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CENTENNIAL HISTORY 
 
 POLK COUNTY, 
 
 NEBRASKA, 
 
 PKF.PARK.D 1!V 
 
 HON. A. NANCE, 
 
 AND READ AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN 
 
 OSCEOLA, 
 
 J U LY 4th, 18 7 6 
 
 OSCEOLA RECORD PRINT. 
 
 1876. 
 
(5 
 
 CENTENNIAL HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 POLK COUNTY, 
 
 NEBRASKA, 
 
 PREPARED HI 
 
 HON. A. NANCE, 
 
 AND READ AT THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION IN 
 
 OSCEOLA, 
 
 JULY 4th, 1876. 
 
 S^ 
 
 (fit 
 
 OSCEOLA RECORD PRINT. 
 
 1876. 
 ft 
 

 *>S 
 
COUNTY DIRECTORY. 
 
 Amon Steever, ) 
 John Van Horn, )■ 
 John G. Mickey, J 
 John H. Mickey, 
 John P. Heald, - 
 James W. Snider, 
 John B. Mitchell, - 
 Samuel Gr. Pheasant 
 Anson Gr. Sherwood, 
 S. 0. Whaley, - 
 
 County < 'ommissioners. 
 
 County Treasurer. 
 
 County Cleric. 
 
 ( 'ounty Judge. 
 
 ( 'ounty Superintendent. 
 
 Sheriff. 
 
 ( 'ounty Surveyor. 
 
 < 'oroner. 
 
The following Historical Sketch of Polk County was delivered by 
 Hon. A. Nance, member of the Nebraska Legislature from this county, 
 at the request of the citizens of Polk County, assembled at Osceola, June 
 10th, 1876. The undersigned were appointed as a committee, by citizens 
 of Polk County, Neb., at the Centennial Celebration held on the 4th of 
 July, 1876, at Osceola, to take measures to have this Historical Sketch 
 published, and we hereby certify that the statements therein contained 
 are reliable and trustworthy, and that said History is a truthful and 
 correct statement of the origin and development of our County. 
 
 L. Headstkom:, ) 
 Calmar McCune, >• Committee. 
 David Foy. ) 
 
 Osceola, Neb., July 4th, 1876. 
 
CENTENNIAL HISTORY 
 
 OF 
 
 POLK COUNTY, NEBRASKA 
 
 PREPARED BY 
 
 Hon. A. Nance, 
 
 EEAD AT THE CELEBRATION IN OSCEOLA, 
 
 vTTTX/Y- 4, 1876. 
 
 Polk county, Nebraska, is the fourth, county west 
 of the Missouri river, and is bounded as follows : 
 
 On the north by the Platte river ; on the east by 
 Butler county ; on the south by the county of York ; 
 on the west by the Platte river and Hamilton coun- 
 ty. It comprises about 450 square miles in extent, 
 making in all nearly 288,000 acres of land suscepti- 
 ble of cultivation. 
 
 The county was originally a part of Butler county, 
 but by act of Legislature the county of Polk was in- 
 cluded within its present boundaries. 
 
 By order of His Excellency David Butler, Gov- 
 ernor of the State of Nebraska, a special election 
 was ordered to be holden in Polk county, on the 6th 
 day of August, A. D., 1870, for the purpose of elect- 
 ing officers, and the following-named persons were 
 selected : 
 
 For County Commissioners— S. Stone, C. A. Ew- 
 ing, Jonathan Crockett. 
 
 County Clerk — Frank Reardon. 
 
 Probate Judge — James Query. 
 
 County Treasurer — John H. Mickey. 
 
 Sheriff — Ole Bredesor. 
 
 The records of the county show that the total value 
 of personal property in the county at this time 
 amounted to six thousand nine hundred and sixty 
 dollars ($6,960). John H. Mickey made the first 
 assessment, and his territory included the whole 
 county. 
 
 The county-seat of the county was located in Au- 
 gust, A. D. 1870, on the south half of the northeast 
 quarter and north half southeast quarter of section 
 twenty-four (24), town fourteen (14) north, range 
 two (2) west, and the county's capital was named 
 Osceola. 
 
 On the 14th day of December, 1870, F. M. Stone 
 was appointed County Surveyor, and John Fox 
 County Superintendent of Schools, thus making a 
 full board of county officials. 
 
 Also, at the same time, the county was divided 
 into two precincts — Hackberry and Clear Creek. 
 The division was made as follows : 
 
 Hackberry Precinct — To extend from the south 
 line of the county to the center of township four- 
 teen (14) in said county, and embracing all lands 
 from the eastern to the western line of the same. 
 
 Clear Creek Precinct— To extend from the center 
 line of township fourteen (14) to the northern line 
 of the county, and embracing all lands from the 
 eastern to the western line of said county. 
 
