E 165 •J LIBRARY OF CONGRESS OQQDlD^QflB ,6* «»"•«_ V %<* 4>' pv\«> 5°^ V > » ^ STATISTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW or THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA, SEVERAL STATES AND TERRITORIES. CAREFULLY COMPILED FROM THE LATEST AUTHORITIES, FOR TH' PROPRIETOR, BY M?F*'? ART LETT, AUTHOR OF THE "NATIONAL SCHOOL MANUAL." NEW YORK PRINTED BY SLEIGHT & VAN NORDEN. M DCCC XXXIII. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1833, by COMFORT BUTLER, in the Clerk's office of the District Court of the Northern District of New York. /?f* *** The statistics of this little pamphlet have been taken principally from documents furnished by the departments of state for the United States, and the chronological facts, from the author's system of English Education, styled the " National School Manual," just published by Messrs. Carey & Lea, Philadelphia. £ STATISTICAL AND CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW UNITED STATES OF NORTH AMERICA. This broad belt of the earth, stretching from the Atlantic to the Pacific and embracing the salubrious regions of the temperate zone of the north, presents, as the milky-way of the heavens, one of the most picturesque, interesting, and fertile sections of the habitable globe. It was first discovered to the inhabitants of the old world, by J. Cabot & Son, A. D. 1497 The first settlement was made by the English at Jamestown, Va. 1607 Its mean length in English miles is about 2,550 And its mean breadth, including Florida, 850 It is computed to contain in square miles 2, 1 10,000 Consequently it furnishes in acres the sum of 1,350,400,000 The whole country is divided into 24 States, 6 Ter- ritories, and 1 District, total 31 These are subdivided into counties, of which there are 1,113 These are now (1833) inhabited by people bond and free, amounting to more than 13,000,000 The census of 1830, exhibits the following results : — Free white males, 5,355,121 Do. white females, 5,171,129 Free black males, 153,444 Do. black females, 166,139 Black male slaves, 1,012,822 Do. female slaves, 996,222 Total 10,526,250 Total 319,583 Total 2,009,044 12,854,877 Aliens not classed as to males and females 335 . Total 12,855,212 4 A Statistical and Chronological View EXECUTIVE BRANCH. The United States are under a General Govern- ment called a Democratic Republic, at the head of which is an executive officer, styled the President ; the present incumbent, Andrew Jackson, Tennes- see, salary $25,000 Second officer, Vice-President present incumbent, Martin Van Buren, New- York, salary 5,000 Camber of Presidents, period of appointment. Born. Served. Died. Geo. Washington, Va. 1789, Feb. 22d. 1732, 8 yrs. Dec. 14, 1799. John Adams, Mass. 1797, Oct. 19, 1735, 4 " July 4, 1826. Thos. Jefferson, Va. 1801, April 2, 1743, 8 " July 4, 1826. James Madison, Va. 1809, March 5, 1751, 8 " James Monroe, Va. 1817, April 2, 1750, 8 " July 4, 1831. John CI. Adams, Mass. 1825, July 11, 1767, 4 " [years more. And'w Jackson, S. C. 1829, Mar. 15, 1767, 4 " just elected for 4 HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS, OR PRESIDENT'S CABINET. Edward Livingston, Lou. Secretary of State, salary $6,000 Louis M'Lane, Del. Secretary of the Treasury, " 6,000 Lewis Cass, Ohio, Secretary of War, " 6,000 Levi Woodbury, N. H. Secretary of the Navy, " 6,000 Wm. T. Barry,' Ky. Post Master General, " 6,000 Roger B. Taney, Md. Attorney General, " 3,500 No. of clerks in these departments 56, united salaries 106,900 Seat of General Government, Washington, D. C. founded 1790, occupied 1800' Capitol 350 feet loner, 121 wide, 120 high to the top dome, cost §2,596,500 President's House is 170 feet long, and 85 wide, its cost, since burned by the English, 1814, is 347,517 LEGISLATIVE BRANCH. Legislative Branch, styled the Congress, consists of a Senate and House of Representatives. The Senate is composed of two members from each state, elected for 6 years, whole number 48. This body employs a Secretary, whose salary is $3,000 A Sergeant-at-Arms and Door-Keeper, " 1,500 An Assistant Door-Keeper, " 1,450 A Chaplain, tl 500- The members of the H. of R. from the states are 213, delegates from territories 3, making 216, elected for two years, and with the Senators, make a total in Congress of 264, pay $8 per day for the session and $8 for every twenty miles travel. of the United States. 5 This body has also a Clerk, whose salary is $3,000 A Sergeant-at-Arms, " 1,500 A Door-Keeper, " 1,500 An Assistant Door-Keeper, " 1,500 And a Chaplain, " 500 Congress has a library for the use of the members, under the care of a Librarian, whose salary is 1,500 And an Assistant Librarian, with a salary of 800 JUDICIARY BRANCH. Judiciary Branch of the General Government is committed to a Supreme Court, which has an annual term at the city of Washing- ton, commencing on the second Monday of January, and 44 Dis- trict Courts established in the several States and Territories. In the Supreme Court, John Marshall, Richmond Va. is Chief Justice, appointed Jan. 1, 1801, salary $5,000 William Johnson, Charleston, S. C. Assistant Justice, appointed March 26, 1804, salary 4,500 Gabriel Duval, Marrietta, Ind. Assistant Justice, appoint- ed Nov. 18, 1811, salary 4,500 Joseph Story, Camb. Mass. Assistant Justice, appointed Nov. 18, 1811, salary 4,500 Smith Thompson, New- York, Assistant Justice, appoint- ed Dec. 9, 1823, salary 4,500 John M'Lean, Cincinnati, Ohio, Assistant Justice, ap- pointed March 7, 1829, salary 4,500 Henry Baldwin, Pittsburg, Penn. Assistant Justice, ap- | pointed Jan. 6, 1830, salary 4,500 This court has a reporter who draws a salary of 1,000 The united salaries of the Judges of the District Courts, amount to 73,900 ARMY DEPARTMENT. The President is Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States ; Under him, Maj. Gen. Alex. Macomb, gen. in chief, salary $6,535 Brig. Gen. Edmond P. Gains, Western Department, " 4,442 Brig. Gen. Winfield Scott, Eastern Department, " 4,442 Lieut. Col. Roofer Jones, Adjutant General, " 3,234 Col. John E. Wool, Inspector General, " 2.796 Col. Geo. Croghan, do. do. ' " 2,796 "Bri^. Gen. Thomas S. Jessup, Quarter Master Gen. " 3,138 Maj. William Linnard, do. do. " 3,138 Maj. Henry Stanton, do. do. " 3,138 Maj. Geo. Bender, do. do. " 3,138 Maj. Trueman Cross, do. do. " 3,138 1* 6 A Statistical and Chronological View Col. Geo. Gibson, Commissary Gen. of Subsistence, salary, 3,138 Col. Callender Irvine, do do. of Purchass, " 3'138 Col. Nathan Towson, Paymaster General, " 3,138 Joseph Lovell, Surgeon General, << 3,138 8 Surgeons each, . #1,510 . . 12,080 45 Assistant Surgeons each, 1,229 . . 54,305 12 Colonels each drawing, 2,958 . K. 35,496 12 Lieutenant Colonels each, 2,640 . . 