^?</ 
 
TS 1779 
 .05 U6 
 1919 
 Copy 1 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 
 '■ BUREAU OF THE CENSUS 
 WASHINGTON 
 
 FOURTEENTH CENSUS OF THE UNITED STATES 
 
 MANUFACTURES: 1919 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM 
 
 Prepared under the supervision of EUGENE F. HARTLEY, Chief Statistician for Manufactures 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Page 
 2 
 
 Explanation of Terms 
 
 GENERAL STATISTICS 
 
 General character of the industry 3 
 
 Comparative summary 3 
 
 Persons engaged in the industry 4 
 
 Wage earners, by months, [or states 5 
 
 Average number of wage earners, by prevaiHng hours of labor per 
 
 week, for states 5 
 
 Size of establishments, by average number of wage earners, for 
 
 states 5 
 
 Size of establishments, by vahie of products 6 
 
 Character of ownership 6 
 
 Number and horsepower of types of prime movers 7 
 
 Fuel consumed 7 
 
 SPECIAL STATISTICS 
 
 Detailed statistics on ([uantity and value S 
 
 (JKNERAL TABLES 
 
 Table 11.— Comparative summary, by states 8 
 
 Table 12.— Detailed statement for the industry, by states 9 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 WASHINGTON 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 
 
 1922 
 
EXPLANATION OF TEEMS. 
 
 Scope of census. — Census statistics of manufactures are compiled primarily for 
 the purpose of showing the absolute and relative magnitude of the diilerent branches 
 of industry covered and their growth or decline. Incidentally, the eliort is made 
 to present data throwing light upon character of ownership, size of establishments, 
 and similar subjects. When use is made of the statistics for these purposes it is 
 imperative that due attention be given to their limitations, particularly in 
 connection with any attempt to derive from them figures purporting to show aver- 
 age wages, cost of production, or profits. 
 
 The census did not cover establishments which were idle during the entire year or 
 for which products were valued at less than S500, or the manufacturing done in 
 educational, eleemosynary, and penal institutions. 
 
 Period covered.— The returns relate to the calendar year 1919, or the business 
 year which corresponded most nearly to that calendar year, and cover a year's opera- 
 tions, except for establishments which began or discontinued business during the 
 year. 
 
 The establishment.— As a rule, the term "establishment" represents a single 
 plant or factory , but in some oasee it represents two or more plants which were oper- 
 ated under a common ownership or for which one set of books of account ^vas kept. 
 If, however, the plants constituting an establishment as thus defined were not all 
 Tocafod within the same city, county, or state, separate reports wer? secured in 
 order that the figures for each plant might bo included in the statistics for the city, 
 county, or sto to in which it was located. In some instances separate reports were 
 secured for different industries carried on in the same establishment. 
 
 Classification by industries.- The establishments were assigned to the several 
 classes of industries according to their products of chief value. The products re- 
 ported for a given industry may thus, on the one hand, include minor products 
 different from those covered by the class designation, and, on the other hand, may 
 not represent the total product covered by this designation, because some products 
 of this class may be made in establishments in which it is not the product of 
 chief value. 
 
 Influence of Increased prices.~In comparing figures for cost of materials, value 
 of products, and value added by manufacture in 1919 with the corresponding figures 
 for earlier censuses, account should be taken of the general increase in the prices 
 of commodities during recent years. To the extent to which this factor has been 
 inCuential the figures fail to afford an exact measure of the increase in the volume 
 of business. 
 
 Persons engaged in the Industry.— The following general classes of persons en- 
 gaged in the manufacturing industries were distinguished: (1) Proprietors and firm 
 members, (2) salaried oiReers of corporations, (3) superintendents and managers, 
 (4) clerks (including other subordinate salaried employees), and (5) wage earners. 
 
 The number of persons engaged in each industry, segregated by sex, and, in the 
 case of wage earners, also by age (whether under 16 orl6 and over), was reported for 
 a single representative day. The 15th of December was selected as representing for 
 most industries normal conditions of employment, but where this date did not 
 portray such conditions, an earlier date was rcciuested. 
 
 In the case of employees other than wage earners the number thus reported for the 
 representative date has been treated as equivalent to the average for the year, since 
 the number of employees of this class does not ordinarily vary muchf rom month to 
 month. In the case of wage earners the average bas been obtained in the manner 
 explained in the next paragraph. 
 
 In addition to the more detailed report by sex and age of the number of wage 
 earners on the representative date, a report was obtained of the number employed on 
 the loth of each month, by sex, without distinction of age. From these figures 
 the average number of wage earners Jjpr the year has been calculated by dividing the 
 sum of the numljers reported for the several months by 12. The importance of the 
 Industry as an employer of labor is believed to be more accurately measured by 
 this average than by the number employed at any one time or on a given day. 
 
 The number of wage earners reported for the representative day, though given in 
 certain tables for each separate Industry, is not totaled for all industries combined, 
 because, in view of the variations of date, such a total is not believed to be signifi- 
 cant. It would involve more or less duplication of persons working in different 
 industries at different times, would not represent the total number employed in 
 all industries at any one time, and would give an undue weight to seasonal indus- 
 tries as compared with industries in continual operation. 
 
 In order to determine as nearly as possible the age distribution of the average 
 number of wage earners for an industry, the per cent distribution by age of the 
 wage earners for December 15, or the nearest representative day, has been calcu- 
 lated from the actual numbers reported for that date. The percentages thus 
 obtained have been applied to the average number of wage earners for the year 
 to determine the average numbers IG years and over, and under Id, employed. 
 
 Salaries and wages.— Under these heads are given the total payments during the 
 year for salaries and wages, respectively. The Census Bureau has not undertaken 
 to calculate the average annual earnings of either salaried employees or wage earners. 
 Such averages would possess little real value, because they would be based on the 
 earnings of employees of both sexes, of all ages, and of widely varying degrees of skill. 
 Furthermore, so far as wage earners are concerned, it would be impossible to calcu- 
 
 late accurately even so simple an average eis this, since the number of wage earners 
 fluctuates from month to month in every industry, and in some cases to a very great 
 extent. The Census Bureau's figures for wage earners, as already explained, are 
 averages based on the number employed on the 15th of ©ach month, and while 
 representing the number according to the pay rolls to whom wages were paid on 
 that date, no doubt represent a larger number than would be required to perform 
 the work i n any i ndustry i f all were continuously employed during the year. 
 
 Prevailing hours of labor.— No attempt was made to ascertain the number of 
 wage earners working a given number of hours per week. The inquiry called merely 
 for the prevailing practice followed in each establishment. Occasional variations 
 in hours in an establishment from one part of the year to another were disregarded, 
 and no attention was paid to the fact that a few wage earners might have hours 
 differing from those of the majority. All the wage earners of each establishment 
 are therefore counted in the class within which the establishment itself falls. In 
 most establishments, however, practically all the wage earners work the same 
 number of hours, so that the figures give a substantially correct representation 
 of the hours of labor. 
 
 Capital (amoimt actually invested).— The instructions on the schedule for se- 
 curing data relating to capital were as follows: 
 
 "The answer should show the total amount of capital, both owned and borrowed, 
 on thelast day of the business year reported. All the items of fixed and live capital 
 may betaken at the amounts carried on the books. If land or buildings are rented, 
 that fact should be stated and no value given. If a part of the 1 and or buildings la 
 owned, the remainder being rented, that fact should be so stated and only the valu« 
 of the owned property given. Do not include securities and loans representing 
 investments in other enterprises." 
 
 These instructions were identical with those employed at the oensusus of 1914 
 and 1909. The data compiled in respect to capital, however, at both censuses, as 
 well as at all preceding censuses of manufactures, have been so defective as to b« 
 of little value except as indicating general conditions. In fact, it has been 
 repeatedly recommended by the census authorities that this inquiry be omitted 
 from the schedule. While there are some establishments whose accounting systems 
 are such that an accurate return for capital could be made, this is not true of the 
 great majority, and the figures therefore do not show the actual amount of capital 
 invested. 
 
