb, Benja- min Allen, and Nelson Chadwick, trustees. Their huuse of worship was erected the same season u])oii the main road, at the southerlj' end of the village, on land purchased of Elizabeth Mosher. They met here for fifteen j'cars, but in 1858 a large and most desirable lot (the present site) was purchased of Jesse Roberts upon the opposite side of the street, and to this the church was removed, enlarged, and rededicatcd. In the following year a parsonage was erected on the same lot. The estimated value of this church property is S4500. The following are the ministers who have served the church, and the dates of their appointment; Rev. Elijah Smith, 1843 ; S. W. Thurston, 1845 ; L. D. Gibbs, 1846 (died in the charge) ; John R. Lewis, 1847 ; T. D. Sleeper, 1848; J. N. Brown, 1850; Wm. H. Blancbard, 1851; Silas Slater, 1852; A. S. Niekerson, 1853; J. Penficld, 1855 ; C. Phelps, 1856 ; G. S. Watson, 1857 ; M. Thrasher, 1859; J. H. Burnett, 1861 ; A. F. Wheeler, 1863; A. M. Fradendurgb, 1865; S. C. Goodell, 1867; D. Simonds, 1869; II. 0. Tilden, 1870; 0. M. Witters, 1872; H. G. Miller, 1873; H. Hesselgrave, 1874; and S. F. Kenyon, 1877. The present trustees are Abel Wilson, Henry Hart, II. S. Houghton, A. W. Potter, and Theodore Con- way. The present membership is 119. The Sabbath- school is under the superintendence of Asa E. Macomber. The attendance is about 90. A class of 29 members belonging to this charge worships in the Union church at Sterlingvilhi. ST. NICHOLAS CHURCH (CATUOLIC). This church edifice was built in 1838-39, on a site do- nated by Mr. La Farge, on Black creek, a short distance above Sterlingvillc. The co.st of the building was about ?8i.'0. The present priest in charge is Rev. Father Plunkett. The worshipers are numerous. THE BAPTIST CHURCH OE I'HILAHELPII I A was organized at the house of E. I). Woodward, in Pliila- delphia, Nov. 5, 1840, with the following constituent members: William York, Henry York, Walter Culton, Nathan Frink, Henry Colton, E. D. Woodward, Sister Colton, I)iana Baker, Mrs. Cloyse, and Laura Taylor. The organization was approved by a council I'rom the churches of Watertown, Le Ray, Antwerp, and Antwerp and Fowler. Sermon on that occasion by Rev. Charles (^lark. and of fellowship by Rev. Philander Persons; charge by Ilev. Syl- vester Davis. A society (corporate) was formed Dec. 14, 1840, with E. D. Woodward, Elias Roberts, Walter Colton, Jesse Smith, and Henry York, trustees. For a time lliey met lor worship in a barn, then for a HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 481 few months in the school-house, and then, in 1841, in union witli the Congregationalists, they erected their present house on Main street; the cost being about $1600. They became sole owners, by purchase of the other party's in- terest, about 1868. The first pastor of this church was Rev. Ashbel Stevens, then came Rev. John Wilder ; and these have been succeeded by Revs. Chas. II. Havens, S. L. Bulas, J. F. Bishop, Henry Ward, Lorenzo Rice, Joseph B. Drumiuond, Charles Bailey, Elijah G. Blount, Loreu G. Brown, and Henry Ward (a second term), thjir present pastor. The meinbersiiip is now 73. Auxiliary to the church is a flourishing Sabb.itli-school, now under the su]>eniiteiideucy of De.'iter Allis. TQE FKEE B.U'TIST CIIURCFI OP rHILADELl'HI.\ was org-anized at the house of William Chadwick July 25, 1852, by a council of which Elder Samuel Hart was moderator and Elder M. H. Abbey clerk. The constituent members were William Chadwick, Irene Chadwick, Samson Hildreth, Lueinda Hildreth, Leiand M. Smith, Lovina Bcmas, Anson Chadwick, Angeline I. Chadwick, and Clarissa Eddy. For many years their meetings were held in the Whitney school-hou.se, but they purchased, fur $515, a half-interest in the Baptist church building, after the Presbyterians had withdrawn from its joint occupation with the Baptists. Each share in this property is now valued at SIOUO. Their first pastor was Elder Samuel Hart, whose successors in the desk have been Elders William Whitfield, J. W. Hills, Johnson, J. J. Allen, B. F. Jefferson, William G. Willis, J. B. Collins, and Henry Ward, who still serves them. THE UNION CHURCH EDIFICE at Sterlingville was built by an association of citizens under the management of George Clark, Caleb Essington, and Thomas Delancey, trustees. The object in view was to provide a suitable place where Christians of any denomina- tion might meet fur religious purposes, and this original intent has been adhered to. It has been used as ri^quired by Episcopalians, Universalists, Baptists, Methodists, Dis- ciples, and others. The two last named hold regular meet- ings there at the present time. It was completed in 185G at a cost of $1800, the architect and builder being James Murray. THE disciples' CHURCH. The first meetings of this people were held in the town of Philadelphia soon after 1850; their first preachers being Revs. Benedict, Oliphant, B. F. Bush, and others. The organization as a church was made about 1804, with 22 constituent members, under charge of Rev. Parker, of Illinois, who remained in their service one year. Afterwards came Rev. Mr. Oliu, Rev. John Hamilton, Rev. Mr. Good- rich, who remained only six months, and the present p.istor. Rev. John Boggs, who came in the spring of 1877. Meet- ings for communion are held every Sabbath in the Union church at Sterlingville. Preaching in the same place once in four weeks. The present membership is about 50. A Union Sabbath-school, under the superintendency of Joseph Essington, is held weekly at the Union church. 31 THE OLD QUAKER GRAVE-YARD. This ancient burial-ground, adjoining which the first Quaker meeting-house was afterwards erected, was com- menced in 1807 by the interment of the victims of the malignant fever of that year. Its first occui)ants were John Merrick and two children of Robert Comfort, but it is not known which of these was the earliest. Five or six persons attended the funerals, and Mr. Oliver Child recollects hear- ing mention of the circumstance that a man was sent to chop and clear a spot for the graves. The Quakers, by a rule of their sect, were forbidden to erect monuments, even of the most modest kind, over the departed, and I'or nearly a <|uar- ter of a century the rule was enforced in this ground, in regard to all, whether Friends or otherwise. The first stone erected here was to the memory of Alanson Mosher, in 1831, after which the prohibition became a nullity. The first sexton, or person having charge of the ground (and of the meeting-house when built), Wiis Stephen Roberts, and the ofiSce d&scended from him to his son Elias. THE TOWN BURIAL-GROUND AT PHILADELPHIA VILLAGE. It became apparent, after thirty years of use, that the Quaker ground would soon be inadequate to the require- ments of both Friends and townspeople, and, besides, the antagonism then recently developed in property and school matters had extended even to " God's acre." A town burial-place was needed, and negotiation was made for a spot adjoining the grave-yard of the Quakers, and being a part of their meeting-house tract. A deed for this was ex- ecuted February 15, 1840, to Miles Strickland, as supervisor of the town, by Joseph A. Child, Harmon Ackert, and Jacob Chase, trustees of the Le Ray monthly meeting, and Cadwallader Child, John Town-send, and Jason Merrick, '•acting tru.stees of the estate and funds arising from a donation made by James D. Le Ray de Chaumont," etc., conveying forty five one-hundredths of an acre " for the purpose of a public burial-ground, agreeable to the statute in such cases made and provided." The first interment iu this was of the wife of Jesse Smith. The area was small, and, after some years, an addition became necessary, and was laid out upon the northeasterly side. Few interments j are now made, cither in this or in the Quaker ground. THE PHILADELPHIA CEMETERY. After about twenty years from its laying out, the town burial-ground seems to have come to be considered as insuf- ficient or inconvenient, for, at the annual town-meeting in 1859, William Allis, Seth Strickland, and Henry Wilson were appointed a committee '' to procure a piece of land, not less than two acres, suitable for a public burial-ground, at some place within one mile of the village of Philadelphia, and present the account of the same to the town auditors." . . . Nothing was accomplished by this committee, and at the next annual meeting John F. Latimer, Charles D. Nims, and Thaddeus Scofield were appointed to procure such a lot, within two miles of the village, and they were authorized " to lay out a portion of said land into lots, and to sell the same." At the meeting in 1861 they reported in favor of a site on land of Seth Strickland, and that it 482 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. could be procured for 8525, which was at once voted for the purpose. The purchase, however, was not then consummated, Strickhiud demanding a higher price for the land ; and it appears that the matter was thus held in abeyance for two years, for, at the annual meeting in 18tj3, it was resolved that a committee be appointed "to negotiate with Seth Strickland about his land, or to do any and all things ne- cessary to get a piece of land for a burying-ground, . . . and to report at next meeting.' In the mean time, however, the comiuittee had found that the ground selected was wholly unfit for the purpose designed, being at times completely saturated with water. Accordingly, at the meeting in 18G4, it was " resolved that the action of the committee be ap- proved in canceling the deed from Seth Strickland." The Strickland negotiation being abandoned, a tract of about 4 acres was purcliased of John H. Comstock, this being a part of the Thaddeus Scofield form, and lying on the Sandy Hollow road, westerly from the village about IJ miles. A committee was appointed to lay out the cemetery " according to plan, and to sell and deed to purchasers 200 lots, at prices not less than §1.50, nor more than S5 ; and in no case to sell more than 2 lots to any one person." The cemetery gives general satisfaction, the main objection to it being that it must be approached over an exceedingly bad road. • It is now the principal place of interment for the townspeople, and many transfers to it have been made from the old ground in the village. THE BURIAL-GROUND NEAR STERLINGVILLE, which was commenced, and is used chiefly by, inhabitants of that village and the neighboring region, lies just across the river, in the town of Lc Ray. The ground — about one acre — was purchased of Aaron Comstock, in 1850. The first interment in it was of Aaron Bristol, in the early part of 1851. James Sterling, the originator of the works which made the village of Sterlingville, was buried here in 1863. The burials of the Catholics have been made in their church-yard at Sterlingville ; but as this proved a wet and unsuitable ground, they are now discontinued, and many transfers have been made from this to their ground at Carthage. The inhabitants of a portion of Philadelphia, adjoining Theresa, use the Chase burial-ground, in the latter town. PHILADELPHIA VILLAGE. Philadelphia was incorporated a village in 1872, the boundaries being described as follows: " Beginning at a point in line between great lots Nos. 610 and C44, 15 chains from corner of great lots Nos. 609, 610, 643, and 644 ; thence N. 39° E. along said great lot line 80 chains to a point one chain beyond corner of great lots Nos. 611, 612, 645, and 646 ; thence N. 51° W., parallel with great lot line, 80 chains; thence S. 39° W. 80 chains to .«take near bank of Indian river; thence S. 51° E. 80 chains to place of beginning; containing 640 acres of land. Sur- veyed by Martin E. Aldrich, Dec. 4, 1871." The incor- poration was accepted and ratified at a meeting held at the l>ublic-house of J. H. Washburn, January 11, 1872. The first oflBcers elected were : D. H. Scofield, president ; Seth Strickland, Orrin A. Cross, and George E. Tucker, trustees; which board appointed Asa E. Macomber clerk and Jas. Barr street commissioner. The following-named persons have since been elected to the office of president of the cor- poration : Daniel H. Scofield, in 1873; Gaylor Rouse, in 1874, 1875, 1876 ; and George E. Tucker, in 1877. The trustees elected for the present year (1877) are John T. Strickland and Russell Washburn; Clerk, A. E. Ma- comber ; Collector, Charles F. Pollock ; Treasurer, William T. Holmes. At the ti.iue of incorporation Philadelphia contained 625 inhabitants. It has now nearly- 700, and contains, besides the mills and other establishments above mentioned, three churches (Congregational, BaptLst, and Methodist), 1 school- house, the post-office, telegraph-office, railway buildings, 2 hotels, 3 general stores, 2 groceries, 2 drug-stores, 3 physi- cians, 1 attorney, 1 hardware-store, 1 stove- and tinware- store, 1 harness- and saddlery-shop, and one watelimaker's shop. Two fine iron bridges were built across Indian river, at Main street, in 1876. STERLINGVILLE. This little village, also a station on the Utica and Black River railroad, contains, besides the furnace, forge, and mills already mentioned, the post-office of the same name, 1 school-house, 2 churches (Union and Catholic), 1 public- house, 1 general store, 1 grocery, 2 blacksmith-shops, and 1 carriage-manufactory. In 1855 its population was 316, and in 1865 had decrciised to 276. Probably there has been no increase since that time. RAILROADS — TELEGRAPH. The Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburgh railroad, which cros.ses the town from the Le Ray to the Antwerp line, was opened from Watertown to Pliiladelj)hia June 2, 1855. The agent of the road at Philadelphia is Mr. John Allis, who held that position from 1855 to 1866, and again from December, 1873, to the present time. In the period from 1866 till the return of Mr. Allis in 1873 the company's asrent here was R. J. Traver. The Utica and Black River railroad, which enters the town near Sterlingville, and passes thence down the Black Creek valley to Philadelphia village, was opened to that point Feb. 2, 1872. Tiie Black River and Morristown road (a northern connection of the U. & B. R. railroad and now leased bj' that company) was opened for traffic hence to Theresa in the fall of 1873. Mr. Allis is also the Phil- adelphia agent of the two last-named roads. The pa.ssengcr depot here is a good and commodious building standing some distance south of the centre of the village, but within the corporation limits. It is used jointly by the two com- panies, whose tracks here cross each other at right angles. The aggregate of business done by both roads at this station, in the year 1876, was as follows : Freight forwarded, 829,689.12. Freight received, 818,638.59. Tickets sold, 812,846.83. The amount of tickets sold at this station in the first year of the operation of the R., W. & 0. road was about 81700. Telegraphic communication with Philadelphia was first HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 483 opened in June, 18G8. The office was first, as at present, in the store of John Wait, and the first operator was Wil- liam J. Wait. AGRICULTURAL. Philadelphia, like the surrounding towns, has a soil better adapted for grazing purposes than for the extensive produc- tion of cereals, and hence the farmers here, as in the neigh- boring region, give especial attention to the raising of stock and to dairying. Large numbers of good cattle are sent from here by railroad and otherwise, but it is from the products of the dairy, particulaily fnim the manufacture of cheese, that the husbandman realizes his principal profit. There are at present four factories of common, or " Yankee" cheese, viz. : the " I'hiladelphia choosc-factory," just out.side the village, owned by Madison Cooper, and taking the pro- duct of G50 cows; the " Barber factory," IJ miles farther east, manufacturing from 350 cows; the factory of Loren Fuller, in the northwest part of the town, supplied by about 500 cows ; and H. W. Eddy's factory, in the west corner of the town, furnished by 1 25 cows. There are also ten factories of Limbuiger cheese, u.sing the milk of 940 cows ; in all more than 2500 cows, exclusive of those from which butter and cheese arc made by hand-process. There are few towns of the size which make a better showing in this line of agriculture. PUILADELPUI.V ORANGE, NO. 11-1, P. OF H., was organized Feb. 24, 1874, with 40 members. The first officers of the grange were Lansing Becker, Master ; George E. Tucker, Overseer ; George Comstock, Lecturer ; Charles E. Gould, Secret;iry; Joseph P. Lawton, Treasurer; Wm. J. Nevills, Steward; Wm. Whiting, Assistant Steward; Al- bert K. Allen, Chaplain ; and Edwin Wilson, Gate-keeper. The meetings have from the first been held in Farnham's Hall, in Philadelphia village. The present officers are Wm. Whiting, M;j.ster; John S. Casler, Overseer; Edwin Wilson, Lecturer; Cornelius Scouten, Steward; Stephen Howland, Assistant Steward ; George Comstock, Chaplain ; Samuel Hall, Treasurer; Henry D. Ford, Secretary; Francis Wilson, Gate-keeper ; Miss Henrietta Whidng, Ceres ; Miss Mary J. Ford, Pomona; Miss Anna M. Becker, Flora; Mi.ss Clara Hall, Lady Assistant Steward. The membership is now 55. PHYSICIANS. Dr. Almon Pitcher, who has already been mentioned as the first physician to locate at the Quaker Settlement, was followed by Dr. Alvah Murdock, who came from Gouver- neur, and settled in Philadelphia in 1829. After more than forty years of successful practice here he removed to Rens- selaer Falls, and has but recently deceased. Among those who have practiced in Philadelphia village since the coming of Dr. Murdock may be mentioned Dr. A. M. Van Ostrand, Dr. Coan, Dr. James B. Carpenter, Dr. A. Welch, Dr. 0. S. Copeland, Dr. V. B. Ayres, Dr. E. Seymour, Dr. H. S. Lane, Dr. E. W. Trowbridge, and Dr. R. A. Stevens. Drs. Stevens and Lane are still established here. Dr. Weeden Mosher, a botanic ph3sician, w;u< for a long time a resident of the village. Dr. C. Heath, eclectic, is .still in practice in Philadelphia. For valuable assistance in the preparation of this town's history, the thanks of the writer are due to the following- gentlemen, namely, Oliver Child, Es([., John F. Latimer, Esfj., Samuel Rogers, Esq., Reverends Henry Ward and N. F. Nickerson, Messrs. E. A. Scofield, John Allis, Asa E. Maeomber, Jolin Wait, Loren Fuller, M. E. Aldrich, A. C. Comstock, and George E. Tucker, Esrj. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. OLIVER CHILD. The ancestors cf Mr. Child emigrated from Wales to Pennsylvania as early as 1G81, and settled in Bucks county, where they engaged in farming. Being members of that plain and unpretending sect, the Friends, the children were reared under the discipline of the rigid honesty and sim- plicity characteristic of that people. Cephas, the paternal grandfather, was born in Bucks county, where he lived all his life, rearing a family of eight children. It was here that Cadwalador, the father of Oliver, was born, July 18, 1776. He attended the schools of that day, acquiring a good English education. He became for a .short time a teacher, and, at the early age of twenty, in 1800, he was married to Elizabeth Rea, of the .same place. In the year 1804 he came to Jefferson Co., N. Y., where for several years he was chiefly engaged in surveying roads and boundary lines for the great land-owner, Le Ray. Soon after his arrival in Jefferson County he, in company with ten or a dozen others, selected a largo tract of land for set- tlement, which was divided into lots of 440 acres each, and the difterent parcels were distributed by lot. Mr. Childs drew lot No. 644. The purchase-price of these lands was three dollars per acre. In 1806 he, with his family, moved on to his (mrchase and commenced clearing up his lands, and from this time until his death, which occurred April 3, 1851, he was engaged in farming and rearing a family of six children. The names of his children are Aaron, Jo- seph A., Oliver, Mary, Gaynor, and Naylor. Of these, all are living and have families except Gaynor, who is deceased. Oliver, the third son, was born in the town of Philadel- phia, on the old home farm, on which he still resides, Feb- ruary 10, 1807. He received a good common-school edu- cation, and was reared a farmer, which he has made the principal business of his life, although he was in the employ of Mr. Le Ray for ten years as a surveyor. By his first wife, Edith Shaw, of Pennsylvania, he beaime (he father of three children. His first child, Hamilton Child, is a publisher in the city of Syracuse. The names of the other two are Mary J. and Lewis J. The mother of these chil- dren died in 1842. Mr. Child's second marriage occurred on September 12, 1844, with Eliza Shepherd, of St. Law- rence county. By this marriage there are no children. The farm now comprises over 300 acres of fine dairy lands, to which it is principally devoted. By reference on another page of this work, may be found a fine view of the old home of this pioneer family. 484 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. LY.MAN WILSON. .MUS. RUTU WILSON. LYMAN WILSON, whose portniit and that of his widow — -Ruth Wilson — oc- cupy this pige, are among the old pioneer settlers of Jeffer- son County, and are descended from old families of English origin, who emigrated to this country at an early date. Suel Wilson, the father of Lyman, was a native of Vermont, and emigrated to Jefferson County .ibout the year 1805, and settled in the town of Le Ray. He reared a family of eleven cliildren, — eight sons and three daughters, — of wtiieh Lyman was the eldest child. He was reared a farmer, and received a good common-school education, which he put to good, practical u.se in after-years as a teacher, farmer, and in va- rious offices and positions of trust in his town, having at various times in his life filled the office of supervisor, mag- istrate, commissioner, etc., acceptably to his fellow-towns- men. At the age of twenty-two, on the 7th day of April, 1824, he was united in marriage with Ruth Carey, of Le Ray, the daughter of Levi Carey, one of the early settlers of that town. His father, Suel Wilson, departed this life on the 10th day of November, 1827, and his widow only survived his death a short time, as her death occurred on the 19th day of December, 1827. Lyman, the next year afler his marriage, bought a farm in Le Ray, which after four years he sold, and soon after purchased a farm in the town of Philadelphia, which be- came his permanent home and on which he continued to reside until his death, which occurred Jan. 24, 1877. He was the father of eight children, named as follows: Emma M,, Warren, Ghloe A., Lyman S., Lyman H., Henry M., Melville D., and Newell C. Of these, all are living, mar- ried, and have families, except Lyman and Newell, who are deceased. Mr. Ljman Wilson, all through a long and useful life, posses.scd the confidence and esteem of his fellow-townsmen, and the love and affection of a large circle of relatives and friends. Ruth Wilson, his widow, is still living at the advanced age of seventy-seven years, and is in the enjoyment of good health and in po,ssos.«ion of all her faculties. She is the honored member of the family of her son Warren, who now occupies with his mother the old homestead. To the readers of this work — to the acquaintances, friends, and relatives of the family — this page is affection- ately dedicated as a monument to the memory, and a tribute of respect to one of the old pioneer families of Jefferson County. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 485 ( ^ '^ I JDII.V STRICKLAND. MRS. JOU.\ STRICKLAND. JOHN STRICKLAND, Sr., was born in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1757, of English parents. When at the age of fifty, in the year 1809, he, with his wife and ten children, emigrated to Jefferson County and settled in Philadelphia, in the town of Le Hay. Throe of the sons had emigrated a year previous. Others soon followed, and the settlement was known as the Friends' settlement, as most of the settlers belonged to that society. Possessed of a strong constitution, persevering industry, a kind and cheer- ful disposition, and believing and practicing the peaceful doctrines of Penn, Mr. Strickland was a fit man for a pio- neer in a new country. He erected the first frame hou.se in the town of riiiladeliihia ; also one of the first flouring- miils. To him is the town indebted for many of its earliest improvements, atid for nearly forty years was engaged in active business. When he came, in 1809, he brought with him from Pennsylvania a sum exceeding §25,000 cash. With this he purcha.sed 5000 acres of land in Philadel- phia, taking only selected lots, for which he paid S3 to $5 per acre. During the succeeding war with England, he, with his son-in law, Samuel Case, was largely engaged in furnishing provisions for the army, for a considerable por- tion of which they were unable ever to obtain paj- from the government. Besides this, the sudden declaration of peace left on their hands large quantities of supplies, for which they realized less than h.ilf their first cost. Those disasters compelled him to dispose of his real estate, which, under the forced sale, brought so little that, after paying dollar for dollar of his indebtedness, he was was left with a bare 220 acres (a half lot) out of all the broad tracts whiili, if he could have retained them, would have made him one of the wealthiest men of Jefferson County. He departed this life on the 15th of September, 1849, aged ninety-two years. He left behind him for a se;ison the partner of his youth and old age, for they had trod together the path of life and shared its joys and sorrows for sixty-six years, and as pio- neers in a new country their trials and hardships were many. He left behind him also ten children and a numer- ous family of descendants, even to the fifth generation. During his last illness no murmur pa.ssed his lips. Ilis only wish was to depart, and peaceful as an infant going to sleep did the spirit of that aged man take its flight to its eternal home. He was married at the age of twenty-five to Margaret Stout, Feb. G, 17S2, a lady of German descent. She bore him the following-named children, viz., p]lizabeth, John, Jr., Sarah, Deborah, Ann, Mahlon, Margaret, Rachel, Miles, Martha, and Seth. Elizabeth became the wife of Thomas Townsend, April 17, ISOO, and resided and died at Lowville, Lewis Co., N. Y. John, Jr., w;is married to Rachel Townsend, April 9, 180G, resided and died at Philadelphia, Jeffersim Co., N. Y. Sarah became the wife of Ezra Comly, of Byberry, Pennsylvania, where she resided and died. Ann became the wife of Edmund Tucker, of Pliiladeljihia, Jefferson Co., N. Y., on March 19, 1819. where she resided until her death. Mahlon was married to Mary Rogers, of Philadel- phia, Jefferson Co., Feb. 4, 1819, where she resided all 4SG HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. her life. Margaret was married to Samuel Case, in 1813. Rachel was married to Samuel Rogers, of Philadelpliia, Jefferson Co., Jan. 5, 1824, where she resided all her life. Miles married, on Oct. lit, 18:!8, Harriet A. Bronson, and is now living in the city of Wutertown. Martha became the wife, on Sept. 3, 1829, of Robert Gray, deceased, of Sparta, Wisconsin, where she died, and S<'tli was married on Jan. 27, 1835, to Miss Ann J. Bones, of I'hiladclphia, Jefferson Co., N. Y. Of this numerous iamily of children all lived to old age, and the most of whom have left large families of descendants. Margaret, the mother uf this old pioneer family, died at Philadelphia, Oct. IG, 1853, leaving to her numerous descendants the record of a long and useful life. To the friends and relatives of this noble pair of old pio- neers, and to the readers of this work, this page, containing the portraits of John and Margaret Strickland, is presented as a memorial to the lives and characters of a class of noble men and women that are now fast disappearing from the knowledge of the present geueratiou. ERASTUS WHITNEY. Mason Whitney, the father of our subject, was born in 17G5, and was married to Dolly Rawson. They became the parents of five children. Dolly died in 1802, at the age of thirty-five. In 1806 Mr. Mason Whitney married Miss Eunice Babcock. There were two children by this union. Erastus, the third child by the first marriage, was born July 13, 1707, in Herkimer Co., N. Y. When he was eighteen years of age he bought his time of his father, and with but a cjuarter of a dohar in his pocket started out for himself. He made his way into Jefferson County, and went to work clearing land by the job. This was about the year 1824. After a few year.s he accumulated enough to buy a piece of land in the town of Theresa, which, af\er a year or two, he sold. He soon after took a job of clearing land for Moses Chadvvick, in I'hiladel])hia. While on this job he found time to court and marry Betsey, the daughter of his employer. They were married June 4, 1826. He soon after bought a farm in Philadelphia, which was ever afler his home until his death, which occurred October 16, 1854. Betsey Whitney died September 3, 1872, having exemi)lifiecl in a long life her faith in (lod by a practical exercise of the Christian virtues. Of the eight children, n.imed as follows: William M., Seymour M., Marion 11., Mason, Harriet M., Ann E., George E., and Duane L , all are living except Mason and Duane. William M., the eldest son. now owns and occupies the old home. lie was born March 18, 1827. He received a good English education, anil was reared a farmer. He has spent much of his time in his younger years as a teacher. He has added to the farm since his father's death, so that it now comprises 350 acres. We present in this work a view of the old home of the Whitneys as a land-mark to future gencralinns. EDMUND TUCKER. The subject of this sketch was horn in Gianville, Wash- ington Co., N. Y., July 30, 1703, of Quaker parentage. Unfortunately for him, when six years old, his father died, leaving the family with limited resources. Owing to this circumstance ho went to live in the family of his uncle, Isaiah Dean. Having acf|uired a common-school education, he began the occupation of surveying and book-keeping, and by diligence and perseverance u)anagcd to work his own way and assist in the su]i])ort of his widowed mother and two sisters, Abigail and Hannah. In the year 1816 he came into this county and entered Lc Ray's ofhco at Le Ilaysville as book-keeper, surveyor, and land-agent. And as immigration was tending to this new county, Mr. Tucker was engaged in soiling and sur- veying lands in the towns of Le Ray, Philadcl|ihia, Theresa, Alexandria, and Wilna. Mr. Tucker was married, March 19, 1810, to Ann Strick- land, daughter of John Strickland, Sr., and settled in the village of Philadelphia, where he afterwards lived and died. There were six children born to them, — Joseph, Hannah, John, Margaret, George E., and ^latilda. John was drowned in Indian river, in 1827, and in the same year Joseph and Hannah died, leaving the parents at the time childless. The other three are now living. George E., married to Mary G. Lamb, of Ogdensburgh, N. Y., occu- pies the homestead in Philadelphia; Margaret married Elijah S. Coon, and Matilda married Henry B. Mosher, both now living in Watertown. In 1828, Mr. Tucker erected a brick residence, the only one in town. He also rebuilt the gri.st-mill and carried on the flouring business for a number of years and to his death in company with his brt)thcr-iii-law, Miles Strickland. He held several offices of trust in his town, including that of postmaster from the time the office was established till his death ; and although not a ]iolitician nor an aspi- rant for official honors, he, in 182(), was nominated for member of Assembly on the ticket headed with De Witt Clinton for governor, without asking or desiring the nomi- nation. His death occurred Jan. 6, 1836, of consumption, at the age of forty-two years. And during the remainder of her lonely life his numrning widow observed every anniversary of his death, keeping each, with her children, in mourning and sacred reverence to his memory ; and its last occurrence, a shiirt time before her death, was as consecrated as the first. Mr. Tucker belongeil to the society of Friends, was strongly devoted to the cause of religion, and was a regular attendant upon their meetings of worship as long as his health would admit. His manner was quiet and uiuis- sumiiig, his disposition mild, and his character uni|ucstion able, endearing him to many friends. In his death his family lost a loving and devoted husband and father, the church and religion a worthy and consistent advocate, and the community a kind and beneficial meudjer. .\li who were associated with him in business or social relation will cherish his memory to the end re.served on the higher lands ; while along the streams are belt.s of hemlock, giving the country a varied and most beautiful aspect. Before the land was cleared the timber products were the principal sources of revenue, supplying many asheries, saw-mills, and tan- neries. In the northwestern part of the town is Dry Hill, having an elevation several hundred feet above the general level, on which are indications of the existence of a series of fortifications, leading to the belief that a prehistoric people had occupied this countr}-. These remains will be further noted in another portion of this work. SUaVEVS AXI) .SETTLK.MENTS. The first survey of the town was made about 1798, by Benjamin Wright. In .some notes published by him, he records his impressions of the town : No. 7, as being '• pretty level, with gentle a.scents and some hills; and that Sandy creek is a fine stream, with some good mill-seats." Jo.seph Crary made surveys several ye.irs later, in 1800. The town was divided into fifty-six lots of irregular size, which were generally subdivided into quarters, the original division being known as a great lot. The land varied somcwh.il in price, but was generally sold at S3. 50 per acre by Silas Slow, of Lowville, who, as the agent of Harrison and Hoffman, opened the town for settlement in 18111. In the spring and summer of that year, An.son and Ebenozer Moody, Jonathan. Noah, and Aaron Davis, Simeon Hunt, Benjamin Thomas, and Wil- liam Rice came in, built log houses, and made small clear- ings. In September Mrs. K. Moody came to join her hus- band, and was the first white woman that settled in the town. A few months later she gave birth to a son, which was the first child born in Rodman. In accordance with a promise of Mr. Harrison to give 100 acres of land to the first-born child, the boy was named Walter Harrison Moody in honor of his prospective benefactor. The child died at the age of three years, before having received the land, but Mr. Moody soon after received a title for fifty acres. The Moody's remained citizens of Rodman for many years, and some of the younger members of the original families still live in the town. William Rice became a prominent citi- zen, but removed in the course of fifteen yeai-s. Simeon Hunt lived there until his death, about 1830 ; and the Davis families are well remembered by many citizens of the present time. On September 4, 1802, Timothy Greenly, from Litch- field, New York, purcha.sed 2G<)9J acres in the southea.stern part of the town, at eighteen shillings per acre. He soon after moved upon a portion of his land, where he lived, a prominent, useful citizen, until his death, February 19, 1852. Thomas White, also from Litchfield, came in 18112, and settled on Sandy creek, at what is now Whitesville. He was a sub-agent for the town several years, and moved to the west in 1810. Daniel Todd, from Connecticut, came the same year, and settled near White's. He had .seven sons, three of whom, David, Daniel, and Enoch L., still reside in the town. The elder Todd died in 18G7. He was a respectable and useful citizen. William Dodge set- tled on lot 13 the year following, where he reared three sons, John, Chester, and Sylvester. The latter was killed in September, 1851, by being thrown from a wagon while 487 • 488 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. on the way to Watertown. A son, W. S., now resides on the homestead. Reuben Smith found a home on lot 13 this year. He was an active man, and built several mills. Among others who came to Rodman in that and the follow- ing year were John Peck, on lot 15; John Fa.sset, on lot 14, whose son John lives on the homestead ; Jonathan Wyman, from New Hampshire, on lot 12, where he died in 1823, leaving a son, 0. C. Wyman, who was a member of the legislature ; and the IJtleys, John and Nathaniel, who settled on lot 18 ; a son of the former now resides at Rod- man village. The books of the land-holders show the following addi- tional names of those who contracted for land under date of December 1 , 1804 : Jesse Smith. Aaron Moody, Horace Townsend, Jo.seph Niekles, Arnold Stone, Nathan White- man, Avery Wallsworth, Joseph Dana, Titus King, Thad- rick Case, Leonard Farewell, Joshua Tinney, John Vaughan, and Leonard Barker; and in 1805 Buel and Westcott, Nathan Freeman, Hawks and French, Pierce and Lampson, Wright, Mead, and others made purchases. In 1807, Asa Cooley, from Whitinghatn, Yt., settled on lot 28, where he lived a life of great usefulness until his death, in Mnri-h, 1854. Of his family, a son, Elani, is the only survivor. Abner Fuller made a home on lot 1 the s;ime year. From 1804 to 1810 the town settled very rapidly, and it will be impossible to note all those who became citizens. The Gates' were among the most promi- nent in the western part of the town, and have some repre- sentatives still residing there. Others who became well known were Ziba Buel. Stephen Cook, Jesse Wright. John Buttcrfield, Jcjhn Burton, Jacob Heath, Nathaniel Harring- ton, Solomon, Joseph, and Job Priest, all of whom aided in developing the new town. Besides those already men- tioned the town books show the names of the following, who were in Rodman as active citizens prior to 1811 : Bazaleel Glcason, Roswcll Blanchard, Luther Eastman, Peter Yandes, Beloved Rhodes, Cyrus H. Stone, Isaiah Post, Calvin Clifford, George H. Thomas, Elijah Rus.sell, Enoch Murry, Caleb Woodward, Zachariah Wallsworth, p]phras Moody, Abel Loveland, Timothy Underwood, Abi- jah Kellogg, Stoddart Eastman, Nathaniel Treniaine, Greene Kellogg, Amariah Babbitt, Heinan Swift, Titus King, Luther Woodworth, Barnard M. Warren, Aaron Loomis, Reuben Tretnaine, Ebenezer Blackstone, John Hacket, James Wright, Lyman Lawrence, Thomas Harrington, Nathan Whitman, Winslow G. Tracy, William A. Flint, Daniel Field, Daniel Kinney, Harry Wagoner, John Burr, Samuel Ralph, Joseph Pratt, Alanson Cuniinins, Charles Parmeter, Alvin Buck, Ansel Brainard, Benoni Edwards, Samuel Kclscy, Return Russell, Philo Booth, James Glass, Asa Hill. In 1811, Willard M. Winslow settled in the town; in 1813, William Sill; and about the same time Abel Cole and Nathan Strong, all becoming prominent in the history of Rodman, the latter two having been members of the legislature, — Cole in 1818, and Strong in 1832. Cole was also a judge in 1815. This rapid settlement of the town prevented much of the hardshi]) which usually attends the o])ening of a new coun- try, and nothing noteworthy transpired until 1813, when the town was visited by a severe and fatal epidemic, which caused the death of sixty persons within a period of three months. It was a .species of pneumonia typhoiJes, and its attacks were so sudden and severe that death often ensued in a few hours. In about one-third of the cases the disease attacked the head, and in the remainder the lungs. While it was epidemic it was not contagious, but seemed to attack all, regardless of age, ses, or condition of life. This afflic- tion awakened the strongest .sympathy, and a willingness to divide the burdens and misfortunes arising from it was manifest to an unusual degree. If any one was sick and unable to attend to his duties, his work was always done by the neighbors, who rallied in force for this purpose. Indeed, this neighborly feeling was generally prevalent. If one chanced to kill a deer or any of the game then common, the meat was uniformly shared among the neighbors, and the records of the town show that this spirit extended even to business transactions. A bank having failed, of whose issue the collector had a five-dollar bill, paid to him for taxes, the town voted that he should not sustain the loss, but that his account be credited with that amount. And other instances occur where this friendly feeling prompted to generous deeds. In 1826 it became known that the family of Win. (ilass was in destitute circumstances. It was accordingly voted that the town furnish a cow, from the proceeds of which they might procure the necessaries of life. The provision for the support of the poor, also, was ample, as is attested b}"^ the appropriations, S170 having been voted for this purpose in 1816. EARLY TAVERNS AND STORES. Simeon Hunt was the first inn-keeper. His tavern was kept in a log house at the mouth of the Gulf stream. It was the usual place for holding town meetings, and was a prominent point along the Sandy Creek road, between Zoar and Whitesville. About a mile-'below the latter place was a large frame hotel, kept at an early day by Benjamin Still- man. The building still stands, though unused. Michael Ilenster and Joshua Priest kept a store on Dry Hill, in the early settlement of the country. The building which they occupied is at present used as a wood-house by Franklin Woodward. At this place Nathaniel Harrington laid a wager that he could lift a hogshead of whisky with two men seated upon it, which feat he successfully accomplished. THE MANUFACTURING INTERESTS of Rodman outside of its villages, though not numerous, are of sufficient importance to recjuire mention. As early as 1809, Howe Nichols built a saw-mill, and later a small grist-mill, on Sandy creek, above Zoar, which did service for twenty odd years. Reuben Smith also built a saw-mill at Boyington's crossing, and after that was destroyed anoth■'-■: ■ j,U!^^^m»j 'S^ Rodman ,JurERSON Co., W. K HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 489 is the present proprietor, and the mill has a fair capacity. Neiir this place were Heath's saw-mills and cloth-works, liuilt by Abrara Burr, which were destroyed by a freshet, and not rebuilt. On Fish creek were several small mills, and there is one at present owned by D. Whitcomb. Near the centre of the town, on Gulf stream, is a first- class saw-mill, liavinjr 1(I,d to the heirs of Nathan Strong. The ruins of the building yet remain, being used for a general storehouse. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS. Among those who participated in the struggle for American independence was Ephraim Wright, a New Englander, who died about I860; John Russell and Elijah Walsworth ; John Parker, who served all through the war, and who resided in the town until his death, about 1850 ; and William Dodge, who enlisted the second year of the war and served to its close. He died March 7, 1827, aged sixty-nine years. The War of 1812 found the citizens of Rodman ready to respond to the call of their country, and many of them rendered efficient service. " The alarm of the first attack on Sacket's Harbor reached this town on the Sabbath, and created a great excitement. On the day following there was formed a Silver Gray com- pany, of men not required to perform military duty. Nathan Strong was chosen captain. Simeon Hunt lieutenant, and Sheldon Hopkins ensign. It numbered about GO men, and on one occasion repaired to Sacket's Harbor, but was never armed or called into service. In the drafts upon the militia during the war this town sustained its full share, and but few persons left through fear. The Silver Grays, in their 492 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. articles of association, agreed to march to any place within 50 miles of home."* WHITESVILLE is a quiet village of a few score inhabitants, on Sandy creek, about five miles above Rodman village, and near the ea.stern line of the town. It was founded in 1802 by Thomas White, from whom it takes its name. In 1803 he built a grist-mill at this point, which was the first in the town. After being repaired a number of times, it was destroyed by fire in the spring of 1874. It was replaced by a mill which had been erected several years previous by Jacob Van Buskirk, but which had not been operated, which was moved upon the old site. The present mill has two run of stone, giving it a capacity of 250 bushels per day, and is owned by Wilford Waite. A saw-mill close by is operated by Dennis Waite. Daniel Todd erected a tannery in 180G, which was burned soon after, but was again rebuilt and conducted by him several years. Mr. Todd also manufactured shoes, having the first shop in town. Peter Yandes built a distillery at an early day, the only one ever at the place. A small carding-mill was operated here about the same time, and a pottery, by Jared Dewey, was worked a number of years. Taverns were kept about 1808-14 by Peter Yandes, Archibald Jones, and others. The latter was also the first black.«mith. Jones' tavern was destroyed by fire about 1847. The other tavern had many additions built to it until its pre-sent proportions were reached. D. C. Waite is the present landlord. A store wa.s kept at this place by a Mr. Booth, Gilbert and Waite, and Hancock & Gardner. While in the latter's possession the property was destroyed by fire. The house was rebuilt, and a store opened by Smith & Co. David Gordinier is at present the only one in trade at Whitesvillo. Archibald Jones, Jacob Van Bu.skirk, and Lewis Reed had black.«mith-sliops. David Knapp at present carries on the trade in a shop erected by the latter. D. C. Waite opened a wagon-shop in 1852, in which he has carried on his trade ever since. Among the jihysicians located at Whitesville were Doctors Woodman and Potter, neither of whom remained a great length of time. A post-office was established here about 1821, and called East Rodman, which name it still bears. Harrison Dean is the postmaster, and the mail service is from Watertown via Burrville. THE EAST RODMAN CORNET BAND was organized in 1871, and reorganized iu 187G, with twelve members, and D. II. Way, leader. ZOAR, sometimes called Unionville, on Sandy creek, one mile above Rodman village, was at one time a place of consider- able importance. Subsequently it diminished as Rodman increased in size. Time was when tliere were two stores at * Hough's ilistory. the same time, among the merchants being Blood & Cole, Nathan Brown, Leonard D. Mansfield, Samuel Dyer, Simeon Heath, and Zeba Buell. At present no one is engaged in mercantile pursuits in the place. A hotel was kept by L. D. Mansfield, and another at the same time by Ransom Moody. Cyrus Flint was the last to keep a public-house. Saw- and grist-mills were built about 1815, by Abel Cole, the latter being operated about twenty-five years, when it was destroyed by fire; the .saw-mill had met a similar fate years before, but was rebuilt and worked several years, when it was abandoned. Henry Emerson manufactured cloth- and nap-hats in 1830, but soon discontinued for want of patron- age ; and Simeon Heath had a fulling-mill and cloth-dresser in successful operation several years. Benjamin Greene had begun the manufacture of head-stones, using the rock found in the creek, but discontinued because the material proved worthless. Workers in wood and iron abounded, among them being D. C. Waite and Wm. Vanderwort. Francis Butts is the present smith. A large butter-tub factory was built about 1850, by Eras- tus Curley, which soon after became a general machine- shop, and in later years was changed to a vinegar-factory, although a portion of the building is still used as a wood- work shop. Dr. Peck ministered to those spiritually sick, as well as those having bodily ailments, and was the only physician ever located at Zoar. The place is now .simply a cluster of houses, and all of those who participated in its former activity have passed away. RODMAN, the most important village, has nearly four hundred inhab- itants, and is delightfully located on Sandy creek, five miles above Adams. There are several fine business blocks and numerous handsome private residences. The village is neatly kept, and its inhabitants are noted for their intelli- gence and enterprise. Among the first settlers at this point were Simeon Hunt and William Rice. The former built a tavern a little above the village, and the latter was the first to build saw- and grist-mills, about 1806. The present grist-mill is on the old site, a portion of the wall of the old building having been used in this mill, which ha-s been reconstructed twice. There is water-power a part of the time, and an engine is used the remainder of the year, to propel the three sets of burrs with which the mill is furnished, and which give it a grinding capacity of five hundred bushels per day. There is also a mill for pearling barley, being, with one exception, the only one in the county. The property is owned and operated by 0. M. Cooley. Herring's Tannery, built about 1840, by Joseph Brown, and for many years the property of H. Herring, is just be- low the mill. It is an extensive establishment, employing from 8 to 12 hands, and having thirty large vats. The an- nual product is about 200(( sides and 25,000 calf-skins. The Rodman Carriage- Works were established in 1S64 by R. 1\I. Maloney & Co. Employment is given to eight hands, and every description of work is produced in a well- appointed shop. The " American Milk-Pan and Cooler," invented by F. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 493 W. Pierce, and patented Jan. 19, 1S7C, is manufactured by Hughs, Pierce & Co. The cooler has been practically tested in many creameries, and in Jefferson County alone over a bundled are used with i;ratityiM|^ success. Their manu- facture at Rodman forms an important industry. Blacksmith- and wagon-shops were opened at an early day by John Parker, Behm Palmer, and others. David Heu.slis carried on the trade fifty-two years. A hotel was built by Nathan Strong, about 1820, which was used many years, u portion of the house now forming the dwelling of Zebu Buell. The present hotel is in the Allport block, and is a large house. Among the first stores at Rodman were those of Samuel C. Kcnaday and William Sill, during the War of 1812. Nathan Strong was also for a long time in trade. Many changes have attended the mercantile interests of the vil- lage, and the present business is transacted b_v the following firms: Hughs and Pieree, hardware; Lyon & Wynian, L. W. Cooley, and J. P. Billings, general merchandise ; C. H. Tuttle, boots and shoes; Gifford Brown, William Gilbert & Son, groceries ; E. S. Paine, harness ; J. F. Spear, sash and blinds; N. Keegan, Uiilor; Miss A. H. Lewis, milliner; John Mack, James Charters, .shoemakers ; W. S. Hard, wagoner; G. W. Booth, blacksmith; Webster Heath, sur- veyor; Wa.xhburne Bros., hotel; II. Herring, tanner; 0. M. Coolcy, miller ; and R. M. Maloney & Co., carriage- builders. " Allport's Hall," in Allport's block, is a large room used for public gatherings, with a seating cjipacity for 700 per- sons. The Rodman post-office was established about 1816, with Nathan Strong, postmaster. In 1821 a mail-route was or- dered through this place, from Adams to Copenhagen. The office has at present a daily service from Adams Centre, and L. W. Cooley is postmaster. Among the physicians located at Rodman, Isaac S. Wood was the most prominent, having been in practice there until his death, — about forty years. William Christie succeeded him, and he and J. Daab are the present practitioners. A Masonic lodge was established at Rodman, June 5, 1824. It was known as '■ Union, No. 397," and had 45 members, with Levi Heath, W. M. ; Wm. McKinstry, S. W., and Philon Parker, J. W. The lodge went down about 1828, and the fine jewels and other property whieh had been accumulated was distributed among the members. When the new lodge got into working order, this property was gathered in, until at present the order has again possession of these mementos of the time when it tried men's souls to be a Mason. A dispensiition to organize " Rodman Lodge, No. 5(l6." was granted Aug., IStiO, and on the 11th of June, IStJl, was chartered, with the following officers and members: O. M. Cooley, M. ; A. C. Hughs, S. W. ; 0. E. Winslow, J. W. Herman Strong, D. M. Waite, Almanson Tibbett.s, Orville Strung, W. H, Andrus, W. S. ITurd, Ira Cooley, John Marshall, Nathan Strong, Lester Lovelace, 0. L. Tibbetts, A. R. Ralph, E. II. Woolcut, A. L. Angel, M. Slaughter, and G. W. Tremaiiie. This membership h;is increased to 186, with R. M. Ma- loney, M. ; J. B. Lyon, S. W. ; and A. C. Hughs, Sec'y. The meetings are held in a large and well-furnished hall, in Allport and Hughs' block. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HENRY GORDINIER. The father of our subject, whose name was also Henry, settled in the town of Rodman, Jefferson County, at the close of the War of 1812. He fought as a .soldier all through that war, and at its close bought 50 acres of wild land and settled on it, where he continued to live until his death, which occurred in 1818. He left a wife and three young daughters. Henry, the youngest child, was born a short time after the death of his father. The widow after- wards married David Gordinier, a brother of her deceased husband. She survived until 1860, when her death took place. Henry remained with his mother and attended school until ho was thirteen years old. Meantime, the home farm passed out of the possession of the family, and Henry went out to work and earn his own living among the fiirmers of the vicinity until he was twenty-one years of age, when he was united in marriage with Miss Amelia Maltby, of Rodman, and bought a farm in the town of Theresa, where he farmed for four years. He then sold out and went into partnership with his father-in-law, in Rodman, for five years. He then purchased the old home- stead where his father died, where he has ever since resided. He has by purchttsc added to the old home farm so that it now consists of two hundred acres of as beautiful and fertile farming lands as can be found in Jefferson County. His wife died July 18, 1858, leaving three children, — Orvil M., Minerva H., and Carrie A. His second marriage was with Miss Juliette Woodward, of Rodman, and the fruits of this union are two daughters, — Minnie K. and Anna J. Mr. Gordinier h;is taken his son into joint copartnership with him on the farm. He has been an honored member of the Baptist church for thirty-eight years, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all who know him. We present upon the pages of this work a fine view of his home and portraits of himself and wives, as a memento to his relatives and friends in Jefiersou County. HARRY HARRINGTON is of Scottish origin. His grandfather, Caleb Harrington, was a native of Vermont, and was the father of five children, — three sons and two daughters. Nathaniel, the father of Harry, was born in Vermont in 1785. In the year 1800, at the age of twenty-one, he penetrated into the wilds of Jefferson County in quest of game, and was engaged for several years in hunting, fishing, etc. During this time he selected a spot for his future home in the present town of Rodman. In the year 1808 he was mar- ried to Miss Diana Edmunds, daughter of Judge Edmunds, of Jefferson County'. Soon after his marriage he built a log house on his location, and commenced clearing up the farm on which he ever afterwards resided. He at first 494 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. owned 100 acres, but by subsequent purchases he increased it to 300 acres. He became the father of nine children, named as follows: Sally, Betsey, Electa, Ruth, Eri, Riley, Nathaniel, Harry, and Franklin. Of these, three sons and two daughters are at this time living and have families. Mr. Nathaniel Harrington died, at the advanced age of eighty-five years, in 1870. His wife died at the age of sixty-four. Harry was born Sept. 16, 1824, and was reared a farmer. He remained at home, assi.sting in the labors of the farm, until he was twenty-six years of age. He was united iu marriage to Miss Frances M. Freeman, of Rodman, Sept. 18, 1848. In 1850 he became the owner of a part of the old home farm and erected a house on it, in which he has ever since resided. On Jan. 2, 1852, the hearts of this couple were made glad by the birth of the only child they have had, — a daughter, named Mary F. She grew up a bright and charming young lady, and was the light and life of the household, and loved and esteemed by all who knew her. At the age of eighteen, on Sept. 28, 1870, she became the wife of Mr. Dillin ; but her married life was short, as she departed this life on Nov. 23, 1876, leaving an only daughter, named Florence M. Dillin, now five years of age. We present our readers, in the pages of this work, a fine view of the home of Harry Harrington and the portraits of him.self, wife, and deceased daughter, with a view of the resting-place of this young mother, in the cemetery at the old Adams Baptist church. Mr. Harrington and his estimable wife have for many years been worthy members of the Baptist church, as was also his father before him. We give this brief notice of an old pioneer family of Jefierson County. GEORGE GATES. Among the many fim; old pionec^r farm-homes of Jeffer- son County, we would call particular attention to that of the late George Gates, now owned and occupied jointly by his three children. The farm consists of 300 acres, about one mile west of the village of Rodman, and is noted for its fertility and productive fjualities. Mr. George A. Gates occupies the residence erected by his father in 1863, and Simeon, the other son, has erected, at a few rods' distance, one of the finest residences in the county. A beautiful view of both, with the commodious outbuildings and sur- roundings, may be found elsewhere in the pages of this work. George was the eldest son of Silas Gates, who in 1810 emigrated from Massachusetts to Jefferson Co., N. Y. He was born at Petersham, Worcester Co., Mass., April 3, 1787, where his early years were spent. In the year 1815 he was united in marriage with Miss Pamelia Hunt, of Vermont, and the same year settled on the farm on which he resided all his life. The fruits of this marriage were three children, — George A , Eliza, and Simeon H. On April 25, 1854, this estimable wife and mother died, at the age of sixty-eight years. Jlr. George Gates by industry and integrity became wealthy, and at the date of his death was reputed to be the richest man in the town of Rodman. But with all his wealth he was most singularly free from the arrogance and pride so often engendered by the possession of riches. He was for over fifty years an exemplary and honored member of the Congregational church of Rodman, and at various times held offices and positions of trust in the county and State. In the latter years of his life he was sererely afllicted with rheumatism, and required and re- ceived the most devoted care and attention of his children. He passed to his rest on April 10, 1871, leaving to his children a fine fortune in lands and property, but a still richer inheritance in their memories of a long life of honor- able usefulness. George A. was married to 3Iiss JIartha Green, of Rod- man, Jan. 27, 1864. They have no children. Eliza is unmarried, and lives with her brother George. Simeim H. was married Feb. 21, 1855, to Miss Eunice T. Babbitt, who died the same year, on the ninth day of December. He was married to Miss Ellen E. Wood, his pre.scnt wife, December 13, 1863, by whom he is the father of three children, — Charles W., Anna II., and S. Harold. Since the decease of their father these three children liave jointly owned and occupied the farm and fortune left them by their father, — all working together in harmony and unity of interests. The two sons, George and Simeon, are much respected and est^jemed for their sterling worth and honor- able character. George A. has acted as one of the magis- trates of his town for nearly thirty years, and has also served as supervisor and in many other positions of trust and responsibility. f^ESiDENCE of John S Sill, ' riK>^ South east > (■ rJfOM tiof^Tt^ wcsr j :o . ti. Y. RUTLAND. The name of this town was selected at a town-meeting held for tho purpose, and was suggested by settlers from Rutland, in Vcnuont. This town was surveyed by Benjamin Wright, in 1796, into 57 lots of about 500 acres each, and in 1799 he sub- divided these into quarters. This town, having fallen to the share of Wm. Henderson in the division of the Black River Tract, was first opened for settlement by his agent, Asher Miller,* of Middletown, Conn., whom he employed June 6, 1799, to remove to the town and commence improvements. As a consideration, he was allowed the choice of 500 acres wherever he might se- lect, and at a very reduced rate. Accordingly, in July, Miller opened a road from the river to near the centre of the town, and fixed his residence and location near the small lake, about a mile east of Rutland Village. From a memorandum made by him we derive the following names of purchasers during the years 1799, 1800, 1801, from which it will be seen that the town settled with great rapidity, mostly by emigrants from New England. Nearly all of these men are now dead. The number of acres taken by each is appended. In 1799, Levi Butterfield (September 21), 172 ; Perley Keyes, Amos Stebbins, and William Keyes (October 3), 343 ; David Coflfeen (November 1), 391 ; Goldsmith Cof- feen, 312; Raphael Porter, 213 ; Israel Wright, 98; Jon- athan and Clark Boss, 161 ; James Killiam, 141 ; Charles Kelsey, 116; Jeptha King, 137; John Dole, 154; Gard- ner Cleveland, 242 ; Warren Foster, 142 ; John Cotes, 134 (November 6). In 1800, in June, John Earl, Jr., 120; Nathan Green, 128; Robert Jeroms, 145; Isaac and Caleb Corp, 196; in July, Henry Houk, 130 ; in autumn, John Earl, 134 ; Danford Earl, 113; Simeon Munson, 89; Mathias Houk, 135 ; Alford Comins, 94 ; Charles Comins, 128 ; Solomon Tuttle, 233; Chauncey Rawson, 122; Gershom Tuttle, 276 ; Abel Sherman, 229 ; Kenyon Larkin, 352 ; Peter Cook, 92 ; Ezekicl Andrews, 144 ; Rose, Welch, 155 ; Lot McClure, 72 ; Isaiah Bailey, 50 ; Luther Foot, 137; Enos Sanford, 141 ; Jacob A. Williams, 108; Amos Barnes (2d), 97 ; Stephen Kemball, 97 ; Vernon Huston, 193 ; Elijah Beech, 80 ; Thomas Lee, 61 ; Daniel Russell, 75; Turner Ellis, 160; Joseph Patterson, 122; Silas Pierce, 100; Benjamin White, 53; James Murray, 125 ; Abner White, 51 ; Thomas M. Converse, 78 ; Brayton, Swan, 93 ; Jonathan Hill, Frederick Tyler, 146 ; John Stanley, 136 ; Stephen Cummins, 146 ; Andrew * Asber Miller retarncd to Middletown, where he died, Dec, 24, 1821, being at that time mayor of the city. Stafford, 116; James Stafford, 106; William H. Stevens, 81 ; Dr. Phillips, 197 ; Henry Allen, 106 ; Elisha Ludden, 261; Philip H. Hinman,269; Thomas Hosmer, 225 ; Peter Wright, 118; Erastus Maltby, 158; Chandler Maltby, 151 ; Roger Williams, 291 ; George White, 266 ; Benjamin Pike, 170: Clift French, 105. In 1801, William Coffeen, 257 ; Thomas Dunton, 328; John Patterson, 130; Alexander Warner, 74; Joseph Wakefield, 98 ; Jesse Hale, Asa and Luther Brown, 100 ; Josiah Osmer, Luther W. Dexter, 120; Samuel Tread way, 178 ; Orange Eno, 68 ; James Morse, 68 ; Levi Hare. 155 ; Joseph Underwood, 133; John Smith. 121; David Staf- ford, 118; Thomas Starkweather, 103 ; Joseph Ludden, 124; Thomas Hill. 112; Caleb Harri.s, 114; Reuben Scott, Wcssel, Johnson, 651 ; Asher Bull, 247; Ethan Newton, 130 ; Stukely Wicks, 114 ; Jonathan Covey, 126 ; Job Olmstead, 145 ; Britton, Foster, 173. Without date, but in one of the above years, Jonathan Davis, 93 ; Thinyon Green, 110 ; Charles Hill, 120 ; Jacob Shook, 70 ; Ethan Post, 148 ; Artemus Pike, 135 ; Samuel Parker, 120, The total amount of sales during the three years was 17,540.03 acres, for 850,738.14, the contracts being with- out interest for one year. By much the largest part of the town was thus settled, the unsold portions being along the north and south boundaries. In June, 1803, Abel French succeeded as agent, and the same year sold 2313 acres for S71 12.60. Early in 1804, Henderson as-signed to Dr. Isaac Bronson, of Greenfield, Connecticut, and afterwards of New York, his interest in the town. Dr. Bronson was born in Middlebury, Conn. When a j-outh he studied medicine at Hartford, and at an early age obtained a commission as surgeon on board a mer- chant ship, and sailed for the East Indies, where, by trade, he amassed wealth. On returning, he embarked in land speculations, and, among other things, on the disbandment of the American army at the close of the Revolutionary War. he purchased soldiers' scrip at a great discount, which afterwards rose to par. Soon after the purchase of the town by Dr. Bronson, he appointed Ethel Bronson, his brother, of Middlebury, Conn., agent, to settle in the town and sell lauds. Previous adven- turers had brought back flattering accounts of the country, and New England was filled with the fame of the new and fertile lands of the Black River country. In May, 1804, Ethel Bronson. David Tyler, and Josiah Tyler, with their families, started for their distant home. Three weeks were consumed in the journey, the latter part of which was diffi- cult and jierilous. The roads, lately marked out and lead- ing through almost uninhabited forests, were hardly passable 495 496 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. with teams. Frequent breakages compelled the party to walk, encamp in their wagons, or at the most convenient locality, and subsist on whatever was at hand. Fortunately, however, they suflFered no want of provisions before they reached their destination. Ethel Bronson settled in the centre of the town, David and Josiah Tyler in the northern part ; after whom the village of Tylerville was named. Among the first to settle in this town were Samuel Porter and family, who experienced many hardships, being obliged to Bend to Whitesboro' to mill, a distance of nearly seventy miles, the journey being performed with an ox-team. It is said that straggling Indians infested the settlements when new, and proved annoying by pilfering or openly plunder- ing the property of the settlers in the absence of the men at their work. In 1803 there were but nine farms occupied in or near the Rutland Hollow road. The occupants were William Newton, John Cotes, John Eddy, Morgan Starks, Robert Adams, Stutely Weeks, and three men by the name of Maltby. There were but two families settled between the Hollow and what is now Felt's Mills, namelj', those of Elisha Veber and Jacob Fuller. At the latter place a very few settlers had located. Among tho.se who settled in the north part of the town about this time were Richmond Howland and his brothers, llufus and David, Jonathan Graves, Asa, Elisha, Elias, and Archibald Clark, Asaph Chase, Reuben Scott, David Wilcox, Enoch Eddy and family, and David Veber. Zelotus Harvey had previously settled on the farm now owned by Henry Orvis. He w;is for many years a very prominent and useful citizen of the town, as a teacher, magistrate, supervisor, and inspector of common schools. Among the incidents that retarded the prosperity of many of the settlers of the town was the following : A man by the name of John Harris, having a contract to deliver .spars at either Montreal or Quebec, bought all the nursery-j)ine on the Le Ray plains. Many of the settlers, thinking it a favorable opportunity to get a little ready money (an article very scarce in those days), contracted to deliver the spars on the banks of the river at S5 each. All, except Enoch Eddy and Asa Ne.ss, who delivered 100, after delivering a part failed to i'ulfill their contracts, as it cost much more to deliver them than they were to receive. In floating the spars down Rlack river eleven men were drowned, and those who failed in their contracts were sued by Harris for damages. This reduced many of them to poverty. The father of the present Ezekiel Andrus migrated from Utica to this town in the spring of 1800, bringing with him his family, which consisted of himself and nine chil- dren (his wife having died several years before). His con- veyance was a two-wheel cart, one yoke of oxen, and a horse, — the horse carrying part of the time two and oftentimes three of the girls of the family on their way to the " Black River wildcriies.s." One of the girls aflt^rwards became the wife of Danfoid Earl, another of Warren Spaulding. A bark shanty sheltered the large family until a more com- modious dwelling could be ]irovided. Four of the chidren are still living, the united ages of whom is '.VM years, viz.: Ezekiel, 85 ; Elisha, 83 ; Mrs. Frederick Woodruff, 87 ; Uriah, 81. Ezekiel Andrus is now the oldest living inhabitant, in point of priority of settlement, in Rutland, and among the very oldest in the county, having lived seventy-seven years consecutively in the same town. Allan and Gershom Tattle came a few years later. Joseph Russell came " on a look" in 1800, and permanently in 1802, and located on what is now the Stebbins farm. He died recently at the age of ninety-six, and was for some years the oldest man in the town. Peter Thompson, now the oldest man living in town, was born in 1782, and came to Rutland in March, 1816. Among other early settlers might be mentioned Asa Clark, who was born on the farm his father settled Decem- ber 10, 1806. Asa Clark, Sr., came to the town in 1804, and brought his family from Vermont in 180G. He died in March, 1854. Elisha and Archibald Clark came in about the same time. Trustrin Frink, Andrew Middleton and his four sons, Robert, John, Andrew, and Samuel ; Renel Randall, father of John D. Randall ; L. D. Olney, James, Samuel, and John L. Wilson. In the central part of the town, Joseph Hopkins, fttther of Henry and grandfather of Henry T. Hopkins ; Daniel Eames, C. P. Kimball, M.D., Alexander Warner, Robert Hardy, Andrew Dunlap, Wil- liam and David Howland, Asa Parkinson, father of Phin- eas and James Parkinson ; John Stebbins, father of Lyman Stebbins ; Joel Webb, father of Arnold Webb, who was born on the place upon which he now resides nearly three- score and ten years ago ; Eli Kellog, and Sylvester, his son, now proprietor of the hotel at Tylerville. The pioneers of Rutland were mostly from the New England States, and were generally intelligent, robust, and industrious. They were distinguished for their sound common sense, their love of justice, and an admixture of singular Puriuin simplicity, as seen by reference to their early religious records. They took an active part in the educational and moral development of their adopted resi- dence, and were in the main a capital class of people for the settlement of a new country. They were generally poor, but, being thrifty, they usually overcame the difficulties of their position ; and those who became permanent settlers got along nicely, financially and otherwise. GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL PHENOMENA. There are several deeply-interesting geological features in this town, which are due to the latest, and, indeed, almost the last, of the agencies which have modified the earth's surface. Acro.ss the northern part of the town, nearly par- allel with Black river, and about two miles distant, is littt- land UoUuw, a remarkable valley, worn in the limestone, like the valley of a river, but entirely destitute of any run- ning stream that could have produced it. Near the middle is a marshy spot, from which the water flows off in both directions, and then appears to be continued across Water- town, Hounsfield, Adams, and Henderson, to the lake, although in some places interrupted and scarcely perceptible. Along the edge of the terrace of limestone which under- lies the town, and at an elevation of nearly four hundred feet above the lake, is distinctly to be observed the trace of an ancient beach, proving that the lake once washed these bluffs, and covered the low country north and west. Both of these features in geology will be again noticed. r?? iii. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ill? On the Dr. C. P. Kimball farm (now occupied by his son, Henry M. Kimball), near Burrville, is a remarkable copious spring, the .same that i.s mentioned by tiie Rev. John Taylor, in an early mls.sioiiary tour through the country.* In the newly-settled district embraced in townships 2 and 3 the men were mostly in the ])rimc of life, fond of athletic games, and, at their gatherings, would often indulge in amusements that are now nearly obsolete. Among these, wrestling at "square hold" was esteemed as a sport that afforded the fairest test of personal strength and agility, and a successful wrestler would, in those days, accjuire dis- tinction wholly unknown at present. On a certain occasion, about 1803, a bet had been made by a No. 1 min " that his town ( Rutland) could throw everything in No. 2" (Watertown) ; and as this challenge was too direct to be evaded, about a hundred men assembled, by appointment, at G. Tuttle's, in the edge of Rutland, to settle the ques- tion, the victors, besides the consolation of beating their adversaries, being promised all they could eat and drink. After various preliminaries and much discussion, it was agreed that each town should choose a man, and that they would abide by the result of this single contest. David Coffeen was chosen by No. 3, and Turner by No. 2, but after a long trial neither succeeded, and night put an end to the contest. The parties separated, with the agreement that they should settle the question when they next met, which accidentally happened some days after, and the ques- tion of supremacy was decided in favor of Rutland. There does not appear to have been any action taken by the town at their annual meetings during the War of 1S12 with reference to drafting or enlisting men ; but many volunteers and drafted men from the town served in the army. A company of Silver Grays, consisting of about forty, mostly Revolutionary soldiers, whose age exempted them from militia service, was organized under Timothy Tamblin as captain, and Levi Butterfield as lieutenant. They were at Sacket's Harbor for several weeks, and erected near the site of Madison barracks a defense, which was named Ihrt Volunteer. Judge Ethel Bronson continued in the agencj' of his brother's estates in this country till his death in 1825, and in September, Major George White, an active and prominent citizen, who had lived in town almost since its first -settle- ment, was appointed, and continued till the lands were sold and accounts settled with the proprietor. On the 13th of April, 1S4G, the last of the lands were sold, it being an island near the village of Black River. Most of the settlers enumerated in the previous list came in and commenced improvements immediately. FIRST BIRTH — FIRST DEATH. The first child born in the town of Rutland was Harriet, daughter of Charles and Lois Kelsey. She became the wife of Alfred Pardee, who eventually settled at the bend of the river, in Champion. Towards the close of her life she became partially deranged, and finally committed suicide by drowning in Black river in the spring of 1863. The first twin children born in town were Robert and William * Documentary History of New York, vol. iii. p. 1144. 32 Middleton, sons of John Middlcton. Robert died at Felt's Mills ; William is still living. The first death was that of Relief, wife of Francis Tornie, who was killed by lightning, Aug. Iti, 1804. The first physician was Dr. Hugh Henderson, who com- menced practice in the town and vicinity as early as 1802. THE FIRST INN — FIRST MILL. There is a (juestion as to whether Dr. Hugh Henderson or Levi Butterfield opened the first tavern. But as the records show that the town-meetings were held at the house of the latter in 1803, 5, and 'G, it is probable he opened the first public-house, now generally called Rutland Centre. The county map of Burr gives the name of this place as " Brooksville," from Curtis G. Brooks, an earlj' and promi- nent settler, but it has never been known by this name among the inhabitants. The first grist-mill in the town and county was erected in the year 1800 by David Coffeen, who had received a gift of ten acres (to be confirmed when the mill was finished) at the present village of Felt's Mills and on Mill creek, near its mouth. This primitive mill was indeed rude and hum- ble, but Very useful for the settlements throughout the county. It was put in operation in March, 1801, and was resorted to from great distances. The millwright was Samuel Parker, and the first pair of mill-stones were made from bowlders of gnci.ss, found in the vicinity. This mill opened a new era in the business of milling, which had been previously accomplished by pounding in stnnip-niortars rudely scooj)cd out. The first saw-mill in town was erected at Felts Mills in 1801. About the same time the first frame house in town, and one of the very first in the county, was erected by Wolcott Hubbell, on the lot known as the Jacob Tooker lot, now owned by Wm. Roberts, and situated nearly oppo- site Felt's Mills school-house. The remnant of the old structure is now used as a barn. INCIDENTS. An event in the early history of the town that caused much sympathy was the death of Avery Worden. On the afternoon of the 26th of February, 1810, the first .school exhibition held in the town of Rutland was given at Heath's tavern, Rutland Centre. The school was taught by Charles Dayan, afterwards a prominent citizen of Lewis countj', member of congress, .senator, etc. It being something new, the house was crowded with spectators. Ezra Worden and his brother Avery, aged 12, started for home afoot about 6 P.M., the snow being fully five feet deep. The road between the turn west of O. Phillips' and the Hollow road had not been opened that winter. In passing over that part of the road at the top of the hill, Avery became so overcome with cold and weariness that he could go no ftirther. Ezra attempted to draw him through the snow, but only succeeded in drawing him about one hundred rods, when, his strength failing, he was obliged to leave him in order to obtain assistance. He proceeded to Benj. Weeks' house near the Hollow road, where he arrived between eleven and twelve o'clock. Mr. Weeks and Robert Sword put on their snow-shoes and went after Avery, whom they 493 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. found alive, but lie died before he could be got to a house. Ezra became unconscious soon after arriving at Mr. Weeks', and remained so about twelve hours. He was frozen even woi-sc than hi.s brother, and only by superior endurance was his life saved. In connection with the perils of the pioneer life, may here, perhaps not inappropriately, be noticed tliose of one who, at a later period, lived and died in this town. The events happened at an early period and a distant locality, but the account will interest many who were personally acquainted with their heroine : " Mrs. Elizabeth Parkinson, who died in Rutland, June 26, 1822, at the advanced age of 84, was a native of New Hampshire, having married for her first husband Mr. Peter Pour, and with hini moved to the town of Bethel, in the State of Jlaine. Here she was residing with her husband and two children in the year 1781, in the autumn of which year the savages came down upon that recent and defense- less settlement to seek for scalps and plunder. "These savages were instigated to maurauding and mur- derous expeditions by the bounty offered by the British for scalps. They entered the house of Mrs. P., with two of her neighbors already captured and bound, and made inquiry for her husband, who was fortunately absent at the time. After having ate, plundered, and rioted as they pleased, they went in quest of Mr. Poor, and without her knowledge found him, and on his refusing to become their prisoner .shot him and took his .scalp in their sacks. Mrs. P. fled from her house with her children, and waded the Androscoggin at as great a depth as she dared, in order to avoid being traced by the Indians, and at night lodged in the forest. Meanwhile, her husband had been discovered and taken up, and in the first house she dared approach she beheld his mutilated and bloody corpse. This was a heart-rending scene; and yet it was met with Christian fortitude. She was soon composed and .sat down to her Bible, which she had not forgotten to take along with her, and opened the 4i;th I'sahn, and when .she eame to the 10th verse she responded in her heart, ' I will be still.' She buried her husband, tiien took her children with her upon a horse and started for her friends. The road was, at best, only a foot-jiath, winding through a dense fiirest, over hills, and across bridgeless streams. The journey was made as fast as possible by day, and through the night she composed herself as well as she could, being compelled to lodge upon the ground, with no covering but the dense branches of the woods. There were beasts of prey to seek her life, and none to preserve and defend her but her JIaker. " She afterwards married Mr. William Parkinson, with whom she moved to Sharon, in this State. They were indigent in circumstances, and, as usual in new countries, Mr.s. P. endured privations, and labored hard to a.ssist her husband in maintaining the family. She earned some money by weaving, and on Saturday of each week would travel on foot five or eight miles with the articles she had woven, receive her pittance for the work, and return to her family. She afterwards removed to Rutland, where her husband soon died, and where .she finally rests from her labors."* • From an extended obituary notice published in the New Yorlt Obien-er, Doceinbur Ifl, IS42. CIVIL ORGANIZATION. This town, embracing its present limits, or as designated in the original survey as township No. 3, of the Black River Tract, was taken from Watertown April 1, 1802. The first town-meeting was held at the house of David Cof- feen, and adjourned to the house of Levi Butterfield, at next meeting, March 7, 1803. The first town ofiicers chosen were: Henry CofTeen, Supervisor; Jacob A. Wil- liams, Clerk ; Abel Sherman, "j" Zelotus Harvey, William Coffeen, Assessors; Levi Heath, Solomon Thompson, Ger- shoni Tuttle, Commissioners of Highways; Benjamin Eddy, Constable and Collector. In addition to the above there were chosen two pound-ma.sters, three fence-viewers, twelve path-masters, three deer-reeves, six hog-reeves, and a com- mittee of three to settle accounts with Watertown. Wolf bounties of $10 were offered in 1803, '7 '8, '14, and of 815 in 1805-6. Fox bounties of 50 cents in 1816, and of $1 in 1818. In 1811-12 a law was pas.sed re- quiring Canada thistles to be cut "at the full moon, in June, July, and August," under a penalty of one dollar. The list of supervisors from the organization of the town to the present comprises the following names : 1803, David Coffeen; 1804-5, Clift French; 1806, Ethel Bronson (fiiiled to qualify, and Perley Keyes appointed) ; 1807, Ze- lotus Harvey; 1808, Hugh Henderson (at a. special meeting in April, Ethel Bronson to fill vacancy); 1809-13, Judah Williams (in July, 1813, Jonathan Smiley to fill vacancy) ; 1814-20, Jonathan Smiley; 1821-23, Ethel Bronson; 1824-20, Amos Stebbins; 1827-35, Joseph Graves; 1836, John Felt; 1837-40, George White ; 1841-42, Aaron W. Potter; 1843, Joseph Graves; 1844, David Rowland; 1845, Gardner Towne ; 1846-47. Merrill Coburn ; 1848-19, Asa Clark, Jr. ; 1850-52, IMartin L. Graves ; 1853, John Sher- man ; 1854-55, Orlin Whcelock ; 1856-57, George W. Hazelton; 1858-00, Andrew C. Middleton ; 1801-02, George Town; 1803, Asa Clark; 1804-66, George W. HazeUon; 1808, A. C. Middleton; 1809-70, Samuel Frink; 1871-72, William Southworth ; 1873-74, Harlan P. Dunlap; 1875, William Southworth ; 1876-77, George W. Smith. Previous to 1830 Justices of the Peace were appointed by the Governor and Council. We have not been able to ascertain who first received appointments, but among those who served as Justices were Zelotus Harvey, Daniel Eames, Perley Keyes, Ethel Bronson, Archibald Clark, Joseph Graves, Levi Hale, and ]\Ierrill Coburn. The township ofiicers elected at the annual town-meet- ing of the current year (1877) were as follows, namely, George H. Smith, Supervisor; Bj'ron J. Smith, Clerk; Samuel Frink, Jackson Tamblin, Cyrus B. Gipson, John W. Beecher, Justices of the Peace ; Silas Weller, D. W. Wheeler, Warren Jobn.son, Highway Commissioners; Wil- liam Southworth, Asa Clark, Henry T. Hopkins, E. Clem- ents (appointed). Town Auditors; Samuel Frink, Daniel J. Eames, Eli Kellogg (appointed). Inspectors of Election t l>i-. AIm'I .'^iHTiiiiin, th(! first shcrilT, was born in Rrimfield, Mass., and removed to Clinton, Oneida connty, from whence, in 1802, lie settled in Uutluhd, on the south road, where he subsequently lived nnc being trustees : Ethel Bronson, Daniel Eamcs, Josiah Ty- ler, Thomas Hill, Abel Doohttle, Ebcr Ingalsbe, and John Oaks. This factory was the first in the county, and it is claimed one of the very first in northern New Y''ork. On the 19th of September, 1817, the fiictorj' and machinery were sold to Daniel Eamcs for §400, the enterprist' having failed of success soon after the close of the war on ac- count of the influx of British woolen goods. The build- ing was siibse<|uently sold by Mr. Eames to Albert Boying- ton, and was by him used for a dwelling-house. The latter solil it to Dr. A. W. Porter, who rented it as a residence, and owned it until his death. His widow sold it to Ar- nold Webb, who used it as a tenant-house until 1875, when he disposed of it to the Kellogg Brothers, who con- verted it into a creamery, for which purpose it is still used. We have been thus explicit in bringing down the history of this old fabric, because its now venerable antiquity entitles it to historical notice. A building for carding and spinning by water, and an- other for hand-looms, were built at this place in 1812, and got in operation the following winter. High prices were necessarily paid for wool, which embarra-sscd their opera- tions, and on the loth of April, 1814, an act was passed allowing 85000 to be loaned from the State treasury to Ethel Bronson, in behalf of the company, security being given. All of these interests ceased about 1850, and the buildings were abandoned and torn down. This necessarily retarded the growth of the place. Among the early settlers of Tylerville were those whose names appear above, Joel Webb, Erastus Lathrop, Na- thaniel Frink, Jonathan Smiley, and others. In 1805, Mr. Lathrop erected a grist-mill on the south side of the creek, and ojierated it up to about 1815. He was succeeded in the business by Joel Webb and Jonathan Smiley, who con- tinued operations until about 1821, when they disposed of the property to Frederick Tyler. He carried on general milling in the old structure about five years, when he de- molished it, and utilized such of the material as was of suf- ficient worth in the erection of another mill on the north side of the creek. About 1830 he sold the new mill to Elijah Holmes, who conducted the business for a decade or more, when it pas.-ied into the possession of Nathaniel Wads- worth, and he, about 1855, sold to Heiny Andrews, who tore it down and built the present mill on the south side of the creek, which he continues to operate. SAW-MILLS. Contemporaneously with the erection of the old grist-mill, Nathaniel Frink built a saw-mill, which remained in the Frink family up to about 1830. It then passed into the possession of Giles and Harvey Doud. Those owning the mill since the Messrs. Doud disposed of it have been Henry Andrews, Homer Hecox, John Babcock, Even Evans, and Hiram Hadcock, the present owner. THE FIRST STORE was erected by Josiah Tyler (father of Lucy Ann Eames)' about 1810. He put in an assorted stock of general mer- chandise. He was succeeded by Frederick Tyler. The merchants since have been Messrs. McCuc, Grinnel, and Laccy. After the closing-out of business by the latter firm no store was kept in the village until about 1840. when DlDlxtci^. BEHT chair STOCK FACTORY of BLACK /?/V£/f,Jfw«ow Co.N.Y. f-^ ffl i fliit! If^ffn Dav/0 Dexter. D. DEXTER^ SON , MANurACTUREffs or Cahc aho WoodSeat Cha.hs BLACK RI^CR JEffE/fSOM CO. M f E A.DoircR. W. S. YVILCOy^, CABiNir Ware iJjNDtKTAKiNG Works, Black RivcR.j'LfFCRSON Co. N Y HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 501 Simeon Oaks started a store, and continued actively engaged cither as sole proprietor or senior partner until his death. The business is now conducted by his <;randsoii. The post-office was established lure in 1S2(), and Calvin Chijjman was the appdintce. Tiie present incunibent is J. B. Vi.scher. Tylervillc now coiituins two general stores, one harness-shop, one blacksniithy, one creamery, a grist- mill, saw-mill, one hotel, post-office, two churches, — one Baptist and one Union,— a good public school, and about 100 inhabitants. BLACK RIVER,* locally known as Lnchporl, is a post village, pleasantly located on both sides of Black river, in Rutland and Le Ray. Improvements commenced here in 180G, by the erection of a saw-mill by Isaac and Harvey (!leveland. The mill being destroyed by the flood of 1SU7, was rebuilt the same season. In 1818 there was but one house on the Rutland side of the river. About 1815, Andrew Middle- ton and Christopher Poor erected a mill at some distance below the present village, where a branch of Black river issues from a subterranean ])a.s.s;ige, and affords a mill privi- lege. Francis Butterlield moved from Antwerp to Black River in 1S2G, and at that time there were but four I'ami- lies on the Rutland side of the river, iiamelv, Bariah Pen- nimaii, Eli Penniman, Thomas Scott, and one other not now remembered. Francis Butterfield erected the first frame, in 182U. It was a primitive affair, 22 by 24 feet. In 18:i0 or 1831 he built the first hotel. In 1832 the first bridge across Black river was constructed, the expense being chiefly borne by Mr. Butterfield and Christopher Poor, many others contributing labor and material. The po.st-officc was established here about 1832, and Dr. Albert Parsons, a .son-in-law of Mr. Butterfield, was ap- pointed the first postmaster. He held the office three or four years, and then Mr. Butterfield received the appoint- ment, which he held for about fifteen years. The first store was put up by Levi, Francis, William K., and Philander Butterfield, four brothers, who carried on general merchandising, lumbering, etc. The main feature of the place is its manufacturing interests, which are greatly facilitated by the excellent water- power obtained there. The jirincipal establishment is that of D.WllJ DEXTER i SON,| proprietors of one of the oldest chair-factories in the State, having been established more than si.xty years. The firm manufacture all kinds of chairs, and have ac((uired an ex- cellent reputation for the quality of their work. They have one of tlie best water-powers in northern New York, and their factory is supplied with all the modern improvements in machinery and general appointments. POOR &. DEXTER. The above firm is composed of Christopher Poor and D. E. Dexter, both of whom are enterprising young men, and natives of Jefferson County. They are engaged in the * See also unilor lic.ad of Le Ray. j" See illustratiou elsewhere in this work. manufacture of bent work for chairs, tables, and coach-rims, being the succcs.sors to C. Poor. They commenced some three years ago with Marshall's Improved Patent Bending- Machinc, a very ingenious and highly serviceable inven- tion, with which they are enabled to make the most diffi- cult bends in nearly every kiml (if tinjber with great pre- cision anil certainty. Their works are located on the Island, in the town of Rutland. They are i|uile successful, and are constantly increasing the capacity of their works. They are prepared to do all kinds of work by .sample, and in any quantity to suit customers. W. S. WILCOX is the proprietor of the inffin- and c.xsket-works, which were established by him in 184!). lie manufactures coffins, metallic cases, and caskets, and does a general retail trade in the undertakers line. He furnishes all the necessary accoutrements for funerals, such as robes, shrouds, cajis, etc. D.VIRY l.VTKRESTS. Rutland is one of the best dairying towns in the county, and is excelled by few in the State. It is situated on the summit of the Trenton limestone formation, and although to one entering it from Watertown it appears elevated, it is loss so tlian the country farther east and south ; and one cause of its peculiar fitness for grazing is, doubtless, in the abundance and excellence of its springs of water. Statistics at hand show that in 187") Rutland produced 777,000 lbs. of cheese, and 18:!, 200 lbs. of butter. From a careful personal estimate of the season's (1877) product, we can reasonably place the number of pounds of cheese at 1,000,000, and of butter, at 200,000. There are nearly 4500 cows owned and pastured within the limits uiila]i, John Felt, the Misses Cornelia Johnson and Adeline M. Brown, and Elijah Graves. The latter has probably taught longer than any other person in Jefferson County, and is therefore en- titled to a more extended notice. ELIJ.