Gass r PjJ ful, Book-^ CL 6 p-v/ p- / little J|«]is I/' y>¥ IHK American ^^cDofutton nD WITH ^\ EX PLAN AI'OK Y NOTES AND SCHOOL HISTORY REFERENCES BV Henry B. Carrington, m. a., ll. d. COLONEL I'NITFD STATFS ARMY Author of " ButtUs of thi American Kevoliitioyt' NEW YORK A . S . BARNES & C O M I'A N Y III & 113 Wn.LL'^M Street CHICAGO, ILL.: 36 >V 38 Madison Street COIVKK-.HTEP 1881, Hknrv B. Cakrington. ^ C-V 'A^ ^0 (Trarlirro anb ^ciioUvd INI ROUtJtrnRY ^^'1 1 F', }^ro7i'tli of the Uiiitril Statis !s so rapiii, and all nations are ^Jy so intimately associated by niodirn activities, that no orttuiary School History can combine the sterling facts of the world' s progress, and at the same time il'- statements of prnuipLs lohich those great soldiers embodied in their pliilosopliy of war, and that, '.oliile new appliances of f one are the product of spirited invention, the scion, e of loar itself remains sub- stantially unchanged. In like manner the American yout/i ivill more highly value his birth-right as an American, if he can see, that great armies and great reputations, which attach to lateiuars, only enforce the statement, that the 'war of the Revolution was one of extraordinary issues, ^nd that maturing history only adds to the reputation of Washington iis a soldier. It is not practicable to use elaborate histories as text books jn //,,. curriculum of study at Normal Colleges, Academies, High Schools or Military Schools, and the cost of school books, botfi standard and elementary, is already <> severe tax upon teachers as well as pupils. An .Itlas of maps and charts, laith military notes, ami a refer- ence to paragraph or page where each leading event is mentioned in school histories, nozc in use. 'will alike facilitate instruction and study. Some of these histories have been compiled witJi special regard to their use by distinct localities or Churches. ^ ''' ■ itlas will sup- plement the brief narrative in each, ^ud to that extent become auxiliary to the labors of the scholars -who have devoted themselves to the elucidation of American History, Jor t/ic bene jit of youth. #lnncmnt« |lla.\im$ ^HILK military science embodies many technical details, its i)hi- lu^opliy is that of sound mental judgment as to the right con- duct and support of armies in the field ; and good common sense is its sim])lest expression. The sihool pui)ii is only annoyed by the intrusion uf the formal matter of a strictly military discussion, but will lie aided in the study of military history by a plain statement of accepted sub-divisions of mililarv science as an art. The merits and defects ot ( ommanders can be better understood through some standard by which ti; weigh iheir acts. Thus, a soldier, successful, on condition th.it resourc es and sup- plies are adequately within his reach, might prove a failure if he had to assemble, organize and transport all elements of true success ; and a good Engineer or Quartermaster, is not necessarily eipial to an enier gency, when, a in the case of Washington, the commander is respon- sible for his army, as a whole, and for every subordinate element and relation. 'The following brief statement w A'l aid the student: Wise ^^ATF.SMA^■SHIP is fundamenial in declaruig military pol.cv. (IkANU Stratkcv "secures those ( ombin itions wh rh will assure the highest possible advantage in the employment of military force. It deals with the theatre of war. its chara( ter, resources, topographical features, inter-communication, and all substantial difficulties to be over- come in the way to success." Howe, at L(.)ng Island, and Brandywine. and Washington in the New Jersey cainpaign, illustrated good strategy. C.KANO T \c I h s "teaches how to handle armies in the field." Clinton and AVashington met the conditions at Monmouth. i,ii(.isii(s "embodies the practical art of bringing armies fully equipped, to the liattle issue." This involves all supplies of ordnance, ))rovisions, medicines, transportation, etc., etc. (General Ctreene excelled in this art, and Washington was ])re-eminently watchftd of minutest details. I'.N'C.iNKKRiNi; " is the application of mathematics and mechanics to works offensive and defensive, the crossing ot rivers, removal of obstacles and kindred service." dridlev showed skill in fortifying Breeds Hill, and both (ireene and Rufus I'utnam aided successfully to establish |)osts on the Hudson. S(.i du.i Kosciusko at Saratoga. MiNop r.Acin < "involves the instruction ol soldiers, individually, in the details of militarv drill, and, the perfection of discipline." This was the special merit of Baron Steuben at Valley Forge ; so that the army was seasoned for the ensuing campaign. Ife #^ ^' ®afio0rn)^l|ic«il gUitstriitiotw. List of Maps. Page. Page in Histokt. I —Outline of Atlantic Coast 6 Fkontisi'IECE 2. Ballle of Hunker Hill ■ loUows pajje 1 1 1 3.— Siege of Quebec i<> " " '37 4. — Boston and Vicinity 12 . . . . " " 154 5, — Operations in Canada 14 " *' ^^9 6. — Kattle of Long Ulind 16 " " 213 7. — New York and Vicinity iS " " 227 8. — C.iplure of Kori Wa^liington ::o " " 2;,( 9. — Trenton and Vicinity 22 " " 269 10. — Trenlon and Princeton 24 " " 277 II. — Operations in New Jersey 26 " ' 302 12.— Burgoyne's Saratoga Campaign 2S " ' 312 13. — Hallleuf llul.lMrdton .W " " 321 14. — " " Bennington 32 .. .. " " 334 15. — " " Freeman's Farm 34 . . . . " " 344 16. — •' " llcmi.^ Height.^ ,Vi " " 349 17. — .Surrender of Burgoync jS " " 354 iS. — Caplure of Foris Clinton and Montgomery (o ■' 3tii ig —Battle of Brandywinc 4- " " 3^' 20. — " " Germantown 44 " " 391 21. -I )|ieralions on ihe Delaware. ' .. " " 395 22. — " near Philadelphia 4S " " 398 23. — Encampment at Valley Forge ;o " " 401 24. — La Fayette at Barren IliU 5- " " 407 25. — Battle of Monmouth 54 " " 445 26. — Siege of Newport ^0 " " 45*' 27. — ■' '■ Savannah 5" " ' 4^3 2^ ■' " Charleston ''o " ' 4'»7 29.— Battle of Springfield 62 " ■ 502 30. — Outline Map of Hudson RivtT, Highlands 64 " " 512 31. — Baiile of Camden ' (• '■ ■ 5" 32. — Arnold at Richmond .imll'eierslmrg. fi> 533 33.— Battle of Cowpens 7" " ' 54^ 34. — Operations in Southern States 72 " " 556 35.— Battle of (iuilford 74 " " 5*5 .',6.— ■■ ■• Hobkirk's Hill 7''> " " 57- 37. — " " Kutaw Springs 7'^ " " SS- 3S. — Operations in Chesapeake Bay So " " 596 39. — La Fayette in Virginia >2 " " 6lf) 40. — Benedict Arnold at New Loiiilon S4 . . . " " 629 41. — Siege of Vorktown ^6 " " 645 42. — Summary of Events bS,..„.. COtttlittc of tl|r ^thnttir O^oii$t /^fc^HE j;e()^ra|)liiral iealures of the theatre of war dtfint- its critical ■ I , and stratt'tiic elements. Genera! Howe expressed his estimate V_i (,f the inip^-n'ling struggle vvlien he siicc- eded Gage, October lolh, 1774. by assuming command ■' in all the Atlantic Colonies, from \(i\a Scotia to VVesi Florida, inclusive." Lord 1 lartmoiith had previously advised that New \'f>rk be made the base of British operations, at the e.vjiense of abandoning Massachu- setts : and when Washington assumed command of the Amerii an army before lloston, July 3d, 1775. lie urged forward the siege and all other operations, with view to ihe earl est prac'ticable occupation of New York. Referenc e to the ma|) ex])lains their purpose. l-rom tlie usual formation of armies by right, centre and left divisions, there is derived an analogous g ographical separation into right, centre and left zones, or bells, of operation. Thus, from New York as a base, there is developed, as the right zone. New Kngland, which could be completely isolated from the iriilre (New jersey and I'ennsvKaniai whenever the force al New \'nrk had nav.al 1 ontrcjl of Hudson river and Long Island s(jund. The adequate occu])ation of Chesa])eake bay, by a f me from New York, would alike isolate the South from the centre, and i>revent inter- support. This was true British ])oli(y A wise counter strategy, devoKed \ipon the Ameri( an (omniaiider the necessity of holding the central zone, so hnnly. as to threat-n New York, sujjport the other zones, and thwart all efforts, p' rmanently to isolate, and thereby conquer in detail. New I'^ngland and the South. His location amid the fastnesses of New Jersey, exi ejit while at Valley i"'orge, when Howe held Philadelphia in force, as an advanced base, and the garrison of New York was too feeble for offensive action, enabled him so well to fulfill the best strategii conditions of ultimate success, that New Kngland was abandoned by Clinton, New York imperilled, and Vorktown was captured. Incursions and depredations only irri- tated the i)eo]ile. A classification bv teachers and jiupik, of the events of the war, by their relations to tin se zones and their effect in se]iarating, or associa- ting the differeni sections, in opposition to (Ireat 15ritain, will insure a fair basis for a judgment u]ion the character of tlie soldiers of that war I'he substantial unitv of the roUinies in their assertion of inde- l)endence, coupled with the fai t thai, when ISoston was evacuated, there remained no effective I'.rilisli g.irrison upon Coliuiial sciil, requires that the war be considered as one between two independent States, and that the aggressiveness of Great Britain be treated as an invasion, fur < on- quest. Rattle of §nn\icv f|Ul JUNE 17th, 1775 PUTNAM PRESCOTT STARK Strength, 1,400. Casualties, 449. NriTES. — The spirited skirmishes at Lexington and Concord, April 19th, encouraged the '' Massa- chusetts. Committee of Safety" and the "Council of war" to seize the heights behind Charlestown, and thus anticipate a like movement proposed by the British for June 18th. The troops organized at Cambridge, just after sunset, June i6lh. and moved under their commander, Col. PRESCOTT, for Bunker Hill; but, by advice nf Engineer Gridley, Breeds Hill was substitute.! as more eligible for resisting a British landing. PUTNAM accompanied the expedition, returned to headquarters in the morning for reinforcements, regained the peninsula, with STARK, and was conspicuously active in encouraging the troops during the day. Stark held the left, supplementing what was defective near the Mystic, while Prescott fought at the redoubt. A small trench had been begun, eastward fruni the entrance, to be returned northward and join the main line. The presence of a small pond seemed partially to protect that flank, and there was no time for more elaborate entrenchments. CLINTON HOWE PIGOTT Strcnjitli, ,5,f^oo Casualties;, 1.054. N.. IKS.— The British lamlcil at Moult.,ii's l>..irit, arul formed ...i Mort,.ii's Hill. The first ,irced by the 5lh Regiment, Gcn- rigolt again approached the redoubt, but again the whole line is repulsed, and his division reforms under, cover of a lower ridge of Breeds Hill. Charlestown is in flames. Clinton and Hurgoyne cross over and take part in the action. The 47th Regiment and marines, freshly arrived, unite with the 43d and ssd to support the 5lh and 38th in^'a combined attack upon the redoubt, while the grenadiers, light infantry and artillery, complete the general line of advance. Howe turns two available guns upon the entrance to the redoubt. The Americans, now being without .immunition, retreat. I'utnain attempted 10 provide a rallying place on Bunker Hill, but found it impracticable. Gen. Warren, present as a volunteer, was killed near the entrance of the redoubt, and each army engaged lost nearly .a third of its force. Mem.— rA<- AVt//.i/i landing ikouu/ kavt hern made from ihi Mystic^ in rear 0/ ttunker Hill, or from ikt isthmus, un.Irr cK-fr „r Ikt Jleel. Itrfrtciirco CaKRINGTON'S "BaTTLKS '(F IIIF. AMKRIC.AN KKVriLUTIOV," p[i. 92-II7. School 5ii.!5!tonr.&: Anderson, ^ 20; p. 7'->. Holmes, \ 8 ; p. iii. Swinton,^^ 79-84 ; p. 120-1, Barnes, ^ ^ ; p. 108. Lnssing, ^ 10-14 ; P- 132-^1- Scott, ^ 5-8 ; p. 161*3. Bcrard (Bush), T^ 41-42 ; p. 143-4. Quackenbos,^2g4-7; p.aog-12. Thalheimer (Eclectic),^ ; Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys),^ 9; p. 115. Ridpath, ^ 8-12 ; pp. 189-90. p. 134-5. Goodrich. S. G., «[ 4-15; pp. 193-4. Sadlier (Excel),!' 16-18; p. 17-980 Venable, 1" 123 ; P- 96. Hassard, ^ 10-19; p. 159-62. Stephens, A, H., ' ; ; p. 173-4- School Hill THE BATTLE OF BREEDS HILL, OR BUNKER HILL. Comi.,k.d :i„dDra„ul,, Coh CiUTmst.m. ^^^™ nrtlish i Brp-Hs Hill / eft'"-''' ' ^$$aiUt npmt (OucUcc DECEMBER 30, 1773 Jlmnnrau (Tommanbrt^ MONTGOMERY ARNOLD Strength, 1,300. ("asu.-ilties, 750. NoTF^.— ARNOLD left C.imbridge Sept. 17th, sailed from Newport Sept. i()th, entered the Ken- nehec River Sept. aolh, sent scouts to Dead River and Lake Mcgantic (sec map 1 ), and advanced Morgan's rillcmen on the 23d. This command of 1,100 men, with rations for 45 days, was expected to make the m.irch to St. Lawrence River in 20 days. Storms, swamps, thickets, freezes, hunger and desertions reduced the number one fourth, and Point Levi was not reached by the survivors until Dec. gth. On the i3lh, at night, 750 men crossed in birch bark canoes, but daylight having revealed the movement, the residue, with ladders already prepared for storming purposes was left behind. Arnold picketed the roads from Lorette, St. Foy and Three Rivers, to cut off supplies for Quebec ; but finding that tile garrison had been strengthened during his protracted march, lie retired to Point Au.\ Trembles on the igth, to await tlie arrival of Montgomery. MONTGOMERY succeeded Schuyler (sick) in command of a second expedition, organized at Ticonderoga to invade Canad.i rv'.i Montreal, captured that city November 12th, left Wooster in command, and joined Arnold about Dec. isl. Ad%-aiicing through snow drifts ten feet deep, he ijuartered his men in houses of the suburb of St. Roche, on the Charles River, before dark, Dec. 5th. ( In the 6th he demanded the surrender of Quebec, but received no reply. t)n the glh a battery of six guns .ind two mortars w.as planted before St. John's gate. The hard frozen ground and extreme cold rendered regular approaches impracticable, and the small cahbre of the guns rendered them useless tor breaching purposes. On the 16th an assault was planned. On the night of the 30th one column demonstrated against St. John's and St. Louis' gates ; one column against Cape Diamond bastion, while one, under Montgomery-, toward Kings ^'ard, beneath Cape Diamond, and a fourth under Arnold, through the lower town, by I'orte de Palais, made the chief attacks. Premature signals alarmed the garrison, and in spite of desperate valor, both assaults failed. Montgomery, McPherson, Cheeseman and ten others were killed by one discharge of gr.apeshoI. Arnold wa.s wounded, and Morgan, who ai companied him, was taken prisoner with 426 odicers and men. Arnold retreated, and the siege was praclicilly abandoned until spring. SIR GUY CARLETON, Governor of Canada, distinguished himself by kindness to the pris- oners He h.id withdrawn from Montreal in safety, at the attack of Montgomery, reached Point Anx Trembles the same day as Arnold, just missing him, and by his arrival increased the garrison of eaveys),1" 14. p. 117. Ridpath, 1 19; p. 191. p. 137-8, Goodrich. S.G.,^ 8; p. ioo. Sadlier ( E.xcell, ^ 21 ; p. 180. Venable, K 126; p. g3. Hassard, 1i ^ : p. 164. Stephens. A H, « 10 : p. 177 o b ^ iii^ hkijM JUNE 201I1, 1775 iti MARCJH lycli, 1776 WASHINGTON WARD, LEE, PUTNAM, GREENE, SULLIVAN, THOMAS, R. PUTNAM, MIFFLIN. Strength, ;j.372 ('a^ualties 30 ^vitieh (f ommnnbn*0 HOWE PIGOTT BURGOYNE CLINTON '^trenijth. i).i47 Casualties, Nominal Notes.