 In the month of April, A. D. 1871, it was ordered 
 by the County Commissioners that another precinct 
 be f ornied on the west side of said county, de- 
 scribed as follows: " Said precinct to embrace all 
 Ian ds lying west of the center line of range three 
 (3), and beginning at the south line of the county 
 and extending to the northern boundary of the 
 sahne, said division to be known as Platte precinct." 
 
 In the months of August and September the ques- 
 tion of the removal of the county seat began to be 
 agitated throughout the county, and the County 
 Commissioners submitted the question of such re- 
 moval to be voted upon the 10th day of October, 
 A. D., 1871. m 
 
 Section nineteen (19), township fifteen (15) north, 
 of range two (2) west, and section sixteen (16), town- 
 ship fourteen (14) north, of range two (2) west, were 
 the contesting points. After a heated and exciting 
 election the latter location was selected by a ma- 
 jority of fourteen (14) votes, and on the 14th day of 
 
Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 October, 1871, the County Commissioners issued 
 their proclamation declaring said county seat 
 located on the southeast quarter of section sixteen 
 (16), township fourteen (14) north, of range two (2) 
 west. Messrs. Frank Reardon, John H. Mickey and 
 M. W. Stone were appointed a committee to select 
 forty (40) acres of land out of the aforesaid tract, 
 who located the county seat on its present site. 
 
 On the 16th day of November, A. D., 1871, the 
 County Commissioners advertised for bids for the 
 construction of a Court House for the county, to be 
 erected at some point to be designated by said 
 board on the southeast quarter of section sixteen 
 (16), township fourteen (14) north, of range two (2) 
 west. The contract for building the Court House 
 was awarded to M. W. Stone, who completed said 
 building, and it was accepted by the Board of 
 County Commissioners March 20, 1872. 
 
 While we have thus traced the progress of the 
 county, from its foundation up to its full and com- 
 plete organization and location of its capital, we 
 will now endeavor to record in as faithful and im- 
 partial a manner as possible the natural features of 
 the county, its soil, climate, social and educational 
 privileges, and, as nearly as practicable, all that 
 has made "little Polk" the peer of any county of 
 like age in the State of Nebraska. 
 
 STEEAMS. 
 
 The Platte river, which forms the northern 
 boundary of the county, averages about three- 
 fourths (%) of a mile in width, and, although not 
 navigable, will afford in the near future, if properly 
 applied and utilized, an exceUent mill and manufac- 
 turing power. It is also watered by Clear creek, a 
 beautiful stream, abounding in fish of various 
 species, which also affords some facilities for mill- 
 power. The southern part of the county is trav- 
 ersed nearly its entire length by Blue river and its 
 numerous tributaries, making Polk county one of 
 best-watered in the State. 
 
 TIMBER. 
 
 The Platte and Blue rivers are skirted by numer- 
 ous groves of timber, among which the walnut, Cot- 
 tonwood, hackberry, box elder and ash are the most 
 numerous varieties, 
 
 NATURAL FEATURES, SOIL, ETC. 
 
 The land lying along the Platte river in the valley 
 proper is very fertile, except that immediately con- 
 tiguous to the stream, wbich is sandy and better 
 adapted to grazing than agriculture. The soil one 
 mile distant from the river averages from one foot 
 to seven feet in depth. It is a rich black loam, con- 
 takiing a small proportion of sand, and is uniforji 
 throughout the county. The lands in the Blue 
 river valley are of the same nature of those of the 
 Platte, with the exception that they are adapted to 
 agriculture to the water's edge. 
 
 Tne uplands of the county comprise about three- 
 fourths (%) of its entire area, and are exceedingly 
 
 fertile. The soil is a black loam, from two to four 
 feet in depth. The lands throughout the county 
 are gently undulating, without any abrupt breaks 
 and hollows, and can be made a fit home for the 
 agriculturist with as great ease as any portion of the 
 State. 
 
 PRODUCTS. 
 
 The principal products are corn, wheat, oats, bar- 
 ley, rye and flax. The yield of these cereals is 
 often enormous, and In quality cannot be excelled 
 anywhere. Wheat averages from 18 to 30 bushels 
 per acre. Corn, 50 to 100. Oats, 60 to 75. Barley, 
 40 to 75. Eye, 25 to 40, and flax, 15 to 25 bushels to 
 the acre. The labor required to produce these 
 crops is not near that demanded in the older 
 States, and large yields are assured many years 
 without any apparent exhaustion of the soil. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The climate cannot be surpassed anywhere in the 
 United States in general healthfulness. The air is 
 pure, dry and bracing, and is full of life-giving 
 properties. 
 
 Invalids and health-seekers from the East have 
 in a great majority of cases been restored to per- 
 fect health, and all have experienced relief from 
 the vivifying and health-restoring influences of our 
 magnificent climate. Especially those suffering 
 malarial, pulmonary and throat diseases are bene- 
 fited, and it will soon be generally known that 
 health as well as wealth and piosperity can be ob- 
 tained in our county. 
 
 MINERAL DISCOVERIES. 
 
 No valuable minerals have as yet been found in 
 the county, although "coal blossom" has been dis- 
 covered in different localities at a depth ranging 
 from 30 to 60 feet. 
 