\U GR.WES, son of Jonathan Graves, one of the early settlers of the town of Rutland, was born in that town July 1(!, 1813. At the usual age he commenced attending the district school, and continued to attend winters until the twentieth year of his age. In the fall of 1827 he attended a course of lectures on grammar and arithtnctic, given by Wm. Kuger, in an adjoining district. At the close of the term he was selected as one of the number who had made the greatest advancement in grammar ; and he ranked either first or second in arithmetic, although many of the students were over twenty-one years of age. The first school taught by him was in the winter of 1833 and 1834, .since which he has taught a portion of each year. The summer of 1837 and 1838 he spent in the service of A. Copley, Esq., at Chaumont, as clerk in his store, teaching the Chaumont school during the winter. He was married in Champion, July 4, 1840. Having taught in Champion during the winters of 1840 and 1841, he moved to Chaumont in the fall of 1841, and taught the school three years. In answer to a " call" he next located at Three-SIile Bay, where he taught six years. His health wa.s such during the winter of 1839 and 1840 that his physician advised him to leave off teach- ing. On closing his engagement for the year he moved to the east part of the county, finally settling at Felt's Mills. In the mean time, his health improving, he continued to teach. • In the spring of 1853 he entered into the mer- cantile business at Sinithville, still teaching winters. In June, 1850, pursuant to the act creating the office of school commissioner, he received the appointment for the second district of Jefferson County. He had previously served as town superintendent of common schools in the towns of Lyme and Rutland. In 1858 he failed of an election, but ran ahead of his ticket in the towns then under his supervision (the district was altered in 1858), against 5Ir. L. Lyttle, one of the most popular men in the district. In Dec, 1858, he opened a select school at Evans' Mills, teaching there eight terms. Since 1860 he has spent most of his time in Champion and Felt's Mills, teaching a large portion of his time at the latter place. He is still engaged in teaching at Felt's Mills, from the most influen- tial citizens of which place he recently received the follow- ing testimonial: " We, the citizens of Felt's Mills, respect- fully represent that we are well acquainted with Elijah Graves, and consider him a faithful and a competent teacher * See tabulated statistics in general history of county, aiife. in imparting instruction. He is well posted in all modern improvements in teaching. Age has not dimmed his zeal or made him rusty." In closing this brief sketch on the educational history of the town, it may be well to quote the subjoined extracts from a recent school commi&sioner's report: "The town of Rutland has taken the lead in school improvements. . . . There seems to be a noble emulation among the inhabitants of the several districts in relation to school affairs; higher wages are paid, better teachers are secured, and, as a result, they have more advanced schools than their less enterprising neigliboi's." All of which is apparent even to the casual visitor in the town. We are especially indebted to the following gentlemen for valuable assistance in the compilation of the history of Rutland : Elijah Graves, Ezekiel Andrus, L. D. Olney, 0. A. Felt, Edmund McOmber, A. Conklin, Rev. I. S. Bingham, Daniel J. Eamcs, Arnold Webb, Sylvester Kel- logg, Charles C. Hardy, the Middletons, Asa Clark, J. M. Augsbury, B. J. Smith, C. C. Veber, D. Dexter, G. W. Smith, the Parkinson Brothers, Christopher Poor, and others. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HARLAN P. DUNLAP. William Dunlap, whose ancestry wore Irish, emigrated from Schoharie Co., N. Y., to Jefferson County in 1815. He here .settled on a farm in Rutland, about eight miles east of Watertown. He reared a large family of children, of which Wm. M. was the second son, and who became the owner of the old home farm. He was reared and educated as a farmer. He was united in marriage with a daughter of Reuben Scott, an old settler of Rutland. The fruits of this marriage were five children, named as follows: Har- lan P., Cornelia, Cecilia, Arthur S., and ^Martha J. Of these, all are living except Cecilia and Arthur. Cornelia is the wife of Geo. A. Moore, of Rutland, and Martha is the wife of Robert M. Francis, of Carthage. Harlan P. w;is born Jan. 30, 1838, and received a good common-.school and academic education. He bec.ime a teacher and taught for a number of terms. At the age of twenty-five, on the 24th of Dec, 1862, he was married to Mi.ss Martha Hopkins, of Rutland. By this union he is the father of one child, — Mary E. He lost his wife by death on the 9th day of Dec, 1866. His present wife was Miss Mary C. Dutton, of Rutland, by whom he has one child, — Charles J. Mr. Dunlap has, by purchase, become the owner of the old home farm, which now consists of 265 acres of beautiful grazing land, to which it is chiefly de- voted. By reference to another page, a beautiful view of his residence may be seen. His father and mother are both living in the city of Watertown, the former seventy and the latter sixty-five years of age. in the enjoyment of good health and the retirement of a green old age. Mr. Dunlap is held in high esteem and respect by all his ac- quaintances, who at various times have manifested their confidence in him by electing him to the highest oflices in the town. 606 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. n.VNIEL EAMES. CLIFT EAJIKS. LUCY A. EAMES. THE EAMES FAMILY were of English origin. They emigrated to tlie New World as early as 1G18. Daniel Eauies, one of the early pioneer.s of Jefferson County, was born at Hopkinton, Mass., in 1767 ; was married in 1787 to Mollie K. Wright. In 1794 he removed with his family to what was then Steuben Co., N Y., where he remained six years ; he then removed to Jefferson County. He selected a spot for his future home in the town of Rutland, where he .settled with his family, and where he ever afterwards resided until his death, which occurred Sept. 15, 1855, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. His wife's death occurred on the 4th day of February, 1842, at the age of seventy-three. These hardy old pioneers were the parents of the following-named children : Kittredge, Daniel, Mima, Jesse, Daniel, Jun., Daniel W., Aaron, Harriet, Dorca.«, Clift, Aaron (2d), Moses, and Lovett. Of this numerous family of children, Daniel W., Dorcas, and Moses are all that survive. Clift became the owner of the old homestead, on which he lived all his life. He received a good English education, and before he reached his majority wa3 engaged in teaching in the common schools, and for a short time was engaged in lumbering down the St. Lawrence. Rut on coming of age he .settled down to the life-long occupation of a farmer. On the 5th day of October, 182G, he was married to Miss Harriet Webb, who died Jan. 29, 1831. In the year following he was united in marriage with Lucy A. Tyler. He had no children by his first marriage, but his second marriage was more fruitful, resulting in the births of eight children, named as follows : Harriet A., Harriet C, Byron W., Daniel J., Polly W., Henry C, Charles T., Lucy E. Of these all are deceased except Harriet C, Daniel, and Henry, who are married and have families. Mr. Clift Eames died March 19, 1873, at the age of sixty-nine years. His widow, Mrs. Lucy A. Eames, still survives, and, although seventy years of age, is in the en- joyment of all her fiieulties. Henry Eames has become the owner of the old home. He is tlie father of two children. Daniel, the other, owns a farm in the same neighborhood, and has a family of three children. The sister, Harriet, also owns a farm near the old home, and has one child. We are pleased to be able to present to the people of Jeffereou County the portraits of the old pioneer, Daniel Eames, with that of Clift and Lucy A. Eames, and also a fine view of the old home of the family. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 507 SAMUEL MIDDLETON. HON. ANDREW C. MIDDLETON. His ancestors emigrated to the United States about the year 1790, and settled in New Jei-sey ; they afterwards removed to Scholiarie Co., N. Y., and in 1807 removed to Jefferson Co., N. Y., which has ever since been the homo of the family. Andrew, the grandfather of our subject, was born in 1740, and at the time of his settlement in Jcffer.sou County his familj' consisted of his wife and seven children, — four sons and three daughters, all of whom settled in the town of Rutland, except one daughter, who settled in Otsego county. Andrew IMiddJeton lived to the advanced age of eighty-four years, dying in 1834. Samuel, the youngest child, was born at Charleston, Montgomery Co., in 1700. Ho became a resident of Rut- land in 1807, and in the fall of the same year settled ou the farm where he continued to reside until his death, a period of sixty -six years. He was married April 26, 1821, and his widow. Seraph Middleton, still survives. She is now seventy-five years of age, and is the honored member of the family of the Hon. Andrew C. Middleton. Mr. Samuel Middleton wxs seventy-seven j'ears of age at his death, which occurred in 1873; he was the father of six children — three sons and three daughters. Reuben and John are in business in the city of New York ; Mar- garet is deceased, and Sarah A. and Harriet are married, and live in Carthage, N. Y. Andrew C, the second son, was born April 5, 1824. He was brought up on a farm, and has always made farming his business. He received a common school and academic education, and after ceasing to be taught continued in school as a teacher for a number of wintere. In 1849 he became town superintendent of schools, a position which ho filled satisfactorily for two years. In 1858 he was elected supervisor, and served two years ; and again in 1868 he occupied the same position. Daring the war he was deputy collector of internal revenue. For the years 1872 and 1873, he was president of the Jefiferson County Farmers' Club. Jlr. Middleton is prominently identified with the Grange organization of this State, having been honored by being elected president of the State council. At a convention of farmers. Oct. 20, 1873, Mr. Middleton was nominated to represent the 18th senatorial district; he was elected by a large majority over his competitor. During his term he served at the head of the Committee on Agri- culture, and also as a member on the Committees on Public Expenditures and Grievances. Mr. Middleton cast his first vote in 1845 for the Whig ticket, and a Whig he remained until the organization of the Republican party, since which time he has voted for Fremont, Lincoln, Grant, and Hayes. In the year 1847, at the age of twenty-three, Mr. Middleton was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Butterfield, of Rut- land. Three children have been born to them. One died in infancy. Dewitt C, the son, is in business in the city of Watertown, and is unmarried ; Gertrude I., the daughter, is the wife of Henry T. Gipson, who is in the legal profes- sion in Watertown. We present our readers on this page the portrait of the old pioneer, Mr. Samuel Middleton, and with it this brief sketch of the family, as a monument to his memory and a tribute of respect to the character and worth of his de- scendants. 508 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. CHRISTOPHER AND WILLIAM MIDDLETON. John and Samuel Middleton came into the wilds of Jef- ferson at the same time, and were among the other early settlers of that day engaged in clearing lands and fitting them for cultivation. John was married before he reached his majority to Miss Susannah Parkinson, of Rutland. The fruits of this mar- riage were five children, named as follows : Andrew, Wil- liam and Robert (twins), Betsey, and Christopher, all of whom are living, married, and have families, except Betsey, who was married to Thomas Scott, and died at the age of thirty years, leaving two children, and Robert, who was married to Emily Fi'ancis, of Champion, and who died in 1869, aged fifty-eight. Andrew, the eldest son, resides at Carthage, has been married three times, and has two chil- dren. Christopher, who was born in 1809, was reared a farmer and had but very few advantages to get an education ; but under the guardianship of his mother and stepfather acquired a very practical knowledge of farming and hard work. He remained with them until he wag of age. John Middleton died in 1813, at thirty years of age. His widow was married the second time to Reuben Scott, of Rutland. Christopher, on coming of age, went to work by the month, and at the expiration of five years he bought a farm of 100 acres in the town of Champion, which, after five years, he sold and then purchased a farm of 143 acres in Rutland, on which he has resided ever since. In 1845 he was united in marriage with Miss Dorcas H. Jones, of Champion, the daughter of Gardiner Jones, an old settler of the town of Orleans. The issue of this union is one child, a bright, intelligent lad of fifteen years, who is at this time a student at the Ives Seminary, at Antwerp. He is named Fred. C. Mid- dleton. By reference to another page may be found a fine view of the beautiful farm homo of Christopher Mid- dleton. William Middleton was born in Rutland in 180G, and, after his father's death, he and his twin brother Robert were taken by their uncle Samuel, and brought up in his family. The brothers remained with their uncle until they reached their majority, and William continued to work for him for .some years after. The two brothers bouj,'iit the old homestead, and remained in partnership for a niuiilier of j'cars, when AVilliam bought his brother's interest in the farm. In 1832 William was married to Almira, a daugh- ter of Thomas Scott, an old settler of Rutland. Their union has never been blessed by children, but they have adopted and reared a young lady, who remained with them until her marriage with William Sherman, of Minnesota ; they now reside in Iowa. It is with pleasure we are able to present our readers with portraits of this worthy couple, with a view of the old home of the family. L. D. OLNEY. The ancestors of Mr. Olney were of English and Scottish origin, and emigrated from England about 1G70, and settled in Rhode Island. Nedebiah, the paternal grandfather of our subject, in the year 1725, at the age of seventeen, in company with forty- two others, was captured by the Indians and taken to the border of the Ohio river, where they were subjected to vari- ous tortures, running the gauntlet, etc., from which they all peri.shed except young Olney and one companion, who were saved and adopted by the chief's wife. They remained with the Indians seven long years before they made their escape, when, aft<;r inconceivable hardships, they made their way back through the wilderness to their friends. While with the Indians Mr. Olney acquired what was then called the Black Art, which is identical with what is now known as psychology. In after-years he would occasionally give speci- mens of the art, to the great wonder and amusement of his friends. He reared a family of five children, and lived to the extreme old age of ninety years. Davis, the second son, was born at Suiithfield, R. I., in 1777 ; he was educated for, and became, a teacher, but after a few years he engaged in mercantile business, in which he invested his all, and in about a year he was burned out and lost everything. In 180G, in company with his brother, he started for the Black river country. Arriving in Rutland, Jefferson County, he located IGO acres of land, which was his homo until 1850, when he retired from active business and moved into the village of Tylerville, where he resided until his death, which occurred Oct. 17, 1868. He was married, in 1807, to Miss Olive Rowe, of Connecticut. They became the parents of thirteen children, — seven sons and six daughters. Luman D., the youngest son, was born at the old home in Rutland, Feb. 10, 1825 ; he was reared a farmer, and until seventeen years of age attended the common schools. He then attended the Jefferson County Institute, and was in- tending to pursue a collegiate course ; but, after advancing two years in the same, pecuniary considerations on his father's part prevented. At the age of twenty he commenced teach- ing, which he followed for several years. At the age of twenty-eight, on Sept. 28, 1853, he was united in marriage with Miss Adeline E., daughter of Chauncey D. Hunting- ton, and great-granddaughter of William Huntington, who came from New Hampshire, and settled in Jefferson County in 1804. She was born in Watcrtowu in 1831 ; has one sister, who is the wife of Thomas C. Parker, of Water- town. Mr. Olney and his wife are the parents of three children, all daughters, named as follows : Carrie E., Adeline C, and Channez I. Carrie is married to Mr. Clias. E. Hadcock, and resides on a farm adjoining the old home. Adeline C. is the wife of Clark D. Eddy, of Watertown. Mr. Olney is held in high esteem by a large circle of friends and acqmiintances, and is a man far above the average in scientific knowledge, which he puts to a practical use in the management of his farm, which is one of the finest in the county. In his religious faith he is not fettered by the contracted and narrow views of the sectarian, but cherishes liberal and enlarged ideas of the great Creator of the universe and his characteristics, as he sees them demon- strated in all the works of nature. It is with much pleasure we are able to jiresent in this work the portraits of Mr. Olney and his wife, and a fine view of their beaulit'iil luinie. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 509 CHAUNCEY D. HUNTINGTON. Dicil in Croglian, Liwis ccmntv, N. Y., July 22, 187"), Mr. Chauncey I). Iluntingluii, of Riitbiml. JofTirson County, ngpil sixty-nine years. Mr. Huntington wa.s the oldest of the third generation of Iliintingtons known in tlie eounty, being the oldest .son of Wni. Huntington, Jr., who emigrated with his father, Wni. Huntington, and family from New- Hampshire, and settled in this then " western wilderness," in 1804, locating in Watertown, upon the farm in tlic eastern part of the town, subsequently known as the " Colonel Gotham farm." The father of the subject of this imperfect .sketch pur- chased and occupied the adjoining farm, now known as the " Westcott form," upon which Chauncey was born in 180G. He was a member of a large and highly-respected pioneer family. While Chauncey was yet young, his father changed his residence to within one mile south of Burr's Mills, in this town, where the balance of his m'inority was spent, acquiring his education at the district school in Burr's Mills. His majoritj' attained, he purchased a large farm near by, in the adjoining town of Rutland, and, on the 16th of March, 1831, married Miss Clarissa Bull, daughter of the late Johnson Bull, with wlinin he commenced the journey of a business life, with health, a commendable ambition, and desirable reputation for capital. Relying upon their joint indu.stry and economy for success, both were adopted as leading characteristics of their life, and very soon their farm was paid for and a liberal surplus was laid aside to meet contingencie.s. Mrs. Huntington .still survives him. While occupying a prosperous and enviable position in the community of farmers of which he was a member, his health failed, and he soon found him.self unable to conduct the business of his chosen occupation, and in 1852 ho sold his fiirm and retired from labor. For the past twenty years he has been accustomed to making, annually, from one to three excursions to the "big woods," fishing and hunting, camping out, often entirely alone, finding such action congenial and recuperative to both body and mind. On the last of these excursions he crossed life's rubicon, surrounded by his daughters, Mrs. L. 1). Olney, and Mrs. T. C. Parker, with their husbands, his physician, and numerous of their resident friends, who had .so often greeted his visitations. Mr. Huntington was of that cla.ss of minds that must be known to be appreciated. All respected him ; few, comparatively, knew him. He was a close student, much of his time being applied to study and investigation, espe- cially since the loss of his health; was emphatically indi- vidualized ; by nature, positive ; conclusions, reached by close investigation, recjuired demonstration for their re- moval. His religion was advertised in his life by his dealing justly, loving mercy, walking humbly, and paying twenty shillings on the pound. Although a firm believer in God and the immortality of the soul, yet he failed to be satisfied with the popular dogmas of the age, and his theory was, formerly, more nearly allied to that promulgated by Swedenborg than auy other writer ; but for the past twenty years he hiLS been a firm believer in the theology of modern spiritualists as developed in the writings of Andrew Jack- son Davis, of which he was an admirer. His religion was a reality ; to him, a certainty. As a man, Mr. Huntington possessed sterling merit and unflinching integrity ; was upright, lioncst ; as a frieiul, true and genial ; and as husband and father, consistent, kind, and indulgent. Funeral services were held at liis late residence in Rut- land on the 24th, by Rev. Mr. Herscy, from Micah (Jth chap. 8th verse, and Acts 10th chap. 34th verse, — especially appropriate, and listened to by a very large and apprecia- tive audience. S. THE PARKINSON FAMILY. William Parkin.son emigrated originally from Vermont to Schoharie Co., N. Y"., and about the year 1804 moved to Rutland, Jefferson County. He settled on a farm in what is known as the Hollow, .some five miles east of the city of Watertown. He here became engaged in farm- ing and coopering, and reared a family of seven children, named as follows : IjSther, Susan, Robert, Moses, Asa, Reuben, and William, all of whom are deceased except Reuben. William Parkinson was born in 1747, and he was marric o O cj -<- THERESA. This town is nearly in the form of a parallelogram, with its longer lines stretching northeast and southwest. St. Lawrence county is its northeastern boundary, Le Ray township its southwestern, Orleans joins it on the west, Alexandria on the northwest, and Antwerp and Philadel- phia on the .southeast. The Indian river traverses its entire length, entering the town at its southern corner, and leaving it in the extreme northeast, whence it passes into St. Lawrence county. The northern portion of the town contains a number of beauti- ful lakes, abounding in fish. Of these, Butterfield and Mud lakes lie on the Alexandria line, and partly in that town, Gniss lake is partly in St. Lawrence county. Moon lake extends from this into the town of Antwerp, while Hide, Crystal, Sixberry, Mill-site, Red, and Muskalonge lakes, and the Lake of the Woods, lie wholly in Theresa, This lake region is a paradise for the sportsman of to-day, just as it was for the red hunters and fishermen before the blight of the pale-face fell on them. The margins of these waters are nearly everywhere bound in by high, rocky shores and bold promontories, and in many places the same feature is noticeable along the Indian river. The ledge known as Bluff Rock, 4 miles below Theresa village, on the river, is from 130 to 150 feet in height, and nearly a half-mile in length ; in a great part of this distance de- scending sheer from the summit to the water's edge. There is a spot — deeply indented and shut in by the hills — just below Theresa village, on the river, known as the " Indian landing," because the red men paddled their canoes up to this spot, at the very foot of the falls, disembarked, and, carrying them over the nigged porUige, placed them again in the still water above the rapids, to continue their journey towards the southeast. This was their gi-cat water-way and trail. It is not very many years since there died in Le Ray an old man named Keyser, who was captured by Indians at the battle of Oriskany, now a century ago, and who recollected that on his way to Canada he passed a night of suffering, closely bound and watched by his savage captors, at this same landing-place, at the foot of the "high falls ;" then, and for many years after, an unbroken wilder- ness. At a considerable distance below this landing-place, and on the left bank of the river, is a point known as " Bar- ret's landing," because that, during or before the War of 1812, a man of that name, living at Evans' Mills, engaged, as is supposed, in smuggling, made this the landing-place for a bateau which he had placed on the lower river, in the contraband trade, taking his goods by portage around the falls, and reloading them upon another similar boat, at a point not far above Seeber's mill ; thence to proceed up the river. There are persons yet living who have seen and used these boats after their owner had abandoned them. From the falls to the St. Lawrence county line, the sur- face of the country along the river is a dead level. It is also comparatively free from inequalities in the south and southwest portions. In other parts, particularly in the lake section, it is broken by abrupt hills and ribbed by barren and forliidding ledges. Nearly all the township was comprised in the 220,000 acre purcha.sc of J, D, Le Ray de Chaumont from the Antwerp company, Jan, 4, 1800. Mr. Le Ray was not slow to note and fully appreciate the material advantages offered by nature at the High Falls of 512 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Indian river (as the locality, now Theresa village, was then designated), and he marked it as a point for the erection of mills which should supply lumber and flour — two prime necessities of life — to prospective settlers, upon his lands. Lumber could be produced with comparatively little delay ; he had but to build a mill and utilize a fraction of the immense water-power of the falls to change the dense pine forest, which then covered all the hills and ravines down to the river's edge, into merchantable boards, plauk, and tim- ber. Accordingly, in 1810-11, a saw-mill was erected which produced large quantities of lumber, and this, in the absence of a home demand, was rafted down the river to a market at Rossie or Ogdensburgh. The opening of the War of 1812 paralyzed this traffic, and not only was the saw-mill stopped, but a great deal of lumber was left unrafted and went to decay at the mill-yard. To produce flour was wholly a different matter. The glens and hill-sides, which were heavy with timber to sup- ply the saw, had never borne an ear of wheat or corn ; and there could be no need of nor work for a grain-mill, until great labor had been e.xpended to clear the thick forest, to break the soil, to sow seed, and, God willing, to gather the harvest. Such clearings Mr. Le Ray at once proceeded to make. It was his purpose to sell and settle his lands as rapidly as possible, and by clearing and sowing grain he would be able to furnish the means of subsistence to pio- neers until they could produce for themselves. The largest of the clearings which he caused to be made was about 100 acres, and laid something more than a mile above the falls, on the left bank of the liver. Another, of about 40 acres, was made on the river, a short distance below the first- named. This was cleared before the larger tract ; it was the spot where the land-office was afterwards established, and \Yliere a stone house, still standing, was built by the proprietor's agent, Rotier. It was recently the property of Joseph Fayel, and is now owned by J. P. Douglass, Esq. At the end of two years, portions of these "jobs," as they were called, had been seeded to grass, and he had stocked them with cattle. In 1813, his animals numbered nearly 500 sheep, about GO horned cattle, and 20 or more horses. The War of 1812 was then in progress, and these herds were in a most exposed position to a foray by the enemy from the border. All around them was thick forest, stretching to the St. Lawrence, and in the opposite direction to the Quaker settlement, seven miles distant, which was the nearest point of communication, and this was reached only by an obscure trail tlirough the woods. To guard these animals, Capt. John Hoover, afterwards landlord of the tavern at Evans' Mills, was garrisoned in the strong log house upon the forty-acre clearing, the forces under him consisting of his wife and John A. Evans, but with arms and ammunition enough for a force three times as large. Not only Wiis the captain successful in saving the animals, but he actually captured, single-handed, two of a party of five of the enemy who came to reconnoitre his position. Sales of land in Theresa were commenced by Mr. Le Ray in 1817. Three dollars per acre was the usual price, and seven years' time was given for payment. The con- tracts required the purclniser to build, within one year, upon the premises, a log house eighteen feet square, or the equivalent of these dimensions, and to clear, within the same time, four acres of every hundred acres purchased ; this to be done in a thorough and proper manner. There were at first no reservations of mineral rights to the pro- prietor, but after a few years these were required to be made. During the year in which sales were commenced by Le Ray a few settlers came in, and a larger number arrived in the following year. In 1818, the proprietor, with a view to the building of a village at the falls, caused a reservation to be surveyed containing 1000 acres, the exterior lines being run, and that part of the tract lying south and west of the river in one-fourth-acre lots, by M. Evans, surveyor. The locality and prospective village was for some time known only as High Falls, but after the place became more important it was christened by Mr. Le Ray Theresa, the name of his daughter, who married the French Mar(|uis de Gouvello, and the name of the village was given to the town, upon its erection. EARLIEST SETTLEMENTS — FIRST TR.\DES AND PROFES- SIONS. The first two settlers upon lands in Theresa were Colonel Siuesa Ball and James Shurtliff, both of whom came in 1817, but it is not known which arrived earliest in the year. Mr. Shurtliff settled upon the spot where Le Ray's larger clearing had been made, now comprised in the farm of W. H. Seeber. For a short time Mr. Shurtliff kept his house as an inn, and it was the first opened in the town. After him, the farm was occupied by his son-in-law, Jesse KcKsey, and still later came into the ownership of James Ward, of Le Ray, now of Carthage. Mr. Shurtlifl" died at Plessis, August 1, 1846, aged seventy-nine years. Colonel Ball settled on the Military road, two miles west of the falls. He had served as an officer at Sackct's Har- bor in the War of 1812, and became colonel of militia. Many are .still living who remember him as commanding officer at the " trainings " held on the field near Cook's tavern, in Antwerp. Afterwards his land was sold to Ed- ward Cooper, from whom it descended to his son, Irvin C. Cooper, the present owner. Colonel Ball died near Hide lake, in Theresa, July 1 , 1877, at the age of eighty-six years. At the commencement of the year 1819 there were within the present limits of the town, in addition to the two already mentioned, the following settlers : Anson and Jeremiah Cheeseman, Mr. Moyer, Joseph Miller, Jas. Lake, Elipha- let Emery, and Zaimon Pool. Anson Cheeseman at that time was sawyer at Le Ray's mill at the falls, and lived in the " mill-house" He afterwards purchased and occupied a farm between the falls and the Military road, now the property of L. Salisbuiy. He also at one time carried on a potashery in the village. Jeremiah Cheeseman, brother of Anson, on the Alexandria road, south side, opposite estate of Timothy Wood. He is now living in Alexan- dria. Mr. Moyer settled near Shurtliff's, on land now of Alexander Cooper. Joseph Miller located on west side of Alexandria road, now Benjamin Colvin's farm. James Lake, on land afterwards owned by Charles Wilsim, on the easterly side of Hide lake. Eliphalet Emery, adjoining Mr. Lake, and also on the Wilson premisfts, and /almon (nyioiyVh&l^^ I^J'A^^nyftct^ ^4^'t^ ^, j^^/la^^^^^^'l^ Residence OF JONATHAN STRATTON , JHC/?£5A , JCrF£P,SON CO. I, 1 RcsiDLNCE or DAVID BEARUP, Ihl^lsa. /V HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 513 I'dijI, Jr , will) lia'l pui-cli;useJ, in tliu fall (if 1SI7, and uiDVod lioi'C with his family in -March, 1818, settling on the Aiitwei']) town lino, in lot No. loS, on tlio southurly side of Moon lake. IIlto he lived until his death, Sejit. 20, ISlJf), at the age of seventy-three years. These were the only inhabitants, excepting perhaps a few persons in tlie employ of Le Ray, who were in no sense settlers. • In February, 1819, Jes.sc Doolittle came from Water- town (wliere he had located as a blacksmith in 180Gj and settled on the easterly side of the river, on lot No. 134. With him came a family of five children : Alanson, died in 1850; Jesse S., .still living on the firm; Richard, now in Illinois, and two daughters. He was the first blacksmith in Tiicresa (the second being Carley Smith, from New Hampshire, who lived and worked at liis trade u|)on the site of the residence of the late John C. (Mollis). Mr. Doo- little, arriving in Febrnary, cleared sufficient land to put in three acres of wheat and one acre of corn the same spring. In the fall of the same year he sowed ten acres of winter wheat. He lived on this farm until his death, July 7, 1836. There were several others who came during 1811): Na- thaniel Parker, Ebenezer Lull, Mrs. Keeler, Allen Cole, Henry R. Morey, Austin Bates, Augustus Soper, and per- haps a few others. Mr. Lull was from Morris, Otsego county, N. Y. He purchased and built a frame dwelling upon the grounds where is now John Parker's residence, in Theresa village. Mrs. Keeler, a widow, and sister of An.son Chccseman, built a frame house where Mrs. Coe's brick liouse now stands. She brought with her two sons and a daughter. Mr. Lull became her boarder until the time of his own marriage. Henry Morey was the first who established as a carpenter and joiner, located his shop on the lot where Nathaniel W. Lull's house now stands, and built the earliest houses at the Falls. Afterwards he built and occupied the present dwelling of George P. Fox. He removed to Evans' Mills and died there, but is buried at Theresa village. Allen Cole settled four miles west of the Falls, near the Orleans line. Afterwards he sold to (ieorge Snell, and removed to Alexandria, where he died. Augus- tus Soper came from Augusta, Oneida county, and settled on the road to West Theresa, two miles west of the river, now the land of Absalom Zellar. Nathaniel Parker located adjoining Soper. He died in 1854, at the age of 87. Michael V. D. Cook also settled in 1819, two and a half miles northwest of the Falls. Benjamin Allen anil Daniel Morgan settled in the same year, both on great lot 130, Job Whitney on lot 135, and Castleman ".squatted" in a log house on Le Ray's 40-acrc clearing, above the Falls. Lodowick Salisbury came about 1820, and located on the Military road, lot 97, the land being the same now owned by Silas West. He built a log house, and opened it as a place of public entertainment, the first of the several inns which sprung up on that road, in Theresa. Mr. Salisbury died April 5, 1846. His sons were, Alexander, the first supervisor of Theresa, and at one time president of the Redwood Glass Company, now living in Illinois ; Lodo- wick, Jr., now residing in Theresa; Edward and Joshua, both dead ; and Percival B., now a resident of Ohio. Leonard Boyer a'so came about that tims, and settled with 33 his large family on lands afterwards of Jacob Ostrander, at the intersection of the Clayton and Jlilitary roads. Syl- vester Bodman came in 1820, and .settled a mile southeast from tlie Falls, on lot 133. His widow, Mrs. Relief Bod- man, still lives there, aged 90 years, the oldest person in the town. Nathaniel W. Lull came also in that year, and is now living in the village. Dudley Chapman came with Bciilman and settled near him. Col. Artemas Bakir, the .second blacksmith at the Falls, came in during that year. He located his shop where Ballard's store afterwards stood. In the journal of Jesse Doolittle, under d.ite of 1821, is found an entry showing that the latter loaned to Baker the anvil, bellows, vise, shoeing tools, tongs, hammers, and coal, for the prosecution of his trade. He built and occupied the present dwelling of Jason Morrow. In later years he lived for a long timi; in California. He died in Michigan in September, 1877, but is buried at Theresa. Another of the earliest black- smiths was Nathan Starks, who settled east of the Falls, near Bodman's. Seymour Murray was the first shoemaker, and came in 1821. His dwelling and shop was just north of the present residence of R. C. Collis. He had come from Lowville, and a few years later returned and died there. The first tailor was Deacon Abraham Morrow, from N. H., about the same time. His shop and residence were first in the house which Mrs. Keeler had occupied, and he is said to have been one of the most industrious men in the town. He afterwards purcha.sed, and lived op- posite the Presbyterian church, on the corner lot, later .sold to Rosele C. Collis. He went to California with Col. Baker, returned, and died in Theresa village. It was not long after, 1850, th.it Zalmou Pool, Sr., and John and Isaac Pool located near Antwerp town-line, on great lot 137. Archibald Fisher came from N. II. about 1820, and pur- chased lands near the line of Orleans ; the same afterwards being the farm of Nicolas D. Yost. Mr. Fisher afterwards removed to the village, became general of militia, and a citizen of considerable prominence. Samuel Hall, a shoe- maker, came about 1822. Ilis residence and shop were on hind now owned by J. S. Vanderburgh. In 1822 or '23, Azariah Walton came to the Falls, bringing his family and movables, in Barrett's .scow, down the Indian river, di.seni- barking at the head of the rajiids. He purchased five acres on the north bank of the riv(!r, the tract afterwards owned by Gen. Fisher, and embracing the present sites of Collis' factory and Stockwell's mills. His dwelling stood where Mrs. Yost now lives. He afterwards removed to Alexandria, and was for more than eighteen years deputy collector at the Bay. The first white child born in the limits of Theresa was Ursula Cole, daughter of Allen Cole, born May 20, 1819, now the widow of Jacob Ostrander. The next birth, and occurring at nearly the same time, was a daughter of Anson Cheeseman. She died while young. The first marriage was that of Erastus Clark to Kate Underwood. The ceremony was performed at the house of Jesse Doolittle, in the year 1820. The next was that of Andrew Stone to Hannah, daughter of James Shurtliff, Es(|., the ceremony being performed by the father of the bride. 514 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. The first death among these settlers was that of Thompson Doolittle, son of Jesse Doolittle. He died Nov. 18, 1820, at the hou.se of his father, was buried on the farm, and lii.s remains still lie there. Dr. James Broolcs was the first physician. He came in 1852, boiijiht, and built a small frame house upon the lot adjoininj; Nathaniel W. Lull, now owned by John I'mker. He died in 1823, and the house and lot became the property of his son, Thompson Brooks. The successor of Dr. Brooks was Dr. Samuel J. Gaines, a man of good abilities, who, however, remained but a short time, and was in turn suc- ceeded by Dr. John D. Davison, who came from Pamelia to tlie Falls in 1824, bringing a wife just married. He located his ofiicc in an unfinished building, erected by Mr. Stephenson, on the spot where now stands the American House. This building also for a time was his dwelling. He aftxTwards built a house at the end of a lane, in the rear of Captjiin Nathaniel Lull's premises. He died Sept. 22, 1865, aged 72 years. His two sons, James and Nathan M., Were also physicians, and practiced here, but died com- paratively young ; the former, Jan. 2, 1 854, at the age of 29. The first grist-mill was commenced at the Falls by Samuel Case, for Le Ray, in 1820, and completed in 1821. Its site was about the same as that of the jiresent grist-mill at the lower dam. Its height was 4 stories in front and 5 on the river. Noah Ashley, the father of Marcius B. Ashley, was the firet miller employed. His li\niily occupied the old " mill-house, ' Mr. Cheescman liavingvacated it to move upon his farm. Mr. Ashley died January 17, 1840, at the age of 63 years. The mill was sold to Percival Bullard in 1823. About 1830 it passed to the ownership of Marcius B. and Stephen Ashley ; after whom it was at different times owned by Salisbury, Kelsoy & Co., Stokes, and George Wil.son, during whose terra it was burned, in 1852. He rebuilt it, and the firm was Wilson & Humphrey ; aft«r them, David Burr, from whom it passed to Charles Pool, and was his jiroperty wlien destroyed l)y fire in 1859. The first public-house at tha Falls wa.s built in 1819, upon the .spot now occupied by the Getman House. It was owned by Le Ray, but opened and kept by Sir. Stcjihenson, from Lowville. It was destroyed by tire in the fall of 1821 ; ttie fire occurring, it was said, by the carelessness of a colored girl, who, whether culpable or not, lost her life in the flames. A new pulilic-house — being the main part of the present Getman House — was built on the same spot, in 1824, by Gen. Archibald Fisher, who long remained its landlord. It was for many years known as " The Brick Tavern," and was the first structure of that material erected within the hounds of Theresa. The bricks for the pur- pose were both manufactured and laid by Benjamin Barnes, the first brick-maker and brick-layer at the Falls, and who had then ju.st arrived. His kiln was on the opposite side of the river, in the locality now known as " Brooklyn." The ne.xt brick building was the dwelling-house of Natlianiol W. Lull, — titill standing on Main street. The bricks for this were also furnished and laid by Mr. Barnes. He became a local preacher of the Mellxidist denominalion, and is represented to have been remarkable for his persuasive powers, rugged elofjuence, and religious fervor. He died in Tlieresa, March 21, 1804, at the age of 72 years. The first tannery was that of Jonathan Thompson, at Barnes' creek, northeast of the Falls settlement, on land now of Charles Fairbanks. This was started in 1822. and in the same year another was put in operation by Nathaniel W. Lull, on a small run. near the present railway station. This last continued in ojieration for about ten years, and was then abandoned. Thompson, after a time, removed his vats and appurtenances, and re-erected them near where the foundry now stands, at the soutli end of the lower bridge, where he also had a shop fur the finisiiing of his leather. John S. Casler succeeded Thompson in the business at that place. A third tannery was erected by Almond Tlnving in the ravine, in the rear of the present American Hotel. He was suc- ceeded in this by his son Charles; and himself, in partner- ship with Mr. Eddy, about 1 SCO, built another tannery on the river above the Falls, and below Seeber's saw-mill, — the same now owned and operated by V. J. Cooper. After- wards^ having disi)osed of his inten>st in this, he put in operation still another tannery, where Aaron Parkhurst now resides. This was carried on but a short time and abandoned. A fulling-mill and elotliiery-works were put in operation about 1822 by Nathan M. Flower, a clothier by trade, who came to Theresa Falls from Cherry Valley. These works stood where Coilis' woolen-factory now is, and they were destroyed by fire some years later. Mr. Flower stood high in the community, and held various offices, among them that of justice of the jieace. He occupied an office on the north side of the street, between Bullard's store and the Presbyterian church. He died of apoplexy, April 4, 1843, aged only forty-seven years. One of his sons has been mayor of AVatertown. K.VRLIEST STORES AND MERCHANTS. The first merchant at Theresa was Ebenezer Lull, who, in 1820, built and opened a small store on the corner where Snell's hardware store now is. The clerk he em- ployed was Alexander Salisbury. Soon afterwards, Lull, in partnership with Azariah Walton, entered quite exten- sively into the lumber trade, sliipping West India .staves and square timber to Jlontreal by the St. Lawrence river. Their point of shipment was Alexandria Bay, and they also opened another .store at Plessis. Tiieir operations, however, did not result in profit. In 1825, Mr. Lull sold the store to Olney Pierce, of Watertown, for Anson Ranney, who afterwards also bouglit the frame dwelling wliich Mr. Lull had built where John Parker's residence now stands. Mr. Ranney, being a bachelor, did not at once occupy the hou.se, and Mr. Lull remained in it until his death, which took place in December, 1827, from disease produced by exposure in i'unning his lumber-ratts on the St. Lawrence. Mr. Ranney afterwards moved the Lull house to the place where it is now occupied by L. Salisbury, and, in the place where it had stood, erected a house which has been remodeled into the present residence of Mr. Parker. The stone store at the southeast corner of Main and Commercial streets was built by Ranney about 18.32, and he here continued business for many years, having partners at different times, among whom were his former clerk, P. D. Bullard (1840 to 181 I >, and Silas L. George, after 1844. Benjamin Still. Benjamin Still, the son of a British soldier, and the youngest of a family of three children, was born in Litchfield, Connecticut, in 1777. He was reared upon a farm, and was educated in the common schools of that day. In 1802 he married Lydia Kent, of Boyalton, Veiinont, by which union were born four sons and five daufjhters, in all nine children, of whom five are sstill living. Comentha, the eldest daughter, married Jotham Marshall ; the second daughter, Zilpha, mar- ried Alfred Adams; Harriet married Kli H. Phelps; Mary married Edward Cooper, and Elvira, the youngest daughter, married Matthew H. Smith, of Redwood. Early in the year 1804, they came with an ox-team and one cow (all their worldly goods), and settled in the wilderness, six miles north- east of Brownsville, in the town of Pamelia, on what is now known as the military road. For a short time they accepted the hospitalities of their friend, Nathan Cole, who had preceded them and erected a log cabin. Mr. Still soon erected a log cabin for himself, and moved into it before he could procure lumber to make a door, and a bedquilt was substituted therefor, which was sufficient by day, but a glowing fire was required by night to keep wild beasts at bay. In the fall of 1805 an accidental gun-shot wound disabled his left arm for life. The doctors' bills and attendant expenses amounted to tliree hundred dollars, covering fully every dollar that he was worth. By his well-disciplined habits of economy, perseverance, and energy, he succeeded in discharging all this indebtedness and paying for his land, which wa.s greatly aided by his amiable wife, who was truly a helpmeet for him. "Her careful hand kept everything from waste, With t'heerful lumle each thrifty tciil einliraced." In 1824 he sold his farm in I'anielia, and bought two hun- dred acres in Theresa, which he cleared up and paid for, and held free from encumbrance. This farm is now owned by his son Horatio, and ranks among the first in the county, and haa received the first premium at the Jefferson County Agricultural Fair. Also, the dairy butter of Mrs. Still's own make received the first premium. Mr. Still's integrity won for him the esteem of his fellow- townsmen, and he was repeatedly elected to important town offices. While magistrate, he always advised a settlement rather than a suit. At the declaration of the war of 1812, a log fort was erected on his farm for the protection of the sur- rounding inhabitants from the Indians. Although exempt from military duty, he volunteered at the battle of Sacket's Harbor to rally the demoralized militia to renew the battii' During his life he was the poor man's friend, not simply to relieve his present need, but to instruct him how by his own legitimate efi"<)rts to become a usefiil and independent citizen. In politics ho was originally an old-line Whig, but upon the formation of the Republican party he joined its ranks, and always stood firm to its principles, and on his death-bed his great anxiety was for the Union. In religious faith he was a Methodist ; and of Mrs. Still, it can be truly said, " Her .Saviour, dear, through life's meandering path, Was her dear Saviour in the arms of death." He survived his widow fifteen years, and died in 1S65, at the age of eighty-six, and now reposes in the family burying- ground on the farm, by the side of his wife, two sons, and one of his daughters. '* He temp'rate lived, and free from envious pride, If fiiuU.** he had, they leaned to virtue's side." A ' Q Hi y F? :CHi , Propriuor. THERESA, N- V HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 515 The second store in town was opened by John J. Gilbert, in a brick building wiiich he erectdl near the south end of the lower bridge, about 1830. After liiiu it was carried on by De Grasse Salisbury and Benjamin L. Smith, then by A. Salisbury and l\Iorsenian, then by John S. Casler, who soon closed the store and changed the building to a dwell- ing and currier's shop. Another store was opened, at an early day, by John Gibbs, near the one last mentioned, in the house now occupied by Mr. Ilibbard. The store on the southwest corner of Main and Comuior- cial streets, now Joseph Fayel's, was built about 1837 by A. Salisbury and Ichabod Thompson, who opened trade there in partnership. At one time afterwards the firm was Salisbury, Tiiompson, Ashley & Davison. The four brick stores on the east side of Commercial street, e.vtending 90 feet north from Main, and then known as Exchange block, were completed in 1845, and occupied as follows : the corner, by P. D. Bullard ; the next (now Yost's bank) by the jewelry -.store of William 1). Chapman, with office of Dr. Davison in second stor3' ; the third by Franklin Parker, with " East and West India goods ;" the fourth by Baker & Salisbury. The brick block on west side of Commercial street, now partly occupied by F. M. Peck, was erected in 1847. It comprised four stores, ^ — one owned by William Townsend, one by Thomas Gale, a third by Miles Myers and others, and the fourth by A. N. Brittan. Mr. Townsend sold his store to Anson Ranney, who removed to it from the stone store. It is of course impracticable to follow the changes down to the present time ; but in the above we have noticed the first and earlier stores and traders of Theresa village, outside of which there has been no merchandising in the town, except that of Warren Parrish and his successor, Jolin Rappole, who some years ago traded in a small way at Ivajipole s Corners, or West Theresa. POST-OFFICES — TELEGR.WH. The establishment of the post-office at Theresa was in the year 1822, upon the creation of the post-route from Champion to Alexandria Bay, by way of Evans' Mills and this village. The first postmaster was Ebenezer Lull. The mail-service was weekly, and performed on horseback by Sidney I. Jones, the first mail-carrier. The ofiice was kept at Lull's store. The second postmaster was Anson Ranney, then Alexander Salisbury, under whom the office was re- moved to the store of Salisbury & Thompson, on the oppo- site corner. The present postmaster is Alvin F. Richardson. There was formerly a post-office in the southwesterly part of the town, near the line of Le Ray, known as Military Road. This was established before 1840, and has been discontinued many years. The post-office of West Theresa was established in 1848, with Warren Parrish as postmaster. This also has been out of existence for some years. Theresa was first placed in electric communication with the outside world in 1850, by the erection of the '■Mer- chants' Line" of telegraph on the stage-road from Oswego to Ogdensburgh, by way of Watertown. The office was first located in the brick block over the store of Silas L. George, and the first operator was J. D. Moak. PUBLIC-HOUSES. In the days when the Military road was a great route of travel, several taverns were opened upon it within the limits of Theresa. Thefirstof these, as has already been mentioned, was that of Lodowiek Salisbury. The next which was opened on that road was by Elias Ilolbrook, of Le Ray, about 1827. It was afterwards kept by Austin Bates and others; the Ijuit being a Mr. Hodges, from Utica, from whom it was usually known as the Hodges' tavern. It stood on the east side of the Military road, near the pres- ent premises of J. P. Dougla.ss. The " Shufta tavern," on the same road, near the line of Le Ray, was built by John L. Farrar, of Pamelia, about 1828. He was not only a publican, but a farmer and manufacturer of pumps, which business he carried on upon these premises. Several land- lords succeeded him, among whom were Austin Bates, Marcius B. Ashley, and P. Shufta, proprietor of the house (no longer an inn) and the farm belonging to it. The '• Red Tavern," the best known of any on the road, was built about 1828, by Henry R. Morey, of Theresa village, at the road-crossing just north of Col. Ball's farm. After Morey, it was kept by Hiram Becker, Elias Glass, Austin Bates, and others. It is still standing, but in a state of decay. Benjamin Pease also opened a log tavern on the Military road as early as 1825. He had no successor. It was on the Le Ray town-line, now J. Stratton's place. Besides these, there have been two or three public-houses in other parts of the town outside of the village. One was opened about 1837, by Daniel Strough, on the La Fargevillc road, near the town-line. It was kept by him a few years and then closed. Warren Parrish also kept a tavern at West Theresa for some years. On the north side of Red lake, a few years since, John Graves erected a house on land purchased of George T. Brown, and this he opened as a summer resort for sportsmen and pleasure-seekers. It is now owned, and kept open in summer for the same pur- pose, by Alanson Cook. Of the hotels in the village, that now known as the Get- man House is identical with the " Brick Tavern," the erection of which has already been noticed. It has since been somewhat enlarged and improved. Among its land- lords, since Gen. FLsher, have been Marcius B. Ashley, S. Wilson, J. Davis, John F. Smith, W. E. Bennett, C. C. Chadwick, B. N. Hanson, Noah Perkins, Niles Terrill, and the present proprietor, Elias Getman. The American House, commenced by Stephenson in 1822, after the burning of the first hotel, but remaining unfinished for some years, occupied as an office by Dr. Brooks, and afterwards as a dwelling, was remodeled by Sewell Wilson, who excavated the sand-bank on which it stood, building under it the present brick basement, and opened it as a public-house about 1842. Among those who have succeeded him in its management were Bullard, James Chaumont, B. N. Hanson, Niles Terrill, Stephen Rheincr, Woodworth, Eddy, P. Veb- ber, and A. Church, present owner. SEPARATE TOW.V ORUANIZ.A.TION. By an act of April 15, 1841, Theresa was erected a town ; its territory — the same now embraced in its bounda- 510 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. ries — being partitioned from Alexandria. The first town- meeting was lield at the public-house of Marcius B. Ashley, in Theresa vilhigc, and resulted in the election of the fol- lowing officers, viz.: Town Clerk, Percival D. Bulhird ; Justices of the Peace, Abraham Morrow, Michael Servis, Osniyn Caswell ; As.sessor, Richard Hoover ; Comuiissiouers of Highways, Barney N. Hanson, Jonathan Halves ; Com- missioner of Common Schools, Stephen Scott ; Inspectors of Common Schools, Samuel W. Strough, Ichabod Cronkite ; Overseer of Poor, Samuel T. Brooks ; Coii.stables, Isaac L. Huntington, Jeremiah R. Hungerford, Albert W. Coven- hovcn. Alexander Salisbury, elected supervisor of Alex- andria for that year prior to the partition, held over as supervisor of the new town, under a clause of the act of erection which provided that all persons elected to town offices in Alexandria at the last previous annual meeting should continue to hold those offices, until the expiration of their term, in the towns in which their residence fell. Some other officers than the supervisor also held over in Theresa under that provision. The list oC persons e(ected to the office of supervisor from the erection of the town until the present time is as follows : Alexander Salisbury, 1841; John D. Davison, 1842-43; Archibald Fisher, 1844 and 1845; Jesse Kelsey, 1S4G; Zalmon Pool, Jr., 1847-48; Anson Ranney, 1849,1850, 1852, '53 and '54; Percival D. Bullard, 1851, 1857, 18G3; Franklin Parker, 1855 ; Joseph Fayel, 1S5G ; Nicholas D. Yost, 1858, 1859 ; Joseph Atwell, 1860 ; Benjamin P. Cheeseman, 1861-62 ; David Bearup, 1864 to 1870, inclusive; Jason C. Morrow, 1871, 1872; George E. Yost, 1873-74; and John Parker in 1875, '76, and 1877. Theresa having no town-hall, the annual town-meetings have been held at the following houses, viz. : 1841, at M. B. Ashley's; 1842, '43, '44, '45, and '46, at S. Wilson's; 1847, at J. Davis'; 1848-49, at John F. Smith's; 1850, '51, '52, '53, '54, '55, at W. E. Bennett's; 1856, 1859, '60, '62, at C. C. Chadwick's ; 1857, at James Chauniont's ; 1858, 1861, 1863, at Barney N. Hanson's; 1864, 1865, at Noah A. Perkins' ; 1866, 1871, at Niles Terrell's; 1867, at Stephen llheiner's ; 1868, '69, and '70, at Elias Getmaii's ; and from 1872 to the present time, in Dresser's hall, all these being in Theresa village. The population of Theresa in 1845 (the 1st State census after its erection) was 2109; in 1850, 2342; in 1855, 2278; in 1860, 2628; in 1865, 2515; in 1870, 2304; and in 1875, 2361 ; which is hardly an encouraging show- ing, being only an increase of 22 souls in the two decades extending from 1850 to 1870, — the hist-named date being prior to the incorporation of the village. AGRICULTURAL. A stranger on first entering the town is likelj- to hold its af;ricultiiral ca])acities in low estimation. Tlie portions, however, which join Philadelphia, Lc Ray, and Orleans are good, while the reclaimed bottoms of the lower river (elsewhere mentioned) are very productive ; and even among the ledges and steep hills cattle find excellent pasture. Dairying, particularly the manufacture of cheese, is mo.st in faviir, and is found most profitable by farmers. Most of this is done by the factories. Of these there are in the town at present 4, viz., one, of -J. P. Douglass, taking the product of 350 cows, and three factories belonging to Irwin C. Cooper, wiirkiiig the milk of 1100 cows. Besides these there are 4 Limburger cheese-factories, — Phillips', F. Park- er's, Z. Pool's, and L. Barrett's, at Kelsey bridge, averaging 75 cows each. Total number of cows represented by the factories, 1750. Of those who.se product goes to butter or to hand-made cheese, we haye no statistics. There is no Grange of the Patrons of IIu.sbandry in Theresa, neither any agricultural society. The old society in Alexandria held its second (and last) fair at There.sa in 1839, and the present society in that town has its gi'ounds — as are also the grounds of the Redwood Driving Park — just across the line in Theresa, though both are institutions pertaining especially to the village of Redwood, to which the grounds are immediately contiguous. THE PROW.NKl) LAND.S ON I.NDIAN Rn'ER. After making its last leap at Theresa Falls, the Indian river takes a long rest, and for many miles flows slowly, lazily, towards the St. Lawrence, making a descent of not more than two feet in the next sixteen miles of its winding course. All along its margin, until after it leaves the county, there are bottom lands, aggregating more than 3300 acres, which, when the white man first saw them, were covered with soft maple and elm, but which were not sidj- mergcd, except in times of extraordinary high water. The additional flowage caused by the erection of the dam of the old Ro.s.sie .smelting works, saturating, though not wholly overflowing the bottoms, gradually destroyed this growth, converted the lands into soft morasses, covered with coarse grass and button-bushes, and caused them to become gener- ally known as " the drowned lands." These tracts were included in the sale of 24,230 acres, made Feb. 15, 1836, by the Antwerp Company to Samuel Stocking and Norris M. Woodruff, who j)roceeded to di.spose of them in com- paratively snudl lots, and at low prices. Soon the project of draining the entire tract beciime agitated, and it was said in support of this that their condition was detrimental to the general health. The removal of a rock reef in the river above Rossie would accomplish the desired object (the smelting works having been already removed), and for the power to do this the legislature was petitioned. The result was the passage of an act (April 10, 1850) conferring the desired power on Archibald I'^isher, Abraham 3Iorrow, and George W. Clark, as commissioners ; the cost of removal and damages resulting to be a.ssossod on the lands drained. Nothing was done under this act, and a second was passed April 12, 1852, appointing Archibald Fi.sher, L. W. De Zeng, of Redwood, and A. P. ^Ior.se, of Hammond, com- missioners to carry on the work and cut away the reef to the depth of five feet. The hostility of .Mr. Parrish again defeated the improvement, and for nearly 15 years more the river remained as it had been. On the 3d of April, 1865, the legislature passed "an act to provide for the promotion of the public health, and for draining and reclaiming overflowed and wet lands adjoin- ing the Indian river," etc., and provided for assessments on the lands, to cover the total outlay, which was estimated at 86415, including damages for the destruction of the water- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 517 power of D. Parrish and Thomas McRobbie. David Bcarup, Fiarikliii Parker, and Cliarlos Luiii were appointed commissioners, under whom tin; work was prosecuted ; but the desired effect was not produced, altiiouijh tlie river was lowered to some extent. Under these circumstances the leirislature was .soon after- • wards asked for a State ajipropriatiun for the improvement of the navigation of Indian river at this point; and in response to this petition a i;runt of $10,000 was made for that purpose, to be expended by J;ison C. Morrow, Wilbur ¥. Porter, of Watcrtown, and Rodney I. Sinionds, of Tiieresa. Under these iientlemen the work proceeded, but as, at the expiration of the term for wliich they were ap- pointed, they had expended only a portion of the funds, the balance remaining in their hands was deposited with tlie State treasurer, as required by the terms of the act; but it was soon discovered by those interested, that, having been once returned to the treasury, this balance could not be redrawn by now commissioners for the completion of the work, except under the authority of further leuisjation. Accordingly, a new act was procured, investing Ueorge E. Yost, L. W. Tyler, and 11. I. Siraonds with autliority, as commissioners, to draw the balance, and expend it ujion the Work, whieii they did in a manner and with a result satisfactory to the projectors, namely, a marvelous enhance- ment of the productiveness of the '' drowued lands." Wherever the jiiow has been put to them since their re- clamation, it has turned up a soil which is at first sight clayey and untractable, but which, upon exposure, becomes soft and friable, said to be much like the flats of the Mohawk ; too rich for oats, but yielding great crops of wheat and corn, and apparently inexhaustible in its fertility. The opinion is freely ailvaneed by some (and it does not seem to be wholly an absurd one) that, on asking legislation for the purpo.se above-named, the petitioners may have had in view other ends than the promotion of health or of inland navigation, and that the latter, instead of having been improved, has been permanently injured by the lowering of the river-bed. NAVIGATION OP THE RIVER. The firet navigation of the Indian river in Theresa (other than that by SCOWS and canoes propelled by hand power) was by the little steamer " Indian Chief," 70 feet in length, and 11 feet beam, side wheels; engineer and master, C P. Ryther, now of Carthage. The enterprise was commenced by an association of individuals, each taking one sluirc at §25, except J. A. Haddock who took 2 shares, and E. V. Fisher and George T. Brown, 4 shares each. The hull was built at Indian Landing below the mills at Theresa, was launched April 24, 1858, and had received her machinery and commenced running in the May following. On her start she drew 8 inches of water, and her draft when fully laden was 18 inches. She was run as an excursion boat, wood-drogher and tow-boat for logs, for about five years, then sold to Warren & Gray, who took her by land round the obstructions at Rossie, and placed her to run between that place and Huevelton. They afterwards took her upon the St. Jiawrence, where she was nseil as a ferry-boat between Morristown and HroekvilK', and in this service was worn out. The second steamer on this river was a very small sidc- wheeler purchased by Win. D. Chapman, upon the Erie canal, about 1860. He brought it by land transportation to Theresa, ran it for a lime for excursions, etc., then sold her to be taken to Alexandria Ray. The third steamer — a flat-boat, called thQ " Lady of the Lake" — was built at In- dian Landing, by Mr. Chapman, who also afterwards sold her to parties at Alexandria Ray, but reserved the engine, which he placed in another boat, built by himself at Thercsji and called the ''Sir John Keach." This boat is still run- ning between Theresa village and the plank-road bridge, l(j miles below, and is owned by Henry Simonds. The other boat, which is still running (and the 5th steamer which has jilied on the river at this place), is the " Eldo- rado," built bj' David Bearup, Esq., and run under Ins directions until 1S7G, when she was purcha.scd by James McAllaster. She is the largest of the five boats which have.run to and from Theresa on the Indian river. Their trade has never been remunerative, and their future pros- pects here are not encouraging. MILLS AND JIANUKACTOKIES. There are several mills and manufacturing cstablisliment.s in Theresa which merit more than a bare mention, .some of which occupy the sites of older establishments of their kind which have pa.ssed away by the hand of time, or flood, or conflagration.* Webster's planing-niill and wood-working shop stands on the site of Le Ray's mill of 1811. This was demolished and rebuilt by Le Ray about twelve years later; was sold to Percival Bullard in 1823, pas,scd to M. B. and Stephen Ashley about 1830, and finally decayed and was discon- tinued. Succeeded by wood-machine shop, built by Geo. Wilson; burned in the fire of 1852; rebuilt by Wil.son ; burnt in 1859; rebuilt by Y. & A. Cooper; was twice carried away by floods, and, after more changes, came into possession of Otis Brooks and Jenkins, who sold to Charles Pool, the present owner. It is operated by AVebster Bros. Pool's .saw-mill, south side of river, lower dam, was erected in 1848, by Z. Pool, Jr.; sold to Charles Pool in 1S52 ; burnt in l.Sy'J; rebuilt by Pool same year. Atone time, a planing-mill and chair-factory was carried on there. It is now only a saw- and shingle-mill. The Empire flour-mill stands on the site of Le Ray's first grist-mill, before mentioned. The present stone mill was built by Charles Pool, tlie present owner, immediately after the destruction of his previous one on the same spot. "■■ The most disdftrous fire which Theresa has ever known com- iiiunccd nt iniilnight on the 12th of May, ISj9, at the mills nnd fhops on the south side of the lower bridge, on which il cro.sged, to spread devastation on the north side of the river. The property destroyed was as follows: One barn and 2 dwellings (one of these being the "mill house" built by Le Ray in ISIl, the first house in Theresa); two saw-mills, — Pool's nnd Fisher's; one wnod-working shop, owned by (5. AV. Flower: G. Wilson's iron-working machine-shop; a saw- mill and foundry, owned by Willis (iregory ; Pool's grist-mill, stand- ing on the site of the present mill, and the cloth-factory of John C. Collis. The bridge was totully destroyed. The foundry, now Wake- field's, escaped, .is it had in 1852, when Wilson's mill and the wood- shop had been destroyed at only a few yards' distance. The grent flood in the spring of 186^ also did great damage, carrying away the upper dam, the covered bridge, and other property. 518 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. in the fire of 1859. It is equipped with four run of stones. The chair-factory of A. N. Brittan, at the lower dam, left bank of river, .stands on a site ])urehn.sed by Petor II. Riley of M. B. and S. Ashley, on whieh, about 1845, he erected a frame blacksmith-shop, which escaped the tire of 1852, but was consumed in that of 1850. Rebuilt as tub and cheese-box flictory by Geo. W. Flower ; passed from him to David Augsbury, then to A. N. Brittan ; again destroyed by fire in 1870, after which the owner erected the present woiks. Wakefield's Foundry was built by George Wilson about 1848, and emploj'ed in the manufacture of stove and agri- cultural iuijilemcnt castings. Standing like a salamander through the different fires which have scorched it, it has pas.sed through various bauds to those of its present owner, Ceylon Wakefield. Collis' Cloth -Factory, north side of lower dam, is on the seat of the fiist fulling-mill, built by N. M. Flower about 1822. Flower sold a half-interest to John C. Collis about 1840. Weaving niachiiieiy was put in ; Collis bought the interest of Flower after his death ; the mill escaped the fire of 1852; was destroyed, as has been seen, in 1859; was rebuilt, as at present, by Mr. Collis, to whose estate it now belongs. Stockwell's Tub-Factory and saw-mill, lower dam, north side, is the successor of the saw-mill built by A. Walton, Esq., soon after his settlement here. It was burnt in 1859, and rebuilt by Archibald Fi-sher ; passed by inheritance to Elbert V. Fi.sher ; part interest was aci|uired by Daniel Barnes, and the business of cheese-box and butter-tub manu- facture added. The present proprietor is E. S. Stockwell. Gregory's Foundry, destroyed by fire of 1859, was built by George Wilson in 1845 or '46. It stood on north side, lower dam, near the Collis factory. The upper dam across Indian river at Theresa village was built by Anson Ranuey about 1839. He also erected a saw-mill at that time, at its northeasterly end, which mill was kept in operation for a few years and then demolished. Its last proprietors were Ilildreth & Woolidge. The Indian river flour-mill, on the left bank of the river at this dam, is a frame building, erected in 1839 or '40 by A. Ranney, the millwright being Isaac Barrett. After Ranney, the next ]iro]iiietor was A. D. Gardner, and if has passed through other hands to the present owners, Messrs. Snells & Makepeace. It uses 6 run of burrs, and is one of tlic finest mills in the county. The I'laning-mill, Door- and Sash-Factory, etc., on the right bank at this dam, is the .successor of a similar estab- lishment built by Brooks it Sheley. The projirietor of the present works is E. 1). Sheley, who erected lliem in 1870. A nuichiiic-.shop (iron-working) has been recently added. The above comprise all the establishments in the town of Theresa using water-power, except four saw-mills, as follows : The Seebcr .saw-mill on Indian river, about \>, miles above the village, built by Wm. Sceber, about 1825, at a point farther np the river, destroyed by flood, rebuilt by Seeber on present site, and now owned by Brittan ; the So]ior sawmill, on tlie outlet stream of the Lake of the Woods, built about 1830 by Lawrence Goodale of Carthage, then engaged in considerable lumbering operations in that region, afterwards sold to Grinnell, and now owned by Or- ange Soper ; R. Gleason's mill, on a small, dry creek enter- ing the river in the northern point of the town, built about 1845; and the Suydam mill, between Mill-Site and But- tcrfield lakes, built by Curtis Mann before 1840, bought by the Redwood Iron Ccmipany, and, the power being again in • disu.se by reason of the collapse of that concern, the mill was recently rebuilt by the present proprietor, Mr. Suydam. In the year 1847, the " Redwood Iron Company," com- posed of Joseph C. Budd, AVm. Bones, and Samuel T. Hooker, commenced to build a smelting-fuinace on great lot No 91, on the west side of Mill-Site lake, for the re- duction of iron ore, supplied by their mines in the vicinity. They started in the fall of 1848, and continued work until the spring of 1850, during which time they produced an aggregate of nearly 1100 tons of iron. The enterprise was then definitely abandoned as unprofitable. The cost of their works was about $8000. INCORPORATION OF THERESA VILL.\GE — ITS PRESENT BUSINESS. The village of Theresa was incorporated, June 29, 1871, under the general act of April 20, 1870, for incorporation of villages. The first election was held on the 29th of July, resulting in the choice of the following officers : Presi- dent, George E. Yost; Trustees, John Parker, Ambrose Walradt, Gideon Snell, Sr. ; Treasurer, Hiram P. Salisbury; Collector, Charles Fairbanks. And the trustees appointed Melvin E. Cornwell clerk. The .sum of S75 was voted " to procure a Lock-up," and §25 " to procure a Pound." John Parker was appointed to enipliiy a surveyor to survey and map the corporation, and this was done by George Rockwell. The boundaries are irregular, and embrace an area of about 1200 acres. The present oflScers of the vil- lage are, James Cooper, president ; L. W. Tyler, Jacob II. Snell, and Charles Brittan, trustees; Jason C. Morrow, treasurer; Byron J. Worsley, collector. Theresa is now a village of nearly 1000 inhabitants, and contains, in addition to the hotels, mills, and manufactories already mentioned, 3 churches, 2 school-hou.ses, the post- office, the railway buildings, 1 banking-house, 2 physicians, 2 lawyers, a Masonic lodge and chapter, 1 job-printing of- fice, 5 general stores, 3 groceries, 2 drug-stores, 1 boot- and shoe-store, 2 hardware-, 2 milliuery-, and 3 furniture- stores, 2 blacksmith-shops, 2 harness- and saddlery-, and 2 wagon-shojis, and the fishing-tackle manufactory of Wm. I). Chapman, said to be one of the most extensive and best known of the kind in the country. TllKKF.SA LODGE, NO. 174, Y. AM) A. SI., was organized Nov. 28, 1849, with (lie tollowing officers, viz., John D. Davison, Master ; John .Moak, Senior War- den ; John Dillenback, Junior Warden ; .Manson Doolittle, Trea.surer ; J. B. Davison, Secretary; A. Baker, S, D, ; A. Morrow, J. D. ; George W. Cornwell, Tyler; which li.st also comprises the names of all the original members of the lodge. The membership is now 161, and the present officers arc Jesse D. Moak, Master; John F. Lambie, S. AV. ; Charles W. Thompson, J. W. ; Hiram P. Salisbury, ■7 nsrionoL^s The story of tlic life of this well-remembered citizen IS one of humble beginning, of energetic and persistent effort, crowned i>y for more than the usual measure of worldly success ; the more to be admired and emulated because it was not gained by the surrender of any prin- vipU'. of right or probity, and wiis accompanied by the ap- preciation and respect of the wide comniunitv in which he was known. His father, William Yo.t, a native of Johnstown, Montgomery County, New York, was born on the 2i)th of August, 1779, and was married to Dor«,s Doxtater, by which union were born four sons antl seven daughters, in all eleven children, of whom four are still living; one in Virginia, one in Michigan, one in Wis- '•. Alexander Williamson, and the present supply. Rev. J. A. Canfield. The whole number of members enrolled since the forma- tion of the church is 247, and the number now on the roll is 80. On Dec. 22, 1835, a society ( bculy curjiorate) was formed, with Ans(ni Ranney, James Sliurtliff, and Nathan M. Flower, trustees, who, in union with the Methodists, built a church costing SI 800, and which was dedicated in September, 1838, Revs. R. Pettibone, Presbyterian, and Jesse Peck, I^Iethodist. officiating at the ceremonies. In 1849, the Methodist interest in the edifice was purcha.sed by the Presbyterians, and it has since been their house of worship. Of the original members of the church, enrolled more than half a century since, two still remain, namely, Mrs. Lucinda Morrow, lacking but a few days of 80 years, and Mrs. Re- lief Bodman, nearly 96 years of age. They are both slill able til attend divine worship, though the elder lady resides about two miles from the meeting-house. THE METHOIIIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Methodism in Theresa is half a century old, the first class being organized in 1827, by Rev. Squire Chase. Another of the early preachers who served them was Rev. Lindley T. Gibbs, then an itinerant. The organization under the statute was effected Dec. 22, 1835, with S. T. Brooks, Alexander H. Morgan, and Benjamin Barnes, trustees. Their worship was held in the selioul-house and in private dwellings, until 1838, when their first church edifice — built in union with the Presbyterians — was completed, at a cost of S1800, and was dedicated in September of that year, the Rev. Jesse Peek, on the part of this church, officiating at the ceremonies. In 1849 the Methodist interest in this building was sold to the Pre.sb\'terians, and a new church was built the following year at the place where Dresser's hall now is. This building, 30 by 00 feet in size, was destroyed by fire April 27, 1860. A new site was then purchased, on which the present house of worship was erected, and was dedicated in February, 1802. The present memberehip is 175 ; pastor. Rev. Simon P. Gray. A pros- perous Sabbath-school is connected with the church ; Charles Pool, superintendent. Some years since a small chapel was built near the outlet of the Lake of the Woods by Jlethodists residing in the northern and eastern portions of the town, and in this building (now in a state of repair amounting almost to di- lapidation) meetings are occasionally held, under jireachers from the Plessis charge. ST. J.\MES' CHURCH (EPISCOPAL). The first clergymen of the Protestant Episcopal church who ever conducted services in Theresa were Revs. Star- key, Hills, and Levi Norton. This was before the organi- zation of the parish, which was made July 16, 1848, with the following communicants, Daniel Parker, Horace Parker, Franklin Parker, E. W. Lewis, Dr. Lucius Hannahs and wife, and Percy Jarvis. The parish was admitted to union with the Diocesan Convention in the same year. In 1S50, Rev. W. A. Fiske, who had held this as a mission before the organization, became rector, and through his efforts, and those of Franklin Parker, E. W. Lewis, and Horace Parker, contributions were raised towards the building of a church, and the corner-stone was laid by Rt. Rev. Bisliop Do Lancey, July 19, 1850. Aid was also received from Trinity church, and the edifice, a Gothic structure, after the plans of R. Upjohn, of New York, was completed at a cost of S260O, and was con.secratcd by Bishop De Lancey, Aug. 7, 1851. This building is their jiresent hou.se of worship. Its tower was demolished and the church other- wise injured in a violent gale in 1863, the repair of which damage cost the parish nearly S500. On Jan. 1, 1852, Rev. Mr. Fiske resigned the rectorate, and was succeeded in February by Rev. B. W. Whitcher, who remained until Feb. 13, 1854. Rev. Robert Horwood took charge Feb. 11, 1855, remaining until May (i, 1857, when he resigned, and was succeeded by Rev. M. B Benton, who in turn was followed by Rev. Dennis Smith, deacon, who was ordained to the priesthood in this church by Bishop De Lancey. After a charge of two and a half years Mr. Smith resigned, and on Sept. 28, 1863, departed to a better world. He HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 521 was inteiTc'J in the Theresa cemetery, his burial-services being conducted by Rev. Theodore Bahcock, D.D. Rev. John B. Linn took charge Sept. 17, 1805, and re.signed in August, 1SG9. Rev. Francis W. Hilliard took charge May 20, 1870. In July, 1873, he wa.s placed in charge of an associate mission, including Theresa, Redwood, Ant- werp, and Evans' Mills, and in September of the same year Rev. Hugh Bailey, deacon, became the rector's assist- ant. Mr. Hilliard resigned the rectorship in February, 1874, and Rev. John J. Andrews was placed in charge in the following May. He resigned May 2, 1875, and was succeeded by Rev. Charles A. Wenman, who served the parish for two years and five months, resigning 5Iay 1, 1877, but continuing to hold services until Oct. 1, when he was succeeded by Rjv. J. B.irtou Finn, deacon. THERESA CEMETERY. At the laying out of the village, Mr. Le Ray reserved a spot, supposed to be about one acre, as a gift to the public for cemetery purposes. It was not until Feb. 7, 1833, however, that a deed of the plat was executed to John D. Davison, supervisor, by Francis Depau, attorney of Le Ray, and S. C. Kanady, general land-agent. It was surveyed by Jason Clark and found to contain ly'j'j acres. The first interment in it was that of ^Ir. Castleman, drowned in 1821, while attempting to secure a log in the river above the falls. Soon after, in the same year, the second burial was made ; that of the colored girl who perished in the fire of Stephenson's tavern. At the first town-meeting in Theresa, May 11, 1841, it was voted '' that the sum of 830 be raised for the purpose of improving the public burial-ground in the village of Theresa, and that three trustees be appointed to take charge of said burial-ground, to expend the sum raised in the improvement and laying out in lots''' the said ground, and that Jesse S. Doolittle, Nathan M. Flower, and Alex- ander Salisbury be said trustees." In 1850, S25 wa.s voted to fence and repair the ground. In ISUO, §10 was voted to improve it, and at the annual meeting in 18G3, S250 was raised " to enlarge the burying-ground," and it wa.? accordingly enlarged by the purchase of about two acres, adjoining its westerly side, from George P. Fox. The ground is eligibly located upon a high, dr^- spot, command- ing a fine vitw of the valley of the Indian river. The other burial-grounds are comparatively little used; the greater ])art of those dying in the town being interred in the cemetery at the village. The grave-yard on the river-road, near Kelsey's bridge, was taken from the Kelsey farm many years ago. Members of that family, however, and others who were residents of that vicinity, have been brought to the Theresa cemetery. The Chase burial- ground, located near the Philadelphia road, on the town- line, was taken from the original farm of Otis Alden, one of the early settlers, and one who is buried there. This is an old place of burial of the Clnise family and of the neighborhood, both in Theresa and Philadelphia. There is an interment-ground, taken from the farm of Osmyn Caswell, lying on the west side of the Evans" Mills road, near the residence of Amos Hoover. The first burial there was in 1835, — a child of Benjamin Pease. On the west side of the Military road, near the east .shore of Mud lake, aixl within three- fourths of a mile of Red- wood, lies the village cemetery belonging to that place ; also the cemetery of the Catholic church in Redwood ; but these, although lying just within the domain of Theresa, do not belong to her, hut to the town of Alexandria. They were taken from the farm of Robert Adams. I'llYSICIAN.'*. The principal doctor to practice the healing art in The- resa, as a resident physician, was Dr. John D. Davison, who came from Panielia in 1824. He died Sept. 22, 1865, aged 72 years. His two sons, James and Nathan, adopted their father's profession, and were both promising young physicians, but died early in life. Nathan survived his father, and died in 1874. Dr. James 15. Carpenter located in the town in 1812, or thereabouts, and removed later to Philadelphia, being in the latter place as late as 1853. Dr. Samuel J. Gaines was a resident physician of this town in 1820, or thereabouts. Dr. Catlin was a student of Dr. Jno. D. Davison. Dr. Oliver Brewster, from Lynie to Theresa, was in eomjiany with Dr. Davi.son, and died in the town. Dr. Rexford Davi.son was a nejdiew and student of Dr. J. D. Davison. Dr. Lucius Hannahs came to Theresa also from Lyme, and was in jiractice for tuany years in this town, dying here in 1S7G. His brother. Dr. Kilbourn Hannahs, is a physician of AVaterlown. Dr. J. R. Sturtevant and Dr. James E. Kelsey, students of old Dr. Davison, are at present resident physicians of Theresa. Dr. Marvin J. Hutchins, of Redwood, is also a student of the old veteran. The above, except Drs. Carpenter, James and Rexford Davi.son, and Hannahs, were or are members of the Jefferson County Medical Society. The publishers are under obligations to David Bearup, Esq., Reverends J. A. Canfield, Clias. A. Wenman, and S. P. Gray, Messrs. Jesse S. Doolittle, P. D. Bullard, Geo. E. Yost, Nathaniel W. Lull, Joseph Fayel, Charles Pool, E. V. Fisher, Geo. W. Cornwell, Esq., and Wm. Dresser, Esq., for valuable assistance in the preparation of the history of Theresa. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. * This was evidently the fir:-t hiding uut of th^ ground in luts. JONATHAN STRATTON. The grandfather of the subject of this sketch was a sol- dier in the Revolutionary War, and was engaged in the battle of Bennington. Jefferson S. Stratton, the father of Jona- than, was born in Bennington in 1801, and moved to Jef- ferson County in 1832, traveling the whole distance with his horses and wagon, with his wife and six children, and settled in the town of Pamelia. In 1839 he settled in the town of Theresa, and in May, 1853, removed to Michigan, where he now resides. Jonathan was born in 1829, and moved with his parents 522 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. to this county, wliere he now resides, in the town of The- resa, on the old homestead which he and liis father cleared and built up, a view of which, together with the portraits of himself and wife, are found elsewhere in this work. In 1852 he married Chloe A. Wilson, of Philadelphia, Jefferson Co. The result of this union was six ehildreti, namely, Lewis W., born April 9, 1854; Mary J., born August 29, 1855 ; Ruth Emma, born January 21, 1857, and died August 10, 1874 ; Elbie J., born April 29, 1859 ; Cora E., born April 14, 1807; and Belle C, boru February 13, 18G9. Mary J. married John Timmemian December 29, 1875. Jona- than received a common-sehool education, and then learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he followed for ten years; since which time he has been engaged in farming and dairying. Mr. Stratton has always affiliated with the Dem- ocratic party. Both he and his estimable wife are consist- ent members of the Methodist church, of which Mr. Strat- ton has been for several years a class-leader. He has always been a strictly temperate man, and one of Theresa's most respected citizens. -6=»>. d^^»**- W I L N A. The town of Wilna was formed from Le Ray -and Leyden (Lewis county), April 2, 1813, by an act which altered the line of the two counties, and annexed a part of Lewis to Jefferson. It is situated upon Black river, in the extreme eastern part of the county. Its surface is broken, and is chiefly underlaid by the primary rock, which rises into low, naked ridges, and by calcareous sandstone. Upon Black river, which forms the western boundary of th(! town, are a series of rapids, forming an abundance of water-power at several places. The form of the town is very irregular, and its area is about equal to nine miles square. A large portion of the town is still uncultivated, and is covered with a dense growth nf ma]ile, beech, basswood, oak, hemlock, etc. The soil is a light loam, producing the various crops of the country. The first town-meeting wa.s held at the liouse of Thomas Brayton, Jr., and the j)0or-moneys of the three towns* were to be e(|ually divided by the last tax list. For many years the town-meetings have been held at the " Checkered House," four miles from Carthage village. The first town officers elected were Thomas Brayton, .super- visor; Elihu Stewart, clerk; John B. Bos.sout, Caleb Fulton, and Enoch Griffin, assessors ; Robert C. Hastings, collec- tor; Henry Lewis and AU'ri'd Freeman, overseers of the poor; Henry Lewis, Freedom Gates, and Thomas Brayton, commissioners of highway.s. The succession of SUPERVISORS has been as follows: 1814-15, Thomas Brayton; 181G, .\lfred Freeman; 1817, Francis Lloyd, T. Brayton to fill vacancy; 1818-19, Nathan Brown; 182(1-2, Thomas Bray- ton; 1823-7, Eli West; 1828-9, Thomas Baker; 1830-2, Eli AVest; 1833, Walter Nimoeks; 1834, William Bones; 1H35-G, Walter Nimoeks; 1837, William Bones; 1838, Oliver Child ; 1839, Walter Nimoeks; 1840-1, Eli West; 1842, Jonathan Wood; 1843, Walter Nimoeks; 1844, \N'ilnn, Lv Kay, mid lii'^iltMi. Milton II. Carter; 1845, Charles Strong; 184G, Hiram McCollom; 1847-9, Simeon Fulton; 1850-1, William Christian; 1852-3, Horace Hooker; 1854, Samuel Keys; 1855-5G, Nel.son D. Furgu.son ; 1857, William Chrisban ; 1858, Patricks. Stuart; 1859, Samuel Keys; 18G0-1-2-3, Charles W, Smith; 18G4-5-6, William Christian; 18G7, James H. Morrow; 18G8, Lawrence J. Goodale; 18G9, James H. Morrow; 1870, William Christian; 1871-2, Henry W. Hammond; 1873-4, Foster Penniman; 1875- G-7, James Galvin. In 1815-16-17-19-20-23, was voted a wolf bounty of $5 ; in 1827-8, of $10, with $5 forwolf whelps. In 1831, the path-masters were allowed to lay out three days' labor in destroying noxious weeds. In 184G, strong resolutions were passed in favor of the Black River Canal. SETTLEMENTS. Settlement was commenced in the fall of 1794 by agents of the Castorland Company.f In 1798, Henry Boutin, who had purcha.scd one thousand acres of land of Rodolpli Tillier, agent of the French Company, on the east side of the river, at the village of Carthage, made a considerable clearing. Jean Bapliste Bossout, a native of France, came from the High Falls during the same year, and after the abandonment of the clearing he remained the sole inhab- itant for several years, keejiing a ferry and inn for travelers. Wiishington Irving made a tour to Ogdensburgh by way of the Black river in the year 1803. In volume four of his Ijife and Letters, written by himself, he gives a full account of this journey. After describing his route down the river from the High Falls, during which his party killed a deer in the river, he says : " In the evening wo arrived at B.'s, at tlio hcail of tlio Long Kails. A dirtier liouse was never seen. We dubbed it the 'Temple of Dirt,' but we contrived to have our venison cooked in a cleanly manner by Mr. Ogden's servant, and it made very fine stcalts, which, after living for two days on crackers and ginger-bread, were highly acceptable. ■f Kor full account of thiji .scltleuieiit, sec gcncr;il history. ^rs/D£wc£ or SIMEON FULTON. Wilna, H. Y. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NE\V YORK. 523 " Fn'dat/. ihe 13th. — Wc prepared to leave the Temple of Dirt, and set out ftliout sixty miles tlirough the woods to Ogdensburgli. We ate an uneouit'ortaljic breakfast, for indeed it was impossible to relish anything in a house so completely filthy. The landlady herself was in perfect character with the house, — a little squat Frenchwoman, with a red face, a black wool hat stuck upon her head, her hair, greasy and uncombed, hanging about her ears, and the rest of her dress and person in similar style. Wo were heartily glad to make our escape." Before leaving, the young traveler wrote with a pencil over the fireplace the following memorial : ** Here sovereign Dirt erects her sable throne. The house, the host, the hostess all her own." Some years afterwards, Mr. Hoffman, traveling with Judge Will. Cooper, father of the novelist, pa.ssed this way and .sto])ped at the same hou.se. The pencil-lines were still legible, and the judge, who had seen too much of frontier life to be over-nice about trifles, wrote underneath: " Learn hence, young man, and teach it to your sons. The wisest way's to take it as it comes." The ferry established by Mr. Bossout was kept up till the bridge was built in 1813 by Ezra Church. The first birth in the town of Wilna was that of George Bossout, in April, 1805. The second, that of Mr. John Hewit, in Septenibcr of that year. The first store was built by Mr. Quilliard in 1818 or 1!), on the site of the present depot of the Utica and Black River Railroad Company. Boutin was drowned below the village a few years after his first .settlement, and J. Le Ray was appointed to ad- minister the estate, which was sold at auction, and was pur- chased by Vincent Le Ray, from whom the titles in Car- thage village and vicinity have been since derived. E.VRLY MANUFACTURES. The place which had previously been known as the Long Falls was, on the erection of a post-ofiice, called Cartknge. In ISOG, David Coffcen built a grist-mill upon the west bank and constructed a bridge partly across the river, and this was subsequently completed by those owning the forge on the east bank. A forge was built in 1810, above the site of the furnace afterwards built, which wa.s burned during the same year ; and soon after, James Barney, Francis Lloyd, and Nathan Brown, from Fort Ann, N. Y., having lea,sod for ten years the water-power, with privileges of ore, coal, etc., erected a forge in the lower part of the village, which wa.s got into successful operation, making chiefly mill-irons and anchors. This business gave the first impulse to the growth of the place, but Jlr. Barney having soon afterwards died, the property reverted to Le Ray. The purchase-money for lands .sold by the Antwerp Company having been invi^sted in United States stocks, was subse- quently realized by the company in money, and May 20, 1816, loaned to Mr. Le Ray, for the purpose of building a furnace and opening a road between the furnace and the St. Lawrence, with such other improvements as might be necessary to enhance the value of their remaining lands. The Alexandria road and other communications were opened accordingly ; and in 1819 a blast-furnace was erected under the supervision of Claudius S. Quilliard. A refining-forge with two additional fires was built in lS20-l,and in the fall of 1820 the furnace was got into operation. The stack was 30 feet square at the ba.se and 2 4 feet high. At first bog ore was used, which was procured from swamps in the country and from near the river in Lewis county. About 1838, specular ores from St. Lawrence county and from Antwerp and Philadelphia in this county, began to be used in the blast. The pivnii.ses have been four times burned, and the accident known as " blowing up" had several times happened, being caused by the clogging up of damp, loomy ores, below which a cavity will form. When the support.s below melt away the mass above falls, and the dampness in the ore being subjected to a sudden and intense heat, is changed instantly into steam and explodes with terrific violence. This accident is known only where bog ores are used alone. Upon using rock ores the height of the furnace was increased to 28 feet, and two tewels, or pipes for air, were used instead of one. The Kearney ore was drawn 24 miles, and cost §1.25 to 82.25 per ton on the bank, and about $3 for drawing. The ore from the Shurtliff bed in Philadelphia, seventeen miles distant, cost 81. 