— Immediatelv .ifler the .iction .it Breeds Hill, Putnam fortified Ploughed Hill and I'rospect Hill, so cffectinlly, that"" Mirrrs.,f„| snnir ».as m.ide acrn« th- isthmus. Kv thr British force on Chaile-ln.n Hfiijhtv The position of the American divisions appears from the map. Th - environment was complete. During the winter. Washington waited, in vain, for such thickness of ice as would en.ahle him to cross and attempt the city by assault The strategy, which was finally successful, commanded universal praise from conteniporarj' soldiers. After sunset, March ist, and again during the entire night of March 4th. all batteries within prac- tical rant^e. opened fire upon the city, and with such effect as to compel the garrison to keep under cover. liy daylight of March 5tli. two redoubts crowned Dorchester Heights. (Jenerals Greene and Sullivan were in position at Fort No. 2. near Putnam's headquarters, to resist any attack, in case the British discovered the proposed movement before its execution. Eight hundred picked men. well armed, and a working party of twelve hundred, marched silently, under command of General Thomas. Three hundred cirls, with picks, tools and fascines, had been provided by Quartermaster Mifflin, who had been in Washington's confidence, during preparation for the movement. Rufus Putnam acted as Chief Engineer. The British lu.lde ..iie effort to dislodge the Americans rr..m the Heights, but th.ir l.o.is were dispersed by a storm, and the attempt was 11. .t repeated By March 10th, the Americans had fortified Nook's Hill, and during that night, eight hundred shot and shell were tlirown into the city. (in the I7lh (lener.d Howe rvac.ial.H, and ..t, the 20th (Jeneral V.'ashington entered Hoston. Itcfcvcncro : Cakkivi;|'in's " liM 1 i.i-s II \MH. if^7. Berard (liushl, 1 5;; p. 148. Quackenbos, ^ 307 ; p. 219, Ihalheinier (KclccticI, 1 248 ; Goodrich.C. A.iScaveys)^i6; p. 117. Ridpalh, 1 3-5 ■, p. 193. p. 13-'. Goodrich, S. G., 1 7-S ; p. 204-5. Sadlier (Excel.), 1 23 ; p. 182. Venable, 1 .27 ; p. g8. Hassard, ^ 12-13 ; p. 167. Stephens, A. H , 't i ; ; ].. 17:. ^!^4v4t, %?>^ Caa^K^ a//f/ />njii7,M (h/ /'tinm//lii/te Yiriuity. < ( s/ 4^" f f CI. ^ (Oficvtttiotts itt d^duniin I'RcjM Sl''.l' r. 1755, TO JIj'I.V i77() Schuyler, Montgomery, Wooster, Thomas, Sullivan ARNOLD, J. &H. B. LIVINGSTON, WAYNE, Col. GREEN, OSWALD, MORGAN, WARNER, IRVINE, PORTERFIELD, ALLEN, THAYER, THOMPSON CARL£TON BURGOYNE PHILLIPS, RIEDESEL, PRESCOTT, ERASER, NESBIT, McLEAN Ni'TK'^. 1 he Canada campaign was ba-sed upon the thenr>' that the people of that country were fully III earnest to resist the enforcement of certain Acts of Parliament, which were reported to be as offensive in practical aiiiihration, as those which irritated the othirr colonies. The garrisons at Montreal nnti ( )iielK'c were known to be small, antl the acquisition of Canada would leave no independent land base for Hiitish O|)erations on the continent. The people of Canada did not rcs|)onil. in force. The expe- ditions wen- too feeble to coniiuand their respect, or act indeuendently, and the season of the year was exccedniL-ly unpmpilious for field service. (...vernor I arleton had moved southward to St. Johns, intending tosecure TIconderoga and Crown Point, which h.1.1 been seired by Allen and Warner on the 10th and nth of May. Schuyler was entrusted with command of the column against Montreal. It reached Isle La Motte ^ept. 3d, Isle Au.\ Noix Sept. 4th. and embarked for St Johns Sept. 6th. Montgomery at once succeeded to the command, as Schuyler was compelled to return to Ticonderoga on account of sickness. October iSlh, Livingston (James) and Major l;rown, with a local force, seized Chambly, and large supplies. Cieneral Wooster then joined Montgomery, and, after a siege of fifty days, captured St. Johns, Nov. 3d, and (>o-< prisoners, Andre among the number. Xov. 12th, Montgomery occupied Montreal, and Carlcton retired to Quebec On the ist of April, 1776, Wooster assumed command in Canada, and attempted to rednre Quebec. Arnold injured his wounded limb by a fall from his horse, and returned to Mon- treal with Wooster, who took a sick leave, while Thomas took command, "u Nlay i>t. Carleloii made a prompt sortie, in force, and the American army, after much loss, retreated to Dechambaiilt, 58 miles below Montreal, and on the id of June reached Sorel. Here C.ener.il Thomas died, and Sullivan took command on the fth. The battle of the Cedars, near Montreal, had alreailv been disastrous 10 American prestige in that vicinity. On the 1st of June, the British army in Cana' numbered 5^0, and Backus' light horse 153. Some regiments made no returns. Note V.— Washington retired from Hariem to the mainland ; left a garrison at Fort Washington ; moved along the west side of the Bronx toward White Plains, to protect his supply depot, keep his communication with New England, and foil the plan of Howe to shut him up between the East River and the Hudson. Note VI.— Howe leaves Percy at McGowan's Pass, lands at Ihrogg's Neck ; finds the passage to the main land well guarded; rceinbarks; lands at Pell's Point; on the 16th and .7th, has a skirmish beyond East Chester, at a stone fence ; passes New Rochclle on the 21st, and goes into camp. Note VII —On the a2d, Knyphausen, having .arrived from Europe, lands at Meyer's Point ; protects Howe's base, and moves toward Fort Washington on the 28th, on which date Howe gains a position at White Plains. Note VIII.— Chattertnn Hill, ^^.j,;^), commanded Howe's camp, as well as White Plains, and was occupied by McDougall and two guns of Capt. Alexander Hamilton,'' -'■"'i"':'' ''V ■-'^'••'' '""l Rahl on the 29th. British casualties, 231. American casualties, 130. Note IX.— Howe wails for reinforcements; loses one day, through a storm, a„j Washington retiring, attain.s a strong position on North Castle Heights. """'• ''""' '°''=''' """'■'='' '' '°'' Hudson River, at Dolibs Ferri', to operate against F.irt Washington. Note X,-The fight at Chatterton Hill is generally knosvn as the " Battle of While Plains," at which place there was uo actual collision between the armies. |tcfn*nicir!5: Carrington's "Battles of thk Ameku,a.\ k evolution." pp 228.234 'Jakrington's Battles ; for other Details, pp. 214-242 ichool ^listorirs : Anderson, If 35 ; p. 75. Holmes, ^ 21; p. 119. Swinton,t 115; p. 128. Barnes, ^ I ; p. 116. Lossing, 1j iK ; p. 146. Scott, ^ 12 ; p. 171. Berard(Bush), 1 63; p. 153. Quackcnbos.l 319; p. 229. Thalheimer 'Eclectic), ^ 254-1 Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys),1 5; p. 121. Ridpath, 1 21 ; p. 197. p. 145-6. Goodrich, S. G., 1 i : p 21 j. Sadlier (Excel),1 4; p.187. Venable 1 135 ; p. 102. liassard, ^> 9; p. 17S. Stephens, A. H.. 1 9 ; p. 193. (tiiv*^^^'*^ **f ^^^^ piaehinptou NOVEMBER i6th, 1776 MAGAW^ RAW^LINGS CADWALLADER BAXTER MILLER Sirength, 2,764 (asualtic-, 130 Surrendered, 2 034 Note.— Cadwalladcr «a, advanced .•-outhward f. iKc old field-work-; near ihe Morris House, lo resist British approach from New York. Baxter and Miller ', which might be used from Laurel Hill. ^i*itt0h C^0mmattbrt0 CORNWALLIS HOWE CLINTON KNYPHAUSEN MATTHEWS RAHL PERCY STERLING Strength, 9,000 Casualties. 454 ■^ ,-,. r..,,- I Till- ^i . Iiii.i'i r^' ■■uAr,: rl.r Hariri., River, practically gained the rear of the w.,rks t with the loss of -o men taken prisoner. ,.: two small oi.t-works in succession, followed I nil. 1 llol. 11.,,;.!... II iinlcnaWe This force 1, i.d eluded the vigl- P.axterand Wilier fell. Rawlings w.as wounded in the ati.ak from the North. A g' .I'-ral as^aiili ninp' 'led siirreiKltr. In storming the rear ascent, eastward, which was already commanded by guns placed in position on Laurel Hill, '>"■ ne-.si.,r, iri^ini. i.i i \< •■, li.,,,,, l.isberg, Sleiii Nesse,i|..i. k and Iiiiil.rlli l..st , ■' in.-i The great loss in tents and heavy guns was severely felt by the .Vnierican army. ME.Nt.— VViis Fort ,ii,l tuil /'nvfil Ihl fassage o/shifs o/ mur up /lie Hudson, ..j had been exfeil- /•,/, ,tnd Hi /.w.r, exceft in men and materials 0/ war, did not permanently injure the American ,,;,vir. Its /-ossession hy the British, as an outmost 0/ Ne-.o York, continually required a garrison. a'!. I the Americans maintained commuuication ivith Ne'io England , through /oris higher up the Hudson. Ihe je:v incursions to West, hestcr had little e/Mt on the lour. Ikfcvcncco : CAI(l:j,ku \ , KlVdl.in liiM," jip. 2.12-254. %rhool ifti.stovir.o : .Anderson. •; y, ; p. 70 Holmes, 1 2.' ; p. 120. Swinton, ^ 116 ; p. 129. Ranie.,, 1 1 ; ]>. Ii6. Lossing, 1 20 : p. 147. Scott, 1 14 ; p. ni. Herard l Hushi, ^ 66 ; p. 154. Quackenbos, * 423; jt. 231. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^ 256 ; Goodrich, C.A.lSeaveysi,^ 6; p. 121. Ridpath, ^ 23 ; p. 198. p. 146-7. Goodrich, S. G., 1 4-s ; p.213 Sadlier, (Excel), t 4 ; P- t87 Venable, 1 nfi ; p. loa. Hassard, ^ i : V <"< Mephens, A H. { 10; p .94. Cvm/ii/e^ a/ii/ JJranii //J /!'/ (arnii/ilon Molts. A- First aftatA iinttrr O'en I Xn)/ih/rnie» b\/ t/r/ucA/nrnfj front fftiSians o/ fit r cor/ti Ihfilriffuife crfiallsar^/lrgia n if I B. Srceiir/ a/tarA iyUe/ 'Li fa/tons nfLlg/itlnfftntry i7/////it ff/ft'tian/^twt^frffrtif Ot/r'Mi^'^ i /ii^sn/i/wr/ni^ f/tr/'*fiUO/r// 1 n^^ __ ^ijlrih,. (.'ninfaffari i/i/r/iifrr' i • •- /?/rifiyMri!i~'^ff'/ -J Sffr/tn/f stt/t/icrfrt/ r-? M.FaiirfAu/farA fit ' ofSritish u/!^ '//■- Jr/ny dur/tet/ if/i » * .^^ V The ®fcuton The Mai:cb niib t}VVill which ttarnEsml yirittttu* fMjlilicrs, Matesnien and N()Ti:S. and 8ai*i'il 51 cur Icrsci^, Note. -General Charles Lee kept back his division of troops, f'lr selfish ends, although repeatedly ordered tu join Washington, and thus crippled his superior officer in Writers was NciTP, 2— 'A'ashington moved from Newtowti, iJeceni- ber J5th, to Taylorsvill,;, 9 miles above Trenton, with 2,400 men, where he formed his two columns f...r the sur- prise of Rahl. the jilanncd ami :.J0TR 3. -General James Ewing was to cross below New town with 547 men, to sieze the bridge across the As- sinpink and cut off retreat to the South. Old Wtttld, executed, with Note 4 —Col. John Cadwallader was to cross at Bris- tol, below Bordentown, where Donop's Hessians were stationed, and co-operate with Grifhn, already East of the Delaware, who was to occupy Donop\ attention from the North paid 'i'rihute SupEemo Note 5— General Putnam was expected 10 cross at Philadelphia with one thousand men. Disaffection in that City prevented him. to l-'aith in Success, Note 6— The column of Washington alone effected a timely crossing. Donop abandoned Bordentown after a sharp skirmish with Griffin ; and on the 27th, Cadwal- hader reached Bordentown with 1,800 men The ice pre- vented the landing of his artillery on the 26th, and tie abandoned the attempt then made. this great Stuttko in sjxite at the ■ Note 7 —The .Map indicates the sub-division aud march of Washington's columns ; the advance of Corn- wallis from Princeton, January sd, 1777, when he crowded Hand and Greene back upon Trenton ; also the American march ..f January 3J, whereby Wasliingt,.n fell upon the rear of the British Army, under Mawhood, at the Treacherij ^.merican uf General fienetal in ^haflcs l.ce. f'hief. ^nttU uf ®ti?«toii DECEMBER 26th, 1776 ^mnnran Commrtitbct* WASHINGTON Strength, 2,400 Casualties, 2 killed, 3 wounded PM. — /lw.'«c ""• I'lound,;! ii-ere Captain, afterwards Col. Waskington, auj Lieut, yaiiies '.-, nfter-imir.is I'rtsident Monmr. Tliry -Mere mounded tvliile capturing two .guns in /rani ,n the loth Howe found that he could not draw Washington from his strong position, and returned 10 Brunswick Ma.vwell was at once sent forward to take position between^ Brunswick and Amboy, to cut off detached parties or baggage, while Greene was sent with three brigades to follow the river and attack their rear, so soon as they should leave the post. Stirling joined Maxwell, and Greene pursued as far as Piscataway. Washington moved his army to Quibbletown, and Stirling was placed in advance, at Metuchen. On the 26th. Howe resumed the offensive, and advanced to Scotch Plains and Westfield Com- wallis marched, via Woodbridge, at 7 A. M. with the right wing, and Howe with the left wing, ap- chcd Metuchen Meeting House, expecting that Cornwallis would gain the passes to Middlebrook. Bonhampton to threaten the American right wing. proachcd Metuchen Meeting House, ex Four battalions, with six guns, were als alli< had hardly passed through Wr.odbridge when he was confronted with Stirling ■ but, by ar as Westfield and Plainfield. capturing three Euns. and artillery, cr.iwded h nAicting upon Stirling a loss of 200 men. at the co OSS. W.ashington at once comprehended the whole before Cornwallis, who had been delayed by Stirling, of no Ma retireti ■ his fri Or in favor of th the afternoon 1 On the 10th H .f the of C( ■th. Corn tall: alii- nore tnan 70 t, recovered the pa.sses to his old post, Id reach them, and Howe, who had threatened /cM. left Westfield. passed through Saropton, and joined id .Im •d hi ^m/r>M a/r^ J)/ ,i „ ; / / ^ „,„, ,/ ,, l-roni JUNE 2otli to OC'l'. 19th, 1777 BURGOYNE Strength, 7,863. Notes. On the 20th of June, 1777, Hurgoyne established his preliminary camp at Roquet Ri%^r, and on the 21st held a conference wiih Indian auxiliaries, engaged by him, under direction of Lord Germaine, but against his own judgment. The army left CroWn P-mit, to which ii had advanced on the 30th. in three divisions. The British infantry, grenadiers and a4ih Foot, with Canadians. Indians and ten guns, marched down the west sh.irc and encamped four miles from Ticonderoga. The German reserve and Hessian troops followed the east shore. Buigoync accompanied the fleet. SCHUYLER ST. CLAIR GAT£S Strcnglh, 3,446, iiK hiding Militia. Notes. The first British objective was the capture of Ticonderoara. A bridge of boats com- munic.lte.l wifli Fori Independence. .\ boom of bciny l.jgs and sunken timbers was deemed sufficient to i)p'veMt the piissatjc of ships into South Kiver. The Americans neglected to icirtify Sugar Lo,if Hill, deeming it inaccessible The investment began July ist. During the night of July 4th, the British occupied Sugar Loaf Hill, south of the fort, commandine it, and named the new position. Fort Defiance. Riedesel also cx- tejided his lines, so as iiearly to enclose Fort Independence. The fort became untenable. During the night of the slfi ..f July, the Americans siartcd 2.-o batteau.'i, under Col. Long, for Skenesborough, with their surplus supplies and iii\.ilid Iroops. At ^ A .M , July 6, uh.n .he relreai w.is well begun, a burning house at M.nint Independence ex- po.ed the movem.-ni 10 the hesicgeis C.euer.il Si Cl.iir bad already started toward Cavtieton. Phillips sent Eraser in pursuit, and joined Burgoyne, who took shipping through South River for Skenesborough. Riedesel put a garrison in Fort Independence and followed Fra.ser. The British sea- men cut through the bridge, and the fleet landed its troops at Skenesborough, shortly after Col. Long had landed and started for Fort Ann, 11 miles to the south, On the 7lh, Col, l.out; had a sh.irp engagement with Lieut. -Col. Hill and Major Forbes, near Fort •'^nn ; but, being compelled to retreat, burned the fort and retired 10 Fort Edward The British moved their heavy guns, bv water, to Fort fjeorge. while Burgoyne halted at Skenes- borough, and the left wing under Fraser and Riedesel pursued St. Clair. Cakrini-.tiin's " Battles ok the Amkrkan KEvoLtTio.s," pp. 301-312. School "iU.otinifi : Anderson, 1 S7 ; !■ 8.. Holmes, ^ 5 ; p. 1=5 Swinton, ', 142 ; p. 134. Barnes, ^ i ; p. 121. Lossing, ^ 18 ; p. 157 Scoit, ^ 12 ; p. 184. Berard (Bush), 1 73 ; p 15^. Quackenbos, ^ 334 ; p. 24,:. Thalheiraer (Eclectic, 1 : Goodrich,C. A.(Seaveys)^ 18; p. 126. Ridpath, ^ 12 ; p. 202-3. p. 150. Goodrich, S. G., ^ 4 ; p, 224, Sadlier (Excel.), •; 9 ; p. 189. Venablc.l 14.,; p. 106-7, Hassard, 1 s ; ].. 191. Stephens. A H , " 21 ; p lo^'. •• JXpittsford. witier orders o/Ge«lSlarlvJJ'g.id-Jii'- Rattle af gnltliuvtrtan JUl.V 711,, 1770 ^mcrtran OTommunber FRANCIS Strt-nizth, 1.300 Casuallies, 360 ^vitialt Comttumbct FRASER Strenj^tli, 1.400 Casualties, 203 XiiTi:.