 Further and more complete investigation will 
 undoubtedly prove that coal exists in large quan- 
 tities. 
 
 POPULATION. 
 
 The predominant population is native-born, al- 
 though Sweden, Germany and Canada are well 
 represented. 
 
 Particular attention is invited to the Swedish 
 colony mainly established by Lewis Headstrom, 
 Esq., in the western part of the county, with the 
 town of Stromsburg as its chief trading point. Our 
 Swedish settlers are among the most energetic and 
 industrious of our citizens in improving and build- 
 ing up our young county and advancing its material 
 interests. 
 
 The Canadian settlers, who are mostly settled in 
 what is known as Canada precinct, in the eastern 
 part of the county, have shown, by their well-kept 
 and well-ordered homes and farms, that upon them 
 the beneficence of the General Government has been 
 worthily bestowed. 
 
 Our German fellow-citizens have carried into prac- 
 tice their proverbial thrift and economy, and have 
 played an important part in placing our county 
 
Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 where she is, in progress and advancement behind 
 none in the State. 
 
 The native-bora population of the county are , al- 
 most without exception, emigrants from the East- 
 ern States, from whence they came to secure free 
 homes for themselves and their children. 
 
 Of this class a large majority belong to " Uncle 
 Sam's boys in blue," who kept step to the music of 
 the Union in those troublous "times that tried 
 men's souls." 
 
 Our native-born citizens are, almost without ex- 
 ception, energetic, self-reliant, industrious, and, in 
 short, just such a class as we need to make our 
 county the foremost in the State, if not in the 
 United States. 
 
 EDUCATION. 
 
 In common with the rest of the State, Polk county 
 is blessed with an excellent educational system. 
 The State having set apart two sections of land in 
 each township, Polk county's share of this munifi- 
 cent endowment would amount to about sixteen 
 thousand (16,000) acres. Her people have evinced a 
 determination, by their acts, to preserve this heri- 
 tage for their childreu until it shall become a mag- 
 nificent endowment indeed. In 1870, when the 
 county was organized, the people were destitute of 
 educational advantages, but with commendable 
 energy and enterprise they went to work to supply 
 the deficiency, and the result is seen in our midst. 
 
 Fine school-houses, with the most improved fur- 
 niture and apparatus, meet the eye on every hand. 
 A skillful and experienced corps of teachers impart 
 knowledge to the young Nebraskian, and direct his 
 feet in the path of knowledge. Select, if you will, 
 any county in the Eastern Slates, and our county 
 will equal, if not surpass it in the advantages given 
 to the youth in the matter of education. At no dis- 
 tant day will follow seminaries, colleges and high 
 schools of learning, for with such a brilliant present 
 what cannot we expect in the future ? 
 
 CHURCH ORGANIZATIONS. 
 
 While the people of Polk county have been alive 
 to their educational interests, religious matters 
 have not been neglected. Already, in many parts 
 of the county, fine and substantial church edifices 
 have been erected, and more are in prospect. 
 There is not a precinct in the county in which there 
 are not one or more church organizations alive and 
 progressive, laboring with unabated zeal for the 
 moral and spiritual advancement of themselves and 
 their fellow-citizens. 
 
 NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 The first newspajjer in the county, called the 
 Polk County Times, W. D. Ferree, editor, was estab- 
 lished at Stromsburg in the summer of 1872. It 
 was short-lived, however, only about six months 
 elapsing before its final demise. The Osceola 
 Homesteader was established a few weeks later by 
 the Osceola Printing Company, at Osceola, H. T. 
 Arnold, editor. The paper was Republican in poli- 
 
 tics, and ably edited. It changed hands several 
 times, the following-named gentlemen having filled 
 its editorial chair successively : M. E. Crookham, 
 Frank P. Burgess, W. F. Kimmel and Calmar Mc- 
 Cune. The paper did much to instruct and en- 
 lighten the people in various ways, and was a very 
 efficient medium in advertising and calling atten- 
 tion to the attractions and desirableness of Polk 
 county as a location for those desiring to seek a 
 home in the " Far West." In January 1876, S. F. 
 Fleharty took charge of the paper, and thus became 
 its centennial editor. Its name was changed to that 
 of " The Osceola Record," and under the man- 
 agement of its editor it has become one of the leading 
 papers of the State. The Record has a circulation 
 of nearly 600, and its subscription list is rapidly in- 
 creasing. 
 
 GRASSHOPPERS. 
 
 It might be proper to refer here to the crisis that 
 Polk county passed through in the year 1874, famil- 
 iarly known as "graBsnopper year." We had a tre- 
 mendous rush of immigration into our county in 
 1873 and the spring of 1874, and as a consequence 
 this class of settlers were nearly destitute, having 
 expended their all in preparing their farms for the 
 next season. The oldest settlers among us had no 
 surplus of grain of any considerable amount to de- 
 pend upon, so that oif situation wa3 ex- 
 ceedingly critical. The grasshopper pests 
 had destroyed all the corn, the oats nearly 
 so, and the wheat was materially injured. 
 