31,680 20 Majors each, . 2,194 . . 42,880 120 Captains each, . 1,595 . . 191,400 148 1st. Lieutenants each, 1,351 . . 199,948 148 2nd. do. do. L291 . . 191.068 The whole No. of officers of all grades is, 1736 The whole number of privates, 4452 Total 6,188 ^ This army is composed of Infantry and Artillery. The Or- dinance department is under the care of Col. George Bomford. And the Military Academy under the superintendence of Lieut. Col. Syl- vanus Thayer. NAVY DEPARTMENT. Aside from the Secretary of this department, Hon. Levi Woodbury, and his chief clerk, Mr. John Boyle, whose salary is, ..... $2,000 There is a Board of Commissioners of whom John Rogers is President. Salary. . . . 3,500 Charles Stewart, . . . .3,500 Daniel T. Patterson, . . . 3,500 C. W. Goldsborough, Secretary of the Board, 2,000 ' W.Y. Ridgley, Chief Clerk, . . . 1,600 Attached to the Navy and the Navy Yards are 40 Captains. Those who command at the Navy yards have a salary each of, 4,067 Those who command whole Squadrons have each, 3,020 Captains of Line-of-battle Ships have each, . 2,330 Do. who command Frigates, . . 2,170 Do. Sloops of war, . . . 1,448 There are also 37 Masters Commandants — Those of them which command Sloops of war over 20 guns. Salary, ..... 1,628 Do. of 20 guns and under, . . 1,356 Lieutenants of which there are 260, draw if ; n command, 1,296_ if not in command, 965 Surgeons of which there are 44. Salary, . . 2,420 Do. Assistants, whole No. 37, under 5 years at sea, 1,085 Pursers on board ship, whole No. 42. Salary, 662 Chaplains on board of ship, whole No. 19, . 662 of the United States. 7 1,142 483 320 663 423 Chaplains when attached to land station, Passed Midshipmen, whole No. 73, salary each, Midshipmen, whole No. 376, do. Sailing Masters and Boatswains each, Gunners, .... There is also attached to the Navy a Marine Corps, of' which Lieut. Col. Archibald Henderson is Commandant. Salary, . . . . . 1,296 Under him are 8 Captains drawing each, . . 963 2 Paymasters, do. . . 662 24 1st. Lieutenants, do. . . 963 16 2nd. do. do. . . . 663 The General Government of the United States has established 7 Navy Yards. 1. Portsmouth, N. H., under the care of John D. Henley 2. Boston, Mass., 3. Brooklyn, N. York, 4. Philadelphia, Penn., 5. Washington, D. C, 6. Norfolk, Va., 7. Pensacola, Florida, Note. At all these places, the Government have collected great quantities of live oak and other materials for the future use and increase of the navy, in which the nation appears to take great pride. UNITED STATES NAVY. Ships of the Line. Of these there are 7 — Independence, 74 guns, built at Boston, Mass. do. do. Charles Morris. do. do. Isaac Chauncey. do. do. James Barron. do. do. Isaac Hull. do. do. Lewis Warrington. do. do. Alexander J. Dallas. Franklin, Washington, Columbus, Ohio, N. Carolina, Delaware, 74 74 74 74 74 74 do. do. do. do. do. do. Philadelphia, Penn. Portsmouth, N. H. Washington, D. C. Brooklyn, N. Y. Philadelphia, Penn. Norfolk, Va. Frigates of the 1st. Class. Of these there are also 7 — United States, 44 guns, built at Philadelphia, Penn. A Constitution, 44 do. Guerricre, 44 do. Java, 44 do. Potomac, 44 do. Brandywine, 44 do. Hudson, Boston, Mass. Philadelphia, Penn. Baltimore, Md. Washington, D. C. do. Purchased, N. Y. D. 1814. 1815. 1816. 1819. 1820. 1820. 1820. D. 1797- 1814. 1821. 1825. 1826. £ A Statistical and Chronological View Frigates of the 2d. Class. There are only 3 of these — 1. Constellation, 36 guns, built at Baltimore, Md. A. D. 1797. 2. Congress, 36 do. Portsmouth, N. H. 1799. 3. Macedonia, 36 Captured at sea, 1812. Sloops of War. Of these there are 1 5 — 1. John Qt. Adams, 24 guns, built at Charleston, S. C. A. D. 1799. 2. Eric, 18 do. Baltimore, Md. 1813. 3. Ontario, 18 do. do. « 4. Peacock, 18 do. Brooklyn, N. Y. « 5. Cyane, 24 Ca L ptured at sea, 1815. 0. Boston, 18 built at Boston, Mass. 1825. 7. Lexington, 18 do. Brooklyn, N. Y. u 8. Vmcennes, 18 do. do. 1826. 9. Warren, 18 do. Boston, Mass. u 10. Natchez, 18 do. Norfolk, Va. 1827. 11. Falmouth, 18 do. Boston, Mass. it 12. Fairfield, IS do. Brooklyn, N. Y. 1828. 13. Vandaiia, 18 do. Philadelphia, Pa. « 14. St. Louis, 18 do. Washington, D.C. CI 15. Concord, 18 do. Portsmouth, N. H. u Small Craft. There a re 8 of this i kind 1— 1. Porpoise, 12 guns , built at Portsmouth, N. H. 1820. 2. Dolphin, 12 do Philadelphia, Penn. 1821. 3. Grampus, 12 do, Washington, D. C. C( 4. Shark, 12 do, do. a 5. Enterprise, 12 do, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1831. 6, Boxer, 12 do, Boston, Mass. a 7. The Fox, 3 Purchased, 1823. S. The Sea Hull , 3 do. tt Whole number of guns, as the several vessels are rated, 1294. POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT. This department, was organized in 1789, at which time Samuel Osgood of Mass. was made P. M. G. left 1791. Tim. Pickering, Penn. appointed 1791 J.Habersham, Geor. do. 1795 Gideon Granger, Conn. do. 1802 Return J.Meigs, Ohio, do. 1814 JohnM'Lean, Ohio, do. 1823 Wm. T. Barrv, Ken. do. 1829 do. 1 795. do. 1802. do. 1814. do. 1823. do. 1829, of the United Stales. 9 The first return of the Post Office Department in 1790, exhibits the folio win or; — Dates, No. of No. of Offices, miles tr. 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 75 903 2,300 4,600 8,450 1,875 20,S17 36,406 72,492 115,176 Receipts. S 37,935 280,804 551,684 1,111,972 1,919,300 Expense. 32,140 213,994 495,968 1,160,925 1,959,109 Gain. $ 5,794 66,810 55,715 48,999 Loss, 39,809 " Note. It appears by a statement furnished by the Post Office Department, that the revenue derived from this source since the year 1789 has not only ta^^f^H^ 1 10 thC eStablishmeilt ' but u ? t0 1830, haJ RATES OP POSTAGE. Postage on one piece of paper, or letter, for 30 miles and under 6 Over 30 and not exceeding 80 miles, 10 Over 80 and up to 150, ' 12 ' Over 150 and up to 400, 1S | Over 400 miles, 25 Letters of two pieces of paper or double letter, twice the above rates. Those of 3 pieces pay triple these rates ; and of 4 pieces, quad- ruple these rates. r ' H Letters weighing one ounce or more, are charged with quadru- ple postage for each ounce. Letters,|or packages of letters, delivered at the office, where lodg- ed pay one cent postage. to Ship letters cleared at office when the vessel arrived, pay 6 cents If sent thence, they pay only 2 cents in addition to regular postal as above charged. to ' & ^vspapers carried 100 miles pay, 1 cen t each. All over 100 miles, ji « Pamphtets,kc. published periodically, 100 miles, Hcts. per sheet. Over 100 2* « If not periodically, 100 4 « Over 100 6 " UNITED STATES MINT ESTABLISHMENT. The Mint of the United States is situated in the city of