— riener.1l St. Cl.iir. retreating from Ticonderoga, hastened toward Castleton. which he reached by niyht. July 6th. He left Col. Scth Warner with 150 men at Hubbardton, to colleri strag- glers and await the arrival of Col, Francis, who left Mount Independence with the rear guard of the American army at four o'clock in the morning. Col. Francis, being joined at Hubbardton by Col. HaJe, and thus having a force of nearly 1,300 men, determined to give battle. He attacked Fraser as soon as his pursuing columns appeared, before they could select their ground, and by use of fallen trees and other cover, made an effective attack. The precipitate retreat of Hale (then an invalid) left Francis and Warner but nine hundred men. just whenKi^'icrscl aiul Fart Halcarras ai lived with their buii.iUons. and rntcrcd inr. the acti-.n with vi^nr. h.uid playir.*;. and confident ■-( success. Stedman * />V///j^ author) says: "The Americans maintained their post with great resolution and bravery." The reenforcements did not arrive so soon as e.• t!,/ (;zm>r,//m Rattle of ^cnninjtott AUGUST i6tl., 1777 ^mci*lcan (f ommanbi?t* STARK Strength, 1,450 Casualties, 84 ^intbh (Eommanber BAUM£ Strength, 550 Casualties, J07. Americans take 600 prisoners, including Tories Mem.— ( Thr luiltle of Benninglon resulted J-roui an attempt made by Burgoyn, to secure flour and other sup/'lies, -.uhich a loyalist . Major Skene, had reported to te collected at that place. The route from Skeneskorough to Fort EdivarJ, on l/ie Hudson river, had been so obstructed ky/elled timber and broken bridges, by order of (>en. Schuyler, that Burgoyne did not reach that post until July y>th, and his army already e.vperienced a scarcity o/ provisions. NiJTE>;.-lln 1I1C iilhcf August, Ll.Col. n.iume wasslarled from H^tien Kill, with 5W tncn 10 c.iplurt the stores. (Jn the 14th he t>a.l ;i skirmish :it \an Schaik s null, where he destr.,v.-! -,„,e flour, .ind wrote t<. Burgovne that a rc.rre ..f fifteen to cichtern hundred men- was reponccf 1 I.- .rt Uennii.i;!.... \lr.,,,u hil.-; i .\,.l!-.l^, >mi!, .,n.l uilt,..ul ..r^,i-, ^■ ■ ^.■ , i; I, mm, I.. Oiare in the i.iin/er toikc (Ji, the 1,1 li... I 1> A. .M., Ll, e„;, l^iC) ulc.j.nga.j..Jc,, ,.;, .,; .j .. ..;..,,i,, Uti llMrcnvneMien^^ quarters with icen(orcemcnts.vi).: loo men and two Runs Heavv rain rt-tarded llu- . "lunn,, liiniNEiK tlie .idvanre 10 less than a mile r,n hcur. On the same day Col. Warner left Manchester for Benning- ton, where he halted one day, to rest the men and dry their arms and equipments. With the arrival of Col. Symonds, the Americans numbered nearly two thousand men. On the i6ih. Stark, without wailing (ur the entire command to be ready, advanced against the enemy. Stickney cut ntf the detachment at the bridge. Hubbard dispersed the small force in front of the bridge. Herrick attacked the Hrilish (irenadiers, wh'. were posted ne.ir the S.ir-itoga road, on the Hritish right, while Nichols turned Haume's left. , Stark. Inmscll. ascei.did lli.- f f the hill and stormed the breastworks. 1 i. - I m.i.h. .iln- . ■ - 1 1-.; 1 . . , , ,; li,-l..,.||, .<:, Ihr i:nli-h 1..- lii l.i.le.i. .— . .,im; . ... r,.',. l..,l f.K Ir (... I.I Col Hreyman arrived and .pe„e,l r.re with his i;ui.>, while the Anientai,,. widely dispersed, werec.llectinc the tr.>phies if ll.- •i.-l.l Ih- (.ii: ir- ..| IVevm:,"' :ir-ill.-rv ammMnilin,-,. ,md the timely arrival of Col. Warner with his fresh regiment. • ompleted the victory at Bennington. lAKKINilli'X • I'.MIIF'- o|. im .XMIRIC.W K IVI m i; I'll i.N , " fi|,. -? %rUool Tu.stovici: Anderson, ^ 62 ; p. 83. Holmes, «; 7 ; p. 126. Swinton, 1 145 ; p. 114. Barnes, 1 2 ; p. 123. I^ossing, 1 20 : p. 15S. .Scott, 1 16 ; p. 186. Berard (Bush), 1 76; p. 157. Quackenbo-, «' 338; p. 242-1. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ^ 264 , Goodrich, C.A.ISeaveysi,"; tg; p. 1..-7. Ridpath, « 13; p. 203. p. 151; Goodrich, S. G., ^ 1-7 ; p. 226 Sadlier, iPJxcelKl 2 ; p. 191. Venable, T 140: p. 117. Ha.ssard, 1^ 12-13 ; p. 1Q4. Stephens, A.M. * 26; p. 200. N.irF. —The invasion bv Hurgoync had supp'prt from a inoveinciit into Cenlral New York - ;,, (l;wego, under Si I.eger. against l'..rt S. huyh-r its object was to reach Albany by the Mohawk Valley, in the rear of the American army. The " B.ittle of Oriskany" was fought; General Herkimer was wounded and, the American casualties were nearly 400. Col Marinus WiUett held the fort, with success ; and the approach of Arnold to its relief induced St. Leger to give up the siege, which he began with assurance of success. General Schuyler planned the relief from this attack, provided for the detail of Learned and Arnold for the purpose, and the result vindicated his uwn expectations, and those of Washington. Carrinstou'! " Battles 0/ the American Revolution." pp. 3-4-5 Rattle of ^vccmanV ^avm SEPTEMBER 17th, 1777 ^mnirau Commanferv^ MORGAN GAT£S POOR LIVINGSTON LEARNED ARNOLD DEARBORNE Strength, 3,500. Casualties, 321 AMERICAN POSITION.— Gates succeeded Schuyler, August tgth, 1777, and established hi; camp, four miles north of Stillwater, and twenty-four above Albany, on the west bank of the Hudson river, at a point selected by Kosciusko, then Engineer in the American service. The position wa: strong, and adequately armed. |Jritl6h Cammattbct*^ FRASER, RIEDESEL, BITRGOYNE BALCARRAS, PHILLIPS HANAU, HUMPHREYS, ANSTRUTHER, HAMAGE JONES, KINGSTON, FORBES BRITISH POSITION.- As early a!t August 14th, a bridge of rifls had been thrown over the river at Saratoga, where (Icn. Hurgovne made his headquarters, in preparation for an advance upon Albany. This bridge was carried away by a rise of the Hudson, but was replaced by a bridge o( boats, by which, on the 13th and 14th of September, the entire British army crossed. On the 15th, the army moved to Dovegat iCoveville', and on the 17th, encampeil within about four miles of the American lines, NOTES. KiiTF I.— Skirmishing occurred between the two armies on the iSth, and en the iqlh Hiir^nyne advanced, in three columns, to attack the American position, Six companies of the 47th Kegiment Suardcd camp. The ri'^Al T'"f< "'"i" Fraser, with the 9th and a4lh Regiments, the Hritish gren.i- iers, the Rangers and Canadians, moved west, then south, and had a sharp skirmish near the spot where Fraser was killed Oct. 8th. 7/iii n'lW then moved east, toward Freeman's Farm, to aid the centre. The .(■/./»/•, under liurgoyne. including 63d and aoth Regiments, moved southward, and de- ployed westward, on the road, and waited for Fraser to complete his longer march and gain the position assigned him on the right, and, also, fur the left to gain its designated i>osition. The /r/l winr. under Phillips and Kiedesel, moved down the river bank, and then westward, to support the centre, but did not arrive untilit was hotly engaged. Note IF— The Americans early took the offensive. Upon Arnold's .idvice, Gator.ordered him to send .Morgan's Riflemen and Dearborne's Light Infantry from his division, to oppose thu British rifA/^ which attempted to turn the American /,//. The movement was timely and successful. The Cana- dians were driven back, and both Americans and British, during the conflict, moved cistward, until they took part in the general engagement, which centered about Freeman's Farm, by four o'clock in the afternoon, .^t this time the whole of Arnold's division was engaged with the British right wing ; and, as the Americans received rccnforcements, it required the timely arrival of the Hessian column, with artillery, to resist their impetuous assaults. The American /,;/>, at one time, advanced beyond the farm-house, which Earl Balcarras had forti- fied, and attempted t(i turn the position of the Csd Regiment. The 9th (reserve) came to its relief. The aoth and 63d Regiments were almost destroyed. No I E 11 1.— This .action left both parties worn out, for the day. The British ctmlrf, under Burgoyne, 1 too men had half its force killed or wounded through their desperate charges, Jones' battery (four gunsl lost 36 out of 48 men. Sergeant Lamb says, in his Journal ; " The conflict was dreadful ; for four hours a constant blaze of nre was kept up, and both armies seemed determined on death or victory." The American casualties were 65 killed. 2iS wounded and 38 missing, Morgan's Riflemen were especially active, while the regiments of Cillery, Scammel, Hale, Van Cortland, H, B. Livin.gston, Cook and Latimer, with Dearborne's Light Infitntry, all of Arnold's division, vied with those of Bailey, ■W^esson, Jackson and James Livingston, in the contest. Carrin'iton's "Battles of thk A.meruan Revolitiom," pp. 335-346. School "ftistovus : Anderson, «" (4 ; p. 64. Holmes, l^ o ; p 126-7. Barnes, * 2 ; p. 123. Lossin^, .•; -"2 ; p. 159. Berard I Bush 1, t 78; p. 157. Quackenbo;, •; 342 ; p. 24, Goodrich. C..\. (Seaveys), 5 22- P- '28. Ridpa'h *'i5; p,204. p. 152. Goodrich.S. 0,,1[— ; p, — . SadlierlExcell, 111-12; p. 191. Vcnable, 1 10; p. Hassard, 1 15 ; p. 195. Stephens. A. H., I 28 ■ p. 201. 34 «- it 1* * ' / // r / ^ -f > > ^ ^ ^ / / S / "^9 « *- . ?- "5ii^ r FT iSmiidiiijfaiiu 344* ^attlp of ^cmts f)diiht0 OCI'OBEK ;ili, 17; ^medcnn ffiommrtnbcv$ MORGAN LEARNED GAT£S POOR NIXON DEARBORNE, ARNOLD, (Volunteer,^ LIVINGSTON, TENBROECK, ^rttteh (f omiimubrv0 RIEDESEL BURGOYNE ERASER DeHEISTER BALCARRAS ACKLAND NoTR I -Iturgoyiic, with provisions scarce ami army wasting, tiiatie a dcsiipr,nc effort, witii i ,500 men and ten gi.ns, t" turn ihe American left and nain its rear. Note II, -( lal.-s, ,v|ually prompt, started troops, vinder Col. Brooks, to move around tlie Dritish right Nori; 111 ri,.: llrilisli lin- f.Tme.l 01, the Heiglns (see map, for details of forniationi, «as attacked furiously by Morgan, Learned, Poor, Dcarbone and Tenliroeok. Arnold, although relieved by Lincoln, who had arrived on the .-gth of September, dashed on, with his old c.uuin.ind, regardless of Note IV. - Ihe British artillery, which, at first, fired over the assailing column, was speedily over- run by the swift charge. Kraser fell, while rallying the broken line. Patterson and Glover bring up their columns. The Ilritish order a general retreat. Kalcarras still holds I-Veeman's Karm ; but the American troops sweep on, and storm the works held byBreyman. He is killed, and Arnold is wounded as he enters the redoubt, from the north. The regiments of Wesson and Livingston were among the most active in the final assault. Note V —The lung delayed promotion of Arnold w.as promptly made by the American Congress. Note VI. -The British casualties e.vcee.led 500. The American casualties were not more than 150. Sir Francis Clark died from wounds received, and Major Ackland, also wounded, became a prisoner , as well as Major Williams. N.TP Vll.— I he British army retired to. present! Schuylersvillc, crossed the Kishkill,and carefully entrenched its camp, leaving their old camp on the Bth, at night. Carrini'.Tiin's "Haiti, I- 11 nn \-!iki> \\ l;i \ ..i.i tion," pp. 345-350. ^thool 'iii'jtovic'i: Anderson, ^ ("5 ; p. S4. Holmes, ^ 9 ; p 126-7. Swinton, 1 14^ ; p. 135. Barnes, ^ i ; p. 124. Lossing, ^ 22 ; p. 159. Scott, ^ i3 ; p. 187. Berard(Bush),18o; p. 158. Quackcnbos, t 344 ; p. 246. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ Goodrich, C..\. (Seaveys), 1 22. p. 128. Ridpath, ^ 16 ; p. 204. p. 152. Goodrich, S.G.,t—; p. — . Sadlier (E.icel), ^11-12; p. 191. Venable, f 19; p.109. Hassard, 1 iS ; p. 195. Stephens, A. H., 1 29 ; p. 201. Compiled and Drawn k Col. CxirrinqU iHt Arnold nuundcd if Tni:cr woiuideJ 350* $utrv*cttbn* of ^iivjiouttc OCTOBER 17th, 1777 ^mrtncan Commuitbcve NIXON MORGAN GAT£S LINCOLN BROOKS LEARNED, DEARBORNE, GLOVER, PATTERSON, POOR Strcngih, .8.624 Dttnrhed, 3-875 Sick 6 J 2 Absent. 73' Prcscil Oct. i6tli 13.216 Regulars present. 9-.093 ^riti0h Cfommaufcet*« BURGOYNE DeHEISTER, RIEDESEL, SPECHT, BALCARRAS, PHILLIPS ]'i)rre Surrendered, 5,763. -N'nTli— The .Americans occupied ll..: cist b.-ink of tlie Hudson in force; published .1 liullery of five Kuns .ibove llu: l,ndi;e of b.aK ; cut off M retrc.it northw.ird ; Mipiilies were c.vhausted. and sur- rend r e.i^ued. The prisoners of war were sent 10 Cainbriilge, Mass., and Rutland, Vl., and after- ward, during the winter of 1778, were marched 700 miles, to Charlottsville, Va. Mad;.me Riedesel accompanied her hu:iband. '11, e descendants of many of the^e .soldiers survive in Virginia. CakRINOTOn'^ " BaTTI.KS ok THK .AMtKHAN kF.V01.1'TI. *, 80; p. 158. Quackenbos. «■ 345 ; p. 148. Thalheimer (Eclectic), '. s ('...odrich.C. A.l.Seavey6l"i23; p. 1=8. Ridpath, l^ 17 ; p. l'04. p. 152. Goodrich, .S. G., 1 5 ; p. 233. Sadlier 1 Excel.), 1 — : p. — . Venabic, « 19 ; p. 100. Ha:,sard, «: rj ; p. 195. Stcj.hens, A. H., • ,0; p. joa. Caytttvc of £ovH ClilNTON and MONTGOMERY (OCTOBER 6th, 1777 (Jeu. Jaiiies Clinton Oen. lieorijn Cliuton (Ooveruor) MiM— (.,■,,■, r„l„„,u ■„ <, threaten that post and draw attention from the river. A large force, in forty fiatboats, also threatened Fort Independence. N'T!-; II.— 1 'lit nam retires to high ground, to avoid being taken in rear. Nciif III. -On Oct. 6th, Clinton lands at Stony Point, favored by a heavy fog; leaves a strong rear guard, and sends two divi.sions, simultaneously to attack Forts Clinton and Montgomery. N"rE IV — \'aughan, with 1.200 men, and Tryon, with the 7th Regiment and 1 rumbach*s Hes- sians, having passed behind Dunderberg Mountain iin.ibserved, halt and t.»ke lodgment in a ravine in the right, and near P'ort Clinton, to give the advance column of <,oo regulars and 400 Provincials, under Campbell and Robinson, full time to make its detour and gain a position before Fort Montgomery. NiiTE v.— Governor Clinton, wlio superintended the defense of both forts, learned, on the evening of the 5th, that British troops were between King's Fcrrj' and Dunderberg ; and two parlies, each with a gun, were sent from Fort Montgomery to resist Campbell's advance. A messenger was also sent loadvise Pulnam of the situation. N.JIE VI. — The detachment, sent out,w.ns too late to seize the p.iss. and both forts were stormed, after a vigorous defense, which continued from five in the afternoon, until dark. N'"TE Vll — The .'Xmericaii casualties were about .-^oo. including 227 prisoners. General James Ciinttui was wounded by a bayonet, but escaped to the mountains; and General Clint»ui escaped by Note VI II -The British cisualties were 40 killed and i5ow..undcd. Lieut. -Col. Campbell wa» killed in the assault of Fort Montgomery. Count Gr.ibowski, Ai,ir-,lr-,amf of Clinton, Majors Sill and Grant, and Capl. Stewart, were also killed. Note IX. — Two frigates were burned to save their capture by the British; the boom across the river was destroyed ; Putnam retired to Fishkill ; and F:5opus ( Kingstonl was burned by the British, under \aughau, before Sir Henry Clinton returned to New York, there to learn of Burgoyne's disaster Carrinoton's "Battles of the American Revolution," ]ip. 355-3^2 %rhinil lU':.ti.n'ir.5 : Anderson, 1 '■? ; p. 8.). Holmes, ', ~ ; \: — . Swinton,^ — ; p.—. Barnes, ^ — ; p. — . Lossing, 1^ 24 ; p. i-'o. Scott, t 20 ; p. 188. Berard (Bushi, ^ Si ; p. 15?. (Juackenbos,^— ; p. — . Thalheimer (Eclectic^, ^- Goodrich,(-'. A. (Se.iveysl, ^ 24; p. 128. Ridpath, ^ — ; p. — . p. — . Goodrich. S.G.,^ 8: p 230. Sadlier ( Exceli.l — : p.—. Venable, •( 19; p. 110. Hassard. •■ i": p. 195. Stephens, k. H., ^ — ; p. — . %-*^ ,.'''' r \ . > .•'■' i * I x^ > JiiniipilOc'fi I # (M/l N thri ■^nfirl?