 In the fall of 1874 a County Aid Society was or- 
 ganized, with Lee K. McGaw, President ; John A. 
 Beltzer, Secretary. This society did s vast amount 
 of good and alleviated much suffering. Very few 
 of the settlers left the county, and the large ma- 
 jority of those who did soon saw " the error of their 
 way," and returned in a short time. Our people, 
 during this trying period, displayed more than ordi- 
 nary heroism, and are now enjoying the fruits of 
 their patience and self-denial exercised at this criti- 
 cal time. 
 
 INDIVIDUAL PROSPERITY. 
 
 We herewith append a few instances of what in- 
 dividual enterprise backed up with the almost un- 
 limited resources of our county may accomplish : 
 
 R. O. D. Cummings settled in Canada Precinct in 
 the spring of 1871, and took up a Government home- 
 stead of 160 acres, without a team, with hardly a 
 dollar, and with nothing btit a clear brain and a 
 pair of willing hands. He passed through the try- 
 ing " grasshopper year," kept out of debt, and has 
 the following to show for his perseverance : Fifty- 
 six acres under a high state of cultivation, a good 
 and substantial house, an artificial grove of six 
 acres of forest trees, among which may be found 
 walnut, catalpa, box elder, ash, and other valuable 
 | varieties. Mr. Cun mings is now the fortunate pos- 
 sessor of this beautiful home, and is not in debt to 
 exceed $20. 
 
10 
 
 Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 Cyrus Garwood, a settled in the same vicinity, 
 came into the county in the spring of 1873, with a 
 team and about $700 in money. Mr. Garwood expend- 
 ed|most of his money in putting up a frame house and 
 making other necessary improvements. He suc- 
 ceeded in breaking but a small portion of his home- 
 stead in the spring of 1873, and in 1874 his crops 
 were all destroyed by the grasshoppers, with the 
 exception of a little wheat. Mr. Garwood had a 
 wife and four children to support, and the future 
 looked exceedingly dark. But he now Has a beauti- 
 ful farm of 160 acres, over one-half of which is im- 
 proved, a splendid grove of over three acres of for- 
 est trees, and set out nearly an acre this spring. 
 He is in debt not to exceed $100, and thinks tbat 
 Nebraska, and especially Polk county, is the proper 
 place for a man to emigrate to and not from. 
 
 Alexander Shank, of Platte precinct, affords an- 
 other bright example of what may be done in Polk 
 county, by foresight, industry and energy. Mr 
 Shank has a large family, a wife and seven chil- 
 dren, and came into the precinct with scarcely 
 a dollar. He made settlement in the county in the 
 winter of 1871, and the next spring went to work, 
 having had barely enough money to support his 
 family through the winter. He has 160 acres of 
 land under cultivation, a fair house, two good 
 teams, a large number of hogs, and between fifty 
 and sixty head of cattle, and is out of debt. 
 
 George W. Cadwell, of same precinct, also has a 
 good record to exhibit. He settled in the precinct 
 in 1872, and had a team but no money. By close 
 economy and untiring industry, however, he man- 
 aged to struggle along, and is now the possessor of 
 as fine a quarter section of land as there is in the 
 county, with nearly one-half of it improved ; has a 
 good frame house, quite a number of cattle and is 
 out of debt. 
 
 While there are dozens of such instances through- 
 out the county, we have not been able to interview 
 the parties and make statements concerning their 
 progress. However, if we should attempt to record 
 them all, the pen of the historian would tell such an 
 amount of truth of the almost fabulous individual 
 progress of our citizens as would amaze our steady, 
 slow-going Eastern friends, if not the world. 
 
 In writing this history numerous details have to 
 be entered into, and to secure this object, and for 
 greater accuracy, the nine (9) voting precincts in the 
 county will be separately and briefly considered : 
 
 HACKBERRY PRECINCT. 
 
 Hackberry precinct is the oldest and most popu- 
 lous in the county. The Blue river runs through it 
 from east to west, and is heavily timbered. Thomas 
 Conolly has the honor of being the first settler in 
 the precinct, if not the first in the county. He made 
 settlement in 1867, and was followed shortly after by 
 Albert Seaver. The next year (1868) Mr. John Pat- 
 terson and wile, with their sons— Richard, James and 
 William— James Clark, John H. Mickey, and W. W. 
 
 Maxwell made settlement. In 1869 Messrs. James 
 Query and V. P. Davis settled on what is now known 
 as Davis Creek, this creek taking its name from Mr. 
 Davis. 
 
 The first child born in the precinct, and, in fact, 
 in the county, was Edgar Roberts, son of Mrs. Lou- 
 isa Roberts, born Nov. 30, 1868. 
 
 School District No. 1 was organized in 1871 with 
 38 scholars ; John A. Giffin teacher. Members of 
 School Board: T. W. Blake, Moderator; James 
 Clark, Director, and John H. Mickey, Treasurer. 
 