 Materials.— The statistics as to cost of materials relate to the materials used 
 during the year, which may be more or less than the materials purchased during 
 the year. Th&term " materials " covers fuel, rent of power and heat, mill supplies, 
 and containers, as well as materials which form a constituent part of the product. 
 
 Rent and taxes.— The taxes include certain Federal taxes and state, county, 
 and local taxes. Under "Federal taxes" there are included the internal revenue 
 tax on manufactures (tobacco, beverages, etc. ) , excise taxes when included in values 
 reported for products, corporation capital stock tax, and corporation income tax, 
 but not the income tax for individuals and partners. 
 
 Value of products.— The amounts given under this heading represent the selling 
 value or price at the factory of all products manufactured during the year, which 
 may differ from the value of the products sold. 
 
 Value added by manufacture.— The value of products is not always a aatli- 
 factory measiu^e of either the absolute or the relative importance ofa given industry, 
 because only a part of this value is actually created by the manufacturing processes 
 carried on in the industry itself. Another part, and often by far the larger one, 
 represents the value of the materials used. For many purposes, therefore, the 
 best measure of the importance of an industry, from a manufacturing standpoint, 
 is the value created by the manufacturing operations carried on within the indus- 
 try. This value is calculated by deducting the cost of the materials used from 
 the value of the products. The figure thus obtained is termed In the census reports 
 "value added by manufacture." 
 
 Cost of manufacture and profits.- The census data do not show the entire cost 
 of manufacture, and consequently can not be used for the calculation of profits. 
 No account has been taken of depreciation or interest, rent of ofl^ces and buildings 
 other than factory or works, insurance, ordinary repairs, advertising, and other 
 sundry expenses. 
 
 Primary horsepower. — This item represents the total primary power equipment 
 of the manufacturing establishments plus the amount of power, principally elec- 
 tric, rented from other concerns. It does not cover the power of electric motors 
 taking their current from dynamos driven by primary power machines operated 
 by the same establishment, because the inclusion of such power would obviously 
 result in duplication. The figures for primary horsepower represent the rated 
 capacity of the engines, motors, etc., and not the amount of power In actual dally 
 use. 
 
 FneL— Statistics of the quantity of fuel used are shown only for anthracite and 
 bituminous coal, coke, fuel oils, gasoline and other volatile oils, and gas, and 
 represent the quantity used during the year. As only the principal kinds of fuel 
 are shown, comparison as to the total cost o f all fuel is Impracticable. 
 
 (2) 
 
 LIBRARY OF CONGr^eSS 
 
 RECEIVED 
 
 AI)G151922 
 
 DOOUMiSnTs e.v.oiON 
 
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 (9^ 
 
 r'7^ 
 
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 \'A 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. 
 
 By Aethtjr J. Leok. 
 
 GENERAL STATISTICS. 
 
 General character of the industry. — Most oilcloth and 
 linoleum are built on a textile foundation or backing, 
 such as unbleached cotton sheeting, drill, duck, burlap, 
 or felt. These foundation materials are not made 
 within this industry but are purchased, so that the 
 process of manufacture becomes one of mixmg and 
 applying the ingredients, much of which is done by 
 the use of special machinery. 
 
 Summary for the industry. — The general develop- 
 ments in the oilcloth and linoleum industry, during 
 the 20 years since 1899, are summarized in Table 1. 
 The two main divisions of the industry — " oilcloth and 
 linoleum, floor," and "oilcloth, enameled" — are here 
 presented both separately and combined. 
 
 Persons engaged in the industry. — Table 2 shows 
 for 1919, 1914, and 1909 the number of persons en- 
 gaged in the industry distributed by class and sex, 
 the wage earners being grouped according to age — 
 " 16 years of age and over," and " under 16 years of 
 age." 
 
 Wage earners, by months. — Table 3 shows the fluc- 
 tuation by months in the number of wage earners 
 employed in the industry on the 15th of each month 
 during the years 1919 and 1914 for the United States, 
 and for 1919 by states. 
 
 Prevailing hours of labor. — The tendency of this 
 industry toward fewer working hours per week is evi- 
 denced by the statistics presented in Table 4. The 
 
 different schedules of time prevailing in the various 
 states are also brought out by this table. 
 
 Size of establishments, by average number of wage 
 earners. — The size of establishments for the combined 
 industries as measured by the average number of wage 
 earners is shown in Table 5 for the United States in 
 1919 and 1914, and by states in 1919. 
 
 Size of establishments, by value of products. — The 
 decrease in the number of estabhshments having a 
 small value of output and the increase in number hav- 
 ing a large value is evidenced by the flgures presented 
 in Table 6. At the census of 1909 estabhshments 
 ranging from $100,000 to .11,000,000 in value of prod- 
 uct formed one group, while in 1914 and 1919 a divi- 
 sion of this group was made in order to permit a more 
 detailed analysis of the subject. 
 
 Character of ownership. — It is clearly shown in Table 
 7 that in 1919, 1914, and 1909 the corporate form of 
 ownership predominated in the oilcloth and linoleum 
 industry. 
 
 Number and horsepower of types of prime movers. — 
 The various types of power used in 1919, 1914, and 
 1909 is shown in Table 8 for the industry as a whole 
 and separately for the two branches, "oilcloth and 
 linoleum, floor," and "oilcloth, enameled." 
 
 Fuel consumed. — Table 9 shows an increase from 
 1914 to 1919 in all kinds of fuel consumed with the 
 exception of antliracite coal and manufactured gas. 
 
 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1919, 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899. 
 
 Oilcloth and Linoleum. 
 
 Number of establishments 
 
 Persons engaged 
 
 Proprietors and firm members... 
 
 Salaried employees 
 
 Wage earners (average number). 
 Primary horsepower 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Salaries and wages 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Wages 
 
 Paid for contract work 
 
 Rent and taxes 
 
 Cost of materials 
 
 Value of products 
 
 Value added by manufacture • . 
 
 NUMBER OR AMOUNT. 
 
 1919 
 
 360, 
 9, 
 
 2, 
 7, 
 
 2, 
 41, 
 6S, 
 26, 
 
 32 
 
 7,573 
 
 7 
 
 1,022 
 
 6,544 
 
 28,010 
 
 586,645 
 
 902,300 
 
 183,334 
 
 718,966 
 
 15, 798 
 
 361,313 
 
 509,426 
 
 110,081 
 
 ,600.655 
 
 1914 
 
 31 
 
 6,234 
 
 7 
 
 576 
 
 5,651 
 
 22, 272 
 
 ?28, 04 1,178 
 
 4,149.632 
 
 936,317 
 
 3,213,315 
 
 114,805 
 
 17,775,863 
 
 25,598,361 
 
 7, 822, 498 
 
 1909 
 
 31 
 
 5,557 
 
 11 
 
 345 
 
 5,201 
 
 16, 125 
 
 S19,634,138 
 
 3,474,628 
 
 649,083 
 
 2,825,545 
 
 27,645 
 
 74,449 
 
 15,5.50,101 
 
 23,339,022 
 
 7, 788, 921 
 
 1904 
 
 27 
 
 4,112 
 
 12 
 
 217 
 
 3,883 
 
 10,112 
 
 $13,803,232 
 
 2,304,987 
 
 361,230 
 
 1,943,7.57 
 
 4,023 
 
 = 49,369 
 
 10,050,009 
 
 14, 792, 246 
 
 4,742,237 
 
 1899 
 
 I'ER CENT OF INCREASE. I 
 
 1914- 
 1919 
 
 27 
 
 3,409 
 
 26 
 
 153 
 
 3,230 
 
 7, .561 
 
 SS, 879, 102 
 
 1,922,630 
 
 294,523 
 
 1,628,113 
 
 21.5 
 
 77.4 
 15.8 
 25.8 
 116.1 
 138.6 
 133.2 
 140.2 
 
 = 38,004 1,956,8 
 
 7, 549, 672 133. 5 
 
 11,402,620 I 166.1 
 
 3,852,948 I 240.1 
 
 1909- 
 1914 
 
 1904- 
 1909 
 
 67.0 
 8.7 
 38.1 
 42.8 
 19.4 
 44.3 
 13.7 
 
 54.2 
 14.3 
 9.7 
 0.4 
 
 35.1 
 
 59.0 
 33.9 
 59.5 
 42.2 
 50.7 
 79.7 
 45.4 
 
 50.8 
 54.7 
 57.8 
 64.2 
 
 1899- 
 1904 
 
 20.6 
 
 41.8 
 20.2 
 33.7 
 5.5.5 
 19.9 
 22.6 
 19.4 
 
 29.9 
 33.1 
 29.7 
 23.1 
 
 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base is less than 100. = Exclusive of internal revenue. ' Value of products less cost of materials. 
 