> ^ /(i.niUu''Uifni Rattle df ^vmibiiwiuc SHl'TEMBER nth, 1777 Jtmnncrtu (Tommattbcto SULLIVAN WASHINGTON Stirling GREENE MUHLENBERG MAXWELL WAYNE STEPHEN Nominal Strength, 14,000 Effective force, 11,000 Casualties, 7.S0. AMERICAN DISPOSITIONS, W.ishington, then in New Jersey, alike watchful of the Hud- son, New \i.rk Ciiv anil the larue fleet near Staten Island, quickly marched to Pennsylvania, when the fleet --niled southward ; left a Mifficient force to observe Clinton, passed Philadelphia, and on the 7th of SeptiMnber took a position .it Newport, on the east bank of Clay Creek. (See map 22, p. 49!. Max- wellhad previously skirmished with the British vanguard at Newark, as they advanced from Elk Creek. Early on the 9th, in order to foil an attempt of Howe to gain his rear and cut him off from Philadelphia, Washington again marched, and took a position selected by Gen, Greene, on the east bank of the Brandywine I'he American army formed, from Jones' Ford to Pyle's Ford, from right to left, as fol- lows: Stirling, Stephen, Sullivan (under Sullivanl, Wayne. Muhlenberg, WeedoD, Armstrong 1 Greene commandingj, and Washington, behind the centre, with a sn KNYPHAUSEN HOWE CORNWALLIS GRANT MATTHEWS GREY AGNEW STIRN Strength, 18,000 Casualties, 600. BRITISH DISPOSITIONS Howe landed at Head of Elk Creek August 25th, skirmished with Maxwell Sept id. threatfiie.l W.ishington's right on the «th, and on the mth reached Kennelt Square Sharp skirmishes -i.urred on the right, and before Chad's Ford (the centrel with American light troops under Porterfiel.l, Wagner and Nr-iJiwcIl, who had crossed the river for the purpose, ; night, and by a detour of 17 miles, crossed the two forks of the Brandywii and Grey, in three lines, in rear of the American Army, on and before Osborne's Hill, facing Ihe position, hurriedly taken by Sullivan, when .idvised of the British advance pruirla^imntt of the ^ftiou Washington sent Sullivan, with llirce divisions, to occupy the hill near Birmingham Meeting House 1 resist Howe ; put Wayne in comruand .it Chad's Fordtoopposc Knyphausen, and formed Muhlen- •g and Weedon's brigades, as a re,crvc, under Greene, with which lie took his own position. Howe and Knyphausen forced the positions they respectively threatened, afterlmuch fighting, and the entire army fell Kick slowly, coveretl by Washington and Greene, 10 Dilworth and Chester, without panic or sacrifice, reaching Chester at midnight. Howe remained on the field, in charge of the wounded of both armies Cornwallis reached Chester on the ijth. Washington refitted his army at Phila- delphia, moved up the Schuylkill, crossed at Swedes' Ford and offered Howe battle, at Westchester (September 15th I. Stfirms separated the armies. AUt't. (.IwoK^t/ie -uounded at BraKiiywim -uas La/ayeltiwiho served as a voluttit,-,- aij-dt- ^atiip, under his commission as Major Cenerai, then just con/erred hy Congress, llrfcrcnrco : CARRINmi'N's "llATTLKs "Y I UK AMEK]e,\N K f V< ll.UTION , " p],. 368.3S1. iirhonl "fustotir'j; Anderson, "^ 50 ; p. 7 j. Holmes, ^ 10 ; p. 12S, Swinton, ^ 135 ; p, 13?. Barnes, 1 3 ; p. 119. Lossing, T 13 : p. 154. Scott, ^ 8 ; p. 1S2. Berard (BushM S8-9; p i6>-i. Qu.ickcnbos, 5 346; p. 249. Th.alheimer lEclectici, 1 263 , Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveysi,^ 14; p. 1=5, Ridpalh, 1 10; p. 205. P '5'; .Vo/f 2, p. 138. Goodrich, ,S. G., ? 3-5 ; p. 221. Sadlier, (Excel), ^ 14 ; p. 192. Venable, ^ 143 ; p. no. Hassard, 5 ii-i: ; p. 18S-Q, Stejihens, A,H. "T 31 ; p, 202, ( / Cem/tiM a/it//?r/!u// liy fe/Yirmz/^/imi guttle of ©cvmutttown (JCTOBER 4ih, 1777 ^mnncan (Tommanferve SULLIVAN WASHINGTON greene KNOX, WAYNE, STEPHEN, SCOTT, ARMSTRONG SMALLWOOD, FORMAN, MAXWELL, NASH, MUHLENBERG .strenL;th, 7,000 Casualties, 1,07; Mbm._O>>-w^«/07«.«, sir mi/es from Philadei/'hiii, and H,-a,l,/uarters of Ilo-Me^ -!iu,s then. .,s ,,„-!tf, „ui,niy on on.- street, net -is,:\K I'.illings KLmkI :iiul Mud Island, and a redoubt .it Eillingsport, were the clii.-f ol..ilniciioni in Brili^^h r,perali<>ii> on the Delaware Kiver, near Philadelphia Note II.— Col. (Vreen, brave at Hunker Hill and at Quebec, commanding lort Mercer, so suc- ces.sfully resisted an assault, Oct. 22d, 1777, that the attacking Hessian cilumn lost ', the engineer who planned the works, were wounded. The British Ios5 was ij killed a. id 24Wounde.l. NotF IV. Col St-rlingi British I occupied Billingsport Oct. 1st, and on the 18th Cornwallis landed at the same point. The .\mericans thereupon abaiuloned Fort Mercer, and being unable to save their armed vessels, set fire to them, near Gloucester Point, and the British gained control of the river. N01E v.— Hon. J. W. W.allace, President of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, brought out clearly, in 1881, the f.act that the very man who planted the obstructions in the Delaware, deserted to Lord Howe, and guided his boats in their removal ; so that the ships of war which gained such unex- Ijected access i.i Fort MifBin, at the time of its capture, secured it by treason. N'OTK VI. -Among the British ships which shared in the attack upon Fort Mifflin, are to be recognijed the SOMERSET, the ROEBUCK and the PEARL, which look part in operalioni near New Yurk in 1776, as appears from maps of same. C^rrinc.ton's " Battles of the Amf.ruan Revolution," pp. 301-397. %rhool Hlfitoncs: Anderson, * 53-4 ; p. So-i. Holmes, 1 10 ; p 128. Swinton, 1 138 ; p. 133. Barnes, ^ 3 ; p. 120. Lossmj. t 16 ; p. 156. Scott, 1 10 ; p. 183. licrardlEush), I93; p. 162. Quackenbos, •■ 349 ; p. 251. Thalheimcr (Eclectic 1, 1 A'o/<- ,■ (joodrich, C.A. (Seaveysi, 1 17, p. 126. Ridpath, ^ 22 ; p. 206. p. i :,g. Goodrich, S. G,.«[ 8 •, p. 235. S.idlier ( F.xceli, 1 16 ; p. 193. Venable, 1 144; p. 110. Haisard, ^ 15 ; p. iSu,. Siephens, h. H., 1 31 ; P- -°'i- Pcjtv |tltilubelfilnit HEING AN \v 11 I C H R K I. A T V 1 O I H F. (Tumpaiiina of 1^76-8 fv0%n i^\h lUurv U (Tvriitim INC .UDIXG ; Philadelphia GeriM.inlow.i VVhitemarsh, Metuchen Hill Pennebecker sMill, Pntisarove, Warwick, Yellow Springs Valley Forge Triidnifflyii, Westchester. Dilworth, Chester, Chads' Ford, Kennett Square, Wilmington, Newark, Nevv Canle, Elk River, BiUingsport, Red Hank, Haddonfield, Moore's Town, Mt. Holly, Slabl.nvn, Yardlcyville, Donk's Ferry, Hightstown, Brisl..!, Runville, Fort Meroer, Ncwiown, HilliiiKsixirl, Hillsborough Bordentown, I aoli, Wyommg. XoTk F- Wayne, with i.«^. men. ^t.ili^nrd at I',-i..li. was surprised. Sept. ,jth. 1777, thr..„gh the treachery of his. .Id iieiKhbf.rs ; and it was his birth-place He was in camp, near Trudrufflyn, and General C.rev made th- alta. I Note 1 1.— Wyoining is known for an Indian massacre (p 459— Carrington's Battlesi, and this massacre was settled (p. 475) by an expedition under Sullivan, James Clinton, Hand, Poor, and Max- well, who, on the 29th of July, 1779, fought the BATTLE OF CHEMUNG, near the present site of Elmira, New York, |tcfcv*cnc^ : (l^niramfmicnt nt fallen ^ot^t WINTER OF 1777.S \mtvmxn (f ommanbcv^ WASHINGTON r.i'npi.ui(lcr-m-<'hief GEEENE WAYNE MAXWELL LEARNED STEUBEN DeKALB HUNTINGTON McINTOSH CONWAY LAFAYETTE VARNUM SCOTT WOODFORD GLOVER WEEDON PATTERSON LIVINGSTON MUHLENBERG DUPORTAIL POOR NoTE>,— Tho encampment at Valley Forge is memorable for the great suffering which the Ameri- can army endured, from extreme cold, want of clothing, and insufficient food. The" Conway Cabal " „r scheme fi>r the removal ..f Washington from supreme command, which for a time had the practical endorsement of Oates and others, spent its force, and Conway returned to France. During January, i77S,a committee of Congress visited Washington, and upon full examination of the condition of the army, decided to give liim full support. On the 27lh of February, Baron Steuben arrived and took charge of tactical instruction. On the 4th of April, Congress authorized Washington to call upon Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia, for 5,000 militia. On the 9lh,Howe was recalled to England, On the loth, Lafayette returned. On Ihe 7lh of May, news of the French alliance was received and solemnly celebrated. On the itth, Lafayette was cst.ablished at Barren Hill, an advance position, midway between Valley Forge and Philadelphia. On the 19th, Mifflin reported for duty ; and on the ^oth. General Charles Lee joined, upon his exchange for Prescott, prisoner of war. On the i8th of June, Clinton withdrew from Philadelphia, and the encampment at Valley F'orge was abandoned for that pursuit of Clinton which resulted in the battle of Monmouth. |lefrrcurc«s : Caurin(;ti)n's " Hati lks ov ihk A.mkrican Revoli;tii>n.'' pp. 406-414. ^rhool ftiistovicoi : Anderson, i: 55 ; p. 81. Holmes, T 13 ; p. 130. Swinton, "j 153 ; p. 136. Barnes, 1 3 ; p. 1=5. Lossing, 1 1-2 ; p. i6i-2. Scott, 1 1-3 ; p. 189-90. Berard (Bush), t 94 ; p. 103- Quackenbos, 1; 352 ; p. 254. Thalheimer (Eclectic), ^ ; Goodrich, C.A.(Seaveys)T 38; p. 129. Ridpath, I' 24 ; p. 207. p. 152-3. Goodrich, S. G., «f 7-8 ; p. 2;?. S.jdlicr (Excel), « — ; p. — . Venable, 1 145 : p- I'l- Hassard, 1 1-2 ; p. 196-7. Stephens, A. H., 1 32 ; p. 2n;. Amcincan (Tommunbci^^ LAFAYETTE POOR POTTER McLEAN Strength, 2,100 Casualties, 9 Mem —nurlng-llu s/'riiifo/ i77i.,l/:f rffralrd hicurslaiistiiil 0/ Philaciel/'Jiia i,:t,i Ih,- couniry . t.^ f'r^Hure suf'plies for thr £arrison^ induced Wat-hin^on tit establish an advance p.'st at Uayrcn IliU. The detachment consisted of :^,ioo picked troops, with five pieces of artillery, and was intrusted li) Lafayette, laeing his first independent command. It was a twrps of ub^ei wilioii , 1.. watch Philadelphia, and superintend outposts and skirmishing parti..', 1.. r.v. i; \'..". V J'..-.-': .i:M ll- a lily. Ann I .1 ri.i;;.i;i I I, ■ ■ uitablished his headquarters at a Stone Church, which was i \- a stone fence. A rockv, steep ridee, fell off to the south ; established, ; ridge road. ^titt^li (f ommanhrv^ CLINTON GRANT ERSKINE GREY Strength, 5,000 CasualtiL-s. 3 British Movements. — The end of Howe'.s administration at Philadelphia was celebrated li> a succession of _/>/ci, closing after midniEht of the iSth of May. At 4 o'clock of the morning of the 19th. Clinton, who had succeeded Howe, took personal command of a column of 5,000 men, and, with Generals Crant and Erskine, m.-idc an attempt to capture Lafayette and his command. General Grey was sent up the west bank of the Schuylkill with 2,00^3 men to co-operate from that direction. The column which .adv.anced by the Rid^e read, was halted, to give time for General Clinton to occupy the road froiti Germantown to Swede s Ford, and thus cut off the retreat of Lafay- ette to Valley Forge NoTF. I. -Potter's militia retired from the picket post without giving notice of the passage of tJrant's column, which took a road .through the wpods, undrr tile ridge, to the east. . Note 11.— The advance guard of General Grant gained the reSr of the American position and halted at the fork of the two roads leading to Matson's and Swedes fords, for the whole division to Not R III.— Lafayette was informed that scarlet uniforms had been seen in the woods to the rear. His scouts confirmed the fact that they were British, and not dragoons in similar uniforms, whom he cvpectcd from Valley Forge. His aaion wasnrompt. He made. a strong. demonslratioJi oif heads, of columns, as if in fuUiorce, so that Grant crecfincd to attack, untirtlie aftivaT oT h.s entireTjrce. 1 Kis delay was {at.al to Clinton s entire plan Note IV.— A country road ran from the church, under Barren Hill, to Matson's Ford. The Indian scouts, confronted by a party of British dragoons, had fallen back in a panic, but the dragoons had retired with equal celerity from so unusual an enemy. Lafayette directed General Poor to withdraw by this road, ,md to push for Matson's Ford, instead of Swede's Ford, which was nearest to Valley Forge, while he covered the rear : v.— The moveniciU ivas so prompt that the ford was gained and the river crossed with a loss leinen; the British losing tTiree : VI.— Washington, from high ground, had witnessed the British march, and fired alarm guns; but the wisdom, coolness, and promptness of Lafayette, which saved his command, received the strong endorsement of the commander-in-chief. of but |kfci*ctKc«s : \KRINi;Toy's ■' CATTI.ts I'F TUl- ASfERlLAN REVOL' TIOS'." ]>]>. 4'-.;-4. S>cliool TUstovics: Anderson, 1 —; p. - Holmes, t — ; p. —. Barnes. 1 — ; p. — . Lossing. t — : p. — ■ Ber.ard(Bush), 1 — ; p — . Quackenbos. 1 355; p. 255. Goodrich. C. A.(Seaveysi.«l— , p — . Ridpath. 1 — ; p. — . Goodrich, S. G., t — ; p. -, Sadlier, ( Excel), 1 — ; p. — , Hassard. 5 — ; p. — , Stephens, AH. ^ -; p. -. •3- * J~ 0--— i''j//!/Jile(/ a//t/ JJraif/! /Ji/^'o/ f'(7rnnfr/o/i Rattle of IHonmottth JUNE 291!., J77.S !3^mcvicau (Tommamlrvc. ' British (CommHnilfW M VSH1NGT«»N "^ r I I N T O N LAFAYETTE, STIRLING, GREENE >- .. » i-. « -' .-. LEE, WAYNE, POOR, GRAYSON CORNWALLIS KNOX, LIVINGSTON, VARNUM ! KNVPHAII<1FN MAXWELL, JACKSON, MORGAN, KNYPHAUStN WOODFORD, HAMILTON, ' MONCKTON DICKINSON, STEWART. SIMCOB .Strength, about 12,000 to each Army. Mem— /%'r Clitiliot's rfi.le from rhil,iiiel/>hi.t, sre maf. f. 49. American Pursuit of Clinton. — Lafayette was entrusted with the advance column, as Lee de- clined the coTiim,*nd, fmm opp^)^iti.^n to the movement. Its gradual reenforcement to nearly 6,000 men, convinced I •, lli a if one-half of the army should move upon the enemy, and the senior Major- General be lett 1.. ' , 1, r \'. ;'! compromise his honor, Lafayette generously yielded the command, on condition tti It r ! i-l, in should be carried out ; and Washington pledged the support of the entire army. Ih : 1 .,v ,, 1. strike the British line obliquely, while it was extended for_ nearly twelve miles wii ;i r Wi : _ u . and, by the accumulating force of the successive American divisions, 10 destroy or capture it, 111 u-jiail. British Position ana Action.— The map indicates the British camp on the night before the battle, with all trains judiciously parked, on the tight, so as to lead promptly toward New York, with the main army interposed for its protection. The Policv of Clinton was to gain New York with least delay and loss. Three subordinate and spirited skirmishes occurred, before the final battle, at which \Vashington look command in person. Note 1.— Clinton started Knyphausen for Middlctown with his baggage at daylight, and de- scended into the plain, beyond the east r,ivini. with the •"-'— -• ""-"--^ : Jint sliirtnish was between seven and eight o'clock, just east of the Wfst ravinr. between Dickinson's advance and Clinton's rear guard. Wayne, Jackson and Varnum soon joined. Asearly as 5 o'clock. Washington had been advised that Clinton was in motion, and sent orders for Lee to pursue, while assuring him that the army had thrown aside its packs and would follow promptlv. Note III.— The «f <.«rf j/tiVwij* was near the Court House, in which Lafayette, as well . as Butl.jr and Wayne, actively participated, and forced the Queen's rangers to retreat. Note IV. — The third skirimisk was that development of the .American troops, nearly 6,000 men, which, by its deploymfrit in the pl,iin and its close pressure of Clinton, compelled him to change front to the rear, and gi\e b.ittlc. Alrc.\-iy the American left wing had so far advanced as to overlap to the northward, and threaten the ravine through which Knyphausen was urging the baggage train. Lafay- ette, on the right, was hopeful. Varnum and (Oswald in the centre, opened their guns with effect, as Wayne advanced, but throu.gli a transfer of Livingston and Stewart to the right, breaking the line, and disconnecting the centre and left, and, a want of systematic handling by Lee himself, the whole army fell back, under his orders. Note v.— This retreat, which became confused through conflicting rumors and orders, was gen- eral, but not a panic. _ The tr 'ops, disappointed, and over-heated under the blazing sun, hurriedly passed the middle ravine, but were promptly halted by the stern command of Washington as they ap- proached the west ravine. Heat once established Livingston, Stewart, R.imsey, Wayne and Varnum across the line of \\:\:\ !, .t,,, h; while Lafayette placed in position the divisions of Stirling and Greene, whiJi I '. I ue,l the commander-in-chief. The repulse of Moncktonat the hedge- row, where h- I i .; ; and the artillery of Knov, at the right, and Stirling on the left, of the second line, \ ' :i W l\ ;;' > sharp Inf.intry lire, checked the effort of Clinton to force a passage. NOTB VI.