 In the fall of 1872 and winter of 1873 the Metho- 
 dists organized the first church, under the charge 
 of Rev. James Query, Polk county's pioneer preacher. 
 The membership is quite large, and rapidly in- 
 creasing. In the winter of 1873-4 the Church of 
 God was organized in the Hoffer settlement, as it is 
 called, with a membership of 30 ; pastor, Rev. Mr. 
 Warner. In the spring of 1876, Rev. Mr. Earnhart, 
 a Baptist minister, organized a church with a mem- 
 bership of nearly thirty. 
 
 Wayland postofnce is located in the southern part 
 of the precinct ; Kinsey Michener, Postmaster. 
 
 At the end of the year 1871 less than 100 acres of 
 land was under cultivation ; in 1876, nearly 10,000. 
 Natural timber, about 600 acres, mostly along Blue 
 river ; about 200 acres of artificial. 
 
 Population in 1871, 30 ; in 1876, 512. 
 
 ISLAND PRECINCT. 
 
 Island precinct lies in the northeastern part of 
 the county, and is so named from its being located 
 between the two channels of the Platte river. Mr. 
 Bouker Beebe was the first person who made a set- 
 tlement in the precinct, which was in the summer 
 of 1870. Tn the spring of 1871, Rudolph Kummer, 
 H. M. Mills, M. D., William Ihornas, Henry Au- 
 gustine, and Alex. T. Simmons made settlement, 
 took Government claims, and went to improving 
 them. 
 
 The first school district organized was No. 17, 
 with Miss Jennie Osterhaut as teacher. The 
 School Board was composed of the following-named 
 gentlemen: Win. Thomas, Director; Rudolph 
 Kummer, Moderator, and H. M. Mills, Treasurer. 
 
 Seventy-five acres of land were under cultivation 
 at the end of the year 1871, while in 1876 over 5,500 
 acres were under improvement. There are about 30 
 acres of natural timber in the precinct, and at pres- 
 ent about 100 acres of artificial timber have been put 
 out by the settlers. 
 
 There is no postoffice in the precinct. Present 
 population, 167. 
 
 CLEAR CREEK PRECINCT. 
 
 Clear Creek precinct derives its name from a 
 beautiful stream of the same name that runs 
 through the northern part of it from west to east. 
 
 The first settlers in the Precinct were Geo. D. 
 Grant. G. E. Barnum, Guy C. Barnum, and Levi 
 Kimball, who all came in about the same time. 
 
Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 11 
 
 G. D. Grant settled upon the railroad land, while the 
 Barn urns and Levi Kimball took pre-emption claims. 
 
 The first school district organized was district No. 
 4, in the year 1871. The school house was not built 
 until the spring of 1872. The district had fourteen 
 scholars ; Miss Vandercoff was its first teacher. At 
 the organization, the following-named gentlemen 
 were elected to serve on the School Board : John 
 Morrow, Alexander Munro, and John McPheeters. 
 
 Only about ninety acres of land were under culti- 
 vation at the end of the year 1871, and, at present, 
 about 2,970 acres are responding to the labor of the 
 husbandman. From the best data we are able to 
 procure, there are about fifteen acres of nahiral tim- 
 ber in the precinct, while of artificial timber there 
 are about sixty acres. There is one postoffice in the 
 precinct, Redviile, and it is on the mail route from 
 Osceola to Columbus. Remy Miller, present Post- 
 master. 
 
 Population, 1876 : 253. 
 
 CANADA PRECINCT. 
 
 Canada precinct is one of the largest, in extent, in 
 the county, and is one of the best improved. 
 
 To James W. Snider should be accorded the 
 honor of making the first settlement in the pre- 
 cinct, which he did in the spring of 1871. Closely 
 following him was Peter Bull, William Jarmin, 
 George Bull and family, S. O. Whaley, M. H. 
 Whaley, J. A. Palmer, Kufus Burrett, Wm. Fosben- 
 der, H. W. Chase, M. W. Stone and D. D. Bramer. 
 Number fourteen (14), the first school district, or- 
 ganized with twenty-six scholars. Members of first 
 School Board, Stephen Bull, James Mackie and 
 George Bull. Cyclone postoffice was established in 
 1873, Albert Cowles, Postmaster. Pvev. Mr. White- 
 head organized in the fall of 1873 a Methodist Church 
 at what is known as the Burley School House. A 
 building was constructed by this organization in 
 the spring of 1876, called Wesley Chapel. The 
 number of acres of land under cultivation at the 
 end of 1871 did not exceed 100 acres. The present 
 number of acres in this our centennial year are about 
 9,000 acres. There is no natural timber in the 
 precinct whatever. By the industry and enterprise 
 of the settlers it is estimated that there are 300 
 acres of artificial timber. 
 
 Population in 1871 about twenty. Present popu- 
 lation 393. 
 
 OSCEOLA PRECINCT. 
 