 (3) 
 
 1 1 -%io'0ll 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Table 1.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY: 1919, 1914, 1909, 1904, AND 1899— Continued. 
 
 NUMBER OR AMOUNT. 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, FLOOR. 
 
 Number of establishments 
 
 Persons engaged 
 
 Proprietors and firm members... 
 
 Salaried employees 
 
 Wage earners (average number) . 
 
 Primary horsepower 
 
 Capital. . 
 
 Salaries and wages 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Wages 
 
 Paid for contract work 
 
 Rent and taxes 
 
 Cost of materials 
 
 Value of products 
 
 Value added by manufacture ' . 
 
 OILCLOTH, ENAMELED. 
 
 Number of establishments 
 
 Persons engaged 
 
 i'roprietors and firm members. . . 
 
 Salaried employees 
 
 Wage earners (average number). 
 
 Prmary horsepower 
 
 Caipital.. 
 
 S49, 
 
 8, 
 1, 
 6, 
 
 2, 
 30, 
 52, 
 22, 
 
 alaries and wages 
 
 Salaries 
 
 Wages 
 
 Paid for contract work 
 
 Rent and taxes 
 
 C ost of materials 
 
 Value of products 
 
 Value added by manufacture ^ . 
 
 tlO 
 \ 
 
 1, 
 
 21 
 
 6,254 
 
 3 
 
 837 
 5.414 
 23,509 
 
 803,688 
 297,546 
 779, 457 
 518,089 
 8,298 
 124,077 
 368, 703 
 673,206 
 304,503 
 
 11 
 1,319 
 
 4 
 
 185 
 
 1,130 
 
 4,501 
 
 782,957 
 
 604,754 
 
 403, 877 
 
 200,877 
 
 7,500 
 
 237, 236 
 
 140,723 
 
 436,875 
 
 296, 152 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 18 
 
 4,798 
 
 3 
 
 367 
 
 4,428 
 
 18, 782 
 
 S20,292,210 
 
 3,204,608 
 
 600,240 
 
 2,604,368 
 
 79, 801 
 
 11,251,876 
 
 17.602,336 
 
 6.350,460 
 
 13 
 
 1,436 
 
 4 
 
 209 
 
 1,223 
 
 3.490 
 
 ', 748, 968 
 
 945,024 
 
 336,077 
 
 608,947 
 
 35,004 
 6,523,987 
 7,996,025 
 1,472,038 
 
 19 
 
 4,468 
 
 6 
 
 237 
 
 4,225 
 
 14,158 
 
 $14,721,702 
 
 2, 750, 367 
 
 440,963 
 
 2,309,404 
 
 27,645 
 
 53,517 
 
 10,143,316 
 
 15,813.331 
 
 5,668,015 
 
 12 
 
 1,089 
 
 5 
 
 108 
 
 976 
 
 1 967 
 
 $4,9I2J436 
 
 724,261 
 
 208, 120 
 
 516,141 
 
 1904 
 
 16 
 
 3,548 
 
 10 
 
 183 
 
 3,355 
 
 8,703 
 
 $10, 108, 107 
 
 2,020,089 
 
 300, 151 
 
 1,719,938 
 
 1899 
 
 18 
 
 2,844 
 
 21 
 
 105 
 
 2,718 
 
 6,421 
 
 $7,176,198 
 
 1.521,174 
 
 193,939 
 
 1,327.235 
 
 20,932 
 5,404,785 
 7,523.691 
 2,120,906 
 
 ! 23, 708 
 6,779,263 
 10,388,237 
 3,608,974 
 
 11 
 
 364 
 
 2 
 
 34 
 
 528 
 
 1,409 
 
 $3,695,125 
 
 284,898 
 
 61,079 
 
 223,819 
 
 4,023 
 
 : 15,661 
 
 3, 270, 746 
 
 4,404,009 
 
 1,133,263 
 
 2 31,978 
 4,853,260 
 7.807,105 
 2,953.845 
 
 565 
 
 5 
 
 48 
 
 512 
 
 1,140 
 
 $1,702,904 
 
 401,462 
 
 100, .584 
 
 300,878 
 
 2 6,026 
 2,696,412 
 3, 595, 515 
 
 899, 103 
 
 PER CENT or INCREALE.' 
 
 1914- 
 1919 
 
 30.3 
 
 128.1 
 22.3 
 
 23.2 
 143.4 
 158.9 
 196.5 
 1.50.3 
 
 1909- 
 1914 
 
 7.4 
 
 2,561.7 
 169. 9 
 199.2 
 251. 2 
 
 -11.5 
 -7.6 
 29.0 
 39.2 
 69.8 
 20.2 
 97.2 
 
 577.7 
 70.8 
 93. 1 
 
 191.9 
 
 54.8 
 4.8 
 32.7 
 37.8 
 16.5 
 36.1 
 12.8 
 
 49.1 
 10.9 
 11.3 
 12.0 
 
 31.9 
 
 1904- 
 1909 
 
 25.9 
 
 29.5 
 25.9 
 62.7 
 45.6 
 36.2 
 46.9 
 34.3 
 
 58.8 
 49.7 
 52.2 
 57.1 
 
 3.1 
 
 1899- 
 1904 
 
 24. 
 
 74.3 
 23.4 
 3.5.3 
 40.9 
 32.8 
 54.8 
 29.6 
 
 5.4 
 39.7 
 33.1 
 22.2 
 
 -0.2 
 
 93.5 
 25.3 
 77.4 
 57.7 
 30.5 
 61.5 
 18.0 
 
 67.2 
 
 20.7 
 
 6.2 
 
 -30.6 
 
 217.6 
 84.9 
 39.6 
 32.9 
 154.2 
 240.7 
 130.6 
 
 33.7 
 63.2 
 70.9 
 87.2 
 
 -29.2 
 3.1 
 23.6 
 117.0 
 -29.0 
 -39.3 
 -25.6 
 
 159.9 
 21.3 
 22.5 
 26.0 
 
 'A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease; percentages are omitted where base is less than 100. 2 Exclusive of internal revenue. ^Valueof products less cost of materials. 
 Table 2.— PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTRY: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 
 
 
 Cen- 
 
 Total. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Fe- 
 male. 
 
 PER CENT OF 
 TOTAL. 
 
 CLASS. 
 
 Cen- 
 sus 
 year. 
 
 Total. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Fe- 
 male. 
 
 PER CENT OF 
 TOTAL. 
 
 
 year. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Fe-' 
 male. 
 
 Male. 
 
 Fe- 
 male. 
 
 Oilcloth and Linoleum 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 7,573 
 6,234 
 5,557 
 
 6,915 
 5,946 
 5,344 
 
 658 
 288 
 213 
 
 91.3 
 95.4 
 96.2 
 
 8.7 
 4.6 
 3.8 
 
 Clerks and other subordinate salaried 
 employees . 
 