— At night, Chilton retired behind the middle ravine.closely followed by Woodford on the risht, and Poor on tlie left, but, before midnight, he abandoned his camp and secured his retreat to New York. NoTisVII.— The intense heat increased the cisu.alties, and the desertions from the British army were nearly 2,r.30. The killed and wounded on e.ich side varied little from 3.^, Note \\\l. — Lee opened a disrespectful correspondence with Washington, was tried by court martial, was suspended for a year, and never resumed duty. Monmouth was the only action of the war in which he actively participated. He was sent to C:onnecticut from Boston in 1776 on recruiting service, thence to New York to help fortify ; thence to South Carolina, where he urged that Moultrie abandon his f..rt ; thence to the North, where he only embarrassed Washington, until he was out of the way. as a prisoner of war. As a prisoner of war, he betrayed the weak points of the -American resistance, to General and Admiral Howe, and, on his exchange, bitterly opposed the pursuit of Clinton, Monmouth to Brunswick, thence to Ilaverstraw on the headquarters at White Plain;., above New York. |lcfn*cnrc$: CaRRINGTON's "liATlLEi OF THfc A.MEKILAN REVOLUTION," pp, 4I2-445 School 'iu.stovir.o' : Anderson, ^ ;:-.; ; 0..' . Holmes, T iS; p. 13',. Swinton,*" 1-7; p. 13^. Barnes, H;; p, i;?. Lossing, •; 4-6; p. it,. Scott, 1 6-10; p. 191-2, Berard(Bushl, t 98; !'■ i'4- Quackenbos,"! 5-S; p. 257, Thalheimer 1 Eclectic 1, t: Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveys).l 33-3; p. i-.i-2. Ridpath. "I 6-7 ; p. =io. p. 1S5. Goodrich, S.G., 1 4-8; p. 25$. " Sadlier lExccb.^g: p. 108. Venable, I' 146; p. 112-13. Hassard, «; o-ij ; p. ig.j-200. Stephens, A. H ,"i 3.6; p. l:^-*. •^$U0f of llcuifnivt 4- AUGUST 1778 SULLIVAN GREENE, LIVINGSTON, HANCOCK, WEST, LAWSON, HENRY VARNUM, GLOVER, LAFAYETTE ^rcnrli ^vmu aub fleet COUNT D'ESTAING PIGOT HUYN, BANAU, DITFORTH, SEABOTH, PRESCOTT, VOSBERG, SMITH, GREY, BOIT, FANNING Strength, 6,000. Ctntt0h ^bmtval$ HOWE BYRON PLAN OF ATTACK. -The loth of Augi St was s lected f, rthe att.ack. The Ameri cans we r. to cross fro n liverton, a Hr wlant 's Ferry, and the Frer ch were to land on th west side te Bycr's Islar d. Note I —Sullivan, w Uhr ut no ice to the Fr ■nch Con nmander cros sed nl In ertonjuly- Qth. Tie French flee forced the w est indm ddle passages on thee ighth. A hea rm s cattered both Fren -h and Briti>h fleels, and d unt U'lis aing did not regain p ,n unti the 20th B etwecn the .5th a id _olh the Americans had established batteries from Parker's Hill at Note II.- I'he reported moveraciil of Clinton from New York, with 4,000 troops, led to a retreat, which began on the 26th of August. On the 29th the Americans still held Quaker Hill and Turkey Hill, as well as Butts' Hill. Livingston, Lawrence and Glover distinguished themselves in the defence, losing 67 men, and inflicting a loss of 243 upon their assailants. Note IIL— On the 30th one hundred vessels arrived in sight, with Clinton's division; but the retreat to the main landhad been effected, under the personal supervision of Lafayette, "without leaving behind a siiitile man, or the smallest article," as reported by Sullivan. |trfrvcurc«i : Carrinot. iN's " Batti.i-.s 'ir ihe A.mf.rican RhVcM.UTiDN." pp. 44S-456. School iU.stoi'iw: Anderson, 1 75-0; p. 87. Holmes, 1 ii); p, 134. Swinton. 1 169-170: p. 13.,. Barnes, 1 2 ; p. 128. Lossing. "I 7 ; p. 163. Scott. 1 11-14 ; p. 193-4. BerardlBushl.l loo; p. 165. gu.tckenbos, 1 ,59 ■ p. 259. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ Goodrich.C. A.lSeaveysi.l 36, p. 132. Ridpath. T8-10 ; p. iic-ii. p. 155. Goodrich.S. G..I3-0; P- 242. Sadlier 1 Excel 1, 1 10 ; p. 199. Venable, ^ 147; p. 113. Hassard, 1 13-14 : V- =>"■ Stephens, A. H. I 8-9; p. 207. ^ir0c of ^auaunali SEPTEMBER i6tli to OCTOBER olh itKo LINCOLN LAURENS, McINTOSH, HUGER, DILLON, PULASKI Slrcnt;th, 3,600 Casualties, 457 JrcttcU Ctommanhn* Lkut.-Uiii. (01 NT CHARLES HECTOR H'ESTAING Strength, 6,000 Casualties, 651 POSITION OF THE ALLIED ARMIES. -The French fleet nrrivcd off Tybee Island Sep- tember 8th, and anchored near the bar. (Jn the Qlh the tronps landed twelve miles below Savannah, and on the i6th D'Estaing summoned the garrison to surrender. General Trcvost asked and gained a truce of twenty-four hours, during which interval Lt.-Col. Maitland skillfully eluded the American outposts, and joinedj with eight huiuired excellent troops. Surrender was then declined The .\nieric.ui annv ininecl the French on the i^jth, and batteries were at once placed in position. BRITISH POSITION.— At the first intimation that a large French fleet was off the coast, ("Jencral Trevost removed the buoys from the harbor, and put a large force of negroes at work, lo strengthen the post. New redoubts, made of double palmetto logs, interfilled with sand, a strong palisade, and a series of minor detached defences, were pushed forward with energy. Relays of men enabled the work to be carried on at night, as well as hy day. Capt. Moncrieff, Enginecr-in-chargc, has left his notes, which arc reproduced, on map. M.ajor (Iraham made a sally Sept. 24, and Major Mc.\rthur another on the 27th. at night, but without valuable results. NOTES. Note I. -On the ;lh of llctobcr, a battery of nine mortars, thirty-three heavy guns from the land sule, and sixteen frc.m the river, opened fire, and this was kept up until the8lh. Houses were burned, but little damage was done to the defences. It became evident that the siege would be protracted, and the season of the year was so dangerous that the French fleet could not remain longer on the coast. It was necessary to raise the siege, or storm the town. Note II. — The force detailed for that assault consisted of 3,500 French troops; 600 American regulars ; Pulaski's corps, and 250 militia ; to form two columns. Note III.— ticneral Dillon, of the Irish Brigade, in the French ser\-ice, was to lake the extreme left, and attack the horse-shoe or sailor's battery, at the 15ritish right ; D'Kstaingand Lincoln were to attack Spring Hill, and Pul.aski to att.ack a redoubt beyond, toward the direction of Dillon's advance, while Hugerand Williams were to make feint attacks, upon the east side of town, and take advantage NoTH IV. — The batteries maintained fire, as if preparatory to an assault in front; but by the desertion of the Sergeant-Major of the Charleston Grenadiers, during the night, the enemy had knowledge of the real plan of attack. Note V.— Dillon got involved in a m.arsh, and Huger could make little progress through the rice fields, and lost 27 men. Pulaski fell, mcrt.ally wounded, in a brave, but unsuccessful attack. Note VI.— The main column, which was also accompanied by Laurens and Mcintosh, forced the palisades and the ditch, but were met by the British Grenadiers and Glazier's Marines, whose concen- trated fire, for fifty-five minutes, was too heavy to be silenced. Sergeant Jasper received his death wound here. Bus>i and Holmes, 2d S, C. Regt., planted their colors within the redoubt, and fell in their defence. Note VII.— D'Estaing was twice wounded. The French lost 15 officers killeil and 43 wounded; rank and file, 163 killed and 411 wounded. Note VIII.— The siege of S.avannih was at an end. Prompt .atjack, when the troops landed, would ha\'e promised success. ycfrvpttccis : C.^rrini'.ton's "Battles of ihe American Revolution," pp. 47(1-483. School Tu.^stovir.Ci : Anderson, ^ S.i ; p. 90. Holmes, ^ 10 ; p. 141. Swinton, ^ 134-7 ; p. 141. Barnes, 1j 2 ; p. tjQ. Lossing, ^ ii ; p. 170-1. ' Scott, ^ 1-3 ; p. 1,6-7. Berard iBushl, 1 io^-6 ; p. 166-7. Quackenbos, \ 3P9 ; p. 267. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ■" 2 Goodrich,C. A.(Seavevsi^4; p. 134. Ridpath, 1 9-10; p. 215. p. i6?. Goodrich. S.G.,i; j-6; p. 250. Radlier (E.\cel.l, 5 14; p. 200-1. Venable, ^ 155 ; p. ii3. Hassard, T 6 ■ p. 204. Stephens, A. H., T 23 ; p. 212. $icac of Cliavlcston MAY 1 2th, 1780 WHIPPLE LINCOLN WOODFORD Strength, 3,000. (.'.asualties, ^76. Me^i. Tht schtduU f/ prisoners, which was raadt up by Major Andre, embraced tht names nf all male citizens. Total. i,6i8. AMERICAN POSITION. The g,-irnson emhrnced --•,200 regulars, and .ibout 1,000 militia, when Clinton crossed the .Ashley; but his'delay, for Patterson t(j join him from Savannah allowed Woodford to steal quietly into the city .April 7th, with 700 Vireiiii,! troops. They had made .1 march of 500 miles in 30 days. Commodore Whipple withdrew his ships behind a boom, and they rendered no service. Their guns were mounted in the city. He over-estimated the resisting capacity of Fort Moultrie. ^rittoli CEommaubcr CLINTON Strength. 8,500. Casualties, 265. BRITISH POSITION. Clinton left New York, Dec. j6th, but storms dispersed his lieet. All the cavalry' and most of the artillery horses perished. Tybee Island, near Savannah, was the first rendezvous; but it w.is not until February nth, that the troops landed onSt. John's island, thirty miles below Charleston, They were transferred to James Island, crossed Stono .and .Ashley rivers, and established them- selves across the narrow neck above Charleston ■-n the 12th of March. NOTES, -Vote. I.— Admiral Arbuthnot weighed anchor March gth, leading with the Roebuck frigate, and passed Fort Moultrie with a loss of but 27 men. On the aoth he crossed the bar, and on the 3gth he landed a brigade of 500 seamen and marines at Mount Pleasant. This compelled the .Americans to abandon their outpost at L'Empries Point. On the 4th of May 200 seamen and marines landed on Sullivan Island, and Fort .Moultrie w.as surrendered. XoTE II.— The British broke ground on the night of April ist.at 800 yards before the American lines, and on the loth demanded surrender of the city. April iqth the second parallel was opened at 450 yards, and on the 6th of May, the third parallel was established by converting 1 canal into a dry ditch. Note III.— The Americans lost by the surrender, 405 pieces of ordnance of various calibre. Note IV.— The map .also indicates the position of Admiral Parker's fleet. June 28th, 1776, when Clinton made his first attempt to capture Charleston, and the resistance at Fort Moultrie, endorsed by Governor Rutledge, but opposed by General Charles Lee, defeated the British attempt to capture Charleston. licfcvcnrco : Carri.ngto.n's "Battles uF ihe .American Rf vi>i.ution," [.[i. 4.)2-4')3. ,^rhool ptstovics: Anderson, •; 89-00; p. 91. Holmes, "i 11 ; p 142. Swinlon. ^ 103-= ; p. 144. Barnes, 1 i ; p. 132-3. Lossing, 1 1-6; p. 174-5. Scott. 1 3-5; p. 201-2. Ber.iiJlBushl,^ 115; p. 169. Quackenbos, 1 371 ; p 269. Thalheimer (Eclectici, ^285; G lii.:h,C.A.lSeaveys),"| I3,p. 137. Ridpath, "12-3; p. 216-17. p. 163. G Inrh.S. G.,i[ s-6; p. 262. Sadlier I E.vcel), t 15 ; P- 2°'- Venable, t is8 ; p. 1.0 H..-,ard, ' 1-3; p. 209-to. Stephens, A. H. 1 1-4; P-^M-'S- 's "s 'S puttie of §fivitt0ltclb AND ©V'^^itti^w^ fvmxx Statcu J^litub DllRINi; Jl,!NE, 1780 ^■^iiufvinan GammaiviXccs Bcitish Comiuandovs Maxwell, Stark^'A^d^ Jackson, Lee I CLINTON KNYPHAUSEN Webb, Dickinson. Dayton, Shreve | Sterling, Matthews, Simcoc, Stirn, Tryon Estimated Strength Available 7,800 Strength, 5,000 AMERICAN POSITION, Washington held firm hold of his well protected cump near Morris- town, carefully guarded the pass at Chatham, and so disposed his advance posts as to be fully advised of British aclivily. ^A re/ereKct to i:tap 11,/. 2O-7, -vitt i>:dica!f the n-lations of Staten Island to " BRiTfsH'MoVEMENTS. Lieut. Oeii. Knyphausen, commanding at New York, during Clinton's operations against Charleston, determined to draw Washington intoa general engagement and seize his camp. On the 6th of June, with .Matthews, Tryon, Sterling, and 5,000 encellcnt troops, he crossed from Statcn Island, by a bridge of boats, to Elizabethtown Point. Thu inullnou, loiiduct of the American army, after a winter of great severity, and the suffering incid'Jiit 1 . Hit i I, (lothing, fuel, medicines and all necessaries, had inspired the opinion that a prompt : I 1 induce many to return to British allegiance. Si I II i toward Elizabethtown at daylight, but the militia were on the alert. He was mortalK ,> ,11 mI .1 l.\ an American sentry, and Knyphausen took his place at the front. When the sun haJri,eii, ih- liriti^h army not only discovered that orchards, houses and single trees were sheltering keen marksmen, but that the regiment of Col. F.lias Dayton was rapidly forming to resist their inarch. The Queen's Rangers (Simcoe'sl led the Hessian column; but instead of any friendly indications, there w.is opposition at every step. Connecticut Farms, seven miles beyond Elizabethtown, was burned, with its churth and parsonage, and the wife of Chaplain Caldwell was killed by a bullet. When within half a mile of Springfield, it was found, that, as Dayton fell back, he was amply sup ported by Ma.iwell on the bank of t"he Rahway, and that Washington was fully prepared for the '"'^" A stormy night, enlivened by watch fires, which blazed on ever>' hill, warned Knyphausen that he was surrounded by vigilant adversaries, and he retired to Staten Island. Clinton, returning from Charleston. re.iched Staten Island on the i/lh nf June, and he also resolved to strike the camp and magazines of Washington, at Morristown. Troops were embarked, ostensibly, to ascend the Hudson and attar-k West Point. Washington left Greene to command, behind Spring- field, with Maxwell. Stark and Col. Lee, and marched on the 22d eleven miles toward theHudson; but upon appreciating \\\z/rint of Clinton, regained his post. Tlie Battle tif SpringftcUl toUawed r;oTK I -The British advanccl >n iwomlumns :'t 5 o'clock A. M. fime tyX, with s.noo infantry, cavalry and 18 guns ; one column (^CUutoirsi, by the Connecticut farms Koad, and the other ( K.nyp^ hau^en'st, by the V.iuxhall road. NoTElI.-At the first bridge over the Rahway, Clinton found that Col. Angel!, with a Rhode Island regiment and une gun, occupied an orchard on a hill, and practically commanded the bridee. He at once gained hi^h ground for his own guns, bvit litidiiig their effect to be inconsiderable, forded the stream ; turned Angell's Position and forced him bark to the second bridge, where Colonel Shreve dis- puted the advance. 1 his officer lost one-fourth of his men; but found himself promptly supported by the brigades of Maxwell and Siaik. They took a pr.sitirE. IV. ^Clinton burned Springfield, returned to Staten Island, removed his bridge of boats, and the last New Jersey campaign closed. Ko-i-p V -The American militia made no return of their losses. The regular troops had i^i killed and 61 wuundcd. The British k>s-> wa, n-t uiTicially stated, but was estimated at 15^, including Jkfn*ntcc«: C.A.RRINGTON's " B.\TTLKS iiF Tills A.MF.RIi .K.N ReVOHTIO.N," jip. 49S-502 School 'fu.storico : Anderson, ^ - ; p. lo.-. Holmes, •; - ; p Barnes, 1 — ; p. -. Berardt Bush 1,1 123; p. 1-4. Goodrich, C. A.I Seaveysi,*"—; Goodrich. S. G,. 1 . p. =6s. Hassard, ' : ; p. 214. Lo-sing, ' 13: p. .73-5. Scott, •* II ; p. 205. Qn.,ckenbo,,«-^;p.-. 1 halheimer ( Eclectic A Rl.lp.ith. * - t p. — . p- — ; S.idlier. lE-tcell,*" — ; p. — . Stephens, .'KH. ' —W'.-. (Outltur |tla|> nF I HI FROM pobbo Jcvvw to Jiohhill mtti |!riwlmvi^h (Tapiian aub O^arrittomn Haverstraw, where Andri- landed. Iroin British Sloofi, Vulture; PEEKSKILL, NORTH CASTLE & WHITE PLAINS Jtonu yoittt FORT INDEPENDENCE FORT CLINTON FORT MONTGOMERY FORT PUTNAM and WEST POINT Note.— Stony Poimi^ memorable, as follows: Tt W.1S stoimed under direction of WashinKlon, hy Wayne, Febiger, Webb, Meigs, Butler, Lf, Muhlenbiirg, Fleury, Knox, and Clibbon. July i6, t779. i Curyingliyn' s " /^'ar/i'rs," //. 