50 to 82.00 for drawing, 50 cent.s for raising, and 50 cent.s for the ore. It was worked alone sometimes, yielded aliont thirty-five per cent., and made a very hard metal, known as " cold short." The Carthage furnace produced from two to three tons of iron daily from eight to ten months per year until 1846, when it was abandoned, and nothing was done until 1863, when the projicrty was purchased by Mes.srs. Cole & Allen. At the time of this purchase the premises had been out of use for so long a time, and had fallen into such a state of decay, as to re(|uire rebuilding through- out. It was not until 1865 that the furnace was again in operation. In May, 186(), the dam was carried away, necessitating a stay of operations until the fall of that year. The works remained idle until 1870, when the works were purchased by the present company, known as the " Carthage Iron Company," of which R. N. Gere is presi- dent, L. H. .Mills, vice-president, and C. F. Bissill, secretary. This company have enlarged the furnace, and are manufac- turing about ten tons of iron per day. The ore used at present is taken from the Sliurtliff mines, and the iron pro- duced is mostly used in the manufacture of car-wheels. EARLY BRIDGES. The bridge built by Ezra Church in 1813 stood until 1829, when the bridge and turnpike were surrendered to the towns, and the piers of the old bridge were bought by the towns of Champion and Wilna. In 1829, J. C. Budd built a series of bridges from island to island below the present State dam. It soon, in consequence of the flood, became useless, and was abandoned. The upper bridge in 1829, thnuigh the influence of Dr. Eli West and others, by a contribution of 81600, was built, and lasted eleven years. A covered bridge was erected upon the .same site in 1840. The '■ Carthagenian Library' was funned May 12, 1818. . Sylvian Bullard, David Wright, Nathan Brown, Lanis Cof- feen, Ebenezer Sabins, Seth Hooker, John Wait, Elijah Fulton, Walter Nimocks, S. E. Angelis, John Hodgkins, and John Belmot were the first trustees. The collection of this society, amounting to 500 volumes, was sold at auction June 14, 1845. 524 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Nail-works were erected in 1828, and continued about ten years, the nails being made from bar-iron. In 184G an extensive nail-factory and rollinjr-mill were built by Hiram McCuUoni, which have long since been discontinued, and in 1849 and 1850 an exten.sive cotton-factory. While this factory was being built, Mr. William Manning, one of the workmen who was engaged upon the building, fell from the roof, a distance of seveiUy-one feet, striking in a small but rajiid stream of water. This stream, although but a few inches in dc]ith, prevented him striking directly upon the rocks, and his friends found him seated upon the rocks, slightly brui.scd, but with no bones broken. The State road to the Oswegatchie, opened in 1802-6, afforded the principal avenue to St. Lawrence county, and made this point one of much importance, as through it must pass all the travel to the central and .southern parts of the State. The St. Lawrence turnpike, built in 1812-13, added another avenue to the northern settlements, and made the erection of a bridge necessary. TOLL-BRIDGE. An act was passed, June 8, 1812, authorizing Russell Atwatcr and associates " to build a toll-bridge, over Black river, at the place where the State road leading to Oswe- gatchie crosses, the same being at the head of the Long Fails, in Champion, in the county of Jefferson." The principal party in this enterprise is understood to have been David Parish, the eminent financier, and extensive purchaser of northern lands. The act reipiircd the bridge to be sixteen feet wide, well built, and completed before Nov., 1813. Before opening, it was to be examined by the road commissioners of Champion, and the act was to continue in force twenty years. If damaged and not re- paired within twelve months, it was to revert to the State. A bridge was accordingly erected in 1812, the architect being Ezra Church, and maintained till 1820. On the 28th day of iNIarch in that year, the act was extended twenty years, as the bridge was .so decayed that it re(|uired to be rebuilt. Early in 1820, an effort was made to secure by subscription the means of building a free bridge ; a meeting of the towns was called, and the piers of the toll- bridgj were purchased for $500. At this time, those in- terested in the lower part of the village, among whom the most active was Mr, Joseph C, Budd, started a project of erecting a bridge across the river, among the islands which abound at the Long Falls, and this project, aided by Mr, Im Ray and others, led to the erection of a passage across the river, by a series of five bridges thrown from island to island. At the next spring flood this bridge was injured, and it was again repaired. The next flood .so injured the work that it was never rejiaircd, and it soon fell into ruin. Tlie u])pcr bridge, through the influence of Pr. Eli West and others, was built by subscription the same summer (1829) as a free bridge, at a cost of -SKJOO, and lasted eleven years, when, in 1840, it being found necessary to rebuild, a meeting of Champion and Wilna was called, which procured an act, May 7, allowing a loan from the school-fund of $2500 to Champion ; §750 to Le Ray ; S2000 to Wilna; and S750 to I'anu'lia for bridges; among others, this one. A covered bridge was built, at a cost of $5000, which lasted until 1853, when preparations had been made to rebuild, and the contract was let. An act was passed, A]>ril 11, 1853, a.ssuming it as a State work, on the ground that it was over a portion of the river which is acknowledged to be a jiart of the Black River Canal, During the .summer and fdl of 1853 a substantial bridge was built by the State. Within ten years from the first imiirovement of this town, settlements had begun along the main road north, and inns had been opened by Alfred Freeman, at the " Checkered House," and Henry Lewis, located nine miles from the river. Few farms were locatcdT however, before the War of 1812. The iron business, with the several branches of industry which it fostered, with the advan- tages of a valuable water-power, and the vicinity of an early-settled district upon the opposite side of the river, gave a gradual growth to tlie village of Carthage. THE FIRST STEAMBOAT that navigated the Black river wa.s called the " Cornelia," and was built at Carthage in 1832, by Mr. Paul Boynton, for a stock company consisting of Vincent Le Ray, Wil- liam Bones, J. C. Budd, Hiram JlcCollom, Eli We.st, Seth Hooker, and James Welch, and others. The cost of this boat was $6000. Its keel was 90 feet long, and the breadth across the guards 22 feet. The first trip was made Sept. 22, 1832, to Lowville, where she grounded, and was got oft" with much difiiculty. The boat continued to run the ensuing season to the High Falls, with an hourl3' speed of six and one-half miles, frequently getting aground, and proving to be too large for the river, and eventually be- coming nearly a total loss to the ]iroprietors, of whom Mr. Le Ray was the princi]ial, A thrilling incident occurred during the first trip of this boat to the falls. The man at the tiller, wishing to show the party on board and the spec- tators on shore the qualities of his craft, steered up so near the falls that, as be turned, the spray from the torrent deluged the dock, and the boat itself came within a Ic'W feet of being brought under the fall. Fortunately there was a heavy pressure of steam up at the moment, and they escaped with a thorough drenching. This attempt proved the practicability of navigating the river forty-two and a ha]f miles, and the steamer "Cornelia" made several trips during the summers of 1832 and 1833. During the summer of 1834 it remained most of the time at the wharf in Carthage, on account of low water in the river. In the spring of 1835, during high water, it in some way got loose from its fastenings and was carried over the dam. It lodg(>d among the rocks a short distance below the dam. The machinery was taken otit by J. P, Hodg- kins, and was afterwards sold and used in iron mines in St. Lawrence county. The only distillery ever built within the town was owned by John Bossout, It was erected at an early day, but used only a short time. The liiet that no other distillery was ever operated can be accounted fi)r from the fact that the land-titles were derived from Mr. Le Ray, and a elau.so was inserted in every contract of conveyance, forbidding the erection of distilleries. April 22, 1834, an act was jiassed authorizing the survey IIISTOKY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY. NEW YORK. 525 of a camil from (lie High Falls to the Erie canal, with a navigable feeder, and an iuipnivenient of tlie river to Car- thage. It was at this time that large numbers located at Carthage, believing that tliis was destined to become an important ship]]ing-point. A large tannery was built by Nimocks and Peck in 1831, upon an island below the dam. This building is still used as .■» tannery, and is owned by Mr. McCoy, who has made large additions to the building. On the night of January 1, 1840, a small wooden build- ing situated upon the main street in the village of Carthage, and used at the time as a tailor-shop, was destroyed by fire, and a Mr. Coyle, who occupied the premises at tiie time, was burned. UAII.W.W. A company was formed under the title of " The Black River & St. Lawrence Railroad Co.," with a capital of $:5S0,000. The construction of a railroad from Carthage to Ilarrisville was commenced in that year. The town of Wilna was bonded for 850,000 for the construction of the road, which was laid from Carthage to Natural Bridge, a distance of ten miles, and grading was done towards Ilarrisville, Lewis Co. The proposed length of the road was 38 miles. It was built of wood, and extended towards a region rich in ores of iron and forests of timber, and, if made a permanent iron road, would be a very important one. The road, however, proved a failure. After expending a. vast amount of money in its construction, it was finally abandoned. The bridge at Carthage village has been twice broken down. The first occasion was upon September 13, 1 862, when a drove of cattle were crossing, and a span of the bridge 80 feet in length was precipitated into the river. Although the water was at the time unusually high, none of the cattle were injured. On March 29, 1805, while two loaded teams were upon the bridge, about 70 feet of the structure gave way beneath them, and one of the teamsters (a Mr. Chadwick) and Henry Erwin, a boy who was riding with him at the time, were drowned. April 20, 1S02, the river and its tributaries were higher than they had ever before been known ; brooks were sud- denly swollen into torrents, and no less than twenty bridges in the town of Wilna were swept away. Nearly all of the business portion of Carthage was de- stroyed by a succession of fires which occurred upon July 29, 1862, Dec. 22, 1862, and May 12, 1863. VV.\R OF THE REBELLION. When the tidings of Sumter's fall came flashing along the telegraph-wires, closely followed by the president's call for men to put down an organized rebellion, the patriotic spirit of Carthage was thoroughly aroused. Martial bands paraded the streets, and the din of preparation resounded upon every hand. During the eveuing that followed the reception of the news, a party of men had assembled in one of the stores in the village to discuss the situation, and a remark was made by one of the party to the effect that there was not a flag to be seen upon a public building in the village. Mr. George O'Leary, the village justice, who was present, stated that before the sun arose upon the fol- lowing morning the stars and stripes would float from the spire of St. James' churcli. Mr. O'Leary, being unable to procure a flag in the village, purchased the material. The flag was manufactured during the niglit by a few patriotic ladies, and fastened just beneath the cross upon the spire of the church. The sight of the flag awakened the enthu- siasm of the crowds upon the street, and when it was known that Mr. O'Leary had placi^d it there, he was sought out by the villagers, and a procession was formed headed by a martial band. After parading the principal streets, they repaired to the cliurch, where a speech was made by Mr. O'Leary, during which, pointing to the flag and cro.ss above them, he remarked that it was a fitting association of the two great emblems of man's salvation and of a nation's freedom. A few days after this occurrence the following lines from the pen of Mr. O'Leary appeared in the village paper: "RAISE HIGH THE B.VNXER. « " Yo Sims of old Iriland, hoiic.«t an 1 true, Your country adopted apjtcals now to you. Hor lianncr unfurlrd to the breeze let flow : 'Tis the (lag of Columbia, down ne'er let it go. Behold it dishonored, and trailed in the dust, By tyrants and helots whoso names arc autrurscd. Grasp, grasp the loveil banner, and raise it on high, For 'neath its proud folds we all fain would die. ** Yes, raise it on hiijh, and march right along AVith the drum, and the music, and the patriot song; Grasp, grasp the loved banner, and ne'er let it go, For freedom is crushed the moment you do. Lift up the loved banner, and high let it be, For I sec by its stars it was made for the free. True sons of old Erin lielped to raise it on high, Anil 'neath its proud folds did Montgomery die. '• How oft we have struggled, how often in vain. In hopes for dear Erin a flag we might gain ! But here we are now, in the home of the free, The Slar-Spanglcd Banner insulted to see. Then raise it on high, I im]>lore you once more : 'Tis the banner which Washington honored of yore. Y'our couutrymen helped him to raise it on high, And prayed that the chieftain's work never would die." INCIDENT.S. Some time during the year 1804, a man calling himself Oliver Davis came into the town, and hired rooms in Mr. McCoUom's block. He had no apparent business, and when questioned replied that ho expected to go into business in the spring. He remained until January, 1805, when he suddenly disappeared. Shortly after his departure Mr. McCollom missed several articles. An oflicer was sent in pursuit of Davis, and he was overtaken near the city of Watertown, and returned to Carthage. It was found that he had in bis possession large quantities of stolen goods. While the offi- cer in charge of the prisoner was engaged in conducting him to the oflice of the justice, a stranger* hurried through the crowd and attempted his rescue. The attempt was, however, unsucces.sful, and the prisoner was taken before the justice. Here the stranger again interfered, and de- manded the discharge of Davis, upon the ground that he was a soldier in the service of the United States Govern- ment, and further stated that should the justice refuse to * A prominent attorney from Herkimer county. 526 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. discharge him, he (the justice) would be imprisoned within Fort Lufayette within forty-eight hours. The justice re- plied that he did not know of the existence of martial law in Jefferson County, and that he should do what he deemed to be his duty, regardless of the consequences. Davis was afterwards convicted, and served for a term of years in the State- prison at Auburn. During the winter of 18G4 a man living a short distance north of the village of Carthago started for the village. The night was intensely cold, and a severe storm was raging. He lost his way in the darkness, and wandered about until overcome by the cold. His body was found upon the following morning but a short distance from the village. THE VILLAGE OF CARTHAGE was incorporated May 26, 1841. The bounds were made to begin at a point south, 45° east, thirty chains from the south corner of the stone nail-factory; thence -north, 45° east, sixty chains; thence north, 45° west, sixty chains; thence south, 45° west, to the line between Champion and Wilna ; and thence along said line to the place of begin- ning. The charter is after the model of that of the village of Seneca Falls, and provides for the election of five trus- tees. The charter was amended by an act passed in 1870. Since that time but three trustees have been elected annu- ally. The first trustees elected were, in 1841, Virgil Brooks (president), Suel Gilbert, Ebenezer Hodgkins, Amos Choate, and Walter Nimocks. The following per- sons have since been elected trustees, the one first named in each year being chosen president : 1842. Virj^il Brooks, Aiaos Choate, Elijah Ilorr, Ebcu Hoiigkius, William Blodgct. 1843. Uirarii McCollom, Joseph C. Budd, Thcodoro S. Hammond, Samuel .J. Davis, Alvah H. .lohnson. ■1844. Hiram MeCollora, .Joseph C. Budd, J. P. Hodgkins, Kellogg E. Parker, Clark Dodge. 1845. Eli West, Hiram MeCollom, Clark Dodge, Suel (lilbert, Amos Choate. 1846. Eli West, Hiram McCollom, Amos Choate, Samuel A. Budd, Samuel .1. Davis. 1847. Hiram McCollom, Kli West, Clark Dodge, Suel tlilbcrt, Scth L. King. 1848. Hiram McCollom, Alvah II. .luhnsoii, Clark Dodge, Selh L. King, Suel (Jilbert. 1849. Hiram McCollom, Clark Dodge, Suel Gilbert, K. Rice, S P. Davis. ISaO. Patrick S. Stewart, Walter Nimocks, Horace Hooker, Hiram li. Chambers. 1861. John B. Johnson, U. Rice, Joseph Crouncr, Minor Guyot, Charles II. Kimball. 1352. Eli West, H. C. Rice, .(ohn Ilewit, Samuel C. Hopkins, Seth French. 1853. Eli West, John S. Edwanls, llemuui liulisun. Walter Nimocks, Charles H. Kimball. 1854. Orlin Holcomb, Joseph H. Root, Richard Gallagher, C. L. Frederick, J. P. Hodgkins. 1855. William D. Levis, Samuel W. Gilbert, N. D. Fcrgnsio forma di.sbaiided, and new ones acce])te(l, with the same officers and members. The old hand-engine was purcha:sed, Aug. 12, 1842, for 8300, of L. Burton & Co. June 9, 1843, a new fire company was organized, and called the " Washington Fire Co." A cistern with a capacity of 400 barrels was built in 1849, on the corner of School and State streets. The first hook-and-ladder company was formed May 24, 1851, Levi Wood, captain. April 9, 1852, a new hook-and-ladder company was formed. * The present postmaster at Carthage is Jesse E. Willis ; at Natural Bridge, Isaac W. Nichols; at North Wilna, Sanford Lewis; at Wilna, Lewis Fargo. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 527 Fiom this period, nothing fuitlicr w;is dcme by tlie village ill the way of keeping up an or<;anized fire dejiartment until Dee. 12, 1870. In the interim, three speeial elee- tions had been held for the purpose of purchasing adequate fire apparatus. During the year 18.50, the present village hall and engine-house was purchased and completed. Dec. 12, 1870, a new fire company was formed, of which C. C. Ingraham was elected foreman ; Henian H. Frink, assistant engineer ; and H. J. Kellogg was elected and con- firmed chief engineer. In April, 1874, a new company was formed, with Mark A. Peck as foreman. During the same month, another company, designated "The Carthage ITook-and-Ladder Company," was formed. June 12, 1874, H. J. Welch was appointed chief engineer of the Carthage fire-company by the board of trustees. A special meeting, on petition of the inhabitants, was called by the board, to be lield at the village hall on July 15, 1874, to raise by vote the sum of $2000 for the purpose of constructing cisterns, purchasing hose and hose-carts, hooks and ladders, and a second-hand fire-engine. Pending this call, the board, acting in good faith, purchased, on their own lia- bility, a second-hand fire-engine, believing that the same would be for the interest of the village, and that it would be accepted. The people, however, thought otherwise, and defeated the special tax, leaving the engine upon the hands of the purchasers, who now own the same. In Feb., 1875, the board of trustees purchased a second- hand, third size, steam rotary fire-engine, with two ho.se- carts and one hundred feet of rubber hose. The engine- house was then prepared and furnished for the reception of the engine. A general meeting for the organization of the Carthage Fire Department was held April 27, 1875, wherein two hose companies and an engine company were represented. The meeting resulted in the election of Mark A. Peck, foreman of the engine company ; Joseph Hoot, a.ssi.stant foreman ; J. E. Willis, secretary ; 0. S. Levis, treasurer ; and John B. Wood and Nicholas Wagoner, directors. Hose Company No. 1, in the election of Curtis C. Ingra- ham, foreman ; F. I). Hubbard, assistant foreman ; E. II. Myers, secretary and treasurer ; and Frank E. Willis and E. A. Monroe, directors. Hose Company No. 2, in the election of Ueorge McKanna, foreman ; John P. Cole, assistant foreman ; John C. Hannan, .secretary ; John M. Gallagher, treasurer; and William II. Rich and Peter Lyman, directors. H. J. Welch w;»s elected chief engineer of the department. THE CARTHAGE UNION FREE SCHOOL. The present academy building was erected in 1841, by Mr. Harrison INIilier. Two years later it Wiis purchased by Mr. Uriel Hooker, and the school was conducted by his daughter Mary ;us principal, and her two sisters as a.ssist- ants. They were succeeded by Rev. Orin Wilbur, of Low- ville, who taught the school for throe years, when he was succeeded by Mr. Jacob Wood, who in t\irn was succeeded by Mr, B. F. Bush, who conducted the school until August, 18Gli, when a call wiis made for a meeting for the purpose of organizing a Union Free School. At this meeting a board of five trustees was elected. The trustees elected at that time were Lawrence J. Goodale, Richard Gallagher, John B. Einmes, Horace Hooker, and Lyle Bones. Mr. Goodale was elected president of the board, and Mr. Emmcfl clerk. The school has an academical department, and is under the visitation of the regents. It is at present conducted by Mr. A. H. Brown as principal, and Miss Frank J. Hubbard assistant. The school was never in so prosperous a condition as at the present time, having in its various departments upwards of four hundred sdiolars in attendance. SOCIETIES AND ORDERS. " The Carthage Agricultural Society' was organized in 1875, and embraces the towns of Wilna and Chamjjion, in Jefferson County, and Denmark and Cnigan, in Lewis county. Mr. James Galvin was elected president of tlie society, A. E. Kilby, .secretary, and 0. Ilolcomb, treasurer. The first annual fair held by the society was in September, 1870. At the annual election of officers, held the fourth Tuesday of December, 1876, the following officers were chosen : John L. Norton, president ; F. B. Johnson, general superintendent; E. II. flyers, treasurer; James Pringle, secretary. The first meeting for the organization of a Masonic Lodge in the village of Carthage was held July 11, 1826, the address being delivered by Isaac Clinton, of Lowville. The officers elected were Eli West, M. ; Thomas Brayton, S. W. ; N. Starks, J. W. In June, 1849, it was received as No. 158, with Eli West, M. ; Joseph Crouner, S. W. ; K. E. Parker, J. W. The present officers of the society are as follows : James Pringle, W. M. ; L. N. Stevens, S. W. ; E. A. Monroe, J. W. ; N. Wagoner, Treas. ; I), S, Miller, Sec, ; John Chase, S. D. ; 0. J. Mosher, J. D, ; George W. Parmerter, S. M. C. ; L. J. Morrow, J. M. C. ; 0. F. Deans, Tyler, " Carthage Chapter, No, 259, R, A, M." — The present officers are as follows: John L. Norton, M. E. II. P.; C. H. Kimball, Sr,, E, K. ; George N. Hubbard, E. S. ; N. Wagoner, Treas. ; E. A. Monroe, Sec. ; James Pringle, C. of H. ; L. N. Stevens, P. S. ; Zelotus Wood, R. A. C. ; L. J. Morrow, M. of 3d V. ; J. II, iMiller, M. of 2d V, ; John Chase, M, of 1st V. ; 0. F. Dean, Tyler. The Father Mathew Total Abstinence Society of Car- thage was organized May, 1877, with forty-two members. The membership increased to ninety-six during the first two months. The officers of the society are James Gal- vin, Marshal ; James H. Walsh, Pres. ; Charles Duffy, Vice- Pres. ; R. Commins, Rec. Sec.; Jere. Coughlin, Cor. Sec; M. O'Brien, Treas.; Rev. J. J. Fedigan, O.S.A., Chap- Iain; John Fitzsimmons, Joseph (lalleciez, Frank Rose, Joseph Collins, and Frank Henry, Directors. NATURAL BRIDGE. Near the extreme eastern edge of the town, on Indian river, and distant about nine miles from Carthage, is the village of Natural Bridge. A re.serv.ition of a mile square had been here, and a village ]ilat surveyed by Edmund Tucker, Im])rovemeiits commenced here in 1818, some of the early settlei-s being Zebina Chaffee, C. I. Becker, 528 HISTORY OF JEFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. Arnold Burr, Abel Binglmm, Tennis Allen, Stephen Nut- ting, Charles R. Knij^ht, and others. Mills were erected in 1819 and 1820. Abi-l liinn;liain opened the first store, in 1820, and C. R. Knight the first inn, in 1821 and 1822. BONAPARTE. About 1828, the Count de Survilliers (Joseph Bona- parte), having aci|uire(l the title to a largo tract in this vicinity, first came to cxjiloro his lands and spend a low weeks in rural pastimes, lie directed a road to be cut, and wont in a stage-coach through from the old turnpike to the lake, which has since been known as Bonaparte lake. He caused a boat to be taken through the woods and launched upon this water, and a log house to be built on an elevation connnanding a fine view of the lake and its shores. He also built, during the same year, a large house at Natural Bridge, which is still standing. The count visited his lands four times, upon each occasion spending a few weeks, and always accompanied by a number of chosen companions, some of whom had witnessed and shared the sunny fortunes of the ex-king of Naples and of Spain, the favorite brother of the great Napoleon. Upon one occasion, in returning from Natural Bridge to Evans' Mills, the cortege halted upon the pine plains and partook of a sumptuous feast, which bad been prepared with great care and embraced every delicacy that the country afforded, displayed upon golden dishes and served with regal ceremonies. Liberal in the use of money, and sociable with all who were brought into busine-ss relations with biui, lie was, of course, popular, and his annual return was awaited with interest and remem- bered with satisfaction. The village derives its name from the fact that, in dry seasons, the water of the river finds its way, by a subterra- nean pa.ssage, under a mass of white limestone that here constitutes the rock at the surface. In floods, the excess flows in an open channel on the surface, over which a bridge passes. Numerous and extensive caves have been discovered in the vicinity (.some of which are .several hundred feet in extent), which, from the soluble character of the rock, have been worn by the action of water. Here, as else- where, along the junction of the white or primary lime- stone and the gnei.ss rock, there occurs a great variety of minerals, which aftbrd an inviting field of research, and will be more fully described in our account of the mineralogy of the county. Somewhat extensive ojierations for copper- mining were undertaken in the fall of 1847, by a Boston company, under the direction of Mr. Bigelow, in the town of Wihia, about two miles from Natural Bridge. The village of Natural Biidge consists of a hotel, known as the Central House, Erastus Penny, proprietor ; three stores, kept by Charles \. Starkey, Joel Ilulhert, and Dr. 1'. E. Johnston ; a .sa.>h- anil blind-factury, two wagon- sbops, two blaeksmith-.sbdps, three saw-mills, a gri.st-niill, and an extensive tannery, owned by Thomas E. Proctor. CHURCHES. ST. .tAMKS' CIIUUCII. The first Catholic church in northern New York was built in Carthage in the year 1818, at a cost of $2000, ujicm a lot of three acres given to the society by Mr. Le Ray, who also contributed largely to its erection. This was the first church built in the village of Carthage, and is claimed to be the oldest in northern New York, and the timbers for the frame were cut close by the site. A society was formed July 20, 1S21, with Claudius S. Quilliard, Edward Galvin, John Finley, James and Vincent Le Ray, John Deley, and James Walsh as the first trustees. In 18G4, under the supervision of Rev. M. Barry, the build- ing of the j)resent church edifice was begun, and the nest year services were held in it. This church occupies the site of the old one. The first priest was the Rev. Father John Fanibam. When be was here, and ibr some years after, the Catholics of Watcrtown attended services at this place. Since Father Farnhani, the succession of priests has been as follows: Rev. Fathers James S.dman, Fitz- simmons, Cabell, M. Kelly, Delay M. Gilbride, Gillick, MeFarlane, M. Powers, John Gillagan, Morris Roach, M. Clark, U'Reilley, M. Barry, Wm. Connoloy, J. M. Griflith, and J. J. Fedigan. M. E. CHURCH. As early as the year 1820, the Methodist church itiner- ants visited this locality and laid the foundation of the present prosperous church. Prominent among the first . members were Je,s.se I'enfield, Benj. G. Paddock, Isaac Puft'er, Elisha Wheeler, and Nathaniel Salisbury. Car- thago, Champion, Copenhagen, Pinckney, Tylerville, and Denmark formed one circuit, and belonged to the Gouver- ueur district. The first church building was erected in 1840. The corner-stone was laid on the 27th of April. The church was dedicated to the worship of God November 12 of that year. The Rev. Jesse T. Peck, A.M., who at the time was principal of the Gouverneur Wcsleyan Seminary, officiated. The first board of trustees were as follows : E. Horr, Hiram L. Chambers, Allen Peck, Joel P. Rice, Ehenczer Wheeler, Willard Bartlett, William L. Chambers, Nel.son Rulison, and Joel Miller. Since the dedication, twenty-two ministers have ofiiciated. GRACE CUURCII. At first occasional services were held, in connection with the Protestant Episcopal church of the United States, by the rectors of Trinity church, Watcrtown. In 1857 the Rev. J. Win.slow entered upon regular .services here, and at Champion and Sterlingville. A j)arish was organized in the fall of ISGO. In 1801, Rev. Mr. Winslow went into the army as chaplain, and services were discontinued. In 18(52, Rev. A. H. Rodgers took charge of the church. He remained, however, but a few months. Shortly aflcr this. Rev. Mr. Winslow returned to the charge. In 18G5, Rev. D. C. Loop took charge of this church and the one at Champion. In June, ISGG, Rev. L. H. Brewer entered upon the duties of rector. During February of the year following a church building was completed, and on Sept. 14, 18()7, it was consecrated to the service of Almighty God by Bishop Coxe. In 1873, Mr. Brewer having been called to Trinity parish, Watertown, he was succeeded by Rev. J. B. Linn, who in turn was followed by Rev. John HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 520 Muir in 1875. Mr. Muir was succeeded, in ihe fall of 1876, by the Rev. J. Cathell, wiui is tliu jiicscnt rector. Connected with the pari.sh are tlie two luissiiiiis of Cliani- pion and Copenhagen. Grace chnrch lias a Snndayschool numbering about 60 pupils. Tlio present officers of the church are as follows: H. W. llaniniond and George L. Norton, wardens; C. F. Rissell, J. ]j. Norton, William Carpenter, L. II. Slills, IT. J. Welch, William Hutchinson, J. Pringle, N. Wagoner, vestrymen. There are at iireseiit eighty-six communicants. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Upon the rid day of 1835, many Christian people of Puritan faith and profession, feeling that the time had come to organize themselves into a church of their choice, took such measures as were needful to that end. They were re.sidents of East and West Carthage, twelve in number, five men and seven women. The officiating ministers were Rev. Nathaniel Dutton and Rev. James II. Monroe. Philo Weed was elected deacon and Merritt Coughlan dork. It was voted that the church be called '' The First Congre- gational Church of Carthage," anie, which had a puncheon floor, bark roof, and for a window a sheet of paper, oiled so as to admit the light. It had a chamber floor, too, but, as it was made of elm bark, the utmo.st caution was required in the movements of the occupants. The winter winds, too, would sometimes ruthlessly take away a portion of the roof, admitting the snow to the depth of several inches, so that it was not uncommon to be obliged to shovel away the snow before those in bed could descend to the room below. Sterling Wilcox, then a lad of fifteen, came with his father, and for seventy odd years has lived near the spot where they first broke the ([uietude of the forest. He served ill the War of 1812, and has always been an active, useful citizen. Nearly all the others of the Litchfield company came in 1803, working their way to their destination with great difiiculty. After this was reached, their labors and trials were by no means ended. Living remote from the settlements below, they had no roads except wood-])aths, and no vehicles but drags formed from the crotch of a tree and drawn by oxen. However, the settlements grew apace and had attained respectable proportions, when the war broke out and filled the country with alarm. Many de- serted their homes and went back to their native places. Several cold seasons followed, causing others, who had braved the terrors of war, to follow, until the settlements were al- most depopulated. Tiien the mortgages were foreclosed, bringing hardships upon those who remained ; for all had, by the terms of the contract, made themselves liable for the failure of one, and much of the land reverted to the pro- prietors. From this time until 1828 the history of the town is uneventful, and in 1830 it was yet comparatively new and unsettled, as will be seen from a list of the names of those then residing in Worth : Joseph Wilcox and his son, Sterl- ing ; Daniel Wilcox; Asaph, Abel, and John Case; E. West, John Ru.ssell, Chester Bushnell, Andrew W. Craig, John Wilson, Paid Pryor, Peter AVakefield, Joseph H. and Venus C. Rising, Joseph Totten, James Potter, Zadoc Hale, Henry, Erastus, and Richard Lyon ; Leonard and Alan,son Bullock, Joel Overton, B wmor K , Charles, and Lyman Jenks ; William, Simeon, and James Houghtailing; Eli, Elihu, David, and George Gillet; Leonard Parker, Daniel and Joseph Caulkins, and Nathan Matoon. Among tho.se who came to Worth this year was Albert S. Gillet. He at once identified him.self with the town, and he, as well as his brother Jjorenzo P., are well known in Worth's his- tory. The organization of the town in 1848 gave it an- other impetus, which resulte2, and is the most exten.sive in the town. V;tst quan- tities of lumber are manufactured annually, and nearly every grade can be su])plied. Employment is given to ten hands, and the establishment is, in every .sense, first-class for this region. Other mills had been built on the Abijah creek, by William Houghtailing and J. M. Ackley. The former, 534 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. while the property of Brown & Haddock, was destroyed by firo. Tlie latter has been out of use for many years. A clico.se- factory was built at Wmtlivillc', in 1SG7, by a stock company, at a cost of $4(M)(). The company con- sisted of Leonard Bullock, Levi VVilcox, C. C. Moore, B. B. Brown, and J. IL Rising. The factory \ia» 0])eratcd by them a year, then sold to Abel Bigford, who has leased it to A. McNe;il, the present operator. Lucius Mandigould started a factory in the western part of the town, in 1870, but it was soon discontinued. SCHOOLS AND CIIURCDES. About 1807 the first district school in Worth wa.s taught in .\saph Case's barn, by a Mrs. Nobles. Her husband died in the town, and she moved to the west. She had ten or twelve pupils from the Case, Russell, and other families. In the winter of 1SI)8, Kuel Canfield tauglit a school in a part of Timothy Greenly s house, in Rodman, near the " corners." Miss Betsey Bugbee taught a school in a log house, a few years later, in what is now known as district No. 2. She was carried to and from her duties by an ox- tcani hitched to a sled. About this time a log house for sehool i)urj)(i,ses was erected at the " corners." This was supplanted by other small log and hame houses, where A. S. (xillot taught for a number of years, about 18.30. In 1845 the present structure, a frame, was built. There are six districts in the town provided with respectable build- ings. The one at Worth Centre is especially neat, and re- markable for its generous propoitions. In 1876, the pub- lic money apportioned to Worth for the support of schools amounted to $552.31. RELIOIOUS. At an early day the Methodists held religious services in the town, and organized a class which has had a strug- gling existence until the present. The membership is tliirty-one, and there is no regular leader. Weekly ser- vices are held in the Union church in connection with the Lorraine charge. The Protestant ]M(^tliodists have religious services at stated times at Worth Centre, but they have no regular or ganization. The Baptists and other denominations also have occasional services. The " Worthville Union church" is the only house of public worship in the town. It was erected by a commit- tee apjiointed for this purpose, composed of Leonard Bul- lock, Levi Wilcox, and L. D. Munroo, in 1875. It is a frame with a very attractive exterior, costing $8000, and has sittings for 250 people. The church is C(mtrolled by a board of seven trustees, ap])ointed by the holders of sub- scriptions to the building fund. The use of the building is accorded to all, irrespective of creed. A Sunday-school is Conducted in the church in the summer. It was organ- ized many years ago in the old school-house, but has not retained its orginal organization. CEMKTEKIES. There are several cemeteries in Worth, all controlled by the town board. One of the oldc-st is on lot No. 9. Elisha Sweet WiW one of the fiist interred in the town. The old cemetery having poor drainage, a more favorable spot was selected on lot No. 8. This has been well kept, and con- tains some fine tablets and head-stones. ROADS. Provision was early made for })Utting the roads of Worth in a good condition. In 1849, §200 was voted for this pur- pose, and subsequent appropriations have been made. Good roads now lead to Adams, on the R., W. & 0. R. R., the principal point of shipment for the town. CIVIL ORGANIZ.\TION. At a special election held at the house of Benjamin Gates, in Lorraine. Feb. G, 1810, the division of Worth from Lorraine was unanimously voted, but the War of 1812 prevented the immediate carrying out of this vote. No further action was taken until 1848. In that year the division was ordered by the Legislature, with a provision that the first meeting be held at the school-house at AVil- cox's Corners, on May 2 ; that the town officers of Lorraine residing within the limits of Worth were to exercise the functions of their respective offices until the next ensuing election; and that Mathew Fox, Jonathan M. .Vckley, and Albert 8. Gillet be a board of election, with the jiower of justices of the peace. The election resulted in the choice of the following officers, 48 votes being polled: Supervisor, A. S. Gillet; Town Clerk, Daniel Wilcox; Justices of the Peace, A. S. Gillet, Riley W. Green, Jonathan M. Ackley ; A.ssessors, George W. Gillet, Albert Nichols ; Corns, of Highways, Leonard Bullock, Levi Smith, William Bell; Constables, Levi Wilcox, Ozias E. Elmer, Newman A. Hawley ; Overseers of the Poor, Boomer K. Jenks, Sterling Wilcox ; Collector, ]\Iathcw Fox ; Supt. Com. Schools, Robert R. Bell. Since 1848 the Supervisors have been: 1849, A. S. Gillet; 1850, Riley AV. Green ; 1851, Jonathan M. Ackley; 1852, Riley W. Green; 1853-4, Jonathan M. Ackley; 1855, David Gillet; 1856-7, Lorenzo P. Gillet; 1858-62, Carlton C. Moore; 1863, Solomon B. Storm; 1864-9, Carlton C. Moore; 1870, Solomon W. Kellogg; 1871-2, Henry V. Jenks ; 1873-4, Jonathan M. Ackley ; 1875-6, Henry V. Jenks; 1877, Samuel B. Kellogg. From the town records the following interesting excerpts are made : ]S,->5. '* Votvtl, That it shall bo considerctl a penal ofTcnsc ft>r any persun to suffer any neat cattle or hogs to run at common within -It) rojs of any place of jiultlic worship on the .Sahhath day, hetwcen Nov. 1 end May I ; and such offender shall be guilty of misdemeanor, and shall pay a fine of SI. 00 on complaint of any person for each otTenso, one- half to be given to the support of the poor, the olhcr half to the coin- ]»laiiiant." " \''ifn/. That any person who shall suffer any dojj; to be caught in any house of public worship in said town in the hours of religious service, the owner of said dog shall forfeit a line of $1.(10, one-half to be given to the support of the poor, Ihe other half to the complainant ; and if such dog shall be found in any house of public worship with- out any owner, such dog shall be iinniedialely kilU'il. .Joseph H. Rising is appointed to dispose of any dog that may be found as above stated." " Vtiti .00 on complaint, and the buck and all to go to the com- plainant." HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 535 In 1877 the supervisor was instructed to use his influence aj^ainst tlie renewal of any charter to plank-roads as turn- pikes in the county of Jefferson. In 187G tlie office of Ru])ervisor was tied between Hfiiry ^^ Jenks and Henry L. Griiushaw, each having received lUi) voles. Tiiu total number of votes east in 1877 was 221. WORTH CENTRE. This is a lianilet of a dozen buildings, near tlie centre of the town, on tlie Ahijali creek. The first settlement hero was made about 1850, by E. Cornell. The country was then in a primitive condition, and Mr. Cornell's house was as rude as that of the first settler fifty years before. But roads were built to the Centre and farms opened until fpiite a neighborhood was gathered ; and when the saw-mill was erected its future was assured. A small store was opened at this point about 1874 by E. Cornell, and a post-office established, with daily mails from Adams via W'orthville. Ezra Cornell is the postmaster. Mr. Cornell also manufac- tures and deals in all kinds of lumber. WORTH VI LLE. Thi3 village, formerly known as Wilcox's Corners, is located on both hanks of South Sandy creek, and has a popu- lation of about 100. Tlie village is one mile south of Rodman, and two southeast of Pinckney, in Lewis county, and was the centre of the early settlements, Joseph Wilcox having made the beginning at this place. The situation is pleasant, and it will always remain the largest trading- point in the town. The history of its mills has been de- tailed elsewhere. A store was opened here in 1849, by Lorenzo P. Gillet, who erected a large two-story frame house on the southeast corner for this purpo.se. A portion of the house was used for a tavern. He was succeeded, in 1858, by A. S. Gillet, who conducted both places until 1806. The store was then closed and the building u.sed for a tavern only, by Horace Struter, Ormsby Moon, Alanson Pettengill, Levi Calvin, landlords in the order named. John Doauburs: is the present proprietor. In 1858 an opposition tavern was started on the corner opposite, by Orlin A. Chase. A large hostelry was erected, but the jnofits were too meagre to reward the owners. Duaue Earl and Leonard Parker wore also among the hosts. The building is at present occupied as a residence. Another store-house was erected in 1SG5, down the street, where Henry L. Porter opened a stock of goods. The place pa.s.sed into the hands of George D. Macomber in 1871, who has been in trade there since. Blacksmith-shops were conducted at an early day, and at different periods, by Canfield, Eliliu Gillet, and Egelbert West, all prior to 1840. Richard Lyon followed, and built a shop east of the village. Albert Harrington has worked here a number of years. His present shop is west of the village, on the Sandy creek, and is operated by hydraulic power. Wagon-shops are conducted by David H. Atkins and L. H. Spaulburg, established iu 18C0 and 1875 respectively. A summary of the business of Worthville shows, — grist-mill, S. B. Kellogg; saw-mills and lumber-dealers, S. B. Kellogg, A. S. Gillet; store, George D. Macomber; blacksmiths, A. Harrington, Joseph Crawford ; wagon- makers, David H. Atkins, L. F. Spaul.sburg; shoemaker, Charles Young; joiner, Charles Valier; coopers, Daniel Wilcox, Grant Van Brockliu ; postmaster, George D. Macomber. The post-office was established in 1848, with L. P. Gil- let as postmaster. The mail route was from Adams i-in Lorraine to Copenhagen in Lewis county. Richard Lyou was the carrier, going on horseback once a week. A sub- scription on the jiart of the citizens of Worthville secured a semi-weekly mail. In 18C5 a triweekly mail was sup- plied. At present (1877) there is a daily service from Adams to Worth Centre liti Worthville. Other post- masters at this point have been Henry Hitchcock, A. S. Gillet, and H. L. Potter. BIOGRArillCAL SKETCHES. LEVI WILCOX. In the year 1805, while yet Jefferson County was an almost unbroken wilderness, Joseph Wilcox, a native of Connecticut, emigrated to the present town of Worth. At that time there was but one other family in the town. He purchased 150 acres of wild land, built a liou.se. and moved into it with his family, which at that time consisted of his wife and six children. This old pioneer couple lived to advanced ages — the wife dying at the age of 7G, and the old gentleman at the age of 88. Sterling Wilcox, the son who succeeded to the old home, was born in 1791, and has lived in Worth since 1805, on the same spot, and now, at the advanced age of 8G, is a hale old gentleman, in possession of all the faculties and intelligence of his earlier years. He was married in 1818 to Miss Sarah Smith, of Lorraine, by whom he boeanie the father of six children, — Lydia, Philura, Levi, Caroline, Gil- bert, and Charles, — all of whom are living and have fami- lies except the last-named two. Mrs. Sarah Wilcox died March 22, 1867, aged G7 years. Levi Wilcox, the present owner of the old Wilcox estate, was born Nov. 2G, 1825, and was united in marriage with Miss Mary Fox, of the same town, in lSt7. Two children have been born to them, Emma G. and Gilbert H. ; the daughter is deceased. Gilbert II. is married to Miss Eva M. Brown, of the same town, and resides at home with his parents. Thus can be seen three generations of this old pioneer family all living together in one family to-day, on the same spot selected by the great-grandfather of the younger mem- bers of this family. The farm consists of 220 acres, and is one of the finest in the county. Mr. Levi Wilcox has recently erected a very fine and commodious house near the old home, which adds much to the beauty and comforts of this old landmark of Jefferson County. Elsewhere in these pages may be found a fine view of this old home, with portraits of Levi Wilcox and his excellent wife. 536 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. LEONARD BULLOCK. One of the very earliest settlers of the town of Worth was Leonard Bullock. He came originally from the State of Rhode Island to Oneida county, N. Y., and from thence to the present town of Worth, in Jefferson County, in 1802. He here located a tract of land which has ever since been the home of himself and his descendants. He built a log shanty and commenced clearing up his land. He was married to Miss Bathsheba Hancock, and at the time of his settlement in Worth was the father of two children. The whole number of children reared by this worthy couple was twelve, four sons and eight daughters, who all grew up to manhood and womanhood except one son, who died in infancy. Mr. B. lived to the age of 55, dying in 1828. His wife survived to the age of 82, dying in 1860. Leonard, the present owner, and next to the youngest of these twelve children, was born Jan. 3, 1817. He was reared a former, and after his majority bought cut the other heirs, and thus became posses.sed of the old home farm, where ho was born and on which he has resided all his life. At the age of twenty he was united in marriage, with Miss Martha Gillct, of Worth, the daughter of Elihu Gillet, another old settlor of Worth. To them have been born three children, — Emily L., Levi S., and Leonard C. Levi died at the age of ten years. Leonard C. and Emily are both married and settled on portions of the old home- farm. The flirm owned and occupied by Mr. B. consists of 320 acres of the finest flirniing lands in the town. By reference to another page in this work, the reader will find a fine view of his residence, together with portraits of himself and wife, presented as a legacy to his children and the future generations of Jefferson County. MILITARY AND NAVAL. REVOLUTIONARY SOLDIERS— MILITARY AND NAVAL OPERATIONS IN THIS VICINITY DURING THE WAR OF 1812-15 — BIOGRAPHY OF PROMINENT OFFICERS OF THAT AVAR— THE CANADIAN RE- BELLION, 1807-40— AVAR OF THE REBELLION OF 1801-5— IITSTOi; A' OF OUti.VNIZ.ATIONS— ROSTERS AND ROLL OF HONOR. Quite a number of the surviving soldiers of tbe Revolution settled at various ])crio(Is in Jefferson County, some account of whom will be found in the hi.**tory of the various towns and villages. The fol- lowing list of Revolutionary peuHiuiier* residing in the county in 1S40 is from Hough's history. As all the soldiers were not necessa- rily pensioners, this may not include the total number. A number of the towns of the county arc for some cause left out of this list, whether from inadvertence, or because there wore no soldiers in them at the time, we are unable to say ; AnAM.s. — Peter Do.xtater, f4 ; Ebenezer Philips, 80. Le Ray.— Timothy Tamblin, 83; Joel Dodge, 79; Iliel Truesden, 78; Ezekiel Lyman, 80; William Rogers, 83: Hannah Harwick, 81 ; Elizabeth Ainsted, 74; Elisha Scofield, — . LoHRAiNE. — .Tacob Weaver, 83 ; Benjamin Fletcher, SO ; Caleb Tift, 81. Lyme. — Samuel J. Mills, 81 ; Jacob H. Oves, 83; Nicholas Siniih, 85 ; Prudence Hodges, 73 ; Luorctia Marsh, 84 ; Felix Powell, 77. Oni-EANS. — Jose])h Rhodes, 78; Adolphus Picket, 79: AVilliam Colins, 80; John Monk, 89; Moses Limon, 78; Elizabeth Rixford, 75; Nicholas Smith, 85; Elizabeth Barret, SO ; Caleb AVillis, 78 ; M. Contreman, 70. Pamema.— J. Gloyd, 85. PiiiLADELtMiiA. — Edith Taylor, 84; James Hewitt, 77 ; Jonathan Carr, S3 ; Isaac Hurd, 79. Rodman. — Ephraim Wright, 73; John Russell, Elijah .Mcintosh, 78. Rutland. — Mary Barney, 74 ; Samuel liunliam, 88. WiLNA. — Peter Brown, 8S; Stephen Shew, 79; Josiah Hurlbert, 79; Solomon Cleveland, SO. M'hen the War of 1812-15 broke out. the populotion of JefTer.son County was about 10,000. and very many of her young men were con- nected with the military and naval operations along the northwestern frontier, and one of her private citizens. Jacob Itro^vn. then living tui his farm at Brownville, became very prominent. Sackefs Harbor was the most important station on the great lakes, and was made the centre of naval and military operations during a considerable portion of the war. The following chapter, descriptive of the operations in this region, is from Dr. Hough's History of the County, published in 1854. It hai been carefully revised and corrected, and is believed to be full and reliable. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 537 WAR OF 1812-15. " Coininj^ events cast their shadows before them," and the troubles that preceded the dechinitiun of war in some degree prepared the public inind tor that event. On the 22d of December. 1807, congress laid an indefinite embargo, which applied to the inland lakes equally with the sea-board, and rendered measures necessary for enforcing an observance of the non-intercourse. In the summer of 1808, Lieut. Melanchthon T. Woolsey wasaent to Oswego to superintend the build- ing of a brig, which was launched early in 1S09, and named the " Oneida." She was built by Christian licrgh and Ilenry Kekford, and was pierced for sixteen guns. A company of infantry, under Capt. Wni, V. JJennet, and of twenty-three artillerymen, under Lieut. Cros?, were stationed at Sackefs Harbor in 1808, and early in March, 1809, two detachments of militia (forty-five men) from Col. Paul Stickney's regiment were drawn out, twenty of whom were st:itioned on (he St. Lawrence, opposite Kingston, and the remainder on the Oswegat- chie niad, where several routes united.^' Tne embiirgo had the cfTect of lowering (he price of grain, b}' interrupting the commerce by which it was exported, while, from the same cause, it enormously increased the price of potash, which all new, woody countries protluce, and which tho embargo prevented from reaching England, except indi- rectly by way of Canada. Tliis atVordeil a temptation too strong for the honesty of great numbers, who, notwithstanding the vigilance of the revenue officers, wore very successful. This article rose to JUOO and $.T2(1 per ton in Montreal, from whence it could be exported with- out obstruction to England; and as there then existed in Canada no law against its importation into tho country, the only difficulty to meet was an evasion or open dctiance of our own laws. Potash was brought from the interior counties, and oven from New York to this frontier, and temporary roads were beaten through the forest in the winter time by those engaged in this illegal traffic. ,\moug these was the "embargo road," from the Black river, near Brownville, to near French creek, which for a season became a great thoroughfare for smugglers. Previous to the calling out of the militia detachments above mentioned, Mr. Hart Massey had seized fifty-four barrels of pot and pearl ashes and twenty barrels of pork near Cape Vincent, which property was openly rescued and carried off by a force of tifty or sixty armed men, with many sleighs from Kingston. This open and bold defianceof laws was not entirely due to a mer- cenary s])irit, but political rancor and a practical opposition to a law which they declared unconstitutional and void. On the 1st of March, 1809, the embargo gave place to a non-intercourse law. which expired in May, 1810. April 4, 1812, an embargo was again laid, which rendered renewed vigilance necessary ; but this time a more efficient system of means was at hand. In May, 1812, tho "Lord Nelson," a British schooner bound for Niagara, and laden with tlour and merchandise from Kingston, being found in American waters in the lake, was captured by Woolsey, brought into Sacket's Harbor, and condemned as a lawful prize. Among the goods taken nnd oflered at auction was a quantity of plate, jewelry, wearing apparel, and household articles of rich materials belonging to a lady of Queenstown ; and these articles, although of great intrinsic value, were inestimably precious to tho owner, as family relics and keepsakes. These Commodore Woolsey. with true courtesy, proposed to restore, and the suggestion was seconded by the hearty acclamation of his gallant sailors, who offered to relinquish //iei> claim : but others, from sordid and illiberal motives, insisted that the sale should go on, and undertook to compete in the bids, which gradually arose to three, four, and five hundred dollars. At this moment the gallant Woolsey, determined not to be baffled in his design, suddenly raised his bid to Jirc thougmttf, which at once ended the contest, amid the cheers of his men, and to the discomfit of his opponents. The jiroperty he promptly forwarded to the owner, and the government sanctioned his course by discharging him from the obligation. f The vessel was owned by Crooks, of Niagara, who afterwards got a reversal of the adjudication. The "Lord Nelson" * Dr. Istiiah MftS'^py haii charge of the nillittHoii theOswogratchie road, Daniel Spiniiiug of tlmse at Port I'litiiuni, Aliol Knmkliii of those at ^ticket's Hurlwr, and N'Hthaiiicl II. Hulilianlof tliost- at IIt'luU*r-oii Ilarl'or, in the spring of 1800, t .\ djffi-reiit vci*»iun v>f thi^* am-cdole it* given by Cooper, in his Livf3 of Dis- ttiigiiisheil Naval (Hlicers, vol, ii. p. 1:1C. We give the accuiiul as related by Capt. Augustus Fold, of Aitket's ihirbor, who, since I7i»r>, has been familiar with whatever is connertotl with the navigation of Lake Ontario. was changed to the " Scourge," and was afterwards recaptured by the enemy. June 14, the schooner "Ontario," Capt. Charles Sweet, was seized at Cape Vincent for an alleged violation of the revenue laws, but dis- charged on (he 22d. The schooner " Niagara" was seized at abi>ut tho s.ime time, and afterwards sold for a like cause. The " Ontario" had a cargo consisting of about 000 packages of goods. Her papers showed a permanent registry granted by the collector of Niagara, June y, 1810 ; and a regular clearance by him from the port of Lewis- ton to the port of Queenstown. dated April 15, 1812. At the time of her seizure she was on a voyage from Queenstown to Prescott. When approached by the revenue officers she was lying at anchor off shore, opposite the store of J. B. and Kichard Essclstyn. Upon being hulled she attempted to move off, i)ut was taken and brought to port. Tho collector had sent men to bring her into Sacket's Harbor for safe keeping. Her armament consisted of three muskets ; and her bill of lading, according to the affidavit of K(tbert tlrant. of Queenstown. consisted of bales of leather, 4i>(5 barrels of flour, and 4 barrels of whisky, making a total of 471 packages, shipped June 10, 1812, from t^ueenstown to Prescott by (Jrant A Kirby, and owned by Porter, Barker A Co. The State legislature, acting on tho spirit which led the general Government to take the steps above related, Feb. 12. 180S, directed that 500 stand of arms should be deposited at Champion. Gov. Tompkins, in a letter to Judge Noadiah Hubbard, of Champion, Feb. 27, ISO'J, announced that of the above ;i60 sets of accoutre- ments, 7500 rounds of fixed ammunition, etc., had been for some time at Utica, awaiting some place of deposit, which was not, how* ever, provided, and their destination was, by an act of March 27, 1801), changed to Watertown, where an arsenal was built that year, under the direction of Hart Massey. The street on which it was lo- cated was called Columbia street previous to this time, when its name was changed to Arsenal street. It was maintained as a Siate arsenal until sold under the act of April 19, 1850. By an act of Congress, passed April 10, 1812, the President was authorized to raise a body of 1(10,000 minute-men, of which propor- tioh New York was to furnish i:J,500. Col. Christopher P. Bellinger, from German Flats, Herkimer county, was stationed at Sacket's Harbor in May, with a regiment drafted under the act just mentioned, and remained three months. A portion of his commaml was stationed at Cape Vincent, and was very efficient in enforcing the embargo. War having been for years antieii>ated, was declared June 18. 1812, by a vote of 7'J to 49 in the House, .ind of 19 to 15 in the Senate, Silas Stow then representing this district, and voting in the negative. The event was first announced in a letter from Gov. Tompkins to Brig. -Gen. Jacob Brown, of the militia, dated June 2;!, in which ho was empowered to reinforce Col. Bellinger with the militia of Lewis, Jefferson, and St. Lawrence counties, and to arm and equip them at the State arsenals at Russell nnd Watertown, if occasion required. Col. Benedict, of De Kalb, St. Lawrence Co., was ordered to turn out immediately, to guard the frontiers from Ogdensburgh to St. Regis. In reply, Gen. Brown urged tho speedy forwarding of arms and munitions, and that a force should be posted at Cape Vincent and Ogdensburgh, which could be concentrated at a few hours' notice, should decisive measures be necessary. The news of the war had scarcely reached this frontier, when hostilities were begun in a siuall way by Abncr Hubbard, a Revolu- tionary soldier, who, without authority, and with only the aid of a man and a boy, made a descent upon Fort Carleton, near Cape Vincent, and, without firing a gun, took the garrison, consisting of three invalid men and two women, prisoners. The next day a boat was sent to the island for the st!)res, and the buildings were afterwards burned. This proceeding being known at Kingston, an attempt was made to detain a citizen from Brownville. who was in town on commercial business, but, being forewarned by a friend, he escaped. On the 29lh of April, a fleet of trading-vessels, that had been caught at Ogdensburgh. and were attempting to ascend the river to the lake, were pursued by a party of provincial militia. Two of the vessels — "The So('hia" and "Island Packet" — were burned, .ind the remainder returned in great confusion to Ogdensburgh, where they created the greatest alarm. This occurred near the foot of tho Thousand Islands. On the 2d of July the scouts of Gen. Brown brought in a man, found between Indian river and the St. Lawrence, who was taken for a s])y, but proved to bo an American, and con- 538 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. firmed the account of the hurning of the vessels, stating that there were about thirty persons aboard, mostly families moving, and that the most of their effects were burned. It was apprehended that the enemy wore about to fortify the islands, and thus command the river. A few days before the news of war was received, a .large quantity of small arms was forwarded by the governor to this frontier, consisting of 20UU muskets, and a corresponding quantity of muni- tions, which were mostly t^ent on to the Russell arsenal, in Lawrence county, escorted by the detiichment from Lewis county. A consider- able body of militia from Jefferson County was assembled at Cape Vincent, together with a portion of the force of Cul. Ilellinger, as it was considered advisable to keep Kingston in as great a state of alarm as possible. At this point was the great naval station of the enemy, where for one or two years armed vessels had been building, and from whence alone an attack could be reasonably expected. It was apprehended that an attempt would be made by the British to destroy or take our vessels at Ogdcnsburgh and Sacket's Harbor. On Sunday, July 19, 1812, Capt. VVooIsey, of the "Oneida," dis- covered from the mast-head of his brig five sail of the enemy beat- ing np the harbor, viz., the ** Royal George," 2-1 guns ; the " Seneca," 18 ; " Prince Regent," 22 ; " Earl of Moira," 20 ; and '' Simcoe," The ** Oneida" attempted to gain the lake, but failing, returned, and was moored outside the point, where the ship-house now is, with one broadside of nine guns to the enemy, while the others were taken out and hastily plnceossible, and it was hoped that he would be able to have men enough for two companies in the course of the fall. On the irth of Sept., Gen. Brown addressed a letter to the governor, in which he said, — Di-:An Sin. — The first and only official notice that I havo received from my governituMit of the renewal li, wuuUl at once couiiuand the lake ami the St. Ijiiwiciicc- li> tlif rapids ; ami may 1 ask, your Kxcellency, in Ilie name of all that is holy, why this lias not been done? IJesides J.hese vessels, we have a nuinl>er of slip-keel boats, of from 10 to 12 tons burthen, and many other boats of Irom to S tons burthen. Tht-se boats should be armed wiih swivels and lij^ht guns of from 4 to 6 pound calibre. Let this be done, and we will soon see tliest- waters ours, and tlien I'liper Canada will not bu of so difficult aequirenunt. Anything like a respectable army will thtn be enabled tu look down all opposition. On the night of the 20th of Sept., an expedition was dispatched from Sackct's Harbor, which is thus described by Gen. Urown, in a letter to the governor : *' At a time when my force was the lightest, and a very consider- able alarm prevailed for the safety of th;it ))urt, 1 fitted out a secret expedition, under the command of that excellent officer, ('apt. For- syth, against (iananoqui,asinall Britisli jiust, 20 miles below Kingston, with the view of capturing some of the enemy's ammunition, of which we were, and are, greitly in want, and n\ and broke the eui'my, drove them across a bridge, which, for bis bettor security, ('apt. Forsyth broke up. He had one man killeil ancl one wounded. The loss of the enemy, in killed, Capt. Forsyth has declined stating, but, from the best information I can collect from the pitrty. it was from ten to lifteen.-^- Twelve prisoners wen- (aken. lUKlO ball cartridges, and 41 muskets. f There were, in the King's store, about loU barrels of provisions, and as there wore DO boats to bring it away it was consumed by fire, together with the store. Private property was hidd sacred. To the soldiers on this expe lition [ have prcsentv?d the public property taken, as a reward for their valor and good conduct. £ wish your l^lxccllcncy to appro- bate or disapprobate this my donation to these brave men. Your Excellency must bear in mind that, with my very little brigade, or at best a part of that at Oswego. I have been ]>ut upon the detenso of this northern frontier, from St. Kegis to near (Jswego. The men that I have tlie honor to command have done and suHered much for militia; their clothes generally were in tatters, and they are poor men. They cannot cbithe themselves in this region for SG.fiti per month, and it is not in huumn nature that these men can enlure a winter campaign in this climate thus clad. I cannot believe that these men would leave me; it would grieve me if they should; but it is a stain upon our national character that the citiy.cn soldier of this country should be worse paid and provided for than any other class among us." ... September 21, Brig.-(3en. Richard Dodge arrived at AVatertown, with a detachment of militia from the Mohawk country, and issued orders for (Jen. Brown to march to Ogdensburgh with the detached militia under his command, and take charge of that fort. As the roads wore then nearly impassable, and the journey would have been tedious and expensive, he chose the route of the river, and arrived at Ogdensburgh, without accident, on the 1st of October. On the 2d the enemy cannonaded the town, and on the 4th made an unsuccessful attack, J in which they were repulsed with considerable loss. His presence and the efficient exertions of his troop.s at that time saved the town from capture. A part of Capt. Forsyth's company accom- panied (ien. Brown, the remainder being detained by Gen. Dodge at Packet's Harbor. Early in October, Gov. Tompkins visited Sackct's Harbor, to take efficient measures for its defense; and on the 6th, Com. Isaac Chauncey, having been appointed commander of the naval forces of the t'nited States on the lakes, arrived. The vessels on the lake were immediately bought and fitted with armaments, and ship-building on an extensive scale was commenced under the direc- tion of Henry Eckford. The enemy bad at this time a naval force of 105 guns and 890 men. At the request of the governor, Gen. Dodgo detached to the aid of Gen. Brown, about the 12th of October, the residue of Capt. Forsyth's company, and the artillery companies of Captains Brown, King, and Foot, in all 1(50 men, with a sup]ily of munitions, among which were two brass nines, one iron four, two * Ten killed and eight prisonei'S. t One account sn.vs, sixty stand of arms, two blanket^, a consid<*r.ibIe quan- tity of tixed anmiunition, one burrel of powder, one of Hints, and some other prupi-rty. X History of St. Lawrence aad Franklin counties, p. G25; Jeff. Co., p. 424. chests of ammunition, 250 12-pound balls, 300 9-pound balls, 200 6- pound balls, GO muskets, and 145 pounds of powder. Com. Chauncey first appeared on the lake on the 8th of November, with his broad pennant on the ** Oneida," 10 guns, Lt. Woolscy, and having in company the "Conquest," Lt. Elliot: "Hamilton," Lt. Mcpherson; "Gov. Tompkins," Lt. Brown; " Perl," Mr. Arundel ; " Julia," Mr. Trant ; and '* Growler," Mr. Mi.\ : the last three persons being sailing-masters. The vessels together mounted 40 guns, of difTerent calibres, and numbered 4it0 men, including marines. The object of the expedition was to intercept the enemy's vessels ou their return from Fort tleorge, whither they had gone with troops to rein- force that post, and from which they were daily expected to return to Kingston. The reputed force of the enemy's fleet was as follows : The ship " Royal George," 20 guns, 200 men ; ship " Earl of Moira," 18 guns, 200 men; schooners ** Princie Uegent," 18 guns, 150 men; "Duke of Gloucester," 14 guns, SO men; *' Simeoe," 12 guns, 70 men ; and " Seneca," 4 guns, and 40 men. On the morning of the 10th he took a small schooner, which ho burnt, having got sight of the "Royal George," which he followed into Kingston harbor, and engaged her and the batteries an hour and forty-five minutes, but finding these stronger than anticipated, night coming on, and a gale of wind blowing in, he stood off" and anchored. In the morning he fell in with the "Simeoe," and so disabled her with shot that she sank before getting alongside of the dock. On the morning of the IDth he took a large schimner from Niagara, bound in. and the next morning sent down the prize, under convoy of the "Growler," past Kingston, to induce the ship to follow, but without success. The night of the llth was boisterous; on the 12th was a severe snow-storm, and on the \'Mh it continued to snow fast, but with little wind. The remainder of this cruise we give in the language of Com. Chauncey, in a letter to the governor: "The 'Growler' sent the prize in, and stood in for the hurku, where he bad orders to join me. Near the Duvkn he fell in with the ' Earl of Moira,' convoying the sloop ' Elizabeth' from York to Kingston. Sailing-Master Mix, who commanded the 'Growler,' ran down in a vijry gallant nninner and took possession of the ' Eliza- beth' within two miles of the shiji, and brought her in. I imme- diately weighed and stood for Kingston, in hopes to cut her ofl"; but the elements were against me again, for I scarcely had left the harUir before it blew a guleof wind, and snowed so thick that we freijuently could not see a mile. W'v, however, persevered, to tlie great danger of the vessels and lives of the crews. On the 14th we got sight of tlie ' Earl of Moira,' entering Kingston harbor, but it blowing a galo of wind, we concluded not to follow, and after beating about almost all that day, I made the signal for all the squadron to bear for this place, where we arrived on the same evening. During these two short cruises we captured three vessels, — two have arrived, one we burnt, — a fourth was so injured that she sunk, and we learn from one who came in with the flags yesterday that the * Royal George' was so much injured that she had to haul on shore to keep from sinking, having received several shots between wind and water, several guns disabled, and a number of persons killed or wounded, besides c(m- siderable injury (though not intentional) to the town. Amongst the prisoners is Capt. Brock, of the 2i)th regiment, and a relative of the late Gen. Brock, who was returning from York with part of the bag- gage of his deceased friend. Our loss was trifling: one man killed and four wounded: two of the latter by the bursting of a gun on board of the ' Pert,' the commander of which vessel. Mr. Arnndell, was knocked overboard and drowned. The damage tlone to the rig- ging ami sails not much, and a few shot in the liulls o( one of the vessels, but the injury from which was soon lepaired. The 'Gov. Tompkins,' 'Hamilton.' 'Conquest,' and 'Growler,' are now block- ading the vessels in Kingston. I ;im taking on b'-nrd guns and stores for Niagara, for which jilacc I shall sail the first wind, in com- pany with the ' Julin,' ' Pert,' ' Fair American.' * Ontario,' and 'Scourge.' and I am in great hopes that I shall fall in with the * Prince Regent,' or some of the royal family which are cruising about Y'ork. Had we been one month sooner we could have taken every town on this lake in three weeks, but the seasuring ?even long weary years he was detained abroad, without exchanging one letter with home, or knowing whether those most dear were deacl or living; when, at length, sun-burnt by tropical heat, and, by hard service, so worn and haggard as scarcely to be recognized, lie was landed at Liverpool, and, witli a light heart, set his face homeward, wondering what the changes of seven years might have wrought in his home. On the approach of night, fearing to call at an inn, lest his dress and appearance should excite sus- picion that he was a deserter from the navy, he crept into a nook under a stack of straw, and spent the night. In the morning, there being a dense fog, and not knowing the course he was going, he fell into the midst of another press-gang, who, in spite of entreaties, again carried him to the fleet, and he was soon under way to the coast of South America. After several years, finding an opportunity, he reached the shore and fled ; crossed the Andes, and, at length, reach- ing another port, and, tinding no other opportunity of leaving, he enlisted in an American ship-of-war for a few months, and soon after sailed for the United States. His crew were soon detailed for service on Lake Ontario, and he arrived at Sacket's Harbor in the fall of LSI2, and became one of the crew of the "Oneida," under Woolsey. Here our informant became acquainted with hiiu, it having bein twenty years since he was first abducted, during which time not ono word had been received from home. He was of a kind, cheerful, and obliging disposition; was strictly temjierate, used no profane lan- guage, and was made captain of the forecastle, from the entire con- fidence that was jdaeed in his capacity and fidelity. In short, Tom Garnet was the universal favorite of the brig, and both officers and men became strongly attached to him for his kindness of heart, intel- ligence, and moral worth. On the morning before the fleet of Cliauneoy sailerl to meet the enemy near Kingston, Tom related to his comrades a dream he had the night before, in which he thought his wife aj>i)eared to him as a disemliodied spirit in heaven, with a son, whom he had never seen, anci told him that he would soon join them. His story was treated with levity; but the calm and serious earnestness with which he related it, and the evident conviction he felt of its reality, clieeked that hilarity that might otherwise have attended the announcement that ho was to be the first man killed on board the fleet. Ho pro- ceeded to divide his wardrobe among his companions, and gave in- structions about the little property he possessed, as would one to whom death was a certain doom; yet his cheerfulness and alacrity was unabated, and, although he evidently believed in the presenti- ment he expressed, he seemed to bu exhilarated with the welcome prospect of meeting the long-lost and de:»r partner of early hopes blasted, — the object on which his memories had centred, and the only one for whom he had de.*ired to live. Chaunccy's fleet sailed and engaged the enemy's batteries in the harbor of Kingston, as above • Ciiptnin Au;;iistU8 Ford, of Sacket's Harbor. Ho was born in 1772, and In Ids liuyli.iKi .torv<-il in llio Coiitinentil fri«iitc " Wiwliiii':tnn,"' iiin) nficrwiirils in «'-viTiiI |trivfttoL'ni,—'* Snak"*fl-b," " Dolphin," iitid ulbera. Ciipt. Kurd dit*d in 1H5.'». In 1793 lio nn OHwej-o, and froni WJii down to a Into periud liiH boon coimccliMl with tbo nuviKatlon of thin lake. Ilu wad coniiuiiHioneJ as ftuilingniiistor Mmcli 2^, ]slo, imil »«(>rv<>r| uiiclf>r Woulsoy. related ; the first shot from which was a nine-pound ball that crossed the deck of the '' Oneida" and passed through the body of Tom Garnet, at his post. He fell instantly dead, with the same smile upon his countenance that habit had inijircssed. This singular coincidence and verification of presentiment is so well attested by authentic wit- nesses that it merits the attention of the curious. A similar exj)erience, as connected with the English system of "pressing" men into the naval service, is related of Commodore Thomas McDonough. the commander of the American fleet at the naval action in IMattsburgh bay, September 11, 1S14. A few years previous to the war he was mate on board an American merchant- ship, and when lying in the harbor of Liverpool, England, he went on shore, and was captured by a "press-gang," and. in spite of his protestations that he was an American, was taken on board an English frigate, commanded by Commodore Bownie. He told them they would pay dearly some day for their insults to the I'nitcd States. JIo soon after managed to escape, and, when the war broke out, entered the navy, and eventually found himself in command of the United States fleet on Lake Champlain. Dowuie commanded the British fleet and was killed; the entire fleet was captured in the memorable en- gagement which followed, and McDonough was fully avenged. On the 2tJth of November the shij) "Madison" was launched at Sacket's Harbor, having been built in forty-five days. Fort Tomp- kins had been built during the summer previous, and stood on the plain fronting the bay, near the present ship-house. Temporary bar- racks had also been fitted uj» under the directions of Major Darby Noon. Late in November, the fleet attempted to gain the head of the lake, but was driven back in agale, the " Growler" was dismasted, and the fleet greatly endangered by the ice. Early in Deooniber tlie navigation closed for the season, and the winter was spent on both sides of the lake in active preparations for the ensuing campaign. *' In the course of the autumn the Americans had increased their force to eleven sail, ten of which wore the small .-schooners bought from the merchants and fitted with gun-boat armaments, without quarters. In addition to the vessels already named, were the ' Ontario,' 'Sc'iurgc,' • Fair American,' and ' Asp." Neither of the ten were lit to cruise, and an ordinary eigliteen-gun brig ought to have been able to cope with them all in a good working breeze, in close quarters. At long shot, however, and in smooth water, they were not without a certain eflicieney. As was proved in the end, in attacking batteries and in covering descents they were even found to be exceedingly ser- viceable."t In the cabinet at Washington, a plan of operations against Canaila in the ensuing season began to be discussed early in February, and an attack ui)on Kingston was to make an early and prominent part of these movements. The general outline of the campaign was commu- nicated to (Jen. Dearborn, the commander-in-chief, on the 10th of Feb- ruary, which directed 4000 troops to be assembled at Sacket's Harbor and 3000 at Buffalo. The former of these was to be landed at Kings- ton, and, after securing that place and the shipping, to proceed to York, with the view of seizing the stores tliere collected, and the two frigates said to be there building. Towards the close of the month Gen. Brown received orders to call out several hundred militia, and Col. Pike, then stationed on Lake Champlain, was directed to proceed with 400 of his command in sleighs, by the nearest and best route to Sacket's Harbor. A portion of Gen, Pike's force arrived at Sacket's Harbor on snow-shoes. Several hundred pairs were deposited in the arsenal at Watertown, where they remained until destroyed by mice and decay. Capt. Forsyth, having bceu driven out of Ogdcnsburgh on the 22d of Feb., soon after joined the forces at the harbor. Had Chauncey arrived in season an attack upon Kingston, by crossing on the ice, would have been attempted; but he was detained several weeks in New York, and his presence was deemed necessary- in this enterprise. Gen. Dearborn arrived about the first of March, when ho was in- formed that Sir George Prevost, having adjourned the provincial par- liament and arrived in Kingston, was making active preparations for oflTensivo measures; that a force had been collected from Quebec, Montreal, and Cpper Canada, of from fiOOO to 8000 men, ami that an attack from Kingston might be shortly expected. By the 14th the apjtrchensiotis of attack had nearly subsided, and Gon. Dearborn apprised the Secretary of War of his belief to that cff"ect, and added, — "All the apprehension is now at Kingston. Sir George has visited York and Niagara, and returned to Montreal. Several bodies of t Cooiior's Xuval History. HISTORY OF JEFFP:RS0N county, new YORK. 541 troopa have passed up from Montreal ; but such precautions have been taken to prevent their number being iipcertained as tf> render it impossible to lurin any aceurate opinion of their forces, or even to imagine very nearly whiit they aniouiit to. From various ?ourees I am perfectly jfatisfied tliat they iirc not in suflicient force to attack this place, knowing as they do that wo have coHeetcd a fine body of tror»ps from (irecnbusli and Platlsburg, and that tlie militia have been ealleci in." On the 1 Jth of Mareh a council of war was held, composed of the prineiiml officers on the station, and the attack upon Kingston was formally abandoned until the co-operation of the fleet could be sc- eured. The naval pre|>:irations necessary for the aecomplishment of these )diins were actively prosecuted under the direetion (»f Mr. Kck- ford, the President having, on the .'id of March, directed six sloops- of-war to bo built on the lakes, and as many to be bouglit as might he needed for the service, and the sum of S9t)0,000 was Appropriated for this object. Several ships on the ocean were laid up in our At- lantic ports, and their crews transferred to the lakes ; the pay of sea- n.en was advanced twenty-five per cent., aud the chief energies of the nation appeared to be directed to this frontier as the probable theatre of momentous events in the coming campaign. On the 14th of April the enemy launched two large vessels, and their naval forces received large accessions from the British fleet.* On the 7th of April the brig ".Jefferson" was hiunched at Sackct's Harbor, and on the 10th the brig "Jones." On the ilth the keel of the "General Pike" was laid. The "General Pike" was said to have been built in one hundreer8t>n to receive tlie said property and i*ej)Iace it in tlie arsenal. This duly was performed, as will appear by invoice and snpcrintetidcnt':?! re- ceipt, recently received \>y me, and herewith transmitted, marked ' B,' and hy Qnnrteriiui.-cned a heavy and effectual fire upon the enemy, and the three cumjianies landed in the most complete style. The enemy gave way before our troops could come to the bayonet's ])oint, and were pursued up the bank by our troops. At the top of tho bank a fresh body of British grenadiers (said to be the 8th, or king's grenadiers) made a formidable charge upon this column, and compelled it, for an instant, to retire : but our troops instantly rallied and returned to tlic charge, and with the most complete success. Not a man of the grenadiers escaped our fire or charge; and our troops, just reinforced by the remainder of the liitb, remained undisturbed masters of the bank. This reinforcement brought the colors of the l.^th, which accompanied the platoon of Capt. Steele. The enctny jirescnted a fresh front ; the troops were instantly formed for the charge by Maj. King, who gave them Yitukce hmttllc : but the enemy did not like our music, nor our pikes, any better than our rifles ; they gave way, and fled in the utmost disorder. The American forces having all landed, formed into platoons, and marched towards the enemy's works, flanked by the rifle corps; one field-piece and a howitzer were placed at the head of the column, in charge of Capt. Fanning, of the .'Id Artillery. The general then or- dered a recounoisanee td' the enemy's works, and thereby ascertained their strt ngth, and the imjiortant fact that they were spiking their own guns towarcls the sbipjiing. The general immediately ordered Capt. Walworth, of the Ifith. with his company of grenadiers, to make the assault. Walwortli gallantly ordered his men to trail aruts, and advanced at the accelerated pace, but at the moment they were ordered to rrcrer, niitl vhunjc the enemy, the enemy broke in the utmost confusion, leaving several men wounded on the ground, which they abandoned. They proceeded in admirable order on a gradual ascent, when a fire was opened upon them of round and canister, from the quarters of the British governor. The gca- t The number ef Ameiicjin troops that landt^d wasatniut eight hundred. 542 HISTORV OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. eral ordered the troops to lie cluse^ while the artillery under Maj. EuFtis was brought to the front, and silenced the enemy's battery. The firing very soon cciist-d aUog»;ther, and the Americans were cx- ]n-'cting a flag of surrender, whtn a terrible explosion of the British magazine took place. "^ The explosion was* stupendous and awful, and at the instant the common sujiposition was a subterranean mine. The general had just aided in removing a wounded man with his own hands, and sat down on a stump with a British sergeant, who had been taken prisoner, and whom the genural was examining when the explosion look ]>lace. The general, Capt. Nicholson, and the British sergeant were all mortally wounclcd. Brigade-Maj. Hunt, assisted by Lieut.-Co). Mitchell, of the 3d Artil- lery, formed the troops, ami were ready to give or receive a charge in live minutes after the explosion. The wounds of Gen. Pike were of such a nature as to disqualify him from all further service, and the command devolved on Col. Pcarcc, of the ]6lh Infantry, as the senior officer, who sent a flag demanding an immediate surrender at discretion. They made only one stipula- tion, which was granted without hesitation, — that private property should be respected. The British general made his escape, and a body of regular troops with him. When the surgeons were carrying their wounded general and his aids from the field, our troops, which had just formed, gave a tremendous huzzu ! The general turucd his head anxiously to inquire what that was for; a sergeant, who accompanied him, said. The Hn'tish union- jack ia comiuff ilotni, (fenenil ; tfit etnrs are yoi'iig up! lie heaved a heavy sigh of ecstasy and smiled, even amidst the anguish which must have been inseparable from the state of his wounds. He was carried on board the commodore's ship, accompanied by the commo- dore, who came to attend him, where his gallant spirit fled, another Montgomery in fate; not, indeed, perishing by the valor of a gallant foe, but falling, even in the arms of victory, by the barbarous revenge of a baftlcd and defeated enemy. As the general was breathing his last the British standard was brought to him. He made a sign to have it placed under his head, and died without a groan, though his sulTerings must have been ex- tremely severe. His body was embalmed at York, and conveyed to Sacket's Harbor, where it was interred in the magazine of Fort Tomp- kins with all the stately pomp of military honor, amidst the regrets of every good man. Capt. Nicholson, of Maryland (an inestimable young man, who was killed by his side), his beloved aid and pupil, was buried in the same grave, and at the same time, by order of the commanding general, in testimony of his respect for the deceased. Gen. Sbcuffe commanded the British troops, militia, and Indians. No resistance was offered after the explosion. The '* Duke of Gloucester," in port undergoing repairs, twenty gun- boats and 28 guns, with an immense quantity of provisions and naval stores, were the fruits of this capture. A large ship on the stocks, and nearly planked up, and a quantity of naval stores, were fired by the enemy upon their retreat. There not being a sufficient number of transports to remove the prisoners, about .^00 were releaseil upon their parol. Gen. ShealTe's baggage and pajiers fell into the hands of Gen. Dearborn, and a human nrulp was Inuiul suspendetl, with the mace, over the chair of the speaker in the legislative council-chamber. The following account of killed and wounded was soon after jmb- lished : By the Americans in the battle, 14 kilh-il and .12 wounded ; by the explosion, '18 killetl and 222 wounded; by the British, 20(1 killed and wountled ; "Ofl prisoners of militia and ."iO regulars. Of the navy, 1 1 sailors were killed and 1 1 wounded. Gen. Boyil was soon after assigned the command of the brigade of Gen. Pike. The government barracks, etc., were destroyed. Having taken on board all the naval stores that could be trans- ported, the place was evacuated, and the army was taken to Niagara. Chauncey returned to Sacket's Harbor on the I3th of May, and hav- ing taken on board 350 troops, sailed on the 22d for Niagara, where he arrive\ ii'nn t«lii-lls iiimI -hot. macy in the campaign, and effestually suppress any further offensive operations of the Americans for some time. Sacket's Harbor was at this time but poorly prepared for defense. Fort Tomjikins, occupying the site for the present residence of the commancling officer of the station, was manned b^' about 21)0 dis- mounted dragoons, under Col. Backus, 60 artillerists, under Lieut. Ketchum, and 70 infantry invalids, recruits, and parts of companies. A little east of the village was Fort Volunteer, a slight work that had been chiefly erected by a comjiany of exempts. Gen. Dearborn had written to Brig. -Gen. Brown to assume the command and make pro- visions for a defense. Between the village and Horse Island, a mile distant, vvas a thin wood that hacl been partly cut over, and was filled with brush, logs, and stumps. Ojjposite the island was a clearing of about four acres, and the island itself, which embraces twenty-nine acres, and lies at the entrance of the bay, was covered with a growth of timber, and at that time connected with the mainland by a bar that afforded a crossing, nearly or quite dry. The beach opposite was composed, then as now, of a ridge of gravel, which at that time made a natural breastwork four or five feel high. A short distance back, and farther south on the shore, a strip of woods extended, which had been ob- structed as much as possible several days previous, by felling trees in every direction. The enemy having made preparations at Kingston for an attack, embarked 1201) men, under Sir George Prevost. on the evening of May 27, on board the ships " Wolfe," a new vessel of 24 guns ; the " Royal George," 24 guns; the brig ''Earl of Moira," 18 guns: and the schooners "Prince Regent," ''Simcoe," and "Seneca," mounting each several guns; two gun-boats, and about forty barges, under Sir James L. Yeo; and on the following morning (Friday, May 2S) a]>- peared in the ofling, having been discovered by the schooner " Lady of the Lake," that had been cruising on the lake to watch the motions of the enemy. As this vessel came in, signal-guns were fired, and ujiou her arrival Col. Backus dispatched an express to Gen. Brown, who, since the ex- piration of his six months' term, had been residing on his farm in Brownville, eight miles from the harbor. He immediately rejtaired to that place, and issued summary orders for rallying the neighboring militia and preparing the place for defense. Alarm-guns were fired, and dragoons dispatched in every direction to hasten the arrival of succor, and especially that of Col. Tuttle, who was known to be ad- vancing with several hundred regulars. No landing was attem|>ted by the enemy on the 28lh, their attention being drawn off" by a fleet of American barges from Oswego, of which twelve were taken, their crews having fled to the woods, and seven, by outsailing the enemy, got s.afeiy into port, thus increasing the disjiosable force of Gen. Brown. The militia soon began to assemble, and as fast as they arrived were armed and sent to Horse Island, the point at which the enemy were expected to land. The force by which the enemy were to be op- posed comprised 400 infantry and about fiHO militia, without disci- ])line, experience, or organization. The night was spent by Gen. Brown in making dispositions for the attack, which circumstances rendered highly probable would be mado where the militia had been posted. During the night the enemy landed about forty Indians, under Lieut. Anclcrson, on the niainhiml in Henderson Bay, with the view of attacking the rear of the militia, and towarils morning Ihe militia were withdrawn from the islaiul to the shore ojijiositc. About 400 militia, with a six-jiounder, umler Col. Mills, were sta- tioned near the shore opposite the island, with onlers to reserve their fire until the enemy should a]ii)roach within pistol-shot. The remain- der of the militia, under Col. Gershom Tuttle, were jiosted in the edge of the woods, back of the clearing, and Col. Backus, with his dis- mounted dragoons, was stationed in the skirt of the woods near tho village, with orders to advance through the woods towards Horso Island tho moment it was known that the enemy had landed. Col. Aspinwall, with his men, was posted to the left of Backus, and tho artillerists, under Lieut. Ketchum, were stationed in Fort Tompkins, with no other armament than a 32-pounder, mounted on a pivot. The night was spent in making these arrangements, and all parties anxiously awaited the approach of day. The morning of the 2itih dawned beautifully clear and calm. Not a breath of air ruftled the jilaeid surface of the lake, and there existed that peculiar slate of density and uniformity in the atmosphere in HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 543 which pounds are propngnted to a grcnt distance, as is sometimes noliccil before a storm ; and the report of sninll arms in the action which followed was heard with remarkable di-linctness on the hills in Rutliiiid, while the discharj^e of cannon echoed clear and far over the country to distances since unparalleledj and was heard through Lewis, and even in Oneida county. The calm prevented the enemy from liringing their vessels to co- operate in tlio attack, and was one of the causes that influenced their subsequent retreat. As soon as it was light the enemy were seen api)roaelnng in thirty-three large boats, under cover of gun-boa(s, directing their course to the outside of the island, where they hinded and formed without opposition; but in crossing the bar that con- nected it with the nniiiihmd they encountered a galling fire, and lost several in killed and wounclcd. whom they subsequently carried off. As the landing was being efl'ected. the heavy gun in Fort Tonipitins was brought to bear with considerable effect upon the enemy's column. The fire of the militia was at first well directed and deadly, and was answered by discharges of musketry and by two small cannon loaded with grape-shot; but Gol. Mills, who was stationed a short distance towards the village with his cannon, fell earl^' in the en- gagement, and his death, with the unaccustomed whistling of balls that cut down the branches of the trees around them, struck with terror the inexperienced militia, and without waiting to return the fire or recover from the panic, they turned and fled towards the town in the greatest confusion. Oen. Brown, finding himself nearly alone, with no support but this company, retired towards the village, directing those that could be rallied to annoy the advancing column of the enemy as much as possible. The enemy iiaving gained the beach and dispersed the militia, formed in good order and marched towards the town. They were soon met by the troops of Col. IJackus, who had advanced to dispute their progress, and who gallantly en- countered and returned their lire, retiring slowly before them through the half-cleared woods. Gen. Hrown hacl succeeded in rallying about 100 militia, with the aid of Taleb AVcstcott. a citizen, and others, and had joined the detachment of liackus; but at this juncture, happen- ing to look towards the ship-yard, he was surprised to see huge vol- umes of sni()ke issuing from the store-houses that contained the spoils of York. Not knowing l)ut that the enemy might have gained his rear, he hastened to the spot and ascertained that the disastrous panic of the militia had been communicatee! to those in charge, and a re- port had reached Lieut. Chauncey, of the navy, that all was lost, and upon the faith of this rumor be had given orders to fire the buildings, an act which the most extreme and desperate igsue of affairs could alone justify. Learning the cause of the conflagration, and some- what relieved by the knowledge that the enemy were still but on one side, he returneil, giving directions to Lieut. Ketchum, in Fort Tomp- kins, to maintain that post as long as the heat of the flames would permit. The regulars of Col. Backus felt their courage renewed upon learning the nature of the accident that had given a natural alarm, and continued steadily to oppose the advance of the enemy, who had now gained the clearing next the village. Very soon after, Cul. Backus fell mortally wounded. The enemy had throughout evinced great courage and coolness, and were under the immediate command of Capt. Gray, who was advan- cing in front of the ranks, and walking backwards, waving his sword fur his troops to follow, and shouting, *' Come on, boys; the day is ours! Kememlier York!" when he suddenly fell, wounded, and im- mediately expireii. At (his moment the signal for ret rent was given from the fleet, and the enemy hastily retreated to their boats. This retreat is said to have been in part caused by hearing a report of small arms on tlie right, from the rallied militia, but which the enemy mistook for a reinforcement of regulars which they had learned was advancing under Col. Tuttle, and was then within a mile of the place. The enemy on their retreat removed a part of their wounded, and, having re-embarked, at about 10 o'clock sent a flag demanding a surrender of the place which they had been unable to capture, and were of course I'efused. They shortly after sent an<)ther flag requesting to send surgeons to their wounded, which was denied, as they still seemed not to have abandoned the attack, and were laying by in their barges ; but shortly after they juit off to the fleet, which lay about five miles from the town, and made sail for Kingston. Both Sir George Prevost and 8ir James Yen are said to have landed during the en- gagement. The loss of the British was ToO in killed and wounded, and .34 taken prisoners. Our loss was 150 killed, wounded, and missing. The enemy took a few prisoners, and one man was found killed and scalped in the woods by the Indians. The flames of the burning stores were subdued as quickly as pos- sible, but not till they had consumed $jOO,000 worth of jiroperly. The ship ** Pike," then on the stocks, was saved. The prize schooner, the " Duke of Gloucester," was saved by Lieut. Talman, of the army, who boarded it, extinguished the fire, anjiiinIiiuke of Gloucester,' arc yet safe in Jacket's Harbor. Sir (!curge Prevost landed and com- mauded in person. Sir James Yco commanded Ihc enemy's fleet. " In haste, your,«, •'Jacok Bitowx, "His Excrllkncv D, D. Tompkins." Two days before the battle of Sacket's Harbor occurred the capture of Fort (ieorgc; and, on the 1st of June, Com. Chauncey rcturnetl to Sacket's Harbor, where he remained two months, until the " Pike" was reath, when near the False Ducks, on the north sliore, recaptured the '* Growler" and the '* Julia" (named ** llaniiltou and *' Coutiance'* by the enemy), the "Mary Ann," the *■ Drumniond," and the "Lady Gore," gun- vcssels, and caused the enemy to abandon an 1 burn a sixth. The " Enterprise," a small schooner, was the only one that cscajicd. The prizes, mounting one to three guns each, were taken to Sackct's Harbor. Sackct's Harbor hail for several weeks been alive with the bustle of preparation for the approaching descent upou Canada. A great number of armed boats and transports were built, and large quantitiis of supplies were collected. Immediately after Wilkinson's arrival, he waited upon the secretary of war and remonstrated against mak- ing iin attack upon Kingston. The secretary differc i from this opinion, but aj^puinted a meeting on the 6th, to hear the opinions and arguments on this subject. The chief objection against this attack arose from the apprehension of delays and the lateness of the season. Much correspondence ensued, in which various modes of operation were proposed, and several days, in a season already too late for operations of this class and magnitude, \vere trifled away to no purpose. Gen. M'ilkinson had been sick at Fort George, and was still unwell. At this late i-eason of the year. when, with no other enemy but the weatlier, it would seem the extremity of folly to attempt the naviga- tion of the lake in open boats, from the peril arising from sudden tempests, it was decided to pass the enemy's fleet and army, and descend upon Montreal, allowing the enemy the privilege of attack- ing on his own territory in both front and rear, with an intimate knowledge of the country and its resources, and every advantage that a skillful commander could have desired had the selection of circum- stances been left to him. Viewed in its jiroper light, the expedition may be justly considered an outrage upon reason and common sense, and justly entitled to the odium which has been attached to it and its imbecile commander, and in its results it forms one of the darkest pages of American history. Our forces were first to be assembled at (Jrenadier Island, and on the IGth of October, Hampton was ordered by Wilkinson to advance to the mouth of the Chateaugay, or any other point that might better favor the junction of the two armies, and hold the enemy in chock. On the 26th of October, at noon, orders were issued for the heavy, light, and flying artillery, commanded by Colonels Porter, Eustis, and Macomb, and the fourth brigade, commanded by Brig. -Gen. Swartwout, of the infantry, to embark, and proceed immediately to liasiu Harbor, in Grenadier Island. At six i>.m. the whole embarked, and put off with a favorable wind, the transports mostly consisting of scows, Durham boats, common lake sail boats, and bateaux. The wind and weather favored until one o'clock a.m., when the boats appeared to be much scattered : some had landed on IMllar Point and Point Peninsula; some had entered Chauniont Hay and other inlets: others had landed on Cherry, Stony, and Horse islands; and others s-tood off for Khujthni, where one boat, with an oflicer ami ten men, is said to have arrived in safety. Several boats landed on Long Island, in IJrilish territory, and some safely reached their destination at Basin Harbor. It soon began to rain, and the wind increased to a gale, in which the boats and seows which had landetl were drifted and beaten on tiio shore, which In some places was rough and rocky, while others, still on the lake, made the first point of land they could dis- cover, to save tbeiuselvos. The morning disclosed a scene of desola- tion truly distressing. The shores of the islands and mainland were strewn with broken and sunken boats, and the day was spent in un- loading such as could be reached, and in endeavoring to save such per- ishable articles as could bo found, the gale continuing through that day and the following night. On the lS(h, the wind having abated, several boats were got otf from the rocks, and arrived at Basin Harbor, but on the next day the storm increased, and several boats that had at- tempted to gain their rendezvous were driven back u}ion the shores. On the 20th the day was favorable, and many of the sound boats reached Basin Harbor. 