Philadel- phia near the "Centre Square;" the building recently erected for the purpose, is said to be one of the most elegant and appropriate known to the history of any country. The Mint was established in the year 1790, and its operations for the year 1S31, exhibit the fol- lowing results:— 5 10 Ji Statistical and Chronological View Half eagles, No. of p'cs. gold, 110,594 at $5 each, Am't §702,970 00 Quarter eagles, do. 4,5 ?0 2 50 do. 11,300 00 Half dollars, do. silv. 5,873,660 m do. 2,9^6,830 00 Quarter dollars do. 398,000 25 do. 99,500 00 Dimes, do. 171,350 10 do. 77J135 00 Half dimes, do. 1,242 700 05 do. 62,135 00 Cents, do. cop. 3,359,269 01 do. 33,592 60 Half cents, do. 2,200 005 do. 11 00 Total No. of pieces, 11,792,384 Total amount, $3,923,473 60 Sources of the Gold Bu ion above coined. Virginia, United States $26,000 N. Carolina, do. 294,000 S. Carolina, do. 22,000 Georgia, do. 176,000 Alabama, do. 1,000 Tennesse, do. 1,000 Mexico, S. America, W. Indies, $130,000 Regions of Africa, 27,000 Places not ascertained, 33,000 $520,000 196,000 Sum total, $71 6,000 The Report of 1832 exhibits the following. Half eagles, gol( 1, No. ( )fp'cs. 157,487 at $5 each $787,435 Gluarter eagles, do. 4,000 2 50 10,000 Half dollars, silv. do. 4,792,000 50 2,396,000 Gluarter dollars, do. 320,000 25 80.000 Dimes, do. 522,500 10 52,250 Half dimes, do. 965,000 05 58,250 Cents, copper, do. 2,352,000 01 23,520 Total number of pieces, 9,112,987 Total amount, $3,397,455 Sources of the Gold Bulion. Mexico, S. America, and W. Indies, $80,000 Africa, 28,000 United States of N. America, 678,000 Places not known, 12,000 $798,000 UNITED STATES TONAGE FOR 1830. Registered, 651,635, enrolled and licensed, 21,354, total 1,472,989 of the United States. BRITISH TONAGE FOR 1830 England, No. of vessels, 13,977 Scotland, do. . 3,228 Ireland, do. 1,413 Islands of the coast 492 No. of steamboats owned in the U.K. Tons, 1,758,066 *" 308,297 " 101,994 " 31,603 19,110 342 Tonage, Total, 19,452 UNITED STATES EXPORTS FOR 1830. Am't. of Cotton goods, $1,313,133 all other manufactures, 4,002,797 Its Gold and Silver coin, Raw cotton, Rice, Tobacco, wheat flour, biscuit, &c. Pork in all its forms, j So &, Indian corn and meal, Beef in all its forms, Butter and cheese, Horses and mules, Sheep, Rye meal, rye, oats, pulse, &c. Flaxseed, Hops, and B. sugar. Potatoes and apples, Indigo, Productions of the forest, Do do. ocean, Sundries not distinguished, 2,199,959 31,353 2,231,312 5,320,980 937,151 29,674,883 1,986,825 5,586,365 6,320,603 1,315,245 44,883,920 597,119 717,633 142,370 182,244 22,110 154,045 214,260 62,754 827 4,192,047 1,725,270 309,249 Total amount of domestic exports, Foreign articles exported, $59,462,029 14,389,479 $73,849,508 IMPORTS INTO THE UNITED STATES FOR 1830. Amount of articles free of duty, $12,746,245 Do. paying a d valorem duties, 35,835,450 Do. P a ying specific duties, 22,295,225 Total, $70,876,920 12 Ji Statistical and Chronological Vieiv RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES. JMo. of Ministers. Members. Houses. Estimate Value. Congregationalists, 1,000 150,000 1,250 $5,380,000 Presbyterians, 1,800 173,000 2,085 7,297,500 Associate do. 72 14,000 105 367,500 Dutch Reformed, 160 25,000 200 700,000 Episcopalians, 525 83,000 665 2,327,500 German Reformed, 229 51,000 500 1,750,000 Lutherns, 200 28,000 300 1,050,000 Methodists, 3,000 450,000 8,750 26,620,000 Baptists, 2,914 364,820 6,400 20,519,000 7th-day Baptists, 30 2,000 46 162,000 6 prim. Baptists, 26 1,860 32 112,000 Free Will Baptists, 240 36,900 312 1,092,000 Free, Mon. Baptists, 42 3,714 52 182,000 Tunkers, or Dunkers, 320 18,500 373 1,291,500 Mennonites, 356 37,220 652 2,282,000 Emancipators," 12 510 16 53,000 United Brethren, 33 3,200 44 161,000 Christian Society, 26 2,300 33 116,500 Friends Society, 55,500 530 1,855,000 Unitarians, 162 26,400 180 630,000 Swedenbergians, 29 2,100 41 159,500 Shakers, 45 1,500 19 71,500 Universalists, 166 32,000 220 780,000 Roman Catholics, Whole No. of clergy, 230 40,000 150 650,000 11,611 1,614,520 21,951 $75,559,500 NUMBER OF BANKS IN THE UNITED STATES. Bank of the U. States, parent, at Philadelphia, Penn. capital, $35,000,000, specie, $2,500,000 Branches in the several states, amount of specie collec- tively, 4,299,753 Ara't. of public deposites U. S. treasury, March 1, private " Individuals, " Amount of paper notes issued, Number of local banks in the U. States, 1833, U. States and branches, $6,799,753 1832 6,781,114 8,816,760 $22,397,627 42,118,452 483 28 — Total, 511 of the United States. 13 Am't. Local Bank funds, $159,500,000 U. S. Bank and branches, 35,000,000 $194,500,000 Paper in circulation, local banks, 92,000,000 Do. U.S. bank and branches, 42,118,452 $134,113,452 Interest paid on loans at 6 per cent, per anum, 8,047,107 Specie in all the U. States, probably, 20,000,000 NUMRER OP COLLEGES IN THE UNITED STATES. In 1776, the number of colleges was 8, now 1832, there are 56 No. of pupils in 1776,765. Number in " 5360 teachers, 1832, 405. No. of pupils to each teacher, 13 prof, schools, law, 9. — physic, 17. — divinity, 28. — Total, 53 NUMBER OF INDIANS IN THE UNITED STATES. The whole number of natives within the limits of the U. States, is about .... 313,130 Of which 70 tribes are known, whose numbers am't. to 129,266 These tribes possess lands, which in acres amount to 77,402,318 Note. These tribes are principally amalgamated remnants of the millions of brave independent nations who were once lords of this vast country. GENERAL STATISTICAL VIEW OF THE SEVERAL UNITED STATES. I. MAINE. The region of country now known as the State of Maine, was first visited by a company from England, in 1607 ; who, in conse- quence of the severity of the climate, and rocky aspect of the coast, became discouraged, returned home, and afterwards planted a colony further south. The first permanent settlement was made at the present town of York, in the year 1630. It was attached to the state of Massa- chusetts, and styled the " Province of Maine," up to the third of March, 1820, when it was admitted into the Union, an independent state. The same year, its present constitution was adopted. The state is divided into 10 counties, and 240 towns. Mean length, 14 Statistical Vieiv 236 miles ; mean breadth, 135 ; number of square miles, 31,960 • number of acres, 20,455,400: population 1790, 96,540; 1800, 151,719; 1810,228,705; 1820,298,335; 1830, white males, 200,- 687; white females, 197,573; black males, 600 ; black females, 575 ; slaves, 2 females : total, 399,437. Election, 2d Monday in September, by districts. Electoral votes, 10. Governor, S. E. Smith: salary, $1,500. Seat of government, Augusta ; popula- tion 1S30, 3,9S0 ; distance from Washington, 595 miles. Population largest toions, fyc. 1830. Portland : . . 