472-474 It was abandonedtsame, p. 474). It was re-occupied by Clinton :but abandonedcOct. 23, 1779}. Ca*yt»ffeoft*s ^'/?a//Us" p. 4yf Mem. Ai the Hudson River s,-farat,-ii Xe~.o England ffom the centra! colonies, and its ton- tril -.uas intended /or, ly l-oth armies, it is to ee noted, t/i.it Goziernor Iryon, both in 1777 ,i«.i' 1779, made incMrsions into Connecticut, in Tain attempting to divert U'ashington /rom his genertii plans. .Ifirit 35. I777> '.uhen Fairfieli anct Danbury were visited, he "aias bravely resisted by Arnold, at Ridgefiela. General David Weoster va: fatally ivorinded. July ^,\Tig, Tryon visited ^^ev.■ Haven. andontht%th and^th burned Fairf eld. meiudine 2 .kurches. i} houses and shofs. 3 Si hool-houses. jail and CountV'House British exf editions, out 0/ ^.'eio VorX; int., ll\stchesl.r C.mnty, ve^-e /requer.t. ^owpiled a»JJ/ra>e/t ij/ CW. Carr//!i/rfo/t. ^(ittic of (Tiimbctt 01* $iittbct*'$ (frcrk Ai'ia;si' loiti. 17S0 ^mrviran (f ommandrv's British e'ommiintlrvo Porterfield, Arms^^ng,^ WilUams, G.st, | CORNWALLIS DeKalb, Caswell, Singleton. Stevens, ( Rawdon, Tarleton. Webster, H> Marquis Armand, Rutherford, Gregory ! „ «/. i j ^ ' ' ^ •' I Bryan, McLeod Strength, 3,052 Casualties, 971, beside •"'ssing j Strength, 2,239 Casualties, 324 AMERICAN MOVEMENTS.— The ;irmv of Gates, strengthened by that of DeKalb, left Hillsborough. N. C , July 27th, crossed Deep River at Buffalo Ford, and by the 3d of August, 1780, gained the Peedee River, rind united with Porterlicld's command. On the 7th, the North Carolina militia, under Caswell, joined, and on the 13th, Gates encamped at Rugely's Mills, twelve miles above Camden. On the 14th, Stevens joined, with 700 Virginia militia. The troops of De Kalb, i,40omen, Maryland and Delaware troops, accompanied him from Morristown. New Jersey, having left head- quarters. April 16th. On the islh of August, Gates ordered the army to march, at ten o'clock that night, toattack Cam- den, and insisted upon the order, after .\djutant-General Williams exhibited the daily Returns, show- in)^ that the real force wai less than half his estimate. He did not know that Cornwallis had joined Rawdon at Camden. Marquis Arm.ind, with his squadron of 60 drai^oons, led the advance, in spite of his protest against using nKiiintcd men tor pioneer night service, as it required perfect silence. Porterfield and .Armstrong were to lake the woods, on his flank, and give him full support BRITISH MOVEMENTS. -Cornwallis, advised ..f Gates' force and hij advance, alike in- tended to surprise his enemy. Upon reaching Sander's Creek, five miles from Camden, between two and three o'cu>ck in the morning, the advance guard of 40 cavalr\', and mounted infantry, met antl routed Armand's detachment. Porterfield was mortally wounded in >;iving his support, and both armies waited for the brea.k of day for further developiu'-iils. Note I —The American yj.'/ line was formed ., 1.11. .> Uicht 'Wing, under General Gist, with the Delaware troops of DeKalb; Centre, undi r i . t 1 il, with North Carolina militia; Left Wing, under General Stevens, .with raw Vir^nii i . —'-Eton's guns occupied the road. General Smallwood commanded the i(io«l.ind brigade. Note II.-Tha British J!r,t lint was as follows: Ki^l.i Winy., Webster, wilh jjd and ijd legi- ments, and three c-..also fled. N(.|R VI, -The British right wing, having then broken through, next attacked the ist .\Iar>-land brigade, where it met firm resistance, until Tarleton's dragoons came to their support, when, over- *'''fe,i"Nn'[.^m''e=g;it'i^£>'le7t"^i?,g was firmly received by DeKalb. He bore down upon them with the bayonet, broke through their ranks, wheeled to the left, and fought, until his force was enveloped by the British right wini:, which turned back to charge this, suddenly, adverse tide oi battle. DeKalb fell, wounded in live places, still confident that victory was certainly with the Americans. Note VIII.— The rout of the militia was utter. Gates hurried to Chariotteville, sixty miles, and by the lotb, reached Hillsborough, one hundred and eighty miles from Camden, without fugitives sufficient for an escort. The Delaware regiment was almost destroyed, while the Mary- land troops lost more than y:>o in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Forty-one officers were killed or wounded. Note IX.— The gallantry of DeKalb's cnduct i= shown by the British casualties, which Cornwallis admitted to be 324. • Note X.— Of the missing from the .Maryland division, it is to be noted, to their credit, that by the 2gth , 700 had rejoined the army. Note XI —The British captured 7 guns, 1,000 prisoners, a.ooo muskets, and all the baggage of the American army. |lcfcvfttcc$ : Cakrinoton's " Battlks ok i he .Xmlki' .\m Revolution," im. JiJ-S^S- School ■iii.o'tovirjs : Anderson, «; 93 ; p. 92. Holmes, H 13 ; p. 143- ISwinton, t 4 ; P- I57. Barnes, ^ 2 ; p. 133- Lossing, t 9 ; p. 177. Scott. 1 7 ; p. 203. Berard (Bushl. 1 119; p. 170. Quackenbos, 1 277 ; p. 274-s. Thalheimer (Eclectic), t 288 ; Goodrich, C, A.lSeaveysll 15; p. 138. Ridpath, « 7 ; p. 218, p. 165- Goodrich, S. G, I 4-8; p. 264. Sadlier (Excel.), ^ r?; p. 201-2. Venable, 1 loi'; p. 121. Hassard, 18; p. 212. Stephens, A H, 1 6-7 ; p. 217. 66 Second PosfNon UMHfienBt kaW feimme tiCiiMS!]!^ V f iis'ii.iiujL:;— — Z /mif Co/. /rebsrercmmm//Yrnr/f/.!HJCfg/'! ri-i/ri/fxfevtf/tf^ frff/n /fntiftploripfrff. hi>.''a?iro>maKt/f, and on the 25th marched to Petersburg, arriving at 10 o'clock. (leneraU Steiibeiiaiul Muhlenbcrgwere :it the post with about 1,000 militia. They advanced to a jstroiig position before Brandon (Bradford) which com- pelled ihe Queen's Rangers and Rifles to make a long detour to cut off their retreat and gain Peters- burg. Steuben fell back to cover Petersburg; Viul being unable tn meet the opposing superior force, in action, rci;rosscd the Appomattox River, with a loss of only twenty men. A third position was taken on Baker's Hill, which Arnold did not venture to assail. Arnold claims that " he did not pursue because the enemy took vip the bridge." and that he des- troyed four thousand hogsheads of tobacco, one ship and a number of small vessels on the stockb and in the river. CARKINC.TON's "liAlTlKS (.1 TUl- AM1.K1LAN ReV. ILITION," pp. 569-590. Avnoltr at Uichmoitb jAXfAKV 51 h, 1780 NnTP<;.— BENEDICT ARNOLD, appointed Brigaditr General in the nritish anny, as pay for tre.nsc.n, led New V.irli IHcenil.er i<), 1780, with -.ixteen hiiniircd men for Virginia. Lieut. Col. Sim- <<..-■ (yueen'<. Ranker.. 1. and Lieut. Col. Dundas, i8th Regiment (Scotch), belonged to his command. A gale separated the ships ; but on the 31st he transferred 1,200 men to small vessels and moved up James River. On the 3d of January, at night, Simcoe landed at Homl's Point, to spike a snuill bat- tery, and on the 4th the expedition landed at Westover, nearly twenty-five miles below Richmond, .and marched immediately to that city. On the 5th, Arnold entered Richmond; Sim<:oe dislodged a small force of two hundred militia whitli Col. John Nichols had assembled on Richmond Hill ; and some mounted men on Shoer s Hill quickly retired. A foundry, laboratory and some shops were burned at Westhatn, nearly seven miles above Richmond, as well as some ptiblic records which had been taken there for safety. A proposition sent to Governor Jefferson, dictating terms upon which the buildings might be saved, for the privilege of quietly taking away the tobacco, \v.as rejected ; and, burning as many houses as time permitted, Arnold retired without loss. Five bra>s guns, three hundred stand of arms foMiul in the loft of the capitol, and in a wagon. with a few quartermaster's stores, constituted the chief articles of capture. |lcfcvcttrc6 : t'M;RlN<;TON's "liAnLKs or 'iin-. .-Xmekican Revch.ution," ]>]>. 54^-9 (bm/u/e//w7uJ>/TM7ri!f (iV &rnm//in 1 •>^ attic of Cmuvett0^ JANUARY 7tli, 17S1 ^mrrtrau (Tommaubci^e MORGAN COL. WASHINGTON. HOWARD. McDOWELL. PICKENS. CUNNINGHAM. BEATTY. TRIPLETT. McCALL. .'^irrii'^th, t,j5o I 'asualtirs, 72. AMERICAN FORMATION. The battle was fought ne.ar Bro.i.i River, about two mile-s snuth of the North Caroiin.i boundary hue, on ground used for pasture, and famiharly known as Cow Pens, ISroad River wound around .Morgan's left, and was parallel with his rear, and the position was selected by !ii;n, t • 1 re, cut rcire.it .inn the nc.\i hill, and be prepared to face about and renew the attack. Col. Washington's cav.alry and C .1, McCalls mnunte.l men were out of sight, in the rear of the hill, BRITISH FORMATION. Tarleton made liis advance at seven o'clock in the morning, with force well worn from hard marching, but under advices that a large force of militia was on the way to join .Morgan. Jlragoons on each flank, and in rear, supported the infantry, as designated on the map, and two guns opened fire from the intei^als between battalions. The 71st Regiment formed, slightly in the rear, as a reser^•e. Note I.— 1 he sharp-shooters closely obcveil orders, and finally retreated around the American left for re-formation in the lear and to the right. One detachment of dragoons pursued them, ,is if they were fudlives. Note II.' — The British guns are moved to the front, but the resistance of the main line is so obsti- nate that, Tarleton, with the ytstand two hundred dragoons, takes pan in the charge, Howard throws back his right wing, and this is at first taken for an order to retreat. Morgan promptly orders the troops to face about, deliver lire, and charge with the bayonet. The British were within thirty yards. Note III.— Meanwhile the American cavalry move around by the left of the hill andattack the flank and rear of thetroops which had pursued the retiring militia. The latter gain their assigned position, andare alre.idy ascending the hill to assist Morgan. (See mapi. Note IV.— Nearly every British gunner had been killed or wounded at his gun, Pickens' militia attack the 7tst Regiment bv the flank, as they ascen.l the hill, and the whole force is at the mercy of the cro,s-nre of the American detachments Note V. — Tarleton escaped with forty troopers ; received a sword cut from Washington, who wa-s alto wounded in the knee, and the rest of the command surrendered. Ni>rE VI —Tw. standards, thirty-five w.igons. one hundred horses, eight hundred muskets, two cannon and six hundred prisoners, were trophies of the action. The British lost in killed and wounded. 120 officers and men. ilcfcrcticc«i CarringT'in's " Battlk- i>v riiF. .\.\ieric.\n kf volution," pp. 540-547. school "Iti.Stoviri : Anderson, 1 104 ; p, gi Holmes, "I 6 ; p, 155. Swinton, t 7 ; p. 158, Barnes, ^ i ; p, 137. Lossing, ^ 4 : p. ts2. Scott, f 5 ; P 210-ir. BerardlKushl, 1 139; p. 173, Quackenbos,! 3!!?; p. 284--,, Thalheimer lEclecticl, t 280 , Goodrich. C.A.iSeaveysi,5 24; P- 141. Ridpalh. "T o ; p. 22,. p, 165 ; Goodrich. S. G.. 1 ,1- ; p, 272, Sadlier. . E.Nceli, 1 18 ; p. 203. Venable, ^ 166 ; p, 1.;, Hassard, 1 10 ; p. 219-20 Stephens, A.H. 1 6-7; p 223-4 '<> 3 /%^"^^i?^^^«'S-i#£^'^^-^/^^ . " ;-^l ..xr^b:^ft:!i^^^;S:^ -1^ ^---=^^i.^; _--3l. -%- tr """ ^ „— fe^-'-rr.'i;*: \=^_-(i,mJti7a//'(/ iving. Bose (Hessiani, and 71st regiment, with Leslie, commanding; ist Guards I Norlonl in rcscrv'e. Left iving. aid and 33d regiments, under Webster ; ad Guards (General D'Haral and Grenadiers in reserie. The Yagers and Light Infantry, to the left of the ro.id, supported McLeod's guns. Tarleton's dragoons were in column, on the road, at the rear, to act as ordered. Preliininary Sklrmish.-T.ee .iiul Campbell were sent "iit by Greene, e.irly in the morning, t.. feel the advaiiLiiig encnry. J,, this skirmish. Captain Goodrick, of the British Guards, was killed, and nearly thirty of the Yagers and Dragoons were killed, or wounded. The Americans lost as Bx)Uulapntont af the Battlo N.iir I —As appears from ihe m.ip, the Amerit.oi //->/, or advance line, over-l;ii,pea and at- tem|,le.l I., n.i.ik, th.- I;ruish line. NoTF II. — Cornwallis urged the troops forward, in order to give full effect to their discipline; and rapidly combined the whole force in one line, which thereby equalled the American front. Lieul, O'Hara wis killed at his guns, and the American wings delivered a hoi fire; but the militia, in the .enter, cave way, in confusion, and Singleton took his guns to the rear, in their flight NoiE III. -The American ?./( gains a wooded hill and holds the pursuing British right wing, to a separate, sharp engagement. 'The American right falls b.ack in good order to the second line. Not 1! IV. -The second American line, resists bravely, but yields to pressure, and is put to flight, while Washinglon and Kirkwood, fall back in good order, to the reserves. Note V. — At this stage of the action, the British assume, that success isno longer in doubt, and, that their entire progress, is to be unresisted. While the 71st regiment halts ill the woods, to await a report from the rest of the right wing, which is engaged on the wooded hill, with Lee and Campbell, the ^.-31! regiment halts, also. The exlreuie left wing was pushed directly for the American reserves, wliile the ad Guards and lirenadicrs. in like manner, moved impetuously to the front, without waiting for other support. N<.rK VT -Gunby, and the left wing of Huger's brigade, meet the British left wing, with the b.avonet. and drive them over a r.ivine to the west, where thev remain, for a while, out of action. Note VII. -The attack of the ad Guards and Grenadiers was a surprise to Colonel Willi.ams. of the American left wing, and both guns, which had been withdrawn to this point, were captured. Gunby. and. after bis f5',. Lt. Col. I Pmard, wheels the ist Maryland, .ipplies the bayonet, regains the gvins. and rejiulses the auaik Washington's dragoons charge upon the disordered (.hiards. .Stewart is killed. Gen. f>'Hara is wounded, but rallies the Guards, and brings the a3d and 71st regiments into action. To cover their advance, the guns of McLeod are placed upon a knoll, near the wood, which Singleton sheuld have occufied in his retreat, and Cornwallis pours fire into the American line, at risk to h' wr... troops, which are not wholly disengaged fron. *..^ ^^...^..^a.. ..-..««.,. Note VI II. -When Gunby wheeled upon the Guards, the British left, under Webster, re-crossed the ravine and joined the main body NurE IX.— Tarleton had dispersed Lee's horse, and with Bose's regiment and the ist Guards, takes part in the action. 1 he American left wing ., ,0 envhelmed, and Greene withdraws his army in goo.i or-ler. to Troublesome Creek, iintl. 1 <.,.•( i n.l Green's regiment, which had remained nearly intact during the action. Cornwalli- rr,,^ .'■ Omington, N. C, Wv-^x. ^Tarleton savs : '-If the .-imer . ,. ,1 fre-occuJ>ied the small hill by the road- si.lc. th,- -^yi and 7 li/ 'could not ha-.e »;.-.• : . .- ' -.irds : and the result -Mould ha--e been fatal I., the army c/ Cornvjaliis." Carringtiin's "Battles of the American Revolution," p|i. 5?6-565. i>rhciol 'iU.otovir.s: Anderson. •" 107 ; p. q^;. Holmes. «[ 8 ; p, 154-.^ Swinton, ^ ; p. 15 Barnes. • 2 ; p. ii5. Lossing. •; t-, ; p. i8i-4. Scott, ^ 7; p. 212. Berard(Bushl,1 13.; p. 174. Quackenbos. «i 393; p. 2S5-7. Thalheimer (Eclect Goodrich. C.A.(Se.aveys)^a6; p. 14 2. Ridpath. «i 10; p. 223-4. p. 166. Goodrich. S. G., 1 8 ; p. 573. Sadlier (F.xcel.t, ^ 21; p. 205. Venable,^,6.-.; p.. Hassard, ^ 14 ; p. 221. Stephens. A. H, l 10; p. 225 Ccmpiled an J Drawn hy Col/^ammjlon. guttle of DobUivU ^ill APRIL 25lh, 1781 3^mcvicim (Eominanrtrvs ^viti&h tfommaudcv Col. Washingto^.^'wrnfams, Campbell, > l-ORD FRANCIS RAW Gunby, Ford, Hewes, Reade, Kirkwood, , Campbell Robertsoi Strength, 1.446 Casualties, 271 j Strength, 950 Casualties, 258 AMERICAN POSITION.