35 Tlu^ IjL'igiitles or (icns. liruwii, Boyd, and Covington, wbiub had encainpeij at Henderson Harbor, arrived at Grcuadicr island on the 20(li. Of tlie llotilla that had left Sackct's Harbor, Dftccn large boats were entirely lost : many others, with several scows, were much dam- aged, and a large quantity of bread was destroyed. The troops re- mained eneani|ied on the island until the 1st of November, engaged in repairing the boats and making preparations to descend the St. ]Iy of winter clothing and shoes for the troops on the island, some of whom were nearly destitute. He observed many fires of troops along the shore, but the wind was so violent that he could not communicate with them. On the 2:id Col. Colo arrived with 200 men of the 12th regiment, and sailed for the ren- dezvous, nnd the ** tlrowler" was sent to Oswego for Cols. Randolph and Scott, who were expected there, and as many men a^' the vessel could carry. The general returned the sameday to Grenadier Island and arrived off the island at eight in the evening, the weather con- tinuing boisterous during this night and the day following, with Se- quent rains and heavy gales, so that a landing could not be effected until the 2olh. (Jen. Brown was ordered to take command of the advance and post himself at French creek, where the detuehments were ordered to ren- dezvous. The '* Growler" arrived at Grenadier Island on the IHst, with 2;iO men of the 20th regiment, ami November 2, Chauncey look n position to protect the south channel, where it was apprehended the enemy would enter and occupy Fort Carlton, which, with some re- pairs, would have effectually commanded that channel, and compelled the American army to winter on Lake Ontario, or run the gauntlet under the batteries of King.-tou. On the evening of Novemlier 1, the enemy, having observed the concentration of our forces at Krench creek, attacked Gen. Brown about sunset with two brigs, two schooners, nnd several boats laden with infantry. The encampment of Brown was a short distance up the creek, and ho had caused a battery of three IS-pounders to be erected on Bartlet's Point, a short distance above, which, from its elevation, gave it a superiority over that of the enemy. Tliis battery was under the command of Capt. McPherson, of the light artillery, and was served with such effect that the assailants soon dropped down the current beyond its reach. The ne.\t morning the attack was re- newed without success, and one of the brigs was with cal checked the advance, and soon per- suaded the carpenters to desist, on the assurance that the sentinel should be impartially tried, and suitably punished if convicted. lie was taken to Watcrtown, an examination held, and he was sent to a distant station to bo out of their reach. Tho "Mohawk" and "Jones" were still on the stocks, the arma- ment of which, as well as that of the " Superior," must be transj)orled through Wood creek and Oswego river, as the roads through tho Black River valley were nearly impassable from mud. This tho enemy well knew, and were also informed that tlie rigging and arma- ment of these vessels was on its way to Oswego. To possess these supplies would he equivalent to the destruction of our squadron, as without them tho new ships could not appear on the lake, nor could the lleet of the previous year venture out in the presence of the gn-atly- incruased naval armament of the enemy, with the slightest hopes of success. This descent upon Oswego was therefore planned with great foresight, and had its execution been as successful as its con- ception was bidd and masterly, the beam of fortune uui.st have pre- ])onderated with the Briti;!«h, and the results of this campaign might have been as disastrous, as those of the previous yt-ar had been dis- graeeful, to the American arms. Oswego had not been occupied by regular troops since the Revolu- tion, and Cnl. Mitchell had arrived at Saeket's Harbor Ajiril :U), with four companies of heavy and one ol light artillery, serving as in- fantry. Of cannon, tho fort had but five old guns, three of which hiid lost their trunnions. The jdaec was hastily |mt in as good a state of defense as possible, when the enemy appeared, on the 5th of May, with a force of four ships, three brigs, and a number of gun- boats. A cannonade was begun and returned with much spirit,-and a landing attempted, but not accomplished, when the enemy stood off from the shore for better anchorage. One or two of the enemy's boats were picked up, and guards were stationed at various points along the shore. At daybreak on the 6th the fleet again approached the village, and, after a fire of three hours, landed OIH) of De Watcrvillc's regiment, 00)1 marines, two companies of the Gkngary corp.«, and 350 seamen, who took posseesiroceedcd on to within about twenty rods of the woods, where they landed, and formed on the north bank, at a place now occupied l)y a store-house, and which afl'orded the first solid ground for marching. The advan- cing column, headed by Mr. Jloare, a midshipman of the British navy, had approached to within ten rods of the aiuhush, when, on a signal, the riflemen of Maj. Appling arose from their concealment and firoiL Several fell dead, and their leader fell, pierced with eleven balls — some accounts say seven — in his heart. So sudden and eflfect- ual was this movement that it threw the enemy into confusion, and, after a fire of a few minutes, the order was given to rfianjc, upon which tho riflemen rushed forward with hmd cheers, holding their rifles in the position of charge bayonets. The result was the surren- der of the enemy at discretion. This was scarcely done, when the Indians, true to their character as savages, came furiitusly on, yelling and brandishing their weapons, and were with the greatest difficutry prevented from murdering tho disarmed prisoners; and, indeed, it * Danfel Appling was born Aug. 25, 1787, in Colunil'fa county, Ga. lie en- li'r*Hi the iirniy, and soon evinced uncommon cai>»cit,v; wa^ pn»niote») Capt., April, ISIJ; Miijur Ut Kille:*, April i:», 1H14 ; U.-Col.,Ma>-, 1S14 ; Bvt. Col., Dec., 1SI4. At the ufTair in Sniidy creek, Hiiy *^ll, ISH, he reuilered hiuiseir ci^iitiipic- \uni» fur hiti pi-rsonal viilur. He sulmeiiuently lion* u proinirient imrt in the battle uf IMiittaburgh. Cul. Appling (lied at ^lont^oniery, AIu., March 18, lt>17. A ])o.it-uRlce iu Adams bore his uauie fur some yeunt subsequent tu 1836. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 547 hns been generally believed that one or two British officers were mor- tally wounded after they bad yielded. The enemy were commamlod by Cupts. Pojihani and .S|uUbury, and tlicir loss was IK kilk'assed down the St. La\v- rence. and has since been uj)on the high seas. At the present time the American and British Governments main- tain a single war vessel in the revenue service on the entire range of lakes. The steamer " Michigan," carrying one heavy gun, is em- ployed by the U. S, Government. BIOGRAPHY OF OFFICERS OF 1812-l.i. The following military biographies and notices of eminent officers of the last war with Great Britain are from Dr. Hough's History, published in 1854, with corrections and additions by the doctor. MAJOR-GKNKItAL JACOB BROWN' was born in Falls township, Bucks Co., Pa., and within sight of the city of Trenton, N. J., on the 9th of May, 1775, and was the fourth descendant of George Brown, an English immigrant, who had settled in the province two years before the arrival of Penn. The descent was by Samuel, John, and Samuel Brown, all of them Quakers, and by profession farmers. His father had married a daughter of Joseph Wright, a celebrated Quaker preacher, and she possessed a degree of intelligence and strength of mind seldom equaled : qualities which were f*e- t|ueiitly fullilletl. Migor Darliv Moore visited the ptjice the minie month, anil provided fi»r tlie gpet-dv rricli..n at" l<:irnirks uii ihr plsiin towunl the lake. J Screw pi-o|H^ller. HISTORY OF JKFFEruSON COUxNTY, NEW YORK. 549 The family consisted of John (afterwards Judge Brown, of Brown- ville), Jucoh, Joseph, Mary (Mrs. Newland, of Fish kill, deceased), Benjamin, Saiiiiict (Major Brown, formt-rly of Brownville), Hannah (Mrs, B. Skinner, slill living), M'illiam. Abi {Mrs. M, Evnn!=), and Joseph.* Samuel Brown, his fiithor. possessed a considerable estate, and gave his family the benefit of such instructions as the vicinity afforded, and for one or two seasons Jacob, with his brother John, attended an academy nt Trenton, and liis education was completed at the winter's tire, at home, where he kejit a small school for in- structing the younger members of the family. An unfortunato speculittion had deprived his father of the means of affording him a finished education, nnd at the age of sixteen ho found himself reduced to the necessity of looking out for himself, and he even conceived the idea of retrieving the fortunes of his family, and from that moment set himself assiduously to the work.f From eighteen to twenty-one, ho was employed to leach a large school in Crnsswicks, N. J.,and having qualified himself for the duties of a land surveyor, he spent one year in the Miami country, in Ohio, to which section his father had conceived the idea of removing, but he re- turned in 170S, and was again induced to take charge of a Quaker school in New York. It being a period of political excitement, he frequently took a part in these discussions, nnd in one of thorn he formed an acquaintance with Gouverueur Morris, which subsequently ri])ened into :i warm friend.'^hip. He abimt the same time became acquainted with Rodolph Tillier, the agent of the Chassanis company, wlio made with him a journey to his father's house, and concluded a bargain with S. Brown for the purchase of a large tract at two dollars per acre. In February, 1799, having given \\\> his school, he started for his future home, the loca- tion of which bad nut been definitely fixed, and arrived at the French settlement, at the high falls on Black river, between which place and Utica he made several journeys during the winter, and l>rought in a quantity of provisions preparatory to his final removal to a location he had decided upon forming, at the head of navigation of Black river. In March, as soon as the river was clear of ice, he launched a boat upon its swollen and angry waters, and floated down to the Ijctng Falls. From thence, in cnmpany with Chambers, Thomas Ward, and a few hired men, he took the route of the French Hoad, then nearly opened, and when he supposed they had gone far enough, struck ofl" towards the river, which he happened to reach at the present village of Brownville. lie was here so struck with the un- expected advantages otfered by the fall nt the mouth of the Philomel creek, then swollen by spring floods, that he residvcd to make his stand here, where the water-power appeared sufficient for every pur- pose required, and the river, with some improvements below, could be navigated by boats. On the 27th of May he was joined by his father's family, who came by the tedious navigation of the Mohawk, Oneiila lake, Oswego, and Lake Ontario. He commenced at once clearing lands, and the next year erecting mills, etc., the details of which are given in our history of Brownville, In September and October, K'.iy, he, with his brother Samuel, surveyed the townships of Hague and Cambray, in St. Lawrence Co., and until the opening of a land office at Le Raysville, in 1S07. he acted as the agent of Mr. Le Ray in the settle- ment of his hinds in Brownville and adjacent towns. He was mainly in:^trumental in jirctcuring the construction of the State roads, one in ISOI. from Redfii'ld by way of Adams, antl one from I'tica by the Black River valley. Of both of these he was apjxjinteil a commis- sioner for locating and opening, nnd he succeeded in getting them both to terminate at his location in Brownville, where himself, his father ami brothers, had opened a store, built mills, commenced the manufacture of potash, which found a ready market in Kingston and Montreal, and made extensive clearings for raising grain. In 180i, the question of forming one or more new countii^s from Oneida became the abyorbing theme, and a convention was held at Denmark, Nov. 20, IStU, to decide upon the application, at whicli most of the delegates are said to have gone prepared to vote for one county, but from the influence of Mr. Brown and Gen. Martin, of Martinsburgh, were induced to apply for the erection of two new counties. In locating the county-seat, the most active efl'orts were made in each * MHJor.I. Tbomns Brown, a son of S«mnpl Brown, died !n Naples, Italy, In .Tilly, 18.V», jiped 4!t. lie wiw an eniineot vngiiiecr on tlie N. Y. & E. R. I(.,)nid &nI)Sf Unssiu. f Malional Porlr.iit (iatlcry of D)>tiii(:nl3heil AnH-ricans, part xx. county, Marttnsbargh and Lowville being the rivals in Lewis, and Watertown nnd Brownville in Jefferson, Mr. Brown was ihe princi- pal advocate of the latter, but the mass of settlement was then in the southern towns, and the portion north of Black River was known to be low, level, nnd (in a state of nature) much of it swampy. The settlements that had been begun at that early day at Perch River, Chaumont, and on the St. Lawrence, were visited by severe sickness, and the idea was entertained, or at least held forth to the commis- sioners who located the site, that it could never be inhabited. Mr. Brown next endeavored to procure the location on the north bank of the river, near AVatertown, nnd made liberal oflere of land for the public use, but the perseverance nnd intrigues of Mr. CotTeen and others succeeded in fixing the site at its present location. After the opining of the land-oflice nt Le Raysville, Mr. Brown continued for two or three years devoted to his private affairs, and meanwhile received, unsolicited, commissions of captain, and of col- onel of the 108th regiment of militia. His promotion in the line of military life is said to have arisen from his avowed aversion to fre- quent and expensive military parades in time of peace, calling off the inhabitants from their labors in the fields, and encouraging habits of intemperance, which in those days were too frequently the accompa- niment of such gatheiings. His views on the subject of militia or- ganizations apjiroached more nearly to our present system, and in se- lecting him for ofiice the peojde were convinced that while he omit- ted nothing conducive to the public safety he wouhl cause them no needless expense of time and money for parades. In his public and private conduct and daily life, they saw him in possession ratc about national honor and national sovereignty and national dignity. Your Excellency will be so gt>od as to remember that I am the frontier general in the State of New York, Caiiaila- wards. I am serious in my applicafion to be up(»n duty if there is war, and your friendshiji will lay me under great obligations. *' Yours, truly, " Jacob Biiows. *'HlS EXCKLLKNCY D. D. ToMPKINS." On the declaration of war, (^en. Brown was appointed by Gov. Tompkins to the command of the militia on the frontier, from Os- wego to St. Regis, and spent the summer in organizing nud directing the military movements at Sackct's Harbor, Cape Vincent, and va- rious points along the St. Lawrence below ; nor did this season pass without incident to call into exercise those traits of decision, energy, and tact which were signally displayed at a later period in the war. His first duty was (o quiet the alarm which the first tidings of hos- tilities occasioned, for which purpose he traversed most of the settle- ments of the county, held little meetings of the inhabitants, nnd, by his representations and advice, succeeded to a great degree in restor- ing confidence, and procuring the adoption of measures calculated to be effectual in case of urgent need. Late in the season he was suc- ceeded by Brig. -Gen. H(Klge, and onlered to assume the eommnud at Ogdensburgh, tu which place he repaired by witter. He had scarcely 550 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. taken up his quarters there when he was attacked, on the* 4th of Oc- tober, hy the enemy, but succeeded in repelling them in a manner that conferred much credit upon himself and his troops. The phm which he proposed was to take Prescott, and, by inter- ceptinjj the cummuDieations of the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa^ to deprive Upper Canada of aid, iind capture it in detail. His scheme was not adopted, and in the event the expenditure of vast sums and much blood on the Canadian frontier effected nothing. On the 2yth of May, ISl.'t, Gen. Brown was hastily summoned to defend Saeket's Ilarbtir from nn nttiick which the eneuiy planned against that place in rctaliatiun of our descent upon Little York, and the successful result of bis plans in this ci)g;igement led to his promotion »s a major-general in the regular service, and opened the way to that career uf victory which, in this nud the following year, distinguished the Ameriean armies under his command on the Niagarn frontier. Such W!is the lustre that his name acquired in these campaigns that, upon the formation of the peace establishment, he was retained in command of the northern division of the army, that of the south being under Andrew Jackson. The details of the military niove- ments of this frontier will be given in the following chapter; those of the Niagara belong to our general history, A series of resolutions wa? passed by Congress, Nov. ',i, 1814, the first of which was as follows : '* Rf.Kolcefif hy the Senate nnrl Jlmme of Rrprctrutntirrs o/ tfir Vn'ited Sttiten nf A)iicrif(i III Cntujrrfiif anHenifihff, That the thanks of Congress be and they are hereby iirescntud to Maj.-(icn. Brown, and through him to the othcers and men of the regular army, and of the miliria under his coniniaud. for their gallantry and good conduct in the suc- cessive battles of Chipj)ew!i, Niagara, and Erie, in l'[)per Canada, in wbieh British veteran troops were beaten and repulsed by equal or inferior numbers, and that the President of the Cniteil States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck emblematical of these triumphs and presented to Maj.-Gen. Brown." This medal bears his profile, after a painting by Sully, upon one side, and upon the reverse it commemorates the battles of Chippewa, Niagara, and Erie. The New York Legislature passed a series of resolutions in December, ISU, expressing their approbation, and presenting a sword to Gen. Brown and the several commanding offi- cers in the late campaign. On the 4lh of Feb., IS 1 5, the corporation of the city of New York presented him the freedom of the city, in a g<)ld box, and directed a full-length painting to bo procured and placed in the City Hall. It is from this painting that our steel jiortrait of Gen. Brown, given in this connection, was engraved. In December, ISKi, Gen. Brown experienced a severe bereavement in the death of a son, named Gouverneur M., who was drowned while skating on the ice near Dexter. This lad is said to have shown an intelligence and sagacity far beyond his years, which naturally gainccl him the affection of those around him, and his father ha4l especially regarded these early manifestations of talent with feelings known only to the doting parent. It may well be irnagined that the heavy tidings gave a deep and lasting wound to his hopes, and desolated the heart beyonil the power of eont»ol«tion or reach of sympathy. In the discharge of his official duties (Jen. Brown removed to Washington in 1821, where ho continued to reside until his death, which occurred Feb. 2i, 1828, from the efleet of a disease ctjntraeted at Fort Erie. For some time previous his physical jiowers had been impaired by a paralytic stroke. His death was announced to the army by an order of the secretary of war, and the funeral ceremonies were performoJ with all the formality and dignity that his exalted rank required. A monument has been erectotl by congress over his grave in Wash- ington, having for its device a broken column, and upon the east side of the base the following inscription: SACRED to the memory of Major-Gcnoral Brown. By birth, by education, by principle, (levoted to peace. In defen-^e of his country, a warrior. To her aerviee he dedicated his life. Wuunds received in her cause abridged his days. tn reviewing the life of Gen. Brown, we cannot but be struck with the evidences of inicgrily. talent, and ability which he evinced in the various stations of jiublic life which he was called to till. In the course of n minute and ilelitiled in'|uiry in Jefferson County, while collecting the materials of this volume, the author has had in- numerable opportunities uf obtaining independent private opinions from those with whom he had been associated in variout ten o'clock. For this addititmal prouf ol your confiilence in assigning to me the eommand of a br gade, you have my earnest acknowledgments. 1 humbly pray (iod that I may do my duty. This county must be sacrificed, provided it should be assailed hy the forco now in Kingston, unless we are provided with the means of defense. AVe will try lo keep them at liay until the neecr^sary supplies arrive, which may Heaven and our country grant speedily. I am, etc. Jacou Bhuwn. His Exckli.kncy D. D. Tompkins. IlROW.NVii.i.K, June 26, 1HI2. Dkau Sir, — In the course of yesterday and last night I ascertained, as I am induced to believe, that the news of the Declaration of War against Great Britain had not been received at Kingston, and by my express I ordered the olheer at Cape Vincent to prevent all passing, an>I, if possible, all communication. Perhaps wc can keep the ucms from this post a ilay or two. Within one hour alter the arrival of Mr. Whigton, I had expresses on tlieir way to every colonel in the counties of L;*wis, Jefferson, and Si. Lawrence, excepting Col. Cox. ami his oriler.«i I sent by Whigton. The men of this county are now assembling : in the course of to-day and next day I trust that I shall have them at Saeket's Harbor. Thitse from the county of Lewis shall be on with all p4>ssible speed, and Col. Benedict lias the necessary neral is sttH living, ut a very advanced age. See his- tory of IJrownville (aiifr). HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 551 . . . Ti)ur Excellency will hear in mind that this is a very new country; that the poimlation is light and generally poor, though very resiieolahle for so new a country, and that if any luore nun aie enllcd from their homes, the crops, ivhich now promise a very abundant harvest, must perish on the ground. I mention this to vour K.vcel- leney as the country expects it at my hands, and much more than my teeble abilities can accomjilish: but no consideration of this na- ture shall deter me for a moment from calling out every man in the country if its defense requires it, though I must for the i.rcsent liopc that the lorcc coming on will render such a measure unnecessary I pray (iod that our (iovernment will act with that decision and energy which becomes a gallant people. I aiu respectfully and humbly yours. T, « , Jatod IJhowv. J-.s.— 1 pray your txcellency to give Colonel (}ursliain Tutllc the command ol a regiment if it has not been done, and your Excellency can consider it for the good of the service. His KXCKLLEXCV D. D. ToMPKt.XS. T. c „ . ... Brownvilie. June 20, 181-2. UKAit bin,— Being solicitous to know with ceriaintv the slate of the preparations designe.l for the safety of this conntrV, I have dis- patched Hart Massey, Ks,,., for that purpose, he being a man in wliom you can place coiitidencc. lieing ilceplv impressed with the weight ot responsibility ihat rests upon inc. I am solicllous, anion" other things, ihat your Execlleucy will give me all the aid by instruc" tiuns that the nature of my situation will .admit. I almost assure m.v.sclt that the munitions of war are at hand so as to enable the in- habiiants ol this county to sell their lives, if they are to be lost: but this IS a subject ot so much iii<,nicnl that I cannot rest until the people actually have arms and aiiimiinition. .Many families are pressing on towards the old setlleincnts, and unless w'c arc immedi- ately supplied I cannot say to what extent this .lisgrace will extend lour I'.xccllciuy will pnd.ably be surprised at this inlelli.'ence. I am loth to state it, and my soul sickens to sec a gallant people thus Many of the guns from the arsenal arc in the most wretched con- dition, and many more totally unlit for use. What powder we have —which, by the way, is very little— is not lit for such a business as we arc engaged in, or for any other but to make squibs War IS not only declared, but aciually commenced, along this bor- der .Some of our people, without orders, and, in fact, without con- sulting With any per.son in the service, captured the little garrison on tarllon ishiii.l, and the prisoners arc now on their way to .-Jacket's Jlarbor. Jor the i.arliculars, I must refer you to Mr. Massey, who knows whatever has transpired in the counly. ... I have given thccommaud at Cape Vincent, fur the present, to .Tohn IS. bsselstyn, and I should be gratified if vour Execllcncv would as- sign hiui to a command as .Major, which rank he holds in" the militia at present. Your Excellency may count with certainty upon every Indian throughont British America being perfectly armed and i.reparcd for the combat. ' * Yours respectfully, Jacob IJkow.v. To Gov. TOMPKI.NS. BRnwNviLi.B, Julv 2, 1S12. Dkak .SiR,_It is with great pleasure that I inform vourExcellencv that the perturbation produced by the declaration of "war is subsiding lur the [»ro:?ent. * I ini.st take the liberty of again reminding your Excellency that I ape \ incciit and Og.lensburgh are. in my humble opinion, the fioints at which your principal force should be assembled. Sackefs llarbor 13 too lar tioiu the line, as I can have no idea of our lloverninent de- claring war against Great Britain wilhuut the conquest of faimda Our honor and interest and everything demands it. For lleiven-s sake, let our country put forth its strength, and Canada must fall, and that at once, to Quebec, and we shall no longer be subject to the dis- grace ol delcnding our country against Cauada and the alarm of a savage foe. perpetual Col. Bellinger would, in ray humble opinion, be much more useful on Ihe M. I.awreiice; his force can at present have no active duty where they arc. They are now greatly wanted on 1 he St. Lawrence, and will be. until the arrival of rciuforccmcnts. .\s vet I have heard of no reiuforcemcnls being on Ihe way, and until lhis"inomeiit I have heard or no more arms or aninuinilion. By a letter from Judge ..Mtwaler 1 have, whilst writing, learned that arms would probably be in Den- n.ark by 1,,-uiorrow evening: what quanlily. he does not'sav With- out ordiiaucc, your Exeellency will pereei-ye that Ogdensburgh and Cat e \ inccnt, and al our places along the .St. Lawrence and the Lake, will be in danger of being destroyed. I should suppose that ou^ country would not he willing to submit to such disgrace will "I'l l',™l",'''",'l "•'"''.''',"• "'"^u Lieut.-Col. Benedict's letter, together with tha o .lodge Hichards. arrived. I send a copy of llenediefs and he ,ru,lge s letter, that you may have a view of' the war in that qnarler. \\ h:itcver my worthy and gallant friend Benedict may say, 1 '".v 'hat the British will not lake possession of Ogdensburgh with- out the loss of many lives. If the British make their approach with ordnance, Benedict will to be sure, be unhappily siliiated ; but in any situation, your Excel- ency m:.y rely upon his ,Iuing his duty, and l".hink all ho"norab!e men mu.st mourn that he cannot meet the enemy on equal terms. I will write your Excellency again when I see what are the amount of my munitions of war by the teams abont which Judge Attwater speaks, lours respectfully and sincerely, JAion Bkow.v. P.S.— W« are greatly in want of pistols and swords, and if vour Excellency could have some forwarded for Ihe use of men disposed to use ihem, on their paving for thcra, or giving good security, they would be essentially Useful. o ob } • '"'y Uis ExcEi.LKXc V D. D. Tompkins. Bkokstilie, July :i_ ls|o DeahSir,— Since writing you yesterday some of mv scouts brought in a man supposed by them to be a spy: he, howev'er, turns out to nc a gooil ^ aiikce, who was making the best of his way home. Ho was foun.l Ml the woods a little to the west of Indian river, and six or eight miles Iroin the ^;|. Lawrence. He stales that he saw the people who were taken from Ihe vessels that were burned, ihal there ""*■■ •'",."' ""•'"> ""■' "'""■'»; ""i-"' several women and chiblren— parts of families moving-that everything on board the vessels, even their >cry clothes, were burned. This man's story is to be relied on, as he has respectable friends in this village who vouch for his veracity. Maj. .Noon has just been with me: he passed from Dgdensbiirgh to (^ape \ incent since this burning, and confirms Ihe whole account I appichend the British contemplate fortifying Ihe Narrows from isfand to island, so as to command the riier. This must be iire- venled, and for Ibis and other objicts we are greatly in want of ird- nance, and some uieii to use them with success. I have to slate to your Excellency that al the moment when tho greatest a arm existed among Ihe good people of this county. Capt. Lamp and company profl'ercd their services for the defense of the county for thirty ilays. I saw Ihat it could but have the most happy cfiect, and accepted their services. Had I any authority so to do"' At thai moment I supposed Ihat 1 had: upon r"etlcction, f fear that I have not. If I have exceeded my authority I trust your Evcellency will excuse me and inform me what is to be done with "such a business As I have not heard from Col. Stone, and as I consider it of tho hrst iiiiporlance to have more force on tho St. Lawrence, I have ordered Col Bellinger to dct.aeh 100 men to Cape Vincent under the command of his second major. It will be done lo-inorrow I feel inileh delicacy in interfering in any way with Col. Bellinger, but Albany is a great way ofl, and I am persuaded that our force will bo much more serviceable at the St. Lawrence. My opinion is decidedly for pressing to the line. ... ■' Upon the whole, 1 pray your Excellency lo sanction what I have done, and lo he more explicit with your orders in future. My object IS the complete and perlect defense of this country for the present and If I can but eflecl this I shall hojic to meet with the approbation ol the commanilcr-in-chief, though my conduct may be a liitio irregular. As I am collecting a considerable force on" the St. Law- rence, where an enemy may soon be met. 1 have taken the liberty to employ a surgeon on whom reliance may be placed. Dr. Amasa Irowbridge is the man. He is very respectable as a surgeon and I pray your Excellency to approve my choice and forward the tools ho wauls. Yours respectfully, j^^-^a Brow.v. His ExcEi.i.Kxcv D. D. Tompki.ns. Albaxt, June 211, 1812. Dkar Sin.— By Judge Attwater I forwarded the following articles tor the troops under your comm.md: IIIOO muskets: .520 cartridge- boxes: 1.5,000 muskcl cartridges. 1.S to the pound ; 10,IM10 do. IB^to the pound: a ton of lead: 10,:iil0 musket bullets. IS to the liound ■ 5G riHes : 40 casks of powder: 1000 Hints: 2 brass ninc-i.oundcrs • 2 pair staffs, spongers, rammers, port-Bre, stocks, etc. : 2 setts of hor^rZi vessels 'rcnaiu .U K.ngston, and I a,l; r^m"a that they a,e aru.ing several others that are now have gone on to Ogdonslnirgh; the nines are here. Xot kn..win.'who all the olheers are that are assigne,! to mj bri -ade ": to re-iuest vour Exeelleney to order them t^o uu. Col- Stone has received my orders, and I take .t lor granted that he '" Z I'i-, ■::^lTn^vtS';^^r E.eelleney .ill por^ivc ho. mueh I , . nd in n 1 of mv nuartermas.er. Let hin. make h.s appearance Lr h«1t It Seyniou'r does not like h.s l.er.h, I wouM reeommend [^ -our Kvc-l enev a very valuable young officer, Gen Mar Un s aul, Ca rJohn Saflo d. i- if.here is any opening, he would be happy to t 't plo ed, and I should be happy to have such men wUh n.e. ' "^ Yours rcspectlHlly, Ihs ExcE,.LENCV D. D. Tompkins. Jacob Bhown. BaowNvaLK, July ", 1812. D..n S.n,-Sinee writing you yesterday, I l^aye asc^t.in<^that the " Koval Oeor^e," " Duke ul K.-nt, '■ Prince Regent, and tar oi 'Moiri'--wer^ all-iu the bight ot Kingston '-a.'- ";-'-,;' "3-/ ^ ,n„rnin.' comnletely enuinpcd and manned; and that ini liiiu.n "r uTnig ;; ! L ,muA ^L.U, every bottom they eoulj -.nmiuid on the lake-, 'vour E.vcellency must not be -'I'"-' . '' "> f^'",' «..ni„.,i to destroy every vesse we have on the lake, and you »iu ""colonel Stone has not yet arrived, nor one single field-officer, or one s n^k man sumh ol Lewis county. The detachment Irom Tewi" e, 11 "iv a e all with Col. lic.iedict. I intend to go to thecounty u, St. Lawience .he moment I can get hold of Col. Stone and get him aetlled down at his post at Cape Vincent. ... u , 1 „„ I will try and keep them alarmed at Kingston as much and as long as possible. Vours respcetlully, Jacob linow.N, Ihhj.-Gcn. U,S E.XCELI.F.N-CV D. D. TOMPKINS. „„^,,,^,„ ,,^ j,„, ,„, J,,!,. Hr'tLl^;;:n-;t^;i^r-hrx;::;dt;:r'^htt:^^ 'alien. My object is to l/avc the vessels armed, it the governmeut You n'u su'^^ipose .hat I will pay no attention to county resolu- tions on the prcL'ut question. I sliall leave the good coui, V o . t fcrson in a tew days tor St. Lawren.,-e. The peop e ol that .0 .1 t.N are a... told, abandoning it in a most shame.ul manner Ih y "am firm as yet in .IclVerson. Will the government Jj'"'- Z"^, , ' dominion of the lake, or is Woolsey to be sacilh.cd .' av the good ncas to let mo know your Excellency's opinion on tins subject. 1 the "Oneida" is .0 be preserved the government must speedily lurnish Euns to arm and men to man our other vessels. ° Yours respectfully, Jacob linoWN. Ills EXCKI-LKNCY 1). D. ToMPKlNS. Sachet's IIakiwh, .loly 11, 1S12- Dk vu Siu.-I was called very early this morning by an ab'nn to this place. t was rumored that Woolsey, with the •'Oneida, '"-"■;_■■ Fnto the hands ot the enemy. I do not believe "■ a"! ''"^ . , ,/J;"; , seen no enemy. Some may suppose it iiiipru.lent foi Woolsiy to seen no tm m> i i ei.ance. Here he cannot shT; t'i ai, . i Twe have no bat'ery to shield him from a uero force. He may probably dodge their lUet on the broad lake, an 1 ke a shot atthen, ine at a time, lie, so tar, has my -"t-';^^ "" f, Inee and e-tceni, an.l 1 would to iJo.l it was m my power to give h 'Jhe'alii^tance i.e merits. I pray your l^-el^cy U, e. me know snccihcally what aid is to be expected lor W oolsey. lor until 1 kn v JLat he is to be abandoned, I will protect our other vessels to the "T'ha'r'uieTpound cannon at this place, but not a single ,^, ,11 I shot I know and feel the elTccts of your Excellency s zeal fur e ho or and interest of the country, and I have written you so muJh on the subject of munitions ot' war that real y am aU,,,,. ashamed to trouble you any moie; but at .he -'"■>.'"'' ,"^ the inhabi.ants of this place I must again say, that, w ihoiit no means of Irming our vessels, the lake and rive r w.ll mo.t probably • The late l>r- J'bi' SallVoil, of Wut.rlowu, soon be at the command of the enemy, and in that case Oswego Oedensbrr.h, Sacket's Harbor, and Cape Vincen will be at the mfre'of -he enemy's shipping, unless we "- "'• -N; - . ». •>• ordnance lor the defense of these places. .•\nd I piay j o''^ f-xcil Ley "o believe me when I say that it will cost the nation twice as „uch to defend our Ironlier for twelve months as U would to conquer th« ('jinadiis to (Juchcc in six. . . • . i- . *\ „ Vhe on cers of the regular army are attempting to enlist the drafted men I have no Sbjec.ions if it is regular, and < -' P'--- „f the commander-in-chief; but with my F^^' ""l';"'; ""^J,;^ not nermit it unless niv consent is asked, and that ot my colonel., ?or ki lov of no an,hor-itv that any officer in the regular service has com and me, or those under my command, short ol a general, n Zr s biect f prav your excellency to instruct me speeihcally. for I w sh to gi st'-aiglit! partieulaily on these subjects, and I shall evpceryour Excellency to' point the road It shall be traveled. ^ Yours sincerely, Jacob Brown, /f//y.-t.,v.. aKo si nt '^JO muskets and ammu- There are now landing from sloops 711 pieces ol aitilleiy, K s, l. ., , .1 ri,.. «?,i,li I exi.eet will be forwarded on when Gen. ?." ; " .1 s ;:^ i vlaci. ' .\ ow mc to remark that a less nnm- W ; r n: n b^lm, ;::coinmodations, good arms and amnuin. ti^n and Hgibmt officers lo discipline .lieni arc a '..-e «* - -:-io;:-t:i'^Sdi:rS;:-r-=:! :^' Mi^^ \^z ^n vis^Ki;;^.r^rii^ek iuv::^«f;: it-rrr ^y! I ain, dear sir, your obedient --»;- ^^_ ^ Tompkins. GKNEUAI, BllOWN. P « _I confirm your acee,,taiice of the services of Camp and his nv It 11 , ears to me that Bellinger's and Storr's regiments Sacket's Harbou, Aug. 4, 1812. Di.1. S..,-S.,...l C. K....1J. K.C1.. "' CM. ...nl.v. tm. IW ™- eomiianv have signed the articles of association, aceoiding '<"'"« quir'enu^t of the act. They expect to be armed and equipped by the government. , , " I remain yours, etc., t, ■ r- Jacob Buown, liriij.-Oeii. Ills Excellency the GoyEiiNon. SAeKEI's llAllBOn, AuR, ."i, 1812. BKvn Sir _I have the pleasure of inclosing your Excellency an J!r. ^an ;-;v..nes ;,f ,.he a.io,. b.dwe.. ^^^^^Jl i^Z^:rJ(i:X:^ ":m.".tery. The •! Jnlia'; is -^-;; '-••■- 'j; ?f '^«•"■"^;:;:^^,^"tl:r;'nite;l^x iw.:i"n;: wuh "r::; .. »« ^:m;;";Vsl;'L it i"not discharged a. the expiration o the 1, m n hs Will your Excellency ins.ruc. me on this subject I ^^;:;"his .he nn.. important station on -'"' ';;'-• -;' ^, ^'^ HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 553 prefer. By the advice of the maj.-gcneral I have kept Capt. Camp in tlio service. His company is disb:int pmpcr tiiat th}i, iiacktiH, MUlaj and many uthers : ZebuloD Montgomery I'ike was born at Lamberton, N. J., Jan. 5, ITTlt, and at an early day reeeivetl a commission, became familiar with niililary life, and warmly attached to the service. Feeling the want of an education, he applied himself to the task of self-cnlture, and, without the aid of teachers, actiuired a fair classical and general education. lie cherished from an early period a habit of mental dis- eijiline, and the tenor of his thoughts may be inferred from a mem- oniitilaui written by him on a blank page of a favorite volume: "Should my country call for the sacrifice of that life which has been devoted to her service from early youth, most willingly shall she receive it. The sod which covers the brave sliall be uiuistened by the tears of love and friendship ; but if I full far from my friends, and from you, my Clara, remenibcr that 'the choicest tears which are ever shed are those that bedew the unburied head of a soldier,' and when these lines sliall meet the eyes of our young let the pages of this little bohould I be the happy mortal destined to turn the scale of war, will you not rejoice, oh, njy father I May heaven be propitious, and smile on the cause of my country I Hut if we are destined to fall, may my fall be like Wolfe's, — to sleep in the arms of victory !" A thirst for military adventure must be distinguished from pntri- otism ; and in forming an estimate of the merits of character, and in examining the motives which actuated the conduct and guided the life of Gen. Pike, we cannot withhold from him the credit of being influenced by the latter. It is a stain upon our national character that our government allows the graves of the officers who fell on our northern frontier during the war to remain unnoted by any monument, or other memorial of acknowledgment of their merit; not even by a tablet, which our humblest citizens afford as a token of affection to the memory of their dead. EUMUSD KIRBY was a son of Ephraim Kirby, an officer in the Revolution, a member of the Order of Cincinnati, and afterwards Juilge of the Supreme Court of Connecticut. He was born at Litchfield, Conn., April IS^ * Of pine boards. 1791, and entered the army in 1S12 as lieutenant, and served during the war upon the northern and western frontiers. From ISl.S to 1820 he was stationed at Petroit, and in the latter year he joined Maj.-Gun. Brown as an aid-de-camp. From 1821 to 1823 he dis- charge! the duties of adjutant-general at Washington, and in 1824 was appointed to the pay department, and again took post at Browuville. From 1832 to 1840 he was engaged in the Black Hawk, Creek, and Seminole Wars, in which he was actively employed, as well in the fulfillment of his duty as the exercise of humanity to the sick and wounded, for whom he voluntarily encountered many dangers. During the Mexican War he was chief of the pay dejiartmcnt, and disbursed many millions of dollars. A volunteer aid to (Jen. Taylor, at the storming of Monterey, and in like capacity to Gen. Scott, at Vera Cruz, Ccrro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, Chepultepec, and the Mexican cajiital, ho was ever distinguished for courage, bravery, and devotion to his country's cause. Returning with health impaired, from the hardships of a war in a tropical climate, he was received by the citizens of Jefferson County with demonstrations of regard as sincere as they were deserved; but the seeds of disease had been too deeply jdanted in iiis constitution, and he died at Avon Sjirings, N. Y., whither he had resorte»l f«c»s oon- i«vtolvj^l the c\»uil.v of JciTcrson: •• Thf nWrtivf *ltcin|las h»s claims to our nolic*. from tho f»ct that .Icffcrsoii Oouuly was tho theatre of cx- citrmrnl. »n>i the scvno of follies »ini excesses that for some tiiue be- came the absorbiiij theme of disevission lhrv>«shoiil the ouuitrv, ami calle«l into exetf ise the military force of the coviulry to supprvss these iiulicalions of sympathy with measures that thrvatciieJ to ilisturb our amicable relations with a neighN'rinj g»>ver«ment. •• Without attempting a Jiscussion of the origin »t merits of this movement, we shall limit ourselrcs to a recital of the events that transpirvxl in the county, or with which our citiiens were Jirwtly inlerc*te\i. "The burning of the steskmer • (."aroline." near Niagara Kails, on Pee. S9, ISCiT, by a l»anJ of men from Oanaecti» e of party, hcKl mi'etings to Jcnounce the act, and to call upon the extvutive to pr\»videfor the pr\>tectionof our shores against inva- sion hy subjects of a foreign power, •• In acovmlance with this feeling. Congress, Jan, .">l\ IJsiS, »pprK>- prialcvl $<>i^>,t*Oll fv>r the protection of the northern fr\>ntier. ami call- ing out militia or volunteers, or adopting such other measurvs as might be deemed necessary by the secretary of war. under the direc- tion of the Tresidcnt. On the same day a circular was issue*! at Water- town, signeil by six well-known citiiens.* asking c\>ntributions in money, provisions, and clothing, in aid of the political refugees from Canada who had taken shelter among us. They disclaimed any in- tention of aiding the revolutionary movements, and pr\>fc«scd to bo law-abiding and orvler-loviug citiiens. •' Meanwhile, secret clubs, known as • Hui\ter Lodges,' havi been in- slilutr*! in most of the villages, at which plans for invading Canada were discussed, moneys raise^l for prvx-uring arms and ammunition, comjvuiies enliste^l, intelligence communicate*! in circulars and by cipher, and an arbitrary system of names for the several officers in the prv^pt^sed s»erv ice was agree*! upon, to prevent detection. Prep- aralivn the night of February IS. the State arsenal at Watertown was eater«*i. and *tW stand of arms were stolen by persons who were sup- p«vscd to be concerne*! in these movements, .\ rewarj of $2.i0 was offered for the apprehension of the authors of this outrage, but failed to procure the intelligence sufficient to warrant their arrest. .\ por- tion of the stolen pr\>perty was afterwards recovered. The arsenals at Balavia and Elitalnseious sense of rectitude and high c*>nviclion of duty can alone inspire. A portion of these repaired on foot and in sleighs to Hickory Island, on the British side of the channel, about seven miles from Clayton. Il is said that McKeniie was here dissalisfie at the third call : then, acting u]>on the maxim of ' everr man for himself,* this motley band dis|^rsed ; the officers, wiih the utmost difficulty, re- taining a sufficient number to remove the arms they had taken over. It would seem that very little was to be apprehended from suoh iHi-n- rinm»: yet the rumor of this movcuient, reaching Kingston, occasioned sxime uneasiness, and preparations were made to rx'sist any attack that might be made, or act on the o8"ensive should the occasion re- quire it. " Fr\»u» the Kingston papers we loam that t''ol. Cubilt, R, .\,, commandant, and Lieut. Col. Honnycastlc, commanding the mililia of that post, aide*! by the magistrates, organiic*! a force of |1>IH>. a part of whom took a str*nig position on Wolf Island. .Arrangements were made to attack the invaders at their rendeivou.«, hut before tho morning of the 2.1d danm-*! the patriot chieftain had SihI, like Ken- hadad the Syrian,t with no one in pursuit, and leaving in his haste a part of the weapons and supplies he had carried into the territory of his enemy, " This panic is .«aid to have b*-en enhanced by the dcelarnlion of a militia captain of the War of 1S12. Capt. Lyttle, who passed up and down the crowd, and pr*)claime*!, with a loud voice, (*«( ht/orr i«oriii»j rirjT iro«W ke nil mnttarml .' The thought of this awful fate gave wings to their flight, and. in an incredibly short space of lime, the new recruits were dispersed to their homes, and the village was re- lieve*! of their presence. The next day a British party visited the island, and found among other things a tjuantity of bmken iron, in- tended to have bevn use*! as slugs, instead of grape shot. ••Two cititrns of Clayton (,Iohn Packar*! and tie*>rge Hulsenbrrg) were captured and K^lge*! in Kingston jail. ••S*H>n after this affair, two companies of militia were called out and stationed at Cape Vincent, and about half a doten at Clayton, where they remaiue*l several win-ks. to intercept any other expedition that might be filled out against Canada. *• March H' an act was passe*! by Congress, empowering • the several collectors, naval ofl^*-ers. surveyors, insp*x'tors of customs, the marshals and deputy marshals of the I'nite*! States, and every other offii-er who might be specially empowere*! by the President, to seiie and detain any vessel, or any arms or munitions of war, which may he provided or prepared for any military expe*!ition or enterprise against the territory or dominions of any foreign prince or State, or of any colony, district, or people a*^ac*-nt to the I'uite*! States,* •• On the night !>elween the 'JSth and ."0th of May, ISoS, the Brit- ish steamer 'Sir Robert Peel' was plundered and burne*! at Wells' island, under the following circumstances. This boat was owne*l by David K. O. For*!, of BrvH-kville. Jonas Jones, of Toronto. William Bac*>n, of Ogdensburgh, Ginirge SherwiHv! and Henry Jones, trus- tees of the crv*!itors of Horace Billings i Co,, of Br*Kkville, She was built at the latter place at a c*>st of $»4,000, and first came out in June, l!*o7, and was commando*! by John B. .\rmstrong. She was then on her way fr*^m Presi-*>tt to Toronto, with ninet*>en passengers, and bad left Brockville in the evening, which was dark and rainy, and arrived at MctVonnel's wharf, on the south side of Wells' island, at midnight, for the purpose of taking on wihh!. '■ Threats of violen**e ha*l been intimate*!, and before the steamer ha>! left Brockville it was hinted to one on b*iard that there was d.in- ger of an att.ack. but this threat was not regar>!ed. The passengers wereasl*-cp in the cabin, and the crew had been engaged about two hours in taking on wiwd, when a company of twenty-two men, dis- guise*! and painted like savage.*, and arme.! with muskets and bay- onets, rushed on boar*!, yelling, and shouting • remember the Car\>- linc!' *!roTe the passengers and crew to the shore, allowing but a hasty opportunity for removing a small part of the baggage, and ti>- war*!s morning, having cast off the b<»at into the stream to about thirty rods" distance, set it on fire. The scene of confusion and alarm which this midnight attack occasioned among the passengers can bo better imagined than described. •' S*»me of them fled to the shore in their night-clothes, and a c*>n- siderable porti*>n of their baggage was K*st. .\fter the b*>at was fired in several places, the party, including Thomas S*'«als. am! steered for .\!>crs island, four miles from Wells' island, where they arrived about sunrise. He stated that there were twenty- two persons be*i*!e himself and the wounde*! m,an in the two tH>ats. These lu-igands were known to each other by fictitious names, as Te- comseh. Sir William Wallace, Judge Lynch, Captain Crocket, Nelson, etc. Several thousand dollars were taken from the boat, with various • TVot cftliai w*f* AlTia Hwwl. F. W. Wbit*. ClmrtM W.GiTea, KalkaaM Wiiev, JaSM* MrKeu^, aad TVh mail, containing important official dis- patches, which he safely brought to the military commandant at Backet's Harbor. In another of his ailvcntures he was caitt on the Canada iihore, and his companions allowed to return ; but not wish- ing to run the hazard of a dinslotture, he concealed himi^elf, and finally e!>caped with mach peril. His familiarity with the geography of Canaila matle him particularly serviceable in procuring intelli- gence. "At a recent interview Johnston assured the author that he had been promised 150 men by a Cleveland committee, who had planned the capture, and that the axsailants numbered but \?, men.* "Gov. Marcy immediately ha.^tened to the county upon the receipt of the news, and on the 4th of June offered a reward of $500 for Johnston, $250 each for David McLeod, Samuel C. Frey, and Robert Smith, alleged to be concerned in the destruction of the ' Peel,' and $100 each for others who might be convicted of the same offen.«e. In a letter from Watertown, dated June 3, to the secretary of war, he advised the co-operation of our government with that of Cana/la, in pursuing the offenders. "June 2, the Earl of Durham, Capt.-Gen. of the British military furces in Canada, issued from Quebec a proclamation, offering a reward of £1000 fur the conviction of any person actually engaged in or directly aiding and abetting this outrage. " Several arrests were made June A, and on the 7th Wm. Anderson, James Ports, Nathan Lee, Chester Warner, S.*th Warner, Wm. Smith, Marshall W. Forward, Wm. S. Nichols, and Henry Hunter fall but Lee, Canadians), were in jail at Watertown, charged with having shared in this affair. Several others were afterwards committed, and for several days it was thought necessary to guard the jail contain- ing the prisoners, as threat^ of attempt at rescue had been ma^Je. "June 23, the trial of these prisoners commenced at Watertown, with that of Anderson, who was indicted for arson upon six count*, the first of which expressed that crime in the highest degree. This trial was conducted before John P. Cushman, one of the circuit judges, Calvin McKnight, Benjamin Wright, and others, and excited extraordinary* interest. When submitted to the jury, the latter, after a deliberation of two bourf, brought in a verdict of nor guilty. De- cember 13, seven prij^oners were, for want of witnesses from Canada, discharged from confinement, but not from indictment. "Immediately after news of this reachci Washington, Maj.-Gen. Macomb was dispatched to Sacket's Harbor, to take such measures as the exigencies of the occasion required. "On the 20th of June he sent word to Sir John Colbome. or the * William Johnston was a fjrm*r nvi lent of Wat^rtiwn, wbere, aboot 1815- 10, lie ki-pt a st/rrp, ao'i bin wife ha>l a railliriTy shop in cmn'^iiuo. Th« fuN towioe a[i'M>lutc is t^M. illa*tratiT« uf the &jnra:;f of tb'' man. On on^orcamon a l«o<) '.f Itvliitn^ ha-l ff»cuni»M near hit pl^ce, an«CMme intoxicated, and re«rled al -ng th-* *tn?'--t». branliit'iin? a l- •erved him fur a few momenta, wh«n be ^oddealy, aud without the appcaraoce of f«ar, approached the ludi^n, stmck him a heavy blow id the face, tbn;w him down, and wuold iukxt- givrn him a severe chaatisf-ment, had uot the savagv bej^ed for mercy, Jobiutoa t^x»k bis knif"?, threw it away, and allowed bim to go, which be speedily did, completely cured of his braggailocio. ofieereoinnianding at Kingston, ioTiiing bii eo-operation in a search among the Thousand fslan Is for the person* who had plondered and burned the ' Heel;' and about a week afterward)* a joint effort was mtule to arrest the partiei. After a search of several days their retreat was discovered; but in their attempt to take the outlaws, all but two escaped. The gang consisted of but eight men at that time^ of whom Johnston was one. They were well suppli<-d with arms and ammunition, and haon ap- peared, these vessels contain&l munitions of war, and the great nam- bcrs of men, who, with the passengers on board the steamer, were mostly destined for a descent upon Prescott. "It is not within our limits to detail the et'ents that en«ned, and the melancholy issue of the memorable battle at Windmill Point, f which revolutionized public opinion on the subject, by revealing the consequences to which these measures were tending. It als*^; had a salutary influence upon the public mind, by disclosing the cowardice and treachery of those who bad been foremost in promoting the ex- pedition, but who shrunk from the test of leaden bullets, and fled, leaving the unfortunate victims of their duplicity, the majority of whom were youth under age, to atone with their blood, or with long, bitter years of exile, for their indiscretion. J "Bill JohnsV^n was captored November 17, and conveye*! to Ao- bum, where he escaped. He was afterwards recaptured by William Vaaghao (about seven miles north of New London, and ten from Rome), by whom be was delivered to the United States marshal, and lodged in jail at Albany. He escaped from thence, and waa for some time obliged to avoid the pursuit of civil officers. After tranquillity had been restored he returned to qoiet life, at the village of Clayton, and by the present administration^ has been appointed keeper of Rock Island Light, that shines on the spot where the ' Peel* wa« burned. " The patriot prisoners, under the command of Von BebooUx, a Polish exile, who bad seen much military service in his native conn- try, were conveyed to Fort Henry, at Kingst'in, and tried by a court- martial, that begun \te session Nov. 26, A^Z^. The rule adopted by this conrt was to execute all of the officers that were known to be such, try and sentence the rest, reprieve the minors, and l>anish the remainder to the penal colony of Van Diemen's Land. It is probable that they were induced to relax somewhat from the rigor with which they began, from the feeling which the issue of the expedition had occasioned in the States, and the disposition that was everywhere evinced to discountenance further aggression. In Jefferson County meetiogf were held at Cape Vioeeot, Deeeabcr 18, at Saeket'a Har- t Thi« expedition is fully describni in our History of St. Lawrenre Onoty. X I>nring the mor\tb of Svpt«ml«er, ltCte,a stranger, callios binaelf Col. Scott, and churning to l^ea relative of G«d. Winfi'-ld .*^At, cane Vt Watertown and f 'med a clmm Cjr instruction in militar? discipline, inrlodtng fi»-td evol'itM^iM, the tuiag*^ cf the camp, and "word ex»rrci»e. Stany yonng m^n improT-d th« opportantty for l<4nning soro*-thing of a *cii^nc* of which ther* wa« th*-!! good prcwjien of ne«l. The ostennble porp>4e of Uiia system of iraioiog was to pre- pare a oorp4 far HBcient aid to the govemneat in eaae of emergeacy, which th'-o aeem*^ imminent. Tbe Cavoritc drill-ground was in tbe broken and rocky field on the aortb side of the river, oppu«ite tbe cascade and briDcing were givtm in a public ball in the village. gl(«4d-n3J. 556 HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. bor on tbo 21st, at Dcpauville and Ellis village on the 27th^ and at La Fargevillc on the 31 st, at which contributiuns were ninde for supplving the wants of the prisoners, conciliatory speeches were delivered, and resolutions passed, and published in the papers, dis- couraging flny fnrtlier agitation of a question that threatened to em- broil the two nations in a war, and make their territory the theatre of a sanguinary struggle. Several gentlemen from abroad were es- pecially active in quieting this excitement, of whom Judge Gridley and Joshua A. Spencer, of Utiea. were prominent. The grand jury, nt the December term of the county court, as a body, published a short manifesto, deprecating the coutinuancc of the secret associa- tions, and a meeting was held at the court-house, in pursuance of a notice from the bench, on the evening of December IS, to promote the peace and harmony of the frontier. " Of this meeting the Hon. Calvin MeKnight, first judge, was chosen president; Daniel Wardwell, Kli Farwell, Thomas Loomis, Abner linker, Jr., and 0. V. Brainard, vice-presidents; Dr. Reuben Ooodale and Joseph Mullin, Esq., secretaries. Col. C. Baker, late sheriff, and E. G. Merrick, Esq., related their recent visit to Kingston to learn the condition of the prisoners. They had found the authorities dis- posed to give these unfortunate men all advantages, consistent, and the citizens of Canada generally active and determined in their pur- pose of resisting any attempt at revolution. They had employed se- cret messengers to visit the .Slates, gain access to the huntt r/otftfrtt, and keep them informed of every movement on foot, with the preparations uiaile, and persons engaged in these measures. The meeting was ad- dressed by J. A. Spencer, Esq., of Utiea, Judge Gridley, lion. Samuel Beardsley, Attorney-General R. Hulbert, T. C. Chittenden, E. Camp, AVilliam Smith, and Daniel WardwfU, who urged the importance of sustaining our laws and adojiting immediate hut pacilic measures for preserving tranquillity, arresting further agitation, and mitigating the fate of the prisoners in Kingston. At an adjourned meeting, held next day, the following resolutions were passed, which are believed to embody the sentiment of the majority of our citizens : "* Jieaoivetty That we regard the preservation of peace with Great Britain as all-important to the best interests of the American and British nations; hut that we have no reason to expect its long contin- uance unless our citizens refrain from hostile invasions of, or inter- meddling with, its territories. "' /itsolrctl. That we feel a deep-seated desire to maintain and pre- serve the greatest freedom of intercourse and the most friendly rela- tions with our neighbors of Canada; and that the best evidence we can give of our sincerity will be to do unto them as they do unto us, — leave them to enjoy the government of their choice. '• ' Hegiitved, That the inhabitants of our frontier are h»udly called upon by every consiileration of justice and sound poliey U* exert themselves to the utmost of their power to prevent all hostile inva- sion into the neighboring Canadian provinces by bands of armed men from our borilers, and that we pledge ourselves to our govern- ment and to each other faithfully and fearlessly to discharge this sacred and too long neglected duly. '* ' lirHnltf't/, that any inovt-mcnts injurious to Canada are open, fla- grant violations alike of international law, of the enactments of the Congress of the United States and of the Canadian Provincial Par- liament, and that our ministerial otlicers, civil magistrates, and judi- cial tribunals should be vigilant and prompt to arrest and ready to condemn any and every violation ul our laws. •■ • /ienutrciff That there is too much reai^ou to believe that many of our citizens have formeil themselves into secret lodges or societies, under the sanction of extra judicial oaths, for the purpose of promo- ting the organization and armament of bands of men to invatle the Cauadas, and that we earnestly call upon these misguided citizens everywhere anJ at v»nce to disband. "* lictnhrii, That we regard the late attack on Prescott as eharac- tcrized alike by rashness, weakness, and folly ; and that while we pointedly condemn and rebuke those engaged in it, we feel called upon to express our solemn conviction that most if not all of them were inllueneed by misrepresentation anors, but under th"' expectation and belief that instead of fighting with, they would be hailed hy them as the champions of liberty, and received with open arms and heartfelt greetings. • •• • lirHo/rti/, That we, in common with all our countrymen, feel a deep connniseration U*r our misguided citizens captured near Pres- coti, and now in confinement at Fort Henry, in Canada, and that while we acknowledge the right of the provincial authorities to con- demn acL'ordiiig to the laws of their country, in the exercise of this authority wc \u*\tv to see justice IcmpcrtMi wilh mercy, and expect to witness magnanimous treatment towards these unfortunate men, wor- thy of a brave and generous people.' " Delegations wore sent from various places to Kingston to obtain some mitigation of the fate of the prisoners, among which were the Hon. .lohn Fine and C. G. Myers, of Ogdcnsburgh, the persons above- named from this county, and numerous relatives of the patriot onp- tives, who were treated with civility, and shown all the indulgence that under the circumstances could be extended. Von Schoultz, Daniel George, Dorephus Abbey. Duncan Anderson, Christopher Buckley, Sylvester A. Lawton, Joel Peeler, Russell Phelps, Sylvanus Sweet, and Martin Woodruff were hung; eighteen were released, fifty-eight pardoned, sixty transported, three were acquitted, four turned Queen's evidence, and of ten we have been unable to ascertain the fate. " The court-martial adjourned from Jan. 4 till Feb. 2G. A mass- meeting, consisting of from two thousand to three thousand persons, assembled in front of the court-house, Feb. 23, under the impression that more executions were about to take place at Kingston, and reso- lutions less conciliatory than those of the former meeting were passed. '* On the Sth of .■\pril, 1839, the British steamer 'Commodore Bar- rie,* under the orders of Col. A. McDonnell, sheriff of Midl.and Dis- trict, Upper Canada, arrived at Sacket's Harbor, with 22 prisoners, pardoned by the lieutenant-governor. The magistrates of the village were sent for, and the colonel informed them what h.id been done for the prisoners, and earnestly hoped that it would have a happy effect in allaying the existing excitement. This was met by an answer ex- pressing, in warm terms, their sense of gratitude for this exercise of clemency, and the thanks of our citizens to their government. The pariloned prisoners, before separating for their homes, drew up and signed a paper expressing their obligation to the Canadian govern- ment for the clemency shown, and urging pacilic measures in future. On the 27th of April, 37 more prisoners arrived at Sacktt's HarV>or. *'0n the 6th of June, 1840, an infamous attempt was made at Oswego to burn the British steamer * Great Britain," by conveying on board a trunk, charged with explosive and combustible materials. The explosion took place, doing considerable injury, but the flames were soon arrested. Lett and Defoe, two Canadian refugees, wero arrested, charged with this outrage, and a confession was obtained, in which the design of burning the vessel was avowed, with the hope of renewing irritation between the two governments. The trunks contained copal, turpentine, nitre, and powder, packed in cotton, to which a fuse was attached. " With this closed the active me.isurcs of disturbance on our border, but the irritation was slow to subside, and restless spirits were found who labored to excite a broil between the two nations, but without success. For one or two years a steamer was kept in commission on the lake, and troops were stationed at Madison barracks still later. That some were honest and believed themselves patriotic in this afiair may be admitted, while it cannot be denied that the majority thirsted for power, wealth, or plunder, according as they were actuated by ambition or avarice. ''Among the humbugs connected with this speculation was the plan of a hniik, the ostensible object of which was, first, to ' aid the cause of liberty,' by loans to the President of the Convention, for the pat- riotic service, after which loans were to be made to individuals, for private business. The capital was at first only S7.otHt,tHKl. in shares of $.J0 each, but it was designed to be extended, so as ' to allow every individual on the continent to hold one share.' The whole wealth, revenue, and resources of the patriot dominions (that they had, or that they may hereafter have dominion over) were pledged for the faithful repayment of the sum subscribed, with interest. Subscrip- tions were taken of sixpence a week, or half a dollar every two months. **The vignettes of the bills were to be heads of the late martyrs to the cause of liberty in Canada ; the head of Matthews on the left end of the bill, the head of Lount in the centre, with the words in a semi- circle over it. The Municreit ; Dt-nth or VicUtrtf ; and on the mar- gins of the bills the words LihcrO/, Eqnnlit^y Fvatrtnity. Tho name of the bank was to be the liipubliran Iluuk of (^attndu. " We have no statistics of tho dividends of this institution, but have been assured that there wero such, — tho capital being divided among a /vw. "On the 5th of Sept., 1841, the prevalence of the secret clubs called forth a proclamation from President Tyler for their suppression. '* NKILS SZOLTERTKI VOS SCHOI'I.TZ. *• The melancholy fate of Von Schoultz excited the commiseration of an extended circle; and his conduct from the time of his cajituro till the moment of his exit was such as to heighten our esteem for his character. He plead guilty of the charges alleged against him. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 557 nnd made no cflort to screen himself from the consequences into which betrayed confidence had led him. An exile from unhappy Poland, u descendant from an ancient and noble family, and a witness of the oppression and tyranny of Russian despotism towards his na- tive country, he was too easily led into a sympathy for the alleged sufferings of Canada, and. from his experience in military affairs, was intrusted with the expedition which came to a disastrous issue near Prescott. He had landed in Xew York in 18.16, and after visit- ing numerous places without a settled pur])osc, chance led him to the village of Salina, where he became engaged in some chemical re- searches. ** During the short period that intervened between his sentence and his execution, ho employed himself in writing A vindicatiun of his character, which closes with the following Innguiige : " ' Misrepresentation and deception led me to embrace a cauj^c which I then believed just and righteous, but }ioip find them the mere insti- gation of cowardly and designing demagogues. I could have been influeneenly love, still rests upon my heart, and in this dark ami solemn hour she seems to smile on mo as she was wont in ha])pier days. I pray that it may bo buried with mo !' " lie was 31 years of age. His father held a major's commission at the battle of Warsaw, and he had himself risen to the same rank." WAR OF THE REBELLION, ISGl-Go. Scarcely had the echoes of the guns fired at Fort Sumter, in April, 1861, died away, when over the Northland rolled a wave of intense excitement, and men at once spr.ing to arms in defense of their com- mon country. Jefferson County, the scone of important events in the War of 1SI2-15 with England, was quickly stirred to her centre by the sound of strife, and once more her sons buckled on their warlike accoutrements, and began moving toward the "front." Her record throughout the struggle was covered with glory. From the first annual report of the Bureau of Military Statistics for the Stiitc of New York, issued in IS64, the following items have been gathered for Jefferson County : Total number of troops furnished for the first thirty-eight regiments (five towns reporting), 130; number furnished bet^veen that time nnd the President's call for 600,000 men. l.'iO : number furnished under the call for GOO.OOO, .371; total, 646. From the beginning of the war until the close of 1S6I the county had paid, according to the re- port of the Bureau for 1S6J, bounties to the amouut of $;J3;i,475.16. The entire number of troops furnished by Jefferson County during the war numbers nearly or quite five thousand, as will he seen by reference to the accompanying roster, copied from the muster-in rolls of the regiments, as published from the office of the adjutant-general. It is probable that names which should appear in this list are not found, owing to the imperfect facilities for securing them, but it has been (lur aim to furnish as complete a list as possible. Owing to eir- cumstances over which we could have no control, the descriptiyc-roU is unavoidably omitted, including the list of casualties. TWKNTy-FOUKTH INFASTRV. Company K of this regiment was organized at Ellisburg, Jefferson County, by Amlrew J. Barney, who became its captain. The regi- ment was organized and numbered by the State Military Board, May 16, I86I, and on the 2d day of July it was mustered into the service of the United States, leaving Elmira the same day, fully armed and equipjied, and proceeding, riti Harrisburg and Baltinmre. to Washing- ton, where it arrived on the 3d of July, and camped on Meridian Hill till July 21. at which date it received long Enfield rifled mus- kets in exchange for the ))ercussion muskets with which it had left New York State. During the winter of 1801-02 the regiment was en- camjied on Upton's Hill. After being brigaded differently several times it was, in March. IS62, assigned to the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Corps, and in September, 18(J2, the brigade was known as tho " Iron Brigade," commanded by (jjen. Hatch and Col. Sullivan. Col. Phelps, of the 22d Regiment, took command of the brigade Sept. 14, and continued in that positiim until its dis^oIution by reason ut' the expiration of the terms of service of the 22d, 24th, and :iUth regiments. After various minor engagements a sharp skirmish was had in May, 1S62, called tho battle of Falmouth. Aug. 10 they left Fal- mouth for Cedar Mountain (sometimes called Slaughter Mountain), where they stayed four days under artillery fire, the regiment losing one man killed in Company D. On the 28th of Aug. they were under fire at Grovcton, but were not engaged. On the 30th they were sharply engaged at Bull Run for about an hour and twenty minutes, losing several men. Between four and five o'clock of Sunday even- ing, Sept. 14, 1802, they went into the fight at South Mimntain, Md., to which point they had been moved via W.ashingtun, Rockville, New Market, and Frederick City. After several times changing position and being constantly skirmishing, they forded Antietam creek on tho morning of the 10th and moved to the right, abreast of the celebrated corn-field. On the morning of tho 17th they became hotly engaged, and lost several men, among them Capt. J. D. O'Brien, of Company A, and Ensign John S. McNair. The regiment next jiarticipated in Gen. Burnsido's unfortunate Fredericksburg battle, Dec. 13, 1862. In the battle of Chaneellorsville they were also engaged, and about the middle of May, sueeceding that engagement, were ordered home, and mustered out at Oswego at the expiration of ihoir term of service, — two years. TrilRTV-FIFTH INFANTRY. This organization, known as tho ".leffcrson County Regiment." was organized at Elmira, June 3, 1861. The following companies were raised in Jefferson County : Compauy A — recruited at Watcrtown; Capt. Stc]ihen L. Potter; accepted May 9 ; mustered into the service of the United States, at Elmira, July 9, 1861. Vvmpany C — Theresa ; Capt. George W. Flower ; accepted, May 15 ; mustered in at Elmira, July 9. Company E — Watertown ; Capt. John Lacy ; recruiting commenced April 15, and ended Juno 11 j accepted May 9; mustered in at Elmira, July 10. Compnuif G — Adams: Capt. Sidney J. Mendal ; accepted May 7 ; mustered in at Elmira, .Inly 10. Company I — Redwood; Capt. Edgar B, Spalsbury ; accepted May 20; mustered in at Elmira, July 9. Company A' — Brownville; Capt. Newton B. Lord; accepted May 9; mustered in at Elmira, July 10. At a meeting of the State Military Board, held M;iy 24, it was, on motion of Lieut. -Gov. Campbell, — ReHtttredy That the companies commanded by the following named captains, viz. : Capts. Lacy. Lonl, Potter, Mendell, Angle, Flower, Spalsbury, Todd, Nutting (Co. D), and Ehvell, be organized into a regiment, to be numbered No. 35, anil an election fur field officers ordered to be held therein." June 11 the election of William C. Brown, as colonel; Stephen L. Potter, as Ucutcnant-colunel ; and Newton B. Lord, as major, was 558 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. con6rnied, and on the 10th of July the field and staff were mustered into the service of the United States for the term of two j-ears from June 11, 1S6I. Flags were presented to companies as follows: Co. A, by citizcus of Warertown ; Co. E, ditto; Co. K, by citizens of Brownville; and Co. C, by citizens «f Theresa. The first regimental flag was obtained by subscription among the officers. Subsequently the regiment was presented, by Hon. A. W. Cbirk, with colors. July 11, 1861, the Soth left Elmira for the seat of war, arriving at Washington on the 13th, and encamping on Meridian hill. It was finally brigaded with the 21st. 2;id, and SOth (20th militia) N. Y. Volunteers, the brigade being known as the First Brigade, First Di- vision, First Army Corps. The regiment was commanded from June ."i until Aug. 2, 1S61, by Col. William C. Brown ; from August, 1801, to Feb. 10, 186.3, by Col. Newton B. Lord; and from Feb. 10 to June 6, 1863, by Col. John G. Todd. Soon after the arrival of the regiment in Virginia it furnished de- tails to work under Lieut. -Col. Alexander, U. S. Engineers, in form- ing abrtttis. Col. Alexander placed the work in charge of Col. Lord, and the regiment felled timber from the forests surrounding the camp, and formed abaltis several miles in length and four hundred feet in width. After this it worked on the lunette forts near the Arlington House, and built one seven-gun lunette furt. The forts upon which the regiment performed most of its labors were afterwards named Forts Tillingha?t and Craig. For five and a half months after this the regiment was kept on picket duty, losing iu the entire time but one man wounded and none killed. It captured two lieutenants and twenty-three men, and killed three men. In Jan., 18(32, the muskets supplied the regiment by the State were exchanged for Austrian rifles, calibre .'>4. From March until August the 3oth participated in a scries of weary marches and occasional skirmishes, and became greatly depleted by disease. At Rappahan- nock Station, Aug. 30, it was a support for Battery L, of the 1st N. Y. Artillery, which was sharply engaged. At the battle of Warrenton Springs it was exposed to a fire of artillery and sharpshooters. At Gainesville but two companies were engaged, and they as skirmishers, and after the battle was placed on picket duty, losing five men cap- tured by the enemy the next morning. At the memorable second Bull Run fight, August 29, 1S62, the 36th lost nine men killed and thirteen wounded. It was also fired into through mistake by the 23d, with a loss of five killed and eight wounded. On the second day the 36th lay behind a stone wall, near the turnpike, where it lost 72 men in killeii and wounded, although it clid not fire a gun during the day, the position being upon the ground in front of the artillery. When the retreat commenced it was withdrawn and reached Centreville about seven in the evening. During the battle of Chantilly it lay in the rifle pits on the right of tho turnpike, and was not under fire. After this battle it marched via Fairfax to Falls Church, arriving on the 3d of September, and camping near its camp of the i)revious win- ter. On its arrival at Falls Church it had for music two drums and one bugle, the regimental band of 24 pieces having been discharged, and the drum-corps having lost its drums while attending the wounded at Bull Run. It was also without knapsacks, coats, or blankets, these having been left at Centreville and destroyed on the retreat. At the battle of South Mountain, Sept. 14, the regiment was de- ployed as skirmishers, one company being left at the foot of the hill with the colors, while three moved on the left and six on the right of the turnpike, under strong support. The three companies on the left lost, during the day, 19 men in killed and wounded. After tho enemy was driven from the hill the regiment was relieved, and reached its colors at the foot about 3 a.m. of the loth. On the 15th the regi- ment passed through Turner's Gap, and on the morning of the 16th reached the bank of tho Antietam, where it was exposed for an hour to artillery fire, and lost three or four in wounded. During the fore- noon it changed position, and in the evening, while moving across an open field, to take up its position in a belt of woods, received a fire from a battery of the enemy, losing three men killed and five wounded. On the 17th it was marehcd. with the 1st Brigade, to the right, across tho turnpike and into tho woods in the rear of Dunker's church, where it remained about one hour. It was then formed par- allel to tho turnpike, in the rear of a cliff, for the purpose of attacking the flank of a line of the enemy, which had advanced again::*t the 2tl and 3d Brigades. Here it lay down bidiind the fence and diteli of the turnpike, and opened fire on the enemy's line, which had been reformed ani reinforced, and kept it up until the line gave way. after which it moved forward its left wing and captured the battle- flag of the 7th Alabama. Just at this time the enemy formed a line on the right and rear, and opened a galling fire, forcing our line to fall back to the clifl". where it returned fire. Ammunition was soon exhausted, and the 3oth an4l 23d were marched by the left flank to- wards the rear of the army. On reaching the hill where the batteries were posted, the two regiments were halted and faced abuut in the edge of the woods, to give General French an opportunity to form his division. The fire from tho enemy became intensely severe, and French's division was again thrown into confusion. The two regiments then moved back for cartridges, and on being supplied were placed in support of two batteries, where they remained until the morning of the 18lh. In this action the 35th lost thirty-two killed and forty-three wounded. On the 19th the regiment went into camp a mile and a half from Sharpsburg, near the bend in the Potomac, where it remained a month, during which time it suffered much for want of clothing and shoes, and from disease occasioned by its occupation of a battle- ground and the vicinity of the mounds of the dead. Half its ofliccrs and men were unfit for duty. At the battle of Fredericksburg, Dec. 12 and 13, the regiment lost heavily, being exposed for six hours on the 13th to a tire from the enemy's artillery without an opportunity to refaliate. Not a shot was fired by it until subsequent to this on the 13th and during the 14th, when it was placed on picket, losing, on the niglit of the 15th, six men prisoners. The duty of the 35lh after this was cimipara- lively light. The total number of men on the rolls of the regiment was 1250, of which number 593 were mustered out on the 5th of June, 1863, at Elmira, N. Y. For the first time in four months the regi- ment assembled on dress parade on the 19th of May previous, and (iCD. Patrick shook hands with each man as an earnest of the feeling with which he bade them good-by. Tho next day they took the ears for Atjuia Creek, proceeded thence by transport to Washington, where they were received by Capt. Camp, of Co. K {then on detached duty as aide-de-camp to Gou. Martindale), with a full band. The regiment reached Elmira May 22, and, as mentioned, was mustered out June 5. It had lust 130 men killed in battle, 70 by deaths from disease, 90 discharged for wounds, and 140 for disability. Truly was its record glorious ! NINETY-FOURTH IKFANTRY. This regiment was organized at SackeL's Harbor to serve three years. The companies composing it were raised in the county of Jeflferson. It was mustered into the United States service on the 10th of March, 1862, and in March, 1863, was consolidated wirh the lOoth Infantry. On the expiration of its term of service the original members (except veterans) wore mustered out, and the regiment, composed of veterans and recruits, retained in service until July 18, 1SG5, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department. The 94th was actively engaged while in the service, and but little time elapsed between the date of its organization and its first engagement. The regiment participated in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Kun, Chantilly, Chancellorsville, South Mountain, Antietam, Gainesville, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Mine Run, Tolupotoniy, Bcthesila Church, Petersburg, and Weldon Rail- road, beside many skirmishes of more or less importance, and sufl*ered to a considerable extent. No detailed history has been prepared of the regiment, but its record is one of valiant deeds, and its scarred battle-flags and maimed and dead soldiers are covered with the praises awarded by a gratci^il peojilc to those who have made themselves famous. ONE HUNOUKD AND EIGHTY-SIXTH INFANTKV. The 186th Regiment was recruited principally in Jefferson and Lewis counties, and was mustered into service September 8, 1861 . It went out 9S0 strong, lost 130 in killed and wounded, 120 by dis- ease and discharge, and returned with 730. It was in the battle of Soulhside Railroad, October 27, 1864; formed part of M'arrcn's command in his raid to Nottoway. December 10; was in the charge on Fort Mahone, in front of Petersburg, April 2, I860; and finally joined in the pursuit and capture of General Leo. It was among the first to enter the rebel fortifications at Petersburg, and was highly complimenteJ by its brigade and division commanders for the gal- lantry shown in its charge on Fort Mahone. It was organized at Sacket's Harbor for the peiiod of one year, and was mustered out, in accordance with orders fr<)m the War Departmint, June 2, 1806. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 559 ONE niNPREn AND NlNETV-TIIinD INFANTKY. This regiment was raised at Auburn, N. Y., to serve for one, two, ami throe years. Jefferson County furnished a considerahlo number of men for it, although it was filled up with lue-n from the counties of Cayuga, Oswego, On<»ndaga, Oneida, St. Lawrence, and Friinklin besides. It was mustered into the service of the Uniteil States in the spring of 18fi5, and mustered out of scrviee January 18, 1SG6, in accordance with orders from the War Department. SIXTH CAVAI.ItY — "sECONh lit A HAUIilS Gt'ARn.'* Jefferson County furnished a number of men for this regiment, which was mustered into the service of the I'nited States fr(mi Sep- tember 12 to December 19, 1861. The original members were mus- tered out on the expiration of their term of service, and the organiza- tion, composed of veterans and recruits, retained in service, and on the 17th of June, IStJj, cousolidated with the loth N. Y. Vol. Cavalry, the consolidated force being known as the Second New York Pro- visional Cavalry. Its list of engagements embraces the following : South Mountain, Antietnni, Fredericksburg. Spdttsylvania, Chancel- loi'sville, Ueverty Ford, iMiddleburg, I'pperville. (iettysburg. Brandy Station, Uappahaiinock Station, Mine Kun, Mechauicsville, Wilder- ness, Todd's Tavern, Ilawc's Shop, Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, Opequan, Fisher's liill, Cedar Creek, Appomattox Station, Siege of Kiclimond. TIIinTKENTII CAVAl.nV. This regiment was organized at New York City to pcrve three years, and a detachment of men from Jefferson County joined it. It was mustered into the IJ. S. service from February, ISfi.'i, to March, 1864. On the 23d of June, 1865, the regiment was consolidated with the 16th N. Y. Cavalry, and the consolidated force known as the 3d New York Provisional Ca\alry, Its ])rineipal engagements were at Aldie, Fair- fax Station, Centrcville, Culpepper, and Piedmont, and its loss was comparatively slight. The men from Jefferson County belonged in four citmpanies of the regiment. KIOHTKENTH CAVALRY. This regiment was organized at New York city, to serve three years. The companies of which it was composed were raised in the counties of New York, Albany, Jefferson, Lewis, Franklin, Herkimer, and Erie. It was mustered into the service of the United States from July 18, ISO^i, to February .% 1864. On the I2th of June, 1865, it was consolidated with the I4th N. Y. Cavalry, the consolidated force retaining the name, — 18th N. Y. Cavalry. This force remained in service until May 31, 1866, when it was mustered out in accord- ance with orders from the War Department. TWENTIRTH CAVALRY. The 20th Cavalry was organized at Sacket*s Harbor, N. Y., to serve three years. Its men were principally from Jefferson County, although the counties of Lewis, St. Lawrence, Os^vego, Onondaga, and Albany were also represented. The regiment was mustered into the Tnitecl States service from September 3 to September 30, 1863, and afier a varied experience was mustered out July 31, 1865, in ac- cordance with orders from the War Department. It was known as the " McCIellan Cavalry j" went out with twelve companies, and was a fine body of men. T W E N T Y - Fo t' » T H ( ' A V A L H Y. This regiment wasorgani/.ed at Auburn, N. Y., to serve three years, and contained a number of men from Jefferson County. It was mus- tered into the service in Jan., 1864 : and, on the 17th of June, 1865, was consolidated with the 10th N. Y. Cavalry, the united force being called the First New York Provisional Cavalry. Its principal en- gagements were the battles in the Wilderiicss, Spotlsylvania, liuinea Statii>n, North Anna, Tolopotomy, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor, Petersburg. Cemetery Hill, Weldon Railroad, Reams' Station, Peeble's Farm, Vaughan Road, and Bellefield; and in these the regiment lost to a considerable extent. A number of its officers were killed in action and others died of wounds, while the loss among the men was proportionate. TWENTV-SIXTH ('* FRONTIEIt") CAVALRY. Tliis regiment was organized in the Slate? of New York. Massachu- setts, and Vermont, under special authority from the Secretary of War, to serve on the frontier for one year. It was jirineipally engaged in protecting the northern frontier, and looking after suspicious charac- ters, " bounty -jumpers," rebel sympathi7.ers, etc., — one detachment being stationed at Sacket's Harbor. Five companies were organized in this State, composed of men from the counties of St. T>awrence, Jefferson, Lewis, Franklin, Clinton. Essex, and Krie. The regiment was mustered in from Dec. 29, 1864, to Feb. 22, IS65. and was mus- tered out by companies from June 20, 1865, to July 7, 1SG5, in accord- ance with orders from the War Department. FIRST REGIMENT " VETERAN" CAVALRY. This was organized at Geneva, N. Y., to serve three years, and mustered into the V. S. service from July 25 to Nov. 19, 1863. The 17th N. Y. Cavalry was consolidated with it Sept. 17, 1863, and the new organization contained a considerable number of men from Jef- ferson County. The regiment was mustered out July 20, 1865, in accordance with orders from the War Department. FIRST .NEW YORK LltJIlT ARTILLERY. Compantf Cf Cnpt. John ]\'. Tanihlin, was organized in Jefferson County, and mustered in from Sept. 6 tunty was also represented in other regiments, of which we lind no acc.unt. Numerous individuals enlisted and were mustered into the service from other Stales. The foll.iwing list shows, from the " Index of Awards," published from the office of the Adjutaut-tJcncral of the State of New Yorli, the names of the soldiers of the WAR OF 1812-15 who were living in Jefferson County as late as 1839-60. These do not include all who served, nor is it possible to secure a complete list, as manv participated less than si.xty days in the second struggle with England, and were not entitled to peu^ions : eonseciuently their names do °not appear. The post-office addresses at the limes the awards were made are given in the volume, and as many have removed from the county, this is another reason why the list cannot be made com- plete. K.VMK OF Ai'l'I.U'ANT .