 Wage earners (average number) 
 
 16 years of age and over 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1918 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 640 
 285 
 161 
 
 5,414 
 
 4, 428 
 
 4,225 
 
 5,391 
 
 4,403 
 
 4,193 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 1,319 
 1,436 
 1,089 
 
 415 
 212 
 135 
 
 5,123 
 
 4,348 
 
 4,115 
 
 5,102 
 
 4,323 
 
 4, 083 
 
 21 
 
 25 
 
 32 
 
 1,177 
 1,301 
 1,013 
 
 225 
 73 
 26 
 
 291 
 80 
 
 110 
 
 289 
 80 
 
 110 
 2 
 
 142 
 135 
 
 76 
 
 64.8 
 74.4 
 83.9 
 
 94.6 
 
 98.2 
 97.4 
 64.6 
 98.2 
 97.4 
 91.3 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 89.2 
 90.6 
 93.0 
 
 35.2 
 25.6 
 16.1 
 
 
 261 
 132 
 HI 
 
 7 
 7 
 11 
 66 
 52 
 48 
 188 
 73 
 52 
 
 768 
 451 
 245 
 
 6,544 
 
 5,651 
 
 5,201 
 
 6,508 
 
 5,600 
 
 3,154 
 
 36 
 
 31 
 
 47 
 
 260 
 
 132 
 
 110 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 
 10 
 
 66 
 
 52 
 
 48 
 
 187 
 
 73 
 
 52 
 
 508 
 335 
 191 
 
 6,147 
 
 5,479 
 
 5,043 
 
 6,121 
 
 5,438 
 
 4,996 
 
 26 
 
 41 
 
 47 
 
 i 
 ■■"'i' 
 
 "'i' 
 
 260 
 116 
 54 
 
 397 
 172 
 138 
 387 
 162 
 1,18 
 10 
 10 
 
 99.6 
 100.0 
 
 99.1 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 90.9 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 99.5 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 66.1 
 74.3 
 78.0 
 
 93.9 
 97.0 
 97.0 
 94.1 
 
 97.1 
 96.9 
 72.2 
 80.4 
 100.0 
 
 0.4 
 "0.9 
 
 ■"■9.1 
 
 "o.'s 
 
 33.9 
 
 25.7 
 22.0 
 
 6.1 
 3.0 
 3.0 
 5.9 
 2.9 
 3.1 
 27.8 
 19.6 
 
 5 4 
 
 Proprietors and firm rnembers 
 
 1.8 
 2.6 
 5.4 
 
 Salaried officers of corporations 
 
 
 1.8 
 
 2.6 
 8.7 
 
 yuperintendents and managers 
 
 
 10.8 
 
 
 Proprietors and officials . 
 
 9.4 
 7.0 
 
 employees. 
 
 61 
 
 47 
 
 29 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 10 
 
 42 
 
 33 
 
 14 
 
 128 
 166 
 84 
 
 1,130 
 
 1,223 
 
 976 
 
 1,117 
 
 1,197 
 
 961 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 15 
 
 60 
 47 
 29 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 15 
 10 
 10 
 41 
 33 
 14 
 
 93 
 
 123 
 56 
 
 1,024 
 
 1,131 
 
 928 
 
 1,019 
 
 1,115 
 
 913 
 
 5 
 
 16 
 
 15 
 
 1 
 
 ...... 
 
 35 
 43 
 28 
 
 106 
 92 
 
 48 
 98 
 82 
 48 
 8 
 10 
 
 98.4 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 97.6 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 72.7 
 74.1 
 66.7 
 
 90.6 
 92.5 
 95.1 
 91.2 
 93.1 
 95.0 
 38.5 
 61.5 
 100.0 
 
 1.6 
 
 Wage earners (average number) 
 
 Proprietors and firm members 
 
 Salaried officers ofcorporations 
 
 Superintendents and managers 
 
 Clerks and other subordinate salaried 
 employees. 
 
 Wage earners (average number) 
 
 
 
 
 Under 16 years of age 
 
 2 4 
 
 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, FLOOR. 
 
 6,234 
 4,798 
 4,468 
 
 5,738 
 4,645 
 4,331 
 
 516 
 153 
 137 
 
 91.7 
 ! 96.8 
 ; 96.9 
 
 8.3 
 3.2 
 3.1 
 
 27.3 
 25.9 
 33.3 
 
 Proprietors and officials 
 
 200 
 85 
 82 
 3 
 3 
 6 
 51 
 42 
 38 
 146 
 40 
 38 
 
 200 
 85 
 81 
 3 
 3 
 5 
 51 
 42 
 38 
 146 
 40 
 38 
 
 ...... 
 
 ...... 
 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 98.8 
 1 100.0 
 i 100.0 
 
 83.3 
 
 1 loao 
 100.0 
 10a 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 "i'.i 
 "ii'.i 
 
 9.4 
 7.5 
 4.9 
 
 8.8 
 
 Proprietors and firm members 
 
 Salaried officers of corporations 
 
 
 6.9 
 5.0 
 
 Superintendents and managers 
 
 
 38.5 
 
OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. 
 
 Table 3.— WAGE EARNERS, BY MONTHS, FOR STATES: 1919. 
 (The month or maximum employment for each industry is indicated by bold-faced figures and that of minimum employment Iiy ilaUc figures.] 
 
 INDUSTRY AND ST.\TE. 
 
 Oilcloth and Linoleum. 
 
 United States: 
 
 1919 
 
 Males 
 
 Females 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylva'nia 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, FLn(}R 
 
 United .States: 
 
 1919 
 
 Males 
 
 Females 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 OILCLOTH, ENAMELED. 
 
 United States: 
 
 1919 
 
 Males 
 
 Females 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Aver- 
 age 
 
 num- 
 ber em- 
 ployed 
 during 
 
 year. 
 
 6,5*1 
 6,147 
 397 
 .5,651 
 5,201 
 
 342 
 2, .393 
 2,549 
 
 5,414 
 5,123 
 291 
 4,428 
 4, 225 
 
 2,136 
 2,549 
 
 1,130 
 1,024 
 
 106 
 1,223 
 
 976 
 
 342 
 257 
 
 NUMBER EMPLOYED ON 15TH DAY OF THE MONTH OR NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. 
 
 5,132 
 4,8:58 
 294 
 6,870 
 5,0.^ 
 
 260 
 
 1,7H3 
 2,048 
 
 Febru- 
 
 i,H45 
 i,fi7i 
 S7l 
 6,8.W 
 5,110 
 
 1,774 
 1,S91 
 
 March. 
 
 4,9.i0 
 
 4,S7i 
 
 276 
 
 5,859 
 
 5,100 
 
 263 
 1,904 
 
 i,7«r 
 
 April. 
 
 .';,537 
 5,240 
 297 
 5,774 
 e,057 
 
 6,2:i7 
 5,872 
 365 
 5,727 
 5,133 I 
 
 June. 
 
 6,813 
 6,395 
 418 
 .5,736 
 5,158 
 
 2,S6 I 344 
 1,998 \ 2,205 
 2,183 2,535 
 
 345 
 2, 46S 
 2.705 
 
 July. 
 
 7,022 
 6,558 
 464 
 5,4SS 
 5,169 
 
 Au- 
 
 Sep- 
 
 Octo- 
 
 gust. 
 
 tember. 
 
 ber. 
 
 7,279 
 
 7,438 
 
 7,629 
 
 6,818 
 
 6,963 
 
 7,1.59 
 
 461 
 
 475 
 
 470 
 
 5,449 
 
 5,525 
 
 .5,619 
 
 5,221 
 
 5,282 
 
 5,351 
 
 Novem- 
 ber. 
 