— General Greene advanced 10 Log Town, Mithin .1 short distance of Camden. .April lyth, lor the purpose ol enticing Kawdon to an action; but failing in this, and being ,00 feeble to attack the post, he withdrew to Hohkirk Hill on the 2^th. Upon a previous rumor, that Lieut -Colonel Webster uas ou his way to reenlorce Lord Rawdon, he had sent Colonel Carrington, with the artillery and baggage, back to Riigely's Mills. That officei had marched eight miles, when recalled but did not regain camp until after g o'clock of the 25th. Greene had sent orders for Marion to join him; hut Kawdon, having learned from a deserter, of this order, and that the artillery had been sent to the rear, resolved to surprise the camp, without dcl.iy. , • , „ Hobkirk Hill is a narrow sand ridge, separating the head springs of small streams which How to the Wateree and Pine Tree Creek. It was then thickly wooded, and abrupt, toward Camden. Woods also extended as far as Log Town, from which place, to Camden, the timber had been cleared, to pre- vent its use as cover for an approach to the post. The .American troops were at breakfast, when tlu ""AMERICAN FORMATION.— The dclachmi oi..>.d "ood soldiers, and he depen.l-d iip-n th-T-. full' (,i, ,,,,!.. II and Hewes. The left >v >, r -l- r \'. ' I li- ihri-e guns, on their arrival, "' " i" ' '■'■''■ 1 , ,.|. -I their ranks after one disch.o ,. . ::■. . 1, . I i:,.' enemy were broken. The .No.il, L.00,0, ,, .;.' Inthe belief that the assault would b. 1:1: 10 wheel toward the advancing column, at \V t liingtcm was to move toward Log Town at small picket was also advanced a mile beyoml il,^ 1., Morgan BRITISH MOVEMENTS.— Rawdon pLiccd the post in charge of convalescents, and s.) closely followed the line of swamp, to ihc eastward, iu his march, that he gained the woods, unperceivcd by the •\raericans, until he met their pickets. A lively skirmish, first warned Greene of the movement, and led to the formation adopted. This route of march, however, carried the British troops to the left of the .Xmerican lines, where the approach w.- . Holmes, 1 u ; p, iss. Swinton. •; .0 ; p. i.-.S. Barnes 1 — • p. — . Losslng. 1 T, p. 184. Scott, 1 7 : P- 212- . Berard(Bushl,1i32; p, 174-;. Quackenbos, 1 ,95 ; p. j.99. Thalheimer (Eclectici, 1 Goodrich.C.A,(Seaveysl,'i7,P- "43. Ridpath * ii ; p 224. P- -■ Goodrich. S.G.,f ^; p. 273. SadheriF.xce 1,1 -;p.-. \ enable, ' .c6 ; p. .27. Hassard, 1 17 ; P- --■■ Stephen-, A H. "^ ri; p.:i25-. >i.l' I l.Mlil K oili, 1701 sVmrviran (!'omman(Uv,5 tlritisli tfommandcvs STUART Strtn Eth, 3 000 C asualt es 693 h stedhi-,: 700 Cunt Ihe Sar arclicd U tee Ri attack heHig troops the Br h Hills rem Nc en mile itish fo .f rth fr he San Carol Dm En at Eu tee f our small battali ons of n ilitia, t vo of No th GREENE Sumner, Lee, Col. Washington. Henders Marion, Kirkwood. Hampton, Ash, , „ ., • v, , Campbell, Armstrong, Pickens, Blount ■ Coffin. Majonbanks Sweet. Williams, Malmady, Brown | Strength, 2.400 Casualties, 408 AMERICAN SITUATION— llencr.il Gre {see map p, 73-3), was juined by General Sumnei and on .Sept. 7th, encamped at FSurdell's I'lantat Springs. .\t 4 o'clock, A. M., September 8lh, Gn Springs. AMERICAN FORMATION.— "Kront lin and two of South Carolina." Marion commanded the r/^/it wing, Pickens, the /rE I, — Cnffin met ihc Antericaii .-uivance ciiard, nearly four miles from camp, anti was driven in with A lo^is (.f ^'>men. The "rooting parlies,'' unarmed as they were, came in, much demoralized, leaving many prisoners in the hands of the Americans. NoiE II. — Artillery firing began at 9 o'clock, with vigor, until one British piece and two American pieces were dismounted. KoTE III.- * The British left vini;,* says Stuart, " bv ^-me unknown mistalvC, a<^7-a».yU\ and drove the North Carolina militia before them, but iinexpecieanks retired to the palisades of the garden. Note VI.— Lee entered the British camp from its left, and British fell back, to reform, oblii^uely, before the house. Note VII.— Many American troops began to plunder the tents. Ni>te VIII. — Greene brought up his artillery, and attempted to restore order, and break the pali- sade defences ; but his gunners were shot down by fire from the windows (a house of three stories, as Greene reports), and leaving his guns, rather that sacrifice the men, he retired to Burdell's Plan- Note IX.— The f^3a and 64th British, had served during the war, from the landing on Statcn IsUt.d.ini779- Note X.— On the night of thcoih, Stuart retired to Monk's Cnrner, broke up, and threw in the river. 1. 000 stand of arms, and left 70 wounded men to the care of ' Me.m —TAis was the last formal ingas,mf>it at the South. |lcfci*cucc0 : Carrington-'s "Rattlis fir im .Vmiricw R|.\-oi.ution-." j.p. 577-584. School 'iii.stovir.s: Anderson, ^ log ; p. 9^ Holmes. ^ 11 ; p. 156. Swinton, t 12 : p. 158. Barnes, 1 s ; p. 138. Lossing, ^ 11 : p. nis-6. Scott, ^ 11 ; p. 214. Berard iBushl, 1 — ; p.—. Quackenbos, f 399; p. 292-3. Thalheimer (Eclecticl, ^ 191 Goodrich, C. A. (Seaveysl.^ »S: p 143. Ridpath. t 14 : p. 224. p, 166 ; Goodrich, S. G. ^ 11 ; p. 27< Sadlier. lExcel), i" 22 • p. 205. Venable. « 166 ■. p 1.- Hassard. t 18 ; p. 222. Stephens, A H. *< 14; p 226-7. 7S " ill 1 1 ' t — IS ^ $ ^ ^ . Mil 1 '^l '1 ' oI'tIs-ccI / , 1 '1 ^1 l'^ , Ol ' ,% . M_ s I '-11 1'lf^f' IJ^Tt'lH (i)|icvatia«0 in Chc^atieahi^ gag THEIR SIGNIFICANCE From 1776, Virginia had lK--en the scene '.f almnst constant iiiva-,ion and depredation As early as March 2Qth. 1777, General Charles Lee. then prisoner of war, in New York, thus addressed Admiral Howe and his brother, General Howe. " If the Province of Maryland, or the greater part of it, is reduced, or submits, and the people of Virginia are prevented or intimidated, from marching aid to the Pennsylvania army, the wh<)le machine is divided, and a period put lo the war; and if it (this plan.) is adopted in full. I am so confident of success that 1 would stake my life on the issue. Apprehensions from General Carleion's army will, I am confident, keep the New Lnglanders at home, or at least Ciinfine 'em to the east side of the river. I would advise that four thousand men be immediately embarked in transports, one-half of which should proceed up the Po- tomac, and take post at Alexandria ; tlie other half up Chcsaapeake Bay, and possess themselves of Annal,oli.- Earl Cornwallis, when urging llie transfer '-f liis own operations from the Southern colonies, ex- plicitly r.-Logni/fd ihe military impiirtauce of Chesapeake liay, ami that Virginia was the only base, jubordinate lo New York, from which to subjugate the Si.uth. He thus wrote to General Clinton, April loth, 1781. " I cannot help expressing my wishes that the Chesapeake may become the seat of war, even (if necessaryl at the expense of abandoning New York. Until Virginia is, in a measure, subdued, our liold of the Carolinas must be difTicult, if not precarious. The rivers of Virginia are advantageous to an invading army ; but North Carolina is, of all the provinces in North America, the most difficult to attack (unless material assistance could be got from the inhabitants of the country, the contrary of which I have sufficiently cxperienced)~on account of .ts great extent, of its numberless rivers and creeks, and the total want of interior navigation." On the 13th of April, he wrote to Lord (jermainc ; " The great rcenforcements sent by Virginia to C'.eneral Greene, whilst Cleneral Arnold was in the Chesapeake, are convincing i>roofs that small ex- peditions do not frighten that powerful province " On the 21st of August, 1781, Washington, writing from Head (^luarlers. Kings Ferry, to Governor Livingston, thus confidentially disclosed his plans. iSee Mag. Am. Hist,, Feb. 1881, vol. IV, p. 14,, and " Carrington's Battles," 4th F.dition, p. 616, note). Washington slates therein, that " He intended to march in person, with the whole of the French army, and a detachment from the American army, with as much despatch as circumstances would admit, into Virginia, believing, that with the arrival of the Count De (kasse and his fleet, with a body of French troops on board, this would be the fairest opportunity 1.1 reduce the whole British fnrce in the South, and ruin their boasted expectations in that tiuarter." It was in the maturing events of 1-81, that Washington disclosed the value of his early con- ception of the war. and its demands, and vindicated the wisdom of that strategy which he had so fully appreciated and enforced. NoTi!.— When the manoeuvcrs of the French fleet led the British squadron into the ofling,thereto give battle, but thereby allowed the French fleet to enter from Rhode Island with siege guns f.-)r the land batteries, and then join De Grasse, and obtain absol-jte supremacy, it was plain that no adequate aid could come to Cornwallis, by sea ; and the allied operations about New York, had as- sured Sir Henry Clinton that he could never again successfully invade New Jersey. The crowning military fact which altaches to the siege of Vorktown itself, is to be derived from the knowledge, that it was the culmination of that stragetical conduct, by which Washington attested his character as a soldier throughout the war. Mtiii.— Among thr inttrctling /acts to it assKialea -utih Ckaaftakl Bay^is ihii.thunc/oyr Admiral Cra-'<-s sailed/or New YpyJtc in 1781, the heaviest naval armament knozvn ttt maritime irar/,i re, z^iz: snenly-tvo hoitile line-o/-battU ships n >id heavy frigates, was Jloatint on its surf,:, t. On^niai^Vi ^itfaiicttc ttt |tlt0itttit Amrxirau (tiimmattbi?t0 LAFAYETTE WAYNE MUHLENBERG STEUBEN On the ifth of March, 1781, General Greene wrote thus, to Washington : " Could the Marquis (Lafayette) j< in us at this moment, we should have a glorious campaign. It would put Lord Corn- wallis and his whole arm_y into our hands." On the !5th of .-40111, Cornwallis left Wilmington, for Virgini.l.and Lafayette, who had reached Richmond, on the iqth, by a forced march from Baltimore, made plans, if reenforced in time, to anticipate the march of Cornwallis, and cut him off from union with Phillips. The reenforcements. seven hundred veterans, under Wayne, had been started southward by Washington, out were delayed in their march. On the 18th of May. Greene assigned Lafayette to the command in Virginia, but to "send all reports to the commander-in-chief " On the 25th of May. Cornwallis was joined by Gen. c1.1l Leslie, with 2.278 fresh troops, which increased his force to 7,000 men, aud he wrote 10 Central Cluuuii, that " he should proceed to dislodge Lafayette frotn Richmond," CORNWALLIS O'HARA SIMCOE TARLETON PARALLEL NOTES Note I.— The General A!;ccTr.bIy adjourned to Charlottesville May 24th, and Cornwallis cro^^d James River at We^tover, on the 25(11, encamping his whole army at White Oak Swamp on the s7th. Til Older to take Richmond in rear. Lafayette, with a force less than one-third that of his adversary left the city northward, leading the Uriiish more than twenty miles. NoTK IL— Cornwallis crossed the Chickahnminy (see mapi, pa^ssecJ Hanover C. H., crossed tlir Paniiinkey, then the North Anna, above New Found Creek, to head of? the American column ; but on the 29th, Lafayette still H^ld the lead, crossed the North Anna, and was on his march to Spottsyl- vania Court House, in the supposed direction of Wayne's approach. Nmtb III.— Cornwallis dropped the pursuit, sent Tarleton to Charlottesville, to attempt a capture of the General Assembly, and marched 10 liyrd Creek, where he juincd Simcoe, and also Tarleion, up. 'II return of the latter from Charlottesville. The army, reunited, after forcing Steuben from his supply camp, at Elk Island, marched eastward, toward Richmond. Lafayette had been joined by Wayne, turned southward along Southwest Mountains, and by the 19th of June, when Steuben joined him, was marching parallel with the British army, the pursued having become the/«riw(?» j. NoTt IV.— On the 2^d of June, the American army had increased, by militia additions, to nearly 6,000 men, including 1^00 regulars. The British had abandoned Richmond on the 20th, and on 'he 2^ih. Lafayette so hotly pressed their columns at Williamsburg, that the entire British army m-jveJ out \<> protect its rear. Eac'ti army lost 30 men in the engagement. On the 4th of July, the *• Battle of Jamestown*' was fought, the British losing 75, and the Americans iia; but Cornwallis crossed the James River, and Lafayette marched to Williamsburg and shut up the peninsula. NoTF. \ .-On the gth of July, Tarleton m.-ide a fruitless raid (see map) to New London. IJedf >rd CMunty, and then joined Cornwallis, who ;nok post at Yorktown, August 4th. By the azd, the eniii** Itriii-sh army had concentrated at Yorktown antl Gloucester. Lafayette sent Wayne to cut oflf retreat, southward, and in urging Washington to come in person, and take command, concludes : " the British army must be forced to surrender. I heartily thank you for having ordered me to remain in Virginia. It is to your goodness that I am indebted for the most beautiful prospect I may ever behold " Mem.— The forced march to Rickmomi, skirmish, at li'iiiiumsdurff, the Battle 0/ Jamestown and the weeks 0/ rapid mana^tivre^ ivhi<. h wore out and shut up the army 0/ Corntvallis^ vindi- cate the confidence which Ifashin^ton and Greene reposed i» Lafayette: and the campaign, zrhit/i Farleton ,.omplimented in hi^h tirmss 'mUI it.ind^ in history^ as one 0/ the most brilliant 0/ the r'ARRINGToN's " liAITLKS OF THE AMERICAN ReVOH'TION," pp. 584-598. Anderson, 1- no; f.qf.. Holmes, 1 12; p, 157. Swinton,^-; p. Barnes, f 2 ; p, 1^9. Lossing. «Fi3; p. i36. ^cott. T — ; p. — Berard(Bush), 1— ; p.—. Thalheimer (Ecle Goodrich. C. A. (Seaveys),! 50. j, 141. Ridpath, •; 17 ; p. 226. Goodrich. S.G..1 1-2; p. 27t.. Sadlier i Excel), ^ 23 ; p. 206. \ enable, ^ 1' 7 ; p Hassard, ^ 9 ; p. 226. Stephens, -\H. « 15; p. 227-S ^cnefetct ^vtt0lit lit Itriu J0ttb0u SEPTEMBER 6th, i 7 8 i On the fith day of September. 1781, the twenty-foul-th birthday of Lafayette, and while Wash- ington and Kochambeau were hastening to join the Army of Virginia, and consummate plans for the rescue of that Colony and the capture of CornwaUis, it was left to General^ Clinton to express his chagrin at thorough out-generalship. by a raid into Connecticut, under the traitor Arnold. ^"he expedition left New York, September 4th, and entered the harbor of New London, at half- past six in the morning, two days later. According to Arnold's Official Report, the landing was effected on both sides of the harbor, about nine o'clock, September 6th As a diversion, to annov Washington, it was trifling; if so intended. He never swerved from gener.il plans, for small local issues. As a military movement, it contemplated no battle, no substan- tial resistance; and, while it might plunder and destroy, it could only intensify opposition to Great Britain .As a matter ot military policy, it was wretched, since Arnold, the traitor, was sent to lay waste his own birthplace. "M-iiVC Lnmlixn Befetices FORT TRUMBULL, on th.- New Lnnd..n b.mk of the Thames River, was a mere breastwork, or wttcr battt-r>- almost open, landward. Just west of this, on high ground, a sni.dl redoubt had been established, but it bore the name, " F.irt Kolly," or " Fort Nonsense, and had no defenders. Fort Trumbull, itseU, was occupied by not more than thirty men. State troops, under Captain Adam Shaplev. FdRT GRISWOLD, which crowned the height on the east shore, was a well conceived redoubt, with parapet, bastions, a covered entrance, a well of water, and was supplemented by a small advanced redoubt, slightly down the hill, and this connected by a close passage with the main work. The garrison was less than 160 men, under Lieut. Colonel Ledyard. A small knoll, or ledge, called Avery's Hill, was to the northeast, but while not commanding the works, was a place for the lodgment of assailants, and was finally occupied by the invaders, Bt^itisb lll0vement.s ARNOLD conducted the left wing, or column, which burned the town. It consisted of 4 com- panies of the 36th regiment under Captain Milieu; a del.achment of Yagers, with two 6-pounder guns, a portion of the Legion of Loyal Americans, and 130 " .American Refugees, " under Captain Frink, from Long Island. Note 1.