12.600 " dist. from Washington 543 m. Hallowed . . . 3,064 Bath . . . 3,773 Brunswick . . . 3,747 Saco . . . 3,220 Berwick . . . 3,168 Waldoborough . . 3,113 Belfast . . . 3,077 Bangor . . . 2,864 Kennebunk . . . 2.763 160 140 135 3,500 35 Length of Penobscot river, m. Androscoggin Kennebec Library Bowdoin College, vols. No of incorporated Academies Academy Fund $176,200 No. of District Schools 2,800 Annual public support $150,000 No. of Banks, 1832 23 Amount of Bank capital $8,000,000 Face of the country, rough ; soil, strong, and good for grazing. Staple products, fish, lumber, beef, pork, iron, lead. Native tribe, Abenaquis, with many branches, not all extinct. This is the region of country through which Benedict Arnold, the subsequent traitor, marched, in 1775, with a detachment of 1000 men, for the purpose of aiding general Montgomery in the capture of Quebec. His provisions failed while yet deep in the unbroken wilderness, and he and his troops stayed their hunger by eating their dogs, shoes, and clothes. The early Indian wars were severely felt on the western border of this state, and many of the inhabitants were killed, while others were carried captives into Canada. General Lovell's expedition against the English fort on the Pe- nobscot, was a memorable disaster ; nearly the whole force was literally cut to pieces, and the shipping destroyed. During the war of 1812, the British effected a landing on the extreme easterly point of the state, and took possession of Eastport, but gave it up at the peace of Ghent. Soon after this state had organized her government, the British, wishing for a road direct from N. Brunswick to Quebec, laid claim to several thousand square miles of the northern part of her terri- tory, which she had peaceably held since the treaty of 1783. The subject is not yet adjusted. of the several United States. 15 II. NEW HAMPSHIRE. The tract of country embraced in this state was primitively called Laconia, subsequently Piscataqua, and finally New Hampshire, an appellation given by John Mason, to whom the tract was granted in 1622. The first settlements made were in 1623, at Little Harbour, near the mouth of the Piscataqua, and at Dover, about 8 miles up the stream. In 1641, this territory was taken under the care of Massachu- setts, with which it remained 33 years, when it was separated by order of Charles 2d, and made a royal province. The present constitution was framed in 1783, and revised in 1792. The state is divided into 6 counties, and subdivided into 213 townships. Mean length, 160 miles ; mean breadth, 53. Number of square miles, 9,500. Number of acres, 6,100,000. Population 1790, 141,839 ; 1800,183,762; 1810, 214,360 ; 1820, 244,161 ; 1830, white males, 131,184; white females, 137,537; black males, 279 ; black females, 323 ; slaves, 5 females ; — total, 269,328. Seat of government, Concord ; population, 1830, 3,727 ; dis- tance from Washington, 474 miles. Election, 2d Tuesday in March — general ticket; electoral votes, 7. Governor, Samuel Dinsmoor ; salary, $1,200. Population largest towns, 1830. Portsmouth .... 8,082 " dist. from Washington, 491 m. Dover .... 5,459 Gilmantown : 3,81(5 Somersworth . . . 3,090 Exeter 2,757 Hopkinion . ; . 2,474 Keene 2,374 Haverhill . . i 2,153 Height of Mt. Washington, ft. 6,650 JYJoosehillock 4,500 Monadnock 3,250 Length Connecticut river, in. 300 Library Dartmouth Coll. vols. 6,000 Incorporated Academies 30 No. Banks, 1832 . . 21 Amount of Bank capital $6,500,000 This state is mountainous, and the soil indifferently good ; better for grass and grazing than tillage. The staple productions are butter, cheese, beef, pork, poultry. Inhabitants, temperate, frugal, industrious, and above want. The early history of New Hampshire is full of interesting ad- venture, and tragic Indian scenery, happily drawn by the late Mr. Belknap. King Philip's war, of 1675, was the most bloody and destructive waged between the natives and the whites, and fell heavily on this state. 16 Statistical View In 1689, the war of king William broke out, and this state was exposed to the 'inroads of the Indians for seven years ; Salmon Falls, Haverhill, &c. were burnt and sacked. In 1702, a war of 12 years raged, when Exeter, Dover, Kingston, Oyster Bay, &c. were burnt, and men, women, and children, dragged prisoners of war into Canada. The war of 1754, which closed in 1763, by the conquest of Ca- nada, gave the people of this state some respite, until the war of the revolution, in 1775, broke upon the world, which eventuated in the independence of this state. The first legislative assembly held in this state, met in 1680. And in 1785, the legislature assembled at Exeter were taken pris- oners of war by a body of insurgents, but were soon released by a body of citizen troops. The boundary line between this state and Massachusetts has been a subject of dispute for about 150 years, and still remains un- settled. III. VERMONT. The state of Vermont was originally held by natives called the Coos Indians, and a few others near the lakes. The first settlement made by the English was at Brattleborough, in 1625, at which place Fort Dummer was built, and some im- provements made, but afterward abandoned : the French, from Canada, also built opposite Crown Point as early as 1731. Bennington, the first permanent settlement, was planted in 1749, and named after Benning Wentworth, governor of N. Hampshire. But as the country was claimed by Massachusetts, N. Hampshire, and New York, great difficulty was experienced in settling the title to the lands. The two former states backed out of the contest, and the inhabitants of the disputed territory bought the claim of New York, for which they paid $30,000, and in 17i*l entered the Union, an independent state, strikingly democratic for the age in which its constitution was framed. Mean length, 157 miles ; mean breadth, 65. Number of square miles, 1 0,212. Number of acres, 6,535,680. Number of counties, 13. Number of towns, 246. Population, 1790, 85,416 ; 1800, 154,465 ; 1810, 217,713 ; 1820, 235,764; 1830, white males, 139,986; white females, 139,790; black males, 426 ; black females, 455 ; — total, 280,659. Seat of government, Montpelier ; population, 1830, 1,793 ; distance from Washington, 524 miles. Election, 1st Tuesday in September, by district. Electoral votes, 7. Governor, William A. Palmer ; salary, $750. of the several United States. 17 Population of the largest towns, 1833. Burlington .... 3,523 dist. from Washington, 515 m. Middlebury . . . 3,468 Bennington .... 3,420 Windsor .... 3,134 Woodstock .... 3,044 Rutland .... 2,753 St. Albans .... 