 7,684 
 7,202 
 482 
 5,446 
 5,321 
 
 370 
 2, .585 
 2,728 ' 
 
 392 
 2,642 
 2,837 
 
 381 
 2,7.39 
 2, 918 
 
 4,260 
 4,048 
 212 
 4,572 
 4,101 
 
 l.su 
 
 2,048 
 
 1,298 
 yS2 
 
 260 
 
 4,065 
 
 4,030 
 
 4,518 
 
 3, 876 
 
 U.S.M 
 
 4,321 
 
 im 
 
 192 
 
 197 
 
 4,. 556 
 
 4,564 
 
 4,499 
 
 4,141 
 
 4,113 
 
 4, Oa-i 
 
 5,117 
 4,.S.57 
 260 
 4, .503 
 4,200 
 
 1,S4J, I 
 1,891 
 
 1,303 
 
 969 
 
 230 
 
 1,668 
 
 1,746 
 
 /, r67 
 
 2,183 
 
 920 
 
 1,019 
 
 836 
 
 919 
 
 84 
 
 100 
 
 1,295 
 
 1,275 
 
 987 
 
 965 
 
 263 
 
 286 
 
 236 
 
 252 
 
 1,956 
 2,535 
 
 1,120 
 
 1,015 
 
 10.5 
 
 1,224 
 
 93S 
 
 5,655 
 5,337 
 318 
 4, 528 
 4,209 
 
 5,825 
 5, 481 
 344 
 4,267 
 4,211 
 
 2,218 I 
 2,705 
 
 2,3.38 
 2,728 
 
 1,1.58 I 1,197 
 
 1,058 I 1,077 
 
 100 ' 120 
 
 1,208 I 1,166 
 
 949 9.58 
 
 344 
 249 
 
 345 
 250 
 
 370 
 247 
 
 6,061 
 5,715 
 346 
 4,263 
 4,266 
 
 2,397 
 2,837 
 
 1,218 
 1,103 
 
 115 
 1,186 
 
 955 
 
 392 
 245 
 
 6, 1.S9 
 5, 829 
 360 
 4,:!59 
 4,307 
 
 2,464 
 2,918 
 
 1,249 
 1,134 
 
 115 
 1,166 
 
 975 
 
 381 
 
 275 
 
 411 
 
 2, .809 
 2,950 
 
 401 
 2,851 
 2,996 
 
 Decem- 
 ber. 
 
 7,862 
 7,371 
 491 
 5,525 
 5,436 
 
 399 
 2,978 
 3,030 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 mini- 
 mum 
 
 is cf 
 maxi- 
 mum. 
 
 62.9 
 63.4 
 55.2 
 92.4 
 93.0 
 
 61.3 
 59.2 
 58.3 
 
 6,328 
 5, 979 
 349 
 4,431 
 4,354 
 
 6,381 
 6,022 
 359 
 4.2l>i 
 4,297 
 
 2,539 
 2,950 
 
 1,301 
 1,180 
 
 121 
 1,188 
 
 997 
 
 2,558 
 2,996 
 
 1,303 
 1,180 
 123 
 1,184 
 1,024 
 
 411 
 
 270 
 
 401 
 293 
 
 6,639 
 6,173 
 
 366 1 
 4,332 ^ 
 4,414 j 
 
 2,660 
 3,030 
 
 1,323 
 
 1,198 
 
 126 
 
 1,193 
 1,021 
 
 399 
 318 
 
 61.6 
 62.2 
 51.6 
 93.2 
 92.7 
 
 58.0 
 58.3 
 
 6.5.9 
 65 9 
 65 6 
 88.7 
 91.1 
 
 61.3 
 68.9 
 
 Table 4. 
 
 -AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE E.\RNERS, BY PREVAILING HOURS OF LABOR PER WEEK, 
 
 STATES: 1919 AND 1914. 
 
 FOR 
 
 
 
 
 IN ESTABLISHMENTS WHERE THE PREVAILING HOURS OP LABOR PER WEEK WERE— 
 
 STATF. 
 
 C-us T„,,, 
 
 44 and 
 under. 
 
 Between 
 
 44 and 
 
 48. 
 
 48.1 
 
 Between 
 
 48 and 
 54. 
 
 54. 
 
 Between 
 
 54 and 
 60. 
 
 60. 
 
 I'nitcd States 
 
 1919 6.544 
 
 27 
 
 m 
 
 7 225 
 
 ('-) 6 
 (') 14 
 
 1,877 
 
 524 
 
 16 
 
 1,7.53 
 767 
 370 
 
 2,2.<i6 
 3,012 
 2,074 
 
 369 
 
 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 5,651 
 5,201 
 
 1,342 
 2,727 
 
 
 1919 
 1919 
 1919 
 
 342 
 2,393 
 2,549 
 
 
 
 104 
 121 
 
 154 
 
 1,059 
 
 ,555 
 
 
 84 
 
 677 
 
 1,.525 
 
 
 
 27 
 
 7 
 
 502 
 469 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Includes 4S and under for 1914 and 1909. s Corrr.sponding figurrs not available. 
 
 Table 5.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS, BY AVERAGE NUMBER OF WAGE EARNERS, FOR STATES: 1919. 
 
 
 TOTAL. 
 
 
 
 ESTABLISHMENTS EMPLOYING— 
 
 
 
 
 STATE. 
 
 a 
 
 e 
 iS 
 
 "1 
 
 si 
 
 Is 
 
 I to 5 
 
 wage 
 
 earners, 
 
 inclusive. 
 
 1 
 
 6 to 20 
 
 wage 
 
 earners, 
 
 inclusive. 
 
 21 to 50 
 
 wage 
 earners, 
 inclusive. 
 
 51 to 100 
 
 wage 
 earners, 
 inclusive. 
 
 101 to 250 
 
 wage 
 earners, 
 inclusive. 
 
 251 to 500 
 
 wage 
 earners, 
 inclusive. 
 
 501 to 1,000 
 
 wage 
 
 earners,. 
 
 inclusive. 
 
 Over 1,000 
 
 wage 
 
 earners. 
 
 
 ill 
 
 
 ■S.S 
 
 ■^ CI 
 
 la 
 
 w 
 
 
 ■a . 
 
 -sa 
 
 as 
 
 a- 
 
 x: a 
 
 it 
 
 ua 
 
 
 
 (2 
 
 
 
 •sa 
 
 
 if 
 
 
 United States: 
 
 32 
 31 
 
 6,544 
 5,651 
 
 
 
 4 
 6 
 
 53 
 69 
 
 5 
 
 5 
 
 162 
 141 
 
 5 
 7 
 
 422 
 
 .59J1 
 
 10 
 4 
 
 1,354 
 
 561 
 
 4 
 4 
 
 1,.580 
 1,501 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1,969 
 2.855 
 
 1 
 
 1,004 
 
 1914 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4 
 14 
 5 
 
 342 
 2,393 
 2,549 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 3 
 
 22 
 105 
 
 1 j 84 
 1 1 74 
 
 2 
 7 
 
 2.36 
 970 
 
 
 ...1 1 
 
 1 
 
 N i!.v Jersey. 
 
 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 7 
 20 
 
 1 
 1 
 
 324 
 469 
 
 1 1 913 
 
 2 1 1.056 
 
 
 
 
 i 1 1,004 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 100383—22- 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 Table 6.— SIZE OF ESTABLISHMENTS BY VALUE OF PRODUCTS; 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 
 
 
 NUMBER OF 
 ESUDLISilMENTS. 
 
 AVERAGE NUMBER OF 
 WAGE EARNERS. 
 
 VALUE OF PRODUCTS. 
 
 VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE. 
 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 
 1911 
 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 All classes 
 
 32 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 6,544 
 
 5,651 
 
 5,201 
 
 $68,110,081 
 
 «25,.598,361 
 
 823,339,022 
 
 S26.600,655 
 
 $7,822,498 
 
 $7,788,921 
 
 
 
 7 
 8 
 7 
 9 
 
 4 
 
 } ^^ 
 
 8 
 
 
 92 
 
 1 983 
 
 4,576 
 
 49 
 1,368 
 3,784 
 
 
 274,700 
 2,111,651 
 4,818,.S70 
 18, 393. 140 
 
 255,940 
 
 j- 7,41,5,329 
 
 15,667,753 
 
 
 83,446 (11 
 
 
 8 
 4 
 20 
 
 / 178 
 
 \ 3,';9 
 
 5,977 
 
 f 2, .576, 094 
 
 \ 2,778,863 
 
 62, 755, 124 
 
 / 765, 590 
 
 1 887, 797 
 
 24,947,268 
 
 } 1,924,286 
 5,814,766 
 
 0) 
 
 S5iX),o00 to Sl.ono.nou 
 
 
 
 
 
 PER CENT DI.STRIBUTIOX. 
 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100. 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 22.6 
 25.8 
 22.6 
 29.0 
 
 12.9 
 } 61.3 
 
 25.8 
 
 
 1.6 
 
 } -- 
 81.0 
 
 0.9 
 26.3 
 72.8 
 
 
 1.1 
 8.2 
 
 1.1 
 
 1 31.8 
 
 67.1 
 
 
 1.1 
 
 1 24.6 
 
 74.3 
 
 
 ?i(iu,oo(Un $.™i.(«in 
 
 25.0 
 12.5 
 62.5 
 
 1 2.7 
 
 \ 6.0 
 
 91.3 
 
 / 3..S 
 
 / 2.9 
 
 \ 3.3 
 
 93. S 
 
 
 J500,CX)0 to Sl.OOII.IlllO 
 
 \ 4.1 - 18.8 
 92.1 ; 71.9 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Figures not available. 
 Table 7.— CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP: 1919. 
 