 The precinct of Osceola derives its name from the 
 county seat of the county, and is one of the most 
 populous precincts in the county. James Query 
 and V. P. Davis, with their families, made settle- 
 ment in October, 1868. H. C. Query came in In the 
 year 1869, and among other settlers may be men- 
 tioned J. R. Stewart, George Kerr, John A. Beltzer, 
 Henry Hildebrand, George W. Kenyon, J. F. Camp- 
 bell, Wm. Query, Lumin Van Hoosen, H. T. Arnold 
 and others. 
 
 The town of Osceola was located at a general elec- 
 
 tion in 1871, on the southeast J£ of section 16, town 
 ship fourteen (14) north, of range two (2), west. The 
 town site was purchased in June, 1872, by Messrs. 
 W. F. Kimmel and John H. Mickey. These gentle- 
 men surveyed and platted the town in the same 
 month. The first building erected in the town was 
 the Court House, which was completed in January, 
 1872. The second building was the store of W. H. 
 Waters, built in May, 1872. In October of the same 
 year Wm. F. Kimmel and John H. Mickey built the 
 first residences, and in December, 1872, the school 
 house was built. The town has a population of 
 between 100 and 200, and is rapidly increasing. 
 Nearly every branch of business is represented, 
 among which may be mentioned 2 hotels, 3 dry- 
 goods stores, 2 agricultural implement establish- 
 ments, 1 hardware store, 1 drug store, shoe-shop, 
 harness shop, 2 blacksmith shops, 1 wagon shop. 
 Of the professions the town has 1 attorney 3 physi- 
 cians, and 2 clergymen. The office of the Osceola 
 Record is established and has very materially aided 
 in advancing the interests of the town and county. 
 
 The first child born in Osceola was Evan Mickey, 
 son of John H. and Morinda Mickey, January 26 r 
 1874. 
 
 The Metnodist Episcopal Church was organized 
 in 1872, with L. F. Whitehead as pastor, and with a 
 membership of seven. Their present number is 
 about ninety. Present pastor, J. Q. A. Fleharty. 
 
 The Congregational Church was organized in Oc- 
 tober, 1872. Pastor, C. C. Humphrey. Member- 
 ship sixteen at organization. Present membership 
 largely increased. Rev. Sinion Barrows present 
 pastor. 
 
 At the end of the year 1871 not over fifty acres of 
 land were under cultivation. It is estimated that 
 at present over 9,000 acres are being cultivated. 
 
 The postoffice at Osceola was established in 1872, 
 William E. Loring, Postmaster. The office he held 
 at his residence. Osceola was the terminus of the 
 mail route from Lincoln via Ulysses, and the ser- 
 vice thereon was once a week. 
 
 Most of the natural timber in the precinct is 
 found along Davis creek, and comprises about five 
 acres. Of artificial timber now growing there are 
 about 300 acres. 
 
 Present population, according to census of 1876, 
 473. 
 
 SIBOMSBUEG PRECINCT. 
 
 The first settler in the precinct was Wm. H. 
 Records, who made settlement in the fall of 1869. 
 B. F. Smith, Thomas Records, J. P. Smith, A. P. 
 Buckley, P. T. Buckley, J. C. Smith and A. L. Lar- 
 son made settlement early in the spring of 1870. 
 
 The town of Stromsburg was located and sur- 
 veyed, in the summer of 1872, by Lewis Headstrom, 
 wbo acted under the instructions of the Stromsburg 
 Town Company. The first building in the town 
 was erected in the fall of 1S72, but was not occupied 
 until the winter of 1873. 
 
12 
 
 Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 Nearly everything in the business line is repre- 
 sented, and the town enjoys a large and lucrative 
 trade from the surrounding country. The present 
 population is about 100, and increasing rapidly. 
 
 The first school district organized was District No. 
 Ten (10), in the winter of 1872, Mr. J. A. Palmer, 
 teacher. Number of scholars in school six (6). 
 Messrs. J. P. Smith, Thos. Records and Wm. A. 
 Shoemaker were members of the first school board. 
 There are now six (6) school districts in the pre- 
 cinct, with a total of 180 scholars. 
 
 The first church organization was formed in the 
 summer of 1873 ; denomination Baptist, wiih an 
 original membership of fifteen (15). The present 
 membership is seventy-three (73). Charles Lund- 
 gren was the first pastor. 
 
 The second church organized was the Lutheran, 
 which was formed in the fall of 1874, J. Lundberg, 
 pastor. This denomination has a membership of 
 about 30. 
 
 The Congregational Church of Pleasant Prairie in 
 this precinct was organized in the fall of 1873, with 
 a membership of seven (7). Rev. Simon Barrows, 
 pastor. This church has largely increased in num- 
 bers, and is in a flourishing condition. 
 
 The Methodist Episcopal Church formed a society 
 of considerable numbers during the winter of 
 1875-'76. Rev. Mr. Brannon, pastor. 
 