2,375 Height of Mansfield mt. ft. 4,280 Camel's Rump 4,188 Ascutnev 3,300 Bellows Falls 44 No. sq. m- Lake Champlain 600 Banks, 9— Capital stock $1,000,000 Colleges, 2 — Incorp. Academies . 25 The central regions of this state are broken and mountainous, though good pasture land. Along the rivers, the soil is fertile, and well cultivated. Beef, pork, butter, cheese, and wool, are staple articles. Iron and marble are abundant. Inhabitants, hardy and frugal. This is the only state in the Union in which, by the census of 1830, there were no slaves. The people of Vermont, though fighting upon their own hook, sustained the cause of the revolution of 1776 with a bravery and success which will be held in honourable remembrance so long as the history of that eventful period is read. The undaunted leaders of the chivalrous " Green Mountain Boys," were, the gigantic gen- eral Ethan Allen, and the cool, determined, colonel Seth Warner, neither of whom were ever moved by fear, or won by flattery, and yet both strikingly averse to cruelty and bloodshed. The greenest laurel won by the hardy sons of this "Mountain State,' 1 '' was at the battle of Bennington, directed by the immortal John Stark, of New Hampshire. The able and indefatigable patriot, Thomas Chittenden, who had done the duties of the governor of the people with singular success, for the period of 19 years, in succession, resigned the trust in 1797. The first attempt of the people of this state to carry on the busi- ness of banking and emitting bills of credit, on loan, with interest, was made about 1804, and proved truly unfortunate. They are now experimenting in paper money on a revised plan, the success of which must be left to the test of time. IV. MASSACHUSETTS. This state is memorable for having been first planted by a reli- gious sect called Puritans : they arrived on the coast, from Hol- land, in a ship styled the Mayflower, and landed on the Plymouth rock, 101 in number, on the 20th of December, 1620. The name of the state is derived from that of the celebrated In- 2* 18 Statistical View dian chief, Massasoit, the sachem of that region, and father of the heroic king Philip. Boston, the present commercial mart, both of the state and all New England, was called by the natives, Shawmut ; and by the first settlers, Trimonts, from its three hills, Fort, Beacon, and Copp's. The first legislative assembly met in Boston, October 12, 1630. The first vessel built was called the " Blessing of the Bay," 1631. The first printing was done by a Mr. Day, " The Freeman's Oath," 1639. The first treaty of union between the several plantations, 1 643. The state first divided into counties, courts of justice planted, 1643. Mean length, 130 miles ; mean breadth, 61. Number of coun- ties, 14. Number of towns, 263. Number of square miles, 7,800. Number of acres, 4,990,000. Population, 1790, 378,717 ; 1800,423,245 ; 1810, 472,040 ; 1820, 523,287 ; 1830, white males, 294,635 ; white females, 308,674 ; black males, 3,360 ; black females, 3,687 : slaves, 2, both females : total, 610,408. Seat of government, Boston ; population, 1830,61,392; distance from Washington, 436 miles. Election, 2d Monday in November — general ticket. Electoral votes, 14. Governor, Levi Lincoln ; salary, $3,666 5. Population of the largest towns, <§-c. 1830. Height of Saddle mountain, ft. 4,000 Library Cambridge Coll. vols. Boston Atheneum Boston City Worcester A. A. S No. Public Schools No. Banks Amount Capital Stock No. Manufacturing Cos. Amount Capital invested $60,000,000 Ship-Tonnage 460,000 26,000 21,000 8,000 S. 7,000 J, 870 20 $25,000,000 263 Salem .... 13,886 dist. from Washington, 450 m. Charlestown ... • 8,783 New Bedford . . . 7,592 Gloucester : . . 7,513 Nantucket .... 7 205 Springfield . . .. 6^784 Lowell .... 6,474 Newburyport . . . 6.388 Lynn C,138 Cambridge . . . 6,071 Itoxbury .... 5,250 The Green mountains pass through the western part of the state ; otherwise the surface is undulating. The soil, in the south, is light and sandy ; the residue, strong and productive. The cli- mate is every where healthy, and longevity common. Staple products, beef, pork, butter, cheese, grain, fish, fruits, &c. The manufactures are among the best in the country. The great body of the people of this state are agriculturists, frugal, temperate, industrious, independent, and well informed. In 1652, this state bought the province of Maine, for #5,324, of the heirs of Gorges, and held it for about 150 years. of the several United States. 19 Philip's war broke out in this state in the year 1673, and closed in 1678. In 1683, the charter of the state was awarded to the kino-, James 2d, by the court of chancery, and the government was committed to E. Andross. In 1692, a new charter was given. This was the age of the disgraceful witchcraft infatuation, which cost the lives of many innocent human beings. Then came the war of king William, with the French and In- dians of Canada. Next, the war of queen Anne, when Deerfield was sacked, Mrs. Williams carried off, &c. In 1744, the war of George 2d took place, the Indians from Canada scoured the country. Then the war of 1763 followed, when the Canadas were cap- tured. In 1775, April 19, at Lexington, the war of the revolution com- menced. The spot now bears a beautiful grey granite monument, with inscriptions. On the 17th of June, of the same year, the battle of Bunker Hill occurred, and Dr. Joseph Warren fell. A granite monument was erected here in 1825. In 1780, this state adopted her republican constitution, and ap- pointed her officers. In 1783, African slavery was abolished in all her borders. In this measure she led the van. In 1786, her peace was disturbed by the insurrection of Daniel Shays. In 1820, her present constitution was adopted, being a revision of that of 1 780, and Boston soon after became a city. V. RHODE ISLAND. This is the smallest state in the Union ; more democratic than any of her neighbours ; inhabitants, enterprising and wealthy, though not greatly informed, except in large towns. The natives were the peaceable Narraganset tribe, near whom, and upon the summit of mount Hope, in the town of Bristol, the intrepid king Philip held his court, and planned his campaigns. The celebrated Roger Williams first planted this state, at the Indian Mooshaussic, the present Providence, in January of 1636. In 1638, William Coddington bought of the natives the island of Aquidnic, the present island of Rhode Island. It was immedi- ately settled by about 20 men, and Mr. Coddington was soon made the first governor of the state. 