\N1) UKSIUENCE. HiiIlIo'IIii, Sewell, Ellisburg. ISiiIi'S, Wibiiiiii 8., ItullunU. lliixler, Ki>»»ill, liruwnville. lieariUli'V, fliauiicey. Hiill4., I'l'-tiT 1'., Cl.ijlon. llvelie, K. (I'y iitlniinis'trix), Ellisburg. lUlicbby, fhnstoplior B., Autwerp. Kt'titU*)',* Jiinies, b»' ItJiy. lll.ulgil, I.yiiiiiii, Le ll".v. IlluM.lKct.'tniiuun, l.ynie. Bo»nliiian, Kbii/.ir, I.e Kay. Ilodn'uii, Anthiiny, Uiill"ud. llojt.i:. (by lllbllih:sl|■•|^ix),Elli^burg. Itt>y>li'li, Snoiuet, Siu-kct's Huibor. llni/.fc, Jiic.ili, Urownville. Bri'wst.r, Elihmini, Klliaburg. BinnliMill, .M. (I>y aiiniin'Ur), l^layton. Briiwii, Aiir.iu, llniwuvilli!. BruiMi, gimrtus, Antwerp. Blown, 'I'hoiims, raiiiflia. Brown. WlUiion. Bulln.-k, J.M.pli, Ellisburg. Buriliik, IVriy, AU.iins. Burg", Mo«e», .)r., Aulwerp. Builiiignini', Iriel, Brownvilb'. Al.ell, .bibn, Oileiiiis. Ackirnuin. Ani I'., lirownvillo. AckiTuniii, l.ynmn, Brownville. Acliinis, ll.-nry, llr..wnville. Acluci..-i,J.ll'y i'doiini»'trix;, Ellisburg. Ailion-, .M.irk. Alb-li, J.'«f|>li, Elli«lmrg. Allison, ElKOieier, lirownvillo. Angt-1, .liilni'S, Cliiylon. AUBliii, .liicoli, ALilwr (hy widow;, Lu Ray. I'orlor, Ki;ini;is, Lo itav. P.-rtbr, JuhI, l>)iil;>il<>I|>'tiiii. Poitfi, ^;llwur^l. Ktliptbnrg. Port'-r, Jaiiu's, Klli-lmrg. Piiiti, Ltirt-ii/.o, Klli^liiii'g. Pri'sliir, Kiios, KlIisl'iirR. Piirdy, Il;irr.ri<>ii iby iMlmiirri, Atlams. Piitiiiini, I'liilij), Lymo. K:il)ili, Natliiitiiel, lludman. Kiw^i'ti, Asfi, Kurl itHl. Kwi ', Asalit'l, \urtli Adiiins. Rc'iil, Ihtiiiot, Siicket's Ilttrbur. Kfiiil, DytT, ll<»iti»fii-lfl. RetuI, Liitlii-r, Itruwnville. U'-ait, Simon, Iliiiiiiatii-ld. K-L'il, John, Lynit^ Uhinfs, Jutiri, Drloiri^t. Kirh irilson, Krecmiin, Kllishin-p. Jlichiirh(>n. lIunii»f1eM. Riiler, .loscph, 1-ynifi. Kn:i;s, SoKuiiiin. \Viir8aw(?) Ripli-y, A. F., Piun<-liJi. K<>bliii)8, Oliver, Iluunsficld. R^.g.-i-s, Diinifl. RoK^'rs. JunK'"<, Lf Ray. Rugcfff, Ji»h[i, Aiitwi-rit. Roof, (Jonntd, Puni'-Iia. R "SI*, Joshnii (by mlniinV), Klliabnrg. RoH(?, Zorn (by nilniiiiisinilur;. RiiS'L-ll, .lolin, Chinipioit. RniiMi-ll, Jo->-|.h, KiithiiKl. IJu(.-k<-U, Will.xiii, Alcxtiirlria. S^irnlcin, J<>»f)>)i (bv t'x'm, Clmnipi-m. Sartwi-II, I>uMi.-l (by wiih.w), P;tfiu*Ii.i. Sauiidur!}, K^wcII, Adams CVntru. Sawyer Jaa. (by widow), Watertown. S«wyi>r, Nicholus, Bictwnville. Sn.Ib'bi. Alviib, Lc Kay. Scovilb', Smith, Piinieli-i. Scovilb', 8ti-ptifii, Orb'tris. Si-ymoiiri-, Kslier, Anrw»rp. Miai'p, BfiiJHniin, Antwerp. Shavwr, Ili'iiry (by widow;, Uc-IIcville. iShvd, Simon, Orli-antn. Slicpiird, Amos, Lynio. Shfpurdsori, l);irins, Ktlisbnrg. ShiTiiiari, Abel, ICnrlaiid. Sttf'i'inari, .lob, Klb^burg. Shipper, Jlcircy, Alexandria. Shiirk. Oliver, Lu lUy. SniiTh, Iianiel, Le Ray. Smith, Oliver, Kllinlmrg. Sniiih, Thiiddiiis, Lymo. Snell, (i.'orge I* , ,lr", Theresa. Snow, Jonu", Wilna. Snyder, R chard, KlliHbiirg. Sopef, Lawreit, 'riit-reaa. Spalding. Kvander. SpaUbuiy. .lolm, Alexandria. Sp -neer, John, Atlams t'entre. Spencer, Steph. (by admVj, Kllisbnr;;. Spieer, l)aniel. Spragne, David. Sipi res, Kle/.iii-, Pamelia. Stanley, Daniel, Sni thvillo. Stednian, Lntlier, Cape Vincent. Steele, (;«■<. rge B., Clayton. Sicniplar, Henry, Claytun. Sterling, D. F. Stelson, Nathan, Clayton. Stevens, Kbenezer, Claytun. Stewart, Walter. Stoiey, Pliny, \Val*TtowM. Storms, William, Ab-xandria. Stninalian, John, Wati-ito« ii. Streeter, Anms, Antwerp. Silts, Adam P., .Alex:«ndria. Tamldin, Abner, Kntbind. Tatman, Calvin, Adani^. Taylor, Cliarb-s J., Pann-lia. Ta'vlui, PhiletnBS.,p:ilisi'nrg. Taylor, Solomon W,, Wilna. Tliayer, B^'iij^unin, Wtlna. lliumas, Shubael, Wilna. Thompson, Arcliihald^ Le Ray. Thi'Nip-un, Lsaac, Aniweiii. Thompson, JanieH, ('Immpion. ThornpHon, Jot^eph, Alexandria. Tliomp.son, William, Wilna. Tifft, Tlieoph. (by wid.l, Maniidvillc. Tinicrm m, Adam, Orleans. Tompkinc, tiilberl, Theresou TniTy, Si.phen. Ilunn^field. Totman, I'alvin, Athinis. T-iwnseni), John, Philndelphio. Trenip'-r, J"hn .M., Lyme. Trevallie, Czar. Trnesdell. Siimn*d, Kllisbnrg. Tncker, .Amariah, Cjipe Vincent. Turner, David, Clayton. Van Alb-n, .\br. (by wiilow), Clayton. Van Brarklin, Nuhu'n^, Alexandria. Van Broeklin, John, TlicreMi. Van WornHT, Abram, Kllisbnrg. Van Wormer, Jacob, ElliHhnrg. Vai'nuni, .\bra)iani, Lyme. Victory, Kdmund, Ph Jadelpliia. Visgar. John (by executory, Orleans. Vroman, Jacob, ICodnian. Waflle, William, Clayton. Waf;ner, Jacob, Alexandria. Wag.iner, Jaciib, Le liny. AValralh, Jacob A., Pamelia. Waliod. Warner, L> me. ^\■ilrd, Kliliu (by executor;, Orleans. Wan-, Knit fhy widi>w;, Le Ray. Waits*, Benjamin, Theresa. Watts. Daniel, Orleans. Walts, J. dm, Orleans. Watts, John J. (by administratrix). Weaver, Jusejdi S., Wilua. WonT^r, George, Philadelphia. W.ldeii, Jacob, Kllsbiirg. Wessel", Luke, Kllisbnrg. West, William, Ailams. Wi-viT, <;e«Mgc, Kllisbnrg. \V heeb-r, Joeihna, Kllisbnrg. Wheeler, Will. am, Le Kay. White. Jariic-a, Mender^ou. Wltiie. Lester, Orleans. While, Oliver, IIenn L.. Iluunsduld. AVinner, 4'lirtfttian, Rutland. Wood, Amos K.. Kllitbiirg. AVood, Jainos, Kllisburg. Wood, Jesse (by admin'x), Kllixbiir^. Wood. John, (!hampion. AVoodwanl. Kbene/.er, Le Kny. AVoodrnfT, K, (by admin'r), Klbsburg. Woodwanl, Rehlad, Antwerp. AVo.dward, Flat, Rntlind. AV.Kidward, Hmry, Rutland. AVotxIwanl, Ezra. AVoodwatd, James (by wid.), Rutland. AVri-ht, Matthew, Adams. AVright, Oliver (by adniiirx), Clayton, AVriiht.Selh, Waterbiwn. AVyle-, Knssell, Lorraine. Young, M.chael, Wilua. WAR WITH MEXICO. Jefferson County sent a number of men to the United States army during the war with Me.vico (ISlfi— IS), but it has been impos.sil>Ie to procure anything definite regarding them. The main body of the army lor that war was made up of volunteers from Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and other western States. 3D REGIMENT. COMPANY It. Taylor, Charles E., Private; enrolled April 20,1801. A'auderwaler, Fnincis K., private ; ear. April 2U, ISlil. 24TH REGIMENT. CAPT. ANDKEW J. BAKNKV'S COMPANY (K). Rarney, .Andrew J., cajitain ; enrolled May 17,1801. Bmkley, John P., lieul. ; enr. May 17, ISlil. Ayres, Jonathan K., ensign ; enr. May 17, IS61. Oilerkirk, Simon V., 1st sergt. ; enr. May 17, ISGI. Ilolley, AVilliani II., sergl.; enr. May 17, lauL Hawley, Charles II., sorgt. ; enr. May 17, 1«01. L-e. Albert R., sergt.: enr. .M ly 17,'lSOI. >'ox,(;eorge W.,corp. ; enr. May 17, 1«01. Gardiner, S. Orson, Corp.: enr. May 17, ISfil. Wodell, Warren W.. Corp.; enr. May 17, isiil. Cook, .Albert R., Corp. ; enr. May 17, l«(jl. AVilson, Reuben, fifer; enr. May 17, 1S«I. Russell, Morris, drummer; enr. May 17, 1801. Ayres, Oliver, Jr., private ; enr. May 17, 1801. Aibru, Walter, private; enr. May 17, 1861. Alver.-on, Willa.d N, private; enr. May 17, 18G1. Rrown, C. Lyman, private; ear. May 17, 1801. JJranigin. J. Jerome, private; enr. May 17, I8C1. Bennett, Harb-y, private; eni-. May 17, ISOI. 0>tter, K. Ja-|ier, pi ivate; enr. May 17, 1801. C^Htk, Cyru?, pr.vate; enr. 5lay 17, l>^01. l>de, Ilezekiah, private; enr. May 17, 1801. Dickinson, E. Ashel. pi ivate; enr. Slay 17, 1801. Decker, K. Benjamin, private; enr. k". Kng.-ne, private; enr. Mnv 17, 1801. Hiwby, Elwird .M , private; enr. May 17, ISOl. Iliiiman, (ieoru'** W., p ivate; enr. May 17, I>i01. Hiiinian. James M , private; enr. May IT, ISOl. Hughs, Daniel D., private; enr. May 17, 1801. Hui^lis, Nelson, private; enr. May 17, 1801. Hunt, llannibHt D., private ; enr. May 17. ISOI. Ihiggins, Andrew, private; enr. May 17, 1801. Haght, Theron W.. private; enr. May 17. 1801. Ilnuhs. Smiuel. p ivate; onr. May 17,1801. Iluncerf ird. Anson H , private; enr. May 17. IfiCl. Jenniiii.'<. Hi am F.. private; enr. May 17, 1801. Liuie, Albert, private; enr. May 17, 1861. WAR OF THE REBELLION, ISfil-Go.® ] Martin, Atanson A., private; enr. May 17, ISOl. Monch, George O., private; enr. May 17, 1801. I Nutting, Eugene, private; enr. May 17, 1801. ( Oderkitk, Seaman, private; enr. May 17, 1801. ' Oderkirk, Is.iac, private; enr. May 17, l«Ol. Pryne, S.dney W., private; enr. JLiy 17, 1801. I Pari'^h, Judsoii E., private ; onr. May 17, 1801. j Phdlipi, Reuben H.. private; enr. May 17, 1801. I Reilway, Hamilton R , private; enr. Slay 1801. ' Re.ifieM, Lf-roy G., private ; enr. May 17, IHII. I R Minds, Newton H.. private ; enr. M'ay 17, 1801. Schniin, James, private ; enr. M ly 17, isGI. Si|nires, Nelson, private; enr. May 17, 1801. ! Stnrdevant, Monroe, private; enr. May 17, 1801. Teear, Frank, private; enr. May. 17, ISOl. I Taylor, Don G., private; enr. May 17, ISOl. I ViiT'C, Montgiinierv, priv.ite; i-nr. Mav 17, ISOl. I Webb. Charles G., private; enr May 17. 1801. Wilson, George, private , enr. May 17. ISOl. W.iit, Lon, pri*'ate; enr. May 17, 18 d. Wiiljams. James J., private ; enr. May 17. 1801. AVilbur, Fobes ('., private; enr. May 17, 1801. I Wiiitney, Knight D., privati- ; enr. May 17, ISOl. Welch, John R.. privat •; enr. M ly 17, ISOI. Whitney. Myron J., private; enr. Ma> 17, ISOl. WillianiH, R dlin K., private; enr. Mav 17, 1801. Wh.tuey, William A., private; enr. May 17, 1801. 35TH REGIMENT. Col. Newton B. Lord. FIKST DETACHMENT of A'olunteers for this regiment recruited by Liout. J. A. Iladdm'k. Te|-m of service, tliree years or during the war. Date of muster, Sept. 18, 1801. Agan, Patrit'k, j'rivate; enr. Sept. 10, 1S61. Arnold, Ph b». private; enr. Sept. 9, ISOl. Collon, En".|i, private; enr. S-pt. M, ISGl. C^irman, Wiltiatn, inns.; enr. S<-pt. 0, I80I. Cratsenberg, Adttm I., private; enr. Sept. 18, 1801. Cheney. David, private; enr. Sept. 10, 1801. Iterreanx, StHni-^laus, private; enr. Sept. 14, ISOl. Blair, Joseph, private; enr. Sept. 14, 1801. Pressor, George F., private; enr. S'-pt. 14, 1861. Eddy. Jinks, private; enr, Sept. 7, 1801. Forbes. William, privaf; enr. Sept. 14, 1801. (iardiier, Kbenez'-r. private ; enr. S-pt. 7, 1801. Gilman, Enistns H., mns.; onr. Sept. in, 1801. Greon, John H., private; enr. Sept. 14, 1801. Green, Daniel, private; enr. Sept. 10, 1801. Hogan, William, private; enr. Sept. 6, 1801. Ilnnter. Fninklm W., private; enr. Sept. It, 1801. Haddock, Samuel, private; enr. Sept. 2, 1861. Hare, Daniel, pr vate; enr. Se|it. 17. ISOl. Hyde. Kdwin. private; enr. Sept. 9, ISfil. Hogin. Jtdin D., pivate; enr. Sept. 9, 1861- Kuight, William M., private; onr. Sept. D, 1861. La Due, Alexander, p-ivate ; enr. Sept. ^. 1801. Lewis, Josopli A., priv.ite; enr. Sept. H, 1801. La Gnire, Peter, private; enr. Sept. lO, ISOl. Lago, Benjamin, piivate; enr. Sept. 10, 1801. Marks, Joseph, priv.ite; enr. Sept. 10, ISOI. Martin, Fnineis X.. private; enr, Sept. li, 1801. Mix, Lyman P., piivate; enr. Sept. 17, 1801. Monroe, (Jeorge W., private; enr. Sept. 0, 1801. Noyi-g, Frederick, piivate; etir. Sept. 16, ISOl. Pall^^^, George H.. p-ivate ; enr. Sept 0, isc.l. Plumb, Hinim C, private; enr. Sept. 10, 1801. Riitchfonl. Janu'S, private; enr. Sept. LI, 1801. Ramsdell, Franeis L., private; enr. Sept. 9, 1861. Roach, Peter, private ; enr. Sept. it, IStil. Rice. John, private; enr. Sept. 0, iSfil. Steison. Nathaniel W., private; enr. Sept. 9. 1801. A'an .\mberg, Frederjek, private; enr. Sept. 11, 1801. William-i. Stephen, privtte: enr. Sept, 18, 1861. A'odra, John N., mus. ; enr. Sept. 10, 1861. SECOND DET.\CH5IE\T. Same regiment. Terra of service, three years, unlest sooner discharged. Muster dating from Sept. 'iC, 1861. Retts, William 11., private; enr. Sept. 19. 1801. Rjillard. Lyman, p; ivate ; enr. Sep. 20, 1801 Itedell, Lucius M., nnis. : enr. Sept. 2.'i, Ist^l. De Coray, Jos-pli, Jr., mus.; enr. Sept. 24, ISOl. Dillenberk, William !L, mns.; enr. Sept. lit, 1861. Elmer, Chester S., mus.; enr. Sept. 24, 1801. Howanl, .lohn K.. private; enr. Sept. 20. isoi. Marshall, Gnvera H., muH.; enr. Sept. 19, 1801. M.»ri"le. A., private; enr. Sept. 24, 1801. Neil, (ieorge. private; enr. Sept. 20, istil. Otis. Helon N. private; enr. Sept. 2:!. 1801. Randall. Aitemas A., private; enr. Sept. 20. 1861. Riihardsun, John, mus ; enr. Sept. 24. ISOl. Shaw, AVilliam, private; enr. Sept. 9, ISiil. Trijip. William C, private; enr. Sept. 21, 1801. Wilcox, Eliaji. private; enr. Sept. 24, l«Ol. AVilliam^. Reuben, mus. ; enr. .Sept. 24. ISOl. AV right, Henry, private; enr. Sept. 19, isiil, THIRD DETACHMENT. Same regiment. For three years, unless sormer discharged. Sluster dating from Oct. 2, 1861. Reynolds, George AV., private ; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Thayer, Walter P., privat-: enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Faulkner, John C , private ; enr. Sept. 20, 1801. Ilazer, Frederick, piivate; enr, Se|>t. 20. 1861. MeOmber, Theodore, private; enr Sept. 27, 1861. Matthews, Eugene, private; enr. S^-pt. 27, 1861. Poor. As;i C , private; enr. Sept. 27, 1861 AVill-ams. .lames, private; enr. Sept. 27. 18G1. Runi", Peter, private; enr. Sept. 27. 1801. Lowe, Stephen, private; cur. Sept. 27,H61. • As far as ran be ascertained from facilities at our command, the list herewith given is a nearlv correct roster of the men from JelTerson County as they were mustered intt> the original regimi-nts. HISTORY OF JEFFEESON COUNTY, NEW YORK. King, Cl.xrl.n E, rri'-nt^ ••'■■"■■ ^'•[U-';^*f;o5i Tli..iu^.», ll,M..y, private; eni'. J'l' ■ ;^*> J°' J' KHn.U.ll, N.-l>"", privit.-: ""-tK-^n'iir ' K.l.y..n, Jnn.vs. IHivaU-; onr. So,,., -ij. . S'' • l.„,.l«.l.nrK. .lohM, 1" .«u.o ; i-nr. fept 27, 1801. Yocke), A.laiii, privHtp; i-nr. Sep ^7, 1>61. Hart, I'eliT, piiviil,-; L'»i-. Sepl.i7,18(,l. Chirk. (•I,:..l.a K., privute; onr. Sept. i^,W6^. Cn,„pl-ll. ..,pl,er, pr.v,.te; enr Sept. ^7 1861. June., WMlui... 11., private; enr. S,"-! ';,-,V, SegoviH, Oeorgc, private : enr. S.pt. 28, 18f.l. Punt.., OrsenMls, pnvMe; enr. Sep . 28, 80 . N,.rt.>ii, (ieurge, private ; enr. Sept .ill IJI'l. SpraKUe, C g« H., private; enr. '"'P'- ^'.;.'*,'^,.;, Kol.i.i—i, ■ri...i.Ku. 11., private; enr. Sep .2., 1801. B.rtlelt, .\l..n/..., private; enr. Sep. 27 'sr,! K.1.1.V, (ieurge W., p.iva.e; '•"•^'".if; >?;''• Wintei». AiLlreW. private; <•"'• S^P- '''• r^*"'' ■Wiser, lliivini, private; el.r. Sep . ■2i.l5'>. Caswell, •rh..n.as. private ; '■"'„ ^,7 „■'',• '?.'"■ Vuiings, .Iiiliiis, private; enr. Se,. . 27, 180 . Fuid, IVIer K., private; enr. Sept. 2i , ISOl • llaOcrk, Matiluvv li.. private ; enr. S.^.t 28 18C1. Scull, I'al.i.l 11, private; '^'"■- ^''P'-.-f' .'"''• „ Spani.ling, Levi K., private; enr. Sept. ■! '. 1^0'. JlcBoiiaM, Krancis li., private; enr. Sept. JU, 1801. FOURTH DETACIIMEKT. Same regiment. Tliree years, unless sooner dis- charged. Dale of muster, Oct. 9, ISGl. Ballar.l, Samuel E., private; <••"■■ S''P«.;7,\«';'- diri.man, <:e.jrg,-, p.ivate; enr. Sl-i.i. 2J. 1801. Kii/./.ell. Ml'lieiis .)., private; enr. Sept. ., , 1801. Fiiizell, Uilliain ll.,l.r,vate; eiir. Sept. 2'J, 1801. Kelly,.!. .1.11, piivate ; enr. ""• I, »«!'\- „, Collins, Jul.n li., pmate; enr. Oct. 4, H^G'- Itichanls, Mnhl..n K., private; enr Oct. o, ISCl. KOner, .I.jlin, private; enr. Oct. f , H'Ol; El.ncr, August, private: enr. U*-'-', '»''•, Cunnally, I'atnck, private; enr. Oct. 8, 186 Harrington, A.aliel 11., l"-"'",';! «'''■■ ^::^'- ^'*' ^'"■ Knller, (ieurge, private; enr. Oct. 8, 180 . Aiilt, llavid K., piivate; »"'■ Oi;!. 8, 18o'. Arnold, Daniel, private ; enr. Sept. f, Ifol- Harbor, Tliollias, private; onr. Oct. •>, '801. Lane, Edwin U , private ; enr. Sept. i'.l, 181,1. Peck, lieurge .1., private; enr. Sept :i". 1801. Spciuer, William S., private ; enr. Sep . ■«'; IS"- llaberer, llcniy. private; enr. *<;Pt; •'",'*;:';■ Coon,Will.aio 11., private; enr. Oct. 0, 1801. llHl.l.ar.l, i:/.ra 11.. liiiis.: enr. Oct. 1, 1801. Cnppernell, .K.l ms. ; our. Sept. 2.J, 1801. Cii pperiiell, Mariiii I.., mils.; enr. S.pt 211 1861. Barnett, Andrew, inns. ; enr. Sept. ■2'J, 1601. lliigan, .lames mils. ; enr. Uct. 2, 1801. 1-atl James, mus,; enr. Oct. -,'801. Hjlher, \\ ilham K., miis ; enr. Oct. .i, 1861. Piene lleniy H.. limK- ; enr. Oct. :i, 1801. I'ierce, J..sepli, mus.; enr. Oct. a, 1801. Jolly, .lolin, mils.; enr. Oct. .i, 18ol. Elliott, Eilw in, mus. ; enr. Oct. o, 1801. Cianker,J..l.n, nms.; enr. Oct. i, L 01. Kinyon, liei.jaliiin, mns. ; enr. Oct. '; '™i- Simmons, l.a Kay.lte .M., ni««.; ""'• '-'i'- '•, f''^' Simm..ii.i8, .lames N., mus. ; enr. Oc_t. , 1801. Austin, Horace 1.., mus. ; enr. Oct. /, 1801. llavis, James, mns.; onr. Oct. 7, IHOl. Hall, John U us.; enr. Oct. 7, )801. I'ierce, Epliniini, mus. ; enr. Oct. 7, 1801. Allen, Harvey, private: enr. Oct.-ipSHl- Jlonnt, llavid Jl., private; onr. Oct. 1, 18C1. Weeks, llscar, private; enr. Oct. 1'. l';01. ItilliMEs, Krai.klin JI., private; o"!- "" 4, 1861. Wiight, Am..s, private ; enr. O.t 8 1801 Giav.B, llext.r, puvat.-; enr. Oct. 8, 1801. ral.inli..ii. J..111I. privat..; enr. net N 18 .1. Pike, Le..naid W., private; onr. Oct. 8 1861. Klazior, Oeoige, private; enr. Oi . 1^. '80 C.lton, Harvey V., private ; enr. Oct. 8 ISbl. Laidlaw, James, private; enr. Oct. 8, 180 Van Uusen, Charles 11., drummer; enr. Oct. 8, 1861. SIXTH riKTACIIMENT. Same regiment. Term of onli.-munt same as regi- ment. Date of muster, Oct. an, 1801. r.ardnor, Sherman, private; our. Oct 14, 1801. ItetlenBor, Wallace, private; enr. Oct 1 1801. Itol.bins, .lol.ii, private; enr. O.t. 1, 180 . Ku.ler, John 0., piivate; ei.r. O.'l. i-. 1801. Spa.is, ■lh..mas. private; onr. Oct. H. l^"- Wilson. Jam.-s, piivate; enr. Oct. H, 1801. llarl.er,(;.oiK., private; onr •-'<;'■''■,"*,•,„,, Kobl.ins, Maitlai.d S.. l.iivate ; our. Oct. 1", 1801. K,.bl.ii.-. I-aac, private ; onr. Oct. 1, 1801 Chi vor. N. Isoii, piiv..te; enr. Oct. 2.i, 1801. Van Allen, J.din, private ; enr. OC. 21 1801 Whit.-,Uooigo W.. private; enr. Oct_. 2 1. 1801. Tutlle, CUarles, priv..te ; enr. Oct 1 ., 1801. Lane, Horace S., pnvat.-; onr. Oct 27, 80 Hodge, Deinptor O., privale; enr. Oct. 27, 1801. Hodge, Jani.-sH., private; enr Oct. 2, 18(,1. Hart, Jiids..n C, pr.vato ; onr. Oct. -2, 1801 Hubbanl, tieorge ('.. pi ivato; onr. Oct 1, 1801. Uixoli, John, private; onr. Oct. '.o, 1801. SEVENTH DETACIISIENT. Same regiment. For unexpire.l teim of said regi- menfs enlistment; dale of muster, Nov. 7, 1801. Austin, Wni. (;., private ; enr. Oct. ^^ 1801 Waldron, J..s.ph, privaf ; our. Oct -20, 1801. Unigess, Herman G., private; onr. Oct. '25, 1861. Snell, John II, private; enr. Oct i, 1801. Histiiig" Nelson, l.rivate; onr. Oct. 2.., 1801. Teller, J.al K., 1 rivale ; onr. Oct. -20, 1801. Clnmiont, George W., private; enr. Oct. 25, 1S61. EIGHTH DETACHMENT. Same r.ginient. Same as Seventh. Date of muster, Ki,v.2;i, 1861. McNilt, Nelson, privat..; onr. Nov 21, ISO'- Mc.Nitt, Do Witt C, private; enr. N. .v. 21 1801. Jl.Nitt, Dnane N., pr v..to; enr. ^ov.21 1801 l„...nii», G.-.TfO W., private; enr. Nov. 21, 1801. tni.inii'ell, l-;.hvar.l, private; onr. Sept. 4, 1861. Deioy, Dennis private ; onr. Sept. 11, 1801. KINTH DETACHMENT. Same regiment. Same as Seventh ami Eighth. Date of muster, D.'C. 4, 1801. niirdick. Elias J., private; enr. Nov. -26, 1861. Wakotlold, William, private; enr, Nov. 20, 1861. Itav, Kol.eil, iirivate; enr. Nov. -28, 1861. Fairbanks, James M., private ; ..ni . Di-e._4, 1801. Nutting, Edwin E., piivate ; .'ur. Nov. 1.., 1801. 818T KEGIMENT. COMPANY B. Bullock, Ben.iamin, private ; enr. Sept. 12. 1S«';. Scranum, W.lliam 11., private ; enr. Sept. lu, 1801. CAPT. JOHN B. EDWAKDS' COMPANY. Blackman, Dennis, privat..; onr. Oct. 'J, 1861. Hovev, Oliver, private; onr. Sept. ill. 1801. Lacv,'Marl.n, private; enr. Nov 1 1801 Uuchens, George, pi ivate ; enr. Oct. 11, 1801. 93D KEGIMENT. CAPT. OnVILI.E L. COI.VIN'S COMPANY. Carpenter, Jos.-ph ('., private; enr. Sept. 2, 1861. FTFTII DETACHMENT. Same regiment. Three years, uiileaa sooner dis- Cliarge.l. Date of muster, Oct. 18, 1861. Bog..r», Nilos v., private ; onr. Oc-t. 1801 Georg.., John B., pr.vate : enr. Oct 1, 1801 Smith, Darius B., private; enr. Oct. 1 1, 1801. Liskuin, W.llaby, pr.vato ; onr. O.t. i, H^Ol- Bn.banali, Alo.xan.lor, private; onr. Oc . o 1801. W.nl , T ii>», private; enr. Ott , 8 . . fill in-ll, John, private ; enr. Oct. .1, 180 Hll.kins, Henry A., private; '■"■■;;i; '• '• l*"'!- Bnchanan, James, private ; onr. Oct i, 1801. Ky.ler, Dallas, private ; onr. 0.t. 7, 180 . Fra-Aoll, Alpheus J., private; enr. Oct. .1, 1801. Smith, Newell, pr.vate; enr. O^'- ';."^': .'i M.. ore, John H., private; onr. Oct. .;180l. Biicli..n;,n. John, private: '•■>■• ^"■'•. '•„"',''. ■ Siiiilli George W., private; enr. llct. !l. 1801. Kl...k', Nathan, private; onr. Uct. H, 1801. l.,.,t,J,..MbA.. private ; onr. Oct. Ul.lKOl Kag T ithy, oiirign ; enr. Oct. II 801- Salsbniy, Al.XKlider, private ;enr()ct 1, 1861. Field, Milo II., priv..le ; enr. Oct. 9,180 Sheimali, ll..njamiii, privale; enr. Oct. H, 1801. Aii«lii..lalvin, private; onr. Oct. II, 181,1. Fiel.l, J.iel A., private; elir. O"^'- »- ^ "'' ' ■ , Uipley, Calvin J., private; .-nr. (let. '.1, 1861. Wh.-oler, Hiram, private; onr. il, 1861. George Irving, pr.vuti-; enr. Oct. '.I, 181.1. Mclntyre, llanlel, private ; onr. O.t. 'J, 1801. Ciabb, Alon/,.,, pr.vale ; enr. Oct. 14, 1861 Ci.yle, Patrick, J.rivato; enr. Oct. 12, 1801. (;e..rge Norman, private; enr. Oct. U, 1801. Llpha«., John, private; enr. "'^'- "• '"I''- ,, Slantoii, Franklin, piivate; enr. Oct. 4, 1861. Knowles, HilKiii, private ; enr. Oct. 1", 1»61. Kin-ley, Jam '8, private ; enr. Oct. 1, I8I1I. Wriiibl, Cho-ter, privale; onr. Oct. 1, 1801. C.pl.inaii, James, privale; enr. ll.t. I, l.sill. liiit.s, Helirv f., privale; enr. Oct. 1,1801. 53D KEGIMENT. COMPANY D. Damon, Edward, private; enr. Oct. 24, 1861. 57TH KEGIMENT. CAPT. N. G. THORP'S COMPANY. nan=on, Silas W., pi ivato; onr. Sept. 2:i, 1801. Tompkins, Charles I,., private ; enr. Sept. 2.i, 1861. TJ. S. VAN-GIIARD-59TH INF. CAPT. PHILIP W. SMITH'S COMPANY. GilToid, Milo E., 1st lieut.; enr. July 14, 1801. Wliitl..r.l, Amos II., Corp.; onr. July ••'..l^O'- , l.arnar.l, Benjamin P., private; onr. July ..I, ISOl. M..ri.,w, J..hn, private; onr. July ■;1..180I. Putter, George A., pr.vate ; onr. Jnlj .il. l«ol. Thompson, Francis D., piivate; enr. July .11, 18bl CAPT. GOULD J. JKNNINGS COMPANY. Clark, (lllvor. private; enr. Aug. 28, 1861. Hack, Will. am II., l.rivate; enr. Aug. 20, 1801. Er-kin.s Cballes W., private; enr. Sept. 2. 1801. F..rin.r, James P., private; enr. Aug. 24, 1801. Halt, Jose|.li, private; enr. Aug. '27, 1801. Johnson, Robert, private ; enr. Aug. 21, 1801. Mo.lkiff, lie.,. go II., lirivale; enr. Sept. Li, 1801. Nash, A.l..lpli.is, private; oiir. Aug. 28, 1801. O'N. il, I'liah J., privat..; enr. Sept. 11. 1S61. I'rall,l'barl|.s ll„ pr.vate; onr. .Sept. 1'2, 1801. Bo.kwell, Mirand.i, piivate ; enr. Sept. 12, 1801. Wil.'.ix, Henry S,, private; our. Aug. '27, IM'.l. Warehain, James, jirivate ; our. Sept. '27, ISOl. CAPT. MILLER MOODY'S COMPANY. Conn, ('barbs, inivate; onr. S.'pl.ll, 1801. Gbr/,is, R..ilb. 11, privat.'; onr. S..pt., 1861. Ran.lal, Orson, private; enr. Sept. 7, 1801. COMPANY I. Slater, Sylvester ,\.,corp.; enr. Oct. 22, ISOl. i.arpeiiiei, ....=. I i - .,■,,./, Clemens, Calv.n, puvate ; enr. Sept 2, 18bl. Farr, Dani..|. privat..; eiir. Sept. '2, 181.1. Green Georg.- W., pi ivate ; onr. Sept. H. 1801. Kn..w'llon, Aaron, piivate; enr. Sept. 2, 1K61. P.dlard, James, priv ate ; enr. S.-pt. :i, ISi.l. Kln.des, Nels..n, li.ivale; enr. Sept. :i, UOl. Williams, Geoig.., private ; onr. Si-pt. '2, 1801. Welch, Simeon, private ; enr. (let. 12, 1801. CAPT. GEORGE M.VOOUIIEES' COMPANY. Austin, Abrabaiu, private; our. Sept. 21, 1801. CAPl'. GliOIUiE B. MIISHIER'S COMPANY. McDonald, George, private ; .-nr. Nov. 18, 1861. 94TH KEGIMENT. CAPT. W. K. HANFORD'S (A) COMPANY. Hnnford, W. R., capt.; enr. Sept. 27. 1801. Beebee 1 M, 1st licul. : enr. Sept. 2. , 1801. M..ftitt,S. A.,'2d li.-.it.; onr. Sept. 27 1861 ■luy S.ym.air 11., 1st sergt.; enr. Oct. 1-2, 1801. Angner, Julius, sergt.; enr. Oct. 9 1801. Hulbert, Charles E., seriit. ; enr. Oct. 17, 1861. Jewett, Eugene, sergt.; enr. Oct. 8, 1801 Madison, G.-.,r,;e B., sergt. ; onr. Feb. 2. 1802. C ev..|alid, F. P., cor), ; enr. Dec. '24, 1801. Canipb.'ll. Bansuui, Corp.; enr. O.t. 14, 1861. Fairbanks, Janii-8 E.. curp.; enr, N..v. -24, 1861. Barter, Frederick, .-..ip.: our. Oct. 14, 1801. Bliss, Washingtun M , Corp.; enr. Nov. 21, 18(,1. Carpenter. Jeiemiali, corp. ; enr. Nov. 24, 1801. rurguBon, Charles J., corp. ; enr. Nov. 4, 1801. Hav, Alexander, Jr., Corp.; onr. Oct. .J, 1861. L.-ster, S.ilnu.l S,niiis. ; enr. Nov. I:i, 1801. Lyon, Jam.s M., mus. ; .nr. Oct. 9, 1801. Wal.ll.iirger, Jacob, wag..ner; enr. Jan. 10, 1802. Arnold, II. b.s, private; enr. Oct. 10, 1801. A.lani-, Kinal. .., private: enr. Oct. 17, 1861. Blair Mi Ivin E.. private; enr. Oct. 9, 1801. lirowli. Gill. .1.1, piivate; enr. Oct. 9, UOl. Bai.lon, William 11., private; enr. Nov. 4. 1861. Campbell, Jesse M., private; enr. O.'t. '24, 1801. Carp.nlei, William, privale; enr. Jan. 3. 1802. Cl.aliinan, S.inire. privat.' ; onr. Dec. 1, 1801. Clark, Za.l.icli, piiv..le; our. Oct. '2'2. 1801. Inirtlv, liyroii, I'livale ; enr, Oct. 9, 1801. Donaldson, Robert, private; onr. N'.iv. 1, 1861. Edv, Joseph, private ; enr. Nov. 16, 1861. F.'it', Wall.'r, piivate ; enr. Oct. 26, 1861. Freeman, Oreii E , private ; enr. Nov. 21, 1861. Fuller, t lark S., privale; our. Dec. 17, 1861. Glyn, John, privat.' ; onr. Oct. 11, 1861. Gralnini, J.dili, private; enr. Oct. 1(1, 1861. Goss, Hiiani, privale; enr. Oct. '2:1, 1861. Green, Denitur, private: onr. Oct. '2:5, 1861. Gardn.'C, Solomon C, piivate; enr. Nov. •2'2, 1801. G..U1.I, Abnor, privale: .'nr. March ;i, 186'2. Halt, Albeit K., private; enr. Oct. 4. 181,1. Hnr.l Isa.ic, private; enr. Oct. 11, 1801. Hitchco.k, J..»e| li W., private; enr. Oct. 22 IStjl. Hitchcock, Joseph F. A., private; err. O.t. lo, 1861. Hii-ks, David, pr.vate; enr. Nov 1'2, 1861. llt.rr, Le.inar.i, privale; enr. Oct. 4, 1861. Hon'. Henry 11.. private; enr. Oct. 4, 1861. H01I..11. J.din 11., private; enr. Jan. 21, ISO'i. Holtoii, 11. my, piivate; onr. Feb. 5, l.-iO-2. llariis, James, piivate; enr. Nov. 12,1801. Ingerson, Lew.s, piivate ; enr. Nov. :i, 1801. James, Samuel II., privale; enr. Oct. 10,1801. Kellogg, Albert, |. rival.'; enr. Nov. 7, 1801. Kill i.ril Kilwin, privale; enr. Dec. 1.'., 1801. Laikins, Is.ac 11,, ,.r,vate; enr. Feb. .% 1802. Lalkiiis. Allii..nson A , private ; onr. fob. ... l»bi. Moiril.lleniv II., private; enr. (let. 12, 1801. McCai.n, J..I111 S., piivate; enr Oct. 21, 181.1. M..rrill, Charles D., pi ivale ; enr. Oct. '26, liiOl. Messel, Frederick, private; onr. N..v. 12. 1801. Muckb', llavi.l. privat.' : enr. Il.'c. '20. 1801. Morrison, I'alwal.l F., piivate ; enr. Oct. 9, 1861. M.ire, Jerome, private; enr. D.'C. 17, 1801. McGrath. Levi, piivate; enr. Nov, 12, 1861. Neiir, Ibnianiin W., private; enr. .Ian. 0, 1802. Newel G.'..rge W., private; enr. Oct. l.'i, 1801. 01is,.r.hn, piivate; enr Nov. 1'2, 1801 Parker, Liviiigst..li.', private; enr. Oct. 14, 1801. Kichardson, E.nval.l, private; enr. del. 12, 1801. Kiilh, Tli..iiias, privale ; enr. Oct. 14, 1801. Iti.har.ls, N.ls privat.' ; onr. On. '24, 1801. Ki.'e, Kan.l.ll D.. piivate; enr. Jan. l:i, 1802. R,',lv,ay, llvvigbl, private; enr O.t. '22^ 1801. Rogers, Patrick II.. private; our. Oct. ., 1801, Soely.', Sebra S., private ; enr. Oct. 19, loi.l. Sterling, Lewis II., private; enr Oct. 14. 18'.1. SmlUi,llaiollce R, private; enr. N..v 14 1801. Sali.burv.Wurlis, private; enr. Nov 10, 80I. Seelyc, lliniin, piivate; enr, Dec. 10, 1801 Soelye, Willi private; enr. Dec. 10. 1«01. Sloe/.er, Gclge li., private; enr Jan '21 180i. .slnimpine, llavi.l, private ; onr. Jan. 11, iw... !-t rliug, Ad'.lplius. private ; enr. F. b. .,, 180.. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 5G3 Tifft. Itusw<-ll K„ private; enr. Oct. 22. 18fil. Tli..iii(wnii..!iUin-8, private; i-nr. Feli. o. ISfJJ. Vlcy, Willi III! S.. private; Piir. Oct.H. IHOl. AViiIt-, Kit. ill. piivaty; eiir. Oct.2M, ISUl. W.KxI. Hiiiiy II.. privati*; enr. Oct. 1«, '8(11. Yuurij;s, Iticlianl, private; enr. Nov. 4, Istil. CAI'T. LANSING SNELL'S (B) C03IPANV. Snfll, LatniiiK, rapt. ; enr. Oct. 1, I8(il. Gates, .Jac ill S., 1st lieiit.; enr. (let. I. IHHI. Rnn. It'll. Charlfs L , -Jii jiont.; enr. Oct. K, ISOl. Marslnili, A.Jnct. :J1, isiil. Drake, F.»sti-r M., Ttli corp. ; enr. Oct. 21. iSOl. Wiliier, Clark, Sih c<.rp. ; i-rir. (let. It), iSlil. Tierc**, Cliarles, iiiU8c''n,; enr. Jan. ;i. I8t;2. Latlil, l>anifl, wag-nier ; enr. Jan. «, l.S(i-j. Bn>hn.-ll. AHkm-I, privati*; enr. Oct. h\, IHfA. Hahr, Frc-iici iek (.'., private ; enr. Nov. 2s, ItJUl. B,ur, (Ji'oiK"' N., private; enr. Nov. I, isiil. Kiiuni an, Sylve-.tui-, private; enr, Jan. ;i. 1802. Bail.y, Julm, private: onr. Nov. ■_';"), IHOI. liarn'T. John, pr.vate; enr. Oct. 12, iNdl. Itarner, Jacui', p.jvjitn; enr. Oet. 12. IHOl. Brnce, Oreii, privat<-; enr. Jan. IS, 18(i2. Cook, llorare S.. private; enr. Oct. «, IsiJI. Collins, Koli.Mt A., private; i-nr. Ocl. Hi, ISOI. Cari:*, William. pri%ale; L-nr. Oct. II, |s(;l. Ciil.', >Iosfs N., privati-; t-nr. Oct. 2 1, ISCI. ('arlisi,., niilainifr, private; t-nr. Deo. M, 18GI. Gol.li. Kifay<-tte, private; enr. Jan. 2n, 18l»2. (litrlisle, Klier. private; enr. Jan. 22, I8(J2 CV»U', Harve>, private; enr. Jan. 21, lH(i2. D.xon, AUiert K., private; enr. O.-t. I, IStJl. Dierrich, Henry, private; enr. Xuv. 28, ISlil. Kniorson, Charlew D., jirivate; enr. Oet. .'V, 18(U. Fort, Sylvester, private ; enr. Ocl. 19. ISUI. FonI, Hark, private; enr. Oct. 12, ISGl. Fnn.-h, Geor.,'e W., private; enr. Nov. 28, 18GI. Fn-ncli. Davni. private; enr. Feli. 2.'), 18()2. Gilli't. Will am. priv tie ; enr. 0«t. 1, IStil. GnnUlthrtr. Will am, pr.vate; enr. Jan. M, 1802. Hoover, John K.. piivale; enr. Oct. 1, ISUl. Hawes, Georyo W., | rivate; enr. (tct. 1, 1801. Ili'l.lt, (ieorye, jnivate; our. Oct. 1S», IS*)I. Howapl, Eiiti'-ne, private; enr. Dec 0. ISO*. Hildreth, Nathan, private; enr. Jan. 11, 1802. Hall. B'lijaniin T, private; enr. Oct. lU, 1801. Juiv, Franli, private; enr. Jan. 1, 1802. Jone.s, Lnren/.o D , private; enr Jan. 27, 1802. KMsel, An^iiist. private; enr. Oct. S, 1801. KntKlit, Martin V.. private; enr. Oct. lit, iSOl. Kepler, IVter, private; enr. Feh. 18, 1802. LiviiiH'tone, William, private; enr. Oct. 2M, 18G1. Lee, Kreehorn, private; enr. Fob. IS, 1802. March, Omiir, [irivate ; onr. Nov. 2, 1801. Mance, LewiH, private; enr. Nov. 10, Isot. MyeiN, GeoiKe, private; enr. Dec. :J1, 1801. Neville, llichartl, private; unr. Oct. 12, ISOI. Pliilli|is, 3Iarciis, private; enr. Dec.iil, 1801. Pierce, Franklin, private; enr. Jan.:!, 1802. Pierce. Jiiniet), pr.vatn; onr. Jan. 3, 1802. Quinzer, Martin, private; enr. Oct. lit, 18GI. (inin/.er, Michael, private; enr. Dec :j. 18GI. Knyter, Wilson, private; enr. Feb. 2r,, 1862. Konae, Isaac W., private; enr. Oct. o, 1801. UiiSKell. Alphens, private ; enr. Feli. .S, 1802. Itinera, Charles C. piivat-; enr. Feb. 20. 1802. Spicer, llirain, |n'ivate; enr Oct. 11, 1801. Smith, Willirtin S., private; enr. Oct. 11, 1801. Sniilli, Henry W., private; enr. Nov. :i, "801. Stone, ItealMon W., private; enr. Oct. 12,1801. Spnlsliury, Wesley, private; enr. Oct. 14, ISOI. Spalsbury, Kiiwin, private; enr. Oct. I'.i. 1801. Sargent, William, private; enr. Nov. V.i, 1801. Spragne, M. W,, private; ctir. Jan. ;i, 1802. Turner. A'-ner, piivate; enr. Nov. 151, 1801. Vodra. William, private; enr. Nov. l;l, 1801. Vanhnaklin. Jowejiti, private ; enr. Jan. 3, 1862. Wanl. L. Lampsoii, private; enr. Oct. 1, ISOI. Whititiir. Julin C., private; mu: Nov. 0. 1801. Witt. It h-v. jMivate; enr. Nov. 14, ISOi. Wuuiiy, Peter, private; enr. Fob. 27, 1802. CAPT. JAMBS EMERSON'S (C) COMPANY. Emerson, James, capt.; onr. Oct. 16. 1801. Searle>«. Hernard D,. Ut lieiit, ; enr. 0,t. 10. 1801. ParHons, Byron, 2ti lient. ; enr. Oct. 10. isoi. Boomer, O. F., Istsergt.; onr. Oct. 10, 1801. Edwanl-*. (\vrni*, sergt. ; enr. Dec. 4. 1801. Potfei, Franei-, sergt.; enr. Nt>v. 10, 1801. Halla.iay. KowlRn.!, sergt. ; enr. Dec. 9, ISOI. Allen, .Vniirew J., Miigt.; enr. Oct. 2X, 1801. Smith, All-eit, Corp. ; enr. Jan. 12, 1802. Plnmmi-r, W. H. H.. corp.; enr, Oct. 24, 1801. Kniei-si.n. Clandina, coip,; enr. Dec. IT. IsOl. Steele, William, corp.; enr. Oct. 28. 1801. Dickerson, Joseph |{ , curp ; enr. Oct. 28, ISOI. Bennin, Dnnoi*, corp. ; enr. Oct. 17, ISOl. Clevelaml. Oliver G.. corp. ; enr. Nov. l.'>, 1801. Spicer, Tlii.miis, corp. ; enr. Dec. 19. 1801. Harrintiton. Alinonil. ilrnm. ; enr. .Nov. 7, 1801. Past, Fninkliii. tifei ; enr. Jan. 4, 1802. Allen. W.lliam II . private; enr. Jan. 2, 1S02. Miirnh nil, Fniei'soti. p ivate ; enr. Oct. 10. 1801. Benton, Guilford, private; enr. Dec. 2J, ISOI. Babcock, Daniel, private; enr. Dec. 11, 18CL Ua-i^, Epiiraiin. |irivale; enr. Jan. 1. 1802. Babcock, Perry H., private; enr. Maich 7. 1802. Bas-in;;er, Deloss, private; enr. Oct. 10. 1801. Bean, Frunklin, private; enr. March 7, 1S02. ('rof.8, James P., private; enr. Oct. 21, 1801. Cole, St-K-kwell, private; eiir. Nuv. 7, Isiil. Cleveland. Porter A., private; enr. Nov. li, 1801. Clem-iit, .Sidney, private ; enr. Jan. :t, 1802. Cole, James, private ; enr. Jan. :in. I 8«2. Curtis, Horatio, private; enr. March4, 18C2. Chase, Orliii, private; enr. March 4,1802. Diekinn n. Wesh-y, private : enr. Oct. "JO, 1861. Ellis, Daniel, jnivate; enr. Oct. 28, ISOl. Kills, l&iac, private; enr. Oct. 28, 1801. Fuller, Kngene \V., private; enr. Ocl. 25. 1861. Fuller, J.imes F., private; enr. Oct. 2.'>, 1801. Farnnm, Chester, private; enr. Nov. 12, isoi. Gregory, Ief. 17, 1801. Hazlew.iorl, William, private; enr. Dec. 17, 1801. Hugli'. Jos ah. private; enr. Dec. :U, ISOl. Hatniiiori, Willi dn. jn-lvate ; enr. Jan. 20, 18G2. Klo.k. Henry, private; enr. Nov. 20, 1801. Lyon, William, i>r,vate; enr. Oct. 20, ISCI. Lyon, Abel ti., private; enr. Oct. lo, isoi. iMiller. John, private; enr. 0«;t. 10, 1801. Mclnlyn-, William, pr.vat-; enr. Jan. !t, 1802. McNitt. Albert, private; enr. Jan. it, 1802. Midilleloii, Warren, private ; enr. March ;i. 1S02. Nichols, .lames M., private; enr. Oct. 28. iSOt. Nichid.s, William, private; enr. Oct. lf», 1801. Nichols. William IL, piivate; enr. Jan. il, 1802. pool. Edwin, private; enr. Oct. 10, 1801. Petib-, Will.r.l A., piivate; enr. Nov. If., 1861. P<.oI, Alb.-ii, private; enr, Oct. 28. 1801. Pliunni'-r. James, private; enr. Oct. 28, 1801, Phi, 1801. Seyfon. William, private; enr. Nov, 27, ISOl. Tyler, William W., private; enr, Oct. 29, ISOl*. Taber, Lemuel M., private, enr. Dec. 2, 1801. Thompson, Jeremiah, private; enr. Nov. 12, 1861. Thompson, John, private; enr. March 7, 1802. Voodry, William, private; enr. Oct. 21, 1801. Voodry. Charles, private; onr. Nov. 12, l8(il. Vannnken, Lyman, i)rivate; enr. Nov, 2.'i, 1801, Wardwell, Almeion T., private; enr. Oct. 28, 1801, Washburn, Jacob, private; enr. Dec, 2, 1801. Williams, Andrew J.. i»rivate; enr. Dec. :t, 1801. Webber, Jamea, private ; enr, Jan. 2, 1802. Webb, Sidney, private; enr. Oc:t. 20, 1801. Webb, William, private; enr. Oct. 20, 18fil. \ViIIco.\, Oricar, private; enr. Jan. 2^, 1862. CAPT. D. C. TOMLINSON'S (D) COMPANY. Tonilinson, D. C, capt. ; enr. Oct. 10, 1801. Moore, J. din D., 1st lient. ; enr. Oct. 3, IsOl. Scuville, Charles E-. 2d lieut., our. Oct. 251, 1801. Sears, Dexter C, 1st sergt.; enr, Oct. 12, 1801. Carpenter, De Witt C , sergt.; enr. Oct. 24, 1801. Scott, John, jiergt.; enr. Oct. l.'i. 1801. Smith, John It., sergt.; enr. 0.1. 17, 1801. SIoNlier, Cliarle-, sorgt.; enr. Nov. -A-l, isoi. Fowler, Charles, corp. ; enr. Ocl. 14, iSOl. S.unlers, Henry, corp. ; enr, Oct. ;J, ISOl. .Middlet-ii, Seward B., corp. ; enr. Oct. :i, 1801. Blannitig, William, corp.; onr. Oct. 17, 1801. Wait, Ethan A., cap.; enr. Oct. PJ, 1801. Loan, W.lliam, coip. ; enr. Feb. 8, 1802. SloHt, Jaiii'-sM., Corp. ; enr. Oct. 14, 1801. Haines, < harles, corp. ; enr. Nov. 0, 1801. Cornwi-ll, Enistufl, inns ; eiir. Oct. 17, 1801. iLulge, James, wagoner; enr. Nov. 11, 1801. Brown, John B , private ; enr. Nov. 1. 1801. Brown, Allen, private; enr. Feb. 8, 1802. Bnlb-r, Th"nias H., private; enr. Ocl. 10, 1861. Bingham. Albert, private; enr. Nov. 14, 1801. Corey. AHitirt, private; enr. Oct. 16, 1801. Callaghan.Tliomaa. private; enr. Oct. 27, 1801. Cuyne, James, private; enr. Oct. 20, 1801. Cmwrord, Uiley, private; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. Chapin, Montrose 1)., private; enr. Oct. 21, 1801. tViok, Charles, private; enr. Oct. 14. 1801. Coon, Charles, private ; enr. Nov 8, 1801. Ciisler, Theoduie, private; enr. Nov. 19, 1801. (^ren, Willmm, private; enr. Dec. 2, 18*11. Vaai', Ricliard, private; enr. Nov. 2S, 1861. Chenney, Elbridge, private; enr. March 7. 1802. Diinlop, Edwanl. private; enr. Oct. 20. 1801. I Dema-ce, Gilbert, private; enr. Oct. 14, 1801. Fields, Josepli, private; enr. Oct. 14,1801, Fergu*on. Fntnklin. private; enr. Ocl. 14. 1801. Ferj;n-on, Orlando C, private; nnr. Oct. 14, IbOl. Fish, Merritt A., private; enr. Dec. l:i, isOl. Friizure. .lohn, private ; enr. Nov, 18, 1801. Green, Addi-*on. private; enr. Oct. IS, 1861. Gates. Jerome, jirivate ; enr. Oi t. 18, l^01. Gnives, William, private; enr. Oct. 19. 1801. Gotham. Darwin, private; enr. Dec. li, 1801. (;.ile.. .bdiii C.. private; enr. Oct. 19, 1801. i llubb.ird, Joel A., private; enr. Oct. 30, 1861. Ilowartli. Edmond, private; i»nr. Oct. 20, 18G1. Houghialing, Davi-I, private; enr. Nov. 2U, 1861. Hamlin, Eugene, private ; enr Oct. 21, 1801. House, Aaron, private; enr. Dec. 18, iSOl. Hogaii, Juhn, private; enr. Nov, 29, ISOI. Hytle, Noah, private; enr, Dec, Is, ISOI. Iva, Lawrence, private; enr. Dec. 20. 1801. Kirby, James P.. private ; enr. Ocl. :i. 1801. Ken.uni, Bnidrmd C, private; enr. Oct. 19. 1861. Kenyon. Henry, private; enr. N«»v. 14, ISGl. Le^^trr, George, private; enr. Oct. 20. ISOI. Lawrence, Frederick, private; enr. Nov. 29, 1801. Medinber, Melvin, private; enr. Oct. 18, isci. Mnnson, Henry, private; enr. Feb. 8, 1802. Martin. George, private; enr. Nov. 1, 1861. MnnstMi, Edward, private; unr. Feb. 8. 18f2. Mealns. William, pr.vah* ; onr. Nov. 7, ISOL Milntyre, Kthan. private; enr.Oet. 2.'t. 1801. Porter, John, piiv.tte; enr. Oct. 17, Isoi. Pearson, Bidieit, private; enr. Oct. 24, ISOl. Ph dps, Cyrus C, pr vate; enr. Oct. is, Iwil. Pliidps, Thomas, pi ivali- ; enr. Ocl. 14, isoi, Iteveir, S imnel T.. private ; enr. Oct. ;t, isoi. Keveir, George, private; enr. Nov. ;;'.;. ISOl. Slype, Joseph, private; onr. Oct. 2^1, ISOl. Satchwell, l>nrhnm. private; enr. Oct. 20, IfiOl. Spaiilding. Willi im It , private; eur. Jan. 25, 1802. Service, Hiram, private. Service, Stephen, private. Tripp, S. H., private. Taylor, Steadman, private; enr. Fob. 21, 1802. Triiax, Nelson H.. private; enr. O.t. II. ISOI. Tripp. Lawson, private; enr.Oet 17,lS01. Treadway, Samuel S, private; enr. Nov. 4. HCl. Therry, Charles, private ; enr, Nov. 10, 1801. Welle-, Judih S., private; enr. Nov. .% iSOl. Wescott, Philetns D., private; enr. Nov. I, 1801. Wescott, David, private; enr. Nov. 1.^ ISOI. Wescott, Orlando C, private; enr. Dec. 20, 1801. Wilson, John, private; onr. Nov, 29. 1801. Wright, Charles, private; enr. Ocl. 24, Isol. CAPT. SAMUEL PLACE'S (E) COMPANY. Place, Samuel, capt.; enr.Oet. 14, 1861. Timmerman, Calvin, 1st lient.; enr. Oct. 1, 18GI. Cheevr, Orli», 2d .serjrt.; enr.Oet. 1,1S01. (Hinklin, Myron, '.id sergt.; enr. Oct. 1'., 1801. De Mars, Samuel, 1st rorp.; enr.Oet. I.JSOl. Benjamin, William J., private; eu'*. ilcl. 28, 1801. Biggers, J. dm, privat«- ; enr. JaQ, 7, 1802. Bellinger, Diiniel, private; enr. Feb. 0, 1862. Cheever, AIoii/.o, private; enr. Oct. 14. ISlil. Clark, Hiram, piivate; enr. .Nov. ■J.'i, Isol. Christi, Ale.\ander, private; enr. Dec. 18, Isoi. Conover, Willmm H., Jr., private; en'-. Jan. 18, 1802. Conover, Albert, private; enr. Jan. 20, 1S02. Cnmniiiigs, Leonard, private; eur. Feb. 12, 1802. Cobb, David, private; enr. March 9, ]SG-.i. Derinisoii, Robert, pi ivat-; enr. Oct. 20, 1801. De Wolf, David O , private; enr. Oct. I, 1801. Duclin, Justin, private; enr. Nov. ;«), 1801. Donohue, Michael, private; enr. Jan. lo, 1802. Emmons. .Malery, private; enr. Jan. 18. 1802.* Elder, Henry J., private; enr. Feb. 1. 1802. Ander-on, Warren, pri%-ate; enr. Feb. 1, 1802. Fort, Chales E., private; enr. Oct. w, IHOl. F'airninii, William, private; enr. Oct. 14. ISOl. Fitzgerald, Michael, piivate; enr. Jan. 10, 1802. Gohlsmith. William, private; enr. Nov. l.'>, 180L Goldsmith, John, private; enr. Nov. I.i, 1861. Gotham, Wjllium, IL. private; enr. Jan. 8, 18(^2. Gibbs. Henry J,, private; enr. March 1>, 1802. Harris, Henry, private; enr. Oct, '>:>, 1801. Johnson. Kecetus IL, private; enr. Dec. IS, ISGl. Conklin, David, private; enr. Oct. L% 1801.' Knight, J. Rand-dph. private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Looby, George, private; enr. Oct, 21. 1801. La Patrje. Peter, private; enr. Nov. 1, Im 1. Lawton, Edward, private; enr. Feh. ;t. lsCt>, Mackey, Alexander, private; enr, (tet. 21, ISOl. Moreton, Hiram, private; enr. Oct. 19, Isdl, Merriam, Himron, private; enr. Oct. :io, isiil. Merrill, Benjamin, private; enr. Manli 0, 1802. Mullen, John, private; enr. Oct. 2o, Isoi. Norton, Charles IL, private; enr. Niiv. 7, isoi. Norton, Tliomas, pri%'Hte; enr. Feb. 6, 1802. Nichols. Ephraini, private; enr. Dec. 12, 1801. Partnenter, Charles, private ; enr. Ocl. •.'«, 1«0I Phillips, George C, private; enr. Oct. 29. ISOI Perry, Newton, private; enr. Ocl. 20, Isiil. Pickett, Jcdin. private; enr. Nov. 0, ISOl. Pickett, Richard, private; enr Nov. 12, 1861. Parmnr, Charles, private; enr. Feb. 22, IS62. Devondorf, Madi>un. private; enr. Doc. 10, 1801. Rose, Van ShultK. private; enr. Ocl. 14, 1861. Rose, Nicholas, private; onr. Oct. 14, 1801, Rogers, Amos, priv»t«; enr. Nov. :i, 1801. R(tger-, Nel'on, private ; enr. Nov. :t, Isoi. Sporry, Charles, private; enr. Nov. :{, ISOI. Swartz. Jumes IL, private; enr. Ocl. 2.^, ISOl. Swart, Edgar, private; enr. O^l. 28. iSOI. Sheldon, Peter, private; enr. Nov. I.>, 18GL Sanlord, Lo.val, private; enr. Dec. 2, 1801, S'mpsoii. William, private; enr. Nov. 29, ISOl. Toha^h, ,\iidiew, private; enr. Nov. 2:t, 1801, * Tvb-r, Wallace W, private; enr. (let. 14, 1861. Wilder, George D., private; enr, Oct. 29, isOL Wilder, William, piivate; enr. Dec. 2 t, isOl Wilder, David, private; enr. Dec. 21, 1801. Wanl, Harvey B.. private : enr. Jan. 2, 1802, Christi, Abnim, private; enr. Dec. 2 , 1861." Jer-iy, Joseph, private; enr. Jan. 1, 1S62. Bartlett, Barney, private; enr. Nov, ;io, ISGl. Conk, George, private ; enr. March in, 1802. * Rogers. G. E,, private; enr. Feb. I, 1802. Elder, Matthew, private; enr. Feb. 1, 1862. 564 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Coiner, Alrxnnder, privnti*; t-nr. Ft-Ii. 1, 18G2. Chirk, Lp Uniml, iinvjiic; tiir. Fel-. Ifi, I8C2. Pl»-l«v, K. It., l»iiviiti>; iMir. Oft. ;;ii, ItSGl. niytlcn, »., inivalt-; fiir. Oct. 20. IHC.I. JIiucli, llftiiy, ])riv:it.-; i-nr. Vvh. 8, 18fi2. Calviti, AU-xmi(kT, inivali-; i-nr. Ftb. 1, 1«G2. CAPT. HARKISOX BIJiBIXS'(F) COMPANY. Bill!. in*, n:irii8'>n,rjti.t.; i-nr. Ort. 12, 18)11. Wiwhhurti, Lt'vi, 2(1 Hcri;(.; cnr. Oil. IS, 18(il. >VM...]anl,t;illi(Mt, ;ta wrgt.; enr. O.r. 14, ISCI. hoi'iiii-', John, 4ih KiTgt.; en r. Oct. lU, tistil. WnBliliurti, Aut^iistim, .')tli sergt. ; <-iir. Oct. 14, 18G1. IJilihin^i, ."chiiyler H., Isi cut|».; f:nr. Oct. 21, 1H(>1. liovingtoii, An>tiii A., 2il c.n j). ; cnr. Oct 20, 18G1. McDimiilil. Jiiiiic*', :M ctitp. ; ein.Oct. 8. ISGI. I'l'iinnns, Barney, 4tli curp. ; cnr. Oct, ItJ, ISGI. Coleman. Winficl.i, .Mh cniji. ; erir o.t. 2ii, ISGl. Powc 8, Churl.-.- K.. tltli c..!]!.; , 1862. Kiirrt'Stcr, Brnec, privare; enr. Feb. 1, 18G2. Orecn, K iwiini, pi ivatc; enr. Oct. IG, 18G1. (Jroer, l)iinii A, private; enr. Oct. 2S, ISCI. (iiilliii, Hamilton, privjir<' ; enr. ttct. 2(t, ISfil. Ilninplip-y, Jnliii (I,, privalp; cnr. Nov. '., ISGI, Heavy, Matlliew, private; enr. Nov. 12. ISGl. Holmes. Sinn-oii. privitte; enr. Nov. l.'>, ISfil. Hal lock, haniel l>., pr.viitc ; enr. Pec. In, ISGl. Humphrey, Charles S., private ; cnr. Feb. 11, 18G2. Hall, William S.. private; enr. Feb. I.-i, 1862. J.-uelt, Henry, private; enr. Oct. :iii, 1861. Kelly, Jiihn, piivate; enr. Jan.;m, l^&Z. Ke\ nion, Sanfttnl I,, piivate; enr Fei>. I, 1862. La (irnu-*, John P.. private; cnr. Oct. IS, 1861. M<»»rc, Allred, private; enr. Oct. 12, Isiil. Moore, KJwanl, private; enr. Oct. 12, ISGl. Morrison, TImoii s, [rtivalc; cnr. Nov, 12, 1861. McCoim, John, pi .vate : cnr. Pec. IS, 1861. M"oney, Ttavillii-r P., private; enr. Pec. 7, 18G1. Mooney, Pavid H., private ; enr. Pec, 7, ISGl. North, Ol.ver, private; enr. Jan. 1, 1SG2. Pattei-son, Andi-i-son, priv-t« ; enr. Nov 11,1861. !t>.ice, Ch.iiles A., pr.vate; cnr.' Nov. 16, l8iil. Unwell, Meren F., private; enr. Nov. 17, 1861. Kovvell, AdcUicrt, pr.vate; enr. Jan. li, 1SG2. llnvar, .John, private; enr. Feb. 11, 1862. Itceveri, Ahy-phitn, private; enr. Feb. lo, 1862. Spemer, Henry, private; enr. Oct. IG. 1861. Strong, Ilayden. private; enr. Pec, 7, 1K6I. Tubbs, John, private; e[ir. Nov. 17, 18G1, Whitney, p.- Krlin-:, private; enr, Nov. 14, 1861. WiUon, Samnel, piivate ; enr. Pee. K), 1S61. M riy^bt, Alpb'iis. private; enr. Feb. lii, 1862. Y'Tk, Levi, private; enr. Oct IT, 1861. York, Joihain V., private ; onr. Mar. 10, 1862. CAPT. AUSTIN IIORRS (G) COMPANY. Horr, Anatin. capt. ; enr. Oct. 21, 1S61. Lacy, John, 1st lient. ; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. Mayhew, Fdward P., 2d lient. ; enr. O. t, 21, IPGl. Comec, Chii-topher C, Isr ^el■gt.; enr. Oct 2), IBGI. Waring. Wllian, Hcryt. ; cnr. Pec. 12, 18G1. Horr, An-tiii M., sergt.; enr. Oct. 22, ISGl. Kofteboiini. Howjinl, sergt. ; enr. Oct. 21, 18G1. Sikes, Katon A.,serKl.; enr. Oct. 2!», ISGI Fitzgerald, John It., corp. ; enr. Dec. I't. 18G1. Wiue, Fayette M., corp. ; enr. Nov. 1:1, ISGI. Freeman. Pon A., Corp.; enr. Oct. 21. Is61. Pringle, Mavsliall S. B,, coii). ; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. McKen-lrey, William, Corp.; enr. Jan. 11, 1862. Bowhall, Fnuik, coip ; cnr, Jan. 1, l86i. Mctjiieen, .lanifs, Corp. ; enr. Nov. 22, 1861. Lin an, Henry, niU".; enr. Nov. 12, 1861. Lawrence, Henry, niiiH. ; enr. Pec. 12. 18G1. (iillett. Fierier ck S,, wagoner; enr. Pec. 2-'i, 18G1. Allen. Lewis W.. pri%'ate; enr. Nov. 6, 1861. Ard. Patrick, private; enr. Jan. G, 1862. Allen, Thonnis, pi ivaii- ; enr. Jan. 8, l»-62. Bedloid, Jiwepli, private; eiir. Oct 21,1861. BiMzee. Lawrence, private; enr. Pec. l.'», 18G1. Bill, Charles K , private; enr. Oct. 2], I8G1. B:tll, John, private; eiir. Jan. l;i, 18i>2. Blair, Joseph, privaU' ; enr. Jan, 16, I8C2. Blair. Samnel, piivate; enr. Feb, lit, 1862. Baker, FreelHirn. private; cnr, Feb. '^6. 1862. Cool, Orvill M., private; enr, Feb. 22, 18G2. Co- per, William, private; onr. .Ian. II, 18G2. Carroll. Peter, private; enr. Ort. 2U, 1S6I. Cimnelly. Thomiw, private; enr, Oct, 21), 1861. (Vinigan, Koberl. jirivate; enr. Nov, 6, 1861. Cough Biine, i»Hvate; enr. Jan. 2, 1862. Cli-menc. Williani, private; enp: Pec. LI, 18R1. Cornwell, Frmklln P., private; enr. Feb. 2ri, 18C2. Pelaney. .lann'S, private; enr, Jan. iJO, 18G2. Klnier. IHrnni. |>iivate; enr. Pec. .'i. 18G1 Klni'-r. Ittndalt, ]H-ivale; enr. pec. :^. 1861. Kllsw-Tth, <'liiirlcM A., privulo; enr. Oct. 29, 1801. Franklin. Hiram, privnio ; enr. Fni/ier, (Jeoige, private ; enr. Ot I. 21, 1861. Foiinn. Nelson F.. private; onr. Oct. 21. ISCl. C.reenley, O. B , private; cnr. Feb. 2:i, I8G2. GhisicT, .Samuel, private ; enr. Oct. 2'J, 1861. Glft-^ier, Brayton, private ; enr. Nov. 2'', 1861. Giitlin, James L., private; enr. Pec. 9, 1861, Hnnlinglon, lliiam C , pr.vate; enr, Oct, 21, 1861. Haiiv, J.. hn, private; enr. Oct. 21. 1861. Hough. Prni*ai K., private; enr, Nov. 1, 1861. Ilnnible, John, private; enr Nov. 7, Ihtil. Howard, .^li,pri\ale; enr. Oct. 2il, 1861. Kearney, William, piivati* ; enr. Oct. 2t), 18GL Lacy. Michael J., prvale; enr. Nov. '.i. 1861. Laflin, James, private ; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. LaFlenr, Loiii-, private; enr. Pec. I.'), 1861. Lake, Theodon-, private; enr. Feb. '.il, l862. Lacy, Milo, privati-; enr. Feb. 5, l8i.'i. Lester, Th'-mas, pr vale; enr. Jan 21, 1862. Lester, Warr.-n, private; enr. Mar. 4, 1862. M Ib-r, Swecton, private; cnr. Pec. :J, 1861. Morii-on, Abraham, jir^vale; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. Mcl'ain, Pavid, pr.vate; enr. Oct. 21. IsGl. McNcille, Ale.\andei-. private; Mar. :i, 1862. Newman, J.dm P., private; enr. Dec. 16. 18G1. I'orier, Benjamin S , private; cnr. Jan. 21, 1862. I'ersnns, .\lbert J., private ; enr. Nov. 21, 1861. P!iel|»s, I'hibi. private ; enr. Nov. 29, 18G1. Ratigan, Ji-mes, private; enr. Feb. 6, 1862. Bbcitnan. .lohn, piivate; cnr. Pec. 16, 1861. Secure, Janns N., |«rivate; enr. Nov. ."i, 1861. Slieedy, Patiick, pr.vate; I'lir. Nov. 21, 18G1. Snninan, Thomas, pr vate; enr. Pec. 1, 18f>l. Tnmlile, Joseph, pi ivate ; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. Tnbbs, John, private; enr. Nov. 2o, 18G1. Vanhf'oser, Perley K., privat<^ ; enr. Jan. 16, 1862. Wall, James, private; enr. N<»v. 26, 1861. Walker, George W., piivate ; enr. Nov. i:^ 18G1. Woidun, Jethro, private; onr. Feb. I'J, 18G2. CAPT. J. E. BRIGGS'(H) COMPANY. BrigEF. J. E , cnpt.; enr. Oct. 10, 1861. Carpenter, Levi, 1st lient.; enr. Oct. 10, 1861, MctV.mber, George, 2d lient.; enr. Oct. 20. 1861. Smith, \Varren S., sergt.; enr, Oct. Id, 1861. StapIin,Uren P.,sergl.; enr. Oct. 1.5, 1>61. ('lark, Charles, Mcrgt. ; enr. Nov. 1, 1H61. Sloat, Charlex W., seigt.; cnr. Oct. 2."i. 1861. Ba ley, Brayton C, sergt. ; enr. Nov. 0, 1861. CuHliman, John, corp ; enr. Nov. lo, If^Gl. Ames, Avery, corp.; enr. Pec 2.'i, 1861. Switxer. Nei^un, corp ; enr. Nov, 18, 18C1. Hart. Vincent L., Corp.; enr, Nov, 28. 1861. Staikweaiher, Wallace W , o-rp. ; enr. Oct.31, 1861, P'-nny,. Joseph, Corp. ; enr. Pec. 4, ISGI. Cole. John P., Corp.: enr. Oct. 16, 1.S61. Basinger, William, wagoner; enr. Oct. 21, 1861. Near, Benjamin ('., miis. ; enr. Feb, lo, 1862. Alger, A.-'a, private; cnr. Pec. 3, 1861. Babcock, KlmerE., private: enr. Oct. 21. 18G1. Bacon, Lvnian, private; enr. Nov 14, ISGl. Babcock, .lesse, private ; cnr-. pec. l."», ISGI. Babcock, (Jeor^ce, piivale; enr. Oct. 2 t, 1861. Bnwkei", S nieoii. piiv;ite; cnr Nov. 'SS, l8t;i. Bowker. Philander, privat<-; enr. Jan. 14. 1862. Babcock, Jnlm. private; cnr. Pec. :ji>, 1861. Clark, George L,, jtrivate; enr. Nov. 1, l^^Gl. Cninp.e, Puane, private ; cnr. <>ct. 20, 1861. Chase, !*laitin. piivate ; enr. Nov. 22, 1861. Chryler, J. Heniy. prvate; enr. Pec, 6, 1861. Pandley, (Jeorge W.. private; enr. Oct l.">, 1861. Pon"y,'HonuM\ private; enr. Oct. 17, 1861. Pilley, Geor;;e A., private; enr. Jan. 6, 1862. Pe Lap]>, Robert, private; enr. Jan. i:i,1862. Penny, Levi, private; enr. Fe' . .'). 1862. EnaK, I*awrence. private; enr. .Ian. 1, 1862. Ehb-r, James, private; enr. Feb. 4. Is62. Elmer, Lewis, private; enr. Nov. lit. 18'il. Ford, Lncins B., private; enr. Oct. :jo, 1861. Flaherty, Patrick, jirivate: enr. Nov. 20. 186L Finnerin, Patrick, private ; enr. Pec, ,'), l861.* Goslen. ('hri«ty, private; enr. Nov. 6, 1861. G islcn, Michael, private; enr. Pe<-. II, ISGl. Haines, Jacoli. private; enr. .Ian. 6, 1862. Hubbard, Eliphalet. private; enr. Oct. 27, 18G1. Hanley, John, private; enr. Jan. :i, 18G2. Hooey, George, private; enr. Feb. 6, 1862. Horth. Marcus, private; i-nr. Feb, 1, 1862. Hart, Reuben, private; enr. Peo. .'J, 1861. La Ravier, C'oreil, private; enr Oct. 28, 1861. McGuwp'n, Matthew, private; enr. Nov. Ill, ISGl. Morrison, Charles W.. priviitt^; enr. Pec. 1. 18GI. Prinn-an. .Joseph, private; enr, Oct. 2:t, 1801. Prior. Fred. A., private ; enr. Nov, 1. 1861. Relyea, Levi T,. private; enr. Oct. 27, 1861. SiminoiiH, J. Harvey, pt ivate; enr. Oct. lo, 1861. Starring, Isaac, private; enr. Oct. 2.% ISGl, Storring, Levi, piivate; enr. Oct. 21, 18G1, Stoning, .bdm .private; enr. Oct. 21, 1861, Stratton. John, private ; enr, Oct. 24, 1861. Shelniadine, John, private; enr. Nov. l."», 1861. Stone. Alvuh, piivate: enr. Nov. 1, 1861. Starkweather. Aaron IL. private; enr. Oct, 21, 18C1. Smith, Thoma-s, private; enr. Jan. 2, 1862, Sischo, John, private; enr. Feb. 20. 1862. T-chants. Chii.'^tiaM. priviite; enr. Nov. 16. ISGl, Tillotson, William, private; enr, Oct. 1.'). 1861. Tncker, E/ekiel ('.. private; enr, Nov. 16, ISGl. Taylor, Allen, pnvale ; enr. Oct. 1'., I86I. Turcott, Alfred, private ; enr. Pec. 22, 1861. Wood, John, private; enr, Jan.2-\ 1862. Yemean, Pavid, private; enr. Oct. 16. I.»t61, Yenieaii. CliarlcM, private ; enr. .Ian. 0, 1862. Wiley, Oscar, private ; onr. Nov. I.'i, 1861. CAPT, A, M. NUTTING'S (I) COMPANY. Nutting, Abel M., capt, ; enr, Oct, IG, 1801. Mansfield, J. Mnson, 1st lieut.; enr. Nov. 1, 1861. Lockl.n, A. W , nt sergt. ; enr. Oct. 19, 1861. Callnniii, Ebene/er, sergt ; enr. Nov. 6, 1861. Woi.lwortli, Jtdin 1., seigt.; enr. Oci. 16. 1861. Hawkins, John, ser^t. ; enr. Oct, 21, 18G1. Co.-I.-y, Horace, foi p. ; cnr, Oct. -lb. IJJGl. La Clear, Is:iac, corp.; enr. Oct, lit, 1861. Mvirrow, Lewis, corp, ; enr, Oct, 20, 186L Tripp, Willard, corp. ; enr. Nrtv, ;i, 1861. Olley. (Jeorge, drnni. ; enr. Oct. 16, 1861. Blodgell, Maii^hall, private; enr. Pec. H, 1861. Blod^ett, 0>car, private; enr. Oct. 20, ISGI. Canfield, Will am IL, private; cnr. i)ci. :;o, 1.^61. Cra.n, George, jirivatc; cnr. Oct. ■/4, 1861. Cbevally, Augnslns, piivute ; •nr. Nov. 2, 1861. Piaper. Chaib's, private; cnr. Nov. 24, 1861. Draper, SjuimicI, private ; cnr. Oct. 2k, 18G1. Piifl.-y, Patrick, private; enr. Nov. i;i. 18nl. Pavenport, J.imec, private : cnr. Maicli 4, 1862. Pnnlavy, Kdward, private; enr. 3Iai ch 4, 1862. Flanag.in, Kngene. private; cnr. Pec. 2s, isGl. Getmaii, Archibald, private; enr, Feb, lo, 1862. Hohlen, Charbs N., private; enr. Pec. 12, 1861. Harter, George, private; enr. March '.'>, 18(;2. Ingrnham. Simeon, private; cnr. N.iv. pi, 1861. Merrill, Frwin M,, private; enr, Oct. \r^, 1861. 011-y, James, private; enr. Oct, 16, 1861. Pnimc, Jer- me, private ; enr. Nov. 21, ISGl, Pickctt, J-dm G., private; enr. P. c. 20, ISGl. Salter, John, private; enr. Oct. 10, 1861. Sch. .field, Prosper, piivaie ; enr. Maich 3, 1862. Van Antwerji, John, private; enr. Pec. 'JO, U6I. Wiiliam>oii, .Pacol., private; cnr. Oct. 28, 18GI. Weaver. William, private; enr. Mai ch :i, 1*62. Hory, J. C, private; enr. Nov, a, 186]. <;u-tiii. Byron, private ; i-nr. Nov, 4, isGl. Maiicbesier, James P., private ; enr. Oct. 30. UGl. Babcock, Perry, private. Servii e, Hiijini, private. Service, Stephen, private. Mnnson, Henry, private. CAPT. CALVIN LITTLEFIELP'S iK) COMPANY. Liltlcfi. Id, Calvin, capt. ; enr. Oct. 18, 1861. Coolev, A. E., 1st lieut. ; enr. Oct. I.'"!, 1861. Woodward, W. J. M., 2d lieut. ; em-. Oct. 14, ISGl. Wudell, Isaatr P., 1st, sergt. ; enr. Oct. :iO, l8lil. Jobn-sun, .Vlba II., sergt.; enr. t)ct. I'.i, ISGI. Miles, Jo-'iah, sergt. ; enr. Oct. 20, l8lil. Cob', JIartin L., .sergt. ; em. Nov. 1, l^6l. Klansburg, William, sergt.; enr. Jan, 2^ 1862. Sprague, Charles H,,corit.; enr. Oct.;io, 1861, Maxson, Charles B , corjt,; enr. Nov. 6, ISfil. Uamsdell, thnaldo, corp.; enr. Dec. Is, 1861. A\ alhiee, Hiram, coip. ; enr. Jan. 12. 1862. Miller, Fnuicis, coip. ; < nr, Oct, '^5, ISGI. Clark. Oliver P., coi p. ; enr. Nov. 6, 1801. Davis, Chiirlcs II., C4n p. ; enr. Nuv. 4, 1861. Brcwblcr, Byron A., nin^ic'n. ; enr. Ik-c. U, 1861. Hewitt, Liifayette, mnsc'n ; enr. Jan. -^4, 186J. Parker, Paac, wag->ner; enr, Ovt. 2:1, 1861. B.iiley, Jo-cpb, inivate; enr. Nov. 6, 1861. Bullock, Luvell, private; enr, Nov. 12, ISGl, Brewstci. John A., p ivate ; enr. Dec, Lt, I8G1. Br.'wn. llaivey. private ; cnr. Pec. 14, 18G1. Blown. Kli.sha, private; enr, Jan. i), 1862. Buck, Albert, pi ivate ; enr. Nov. 12, 18GI. Bariiuni, Elias, private; enr, Feb. 2. 1862, Backii-, George, private ; cnr. Feb. 2;i, 1862. Barkns, John, private; enr. Feb, 16, 1S62. lleckwiti:. Kiancis, private; enr. Jan. 21. 1862. Becker, William C, private; cnr Pec. II, 1861. Carl, Thomas, private; enr, Feb. 21, 1862, Clark, Le Grand, private; enr. Feb, 16, 1862. Clark, Sila--, private; enr, Jan, 12. 1862. Clark, Lynihn, piivate ; enr. Jan. 'J, 1SG2. Champlin, Oscar, [irivate; enr. Dec. 11. 1861. Canfield, Nelson, private ; cnr. Feb. 7, I8(i2. Curt 8, Fe.sseiideii, private; enr. Jan. L'l, IStili. Cronk, Reuben, private; enr. Jan, 21, 1802. C-.oper, Ei ban. private; em. .Jan. 26, 1-G2. t'ohiow, Alcvaiider, pr.vate; enr. Feb. I, 1862. Chamberlain, David, private ; enr. Ntiv. 4, 1861. CcMdi, George, private; enr. Dec. 16, ISGl. Dack, Alonzo C., private; enr. Dec. 14, 1861. Davis, Juhn M., piivate; enr. Nov, 4, 1861. Davis, Robert C, private; enr. Dec, 14, 1861. De Bnsia. William, piivate; enr. Pec, 14. 1861. DniiniT. tieorge, private; enr. Dec. 14, 18G1. Doiiiier, Lonw, piivate: enr. Pec. 14, l8til. Pryileii, John, private; enr. Oct. 2:i. 18G1, Pr.Mleii, Byron, private; enr. Pee. 10. 1861. Duman, Austin, private ; enr. Feb, 22. 1862. Ebbr, Matthew, private; enr. Feb. 1, I,H62. Farrall, IIu»;h, private; enr. Feb. I'.I, 1862. Franklin. Hnam, private; enr. Jan. 'J2, I!^62. Fairbanks, (ieorge L., pr.vate ; enr. Feb. 18, 1862. Grnfi', Israel, private; enr. Dec. 14, 1861. Green, Philo, privati*; enr.Oct, 26, 1861. llolb y. Cliaries L. private ; enr. Oct. ao, 1861. Hall, Lyman S., private; enr. Nov. 2", 1861, Hall, Mdion P., piivj.te; enr, Dec, 16, 1861, Hai;.:hi, Cliaries S., private; cnr. Nov. 12, 1861. Hunter. Samuel R., private; enr. Jan, l.*>. 18G-J. Harammin, Marin C,. private; enr. Fidi, 7, 1862. Hetiing, Peter, private; cnr. Feb. 6, 1862, Iligals, Samuel, private; enr. Dec. II, 1861. JarviH. Franc, s, private; enr, Dec. 28, l86l. Kenyoon. Ilosea, jirivate; rnr. Oct. 20,1861. Kmg, .lohn L., private; enr, Feb. IG. I8li2. Maliby, Dexter, private; enr. Oct. 18. 1861. Mack, Che-ter. pr.vate; enr. Dec. II. iSGl. Miirniin, James, private; enr. Feb. 18,1862. Nevill, William J., private; enr. Feb. is, 1>62. Nevill, John v., private; enr. Feb. 21, 1862. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 565 rri'ali'v, rncia R., piiviitc; enr. Oct. 2n, 18lil. ]*liillj]is, Fri'ciiiiin. itrivate; ciir. Kfli. ;J, 1862. Itogci-w, tlcuryr, piiviilt'; enr. F«.'li. 1, Istili. Kussill, WkIIiico K., privati.- ; enr. Oil. ill, 1801. IljiBc, Merritr, pi hftte ; enr. Def. ai, ISOI. Hiee, Kdwiiril, privule ; onr. Dee. U, ISlil. K.viin, Tli'jtiiii-*, private ; enr. I>ec. '.I, 18r»l. Kat;aii, .Miirrirt, private : enr. Jan. 24, 18(>2. Spirer, Wilii;tlii It., Jirivate: enr. Fell. 24, 1802. Smith. Ccoice, piivale ; enr. Oct. 2!l, 1801. Sniitli, Kraiili, private; enr. Xiiv. 28, 1801. Sliaw, Saniiiei, private; enr. Jan. 24, 1802. Si rville, .l.ilin, private; enr. Dec. 211,1801. Spencer, William, private; enr. Feb. 0, l(-02. ThiiiipMin, hnaiie F.. private; enr. .Ian. .">, 1802. Ti II. IturtHM K., private; enr. Nov. 12, 1801. Tiuiker, (;ei>r(;e K., piivnle; enr. Jan. 10, 1802. Teiilev, De.Nter. private; enr. Fil.. 1", 1802. Tnrner, Usear I.., piivate; enr. Fell. 10, IM',2. WiKiihvaiil. Ciiiistiiit, private; enr. Ilet. 12, 18C1. W.ir.lin, Aieliilialil, private; enr. Oct. 2.'i, 1801. Wiilteis, (;eiirKe. private ; enr. Dee. il, ISI.I. Wiiiiil, WiUiiiin A., private; enr. Fell. 2, 1802. Williunisuii, U»i iir, private ; i nr. Ilct. 21. IhOl. 97TH BEGIMENT. CAPT. A. 1). PAUSOXS' COMPANY. C^inyne, William, priviite; enr. N'nv. l.'i, 1801. Smitli, liliver, private; enr. Nuv. l.'i, ISOl. Valenline, Mil,,, privale; enr. Oct. Ifi. ISOl. (Jiinliltliiile, Ihe-ter, private; enr. Dee. 111. ISOI. I'eiiiiiiik, Wil.,.iiri, private: enr. Dee. 1(1, 1801. I'mliKiek, Charles, private; enr. Dee. l,"i, 1801. I'ontii, .\iigiihtnrt, private; enr. Dee. 12, 1801. CAI'T. GUSTAVUS M. PAI,.Mi;R'S (K) COMPANY. Mieliiiel Kiile.v. Islsergt.; enr. Nov. 1,1801. Clark, lieiijaiiiin. private ; enr. .Inn. 2, 1802. Ui-h-eijnie, .Mai inn, private : enr. Jan. 2, li*02. Itesaeijnie, Suninil, pi ivale ; enr. Jan. 2, 1802. 102D REGIMENT. CVPT. n. 31. ELMUltK.S (OMPANY. Boiiker. Eihvaril, :iil seigt; enr. Dee. l.'sKI.I. Ciitiniir, .loll II O., Ttli eoip. ; enr. Jan. 211, 1802. Ci.le, Pliilip, privale; enr. Jan. 2, 1S02. Fenloii, Kle.i/ur. private; enr. Jan. 2, 1862. Ilelelier. Orreii II.. private; enr. Dec. 15, 1801. Clregor, Seliiist an. private ; enr. Jan. lu, 1802. McDoniilil. Wni. Jnlin, piivate; enr. Fed. 1, 1802. CAPT. J. WODDRITF LEWIS' (K) COMPANY. Carlos, EiUvin. :i(leorp. ; enr. Nov. 0, 1801. liacon. Mill! A., 7th eoip.; enr. Oct. 21, ISOl. Keyji, .laeoli, private; enr. Oct. 21, 1801. Mills, Lloj-il, II ivate; enr. Nov. 8, I8lil. Styees, James, private; enr. Dec. :I, 1801. 106TH REGIMENT. CAPT. .TK.^sr COCSWKIJ/S It;) OOMrAXV. Bjisc-uiii, Nflsun, privalf ; t-niv Aug. lil, 1«02. 186TH EEGIM£NT. CAPT. WKLCirs (A) COMPANY. "WeV-h, H. J., capl. ; .-m-. }SGi K'tiimiis. C J . I«t li.-ut. ; enr. 1SG4. M;t«inul'LT, K.. .i'l lu'iit. ; enr. I»(i4. Ash, Uiin«.l, (.triviiti-; uiir. Aug. 17,1804. Ariii->ti-oitg, (ii-urtif, private; enr. Aug. 22. 1861. Iliitly, Y'shnnin, priviU'- ; f nr. .\ug. 20, 1SG4. llnnis, .lamcR, private; enr. Aiir. 17, lSli4. Bence, L>le, pi ivale; enr. An;;. 22. 18U4. lifiice, William, privute; enr. Ang. 2", lfiG4. Il)irn<-8, Homer A., private ; enr. An^. 22. 18G4. Hiii^hris, (Jeorjie, private; enr. Ang. 22,18(14. Bjicliiuiin, (.'hurles, priviite; enr, An{;.22. lS(i4. (\n)per, Abnini 4. Chadwirlc, William, prival'S enr. Aug. 24, I8GI. ("ruwuer, Silaj*. I'rivate; enr. Ang. 24, 18114. Cahhvell, l>e Witt C. priv.ite; enr. Aug. 2.'>, 1804. Doneline, DavitI, private ; enr. Aug. 22, \Hi'A. Farmer, Jani'M, private ; enr. Aug 20, 18G4. Krislel, Francis, private; eni'. Aug. 22, IS64. Farley, Thomas, private; enr. .\ng. 2.'>, lSf»4. Fra-zelle, Reorge. private; enr. Aug. 22. 1804. Graham, Kiiwin. private; enr. Ang. Is, 18(14. liated, Cronson O., private ; eiir. Aug. 2(t, 1804. Gruhani. Samuel, private; enr. Sept, 1, 1864. Unit, Volney O., private; enr. Aug. 17, 1801. Hunt, .\brani K., privale; enr. Aug. 20, 1864. Harris, Chrtrles, private; enr. Aug. 20, 1864. Hiser, I'liilip, i»fivatc: enr. Ang. 22,1864. Hotnies, Theoilore, private; enr. :Uig. 2o, 1864. Hunt, Lueian, private; enr. Aug, 24. 1S64. Johnson, Martin, private ; enr. Aug. 22, 1804. Leonari), Fayette, privale, enr. Ang. 2 1. 1804, Lake, Christnjilier C, private; enr. Aug. 17. 1804, Ijtnipltoar, II. Iv.. private; enr. Ang. 22, 1804. Laniphear, Orin P.. privatp; "iir. .Vug. 22. 1864, NichoLs. J. W.. private; enr. Ang. 2-1, 1804. North. Albert A., private; enr Aug. 2", 1804. Ornieslon, James, private ; enr. .\ug 2:t, 1864. Philip, Kbin, private; enr. Ang, 2(i,lS*U. Salter, Frwleriek. pr.vute ; enr. Aug. 22. 1864. Swirt, Jabex N., privati-; our. Aug. 22, 1864. Snmmons, .Johnson, privale ; onr. Aug. 24, 1864, Steele, Frederick, private ; enr, Ang, '14, 1864 Ta.-ker. ("Irmeiit ».'., juivalo; enr. Ang. 20, 1804, Van Amli'-r. Is. lac, private ; enr. Ang. lii, 18U4. Wilcox. Charh-s. private; enr. Ang. 28. 1804. ' Wll!^ll, James II., privale ; enr. Aug. :i(i, 18(H. Weed, Henry C., private; enr, Aug. 25, 1864. CAPT. E.J. MAItSirs (C) ntMPANV. Marsh. K. Jay. capl. ; enr. Aug. 13. 1K64. Yates. H<-nry, l^t lieut. ; enr. Sept. 7, 1^64, Swan. Kiiwm, 2il lient.; enr. Sept, 7, IS04. Birllelt, John W., private; enr. Aug !.'», 1804. ItaiMliiI. ()r>on. i)rivHte; enr. Aug. 1'.), 1864. Le«is, Charles II., jn ivate ; enr. Aug. 18, 1H64. (Jill. William H.. pnvale; enr. Aui.'. 2.'., 1864. Mn/./v, LawBon It., private; enr. Aug. '!.'>, 1864. Gillelt, Ell S., private; enr. Ang. 2'.» I8(H. SeaniauN. Uei-rge W., privat'- ; enr. Aug, 20, 18(j4. Sniivan, (;e«.rge I)., pr.vate; enr. Aug. IK. 18(4. Greene, Eilward W.. privjite; enr. Aug. 22. I8i;4. Parke, Franklin H., private; enr. Aug. IS, 1S04, Palmer, Juliu;* I.., private; enr. Aug. I."i, 1864. Austin, Palmer, private; enr. Aug. 24, 1804, Atls'-t. Elijah R.. privale; enr. Aug. 24, 1864, Itrown, Itra, 1864. Ilaith'l. Itniton II., private; enr. Ang. 22. 1864, Itahnm, .\loy M., private; enr. Aug 24. is04. Coates, I'aviil ('., privtite- enr. Aug. l.'i, 1864, (/o(in. .luhii II., I'rivate ; enr. Aug. 22, 1S04. Crusby, Kpliiaimr., private; enr, Aug, 22, 1864. Dealing. .Martin E., private; eur. Aug. l.'i, l8lvl. Evans, ('hiiifS T., privale; enr. Ang. 21. 1864. Fowler, Joiin. pr.vate; enr. Aug, 16. 1864. Fiwetl. Aloti/o W., private; enr. Aug. 20, 1864. Gage, William K.. private ; enr. Aug. 2'.i, 1864. Gregory, John K , private; enr. Aug. 2."j, 18W. Green, Kei train S, private; enr. .'Vug. l.'>, 1864. Green. Milo J , I'livale; enr. Aug. 20, 1«04. IIatr..nl, Jacob T,. private ; i-nr. Aug. 2-1. 1864. Ililchci)ck. William, private; enr. Aug. 2!», 1864. Ilinnian, William 11., private; enr. Aug. 2'.>, 1SG4. Jennv, l-ovctt A., private; enr. Aug. 27, 1864. Jayner, Koberl, private; enr. Sept. 2, 1864. Javiier, Alonzo W., private; enr. Ang. 24. 1864. Kilfi-ath'T, William, private; onr. Auu'. 18. 18(U. Loilor, Iliiani U.. private; enr Aug. 24. l'-G4, Lotvv.ll. l);ivi(i. private; enr. .\ng. •j4. 1864. McNi-il, Hoberl, piivale; enr. Ang. 2ri, 1864. MrKie. ri-car U., piivatr-; enr. Aug. 16. 1^64. Morehouse, Warren, private; enr. Sept. 6, 1864. Mai>ih, Luther M., private; enr. Ang. 16, 1804. Slarsli, W.-ilter p., private; onr. Aug. 16, 1804. Norton, William W., private; enr, Aug, 21, 1864. Otiarsnn, Artist W,, private; enr, Ang, 18, 1864, Oatinan, Ilrailfun.1 I)., private; enr. Aug. 2m, 1864. Hamiall, Norman, private ; enr. Ang. :il, 1864. Kolibins, John, private; enr. Sept. A, 1864. Ha-soin, Charles A., private; enr. Aug. 20, 18C4. Shaver, Jacob, private ; enr. Ang. 27, I8(i4. Stiles, Natiian (J., private; enr. Sept. 3, 1864. Treav, Charles J., private; enr. Aug, 2'>, 1801. Viriica, Francis E,, private; enr. Aug, l.'i, 1864. Wagner, James 11., private; enr. Ang, 2:(, 1864. Wbaley, (iiinlner, private ; enr, Aug. 2^1, 1^64. Waitc, Charles 51.. private; enr. Ang. 2.'», 1864. Weaver, Peter, private; enr. Aug, 27, 1804. Wrigh', William IL, private; enr. Ang, 24, 1804. Wilder, Allen J., jirivate; enr. Ang. IS. 1804. CAPT. RICIID R. McMCLLEN'S (I)) COMPANY. Philip-. Augustus J.. 1st lieut. ; enr. Aug, 22, 1864. Staplin. Di-los. 2«l lieut ; enr. Sept. 3, 1864. Adkins, William IL, private; onr. Aug. 2ii, 1864. Adkins, George W,, private; enr. Ang. 2'.i. 1864. Andrew, Mom-,-* J., piiviite; enr, Aug. 18, InOI. Adkins, Thomas S.. private; enr. Sept 4, istH. Arnold, George, private; enr. Aug. 2'.t, IS04. Arnold, Clifton, private; eur. Ang. 29, 1804, Ilnll, Jidinson P., private; enr, Aug. IS, 1804. Hell. Thomas W.. piivate ; enr. Aug. 21), 1804. llogarilus, Edwanl Q., jirivate; enr. Ang. 27, 1864. Iliitt-', Darius, private; enr. Ang. 2',», 1864. Ilezenas, Joel II , private; eur. Sept. 3, 1S64. Butterfiebl, Orin, private ; enr, Aug. 18, 1804. Iloynton. (Jeorge V., private; enr, .^uir. 18, 1804. Bettie. Ilohert, piivate; enr. Sept. 6, ls6L Carl, Danii-1. private; enr. Ang. 17, 1.''61. Clark, Lucius, private; enr. Ang. 18, 1864. Conger. Sipiire C., jirivate; enr. Sejit. 1, 1804. Ctiloii, Justus, Jirivate; enr. Ang. 31, 1^64. Chi-iili, Charles, ptivitle; enr. Aug. 2'.i, 1864. Dubois, Alexander, jirivate ; enr. Sept 3, 1804. Egulesiun. Joel M.. jtrivale; enr. Ang. 3it. I8i4. Earrus, Charles T., privali-; enr. Sejii. 1, 18ti4. Ellis, Walter G., private; enr. Aug 27, !S04. Foi"syth, Joseph, i»rivate; enr. Aug. 2.'*, 18(i4. Gillett, i)onaldson, jirivate; enr. Aug. 27, 1864. Grifliih, Walter, jirivate; enr. Aug. 18, 1864. Golbv, .Io8<'ph, private ; enr. .Viig. 2'i, }HVA. Grunell, George, private; enr. Sejit. 1. 1804. John>^on, Si hi'*, private; enr. Aug. 2'.l, 1801. Johnson, Harlow, jirivate; enr. Sept. 1, lft64. Klock, Henry IL, private; enr. Aug. 23. 1*^64. Kilary, Justin. j>rivate; enr. Ang. 2ii. 1864. Kniusinan, Chai lew, private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1864. Lee, (Jeorge W , j>rivate ; enr. Aug. 23, 186L Luiidon. 1 nmaii, jM'ivate; enr. Xmh. 17. 1804. Ijingeiif -Iter, Charles, jiiivatc; enr. .\ug. 27, 1864. M"sln*r, No; man, piivate; enr. Aug. 21), 1804. Nichols. Howard, private; enr. Aug. 2.*>, 1861. Ostruntlcr, LjiUicR.. private; enr. Aug. 22, 1804. OMaria, Michael, private; enr. Aug, 22, 1864. J'ool, MuiiNoii G , jii ivate; enr. Aug 2i, 18ti4. I'etkins, Charles, private; enr. Aug 2.'>, 18t"4. I'ariish, Charleu II. , privale; enr. Ang. 22, 1864. Petrie, Ileni>, private; i nr. Ang, 27, 1864. Petiit, Adelhiii, private; enr, Ang. 22, 1864. Pntnani, John \\ ., private; enr. Ang. 2.'>. 1864. Putnam, Albert W., private; enr. Ang. 2-'i, 1HG4. Putnam. John, |>riviite; enr. Aiii;. 2'>, 18(>|. Putnam, J., private; enr. Sejit. 4, 1864. Putnam, Jeremiah M., piiviite; eur. Sept. 4, 1864. Raw(k)n, George, j>: ivale; enr. Aug. 26, 1864, Reed, Marcuw, privitte; enr. Aug. I«, 18(;4. Robbiiir«, George, private; enr. Aug. 2o, 1864. Rogers, George, jirivate; enr, Aug 2avid. piivate; enr. Ang, 2il, 1864, Sloat, Edward A,, private; enr. Ang. 20, 1864. Thompson, Jjim1. Watson, Edgar, privale; enr. Sept. 1, 1864. Woobdge, Alfred A., juivate; enr. Sept. 1. 1864. Wernicke, Henry, jirivate; enr. Aug. 22, IK(i4. Wood, John H..Vn^iil<*; enr. Aug. 22, 18(^. Young, Edward, |trivale; enr. Aug. 2.'i, I8(i4, Zeller, John J., jnivate; eirr. Ang. 24, 18(')4. CAPT. LANSING SNELL'S(E) COMPANY. Stiell, Lansing, cajit. Abbey, Al«onp, private; enr. Aug, 29, 18(34. .Mien, Je8 Jill F., |i[ ivate; eur. Aug, 20, 1864 Bahcuck, Gi'oige F., jnivate ; enr. Aug. 2'.i. 1864. Barton, Thomas, juivate; enr. Sept. 3, 18(M. Bunstodt, Charles, jii ivate ; enr. Aug. 2."», 1S64. Bogert. John, jirivate; enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Itartb-tt, Joseph A., private; enr. Aug, 2-'i, 1864. Chase, Enoch M., Jirivate; enr. Sepl. 7, I804. Clia|iman, Khiiiabla W., jirivale; enr. Aug. 21, 1864. Chajiinau, Henry D., jirivale; enr. Sept. 7. 1804. Chapman, George, private; enr, Aug. ;-;0, 1864. Curnwell, Eilwin. private; enr, Ang. 31, 1864, Chiijiman, Josejdi. private; eur. Aug. 3o, 1804, Carlisle, Eber S., private; eur, Aug. 23, 1864. (-'arjienter, James E., juivate; enr. Aug. 3(t, 1864. Curnwell, Nelson M., jirivate; enr. Ang. 2;i, IMlH. Carlise, Eber S.. Jr., privale; enr. Aug, 21, 1804. Cole, (ieorge M , private; enr. SejU. 1, 1804. Dickinson, Heiiiy, jirivate; eur, Aug. 24, 1804. Dajiper, John, jirivate; enr, Aug. 'Zh. 1864. Dailey, Sunou, Jirivate; enr. Ang. 26, 18t>4. Dead, George C, jirivate ; enr, Aug. 2o, 1864. Dickinson, Frederick S.. private; enr. Aug 21, 1864. Dodge, Henry I'., private; onr. Sejit. 1, 1804, Dilliii, Albert, jirivale; enr, Aug. 2'J, 1864, Delmais, Peter, juivate; enr, Aug. 20, 1864. l);iiley, Alon/ii S., j)i ivate; enr. Ang. :tO, 1864. ■ Evans, Albert, private; enr. Aug. 24, 1864. Fredenburgh, James, jii ivate ; enr. .■Vug. 10, 1864. French, George W., private ; enr. Ang. 2o, 1S64. Fnigget, James, jirivate ; enr. Sejii. 1, 1804. Fish, George W., jirivate; enr. Sejit. 1, 1801. Fredenburgh, Albert M., private; elir. .\ug. 29, 1864. Gregerich, John, jirivate; enr. Ang. 31, 1804. Gniliain, James E., private; enr. .\ng 30, l8tV4. Hart. Iliiam, jirivate; enr. Aug. 22, 1864. Hutchinson, Harlow, private; enr. Aug. 31, 1804. Hagan, Jaiues, Jirivale; eur. Aug. 23, 1804. Hall, Meriick, juivate; enr. Aug. 22, 18m. House, Jacb Jr., private; enr, Aug. 20, 1804. Hill, Alliridge, private; enr. Aug. 23, 1864. Ilildieth. Roswell, private; onr. Aug. 31, 1864. Henry, Philiji, jirivate; enr. Aug. 27, 1804. Irvin. Richard A., jirivate; enr. Aug, 20, 1864. Kiiiig, ,\usoii, Jirivate; eur. Aug. 23, 1864. Knight, William M., private; eur. Ang. 20, 1864. La, 1864. Sawyer, Cromwell, jirivate; enr. Aug. 24, 1864. Swan, Alfred, private; eur. Autr, 2-"i, 18(>4. Snell, JereniJaii, private; eur, Aug, 25, 1864, Swartwout, Ile^eekiah, jirivate; eur. Ang. i;2, 1864, Smith. Freeman B., private; enr, .Vug. 20, 1864, Swan. Albert B., private; enr. .Aug, 27,1864, Te-'i>ening, John, priviite ; enr. Aug. 2^1, 1864. T\ler, .James, jirivate; enr. Ang. 10. 18(J4, Thrasher, Geo.ge, private; enr. Aug. 18, 1864, Tayhir, Benjamin, private; enr. Aug, 2-1, 1864. Tuttle, Aaron K , jtr.vate; enr. .\ng. 20, I8li4. Taylor, James A., private; enr. Ang. 22, l8tV4. Watkins, Eraamua D,, private; enr. Sept. 1, 1804. 566 UISTOUY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. White, .lospph P., private; enr. Ang 30, 1061. W;ilr..th, AI..U11-., private; elir. Aug. 2ii, IS04. Wnlnitli, \VutM,ii K., private; enr. Sept. 4, IKO*. Warren, (ii-.trtfe, privnt..; enr .\»g. i'l. Isiil. Waiien, Cliiiles. private: enr. An;;. 1\ l.^M. Walt-, Nelsuti, private; enr. Ana. i", I«04. ■\ViwU, Marsliul W , private; enr. Sept. a, 18G4. DETACIIMKST KORWARDED DY CO. K. Benlun, K. A., private; enr. Sept. 7, ISW. Bull.ick, William \V., private; enr. Aug. ii, 1804. liniinar.l, Henry II., private ; enr. Aug. 17, 1SU4. C.iinJtmk. Elisli.i 1'., plivate; enr. Aug. il, 18M. Fullmer, Theoilore H., l)riviite ; enr. Aug. 21, 1804. Kittirly, Steteelle, pr.vnle ; enr. Aug. I'J. 18C4. Gleu^slier, .luhn, private; enr. Aug. 19, l«f»4. Hilts, GiKirgc W.. private; eiir. Aug. il, 1804. lliiskel, Kmiry, private ; enr. Sept. :l. 1804. II.Hlge, Cliailnci-y !>., private; enr. Aug. 2J, 1864. Hall, Warren W, private; enr. Aug. iJ. 1804 Hall, lieiijaniin C , private; enr. .^ug. 14, 18lH. Heeler, William II., private; cur. Aug. :ill, 1804. Luther, William, private; enr. Aug. £>, 18li4. Lamphere, Eugene, private; enr. Aug. "Jt, 18G4. Jlitiliell, Henry H., private ; enr. Aug. -^4, 1804. N.iah, Pavid. (.rvate; enr. Aug. in, 1*04. Neil, Peter, p ivale; our. .\ug. ii, 1804. Snviler, Murgan, privat"; enr. Sept. II, 1804. Serriee, Charles A., private ; enr. Aug. il, lofrl. Suyiler, Eilwin, piivate; enr. Aug. 24, Iko4 Turtles, Uerm liu, privmo; enr. Ang. fl, I8G4. While, Eilwaiil, pr vate ; enr. Aug. il, 1801. Winner, Daviil, private; enr. Aug. 22, 1804. Wiiiiil, Arniill \Ve!.«t..r. private; enr. Aug. 22, 1804. WilKiu.;liliv. I.eaiiiler. piivat..; enr. Ang. bl, 181.4. Warner, W'illiain W., private; eur. Aug. 28, 1801. OAPT. PASIEL B. ROOP'S (II) CO.MI'ANY. B'.oil, Paniel B, eapl. ; enr. 1804. Cutler, (trv.lle L., id lieut.: enr. Aug. 17, 1804. Allen, Aiuwi K., private; enr. Ang. 2:1, 1801. Allen, Allred T., private; enr. Aug. 2 i, 1804. Andrews, Cliarleii, private; enr. Aug. 22, 1804. llarher, Tlnmms J , private; enr. Aug. 2'J, 1804. narllell, .1 leoli A., privat ■ ; enr. Ang. 18. 1804. lleiiwiv, Zilia, private; enr. Ang. 2.''>, 1804. Campli.-ll. William A , private ; enr. Aug. IS, 1804. Campbell, Hiram K., private; enr. Aug. 20, 1804. (jirter, Charles 1)., private; enr. Aug. il, 1804. Cuurta. Nieliidas, private; enr. Aug. 2:1, 1804. i:|ark, Patrick, private ; eur. Aug. 21, 1804. Kit/patriek, Celestia, private; enr. Aug 2(1,1804. Hewilt, Clark J., private ; enr. .\u'i. :lil, 1804. Hewitt, li iirg" I) , priv.ite; enr. .\ug. 17, 1804. HungiTford, Miirr s C., private; enr. Aug.2i, 1801. HainUMnd, Chester, private; eur. Ang. 2:!, 1804. Kimhall, (ieorge W., private; enr. Aug. 17, 1804. I'ciwell, .lames A., private; enr. Aug. 2:1, 1804. Puller. Meriitt, private; eur. Aug. 2), 1»IV4. Selluk, Edgar A., private ; enr. Aug. 2.'), 18il4. Van Pelt, Spencer S., private; enr. .\ug. 24, 1804. Wiekea, .lames, private; inr. Aug. 22, ISM. Wculworth, Elijah M., private; enr. Aug. 24, 1804. Wheelock, Edward W., jirivate ; enr. Aug. 30, 1864. CAPT. CHARLES S. MLSGER'S (I) COMPANY. Bc-t, George, private; enr. Ang. 2.'>, 1864. Ooniwell, Peinaslis, private; enr. Aug. 27, 1804. Pinhani, Oa.ai, pr.v.ite; enr. Ang. 19, 1804. Durliani, Henry I)., private; enr. Ang. 19, 1801. Kl r, Klien, priv.ite; enr. Aug 18, 1801. Klnnder, Reuben W., private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1801. Haniiiioud, llraltnn W., p'ivate; enr. Aug. 10, 18G4. Keisel. Aibini. private; enr. Aug. 2.'., 18IH. Miller. William II , private; enr. Ang. 18, 1804. Marsh, J.imes, private; enr. Aug. 24, I8IH. Manili. Daniel, private; enr. Aug. 29, 1804, llobertson, Charkii C, private; eur. Aug. 17, 1804. CAPT. JOSHUA M. MANSFIELD'S (K) COMPANY. Hoes, .lames G., 2il lieut. ; enr. Aug. 181V4. t'nry, .liiliu. private; eur. Aug. 19, 1804. B'lWe, Tliiuiias C, private ; enr. Aug. 10, 1804. Spenre , Pliilauder A., private; enr. Aug. 2ll, 1804. Tripp, Scrauiiis II., private; enr. Aug. 10, 1804. 193D EE3IMENT. COMPANY 0. Alhecker, .laculi, private; our. Mar. 20, 180."i. Berry, Paniel C., piivato; enr. Mar. 14, 1805. Butlerllel.l, Janes B., private; enr. Mar. I.i, 180.i. Chi'lest.r, Paviil, pr.vate; enr. \\, IM,.-.. Es^eWvii. Jnliii It., priv.ite ; em. Mar. 14, I80.'i. Ealy. William H., private; enr. Feb. 18, I8I1.,. Kilw,ir.l«, Tlii.uias, private; eur Apr. :1. 18l,.>. Gadiles, W.lliam, private; •. Mar. 14, l»0.i. Hunt, J-diii, private; enr. M-ir. 14, 1805. llo.ie Peter, piivute; enr. Feb. 14, 180.'». King, William R., private; enr. Miir. I , 180.1. Lniid.in, tle.irge A., private; enr. Mar. 1.1, 18U). Marvin, Simiiel, piivate; eur. Mar. 28, ISOfl Niirlhri>|., William, private; eur. April .'., l8Co. Dflin, lleiij iinin, private: eur Mar. 2, 18i'>.'>. INitter, Aniii.*, private; enr. >Iar. l."», I8O.1. Renier. Geiirge. private; enr. M ir. !.'•, ISlW. H.iwe, Franklin, jiiivate ; eur. Mar. 4, ISU'i. Rowe, Timiithv, .Ir., private ; enr. Mar. 4. 1805. II.P1U, N ■rinanW , pr.vale ; eur. Mar. 0, 1805. Siiilh, lloraie, jrivate; eur. Feb. A'l, 1805. Tiuiiiw in, John, private ; enr. Mar. 17, 180 p. W..st, Andrew J., p-lvate; enr. Mar, 20, 1805. V.irk, Eilson P., private; our. Mar. 14, 180.'). COMPANY H. Arnold, George W., (irivate ; enr. Mar. 24, ISM. Anderson, Rsiyner E., private: eur. Mar. 15, 1865. ljigiie.js, Zebhy, private; vm\ Mar. 14, 1865_ Biittuu, Darwin, private ; enr. Mar. 20, 1865. Bniwii, John, piivate; cur. Feb. 21, 180.".. Itenett. Tliom;iS B., pi ivate ; enr. F<.b. 17, lS6.i._ Bingham, James H., private; i-nr. Mar. 10, 1805. Biussetl, James C, private ; eur. Jlar. 4, 1805. Craig, Henry, private; enr. Mar. :i. 180.'). Carter, Daniel, private; enr. JIar. 4, 1861. Chase, Willis B , private; enr. Mar. 10, 1805. Chase, John, private; enr. M.ir. 14, ISlVi. Dillon, Thoiiuv. private; enr Mar. 20, 1805. Klanigan, Tlioiuas, private; enr. Feb. Ill, 1805. Flaherty, ttwcn. private; eur. Feb. 20, 1861. Franklin, Willinln. piivate; enr. Feb. 14, 1805. Forii, .\nilres, private; enr. Fell. 28, 1805. Fris/.ell, Piiiiel. private; enr. Mar. 7, 1805. (;illespie, Svlvaiiins, private; enr Mar. 6, 180.->. Godanl, Leivis W., private; eur. Feb. il. 180,1. Gonlilthral, Beuoni, private; enr. Mar. 1.1, ISG5. Hall, Thomas, private; eur. Mar. 22, 1801. Hunter. Eugene, private; enr. Feb. 14, 1805. Henry. Theodore, private ; eur. Feb. 25, 1805. Hammond, Lewis, private; enr. Mar 22, 1805. Ilibbaril. Hem in A., private; enr. .Mar. 21, 1805. Havs, Jidin, private ; enr. Jlar. :l, 1805. Hollywood, William, private ; enr. March 20. 1805. Inge'rson, ()-car T.. private ; enr. Feb. 25, 186.1. Jodd, I.avil 1, private; enr. Feb. 7, 180.1. Knapp, lleiirv, private ; enr. Mar. 7, 1805. Lunn.-y, John, private; enr. Mar. 21, 1805. Laport'ni, Joseph, private ; enr. Star. 0, 180i. Lawb.ii, Melviii, priv.ite; enr. Mar. 11, 180.1. Lamener, David, private; enr. Feb. 2.1, 1865. Moran, John, private; enr. Feb. 27. 1801. Meyers, Isaac, private ; enr. Feb. 21, 1805. Mar-hill, Joseph, private; enr. Mar. 14, 1805. McCann, Patrick, private; enr. Mar. 20, 1805. Pettv, Peter, private; enr. Mar. 15, 1865. Pr tiie, Thomas, private; enr. Feb. 16, 1861. Prittie, J.-hu, private; enr. Feb. 16, 186:1. R.ach, Thomas, private; enr. Mar. 14, 1865. Rivera, Alexander, private ; eur. Mar. :i, 1805. 1 Roiuain, Charles, private; enr. Feb. 17, 180.1. Rn-lnw, Thonuus, private; enr. Mar. 15, 1805. Ruslow, Joseph, iivhate; eur. Mar. 1 i, IS05. Robenson. Andrew J., pr.vate; enr. Mar. 15, 1805. Rea, William J., private ; eur. Mar. 9, 1865. Rounds, /,enas M.. private; enr. JIar. 28, 1865. Shoen, Ilenry, private; enr. Mar. 9. 1805. Sanborn. Edward, private; enr. Mar. 9, 1865. Stniit, Oreii C, piivate; enr. Mar. 9, 186.1. Socket, Hoswell. private; eur. Feb, 17, 1865. Slack, Walter, private; eur. Mar. 15, 1805. Siinman, Tho-iias, private ; enr. Mar. 21, 1805. Steward, David, private; enr. M irch 20, 1805. To'dn, Martin, private; enr. Blar. 14. 1865. Taft. Braiu;ird S., private ; enr. Feb. 19, lS(i5. Townsenit, Julius S., private; eur. Feb. 21, 1865. Truman, Evan, private; enr Mar. 8, 1805- Vaii Camp, David, private ; enr. Feb. 28, ISC'). Washer, Joseph F., private; enr. Mar. 2:i, 1865. West. Matthew E, private; enr Mar. 11, 1861. Whitiker, Ervin, private; ear. Feb. 27, 1865. Wollord, Christoplier, |.rivale; enr. JIarili_24, 18G5. Yemo, Joseph, private; enr. Mareli I:i, I8(vi. Zimuieron, Eugene, private; enr. JIarch 0, 1&65. 1ST CAVALRY. CAPT. JAMES CROMWELL'S (D) COMPANY. McCailley, Thomas, uius. ; enr. Oct. 4, 1801. CAPT. JOHN W. nORRS (E) COMPANY. Ash, William, farrier; enr. Oct. 11, 1861. (Jowan, Edwin R., private; enr. Oct. II, 1801, Crosselt, George, piivate; enr. Oct. 22, 1801. Howell, Nelson, private; enr. Oct. 11, 1801. Illingsworlh, Alfred E., private; enr Oct. II, 1801. Mi'Cauna, Patriik H., private; our. Oct. II. 1801. McCollops, Samuel M., private ; enr. Oct. 11, 1801. Nevills, James C, private; eur. Oct. 11, 1801. Sherman, Henry, private; enr. (Jet. 11, 1801. 2D lEd HARRIS GUARDS (6TH CAV.) CAPT. WILLIAM E. IIARD.SLBYS COMPANY. Phelps, Edwanl II., far. A black. ; em. Sept. 1:1, 1861. Fergerson, James, private; eiir.Sept. 21, 1861. Fryer, Richard B., private; enr. Sept. 18, 1801. Polaskie, Edwanl. private; enr. Sept. 21, 1801. H'lrton, .\uilrew. private; enr, Sept. 18, 1861. Horton, Biley E.. private; enr. .-ept. 18, 1861. Byder, Walter, private; enr. Sept. 18.1861. York, Ed.son D.. private; enr. Sept. 24, 1801. Y>-rk, Horace J., |ii ivate; eur. .^epl. 21, IsOI. IITH CAVALRY (SCOTT'S 900). CO.MPANY H. Afforler, Frederick, Corp.; enr. Jan. :il, 1862. Potter, Cleveland, Corp. ; enr Jan. :ll, 1862. Pitt, John, corp ; eur. Jan. ;n, 1802. Cummiugs, PaliieU, pi ivale; enr. Jan. 13,1862. 30TH CAVALRY. CAPT. JAS. p. PATTERSON'S (II) COMPANY. Baird, Ilenry, Olli scrgl. ; enr. July 5, 1861. Neville, George, 4tli Corp. ; cur. July 8, l.Sti3. Mair, Elvrard, 5tU (»rp.; enr. July 24, 1803. Flvun, Patrick, 6tli curp ; enr. June 27, 1863. Allen, Jt>s -ph, private ; enr. Juno 24, 180:1. Bassinger, Willi am, private; eur. July 9. 1803. Bigelow, .lohn, private; eur. July 7, 18.1:1. Browu. .loliu, private; enr. July II. 1801. Bontwell, Euos E, private; enr. July 18, 1863. Caullielil, Patrick, private; eur. July 10, 1803. Doty. George, private; eur. July .1. 1861. Flviin, -lohn, private; enr. July 16, 1801. Flynn, Michael, private; enr. July 18, 1803. Ijiwton, Theodore, private; enr. .Iillio 9, 1863. Montanilo. Duff, private; eur. July 7, 180:1. Porch, William, private I eur. July 9, 1801. Sluilb, Kicharil, private ; eur. July .1, LSfll. Williams, W illiaul A., private; eur. July 9, 1865. CAPT. WM. P. HALLETT'S(I)COMPANY. Manigold, Peter, private ; eur. .\ilg. '25, |S0:l. Tanner. Milo J., private ; enr. Sept. 1, 180 1. Wells, Robert, privaR' ; cur. Aug. 29, 1863. 18TH CAVALRY. CAPT. WARRKN' S SMITH S illl CllMPANY. Smith, W'arren S., cipt ; enr. Aug. 10, 1863. Kelts, John H., 1st lieut.; enr. Aug. 10, 18BI. (^ummings, Albert, 'id lieut. ; enr. Aug. 10, 1863. Clark, Geoigo P., eur. Aug. 24, 180:1. McNiel, Floyd A , eur. Aug. 10, 186!. Danahy, Paniel, enr. Aug. 10. 186:1. Clark, Janus, enr. Aug. 13, 186:1. Ferguson, Charles J., I'ur. Aug. 12, 1863. Washburne, Alolizo. enr. Aug. 21, 1861. Ilaminoud. Alvaro. enr. Aug '27. 1801. Dodge, Lewis T., eur. Aug. 27, 1S6:J. Lane, William, eur. Sept. 7. 1803. Tavbir. Allen, enr. Aug. '211, 186 1. Gayer, Richard, eur. Aug. 1.1, 1861. Kevser, Pelevan J., eur. .\ng. 27, 1863. McNeil, Oren S., enr. Aug '22. 1863. Ivorv. Joliu W., enr. .\ug. 2'2, 1863. Waffle, J.imes, cur. Aug. 5. 1801. Prato, George, enr. Sept. 14, 1861. Waffle, William, eur. Aug. .1, 1801. Ansliii, Freeman, pr.vate; enr. Sept. 21, 1863. Banks, Lewis P., private; eur, Sept. 28, 1863. Bl.iir, Willis J , private ; cur. .Vug. 14, 1801. Burns, Edward, private; eur. Sept. 25, 186:1. Baioii, Geoige W., private; enr. Aug. 27, 1863. Barber, Frederick, private ; enr. Aug. 15, 1863. Bowman, Charie-, private; eur. Aug. '2", 1861. Davenport, Edwin, private ; enr. Sept. 28, 1803. Demell, Fred. E., private; eur. Aug. 31, 18(>:i. Corev, William C, private; enr. .\ug. 21, 186:1. Coni'ns, Alonzo, privat-; enr. Aug. 11, 1863. (Jarr, Smith, private; enr. Aug. 14, 180S. Cataract, James, private; eur. Sept. 14, 186:1. Ferrill. Peter, pi ivalo ; enr. Aug. M, 186:1.^ Fairmau, Nelson, private; enr. .\ng. 7, 1863. Garri.son, Peler, private; eur. Aug. 14, 186:1. Gardner, Richaid, private ; enr. Aug. 15, 1803. Graves, Lysander, private; eur. Aug. '2'i, 1863. Iliiies, John, private; enr. .\ug. 31, 186:1. JacksDn, James II., private ; enr. Ang. :ll, 1803. Kellogg, Eli, private; enr. Sept. 28, 180:1. La Breck. Joseph, private ; enr. An-'. 31, 186:1. Lashar, Edwiu S., private; enr. Aug. 15, 1863. Lowery, James, private ; enr. Ang. 12,1861. Lonctol, Alphonso, private; enr. .-iept. .1, H'03. Maxwell, William, private : cur. Ang. 19, 1861. Morcier, F. St. Fnincis, private; enr. Ang. 9, 1863. Malier, Martin, private; enr. Aug. In, 1861. Moffalt, Tlionias, private; eur. Aug. 7, 180:1. McBride, Thomas M.. private; eur. .\ng. 27, 1803. McVaugh, James, private; enr. Aug. 11, 18(H. Nash, George A., private; enr. Aug. 2.1, 1801. Nellis, Janus, private ; enr. Aug. 18, 186:1. Norris, Thomas, private; enr. Aug. IS, 1863. Norris, John, private; eur. Aug. 18, 1801. Bipley, Josiah, private; eur. Sept. '28, 1803. Siiuiison, James I., private; enr. Aug. 1.1, 180:1. Servia, Henry, private; enr. Aug. ill. 180:l. .shew, William, private: enr. Aug. 15, 1803. Steadinau, John D., prnale; enr. Aug. '2(1, 1803. Thompson, Williain. ]>rivate; enr. Sept. '22, 18(tt. Wood, Benjamin V., piivate; cur. Aug. '24, 180:1. Wooilard, Geoige O., private ; eur. Aug. '25, 18(.:1. Winche.-tor, Merritt, private; enr. Sept. II, 1863. CAPT. BROCK IIOLST L. POWERS' COMPANY. Barlow. Eli, private; enr. Nov. 2, 180.3. Knight, Kr.derick, private; eur. Nov. 1.1, 180:1. Loouiis. Frederick, private ; eur. Nov. Ill, 186:1. Russell. R ihal-il. pr vate ; eur. Nov. 3, 1861. Russell, Ithniei. private; eur. Nov. 14, l^iB. Kiveis. Tl hire, private; onr. Nov. 2, 1801. Rogers, Miles v., private; eur. Sept. 2'<, 18(.:l, Thiiuisou, Jiillies. private; enr. Nov. 14, 18i'..t. Wint.-rs, Elijah, private; enr. Nov. 18, 180:1. CAPT. WILLIAM DAVIS' COMPANY. Becker, Charles I... private ; enr. Nov. 3, 1803. Barn lid; llarthtt. private; enr. Dec. 12, 1863. Biweii, Francis, private; enr. Dec. II, 1363. Clyde. Charles, private; enr. Dec. 4, I80:l. Elliott, Andrew, private; eur. Dec, 4, 18B1. Heath. Calvin, private; enr. Dec. 7, 186:1. Jiiii.-, .sheldeii. private; enr. Dec, 8, IS61. Mc(;uire, John. privat." ; enr. Nov. 14, 1803. Place, Ferdiuaud, private; enr. Dec. 2,1863. CAPT. JOSEPH L. SIMPSON'S (L) COMPANY. Simiwoii, Joseph II., aipt.; cur. Jan. 30, 1804. HISTORY OF JKFFEKSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 5G7 FhUa, Ira J., iJit Bcrjit. ; enr. Dec. SO, 1863, KviiiiB, Clniiiii, q m.-wrpt. ; eur. Nov. 2H, 1863. Wilrox, Miles S., ciini.-«fr»;t. ; crir. IHt. 17, 1803. AVorthiTiK'oli. HMijiuiiin, Hec. 2a, 18(53. I>e Mart*c, Ilfiny, tiiiTier; enr. Dec. '22, 18ti3. Itiifll, Kohrit, i-iiviUe; ciir. Dec. 17, 18t!3. ll.own, .I.-lin, i.ii\;itr; enr. .liin. 1, 1SC4. Hiirnett, William, priviite ; «iir. I»i-c. 21. 180:1. run.. 11, WiJIiaiii, [.rivjitc: enr. I><-c. 17, 1^63. Ihintlv. MuvMu.i. i.rivHte; eiir. Dee. ]8. I«(i3. Jliiinlui, .IiMiirs M., i.iiviite; enr. Dec. HI, 18(i3. .)e(*siuan, Friimis, private; enr. Dec. 21, lS(j3. J^hn^^»n. UMIinni, iHivute; enr. Dec. 30. 1863. Milsyn, Alltcrl, private; enr. Dec. 2i», 1803. Wright, Seaman, private; i-nr. Dec. 14, 1803. 20TH CAVALRY. CAl'T. CHAltl.KS F. SMITH'S COMPANY. Smith, ClmrleB F., capt. ; enr. Sej.l. 3, \iHX,\. Leunuid, Freileiick M., 1st. lienl. ; enr. Sept. .3, 1863. Aveiy, iSitiniiel I., pt ivate ; enr. Anj:. 18, l8tki. l*<».-8unt, Leaniler K . private ; enr. Jul> 'J, 1803. Diinihnni, Loriti (>., priviite; enr. Aiik- 7, 18(i3. Burton, William, piivate ; enr. July 22, lst;;l. ItuHSunt. Fifilfii>-k, private ; enr. Aug. 2.'i, I8G3. Cottrel, Charles, piivate; enr. July IJ*, luiiJ. I)niper, CliaileH, piivale ; enr. July 7, UOi. Fuller, JaMies F., private; enr. July 11, lh6;J. F*ili«r, ,luhn, piivale; enr. Aug. 2(5, I8li3. OuiitleuMUKh, .Milton il., private; our. Aug. 24, 18G3. lugntham, Siiueun, private ; enr. June 31), I8G:J. Lanioiik, .John, piixate; enr. Aug. 7, 18)13. Lampliear. NelB.Hi W., private; enr. Aug. 2.'i, 18G3. Miller, Kussell A., private; enr. Aug. 17, IbiW. iMilh-i, Milton H., private ; enr. Aug. 17, 18tl3. MiDonal.l, Kamlle, private; enr. July 24,1863. Niihli'-, .loliii. private; enr. Au^. 25, ISill. Tarker, Ltnrin I*., I'r.vnte; enr. July 2.*>, 1863. lliickwuocl, Fi-rnamJo L., private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1863. Spahimg, lleorge, private; enr. Aug. 1, 18113. Shatlnv. TlmniaH, private; enr. July 13, 1803. Slowel.'Klias H., private; enr. July 25, 1863. SheUIt-ri, Kiliuon J., private; enr. July 2.'), 18G3. Seeley, Cliailes, pr.vate; enr. Aug. 17, 1863. Siowel, Gi'orgy H., private; enr. Aug. 2i, 1863. CAPT. JOHN O'lIARRA'S (Bj COMPANY. O'llarra, John, cnpt.; onr. Sept. 3, 1803. Allen, Ueuige W., private; enr. July ti, 1S63. Allen, Harvey J., |>rivate; enr. July 27, 1863. Ault. Oaviil, private; enr. July 3, lMi;(. Ault, .Inines, private; enr. Aug. 22, I8f>i. Amis, Heiny, private ; eni'. Atig. :i4, l86;i. Ainniit, ileorge, private; enr. Aug. 2'2, 1N63. Beattie, William M., piivate; enr. July 3, 18G3. Baldwin, Sidney D., private; enr. July 6, lft63. Bruwn, Aino!», private; enr, June 22, 1863. Baity, Frederick, private; enr. July H. 1863. Barney, Dehts A., private; enr. Aug. 1, 1863. Cadweil, Holcunili, piivate; enr. Aug. 2, 1^(W. Clatlin, Newell B., private; enr. Aug. In, 1863. Convei^e, tJnrdon T., pnvute ; enr. Aug, 2(», 1863. Cumhinan. Chmle.-*, private; enr. Aug. 211, 1863. Cmwlnid, Morriii, juivate; enr. July 3, 1863. Oostello, .hmies, private; enr. July 20, 1863. Cleary, John J., private ; cur. Aug. 2.'i, 186 J. Donaldson, Henry, pr.vate; enr. July 2r>, 1!'G3. Dcnni.suii, Charles E., priviile; enr. July ;», 1863. l)ingnien, Daniol, private; enr. July 1, isti-t. Durliam, C'hauncey, private; vnr. Aug 2'i, 18G3. EllMworth, William H., pr.v.ite; enr. July 2", 1863. Eninion", Samuel M., pi ivute ; enr. July 27, 1863. Forward, Mamein, private; enr. Aug. 6, 1863. Fall. Samuel, private; enr. Aug. 24, 186.J. Fecker, Andtuw, jirivale ; enr. Aug. 27, 1863. Fecker. Oeurge, private; enr. Aug. 27, 18(i3. Fenton, Eleazer, private; enr. July 2o, 186.3. Farrell. Patrick, piivate; enr. July 8, 1863. Flack, John, private; enr. Aug. 8, 1863. tiuernsev, James O.. private ; enr. Aug. 1, 1863. (;|oyd, ("harh-s K., private; enr. Aug. 24, 186 t. Hendei-stui. Hirani, private; enr. July 27, l«6;t. Holvwarth. Chiinlian, pr.vate; enr. Aug. 24, l86;i. Hirt, William, private; mr. July 17. l»^6.t. Hardie, John, i>rivate : enr. June '.:4, 1863. Horner, .hdm, private ; enr. July 2, 1^63. Jetlers, Orville, private; enr. July H, 186;*. lieuiiaril, Charles, private; enr. July 4, 186 1. Lemniiiii, Levi, piivate; enr. .Aug. 2.», 1863. Laill-I, Jiide A., pr.v.ite ; enr. Auir. 27, 1H63. Lane, Stephen ti., privat-': enr. Aug. 1:4, 186.1. Bee, Jaiiie- A., private ; enr. July 6, 1863. MaiHn, Michael, private; enr. June 3n, 18ftl. aiar>hall. Kdniipud, private; enr. Aug. Ti, 18(3. Munnt. W'll^Mii, private; enr. Aug. 2o, 1863. Malone. Henry, private: enr. July 1, 1863. WcUmber, Ceorge, private; enr. Aug. 4, 1.^63. Marks, Frank, piivate: enr. Aug. ."i, 1863. McNeil. Denioiit. private; enr. July 2.'>. 186.3. Parnahm, (ieorge, private ; enr. July 14.1863. I'limer, Joseph, juivate; enr. .Inly II. 1.N63. Betrie, Thomas, private; enr. Aug. ^7. I^r.l. Potter, S\lvester D.. private; enr. Aug. 2!», 186:1. Repvfs. .\!/aphin B.. private; enr. July 2n, 1863. Bice, W.lliam M., private; enr. July 7, l.-^t^t. Kol>in«, Kiig.-ne, private; i-nr. Aug. I, 1863. lletl.Julin, pr.vate; enr. July 2T, I8ti:j. B-hins, Frank, priv.tte; enr. Aug. ill. 1863. Kaltei, Kdward, private; enr. Aug. 17, ISl^J. Stark wealher, Henry, private; enr. Ang. 7, 1863. i-tilett, ficorgp, piivale; enr. Aug. 1, 1863. Srott, l»avtd, private; enr. July o. lS6;t. Stokes, JoBeph. private ; enr. Aug. 24, 1863. Smith, CorneliuB, private; enr. Aug. 24. 1863. Tyler. Heluit. private; enr. Ang. 4. 1S(;:( Thomas, Jnlm, private; enr. Aug. 22. 1863. Van H.Mt^er. Juhn P.. private; enr. July 16, 1863. Van Allen, Cliitilcs. priviile; etii . .Inly 2.'', Isihj. Van .\llen, Jiilin, private; enr. July 1«, luf^i. Wiilianw, J>'hii, piivate: enr. July" I, 1mk{. Weld', Hiil-erl L., piivate ; cm. July 6, ls(}:t, CAPT. JOHN CLDWOUTH'S COMPANY. Cudwortli, John, capt.; enr. Sept. 3, 186.3. McAllaster, William P., 1st lieul.; enr Sept. .3, 1R6.3. Bytlor, William Krecl., 2d lient.; enr. .*tept. 3, iMkJ. .\naldi'. 1,'vi F., hvrtiX. ; enr. Ang. 4. 1863. Ihiiwn. William li,, private; enr. July 2I>. I86:i. Brown, Haivey (;.,pri\ale; enr. Aug. 2o, 1m;3. Beadle, .Inhii, privdte; enr. .\ug. l.*>, iNt^i, Harnett, Benjamin F., Hergt. ; enr, .\ug. 1*», 1863. Ci'o>s. Samuel P., piivate ; enr. .Inly 1 1, I^^ht. Cox, ThoniMB, piivate ; i>nr. July IS. lMi3. (Iiaumont, Leuis, private; enr. July 1, 186.3. Cnihh, .Viirton D , private ; enr. Ang. 4. IK63. Cuok, Williani II., piivnle; enr. July 31, I8G:I. C*Mik, nenrv. piiviite; enr. Aug. 4, 1x63. Class, William, private; enr. Ang. 31, 1863. Crow den, JiinieH, private; enr. Aug. 2", 1863. Chswi'II, Tlmninn, sergt. ; enr. July 2."), 1863. Christian, Henry L., tird, ser^t. Deiiii, Cliurh'i-, private; onr. Ang. 12, 1863. Diiy, Nels'in V.. private; enr. Aug. 17, 1863. Dilienheck, John, private; enr. Aug. J7, T 63. Dunlap, Samuel, private; enr. Aug. l:i, 1863. Diai'ei, Kdnioml, private ; enr. .Aui:. 12, 1863. Davis. JanieH. piivate; enr. Aug. 1.% 1863. Dowlin, Juseph. piivate ; enr. 1863. Karl, Homer, privuto; enr. Ang. 31,1^63. Flick, Alexander, private; enr. Ang.2I, 1863. Furlony, ThomnB, roip. ; etir. Aug. l/i, 1863. tintes, Charlert, private; onr. Aug. l.""!, 1863. CJiUeit, Frank, private; enr. Ang. 20, l8t;3. (Jardner, .lames G,, coi p. ; enr. Aug. l.'i, 1863. Oillett, <.ieoige, private: enr. ,\ng. 1, 1863. Hunt, .loliii, private; enr. Ang. 17. 186*. Hunt, Henry, private ; enr. .Xug. 27, ls63. links, William, iirivate; enr. Aug. 20, 1>G3. Housi-, Juhii M,, private; enr. .\ng. 2n, 1863. Hancm k, l.utliei J., private ; enr. Aug. 1.'), 1863. Harris, William II., private; enr. Aug. 14. I8ti3. Holme.