 
 Cen- 
 sus 
 year. 
 
 Num- 
 ber 
 
 "WAGE 
 EARNERS. 
 
 VALUE OF 
 PRODUCTS. 
 
 CHARACTER OF OWNERSHIP. 
 
 Cen- 
 sus 
 year. 
 
 Num- 
 ber 
 of 
 estab- 
 lish- 
 ments 
 
 WAGE 
 EARNERS. 
 
 VALUE OF 
 PRODUCTS. 
 
 CHARACTER OF OWXEBSHIP. 
 
 of 
 estab- 
 lish- 
 ments 
 
 Aver- 
 age 
 
 num- 
 ber. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 
 of 
 
 total. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 
 of 
 
 total. 
 
 Aver- 
 age 
 
 num- 
 ber. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 
 of 
 
 total. 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per 
 
 cent 
 
 of 
 
 total. 
 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 32 
 31 
 31 
 
 6,544 
 
 lon.o 
 
 $68,110,081 
 25,598,361 
 23, 33a. 022 
 
 100. 
 100.0 
 100.0 
 
 Corporations 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 28 
 27 
 26 
 
 6,340 
 5,491 
 4,955 
 
 96.9 
 97.2 
 9S.3 
 
 56.5,017,438 
 24,487,014 
 22,432,978 
 
 93. 5 
 
 
 5,651 100.0 
 5,201 1 100.0 
 
 
 9,). 7 
 96.1 
 
 
 4 
 4 
 5 
 
 1 204 3. 1 
 
 13,092,643 
 
 1 1,111.347 
 
 1 906,044 
 
 4.5 
 4.3 
 3.9 
 
 
 
 I 160 
 1246 
 
 2. s 
 4.7 
 
 
 1 Includes two establishment in 1919 and 1914, and three in 1909 under "all others" to avoid disclosure of individual operations. 
 
OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. 
 
 Table 8.— NUMBER AND HORSEPOWER OF TYPEB OF PRIME MOVERS: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 
 
 
 NUMBER OF ENGINES OR MOTOR.S. 
 
 HORSEPOWER. 
 
 POWER. 
 
 1919 
 
 J914 
 
 1909 
 
 Amount. 
 
 Per cent distribution. 
 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 Oilcloth and Linoleum. 
 
 1,332 
 
 599 
 
 223 
 
 28,010 
 
 22,272 
 
 16, 126 
 
 100,0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 
 Owned 
 
 121 
 
 120 
 
 115 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 1,211 
 1,211 
 
 151 
 148 
 
 m 
 (-) 
 
 3 
 
 448 
 448 
 
 175 
 174 
 
 (') 
 
 (=) 
 
 1 
 
 48 
 48 
 
 1.5,273 
 1.5, 271 
 13,.i30 
 1,741 
 
 12,7.37 
 
 12,487 
 
 250 
 
 15.966 
 15,486 
 
 ('> 
 
 (') 
 
 480 
 
 6,306 
 6,306 
 
 16,048 
 1.5,046 
 
 ''' 2 
 
 1,077 
 
 1,002 
 
 75 
 
 54.6 
 54.5 
 4.8.3 
 6.2 
 
 4.5.5 
 44.6 
 0.9 
 
 71.7 
 69.5 
 
 93.3 
 
 Steam ' 
 
 93.3 
 
 
 
 Turbines 
 
 
 
 Internal-combustion engines . . 
 
 2.2 
 
 28.3 
 28.3 
 
 (=) 
 
 Rented 
 
 6.7' 
 
 Electric 
 
 6.2 
 
 Other 
 
 0.5 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,168 
 
 1,211 
 
 957 
 
 1,022 
 448 
 574 
 
 336 
 48 
 288 
 
 21,220 
 12. 487 
 8,733 
 
 14, %5 
 6,306 
 8,659 
 
 4.540 
 1,1102 
 3,538 
 
 100.0 
 
 58.8 
 41.2 
 
 100.0 
 42.1 
 67.9 
 
 100.0 
 
 Rented 
 
 22.1 
 
 Generated by establishments reporting. . . 
 
 77.9 
 
 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, FLOOR. 
 
 Primary power, total 
 
 8,86 
 
 43S 
 
 175 
 
 23, .509 
 
 18, 782 
 
 14, 158 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 113 
 112 
 
 108 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 773 
 773 
 
 124 
 124 
 
 142 
 141 
 
 m 
 1 
 
 33 
 33 
 
 14,323 
 
 14.321 
 
 12,6.55 
 
 1,666 
 
 2 
 
 9, 1S6 
 9, 1S6 
 
 13, ,521 
 13,. 521 
 
 (=) 
 
 13,3,33 
 13.331 
 
 825 
 825 
 
 60.9 
 60.9 
 53.8 
 
 72.0 
 72.0 
 
 94.2 
 
 Steam ' . . . 
 
 94.2 
 
 
 
 Tnrbines 
 
 7.1 
 
 C) 
 
 39.1 
 39.1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 (') 
 
 Rented 
 
 314 
 314 
 
 5,261 
 5,261 
 
 28.0 
 28.0 
 
 5.8 
 
 
 5.8 
 
 
 
 
 1,670 
 773 
 897 
 
 446 
 
 707 
 314 
 393 
 
 161 
 
 211 
 33 
 
 178 
 
 48 
 
 17,719 
 9,186 
 8,533 
 
 4, .501 
 
 12,272 
 5, 261 
 7,011 
 
 3,490 
 
 3,. 541 
 
 825 
 
 2,716 
 
 1,967 
 
 100.0 
 51.8 
 48.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 42.9 
 57.1 
 
 100.0 
 
 100.0 
 
 Rented 
 
 23.3 
 
 
 76.7 
 
 OltrLOTII. ENAMELED. 
 
 Primary power, total 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 8 
 7 
 1 
 
 27 
 24 
 
 m 
 m 
 
 3 
 
 134 
 134 
 
 33 
 33 
 
 m 
 
 950 
 950 
 
 875 
 75 
 
 2,445 
 1,%5 
 
 tn 
 
 4.80 
 
 1.045 
 1,046 
 
 1,715 
 1,715 
 
 (») 
 ("■■) 
 
 21.1 
 
 21.1 
 
 19.4 
 
 1.7 
 
 70.1 
 56.3 
 
 87.2 
 
 Steam I 
 
 87.2 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.3.8 
 
 29.9 
 29.9 
 
 
 
 438 
 438 
 
 15 
 15 
 
 3,. 551 
 
 3.301 
 
 250 
 
 252 
 177 
 75 
 
 78. 9 
 73.3 
 6.6 
 
 12.8 
 
 Elect rie 
 
 9.0 
 
 
 3.8- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 498 
 438 
 60 
 
 315 
 134 
 181 
 
 125 
 
 15 
 
 110 
 
 3.501 
 
 3.301 
 
 200 
 
 2.693 
 1,045 
 1,648 
 
 999 
 177 
 822 
 
 lon.o 
 
 94.3 
 5.7 
 
 100.0 
 38.8 
 61.2 
 
 100.0 
 
 
 17.7 
 
 
 82.3 
 
 ' Fituire.s for horsepower include for 1909 the amounts reported under the head of "other" owned power. 
 
 2 Not reported separately. 
 
 3 Less than one-tenth of 1 i>er cent. 
 
 Table 9,— FUEL CONST'^r^^P, BY STATES: 1919, 
 
 
 
 COAL. 
 
 Coke (tons, 
 2,000 poimds). 
 
 Fuel oils 
 
 (barrels). 
 
 Gasoline and 
 
 other volatile 
 
 oils 
 
 (barrel.s). 
 
 
 STATE. 
 