20 Statistical Vieio This state is divided into 5 counties, and subdivided into 31 townships. Mean length, 47 miles ; mean breadth, 29 ; number of square miles, 1,363 ; number of acres, 872,420. Population, 1790, 69,110; 1800, 69,112; 1810, 77,031; 1820, 83,059 ; 1830, white males, 45,333 r white females, 48,288 ; black males, 1,544 ; black females, 2,029 ; male slaves, 3 ; female do. 11;— total, 97,199. Seat of government, Providence ; population, 1830, 16,832; distance from Washington, 394 miles. Election, April and Au- gust — general ticket. Electoral votes, 4. Governor, William L. Southard ; salary, $400. Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. Newport . . . 8,010 No. of Banks in Rhode Island 51 dist. from Washing. 424 in. Amount of Bank capital $8,650,000 Scituate . . 6,853 Amt. School appropriation $30,090 Warwick . . . 5,529 Length of Blackstone canal, m. 45 Smithfield . . 3,994 Library Brown College, vols. 5,000 S. Kingston . . 3,003 Tawtucket Falls, ft. 50 Bristol . . . 3,054 No. sheep on I. It. I. 100,000 N.Kingston . . 3,036 The northern part of this state is rough ; the central regions, undulating ; and the extreme south, principally level. The great body of the people are sober, industrious, and wealthy. In the planting of Rhode Island, the name of which, as applied to the island, was taken from that of Rhodes, on the coast of Asia Minor, Roger Williams and his associates sat the first example of a social community in which the perfect freedom of religious opin- ion was indiscriminately enjoyed. This course was so particularly offensive to the neighbouring states, that when the confederation for mutual safety against the natives was formed, this state was refused the privilege of becoming a party to the compact, and left to protect herself against the exas- perated Indians. But her course with these sons of the forest had always been humane and just ; hence, she had nothing to fear. In 1643, Mr. Williams went to England, and purchased the territory of the Plymouth company; and in 1663, he obtained a charter from Charles 2d, which is now the existing constitution of the state. The only part which this state took in the repeated wars with the French and Indians of Canada, was the furnishing a sloop of war, 100 sailors, and 300 soldiers. In 1775, when the great struggle of the revolution'commenced, this state sent her troops into thVfield under the command of her heroic son, Nathaniel Green ; whose mother, a consistent Quaker- ess, when she found that Nathaniel would go to the war, said, of the several United States. 21 " If thou wilt go, I hope Jhe enemy will not wound thee in thy back." During the struggle, Newport was occupied by the English for some months, near which, both upon the water and the land, there was some hard fiehting. VI. CONNECTICUT. The state of Connecticut takes its name from the noble stream which passes through it, and which; as applied by the natives, means a long river. It was originally inhabited by savage tribes, the most powerful of which was the Pequods : their numbers were about 40,000. The state was first planted at two points, in the year 1633 ; one at Hartford, by the Dutch from. New York, and the other at Windsor, by one William Holmes, of the Plymouth company. In 1637, the famous Pequod war broke out, which eventuated in the entire success of the circumcised white men. New Haven, the Indian Gtuinnapiak, was settled by a company from London, in 163S. The charter of this colony was obtained hi 1639, and Theophilus Eaton was made the first governor. The colonies of Hartford and New Haven were united in one charter, by Charles 2d, in 1662. This instrument lasted 150 years. Mean length, 90 miles j mean breadth, 53 ; number of square miles, 4,770 ; number of acres, 3,052,800 ; number of counties, 8 ; numb sr of towns, 121. Population, 1790, 238,141 ; 1800, 251,002; 1810, 262,040 ; 1820, 275,202 ; 1S30, white males, 143,047 ; white females, 146,556 ; black males, 3,850 ; black females, 6,197 ; slaves, males 8, females 17 ;— total, 297,675. Seat of government, half the time, Hartford ; population, 1830, 9,789 ; distance from Washington, 33S miles. New Haven, the other half; population, 1830, 10,180 ; distance from Washing- ton, 304 miles. Election, 1st Monday in April — general ticket ; electoral votes, 8. Governor, John S. 'Peters ; salary, $1,100. Population of the largest towns, S,-c. 1830. Middletown .... 6,592 Fairfield , 4,346 dist, from Wash. 330 m. Danbury ; 4,310 Norwicli . . .. * . 5,169 Greenwich . 3,805 Litchfield : 4,458 Norwalk . 3,793 New London . 4,365 No. following agriculture 55,000 22 No. following merchandise commerce Library Yale College, vols. No. Banks Statistical View 23,000 6,000 7,000 15 Bank capital Amount of School Fund No. of pupils . : §6,000,000 $2,756,233 85,000 This state is charmingly diversified with rising grounds, and intervening valleys. The soil is good ; farms, small, and well cultivated. The staple productions are beef, pork, butter, cheese, cider, fruit, onions. The manufactures are noted, abundant, and various. Connecticut has heretofore presented to the world a state of so- cial community peculiarly inviting ; but of late it is said to have sensibly fallen off. Yale College founded in 1700, by Elihu Yale, of London. Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Hartford ; funds, $250,000 ; pupils, 130. Number of factories, 1,350; capital employed; $3,500,000; raw silk made and sold annually, $75,000. The charter of Charles 2d was hid by Wadsworth in the hollow of an oak tree, and thereby preserved from the grasp of James 2d. In 1776, Danbury was burnt, by order of general Howe ; general Tryon commanded. In 1779, New Haven, and vicinity, were burned by the same Tryon. In 1781, B. Arnold, the traitor, sacked New London, his native place. In 1783, a republican constitution was framed and adopted. In 1818, that constitution was revised, and made more repub- lican. VII. NEW YORK. This is called the "Empire State," on account of its wealth and population, in both of which it surpasses every other in the confe- deracy. It was once inhabited by the Iroquois Indians, or "Six Nations," of whom the Mohawks were the most powerful, now mostly extinct. This state was first discovered in 1609, by Henry Hudson. Manhatton Island, the present city and county ofNew York, "was then possessed by a tribe of Indians called Manadoes. The Dutch made a landing at Albany, and built Fort Orange and trading houses in 1614; and at New York 1615, calling the whole country New Netherlands. The English took it by force in 1664, and changed the name to New York". • The first Legislative Assembly was held in New York, Oct. 1683, under E. Andross. of the seeeral United States. 