— .MiTlett advanced upon Fort Trumbull, and received a volley which disabled several men; but the small command of Shapley, took boats for Fort Griswold, losing several men, in one boat, which was shattered by a ball, but joining its garrison. Note IL— When Arnold reached New London, and saw the escape of .Shapley, and the defensive condition of Fort Griswohl. he sent orders to Lieut. Colonel Lyre, countermanding the movement on the e.ast side; but too late, as the advance had been made. His own movements were contined 10 the unresisted destruction of property. He burned ten or twelve ships, with their stores, one oC which, the Hannah, from London, reccn'tly captured as a pri/e by the Americans, contained powder. Arnold claimed that the tire which burned 65 dwellings, js stores and warehouses, 80 ships, 20 barns, a meeting- house, rourt-house, jail, market-house, and custom-house, was the rivsull of the explosion of ^lowder, and a change of wind, which " unfortunately d'slroved, notwithstanding efforts to prevent it. TliO 3|igbt Wing nv, is^nlumn LIEUT. COL, EYRE landed, back of Pine Island, and .advanced in two divisions, the 54th and 40th regiments, respectively, leading c;ich. One gun anil one howitzer .accompanied the command. The right division was supported bv a detachment of Yagers, and the left division, by New Jersey Volun- teer- ; but the last named fell behind, while making the circuit of jwampy ground, and did not rejom, until the storming part^- niounled the rampart CAPT. BECKWITH, who bore from Eyre to Ledvard. a demand for surrender of the fort, re- ceived, through Captain Shapley, the prompt rejection of terms. The prompt reenforcement of the lort by militia, who were available, and partially depended upon, in the debate as to the demand for surrender, might have assured a final repulse. Better defences than at Breed's Hill, in 1775, covered the defenders- but although Colonel Nathan Gallup, of the Groton militia, had f.ailh in his ability to Fill the fort with men, they would not consent to be enclosed by works, with no avenue for escape. The real battle was quickly fought 1 he smrming parties .,1, the s .' ' ' '.., si, » ere compelled to pass .•» deep ditch, and climb an embankment of twelve feet. 1 entered through three embrasures in the rampart, flanking thi salient angle. The d nearly to the gate The first repulse inflicted a slaughter of the assailants, greaif . r of the garraon. The seconii assault crowned the parapet. Fyre and three other 011 oided, and Major Montgomery was killed bv a spear, so that Major Hroomficld, a N.:» I'l •. 1. ^.0|.t, look command in the final charge with bayonets. Lieut. Colonel Biiskirk, of the iSew Jersey Volunteers, came up tardily, but participated in the assault , , , , f Lieut. Cfolonel Ledyard ordered the gate opened, and, fairly surrendered the fort ; out nothing would satisfy the tory allies of tl..; f;ilii,Ii trrnps, but wholesale slaughter of the brave defenders. Eighty-live men w-ere found dead, .ml r t. «. ic dangerously wounded. The American loss, up to the moment of a fair surrender, h.nl 1.. . n liiflm.; The Hritish l..ss was severe. I ., ..llv reporied as ■oneMajot," oneCapl.ain, one Lieu- I f..,lv t.iuk and hie kille/,-";- p. 140. Los, ins. «" 1 =, ; p 187. Scott. « 15 ; p. =1 Bci-ard (Bushl, 1 137; p. 170. (jii.k.n:., •4.<.;p,294. Thalheimer lEch Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveys),1— ;p.— . I'.m, !. • 1 -i-:. p. 171-:, Goodrich, S,G.,1 6; p. 271. S,,.',. I ^. . '—p.—. Venable. ^ -; p. Hassaid, «; 7; p.=.'5. So;. !.-::. \ H • -; p. -. '^gieac of llorhtoiuu, 1?81"^ MifiiL'tli if AIIr-U Forces, i6joo G£ORG£ WASHINGTON Commander-in-Chief 3^mevican .fovrfs MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE General LINCOLN WAYNE KNOX DU HORTAIL BARON STEUBEN NELSON 4ff«rl» Jfovcf.a eut -Gen. COUNT DE ROCHAMBEAU and Admiral COUNT DE GRASSE Imiral COUNT DE BARRAS meral DE BEVILLE BARON DE VIOMENIL MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX M DE CHOISY WEEDON I Chevalier Colonel DE LAMETH CLINTON I Colonel COUNT DE DUMAS COUNT DE DEUX FONTS GIMAT General DUKE DE LAUZUN DE ST. SIMON MARQUIS DE LA ROUERIE MARQUIS DE L MONTMORENCl MARQUIS DE SAINT MAIME MARQUIS DE CUSTINE " ST. CLAIR LAWSON MUHLENBERG Colonel HAMILTON STEVENS LAMB CARRINGTON SCAMMEL LAURENS JNTROpUCTOJlY NOTE ibeau [jrcs^et] Lieut, (.reneral Clinton, Washington and Rochambeau i,ies,ed Lieut, General Clinton, Brlti^h eommander, at New York, bo eloselv. that he believed that their /i:::ts were real movements, and called upon Cornwallis to send troops io ;j/ .J IlirfatciuuUieie of New York, August 25th, The allied armies were west of Hudson River, but not to attack Staten Island or New York, September 2d, the American army, and Seplembi-r id, the French army, swept swiftly through Philadelphia, On the 5th, while passing Chester. Washington learned from a courier, that Count de Grasse was off the coast ; and on the 14th , he was at Latayette's headquarters, at Williamsburg, Va. \x\\\^\x Commanbcro EARL CORNWALLIS, Lieut.-Gen«ral OHARA SIMCOE TARLETON Strength, S.szs , ,. , , XoTc I -Washington, , asking on the 15th. Wr iransptjrtafion for his troops, from head of Elk River found that Admiral de Barra-. had already sent ships for that purpose. On the 18th, with Rochambeau, Knox, and Du Portail, he visited De Grasse, upon his Hagship, " La Ville de Paris." Note II. - ^eptember 25th, the army ( j2,4(xj regulars, and 4,000 militia) concentrated, at Williams- burg ; took position, within two miles of British advanced works, on the 2Slh and, after rcconnois- ance in force, on the 29th environed Yorktown. Colonel Scammel was mortally wounded; HHtUh ^^ist^^^^^i^^^-iJ^u::^'' '" '""'"' ^-™'-^^-^^' --'"= ^-- «--■ NcirE III. On the Gloucester side, Duke de I auzun.with his cavalry; Weedon's Virginia militia, and -,Va» casualties, tj killed, 65 wounded; Av,-n.-/,, 52 killed, 134 wounded. UriliiA. 1^6 killed, 326 wounded, and 70 missing. Force surrendered, Officers and men, 7,073, and of seamen and shipping, 900. Kcfcvcucc0 : Carrin'.tonS "Baitlls of thl Amf.rican Revolution," pp. 631-647. School i'U.stovifj: Anderson 5 114- p. 07 Holmes, T 13; v 227. Swint.m. ♦ 4, p. 158. Rrrnes S', ■ o '-ivy-To Lossing. * .6 ; p. 187-8. Scott. 5 .6-18 ; p. 216. B?rard'(Bush); 1 14V p. .77. Qnackenbos, 1 40.^2; p. 293-S. Thalheimer (Eclectic), "i 3°3-« ; Goodrich C A (Seavevs),t 3-4, p "45 Ridpath, 1 18; p. 226, P; ,'75-:0' goodrich: S. G!:r4-Q! P W'-s' Sadber ( Excel), 1 ■6-,8; p. 2.4. Venable, 1 .67 : p, .28-9. Hassard, T u ; p. 227. Stephens. A H 1 18; p. 229. ®1« yiiiv for JlmerltJitt |nbe}»eniicntc Had its true policy declared by Gen. Nathaniel (tkeenk, then in camp before Boston, during June,, 1775. It was this, in brief: (See CARRiNr.ToN's "Battles ok thk American Revolution," pp. So-gi.) 1. One General-in-Chief. 2. Enlistments, for the war. 3. Bounties, for families of soldiers in the field. 4. Service, to be general, regardless of place of enlistment. 5. Money loans to be effected, equal to the demands of the war. 6. A Declaration of Independence, with the pledge of all the resources, of each Colony, to its support. COtt^hial ^rmu ©r^atti^attaii GEORGE WASHINGTON C'ommandrr-in-d'hicf HORATIO GAT£S Ailjutant ('knrral Pajor (»>cnrral.si ARTEMAS WARD CHARLES LEE PHILIP SCHUYLER ISRAEL PUTNAM XlnnatUcr (!>fnfvalsi SETH POMEROY, RICHARD MONTGOMERY, DAVID WOOSTER WILLIAM HEATH, JOSEPH SPENCER JOHN THOMAS. NATHANIEL GREENE. pcrlavation of ^wbcvcttlintce jlLV 4II1, 1770 ^ttiTcnbcr af CotunmUi^ ( )( ii i\;v.K 19th, I 7S I Officially Declared, April i8th, i7(S3 §attlc ^Xixp and (^hartsi of the gmtetkau Revolution ByHENRYB.CARRINGTON,M.A.,LL.D.,Cnl.U.S. Army. Putihshcil Ijy A.S. BARNES & CO., Ill and 113 William Street, New York. The jiublishers issue this work for tlie use of leathers and scholars, as well as for its fitness as a companion to all Histories of the Unitelumc, by (icner.il Carrington, U. S. A., represents .in .imount of p.itient toil which none bnt .-in antiquarian, or one who pursues historical investigations in accordance with the most approved methods of the cautious scholarship of modern times, can well understand. It is evident that a single map. or corner cif a map. has often cost the author weeks of unremitting labor ; hut the result is worth the toil spent in its achievement. Patience and fidelity are the things most needed in such a work as this, which virtually puts the costliest or most inaccessible historical records within re.ach of the public schools and the reader .at home. The book is a companion to any history of the United States.— <,v {Md.) Iterald. Invaluable to all historical students and the best book of the kind in our literature. The volume has been compiled and brought out with the usual thoroughness that characterizes Col. C.irrington's viotV.— Boston Transerift. Deserves a welcome in ever>' school district, as well as in every historical library in the land. — Army and NaTy Journal. In our opinion. Col. Carrington's work is an authority, showing great labor and careful study, and it should become a national text book, and find a place in all public and private libraries. — fndiana- /■olisi.lnd.)//era!d. Each map is accompanied with a statement of the generals and number of men engaged on both sides, to which is appended the reason forsuch battle or engagement, with remarks by the author, who is excellent authority in military matters —The hdiicator (.VV-c Haven. Cl.j A valuable compilation from the author's large work, and cannot fail to make a more lasting impression upon the author's mind than could be desired from the perusal of many volumes of his- tory —.\'. r. Iter aid. Each ma|) is accompanied by a page of text, arranged upon a compact and original system, so as to present a singularly clear view {>f the history and significance of the engagement in question, the names of the chief and subordinate commanders, the forces nominal and available, the losses on e.ich Prof, Northrop, Secretary of the State Board of Education, of Conn., and Presi- dent Carlcton, of the State Xorinal School, adopted it upon its first appearance. Price, $1.25. Sent, post-paid, to Sciiool Superintendents and Teachers, for introduction, upon receipt of $1.00 ; and li'ieral tenns made with Schools Mililarv and Civil, .\rmv (Officers and Posts, Stale Militia, and the Trade. A BOOK FOR HISTORICAL STUDENTS. Battles of the American Revolution. r.V HKNkV li. CAKRINGTDN, M A l.L. (■.•/on,-l r,i,teJ'Stat,-s Ar,„r. Tile following area few ^elections fioin personal and press uotices, at lionic and abroad T « >K1. i.f \;ll.- ( K<- \ l-r..iii 111.' ABMV ANn From K\ IT.-, II « >Kl...f \;ll.-( !,'.■ — " I thmk 11 M I k ..I |..Tiiiiiii,'iii \:i\n,- iiiilk forlialH'S. l.iu ,li,ii,i; 111. Ill 1..I 111. 11 T ■. ,.l I.M-I it will !..■ ill! iiiii -115.1111.1 1 1h'1i.-\.' II uill hin.' 1. r.iTiiiiin.-iif |>liu-i' niiuiiii; b.jDks. lurnisiiing tin' cciuii- uich till' nii'aus of jutting tlic cmiipaiKris "f Wllsll on and the IJevolut; , u 1' r.fi.iM tlic Nt l:i-v..lnll,>Ti 1.1 ..r.l.T; 111.- .11.. I.'iiillrii.- III. I.. I i)tiENAL.-"Thl8 18 ■atlvo crlttelsin on wtiicii tile eentury has alul iiiiius-liil. basecl on tin' ■' ii.lei-at pinna. in.ilnB li.i.ilt. !'«'» .1..UK1 iduav 1 l.liui ,i- ..f out an Mimh . T.i s|..-.lai «. ..r mil ■rill IV urrli h l-SUltH l.l.T it K at a )f any f 111 Kevi til.' thanks .If his .ami 1 lioiif it will liirliii.' fully r.--lniliiii,- Hon. W.M. M, Kv.vHTS. New York rjty. It of til. „.._ ^ Col.. .in of the task Ife 111... maps, wiiloh ml llnii Fr 111. Ill nil 111 >lriit trill. 1.- III.' iiiiiiror.-s. , whole voliuii.' i.'.'iiis « iiti .I...-. iil^ which Kive a M..ii;,l i.'ii.l. 1 I.. . ..ii.-.i iiii.l iiii.llit;.'iii \i.'«>. .if liie , m'W cast t.. I.'il.IIi.h l..,iil.'. \i u-lnal d.-lm-nt l.iiul.'siin.lall.ii.liiiil mill Inn ..p.-i :in..ii.~,- ci..i . n l.iinily, Kroin Hon. I IKOROE Ban.'Kokt .-"An entirely n.-w an.Ican he a|.| "l i n,, . i, n.i, ,.i..l -. l '■■•\f. Held of hisiorleal lalior." "A splemlld volume, I a» well as bv ^. ti "i .i - Vi.i'l. - in ..i . Iiii|i- which I see at onee i» tiie fruit of innch toll and ters. a iat'.if .i. , .....l ;, .. i . i. n. . i .i.l.' ..t carefnl researcli, and tlu' advantat'e of military i authors ami lil.i.iius . ..umiIi. .1. .n .Viii.iu.i and experience." I Kurope. forms a iiart of tlic ronii'letem-ss witli I whli^li the v.iinnie enters into tlie permanent record of .\inerlean iilstory ' From Benson .1. I.ossiNti, P^so.. Historian. • I am Batlstle pliilosophy of tlie ..I.l uii true relations of a" careful and tliont.'l an alisolute n.'i'.'M as II ilo.'s. a I. nil. -11 ' iii.h'pendence and tlie lie has made a imrwork. It Is lire. fiirnlshlnK. From WlI.l.l.^M 1,. sn.NK. llist.irlan.-" Yourlio..k Bhoiilrl lie on the shelves of treri/ Bcholar In ..iir country." It is invaluable." Kri.m till' i,r.-;i..-.v •J\Tri;i.AV Hevie-w.-" Tli.' cal'.'f.illv 11"! .i"...il' k il.lail.'.l a.'.'.,iint of .'a.'li i.i'.v.' Ill i|".iliilil a. 11. ill. lUilstriK.'.l 111 .'iir.lii ;. , : I .1 'i: i|.-. i.'ii.l.'i 111,' wi.rk l.lk-lih a IT.. Kr.im the I,..i i.m ii.i k i-Cv . (YiliniEK-.ToilKNAL "ThlBst.iry ..f ili.' llalll.'s ..t tlie Kevolutloll is liased upon otH.'lal r.i..'rl~ an. ..II the statements of au- thnrltl.'s t.. wli.,11. i.l.r. .. is made. The mans are tin' work nf Ih.' iiiiili..r, 1 is.'.l iiii.inth.ise previously publlslii'.i. ..r .i|...ii |..'is., Q.'l.is. Th.' I. .1. IIIII- will 111! Iiis|..'.'ti,.ll nf Ihc hllttle |.l„i.' iii.lni.'lH.' Ii.lliose who s.-.-k it.-ii.Tal km. Ml. .iK-.'f milllari Tati,™ llir.iiiKh this a|.|.li.ali..ii 1 piipiilai t'.iiii.or military nrinclpl.-s l.i familiar e\ iiiiik's, ami j.icstiits in an Interi-BtinK shape a single record of all the battles of the Hevoliltion.-' From the f maps and exhauslive index ' Eoyal Octavo Cloth, $6. 00 1 Sheep, $7.50 i Half Calf or Morocco, $9.00 \ Foil Morocco, $12.00. A. S. BARNES & CO., PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK. MAGAME OF AMEEICAN HISTORY. I B F. DECOSTA. Editors; ^ hENRY P. JOHNSTON. THE onlv periodical on this continent exclusively devoted to the History and Antiquities of America; containinji: oriy^inai Essays. Articles and Documents, Reprints and Translations of rare papers necessary to the student and ocneral reader; l^iterary Reviews and Notices of Current Publications, servinoc as a ijuide to the collector : a special de})artment of Notes and Queries and a monthly chronicle of occurrences. It appears monthly, in numbers of eighty pages each, is handsomely illustrated with a profusion of steel and wood engravings, and makes two elegant volumes a year. This i)ublication is now in its fifth year and is firmly established with the supj)ort of the cultivated element of the country. It is invaluable to the reading public, cover- ing a held not occupied by ordinary ])eriodical literature. It numbers among its contributors tht' names of the most distinguished historical scholars of the country, and is in every way an admirable taiile companion for the scholar, and for all persons of liteiar\' and anti(]uariaii tastes. It has met with general ajiproyal. and .ilreatly forms a store- house of material not accessil)le in any other form. It^^ The first and second volumes of this magazine have become so scarce that they can be supplied only as odd numbers can be picked up here and there. 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