 Anthracite 
 
 (tons, 2,240 
 
 pounds). 
 
 Bituminous 
 
 (tons, 2,000 
 
 pounds). 
 
 Gasd.OOO 
 cubic feet). 
 
 
 1019 
 
 39,483 
 43,673 
 
 198, 187 
 176,825 
 
 2,773 
 
 1 625 
 
 16,115 
 828 
 
 140 
 
 
 
 1914 
 
 1,215 
 
 
 
 6,720 
 77.543 
 86,306 
 27,618 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 20,663 
 
 1,263 
 
 1 1,4,58 
 
 52 
 
 
 
 
 
 7,440 
 8,675 
 
 140 
 
 
 
 18, 820 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 Included with fuel oils in 1914. 
 
MANUFACTURES. 
 
 SPECIAL STATISTICS. 
 
 The various kinds of products manufactured within 
 the oilcloth and linoleum industry are accounted for 
 in Table 10. Comparative quantities and values are 
 given as far as possible for each product in 1909, 1914, 
 and 1919, also the corresponding per cent of increase 
 or decrease during the five-year period 1914-1919, 
 and the 10-year period 1909-1919. 
 
 In 1919 there were 14 establishments in New Jersey, 
 5 in Pennsvlvania, 4 in Massachusetts, 3 in Ohio, 2 in 
 
 Maine, 2 in New York, 1 in Illinois, and 1 in Indiana. 
 The artificial leather shown in Table 10 was a sub- 
 sichary product of establishments engaged primarily 
 in the manufacture of oilcloth and linoleum. In 
 addition, 17 establishments in 1919 included in the 
 classification "Upholstering materials, not elsewhere 
 specified" reported the production of artificial leather 
 valued at $26,281,966, compared with $6,097,293 
 reported by 10 establishments in 1914. 
 
 T.\BLE 10.— DETAILED STATISTICS ON QUANTITY AND VALUE: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 
 
 
 1919 
 
 1914 
 
 1909 
 
 PFR CENT OF 
 raCREASE.l 
 
 PRODUCT. 
 
 1919 
 
 1911 
 
 1909 
 
 PER CENT OF 
 INCREASE.' 
 
 
 1914 
 1919 
 
 1909- 
 1919 
 
 1914- 
 1919 
 
 1909- 
 1919 
 
 Total value 
 
 $68,110,081 
 
 S25. .=;9S_ .361 
 
 $23.3.39.022 
 
 166.1 
 
 191.8 
 
 Floor covering (made on felt 
 back): 
 
 Square yards 
 
 30, 369, .522 
 $13,909,276 
 
 3,332,085 
 $3,922,-5.58 
 
 10,300,416 
 $4, S21, 190 
 
 $2,048,914 
 
 m 
 
 $2,308,485 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
 (=) 
 P) 
 
 $4,589,742 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Oilcloth (made on cotton 
 back): 
 Enameled— 
 
 Square yards 
 
 8,460,738 
 $3,421,188 
 
 39,132,641 
 S12 .i29 flln 
 
 18,357,097 
 $2,495,255 
 
 .59,358,872 
 $3,025,348 
 
 .^3 3nfi 669 
 
 17,338,440 
 $2,265,146 
 
 61,168,777 
 $5,639,206 
 
 26,215,979 
 $7, 850, 437 
 
 4,460,275 
 $2,994,491 
 
 -53.9 
 j 37.1 
 
 -34.1 
 108.0 
 
 1 -33.7 
 70.5 
 
 16.0 
 118. 7 
 
 -51.2 
 51.0 
 
 -38.0 
 122.2 
 
 -15.7 
 118.1 
 
 120.5 
 245.2 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 Artiflcialleather: 
 
 Pyroxylin coated tex- 
 tiles- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Value 
 
 
 
 Square yards 
 
 Value 
 
 .\U other— 
 
 .Square yards.. . 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 back): 
 Linoleum, including cork 
 carpet- 
 Square yards . 
 
 22 098, 136 
 
 All other products, value 
 
 -11.2 
 
 -55.4 
 
 Value . . 
 
 $17,120,654 $10^043; 436 
 
 9,834,332 8,479,202 
 $10 336 391 1 $4 725 837 
 
 
 Inlaid linoleum- 
 Square yards 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 A minus sign (— ) denotes decrease. 
 
 ' Not reported separately. 
 
 GENERAL TABLES. 
 
 Table 11 gives, for 1919, 1914, and 1909, by states, 
 the number of establishments, average number of 
 wage earners, primary horsepower, wages, cost of 
 materials, and value of products for the industry. 
 
 Table 12 presents, for 1919, statistics in detail for 
 the industry as a whole, and for each state that can 
 be shown separately without the possibility of dis- 
 closing the operations of individual establishments. 
 
 T.usLE 11.— COMPARATIVE SUMMARY, BY STATES: 1919, 1914, AND 1909. 
 
 Cen- 
 
 United States 
 
 Massachusetts! 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 19,9 
 
 1919 
 1909 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 1909 
 
 Num- 
 ber of 
 
 eit.ih- 
 lish- 
 
 ment 
 
 Wage 
 eimer.s 
 (aver- 
 age 
 num- 
 ber). 
 
 6,544 
 5, 651 
 5.201 
 
 342 
 220 
 
 2,393 
 2, 190 
 2,123 
 
 Primary 
 horse- 
 power. 
 
 Wages 
 
 Cost of 
 male- 
 rials. 
 
 Value of 
 prod- 
 ucts. 
 
 Exprei el in thon.^ands. 
 
 28,010 $7,719 
 22,272 3,213 
 16,125 ' 2,826 
 
 1,361 
 375 
 
 325 
 118 
 
 9.704 2,943 
 S.223 1,287 
 7,819 . 1,1,S7 
 
 $41,509 
 17,776 
 15, 550 
 
 4,341 
 1,211 
 
 15, 295 
 7,660 
 6,638 
 
 $68,110 
 25, 598 
 23,339 
 
 5,747 
 1,704 
 
 25, 535 
 11,384 
 10, 143 
 
 Cen- 
 sus 
 year. 
 
 Num-' "'='Se 
 berof eamens 
 
 ""■^'■^ ber). 
 
 Pennsylvania 2. 
 -\11 other states. 
 
 1919 
 1914 
 
 1919 9 
 1914 IB 
 1909 18 
 
 2.549 
 1,803 
 
 1,260 
 1,658 
 2,858 
 
 Primary 
 horse- 
 power. 
 
 11,871 
 9,554 
 
 5,074 
 4,495 
 7,931 
 
 Wage^ 
 
 Cost of 
 mate- 
 rials. 
 
 Value of 
 prod- 
 ucts. 
 
 Expressed in thousands. 
 
 3,065 
 1,072 
 
 1,386 
 
 854 
 
 1,521 
 
 11,873 
 4,647 
 
 10,000 
 5,469 
 7,701 
 
 28,806 
 7,165 
 
 8,022 
 7,049 
 11,492 
 
 ' Not separately reported in 1914. 
 
 '^ Not separately reported in 1909. 
 
OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. 
 
 Table 12.— DETAILED STATEMENT, BY STATES: 1919. 
 
 INDUSTRY AND STATE. 
 
 Num- 
 ber of 
 estab- 
 lish- 
 ments 
 
 OILCLOTH ANIi LINOLEUM. 
 
 United State'^ 
 
 Massai^husetts. .. 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvania. .. 
 .\11 other states.. 
 
 OILCLttTH AND LINf)LEUM. 
 FLOOR. 
 
 United states 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 XU other states -. . 
 
 OILCLOTH, ENVMELED. 
 
 Uniled States 
 
 PERSONS ENGAGED IN THE INDUSTKY. 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 New Jersey 
 
 .\11 other states K . 
 
 Hi 
 
 Total. 
 
 7, .573 
 
 .375 
 2,73a 
 3, 010 
 1,443 
 
 2,419 
 
 3, oie 
 
 819 
 
 375 
 320 
 (-.24 
 
 Pro- 
 prie- 
 tors 
 and 
 firm 
 mem- 
 bers 
 
 Sala- 
 ried 
 offi- 
 cers, 
 super- 
 in- 
 tend- 
 ents, 
 and 
 man- 
 agers. 
 