23 Schenectady burnt by the Indians and French, in the winter of 1689. Mean length 285 miles; mean breadth 165; number of square miles 46,200; number of acres 29,568,000; number of counties 58. Population in 1790, 340,120; 1800, 585,756; 1810, 959,049; 1820, 1,372,812;— 1830, white males 951,441; white females 916,620; black males 21,465; black females 23,404; slaves, 12 males, 64 females ; total, 1,913,006. Seat of Government, Albany; population in 1830, 25,516 ; dis- tance from Washington, 376 miles. Election 1st. Monday in No- vember — general ticket. Electoral votes, 42. Governor, William L. Marcy, salary, $4,000. Population of the largest towns, <^c. in 1830. • Cost of canals, $10,341,140 Height of Catskill mountains, 3,804 ft. Length of the Hudson river, 196 m. New York city. Library, vols. 16 000 U. College, " " 7J000 ship tonnage, 345,000 Number of local banks, 73 Amount of bank capital, $28,000,000 Total Insurance Companies, 51 Total amount of capital, $18,201,731 Whale Fishery, Hudson com- pany, capital, 200,000 Sag-Harbour company, cap. 400,000 Newburgh " " 200,000 Number of ships employed, 28 Amount of tonnage, 9,163 Number of steamboats, 116 Number of saving banks, 6 ; amount of deposites, $3,125,375 Staple productions, wheat, beef, pork, wool, iron, and salt. It is reported that J. Verrazano of Florence, entered the harbour of New York in 1524, where he staid two weeks ; but New Port harbour is probably meant. Hudson's men are said to have first landed on Coney Island, on the 4th of September, 1609. Long Island was first settled by the Dutch in 1625. In 1779, Gen. Sullivan destroyed 40 Indian towns, and 160,000 bushels of corn. In 1807, R. Fulton, of this state, started his first steamboat. In 1822, the old Constitution of 1777, was revised. Soon after the laws of the state were revised. In 1833, the Erie Canal had paid in toll, $1,085,612 " Northern Canal " 110,192 " Oswego Canal « 19,786 " Cayuga and Seneca Canal 13,893 New York city, 213,170 dist. from Washing ton, 227 m. Brooklyn, . 15,39li City of Troy, 11,105 Rochester, . » 10,883 Buffalo, 8,653 Utica, 8,325 Johnstown, 7,703 Manlius, 7,375 Poughkeepsie, 7,222 Newburgh, 6,424 Hudson, 5,395 Ithaca, 5,270 Canandaigua, 5,102 Number of common schoo Is, 8,835 Whole military force, 210,923 Amount of state revenue, $1,740,53] expenditure, 1,747,987 Length of cana!s, 516 m. 01,229,483 34 A Statistical and Chronological View VIII. NEW JERSEY. The primitive history of this state is in some respects blended with that of New York ; and is therefore rather indistinct. It was first planted by a few families from Long Island, at the present Elizabethtown, in the year 1664. The soil was purchased of the natives. The same year, the Duke of York sold out his right to the pro- vince, to Lord Berkley and George Carteret. The son of the latter Philip Carteret, brought out a number of families in 1665, and be- came governor of the province, fixing his residence at Elizabeth- town.. The territory was divided into East and West Jersey in 1676, and in 1682, the east part was sold to W. Penn, who made Robert Barclay the ruling governor. In 1688, James II. connected this province with New York and New England, and made E. Andross governor of the whole. Queen Anne took the province under her care in 1702, united the two ports, and made Lord Cornbury the governor. Mean length 133 miles, mean breadth 50; number of square miles 8,300; number of acres 4,460,000; number of counties 14. Population in 1790, 85,416; 1800, 211,949; 1810, 245,555; 1820, 277,595; 1930, white males 152,529; white females 147,737; black males 9,501, black femals 8,802; slaves, males 1,059; females 1,195; total 320,823. Seat of Government Trenton; population in 1830 6,000 ; dis- tance from Washington 167 miles. " Election 2d. Tuesday in Octo- ber — general ticket. Electoral votes 8. Governor, Elias P. Seely, salary $2,000. Population oj the largest towns, #c. in 1830. Newark, . . 10,900 dist. from Washington, 216 m. Paterson, . . 9,000 New Brunswick, 8,000 Elizabethtown, . . 5,000 Burlington, . . 3,200 Princeton, • . 1,85'J The north of this state is rough; centre, undulating; south, level. Produce, grain, fruits, beef, pork, butter, cheese, fish, iron, and timber. During the war of the revolution, the people of this state suffered from the presence both of friends and foes, more than any other in the Union. The principal battle grounds, are Trenton, fought on the 26th December, ...... 1776 The heights of Princeton, fought January 3d, . . 1777 The battle of Monmouth, fought on the 28th June, . 1778 Library, N. Hall, vols. 8,000 D. Theo. Sem. Princeton, 6,000 Am'!. School Funds, $250,100 Number of Academies, 21 " banks, 16 Amount of bank capital, $7,500,000 of the several United States. 25 The present constitution was formed in 1776. In the war of 1812, this state sent her militia to the Canada lines. Soon after the peace of 1815, measures were taken to commence improving her internal resources; among which are the Morris Canal, extending from the Delaware to the Passaic at Newark, now in operation. The Raritan Canal for sloop navigation, extends from the Dela- ware to New Brunswick, nearly completed. The South Amboy and Camden Rail Road, nearly completed. It is supposed that when fairly in operation the passage from New York to Philadelphia, will be made through this channel in less than six hours. The boundary line between this state and New York has been the subject of much ill-blood, and still remains unsettled. IX. PENNSYLVANIA. This is one of the most agricultural, commercial, and manufac- turing states in the Union; and it has long been deeply engaged in internal improvements. The banks of the river Delaware were first settled by a company of Fins and Swedes, from cape Henlopen to the falls at Trenton, in 1627. They were finally conquered by the Dutch from New York, and sent prisoners to Holland. It fell to the English by conquest in 1664. In 16S1, Charles II. made a grant of this province to the cele- brated William Penn, to cancel a debt due Penn's father. He took possession the same year by his agent, Markham, and in October 1682, he with 2,000 of his friends arrived, bought of the natives, and commenced the city of Philadelphia. Owing to the humane policy pursued toward the Indians; the liberal principles of the government, and the fertile character of the soil, this state had a more peaceable and rapid growth than any of the others. Mean length 286 miles ; mean breadth 1 53 ; number of square miles 43,961 ; number of acres 28,134,430, number of counties 51. Population in 1790,434,373; 1800,602,365; 1810,810,091; 1820, 1,049,488; 1830, white males 665,812; white females 644,088; black males 18,377; black females 52,938; slaves, males 172: fe- males 231; total, 1,348,233. Seat of Government Harrisburg; population in 1830,4,307; distance from Washington 110 miles. Election 2d. Tuesday in October— general ticket. Electoral votes 30. Governor, George Wolf, salary, $4,000. 