 The Baptists and Lutherans have each a church 
 building worth together over $3,000. 
 
 In the year 1871 about fifteen acres of prairie 
 were under cultivation. At present 8,386 acres. 
 
 The first postofflce was established in Stronisburg 
 in the winter of 1873. J. C. Smith, Postmaster. 
 
 There are about fifteen acres of natural timber in 
 the precinct, - principally found along Blue river. 
 There are at present 500 acres of artificial timber in 
 the precinct. 
 
 Total popvlation of the precinct, according to cen- 
 sus of 1876, 559. 
 
 PLEASANT HOME PRECINCT. 
 
 Pleasant Home precinct is in the southwestern 
 part of the county, and S. C. Davis has the honor of 
 being its first settler. He came into the county the 
 29th of October, 1870. Shortly after Milo Barber, 
 William Maston, J. N. Nickell, John and Henry 
 Maity, J. D. Darrow and J. N. Skelton made settle- 
 ment. 
 
 In the fall of 1872 School District No. 6 was or- 
 ganized with fifteen scholars. Jay N. Skelton, 
 teacher. The members of the School Board were 
 C. J. Doremus, J. N. Nickell and S. C. Davis. 
 
 In the summer of 1872 Pleasant Home Postofflce 
 was established, with S. C. Davis as Postmaster. 
 
 The United Brethren was the first church to form 
 an organization, which they did in the fall of 1872, 
 with a membership of four. Henry Spafford was 
 their pastor. Their present membership is about 
 thirty-four. 
 
 The Methodists, in the fall of 1875, organized 
 
 with E. J. Hancock as pastor, membership about 
 twenty. 
 
 There is also an organization of Adventists, with 
 a membership of fourteen ; Rev. Mr. Boyd, pastor. 
 
 During the year 1871 about sixty-five acres of 
 prairie was broken. At present between 5,000 and 
 6,000 acres. 
 
 There is no natural timber of any account in the 
 precinct. Between 350 and 400 acres of artificial 
 timber. 
 
 Present population of the precinct, 420. 
 
 PLATTE PRECINCT. 
 
 The precinct of Platte derives its name from 
 Platte river, and is situated in the northern part of 
 the county. 
 
 Messrs. P. C. King and W. T. Dodge took Govern- 
 ment claims in March, 1871, and Messrs. Guy, Faus- 
 tus and James Beebe in April following. J. A. 
 Powers and A. G. Sherwood, Geo. W. Cadwell, Oli- 
 ver Scott, and others, came in shortly after. 
 
 School District No. 7 was organized in the fall of 
 
 1871, although the school house was not built until 
 
 1872. The school consisted of eight scholars, John P. 
 Heald, teacher. 
 
 The School Board consisted of the following gen- 
 tlemen : Moderator, Guy Beeb6 ; Director, John 
 Lohr ; Treasurer, Oliver Scott. 
 
 The first postoffice in the precinct was established 
 at Thornton, in August, 1874, J. N. Hurd, Post- 
 master, who is still in charge of the office. 
 
 The first church organized was that of the United 
 Brethren, with a membership of six. The organiz- 
 ation was made in December, 1872, Hemy Spafford, 
 pastor. 
 
 A Methodist organization was effected in March, 
 1875, with a membership of eleven. Present mem- 
 bership nearly doubled. First Pastor, E. J.Han- 
 cock. 
 
 The Lutheran Church (Swede) organized a few 
 months since, and has quite a large membership. 
 This denomination is now building a church in the 
 southeastern part of the precinct. 
 
 Number of acres of prairie under cultivation at 
 the end of the year 1875, 47 ; number of acres now 
 under cultivation, 3,350. 
 
 There is but little natural timber in the precinct ; 
 what there is consisting of willows and small brush, 
 growing along Platte river. 
 
 There are about eignty (80) acres of artificial tim- 
 bar in the precinct. 
 
 Present population, 250. 
 
 VALLEY PRECINCT. 
 
 The first settler in Valley precinct was B. H. 
 Keller, who made settlement in the spring of 1871. 
 Charles R. Clark, J. W. Sheldon, Levi Kelley and 
 James Bell came in about the same time. 
 
 W. B. Daymude, James Harmon, William Stevens, 
 D. 0. Place, Andreas Horst, John and Joseph Cur- 
 ran, M. C. Stull, John Benson, Collin and Robert 
 
Centennial History of Polk County, Nebraska. 
 
 13 
 
 Beebe and Thomas Clark were among the first 
 settlers. 
 
 The first school district organized was Number 
 Five (5), in June, 1871, with James Bell as teacher. 
 Members of School Board— James Harmon, Mod- 
 er ator ; James Bell, Director ; and William Stevens 
 Treasurer. 
 
 The first church organized was the Methodist ; 
 Rev. Mr. Whitehead, pastor. Original member- 
 ship, 7. 
 
 At the end of the year 1871, there was less than 
 200 acres of prairie under cultivation. At present, 
 over 9,000 acres. 
 