-'. (Jeorge H.. coip. ; enr. Aug, l.'i, 1863. House, Cliarles, private; enr. Aug. 18. \nG3. Klock, Lewi", piivale; enr. Auu. 2-'J, 1863. Lany, Itoger, i)rivale ; enr. Aug. lo, 1863. Lain, Wesley, piivate; enr. Aug. 15, 1861. Lennix, Alfred, wagoner; enr. Aug. 16, 1^63. McCunnell, Julin, sergt.; enr. July 3, D>6:i. Muckle, Jidin J., hugler ; enr. July 27, 186:*. McCidh-m, Fnmcis, private; enr. Aug. 1, 1863. Mclntyre, Newlun, private; enr. Aug. 3, 1H63. Moshtpr, (.'( arleri F., juivate; eiir. Aug. l.">, I.Kii;(. Mclntyre, Christ. ipher. jirivate; enr. .\ug.7, 1863. Murphy, lten.iamiii, private; enr, Aug. 12, 186.1. McDaiiielp, Cliarles, private; enr. Aug. 11, 1863. Manchester, Charh-s, piivate; enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Meluiiz, Jcdin, private ; enr. Aug. 28, 1863. Jlyers, August, private; onr. 1863. Orini'^ton, Tlionia-^, private ; enr. Ang. 2ti, 1863. Puwei-s, Morris, private: eur. Aug. 24. I86;t. Palmer, Jaiiien 11., private; enr. Aug. 7. 1863. Perrigo, .hdin, private : enr. Aug. 8, 1863. Perri;:o, Henry, private; enr. Aug. 8, 18C»:J, Prindell, Nelson, com. sergt. ; enr. July 1, 1S63. Byan, Stephen, private; enr. June 24, 1863. Bfidstlale, .lamed, private ; enr. Aug. l.i, 1863. BuHsel. William II., private; enr. Ang. 1, 181^.3. Huiiyer. Charles, private; enr. Aug. 1o, 1863. Kohh, Walt'-r, ii.m.-S'-rgt. ; enr. July 16, 186:J. Smith, William, private ; enr. Aug. 2ii, 1863. Stanton. Henry M.. private: enr. 1863. 8prngue, Murcellns, private ; enr. Aug. 13, 1863. Sprague, Levi, private; enr. Aug. l.'i, 18113. Siiuninnds, LalayelteM., saddler; enr. July 3, 1863. Se.MiK'ur, Levi, private; enr. July 31, 1S63. Smith, Wrils B., private; enr. Aug. 4, 1863. Siiell, Duaiie, piivate; enr. Aug. 15, 186:1. Smith. .lames, private ; eiir. June 24, 18(bi. Spiakrr. W.lliam J., ci.ip. ; Aug. U, iStiA. Trnml.iill. Charles, piivate; enr. Ang. l.\ 186.3. Trnman, James F., private; enr. July 2."i, 1863. Tail, Thomas, privjile; enr. July 16, i8i;3. Taylor, Henr> L'., private; enr." Aug. 18, 1863. Van Duseii, Charles H., private; enr. Aug. 1,1863. Van Namee, William 1'., Corp. ; enr. July 2, 1863. Welch. Osuian, sergl. ; enr. Aui.'. 8, 186.1. Wright. Henry J., cnrp ; enr. July Id. 1863. Wtuid, Alon/(i, pnvat'*: enr. Aug. n, 1863. Wright, SaiiUud, private; enr. Aug. 18,1863. CAPT. JACOB S. GATKS' (D) COMPANY. Gates, Jacoh .**.. capt.; enr. .\ug. 3, 186t. Joy, Seynemr H., I.stseigi.; enr. Aug. 12, 186.3. Bandall, Will. H., enr. Aug. 12, 18(>(. Cook, H..i:(ce S., ..nr. Aug. 24, l8i;3. nn.wM, tJeorge M., eiii. July 31, 1863. Curii^, Honitio (t., enr. Aug. 2-*, 1861. Hull, AuKtin W., . nr. Aug. II, 186:1. O'Coiiner, John, enr. Aug. in, I>63. Rnshn-ll, Lester, enr. .\ng. 1!(, 1S63. Woidever, .lolin, i-nr. Aug. lu, 1,*'63. Noyes. Fr--d., enr. July ',). 186-t. Hall, Uiilns C , enr. Ang, '.i, 1863. Schnmi, William H., enr. Au;:. 26, 1863. .\ds.t, Daniel C.,enr. Aug. 6, 1863. Baldwin, De|pvnn R., trnmppter; enr. Ang. ^S, 1863. Ilorlon, Cliarle-, trumpeter; enr. Ang. lit, 1863. J'dinrion, Levi, riirritT; enr. Aug. 11, l86:t. Wood, Iti-n.ianiin U.. larr:er; enr. Aug. 2.''», 1863. Allen, Lewis W , private; enr. Ang. I.', 1863. -Vyer, Henry, private; enr. Ang. 24. 186:1. Arnold, Jacnh, private ; enr. Ang. 21(. iKrkt. Bacon, All.ert, private; ear July 0. 1863. Poiilyrr, W itiiam. private ; enr. July 21. 1863. Brunuui, .loseph M., private; enr. iMIt. Biriiey, Michael, private ; t-nr. Aug. 4, 1S63. Itubhey, (Jn-tave, private; enr. Ang. Tt, 1861, Boivy. Andrew F.. pr vat-- ; enr. Aug. 14. 186.3. Burton, Milvm T.. pi Ivate; enr. Aug. 24. 186:*. Bicknell. John, private ; enr. Aug. 24, lHi:i. Blarknier, Hiiain. ptivate; enr. Aug. 24, 186.3. Cronk, Uith»nl, piivate; enr. Ang. 10. 1863. Cornwall, K/.ra H., private; enr. July :j(t, 1X6.3. Crunk, Will. am, private; enr. .\ug. in, l8f».L Clark, Cliarlef<, private; enr. Aug. 8, IH63. Cook, Menonis F., private; enr. Aug. 21. 1863. Caipenter, Jtdin, private ; enr. Aug. 22, 18li;i. ('line, .loMcph K., private ; enr. Ang. 21, 186:1. DeaniiHon, John, private : enr. July 27, I8(i3. Itaik. William H., piivale; enr. Aug. 28. 1863. Dunn, William O., private ; enr. Aug. 24, 186;j. Khli-, Bichard D., pr.vate; enr. Ang. IH, I«6;i. Kggle-ton, Jani'-N E., private; enr. Ang. 24, 1863. Fox, Charles, private; enr. June :i(t, I86;(. (Jinldanl, K. P.. private ; -nr. Aug. l:i, lH6:i. Oarner. Hiram .M., private; enr. .\ug. 24, 186:1. H.d.lridj:e, IL-nry. private ; enr. Aug. 10, !K6;i. Hoilh,CliaileS It., Jir.vare; enr. Aug, 24, IKi;3. Hinckley. D'dos, private; enr. Aug. :i!, 1X61. .leiikins, .Jack^on, private ; enr. Aug. 24, 1863. Kimson, William, private; enr. Ang. 21, 186:i. Lewis, Jfitepli A., private; enr. Ang. 21, 186:1. Lr.iklin. Jamef, private; enr. Aug. 2", ^sl'^^. Mayo. (Jeoi^ie W., piivate; enr. Aug. Ill, I^tl3. Mertili, Charles, pr.vate; enr. Aug. i:{. 1863. Moorly, Theodore, private ; enr. Ang. 28, 1H6.3. IHartiii. AIaiiM>n. private; enr. Ang. 26, 1863. Martin. .losejih H.. pr.vate ; enr. Aui^, 24. 1863. Miller, Andrew, private; enr. Ang. 24, 1M'>3. Nutting. S nieon. private; enr. Ang. 24, 1863. Newell, Willmni, juivate: enr. Aug. 27. 1863. I*r ce. James B., |iriv:ite ; cur. July 21. 186:1. Pooler, William, prival" ; enr. Aug. 14. i86:i. Parish. We^tel, private: enr. Ang. 24. 186;i. Price. Wotern M.. privat- ; enr. July 24. 18fi:i. Itol.iii'on. Charles B.. piiv..te; enr. Aug. in. 1803. KediMond. Joseph, private; enr. Antr. lo. Isili. Kaiidall, *_»sc;.r F,, privaf ; enr. Aug. 2!'. isilK. Bjtiidall, Daniel C., private; enr. Aug. 2:i. 1863. Pterlint;. Alnlphn-, piivale; enr. Aug. 14, l86:t. Smith, John, private ; eur. Aug. 12, 1S63. Sheeley, Frederick. privat<' ; enr. Aug. 2.'<, 186.3. Sihisnn, David, private; enr. Aug. 24. D COMPANY. Carter, Norris M.. capt. ; c\iy. Sept. 3, 18t«. Budd. Joseph P., private; enr. Ang. 24, 1>;G:1. Burne-', Thomas, private ; enr. Ang. 6, 180:1. Bradway. Clark, ptivate ; enr. vViig. o, l86:i. Carter, W'eltoii 11., pr.vate; enr. Aiig. 17, 1«63. Castles, Williiiui, piivale; enr. An-r. 3. 1S6;J. dine, W.lliam, private; enr. Aug. 24. 18(V(. Covey, David 1.., private; enr. Aug. 24, 186:1. Covey, William, private; enr. Ang. 2(>, 186:i. Daney, Denuuiis, private; enr. Ang, 8, 1^6:1. Diochen, .lohn, private; enr. Ang. M, 1863. Ford, Alonzo, i>riVHle; onr. Auk. 8. 1x63. Furgason, Orlando, private; enr. July 23, 1863. Farr, Viment L., private; enr. July 24, 1803. Oowen, Lewis, private; enr. Aug, 4, IMVI. Hewitt, Oanteir, private; enr. Aug. il, 18t'.;t. Hall, Vincent, private; enr. Ang. IS. lxt;;t. Hnngeiford, KH'crt V., private; enr. Ang. 24, 1863. Ingalls, John, piivate ; enr. .\ug. \s, ISOf. Luther. Martin, private; enr. .Aug. I'.l, 1H6:1. l.ang.-tafl. Naihaniel, private; enr. Aug. 2", 1863. Luther, ll> ron 51., private; enr. Aug. In. Is(;:i, Laigett, S.\Ivi-Ier, private; enr. Aug. :i, ls63, Laurence, William, private ; enr. Ang. 2", 1H6.3. La Clear, Byron, priv.tte ; enr. July 2'.t, 1S61. SIcNally, Jamr K J., private ; i-nr. July '.», 1^6:*. Moiiahan, Thomas, private; enr. Aujr. :t, 18tKl. McCallop", David E., private; enr. July .">. 1863. Market, John, pi ivate ; enr. Ang. 10, ISta. 3!i(ioWaii, Andrew, piivate; enr. Ang. 24, 1863. McGowan, Michael, private; ear. Aug. 14, istut. Mnriny. .lanns, pr.vate; enr. Ang. 24. IJ^I^J. Neil, lieorge, piivrtle; enr. Aug. 8, lt*63. Orniitnii, William, private; eur. Ang. 14, 186:1. Bape, Thomas, private ; enr. July 31, lKi«. Hape, James, private: enr. Aug. 24, 1x61. Bajie, .\ntliony, private; enr. Aug. 24, 1863. BjindaU, Watson, pr vate; enr. Ang. 24. 186:1. Schnylel. t>rv He, private ; enr. Aug. 12, 186:1. Servois, ti'-orge, pr.vate; enr. July :il. 186:1. Smith. Michaid. private ; enr. Au;;. In, iwVl. Snyder, Alln-rt tL, pr.vale ; enr. Ang. 14, 1863. Taylor, George It., pr vale; enr. July 24, 18113. Thomiw-.n, Ephniini, private; eur. Aug. 3, 186;t. \un Pelt, Samuel, private; enr. Aug. 6, l8l>.t. 568 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Vrom.n, Cl.«rl»«. rriv»l<- : enr. AiiE. 2". 'Sf^- Vi.n Anil.iT, I...n-ii, privale: enr. Aup U, l^fiS. Wiser. Ilirjni. i.rivate; em. July », '^[■^•,__,, Wii ,,l, Ctsirc-- \V„ |.riv..le ; ciir. Mif. 1 ., IWU. W.-nvir, finiitli. priimo: enr. July ;U, 1S63. W.««l, Leouant, private: cur. .\ug. 31. ISftt. Wilbur, CImrles, liriviile ; enr. Aug. li, i»6;j. CAPT. H. II. CARPENTER S COMPANY. Canienter, Ilinim H., 1st lieuf. enr. Sopt. S, 1863. Lee Luther. Jr.. il lieut. ; enr. Sept. 3, 180.!. Acer. Mark, [.rivate; enr. July ■-ti, 18B3. A'Ikins. liavi.l A., piiviile; enr. Aug. 24, 18fi3. Adams John T.. pr.vate; enr. Aup. M, 180'. Alexander. El, private; enr. July i, 1803. Anilrns, Joliu. pr.vate; eur. Aug. iS ISO I. Alik's. I hri"l an. private: enr. Aug. ii, 1803. Bi'iijaluin, Jarub. private; enr. .\ug. 8, 1803. Basset. John, private; enr. July 7, 1803. Itaker. Ueor^-c W., pr.vate ; enr. June 3U, l'<«3. I haumont. UiKjrge \V., p:ivate: enr. Aug. 27, 1803. Cater, Jinies, private: enr. July :!i 180:1. Cater, ate; enr. July 27, 1803. Cranker, George W., private: enr. Aug. 31, 18l«. C.untryman, Joeepli, (.rivate; enr. Aug. 24, 1803. Cwinan, Tli"iuas, private ; enr. Aug. 24, 180:1. CroiSJint, E.l«anl, private; enr. Aug. 29, 1801. Cnusani, Lewis, private; enr. July 20, 180:1. Class, J.-fferSKU. private; enr. Aug. 3U, 180:1. Kiah-r, Slepllen R , private; enr. Aus. 28, 1803. Farrell. J'lin, private ; enr. July 22, 18W. Gilletl, Phenius II., private; enr. Aug. 27, 186.3. fieorge. Henry U., private; enr. Aug. 24. l-W. l|..gab.»in, Archal.le, private: enr. Aug. ■.;». 1803. Harri.*, Patrick, private; enr. .\ug. 24, 186:1. Hartnion, lieniy, private; enr. Aug. 21, 180:1. ILiriler, Charles I., private ; enr. July .•>, 1803. Johns, Janii-9, private; enr. July 7, 1803. Jura, Juliu., private ; enr. July 27, 1803. Lee, .liihn, priv.ite ; enr. July 1", 186:1. L- wis, Janii'S I., pi ivate ; enr. July 0, 1801. MiHire, Martin D., priv.ite; enr. July 2li, 1803. Jliller. llaiiiel 1>., private ; enr. Aug. 28, 180:1. Jlel'ann, Ceorge W., private; enr. Aug. 22, 1S03. Neinyer, Harvey, pr.vate ; enr. Aug. 24, ISOt. I'r.mly. Ileury A., private; enr. .\ug. 21, 186:1. Ried.Cliailes, |>rivale; enr. July 27, 1863. Kipley, Calvin C, pr.vate; enr. July 21, 1803. Rcvfoid, Andrew, private; enr. July 28, 186:;. Riiy, Lewis, private; enr. July 2a, 1861. Ke..n, Truman, private; enr. Aug. :ll, 1^0:1. Thonili-on, Charles A., private; enr. Aug. 24, 180.3. Tuvlor, Riifus C, private ; eur. Aug. 24, 1861. Ta'rrey, Jo-eph A., private; eur. July 20, 1863. Towsley. Eli. p ivate; enr. July 2.'i, 1861. Towsby, James, private ; enr. July 27. 1863. Warner, Silvauus, p ivate; enr. Ang. 1(1, 1863. Wagner, Nonuaii, private; enr. Aug. 24, 1803. Wright. James, private ; enr. July 7, 186:1. WashlKiurn, llir.im, private ; eur. Aug. 20, l.tK. Wilkenson, Henry, private; enr. Aug. 2*J, 1803. CAPT. HENRY C CHITTENDEN S COMPANY. Cliitlenden, Henry C, ciptan ; enr. Sept. 3, 1863. lluller, Thonia- II.. 2d I.eut.; enr. Sept.:!. ISlil. Ilaillev, lleniy, private; enr. Aug. 2.'i, 1801. ArresenI, Joa.pli, private; enr. Aug. 24, 180:1. Broum, Allred G., private; enr. Aug. :i, 1801. liniwn, James M., pr.vate; eur. Aug. 2.'>, 186:1. Hi'tls, Willi.ilu H.. private; enr. Aug. Ill, 186:1. Hanks, George H., private; enr. Ang. 2.1, 1803. Brown, J.ihn, private ; eur. Aug. 24, ISO!, lleebee, Sardis, private; enr. .\ug. 24, 180!. Brown, .Matthew M., privale; enr. Aug. 21, 186:1. Ciaie, Alfred J., private; enr. Aug. 2.1, IS61. Cunuofs, John, pr.vate; enr. Aug. 8, 1861. Cfluntryman, Jaeob, private; eur. Aug. 24, 1803. Odlin-. Wm. II.. p ivate; .nr. Aug. ij, 18IU. Coiintrvman, Alirahani, private; enr, Aug. 24, 1803. Connor, John, private; enr, Ang. 24, 186:1. Ihi 1. Jaiue*, privale ; enr. July 18, 180:1. Peiiinler, Amos, jirivate; enr. June '2.1, 180:1. Empni'-y, Job E , pr.vate; enr, Aug, i>, IstKl. GuuM, (liarle*. privale; enr, Aug, 24. ISIWl. Gniv, Thoma.i. privale; enr, Aug. 24, 1861. Gregor, SelMStiau, private; enr. .\ug, 24, 1863. Hiniuan. Waller «'., iirivale; enr, July 18, 1861. Ilaniillon.tiiiiige, priv.ite: enr, Aug. lu, 18i£l. Ilunilin. Williiini, privite; enr, Aug, 2".l, ISIWI. H illou. John, iirivate; eur, Aug. i'l, 186!. Il.-rth, iMiir'iulss, private; enr. Aug, 21, 1803. Jones, Ahraiii, Iirivate; elir. Ang, 2,i. 18ri:l. Leonard, .MI'erl, privale; enr, Aug, 21, 180:1. I.a|intrie, Joseph, private; enr. Seid, I, 180:1. 1,01 k, Alanson, private; enr. Aug. 24, 1861. Maloliev. Thomas, private; enr. Aug, 20, 180:1. Ma-ter-', William, privale: enr, Aug, 20. 1863. P.-piHT, Edwanl. private; enr, Aug. 24, 1863. Powell. Alvin, priv.ite; enr. Ang. 21, 180:1. lUy, Cliarles, pr.vate; enr, Aug, 24, 1861, Spencer, Joseph, private; onr. Ang. 28, 1863. St John, Pel'r, privale; enr, Aug. 24. 1>6!. Tooliy, Patrick H.. private ; eur. July Ifl, 186:1. Tewell. George L., private; enr. Aug. o, 18l«.l. Tibliii-s. Will am C. private; enr. Ang. :i1. 1863. Tinieriiuin. John, private ; enr, Aug, 24, l^^'- Van Wallok. William, private; enr, Aug. IS, 186.3. Walker, Lewis, private; enr. Aug. 2.1. 186:1, Wilson, Henry II.. private; enr, Aug. M, 1863. Wilson, John, private ; eur. Aug, 24, 1803. CAPT, J. BOWER PRESTON, JRS, COMPANY. Preston. J, Bower, Jr, capt, : enr. Sept, 4, 1803. SlHMicer, James M,, 2d licul. ; enr. Sept, 4, 1861. Bloilgett, Samuel, private ; enr. Aug, il. l.'<63. Biiscue, Charles, private: enr. .Vug. 8, 1863. CI06S, John Il„ private: eur, Aug. 28, 1863. G.HSiene.iigh, William H,, private ; eur. July 18, 18C3. Houk, Thomas, private : enr. Aug, 31. 1803. Legate, Edward, private; enr. July 18, 18<»1. Legate, Harvey P., private; enr. July 18, 1803. Morgan, Lviuan, private; inr, Aug. 18, 180:1. Piikil, Earl, privat ; enr, .\ug, 31, 1863, Reynold, Gilbert, private ; cur, .\ug. 28, 1863. CAPT. J. J. CARROLL'S (I) COMPANY. Aspinwall. Jiweph A., pi ivate ; enr. Sept. 1, 1803. Ault, llirHin, private; enr. Sept, 2. 180:! Andrew, Slieriiiati, privale; enr. Sept, 17, 1863. Barrett, Michael, private ; enr, Aug. 27, 1863. Bailey, Harvey, jirivate ; eur. July 9, 18t>!. Biiltou, George H,, pr.vate; enr. Sept, 16. 1863. Br..«u. Reuben, private; enr. Aug. 14, 1803. Cadw. 11, Eilwanl J.. private; eur, Aug, 2, 'SOS Canieiiler. Samuel W.. private ; enr, Aug. 22, 1803. Cutler, Deforest, pr.vate; enr. Sept, 4, 186:1. David, James, private ; eur. Sept. 7, 186.3. Dewey, James, private; enr. Aug, 21, 1863. iKine, Ileiirv, private ; eur. Sept. 11, 1863. Davis, John S., private; enr. Si-pt. 7, 1S6.3. Eaton, Edward E., piivate ; enr, Aug, 23, 1863. Farmer. Peter, privale ; enr. Sept, 10. 1803. Ferguson, llenrv S„ private; enr, Sept. 12. 186:1. Kit7.1«tiick, Pan ick, private; enr. June 2o, 1863. Heald, Ila\ wiaid H.. privale; enr. Sept. 4, 1863. James, Isaixh H., private ; eur, Sept. 10, 1863. Jury, Ferdinand, private; enr. July 10, 1863. Jones, David, private; enr. Aug, 0, 1863. Mishow, Joseph, private; enr, Aug, 27, 1863. Pai ker, John, pr.vate ; enr. Aug. s, 1863. Parker, Dewitt H., private ; enr. July 25, 1863. Patrick, Marcus, private ; enr. Sept, 10, 1861. Strattoii, John, private; enr, Sept. .1, 186:1. Simpson, Robert, private : enr. Sept. 4, 180:i. Smith, Edward 11., private; enr, Sept. 14, 1863. Sypher, George, private; eur, Ang, 7, 1863. , Smith, Newell, private; enr, Seld. 3, 186:1. Wilcox, Samuel B,, private; enr, Aug. 24, 186.3. Washburn. George, private: enr, Aug. 20, 1863. Welsh, Joseph, private; enr. Aug, 8, 1^6:1. Veeder, Bvron, private; enr, .Vug, 29, 1863. McGrath, Levi, private; enr. Sept. 4, 186:1. CAPT. S. L. BRIDGEFORD S (K) COJIPANY. Armstrong, John, private; enr. Ang, 22, 1863. Brooks, Thaildeus, private; enr. July 31, 180:1. Babcoek, John K., priv.ite; enr, Sipt. 15, 180:1. Chuichill, Cyrus, pi ivate ; onr. Sept. 4, 1861. Dene, Robert, private ; enr. .\ng. 19, 1803. Elkins, William H., private; enr, Sept, 12. 1863. Elderkin, George E., private; enr. Sept, 14, 1863. Elkins, George .M., private ; eur, Sept. 12, 186.3. F.sher. Eiekiel, piivate; enr. Sept, 14. 1861. Gislil. Eilward. private ; enr, Seid, 15, 1861. G ff-.rd, William 11,, pr.vate; enr. .Sept. 14, 1803. Gardner, Erwin, j.rvate: enr, Sept. 17. 1861. Hadsele, Kliab, j.rivate; enr. Sept, 14, 1863. H.ill, Willi.im. privale; enr. Aug. lu, 1863. Horo, Williiim (i.. peiv.ite; .\ug, 22, 1861. Ilo'idav, Sherbone, private; enr. Sejit. 1, 186.3. Jackson, John J„ private ; Sept. 14, 1863. Leslie, George, piiv..ite ; enr, S<'p!. lo, 1863. Larkin, Edward D,, private; eur, Aug, 18, 1863. Lane, .Vdson, private ; enr. Sept, 1, 1-63, Mar I in. Enos, private ; enr. Sept, 7, 1861, Myers, Peter, private ; enr, Aug, 20, 1863. Moore, James, private; enr. Sept, 12, 1863. tVHara, Peter, private ; enr. Sept, 15, 1861. Ilsborne, Sihuyler, private; enr, S.pt, 9, 1863. Pinker, George, privale; enr, .Vug. 29. 1863. Rider, Ellis, privale; enr, S.pt, 8, ISltl, Reynolds, Daniel \., privale; enr, Aug, 24, 1863. K\an, Maurice, privat-- ; enr. Sept. D'>, I81VI, Risal, Aaron M , private; enr, S«pl. 14, 1803. Reed, James, private; enr Sept, 10, 1861. Scott, Egbert, private: enr. Aug. 20, 1863, Shaul, t^hauncey, pr.vate ; enr. Sept, 14, 1863. Strait. John, privale; enr. Sept, 14,1861, Shoefelt. Jefferson, piivate; eur, Aug. 18, 1863. Tasc.tt. Henry, pr.vate; enr, SepI, 1, 186,1, Thomln-jn. Alb. rt. private ; eur, Aug, 24, 186,3. Van Antweni, .lac..li. private; enr, Aug. 20, 1803. WatU, Edward, pnvale ; enr, Aug. 1.1, 180.1. Wrighl. Henry, private ; enr. July il, 1861. Winnie, Walter, privale; enr. Aug. 20, 1803. CAPT, J, FLOYD THOMPSON'S (L) COMPANY. Austin, Charles, priv.ite ; enr, Aug, 28, 1861, Aldiick, Wat,s .n, private; enr. Sept, '22, I8l'i:l. Cunimii.s, nrvis, private; enr, S.pt, 12, 180:1. Colter. George, private ; enr. Sept. 22, 1803. Cnmmiugs, James, private ; enr. Aug. 23, 180.3. Goltlanil, Jaiuis, private ; enr. Aug. 2U, 1863. Graves, Joseph, priTBle; enr. Ang. il, 1803. Hart, Heliiy II., private; enr. Sept. 12, 1863. Hafl, Jacob, private; enr. July 8, 186:1. Hawley. Deieiizie R., private; enr. Sept. 15, 1S63. Uoni Leonard, private; enr. Aug, 2o, 180:1. Ingerson. L. M., private; enr, Aug, 2U, 1863. IngliBS, Hiram, pr.vate; enr. Aug. 211, 1861, Lyons, Alb.-rt, pi ivate ; enr, Sept. 16, 1861. Lang, William \V,, private; enr, Selit. 11. 1803. Narv, Bernard, privale : enr. Sept. 12, 180:1. Phiili|. William W,, private; enr, Aug. lu, 1863. Kipler, Franklin, pi ivate ; eur. Sept, 23, 1803. Kipler, William, |.iivale; enr, Aug. 6, 1503, Leslie, Jos ph, privale ; enr. Sept. 27, 1863. Muiiroe, David A., private; enr. July 1", 1863. McCue, Alolizo. private; enr. Sept, 2'.l, 1863, Matthew, Josi-lh, i.rivate; enr, Ang, 17, 1863. Nutting, Omllc, private; enr. Sept, 4, 1863. Nutting, Eugene, privale; enr. Sept. 26, 1S63. Noble, ( hiiries H,, private; enr. Sept. l,i, 1803. Newell. GiHirge, pr.vate ; enr. Sept, 2(1, 1863, Pfisher, Michael G., piivate; enr. Sept. 14, 1863. Penigo, David, private; enr. Aug. :!, 1861. Rexlord, Daniel, privale; enr. Sept. 15, 186). R..I1I., John, privale ; enr. June 2s, 1861. Routhwell, William, pr.vate; em. Sept. 29, 1863. Sterling, Joseph, piivate ; enr. Sept. 28, 18t>3. Smith, Frank, |.riv.ite: eur. Sept. 21, 186:1. Stuilh, Chiis. J., private; enr. Sipt- 27, 1863. Smalley, George, private; enr. Sept. 27, 1863. Slate, Chester, private; enr. Aug, 10, 186:1. Smith, George W., private; enr. Sept, 30, 1863. Tilt, .Vlv.n. privale; enr. Aug. 25, 1861. VaiiWormcr, Austin, private; enr. Sept, 26, 1803. Watkins, Pliilo, private ; enr. Sept, 22, 1861. Weldou, Edson, private ; eur. Oct. 7, Iso:!. 24TH CAVALEY. CAPT. N, W. PALMER'S ^B) COMPANY. McDonald, Frank, private ; eur. Dec. 21, 1861. CAPT. CAL\IN BLBCirS COMPANY. Howe, Dudley G,, 1st serg, ; enr, Dec. -22. 1861. Baker, lainiunt .M„ Corp. ; enr, Dec. 28. 186:1. lliist 1, Eugene, private; enr, Dec. '25, 1863. Cox, 1-oren T,. private; enr. Dec. 28, 186:1. Gardner, Nathan C,, ]irivale ; enr, Jiin, 1, 1864. James, Harvey, private; enr, DiK-, 27, 1*'61. Keiiyon. I,evi" 1.,, private ; enr, Dec, 25, 1863. Jliles. Luther, private; enr, Jan, 1, 1801, Morri-1, Eugene M,, private; enr. Di^:. 31, 1863, Wilt-ox, Malcolm W.. |irivate; enr. Jan. 4, 18('h|, Day, Henry C. (killed uil the care, Iirivate; eur, Dec. 24, 1863. 25TH CAVALEY. CliMl'ANY II, Flvnn, William, private ; eur. July 5, 1864. McMullan, James, iirivate; enr. March 24, 18G4. 1ST EE3. VETEEAN (1-TH) CAVALEY. CAPT, J, WHITLEY, JIfS., (B, COMPANY. Ilinii nn, George W., sergt. ; enr, Ang. 19, 1863. Huggins, Andrew P ,, con' ; I'nr. Aug, 14, 1863. Webb, Ihari™ O., c..ri>, ; enr, July 17, 1863. Hiislett, William, cor]'. ; enr, Aug. 6, 1861, Heath, tlrvive, tiumiK-ter; enr, Aug, 12, 1863. Wright, Ijiusing, wagi r; enr, Ang, 11, 1801. Bndl.iug, Klias J,, iirivate; enr, Aug, 19, 1861. Dickinson, Monroe, privale; enr. Aug, 19, 1803. Earl, Aloli/,o, private; enr, July :i(), 180:1. Gre.n, Denning, private; enr, Aug, 11, 1863. Horr, t.>tis 1... private; enr, Aug, 1, 1S0.1. Hitchcock, Jos.ph A,, private; enr, Aug, 1.1, 1863. Harr.s, Daub I S,, piivate; enr. .\ng, 12,1861, llur,b'WiM>.l, Eilwanl, private; enr, July 17, 1803 Hunt, llaunikHl D., private; enr, July 10, 1863. HISTORY OF JEFFKRSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 5C9 Kilbunif Joseph, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1861. Lee, AllMjri R., privnic; enr. iiqit. •*, HtK. Mngoveni, Tliunia-. p ivate; enr. Anp. |0, 186:1. Mfiizifs, Uohurl, priviit-; t-nr. Aug. 17, lJSti-1. McCfiy, Patrick, privaip; enr. Aui. 'l'\, IKiJt. fllcCuri.v. (ic'iirt;;!*, privnitf ; enr. -Ang. 'i^;, lS*».t. O'Uri^Mi. KicliiiKi. priviit*-; enr. Aug. ID. lt$<>l. I'risJley, .M;u>li;(ll U., priviit- ; enr. Jnty IK. 1863. Potter, <;eurgi- A., pr.vati.-: (-nr. .Vug. In, l»o3. CAl'T. KDWIX I). COMdTOCK'S (K^ OtSirAXY. Harmon, Uilbert J., st-rgt. ; enr. Sept. 17, l8tU. Hanitilin. William U., nergt.; enr. Sept. 14. \WA. Ituudrt-llc, Ktlwaiil, private; enr. ^^t•]>t. dfl, I8UJ. t'nrtis, Kilwjinl. jiriv.tio; enr. Sept. Ij, l^tW. FHtni'T, William F., pr.VHl*-; enr. Sept. 17, 18C3. Ktirmer, JanieM C, jirivato; enr. Sept. ■.i4, lhG3. Foley, Patrick, private; enr. Sept. 24, I8ftj. McKiine, Milo, priv.ite; enr. S«'pt. 'Zi\, l8i;-(. Xicliols, Colonel C, private ; enr. Sept. Ill, 186:i. Plietteitlace, Ani:w>i, private ; enr. Sept. 'J. '., IKO-J. Stedman, Wjirren U., private; enr. Sept. IS, 1801. S'iniri*, XelHMii U., private; enr. Sept. I9,l8(i.t. Seymour, Ail>lpliufi, private; enr. S-pt. ".iti, l8(;.t. Wilson. Willard W., private ; enr. Sept. 14, 186(. Wtuslilmrne, Wens. V. V., private ; enr. Sejit. 7, 1803. IJcHU, Kranklm, pr.v-ite ; enr. Sept. 'Id, 18*a. McOillunt. Iianiel, private; enr. Oct. 3, 18ttt. Sharp, Janien L., jirivate ; enr. Sept. 24, 18G1. Freeman, Jii^eph, private ; enr. Sept. I'J, 18*>;i. Nai^h, Charles 1!., ]trivate ; enr. Sept. 24, l8(Jt. Oderkirk, Siniou, private; enr. Sept. II, isia. Wright, Orlando, private; enr. Sept. 19, 1kg;, Tliompson, William, private; eur. Sept. 20, 1863, 26TH EEG. FEONTIER ) CAV. N. Y. VOLS. *;Ai'T. H. K.TLUNEUS INDKPKNUKNTC0.(Nu.2). Turner, Henry E., capt. ; enr. Feh. 22. I8. Allen, Wiiliam A., private; enr. Feb. 14, 1865. Riird, t'liriHtupher, private ; enr. Jan. 31, 1865. B.-cker, Marcus C, piivate; unr. Feb. 17, 1865. Itaxti-r, William, private; enr. Feb. 2, ISOJ. llenbll. Van Keiisiielaer, priv.ite; enr. Feb. 9, 18G5. liirton, Wll.ani, private; enr. Feb. 7, 1805. Itowen, Ah-i, private ; enr. Feb, y, 1K6,%, Bowen, Levi, private; enr. Feb. If, 1S6.J. Cliius, Asa H., private ; enr. Jan. 31, 1805. CU-nmn^, i)ri*». priv;ite; enr. Jan. :il, ISO.'). Clemomi, IJeorge, i»riv.ite; enr. Keb. 2, 1805. IJefore, Charles E., ]»rivate; enr. Jan. IT, 1805. Devendorf, Ervvin U., privat*?; enr. Feb. 21, 1865. >^lick, Jacob II., private; enr. Jan. 17. 1K4».'>. ENwTth, .Vsa A., jirivate; enr. Keb. U, ISC^. Farrell, Michael, private; enr. Feb. 14, 18<"o. Farr, Perley, |»nvate: enr. Feb. 15,1805. Orimn, Albert W., private; enr. Jan. 17,1^05. Morton, (lliver, pri*'ate; enr. Jan. 2 ', 1805. Hays, S doin.in E., private; enr. Jan. 17, 1805. ilazelton, Oliver V. V., private; eur. Kel». 12. 1865. Ilerrick, Wallace H., private; enr. Feb. 14, 1865. Klock, Litui, p-ivatc: enr. Jan. 31, 1805. Luc;u3, Menort I)., private ; enr. Jan. 17, 1805. Lariby, Pitt U.. private; enr. Feb. 4, 1865. ljO-*ii*, William I., private; enr. Feb. 22,1865. Nariurt". Lewi'*, private ; enr. Feb. H, l8(l."i. Porter, David, private; enr. Jan. 28, 1865. Parker, Antuine B., private; enr. Jan. 17, 1805. Paj'ne, Eugene S., private; enr. Feb. 9, 1865. Roiiinaon. Uaac .\., j'rivate; enr. Felt. 13, 1865. Itydor, tJeurge, M.l).. privsite ; enr. Fell. 14, 1805. Sutter, Henry C. private; enr. Fob. 15, 180.i. Some-, Wright E., private; enr. Keb. 2, 1865. Smith, Albert T., private; enr. Feb. 1>, 18(;5. Smith, Tliounis, private; enr. Feb. 'J, 180^. Safford, Bestir S., private; enr. Feb. 10, 1865. Taliiwli, William, private; enr. Keb. 7, 1805. Weller. Anioi*», private; enr. Feb. 2, 1805. William-, <; -urge W., Jr., private ; inr. Feb.^>, 1865. 1ST REGT. N. Y. LIGHT ART. VOLS. CAPTAIN JOHN W.TAMBLIN'StC; COMPANY. Tamblin, J.diu W , capt.; enr. Aug. 4, 1S61. Barnes, AIniout, l^t li>'Ut.; enr. Aug. 4, IKOI. C Mip.T, Williiini S., 2d lient. ; enr. An;:. 4, 1861. PliiiJipS William H.. 1st sergt. ; enr. Aug. 4, 1861. Ing raon, William K., «i.-m.— ergt.; enr. Aug. 4, 1801. MiincUfBtt-r, Oeorg-* N., ser^t. ; enr. .\ug. In, 1801. HH/.lelnn, J-imesi B , 8<"rgt ; enr. Au_'. lil, ISOI. D.Klge, Horace tl., Si'rgt. ; enr. .\ug. Id, iKOl. Thierry, I*ouis C, i»ergt, ; enr. Aug. 4, isoi. Blown, Ab-.xander, Corp.; enr. .\«g. 10, iKOl. Mngsey, Wdl am C, Corp.; enr. .\ug. 15, 1861. Ganliier. Cliatbs E., Corp.; eur. Aug. 15, 1861. Coelinin>-, Wallace L., Corp.; enr. Aug. 15, 1861. Ciiblwt-ll, Albert W.. c-irp. ; enr. Aug. 20, !801. Allen, Kr-**lerick .\ , corji. ; enr. Aug. 21, 1861. Barbry, W.ilt-r. crp.; enr. Aug. 24. 1861. Barnuni, Miltoi, corp. ; i-nr. Sept. 25, IKOI, Si>per, Jame-' R., bugb-r; enr. Aug. 2((, IKOl. Beeboi-, Eugene, bugler; enr. Aug. In, 1861. tJorniley, Matthew, artift.er; eur. Aug. 15, 1861. Bennett, George T , art licer; enr. Aug. H», 1801. Bnssiiot, John \V., wjigiuier: enr. t>ct. I. 1801. Buckley, John, pr.vate ; enr. Oct. 1, 1801. Brown, John, private; enr. Aug. 20. 1861. Brown, Levi, priv^ttf ; enr. .\ug, 2(f, 18i;l. C**8e, Alfred J., priv ite ; enr. Oct. 10, 1S61. Clark, John, pr.v.ite; enr. .\u^. in, IsOI. Clark. Montgomery E., private; em. Oct. 1, 1861. Cole, David. privat-; enr. Oct. lo. 1801. Chi-«bti, Ji'hti C., privare; enr. Aug. U>, IKI'il. GilluKpie, tieiirge (;.. private; enr. Aug. lU, IMJl. (jt^ty, J"-epli, private; i-nr. Oct. I, IsCiI. tjuiiinnp, Thoniaf, private; enr. Oet. :^ IKOl. Ilart>ini««>ii, Ije.irge W,, ]ti*ivute ; enr. Aug. lit, 1M!I. Hanvenniil), Diiaiie, private; ■■nr, Oct. 1, 18fil. Hauvernittii, Charlfn, private; i-nr. ftct. 1. ItMJl. Heath, Jiinie^ 1,., private ; eui'. Oct. b. IHtil. Heath, Charlea, private ; enr. Oct. •'», Isill. Hoyzer, .luhn, private; enr. Aug. 10, l«lil. Hoover, tienrge D., private; enr. Aug. HI, 1861. IIulchinMtn, Henry, private; enr. Oct. 1, ISCl. IngcrHun, lieorge N., private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Kelley. William P., piivate ; enr. Oct. 8, 1861. Kinihall. Karley, private; enr. Oct. 8, 1861. I«iril»y, Jusepli, private; enr. (.let. 1, 1861. Laurence, W illiani, private; enr. Aug. 1(1.1861. Li Febiire, Cheiy, piivate; enr Oct. 10, 1861. l.ee. John, private; enr. tK't. :t, 1861. Lnndernian, Eilwartl, private; enr. Sept. 28, 1861. Marrelln-, .lohii W., private; enr. Oct. 18, 1861. BIcLei-h, .hiseph K , pr.vate ; enr. Aug. 2u, 1861. McOniher. Ufavitt., private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. MrCrea, Janied H., private ; enr. Oct. 10, 1S61. Jliller, John, private; enr. Oct. 10,1861. Morrow, Henry, private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Bloree, Fniiicii I.., private; enr. .\iig. lo. 1861. M..nl.l. Henry D.. private; enr. Oct. 5, 1861. Miiqili.v, Gi^jrge H, private; enr. Aug. Ill, 1801. NapHa, John, [irivate ; enr. Oct. .S, 1861. OJlierl, Klelclier.privale; enr. Oct. 1, 1801. Oilell. Ceiirge, private; enr. .Vug. In, 18l'il. Parhani, (ieorge W., privati-; enr. Aug. 1", 1801. ituiiiTi, Biirnartl, private ; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Keed, Henry L., private; iiir. .\iig. lu, 1801. Revi»-re, Knincia J., private; enr. .Aug. 10, 1861. Kliiner, Charle;!, private; enr. .\iig. In, 1861. Khuhart, .lohn, private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Rhulurt, ll-nry H., private; enr. Oct. 1, 1801. Bohert", Georte \V., private ; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Seymour, t.'harles H., private; enr. -Vug. In, 1801. Spriiig..lien, Franiin W., private; enr. Aug. 10, 1801. Talnian, Amo< (*., private; enr. .\ug. 10. 1801. Tliomai:, Coleman, private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. Towsley, Eli. private ; enr. Oct. 10, 1801. Tousley. Uirani, private; enr Oct. 12, 1801. Tripp, i'hoinas, private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. SVager, Clinton H., private; enr. .\ug. Ill, 1801. Ward, Philemon II., private ; enr. Oct. 3, 1801. Weaver. George K., private ; enr. .\ug. In, 1861. Webst«'r, Hiram, pr.vate ; enr. (Jet. o, 1861. W.wd, Kli J., private ; enr. Aug. 10, 1801. Woodward, Elon .\., private; enr. Oct. 1, 1861. WrtudwanJ, Oscar, private ; enr. Oct. 1, 1801. Wri;;ht, Marcus 1)., private; enr. Aug. 10, 1861. CAPr. THOMAS W. OSBORN'S (D) COMPANY. OstNirn, Thomas W., capt.; enr. .\ug. 10, 1861. Doling, Aiha B, sergt. ;enr. Aug. 18, ISOl. Davis, Ilenry W., sergt.; enr. Aug. 30, 1861. Fallet;, Geo'rgell., «ergt. ; enr. Aug. 29, 1861. Sterling, Rochester H.. corji. ; enr. Aug. 27, 1801. Wood, George W.. corp. ; enr. Oct. 8, 1861. Johnson, .Alexander W., corp. ; enr. Aug. 29, 1861. Andenton, William J., Corp.; enr. Aug. 29, 1801. Hills, Ezra !>., cor|> ; enr. Aug. 16,1861, tenant, Frederick W., crp, ; enr. Aug. 17, 1801. Kusli, Horace K.. Corp.; enr. Aug. 26, 1861. Swartoiit, I«iac R , hiiiler; enr Aug. 29, 1861. Moray, Ilenry A . art li er ; enr. Aug. 10, I'^Ol. Kvielstiiie, Will.ani, aitificer; enr. .\ug. 10, 1801. Itaker. Ge Jig.. E., private ; enr. Aug. Ill, 1861. Coal, llelos, private ; enr. Aug. 28, 1801. Criss, l{.>iijaniin, private; enr. Aug. 2^1, 1861. Dennis, Albert W., private; enr. Aug. 16, 1861. Diil'-y, (Vlestei-, privatH ; enr. Aug. 17. 1861. Knos, Lawrence C., private ; enr. Sept. 1, 1861. Foit, Andrew, priv.ile; enr. .\ug. lU, 1861. Gage, Willinin H. H., private; enr. .\ug. 30, 1861. Hill, Marvin, private; enr. .\ug. 17, 1861. Hilts, Duane, private ; enr. .\ug. 10, 1861. Kiefter, John, private ; enr, Aug. In, 1861. l^ang, Michael, priv.ite; enr. Aug. 17, 1*01. Slyer?, .Ldin. private; enr. Aug. 10, I8iil. Niniz, AugUf-t, priva e; enr. Aug. 16, 1861. Palmer, ,\bner .\., private : enr. Aug. 29, 1861. PliiliilKi, John, p'-ivate; enr. Aug. 27, 1861 . Porter, Einniet E.. pr vate ; enr. .Aug. 29, 1861, Saiideriion. James F., private ; enr. .\i|.^. 29, 1861. Stovvell, Ol.ver G., private ; enr. Sepl. 17, 1861. Wesrcolt, Geo ge ()., private ; enr. Si-pt. 2-">. 1861. CAPTAIN JOSEPH SPU.KTT S (H) COMPANY. Spratl, Jo-eph. Ciipt. ; enr. Aug. 29, 1861. S-abury, Thomas K., 2il lieiil ; enr. .Ang. 29, 1811. Balicock, Volney M,, 1st sergt.; enr. Oct. 2, IsOl. Hudson, Cliailcs D., i^ergt. ; enr, Oct. 2, 1861. Nugent, Edwanl. serg. ; enr. Oct. 2. 1.S61. Zeroii. Jiisi.ph W.. oirp. : enr. Oct. 2, 18i)l. Sloody, Anson, corp. ; eur. (X"t. 2, 1861. Woodwanl, Theophilus M., cotp. ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Craig, Richanl A., corp ; enr. Oct. 2. 1861. Dingman, (.'ornelins, Corp. ; enr. Oct. 2. 1861. Calkins, Henry F., Corp.; enr. Oct, 2, 1K61. Maiden, Joseph, bugler ; enr. Oct. 2, 1801. HaHe, George B., artlAcer; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Nash, Levi, wagoner; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Harlow, Junius, private; enr. l.ict. 2, 1861. Itroxo. Ji..i . piivate ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. lironsoti. Walter, private ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Carter, Fiazihi ('.. private; enr.lKt. 2, 1881. Clark. David P, private; enr. (Kt.A 1901. Col... Nicholas, pr.vate; enr. Oct. 2, Isc.l. Ciiniiuiiigs GiHirge, private: enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Dei 1m, G...irge W., private ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Diiiid', William W., private; enr. Oct. 2, 1801. Dowsev, Jiis. pti, pr.vate; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Fj.H, lleiirv, private ; enr Oct. 2, 1801. Ferguson, iiaviil, private ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Frea-e, I'll lip. private; enr. Oit. 2. 1801. Gage, John P., prvate; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Hall, Stephen L , privat-; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Hare, William J,, p ivate; enr. Oct. 2, 18(;l. Ileaton, Airiect, 2, 1861. Mcl.aughlin. John 11, private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. >lillotl, .Augustus, priv.ite; enr. Oct. 2. 1861. Mais .n,.Ioliii, private; enr. Oct 2,1801. Morrs, James A., piivate: eur. Oct. 2, 1801. 3l'irrow, Jaiies, private; enr. Oct 2. 1801. 31orrow. Jo.epli, private; enr. Oct. 2, 1801. Nott, Cyrus I.., piivate; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Page, Kniico v.. private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Peck. .Aiigilsiiis C, private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Phelps. Fnink, pr.vate: enr. Oct. 2, 1861. I Plenche. ( harl.s C.. piivate; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Ilislev, Eilsar L , private ; enr. Oct. 2, 1.^61. Robinson, Charles (.'^ private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Saiiford, llenr>', private; enr. CIrt. 2, 1861. .'haw, Delos, piivate; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Spicer, Riley S,, private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861, Stone, Ezekiel. private ; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Taylor, lleinv, private; enr. Oct. 2, 1861. Webb, Eilwar.l P., private ; enr. .Aug. 29. 1861. Wilc.'X, Nathan, private: eur. Oct. 2, |86l. Wo.«l. George W , private : enr. Oct. A 1861. W.saj, J.seph. private; enr. Oct. 2, 1801. With. William H., private; enr. (Kt. 3. 1861. GOV. MOEGAN'S 1ST EEG. U. S. LIGHT AET.— 2D N. Y. LIGHT AET. CAPT. CIIAKLli< L. SMITH'S (Hi COMPANY. Smith, Charles L , capt.; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Rulison, Wm. S., l«t lieut.; enr. Sept. 20, 1801. Waters, Thonnus, 21 lient ; enr. Sept. in, 1861. Aaldeiiel, Galencoiiib, Isl sergt ; enr. Sept. SI, 1861. Lyman, Lucius, 4. m--ser;;t. : enr. Sepl. 2ii, 1861. Powell. Wesley, »eri;t.; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Miller. U.ten, sergt.; enr Sept. 20, 1801. Goodwin, William W., sergt.; enr. Sept. 20, 1801. Lamb, John B., sergt.; enr. Sept. 2n, ISGl. Ormisteii, William II.,corl).; enr. Sept. 'iO, 1801. Loonii-, Stewart, Corp.: enr. Sept. 2ii, 1801. Simons, .Alexander, corj).; enr. Sept. "20, 1861. Harris, Philander A., con'.; enr. S-pt. 20, 1861. Corey, James W., c in'. ; enr. Sept. '20, 1861. Porter, Saninel, corp.; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Wood, John, Corp. ; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Williams, Clark- F., con'. : enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Loomis, GiMrge, miis. : enr. Sepl. 20, 1861. Saddler, John, nius.; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Torr!., private; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Carl sle, George, private ; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Carter, William, private ; enr. Sept. 2", 1861. Davis, George, private; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Deacen, James A., private ; enr. Sept. 2o, 1861. Devlin, John, private; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Eagan, Put rick, private; enr. Sept. 20, 1801. Fjirlv, Joseph, private ; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. Farliy, Jidiii, private; enr. Sept. 2", 1861. Francis, Joseph, private; enr. Sept. 'io, 1861. Gorman. Charles, private; enr. Sr-pt. 2o, 1801. Grev, George, private; enr. Sept. 2o, IsOl. Green, Bi-rtraiid, private; enr. Sept. 20, 1861. HoUmann, Cliarh.s, private; enr. Sept. ^n, 1861. Ileiirii|iies, Daniel, private; enr. Sept. 2ii. 1861. Helirv, trt'orge. private; enr. St'pt. 20, 1.861. Highland, William, private ; enr. .s..pt 2ii, 1861. Jessotel, John, private; enr. Sept. -li, 1801. Kelivon, Sinfonl J., private; enr. Sept. 20, IfCl. K-li.i'g, Ilenry C, private; enr. S«-pt. '20. 1861. Le Clere, Oscar, private: enr Sept. 20, 1861. Jleister, John A., private; -nr. Sept. 20, 1K61. OmUirne, Dan el W., private; enr. Sept. ill. 1861. Orslsirne, Hart, piivate; enr. Sept. 2o. 1861. Ori-lwme, Williiim. private: enr. Sept. -20, 1861. Oriiiiston, Ge''• f,'' },„, Km W,lli,.n.», Clark F., p.ivnt,-; '■"■^•„*';,V'-.,f VhiI Willi,.,,,*.". ll"»>^^"c, i,nv«le; o'";:*;'-!' ;,,-' vit Wris;l,I, Ue,ibon. rnv«le ; «nr. bci.t. 2U, 181.1. 5TH (BLACK RIVER REG. OF ART.- K. Y. VOLS. C.\PT. FRANK E. ROOTS COMPANY. McIlLvli, .loh". private ; en.-. Sopt 1, 1802 l'„»t, Willi:.... W.. pvivalo; .-.,.. '^"'f ■»«•>''';->., W,.ln,ll,, George H., privaH- : el.r. Au«. 21, 1862. CAl'T G W.miBnAUI>'SCO.(l)),:'.D BATTALION B. U. AKTIl.l.KRY. Bn.« n, Willi....,, private ; en.-. ^"6. ^L ISl'-^- B.-,.«„, Cl,:,.l.'» N., vnvate; c„r. A,.r 1', If- B...kli„, .1. K., pr.vate ; en,-. .\. K. 20, 8b-. ]„sall», Il.™„, private; enr. A„g. -t, M,-. Miller, l>an,el, p.ivnte: en.-. AUK '2 , 18-. Pa.-...eter,.lol,n P., private: «"J- A"K- ^.'j, .f'^' rra Tie, Nel,..,., private , e..r. A.IB^"'. If-- Pftssino, Nelson F., pnv,,te; '"- /\"f ..V'-.S'- R„n,l,.ll, Mu,U A.,l.,-,vate-, "■'''■-*'>- f ■},'*'- Boot, R..f"» S., pr.vate -, enr. A.'g.^l, 1«^- Spen.-er, J..l.„, pr.v..te ; en,-. *<»;- ;'■ l''''-- , S^,xton, \Villian.,l.r.v..te; e„r. '^"«- -l'/""-,; Slater, Charles A., pr vate ; e,.r. Am.. 1, 18 2. Slater Cl.a,-le» G., p.ivate ; e..r. -^'f ,''• 1^' ;V,„ White, F.,-.le.-ick L.,p.-.vale; en.. An- l-,^'^-- Weatl.erl.ea.l, Emerson, pnvate; enr. Aiii,. -1, 18"-. lOTH (BLACK RIVER) ARTILLERY. OAPT. El>. 1'. WKBB-S C... (A) 2l. UATTALIoN Welili, Edwaril P., lapl. T.,l»-y Elisl.a II., 1st lient. Uisi"!-', Le,-n,an A., 1st l,ent. K,-e.l, Morris A., Ist lieut. WI.eelock, A.l.lison W., 1st l.eut. KicLards, A. I>»iKl.t, l«t sergt. ; ';"'■/' >/l:^- llarLer, Kgl.ert L., c ,,. sergt ; , l, . AnK._4, 18b.. l>.,rlt, William, 8e.-Kt.-, enr. Anj;. .1,^181,.. Gates, Vineent R., »e,-gt.; ""'■''"f- ''J^''- Clark Silas M., set-gt. ; enr. J-'V, 'i',! isfi-' KeKec, Ra„*,n. J., sergt. ; enr. .M.g. 18, 18fi-2. I 1,^1, s, Civilian, sergt.-, <•■"■- ^''K- ^'-J^Jp., .I:r,,'.-Geo,ge,J.-.,»erg..-, enr.Angl.,1802. Pav ,,.-, Hen, > D., Cl-p. ; enr. Ang. 17, 1»''- .i,-ke;.on, l..vma., I,., Corp. ; <■'"•/;''-'- "vf"^- K,.n..-8, I'a»iel J., Corp. ; e.,r. A..g. 18. 18.2. Tow.ier, .John F., Corp. ; enr. Ang. -';'":-.., Unnroe, Fre.ler ek A., c-orp. -, ear. A..g b, l".-. C,,„„ns .hillingw-r.l. C, ■^"^V-^^"-^"^^; '"<''- Oar.l.,er, .losepl. P.,co,p.: e..|-. Ang. 1-', l"''-- (,verock,-r,CI,:,.-l- II., corp ; e..r. .\ng. U, 18b2. I'ollv, Melv,n, Corp. ; enr. .\ng. 4 18b-. Kn.l'.l, Wilbur, corp. ; enr Ang. N '8''- (base, Elins, Corp.; enr, A..g. », l";''-- I,o,-,l, TI,o..,a«, Corp. ; enr. Ang. 1.', 'J '- .1i lett, .lol.n J., wagoner ; enr. .\ng. 21 180. jl s,II,.gh ll.,arlilleer; e..r.J.,l)- .1", 1802 (V,n,i„gs, Patrick, ,i,-tiflcer ; enr A,.g. 1, 8«,i. Wilson, llir.,.n,urtir,eer; enr. A..g. 8, l^b-. Matthew. ILo,,,,.., arliti.er; e.,r. Ang. 4 18(.-. )„.,„„, F,-..nk, nrt,B.-er; enr. .\,.g. '.■ l" '-.., S„,il..v. .I.,n,.-s, a.-titieer ; enr. Ang. 21 , I8b2 Kor.e.ter. John W., lm.:ler; .nr Ang IMfO- Docker, II.-t,r.v J., hngler; enr. Ang. b 18b. A.nlrews, I.a.vIo,., privaie; '"'■-/"*-':,''',".'•-■ An.h,.«s, llenrv, private; enr. A„i^. ^1.1"^^.; Artnstrong, .lol,,,, private ; enr. .Inly IH, IRW- Ans.in,.Io.eph F.,pr.vate; '""•- A"g. «, 1«02. ]l<,«e„, F.ii.,kli.,, pi-.valc; enr Aug. 4 181.. Benway, .Ian..-9, private; enr. Ang. 4 1»«- B,.|U..,i. r, .loseph A.. priv,.te; e.,r Ang. 4 8fi2. Br„.lsha« . .la.nes, privaie ; enr. J., v 22 180 neiieng.r, Frcierck »• 1" ","';••.;;";„•': '^ '^''•"^■ Blair, .la.nes, private ; enr. Jnly ^^i, 1«"-- 11,., veg.n, Peter, private ; enr. Aug. 21, 180 «ro»-,u-ll, G.-"rg.- W., l.r.vale; enr. A g. 21,1802. lln.w.., .lames K., private ; enr. Ang. 1-. 18b2. B..1I, Cl.anncy 11., pr.vate; e.,r. A..g. !«■ •»'"'- Bain, William, private ; enr. Ang. .., 80.. llelknan. S.-th, priv,>le; enr. A..g. 1», '™-.- Cs.l, Walter K.. p.ivate; en,-. Aug. 18, 18t,2. Corey. I>e,.nis,prval,-; enr. Ang. 18 18b ,l.a,nplin, Cha.les G., p.l>"te ; e,,r Ang '21, 1802. Cha.np, .lol..,, p.ivate ; enr. A..g. 21, 8. (•olcl....tb. S,'m,.el. pt-ivate; e.,r. A.;/. U. 18C.. (l.ase, .I..1... C, p.ivate; enr. Ang. in, ^»\ .hatle.lon. J..seph, private ; enr. Ang. l", 180.. l.,.l»„.., Kgherl W., phvat . ; ,.,.,. Ang. U, 1 «-. l,n.ke, A„.l..,w y... private; en.-. Ang. l-.- l""-- I».,-ker,on. Clark II., private; . .„ Ang -I, 1802. l)..»«...,Corm hns. p.ivate; enr. Aug 2, UO mmarc-e. .lo-.pl., private ; ,.nr. A..g. -2", 18 12, Kekle,,, lol.n .1., p.ivate; ,...r. Anu. '«. l^O;.- El.rliger. Geo^K.s prival..; <•'"■ '";'':;^\\f. Fox, Willlan, K., private; .-nr. .I,ily -1". 1«"- Fee. Mi,l.«ol, pr:T«te: enr. *<•/• "; "f^;., Kile, , .lames B., private ; enr. A..g. -"•/°"r ,,g., Gn.vha.n. Tho.,.as G.. private ; -«'^^■^^''-■ Ureeniso.,, Jacol;, pr.vate; '-■"'■- A"8;^f'j,J8li-' U,-,.e.,»...;re:.w''iaiv;ie;':;;r.A;^.v;;,'i;:;^. :^;r::w;;^;n'ii:.'i'rivat,;;e„,^An^n^;2. Jo ,.»on, Robert, p.ivate; .-..r. Aug. 1. 181, . J ,d,l, An-a.„.l. C. p. ivate ; et.r. A..;.. 1 , 18'- J „..; Willia... P., private ; e„r Aug. 1., 18b-. K ,i.7., Charles, priv-ate ; enr. Aug. ., 18b2. K,.r„8 Pat,iek, piiv,ite; enr. Ang. 1-. '?'•-■ K . g t, Josial, A., p. ivate ; ->>- A"»-.l-. l'"^- Kelj , John, private ; e..r. A..g. lU, 181 2. L,;wt:,n, Lewis, priv,.t..;e,,r.Ang_b 181^^ Looini-, Nelson, pi.vj.te; en, . Aufc. l, i "- bsirsr,!T^;;a;^Trj^-i>02. K-j^r-pJirre^rAjg^i-io. Ks^™^^^t:;:ri.X;3:^;r^;-. ^i";:;^'^e;;f!::'r'p:v.;t™'e.;r"i^^.'.?:i^^ Mi . 1 .0° W,mer S. private ; e..r. Aug. 6, IMS. M .a,.nr.;, Ranson,, p.ivate; e"; A"g^J, Wb2. Miller .antes, private ; .-nr. Jnly .Jl, 11^02 M . I, -'ws, Adelbert, pr vate; et.r. Aug. 4 J8C2. K;;;::::=-,':;.=;;rg.i: tol,i„s,.n Lor.-n B., prtvate ; "•"^-A-'P- »•'"''- l-i,^!:!;;;:'w':;n:(;a;,.Ven^'^; : Sjo2. &^^;rs^na:;:;\r-^:;^.'t.5^ ,,. Smmons, A.leli.i-.t M., ptivate; e.,r Aug b, U02 St,-ong, .lan.es M., I'riva'- t e,,, . .\^.g^ 0, l"'-^ ^i:;:;o;;:i^':;i;a;;;:p^:-r^n"'^^''^^^ ^i-^:;;;tfi;-;^;^:r:;:;;;:,;^ei£.:^^02. Scovill. Si.n re C., pr.val,.; et.t. J, ly -i", i'"-- b0feLI^r;ril^;.^™;^Al^^^ ^"•■'••^•■l:^^;'.:V;i^;;e;r;J^:;^lf;'«^- tCv.; i, mi p.va'e;,-,.r.J,.IyW.1802. . - . .; Row, t 'A-ivate -,' ,-.,r. July 2.t, 1802 V ..liwalker, George, priv,.te; '""■ A '--'-l' '™2- Wiln.o,l, Cl,..u,.e,-y, priv,.t.- ; ,->„-. A 'f- l->- 1^^- Warne.-, Cl.a,.nc,-y, pr.v,.te; '■"^- /"l-^y""- Wil.ler, J.-epb. 1-vale; eur- A"f - • V,''^;^,,, ^o::i;;^;;;nii!;^d'^\:";t^-^.^A;^s:;r- Wilson, Leona.-d S., pr.vate; en.-. N-pt 2. 1802. Y.^nng Rnfns W., pr.vate; enr. A"g^l», 1^0;=:, Yont.g ( l.a.-le8 II., pr;Va e; enr. A,,g. IJ, 181 -. Knsscdl, Artl...r A., p,,vato; «■"■■: fl',';,^',^^;!;- Johnson, George, pr.vate; enr. Jul) 21,181... Glaea, Albert, 7lh coip.; enr. Aug. ", IfO;- uSek. Albct, 8th Corp.; e..r. A"g- 21, Jf 2;^ 5r-^:^r^::i.:^:-r;:?qrS'^"^ K:i;ri^b;e;vi^V2;h e.^;:v^r 5.-.1-. Bntt-, F.-ancis, arlitie.-r; ••"■■• •'"'>-'^' '"'- Fisb, Martin, artitici-r; enl. Sept. 4. 18b2. _ K n-hardsot., k.lwi,. O., bugler; ,-nr. Aug. ,,1802^ 1. is e-s, Ue.,ja..,.l, F , bugler; enr Aug^ U., 18b2. Allen, .Mf.ed 11, p.ivate; "'r. Ang •, 1»02. Abloes, iien.y. private ; e..r J. J 2 J 1 b2 Burtlelt, William T, private; '•■"^- ^-"8 J- ''*',- S"el.e, Syn.ourM., private; e.ir Aug. ,,1802. B„,8, William B., private ; e..r. Aug- N 1^0-. Bal.cock, Willis A., private ; -'"-^Ang. 8 18... Brown.ll,llir..m, pr.vate; •'n"^- A"b; -y ™--- Bntle,-, Francis A., private; '■'"•, A"^:-':.^"^-- Butts, Chai les C.,,1.. ivate ; >-"'--^"6-J',\'"'f80-' Bi-ooks, Cl.ailesE., pr.vate; enr. A g. 14, Ibb-. liabcock. El as, p.ivate -enr. Aug, -1, IXb-^ Bntt.i.i, James R., |.rivate ; enr. Aug. 18, 1^-. "'l.i.ll, William R.,p, ivate; enr. Au.B.^l, 18C2. Calk ns, Mnith I, , private ; enr. Aug- lb, IfO-. , i-l. ..«.....; -e W l.r vate; enr. Aug 18, 18U-. ;';;•/!:: En;o;^W.,p,\vnte; en,- Aug. 2... 1802. Cole, .lesse, private ; enr. Aug. - , 18b-. Call,,, diaries, private; enr. Aug- ^ ', If -■ ,, <.,.„,„,. r. nrivate : enr. Ang. -I>, lot. CAPT. -MI.KS F. KITTS- COMPANY '"-■ '"'.-'^'^.^.a |-!::.^;::;b:;'.:!-2^iirnur^^^D2:8^; !]s:i:-J;a;ni;;:^e.;it:;;::ryi;:^5:"-^'- F,.lt, Jami-8 F., sergt.; enr. Aug. 7, 180- ilall. AI..II7.0 P., sergt.; enr. .\iig. 7, 1802. llei.l, 1l..|l.y I.., sergt.; enr. A..g. 1, 80 la... Truman W., sergt.; enr. A..g. U'. 1«02; C,„per, llealt.... W., serM.; enr. A..g. 8, 18ti2 U,l.'.-ock, 0,e»tes C, 1-t '•-■P-; enr. Aug. 4, 1802. Segu.-, Ab.„»., 2.1 eorp. ; e.,r. Aug. 8 18 .. J'"""."™ ;! I.arb sVl 4t c... p ; . nr Ang. 21, 1802. A "kl-v. Will Pill.f.lh .-.■i-p. ; e.... Auu. 18, Ub-. Runes Levi, (-.11. cotp. ; enr. Ang. 12, 18b2. Catlin, diaries, p.ivate ;e..r. ■■v"P- "■■ ;, ".-g-, Conatit, George G., private ; enr. A.,g. -0, 18C-. Cory. James, private ; enr. Aug. 8, 18C2 l-l.,rk, Fr.-.leri.-k, privaf ; enr. A,.g. 9, If-- ( l.atii,, Willi,,... II., prtvate ; enr Aug. 11, 18b2. Catl v, Adn.-y, privat.- ; enr. Aug- H, 1'*'-- , Carley, Louis P., privat.-; '-"^Ai g. H, 18b-. Davis. Patrick, private; '">[- A"K- -i'. If ■^- Dnrfee, Asa, private ; enr. Aug. 2", f -i- Dealing, Fo'ster M private; e,.r .\..g. 4 1M2 D.ln.er, Tbon.as J., private ; enr Aug. .1, 181 .. Fox, llnane W.,I.i-iv..te; enr. A,.g. 18 I8b.. Gh.ss, Willian., private ; enr. Aug. -U, 18b.j^ Ui-unl, Uodolphus, pnvate; ™;- A»g- I';.;'"'- Gal.-s, John M., private; enr. Aug. .,1»0-- Gree.;, An.lrew J., private ; '-"r. Aug. 8, 180 Gr.in.nio,,, Am. s P., p.iyate; >•""- A"*-."',}^!;- GriBin, James M.. pr.vate ; enr July .11, Ub Gardner, Cl,„k D., private ; enr.July .i , 18-. Gr.-eii, L.n„,n 1>., private; •■>"-,A"P; ';'•, .f G,-i-..v, Willian,, private ; enr. A.,g. 8, 181... 1, rliogton, Jiiilsoti, private ', '•»;-.A"g^ ^1, 1802. lln..li.-.s,I).-los. private; .-nr. Aug. 21, 18b-. pkin; Willi,.... W., private ; enr. Aug. 18, 1802. „'bl„.r.l Willia... A., private- enr. Aug^ 21, 1802. Hang, Micl,a,-1. private ; enr. Ai g. 8, 18b-. Hill, iieorge K., priv,.te; enr. A»g- N 1" "- Hainmon.l, Wyatt, pnvate ^ f- A'^j'^'' ; Jf - Hay,b„. Eilwiii. pnvate; ™' -,! . -M li, -. ll«z.M, Henry, piiv,.te; enr. Aug. 2', If -• Halel, Henry 1,., private ; <••"■- AbK-l;, 1^0-;, Isliani, Geo.ge F., private ; e,.r A. g. 21 18b-. Jones, Sell. C, private; enr. Aug. 14, If- iamiiierson, James, priYte; ™--- A"/;, 3-,;^^^^'^- J,„kins, Manfopl pnvate ; "''; '^"x-,- "'l, j^ij. Kill..irn, Geol-g.- W., pnvate ; •■'";*"?,-,'■,•„.,'" Jan.is, C-barl.s E., private; enr. Aug- -^L I'-';-- t kmiV, tber, Thomas, private ; enr. Aug. 18, 180-. I K .ig, Dennison, private; cr. Aug. 8, li*-^ i Lyimn.l-alel.N., private; ent. Aug. 18, l8b L,ir, lloniii.iekW.. private; ">];-, A"B- "i'^-- Miller, AnsiMi, pnvate: enr. Aug. -i. le - M riek, Austin R.. private; >•»;- A^'Sj 'j.,'""- M -eks, N.-1S...I, private; enr. Aug 8 18b 1 M..rti.;, K'-™.-" -priv;'- ;';"•■- ;\"f-j"'iJ,K.- 1 Moulton. ll.iiiy, pnvate ; enr. A't- 4, 'Y^^., ' Matt....... Nathan, privat..; .-nr. A. g. H- '7--„ I M l,v M o.- C, private; enr Aug. 1 -If 2- ' M tl.i-'llenry C.. privat.;: ';■"■■ .t".«A,tu'l'l802. Mi.ldlet.ni, Jani.s .«.. prtvat.- • •'"■ A"^- -';,^.f MeClisl.r, Will am, pr.vate - '^^ A"*-- -"i^',? McCartv, J..l,i. <;., I',"™': •"■„„"*:,,,' 13 1802. M.-rrill, lVi.jan,i„ v.. P"vate; .-nr. Ang. M,i8 ^vr'^bi^ii'ifTiv-r-A^gTioi'^oi. ^;;::^:pn^bIn:^ivate^.n.^Aug.2.802. Oil', Lester A., private; et... Aug. 2 U8'.2^^ 01,1s Jerotne R, private ; e.,r. A"»-^^'' 'f/isf,... Oat,...in, Panfoid G.. pnvat. ; .'"^■•^"*^:, -h'im-..^. IVlti.igale, Alon-.o A.,.pnvat. ni. A" . IK, l Patterson, William, linvate: ''/- ^ ''■\-",V .^ l-orter, Willar.1 C.. private ; ""^- A"f -^^V^SO^' Presley, Samuel W., imvate ; enr. Aug- ".l""-. Pvttingal.-. Manfoid A., pnvate; enr An-. H, !.l"ket^ Riel.ar.1, Private ;...- A.lg^ bt. 18b Pnnly, llnane >., p, ivate, ear. Aug . , Pi.U.-t, Walter, private; enr. Aug. -<•, IXb-- Potfr I!..n.ia,i.in, private; enr A. g. -M^O-. P„tt,r Bailev, privat..; enr. Aug. -1, ,f- ,, . .llkK-k. « iiliam, p.-ivate: en.; Ang. 2", 1802- Roale, Eli, private; -.ir. A"l-'- /= • 18.2 iiip;i:y?=.rpr;;;r'; ;;'»-,„, ^;;:r;J;:-g:i.^i.i^«ieV;.:^^2juf2. Spi .-r,l!...j"mi.i D, privaie; '"[■''"'■ ^^l^'^' 1 s,!.n..r.i, Hiniln S.. private; en,. A'^'. 8, lW;f- 1 S.,ni.e., J... k«..n, priv,.te; e..r. \W. 8. 180..^ S gnr, Wesley R, private; el... July -9,1812. UISTOllY OF JEFFEUSON COUNTiT, NEW YOUK;. 571 Siilmorf!, Franklin, private; cnr. July 3n, 1862. Smith, Cuiuiclic, private; enr. Aug. 11, 1»G2. Tyler, Charles D., piivute; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Wiishburti, Isuic H., privati^; enr. Aug. ■J4, 18G2. Wright, Jiuin-jj SI., private; enr. Aii«. 10, lKii.i. WhitforJ, Xatliaii, privatf ; enr. Au-. 21, 1802. W.'si-ott, Oliver, private; enr. Aiu. 19, 1802. Wedi, William II., private; enr. Aug. It, lst;>. Wright, .John 1*., private; enr. Aug. U, 1802. Wutxlanl, Siilm-y, privatt-; enr. Aug. 12, lSCi2. WoodarJ, Ileiirv, private; enr. Aug. 12, 18)12. Walker, Marcus J., private; eur. Aug. 1 (, 1802. Weaver, .Ii)hn G., priviite; enr. Aug. It, IS02. Wiight, Jariih, private; enr. Aug. I.J, 1802. Webster. Dean S., private; eur. Aug. l.'», 1802. W*hltforil, AUaulurt, private; eur. Aug. '21, lS02. Whitftini. Irving, private; enr. .\.ug. 21, 1802. WoiKliird, <;e .rgf W., private; enr. .\iig. '.I, 1802. Waite, Luvi J., private; enr. Aug. 21, iHiJi. Yerden, Franklin, private; enr. Aug. 0, 1802. CAPT. CHARLES C. ABELL'S COMPANY (C). 20 BATTALION. Ahell, Charie* C„ rapt. ; enr. July 2\ 1802. Kennefly, Alexander, lieut.; enr. Aug. 4, 1802. Aekermaii, Timutliy B., liout. ; .nr. July ;il, 1862. Com^tuek, William M., lieut.; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Miller, Kiigene. lieul. ; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Elliot, Kutene, Istsergl.; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Swilt, M. II., <|. m.-sergt.; cnr. Aug. 21, 1802. Wig-pCoiiH. Miltui), Berift.; enr. Aug. .'i, 1802. Slype, Williiini, 8ergt.; enr. July ;W. 1802. Fike.s, .\ilani, sergt.; enr. Aug. 4, 18C2. Will. Peter, '♦ergt.; enr. An,'. 1, 1802. Oriltin, Morrison, eergt. ; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. Miller, Man^hatl M., sergt.; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. \iMtin, Perry. Corp.; eur. Aug. 0, 1802. Mosher, Alie, Corp.; eur. Aug. 10, 1802. Pi>tt«T, A. W., cor]>.; t'ur. Aug. 0, 1802. Wooley, William, (kirp.; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. Lynde, Janie^ C, corp. ; enr. .\ug. 4, 1802. Strickland, Charley, corp. ; eur. Aug. 18, 1802. Kecd, Alhert U., eurp.; eur. Aug. 12, 1802. Sheldon. U. Franklin, mrp.; eur. July :io. 18C2. Merrick, lUibert L., cnrp. ; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. llaupf John G., corp.; eur. Aug. 21, 1802. Gn*eu, Newton E., corp. ; enr. .\ug. 4, 1802. Soulta, Julin M., corp. ; our. Aug. 4, 1862. Arlow, Samuel, artificer; enr. Aug. 21, 1«62. Sizeland, Ahr.im, artificer ; enr, Aug. 4, 1802. Sullivan, Edward, ariiflcer; enr. Aug. 2, 1802. Gillespie, Jeremiah, artificer; enr. Aug. U, 1862. Letter, Milo A., I'Ugler; enr. .\ug. 4, 1862. Ilouten, l8iutc, wagoner; cnr. Aug. 8, 1862. Bacon, Juhn J., private; enr. July ;J1, 1802. Bacon, Jeremy, private; enr. .\ug. 16, iSOi. Baird, B:irnev M.. private; enr. ,\ug. 8. 1802. Brotherton, Nathan, private; enr. Aug. 18, 1802. Brown, Ili-riry, private; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. Britton, John U., private; enr. Aug. 19, 1862. . liurhauN, David, jtrivate; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Burns, John, private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Burhautt, Otiear E., jjrivate; enr. .\ug. II, 1802. Checney, Elhridge, private; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. CloAS, Bichard, privnte; enr. Aug. 1, 1802. Conhcll, John, private; enr. Aug. 2, 1862. Crahli, (Ji-urge W., private; enr. Aug. o, 1862. Crahlt, .\nsoti I>., p:iv;ite; enr. July :il, 1862. ('i-alib, .\iidn-w J., priv.itf ; iMir. .\ug. .J. 1862. Chapiu, Charles E., private; enr. July ;U, 1862. Coller, John \V., private ; enr. Auj;. 9, 1802. Cotton, Knuici-' I>., private ; erir. Aug. 8. 1862. Childs, Lewis J., private ; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. Coiuatock, Chester, privat*; enr. Aug. 16, 1862. Conway, Jerome \V., private: eitr. Aug. 14, 1802. Conway. Theodore, priv.ite ; eur. Aug. 6, 1862. Csme, Willi.im P., private; enr. Aug. 5, 1862. Chnnhil!, i'|i;iriey, private; enr. Aug. i:t, 1862. Orinuiiius Jam '^, private: enr. Aug, 19, 1862. CVioper, Kob -rt M., private; enr. .\ug. 19, 1862. Dwyer, James S., private ; eur. Aug. 18, 1802. I)'>akin, Erwin A., private; enr. -Vug. 19, 1802. iKirsey, Natli III, private ; enr. .\ng. 0, 1802. I>»tr«L'y, Henry, privatw: enr. Aug, 2i». 1862. 1> innelley, Jam-'S. private ; eur. Aug. 8. 1802. Hmke. Charles F., private ; enr. .\ug. 20, 1802. Epiugton, Itoheit A., private; enr. Aug. 1^, 18G2. Evans, K«lgar, private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1802. l-ist'll, D.ivid. private ; cnr. Aug. 21, 1862. Fikes, Etiwin F., private; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Furt'st. Joim, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. Filming^, Andrew, |>rivate; cnr. Aug. 29, 18G2. Gleason, Calvin, private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1802. Gates, Fmucis S., private; enr. Aug. 18, 1862. Garrison. Silas, private; enr. Aug. 6, 1802. Ganliuer. Smith K., private; enr. Aug 11, 1S62. Green, Ch irle-s A., private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Ilnrlhnrt. J -el B.. private; enr. .\ug. 11.1802. Hungerf.-rd, Thoiniw It., privat-; enr, Aug, h, 18G2. Ilauvermiu, tin^r^e W., privatv ; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Hull, Merritt, private; enr. Aug. 19. 1S02. Hull, Elwin G. W,, private; enr, Aug. 9, 1862. Huntley, Scnecit I>.. private ; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Howoil, George W,, private; enr. Aug. 10, 1862. Hewitt, Hinim, private; enr. -Aug. 8, 1802. Hewitt, Lop'ti7..i, private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Hart, James K., priv.ile; cnr. Aug. 8. 1862. Howe, Charles SI., private; enr. .\ug. 8, 1862. Hewitt, Jtdin G., private; enr. Aug. l:t, 1862. Jerron. William II.. private; enr. .\ug. 16, 1862. JfMies, James, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1802. Klork, I'*a.ic, private : enr. Aug, 8, 1862. Keelen, Je-'Se P., private; enr. Aug. 11,1862. Kearney, Jamc^, |>rivate ; enr, Aug. 9, 1862. Lynde, Elliott, private; enr. Aug. 25, 1802. Lawton, Eugene L., private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Levi-, Albert F., prlvat?; enr, Aug. 6, 1862. Leahey, Jamctt. private; eu"", .Vug. 16, 1862. Lewiit, William, private; enr. .\ug. 9, 1802. Leashun, Alexitt, privare ; enr. Aug, 4, 1862. L'jike, Henry, privat--; eur. Aug. (*, 1802. Lvman, Peter, private ; enr. Aug. 18, 1802. Mclutyre, William, private ; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Mclntyre, Daniel, privat-; enr. .\ug. 1 t, 1862. .Mclntyrn, John, private; eur. Au^;. 8, IS62. SIcCatui, Daniel, private; unr. Aug. 18, 1862. Slonahan, Thonia^ private; enr. .\ug. II, 1862. McCrery, Kobert, private; enr. .\ug. (►, 1K02. SIur|ihy, John, |>rivale; i-nr. Aug. 19, 1862. Mutt-anI, William, private; enr. .\ng. Lt, 1862. Montondo. Anthony, private; eur. Aug. 2", 1862. Milli'^au, James K., private; eur. Aug. 19, |Kii2. Mitchell, Chester, private; enr. .■Vug. 20, 1802. 1 North, L-vi, private; enr. Aug. 8, 18''.2. North, Slartin, private; enr. Aug. o, 1802. North, Linus, privatt?; enr. Aug. 2, Iko2. Payne, Welcome, private; enr. .\ug. 4, 1802. Payne, .loHeph, private; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. , Persons. Boarduian, private; enr. Aug. 15, 1862. I Patton, John, private ; enr. Aug. I9, 1862. Perkins, Himm L., private; enr. Aug. <», 1862. Pickar*!, Jonathan, private; enr. .\ug. 8, 1862. Quinn, William, private; enr Aug. 14, 1862. Kickerson, John, private; enr. Aug. 4, 1862. Rickerson, t'harles W., private ; eur. Aug. 5, 1862, lleymdds, Einers »n, private; enr. July '6U, 1862. Roberdieu, Oliver, private ; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Riley, Thomas, private; enr. Aug. li>, 1862. Huse, Evelin, private; enr. Ang, 6, 1862. Rhuba-t, Samuid, private; enr. Aug. 18, 18ti2. Spnii:ne, De.\ler, private; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Souihwell, L. Wilson, private ; enr. Aug. 8,1862. Stro'*ee, Thomas, private; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Simpson, Jolin, private; eur. Aug. 9, 1802. Swift, John, private ; enr. Aug. 7, 1862 Sterling, Jtdin, private; enr. .Aug. 18, 1862. Spaulsbnry, Edwin, privato; enr. Aug. 8. 1802. Strimnnd, Alexander, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Steinhilhir, George W., private; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. Smith, Kansom, |irivate; enr. .\ug. 8, 1862. Scott, Nets m It., private ; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. St. John, Peter, private ; eur. Aug. 20, 1862. St. John, Ale,vander, priv.ite ; enr. -\ug. 15, 1802. St. John, Jeremy, private; enr. .\ug. 10, 1862. Stark, David W, private; enr. Aug. 8, 18*12. Taylor, Slarcus G., jirivale; enr. .Vug. 8, 1802. Turu'-r, Charles, private; enr. .\ug. 19. 1862. Vee, Olivfu-, priv.ite ; enr. .\ug. 18, 1802. Van .Mien, Peter, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. Van Allen, I'harles A., private; our. .\ug. 7, 1862. Varley. John, Jr., private; eur. .\ng. 27, 1862.' Walker, Slichael, private ; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Walker, Thoma-, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Woodcock, Isaac, private; enr. .\ug. 8, 1862. Williams, Seth It,, private; enr. Aug. 18, 1862. Weed, Allen T., private; enr. Ang. 8, 1802. Wehstei', Nathan (1, private ; enr. Aug. »», 1862. Wliipple, Franklin, private; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. CAPT. SENECA R. COWLES' (D) COMPANY. Cowle-4, Seneca R., capt. ; enr. 1802. Carter, Lucian E., 1st lu-nt.; cnr. 1802. Salter, tieor>;e.B., Ut lieut.; enr. 1862. Horr. Walter A., 2d lieut.; enr. 1802. Wanl, James S., 2d lieut.; our. 1862. Cook, Edwiird E , 1st sergt. ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Buchrnan. L'-wis, ipm-ser^t. ; enr. Aug. ."i, 1862. McSI alien, John B., duty sergt. ; enr. .\ug. 20, 1862. Scott, Chrisloph'-r E., 2d sergt.: enr. Aug. 20, 1802. Wood, Alon/o, ;id sorgt.; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Hinds, Danforth. 4th sergt.; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Thurher. Cullins K., 5th s-rgt. ; enr. .Vug. 5, 1802. Weaver, Houston, 0th sergt.; enr. Aug. 25, 1862. SimmoiiN, .\rthnr J.. 1st corp.; enr. Ang. 4, 1802. Blanchard, D.iniel W., 2d corp.; enr. Aug. 5, 1862. Coll'urn, Amos P., 4tli corp. ; enr. Aug. 11, 1802. Vibber. Hinim, 5ili corp.; unr. Aug. 2". IS02. Way, Daniel, 0th c rp.; enr. Ang. 11, 1802. Carter, Fn-derick C , 7lh corp. ; enr. July 31, 1862. Oberly, Frederick. 8(h c irp. ; enr. Ang. 11, 1862. Salter-*, Edwin D , 9th corp. ; enr. July Mi, 1862. Carpenter, Egbert, lorh corji.; our. .Vtrg. 21, 1802. Covey. Charles P.. lllli Corp.; enr. July 28, 1862. Becker, George, 12th corp. ; enr. Aug. 2ti, 1862. Schrue, Fred'k A., Isl ariiticor; enr. Aug. 14, 1862. Sigsland, John, 2d artificer; enr. Ang. 18, 1802. Ives, Newell E,. ;td artificer; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Bates. Wetitley E,, Ist hngler; enr. .\ng, 5, 1802. Lewis, Henry M., 21 bugler; enr. Aug. 5, 1802. Adncr, Charles, private; enr. .\ug, 9, 1862. Ashcrnft, FraTtklin E.. jirivate; enr. -Vug. 11, 1862. Avery, tJardner, private ; «'nr. .Vug. 9. 180 i. Ballanl, George, private; enr. Ang. 9, 1862. Barlett. Henry J., private ; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. B.issi'tt. Sloses, private; enr. -Vug. 1, 1802. Bentley, George, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Beach. Isaiiili S.. private; enr. Aug. 11, ls02. Bengh, Dieterich, private; enr. Ang. 11, 1K02. Ben -01, Itufus B. private; enr. July 20, 1802. Becker, <"hirbs D., priv.ite; eur. Aug. 9. 1802. B-issnot. .\Iun/.o .\ , private ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862, Briiland, 4Jeorge J., private ; enr. .\ug. 21. 1862. Br.iss;iiil. Kug<-ne, )irivate ; enr. .\iig. 19. 1862. I Brown. {;iark T., private: enr. Aug. 2u, 1862. I Bushnell, Charles O., private; enr. Aug. .7, 1862. Bascimi, Nathan L., private; enr. Aug. 14, 1862. 1 Bissuot, James, piivate; enr. .\u'.;. 11, 1862, Carpenter. Charles A., private ; enr. .\ug. 6, 1862. , Carpenter, John H.. private; enr. .\ug. 9. 1862. 1 Covey, Albert, private; enr. July 28, 1862. Covey, Georgip, private; our. July 28, 1862. ' Cownu. Edwin R., private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Cmnrivate; enr. Aug. II, 1862. Oowner, Sda-, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Clinttman, Levi C., private; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Cunuingbani, William, private; enr. .Aug. 8^1862, Chun-hill, George M., priv.ite; enr. 19, 1862. Cowan, John, private; enr. Aug. 15, 1862. Davis, Philip, prodi;e, Ltirrinlon, private; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. Dehiucy, Gaylonl, private; enr Aug. II, 1802.. Eldred, Albert II.. private; enr. Aug. H, |H62. Exfnnl, tieorge W.. private; enr. Aug. 21, 184;2. Kvaiis, Roselle, private ; enr. July 28, l8t;2. Everett, .VnioM, private ; ear. Ana. 7, 1862. Fox, Henry S., private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Fox, Benjamin F., private; enr. .Vng. 21. 1802. Fraucii*, Gilbert E , private; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Galloway, John W., private; enr. July 29, 1802. Galloway, Francis M., private; enr. 'Aug. 5, 1802. Gndiam. William, private; enr. .\ug. 18, 1862. Green, John, private; cnr. Aug. 21, 1>*62. Hastings, Edgar, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. Hastinjis, Henry T. private; enr. Aug. 19, 1862. Haller, Audrew, private; enr. .Vug. II, 1862. Ingriiham, iieorgo E , private; enr. .Vug. 7, 1802. Jabas, Frt^ierick L., private; enr. Aug. 18, lsr>2. Keating, Thonia", private; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. KlJngner, Hendrick, privnte; enr. .Vug. 5, 1«02. Kelmer, Joseph II., private; enr. Aug. 9, 1802. Leo. John N., private; enr. Aug. 9, 1M02. Leach, Slartiu, private ; i-nr. Ang. 21, 1862. Legacy. Wdliani, private; enr. July 26, 1862. Lewis, Wdliam .1., private; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Lord, William .M., privato; eur. Aug. 21. 1802. Mead, John F., private; enr. Aug 9, 1862. Slallen, Kol.erl, private ; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. SIcLane, John, private ; enr. Aug. 21. 1862. Mulvany, John, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1861. McC^jruiick, Peter, private; eur. Aug. 21. 1862. Mould, Henry, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. O'C'Onner, Patri.-k, private ; cnr. .Vug. II, 1802. Ormasiun. Hugh, private ; enr. Ang. 20, 1862. Panlee, William E.. priv.ite; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. Petty, Hii-am J., pnvate; enr. .Vug. 11, 1862, Rogers, Daniel, private; enr. .Vug. 21, 1802. Rogers, Eli J., private; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Samlers. Roselle, private; enr. Ani:. 11, 1862. Scovill, Henry L.. private; enr. Ang. II. 1862. Scott. Byron, private ; enr. .Vug. 21, l8tV2. Scluyer, Nicholas E., private; enr. Ang. 21. 1862. Shattock, C^dvin, private; enr. Aug, II. 1802. Simmer, ('harles J., private; enr. .Vug. 11, 1862. Stevens, Lnther N., private ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Sweet. I^orenzo, private; cnr. Aug 2it, 1862. Shult/., Charles, private; enr. Atig. 11, 1862. Sanders, Fninklin, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Townsend, Charles H., private; enr. .Vug. 20, 1862. I Tn,John L., ^'ergl.; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Swan, Slartin D., sergt.; enr. An;:. 19, 1862. R^indall, Sylvanus, Corp. ; enr. .Vug. 9, 1862. Abbott, George, lorp, ; enr. Ang. 8, 1862. Bullock, Alonzo SI., cor|». ; enr. .Vug. 8, 1862. Moody, Henry H., con»- ; enr. .Vug. 8, 1862. Church, Rollin *'., corp. ; enr. Aug. 5, 1802. Harrington, Fmnk, corp,; enr. Aiig. 9, 1802. Gl-ascm. Nathaniel N, c.rp.; enr. Aug. 0, 1802. Littlefield, Miles C. Corp.; enr. Aug. 11, 1862. Oates, Slichanl. corp.; enr. Aug. 5, 1802. Mailbtnd. William I!., corp.; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Brown. Thonia* J., corp. ; enr. Aug. 2o, 1862. Kennedy. Edwin T.. Corp. ; Aug. 20, 1802. Kilby, Fninc s N.. bugler; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. .Vllen, Loren/o B.. bugler; enr. Aug. 19, 1862. Lawr .nc-, A. G.. artificer; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. Joiner, F. D., artificer; enr. .Vug. 20, 1802, Woodw aril. Ezn. artificer ; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. Owens, William, artificer; enr. Aug. 8. 1862. IVleni. Elias. .artificer; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Comins. J'diu, artificer; enr. .Vu^. 6. 1862. .Vllen, Jani'*s, private; onr. Aug. 21, 1862. Albro, Warren. privat"; enr. Aug. 11, 1862. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Ah-rn, Con>Mliw, pnvate; onr. Aug. 8, J8«2. B,.rk.r, Hi. liar,!. ,.r.v»t.-, inr. A-S-f. '""•„„ Ikichfl .r. ..r...-j Pni.iel 1-., private: ""f, A"8- -^^ *'*■ Be..t..M, Kil.-.v K., private; '>"■• ■'"I''. -^^ 'f- B„v, .-, Skinner, private; enr. Aap. «. l«Of • Bri..kL. «ie..r;;e W., private: enr. Aug. 8, l^ra- Br... ", d. .rles >1.. private : enr. Ang n.lw... Bri.t..!, ltan».n.. priv.,te ; .nr. Ang. IJ. 1»0. Biunhin,, (.liver W.. pnvate : enr. Aui.-. 4 \^^i. C>n-nler,J«hn, Jr., p.iv.,te; enr. Ang. il, 1^C.. Carler, John M., private : enr. Ang. il,_18b2. Dialer, John, private: enr. Aug. -1, 18<'- C„..k, ClmrlenS, pnvate: e.ir. Aug. jl, 1862. fr .ft, Alonzo, private : enr. Aug. h, Wh C..l.nrn, Clmci™, private : enr. Ang. 8 180.. C.l.l.. P.n-.v. pr.vate; enr. Aug. 8, 180. Clafln. Henr.v, private; .nr Ang^8 186. Cn-hinau,Lliane., pr.vate; enr. Aug. 8, 180.. C..lli^^ AL.nzo I., pnvat.-: enr. Ang^A 186.. l)«v, Joseph, pnv.le; enr. Aug '."«■-• I>ay, Alf ed L . pnvate ; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Damon, Albert, private; enr. Aug 7, ISC'- Diugni .n, Ljni.n, pr.vate; eirr. Aug. 11, 1862. D,)wner, A. J., private; enr. Aug. 8, 18r... l).,„nel...n. Henr.v. privale ; enr. Aug If", I*"'- Dye, U. Volney, privai.- : enr. Aug. il, 180.!. K.rr, llnvia, privajc ; enr. Aug. ., 1861. F,lli.iore, UlyssOT, pr.vate; enr. AuR. 8,180.. Killniore, Willi .n., pnvate; enr Aug. 11, 1»^... Kinney, Svlvest.r. pr.vate; enr. Aug. 6, 186.. Finnev, «e..r.e W.. pnvate; enr. Aug. 0, W,' Fra/,ier,Ge..rge M., private; enr. An.:. 9, 186.. (;nnnell, Janiea, private; enr. Aug. ]i.W(.i. Crave*, Jesae B.,p ivate; enr. Aug. J. 180-- IJreen, Henry J., private ; enr. Ang. i' . ''f^- Green, Chartea N .p..vate; enr. Ang_2«^18C.. (:r..lT, Martin, private ; ei.r. Aug. 1^, 180;-. llateh, Kli A., pii'ate; ear. Ans:. 21 , 186.!. llarter. P. f., private: .nr. .Vng. 21, 180-. Hen.lee, ll.m.. r X., pr.v..te; enr. Aug-!'. 1862; Hininan, Willi.m M.. pnvate ; enr. Aug 8, 180.. Hinn.an, Samuel I), pnvate; enr. A.is^l, 186-2. llorr, Warren, private; enr. Aug. 8, 18(?2. Horr, Biley, private: enr Aug. 18, 18M. Ho.r, Austin W., pnvate: enr Au,: 18. 18C-. Hovev, George, private: enr. Aug. 4, 1862. Hunter, Aaron E., private; enr. Ang. ■♦'1862. Jackdon, Cliarles C, pr.vate ; enr Aug. 20. 1862. Jackson, Thon.a9, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. James, Svlv.ster I,., private; enr. A. .g. 2", 1862. James, Alouzo T., private; enr. Ang. 8, 1862. Jeffers, T. L., private; enr. An? 9, 1802. Johnson, Uavhl, privale; enr. Aug. 21, 18'.-. Keye, J..hn W., private; enr. Aug. 12, 18.2. Kemp, In., Jr., private; enr Aug 8 J802. Kill.y, K. B,. privale; enr. Ang. 21, 1862. laing, Willi.ini, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Lane, Amos, private ; enr. Aug. 0, 1802 Larkins, Seth, private; car. Ang. o, 1802. lairkin.", Henry D , p ivate ; enr. Aug- 8, ISO-. MHyn..rd, (ieorge N.. pilvale; enr. A.lg. 18, 1862. Maitli.nd, K..l.ert, private ; enr. Ang. 2(1, 1862. Metcalf, liyron. private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Mcl).inalil, Ilarv.y, private: enr. Aug. 9 1862. M.lilpin, George, piivnte ; enr. Aug. "> l"''- Mel,'.iml.e.-, Cl.aries, private; enr. Aug. II, 1862. MotI, Wllliain, private; enr. Ang. 11. 180-- MoiHly, Seymour B , private; enr. Aug. Jl. 18'>-. Newell, Henry W. private; enr. Aug. 12, 1862. Nestle, Oliver, privale ; enr. Aug. 5, 1802. Nutting, Allwrl, pnvate; enr. Aug. 0, 1802. Oti', J.'hn P., privale; .nr.Aug.S, 1802. Parsons, Ersk.ne I), private; enr. Aug. 21,1802 Parker, John, private; enr. Ang. 5, 1862. Penny, Amiil, private ; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. Pennv, Sell. H., privale; enr. Aug. 21), 1802. P.nny, Enistus II., private; enr. Ang. 8, 1802. P.ilter, Chari.s A , priv.te; enr. Aug. 6, 1862, Pre-ly, Francis M . private; enr. Aug. 4,1802. Kiin.lall, Hil.l, private; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. Uichanls. Si.lney S , private; Aug. 21, 1862. Kickett, G.-..rge N., private; enr. .\ug. zl, 1862. Kipley,'rhart..s A., privale; enr. Aug. .1, 1862. Ke...l,J..hn P., privale; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Rt sergt.; enr. Aug. 4 1802 w'is.,,;. 18,n A.,q..n.-serg..; enr. Aug. 11,1862. C.rnwall, Wilson J., sergt.; enr. Aug. 11, 18(... Gre,."leaf, Oe..rgeC.,sergt.; enr. Aug 4,1.-62. Evans, John S., K-rgt.: enr. Aug. 6 M2. Bniuks, Otis si.rgt.; enr. Ang. ".1862. Bun.lletl, Alfred D., sergt.; enr Aug. 9, 1802 S,,..illding, Charles i.., ».-rgt. : '"'^- Aug. 21, 180.. O^K.per, Jlartin, corp.;.enr. Aug. .^1. 1802 W..bster, GiH.rge, Corp. ; enr. A.ig_ 11, J,!;"- Mar>hall, T. Benton, eorp. ; ei.r. Aug. -•. ;862. Simons, John H.,corp.: ,nr. .\ug. 21 1802. p„,.ler, James P., Corp. ; enr. Aug. >■, l>-0. Wbitaker, Edward W., corp. ; enr. Aug. H, 1862. Sartwell, G<«rge E., Corp. ; enr. Aug II 180 Jlak.-peace, Solom..n, Jr., Corp. ; enr. Aug. 28, 1802. Waters..!., E.I»ard,corp.; enr. A"g. 6 1862 Phillip-, William D.,<-..ip.; »•'"■; Aug. 12, 186>. Sw.et, William D.,corp.; enr. Aug. 4.1862 IL.fliuan, Jonathan, coip.; enr. .\ng. 1 , 186 . Pa.ker. K..l»..n O.. bugler: enr. Aug. 2 . l*^- T iner, Arthur F.. bugler; enr. .\ug. 21 I8(V2 A.ll.irt, Itobeit E., artificer: enr. Au^. 19 1802. Hayes, John T., arlifi. ir ; enr. Aug. ', 'W^. liruso J..I.... Jr.. arlin.-er; enr. Aug. 11, 1862. Forie^ William H., artificer; enr. Aug. 29 802 Simpson, J. William, «"?""" '.'"'■/"f.i*' l*"' AgeV; L..ren J., priv.ate ; enr. Aug 4, 1802 Austin, Zailock B., private; enr. Aug 7 1802 Abbott. Sherman L., pnvate; enr Aug. 1 1862. Anderson. Jenin), private ; enr Aug 2;. 1862. Averv, William, privale; enr. Aug. 28, 1862 Apple, Il»lri^on, l.rivate; enr. Aug 26, 1802 Sithtt, Chari« cpiivale; enr.Aug.9 1862. Bishop, Ira L., p^ ivale ; enr. Aug. 11 1862. Brus... Edwar.1, pnvale; enr. Aug. 11, U6 . Busbr, M..rga.i, priv.ile ; «"• Augl^'. 186-. Bartlett, Jacob, private ; enr. Aug. 28 1862. Betz, Jacob, private ; enr. Aug. 28, 1862. tnass. Jam™, private ; enr. Ang. o ISO.. Curtis, William S., private ; enr .M.g 11 1862. Comwall, Oscar, pnvate ; enr. Aug. 11. 186i- Cole, George W private; <■■•'■• A>>8-;.ll>0^- Combs, Jan.es, Jr., pnvate ; enr. Aug^ 7. 1802. C..ok,Orr.n. private: enr. Ai'g- '.JSO^- Carnagie. Hiram, pnvate ; enr. Aug. 1.^,1862. Cl..u.e, J.ihn, private ; enr. Aug. .! ; 1«6-- Chase, Sipiire, private ; enr. Aug. 21 1862 Cos^rove G.orge II., private; enr. Aug. 2 1862 Coslrove James, Jr., l.rivate ; enr. Aug. 2 1862. Conant, Kichard, private ; enr. Aug 19 1802 Davton Lyman J., private ; ""■ ^"S*']*^- Dobbins, John S., private; <■"■■■ A 'B»-,'''|?- Dillin, Myron G.,pnvate; enr. Aug. 4, 1862. Dillin Jiion C, private ; enr. Aug. 4, 1862 . elani, Fninei, II., private ; enr. Aug^ II. 1862. Davis, M..rris G., privale ; enr^A.ig.l9 1862. Dunn, Michael, private ; enr. A11g.4i.l8W. Evans, Barton, private ; ei"-- /ug. 20 1802. Ely, l>.rman, private; enr. Aug. ^]-J>^''-- F..ldv, Warren, privale; enr. Aug- 2., ISC- Ed.- v, Svlvester. private ; enr. Aug. 28, 186-. rre,;mail, George W., private ; enr Aug. 4 1862. Ferguson, Samuel, private ; enr. Aug- ■ ,186-. Franklin. Wiirani E., private ; enr. Aug 21 1802. Feltit, Frederick, private; enr. Aug. 27. 1802 Faulkner. Stephen, pnvate ; enr Aug. ,862. Gokev, Anthony, pnvate; enr. Aug. 4 1802 Grav William A., pnvate; enr Aug 12 1862. !L;n, J..sel.h, privale; enr. Aug- 1-^. 1«C2. nwrg.'. S..n,ia... private; enr. Aug 2 , 1862. Hart; Enoch, private ; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Hnnilv, Henry, private: enr. Aug- 4, 1802 imntal.-, Tl.onuu., pnvate ; '■"■■ A ug- ' • 1»»'!. Hough, la-an.ler, pnvate; enr. Aug. 1, 180.. Hunter. Chari.s, private ; -n^- fig .1, 180-. Hil.lielh, Ephraim.pnval.-; enr Aug. 11. 1802. I .wlan.l, jieeph, private; enr. A-g- H. 18B2;, Hawkins, George C, pnvale ; enr. Aug. 6 1802. IDintby, Al.mwM.nvale; <•'"■ A'g- '• 1;''2. Hart, Albert, privale: «■"•• A"K- • • '"W- Hawn, Ge..rgo E., pnvale ; '»'■ ■''"fJ\-,}'^^X^ Hubbard, 0.i..mns, pnvale; enr. Aug. 21.180.. Hen.slreH, Henry G., private ; enr Aug 18,1862. Hill, H. I>. W.. privale; enr. Aug. -L 180-- Hub..ii. Denn s, private ; .nr. Aug. .. . 1>0-. J..rar,l. William, private; enr. .\ng.9 1862 Jernol, J..bn W.. pnvate; enr. A ig. .j, 180.. June, E/r.., prival..; enr. Aug- 2", 1802; JCW..II, J.«e, prival..; enr. Ang. 21,1862. Kring, J..hn, pnvale; i-nr. Aug- 4.18 ... Ket. h..m. Waller, privale ; enr Aug 12 1862. Kiu.l.»ll. Hiram, private; enr. Aug- !•■, 18'.-. I.athr..p, Savillion. pnvat.; ; '"■ Aug. 12 1862 Lawreme, William, pnvate; ear Aug. 21. 1802. M..n,e. James W., private ; enr. .\ng. 4 1S62 Miller, Samuel B. pnvate ; enr. Aug. JI. '««-• Mill.r.J..-eph A. private ; enr^ Aug. I... 1862. Nou.r,Rudol|.h. private; enr. Aug. II, 1802. Sorlhr..p, Andrew J., private; «•"■;■ A^-^J;,'*^- Olnev, Darwin V., pnvate; enr. Aug. 8, 18l.-. Parker. Gordon W.. private; -nr. A..g 4 S62. I Pntme.Oeorg.. H., |.rivale; enr. Ang. M, 1862. Pierce George, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Patten, Henry, j.rivate; enr. Aug. 5. 1862. Phillips, William II., private; enr. Ang. ..186-. Phillips. Marvel, privale; enr. Aug. 21. 1802. Plant, Joseph, privaf; enr. Ang. 9. 1802 Paltereon. Solon B.. privat.-; enr. Aug 14 1862. Putnam. Isaac, private; enr. Aug. 2", 18^. P,.rter, Davi.l, private: enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Phillips Amaziah, pnvate; enr. Ang. 28, 1862. Ragat, Charies. privale; enr. Aug 11, 1862 Roberlsi.n, 1 haries. private; enr. Aug. la. 1862. Kussel, George, privale ; enr. Aug. 2,, 1862 llobbin8..n. Jlilford. pnvale; enr. Aug. 2., 1802. RnsscI.EIias, privale: enr. Aug. 28, 1862 Sprague, C harles A ., pnvate ; enr. Aug. 27 1862 slml-iin, William H.. pnvate; enr. Aug 4, 1802. Sykes, Lewis, private; enr. Aug. lo, 1802. sirtwell, Kin.l all »., private; enr Aug. 11, 1862. Slearora. Egbert R.. pri>ale; enr. Aug. 11, 180.. Stearnes. Henry B., private: enr. Aug. "j l""^- Salsbury, Alans..n C, pnvate; .nr. Aug. 11. 1862. Seym..ur, Jeremiah, private; enr. Aug. .1, 1802. Shelev, Nelson, private; enr. Aug. 11, 186'.. Swai.; Warren, p. ivale; enr Aug. 7, 180.. Shea. J..bn, privale; enr. Aug. .,1862 Smilh, Stephen A. pnvate ; enr. Aug^O 1862. Senael... W illiam, privale ; enr Aug .,186-. Say.r, I'el. r A . i.rival.-; enr. Ang. 11, 1862. SUvens, Allen, private; enr. Ang. 1'. '862. Snal.burg, William A., pnvale; enr. Aug. 18,180-. Sweet, J..b, privale ; enr. Ang. 21, 1862. Shaw, Oliver U.. pnvale; enr. Aug. 21, 1862 Swan, Jofeph C, privale : enr. Aug. 2., 1862 Sl.ai.noi., Daniel, private; enr. Aug. 28, ls02. Si«.lsl...rg. J..hn J., pnvale; enr Aug. 21. l'-C2. Tyler, Hiram W., private; enr. Aug. a, 1862. Van liiocklin, Benjamin, pnvale ; enr. Aug. 4, If 6L. Van Tassel, Byn.n, priv.ate; enr. Aug .i. 18.6- Van Tas.s.1, George W.. piivat.-; <•'"■• Aug- ^, 1862. Welch, William, private ; enr. Aug. 21, 180-. Walralh, George G., pi ivate ; enr. Aug 4 1862. Walls, (ialmon D.. private ; enr. Aug. 4, 1802 Warner, Jonathan, private ; enr. Aug. H. 1*'62. Wils..ii. Eugene, private; enr. Ang. 11. 186- Wheeler, Gilbert, p. ivate ; enr. Aug. 12. 1802. Wbitaker, Austin, privale ; enr. Aug. 7, 186-. Zeller, Harrison W., pnvat.- ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. CAl'T. KCSSELL B. BIDDLECOM'S CO. (B), 2D BATTALION (CO. G OF REG.). Biddl.com, Russell B., c.pt.; enr. 1802 Mar>l.all, G..vera H , 1st lieut.; enr. 1862 Chapn.an, Eugene A., Isl lieut ; enr. 1862. Bothers, Victor B., 2d lieut. ; enr. 186-. Hart, William J., M lient. ; enr. 186-. Knnd.ll, Cbari.s L.. Isl s.-rgl.; enr. July 28, 1862 Gilli.igham, Watson W , q. ni -sergt. ; enr \ng. 6, 62. Wanl. Il.nrj, Jr.. sergt ; .nr. July 28, 1862. Irvin, Henry, sergt.; enr. Aug. 21, 186-. Collins, Gc-orge II., serf I.; enr Aug. 19, 1802. Enos, G.orpe W., 8..rgt.; enr. July .». 1862. Kilborii. John, sergt.; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Austin, Chester B., sergt. ; "•"r/"?- '■ '*^^- Alb-n, Charii-8 K., corp. ; enr. Aug. 19 1862 Hughes, Patrick J., corp. : ej.r. Aug. 1862. A11..I., Ad.lm E., c.rp.; enr. Aug. 19 1862. Dilbnback, J. Wesley, Corp.; enr Aug. 7 1862. Haskina, R.d.ert W.. en-.: enr. Ju y 28 1862. N.llis, Peter W., Corp. ; enr. Aug.2 180 Ed.ly, Lewis W., corp. ; .nr. .\ug. 19, 1802. Rous.-, Merrick, Corp.; enr. Aug. 0, 180.. y,.rk, Charies V., crp. ; enr. Aug. 8, 1802 (lark, Uinren N.. c..n>. ; enr. Aug. 21, 180-. Warren, Sumner 11., Corp. ; ear. Aiig. 11, 1862. Dean, Z.-nas D.. i-orp. ; enr. Aug. 18. 180.. Comsl..ck, Wm. H., artificer ; enr. Ai g. 0, 1862. Greenbaf, G.-orge D., a.tlficer; enr. July 28, 1862. Thom,*..n. Frank M.. amhcer: enr. .\ug. 0. 1862. Whel..ck, Daniel, aitiflc.r: enr. Aug. ■•• If"- McDon..iigb, John, ar.ift.er : enr. Aug. 2^ 1862. Kellv, William, arlificvr; enr. Aug. i_. I80-. Dnik.-, Ii.-xterT., bugler; enr. Aug. ., 1862 Walrath, George ll.,bugl.-r; enr. Aug 1 1802. Al.la-y, Jairiis, prival.. ; enr. Aug. .,186 Babcock, William, pnvat.-: enr. Aug. 11.186.-^; Ballanl, Vulney B., private; enr. Aug 2", 186.. Barbo, G.-..rge, private; ei.r. Aug. 20^^180-. Barton, E.lward. privale ; enr. Ang. 21. 186-. Banter, Fer.linan.l, privale ; enr Aug -'. 1802. B.mis, J. Henry, private; enr. Aug 21, ISO.. Brilton,G.-org.-, private; ..nr. Aug. l.i, 1802. Brown, Albeit, l.rivate ; enr. Aug. 9. 1802. Birch, Nibs, private; enr. Aug. ■% 186-. tarl,«, Lewis, private; enr. Ang. 2", ISO Carlo., William II., pnvat.-: enr Aug 20, 1862. easier, Jam.-8 M., private ; enr. .\ug. 21, 1802 Chase, William S., i.rival.-; .-nr. Aug. •'• 1«;2- Classen, Edward I... privat-; enr. Aug. l.-.^1862. C..hl., Ephraim, private: enr. Aug. .1, 1N>-. Cokely, l>,.ni.l, private; enr. Aug- 6, 1862. Cole. Kan>..m J., privat.- : .nr. July 28, 1862. Dariing,Thoni.«S., pnvat.-; enr. Aug II, 1862. Delay. Robert, private ; enr. Aug. 8. 180.. D.,n.-v, Wa»hingt..n, pnvat.-; enr^Ang. 20, 1862. F^ck.rt, J..hu, privale; enr. Anz. ■■180-. E.-kerl, Nicl...ls, private; enr. .July .11, 80.. Ellis, Alphonz.., privale; .-nr. Aug. 19, 1862. Ellis, J..m.-s, private; enr. Aug 21, 180- Evans, Cl.arl.-., private; enr. Aug. 2(1, 180.. F,.rro«s Archibald M., prival.-; .-nr. A g. 9 1802. Farr, J. Dem|wl-r, prival.- ; .nr. Aiig. -1, 180- Fik.-,G.s.rg.-, private; 'ur. Aug. 4 180. F.irl..s.J..h.., l.rivate; '-"■■■ Aug. 21, ISO-. Fonl, Mylan.1 H., privat.-; enr Aug 19, 1802. I F..«ter, Charies, private; enr. Aug. 21, ISC- HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 573 A- Frotlcnl.iiruli, Eliiid, privalo; enr. Aup. 7.1862. Frxwl, Willhiin, privato; fiir. Aug. K, ^t^ii2. Cittli's, tii'urgc W'., privntr; enr. Aug. 1, lHfi2. GHnllitT. Putnam 1., private; rnr. Am:. 21, 18C2. Cilliiigliittii, Saniiul, privati'; lur. Aiip. 1*J, 1W52. Gillnmii, C-Mig.- I>.,priv!ii*-; iiir. July 2i'>, 18*ii. G<"'»lricli, Bvri"ri, private; cur. Aug. I**, isiVZ. Golhiini, Fnimis H., privat*-; enr. Aug. 1», lHfi2. Guthani, G. S. Aliir.il, privatt-; *'iir. Aug. Il,18(i2. Gotham, K<)ssw<'ll It., private: eitr. Aug. 12, 18(i2. (irulitin, Willijiui. private; eiir. Aug.yn, 1S(;2. Gmmlie, Juliu M., [trivate: cnr. Aug. :*, IHCI. Gruvet*. Sariiiii'1 M., private; enr. Aug. 18, IH. Hickit, (Igileii B.. private; enr. Aug. lil. lMi2. Hill. P' l"e, ]»rivate; enr. Aug. 8, lKi;2. Hill. Wareham C, private; enr. .Inly :il, 1SG2. Ilnwe. Genrgt' W.. private; enr. Aug. .'», 1862. HuilMin, (ieorge W.. private; enr. Aug. 12. 1862. Huiit.r, ilenry, private; enr. Aug. 211,1862. Hutcliin)<^>n, flmrle-, private; enr. Aug. 11, 1862. Ji'linsnn, I'hiiie-. privat-; enr. Aug. .1, 1862. Jalin'«on, KUjali .1., private; enr. Aug. 21. 1862. Jnhnaon, Jotliani W., private; enr. Aug. 8, 186'2, Joles, Jiiliu-, jtrivate; enr. Aug. 21, 1K62. Joles. Levi, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1SG2, Jules, William, priviite; enr. Aug. 27. 1S62. Juk-i*. Will slow, private; enr. Aug, 21, IK62. Keneley, Patrick^ private ; enr. Aug. HI, 1862. Kinyuii. Iliniin, private; enr. Aug. 4, 1S62. Kinyon, Serrell, private; i*nr. Aug. lit, 1»*62. Kiti'urn, Alphetis J., private; enr. Aug. 7, 1862. Uicure, diaries, private; enr. .\ng. 21. 1862. La Graves, tleorge W., private; enr. Ann, 21, 1862. Lani)>sun. William, private; enr, .\ng. 21, 1H02. Ijewis, Joliri W., private: t-nr. Auk- 5, l'<62, Livingston, Harrison, private ; enr. .^n;r. 11, 1862, Lt>oker. .\lvah, private ; enr. Aui:. 21, 1862. Lowe, Ih-los, private ; enr. Aug. 0, 1862. Miirtin, George ('., priv;ite ; enr, Aug 8, 1K62, Mrlntyre. Harrison, private; enr. Aug. 18, 1862. McNett. Anlrew J., private; enr, Aug. 6, IWiJ. Slontiney. Henry H,. private; enr, Aug. ^, lKt;2. Montiney. Joseph, private ; enr. Auu'. 8. 1862. M»>yer, Henry, private; enr, Au;:. II, 1862. Myers. Jame;^ II., private; enr. .\ug, 21. 1862. i'lekard. I.ynian. p l\-Hte; enr, Aug. 4. 1862. Pii'|-» -n. George H.. i»rivale; enr. Aug. 8, 1862. Pnilt. George A., private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Ree.|. K .lan.l, Jr.. private; enr, July 26, 1862, lloimi', Gajlor, private; enr. Aug. 21, iwvi, Ru9t<-r. MatlhiaM. private ; enr. Aug. 4, 1862. Kyari, John, private ; enr. .\ug. Li, 1862, Sanderson, JauH*8 F., private; enr. Aug, 21. 1862. Sargent. Simeon W., private; enr. Aug, 18, 1862. Seeher, William H.. private; enr. .\ug. 21, 1862. Seymore, Kielianl. private: enr. .\ug. 2»», 1862, Shaver, Hinim, private; enr. Aug, 4. 1862. She*!, .\li>n7.o, private; enr. Aug. 8, 18(52. Slieppeni, Steplien, i>rivale ; enr. Aug. 7, 1862, Shriiiuel, l«aiah, private; enr. .Vug. 4, 18r.2. Smith, Fnmcis K.. private; enr. Aug. 18, 1862. Smith, Ganliner, private; enr. Aug. o, 1862. Smith, Nieholas, private; enr. Aug. 2. 1862, Suell, Calvin, private; enr. Aug. 16. 1862. Snell. Jer»>me. private; enr. .\ug. I'.i, 1862. Snell, Lorenzo, privaiT-; enr. .\n;r. VJ. I8<;2. Snell, OU'illy, private; enr. July Jl, 18*V2, Snyder. UaviJ, private ; enr. .Aug. 21, 1862, Sjialshury, .VHtert J., private; eur. Aug. 21, 1862. S|Ktl'hur>, I.<>ren£i 1»„ private; enr Aug. 21, 1802. Spirer, P. Weljsler. private; enr. .\tip, 7, 1862. Staring, Jona>, private ; enr. Aug. 2i. 1S«»2. Strouuii, Henry L., private; enr. .\ng. 2n, 1862. Tiuimerman,.\lexainler L., private; enr.July :J1, 1802. Van llrockliii, Ini. private; enr. .\ug. 21. 1862. Van t\inghnet, J"hn, private; enr, Atig. 16, 1862. Van Epp-, Jaini-3 C. private; enr. .\ug. 21, 1862. Villi liresar, Richanl B., private; enr. .\ug. I'J, 1862. Wiley, Merrick, private: enr, Aug. 1, ls62. Walrath, William H.. private; enr. .Vug. 14, 1802. Warner. Hiram, privat*- ; enr. .\ug. 5, 1862. Weaver. Eli. private ; enr, Aug. il, 1862. Wt.itlier. XaiK»Io..D, private; enr. Aug. 26, 1862, Wilcox. William L,. private; enr. An^r. 7, 1862. WiK>ii, Uerijamin. private; enr. July 2**, 18f;2. Workman, Hei.ry, private; enr. July 20, 1862. CAPT. SAMLEL MIDULETON'S (21*) atMPANY, B. R. VOLS, (CO. H., luTH ARTILLERY). Midilleton, Samuel (2d . ciipt. : enr. 1802. Flower, Stephen W., l»t tieut.; enr. 1862. Parker, John H., IM lieut.; enr, 1862. Knight, J. lianw. Alonio \V.. sergt. : enr. .Vug. 8, 1862. W'elch, J. Sunim-r. «fr^:t. ; enr. .Vug, 7, 1862. Holhtway, Honire G., sergt.; enr. .Vug. !>, lSfi2. Butteiliehl, Benjamin M.. corp. ; enr. Aug, 6, 1S02. Houghton, (ie^trge W., eorp. ; enr. Aug. 0. 1862. Kichard>on, Get>rge G.. corp. ; enr. Any. 12, 1802. Woo«l, George W., rorp. ; enr. .Vug, 6, 1862, Spieer, .Vseh, cnri>,; enr. .Vug, '.i, 1862. M'tfTalt, James A., wri>. ; enr. Aug. 6, 180-2. Francis. .Vlfred. corp. ; enr. Aug, 6, 1862, Graves, Is;lic, corp,; enr, Aug. 12, 1862. Arms, Foster M.. htigler; enr. .Vug. 21. 1802. Ro'-kwo., private; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. Conklin, Henry G., private ; enr. Jury 20, 1802. Crynler, John, private ; enr. Aug. lU. 1802. Crandal. John P.. private ; enr, Aug. 0, l^62. Case, Adrian, private ; enr. July HI, 1K62. Crouch, Siimuel, jirivate; enr. July :tl. 1862. Cole, .S«iuier N., private ; enr. Sept. 2, 1862, Corv, FJiger, Jr., private ; enr. Aug, ><, iw;2. Cor> , \* illiam C , private ; etir. July 21, 1802. l>en:son. James, private; enr, Aug, 1, 1802. Dingman, Christopher, private ; enr. Aug. 7, 1802. Dota, Charles, private; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. l>t>nlan, James C, private ; enr. Aug. .'>, 1862. Eivins, Freeman, private; enr. Aug. 27, 1802, Ervins, Pelos, private; enr. Auir, 4, 1S62, Ervins. Johnson, private; enr, J;ily :{1, 1862. Evans, Edward, pjivate; enr. Aug. 16, 1862. Flaheriv, Porter A,, private; enr Aug. 18, 1802. Fox. William H., private : enr. Aug. 9, 1862. Fuller, R chaid, private ; enr. Aug. 6, 1802. j Fmnris, George, private; enr. Aug. 6, 1802. Fori, J.din, private; enr. Aug. 20, 1802. Gollmm, Osr^ir F.. private; enr. Aug. 9, 1802. Goihani, Charles R, private; enr. Aug. 14, 1862. Green, o^ar M., private; enr. An-j. 7, 1802. Green. William S, private; enr. Aug, 16, 1862. Gage. Mariin C., private; enr. Aug. 8, 1K02. Gardner. Alvin O., private ; enr. Aug. 21. 1802. Gre^'ii, William, private; enr. .Vug. 9, 1802 Hollowav, CharleH B., private ; enr, Aug. 9, IS02. Ilorlon. Dorr, private; enr, Aug. I. 1862. Hoiion, 1-aJif. private ; enr. .Vug. 9, 1802. Hort-Mi. William D . private; enr. Aug. 9. 1802. Howk, Frank E., private; enr. July 26. 1802. Haws. G' orge W.. private : enr. Auir. 5, 1802. Hill. Clark W. private; enr, Aug. 18, 1802. Han i:*, IL' man A,, private ; enr. Au*_'. 8. 1802, Hare, Anil^rose. private ; enr, .Vug. II, 1802. Hill". Frank, private; enr. Aug. 4. I8i;2. Hamiltoit, John, private; enr. .Vug. 28. 1862 Hancock. At^hl-y, private; enr. July 26, 1862. Iiig-alls, Melrin D.. private; enr. Aug. 1. 1862. Ingalls Frank E.. private; enr. Aul', 6, 1802. Ii>gerS4>n, Cyni(» O., private; enr. Aug. 1. 1862. Jackson, Er*kine H., private ; enr. Aug. 11. 1862. Johnson, Riceliue. private ; enr. Aug, 11. 1862. Knapp, Hiram, private; enr, Aug. 28, 1802. Kenedv. Mvron, private; enr. Ang. 9, 1862. Kic'ium. Roily A., jirivate; enr. Aug. 7, 18)«. Kelly. R.d-ert J., private;. enr. Aug. 2*», 1862, Lewis, S«huvler H., private; enr. .Vug. 7. 1802. I Mor^eman. Clark, private; enr. Aug. 4. 1862. Manning', F^lward C,, private; enr. July 20, 1802. McGuire, Juhn, private ; enr. .Vug. 4, 1802. Mr.Vorton, llennt", private ; enr. Ang. 0. 1862. McWayne. Kd%vin, private ; enr. Aug. 6,1862. Mailiii, Samuel, privat**; enr. .Vug. 1, 18tV2. Mahony. Hemy. private ; enr. Aug. 9, 1862, K"rton, Thomas, Jr.. private; enr. .Vuc. .'>, 1862. O'Brien. Michael, private ; enr. Aug. 4, 1«02. Osterhout. C. Erskine. private: enr. .Vug. lii. 1802. Perkins, Gemge W,, private; enr. Aug. 2. 1802. Perkins, Nathaniel, private : enr. Aug. 0.1802. power*, Richard, private ; enr. Aus. 7, 1802. Pheliti, Warren S, private ; enr. Aug. 15, 1862. Power-, Thonits. private ; enr. .Vug. 18. 18f^. iVnMds,^.Iame9 K.. priv,ite ; enr. Ang, 18. ls*;2. Parker. Frank L.. private; enr. Aug. 0. 1862. Rapp*de, Frank, private; enr. -Vng. 1.'*. 1862, Rockw.NMl, Levi, prvate; enr. .Vug. 7. 1802. Ktwl, Whitley, privat'- : enr. Aug. 0, 1802. Rvans. Th'-mas. private; enr. Aug. 0. 1802. Read. Gladwin, private ; enr. Aug. 14, 1862. See. .*vimu.I M . private ; enr. An-. 6, 1802. Srotlehl. David, private; enr. Aug. 0. 1802. Savage, Edward, private; enr. -Vug. 7, 1802. Spicer. FlannilMil !>., private ; enr. .Vug. 9. 1802. Spicer. Tven L , private ; enr. .Vug. 4, 18fi2 Spicer, Daniel 11.. private ; enr. Aug, 12. 1802. Spicer. Fre.man, private ; enr. .Vug. 9. 1862, Streeler, Brvaiit J., private; enr. -Vug. 2,'i. 1802. Towslev, (Tiiries R,. private ; enr. Aug. 9, 1862. ThonnKon, Rohert, private; enr. Aug. 29, 1802. Westcott, Martin H.. private; enr. .Vug. 1, 1862. Williams Alemhert G., private : enr. .Vug. 4, 1862. Whitman, Martin S„ privnte ; enr. Aug, 0, 1862. Weaver, .Vlexander W.. private; enr, -Vug, 9. 1862. Williams, .Vndrew ,1., private ; enr, -Vug, 8, 1802. Williams, Samuel C.. private; enr. Ang. 9, 1862. Vunlon, Stewart, private ; enr. .Vup. 18, 1862. CAPT. HORACE 0. GILMORE-S CO. (B\ 4TH BAT- TALION" (CO. 1, 1<»TH ART,). Gilmore. Horace O.. mpt.; enr. 1802. Bell, Ril.eit R , 1st lieut.; enr. 1862, Grant. Philander P.. 2d lieut ; enr. 1802. Spalsbnrv. Harrisrn E . 1st sergt.; enr. Aug. 13, 186*. .VHen, VVillard J.. 2d seret.; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. I Hawes, Geof-m. w., serei. , Warner, Seth A., s-rgl.; enr. Aug. 20. 1802. Holdridge. Orange, s^rgt. ; enr. Am. 21. 1802. Parmeter, Wdliam F.. 'ay<''te R.. private ; enr. Aug. 20, 1862. AdaDi-', (;ide«n, juivate; enr. Aug. 19. 1KC2. Adam-, Isjfac, piivuie; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Baker, Daniel B.. private; enr. Ang. 7, IK02. Bailev, Frank, private; enr. Aug. .^>, 1802. Brundridge, Daniel J., privhli- ; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. Brundridge, Edyar H., private ; enr. Aug. 21, 1^62. Buckminister. Fred. 11., private; enr. Aug. 2*i, lf'02. Beanlsley, Isaac H., private; enr. Aug. '.'l, lHt2. Ben-}', iraon-s 11., private; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Ih'cker. Samuel W., private ; enr. Aug. 21, U62. Chaae, Leonanl. private; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. Clark, George W , private ; enr. Aug. 22, 1x62. Cornwall, Egbert, private ; enr. Aug. 21. 1862. Clieeney, Charles, jirivate ; enr. Aug. Li, 1^02. Carpenter, (Jeorge A., private; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Dier.JMnie", private ; enr. Aug. 21, l8i.2. Karl, Orrick H , private ; enr. .Vug. 21, 1862. Elmer, Waahmgton, private; enr. Aug. 19, 1862. Fiitucin, William, private ; enr. .Vug. 21, 1862. Farmer, James private; enr. Aug. 16, 11*62. I Gage, George W., private; eitf. Aug. 8, 1862. ' Gn*en, Truman P., private; enr, Aug. 19, 1802. Graham, Henry J., jirivate; enr. Auir. 18. 1802. Gileg, Stej.hen,' private ; enr. Aug. 21, lHt;2. Gunii, Ciiarh-f* L,, private; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Hoi l-s, Bradley, private; enr. A'lg. 20, l8t;2. Huvey, Etlwanl, private; enr, Ang, 21, 1862. HtHiver, Eno*. pritate; enr. -Vug. 2. 1862. Hoi r.dge, Franklin L , private; enr. Aug, 21, I8C2. Johnson, Samuel, jirivatf ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862, Jeffere, GeiTge, jirivate; enr. -Vug. 19, 18i ivate : enr. Aug. 21, 1862. McCue. Anthony, private ; enr. Aug. 14, 1>*62, Metcair, Waller A., private; enr, Ang, 2, 1862. Marks, Joseph, private ; enr. Jnly 29, 1^62. ttsirander, Wilson, private ; enr. .Vug. 21, 1862. Phelp?, John R., jirivate ; enr. .Vug. 21, 1862. Powen^, Joseph, private; enr. -Vug. 21, 1802. Prato. Jo'^eph, jirivate ; enr Aug. 21, 1862. Parish, Nathan, private; enr, .'v'pt. 1, 1802. Pheljts Wward V., pr vate ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Reeves. Thomas IL, private ; enr. Aug. 10, 1862. R4iwe, Guy C-, private ; enr. .Vug, 21, 1802. Rhiiies, Peter, i>rivate; enr. .Vug. 21. 1>^62. Ryans. Clmrl*-*. jirivate ; enr. .Vug. 12, I8f2. Reeder. John IL. private ; enr. Sept. 1. 1>'62. Saltimore, Josepli, jirivate; enr. Aug. 21. 1862. Satt'more. Benjamin, privat-; enr, Aug, 21, 1862. Smith, Elias B., private; enr, .Vug. 21, 1862. Stetson. Geoi^e W., prirate; enr. Aug. 25, 1862. Sheley, Henry, private; enr. .Vug. 5, 1802. Seeher, Walter, [irivate; enr. .Vug. 8, 1802, Seeher, Frank, jirivate; enr, -Vug. 7, 1862. Seel»er. .Monzo H.. private ; enr. .Vug. 7, 1^62. Scott, Bradley E., priv.it.- ; enr. Aug. 5, 1862. i Trj'on, Levi, private; enr. Sept. 1, 1862. fnderwtHwl, Wm. H., private : enr. Aug. .'i, 1802. Van Allen. Riley N,, jiriTate; enr. .Vnp. 2fi, 1802. Weaver, Jacob, jirivate; enr. Aug. 18. 1862, Wilder, David M,. jirivate; enr. Aug. 14, 1862. Wilder, Charles, j»rivaie ; enr. .Vug, 21, 1862. Welch, John H., jirivate; enr. Aug. 21, 18«2. , Webb. Brainard, private ; enr, .Vug. 21, 1802. Wiiiegar, (ieorge, jirivate; enr. Ang. 6, 18^2. I Weaver. Ihivid, Jirivate: eur. Aug. 12,1862. Yeardon, Jorieph, jirirate; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. I Zinimerman, Rufus. jirivate ; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Zimmerman. Henry, jirivaie; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Ziminennan, David, private; enr. Aug, 7, 1862. CAPT. B. B. TAGGART'S CO., 7TH B.VTT'N. (CO. K, IbTH ART.). Tensing, Frederick, 1st lieut. ; enr. Oct. 3, 1862. Herring. Henrv P., seryt. ; enr. Aug, :«>, 1862. Gorse. John W.. »rgt. : enr. Ang. I'Ji, 1862. i Fox. William P., sergt.; enr. Aug. 6, 1862. Smith. Benjamin, sergi.; enr, .Vug. :», 1862. Freeman, William P.. sergt.; enr. Aug. 29, 1862. Hammond, (^■orge W., corp. ; enr. Ang. M*, 1862. Hammond, Willard R.. corji. ; enr. Ang. :iO, 1862. B"alt, E, 1862. Butler. Jt-hn, private ; enr. .Vug. 1. 1862. Burmingham, S<»lon, private ; enr. Sept. 5. 1862. Burrows, George, private ; r nr. ."iept. .^, 1862. 571 HISTORY OF JKFFERSOX COUNTY, NEW YORK. Bii'ly, Wilirura H., prirate; enr. Sept. 6, IHSZ. It^. kwUh, .SlisMun J.. prirMe ; enr. Sept. .'>, 1862. ISriani, .lohri, privali-; enr. .\nic- H, ""'i- Biill-r. Ml' liarl. priv..U!; enr. .\ng. »', 18fi2. <;«ri«, John W.. j.rival.- ; onr. .\ng. In, IMi. Cwlwcll, Ch irl™ T., pri»Hlp ; enr. S^-pt. 2, l«e2. Cli««, William, priv.ite; <"nr. .S"pl. I, 1X02. Coif, I.uman, prival"; onr. .\iiic- 21, l»tB2. I'an-^nUr, Jitliicl, |)rivale ; , 18«2. fJliapman, i;ill>-rt, private; i-nr. S-pt. 4, 1802. f'l.irk, KiiK -ne li,, privali: : cnr. Sept. .'>, Ili.. private; enr. AtlK. 7, lt«i2. Deiir,. Ji.aeph. private ; onr. .\ng. 11, 1S02. I>r.);lanlMn. .Mfre'l, private ; enr. S, 18C2. I)' K^nxrani'l. KuKocie, privat<^; enr. Sept. .'i, 1862. Dcville, Henry, (irivale; enr. Hi'pl. 4, 18'ii. KlllotI, WillMir, private ; enr. .\nK. 21, 1"«2. Kvanx, Davi.l. private; enr. Ani;. 4, 1862. Kwlei )y, .laniei, pr.vat.' ; enr. Ang. ;!, 18fi2. Kv,irl-, <;h;irles W., private ; enr. .\1IK. 20, 1IW2. Kllii.tl, Thoinai T., private ; onr. Ann. h, 1802. Klll.iil, Henry, pr.vate ; enr. Ang. 21, 18B2. Kvaila, .Martin, private; enr. Sept. 1.5, 1802. Klwie^l, War.l, private; enr. Aur. 29, 18lni<., 1802. Ilililretli, t;nrli», private ; enr. Ang. M, 1802. J'.nmlra, (!e.,rge, private ; enr. Sept. 0, I80J. Kelly, .liilin, private; enr. .Sept. 10 1802. Kei»ii, I'alrii-k, private; enr. Sept. .'), 180^, l,siriiiiiitain, .Martin, private; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. Ml l.llel.jn, Ho:.ert, priv.ite ; enr. Oet. Ill, 1802. Maliir, llarllinloniew, privale; enr. Aug :ill, 1802. Maxoii, .Malcolm, privaU*; enr. Ang. 7, 1802. MrNnltv. Henry, private; enr. Jnly :)1, 1862. .Merrill, Levi, private; enr. S.'pl. .5, 1802. Mi»ire, llurace, priv.ite; enr. Aug. 8, 1802. 