 20 
 95 
 102 
 37 
 
 197 
 
 71 
 102 
 24 
 
 Clerks, etc. 
 
 Male. 
 
 508 
 
 7 
 IBS 
 220 
 113 
 
 Fe- 
 male 
 
 2G0 
 
 B 
 78 
 145 
 31 
 
 Wage earners. 
 
 Aver- 
 age 
 
 nmn- 
 ber. 
 
 Number, 15th day of- 
 
 WAGE EARNERS DEC. 15, OR 
 NEAREST REPRESENTATIVE DAY. 
 
 Maximum 
 month 
 
 0,644 l| De 7,8fi2 
 
 342 
 2, 393 
 2,549 
 1,200 
 
 Oc • 4U 
 
 De 2,978 
 
 ' De 3,030 
 
 415 
 
 143 
 
 220 
 52 
 
 08 
 
 145 
 
 12 
 
 5,414 
 
 2,136 
 
 2,549 
 
 729 
 
 De 2.BfiO 
 De 3,0.30 
 
 ,130 Ij De 1,323 
 
 342 
 
 257 
 531 
 
 Oc 
 De 
 
 411 
 318 
 
 Minimum 
 month. 
 
 Fe 4,674 
 
 Fe 252 
 Se l,7(i3 
 Mh 1,707 
 
 Mh 4, 030 
 
 Ja' 1,544 
 Mh 1,767 
 
 Total. 
 
 J a 872 
 
 Fe 
 Ja 
 
 252 
 219 
 
 7,789 
 
 399 
 2,978 
 2,954 
 1,458 
 
 Fe- 
 male 
 
 7,308 
 
 6,463 
 
 2,6B0 
 
 2,954 
 
 849 
 
 399 
 318 
 009 
 
 331 
 2,880 
 2,790 
 1,301 
 
 6,113 
 
 2,573 
 
 2,790 
 
 750 
 
 331 
 313 
 
 5.51 
 
 Under 16. 
 
 Fe- 
 male 
 
 29 12 
 
 4 , 
 
 23 
 2 
 
 60 
 100 
 
 Capital. 
 
 800,586,645 
 
 2,091,690 
 24,119,752 
 21.255,523 
 12,519,680 
 
 49, 803, 688 
 
 21,287.275 
 21,255,52:! 
 7, 21 ;0, 890 
 
 10,782,957 
 
 11,1.52,348 
 
 2,091,090 
 2, 832. 477 
 5,258,790 
 
 E.KPENSES. 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 Officials 
 
 $1,030,986 
 
 84, 258 
 402, 180 
 423.850 
 182, oi;o 
 
 400,951 
 423, 850 
 98, 070 
 
 229, 477 
 
 84, 258 
 01,229 
 83, 990 
 
 Clerks 
 etc. 
 
 30, 4S4 
 313,316 
 467.375 
 219, SU 
 
 285. 178 
 407,:i75 
 104,0:i3 
 
 30, 484 
 28, 13S 
 115.778 
 
 INDUSTRY AND STATE. 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM. 
 
 United Slates 
 
 Massachusetts — 
 
 New .lersey 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 ,\ll other states... 
 
 OILCLOTH AND LINOLEUM, 
 FLOOR. 
 
 United States 
 
 ,\ew .lersey 
 
 Pennsylvania 
 
 All other .stucs^ 
 
 OILCLOTH, EN\MELE1>, 
 
 United States 
 
 Massachusetts 
 
 Sew Jersey 
 
 All Dther states ' 
 
 EXPENSES— continued. 
 
 $7,718,960 
 
 $15, 798 
 
 324, 758 
 2, 942, 921 
 3,0i;4,992 
 l,.i8M,295 
 
 6,51S.0S9 
 
 2,655,789 
 
 3.'K;4,992 
 
 707.. 308 
 
 324, 758 
 287, 132 
 588, 987 
 
 Rent and taxes. 
 
 For 
 con- 
 tract 
 work. 
 
 $8, 321 
 
 7, 500 
 
 8,298 
 
 8, 298 
 
 7,500 
 
 Rent 
 of fac- 
 tory. 
 
 $2, 352, 992 
 
 321 
 
 8, <M) 
 
 8,(HJ0 
 
 Taxes 
 
 Federal, 
 .state, 
 
 county, 
 and 
 local. 
 
 41,121 
 
 1.350,049 
 
 799. 059 
 
 102, 103 
 
 2, 123, 7.56 
 
 1,224,144 
 
 799, 059 
 
 99. 953 
 
 41,121 
 125,905 
 02, 210 
 
 For materials. 
 
 Principal 
 materials. 
 
 $39, 892, 145 
 
 4, 278, 999 
 14,712,001 
 11, .352, 980 
 
 9, 548, 105 
 
 Fuel and 
 rent of 
 power. 
 
 $1,017,281 
 
 62, 495 
 582,881 
 520, 194 
 451,711 
 
 29,020,819 i 1,347,884 
 
 12, 244, 798 
 11,3.52,980 
 5, 423, 041 
 
 4,278,999 
 2,407,203 I 
 4, 125, 124 
 
 02, 495 
 43. IW8 
 103,214 
 
 Value of 
 products. 
 
 $08,110,081 
 
 5, 740, 839 
 25, 534, 739 
 28,805,011 
 
 8, 022, 892 
 
 Value 
 added by 
 manufac- 
 ture. 
 
 821;, 'Ml, 055 
 
 1,405,345 
 10,239,802 
 10, 932, 437 
 
 4,023,011 
 
 52,673,206 
 
 21 . 088. 734 
 
 28,. SOS, 611 
 
 2, 178, 801 
 
 5, 740, 839 
 3,840,005 
 5,844,031 
 
 22, 304,. 503 
 
 8, 904, 743 
 10,9:i2,437 
 2, 4i'7,32:i 
 
 4,296,152 
 
 l.t05,3-'5 
 1,335,119 
 1, ,555, OSS 
 
 Primary horsepower. 
 
 Total. 
 
 28,010 
 
 1,361 
 9,704 
 11,871 
 5, 074 
 
 23,509 
 
 8,844 
 11,871 
 2, 791 
 
 4, .501 
 
 1,301 
 
 8I')0 
 2, 280 
 
 Steam 
 en- 
 gines 
 (not 
 tur- 
 bines). 
 
 13,530 
 
 540 
 5,040 
 5,1. SO 
 2, 170 
 
 5, 4.S0 
 6, 1,S0 
 1,995 
 
 540 
 
 100 
 
 175 
 
 Steam 
 tur- 
 bines. 
 
 1.375 
 .366 
 
 Inter- 
 nal- 
 com- 
 bus- 
 tion 
 en- 
 gines. 
 
 Rent- 
 ed.* 
 
 12.737 
 
 . 821 
 2, 089 
 0,323 
 2, 904 
 
 Kler- 
 tric 
 horse- 
 power 
 gener- 
 ated in 
 estab- 
 lish- 
 ments 
 report- 
 ing. 
 
 8, 733 
 
 1,300 
 366 
 
 2, 00.4 
 
 0, 32:j 
 
 799 
 
 3,551 
 
 821 
 
 025 
 
 2, 105 
 
 3,308 
 
 4,82(1 
 
 605 
 
 8 533 
 
 3, KiS 
 
 4,820 
 
 005 
 
 2IKI 
 200 
 
 ' Same niunber reporteii for one or more other months. 
 
 ^ A]l other states embrace: niinois, 1 establishment; Indiana, 1: Maine 1; New York, 1; -and Ohio, 2. 
 
 5 All other states eml>racc: Maine, 1 establishment. New York, 1. and Ohio, 1. 
 
 » i^hietly ele<-tric moiors operated nv rented (or purchased) current: other power included (chiefly shaft-belt or transmitted power from neighboring power plants). 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
 liiiiiiiittiiii 
 
 018 534 990 1 
 
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r 
 
LIBRPRY OF CONGRESS 
 
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 pH 8.5 
 
 Mill Run F03-2474