 Number of acres of natural timber, 100; arti- 
 ficial timber, 80 acres. 
 
 Population, 1871 20 
 
 Population, 1876 326 
 
 RECAPITULATION. 
 
 Number of people in the county at the end of 
 
 year 1870 , 4.. 90 
 
 In 1876 3,353 
 
 Increase 3,263 
 
 Percentage of increase, 6 years 3,625 per cent. 
 
 Average increase per year 604 per cent. 
 
 Number of scholars in county, 1871 120 
 
 In 1876 1,141 
 
 Increase 1,021 
 
 Percentage of increase, 5 years 850 per cent. 
 
 Average increase per year 170 per cent. 
 
 Number of acres of prairie broken at the end 
 
 of year 1871 7±2 
 
 In 1876 53,906 
 
 Increase, 5 years 53,164 
 
 Value of school property, 1871 $ 800 
 
 Value of school property, 1870 15,142 
 
 Increase 5 years $14,342 
 
 Acres of natnral timber, 1871 785 
 
 Acres of natural timber, 1876 same 
 
 Acres of artificial timber, 1871 none 
 
 Acres of artificial timber, 1876 2,020 
 
 Valuation of persoual property, 1871 $ 6,960.00 
 
 Valuation of personal property, 1876 195,454.60 
 
 Total valuation of real and personal prop- 
 erty, 1876 $810,236.00 
 
 We ha.ve thus detailed as correctly and in as re- 
 liable a manner as possible the historv of Polk 
 county, from her formation to the year 1876, the 
 centennial year of the nation. 
 
 Our progress, although it has been marvelously 
 rapid, has nevertheless been solid and substantial. 
 We, or those who may come after us, need have no 
 cause to be ashamed cf the origin and development 
 of our county, as exhibited in her advancement of 
 the past five years. 
 
 That the next centennial year of the republic may 
 see Polk county in the front rank aDd the peer of 
 any in the State, in civilization, culture, wealth and 
 refinement, as she is to-day, is the wish of your 
 historian. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 We herewith append as items of interest to those contemplating emi- 
 gration, a few facts in regard to lands, wages of mechanics, prices, etc. 
 
 LAND. 
 
 There is some Government Land in the county, but the choicest tracts 
 have been occupied. 
 
 Three classes of Government claims can be taken — Homestead, Pre- 
 emption and Timber claims. 
 
 Eighty (80) acres can be taken as Homestead by any citizen of the 
 United States, or one who has declared his intention to become such, and 
 one hundred and sixty (160) acres by any person who has been in the mili- 
 tary service of the United States 90 days during the rebellion. Govern- 
 ment fees $14.00 and $18.00 respectively. Pre-emption claims consist 
 of 160 acres and must be paid for at the rate of $2.50 per acre. Any 
 person above the age of 21 years, can enter 160 acres as a Timber Culture 
 claim upon setting out 40 acres of forest trees on the tract so taken, and 
 at the end of ten years will receive a patent from the Government. 
 
 All of these claims are exempt from taxation until a patent is received 
 from the United States. 
 
 Railroad lands can be purchased in the county at from $2.50 to $6.00 
 per acre, according to location, on from 5 to 10 years time, with 6 per 
 cent, interest. 
 
 Lands can be bought from other parties at prices ranging from $3.00 
 to $10.00 according to location, improvement, etc. 
 
 Messrs. John H. Mickey and A. Nance of Osceola and Lewis Head- 
 strom of Stromsburg, are agents for the sale of lands in the county. 
 
 WAGES. 
 
 Carpenters" washes are from $2.50 to $3.00 per day: Stone Masons" and 
 Plasterers' $4.00 to $5.00 ; Painters' $2.50 to $4.00. Common labor is not 
 very much in demand, as farmers, until their farms are more thoroughly 
 improved, can do most of their own work. 
 
 Farm labor commands from $16.00 to $22.00 per month and board. 
 Day laborers from $1.00 to $1.50. 
 
 PRICE LIST. 
 
 Lumber $22.00 to $27.00. 
 
 Lime $2.25 to $2.50. 
 
 Brick $11.00 per M. 
 
 Horses $200 to $300 per pair. 
 
 Work Oxen $75.00 to $140 per yoke. 
 
 Milch Cows $25.00 to $40.00. 
 
 Groceries, Dry Goods, Furniture, etc. etc., are about the same in price as in the East. 
 
THE 
 
 OSCEOLA RECORD 
 
 is 
 THE ONLY PAPER PUBLISHED 
 
 IN 
 
 POLK COUNTY, 
 
 AND AFFORDS 
 
 THE BEST POSSIBLE MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING 
 
 IN THIS LOCALITY. 
 
 It furnishes FULL and DEFINITE INFORMATION concerning the 
 
 resources of the County and its advantages as a 
 
 location for those who desire to settle 
 
 IN THE 
 
 STAT E OF N E B R A S K A . 
 
 SUBSCRIPTION TIMOR : 
 
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