3Iai;kuVMy, Cornelinii, private; enr. .S<'pl. .'>, 1H02. Mnnleray, tjeorge, private ; enr. Oct. 7. IWi2. Mnnii, t:liarie« T.. jirivut.-; enr, Ang. 4, 1«02. Nicliul", Julin, private; enr. Sept. .'., 1802. lI'.Mara, Martin, privaUs enr. Ang. 20, 18li2. Pierce, Kre.leri. k W., private ; enr. Sept. .',, 1802. riiilli|p«,.Sylv<^aler J, private; enr. Sepl. ;t, IK02. I'. -rig.., A|i>n». I.., private; enr. .Sept. .1. 1802. i'liihin, William, private; enr. Ang. 14, 1802. ItoOhini. i;e.>rge, private; enr. Ang 21, 18*12. It ilerti, Hugh, private; enr. Aug. 7, 1802 llimt*, AngilHtUH, private ; enr. S«-pt. 0, 1802. UifiM'll, Lewln, priviile; enr. Aug. 2tl, 18<;2. K .hertu, Lewia, private; enr, Ang, 'Mi, 1802. Iteff, Sliclwl, private; enr, .Sept. 0, 1802. l^)t•l•itm'•n, Frunci", private; enr. iH-t. |,t. 18*i2, Swan, Liwmn A., pjlv,ile; e ir. Ang. 1, 1802. Stnil iling, John, private; enr. .Sept. 0, I)i02. SI. Thiiiia". Zaehariah. private ; enr. S<-pl. 2. 1802. Slorni«, Salhaiiiil, jir vale; enr. Aug, 8, 1X02. Sherry, Talrick E., private; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Sjial'liiig, JujHon, private ; enr. Ang, !•, 1802. Toiii, ll-/liert. privati'; enr, Aug. 21, 1802. Taylor, ll.«celhl« S, priv.ile; enr. Sept, 1, 1802. Van llroekl ii, Alexaniler. private; enr. Aug. 7, 1SC2. Vincent, Mcliolaa. private; enr, Sepl, .'., I«02. Woo.laril, All.ert K , privale; enr. Sept, I, 1X02. Wright. <;eor:;e W,, private; enr. Sept. .'>, 1802. Wright, .laniefl, private ; enr. Sept. 2, 1X02. Welch, John, privale; enr. Sepl. 7, 1X02, Welch, ThoiiiitH, private; enr. Ang, I, 1X02. Wllieoi, Alexaniler, private; enr. Aug, 7, 1802. Weaver, Jac.li, jirivate ; enr Aug, 21, 1X02. Whiti", Arllinr, private; eur. Sept.O, I8(i2. Weaver, Willintn, privale; enr. S, 1802, Klnit, William II „oth crp, ; enr, AnB,.MIi, 1X02. Mavh.iv, Tlieoilnre II,, Oth ror)., ; enr. Aug, 21, 1802. Anilenv, William, 7tli corp,; enr. Aug. 4, IH02. I'lHil, .M.,rri» M.. xth corp, ; enr, Ang, 0, 1x02. Hrigg". "hnrlei. A.. Olli Corp.; enr, Aug, 0. Ixiil. Pierce, Clark K,, loth corp,; enr. Ang. 11, 1X02. Arm«trong, Kniiik It,. Iltli lorp, ; enr. Aug, 21, 1802 llelyea. John C,. 12th corii. ; enr, \»{. 21. 1802. ItjigiTi, tteorge L,. nrllHcor ; onr, Aug. . 'to, 1802. Arnmlrong, Tlioman, art fleer; enr, Aug. II, 1X02. O'Conner, John,«rtillcer; «nr. July 2G, 1802. BoeJ, Milton M., lut hiigler ; enr. Sept. 2, 1862. bailing, l'h.irie» L., 2'I hiiglcr; enr. .Sept. 2. 1802. .\tktn', Benjamin, private; enr. July 20, lx»;2. .\n.rel, L^-Hter *;., privale; enr. .\ng, 14, 1x02. Brit/.ki, Carl, privale; enr. Aug. 1, lx*;2. KaMo, Jacoh, private; eur. Aug. II, 1X02. B"el,.-, JelTer-on 1)., private; enr. Aug. 0, 1802. Brougham, SylvMler J., privale; enr. .\ug. 9, 1862. Binher, Henry A., privale; enr. Aug. I'J, 18<;2. B.nhop. William W,, private; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. B^'iinett. Stephen (;., priTale; enr. Aug. 21, 1X02. Bilnh. William 11., privile; cur. Aug. 21, 1802. Ba"-, Amaaa. private; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. ft).liei I. Henry, Jii ivale ; enr. Se|.l. 0, 1X02. C'lark, John I)., privale; enr. Aug. 0, 1X02. Ojnih, John, privat*! ; enr, Aug, 0, 1802, Clark. i:liri»topher, pivate; enr, Ang, 0, 1X02. I>>mmliig', John, private ; enr, Ang. a, 1802. 0».l, KM, privale; onr. Ang. Vl, 1802. Oail, Orville M., priv.ite; enr. Aug. 21, 1862. Cline, Wal-on. private; enr. .\iig. 21, 1802. Cliee«el.ro, Ezra, private; enr. Ang, 14, 1802. Oioley, Knrnii B., private; enr. Ang. 14, 1x02. Dwige, Klixha 1.,, private ; enr. Aug. X, 1X02, Dawiein, Kalley, private ; enr, Aug. ,'i, 1802, Ilonohu", J.ihn O., private; our. Aug. 0, 1802. Dugal, Eugene, private; enr. Aug. 0,1X02, Itryhnrn, Jarni-a, privale; enr Ang, 7, 1X02. Duffeny, Frank, private; enr, Aug, 9. 1X02. Duffcny, Ixiui", privale ; enr, Aug. 9, 1802. Doile, Hugh, private; enr. Jnly 29, 1802. DeiiniK, Thoniaa W., privale; enr. ,\ug. 0, 1802. Dillenhe.k, ClmrleK, private ; enr. Aug. 2(1. 1802. D.inohne, Patrick 0., private; onr. Aug. 21. 1801. Jiwelntyii, Charles S., private ; enr. Aug. 4, 1801. Einpie, Ji«"ph I-., private; enr. Aug. 2, 1X02. f>lnioniI<, Ni. hnlau J., private; enr. Aug. II, 1802. Folen, Jacoh, private ; enr. July 20, 1802. Fuller, Jaiiiea. private; enr. Jnly 20, 1x02. Kreilenhnrgh. Henry, private; enr. Sept.:), 1802. Frill, Jaioh. privale; enr. Sepl. 0, 1802. Cat -li, William H., private; enr. Aug. 18, 1802. 01eao,n, Patrick, private ; enr. Ang. 19, 1802. (Iraveti, William, private; enr. Ang. 11, 1X02. H illeiilieck, Anilrun, jirivatc; enr. .Vug. 1802. Ilen-ick. Ceorge W., priv.ite; enr. .\ng. 2, 1802. Ilerrick, Jerome B., privale; enr. Aug, 1, 1862. Herrick, .laniea .\., privale; enr. Ang, 9, 1X02. Huntley, Sila-, privale; enr. Ang. 11, 1x02. Hazer, Barney, privale; cur. Aug, 12, 1X02. Harris, Samuel, privale; enr, Aug, 9, 1802. Howell. Peter, privale; enr. Ang. IX, 1802. IloiiKe, (;yru'», privale ; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. lloholmh, Biriiey M., privale; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. Houghton, Itenwell, private; enr. Ang. 12, 1802. Harris. Jenie. private; enr. Aug. 2, 1X02. Jinl'l, CharlcD 1,., private; enr. Aug. 7. 1802. JihM, Benjamin T,, private; enr. Ang. 12, 1802. ,I»ul«iii, private; enr. July 20, 1802. iyawrence, Jatiies, private; enr. Sept. .5, 1X02. Lyon. Jam'-s B„ private; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Ijinfear, A-a, privale; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Lake, Theodore, private; enr. Ang. 21. IH02, Lootuli, William 11. iirivate; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. McCue, WilKon, privale; enr, Aug, 9, 1X02. McCue, William, [irivate; enr, Ang, 9, 1X02. MeCiie, (^larle-, Jirivale; enr, Aug, 9. 1X(;2. Mark', Frinlerl k, private; enr, Aug. 0. 1X02. Morrison, John, privale; enr. Aug. 7, 1X02. .MoiipMiilo, (ieorge, privale; enr. .\ng. 9, 1802. Montoiiilo, Ixiuin. privale; enr, Aug, 9, 1X02, Monlouilp, J.«epli, pr.vuie; enr, Aug, 9, 1802. McComh.John F, private; enr, Ang. 7,1802. Morgan, Charie« M., privale; enr. Aug. 19, 1802. JToniit, Ihiilley, private; enr. Ang. 0, 1X02. Mount, Willi.m II , private; enr, Ang. 21, 1X02. Mo.. re, E.lwar.1 B,, privale; enr, Aug, 21, 1802. M ller, Henry H., private; enr, Aug, 21, 1802. Mn> hew, William A., private ; enr. Ang. 21, 1802. Mai y. Pa' rick, private; enr. Sepl, :), 1802. Nl. holK, Ini C., private; onr. Ang. 7, 1X02. Nl|.«, M.iyil M., privale; enr. Ang. '21, IXC'2. Norlhrup, John, Jr., privato; enr. Aug. 21, 1802. Ohere, Anthony, jirivale; ■, Ang, 22, 18(i'2. Plnche, Alfre.l, private; etir. Aug, 7, 1X02. I'ulTer, Daniel, private; onr, Aug, II, 1X02. Per«oii», Byron, private; ear. Aug. 0, 1X02. Peck, Winley W,, privale ; onr. Aug, 9. 1X02. I'.e.l, Jnilah W„ privale; enr, .\iig. 4. 1X02. Putnam, Cliari.n L,, prival.-; enr. Ang, :10, 1802. n.>of, Ahniin, private ; onr. Ang. 0, 1X02. Keynohl-, (ieorge W,. private; enr, Aug, 21, 1802. Il<.aile, (iratttn II.. private; enr. Aug. 10, 1X02. Itonae. J..«ipll, privale; enr. Sept. :i, 1802. Shafer, Fre.lerick C,, private ; enr. Aug, 12, 1802, Sharp, (Jeorg.- O,, private; enr, Aug, 21. 180'2. Slaitiit..u, .lani.-«. prival..; enr. Aug, 18, 1802. Shaf.r, J.ihn. privale ; enr. Aug, 0, 1X02. Slniin-. Il.iiry (1., private; enr. Ang. 0, 1802. SBiif.r.l, Alien B,. priv ; enr, Aug, '20, 1802. Sanforil.Orin, private; enr, Aug. 2. 1X02. Slmnhllng. C'org" S,, priialu; enr, Aug, 14, 1802. Shlpi.v, Fri.leri.k, prival..; enr. Aug. 12. 1802. Sop.r; All.erl I',, private; enr. Ang, l'2, 1802. Snell, Slim J., privat.. ; enr. Aug. 2, lxO'2. Seh.y, Binvl..n L., private; eur. S.|it, 4. 1X02, Sanfinl, La Fayette, privale; enr, Aug, :il. 1X0'., Swarlwonl. Jatn.-« A„ privaU' ; enr, .S.pl, 4. 1X02, T.MWiw, William, private; fnr. Ang. I, 1X02. Timerman, Wilnon, private; enr. Aug. l:), 1X02. ToIki, Piukel, privale; enr. .Vug. 0, lx(;2. Vanilerwalker, .Mel7.or, private; enr. .\ug. !>, 1802. Vanderwalker. (ieorge B., privale; enr. .\ug. 9, 1802. Whelmore. Schuyler, privale ; enr. Jnly 28, 1802. WilMin, John, private; eur. .\ug. 21, 180'2. WiMjIaver, Samuel, private; enr. Aug. 18, 180'2. Wh.eler. Alhert A., privaU'; enr. Aug. 21. 1X02. Wheeler, Ah.nzo E., jirivate; enr. Ang. '21, 18C'2. Wells, Kichard B., privale; enr, .Sept. 1, 1802. 13TH ARTILLEKY. CAPT. fJEO. A. IJLL-MKU.S iJoMPANY (CO. A;. Cory, Ser«on W., private ; enr. July 14, I8fl:i. Ixiwiav, John C, privat..; enr. July 10, 18innor, Jeremiah, private; enr. Aug. 8, 186:1. CAPT. G. FRED PtjTTElfS COMPANY (CO. C). Cole, Rolart I',, privale ; cur. Aug. 12, 180:1. Dewev, Marlin H,, private: enr. Aug, -26, 18fv3. Follett, Ephniim C, privale; enr. Aug. 7, 186:1. Fell, Martin, private : i-nr, Aug, '24, 180:1. Gallowav, (,'haiincey M , privale; cur. Ang. 12, 1801. Welherl.y, Porter, prival.. ; enr. Aug. '26, I80:i. CAPT. JESSE LAMB'S COMPANY (CO. G). Lanih, Jeme B., cajit. ; enr, Jan, 22, 1804. Algale, .I.ihu B , privale ; enr. Jan. X, 1X04. Cramer. Jamei H , jirivate ; enr. I>i<-. 21, 1801. Fidice, Philiji, privale; enr, Jan. 7. 1804. Fuller, George O , private; eur. Jan. 12. 1804. Jc>Bmy,J.din, private; enr. Jan. 7, 1804, ^ Kavanaugh, Garrett, private; enr. Jan. 7. 1864. Molonda, ('hailed, J.rival.- ; enr. Dec. '28, 1801. Pierco, John, privato; eur, Jan, 7, 1X04, I'el.i, JoKejdi, Jirivate ; enr, Jan, 7, 1804, Tripji, William C, privale ; eur. Jan. 7, 1804. CAPT. ROBERT W. McLACGIILlX'S CO. (CO.I). Butt.rfleld, JuliuB F., jirivate ; enr. Ang. 24, 1801. Fuller, Lemuel, Jirivate; enr. Sept. 12, 180:). MolTn, G.-orge, Jirivate ; enr. Ang. '20, 1801. Pal r, ChillingiiKorth, private ; enr. Oct. 1. IXOI. Wilhon, WiUaon, jirivate; enr. July 14, 1813. 14TH ARTILLEaY. (■APT, WM, " , TI!iiWllltllli:K'S CO, 'CO. A). Bacon. Mar. u* L.. J.riv.ile ; enr. Ang. 18, 180!. Gill, W illiani W . jirivate ; enr, Aug. 11, 186!. ll.igan, John, j.rivale ; enr. Aug. '24, 1X0:1. ilo.lg.a, llenrv L , jirivate; enr. Aug '28, 180.3. M. I»..well, Le»iH II,. privale ; enr. Aug. 17, 186.3. O'Brien, Dennis jirivate ; eur, Aug, '2,'>, 180:1. CAIT. GEOBOE S. GREEN'S CO. (CO. C). Bulls, Irn.l. Jirivale; enr. Aug. 2o, 1863. Maker, H, II,, private; enr. Aijg, 2.", 1x0.3 Fr.denl.nrgli, Eliaa. private ; enr. Aug. 2-i. 180.1. Jon.lali, Davin, jirivale ; enr. Ang, 17, I8ltl. Nichols, William If., private; enr. Aug. '2.i, 180.1. HI. James. Michael, private; enr. Jnly '27, 180:). Wil(»ix,Jam.B, private; onr. .Sejit. 4, 180). CAPT. LORENZO J. JOSM' CO. (f;0. D). Fnim i», .Maitin, jirivale; onr. Jnly 1, 186.3. lA.velt, Tloinas, Jirivale; enr. July 20, ISC). .McDowell. W.lliam, prvnte; eur. July 10, 180.3. Qninu. Denarii, privale; onr. July :i, Ixo:), Scott, .\uilrew, Jirivate; enr. July 1:1, 1x03. CAPT. OLIVER B. FLAGG'9 CO. (00. E.) Lynch, James II.. c.irji, ; our. Ang. 2.1, 180:). Rodg.'rs, John W,, corji, ; onr. Sejil. :), 186:). Au.l.nu lohn B., mu». ; enr, S.pl, 1'2, 180:). Auger. John, jirivate; enr. .Sejit. '24, 1801, Bnnell. John, jirivate; enr. .S.pl. 21, 1X03, llnidi.ha», James, jirivate; enr, Aug. '29, 1801, CoTiklin, Will am Y., jirivate; enr, Sejil. :«), 180.3. Chapman, S.jnires. jirivate; enr. Sejd. 17, 180,). (haw, Slejilien, Jirivate ; eur, Aug, '2,'i, 1801. D (iMal. J ini.s. J.rivale; enr. Ang. 2,\ 1X03. Drummond, William, jinvale; onr. Oct, 14, 180.3. (ilass Clalk, Jirivate; enr. SeJil, 10, ixn:). (iooilenongh, J.'hii B., jirivale ; onr. ."ejil. 24, 1803. Gla«<, ('liarii.1! K., Jirivale; enr. Sejit. 0, 180:). Calllsj , Ii ge (i,, Jirivale; onr, Aug. '24, 180.1. (ll illlli. H.nrv M., Jirivate ; enr, Sejit. '20, IXO:), Kenni.in, Andrew F„ jirivale ; enr, Oct, 28. 1X0.3, Mrliiini. E.lwanl. Jirivale; eur, Oct, l,'i, IXC:). Moll. John I., Jirivate ; enr, Ang, '2.'i, IXO:), Rinsiim. George \V„ Jirivale; enr, Aug. .'.. 1X0.3 Samjieon. Deveraux, prival.-; enr, Aug. '24, ixd.). Slre-I.r, Danf.rd, jirivale; onr. Sejd, 19. I80:l. Ten Evrk, Monr.ie, jirivale; enr. .\ug. '2.''i, 180.3. 1 Thayer, William, private; our. S..ld. 15, 1X61. CA PT. W. A. TREA DWELLS CO. (CO. II). I Hoover. Joslah. c.irji, ; enr, Nov. 2, 1x0). Di. k, Cliarles II,, Jirivale; enr. Doc. 4, 1803. Fori, Andri.w, jirivale; enr, Nov. 5. 1X0:1. Ringael, .lohn, jirivale ; enr. Oct. :)1, 180:). Scott, LulherC, private; enr. Nov. 17, 1X01. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. uia SiK'niilKV, Kiaiik If., piivate ; inr. Nov. 19, 1863. Scovillf, (. hitrles, jirivMle ; enr. N'uv. 28, Igoa. Tilt'-li, Lullier, privHte ; enr. Oct. 21, lS6;i. Well", Theodore, private; enr. I>fC. 1, 186;i. C.\rT. CIIAUNCEY WILKIE'S CO. (CO. I). I'eck, La Eue, Q. )I. Scriit. ; enr. Kov. 9, 1883. Steele. Wni. !{., e.iri»- : enr. Nov. 3, IH&t. (.'Ill istiniin, George, eorj'. ; enr. \ov. 4, l»3. >l<'rri(*, Henry S., con*.; enr. Nov. 10, 11*6.3. liiaulii-r, William, |Hivale; elir. Dec. 12, 1863. IJacon, J. C., private; enr. I>ec. 9, 1863. ConiLe.^, Jer^-lninh, pr.vate : enr. Dec. 7, 1863. Cntvat, Charles, private; enr. l>ec. 4, 1863. Clarli, thirence L., private; enr. Nov. 19, 1863. Call, J.'hn 1!., private; enr. Nov. 8, 186;*. Cook, John .\., private; enr. Dec. 12, 186.J. Dillabough, liasil It., private; enr. Dec. 17, 186.3. Delniais, .\lexaniler, l»rivate; enr. I)ec. 14, I8(>3. £iorick, John, private ; enr. Dec. 11. U63. Fults, .Malki.ih, private; enr. Nov. II, 1863. Gillelt, Clarence,. private; enr. Nov. 15, 1863. Hewitt, Webster, piivate; enr. Dec. 3, 186;!. Ingerson, Harvey, private; enr. Nov. 21, 1863. Inj;eiann. Cliarleii .\., pr.vale; enr. Nov. lU, 1863. Kinney, Joseph, piivate; enr. Nov. 25, 186:1. Kel.«ey, Krankliii E., private; enr. Nov. 11, 1863. Manzer, Myn n, private; enr. Nov. 28, 18('il. Montney, Byron, i.rivate; enr. Dec. 14, 1863. Slander, Henry, piivate; enr. Dec. 9, 1.S6:!. Slalloiy, Calvin 11., private; enr. Dec. 1, 186:1. Osttoine, EI.eiiezer, Jirivate; enr. Nov. 2", 1863. rhel|«, Dallas ¥., pn'rale ; enr. Dec. 5, 1863. Pars..!!-, Thomas, private ; enr. Nov. 18, IS63. Ituse, Geor^'e H., pr.vate ; enr. Dec. o, 1864. Kivers, .\nth*my, private; enr. Dec. 8, 186:1. Kivers, Michael, piivate; enr. Nov. 28, 186:1. Tucker, Warren, private: enr. Dec. 19, 186.1. Tucker, Orlamlo, private ; enr. Dec. 19, 186.3". W'ing, Peter, private ; enr. Dec. 3, 186:1. MikHl, Horace, private; enr. Dec. 8, 1863. Wilbur, Ad(Ii^on, private ; enr. Nov. 23, 1863. CAPT. JEROME COOPERS COMPANY (CO. K). Parkhur-t, Horace. Isl sergt. ; enr. Nov. 16, 1863. Call, Kmiiklin, sergt. ; ear. Nov, 18, 1861. Riley. John E., sergl.; enr. Dec. 12, 186.3. Ca_-\v.ll, Morris A., corj'.; enr. Nov. 16. 1863. Caiii|>l>ell, George, corj>. : enr. Nov. M, 186:1. Pearsons, RulKftl, cor^i. ; enr. Dec. 11, 186:1. liiiskirk, Jesse N., Corp. ; enr. Nov. :iu. 186:1. Hall, Alheit H., corji. ; enr. Nov. 21, 186.1. Potter. Sherman O., c.ip. ; enr. D<-c. 8, 186:!. llishi'p, Dav.il, Jr., private ; enr. Dec. 8, 1863. Ilirliane, George, private : enr. Dec. 1, 1863. llarr, Dennis, private; enr. Dec. l:i, 1863. Ilaker. Harvey A., private; eiir. Dec. :!, 1863. lilowden. Veiisler. private; enr. Nov. 18, 186:1. Bish'ip, Alonzo II.. private; enr. Dec. 8, 1863. Coltou, Enoch, private; enr. Dec 16, 1863. Cane. All" rt, private; enr. Nov. :io, 1863. Can.-, Hiram .M . private; enr. Dec. 14, 1863. Cnlbeit-'n, Waller, private ; enr. Dec. 18, 1S63 Dueh.ii. William H.. private : enr. Dec. 17, 1863 Eininons. Civil.aii, I rivate ; enr. Dec. 21,186:1 Evarts, Benjamin, private; enr. Dec. 17, 186:1 F..y, Hugh, private : enr. Nov. :«!, 186:1. Fuller, Joseph, piivate ; enr. Nov. 27, IS63. Fuller, Charles, private; enr. Niiv. 27. 1863. Foriy, Peter, private; eur. Dec. IB, 1863. Gixirge, Ervliig. private : enr. IVh:. 17. 18C3. CMltin, Gidney, private; enr. Dec. 17, 1861 llerrick. Del.*, private : enr. Nirv. in', I.«61 Hall. Silas, private; enr. Dec. 9, 186:1.' Harrigjin. Thomas, private; enr. Dec. IS, 1861 Juiipo, .\nJrew. private; enr. Nov. 21. 18t>l. Lawrence. Melv;n, private ; enr. Dec. 14, 1863 Ladd. Ihiniel. private: enr. Dec. Kl, 1861. Lawrence. Jl.Mison, private; enr. Dec. 14. 186:1. M.ark»ick. Chai l.s, private; enr. Nov. 27. 1861 Markn ick. James, private ; enr. Dec l.i. 186:1. Mitv-hell, tJeorpe. private; enr. Nov. 27. 186.1. Manning, Nial, private; enr. Dec. 18, 1861 Omiston. Hugh, private; enr. Dec. l.i', lS6:i P.ye, Kichanl. piivate: enr. Dec 12 l'863. Pierce, Ji>siah. piivate : enr. l>ec 17, 1S63 Paris. Anthony, private; enr. Nov. 24, 1,<63. Kiisho, Christ.ipher, private ; enr. Nov. 18, 1863. ICohinsun, Fniiicis, private; enr. Dec. 8, 1}*$1 Bowley, Gwrge W., private ; enr. Nov. 21 1863 Besieguie, Samuel, private ; enr. Dec. 9, 1861 lioluuson, Joseph, private; enr. Dec. 12, 1863 Sheridan, Samuel, private; enr. Pec. 17 186a' TupiK-r, Alvin, private; enr. D..C, 14, 1863. A 111 lev, J.imes. private; enr. Dec. 2. 1,861 West, Fri-enian. private; enr. Nov. 14. ISC! Weaver. William, private; enr. Dec. 9 1861 W ar>l. I hauncey, pr.vate : enr. Dec. 1.' 186:1. CAIT C. II. IIOIGIITON-S COMPANY (CO. L). Brvugham. William, private ; enr. Dec. 5. 186:1 Bt.el>e, Franklin, private : enr. I»ec. 3tt, IStil Blotlgett, Lyman, private; enr. Dec :lli 1863 Crat/enl^rg, Adam I.. |.rivale : enr. No"v. lu,'lS63 iolnan. Ge^T^e, private; enr Dec. 16, Isei CamBeld. Duane W, private: enr. Nov. l->'lS63 Dyar, James S., private; enr. Dec. 30. 1.86.1 tassetl. Theron A., private ; enr. Nov. 22. 1863. >reeman. t^eorge. private; enr. Nov, 27. 186:1 Hart. John, private ; enr. Nov. 16. 18..ininn.l. pr.vate; enr. Nov M 1863. Ingn>s>.n, Biadley, private : enr. Pec 27 I8K! Kietrer. The^lon- T., private ; enr. D.X-. 1:1, 1863. JJurphy. Adam, private : enr. De<-. ■«) 1.803 McTice, Albert, private; enr. Dec, 12, 18S3 " Monroe, James N., private ; enr. Dec. 2, 1863. Perry, Joseph, private ; enr. Dec. 4, 186:1. Rosebush, Je*se, private; enr. Dec. 15, 186:1. Wait, Samuel : jiiivate ; enr. Dec. 3.c. 17, 1863. Lovelee, Ilulet, privati- : enr, Di-c, lo, 18t>:l, Lee, Elbriilge W., private: enr. De»-. 17, 1863. Miller. Peter, private ; enr. Dec. 21, 186:1. Miller, .\l|)lieus. private; enr. Dec. 21, 1863. McCaiiley, William, private; enr, Dec, 21, 1863. Neal, Robert, jirivate; enr. Dec. 31. I8U1. Kice, Walter t.. private; enr. Dec. 14, 18t3. Bnf>dolpli, Ji«eph .A., private; enr. Ik-c. 24. 1863. Ralph, George .\., private; enr. Dec. 24, 186:1, Warner, Silas J., private ; enr. Dec. 19, 1863. Williams, William II,, |irivate; enr. Pec. 17, 1863. Ciinimings, Alonzo F., private ; enr. Dec. 31, IS63! CuDiniinga. .\lleii. private; enr. Jan. 1, 1864. l>uuglaE«i, Nichohis H., private; enr. Dec 28, 186:1. Uouglass, Ithamer, private ; enr. Dec. 28, 186:1. Freem.-in, Herliert E., private; enr. Dec. 26, 18i63. Gardner. Schuyler, private ; enr. Dec. 30, l(«i. Hill, Harrison A., private; enr. Dec. :iO, 186:1. Johnson, Gnstavus V,, private; enr. Pec. 24, 1863. Lovelee, Lewis S,, J'rivate : enr. Dec. 17, 1863. Lee. Cbcar E,. private; enr, Dec, 19, 1863. Malone, John, private; enr. Dec. 18, 186:1. Hunt, Horace S., private ; enr. Dec, 30, 1863. Roberts, John H,, private; enr, Dec, 28. 186:1. Share, Alonzo. private; enr. Dec, 28, 186:1. Wait, .\lexander L,, private; enr, Dec, 31. 1863. Young, William II., private; enr, Jan. 1, 1864. Ziminerman, Jt^sse, ]>rivate ; enr. Dec, 22, 1.^63. Share, t^harles E,, piivate; enr. Pec, 28, 1^63. Layman, Elam S., private : enr. Jan, 4. 1864. 16TH AETILLEEY. CAPT. JAMt-; 11. 1AKVL> niMPANY (CO. A). Chambers, John, private; enr. Sept. 11, 186.3. Ellis, Lorenzo D., private ; enr. S'-pt. 12, 186:1. CAPT. JAMES H. McLKCGHLINS CO. (CO. Cj. Hare, Tbomas, pr vate ; enr. (.K-t. 1, 1861. Moore, .\lonzo. private; enr. Sept. 19. 1863. McKay, George, private; enr. Sept. 1, 1863. Rolilin, .\Iliert, juivate ; enr. Sept. 111. 18t)3. Wilson. Samuel, private; enr. Oct. 1, l.^tjl. Weiitgate. Patrick, private; enr. Sept. 12, 1863. CAPT. ORRIN W. BE.\CHS COMPANY (IX). F). .\niond, Josf-ph, private; enr. Pec. 22, 1SG3. Bentley, William II., private: enr. Pec. 21, 1863. . Bloodough. James W., private : enr. Pec. 22, I8. Ravniond. Wilbur r_ maj. : mus. Mav 17. lj«5. Gipson, Cyrus P., capt. ; mas. .Vpril 22, 1865. loTH CAVAIJIY. Wood, Joseph H., maj. ; mus. Nov. 2o, 1861. ISTH CAVALRY ("CORNING LIGHT'). Smith. Warnn S , capt., Co. U ; mus. Not. 20, 1863. Enos, William W., tapt. ; mus. Dec. 7. I8i>4. tiaige, William II., ca|i|. ; mus. Feb. 28, 186,5. Simpaon Joseph II., capt. : mus. Feb. ii, 1864. Montenay, CTiarles, capt. ; mug. Dec. 5, 1863. Cummings, .\ll*rt, 1st lieut.: mus. Sept. 16, 1864. Hall, Ira, Jr., Ist lieut.: mus. Feb. 2:1, 1804. Foils, Ira 1., Ist lieul. : mus. Dec Ji, 1s64. Bell, John A., 1st heut.; mus. D.c 21), 1864. SIcNeil, Floyd, 2d lieut.; inus. Pec. 26, 1804. I>avenpon, Edwin. 2d lieut.; mus. Dec 26, 1K64. Clark, Gwrge P.. 2«l lient. ; mils. S-pl. 10, 1863. Smith, John M., 2d lieut. ; mus. Feb. 2:1, 1804. Keenan, John, 2d lieut. ; mus. Feb. il, 1861. Cady, .\arou C, 2d lieut. ; mus. March 14, 1865. COTH CAVALRY ("McCLELLAN CAVALRY"). I*i'nl, Newton B., col. ; mus. IH^. 19, 186"I. Evan-, David M.. col. : mus. April 5, 1865. Gati s, Jacob S., lieut .c-I. ; mus. .\pril 5, I86.i. Cudworth, John G., maj. ; mils. July 26, 1865. Uara, John O., niaj : mus. .\pril •_2,' 18ii5. Fitzpatrick, Patrick, maj.: mns. July 2C., 1865. Ilorr. Albert v.. adjt.: mus. Slay :il, Isiii. Ziminerman, Charles E.. tir.mr.:' mus. IH.C 19 18C1 Pollard, Ran.iaU D. C . .(r.mr. ; July 20, laisi. ' Carter, Norris M., ass't surg.: mus. IK-t 16, 186:1. Catlin, Charles, ass'l siirg. ; mus. .Ian. 24, 18l>4. Winslovi, Jc-dediah. chaplain : mus. Feb. 2:1, 1864. Ford. Waylanil F.. i-apl. ; mus Dec. 19, ISCl. Budd, Ileiijamin C, capt. : mus- July 20, 1865. Reynolds, William, cipt. ; mus. I>ec. 19, 186-3.' Byther, William F., capt. : mus. M:-v 31, 186.5. Chittenden. Henry C. capt.: mus Dec. 19, 1863. Butler, Thomas II . capt.; mns. Julv 9. 1864. Spencer, James. Jr., capt.: mns. Ike. 19. 1863. Lee, John D., capt. : mus. March 31; 1865. Carse, Alfred J., <-apt. ; mus. Julv 26, 1865. Belts, William E.. 1-t lieut.: mus. May 31, 1865. McXally, James J , 1st lieut. ; mus. July 26, 18*-5. Hublarvl, William, 1st lieut.: mus. May :tl,*l8rsi.' Ovissant, Li-wis. 1st lieut. ; mus. July*20, 1865. Hodge, Dem|«:er D., 1st lieut. : mus. March 1.'. 'l8C4. Ranilall, William H.. 1st lieut. ; mns. Julv 20, i»&5 Goddard, E. Jan. 13, 181.5. Watson, la^w is C 2d lieut. : nius. July 26, ls05. Bndd, J.^eph P., 2d lieut- : mus. July 26, 180.^. ' Safford. W.IIiam H.. 2d lieut. : mus. July 2»', 1865. J".'', Seymour II, 2d lieut. : mus. Dec. 19. 1863. RoM., Walter, 2d lieut ; mus. Julv 26, 1S05. Podge, Engene C. 2J lieul. : mus.' Manb 15, 1864. Johns, James, 2.1 lieut. : mus. Dt^c. 19, 1S<:1. B»tts, William H , 2d lieut. : mcs. Julv 2", 1864. W.od, Ge..rye W.. 2d lieul.: mus. Ji.^v 26, 1865. Malone, Henry. 2d lieut : mus. Julv 20. 1865. Thomtsm, diaries D., 2d l;eut. : mus. Julv 3S, 1865. To«n, diari<«, 2d lieut. : mus. July 26. 1865. Trout, William, 2d lieut. ; mus. Dec. 19, 1863. 24TH CAVALRY. McDonald, Frank, Isi lieut.: mus. June 17, 18M. 1ST REGIMENT MOCNTEP RIFLES. Brown, Samuel M., Isl lieul. : mus. FeU 1, 1SC5. 1ST REGIMENT PROVISIONAL CAVALRY. McDonaM, Frank, 1st lieut.; mus. July 24, 1865. 2D REGIMENT PRtlVlSIONAL CAVALRY. Horton, Riley E., qu.arl emiaster : mus. Feh. 28, If 65. 1ST ARTILLERY. Osliome. Thomas W, maj ; mas. May 9. 1S63. Tamblin. John W., capt. ; mus. Nov. 9, 1861. Ilazletoii. James B , oipt. : mus. Dtv. *\, 1864. Spralt, J. seph, capt- : mus. Nov. 9, 1801. Philip, William H, 1st lieul. : mus. Se|a. 16, 1864. Chapin, Itarius M., 1st lieut.; mus. Feb. 28, 1865. 2D ARTILLERY. Bliss, Orlando T., capt. : mus. Jan. 28, 1865. 3P ARTILLERY. Sherwood, Ge«r^ E, 1st lieut. ; mus. Jolj IC. 1S64. STH ARTILLERY. Wilder, Henry B, maj. ; mus. March 10, ISKi. Root, Frank K, capt. ; mus. Nov. 19, 1862. liiTH ARTILLERY. Spran, Joseph, 1ieut.-col. : mus. Jan. 14, 18S1. Campliell. James B, maj.: mus. Jan. 14. 1863. Oslomi-. Thom;t3 W., maj. : mus. Feb. 13. 1863. .Vbell, diarbs C„ maj.: mus. May 11. 1864. Cowb-s, S..n..ea R. maj.; mus. Slav 18. 1«04. ^*''' ' - n W., adjt. : mns, June 18, 1863. ^' ■ ' \^'.. '|r, mr.: mus, Sept. 12, 1862. Ci'l "^ . surg. '^ ^V- »s-'.-surg ; mus. Feb. 20, 1863. H'l X.. assl.-surg. Hi -«=t -surg. : mail. Mav 21, 1863. PkI". '• • -?.: mo«. Jane'27, 1864. 57G HISTORY OF JKFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Wilson, Sfosra E., chn]ilain ; mm. Nov. — , 18G3. Cli'ghorn, Aduiiifl, i-iipt.; iiiiiH. Nuv, 20, 1SG2. Htitiliri^tnti, I«ajic L., cjipt. ; liliiR. Jan. :U, ISIVi. Oirter, Lucien K., caiit. ; miis. Jiim- ;!(!, 1«W. Aniistrung. Juliii C, capt. ; mtis. Marrli 10, lKtl:j, Kitts. (iiliii K., lapt. ; nms. Nuv, 29, 1N02. Sh, capt. ; liius. Nov. 20, 18G2. Parker, .lolin II.. capt. ; tnus. Aug. 21, 18G.t. Taggart, Bjroii I)., capt.; IUU3. Nov. 20, 1802. C.niut. I'liilaiidir B., capt.; mils. Marcli :ill, 18M. Uisiiig, Loman A., capt. ; mus. Feb. 18, 1805. Gn-cii, JallU'H K.. capt. .Smith, Kdward H., capt.; mus. Oct. l.'i, 1803. Tjlcr, Eiinan, 1st licut.; mus. Nov. 20, 1802. Montague. Harrison, lat lieut. ; laus. Dec. 24, 1802. Freeman, Wni. I*., lat lient. ; mus. filarcb 30. 18Gij. Wliecler, Andrew A., lat lieut. ; mus. Nov. 20, 1802. Jones, Riis.sell M., 1st lieut. ; mus. Uct. 15, 1801. Ca]., 1st lieut. ; mus. Sept. 30, 18G4. Flint, William II., 2d lieut. ; mus. March 3li, 1805. Cooper, Dealton W., 2d lieut.; mus. Nov. 13, 18()3. Die id ().. i|r. nir. : mus. March '20, 1802. Shedd, Jerome 1., qr. lur. : mus. Dec. 17, 1802. Reed, Jeremiah S., qr. mr. ; mus. May 11, 1805. Goodale, Charles, surg.; mus. Slarch ^20, 1862. Smith, .\ndrew H.,8iirg. ; mus. May 31, 1862. Avery, George W., surg. ; mus. Oct. 13, 1802. Chauil^erlaiu David C, surg. ; mus. April 10, 1802. Seymour, Elliridge t;., asst. surg. ; mus. Mar. ■20, 1802. Brown, Jidin T., iissl. surg. ; mus. Sept. 17, 1802. Reynolds, John D., asst. surg.; mns. Marcli 17, 1803. Derby. Edmund G., asst. surg.; mus. Aug. '27, 1802. Fuller, Winfield S., asst. surg.; mus. Jan. 24, 1865. Reynolds, Porter L. F., asst. surg. ; mns. 5Iar. 14, 1805. Nichols, W^illiam A., chapl.; mils. May 7, 1802. Cook, Pliilos G., chapl. ; mns. Nov. 10, 1862. Beebe, Isaac M., cap!.; mus. March 20, 180'2. White, Horace G., capt. ; mus. Oct. ^29, 1802. Slason, Orlo J., capt.; mus. .Iiine 17, 1805. Siiell, Lansing, capt.; mns. Maich 2U, 1802. Gates, Jacob S., capt. ; mus. May '20, 1802, Lyttle, Laliiyette F., capt. ; June 20, 186:!. Che-ter, WalterT., cap!.; mils. May IS, 1S04. Emerson, James', ciipt. ; mus. March 20, 1802. Seurle. Bernard D., cap!.; mus. Oct. 20, 1802. Seals, Dcxler C, capt.; mns. May 11, 1805. Coniee, Chr.stopher C, cajit. ; mus. Dec. 17, 18C'2. Coltoii, H. Seymour, capt. ; mus. .Alay 18, 1864. Hawkins, O.car F., capt. : mus. March 13, 1805. Kilborn, Cbiiuncey W., capt.; mns. June :10, 1865. Place, Samuel, .Ir., capt.; ii.iis. JIar. ^20, 1802. Joy, Royal N., capt.; ilius. July 8, 1804. Crawford, Alex. 5IcL , capt. ; mus. Dec. 24, 1864. Mesler, Charles V,, capt.; inus. Mar. Ui, l80'i. Bibbins, Harrison, capt.; mus. Blar. 20, 1802. Nichols, Duane M., capt. ; iiius. fliay -26, 1862. Dayton, Edward A., cjipt. ; mus. May 9, 1803. llorr, .\uslin, cjipt. ; mus. May 2o, 1862. Lacv, John, capl.; in us. May 2i;, 1802. Doo'litlle, Isaac, ciipt.; mus Mar. 17, 1805. French, G, (killed in at lion), capt.; mus. Dec. 7, '65. Leonard, Jlichael, capl. ; mus. May 11, 1865. Briggs, I. E., capt.; mus. Mar. '20, l.<0'2. Carpenter, Levi, capt.; nms. Oct. 2'.>, 18ri2. Whiteside', John C., capt. ; mus. Nov. 10, 1862. Mallison, J. seph, capl. ; liius. May 31, 1864. Nutting, Abel M., capt.; mus. Mar. '211, 1862. Tyler, Wallace W., capt. ; mus. Jan. 27, 1803. Rodgers, Charles F., capt.; mus. Nov. 24, 1802. Parker, Edward ('., capt. ; mus. Jan. 27, 186:!. Cooley, A. E., capt.; mils. April 10, 1802. Field, Augustus, capt. ; mus, 5Iay 9, 180:1. Sloore, Alu-ahain, capt, Bcnlinni, Willis, capl, Currie, Jiimes, Ist lient, ; mus, Oct, 29, 1802, Thomas, James P,, 1st lituit, ; mus, Aug, 13, 18G4. Johnson, Alba A., 1st lient,; mus, Dec, 17, ISI'sl, Phillips, James O., 1st lieul.; mus. May 31, 180.5. Philes, Henry II,, Isl lieut. ; mus. July '25, 1805. M.iore. John D.. 1st lieut. ; mus. Mar. '20, 180-2. Colton, H. Sey nr, Ist lieut. ; mus. Dec. 5, 180-2. Ilalch, Junius H., Isl lieul. ; mns. June '22, 1864. Strong, Ilaydeli, Ist lieut.; nms. July 2.5, 180.5. Tl lerinan, Calvin, Ist lient.; mus. Mar. 20, 18G2. Mather, George, lat lieut. ; mus. June 17, 1865. Oshaui, (;eorge H., 1st lieul.; mus. May 10, 1863. Swan, Henry, 1st lient. ; mus. Aug. 22. 18('4. De Marse, Samuel, 1st lieut.; mns. June 17, 18G5. Mayhew, Kdward V., 1st lient. ; mns. Dec. 17, 180*2. Cole. John B., 1st lieul.; mns. May 31, Istli. Ml Comber, George, 1st lieul.; mus. Oct. '20, 180-2. Wbiteide, Benjamin, 1st lieut.; iiius. Dec. i'i, 1862. llolby, Jaiiics D., 1st lieul. ; mus. -May 31, 1805. Maiisfleld, J. Mason, 1st lieut. ; mils. Mar. 2ll, 1802. Collier, Robert, Isl lient. : mus. June ^o, 1802. Massey, Fn-derick J., Ist lieut. ; mus. Nov. 24, 1802. Merriam, Russell B., 1st lient. ; mns. Mar. 24, 1805. Woodward, W.J. M.(died of wounds), 1st lieut, ; mus, April 11, 18112, Wodell. Isaac P., 1st lient. ; mus. Oct. 29, 180->. DeUratr, John, Ist lieut. ; mus. Nov, -24, 1802, Crawford, P,(killed in action;, 1st lieul, ; mus, .\pr, 1, 180.5, Hendricks, James, Isl lieut,; mus. May 17, 1805, Ludlow, Myron II., 1st lieut.; mus. July 25, 1805. Knowles, Will am, 1st lieut. Braiiiard, Orville II., ^d lient. : mus. March 26, 1862. De Forest, Charles L., '2d lieut. ; mus. Jan. 27, 186:1. Rundell, Charles K., '2d lieut. ; mus. March -20, 1802. Cook. Horace S,, 2d lieut, ; mus, March 20, 1862, Ford, Wayliiiiil. 2d lieut,; mus, Dec, :!, 1862, Lockliii, Albert W., -2d lieul.; mns. Feb. 0, 1803. Burns, Edward M., 2d lieut.; mus. Mairh 18, 1862. Washburne, Levi, -2d lieut. ; mus. May 26, 1802. Swan, Henrv, 2d lieut.; mus. May 9, 1803. Roseboom. Howard, 2d lient.; mus. Dec. 17. 1802. Smith, Warren S., -2d lieut.; mns. Oct. 29, 180-2. Burrows, Thomas, 2d lieul.; mils. Dec. 2-2, 1802. Merrill, E. M., 'id licut. Smith, Frank, 2d lieut. ; mus. Oct. 29, 18^2. Sliutlis, Stipben G., 2d lieut.; mus. Aug. ±t. 1804. Ryan, Patrick R., '2d lieut.; mns. Dec. 7, 1864. Sloat, diaries W., 2d lieut.: mns. June 20, 186:1. ifoung, Richard, 2d lient. : mus. Julv 25, 1805. Ludh.w, Myioii II., -2.1 lient.; nms. May 11,186.5. Mercer, Edward I)., 2d lieut. ; mus. July -25, 180a. Flattery, J. hn, 2il lieut.; mns. .luly 2.5,1805. Qiiildlhrile, William W, 2d lieut.; mus. July ■2.5,1865. Williams. Watkii s II. 2il lieut. ; mns. May 31, 1865. Crane, Wiliam E., 2il lieut. ; mils. July 25, 18rh5. Hay, .\lexander, 2d lieut. : mus. June 17, 1805. Patterson, .\lidersun, -211 lieul.; mus. Jnly -25. 1865. Smith, John R., '211 lieut. ; mus. May 31, 186.5. Wilder, Geurge D., '2d lieut.; mus. July -2.5, 1865. Brewer, Allen, -2d lient.; mus. .\ug. 1-2, 1801. Hafie, Jonas, 2d lieut. ; mus. Dec. 7, 18ti4. ■\Vbalori, Daniel, 2d lieut.; mus. May H, 1805. Longniire, Gavin, 2d lieut. 97TII INFANTRY, N. Y. S. V. Ferguson, Nelson D., surg. ; mus. March 10, 1802. 99TH INFANTRY, N. Y. S. V. Johnson, Cliaa. jM., asst. surg.; mus. May 5, 1803, 147TH INFANTRY, N, Y, S, V. Woodard, Datus, capt. : mus. Oct. 4, 1802. 1S6TII INFANTRY, N. Y. S. V. Winslow, Bradley, colonel ; mus. Jan. 19, 1865. Marsh. K. .lay, lient. ; mus. Jan. 10, 1865. Sternberg, .\bram D., maj. ; mus. Jan. 19. 18(k>. Field, Andrew J., adjutant; mus. J. in. 19, ISI'io, Marsh, Luther M., adjutant ; mus, ,lan, 19, 1,SC5. Timmernian, Calvin, q. in.; inns. May 20. 1805. Bailey, William ('., surg.; mus. Seiil.3u, 1864. t^irlisle, Kbeii S., iw-l. surg.; mus. Oct. 1, 1S64. Coleiiiau. James C, as-t. surg.; mus. March In, 1865. Shaw, James II., asst. surg.; mus. Dec. 13, 18t'>4. Burnett, John II.. chiplaiii ; mns. Oct. -29, i«o«. Snell, Lansing, chapl.iin; mus. May 11, 18Cs>, McWayne. Jay D,. capt. ; mns. Jan. 19, 1865. Legg, Judson P.. capl. ; mus. Dec. 22, 1864. Swan, Edwin, capl. Yates, Henry, capt. ; mils. March 20, 1865. McMulleu, Richaid R., capt.; mil-. Jan. 19, 130S. Squires, Charles I)., capl. ; mus., Ian. 10, 18lk5, Ferris, E, George,''capt, ; mus, Blay 17. 18*'5. Wallace, William R., capt. ; mus. Oct. 1, 1801. Iloial, Daniel B., capl.: mus. Jan. 10, 1805. Brown, Kendrick W., capt.; mns. Dec. -27. 1864. Reynolds, John M., Ciipt. ; mus. Jan. 10, 18rs>. Bates, Iliixbaln P., capt.; mns. March 6, 18(i.5. Gleason, W. Wallace, ls| Hint. ; mils. March 6, 18W. Edwards, diaries J., 1st lient. : mus. Jan. 19, 1S65. lirciwn, Bradley B., 1st lieul.; mus. March :lil, 1805. Phillips, Augustus J., 1st lieul. ; mns. Jan. 10, 186.5. Phelps. Charles N., Isl lieut. ; inus. Jan. 19, 18ia. Peck, William K., 1st ln-nl.; linis. .Ian. 10, 18rs5. Taylor, James A., Isl lieut. ; mus. Dec. '27, 1804. Morse, Amos, Ist lieut. ; inns. Jan. 10, 1805. Jonis, FIdward K., Isl licut. ; mus. Jlay 20, 1805. Mathews, James, 1st lieul. ; mus. .Ian. 19, 18a5. Herring. William P., Isl lieul. ; mus. Jan. 19, 1865. Marsh, Walter P., 2d lieut.; mus. Dec. :io, I8C4. Failing, Walsleeli, '211 liillt. ; mns. Jliiy 20, 1805. JlcComber, Edwin, 2il lieut. ; mus. Jan. 19, 1805. Stapliii, Ilelos, ■2d lieut.: Inns. .lau. 19, 180,5. Ournilt. Henry C, ^d lieut. ; mus. Jan. 19, 1805. Liidit, AUxander, 2d lient. ; inns. Jan. 19, I8li5. RobirlBon, (buries C., -2d li.-iit. ; mus. Oct. 10, 1804. Brow n, Ilenilricks W.. 'id lieut. ; mus. Jan. 19, 1805. Cutler, Orville L., 2il lieul. ; inus. Jan. 10, 180.5. Bartlelt, .bilin W., -2d lient.; mus. March :«1, 180.5. llurr, James (>., 2d lieut. ; mus. Jan. 19, 1805. 10:!I) INFANTRY, N. Y. S. V. Ainsworth, Sidney W., capt.; nms. May 0, 1805. stapliu, Oriii D., capl. ; mils. May 6, 1865. Myers, Isaac, 2d liullt. ; milB. May 0, 1805. NAMES OF CITIZENS WHO ASSISTED AND CONTRIBUTED TOWARDS THE PUBLICATION OF THE HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, WITH PERSONAL STATISTICS. WATERTOWN CITY. ATTORNEYS. Bn)Wn, Levi II., Attorney mul Cuiiiisi-lor, ii Hi • Ifftr lS4r., Pros. Wjit(*r- tu.vn Spi-iiiK W.tjr.in (V... M lyor city lS7i'., Ai; St .n • St., Ii. N. V., s. isl.s. B;i;^li-y, H., .Vttririi -y hihI r.niii^i'lor, iiiiinitl...l ti th • Lap la 14, im-iii.ier State L:'v:i-IMiirf l«t'J, l Bmk! licl at., li. N. Y.. «. IKU). Kmersoii, Krct]., .VttiiriM.y iiiiil CuiiiHi-Iur, udniittted tu tlie l>ar 184S, 5^ Stuto at., I.. N. v., «. 1SJ7. Ktiu'rsDTi, K l«.ir C. .Vttnrriey nnii Coiiiisclor, lulmittpil to ttio b;ir 1871, firm li'Ilriuii .1- Knitfrsiin, iJii Wu-liinctcin pi., I.. X. V.. ». l»Vl. (irilllii. II. (■., .\tluriiHV and iTvMiiiaelur, a to I8,il, 34 W&sliinglon, b. S. Y'., «. 1X17. Ijanain:;, John, .Vtl-irney ami Oouns'-lor, admitted to tho bar 18.>4, firm Lansing ,t Sherman, .'i Clinton St., b. N. Y., •>. 1*12. Lansing, K., .Vltornev and ('oiinst'lor, admitted to the bar 1859, flnil Lanaiug A Kcigei-s, 29 WasliinHlon pi., Ii. .V. Y., s. IS.ir>. Mnllin, .lost'ph. Attorney and Connsi-I.ir. admitted to the bar 18:17, .Instice Su- preini' Cmrl N. Y. State, elei-ted Is.-i7, ."ili \Vaaliiiij;ton. b. Ir.'., s. l.'i-il. Monk, G. W., Altcuiiey and Counselor, admitted to tlie b ir 1874, 10 I'addoek St., b. N. Y., a. 18'iU. North, Kdgar, .Vttorney and Counselor, admitted to the bar 18G7, '22 B.iker St., b. N. Y , 8. IH4 I. Itogers, W'at-ion M., .Vttorney and Counselor, admitted to the bar 18G8, District Attorney, ebcted 1814, 211 Ten Kyck St., b. X. Y., ». 1S44. Pr.itt, S. U., .Vttorney ami Counselor, admitted to llio b;ir lStJ4, Baker St., b. N. Y., B. 1SI19. Smith, Hannibal, .Vttornev and Counsoljr, admitted to the bar 187.\ 44 Rut- l.ind St., b. N. Y., ». 187U. Walt-i, C. II.. .Vttorney and Counselor, admitted to the bar ISG2, 8 Wioslow St., b. N. Y., s. 1K4U. AVinslow, Bradley, .\trorney and Counselor, admitted to thebarlSoo, Brig.-Gen. by brevet V. S. Vola., 24 ('lintou St., b. N'. Y.,9. 1811. >Vhitii)g, Xatlian, Attorney and Counselor, adin.tted to the bar 18o7, 21 State St., b. N. Y., 8. 18211. BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS. Cadwell. J. S., B;iker and Coiifectiuner, eat.ib. l.^.T, 2J Kli/..ibith St., b. Conn., a. l.S,-.7. Jess, Henry, Prop. Watertown Mechanical Bakery, firm of Nill & Jees, 9 Cof- le.-n -t., Ii. IJei-., s. 1811:1. Nill, John, Pro]>. Watertown Mechani&il Bakery, firm of Nill Jt Jess, 11 High St., b. tier., a. l«tlu. Slomau, W. .v.. Toys aud Fancy Goods, Paddock's .Vrcade, b. N. H., a. 1867. BANKERS. Camp, T. If., President Jeff. Co. X ili oial ll.iiik, 4(1 MiL«s»y St., b. S. Y., s. IS17. Clark, Charles, Teller and Book-keep.w .li-nei-son Co. Bank I8;l.j, Deputy County Clerk 1824 to 18:!'.), Assessor Village Watertowu 25 years, :18 Stone St., b. N. Y., a. 18U(1. Farewell, A. 51., Pr.'S. Jeff. Co. Savings Bank, 8 Clinton St., b. Ohio, s. lS,iS. Ivea, VVillanl, President Merchants' Bank, President Watertown Kire Insurance Co., Ives St., b. N. W, a. 181111. I.ord, a., Pre-bleiit Xati.oial Cnioii B;ink, President North Insumnce Co., N. Y'., ai stone at., b. N. Y., s. 1810. Powers, Is;i.ac P., Direcltir Xiitiotml Union Bank and Watertown Steam Engine Co., :U State St., b. X. Y., s. 18.".!. Paddock. K. I.., Pres. Isl National lliiik, 32 Waaliington St., 1>. N. Y., 9. 1824. Va.ldock, itacar. Vice-Pre... 1st Nat. Bank, 311 Washington St., b. N. Y., s. 181*1. l*o»d. Sylvanna, Vici.-Preaident Mei-ctiants' Bink. 7 Stite at., b. Mass., s. 18.VJ. Sherman, John \., Vice-Proa. Nat. Union hank, 4:1 Stone at., b. X. Y'., s. 1809. Sherman, George 11., Presi.lent National It ink, Director X. Inannuice Co. and Davis Sewing-Machine Co., l.'i t;iintoii St., b. X. Y'., a. 18:14. Sherman, Itiibert L., Vice-Preaident Watertown Bank and Loan Oi., Farmer, Waterbiwu Centre, b. N. Y., 8. I83«. Smith, George, in JelTersoh Co. Savings Bank, 1st Clianiberlain Watertown City, Jeffrs.in Co. S.ivinga B.ink, li. X. Y'.. s. IHl l. W.iolworlh, S. T., Caahiir J.fT. d. Nat. Bank, :i.i State St., b. N. Y., «. 186.5. Thompson, Myei-a. C.iahier Jeff. Co. Xat. Hank Isr.il to ls71, ill Waaiiingtuu St. BOOKS AND STATIONERY. Chase, .Tustiis, Jr., D-aler in Periodicals, SUitionery, and Confectionery, 22 State 8t., b. X. Y., 8. 1S.-,1. Moslier, Henry B.. Dealer in Books, Stjvtioncry. etc., Window-Shndea, Wall- Pala'r, etc., lirm of Sterlhig ,t Mosher, 4iJ CI nion St., b. X. \ , a. is:l'> Sterling, John C. Dealer in Books, Stationery,elc.. Window-Sh ides, Wall-Paper, etc., firm of Sterling A Moaliei, Sti'riing Plac •, b. X. Y., s. 1820. W.iterman, C. .V., Dc.iler in Books, Stationery, etc., firm of lianford Jb Watel^ Ul in, 24 State St., b. M iss , 8. I8(i 1. Walsh, E. R , Siipt. Union Xows Co., :)1 Poblic Square, b. III., 9. 18G'2. BOOTS AND SHOES. 11:118,001)., Jr.,Mfr. and Dlr. in lloot.s and 8ho.'<. .'.4 Kiaiiklin St., b. Gor., 9. 1832. H.uia, Ue..., Mfr. and Dlr. in I! ...Is and Sh »s, .,4 Kninklin at., b. Ger., R. l8.->2. Mid lletin,D.C..Mfr. ami Dlr. in Hoots and .Shie., 17 State St., b. N. Y.,9. 18.i0. Middleton, .\iidiew C, Sllr. an. I Dlr. in BooU an.l Shoes, 17 State at., b. N. Y., 9. 18—. Martin, O. C, Prop. Parlor Shoo Store, 2 Winalow St., b. X. Y., s. 1367. Prouty, .Tohn, Whol. and R t'l Dlr. lu Boots and Shooa,2 Benodlct St., b. Mom. s. 1855. CIVIL OFFICIALS. Acker, C. W., Citv Ass'r, 1st Ward, elected IK7.'., il Centre at., b. N. Y., s. 1800. Ileal. A. It.. Siipl! City Scli..ola, 62 Stone at., b. X. Y., 9. 1875. Brown, 1.. II., Justice of the Pe.ice, eleetiKl I8."iS, Surrogate Jefferson Co. under new c.institntion, 1847-.'.l, Hi Clinton at., b. X. Y., a. I8ii8. Babbitt, II. I)., Deputy .sh.rilT, apiKiint.- 1 la7.1. Miiaa..) sf., b. N. Y., 9. 1847. B.irber, Th'iiiiis, .VIderm.in, Isl Ward, Mnfr. Itotary Puinlia, Hoard St., b. Bng., a. lS:io. Champlin, C. G , P.ili.eman, elected 1872, 811 Arsenal 8t., b. N. Y., a. I84I. Cummings, Win., K. It. Policeman, appointed by Gov. Kenton, I8tj7, U. W. A O. dep.t, b. N. Y ,s. 1W4. Culo, G ' .rge. County Clerk, elected lir76, Dep. 1868 to 1876, Court House, b. N. Y., s. 18G.i. Chittenden, T. C, Supervisor 3.1 Ward, elected 18G9, Gen. Ins., Fire and Life, 5 Benedict St., b. X. Y., 8. 1827. Green, Duane .\., .Vldennan 4:h Ward, foreman Sloat & Greaiileaf, 8 Davidson St., b. X. Y., 8. 1845. Gale, S. <)., Assea-sor 4tli Ward, elected 1874, Farmer, cor. Galo and Thompson Bts., b. N. Y., a. 1812. Guest. Miles, chief of P.ilice, elected 1SG9, 15 Massey St., b. N. Y., s. 18:15. Hinds, Kr.ink .\., City Civil Engineer and Surveyor, appointed 187*2,161 State at., b. X. Y., s. I84:i. Kiiowlton, Jiio. C., Supervisor 2d Wiinl, Sterling Place, b. N. Y.. s. 18.37. Mc(_'nlchiii, Win., PoMceniiin, elected IbG'J, 2 Van Du/.en St., b. Ireland, a. 1842. .Millingt.in, Th..a., Policeman, electe.1 IS72, 28 Bnrrhaiil st , b. Kng , 8. 1865. Pc-, k. A. W., Sheriff .leirei-3.iii Cs.., elected 1875. 6 Mass-y st., b. X. Y., s. 1822. Phelps, Jii.i. L., City Chamberlain, elected 1876. 17 Clinton St., b. X. V.. 9. 18">8. Kiilison, W. D. v., Sejircli-Clerk Cs». Clerk's Office, Clerk Board Siipervis.irs, clect...l 1870. 12 Holcoinb St., b. X. Y., s. 1844. Shorman, Wui. W., Alderman :ld Wanl, 2 Sherman St., b. N. V., 8. 18—. Smith, Geo., .Mdeiiuan 2d Ward, elected 1875, JelToraon C*>, S;iving8 B.ilik, b. X. Y., s. 181 1. Smith, T. .\., Alderman 3d Ward, dealer in Real Estate, 221 .\rsenal St., b. N. Y., s. 1847. Scott. Ross C, Special Surrogate, elected 1SG8, 8 High «t.. b. N. Y., 8. 1818. Streeter, .Iiio. C, Slip -rvissir 1st Ward, 19 State St., b. X. Y'., s. 1S«I. Sl.ial, C. W,, Supervisor 4th Ward, 107 JIaiii at., h. .V. V., 8. 1840. Tripp, S. II., Supt. Public Works, and Boiler-maker, 20 Keyes ave., b. N. Y., 8. 18:i4. Whiting, Nathan, .\lderman 1st Ward, elected 1875, 21 State st., b. N. Y., «. 1826. Wilder, Dexter, ex-County Clerk, U. S. Assessor Int. Rev. 2Utli Diat. N. Y., 18T0 to expiration of olHce, 6 Benedict .at., b. X. Y., a. 18:19. Wilbur, H. M., Justice of the Peace, elected 1870, 41 Massey St., b. N. Y., «. 1851. Walts, V. II., City .\ttoriiey, firm of Borter & Walts, 8 Windsor at., b. N. Y^ 9. 1840. CLERGYMAN. Keyes, Rev. Richard G., Clergyman, 51 Wasliingt.in, b. N. Y., s. 1826. CLOTHIERS. Dewey, D. B., Cust.im and R.>ady-Ma.le Clotliiiig, firm J. C. Streeter & Co., 10 Woodruff House, b. X. Y., s. 1867. Miller, J. It., Merchant I'ailor, Clothier, Gents' Furnishing Goods, 14 Winslow St., b. Scotlau'l, 8. 1868. Mantle, B. H., Melxhant Tailor, Cb.thier, Genia' Furnishing Goods, firm Bris- tol ,t Mantle, 4 State st., b. X. Y.. a. 18.io. Streeter, Xela.in W., Cl.ithier i retir.dl, :1G State St., b. Mass., a. 1S'21. .Streeter, J. C., Cbilhier, Gents' Knrni-hing Goials, 19 .State at., b. N. Y., a. 1829. Vullat.T. W., Merchant Tailor, 113 Factory St., li. N. Y., >. 1844. COAL DEALERS. Frink, Daniel, Dealer in Coal, S.ilt, riu-bi. uii.l Mfr. of Lime, 69 Washington pi., b. X. Y., 8. 1847. Marcy, R., Wholeoala and Retail Dealer in Ciml, 9 Keyes ave., b. Ireland, a. 1872. CROCKERY, ETC. Murray, I.. R., Dealer in China, Crockery, and Glassware, estab. \H.\i, 61 Court St., b. N. Y., 8. 182.1. Waite, 11. D., Dealer in China, Cmrkerv. anil C.lasswarc. firm of Waite, Allen t Co., estab. 1853, 15 Woodruff U..iise, b. X. Y., 8. 1842. DENTISTS. Dunn, Wm. E., Surg.'t.n-Dentist, pab-nt-e mineral or porcelain plate, Jiat. 1863, cor. Tell Bvck and H.ilcoinli ala., b. X. Y., «. 1876. Robinson, S. M., Surge.in-Denlist. 1 Ton Kyck st.. U. Vt., a. 18:16. DRUGS AND MEDICINES. Camp, T. II., Dealer in Drugs and 3Ieilii.-iiies, firm of l.'aiiip A Massey, 46 Mas- Bey St , b. N. Y., s. l.-.^. Cooper, E. v., Dealer in Drugs and Medcinea, .55 Wiuihinglon, b. N. \'., a. 1824. Massey, Geo. B., Dealer in Drugs and Medicines, firm of tiuiip & Massey, 50 'liassey St., b. N. Y., a. 18.16. DRY GOODS. ."Vumond. J. P., Drv Goola, Cloths, and Notions, finn .\umond A Black, 15 Fr.inklin -t , b. g.iebec. s. 1877. Ayera, II. II., Whob-s^ile an.l Beta I Dry Goods and Csir|iets, firm Ilerrick A Avei^. G Sherman st., b. N. Y.. a. 1817. Angaliury, Alex., Dry G.iods Merchant (relireiD, 19 Stone at., b. N. T., 9. 1824. Biishnell, Jerome, Dry Goods .Merchant, :«) Sterling at., b. N. Y., ». 183;. Bushnell, Albert, Dry Goods and Canwts, '20 SU-rling St., b. N. Y., 8. 1833. 577 578 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Bnrtli'lt, II. A., fliipf Clork Willi N. Wiiwlow, Dry Goods, 9 Bpnedict St., b. N. v., s. Is:(4. llliuk, UdIiI., I) y Cciiiils. Ch.tlis, nnd Notions, firm Aimionil i liliitk.lu Acud- emy 81 . It,* Out., s. IsTo. Ciirpeiilcr. J. M.. I>ry tJooiis and llrociTlfa, fii in Carjit-iiter A Iturgwin, 4;i State SI., li. N. v., ». ls:o. Cadwcll, O. B , Pry Ouods, f'lollis, and Notions, fiiin Cooke, Cadwi-ll A Co., 27 Stone St., b. N. Y.. s. 1S.'>4. Cnnipl'ell, .Mex., Wbolesjile and Retail Pry t^ooils and Cari)et8,finu Cnmitbell, Finewell S Co., 2.'> Sterling 81., b. N. Y., s. US;!. Cooke, II. v., Drv (iooils, CIollls, and N*»tion8, firm Cooke, Caldwell vt; Co., City As«ei-sor, eleeted 1»74, -11 Stone St., I>. N. Y , ». 1818. Farewill, K. K., \Vliole«ale ami liotail Dry Goods and Carpets, fiini Canipbill, Kiire«.-ll \ C..-, Clinton ^t , b. N. Y., 8. IK—. lli-rriek, W. \V., Wholesale anil Kclail Drv Goods and Cal'liets, fliiii Ilerrick & Aycrs, H I'add.K-k sC, I., N. Y., a. ISA".. Ilerriek, C. ll.,Cliiel Clk.wilh lleriiek * Ayre8,14 Pnildock St., b. N. Y'.,s,18.-.l. Moore, W. II., Jobber, antl K<-taii Dry iloods. Notion-, and Jewelry, fiini Moore & Sinilb, liil Aisenal ^t , b. N. Y., «. 1S."4. Jlonltoii, J. I' , Wholesale anil Helail Dry (ioods and Car|i"t8, firm of Camiibell, Farewell i Cm., b. N. Y., s. IsaO, riiinean, Jno. J. B , with .Vumonil A Black. Diy Goods Merchants, late firm of Ti iin.aii, I'liilbl.- A Co . :i."i Massey St., b. (inel.ec, s. 1840. I'ratt, Gen. T. It., Dry Goods Merchant (retireil), lUU Washington St., b. Mass., 8, l.sofi. Smith, Perry K . .lobbcr and Retail Dry Goods, NotioTis. and Jew elry, firm of Sloore & Sniith, cor. American St., b. N. Y., s. 18.')l. M'inaluw, Norris, Wliole!.al« and Retail Dry Goods Merchant, 47 Washington et., b. N. Y., s. isao. FURNITUKE. Lewis, J. C, Mnfr.of and Dealer in Fnrnittirc,Sprit>jx Beds, Mat treRses,Mirrors, etc., firm "f Levis, Ilenericb .V It.iuinls. 11 Winsh.w si., b N. Y,, s. ISii. Rounds, K.W.,Mnrr. of and Dlr. in Fnrnitnre, Sj.r.ng Beds, Mattresiies, Mirroi^, etc , firm of Lewis, Hencrich ,t Hounds, '.1 llnlcomh St., b. N. Y., s. 18.W. GRAIN DEALER. Ilanuuond, L. S., Giain Dealer, Ten Eyck »t., h. N. Y., S.18,i5. GROCERS. Andrus, M., Groceries, Provision^, ami Si-eds. is Clinton St., b. N. Y., s. 1823. Ballz, A. 1'., Gro. ami MIr.ol" I. nil.iii.mi Chee-e, G) Arsenal st., b. N. Y., s. IKIiO. Gill.ert. C. V. Gri... firm ol Smith .V (lili.ert, Womlriiir House, b. N. Y., s. 1840. llungerfoi-.l, C. A., Fine Gr.-ceiii-. 14 Wuilhn p St.. b. X. Y., s. lso4. Iliibbird, V. S., Wholesale ami Ui-tail Grocer, 1 State St., b. N. Y., s. 1818. McCoMiber, Geo., Wholesale and Retail Giocer, IS Ci.urt St., b. N. Y., 8. 18.-52. Terry, I). A., Grocer, firm of F. J. H I). A. Perry, 20 Doolittlu A Hall Block, b. X. Y., s. IstiO. Perry, F. J., Grocer, firm of F. .1. 4 0. A. Perry, 20 Doolitlle & Hall Bhick, b. N. Y., s. iwifi. Rice, D. M., Wbol.and Retail Gro. and Pork Pkr., Ten Eyck St., h. N. Y'., s. l.Wi. R*.ynulds, S. W., Chief Clerk with 1. E. Thompson & Co., Grocers, 4 Mechanic St., b. Out., s. 18(1.1. Sternberg, M. II., Wholesale and Ri-tail Grocer, fiim of I. E. Thompson * Co., 01 WashingtMn, b. N. Y., 8. ISoO. Tlionipson, I. V. , Wholesale * Retail Gn cer, firm of I. E. Tbonijison & Co., I'J Clinton St., Ii. N. Y., s. Ittll. ThomiBOTi. E. II., Grocer. In Wintlir..]i St., b. N. Y., 9.1847. Waite, L. M.. Grocer, 17 Clinton St., b. Ma-s., s. 1807. Gillingh im, S., Proprietor AtUinlic Tea Store, 5 Clay St., b. N. Y., 8. 1.S30. /iinmernian. T., Wh ilesiile and Reiail Grocer and Dealer in Butter and ('lioese, 00 Washington, b. N. Y., s. 18^11. HARDWARE, STOVES, ETC. Belknap, W. F., Geiienil Hardware, 21 Ten K.vck »t.. b. N. Y"., s. 1800, Uoward.Wni. .Stoves. Tilt. Sheet-Iron Ware, Gas- Fitting, etc.,firmof Hurbottle & Howard i. On State St., It. Mass., 8. lS4."t. Harlstttle. .Iiio. G., Stove-. Tin, Sheet-Iron W'are, Gas-Fitting, etc., firm of Har- bi.ttle .<: Howard, 7 State st., Ii. N. Y., s. 18:l:l. Howard, lliiir\. Mnlr. of Tin, Sheet-Iron, and Copper Ware, firm of A. & L. A. Hi.waid. Ciiion St., It. Mass., s. 18:s7. Howard. I.vmaii A.. >lfr. of Tin. Sheet-Iron, and Copper Ware, firm A. A L. .\. Ibtuar.l. I Jelb.rs.in si., b. Mas-., s. 1.S17. (Jates. E. M., Stoves. Tin, Sheet-lroTi, Furnaces, etc.. firm of Gates tt Spratt, Dili. Col. Internal Keveniie U.S., In Ten Eyck St., It. N. Y., s.1818. Spratt. .1. \V., Stoves Tin, Sheet-Iron, Furnaces, etc., firm of Gates & Spiutt, .52 Factoiy St., It. X. Y.. v 18:13. Sargent. Walter. Sti.ves, Furnaces, and IIouse-Furn'g Goods, firm of Sargent & Andrews, 2 JacUsim St., b. N. Y., s. 182:). Utley, Kol.ert I,., Whol. and Ret'l Ildw., firm of Utley 4 Winslow, 3.5 Stone St., b. N. Y., B. 1848. ■Wiushtw, .Fohii, WIed. and K.fl Ildw., firm of Cthy 4 Winslow, Massey avc, b. N. Y., a. 184.5. HARNESS. Austin, C. W., Manufacturer of Harness ami Trunks and Dealer in Horse Fur- uishing Goods, ;14 Academy St.. b. X. Y., s. 18:iO. HATS, CAPS, AND FURS. McKav, J. H.. JInfr. i-f Fins, and Healer in Hat^, Caps, Straw Goods, etc., firm 'of McKay .V to-nnetl, .M Slate St., b. Ont., s. l.'4'.l. Miller. Freeman. Dealer in Hats, Caps, Furs. Gents' Furnishing Goods, firm of K. Miller * Si n, :i Sterling St., It. N. Y., s. 18:1,5. Tnhbs, Chiis. II., Mnfr.of Furs, and Dealer in Hats, Caps, Stmw Goods, etc., successor of .V. Tnbls, i stab. 1827, :i'.l Stale St., b. N. Y'., ». 1843. HOTELS. Buck, Geo. A., Proprietor Woodruff House, firm of Buck A Sanger, Woodruff House, It. X. Y , s. ISH'I. Belts. II , Pri.pi i. lor Globe Hotel, 12 Conrt St.. b. N. Y., ». 1828. Bowers. <:. B.. III. lei Kistaur.iut. 17 Arsenal St., b. N. V., ». IH.VX Heliner, It itjamin, Piit|ii iftnr Han is House, Public S(|nare, b. N. Y'., 8. 18.37. Iliirri-. .\. M,. Pntprietor Kirl.y Housi., firm of .V. 31. Harris A Son, Court St., b. N. Y . ». Uil. Harris, E L., Proprietor Kirliy House, finn of .\. SI. Harris A Son, Court St., b. N. Y , s. 18t'.l. Ilutchitis. Julius W., Proprietor Michnnies' Hotel, Factoiy St., b. N. Y'.,». 184.5. Sanger, W. II., Proprietor W'oodnilT House, firm of Buck A Sanger, V\uudruir House, It. Mas., 8. 180'J. INSURANCE. Beoliee, Myrnn.Genenil Fire and l.ili Insimince, .5 Padihtck St., b. N. Y., 8. 182S. Ciinfi.-lil, .1. M., oliu Executive Iti.ard Watertown Fire Insnnince Co., N. Y'., 0:5 Wa.hiiigl HI -I., b. Mn-a., s. 1.8118. Carter, E. F., VIce-Pres. Watertown F. Ins. Co., S. Y., 1 Jay at., b. Conn., ». 1830. Dewey, Hiram, Gen'I. Agt. AgM. Ins. Co., Watertown, N. Y.,G2 Wa-sbington St., It. N. Y.. s. 1S..5. Fowler, Earl 11., Gi u'l. Agt. and Dir. Ag'I. Ins. Co., Watertown, N. Y. (refd>, :)0 Massey st.. It. N. Y.. B. IS—. Fow ler, Cbas. B., Dir. .\g'l. Ins. Co., and Gen'I. Ins. Agt., 36 Massey St., b. N. Y., s. 1847. Hill, (1. D., Stockholder "Homestead F. Ins. Co.," Rodman Twp, b. N. Y'., s. 18'27. Kiinp, .lohii E., Dir. Homestead Fire Ins. Co., and Mail Contractor, 42 Stone St., li. N. II.. s. I8in. Munsou. Isaac. Sec. ,\g'l. Fire Ins. Co., Watertown, N. Y'., 4.5 Washington St., b. N. Y., s. 18:U. Jlorgan, L. D., Fire and Life Insunince, '.^7 Ten Eyck at., b. N. Y'., s. 18:10. Miirni.v, T. ('., Gener.il Iu«nraiice, 25 Stone St., b. N. Y., s. 1875. Sternbergh, M. H., 01 Washington st., b. N. Y'.. s. 185C. Sherman, Jno. A., 41 Sbme st., b. N. Y'., «. 1809. Tbomp-ioo. Myers, Treasurer Homestead Fire Insnnince Co., Watertown, N. Y., 01 Washington St. JEWELERS. Beebee, Myron, Watches, Clocks, Jew el r v. and Silverware, fimi of Ilagar, Beeltee A Scott, 5 Paddock St., It. X. \.. f. 1S28. Drexel, Charles, Walehmaker, and De.iler in Clocks. Watches, and Jewelry, established 18.57, 67 Court St.. b. tierinany. s 18,57. Flower, It. P., Watches, Clocks, .lewelry, and .-iilverwaie, fimi of R. P. A A. R. Fluwi-r, New Y'ork st., b. X. Y., s. I8:i5. Flower, A. Ii., Watches. Clocks, Jewelry, and Silverware, firm of R. P. A A. R. Flower, 8 Sherman St., b. N Y.. s. 1843. Inglis, I. A., Manufiictnrer of Meilals and Dealer in Watches, Jewelry, and Silverware, 7 Paddock st., b. Ontario, 8. 1800. LIVERY, ETC. De Long, S.S., Livery, Sale ami Ex.haitge Slal.le, :i2 Arsenal st.. b. N. Y.. 8.1829. Harris, Frank, Lively, Sale ami KNchau^e St.ilde. il Franklin st., b. N. \'.,8. 187:1. LUMBER, ETC. Frost, .\., Denier in Lr.lnl er. Lath, Shingles, elc. (estab. 185S\ 18 Sterling St., It. N. Y., s. 18:.7. Greenleaf, L. C., Dealer in Lumber, Lalli, Shingles, Mouldings, etc., firm of S oat A Greenleaf, ::R Slate St.. h. N. Y., s. Islll. Sloat, C. W.. Dealer in l.nniber. Lath. Shingles, aionldiugs, etc., firm of Sloat A Gieelileaf, 107 Main St., b. N. \'., s. 1840. MANUFACTURES. Acker, C, W., Carriage Mnlr., firm or Acker A Coinins, 9 Centre St., b. N. Y., s. 18011. Ad'/,it, George, Carriage Mnfr., firm of Geo. Adz t A Son, 8 Bradley St., b. Ont., 8. 18.53. Ad/.it, Geo.. Jr., Carriage Mnfr., firm of Geo. Adzit A Son, 8 Bradley St., b. Out., B. I85:i. Bragger. J. J., Binss Fmiuder. Gas Filter and Plumber, firm of Bnigger A Son, 8 Hoard St., It. Eng., s. 18.51. Bragger, Joseph .1., Brass Fitnnder, Gas Fitter and Plumber, firm of Bragger A Son, 8 Hoard St., b. Eng , a. 18,52. Bagley, fb-o. .\., Slulr. Steain Engines, firm of Bagley A Sewall, member 44th and 4:5lh Congress, cor. .Stone and Iteneilict sts . b. N. Y'., s. 1820. Cook, Gn-tavus, Prop. City FIouring-Mills and Slillwrigbl, oO State St., b. N. Y., s. 1820. Coinins, c. C., Cariiage Mnfr., firm of ,\cker A Coiniua, 103 State st., b. N. Y., 8. 18411. Case, Loreu/.o, Mnfr, Sash, Doors, and Blinds, firm of L. Case A Son, 9 Monlton St., b. X. Y., 8. ISill. Case, K. E , Mnfr. Sash. Doors, and Blinds, firm of L. Case A .Son, 15 Sloulton St., b. X. Y., 8. 1848. Chamber-, Geo. ('., Mnlr. of Cigars, Jobber in Tobacco, 11 Ai"senal st., '20 Mas- sey St., b. N. Y., a. 187.5. Dodge, Ilonice G., Cariiage Mnfr., firm of Horton A Dodge, 10 (Ajffeen St., b. N. Y., s. 18:17. Farewell, \. M., Mnfr. and Dealer in Leather, R. R. Contractor, 8 Clinton st., It. (Ibio, 8. 18.58. Ferrin, II. F., Prop. Brookaide Cemetery Jlarlde and Granite Works, '20 Stoii« St., It. Vt., s. 184 1. Gilli'tte, Ellen, Miifr. of Leather and Dealer in Hides, etc., 28 Franklin 8t.,b. N. Y., s. 1802. Graves, I. .\., Mnfr. and .Tobber in choice gnnles of Flour, Meal, and Feed, firm of Shead A Graves. 32 Stale St., b. N. Y , s. 18:13. GniM'S, T. S., Mnfr. Sa-h, Doure, and Blinds, fiiin of Graves A Van Doreii, 00 Stalest., It. N. Y., 8. 18'22. Hall, It. II.. Mnlr. and Dealer in Leather, firm of R. H. Hall A Co , 7 Winthrop St., b. N. Y'., s. I8:ill. Hadcock. Solomon. Mnfr. of Axes and Kdge-Tools (retired), established 1844, Instate St., It. N. Y., 8. 1844. Holden, C. A , Mnlr. and Dealer in Tin-Ware, etc., Goials furnished to Peddlers, firm of Holden A T Iden, estnb. 18.52, 49 Arsenal St., b. Mass., s. 18.52. Ilerrick, A. II., Prop Exivlsior Mills, 112 Mnin ►!., b. Vt., a Ut'J. Johnson. A. .\ . Itook-keeper ami Cashier, willi Taggarl A Davis, Paper Mnfre., 61 Slone St., b. N. Y.. 8. 18:10. Johnaon, I.. .\.. Sec. and Trc>as. Davia Sewing-Machine Co., 12 Sherman St., b. X. Y.,8. 1.S31. Knowlton, G. W., Paper Mnfr., firm of Knowlton Bros., 5 Sterling St., b. N. Y., s. i8:;o. Knowlton, Jno. C, Paper Mnfr, firm of Knowlton Bros., Sterling Place, b. X. Y.. s. 18:17. Moore, E. D., Mulr. Sash, Doors, and Blinds, firm of Moore A Y'ork, Contractors, 14 lloyd St., b. Ma~a., s. 1802. Bleader. Daniel. Carriage Mnlr., firm of Kmnierich A Meader, 28 Meadow St., It. N. Y.. a. 18.51. Parker, George. Miifr. of Leather and Dealer in Hides, etc., firm of George Parker A Son. 9 High si., b. N. Y., s. 1817. Parker, .M. G,. Mnfr. ol Leather ami Dealer in Hides, etc., firm of George Parker A Sou, 2:1 Brouson St.. It. N. Y'., .s. 1844. RoUtiiK, D. S.. Mnfr. of .i^tap and Caudles. Dealer in Tallow. Hides, and Pells, Men .Market and Uiltcher, 16 William si., b. N. Y.. s. IKll. RusBell, W. H.. General Foreman of Taggarl A Davis, Paper Mnfrs., Main «t., It. Slot.. 8. 187.5. Smith, C. S., -Mnfr. of Carriages and General Blacksniilhing, Bradley St., b. N. Y.. a. 18:1.5. Sigourney, J. M., Pres Hitchcock Lump t'oinpany. 3,3 High st., b. N. Y'.. s. 1822. Story, F T., Prc.a. and Treas. Watertown Gas-Light C»t., 3:1 Clinton St., b. N. Y., 8. 1841. Shead, II. W.. Mnfr. and Jobher in ITour, Meal, and Feed, firm of Shead A Gnives, :l Ten Kyck St., h. X. Y,, s, 1819. Taggarl. B. B., Paper and Paper Flour-Sack Mnfr,, firm of Taggarl A Da\ is, 9 Sterling st,. b, X. Y',. s, 1,8:11, Tihlen, .Inn, M,, Mnfr. of Tin. Slii,et-Iron Ware, etc.. Peddlers' Goods, firm of Hold. II A Tildeli, 20 -Massey at., b. Vt., a. 1870. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 579 MEA.TS AND PROVISIONS. EniTuprirh, r*,, Hiitrlior an. N. Y.. 8. IK.'!!!. Liiwri-iiri', VJ, W., Uiitclii-r ulid Bleat Market, ullil Uarileiier, ITj Stale St., b. X. Y., ». 1K^!«. Wiliiun, Ueurge, Diitclier and Meat Maiket, iV-i Factory at., b. Ontariu, a. 1S40. MILLINERY. Sanfonl, I>. B., Whuleaale ami Ui-tail Millinery anil Fancy Gooil-i, IG Sterling St., b. Ma^s.. 8. ISlii. Traver, Ira .\., Kelail dlillinery and Fancy i:iu)d-*,4 Piuldock'a Arcade, b. N. Y., s. 1.S44. PHOTOQKAPHER3. Hart, Ch irlea S., l'liot"Kraplier. 1 Tell Kyi-k St., li. N. V,, 9. 18.'i2. Van VIeik, Geii., rr..|i. Wateituuii Cit.v Marble Wi.rUs. Italian Marble and Sriitell (Jianite Miilllllnellt^, Ij.S (.'iHirt St.. b. N. V.. s. IH '..'.. Van Kiireii, C. I , Miifr. .-ia-li, Dnur, ami lllimis, linn of tiraves.t Van Dorcu, 110 Main -t., I.. N. Y., s. lN:i.V WilBiin,.Sanri, I'r.ili.Cresient Mill, Hrlll i.f Wilsiin >t lsdi-ll,o4 State St., b. K. V., 8. 1(«7. Wincll, Will.. Gen'l Fureman Funmlrv, I'.ntablo Engine Wui ka, 27 State at., b. N. v., 8. 1K21. York, .\. E.. Miil'r. Saeli. Deor, anil Blinils, firm of Moon .V York, (^oiiti-acturs and litiildera, t Ke>ua ave., b. N. Y., a. t8;tu. PHYSICIANS. liiiriliik, ('. W,, Ph.vsirian ami Siiigeun, ilT Slate st.. b. Vt , 1. l.«.Vi. Cravve, .1. Mi.rlinier, I'li.vHician ami Surgeon, Kx-l'res. Jeir. ('0. Med. Society, iM l'..iirt St.. b. N. y., 8. 1»:)1. Cole, .\lfred L.. I'liysieiaii ami Siirfii'on, Kx-Prof. riietniatrv, Ilaii. Society, N. V. City, 14 Paddock's Arcade, li. .N. V.. 3. 1877. Knickei'biicker, S. C, Pbysician and Surgeon, firm of Knickerbocker A Lii' rd. .'»9 Waaliingtiin, b. N.'Y., ». isiil. Laird, W.T., IMivsician and Surgeon, firm of Knickerbocker & Laird, l:tTeli Kyck St.. b. N. v., 8. IS7i Miiiisiitt. I-aac, Pliy..'n and Siirg'n (retired). 4.'» Waabingfon 9t..b. \. Y'..8. I*<:t4. P.imielee, S. L., Pli.vaician and .Surgeon, Treatment by Klectricity, and ai'eciatty ot Nervonw llisi-asea, Is Paililock'a .\rcade, b. N. V., 8. lK7n. Roan, W. V. V.. Pliv.sieian and Siirgoim (retired 1. Director of llitclicock Lamp fii., cor, Sloii'e ami llenedict sla., b. N. Y., s. IsUi. Spencer, II. G inluii P.. Pbyaician and Surgeon, 17 Stmic St., b. N. Y., a. 1»21, Trobiidge, \V. K., Pliysieiaii and Surgeon, 41 Stone at., b. N. Y., a. 1«17. PRODUCE COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Hall, IT. M., Produce and I'onimissi.in Merchant, firm 11. M. Ball .t Son, 15 Padil.e k St., b. X. v., s. WM. llall, W. t)., Priidnce iiiiil Coniiiiissiun Merchant, firm H. M. Hall A Son, 15 Paddock St., b. N. V.. a. IS-Vl. Case, H. .1., Di-aler in Hotter, Cheese, and Pruduce, lirni llopkins .t Case, S.! Miuasoy si., b. S. V., 8. IttU. Ilopkina, Henry, Healer in Butter, Cheese, and Produce, film IluiiUitis A Case, V2 Winlhriip St., b. Conn., s. ISiJS. PUBLISHERS. Brockway, B., Ed. and Proji'i- htihf Tun s. ."»ii Stuiie st..b. Ilainiishire, Mjuss., s. ISli'll. Ilolbrook, t.'ha8. K., Hook and Job Printer, 47 Arsenal St., b. Franklin, N. Y'., 8. 1S.V2. Ilolbrook, K. A., Author " Life Thoughts," 47 Arsenal St., b. .St. lawrence, Co., N. Y.,8. in:.-.;. Ilynes C. J., JLinager lliihi Di'pit'-li. Benedict St., b. Ontario, 8. 1870. Ingalta, L., Prop, and Ed. Watt^rtitwn /'o«(, 7 Ten Eyck St., b. Jeflferson Co., X. Y'., s. IfiUP. Moss, Geo., Ed. Iliilii ;ii«;m(c/(, WoodrnIT House, b. Ontario, s. 1808. ICobiuaon, J. Sterling, Hook Jt Job Printer, 1 Tell Eyck St., b. Jeff. Co., X. Y'., 8. ISciU. » UNDERTAKER. Ballard, S. W., Undertaker, Kirby House, b. X. Y., a. 1812. U. S. OFFICIALS P. O. DEPARTMENT. Williams, Win. G., Postm ister, ap|.oiiited l,S7(l, 17 Ten Kyck St.. b. N. Y., s. 1S4S. Martin, Bruce ¥., l)ep.-|i.iu., appjinted 1870, 1.1 Henedict St., b. N. Y., s. l».'i:i. MISCELLANEOUS. Adams, Samuel. Dealer in Pianos, etc. (;iavr lir-t rendering of " Hamli-rs Mes- siah"' in Jetferaoii Co.), 7.j State St., b. Eng., a. 184N. .\ilatus, lieu.. Dealer in Piauua, firm of Adams Bros., 24 Hiii'chanl St., b. Kng., s. I.s.',n. Brown, Klain, 13State8t. Ueiinetl, Martha W. II ,S., Ill ICenedict 8t. Baker. Thus. Banta, J. I'., Photognipber. Clark, C. .\., Wholesale and Retail Dealer in Carriages, Director Watertown Spring Wagon Co., firm of Scripture A Clark, 5 Winslow at., b. X. Y., 8. ISjU. Cook, H. P.b. N. Y. Davis, Mrs. L., 25 Stone at., b. X. Y., 8. 1838. Eddy, II. W., 1112 State St. Frary, II. T.. Gen'l Ticket-Ag't R. W. k 0. R. R., :l Clinton St., b. X. Y., s. 185'J. Ilogan, Jius., Catholic Priest, ;(.i Mas.sey at. Lawyer. J. A.. Si'C. and Treiis. B. W. * O. K. R., 42 Massey St., b. N. Y'., «. 184S. Jlonr.ie, P., I:ti State at. Pattridge, Mrs. L , 28 Stone at., b. X. H., 8 1818. Phelps, George H., Contnictir, :14 Stone at., b. X. Y'., 8. 18.11. Petrie, Jereiuiiih, Fanner (retired 1. 12 Bradley at., b. X. Y., 8. 1830. Bead, Asahel, Farmer 'retired), 21 Stone si,, b. X. Y., a. 1800. Suiitli, .\. P., Ileal Estate, Hop-Grower, Vice-Prea. Waterlowii Spring Wagon C.I., 224 Arsenal st.. b. N. Y.. 9. 1817. Scripture, C, Wtiidesale and R>'t;iit Dealer in all kinds of Carriages, firm of Scripture * Clark, 17 Franklin ^t , b. X. Y., s. 1x47. Smith, W. O , Agt. Am. Ex. Co., 12 High St.. b. .\. Y.. a. t8'0. Sinilev, Ridiis .uE, Freight .Vgt, K. W, .V O. R. K , b. JelTerson Co.. X. Y.,s. Isl7. Mo .r;-, E. M., (bill Ft Agt. R. W k O. R R , 2.'. Miillin si., b. X. Y., 9. 1874. Moak, J. W . Supl. It. \V. ,v O. R. R., In Paddock St.. b. X. Y., a. 18110. Maa-iey, Stilliiian. Farmer (ret. red), Massey ave., b. Vt,. s. I80I. Hubbard, Ward, F.inuer (retired), 8 Massey ave., b. N. Y'., s. 1799. Haven, N., Carpenter, 20 Le Riy St.. b. Jrfforaon Co., N. Y., s. 1M6. Haven, C. G., ifonae Painter, '20 Lo Kay St., b. Jeffenton Co., N. Y., 8. 1846. Wiuslow, John, Farmer (dec'd), 10 MuMcy ave., b. VI., 8. 1804. WATERTOWN. Urintti.'ill, Jann't*, Jr., Faniicr ii-ni D.iiryiu ui, .Vr^tuaal, it. N. V., b. ISi't, p. o. add. \V;i(t*rtown. Hrjaiit, Thorn. w. FurnuT ami Diiirynian, Cjffecn, b, N. Y., h. 1815, \y. o. add. W'llttTt'.WII. ItiirniiiM, Siiuiirc, KnrrinT, Ii. X. Y., k. \%'M\ p. n. add. Wiitcrtnwn. lliill, Jnu. It., Kiu'iiier and l)iiir>uian, Off. (iutlinni, U N. Y., 8. 18-'IX, p. o. add. WutfTloWll. Harbour, llunrv S., Kiirmcr, Conlmctor and Hnildcr, Ancnal, U. N. Y., s. IKU, p. o, mill, WuttTtowri. Collini, ('. W., Kannoi- anil Dairjinan, MiteH Mill, b. N. Y., s. 1K."»2, p. o. mid. WntiTlowii. Collins, P., Fiiinii-r fn-tirrd), b. N. Y., 8. 1820, p. o. add. Wafertuwn. KvcrctI, Austin, Antf-nnl, b. CoTrn., h. 18—, p. <». add. Walcrtown. Ki^k, Mil, F.iimor, b. N. Y., h. IS28, p. i.. add. Wiiti-itown. (Jothiini, .Irncry T., Mccliani. , Siati-, b. N. Y , h. 18M, p. o. iidd. Wiik-rtown. (Jiflo d. Hurt W., T..wn Cb-rk, b. N. Y., rt. 18 17, p. o. ad.i. \Vut.Tt..un. iirny. .Iiio. ('., Ice I)i*nl«r, llunlinjrtiin, b. N. Y.. t*. 18.t4, \,. (». add. Watfiiown. (jravf^-M, (iriu .\., Farniur and Stuck (;i\»w»t, b. N. Y., ». I81S, p. o. atld. Water- tow n. (imvfs, It.vron W., Faraior and Stock Grower, b. N. Y., 8. 1845, p. o. a'Id. Wiiti-itown. Grag;:, Ariibiy H., Furinrr and Dnirynian. Jn»tico of llio Peace, elected 1877, Suntb lV»jid. b. N. Y., n. 18.i;t, p. o. luM. WatrrtowM. Gmgg. Daviil, FaiUR-r aii, p. o. add. Wateitown. Snell. Svlvester, Farmer and Gardener, b. X. Y., s. 18.37. p. o. add. Watertown Snell, Mrs. Biary A., Farmpr, b. X. Y., 8. 1837, p. o. add. Watertown. 580 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Fik«(, N. E., FHrnier, SIhIp, b. N. Y., b. 18(i5, p. o. nrtd. East Waterlown. SiKHiirin'V, A. I*.. FiiriinT, i: N. Y., a, iKlo, p. o. ndd. WHttTluwn. Sii» jrr, L. T., Kuriiur nnd Ihiiryinan, h. N. Y., "i. lSiti4, p. o. add. Wntertown. Siniiiioii^, ('. :S,, Ftirrn<-r mid Dairyman, Diy Hill, h. Ouun., s. ]8U.'i, p. o add. Wntrrtowii. Tiilrntt, Ntitliati, Fanner, Arsenal, b. Coiin., 8. 1HM3, p. o. add. Walertown. Tallilt, *;•«). II.. GiirdcntT, Fniil and Vcgetablt-s, Coffei n, b. H. Y., s. 1»07, p. o. add. WatiTtf'wn. Tlioinn-, V. (I., Faruior, b. N. Y., 8. IS'.M, p. o. mtd. East Watertown. Ta.vI'T, l>. I).,F«niK*r)indlmiry'ii, fi..lliani,b. N.Y.,8. IX'jil.p.o.iidd.Walprtown. Taylor, IticbHrd, Fanner and Pniiyinnn (dt-eeasi d),Gnibiini, b. N. Y., f. lit:J5, Taylor, (Jeo. A., Fnir. and Dniry'n, lioilmni, li.N. Y.,8. 1835, ji.u.add. Wati rtuwn. T>'lmun, S. It , Fiirnur and Daiiynian, Sandy Creek, b. N. Y., a. 1K28, p. o. add. \\'Hti'rti'wn. Tnlnian, Kt'« iif/.L^r, Farmer (deceased 1875), Sandy Creek, b. N. Y., 8. 1813, p. o. add. WaliMtuwii. Tolinan, An;nn'iit«, Farmer and Dairyman, Sandy Creek, b. N. Y., ». 1818. Tohiiaii. William. Farnit-r and Dairyman, Sandy I'reek.b. N. H.,8. 1817, p. u. add. \V«tert(>wn. Tolnian, \V. (»,, Farnit-r and Dairyman, Sandy Creek, b. N. Y., e. lK:t7, p, o. add. Wnicrtuwn. Willi. X, A. H.. Farmer. Ilrownvilh' Ibmd, b. Jeff. Co.,s. IWO, p. o. add. Drown* iile. While, Jav.Fnir. ami Da rv'n. Hi^. l>'4:i. p.o. add. Hrownville. W.M»iInifl.r.T..Mn.urDrck.Hiitiiin;.'ron.b. N. Y..s.D>I4,p.o.add. Watertown. W.HMlruir, .). C, Mir. of Hi irk. Huiilingtun, h. N. Y.,8. 18;VJ. p. ...add. Walerlnwn. Whitney. K. !>.. Mtr.ofllriek, Hniiliii|it(.n,b. N. Y..H. isa-^.p. n.atld. Watertowu. WilHun. Sain'l. Farmer, b. N. V., x. INll. p. o. add. East Wa(ei town. Mild.r, Abel, Faimer (deoiu-ed IHil), Slielden Corner, b. 3Ia>K., n. 185S. Wilder. (Jco. J., Fanner and Dairyman, Shelden Corner, b. Miuui., 8. 185.'>, p. o. add. Wiiterlowti. Yale, Hal ris, Faimer (retired), Ci.ffeen, b. Yt,, 8. 1849, p. o. add. Watertown. ADAMS. Allen, "W. J., of firm of Hatch, E(I. of Joimw/, Adams, b. Jeff. Co., N.T.,8. 1847, p. o. add. .\dam8. Anns, W. D., Dry Goods Merchant, Adams, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., b. 1829, p. o. add. Adaiii8. Bond, J. W., Casliier of Hnnperrnrd's National Dank, Adaran, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 18_'2, 11. o. add. Adams. Brown, .\. J., .Vltornry-at-Law and ex-Snpreme Jndge, Adams, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18^8, p. o. add. Adams. Bullock, L. J., Millinery, Adams, b. Ji-ff. Co., N. Y., b. 1825, p. o. add. Adams. BaI.eock. D. iM., Fanner, Ad.ims, I.. Ji-ft. Co., N. Y., s. 1847, p. o. add. A.lama. Babcwk, 51. S., Farmer, Adams, b. Jt-ff. Cii., N. Y., s. 1849, p. o. add. Adams. Brainard, Howard, Farmer, .\dams, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., b. 1s4J, p. o. add Adams. BeniJH, N. O., Physician (retired;, Adams, b. (.henan}$o Co., N. Y., b. 1855, \y. o. add. .VdaiiiS. Babcock, Will., Fanner (retired), Adams, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., b. 182G, p. n. add. Adams. Babcock, Mrs. W., Farmer (retired), Adams, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. IKII, p.o. add. Adams. Bosworlli, Ami8, Fmr. (dec'd), Adanm. b. Mass., s. 1804. Boswonh. Meitnii, Fmr., Adams, b. Ji-ff. Co., N. Y., B.1815,p.o.add.Smith\ille. CoopfT, Mrs. J. ('.. Aduin^:, p. o. add. Adams. Case, II. C, Adams, p. n. add. Ailanis. Clark, ("lias, v.. Colilinercial Tiaveler, Adams, p. o add. .\danis. Clcvelaml. J. M., Seedhinaii, Ailams, b. Madison Co., N. Y., «. 18:J4, p. o. add. Arlams. Cooper, Gen., Farmer, Adam-, b. Jeff. Co.. N. Y.. 8. 1811. p. o. add. Adams. Converse. Cyrus, Farmer (retired), Adams, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., 8.1841, p.o. add. Adams. Crosby, E. C, (irocer. Adams, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1838, p. o. add. Adams. Colton, Channccy, Fjinner, Adams, b. JeffeiBoii Co., N. Y., s. 18 — , p. o. add. AdaniB Centre. Colton, Ill-man, Fanner, Adams, b. Otsego Co., N. Y., 8. 180G, p. o. add. Adams Centre. Dwijjht, D. A , Dealer in Books. Stationery, and Wall Paper, Adams, b. Jrffer- B-.n Co.. N. Y., 8. 18J.-J, p. o. arid. Adams. Dodpe. G. .S., Gn.ter. Adams, b. Jrlb-rson Co., N. Y.. s. 1825, p o. add. Adams. Dixon, Wm., Gnmmiilh. .\di.ms, b. KnKland, s. \K'-2, p. o. add. Adnm-. I-jI.ly, J., Deah-r in Ho..ks, Stationrrv, and Wall Paj-er, Adain^, I.. JelTernon Co N. Y., s. 1818. P.O. add. Adams. Fnisii-r, Grn., Farmer and Aliller, Adams, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. isls, p. o. add. .\daniH. Fox, l.ydia, Fanner, Adams, b. Sanitoga Co., N. Y., f, lS(H,p. o. add. Adams. Fox, Duniid, Farmer (di-e'di, Adams, b. Conn., i*. Isnl. Fox, ihiniil, Exp^(•^s and K. K. A^t., Adamn, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1838, p. o. u. Garlock, Jason, Farmer, Adams, b. Ji-ffcrann Co., N. Y., s. 18l8,p. o.adii. Adams Centre. Green. Leonard, Fanner, .\dnms. b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. add. .\dam8 Centre. Green, A. J.. Ailitnix, p. o. adrl. Adams Centre. Green, Mm. Tin s. K., \diim«. p. ... add. A. lams Centre. Hnnt.ngton. U. II., Tell.r Hnrijierlords Nat. Bank, Adams, b. Jefferson Co . N. Y.. s. I.H.14. J., o. add. Adams. Hatch, 9. W., Plop, and K.I. of Jntirwii, Adams, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1847, p. o. Hdd. .Vilnius. Ilungerford, J. M.. Dry Goods Meiehant, Ailam*, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 18-14, p. o, aild. Adams. Hnngerfoid. S. D., Pre.i. HnnK'Tford's Nat. lUnk. and Pres. Hiingerrord*8 (^\- leciate DiHtitnte. Adam.-, b Jrff. ('<.., N. Y., s. I«I8, p. ... add. Adiins. Ilarri-. Klij., Fatm.r, A.lnins; I.. J. ff. Co., N. V., m. 18.".I,p.... a-l.l. Adanin Centre. Harringt.in. Kri, Fanner, Adams, b. Jefferaon Co., N. Y., s. Ihl.J, p. o. add. Adams rciilre. Hill, U. I., Farmer, Adams, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1821, p. o. add. Adiims Centre Ibiwe-, U. F.. Fanner, Adam-, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.. s. 18:5. p. o. add. Ailams Centre. Hart, tieo.. FarniiT. Adamw. b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., h. 18i'i. p. o. add. Adams Centre. Kollogg, .'. H., Faimer, Adams, b. Jetlerson Co., N. Y,,». JM1,p.u.iidd. Adamv. Kenyan, W, W., Farmer (retired), Adams, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., a. 18.12, p. o. aild. Aflams. Littlefi.ld, E. T.. Manufacturer. Adams, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. 1837, p. o. add. Adams. Liiwienc4', Li-ander. Farmer, .\<, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. IMli, p.o. add. Adams. Loveland, I.inw, Fanmr. .Xdams. b. Ji ff. Co.. N. Y., s. 181.1, p. o, add. .\dams. Langwoiihy, K. C., Deab-r in Fnniiinre, and Uiideitakcr, Adams, b. K. I., 8. I84:t. p. o. a.'d. Adams Cei.lre. Maxon, T. V., Whob-salu Seed Dealer, Adams, b. Renss. Co., N. Y., s. 1848, p. o. a.M. A.l;ims. McComl.er, W. H., Faimer, Adams. b..Ieff. Co.. N. Y.. s. 184:1, p. o.add. Smilhfield. Muzzy, F. M.. Farmer ami Chet-se Mfr, .\danis, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18:J0, p. o. ad. I. Siiiilbf!eld. Mills J no., Fann.-r, Adams, b. Jefferson Co.. N. Y.,8. 18.10. p.o. add. Smithfiebl. Mill-. Cbaumy, FaiiiK-r (dec'd), Aiiams, b. Conn., s. 18U2, p. o. add. Smilhfield. Manville, M. D.. A. adil. Adaiii''. penny..!. W.. Insnnmei- A^'t, Adams, b. J.-fferstHi C"., N. Y., s. 1821, p.o. Adams. Potter. ( ba.t., Farmer and Meihanie, Adams, b. Wa?h. Co., N. Y., 8. I»a7, p. o. ad1, p. o.add. Redwood. Bush, Nitbolas, Farmer, Alexandria, b. Frntue. 8. 1^40, p. o. add. Baliceli. Hiiodes, Farmer, Al.-xandria, b. Chenango Co., N. V..s. 1821. p. o. ad.l. Itedwund. Bogert, Henry, Fanner (decMK AleNamlria, b. '"aiia.la, s. I8:tn, p. o. ad.l. Red- wood. B.'tz, Adam, FarmiT, Alexandria, b. Gciniany. s, 1847, ji. o. add. Redwood. Bull, l,..ltie A., Teacher, Abxandria, b. Jelb'rson Co., N. Y., s. \H5'J. p. o. add. Redw.Hiil. Ball, Cornelia K., T.-acher, Alexandria, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1855, p. o. wld. R.'dw..o.l. Callin, C. A., Phvn'n and Surgeon, Alexandria, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y,, b. 1859, p. o. a.ld. l{e.lwooil. (Mink, Robt., Phv« n and Surg., C. M. A M. D., Alexandria, b. Scotland, b. 185(i, p. o. a.ld. R.-dwoo.l. Cole, Mi-s. A. .1,, liusbaml Farmer (dei'd), Alexandria, b. Montgoniery Co., X. Y., s. I8.V.». p.t. ii.l.i. R.>.lwood. Cline. John H., Fann'g an. I Miller, Alexandria, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1829, p. o. add, PlesMis. Cornwell. Ezra, Fanning. Alexan.lria, b. Jefferson Cak, N. Y., b. 1813, p. o. add. Alexauilria Bay. Cornw.'ll, Susiin D., teacher, Alexandria, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. 1828, p. o. add. Alexandria Ray. Davis. Jessie. Fanner, Alexandria, b. Ot^^ego Co., N'. Y., 8. 181 G, p. o. add. Alex- andria Buy. Dingman, Jared. Farmer and CarpV, Alexandria, b. Oneida Co., X. Y., s. 184.1, p. ...add. Alexandria Bay. Fox, Walter, Farmi-ian.l M.-rih., Alexandria, b. Herkimer Co., Jf. Y., s. 184.1, p. o. add. Alexaiulriii Bay. Flansbnrgb. S.t)., Miller and Farmer, Alexandria, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y.,8. 1836, p. o. add, Ri-.Iw.hhI. Flat, tieorgf. Farmer, Al.'xandrbi, b. Germany, s. 1852, p. o. add. Redwood. Gau.lett, F. A., Dentist. Ab-xandria. h. Cumida, s. 18G:), ii. i>. a.ld. Redwood. Gaskill, J W., Blacksmith, Alexandria, b. Essex Co., N. Y., 8. 1856, p. o. add. RedWoo.l. Gri'en, A. .1.. Farmer, Alexandria, b. Lewis Co., X. Y., 8. 1817, p. o. add. Omar. Gurnee, Kiilph, Fai nier ami Merrh,. .Iu»t. of the Peace ;12 years, Alexandria, b. J. -ffeimm Co., N. V., s. ISlC. p. o. add. (miar. Holmes. A. A.. Meiihanl. Sup.i viHor, S< cretary and Treft^nrer of Morristown an.l Black llivrr R H . Abxiuidna, b. Sehenectady Co., N. Y., e. 1856, p. o. u. o. artil. Rodwo-d. Jh>yt, lloiiu-e r , l/'ti'h-riiikiT liml rropi u-tur Liiiii her Mill, b.JefrLTBoii Cu^ N. Y., H. IHMt, p. n. mill, i'li-srtix. Iliful. Mi'rrit*. Kitriiier, li. JctTrninii Co., N. V., 9. 184.1, p. o, a'M. P1>-8sJh. lliirtiicinn, John, KiiruK-r uritl Chuese Mutiitracttirrr, li. tM-riimiiy, a. 1851, p. o. tnlil. .\l<-xiiiiiirin lljiy. Ilurtinann, .\tliiiri. KiiriinT, b. Geimnny, s. 18.'i3. p. o. aibl. RcdwotMl. IlniiKliiun, Jif.y FiirnuT, li. Oniii(;f) (\t., Vt., H. IHU, p. o. mlil. Alexnnrtria Rjiy. lIuU-liiiiHuti, Shflfhiii, Kui'iiicr and Luiiiburin;^, b. JffTorBun Cu., N. Y., s. IMtf, p. O. Ildll, I*lCHj)i-<. Iliinm-j-nmii, (Jenrpi* K., Kiirinor, b. England, s. 18'M. p. o, ndd. Plpuslfl, Jlitnly, riiarlfd, K»rnipr, b. JcfTi-rsdn ru., N. Y., s, \tiSu. p. «», iidtl. I*b>t;.. N. Y.. ». ISI I, p. o. aild. diiiir. lliirdcr, Aiidiiii, Aitoriu>,v and CounBulorai-hiiw, b. IK-rkiniLT Co., N. V.,b. 1802, p. >>. add. Kfdwuod. llaaM, Jainb, F»irnMT, b. licrniany, ». \S:Vi, p. o. add. Kodwood. Jfwotr. M. r.. FiiiniiT and Munibt-r uf Atukruiblv, b. Vurniunt, s. I84C, p. o. add. U.mIvv 1. KfpliT. Ijcvvis, Farnu-r, b. .IffTi-ram CV)., N. Y., «. 1W4, p.o. add. Alexandria Bay. Kiitibull. N.. F.iiiner, b. .Icmrsoii Oi., N. Y.,8. IKVJ, p. o. add. Uvdw.fd. IjL'wis, yivK. Kati', biidband M.O. (dcceatiiHl;, b. Jettentun i\>., N. Y., s. 18^, p. o. m\ii. |•b■^SI1. Mandi.ill, T. B., Farmer, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., «. lfi;*7, p. o. add. UtMlwood. Alarklie, Mn». Kli/abt-lb, Farmer, b. Cerniaiiy. b. lS-17. p. o. aild. Kedwuod. Makei«.'iice, 8idum'>n, Meicliant. b. .Ii'tlemon (.'i>., N, Y., ». l!Si7, p. o.a*ld. Plessifl. Miiore. Julin, Farnii'i', b. Indand, s. 184i), p. o. add. K /dwood. Milbr, Siimuel B., Fiirm- r, b. St. Lawr. Co., N. Y., s. 1M7, p. i>. add. Alex. Bay. Nurtun, SibiH cker.J. P., Farmer, b. Ontdda (:•«., N. Y., s. iHfiT.p. «..»dd. AU'X;indria lljty. Parker. Jame^, FarniiM' and Lumbering', b, VtTniotit, «. IS^t'i, p.o. atld. RihUvo(«1. Reade, J. \V., ^leichant ami Serretary Redwood Union .Vgricultural Association, b. Jefferson IJo., X. Y.. w. XH^U, p. o. add. R._'d\vck^veIl, l^eorge. Pjtstor Ref-Tmetl Prot'-rttant Clinrch, b. West Cliesloi Co., N. Y., ». IS.-.4, p. o. add. Alexandria Bay. Rapikde, Dainel, Farmer, .Mexandria, b. N*. Y.,«. lS;t2, p.o. add. .Mexandria Bav. Ru»:ie)l, Allen, Fiunier, Ale\andri;i, b. Jeff. Co.,[i. 1H4m, p. o. add. .Vl-xundria Bay. Rapp, Henry, Fanni-r, .\le\andria, b. (_iernniiiy, a. 1S0r>;e. Farmer, Alexandria, b. Indand, «. 18.56. p. o. aon .v.. Lawyer ami School Commissioner, Alexandria, b. Jeff. Co., s. ls.1.5. p. o. add. Redwood. White, H. S., Pi-oprietor Flouring-Mill, Merchant and Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., 8. IXil, ji. o. adil. RedwocMl. Whitney, Juliet (husUmd deceased;, Alexandria, b. Canada, 8. 1874, p. o. add. Redwood. Walton, J. F., Merchant an«l Re«I Estate Dealer, Alexandria, b. Jeff. Co., 8. 1830, p. o. add. .Mexandria Bay. Wesieuit. Chiunrey. Fanner (n-tired), Alexandria, b. Uneida Co., s. 18(»5, p, o. add. .\le\andria Itay. Woodworlb. Wm. .1.. Merchant, .Mexandria, h. Slonlgoniery Co., 8. 18.38, p. o. add. .Mexandria lJ;*y. Weaver. .Anthony, Farmer, .Vh-xandria, b. Fninc, 8. 18:12, p. o. add. Redwood. Zinirrier, (Jrorge, Farmer and Cheese filuntitVicturer, .\lexandria, b, (Germany, 9. \st:\',, p. o. iidd. Pli-ssi.s. Zimn)<-r. Henry. F.niuer anil Cheese Mannfacturer, Alexandria, b. Germany, b. 1807, p. o. add. Plu.:^sis. . ANTWERP. Augsbnry, Morgjui, Miller, b. Jeffei-i«on Co., X. Y., s. 1827, p. o. add. Antwerp. AUdI, IiJi H., Physii ian and Surgeon, b. Fnink,Vl.,8. 1H.t|, p. o.add. Atttwi-ip. Anthony, Harvey, Farmer and I>aii vman, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18^), p o. add. Ox B>w. Anthony. Charles, F.irnier and Dairyman, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., b. 1817. p. o.add. Ox Bow. Bailey. 1.. II., General Mercliandi.se, Antwerp, b. I,ewi.>i Co., N. Y., B. IRtT, p. o. add. Antwerp. Baon, Ii. A., F.trmer and Dairyman, Antwen*, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 182.% jt. o. Ildll. .Antwerp. Bacon. Wm. K., Farmer and Dairyman, .Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1829, p. o. add. .\utwerp Brickley, John, Farmi-r and 1> liryman, Antwerp, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 8. 18:44. p. o. add. .\nlwi-rp. Bniinant, M. V., Attorney and Fanner, .\ntwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. 1830, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Br.iinard, Ktios, Farmer (.deceased), b. Connectit nt, i>. 1819, p. o. add. Ox Bow. liiirt, DtMU. Blacksmith (deceased', b. Verinonr. >■. IS!:t, p. o. add, Ox B<»w. Burt, B. T , Slock Dealer, Antwerp, b. V.rm<.nt. <. is:tl, p. o. add. 0\ Bow. Bentley, Wm. T.. Fanner and Dt.iry, Antwerp, b. JetIerM)n Co., N. V., s. 1843, p. o. iidd. Aniw.-ip. Beanmn, David, Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Massacbusettif, S. 1818, p. o. adil. Antwerp. Bnw|e«, Jno., Fanner and Dair>',.\ntwcri».b. England, s, 1831, p. o.add.TbereM. Baxter, John, Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., s. 1848, p. o. add. Sk>mervith-. Beam, J. M , Fanner, L fe In-nrance Agent, and Justice of Peace, Antwerp, b. Jeffenj in Co., N. Y., s. I>t(0, p. o. mid. Aniw erp. Burtch, H. D . Farmer anairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. 1818, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Chase, Jas., Farmer, Antwerp, b. Onenla (*o , N. Y., b. 1820, p. o. add. Antwerp. Crotts, Knoch. FariniT, Antwei p, b. New HampNiiire, n. \Xi-», p, o, adrl. Aniwi-rp. Cross, E. W,, Farmer, .\ntwerp, b. .leffer-on C-i., N. Y.,h. IHXi, p. o. wld. Antwerp. Cross, S. F., Farmer, .\iilwiTp, b, Jefferson C*»., N. Y., s. IKL't, p. u. aiM. Antwerp. t-'ro-B, N. J., Fiinner, .Antwerp, b. Jeffcraon Co., N. Y., e. I8;i8, p. o.add. Antwerp. Carpenter, Cba."'. C,, .\u twerp. Carpenter, E. A., Fanu'T and Dairyman, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. 1828, p. o. add. Antwerp. Carpenter. T. S., Farmer and Dairyman, Antwerp, b. Montgomer}* Co., N. Y., 8. 1820. p. o. add. Antwerp. Drake, Clia*., Fai nior and Dairyman, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1821, p. o, add. Antwerp. Dickson, John (2d), Farmer and Dairy nuiu, Antwerp, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., H. 1830. p. o. add. Antwerp. Dieksion, Janice. Farmer and Dairyman, b. Sddland, s. 18.30, p. o. add. Antwerp. Dickstm, J'din, Jr., Farmer and Dairym in, .\iitwei p, b. Jeffertton C^i., N. Y., ». 1840, p. o. add. Antwerp. Di'rlty, E. (i., Pby-icijui and Surgeon, b. Vermont, s. 1848, p. o. add. Antwerp. Ellis, iohn D., linker, Antwerp, b, Vermont, s. i^M. p o. add. Anrwerp. Ellis, H. W., Genenil Merrhandse, b. Vermont, s. 1831, p. o. add. Antwerp. Ellis, J. P. (Relireil', Antweqi, b. Biislcd. Mas« , p. o add. Antwerp. Eggleston, Perry, Btacksnt th ideeeasedj, Antwerp, b, Waahington Co., \. Y., 8. 182.1, p. o, add. Antwerp. Eggteston, Gilbert, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. V., 8. 1828, p. o. add Antwerp. Egyleston, David, Faimer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Washingion Co., N. Y., s. 1S19. p. o. add. Aniweip. Eggleston, Asa, Meehanic (dece)»8ed),b. Rhode Istanil.s. I8l8,p. n.ndd. Antwer|i, Egjjieston, II. L.. Carpenterand Joiner, Antwi-rp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y^.,8. 1818, p. o. add. Antwerp, Flaherty, R. M., Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1833, p. o. add. Antwerp. Fuller, Gilbert M.. Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co. N. Y., s. 1807, p. o. add. Antwerp. Fuller, A. L , Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s; 1832, p. o. add. Antwerp. Forton. L., Farmer ami Dairy. Antwerp, b. JefferBon Co., N. Y., s. 1846, p. o. add. Aniweip. Graves, Dempster, Fnrmer and Dairy, Antwcip, b. Lewia Co., N. Y., 8. 18.38, J), o. add. Antwerp. Gill, James. Fanner and Dairy, Antweri>, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1817, p. o. aild. Antwerp. Gates, Wm. R.. Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1801, p. o. add. Antwerp. Gates, D. C, Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. St. I^wrence Co., N. Y., s. 1845, p. o. add. Antwi-rp. Gtllett, Lucas. Slioemaker (Retired), Antwerp, b. Maysacliuselts, 8. 1819, p. o. add. Ox B.w. G Iletl, M. M.. Shoemaker, Antwerp, b. Ililifnx, Vt.. s. 1819, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Graves. Joseph F., Fanner ami Dairy, .Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., «. 1824, p, o. add. Antwerp. Graves, Geo. D., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. 1852, p.o. add. .Vntwerp. Gordon, J.is. R., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., s. 1843, p. o. adil- Ox Bow. Graves, G. 0. (Retired), b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1822, p. o. add. Antwerp. Gill, Julius, Fai nier and Dairy, Antw.-rp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. l8.j;J, p. o. add. Antwerp. Gn-en, C. S., Propr. Green's Hot»l, Antwerp, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., b. 18.35, p. o. add Ox Bow. Hall, C. W. A (Vi , Maufi-M. and Dealers in Furniture, Antwerp, b. St. Lawrence Ci».. N. Y., 8. 1871. p. o add. Ox Bow. Hopper, A. B., Farmer and Dairyman, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1821, p, o. add. Ox Bow. Hopper, Eugene L., Farmer and Daii-j'man, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. T., 8. 1S.J4, p.o. adil. Ox Bow. Howe, Daniel, Fanner (deceased), Antwerp, b. New Hampshire, s. 1817, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Howe, E., Cotuniertial Agent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Hunt, Charles, Blaeksmiih (deceasidi, .Antwerp, b. ilerk. Co., N. Y*., s. 1821, p. o. add. t»x Bow. Hunt, J. D., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., s. 1821, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Hall. C. G., Fanm-rand Dairy, Antwerp, b. Kent, R. I., s. 1821, p. o, add. Ox Bow. Hunt, John A., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., s. 1827, p. o. add. Tbcrega. Houghbiii, Elijah, Sr., Farmer and Dairy, Antw*erp, b. Massachusotis, 8. 1810, p. o. iidd. Antwerp. Hunt, James, Farmer and Dairy, b. Ilerk. Co., N. Y.. 8. 1818, p o.add. Antwerp. Hunt, Charles, Fanner and Dairy, .Antwtjip, b. Jeffeison Co., N. Y'., s. 18;i2, p. o. add. Antwerp. Hale, Otif*, Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b, Jefferson Co., X. Y'., 8. 1823, p. o.add. Philadelphia. Hall, Wm. A., Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., b. 1S23, p. o. add. Ox ltt>w. Hubliard, 0. W., Farnier and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., a. 1837, p. o. add. .Antwirp. Ilowanl. Nathaniel, Farmer and Dairy, Antwei-p, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p. o, add. Antwerp. Jeffers n Iron Co., ^laniifis. Pip Iron, Antwerp, p. o. a. It., Kamu-r and D.iiry, b. Ilork. Co., N. Y., 8. 18:J5, p. o. adil. Ox How. KceiH'. Hinirn B.. Fariupr und Dairy, Antwui-p, b. Onundugu Co., N. Y., s. I82:i, p. o. ii'ld. Shiiiglw Cn-ek. K('llo;;p, liowis, Farmer and Dairy, .\ntwerji, JcfferBon Co., N. Y., s. 1837, p. o. )nid. Antwerp. Kelscy, Mi'rriit, Fanu'T, b. New York, s. 18U. p. o. add. Ox Bow. Litidbixv. A. T., Fainier, Antwerp, b. St. Lawroncu Co., N. Y., s. 18G4, p. o. aaii, p, o. add. Antwerj). lif'wJH, ;\. K., F'armfM', Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.. 8. 18'2I, p. o. add. Ox Bow. McAIIi>ter, (J. !>., Far r, l«. Jerbi-son Co., N. Y., a. \HM, p. o. add. Antwerp. MaHon, Cyrus. Firnie , b. .IrtlcrHun C. p. o. add Antwerp, Munr-i, A H,, :\I miitV. biimber, b. M:itibbi, Ont , s. lS.i5, p. o. add. Antwerp. Moore, H. W., Hanlwaro and .\grii:nltiinil Implement-', Antwerp, b. Lewis Co., X. Y., s, lSn4, p. o. add. Antwerp, Ma'*. \\i-*2, p. o. arid, Antwerp. Maek, <.'hal»ri-, F^irrner, Antwerp, b. Coiiheelicut. s. IWJ, p. o. add. .Viitwerp. Miller, Levi, Fanner and l)aity, b. Ma.-^sacbnselts, s. lH;iU„p. o. mid. Antwei-n, Nutting. Abijab, Fanner and Dairy, Antwerp, b. liaivard, Mass., s. 1819, p. o. aon t.'o., N. Y., a. IHiU, p. o. add. Antweip. Itogers, L. S. (Retireiii, b. Wash iiglon Co., N. Y, s. 1828, p. o. add. Antwerp, Kedadale, Samuel, Farmer, Antweip, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 8. 1847, p. o. add. Antwerp. R'tfin.it, J. v., Farmer, Antwerp, b. France, s. 1S(;2, p. o. adil. .\ntwei-i). K-iider, Itoliert, Farmer, Antwerp, b. Kngliuid, 8. 18. iO, p. o. add. Antwerp, ll'-inier, Charles, Farmer, b. Jeffersmi Co., N. Y., .*i. 1H4'), p. o. adil. Antwerp. Robiii-ij^n, Richard, Farmer (deceased), b. Knglanii, s. 1822, p. o. add. Antwer-p. Riibinson. J.ispt-r. Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18:if>. p. o. add. Antwerp, Spiague, Wni., Farmer ami Dairy, b. Masatclmsetts, a. 1829, p. o. ax Bow. Tnrnbull, M., Farmer and Dairy, b. Scotland, a. 1820, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Tayliir, A. II., Farni-r and Dairy, b. Coniiectimt, s. INlii, p. o. adil. Antwerp. Veeder, M. A.. IMin, IvesSemn iry, Antwerp, b. Ohio, s. 187'», p.o. add. Antwerp. VanMlyke, J. \V., Editor O'anM-, Antwerp, b. Jeffoiaon Co., N. Y., s. IBM, p. o. adtl. Antwerp. "Wight, R. K , Bi)ots and Shoes, Antwerp, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., a. 1873, p.o. adtl. Antwerp. Woodward. J. S., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1839, p. o add ,\ntwerp. Woodward A. J.. F u nor and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1831, p. ti. add. Antweip. Webster, H. !)., Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jeffer^fon Co., N. Y., s. 1830, p. o. add, Aiitwi-rp. Webater, It. (V, Farmer and Daiiy, Antwerp, b. Jeffewon Co., N.Y. ,8-1842, p. o. add. TlMTei*a. Weston, (lark. Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jeffereon Co., N, Y., a. 1831, p. o. add. Ox Bow. Wait, A, C... Hardware and Agr. lnii>., Antwerji, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1833, p. o. adil. Antwerp. Wilber, J.din H , Fanner, b. Oneida Co., N. Y.,8. 1804, p. o. add. Antwerp. Wilbird, Chirk, Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. Jefferaon Co., N. Y., e. 18(il), p. o. add. Antwerp. Ward. Cbarles, Farmer and Daiiy, Antwerp, b. Jefferson Co.,N. Y., a. 1828, p. ©. add, Antwerp. Wiljion. N. B , Farmer ami Dairy, .\nlwerp, b. Jefleraon Co,, N. Y., s. 1834, p o aiiil. I'h bulelpbiu. Wilson, A. W' , Farmer and Dairy, Antwerp, b. lienssebior Co., N. Y., 8. 1800, p. o. n, p. o. add. Br-.wnMlIe. Allen, Caleb Mece;ised), b. R. I., 8. 1837. Allen, L., Farmer, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., s. 1837. p. o. add, LiniTiik. Adanirt. K. R., Fanner and Fisherman, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1841, p. o. add I'dlar Point. Adann, S. O.. Furnier, b. Jeffei-so-i Co., N. Y., a. 18.30, p. o add. Pillar P.dnt. Ackerni m, .1. B., Faimer and Cheese .Mfr., b. Jeff rson Co., N. Y., a. 183G, p. o. add. Dexter Allen, .v. E,, Inventor and Dealer of Clipper Well-Drill Machines, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 18.18. p. o. add. Perch River. Allen, Cyrna, Farmer, b. R. I , m. 1S12, p. o, add. Pendi R'ver. Anuiiis, Paul, Farmer (ret. red j, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., h. 1822, p. o. add. Dexter. Binninger, H., Pmp. )if .Sa-*h. D an, and Blind Factory and Plaiiing-niill, b. Gcniiaiiy, -. is.Vt, p. o. add. Dexter. Benedet, Dr. \. J., Phys.ctan and Surgeon, b. Krie Co, N. Y., 3. 187,'», p. o. add. Dexter. Biiutb, C. O. F., Prop, of Booth Hotel, and Farmer, b. Herkimer (Jo., N. Y., a. 1813, 11. o. add. Limerick. Ball, L,, Justice of the Peace, b. Saratoga Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o add. Dexter. Clark. Mrs. .\. A. (retired), b., Mass., s. 1804. p. o.a.ld. Br..wnvilie. C.de. Harris. m. Farmer, b. Jefferso'i Co., N. Y., s. 1810, p. <>. i»dd. Brownville. Coolnrin, (J., Calt. Brjwnville. Clement, Ira, Farmer, b. Cayuga Co., N. Y.. s. 1837, p. i>. add Pillar Point. <:iement, W. B., Farmer, b. J. ff-rsun Co., N. Y., s. 18:>3, p. o. add. Pdlar Point. Clark. Jno. (deceased), b. UM'-r Cn., N. Y., s. ISllS. Douglas-*, Dr. <'., Physician and Surgeon, b. Jeff -rson Co., N. Y., s. 1842, p. o. add. Dexter. Day, It., Fanner, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., a. I8r. 5, p. o. add. Perch River. Die;eiidorf, J. K. Douglass, .). ('., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1821, p. 0. add. Pillar Point. Donirlass, .lames (deceiided), b, Montgomery Co., N. Y., s, 1818. Eineison, Clias. C, lien. Merchandise, b. Jefferson Co., N, Y., s. 1814, p. 0. add. Dexter. Emerson, Jno,, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1812, p. o. add. Perch River. Kmerson, Jonathan (deceased), b, Cium., s. !M(io, Knier-on, Nelsmi, Farmer, b. .leffers in C^j , N. Y., a. 1824, p. o. add. Linn-riek. Emerson, Averv, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1820, ]> o. ad-l. IJmerick. Fish, (.;. W., Pniduce Deal, and R. R. Agt., b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1831, p. o. add. Limei'ick. Fitzgerald, Jno , Fanner and Assessor, b. Ireland, b. 18,ofl, p. o. add. Dexter. (Jibl)S, \. A., Pres. of ^'illag<•, and Oen Siore, and Postmaster, b, St. Lawrence Co., N. v.. 8. 182 1, p, o. add. Bniwnville. Greeiileat, (J. D , BlaeU-milb, b, Jefl. Co., N. Y., s. 1840, p. o add. Brownville. (i.nild. D. W„ Farmer, b. Jefterson Co., N. Y., B. 18."i0, p. o. add. Pillar P-.jnt. (i. Ill Id, Juliii, Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1822, p. o. add. Pillar Point. Herkimer, IVli-s. '/.. B., Farmer (retired j, b. Jefferson (ju., N. Y.. s. 1833, p. o. add. Brownville, Herkimer, H, (dec'di, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18:13. Hoyt, S., Farmer und Saib.r, b. Jeff, dt , N. Y.. a. 1821, p. o. add. Brownville. Hes.selwood, M , Farmer ( retired 1, b. Eiig.. s. 1831. p. o. add. Dexter. Johnstmi, Mi-s. S., Pro]., .b.bnston Ibdel, l<. Ireland, 3. ls5it, p.o. add. Brownville. J.iQiea, E., Fanner, b. R. 1.. s. 182ii. p. ... add. Limeriek. James, E. C, Farmer, b. Jefferson d.., N. Y., p. a. add. Cbaumotit. Keenaii, Fratiklin, b. Jeff.is..u Co., N. Y., 8. 1«30, p. o. add. Brownville. Kilbi.rn, .\., Farnjer (retired), b. M;us9.,8. 180."i, p. o. add. Brownville, Knapp. J. ('., Farmer, b. Lewis Cm., N. Y., s. 1811, p. o. add. BrownviUo. Knapp. S imnel (de('ea.>ietl), li. Couti., k. 1811. Kimpp. A. (di'ceaaed), b. Conn., s, isll. Lonsd.ile, Will.. Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., s. lS3'i, p. o. add. Pillar Point. Leoinird, K., Planing- and Saw-Mill, ,>IiiIV. Doois und Siish, and Conli-actor, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1832, p. o. add. Dexter. Lntniiis, Warren, Farm-'r, b. Jeffer--on Co., X. Y,, s. 1840, j), o. add. Dexter. Lee. J..hn K., Fanner, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., s. 1S30, p. o. add. Peaeh Kiver. Lowe, Mi-^. Belsey Ann, Fanner, b. Ji-tTei-son Co., N. Y., a. 1825, ji. o. add. Dexter. Sloffett, J. S., Cuatnm-honse Officer and Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1830, p. o. add. Limerick. Moffett, Bruce, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., e. 1833, p. o. add. Limerick. fllcCormick, William, Farmer, I). iSIontg. Co., N. Y., s. is 14. p. o. add. Limerick. Magill, F., Farmer, b. Ireland, s. is:i4, p. o. add. Pillar Point. Mullen, E., Farmer and Fi-herman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a. I84o, p. o. add. Dexter. Otis, Amos, Jr., p. o. add. Brownvdle. Perry, L. S., Firtner and Cheese Mfr., b. Jeffor^n Co., N. Y.,8. 1830, p. add. Limerick. Peek, ihange, Farmer, b. Auburn, N. Y., 8. 1815, p. o. add. Limerick. Plumb, C. P. Pli'lps. D.. Fa' nier. b. Connecticut, a, 1812, p. o. add. Limerick. Priiir, N. L., Farmer, b. ,I.ner?on Co., a, 184o, p. o. add. Limerick. Potter, Ansi.n, p. o. aibl. Brownville. Kockwood, Levi, (Jarriage and Wagon Manufacturer and Blacksmith, b. Jeffer- son Co.. N. Y.. s. 1HI3, p. o. aild. Limerick. Reeves, H.. Farmer and .\sse.-isor, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., s. is.i7, p. 0. add. Limerick. Reeves, ,Ino., Farmer, b. Jlontgomery C. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. 1820, p. o. add. Perch River. See, A., deceased, b. .Sdicdmrio Co., N, Y., a. 1825. See, J. D.. Farmer and Agl. Ina. Agent, b. Herkimer Co , N. Y,, a. 1825, p. o. add. Di'xter. Taylor, A.. Farmer, b. Kng., a. 18.5(1, p. o. add. Pillar Point. Taylor. Marcus, Farmer, b. Jeffenion Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p, o. add. Brownville. Timerman. M., Farmer, b. Herkimer Co,, N. Y., a. 18 19, p. o. add. Limerick. Thompson, I. E.. Pn.p. Empire Mills, b. Herkimer Co., N, Y., a. 1870, i>. u. add. Walertown. Timerman. Then.n. Farmer and Justice of the Peace, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. IHl'.t, p. o. add. Dexter. Underwood, Wm. IL. (bneral Store and Postmoater, b. Jeffereon Co., N. Y"., a. 1843, p. o. add. Limeriek. Weaver, P., Farmer, b. Warren Co., N. Y.. a. 1833, p. o. add. Limerick. Wihier, John W., Carnage Mfr., b. Oswego Co., N. Y., 8. 1871, p. o. a.ld, Brown- ville. Walrath, A. W., Farmer (retired), b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., a. 18(0, p. o. add. Brownville. Webb, E. P.. Farmer and Real Estate Dealer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1834, p. o. add. Brownvilt '. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 583 W.ncl, O. 51., GiMii'nil Store, I). Jiffcrsun Co., X. Y., 8. 1S34, p. o. nJd. Drxtor. WliitTi.y, Diiiiicl, )'n.|i. UisUr Mill-, b. Jilhrsoii Vu., N. Y., 8. 18i4, p. o. add. llcXtl'l. >Vo()d, J. T., l)rnfrs mid Mi-(lu-ili(>8, Uuuts and Slioi-s, b. Ji-ftt-rson Co., N. Y , a. IKlKl. jp. o. udil, Di'XIiT. Wi-lc-li, l>. T., Kunii.i-, li. SI. l.uwrTlici' Co., N. Y., ». lS|->, p. o. arid. Dexter. White, K. T., Kiiniiei-, li. .lenerauii Co., N. V., r. ls:lli, p. „. add. Dexter. « ilt, E., Kanuer, 1.. .LMctsoii Co., N, Y., s. Ik:!.!, p. o. add. l.iraeiiek. ^\ liite, .Mra. II. .s. irelir.'di, I., .letlersoii Co., N. V., s. IXlo, p. o. add. Dexter. WillianiH, Martin, Kariiier, li. Ileiki r C'o., N. Y., ». ISI'J. p. o. add. I'illar I't. WdliiiMis, Mur«aii, t'ai iiier, 1.. Ilirkinier C..., N. Y., ». ISIU, p. o. add. I'illar I't. Wilt,.!, 'dee.-aned , I., (laeida Co., N. Y., s. ISIW. While, II. S. Meeea».-.l), li. Vt., S. ISli". William", C. (deeea»e.l), Ip. Datilip-«3 I'pp., X. Y., ». 1819. Yoliiit^er, K., Dealer ia tjrucerieH, U. Kllg., 8. li*ol, p. o. add, lirowiiville. CAPE VINCENT. Aiitliiiii y, Will., (Irucor, Ciipo A'iiK-t'iit, I». Jt'fTiMBon Co., N. Y., s. ISIifi, p. o. aJd. C'»in' Viiin-iit. Ainswortli, (it-o. A,, Mt-rcliant, Oipe Vinrent, I). JefTorsim Co., N. Y., 8. 182:i, p. o. iiiiii. Ciipf \'imciit. Aiiis\v>>rili, .Inthili 'I'.. It.-t.r.d, Cape Vincent, k Vt., 8. ISiG. p. o. add. Capo Vin. Arnistrtin;:. .'M<'\., Kiiiincr, C.ipu Viticuiit, li. Cu. Fei'uitinagli, livhirid, m. 18^:i, p. ... Kil.I. St. I.HWUMUC. AiiUciiiiK', Virlor, Kunn«*r, Cape Vim-ent, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 184U, p. o. add, Ut.wru*. IJurnh.ini, Knf*tns K.. Ciniiii Doalrr and rniprit-tor i.f Klt-vator, Cape Vincent, h. \V.isliiii;;tnu Co., N. v., >-. ISfi-l, p. u. adil. i'ape Vin.;.-iit. Beadle, (I.irii'ti, i-aiiiier, (Vipe Viruciit, I'. Vt., s. is^iii, p. o. add. St. Lawrence. Beudlf. Wallmf, Fannin, Cape VinrrnI, I). JelU-iMuti Cu,, N. V., ». IH-ill, p. u. udd. St. Lawn-iK-e, ItatuH, Natlmn H., Kiurner, t'ape Vincftit, b. .>Ioiit;^oinery Cu., N. Y., 8. 18-10, p. o. add. <'ap<- Ninecnt. Ilardul, iVliiharl, l-'urnier. Capo Vincent, b. Kninre, a. 1812, p. o. ndd. Rosicre. Uuui'C,v, Ki-ank ('., Karnicsr, Cupe Vincent, b. JelT. Cu., N. V., h. 1844, p. u. udd. ("ape Vinei'iit. Illotk, Signiiind, MercbanI, Cape Vin.. b. Bavaria, a. 185fi, p. o. adtl. Cape Vin. Cuoper, Sidney, CoUedor CustMins Port Cape Vincent, Cape Vincent, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 18.15, p. o. Hd., Farmer, Cape Vincent, b. Jeltersou Co,, N. Y., 8. 1«42, p. o. ad.L Cape Vincent, Dodge, Kred. il., Fjumer and l*i\>piietor RiverHide limine, Miilen's Bay, Cape Vincent, b. JetVera-in t'o., N. Y'., s is;j:(, p. o. atUL (.'ape Vincent. Podge, Mrs. Olive, Farmer, Cape Vincent, b. Utsegu Co., N. Y., 8. 18'.i2, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Delaney, .Miclntel, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. JelTersou Co., N. Y.,8. 1842, p. o. adil. St. Linvp-nce. Kiiolstyn, Wii., Fariiur, <'apc Vincent, b. Jeffei-son Co., N. Y.,s. 1800, p.o. add. Cap." Vinei-iit. Fox, H.-nry L., I'r. ipriett)r St. Lawrence, Riilbbnn, and Railroad Houses, b.Ot*«ego Co., .\. Y., p. u. add. Cai e Vineent. Ciapotte, Jobn IJ., Merdiaiit, Cape Vin., b. France, s. 18'l.'i, p. o. mbl. Cape Vin. (Jramij.'an, Jobn 4.'., Farmer, Cape Vin., b. Fnime, s. 1828, p. ora*id. Rosiere. Cniy, Walter, Fa' nier and Clieeae-maker, Capo Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. lN:iS, p. o. adi). Cape Vincent. Gniy, I'Mwin, Kainu-r, Cape Vinrent, b. New York, a. 18;tG, p. o. aibL C:ipe Vin. Hinckle.\', ('idem. Ml, Troprieitu' Kingstijn Ferry, Cape Vincent, b. W'olfe Island, H. lMir>. p. o. aild. Ciipe Vincent. Hilts, K/ra 1»., .\itorni;y-Jii-Law and Notary Public, Cape Vincent, b. Herkimer Cu,, N. v., 8. 1M2, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Ibillenle- U, JdIiii, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Culnmbta Co., N, Y., s. ISOl), p. o. ii.ltl. St. Lawn-nce. Ilnm|tliiev, lli-nrv T., Kurnier, Capo Vintreiit, b. Kent, Kngland, 8, 1840, p. o. a.ld'. Cap.' Vinc^'tit. HnnliiiKton, Wni. L., :\Ieieb;int, (^ape Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 182:J, }i. o. add Cape Vineent. Irvin, Clir.st.iplier, Sr., Fanner, i'.ipe Vincent, b. County Fermanngb, Ireland, 8. 182.'!, p. o. a.ld. Cipy Vincent. Irvin, JarneM C, Farmer, Tap.* Vincent, b. Quebec, 8. 1827, p. o. adtl. Cape Vin. Irvin, Robert, Fanner, Capo Vincent, b. Jetfersou Co., N. Y., 8. 1829, p. o. add. St. Lawrt'liee. Jii.bl. Ptiiletus, Farmer, Cape Vincent, b JIass., 8. 18(i9, p. o. add. Cape Vin. Kinglii.rn, John, Hicvver and Maltster, tirni S. &, Kingliurn, Capo Vincent, b. Sc'Ulanil, 8. 1872, p. o. aild. Cape Vincent. Leo, Morris K., Altorney-at-Law atnl N.itai y Public, Cape Vincent, b. JefferKon Co., N. Y., 8. 1829, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Lain!. R.>bert, F.unifr, Cape Vincent, b. Jeffereon Co., N. Y'., s, 1842, p o. add. Cap-' Vincent. Marks. Plulip. Lumber Dealer, Cape Vincent, b. Hesse Darmstadt, 8. 1855, p. o, add. Capo \'incent. Mai-aun, Tboma.-', Pliy.sic^an and Surgeon, Cnpe Vincent, b. Nortbuniberland Co., ttiilario, Ca., 8. 1875, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Morrison, Ci.urb'.i I*., Farmer and Hiitcb'-r, Cape Vincent, b. Montgomery Co., N. v., s. I8;i8, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Milbn, Abi.er IL, Uarness-iiiaker, Cape V.ncent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., 8. 1822, p. o. ad. I. Cape Vincent. McWa.vne, Andrew F., Farmer, Cape Vincent, b Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. ad.L Cape Vineent. Pierce. Dyr K., Pliysi.iiin ami Surgeon, Cipe Vincent, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., a. I8:t9, p. o, aild. .St. Lawrelir.-. Ridley, Jobn, Jr., Farmer, (^ipo Vincent, b. Badon, Germany, s. 1842, p. o. add. Rosiere. Rogers, Aiiwtin, Sr., Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. West Spiingfield, Mu-s., s. 1815, p. o. add. Capo Viuueut. Rogers, Fordyco M., Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Ma88aclni6etls,8. IS-Vi, p. o. add. ■Ihree-Mile Hay. Rogers, Abin-r, Fuinnr. Capo Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1854, p. o. add. Tbree-M'le Bay. Rice, Bniniard, Fai-m.-r and Stock Dealur, Cupo Vincent, b. JetToraon Co., N. Y., 8. 184.;, p. o, aild, St. Lawrence. Rosebo.un, Jitliii 11 , Copp.-r and Tinsniiih, Retired, Cape Vincent, h. Mont. Co., N. Y".,8. 1851, p. o. add. Cape Vin.ent. Roseboom, John C.. Deal.r in Move-.. Tinware, ami Hardware, Capo Vincent, b. Albany, N. Y., b. 1851, p. o. add. Cajie Vincent. RobbiuB, AI.el (;., Farmer, Cape Vincent, b. JelleiHon Co., X. \'., 8. 1824, p. o. add. Cjipe Vincent, Bobbins, Jidm, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1k:j:1, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Reed, Hubbard W'., Menbant and Post imi8ler. Capo Vincent, b. Jefferson Co.^ N Y'., 8. 1S44, p. o. ad.l. St. Law rente. Scobell, Ralph S.. Mrewer ami Malthter, tlnn Scobell & K., Cape Vincent, b. Kingston, Out., 8. iHiiO, p. t>. adil. Cape Vincent. Stowait, Ira, Fa'niui, Capo ^ incent, b. Jefferson i'o., N. Y'., B. 1811, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Stoel, Win., Faiiner, Capo Vin., b. Oneitln Co., N. y.,a. 18n7, p. o. aild. Capo Vin. Steadman. Tiuioiby It., Fanner, Opo Vincent, b. Jefferson Cu,,N. Y., a. 1K2^, ]i. o. add. St. Lawrence. Swartwout, Nelson, Carpenter ami Joiner, Cape Vincent, b. Jefferson Co ,N. Y'., t*. 18:(2, p. o. atld. St. Lawienre. S\fiirtwoiir, CliaH. V,, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Jufforaoit Co., N. Y., b. 18-18, p. o. ail'l. St, Lawrenct^ Solar, Matthew, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Munroo Co., N. Y., 8. 18:t7, p. o, add. Rosiere. Siinnden*, (ieoige. Sr, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b, Sussex, England, ». 1841, p. o. add. Cape Vim-.-nt. Shubr, Jerry P., Fanner, Cape Vincent, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y., *. 18^7, p. o. a.id. Three-Milo Buy. Schtdl, Joseph, Farmer, Cnpo Vincent, b. Herkimm* Co., N. Y'., 8. 1827, p. o. add. Rosier.'. Tarbell, Thoni is, Farmer, Cai)e Vincent, b. Vermont, a. 1824, p. o. add. Threo- Mile Itiiy. Van W'oeit. John, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1847, p. o. a.ld. Tliree-Mile Bay. Van Schairk, Nicholas, Fanner, CajHJ Vincent, b Albany, N. Y., a. 1812, p. o.add. Ciipe Vincent. Van Schaiek, Th.imis, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b Jefferson Co., N. Y , a. 1838, p. o. a.bl. Cap'* A'incent. Vontrin, Clamle, Farnn?r, (^'ape Vincent, b. Fmnce, s. 1829, p. o. add. Cape Vin. Vincent, Wm , Lake Capt^iin, Cape Vincent, b Jeffereon Co., N. Y., a. l8o9, p. o. aild. Cape Vinueni. Wliite, Mos s. Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Oneida Co., N. Y'., a. 1846, p. o. add. Cape Vincent. Walmth, Alon/o, Farmer, Capo Vincent, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y'., a. 1837, p. u. add. St. Lawrence. AValiatli, Wat-oii K., Fai nier, Cape Vincent, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y*., a. 1849, p. o. ii.hl. St. Lawri-nce AValtace, Hamilton (!., Farmer and Hotel-keeper, Cajio Vincent, b. County Down, Indand, s. l.''4'i, p, o. add. St. I^iwronce. Wilson, Victor, Farmer, Cape Vincent, b. Fulton Co., N. Y., a. 1823, p. o, add. Cape Vincent. Wilson, Chai le«. Retired Farmer, Ciij)o Vincent, b, Montgomery Co., N. Y., «. 1821, p. o. add. Capo Viiueiit. Wilson, Allen, Fariimr, Capo ^■incellt, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a, 1831, p. o. atld. Cape Vincent. Warren, Sbcpard, Farmer, Capo Vincent. (See view.) CHAMPION. Bh, George, Fanner, b. Lewis Co., N. V., 8. ls'i2, p. o. atld. South L liampion. Bush, 31r., Sr., Farmer ^deceaaedj, b, Lewis Co., N. V., s. ismi. Buck, "i heo., Farmer, b. Lewis ("o., N. V., s. I84u, p. o. ad.J. Ciirthage. Closs, Richard, Mechanic, b. Lewis C\>., a. 183f), |>. ■>. adil. Carthage. Carter, F. C., Farming and Dairy, b. Jet!. Co., N. Y'., s. I«.i9, p. o. a.ld. Oiampion. Cutler, Irwin, Fanning and Dairy, b. Jeff. Ct.., N, V., s. I8(J4, ji. o.adtl. Chamiiion. Carter, Lester, Fui niingand Dairy, b. Jell. Co., N. Y'., b. 1833, p. o. aild. (.'ham)iion. Coughlan, Merino-', Merchant, b. JelL L'o., N. Y'., a. IK:;^, p. o. add. Champion. Cobnrn, Mi-s. W. M. Ferguson, Wordell, Farming and Dairy, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a, 18G5, p. o. add. Chamiiion. Fuller, N. J., Farming. Goudrich, D. .\., Farmer, b. Le\vi8 Co., N. Y., a. 1859, p. o. add. South Cliami'ion. Hubbard, Mose.^. Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a. I84I, p. o. add. Gieat Bend. Hiby, C. N., Minister, b. Jeff. C.i., N. Y., a. 1872, p. o. add. Champion. Jackman, B., Farniei' ami Dairy, b, Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. isls, p. o add. C'bampion. Johnson, E. F., Phys.cmn, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y'., a. 1&3I, p. o. adtl. (.'bampioii. Johnson, Jason, Farming, b. Van Rensselaer Co., N. Y., s, 184n. Lo.mias, Allonzo, Farming, b. Jefferson Co, N. Y'.. 8. lSn8, p. o, adtl. Champion. Mix, Joel, Farming, b. .letlel-son (^i., N. Y., p. o, add. Carthage. Mi.\, James, Fanning, b. JetToi-BOn Co.. N. Y., s. 1799, p, o. imil. Carthage. 3Ii;Nett, E. IL, Farming and Dairy, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 18;i7, p. o.atld. Cirthage. M.ller, M. S.,1-"ariiier. Carthage, b. Jeff. Co., N. V., s. 1822. p. «. add. Carlbage. Manchester, Joel, Farmer, Carthage, b. Jefferboil Co., N. Y.,8. If<.l7, p. o, add. Carthage. Oamun, W. T., Minister, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.. a. 1831, p. o. add. Champion. OslMirn, t harles. Farmer, b. Lewis Co., N. Y., s. 18:i5, p. o. add, Carthage. Phillip, S., Fanii'-r, b. Maas., s. 181*4, p. v. add, Ciillliage. Phelp-, .L H., Fai nier ami Dairy, b. Oneitla Co.. N. Y., 8. 1850. lUle, yi. E., S< btj.d-Teaeber, b. Jeffeison Co., N. Y., 8. Is35, p. o. add. South Champion, Sterling, Jaim p. Farmer and Superv'r, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., a. 183G, p. o. ndd. Gn-at Bend. Sterling, 1>. B., Miller and Merchant, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y,, a. 1847, p. o. add. Great Bend. Spencer, John. Farmer, b, Lewis Co., N. Y*., s. 1830, p. o. add. Champitui. Sage, EliitH, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18o(l, p. o. add. Champion. Sb.ter, J. P., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1»5I. p. o. atbl. Sontii < hanipi.-n. Sh'-pard, C. N., Farmer, b. Lewis Coiinly, N. V., s, l8t>(l, p. o. add. S. Cliampioii. Shepard, .1.. Fanner, b, Lewis Co., N. Y., s. iMji', p. o. a*id. S"Ulh Cliamp.on. Vebber, Fnink .^1.. Farming and School-Teacliiug, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., f. 1850, p. o.add. F.dCs Mill^. ■Woolworth, Fatming and Dairy, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y'., s. 1813, p. o.add. Champion. Waldow, M., b. Oneida Co., N. V., .s. 18.;2. Wilmot, \. R., Farmer, a. 1841, p. o.add. ChumpioD. 584 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. CLAYTON. Angpl, -Ills. F., Retired F.irmer, b. Otaego Co., N. Y., s. 1817, p. o. add. Chi^ ton. Ames, W. W., Ed. Iwhpfndeut, h, l*l»idi-oii Co., N. V., k. 1»7*^, i». o. add. ClHyluri. Atwuud, M. W., Fai'iiu-r nnd Kx-liiKifoctor ol" I'urt Clapton, b. Jeflersun Co., N. Y., s. Iti4.(, p. o. add. (layiuii. Aii^pI, K. U., .Mti.cbiiut uiid Keiired Fanner, b. Otscgu Co., s. Itj:i2, p. o. add. Claitoii. Barker, A. F., Bttiiker aud Ship-owner, b. Caledonia Co., Vt., e. 1837, p. o. add. (,'laytou. liain, Alex., Di-ntiat, b. Mailbor.Migli, Ca., 8. 180S, p. o. add. Cbtjtnn. Itrowii, Kt'V. M. J., i'.isiMi- ul Kuniuu Cailiulii: Church, b. FranUliii Co., K. Y., 8. l»T(i, p. u. add. Clajtuii. Bjibcot-k, Jas., I'lop. Chei-se MiilVi'. (established 1875), b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. \»M, p. o. add. Clapton. Baxter, Will., Fiiriin-r, b, Jeftereon Co., N. Y., b. 1827, p. o. add. Depaiiville. Brown, LiiUn-r, Uetin-d Fariut-r, b. ililleborough Co., K. H., b. Ifi-^U, p. o. add. .Stone itiiils. Brown, SupJiruni;i, Itetired Farmer, b. Crown Point, N. Y., 8.1824, p. o. add. Mone Mills. Baldwin, C. (.i.. Farmer and Teacher, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s, 1851, p. o. add. Stone Mill^j. Brighani, Cleo. it Son, Farmers and Vet.Surgs., b. Otsego Cu.,N. Y., s. 1818, p. o. add. C1a>^>n. Brighani, Uen. A Sun, Farmers and Vet.Surgs., b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. 1833, p. o. atld, Clayton. Itiirker, \U:my S., Mi-reh't, b. Clayton, Jeff. Co., N. Y., B.1845,p.o. add. Clayton. Couk, Asbbel, Ca])taili id' Scliuouer, b. Jett. Co., N. Y., 8, ISIU, p.o.add. Clayton. Oiry, Jno., died Nov. 11), 1857, in Jeff. Co., N. Y., b. Oneida Co., N. Y., a. IS.G. Cary, Mr-". Jno., Ueiireii Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. IS22, p. u. add. Ciayton. Cuminu, Win., Uetiied Faiuier, l». Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1812, y. u. add. Chiyion. Coiisanl, Wni. il., Karnn-r, b. Jt-nur-son Co., N. Y., s. Ih4ii, p. o. adil. Clnyiori. (barter, jcny, KarniL-r, b. IJerksliire Co., N. Y., s. 18'JU, p. u. add, Dejianville. Durr, Jubii, Farmer and Shoemaker, b. Germiua, M. V., s. 1831, p. o, add. La Fargeville, Burr, I>avid H., banner, b. Jeff -i-son Co., N. Y.,8. 185G, p. o. add. La Fargeville. Dorr, I'eter, died April IS, lHti5, b. Gt-rmina, N. Y., v. \^.i\. Dorr, Mary, Fainu-r, b, (icrniina, >'. Y., b. IslU. j), o. add. Depaiiville. Dye, Warren A., Carpenter and Farmer, b. Jeirerooii Co., h{. Y'., s. 1834, p. o. add. Clayton. Esselstyn, U. M., Fx-Collector of Customs, and Supervisor and 3Iagistrate, b. Jptlersi.u Co., N. Y., 8. \)i-ll, p. o. add. Claytttn. Eddy, Luthei", Lumber Dealer and Farmer, b. Winson Co., Vt., s. 1832, p.o.add. Claytou. Kvans, F. T., Attorney, b. Om-ida Co.. N. Y., s. 1872, p. o. add. Clayton. Kllanis, Mrs. E., Millinery, b. Jeff. Co., M. V., 9. 1847, p. o. add. Clavton. Ellii>tt, Wni., Sailor, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1839. p. o. a, o. add. Drpauville. Fox. Uyion, MerLbaiit, b. JefferMin Co., N. Y., b. 184", p. o. add. Depauville. Fraiiif, L. K., Tlivs. and Snr';,. b. llei k. Co., >i. Y., s. XfSfl, p. o. add. Oi-uauville Fox, Myrun, di«d Mar. M, isiil. b. Rome, N. Y., 8. 1S23. Fo.\, Malviha, Ketired Farmer, b. Warren, N. 11., e. 1H33, ji. o. add. La Fargeville. Fry, Adam, Farmer and Mechanic (,ret'd;, b. Montgt)niery Co., h. 1821, p. o. add. Di'pauviUe. Faire, Tlios., Fanner, b. Ireland, s. 1833, p. o. add. Depanvilie. (iillott, C. K., Merebant, b. St. Lawieiico Co., N. Y., s. 1871, p. o. add. Clayton. Oluyd. James D., Fartiier, b. Jericho, Vt., a. 1822, p. o. add. Clayton, liubbaid, Jjui. T., I'rop. ot'Uubbard House, b. Jeff. Co., N. V., 8. 1839, p. o. iulil. Chiytuu. Ilalpin, Mit liael, Cai)t. and part owner of bark "Burnside," b. Limerick, Ire- land, a. is.'is, J), u. add. Clayttm. Hnl.bard, J. B., died July l(i, 1871, b. J.-ff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1824. Hubbard, Mrs, J. 11. (retired), b. Orleans Co., N. Y., «. I«:i7, p. o. ndd. Clayton. JIubbaid,c;co. II., Prop, of Livery, ami Assessor, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a. 1842, p. o. a. Herkimer Co., N. Y'., s. 183G, p. o. add. Clayton. Johnston, John (,retire, ]». o. add. Depauville. Ornisby, SuKaii, Farmer, b. Hei kimer Co., «. Iw^ili, p. o. add. Dejiauvillo. r-dter. Augnstin, Farmer, b. Pai'is, France, a. IS31, p. o. add. i;l.iyton. Putnam, Pal by. Farmer, b. Vt., s. 1«1'J, p. o. add. ClaMon. I'atch. Allen, Fiunier, b. Jefferson Co., ». |K4«, p. o. iiilil. Clayt<»n. Parish, Cilbert K., Farmer and Shlp-cariienter, I'. Jeffur&on, s. 1831, p. o. add. Ch<)tun. Patchin, L. K., Retired Farmer, b. Columbia Co., a. 1M19, p. o. add. Depauville. I'atcliiii, Albert M., Farmer, b. Jellerson, s. 1K4U. p. u. add. Depauville. l'e« k, K. J., FHlinei, b. Jenel-s..|j, f. 1«3(», \\. o. adil. .Stone Mdl-. Iteea, Tlio«,, LunibeiinanandSbip-bu.lder, b. S. Wale'i.M. lS3i;, p. o. add. Clayton. Iteis. W H., D.pt. Col. of Customs, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., B. 1H44, p. o. luld. Clayton. Keew. Wui.. Sailor, b. S. Wub «. a. 1832, j.. .►. add. Clayton. Ueer<, David S.. Sailor and Farmer, b. S. Walea, a. 1S32, p. o. ndd. St. Lawrence. Iteed, S. D., Far r, b. .lefferaon Co., N. Y., s. 18±i. p. o. ad.l. Clayton. Bnsbiieli, .\iilhony, C|-a)ie, and Grower of Seetlllngs and choicu Giltpo Boots, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., h. \h-m\ p. n, adtl. Clayton. Smith, O. W., P. M. since I80'J, b. Chittenden Co., Vt., b. 1817, p. o. add Clayton. Scott, Northrop, Joiner, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., 8. 18ri2, p. o. add. Clayton. Soper, S., Farming, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., «. 1817, p. o. add. Clayton. Sweetman, Henry, Uoat-builder, b. t>neid,i Co., N. Y., 8. 184n, p. o. add. Cbivton. Seber, E. J., Merchant Miller, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a. 1869, p. o. add. Depanviile. Sn-ll, Ceo. F., Kaimer, b. Jeff -r-ion Co.. N. Y., a. 18411, p. o. add. Clayton. Snell, Caltba. Ann, Farm -r (letiredl, b. Jeff. Co., .\. Y., s. lS2(l, p. o. adcl. Clavton. Snell, .MbertC, Maid'. Limburger Cheese, and Farmer, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 8. l8o(j, p. it.ater, li a, Fanner, b. Kntland, Vt, s. 183 I, p. n. add. La Fargevdle. Thomson, Diana, Fainier, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y,, 8. lK-.i4, p. o. add. Depuiville. Vincent, Leouaid, Fainier, b. Jefferson <_'o., N. Y.,s. IS24, ji. o. add. Depauville. Walt, M., Hardware and Tinner, b. Jeff. Co., N. V., s. 1863, p. o. add. Clayton. Walt, Henry, Carpenter, Joiner, and Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. 180C, p. o.add Clayton. Wbittier, David, Farming, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1821, p. o. add. Depauville. Wheeler, M,\ roll, Farming, b. Dutchess Co., N. Y., s. iJtiG, p. o, aihl. De|uinville. Wiitiht, M. W., Farming, b. Oisego Co.. N. V.. s. 184(1, p. o. aild. Depauville. Wilson, G. T., HIacksmiih and Carriage Manufacturer, b. Canada, s. I8t>4, p. o. add. Depjiuville. "Wright, Erasius, Carpenter and Joiner, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 8. 1834, p. o. aild. Depauville. Wiiislow, E. M., Farmer and Teacher, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., B. 1816, p. o. add. De- pauville. Wooledge, Win. D., Carriage Mfi., b. Rutland, Vt., s. 1833, p. o. add. Clayton. ELLISBURG. Austin, Dr. F., Phys'cian and Surgeon, Mannsville, b. Oswego Co., N. Y., p. o. add. Mannsville. Andrus, S. J., Prop. Hotel, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1824. p.o.add. P:errei>ont Manor. Allen, Hal vey (retired), b. S.tratoga, N. Y., s. 1804, p. o.add. I'lerrepont Manor. Allen, Hiram, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1810, p.o.add. Pierre- }Hmt Manor. Allen, Elisha, Blacksmith, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., p. ISOG, p.o.add. Pierreiwmt Manor. Daily, li. N., Dentist, b. Oswego Co., N. Y., a. 18tl!f, p. o. add. Mannsville. Bialiop, D. C, Hotel-Keeper, Mannsville, b. N. Y., p. o. add. Mannsville. Bates, J. R., Notary Public, Mannflville, b. Mass., s. Isl7, p. o. add. Manri>ville. Beebe, A. K., Teacher, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18.".7, p. o. add. M:inn>ville. Baly, C., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co, N. V., s. \M1, p. o. add. Pierre])ont Manor. Bemis, S. M., Ketiied Merchant, b. Jeffei-son Co., N. Y., a. 1833, p. o.add. Pierre- pont Manor. Brown, J. E., Fai mer, b. Jeffi-rson Co., N. Y'., s. 1837. p. o. add. Mannsville. BrovMi, C. H., Fanner and Siiiba-, b. England, s. 1X05, p. add. Wuodville, Baldwin, Win., b. Oswego, N. Y., s. lS-.i.'>. p. o. add. Mannsville. Bemis, J. A,, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,s. 1833, p. o. add, Pierve- (Hint Manor. Brewster, W. K., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1819, p. o. add. Mannsville. Brodi--, Jas., Fiist-Claes Stock Farmer, b. Scolhind, 8.1847, p. o. ndd. Runil Hill. Boomer, Leonard, Farmer and Daiiyman, b. Jeff. Co., J^. Y., s. 1808, p. o. add. Ellisbuig. Boomer, Sam'l H., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1810, p. o. add. Belleville. Boomer, Nel.son, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y'., a. 1S08, p. o. add. Belleville. Bull, Alvah, Fanner ami Dairyman, b. Vt., s. 1832, p. o. add. Bunil Hill. Baniev, M. V. B., Faimer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., K. Y., s. 183-J, p. o. add. Belleville. Bull, E. P., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Vt.. a. 1834, p. o. add. Rural Hill. Cunnin-bam, (i. D., Ch-rk, b. t)iiei<|a Co., s. I8i8, p. o. add. .Munn8\ille. Colton, Julie K., Teacher, b. Jeff. (V)., N. Y., s. 184'.», p. o. add. Mannsville. Clark, F. R., F.irmer and Dairy'ii,b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. 1825, p. o.add. Mannsville. Converse-, .1. F., Farmei- and Breeder ol Fine Stock, b. Oneida Co., N. Y. s. 1841, p. o. add. Wuodville. Clark, K. J., Fanner an. L. .v.. Mistress on Farm, b. Otsego ., N. Y., s. 1831, p. o. add. Woodville. Fthuore, M. M., Earner and Dairynmn, b. Jeff. Co. N. Y., «. 1848, p.o.add. Rural Hill. Gray, Wm., Caniage Mnfr., b. Jeff. C..., N. Y., 8. ls28, p. o. ndd. Woodville. (ioodeiiough, Jno.. Fanner and Dairyman, b. Vt.. b. 1815, p. o. add. Mannsvillo. LJreiiell, E. o.. Farmer and Cheese-Maker, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., b. 1814, p. o. add. Pierreponl Manor. Goodeuough, R. D., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1836, p. o. add. Mann>ville. Graves, Charles, Farmei- and Dairvman, b, Jeff. Co., X. Y.,8. 1852, p. o. add. Ellisville. Gn-en, Mrs. L. D., Mi-it reas of Farm, b. Jeff. Co..N*. Y'., a. 1838, p. o. add. Elliaburg. Green, Daniel, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co.. N. Y., s. 18'25, p. o.add. lielleville. lliiggiiiB, Ceo. A., Dcjiler in Hardware, b. Oswego Co., N. Y., a. 1853, p. o. add. ManiiMville. Hibbard, C. C. Phy-ician and Surgeon, b. Wea.c'icater Co., N. Y., 8. 18G7, p. o. add. .Mannsville. niSTOllY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 585 Hiistfii. K. \V., I'liotn;:niplu'r, b. St. Liiwrenco Co., N. Y., 8. 187G, p. o. add. M:uiiigvill<'. Iliinl. I». !■;.. Diii^i-cist, l». Orn-iila Co., N. Y., s. 1870, p. o. aiM. Mannsville. IlKthiiH k. \V. (;., Kiirmrr iim! Dairyman, b. (.iiicaua Co., N. Y., s. 1S4.% p. o. k(M. MiitinNvillc. I[.iiit.'liIoii, A. (*., .Justice of the lV;tc.', h. Ji'fffraoil Co., N. Y., 8. 1825, p. o. iiiltl. Itrll.'vill.-. HawpH, H. (".. Attoriipv and Cotinsclor, h. Ji'ffi-i'Soii Co., N. Y., s. I.s44, p. o. a, p. o. add. Pifrri-punt Manor. Hill, Ji-ronic, FariiUT and Dairyman, b. JcflTcruon Co., N. Y., 8. I8:i7, p. o. atld. MannHvilb-. Judsun. Marcus, M«-fhani<" (n-tin-d), b. Conn., 8. 1820, p. o. add. Mantisvilic, .I.nM-.s, W.S.. It. K. Ak'I., b. OnWdaCo., N. Y.,8. 18ii2, p. o.add. Picrrt'iiunl Manor. Jam.'s, KM C. Farmer, b. .I.-flVraoti Co., N. Y., 8. I8K\ p. o. add. Maiin-.villi'. J.'iikin-. Wni. A., Farmt-r and Dairyman, b. Jetli'rauu Co., N. Y., 8. 18^1, p. o. a.M. Woodville. Jiinic-'. K/i'kii-I, Fariiirr and Dairyman, b. Jt'lTersun Co., N. Y., 8. 1832, p. o. add. Maiiiitivilli'. Krnncdv, L. b., FarnuM-and Dairyman, b. Montj^oniLM-y Co., N. Y., s. 1809, p. o, add. lirlb-vilb'. hum. H. A., b. .1,'nVrMon Co.. N. Y., s. 18:14. p. o. add. Mannsvilb'. Lr-tcr, K., lindt-rtaki-r, b. Columbia Co., N. Y., s. 18:J8, p. o. add. .^Imui'^vjllc. M.trtin, I.. A.. M.-nliant, b. J.-tTorsm Co., N. Y.. s. I8.i;i. p. o. add. Mannsville. Merrill, J. W.. Mi-nb. Tailor, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., 8. I821t, p. ...add. .Miinnsvillo. Miner, Cai't. J., itrt. Sa lor. b. Schoharie Co., N. Y., a. 1815, p. o. add. Mannsville. McLean, \V, C., Farmer and D lirym.ui, b. JellV-rson Co., N. Y., 8. 182.'», p. o. add. Klllsbiir^. Blendclt, II. U., Fiirmcrnnd Dairyman, b. Jeffereon Co., N. Y., 8. 18:i7, p. o. add. rii'in'|Hint Maimr. Martin, E. H.. Farmer aial Dairv man, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1817, ]>. o. add. Bell-'Vitb-. Nichols, D. F., baw Stuib-nt, b. J.-ffer«on Co., N. Y.,8. lS.jr., p.o. add. Mannsvllle. Noble, Mi-s. F. A., Seainstre-s, !'. .Jeffer!*oti (\i., N. Y., 8. ISl'J, p. o. ii<|d. Ellisbiirj,'. Noble, F. M., CiisbHii-IIonse Officer, b. Vermont, 8. 1842, p. o. atid. Kllifibur^'. Old", Samuel I'., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. I8.i7, p. o. add. rierrejiont Mantir. Toiler, o. S., CmnstT, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1828, p. o. add. Mannaville. I'leipont, \V.('. (retireill, b. New York City,s. 18l(j, p. o. add. Pierrep )Ut Manor. Pereoris, Khun, Farmerand Dairyman, b. Couuecticnl.s. lulO, p.o. add. KlIisburK. I'orson-, H. A., Farmer and Dair> man, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18;i t, p. o. add. KlIi.sl.nrK. I'efsohs, J. \V., Retired Men-bant, h. Vermont, «. 1813, p. o. add. Mannaville, Pool, M. I.., Dressmaker, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 8. 1SI5, p. o. adtl. Pierrepont Manor. Romin;;ton, Mrs A. D., Merchant, Now York City, b. Oswego Co., N. Y., s. 18G2, J), o. add. Maunsv.lle. K'-ga, John A., Pliysieiiin and Surgeon, b. Cermany, 8. 18Gi, p.o.add. IJelleville. Itounds, D. M., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferaon Co., N. Y., s. 1835, p. o. add. Mannsvilb'. Kogers, Jiinr s, Cheese-iMaker, b. Vermont, s. 1S5G, ]i. o. aild. Belleville. tSi.w. \\. II. II., Com. Srbouls, b. Jell. Co., N. Y., s. lK4n, p. o. add. Maunsville. Smth, D. K., Pastor Baptist Church, b. Otsego Co., N. Y., s. 1874, p. o. add. Mann-viile. Sweet, Bell M., Teacher, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. 185r», p. o. add. Mannsville. Sterling. H., Faniior and Dairy, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. 187(1, p. o. add. MantiHville. Shoecnifi, Jacob, Farmer anil I'airy, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 8. 1823, p. o. add. ]^Iann^ville. Sia8, K. T., Farmer and Dairy, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., e. 184\ p. o. add. Mannsville. Sawyer, A. H., Farmer and Dairy, b. N. Ilamp., s, 1821, p. o. add. fllannsville. Stearn?*, Ben,j. F., Farmer and Dairy, b. Jeffeison Co., N. Y., s. 1S29, p. o. add. Klli^burg. Steel, Ito^well M., Farmor and Dairy, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p. o. add. Pterrepont Manor. Towslej. K. K., Attorney and Cou[iselor-at-Law, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 5. 1S38, I", o. aild. Mannsville. Thoni|)s >n, A. S., Physician and Surgeon, b. Lewis Co., N. Y., a. 185G, p. o. add. Klli-'burg. Van Wiuiner. .\. C, Farmer ami Dairyman, b. Jeffei-son Co., N. Y., s. 1825, p. o, ad. arid. Henderson. IJassett, A. D., Farmer, b. Jetl. Co., s. 18:J2, p. o. adil. Hendeison. Boyce, Cajil. W., Lake rii])t. and Farmer, b. Jeff. Co..s. 1S24, p.o. add. Henderson . Bunnei, lieo.. Farm -r. b. t;eiM*Hee Co., 8. bs.)", p. o. add. Hendersi»n. Babbitt, (_;eo.. Farmer and ex-Sheriff, b. .letT. Co., 8. 1SI«, p. u. add. Smilhvillo. Daniey, L. M., Farmer, b. Jeff. « 'n., g. lS2i., p. o. add. Henderson. Barnev, A. C, Farmer, p. o. add. Smllhville. Bickford, Abel, Farmer, b. N. Y., s. 1H71, p. o. ad. I. Belleville. Cole, Jjiiathiiii, Farmer, !■. Windham, Conn., s. IHIG, p. ... iid.l. Belb-ville. Carpenter, II. K., Fanner, b. Jeff. Co.. s. IH32, p. o. add. Belleville. Clark, Geo. W., Farmer (relired ), b. Washington Co., s. 1K(I5, p. ... add. Bellcvitlo. Clark, Mre. Geo. W. (retire.ll, b. Jeff. Co.. «. IH(l7, p. o. a id. Belleville. Collins, Ceo. W., Farmer, b Jell". Co., s. 1823, p. o. aild. Ihshop ^t. Crittf-nion, Jaa. A., Fanner and .V'-se'Sor, b. Ji-ff. C(».,8. 182.'>, p.o.add. Smith v die. Clark. K. J., Farmer, b. Jeff. C.*., s. ls42, p. o. a-id. Belleville. Conistock, Wm. H., Carri ige and Wagon Mnt'r., b. Warron Co., 8. 18;18, p. o. add. Herub-rw..n. Dobson, Win., Faiuier, b. Jeff. Co., s, 181-^, p. o. add. Henderson. Dobstfn, John, Farmer and A'tMe^sor, b. Oindda (>'o., 8. isl2, p. o. add. Henderson. Doilge, Jo'-I, Farmer, b. Herkim -r Co., h. 1843, p. m. iidd. IIenden»oii. Davis S. H., Book-ki'eper on Steamer St. Louis, Smithville, b. Jetl. Co., ». 1841, p. o. add. Smithville. Davis, Mrs. S. H., SmitliVille, b. I*<'wis (N.., w. 1S44, p. o. add. Smillivdb-. Davis, W. P., Farmt^r, Smitliv)lle, b. N. Y., s. 1S2."., p. o. a.ld. Sniilhville. Kggluston, (apt. (has.. Lake ('apt., I». Jell*. Co., s. IH22, p. o. ad.l. lleii.lci'son. tiriney, C. W.. Miller, b. J.-ff. Co., f. 1n42, p. o. a.ld. Henderson, (iilman, John, Farmer, b. Onondaga t^*., s. iHiiS, p. o. ad.l. Ilondorson. tJilnian, Mrs. John, b. Jeff. Co., s. ISilG, p. o. a.ld. llenriei-aon. CnggH, Wni. S., Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., s. 1« ID, p. u. add. Sinthvillo. Giiggs, >ewell, Farmer, b. X. V., s. I84S, p. o. add. Smithville. Huogertord, Capt. W., Lake t.'aptain, b. Oneid.t Co., N. Y., 8. 1S14, p.o. a.ld. Henderson. Hill, Iliiaiii, F.irmer, Smitliville, b. Washington Co., N. Y., s. I8b7, p. o. add. Smithville. Hill, Mia. Hiram, Smithville. b. Jefferson Co., N. V., s. 18(J7, jt. o. a.I.I. Sm tbvilb-. Hall, .Airs. K. J., Farmer, b. Jefferson C..., X. Y., s. 18:^4, p. ... ad.l. Sniitliv.lle. Ilollis, 11. W. & Co., Dealer- in Drugs, Chemicals, Paint-, an.l l>ds. Patent Med- icines, Groceries, Fancy Articles, etc., b. Oswego Co., N. V., s. 1874, p. o. add. ll.*nders ui. Joiner, Kile H., Retired Farmer, b. Old Decrlield, Mass., b. 1805, p. o. add. Hon- del son. Johnson, Fales, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1811, p. o. add. Ilen.lerson. Johnson, Mi^. Fales, b. JetVeinon Co., N. Y., 8. 18111, p. o. add. Hi-n., X. Y., 8. 1821, p. o. add. Bishop st. Mather, Simeon, Farmer, p. o. add. Belleville. Xutting, 8. II., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., s. 18(1, p. n. add. Hendei-son. Nutting, W. K., Farmer, b. Chenango Ui., X. Y'., s. 18i;t. p, ... a.M. Ib-nderson. Nulling, M. .\., Chee-e-nikr., b. Jefferson Co., X. Y.,8. lS4u, p. o. adii. Henderson. Nugent, Dr. D. B., Physician, b. Canada, s. I8.'.t!. p. o. a5, p. o. add. Henderson, llobbins, A. W*., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1812, p. o. a.ld. Hemlerson. Seab>ii, Leonard, Farmer, b. Jelb-reori Co., N. Y., s. 1827, p. o. add. Hendenjun. Sprague, A. A., Refd Sea Capt., b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 18(>(;, p. o. add. Hernler^on. Spragne. V. H., Merchant and Justice of the Peace, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1841, p. o. add. Henderson. Simmons, C. L., .Merchant, b. Washtenaw, Mich., 8. IS.^!), p. o. add. Henderson. Scott, A. B., Farmer, b. St. Lawrence C^i., N. Y., 8. 18.(7, p. o. add. Henderson. Sperry,Capt. 1>. K., Farmer, b. Xew Haven, Conn., s. 1807, i>. o. add. Hendeison. Scat.iii, B. ('., Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 182.5, p.o.add. Hemlersfm. Seelyc, Mr-. Wealthy Ann, Propr. ol' Smithville Hotel, Smithville, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1*830, p. o. i»itd. Smithville. Smith, Harvey, Farmer, s, 18U5, p. o. add. Bishop st. Siiomons, L. B., Farmer. Wilkinson, Sila.^ Farmer, b. Montg'y Co., N. Y., 8. 1S(M), p. o. add. Hendera.m. Whitney, M. J., Farmer, b. Jeff, rsoii Co.. X. Y., -. 1S4 t, [.. o. add. H. inbrMm. Warner", Capt. .1 S., Uetiied Sea Cttpt., b. Van Rensselaer Co., X. Y., s. 1812, p.o. ad.l. lIe:i.b-i-!^on. Wilkiiis .n. Wm., Retired Farmer, b. Saratoga Co., N. Y.,s. 18t>6, p.o. add.Hen- dei-son. Wallace. James, Farmer, b. J.-fferson Co., N. Y., a. 1827, p. o. add. Henders-.n. Wbitnev, Geo. C, Farmer, b Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1818, p. o. add. Heiiders-.n. Wilds, W. 11., Resident, Smithville, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1814, p. o.add. Smithville. Wallace, Klla M., Farmer, h. N. Y., p. o. add. Ilenderson. \Yarner, H. K. Wallace, Susan J. . „ . York, A. H., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. 1825, p. o. add. Henderson. HOUNSFIELD. "Allen, L. F.. Farmer, b. .b-ff. C... s. bv;i, p. ... add. K. Ibainsfield. Biles M M Fann.T (.i"«'t"»"''K h. M:ws., s. D*02, p. o. add. Slowell st.or. _ Bak.r O \V, Fanner ami M-rcbant, b. Jeff.Co.,9. 1827, p. o. add. Stowell 8 Cor. Biiminer.Il.i'.. Fanner, b.Jetr.Co.,8. 18:;G,p.o.add. K.Houn^fi-bl Baker. J.. Fanner ( retin-d). b. Jeff. Co., s. 1803, p. o. ndd Stowell s (^.r. Blood, Suel, Farmer ^rclired^, b. N. H., s. 1812, p. o. add. h. Honush- Id. 586 HISTORY OF JEFFP:RS0N COUNTY, NEW YORK. Bpnjinian.SylvostiT, FKmier, b. Jrlf. Co., a. IHK, p. o. add. E. Iloiinsfield. Broiullniit, Tlitis., Fiiniiirnnd Mnfr.. b. Eiii:., s. IS47. p. o. ndil. Di-xicr. Ciinfl.-lil, Tlico., Cap tulist. b. .Iiff. dy., ». 1»it, p. i.. .idd. .Siii.k.t'« Iliiibi.r. Culliiif, I/. 11 , 1'np. Kvi'lrit-h llcmsc, b.-Ii'll'. Ci.., ». ISJll, p n. iidil. Sacket'ii Harbor. C>ii>i|i». W. H., l>riiK!,'<"<, b. .Ii-IT. (:■!., p. II. ndil. Siu lipt's Hnibor. CHiiipbcli. Mph. .bitu- A. (riMiri tl), b, .(rff. Co., B.IKIT, p. u. luUi. Sacket'u H»rbor. Cluv.liiiiil, P., Fiirnior, b, .leff. C.i., b. 18JK, p, n. mill. E. Ilouiisfiilil. CViiikliii, T. (-'., Knrnier. b. .letf. (Vj., p. IS'i-S, p. u. jiild. limurivilli'. i'oiikJiii. \. S., KarnuT, b. .Ii>IT. Co., 9. ls:):i, p. o. add. lirowiivilk'. he \\'r (retired 1, b. .b-IT. Co., «. 18:12. p. o. add. S. Harbor. Evan-, E.. KarniiT, b, .Ji-ll*. Co., 8. ls:w. p. o, add. Brownvdli-, Fox, M. 1.., Fallnor, b, .leff. Co., B. 182.1, p. o. add. S. Harbor. KiobI, II./,ikiiili. Fanner, b. .Ii-II. Co., b. 1»1I, p. o. add. E. Ifounisfield. Fost«'r. .\lbert. Fanner and Blnl'r., b. Jeff. Co., p. o. add. Dexter. O Itilore. Capt. H. O., Itelired Lake Capt. and Fanner, b. Vt., 8. lB2r,, p. o. add. Dexler. Green, D. II., Farmer, b. .leff. Co.. N. Y., 9. W£i. p. o. add. E. IIolinBfteld. IlolKei-B. S. X.. Fanner, b. Ma^s., 8, IWIS, p. o. add. .S. Harbor. Ilai!le«o..d, J. 51., F.iriuer, li. .left. Co., N. Y., s. 1M4. p. o. add. S. Harbor. Iliill, Ira. InRl. liarl, C. \V„ Cipitali-t, b. SI. L. Co., N. T., ». 1814, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Mvennole, F. M., Fanner, b. Jeft. Co., N. Y., 8. 1824, p. o. add. E. llouusfleld. Lcc, 1.. (!., Fanner, b. .leff. lo., S. Y., s. 1821, p. o. add. Uexli r. SIcCnIlork, D. (lelired). b. JlasK., 8. 18211. p. o. add. S. Harlior. MeekB. N,, Fanner and Keeper ol Llglit-boiise, b. Eng., 8. 18;:fi, p. o. add. S. Harbor. MeWavne, .1. A., Fanner, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 18:!.1, p. o. add. S. Harbor. MiKee, 0. K., Farmer, b. .leff. Co., N. Y., s. 18ti, p. o. add. s. Harbor. McMnllen, J. H., Prop, of Mill, and Miller, b. Jell. Co., N. Y., s. 18:1'.), p. o. add. S. Harbor. Jlomeliian, K. P., Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 1809, p. o, add. S. Harbor. Mai'Hli, A., Farmer, b. Eng., 8. Is4:t, ji. o. add. AdninB Centre. Matterson. F., Fanner and owner of llambletoiiian, Bndd Doble Cult, b. Jeff. C.I., N. Y., ». l,S:il), p. o, add. S. Hai Iwr. Meldoon, L., Farmer, b. Eng., s. 18;j.^, p. o. a''d. Urownville. Nort'.n, 1,. W., Fanner, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8, 1844, p. o. aihl. K. Honnslield. Phillips. W. li.. Fanner, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 18^1, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Plielp», J. \V., FarmiT, b. Jeff. G)., N. Y., 8. 1821, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Potter, I*. C. , Farmer and Clieese Mnfr., b, Onondaga Ct>., N. Y,, 8. 1845, p. o. add. S. Ilarlior. Pettit. Mrs. M. ('., Farmer, b. Eng., s. 183:i, p. o. aild. S. Harbor. Pea-e, II. v.. Fanner, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., p. 1821, p. o. adil. S. Harbor. I'arsons. Tbos., Farmer, b. Kng., 8. 18:i4, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Potter, N. 11., Farmer, b. Jeff. C..., N. Y., i-. 182(1, p. o. add. Brownville. KobbiiM, M. (►.. Fanni-r, b. Jeffeison Co., 8. 182(1, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Kickerson, E., Fanner, b. Jeffer-on Co., 8. 184;t, p. o. add. S. liar bor. Kessegne, hard.. Fanner, b. ,lener8on Ctr,, s. 182 (, p. o. aiiii. S. Harbor. Kober(»,Sr ml.. Farmer and lllacksmitb, b. WaleB.8. 184:!, p. o. aibl. E. Honnslield. Kieli-trilsori, .1., Farmer, b. Jeller.(on Co., 8. 1821, p. add. StowellH Corners. S.vnionds, F., Farmer, b. J' n-r^on Co., s. 18.">j, \t. o. add. S. Harbor. Symond-, M. C, FarimT, b. .leffer-8on Co., 8. 18:i(i, p. o. adil. S. Hirrbor. Spieer, Jtio., Fatnrer- (retired), b, (llsego Co.. 8. 18U.'i, p. o. add. S. Hai bor. Smith, F. K., Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., ». 184S, p. o. add. Wntertoun. Skinner, Elbert, Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., 8. 18411. p. o. add. Brownville. Slater, Sanih, Farmer, b. Canada, s. 18:17, p. o. add. Brownville. Tyler, Dr. W. E., Ph.VBieian and Surgeon, b. Jeff. Co., s. 1812, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Thompson, S. K., Merrhant and Farmer-, b, Jetf. Co., s. 184.1, p. o. add. S. Harbor. TreiiiHtn, ti. \V., Farmer, b. JelTerson (,'0., 8, 1822, p. o. add S, Harbor. ThomiMon, M. P., Farmer, b. Jefferson t.'o., 8, 18;i2, p. o. add. S. Harbor, Wilson, .\. .1., Karmei', b. Jefferson Co.. b. 183-"i, p. o. add. Ilniwnville. AVa-shbiirn, Dyer, Dealer in fine Blooded Horses and Cattle, b. Cayuga Co., 8. 1824, p. o. add. S. Harbor. Wills, (i. M., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., 8. 18211, p. o. add. Stowell's Corners. Warren, Wm., Proji. Half- Way House and Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., s. 1828, p. o. add. E. Ilonn-tield. ^Vilder, Capt. I'bilo D., ( apt. Schooner " Nelly Wilder," b. Jefferson Co., s. 18:19, p. o. add. S. Harbor. LE RAY. AntIer!*on, V. S., Fiirmi-r, h. Ohw.-;;;^ (^.., N. Y., h. IN.'.?, \k n. aiM. Evan'*' Mills, lif-lit-e, Will., Fsinni-r, b Jefli'innii Co., N. Y,, s. \ti2.'}, p. o. mid. Kvuns' Mills. ItiiMios, Gniciii. FtirnuT, li. .IflTcimm ('»»., N. Y., s. iSS^i, i>.o,iuM. Kvmis' Mills. JtiiriM-B, Osr-ar W., FHrmr-r, b. .U-fT. Co., N. Y.. s. 1K.V^ p. o. nM. Kvuns' Mill-. Bhiiiii, Absiiluin. Fiuuut, b. lliM-kiiiicr Cd., N. Y., o. I8:i7, ii. o. iidil. Kvaiin' Mills. }tj(nii-H, H. W., FiiKiHT, b. JctTi'iHon Co., N. Y., h. 1S4G, p. o. iidil. Kvsiiis' MilU. Coiiti.viii.tn, AIpx., Fiuiiicr iiml M(r. uf Whu^iib uiid Ciii'iiitg4-8, b. Ilorkiiiiei' Co., N. Y., H. 18-3, p. n.juhl. l*Hiiii'liii Four Cunicra. Cory, ('. W., Fai mor mitt Liiiic-bin inr, b. Jt-fft-i-sun Co., N. Y., «. 1820, p. o. add. Wutt'ilown. CroisMiiiii, F. K., .Sup'TviHor, iitid Ti-b-gnijih Opi-nitor, Kvaii«' Mills, b. JclTi*i-Hon ('..., N. Y., h. IS.Vi, p. u. iKld. Kvaim" Millrt. Cook, A. M., Mcicbuiit, Kvitiin' iMills, b. AlUuiy, N. Y., e. I80O, p. o. add. Kvniin^ MillM. Couveim*, !►. T.. rirortr mid Druggist, Kvuns' MilW, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. 1824, p. o. ndil. Kvanrt' 3tillB. Cnrtci , \l. F., Fill iii.r, b. .b fr.rsuii d'., N. Y., h. 1«-I."i. p. o. iidd. Kvuns' MillM. Ciir>, Klijiib, Fill HUT UTtin-d), b. N. II., b. isiri. p. o. mid. ^NuHoidV Cuviu'i-h. Cory, Jiiuu*-. FiiniKir, b. .b-ffi-iHoii Cn., N. Y., ». l«lit, p. o. lubLSiinlord'n CurtM-n*. Croaii, AsbfT, FitniuT (n-lircd', b. UucksCo., I'ii.,n. IsdM, p. o, luld. liliitk Hivcr. Cory, t'nrtis, FiiniuT mid Itiiii vimm, b. Ji-fl. Co., N. Y., ». 1h3H, u. o. add. I'vlt'tt MillH. I>av<>ii]H)i-t, P, W., FiininT. b. licwis C^i., N. Y., «. ISM, p. o. add. Kvans' Mills. DexltT. llcnryC, Faiiiur, Ubick Uivcr, b. Jt-ft. Co.,>. V., ». 18.V.t,p, o. mbl. lllick Uivor. PrxtiT. SliiuNjn, FarriHT, Itbuk Kivcr, b. Mhb*., h. 18-14, p. o. add. Blark Uivcr. lUnibiii. TboH., Kiiriii.T, b. .Irff. I'l,.^ N. Y., m. iNll, p. o. add. Satifuid's Corners. Hilbiibf. k, John S.. Farnur, b. IK-rk. Co., N. Y., ». IH:i.\ \>. o. add. Kvana" Stills. DfXtci, v., »V Son. p. •'. add. llhuk Uivcr. FoibcM, Will.. I'rop. Buck llnhd, Evhiib' 3lill«, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y.,b. 1840, II. o. add. Kvunn' MilN. Forhm, Adam. Fittiiicr, b. ili>rkim Coin-rB. Gardner, Maria, Farmer, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., n. 1820, p.n.add. Sterlingvillf*. Ganiner, George, Farmer (retired;, b. Keiieeelaer Co., N. Y., a. IWS, p. o. add. SterlJngville. Gardner, Joel, Farmer (retired}, b. Cairying, b. JuHeraua Cw., N. Y., b. 1840, p. o. add. Evans* SiillH. Helmer, Ibilip. Fiiiintr (retired^ Evans' Mills, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., b. 1836, p. o. adil. Eviuim' Millr>. Ilolbroi'k.C. I.. I'rup. Anieriran Mills, Evans' Mills, b. Jiffereon Co., N. Y., «. 184'>, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Hoover. Peter, Firmer (retired), b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., B. 1810, p. ©. add. Evans' Milln. Hoover, AInuda E., Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., e. 18:h, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Hardy, IMiineas, Farmer (retireil), Ulack Uiver, b. N. 11., a. 1814, p. o. add. Ithiek Uivcr. Hardy, Havid, Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., s. 1824. p. o. adri. Sjinf.mra Comers. ililnier, Jacob, Ftirnier, b. Herkimer Co., X. Y., s. 18:U, p. o. add. Evann' Mills. Helmer. Cilbert, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., ». 1S39, p. o. add. Kvuiis' Mills. Iliirt. (b-o. 11., Farmer (retired', b. II. I., h. 18^4, p. <■. add. Feli'H Mills. Hinds, lantlia C, Farmi-r, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.. s. \Ki.\ p.o. add. Saiif^rd's Corners. Hazelton, (Jenr^re C., Farmer and Justice of the I'eace, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., .-. U4:>. p. o. add. Bla. k Uiver. H'br-rt, Jidin U., Karnier (deceased), b. Fninrp, s. 1813. Hebeit, Clias. D.. Faiiiier.J.. J-ff. Co., N. Y., s. 18:11, p. o. add. SanfonPs Cnrners. Iver-i, George, U., W. & O. K. R. Agent, Evans' Mills, b. Mass., 8. 1800, p. 0. add. Evans' Slills. Iiigmbani, H.. p. o. add. Ulack River. Jones, b. E., Pbysiciati and Surgeon, Evans' Milh, b. Otsego Co., 8. 1848, p. o. add. Kvaiis' Mills. Kellc-r. Ueiiben. Retired Fanner, b. Herkimer Co , Jf. Y., s. 1819, p. o. add. Evans' MilN. Keller, J.din. Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., t*. 1844, p.o. add. Elans' MiIIh. Keller, I>avid. Fanner, b. JelTrsoii Co., N. Y.,8. 1842, p. o. add. Kvans' Mills. Keller, Iriiac H., Ret. Fmr., b. Hurk. Co., N. Y , s. 1831, p. o. add. Ev^ms" Mills. LawioiH-e, Ji.culi, Farmer, b. Saiatogu Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p. o. add. Panielia Four Cornel's. Lawrence, Angevine, Farmer, b. Saratoga Co., N. Y., s. 1823, p. o. add. Evana* Mills. Liiry, Henry, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co.. N. Y., s. 1822, p. o. nd 1, ]i. o. add. Walertown. Lobdelt, Cbas.. Farmer and Daiiy liiitn, b. Ilel kinier i'o., N. Y., 8.18.:4, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Moslier, Leonard, Retired Farmer. Le Rayville, b. Albany, N. Y., s, 1810, p. o. Hdil, l.e Ka\vill^'- Mo.-bcr, :\Iartlia, Ketin-d Farmer, Le Rayville, b Saratoga Co., N. Y., b- 1822, p. o. add. Le Rayville. Marsball, A. F.. I'ai. iUid .Mfr. of Rending Marbines, Black River, b. Jefferson Co.. N. Y., H, 18-J.\ p.o. add. Black River. Martin, W. S., Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., *. 1849, p. 0. add. Evans" Mills. Matte.«nii. C. S., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Otsego Co., N. Y., s. 1834, p. o. add. Siiiiford's Cormrs. Mever, Clias. J., Viideitaker and Dealer in Furnilnre, Evans' Mills, b. Lewla Co., N. Y., a. iSli'i, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Ostnin.ler, L. C., Fanner, b. JetTeinun Co.. N. Y.. s. 1849, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Paul, K. L.. Farmer, b. Herkimer ('■.., N . Y., s. 1H47. p. o. an, J 110, A.. Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N.Y..S.1S18. p. (j.ad.l. Black River. Rider, C. 0,, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.. 8. 1821, p. o.add. Sanford's Corners. Rogers, Wol. -\., Farmer. U. Jeffirson Co., N. Y., s. 1832. p. <». adtl. Evans' Mills. Scott, Lawrence, Manufacturer Li mbiirger Clieese and Farmer, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. 1842, p. o. add. Evans' Mil!-:. Slack, M. G., Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1819, j).o. add. SanfonPs Corners. Scoir. Reuben, Farnii r, b. Jeff, rson Co.. N. Y.,b. 181.'"i, p.o.Hfbl.Sanlonl'sC.irners. Stewart. Danford, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. 1820, p. o.add. Evans' Mills. Steiubilber. (i. W., Farmer, b. Jeffer, p. 0. add. Evans' Mills. Van Riacklin, Abrani, Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,8. 1820, p. o.add. Evans' Mills. Van Brackbn, Alex. II. (deceased >, s. 1810. Waddingbam, KianU, Ilanie-s .Manufacturer, Evans' Mills, b. England, 8. 1855, p. o. a.ld. Evans' Mdls. Warren, L. M.. Pn-priet-.r Lockport Mills, Black River, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8 IH.JC. p. o. atld. Black Itiver. Walntlb, Josepb, Manulnrtnrer Wiignns and Carriages, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 1S;17, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Walmth, I»aac, Farmer, b. Monrg'v Co., N. Y., s. 1824, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. Wafiil, Henry J , Farmer, b. Jeffern'on Co., N. V, c. I«;i7. p. o.add. Le Rayvdie. We. li. Aiis'Ti, FariiKT, b. .Ii. Y., 8. 1838, p. o. add. Evans' Mills. LORRAINE. Adams, W. M., CliceBo-niuker, b. Jeff. Co., N. T., 8. 1840, p. o. add, Lorraine, llailey, Henry, Farmer and U. S. Loan Coininlssiotier, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1821, p. o. add. Adam8. Babcorli, / It, I'hvNteian and Surgeon, b. Keliseelaer Co., N. T., 8. 1823, p, o. add. l,..rniiiie. Brown, II. iii.v M., Land (Ovrier and nnjker, b. Jefferson Co., N, Y,, s. 1830, p, o. add. I.iiri'aine. llisliop, .Miv. .1. K., Billow of llie late Hev. J, K. Ui.liop, l>, Jeffcnwu Co., N, Y., 8. 181(1, p. o. add. I.ormine. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 587 nartlett, J. 11., Fjirnutr and Dairyman, b. Jeffenjoii Co., S. Y., 8. 184G, p. o. add. BttincB, ('. .(., Fiirincr and Pruduce Deiilur, b. JufTeraon C'n.. N. Y., s. 184J, p. o. li'ld. rii-ricpiiiir IMaiior. Hailiy. Cal-h, Fur r. I.. .Iffft-r-foii Ci)., N. Y., 8. IHil, p. o. add. Maiinavillc. Itiiiilcit, <'ti iiu-t>,v !>., Fanner and l)aii->mati, b. Uiiuldu Cu., M. Y., s. liS-J'J, p. o. add. Lorniim*. 1'haHii, V. W.. Farmer, b. J.-nVrton Co., N. Y., «. lH:ifi, p. o.add. Adams. Curiiwcll, A. K., FaniKT and i>airynian, b. Jidl'eiiiuii Ci»., N. Y.,8. 1844, p.o.add. Adanii. (Jaulkiii-', U. A., Farinor and ^.lirymaii and Asso^sor, b. Jcffi'r-:oii Co., X. Y., s. is;;:i, p. o. add. Lorniiii<*. Fox, fii'oi-;;^ A., Farmer, Uairvman, and Cbcest-makor, b. Jt-ffenjon Co., N. Y., a. 1S14, p. o. a'Id. Lorniior. Fit/j:''rald, J. W., Fai inrr, b. Jfff'Twoii Cak, N. Y., t». \MX p. o. aild. Lorraine. (JardiiiT, Simtii'l D., FarouT. Ip. Itorksbiro, m. Islj, p, o, atbl. Man'i«ville. Uardtn-r, 11. .\., Farniyr and Chucisu-makui', b. JuflTLTsun Co., N. Y., a. 184G, p. o. add. Marintiviilu. tliUctt. .\. H.. Cbw'f-rnakiT, b. Ji-ffi-nion Co., N. Y., s. 1S41, p. o. ad I. Lorraine. L 'Wory, Lon-ri/.o, Karniwr and Dairyman, b. Ji'irur:ion Co., N. Y., 8. 1SI.\ p. v. aihl. Maiitts%'i]|«>. Lamsuri. K. K., FarnuT and Dairyman, b. JcfTnion Co., N. Y., «. 18 19, p, o. add. PiiTrcpiml Manor. Moon-. <'. ('.. .MiTdiant and Supervi-ior, b. Warron Co., N. Y., 8. \MG, p. o. add. Iiorraim*. (Hils, .K-ronn- K .. Farmer, b. Cayupa Co., N. Y., «. \H\% p. o. add. Pb-rropont Manor. I'unaoy, H. 11., F.truicr and D.tirym in, b. .Icft'i-r.'ion i\i., N. Y., w. lJ*-i(J, p. o. add. Adams. I'riest, AUonsii I)., FaruuT and Dairyman, b. JflTiTwon iU)., N. Y., b. IKT)."!, p. o. add. WoitlivilU-. Wisi', [►.mild, Farm(;r( retired), b. OrU-ana, Vt., s. ISllt, p. n. miil. L'trr.iinn. Wilcox. J. U., Fliiiir- and Crist-niilld. b. JftTcnion C-o., N. Y.,». 18:^0, p. o. add. Ijorntini*. Woolwiiitli, Win., Farmer and D.itryumn, b. Lewie Co., N. Y.,«. 1842, p. o. add. Ad:inis, \V\>oI\vurtli, Mrs. Wni., b. Lewis Co., N. T.. 9. IS4i, p. o. add. Adams. LYME. AngL'U, 1). \V.. Fiiniipr nnil Dairynmii, Lyme, U. Otsego Co., N. Y., a, 1822, p. o. mill. I'oinl lVtijii;mIu. Atwootl, Cliu'*. \V., KiirriiiT iiiul Diiiryiiiuii, Lyme, b. Jcfforsoii Co., N. Y., 8. 1840, |i. (I. iiihl. ('liiiiini(M)t. Arni;slr"ii{5, Win. A., Kiirtii.T iiinl I)iiirym;in, Lyme, I). Jeffe.'son Co., X. Y., 8. IS'lli, p. i>. lllM. CluiUIIKMlt. Iliiul, UmM. r., Kmi ;in. ii.l.l. Tlir.'c-Mile liay, lii'iliiiiier, Hiifvcv, FitriDLT iinil Diiiiyiiiiin, Lyme, b. Fulton Cj., N. Y., 8. 1854, p. u. mill. Point IV'iiinsiilii. Beckfi. -Iifhii. Fjirmcr iiinl Diiirymiin, Lyme, b. Montguiilery Co., N. Y., s. l&Jo, p. (I. Il.l.l. Tlliv.-Mrle ll;iy. llloilget, Wm, .1., Itiliriil L iku CapUiiTi, Lyme, b. JetTersuii Co., N. Y., 9. 1805, p. II. Itllll. ('IlillllllUllt. Copley, llir.im, .M.iiitiliiclil:'er of Lnm'ier, Slittlfllesi, Stiver, Stone, etc., Cbau- iiii'iit, li. .leflui-S'in Co., N. Y., H. IS.J.'), p. II. ailil. Cluiiimuiil. Crmnli. \V , Miller, Cbuumoiit, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. Isio, p. o. aild. Cbuu- IllOllt. Grouse, tJen., Kurmer iiml Dairyman, Lyme, b. Mmitgoniery Co., N. Y., s. 185(5, p. o. ail.l. Three-Mile li^y. Cole, Isiuie \ , Farmer ami Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., B. 184:i. p. o. ailil. Three-Mile liay. Collitui, Lyman, Farmer anil Dairynian, Lyme, b. Otsego Co., N. Y., B. 182-^, p. o. a-lii. J'liiiil IVniii-ula. Cooley, C. II., Farmer aiel Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1821, p. o. ikI 1. I'liiiit r'-niii-iila. Dewey, .\. -L, De.iler in I'roilnre, Fiih, etc., Cliaumont, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. l.'tlii, p. o. ailil. Ciiinmoiit. Enos, W. W., (ieneial SLn lianiline and P. 51., Chanmont, b. Jeffersin Co., N. Y., s. 18 18, p o. ailil. ('lianmont. Rmpie, ChiiH., Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Fnlton Co., N. Y., s. 18.J5, p. o. add. Three- Jlile Hay. Kndues, Nelson L., Farmer ami Dairvman, Lyme, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 8. 18W, p. ... add Point IViiMnnli." Fisher, (.Jen. W., Farming and Fishing. Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 9. 1844, p. o. luhl. Chaniiiont Fisher, Elien .S., Farming and Fishing, Lyme, b. Jeff.'reiin Co., X. Y., s. 1818, p. o. add. Chanmnnt. Fox, Jiicob, Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jeffei-son Co., N. Y., 6. 1838, p. o. a I.I. Thre-.Mil" liny. Frv, Ihirman. Farmer and Diiryman, Lyme, b. Montgomery 0>., N. Y., P. 18HG, P.O. add. Thr.-e Mile Hay. Flander.1, Jeremiah, Farmer and Dairvnian, Lyme, b. Montgomery Co., N. Y'., 8. 18 I", p. o. add. Three-Mile Ilaj-. Failing. Jiilin P., Fanner ami Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jeffei-son Co,, X. Y., s. 1844, p. o. a.ltl. Point Peninsula, tlil.bins, Tims., Farmer, Lyme, li. Lister Co., X. Y., s. 18'2fl, p o.aild. Chanmnnt. lietman, .\. A., Phvsieian and Surgeon, Chaumont, b. .leffera.m Co., X. Y., s, I8.M, p. ...a.l.i I'li.inn t. C.aige, I... Kelired, Chaiuniint, li. Otwgo C^j., X. Y., s.I82n, p. n. add. Chanmont. Onde, (J. -11. H.. Farmer an-l Dairyman, L\me, b. Fnlton Co., N. Y., s. 1827, p. o. add. Thre.-.Mile ll.iy. (ielman, Frederirk, Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Herkimer Co., X. Y.,8. 1839, p. o. add. P.iiiit Peninsula. Cietman, Chrhtopher, Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Montgomery Co., X. Y., s. 18.17, p. o. add. Chanmont. Horton, Le Uay I)., Farmer, Lyme, b. Delaware Co., X. Y., 8. 1810, p. o. add. Chaiimiint. Horton, Henry, Farmer, Lyin •, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1814, p. o. add. Chau- m .nt. llerriek, Geo. E.. Farmer and Dairyman, Lvme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1834, p. o. a.ld. Tliree-Mile Uay. Horton, K. E , Dealer in (^en.'ral ^lerchaudise, Chaumont, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 's. 184'.), p. o. add. Cliaum.int. H.irtoTi, (1 ■.ir;ii.. Farmer, Ch.inmonf, b. Delaware Co.. X. Y., 9. 180ti, p. o. add. Chaumont. Uowett, I), v., Piop'ietor Central Hotel, Lvme, b. Jefferson-Co., N. Y., 9. 1831, p. o. aiM. Tliri..-Mile H;iv. U lyes, James S,, Fa m.-r an.l Dairyman, Lyme, b. Fnlton Co., N. Y., s. 1349, p. o. ad.l. Tlir..i-Mile Dav. H.irringloii, David, Farmer, Lym-, b. Herkimer Co., X. Y., s. 1847, p. o. add. t'liauiii'int. Houghton, Haiiii t.in. Farmer and L;me Burner, Lyme, b. Vermont, s. 1830, p. o. ad.l. Chaumont. Ilentz, Levi. Farmer and Lima Burner (deceased), Lyme, b. Verninnt, fl. 1812, p. II. ad.l. (.'liaum.int. Hentz, (.(..rar. Farni.'r. Lyme, li. .leffi-rsnn Co., N. Y., «. 1841, p. o. aild. Chaumont. Jewett, IL W., Pliysirian an.l Surgeon, Cltaiiuiunt, b. Oneida Co., X. Y., 8. 18o5, p. o a. I I. Cll linn .lit. Kin.slev, .hilin, Fanner and Dairvnmn, Lyme, b. Otsego Co., X. Y., 9. 18:t7, p. o. li.bl. Three-Mile Uiy. Kinsley, (.'has.. Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Otsego Co., X. Y., 8. 1837, p. o. ad.l. Th e.-Mile May Kn ipp, C. M.. Farm.-r and Diiryman, Lyme, b. Jefferson (^., X. Y.,8. 1818, p. o. add. <'liauni..iit. Lindsley, Daiil. II., Farmer and Dairyman, Ljme, b, Fulton Co., X. Y'., 8. 1839, p. o. ad.l. Chaumont. Larue, Win., Farmer, Lyme, b. Montgomery Co , X. V., s. 183.'t, p. o. aild. Point Peninsula. Moore, Eiiward It . Farmer and l>airyman, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1H44, p. II. iuld. Point Pen nsilla. MePherson, C. I'nderlaker an.l Dnigs, Cliaumont, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y'., 8. 18 {li. p. o. add. Chaumnnt. Main, Joshua, ItiTied Lake Captain, Lyme, b. Herkimer Co., X. Y., ». 1824, p. o. a.ld Cha int. Xorlhiiip, Wm., Farmer, Lvme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. IB.'iJ, p. 0. add. Three- Mile Mav. Xorthinp, John, Farmer, Lyme, b. Saratoga ('o., X. Y., 8. 1818, p. o. add. Thne. Mile Hay. Xugent, Letter. Farmer and Cooper, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 18.32, p. o. add. ('liaum.int. Phillips, .I.ihn L.. Fanner, Lyme, b. Jeff rson Co., N. Y., 8. 1818, p. o. add. St. I.av( rence. Philli]is, Alim., Farmer, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y , s. 1S23, p. o. add. Threc- .•Mile Itay. Pennoik, (^eo. W., Farmer, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1813, p. o. add. Cliau- m int. Parker, Chiis., Physeian and Surgeon, Lyme, b. Jeffeis.in Co., X. Y., s. 18'20, p. o. add. Three-Mile Hay, Ponnork, David .L, Farno-r and Dairyman, Lvme, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18;J3, P.O. add. T ir.-i-Mile H.iv. Putnam, Aan.n, Farmer an.l Dairyman, Lyme, b. Montgomery Co., X. Y., a. la;l.'i, p. o. a.1.1. iV.int Peninsula. Killer, .l.isej.li. Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme. b. Otsego Co., X. Y., s. 1828, p. o. a.lil. Chauniont. lleed, D. n., Pr prietor Reed Hotel, Chaumont, b. Jefferson Co , N. Y^., 9. I83:t, )i. 11. ailil Clianmoiit. Eider, K. 11.. Farmer (deceased), Lyme, b. Jefferson Ck)., X. Y^., s. 18PJ, p. o.add. Cliauinont. KicketiB, Chas. (i.. Farmer, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 18:13, p. o. add. Thr Mile Biy. Schuyler, Danl. .1., Dealer in Oenenil Merchandise, Lyme, b. Montgomery Co., X. v., s Ls;l.=,, p. o, a.ld. Threi.-Mile Bav. Seller, Aar.iii, Farmer, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18.38, p. o. add. Three- Mil.- Hay. Taft, J. W , FiiniiPV and Dairyman, Lime, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1844, ji. o. a.ld. Three-Mile Hay. Taft, O. C, Retired. Lv me, b. Vennont, s. 1824, ]i. o. add. (^hauniont. Tliomps.in. Pembroke S., Farmer, Lyme, b. Jefleis.m (v'o., N. Y., s. 1834, p. o, a.ld. ChaniiHint. Wilcox, (). S., Dealer in fleneral Merchandise, Chaumont, b. Jefferson Co., X. l ., s. 18-13, p. o. add. Cliaumont. Wheeler, Menzo, Deab-r in Geni-nil Merchandise, Lyme, 1,. Windsor, Yt., «. 18-.il, p. o. a.ld. Three-Mile Bay. Walrad C. B., Physie-aii and Surgeon, Lyme, li. Schoharie Co., X. Y., s. I8.if., p. II. ad.l.Thie.-Mile Bay. Wilcox, J. M., Farmer and Dairyman. Lyme, b. JLmtgomery Co., X. Y., s. 1834, p. o. add Three-Mill- liay. Wright, (ieii , Fanner ami Dairyman, Lyme, b. Oneida Co., X. Y., 9. 18;i8, p. o. add. Tliree-Milo Bav. Wilcox, A 11., Farmer and Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y^., 8. 1820, p. o. a.ld. Point Peninsula. Welle, 5L L., Farmer iinl Dairyman, Lyme, b. Jefferaon Co., X. Y., a. 18-23, p. o. add. Three-.Mile B.iy. ORLEANS. Biddleeom, R. B., Farmer an.l Jl. i. li.ul ami Kx-Member Assembly, li. Oneida Co., X. Y., 9. 18:1 1. p. .1. add. La Kargevlllo. Budlong,*;.. Fanuer(retireil),b. Herk.Co., N. V ,». 1840, p. o.add. laiFargeville. Bu.Uoiig, Catharine, Farmer (retired), b. Herk. Co., N. Y., a. 18:i0. p. o. add. L» F.irg.-ville. Bolt, Frederirk, Pliy-ieian, b. fiermany, 9. 18.''i7, p. n. add. iM Fargeville. Barlow. Wm. J., Farmer, b. J.-ff..r8.in C.i , X. Y., s. 1810, p. o. add. Orleans Cor. C4illiiis. Jas. L.. Farmer, b. Jefferaon Co., N. Y., ». 181.% p. o. add. Stone Mills. Collins, Joseph. Farmer, li. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 18117, p. o. add. Onnir. Collins, Mary JL. Fanner, d.iughtor of E. and H. Eddy, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. Isii'T. p. o. ad.l. (imar. Collins. J. B., Prop. Omar Cooiiershop, b. Jefferson Co., X. T., 9. 18*), p. o. add. Omar. Collins. Enii-linc, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1840, p. o. add. Omar. Edmonds, B. D., F.irmer, h. Jefferson C.i., X. Y.. s. 1810. Everett, Hniinar.1, Firmer and Supervisor, b. Jefferson C^J , X. Y'., 9. 1807, p. o. add. Stone Mills. Eckert, (Jen., F'armer, Weaver while in Germany, b. Germany, «. 184G, p. o. add. La Fargeville. ,. , „ Ei-kert, E., Farmer, b. Lewis Co., X. \ ., s. 1822, p. o. add. Iji Fargeville. Evans, .\bner H. f deceased i. b. Lewis Co.. N. Y., ". 181.'>. Evans, Clarisa, Fanner (retired), b. Jefferson Ci)., N. Y., B. 1818, p. o. add. La Fargeville. , , , ^ .„ Furst, Juo., JLisiin and Farmer, b. Ger., a. 18"ill, p. o. add. La Fargeville. Fiirst, Mary. b. Ger..8. IS'.l, p. o. add. La Fargeville. F.ot P K , Farmer, b. Jeffer-on Co., X. Y., s 1S2.-.. p. n. add. La Fargeville. Fult-1 David. Fann.-r, b. Jeff. C-i.. X. Y.. «. isiin, p. ... add. Orlea-is O.rnem. Fults Michael. Fanner. 1.. Jeff Co , X. Y., ". 1812, p. ... add. Orleans Corners. Fult«, Margaret. Fanu-r, b. Herk. Co., X. Y.. s. 184:;, p. o. add. llrl.-ans C..rn.-r9. Fonl A.,Farmer(retiredl, b. Monlg. (;..., N. Y.s. 18:»i. p. o.add. Orleans Corners. Fol-il.S.. Farmer (relln-d'.b. Oneida Co.. S. Y.,s. lS:t|-., p. o.iul.l. Orleans Corners. Ford, W. F., .\ttoniey and Counselor-at-Law, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., 9. 18:18, p. o.add. Foils Simon, Firmer, b. Herk. Co., X. Y., a. 18-20, p. o. add. Iji Fargeville. Folts .line. Farmer, b. Herkimer Co., S. Y., 8. 18:14, p. o. aild. La Fargeville. Gates, S. W.. Farmer and B. R. Agt., b. Ji ff. Co., X. Y., s. 1810, p. o. add. U Farttoville. Gray, Saul.. Farmer and Chocao Mnfr., b. Hi-rkinur Co., K. Y., e. 18i:6, p. o. add. Orleans Corners. 588 HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Gray, I-mcv, Fjirmor ami Clit-rsp Blnfr., b. Oswego Co., N. Y., s. 182.'», p. o. add. Orlcaii- (.Vuln-ns. Oni.v, Klijuli (clHifnsfd). Gariock, lluiatf, FailniT anil Cheese Jlnfi-.. l*. IIc, Jiuob. FariMcr. b. Jloiitg. Co.. N. Y., s. lli;:2, Ji. o. add. Orb-ans Corn.M-8. Hoiisf, Geo., Farmer, b. Jeffereun Co., K. Y., s. 1.S27, p. n. add. Orb-aii8 Coiner*. IloMoway. ^., Fariiii-r. b. St. Lawrenee Co.. X. Y., 8. lS4;i, p. o. aibl. Omar, Irwin. \Vtii. I!., JLreliaiit, b. Omn);e Co., N. Y., a. 1821, p. o. add. .St.>ne Mills. lr« ill, .Inc., M,i. Iianl, b. .lelV reoii Co.. X. Y., p. ... add. Sb.rle JlilN. Kn gilt, .M. v.. Hotel I'ropr , I.. .li'D'erson ('o., N. Y., ». l'4il, p. o. add. Omar. Kloek, Klijali. Farmer, b. Ilerk in.r Co., N. Y., s. lS:i7, p. ... ad.l. La Fargeville. Kloek, Kinil.v. Farmer, b. Dbio, s. 18.-,7, p. o. aibl. Li Fargeville. Kl.i.k, .1. .\.. Farmer, b. H.-rkiiin-r Co., N. Y., s. Is;i7, p. .,. a.M. Orleans Corner..*, l^nek*, Walter, Prop. .Saw- and Sbingle-in.ll, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. 184:i, p. o. ail. I. l.a F.irgeville. Loncks, An.lrew M., Farmer, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., s. 1842, p. o. add. Orleans Corners. Mulhern, liev. 1>. S., Pasb.r Regl. Raptiat Churcli siiuc 1874, b. Ireland, s. 1874, p. o. a.bi. La Fargevilb-. Mai^li, lie... I'.. Mi-.liaiiii', aii.l l'r..]i. Saw-and Grisit-mill, b. Jefferson Co.,N. Y., s. 18111, p. ... a.l.l. Stone Mills. Marsli. I!, 1! , Farni.r, b llirkim.'r Co., N. Y., s. 18".". p. o. add. La Fargeville. Marsb. M. M.. Fai nier. b. Jeffer-on Co., N. Y.. e. I84II, p. o. a.bl. La Fargeville. McKtiil.M', Mi.'b.iel, Farmer and Sailor, b. Jeffertion Co., N. Y., 8. 1848, p. o. a.ld. ClaM.in. MeKinl.-v, Klla, Fainier, b. .leff.Tson Co., N. Y.. R. 18.'.7, p. o. ad.l. Clavton. Na-h, .l.'l,., Fa mer, b. .IeHei^..n C..., X. Y., s. 180-, p. o. ad.l. La Fare.-ville. Xasli. K., F;irni.-r, b. Ilerk nier Co., X. Y.. .. 182:i, p. o. add. La Fargeville. Sew I I. S.. F.iniier, I.. Warri'ii Co , N. Y., «. IK'.l. p. o. a.ld. Omar. Newt..n, Mary, Farmer, 1.. .b'fl.'i-son Co., X. Y., s. 18:;'.P, p. o. a.l.l. Omar. Nellis, M. W., Fa-iiier, b. Hirkiln.-r Co., N. Y.. s. 184.">, p. o. add. Stone Mills. N.dii-, Margaret, Farmer, 1.. H.ikiiii.-r Co., X. Y.. s. 18-;.^, p. o. a.ld. St. me Mills. I'etrie, S.inlbnl, Farmer an. I Treas. of Wall Street Cheese-Factory, b. Herkimer C..., N. y., «. ls4il. p. o. a.l.l. La Fargev lie. Pelrie. Hani.ab, Fanner, b. Jeft rd..n Co., N. Y., s. 182.'., p. o.ad.l. La Fargeville. I'r.est, Albert, Farmer, b. .leliei-ion Co., N. Y., ». 1824, p. ... aibl. La Fiirg.'ville. Pr.est. H.rl.eit II., Farmer and Teaulier, b. Jeffeisoii Co., X. Y., s. 1(;5.1, p. o. ad.l. La F.irgeville. l'att.-r-..n, Fr.inklin, Farmer (retired), b. Jeflerson Co., X. Y., s. 1814, p. o. add. Omar. I'attejtion. Christiana, Farmer, b. Germany, s. 18;J1, p. o. add. Omar. Ib.ltiers. .Inn., Fngra vert .leeeaseih, b. Uelgiiim, s. 1824. H.dt.-re, Itutli, Farmer, b. Jel). Co., X. Y., .s. 182", p. o. add. La Fargeville. liee.l, Sarii-, Farm.'r, b. .let). C..., X. Y., s. 18.'ni, p. o. ad.l. Fi-bers Lan.ling. Hee.l, .Marv .1.. F.irin.-r, b. .leH. Co., X. Y., s. 18,i4, p. ... ad.l. Fi.shers Landing. li..bi>on, Walt.-r, Fanner, b. Seotbind, 8. I8;t8, p. o. a.ld. Omar. K.diison, K., Farmer, b. St. L. ('o., X. Y., 8. I8:)2, p. o. aild Omar. S1I.-.I.I, Alonzo, Fill ni.-r, b. Jell'. C., X. Y., 8. 18:12. p. o. add. La Fargeville. 8. hell, J. M., I'roli. Sbiiic Mills Clieese-Faetory, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., s. l.S4r., |i. o. a.bl. Stone .MilN. Seh. II, 1>. IL. Prop. Stone Mills Cheese-Factory, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., s. 18J:l, ji. o. ad.l. Stone .Mill". Sm th, Wm. C., F.irlm-r, b. Oneida Co., X. Y., s. 18:B. p. o. ad.l. La Fargeville. Snell, A. J , Farmer, b. Ilerk. Co., X. Y., s. 18.w, p. .. a.l.l. La Fargeville. Sargent, Win., Fanner, b. Kng., 8. 1822, p. o. a.ld. La Fargeville. .Sargent. K.. Fanner, b. II. -rk. C..., X. Y., ,s. 1824, p. ... a.bl. La Fargeville. Sblmni.-ll, (',, Farmer, b. Ilerk. Co., X. Y., 8. 18111, \i. o.aild. I'aln. lia. Slii 1.11, M,, Farmer, b. Ilerk. C..., X. Y.. s. 181(1, p. o. add. I'lim. lia. Sargent, K. T., Sler.hint an. I I'. M., b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., ]>. ... a.ld. llrl.Miis Cors. Sa. gent, 11. F., Finiier, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y.,s. 1837, p. o. a.ld. Orleans Cors. Sliiitli, Simon, Fanner, b. .Montg. Co., X. Y., p. o. a.bl. La Fargeville. Smith, K., Fanner, b. J. ff. C..., X. Y., s. 1824, p. o.add. La Farg.-ville. Sinilli, Alnia, Farmer, b. J.-ff. Co.. X. Y., .«. llti:!, p. o. add. La Fargeville. Sniitli, Ib.bt., Jr., Fai iil-r, b. ,Ieft. (>•., X. Y., s. 1828, p. o. a.ld. La Fargeville. Seliollenberg, C. P., Farm.-r, b. Germany, s. 1847, p. o. ad.l. Fishi-r's Landing. Sidiolleiib. rg, C, F.irliier, b. (-ierniaiiy, «. 18:17, ji. o. add. FisherV Landing. Sargent, Mrs. L., Fainer. b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., ». 1821, p. o. a.bl. La Fargeville. Timerman, W. II., Farm.-r. b. Ilerk. Co., X. Y., 9. 18:1:1, p. o. add. Orleans Cora. Timerman, U., Farmer, h. .lelV. Co., X. Y., ». 18.111, p. o. add. Orl.'ans Cors. 'I'im.'rninn. (i. F., Farm.-r, b. li.-rk. Co., X. Y., s. 18:14, p o. a.l.l. Oi leans Cors. Web b, C., Karni-r, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., s. 18112, p. o. add. Fi.-lier's Landing. Weleli, II. K., Farmer, b. Ohio, p. o. a.ld. La Fargeville. Wlialey, Win., Fanii.-r, b. Ilerk. Co., X. Y.. 8. 18:1:1, p. o. add. La Fargeville. Walts, l.'has. ide.eiise.l l, b. Stenb.-n Co., X. Y., s. IS24. Watts, Eliza, Fanner, b. Uradlord, Pa., s. 1832, p. o. add. La Fargeville. PAMELIA. Augsbiiry, ryruH, Rolirfi] FniiiaT, h. JvUvnun Co., N. Y., H. 182fi, p. o. iiiM. I'hiih' ill I'diir ("orticif*. AtiHliii. «;. II , KiirunT. I.. Jrtr. r..., N. Y.. s. mm, p. o «d)I. Watortown. l^iuni-H, On-ii, KiiiiiiiT. I>. Jeff (\i., N. Y., s. 1819, p. o. utiil. ruiiu-liu Fuur Corn's. B.iriii-H, Awi kU'lM , \f. OlH-ti.*> <'ii., N. Y., h. ISUI. Itt-iitii.', S. \., FHrnuT, h. Wa-h. Co., N. \'.,s. In.^i?, p. o. odd. Sanford Corn'ij. KcaltH-. Alrx. Mli-c'd , k Wm\i. C,.., N. V., s. IM;"^?. Itmdli-.v, (j. airv, b. Wusliington Co., b. 18UG, p. o. add. Wjlt.Tt-.WII. Conlryniiiii, li. II., Fiirnipr, and i^Iannfiirliircrof WaK"n!»,Carim};c8, ttc, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., «. IK"i*i, p. M, add. Panii'liii Konr CornurM. CoiivirHc, II. 1)., I-iiiin' T. b. .b*n. Ci... N. Y., m. I»:i;i, p. fi. add. Wiilci town. ('■•nvt-nti'. Iliniiii. Kit'd. Far., b. lln'-ida Co.,N'. Y., «. 18ljCi, p. o. add. Watntown. Ckdp, S. I'.. Fai ni-r, b. JotT. Co.. N. Y., 8. 184 1. (%»b', l.j)\viiii) (dui-iiift<-di, Ib'iiiiiimloii, Vl., K. 18^2, p. n. add. AVatcrtown. Cuntryiian. W. M., FarnitT and Dairyman, b. JilT. Co., N. Y., b. 1»<4", p. o. adil. \Vt>t*ii'>wii. (^intryman..l"hii II., FarnM-r nntl Dairyman, b. JoIT. Co., N. Y., 8. 18:;4, p. o.add. rann-lia Fimr CunuT-. C4iuitlr>ni. lubl. I'aiiii'lia Four ('orneis. Countryman, (irurtre, Fainn-r and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 18;i7, p. o. add. Tanii-lia Knur Corners. De Ijonj.', Fred., FarnuM'. b. .Ictl. Co., 8, 1S4-*, i>. o. add. Watertown. KIl.suMrlb. Will.. Far. and Diiiijnian. b. .b-ft. Co.. h. 1S42. p. o. adii. Wati-rtown. Kddy. U. ('., Fiirin'-r and Dairyman, b. Jeff, (.'o., f. lt<-.i(i, p. o.add. Wateitnwn. Fuiiner, (leo. A.. Fai nier and A&seaeor, b. St. Lawrence Co., 8. 18,">4, p. o. add. \Valerti>\vn. Fulbi , Jlrs. F. J.. Farmer, b. Jeff. Co.. N. Y , 8. 184.1, p. o. »dd. Watcrtown. Fuller. K. 11., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1842, p. o. add. Wal.-rti.wn. (ioubl, D.iiiiel. Fanner nnees*or, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y'., 1S3;1, p. o. add. WaleitoHii. Ilowland, 4_l/.ial. died ISTii, aged seventy-six years, b. R. I,, e. ISdl. Kimball, (Jeo. H., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 1845, p. o. add. Watertfiwn. Kndi-r, .b»hn G, Cheosc Maker, Watertown, b. Gcrmai:y, 8. 1858, p. o. add. Waterinwn. Lawyer, L., Market Ganiener, Walorlown, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y'., 8. IKJl, p. o. add. Wat.-itowii. Myrick, A. K., Kee|peri>f Jefferson Insane Asylum, Watortown, b. Jeff. Co., N.Y., 1^57. p. i>. add. Wat.'itnwn. Mills, lh-.\l.-i , Farmer, I.. .Fell. Co., N. Y'.. IS49, p. o. add. AVaterlnwn. MilU. II., Kann-raiid D.niyman, b. Ji-ff. Co.. N Y'., lJ^21, p. o.add. Walertown. 51ix. Iv. Farmer and Dair^ man, b. ilontgomery (_!o., N. V., s. 1822, p. o. add. Watcrtciwn. Mix, Mrs. K., Farming and Dairy, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y'., s. IS^tO, p. o, add. Wiitertuwu. Makcp'Mce, l-jilinti. Farmer, b. Jeff. O'., N. Y'., 1810, p. o. add. Watertown. Mnyt-r. D. F., Carria^H Mnlr., Guuld's Cors., h. Jelt". Co., N. Y'., I8.*»t>, p. o. add. I*am>lia Four Coiners. Mnrrow, Alex., Fanner and Da rynian. b. Ireland, s. 1847, p. o.add. Watertown. Moriow, >lr.s. Alex., Farming and Dairy, b. Iieland, s. 1847, p. o. add. Watert-iwn. Niehids .\u-liTi, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Fairfield, Conn., 8. 181-*<, p. o. add. Wati-rtowii. Osborn, .I-mes, Farmer and Dairyman, also Ak'*"* for the Complete Washer and Univ.i.sal Wrinyer, I-. One'ida C..., X. V.. s. IslS, j). o. a, b. J.-ff. Co., N. Y'.. 182)». Sawdy, IJ. C.. Farmer and Dairyman, b. Ol*tego Co., N. Y., 8. 1835, p. o. add. I'ann-lia Four Corners. Scovill, .btlm, Fanner ami Dairyman, al'O Proji, ofSeoviirs Hotel, Military Cor., h. Jctl. Co., N. v.. 1S12, p. ... a.bl. Wat,-rl..wn. Stevens. Ma' tin, Farnn-r, b. Jeff. I'o., N'. Y., I>. p. o.a.bl. Wat.-rtown. Walts, Fn-d. S . Farmer and Scln.ol-Teacher, b. Jell". Co., X. Y., 18M, i.. o. add. Watertuwii. PHILADELPHIA. .\blri.-b, M. E., P. M. and Drags and Medieini'S, b. Jellerson Co., N. Y., B. lS-12, p. o.a.bl. I'bibi.b-lpl.ia. All s, ll.-xl.-r. Far ■, b. Li-«is Co., X. Y., 8. 1,-141, p. o. add. Philadelphia. Allen, William. K.irmer (ileeeaaed , b, Masw.. a. 1K17. Allen, Havi.l. l-'.iniier and Dairyiiiali, b. Jefferson O., N. Y., B. lS2n, p. o. add. Pliihol.lplra. Allen, A. K.. Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y'., s. m20, p. 0. ad.l. Philadelphia. Allen, Il.-tlini.-l, F.irmer and Pairyman, b. Clinton Co., N. Y., s. 1«42, ji. o. add. I'biliob-lpliia. Allen. U.-iij.. Firmer and Dairyman, b. Clinton Co., N. Y., 8. 1842, p. o. add. IMiilad.'liibia. Ilaker, /. 1-1., Far r I'deeea-i'd), b. Oneida Co., N. Y., 8. IRW. llak.-r, Mi^. U . Farming and Dairv, h. Sal-atoga Co., S. Y., 8. 1827, p. o. add. l'bila.b-l|ilila. Ill-own. llenrv. Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1S27, p. o. add. Philadell.liia. Bunni-ll, Wm.. Fanner and Dairyman, b. Lewis Co., X. Y., s. 1S42, p. o. add. Pliibolelphia. llenn.'tt, Mi-xti-r, Farmer and Itiiiryman, b. Lewis Ci., N. Y., s. 1S42, p. o. ndd. Pliila.lelphia. Baxter. \. .1.. Farnn-r and Dairyman and Carpenter and Joiner, b. Jefferson Co.. X. Y., ». l,s:i-2, !>. o.add. l"'liila.bl|diia. Ilaker, Perry. Farm. -n. ml Sp.-.iibitor Hb-i-easedi, b.IIorkllniT Co..X. Y., ». IM.I. Ilak.-r, Mib.'n. Fanner ami Dairying, b. Jeffotlion Co., N. Y., n. Ilt4i;, p. o. add. I'liilaib-ll'liia. Cas.-, <;. J.. Taiiii.-i. b. St. Lawii-nce Co., N. Y., B. 1S44, p. o. ndd. Philailel|>hia. Coni-t.a-k. Ani..ii. Farmer and Dairying, b. Oneida Co., N. Y., a. 1»41, p. o. a.ld. Pliila.lelphia. Child. Jos. H.. Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,8. IftT. p. o..add. Slerlingvlb-. ChibI, Oliver, Snrvi'y..r an. I D.-aler in Iteal (jitate, b. Jeffeison (."o., X. Y., 8. LSU7, p. ■'■ a.ld. Pliilad.li a. Coolldge, T. J.. Fanner and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., b. 18311, p. o. ndd. Philudelpliia. HISTORY OF JEFFERSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. 589 Cdoliiltfc., Alfr.il (ic-tiriHl), li. Ma.li'on Co., N. Y., k. 1819, p. o. Bilil. Walei-»o»n. C..X, It. 'l'., Kurni.T una O.iirjili^-, b. JcHlikou Co., N. Y., h. 1« 9, p. o. add. IMlillKll'IpllLI. riiild, A ircm i ri-tin-d I, li. Pt-tiiti^ylvillliu, «. ISnri. p. o. add. Plliladelphiil. riiilil, (ilivi-r A., Fiirii.LT luid D.iiryiiig, I). Juflunioii Co., N. Y., ». IftJl, p. o. add. Pliiliidi'lphi.i. Comstiii k, K. I)., K;iiiinT and Dairj'hiK, b. Ll-wU Co., N. Y,, a, 1841, p. o. add. Phil.id.'Iplilji. 0)uliil;i<*. ('. Iv, FiirtiuT and Dairying, 1>. Jefffl-Bun Co., N. Y., 8. 18:15, p. o. add. PJiiLKl.'Ipliia. Coni9t'riiii;;vill.-. Kvan«. (ivo. II., Kurnicr ami Dairjiiig, b. JilT. Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. aild. Slei- lihsvilk-. Fool, II .ndlry .1., Furmpr and D.iiiy, Ii. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1837, p. o. add. Pliila. FuIliT, Lor-ili, Farmt-r and Daiiying. 1>. Siir'a. Co., N. Y., 8. IKM, p. o. add. IMnla. iririrnihs, (io^i., .Ir., FarnuT and Daily, b. (Int. Co., X. Y,,8. IH.'i'i, p. o. aild. Pbila. llann.-di.s (i-o.. Sr. iretii\-di, b. Ir>-laiid, n. lS.'.i, \k o. add. Pbiladtdpliiu. Ilolbrook, Ili*nd., N. Y., 8. ISlll, p.... ailil. Pliila. l.:in.', II. S., M.D., Pliy8i.-ian an.l Snrg.'..n, b. M1018 ,8. 1808, p. o. a.ld. Phila. Mib-s K..l.t.. K.ini.or .ind Dairy, b. .(..ir. Co., N. Y., 8. IKffll, p. o. add. Phila. Matt.'.s..[i, <:iirl..-, FarnitT and Dairying, b. JflT. Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. ad.l. Sli'iliiiKVill... Jl.rri.k, .III... It.. FiiriniT an.l Dairying, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., B. 1835, p. 0. ad.l. Sli-rliiigvilli-. Miic.-..Tnli.r, A» 1 K . Notary Public, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y,, b. 18 14, p. o. aild. Pbila. M.X.il, Win. Mill.-r, li. .Iffler.-oii Co., N. V., ». ls:l:!, p. o. a.l.l. I'bilad.-lpb a. Noi nianilor, Lewis K., Fanner and Dairying, b. JutT. Co., N. Y., 8. 1820, p. o, add. Pliilailelpliiu. Potter, A. W., lln.l-rtaker and Cabinet-maker, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1827, p. o. iiil.i. l-bibulelpliia. P.iw.dl, Wni., Farmer i.li-c.'iised 1801), b. On.-i.ln C.)., N, Y. Powell. II it am. Farmer an.l Diiiiying, b. Jefft-njoli Co., N. Y'., 8. 1839, p. o. add. AiilM.-rp. Robert^, Josbiia, Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefforson Co., N. Y., 8. 1822, p. o. add. Pb la.lelpliia. Reed. Wil.b-r. Farmer and Dairying, b. Cniesliire, N. H., 8. 182(1, p. o. add. Ster- lingville. Reed, (liild--, Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 183:1, p. o. add. Slo I ngvilb-. Rouse, Cavloi-. D -al.T in General Mercban.lise, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 1842, p. o' a.l.l. I'li.lad.'lplia. Scoflid.l, D. II., I>.alei in lieucral Merchandise, b. .Saratoga, N. Y'., ». 1841, p. o. a.ll. Ph.lad.'lpllia. Stri.-klan.l, J. T. (Ptiii-dl. li. J.ff..l-s..n Co., N. Y., s. ISll, p. o. ad.l. Pliiladelphia. Slriiklaii.l. Tlios.. Far r and Daiiyiiig. b. I'a„ «. lMi7, p. o. a.l.l. Sro. lingville. tSIr.kl.iii.l. Kb.'r T.. Farmer an.l Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., s. 1847, p. o. a.l.l. .■^terhngville. .Sharon. ,liio.. D.-aler in General Morchiindise, b. Ireland, 8. 1821, p. o.iuld. Ster- liiiKvilb'. Slianiii. Luke, Ib-al.-r in General Meichaiulise, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., 8. 1830, p. ...a.l.l. SI.-ililiKVille. Stri.klaii.l. Will., Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., s. 1839, p. o. add. Phila.l.'lpliia. Stri.klaii.l. S.Mli, Farni.T (deei'iise.l). b. Pa., 8. 1807. Sir cUl.in.l. i\lahl..ii. Farmer (.le.ea.sed). b. Pa., h. 1807. Str . klan.l. Mary (reiire.h, b. Mass., ». 1814, p. o. add. Philadelphia. Seaman, Jam.-, Farmer anil Dairying, b. St. Lawrence Co., N. Y., s. 1847, p. o. a.l.l. Pbilad.'lpliia. Sweet, Henry II., Fanner and Dairying, b. Jeffei^son Co., N. Y.,B. 1323, p. o. add. Sterlingville. Sterling, S. ii , Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. V., 8. 1809, p. o. add. Sterlinmill... Scollten, C..rn.-liiis. Fanner and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 9. 1840, p. 0. a.l.l. IMiila.lelpliia. Sliortl, .liLs.. Farni.-r and Dairying, b. Ir.-!an.l, «. 1832, p. o. add. Sterlingville. Shiiitleff, .Mil... Fanner and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. I8US, p. o. a.ld. Pbila.bdpbia. Smith, T. II., Fanner and Dairying, b. Saratoga Co., N. Y., 8. 1830, p, 0. add. Pliilad.'Ipbia. Tucker, Geo, K., Farmer and Super^-isor, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 183.3, p. o. a.l.l. Philadelphia. Wood, Silas, Farmer and Dairying, b. Saratoga, N. Y*., s. 1824, p. o. add. Pliila- ib'lpbia. Vait. Sallv, Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8.1818, p. o. add. I'bila.l.'Ipliia. YVinn.'r, Daniel C., Farmer and Dairying, b. Canada, 8. 1824, p. o. odd. Evans' Mills. Wilson, Lyman, Farnn-r ami Dairying (deceased 1877), b. Vt., s. 1800. Wilson, Warr.Mi, Fanner and Dairying, b. .leffi-rson Co., N. \'., 8. 1827, p. o. add. Kv.ins' Mills. Wil.s..ii. Ili'iiry. Fanner (de.-eas..|l 1S73), b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 18119. ■\Vil.-on, Francis, Fanner and Dairying, b. Jefferson C'O , N. Y., s. 1844, p. o.add. I'bila.lelpbia Willsoii, JiKs., Farmer and Dairying, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 181 5, p. o. add. Pbila.l.'lpliia. YVbitiiey, W. ,M., Fanner, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., 8. 1827, p. o. add. Philadelphia. RODMAN. Barnry, B. L., Bu9in^^ss MjinnpT of II. Herring's Tannery, b. St. Ijawreiice Co., N. Y., p. 1^7^. p. o. jMlii. l^l:urvni;in, b. Jcffi-iiiini Co., N. V., 3. lS4»i, n. o. add. It.nlncin. Cooli-y,0. M., FluurinK-iiml Gri^t-Mill, b. jL-fferson Co., N. Y., 9. 18:10, p. o. mid. Jtoiliiuin. Corilcv, Kri. KiirmtT Jiml Pairyiiuin, b.Ji-ff. Co.. X, Y.. s. 1814, p. o. ndil. Rodman, (^iprun, M. N.. l*a--lur uf tln' M. K. Church, b. Utieiilii Co., N. Y„ s. 1877, p. o. add. Curtis, Siliis. K iriiK-r :uid Dairyman, b. JffToraon Co., N. Y., a. 1824, p. o. add. Kiist U.Kiiimn. Chifti'i. .\. Smith, Karnior iitnl Dairyui.in, b, Jeffi-raun Co., N. Y., a. IS'2.'), p. o. :idd. Aduiiis. Chafin, PanUd T., FarniiT and Dairyman, h. JclTcrson Co., N. Y., ». ISTrf), p. o. aild. .Vdanic. Cole, J«*iw, FarnuT and liairynian, b. .Jeff. C«>., X. Y., .'«. I>f24, p. o. add. lEoilman. Cob', C S., Farnn-r and Itairvnian. U. JctT. «*«., X. Y., s. l>Cin. p. o. u'ld. ItoihiMn. Cooley. G. V., Kjirnirr and Dairyman, b. Jeflunfun Co., N. Y., b. IMl, p. o. aild. lliidniati. Coolty, A. W., J.d. I'riiitrr, cU:, h. J.-ff. Co.. X. Y'., s. \fW, p. o. add. K.Miriian. Dean, (i. K., Fanner and Dairyman, b. Jt-rTfrHon Co., X. Y., s. IKII, p. <•. aild. K;utt Kudntan. D(*an, II. S., Faridi'r and Dairvnian, rostintnttfr, and .InHticv of the Pi^ace, b. J.-rienj..n Co.. X. v.. «. ixl^ p. u. a-bi. l-JiM IbMlniiui. Dodj;*', Win. S., Fai int*r and Duirynnin, b. Ji-n«Ti»on Co., X. Y'., b. 1820, p. o. nUU. Ea-ft Uodniui. Dye, Harry It.. Farmer and Dairyman, b. }jOwit 0»., N. Y., 8. 1837, p. o. add. Kuiliiiaii. GatL>», c;c(.rK(* v., F'ariiicr, Supervisor, imd JuBlice of the Peace, b. Jrflferaon Co., N. Y., ». INIS. P.O. ad't. IC'.diiiaii. Ga^e, Cliait. S., Fainh r and Duirynnin, b. .\ib|{»>in, Vt.,i(. iHTt-t, p. o.adil. Itodnmn. Gates, L. H., Farmer and A'<'e«-or. b. .1. (T. Co.. X. Y.. a. l«i*.i, p. o.itdd. llMduian. Glazier, Silas (retired), b. Wiuthington <*»., N. Y., ". 18:W, p. o. add. KtHlnitm. GlaHier, Wni. C, Farmer and Dairynmti, b. \Va^llin|;lon Co., t{. Y., b. IKKJ, p.o. add Itodinan. Girdiiiiii-, lI'Miry. F.irnuT and Dairyman, b. JofTeraon Co., N. \'., ». 1814, p. o. add. Kodrnan. Gardini^T, Orwill M., Fanner and Dairyman, b. Je(Ter»«n Co., N. Y., s. 184.1, p. • .ad'I. U"dnnin. Grcenlcv. <'. b'., Farnu-r and Dairyman, b. JefTeraon Co.,X. Y., 8. 1842. p. o. add. Uoilman. Grnmimtn-, I>. S G.. Furnier and Dairyman, b. JclTerBon Co., X. Y., «. ISift, p. o. add. Uwdttian. Glasier, Ciias. E., Farnu-r an. add. Kodnian. Xewtoii, O. K., Farmer and Dairj-man, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1818, p. o. add. Itndman. Plank, Seymour S., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Schoharie Co., N. Y., s. 18:t0, p. o. add. Rodman. Pierce. F. \V., Hardware and Patentee of American Milk-Pan, b. Fninklin Co., X. Y.. 8. iSTo, p. ...add. U..diiian Priest, W. C, Farmer, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 9. 184-'>. p. o. add. Rdman. Woodwaiil, Mar24, p.o. add. East Watertuwn. 590 HISTORY OF JEFFEllSON COUNTY, NEW YORK. Croes, Snniuel, Mvrrbant, Fcli'e Mills, b. Jeff. Cu., N. Y., s. I84«, ii. o. ndd. Felt's Mi lit*. Clark, A^H, KuniKT and Dnirvman, h. JoflT. Co., N. Y., c. 1806, p. o. add. Black itiv-r. Cleiiit'titri. Kvincii, Kamier and I>-.tir,vniati, b. Lt^wis Co., N. Y., s. IMl, p. o. add. Sxitli Kiiilaiid. Diitilai*. Hjtrliiii 1*., FarnitT and DairyDian, b. JclT. Co., N. Y., s. 18.18, p. o. udd. Kiitlaiid. Pextcr. iKivi.l.ClmirMnfr.. Black River, b. Mhs«..8 18:tr>, p. o. add. Black llivcr. Uiiun, Alt'X., KaiiutT and C;it|wiiter, b. Warren Uo., N. Y., 8. ls:t7, p. o. add. Bbiek R.vrr. Dution, Knutiis B., Uetiittl KarnuT, b. Jiff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1810, p. o.add. Water* Inwn. Eddy, Kcbt-rt II.. Farmer and I>air>-n)an, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1830, p. o. odd. F.'lfs MilU. Kiinif-s, ll- I'.. Fanner and Cliei-st.' Maker, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 184:J, p. o.add. Kjist Walertown. Eamea, Mr*. Clifr, Ki-Iired Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., s. 18u7, p. o. add. East Watertown. Eaniftf. P.inifl J,, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., 8. 1830, p. o. add. K'tsl Wati-nnan. Friiik, S;imuel, Fai rtier and Dairyman and Justice of the Peace, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y.,». 18111, p. o. add. Km land. Fulton, J^fwe, Fanner ami Dairyman, b. Jeff, Co., N. Y., 8. 1812, p. o. add. Water- town. F.ird, J.din S.. Farmer, b. Jeff. Co., N. Y., a. 1840. p. o. add. Black Kiver. Urixwold, t;. B , Miller, Fell's Mills, b. Jeffeison Co., N. Y., s. IS-'.l, p. o. atld. FelrV Mills. Graves, Klij ili, Teaeber, Fi-Il's Mills, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 18l;i, p. o. add. FellV >hll«. Craves. Martin 1... Fanner and l>»ii-}ni:in, b. Jefferaon Cu , X. Y., r. 1811, p. o. ndd. Felts Mils. Gowtly, Alfreil, Fanner and Dairyman, h. Lewis Co., N. Y., s. 18:J9, p. o. add. Walertown. Hardy, Charles C, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1830, p. o. add. Rutland, lluwiaiid, \N'illiam, Farmer and D.iirvman, b. J«ffer.-iv^r. Middletdu, Chiistoplier, Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., s. 1809, p. o.add. Black K ver. Monroe, Morrj-t C.. Furni-r and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., 8. 18.'i2, p. o. a'ld. Fast Watertown, Miller. Lori-nz-t K , Fanner and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co , X. Y., s. 1820, p. o. add. E^.st Watertown. McOmbi-r. Edmnnd, Faruit-r and Hntel-kei^per, Black River, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., s. 182J, p. o. adti. Black River. OIney, L. D.. Farniei , b Jetlerson Co., N. Y , 8. 1825. p. o. add. Watertown. Poor, Christopher, Maimfaclnn-r Bent Chair Stock, Black River, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 3. 18 lit. p. o. add. Black Kiver. Parkinson, Phineas C, Faiiiii-rand Cheese-Maker, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y., a. 1S44, p. u. add. Eist Wiitertowii. Parkinson, Jas. B , Farmer, b. Jeff. Co.. N'. Y , e. 184G, p. o. add. E. Watertown. Pohl, I'eter. Farm-T. b. Hesse Darm-Uult, s. |x.V., p. o. aiid. Blaek River. I'ool, h^lward S., Farmer and Dairynmn, I*. Jefferson Co., X. Y.,s. 18o0,p. o.add. Et-I Watertown. Phi Up-'. Orin A., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X.T., 8.1S35, p.o.add. Rntlaucl. Kockwell, S meoii. Fanner and Dairyman, b. Jeff. Co., X. Y., 8. 1827, p. o. add. Rutland. Bock woo I, Fcrnanilo L., Hotel-keeper, Felt's Mills, b. Jeffersou Co., X. Y., 8. 1S4T, p. o. add. F.lts Mills. KandatI, J>>|iii D.. Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jcflei-son Co., X. Y., a. 1S26, p. o. add. Bla< k River. Bu8P, .Maiisin.', Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1811, p. o. add. S'lUth Clianipion. Soutbworth, Wm., Farmer and Town Auditor, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. ISlti, p. o. add. Rutland. Smith. Sidney 1... Farmer and Dairym in, K Jefferson Co., X. Y., ». 1821, p. o. add. Rutland. Smith, Hyr.'ii J., Farmer and Dairvman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., 8. 1846, p. o. add. Rutland. Scott, Daniel H.. Manufacturer, Black River, b. Jcffer^n Co., X. Y., 8. 1828, p. o. add. Bl I. k River. Scoti, Geo. H., Fcninan D. Dexter A Sons, Clmir Mnfrs., Black River, b. Jeffer- son Co., X. Y.. B. is:t:i. p. o. add. Black River. Smith, Benj. 1'., Farmer and Daiiyman, b. Oneiila Co., X. Y., a. 1831, p. o. add. Black Riv.-r. Scott, S--weM, Fanner and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y'., s. 1803, p. o. add. Black Riv r. Snath, Geo. W., Farmer and Su|>ervisor, b. JeffersoD Cu., X. Y.,8. 1S40, p. o. add. South Rutland. StebbiUN, L*tr< nro. Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., b. 1805, p. o. add. VJiwt Wnlertown. Treadway, Jonathnn F., Farmer and Dairyman, b. Jeffervon Co., N. Y., s. 1819, p. it. adil. E'tat Watertown. TorpniuL', P<-i<>r. Farmo^ Felt's Milts, b. Herkimer Co.. N. Y., «. 1838, p. o. add. Fell's Mill-. Undorwo«Hl, Franc s. Farmer and Dairynmn, b, Jefferson Co., X. Y'., s. 1843, p. u. add. South Rutland. Vehcr. cinuidler C.. Prop. Felt's Mills Tannery, b. Jefferson Co., 8. 1830, p. o. add. F. Ii's M lis. Wheel-r. p.- Wilt C., .^Infr. W.koden PumjM and Water Pipes, Kelt's Stills, b. Jifferson Co.. N. Y.. ». I8;i. add. FeliV MilN. White, M'". Sarah R. (iviired^. Felt s Mills, b. Vermont, s. l83o, p. o. add. Felt*a Mill". Witc-'X, Monire. Farmer and Dairjman, b. Herkimer Co., N. Y., 9. 1847, p. o. add. Bla-dw, p. o. add. Ple&sis. Parker, Johti, Gmceries, Drug's, aitd MiHlicines, and Supervisor, Theresa, b, J. fter>«on Co.. X. Y'.. s. 1S14. p. o. mid. Thert-.sii. Peck, Frank M., General Mercliandi.se, Tlieresa, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., a. 1838, p. o. add. Tlieresa. Pool, Chas., Prupr. Flouring-mill and Lumbering, Theresii, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y*., s. 1822, p. O. add. TbereSJi. Pool. Henry, Farm- r and Dairy (deceased), Theresa, b. Herk. Co., X. Y., a. 1820. Pool, /.ainian. Farmer and Dairy, Theresa, b. Jeffereon Co., X. Y'., s. 1828, p. o. adil. Therest. IWof, John C, Farming, Theresa, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y'., s. 1818, p. o. add. Tlieresii. Itodenhnrst. Kit hard. General Hardware, Theresa, b. England, s. ISCC, p. o.add. There-a. Ryther, A. G., Traveling Agent Cbicapo Paint Houae, Theresa, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y'.. «. I83«i. p. o. add. Therewi. StophenB*>n, E.. Farm.r and Carpenter, Theresa, h. Jefferson Co., X. Y'., 8. 1829, p. I), add. Theresa. Stephenson, Xormaii, Farmer, Carpenter, and Joiner, Thcrraa, b. CHntun Co., X. Y., s. 1813. p. o. add. Th-r.-sa. Seebcr, Wm. II., Fanner and Dairy, Theresa, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y'., a. 1826, p. t>. add. Therrsji. Still, Horatio. Farmer and Dairy, Therewi, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., a. 1810, p. o. aild Theresa. Strough, I*. A , Farmer and Teacher. There-'a, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y*., a. 180:». p. o. aim, Swh, Bliii Is, MouMingH, BafrltMs, Win-low- (rMna, find T'lbte-ilidus, Theresa, b. Jjfforsm Co., N. Y., s. I'il4, p. o. ikM. Ttioru^a. Siliabury, D. A., Orocorlee and PruvUIons, Thereia, b. Juffjrion Co., N. Y., s. 1«.'»0, p. u. ti'l'I. Thoreii. SImont, ft, J., Fiirrn ;r, Cnttom-^ioiiso Offl:or, Ttioreia, b. Jjffj»ja Co., N. Y., fl. 1S3(>, p. II. ii'M TboreSA. Simon*, Capt. W. K , Kariniig and Siiliiig, Theresa, b. Jettenon Ci., N. Y., 8. 1823, p. o. ad'l. Tliftrti-ta. Thompsiii, Jonathan (ICutiredl, Theresa, b. Swanzy, N. H., «. 18^, p. o.add. Tliore^a. Thrasher, J. S., Farni«r and Ctirponter, Theresa, b. JuRerAjn Co., N. Y., b. 1845, p. o. iwld. TheriMia. Thompson, C. W , ,\tlornoy-at-Law, Theresa, b. Joffen»on Co., N. Y., «. 1810, p. I), mid. ThoroBa. Vanderburgh, J. S., General M'Tchandito and Gro^erletf, Theresi, b. Jefferson Co., X. Y., B. 1826, p. o. a-Id. Theresa. WheokT, I*. E., Farmer and Dairy, Theresa, b. Jeffemun Co., N. Y., 8. 18i8, p. o. add. Thereaa. Wilcox, L.. Karmur and Dairy, Theresa, b. Cortland Co., N. Y., s. 1819. p. o. add. Thercta. Wood, J. H., Fanner and Dairy, Tnoresi, b. C»n ida, «. 18o2, p. o. ad'!.There*a. WoodnifT, Oliarl.'r., Kariner and Diiry, Thorosi, b. J^-ffersm Co., N. Y., s. HIT, p. o. add. Thurcjia. Wilsun, Mra. P., Fanner an 1 Dairy, Thereita, b. llerk. Co., X. Y., s. 18:)5. p. o. add. Tliore»H. Walter, Klian, Fanner and Dairy, Theresa, b. HoPk. Co., N. Y., s. 1842, p. o. add. TluTcsa. Walter, CurnHlius, Farmer and Dairy, Theresa, b. Herk. Co., N. Y., s. 1844, p. o. add. Tlieresa. West, W. L , Farmi'r and Dairy, Tborosa, b. Jefforsun Co., N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. ii, p. o. add. Ple^nis. White, II. A., Fanner and Hardware, Theresa, b. Jefferson Co., N. Y.,«. 1839, p. o. add. Redwiiud. Yost, GfO. K., B inker, Theresa, b. Jt-ffurdim Co., N. Y.,s. 1838, p. o. add. Thero-«a. Zoiler, Henry, Farmer and Dairy, b. Miint«;omory Co., N. Y., s. 18 J7, p. o. add. Theresa. WILNA. Adams, H. H., Broker, b. N. Y., s. 1819, ]i. o. add. Carthage. Brown, U. K., Merctmnt and N.>(ary I'ubli^ b. N. Y., a. 1822, p. n. add. Carthage, Dr.inau.ch, Saml., Tanner, Carthage, U. Ireland, ». 1S70, p. u. add. O.irthajje. Itiirris, I.uke, Farmer and D.iiryman, Carthage, b. N. Y., s. IS^tl, p. o. add. Car- thage. Barr. Wesley. R<>al Estate and Insurance Agent, Carthage, b. N. T., s. 1836, p. o. add. Carthago. Becker, BarUjn, Fanner and Dairy, Girthage, b. N. Y., s. 1816, p, o. add. Ster- lingville. Brow8tje Itepublican, Carth ige, b. N. Y., s. 1876, p. o. add. Carthago. Cobnrii, Mrs. W. M. (retired), Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 1819, p. o. add. Qirthage. Cathetl, Kev. J. Ev.jrist, Factor of Grace Church, (Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 1876, p. o. add. Carthage. Clark, Jno. \V., Dealer in Ki^ady-Modo and Ciiatom-M:uIe Clothing and Gents' furnishing goods, Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 186.5, p. o. add. Carthage. Clearwater, Danl., Farmer and Dairyman, Cartli ige, b. N. Y., s. 1841, p. o. add. Carthsge. Collins, I*., Fanner, Carth ige, b. Ireland, s. 1827, p. o. add. C;rIingviUe. Dawlcy, J. II., Farmer and Dairy, b. X. Y., s. 1824, p. o. add. Xurth \V. P. 0. De La Fleur, .M. K. (retired), Carth.i-e, b. \. Y., s. !844, p. o. add. Cirthage. Francis. C. E., .Herchant, 53 State st., Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 1816, p. o. add. Carthage. Fulton, John C, Att'y and Counselor-at-Law, Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 1844, p. o. add. Carthage. FedigJin, Rev. J. J., Pastor St. James' Church, Carthage, b. Ireland, s. 1874, p. o. add. Carthage. Fledenbnrg, Geo. C, Prop, of Hatch Hjuse, Carthage, b. N. Y., s. 18U, p. o. add. Carthage. FttZ'^imotis, A., Farmer, b. N. Y., s. 1847, p. o. add. Carthnge. Fargo, Li?wis, Prop, of Hotel, Farmer and Dairy, b. N. Y., «. 1826, p. o. add. Wilna. Fulton. Sim?on, Farming, b. Vt., s. 1810, p. o. add. Carth ige. Foley. Peter, Farming, b. Ireland, s. 1812, p. o. airthage. Futt. u, u'ltl. \Viln:i. Gnihain, Murjr A., Farmer, l». N. Y., «. ISI't, |). o. oilij. Wilim. (Jnilmin, .lamo< It., KariQcr, U. N. Y.. «. 18K. p. u. ailil. Wilna. Cili ■<, .luliin K., Saw.ver, b. S. Y., «. IK Ifi. p. u. a^lil. tiirlhaif. Git*)., Mm. hiilly, Ka'rmiiiK an'l Saw-mill, h. N. Y., i*. 18.*>ti, p. o. adii. Cartilage. GalHH, Crm*>ti, Kairiiiii^, b. N". Y., «. IHt", p o. ailil. Ciirlhanr. Galvin, Jiiii'-., St K'k U -ali-r, (^artliagft, b. lr>*laiid, .. l«:l.*», p. ». a.1.1. Cjirlhage. Gru(}n, .MIitTt It., Wai^oii anun8elMr'at'Iaw, Carthage, b. Long I., n. 1840, p. o. add. North Wilna. Koyea, Samuel, Farmer, b. I»nR I., a. 1820, p. o. add. North Wdna. Levis, 0. 8. (retired I, b. N. Y., ». l«:l.'>, p. o. add. North Wilna. Ix>omis, C H., Merchant, b. N. Y., 9. 185:1, p. o. add North Wilna. Loumis, Manlv, SlanTr of Carriages, Wagons, etc., b. N. Y., s. I8I7, p. o. adil. North Wilna. Looniis, El>er, Farmer, b. N. Y.. 9. 1816, p. o. add. Sterlingville. I.inpheare, II. K , Farmer, b. N. Y., 9. 18^, p. o. ad.l. (iirtliage. Lanpheare, Fanny, Farmer, Ii. Maa-*., s. 18:l(i, p. o. a., Farmer, b. N. Y., s. 1820, p. o. aild. Natural Bridge. Nutting, Marin, Farmer, b. Vermont, 9. 1820, p. o. add. Natural Bridge. O'Neil, MichI, Wagon and Oirriage Mfr., b. K. Troy, «. 1870, p. o. add. (Carthage. Pennimin, tluy. Farmer, b. E. Troy, s. I8.'il, p. o. add. Wilna. Pierce, Charles, Farmer, b. E. Troy, s. 1824, p. o. aild. Carthage. Pool, David, Farmer, b. E. Troy, s. 1821, p. o. add. Natural Bridge. Ponningt*»n, .\. o., Farmer, b. E. Troy, ?». 1840, p. o. add. .\ntwerp. Peden,.la!i.T.. I'huieiau and .Surgeon, b. N. Y.City,". 18.58, p o. add. Cartkaga. Hogg, Marlin, Uetired, Carthage, b. N. Y. City, «. 1828, p. o. add. Carthage. Biley, Patrick, Firmer, b. Ireland, a. 1824, p. o. add. North Wilna. Stewart, K. Y., Merchant, i;arlhage, b. N. Y., «. 182:1, p. o. add. Carthage. Smith, .Mrs. II. B., Milliner, Cartha).'e, b. 5Ia>.9., 8. 1841, p. o. a-l.L (;artliaga. Stall ird, La Fayette G., Farmer, b. N. Y., s. 1824, p. o. add. (^rtliage. Stanard, (ieo. W., Fariuer, b. N. Y., 9. 1829, p. o. add. Cartha;;e. Sarviiy, Mre. Phila, Farmer, b. N. Y., 8. 1822, p. o. a.bl. Carthage. Symon.'i, F. 0., Farmer, b. Vt., 8. 18:iti, p. o. add. N.irlh Wilna. Smith, .Alon/.o, Farmer, b. N. Y., 8. 1824, p. o. add. Orthage. Schroer, F. A., Fanner and Blacksmith, b. PrU9-*ia, a. 1855. p. o. a^---. \/ ■"-■^^^ '-.0^' .•«;•. ^'ov*^ •■■ »°-% ■■: -''-. --.v<^.-' o*"-'^ •.■^4- /°'. --^■- ,'°"%. -..i 'f\ .■t' 1*- ^^ A^ ' :' -*^^ -- -^^^ / / ^ ^' V P c" *^ , V , o - o , A^ » . < /^ V. • 4^ " ° * ■*A ( % . "^ t ° " « « <*ft o"^ • "• " 0' ^ "- ,^^ /^*v %/ ':^va\ \ A <4^ -\ V ' f c' .■i' , c " c "°o ' o ■ ,'^^ A <■ •W^. .■^'^'' •••° '' 0^ -^^n^ ^o. A^ ^ o > . , V^ nV ..... -^o .'i> ^ o " • "^j, ■^/.o^ ^•^°- o ' '^^ jv t ' - ' , ■ '^*, V '*?:^'