3 2G A Statistical and Chronological View Population of the largest toicns, <^c. in 1830. Bloomfield, 3,529 Carlisle, 2,923 Chambersburg, 2,794 Wilksbarre. 2,233 Number of local banks, 38 " colleges, 11 " academies, 56 Philadelphia, . . 167,688 dist. from Washington, 137 in. Pittsburg, . . 12,542 Lebanon, . . 7,704 Lancaster, - . 7,684 Reading, . . 5,859 York, . . . 4,216 The Alleghany mountains pervade the central regions of this state. On the north of this ridge the soil is good ; on the south greatly superior. Wheat is the great staple. Iron and coal are abundant. The people are hardy, temperate, industrious, and wealthy. Battle at Germantown, October 4th, 1777. The city left by the British, June 18th, 1778. The Government of the U. States moved from the city to Washington, 1800. X. DELAWARE. This state takes its name from the river which washes its eastern line; and the river from Lord De La War. It is a little larger than Rhode Island, but neither so populous nor so wealthy ; nor has it so much available soil, as the coast abounds with pools and stagnant waters. It was originally connected with Penn's purchase, and under his government ; being styled " the territories of Pennsylvania." This state was first settled by Fins and Swedes in 1627. They landed at cape Henlopen, calling it " Paradise." At the present Lewistown, they built^a fort called " Hoarkill," 1630. The next year they built " Fort Christie" near Wilmington. New Castle was called Stockholm ; and the whole country, New Swedeland. In 1651, the Dutch from New York took the province, and changed its name to New Amsterdam. The Fins and Swedes were sent to Holland, except a few taken to New York. In 1683, they had their own assembly, and were called the "Three Counties on the Delaware." In 1760, the boundary line with Maryland was adjusted. In 1765, this orovince sent delegates to the first assembly in New York. In 1776, the people framed their first constitution. The late Csesar A. Rodney was their distinguished statesman. The battle of the Brandy wine was fought in this state, and dis- of the United States. 27 tinguished by the presence of the two greatest men known to the history of the world, Washington and La Fayette, the latter of whom was wounded. The constitution of 1776, was revised in 1792, and still exists. Mean length 94 miles ; mean breadth 22; number of square miles 2,112; number of acres 1,351,680; number of counties 3; number of towns 11. Population in 1790, 59,094; 1800,64,273; 1810,72.674; 1820, 72,749 ; 1830, white males 28,845 ; white females 28,756 ; black males 7,S82; black females 7,973 ; slaves, males 1,806; females 1,486; total, 76,748. Seat of Government Dover; population in 1830, 1,500; distance from Washington 114 miles. Election 1st. Tuesday in October — general ticket. Electoral votes 3. Governor, David Hazzard, salary $l,333i Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. Wilmington, . . 6,638 dist. from Washington, 110 m. New Castle, . . 1,505 Smyrna, . . l,25t> Milford, . . 1,200 Lewistown. . . 1.150 Georgetown, . . 1,100 Slate Revenue, $26,000 No. of people in common, 5,500 Length of the Delaware and Chesa- a eake Canal, 14 m. Cost of the canal, $2,000,0u0 North part of the state undulating; centre level; south low and watery. Staple produce, wheat, best in the world. Cyprus Swamp affords timber. Bog ore is supposed to be plenty. In this state the expenses of the National and State Governments impose a heavy tax upon the whole body of the people. On the Brandy wine, near Wilmington, there are some of the best flour mills, cotton mills, and paper mills, in the Union. XI. MARYLAND. This branch of the United States is a part of the old south Vir- ginia grant. Charles 1st gave it to George Calvert, (Lord Balti- more) of Ireland, in 1632. In 1634, the governor, Leonard Calvert, son of George, landed on the Potomac, with 200 families, and built the town of St. Ma- ry's, on the Potomac. The province was called Maryland, in honour of the queen, Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry the Great, of France. The first settlers were allowed 50 acres of land each, in fee simple, and full liberty of conscience. Population was rapid. 2S Statistical View The first legislature assembled at St. Mary's in the year 1638. A bloody war occurred with the natives in 1642. The legislative body was divided into an upper and lower house in 1650. A mint was established by C. Calvert, and money coined, in 1662. African slaves were imported and sold, in 1672. Seat of government removed to Annapolis, where it has since remained, in 1699. The city of Baltimore was founded August 8th, 1729. The people protested against British encroachments, 1769. Mean length, 119 miles ; mean breadth, 91 ; number of square miles, 10,829 ; number of acres, 6,931,560; number of counties, 19. Grand division, Eastern and Western Shores. Population, 1790, 319,728 ; 1800, 341,548 ; 1810, 380,546 ; 1820, 407,350; 1830, white males, 146,340; white females, 143,768; black males, 24,906 ; black females, 28,032 : slaves, males, 53,442 ; females, 49,552 ;— total, 447,040. Seat of government, Annapolis ; population, 1830, 3,000 ; dis- tance from Washington, 37 miles. Election, 1st Monday in Oc- tober — district. Electoral votes, 11. Governor, T. H. Carroll; salary, $3,500. Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. Baltimore - - 80,625 Cumberland - - 2,541 dist. from Washington, 38 m. j Charleston - - 2,360 Fredericktown - 6,500 Cambridge - - 2,167 Hagerstown - - 4,120 No. Batiks - 12 Snow Hill - - 3,316 ' Baltimore Library, vols. 10,000 The extreme west of this state is rough, the central regions un- dulating, and the east low and unhealthy. Staple productions, corn, wheat, and tobacco. The people are hospitable. Slaves do the labour. The wealthy well informed, but the poor are ignorant. XII. VIRGINIA. Virginia is the most ancient, extensive, and distinguished state in the Union. Her heroes and statesmen have filled a large place in the field and the cabinet of the country, a.id now stand foremost on the page of history. The coast of this state was visited by sir Walter Raleigh's squadron, on the 4th of July, 1584. It was called Virginia, in honour of the old maid, queen Eliza- beth, who issued the patent for the discovery. of the several United States. 29 James 1st divided the territory into E. and W. Virginia, 1606. A company of 105 persons settled at Jamestown, in 1607. Thomas West, (lord De La War,) was made governor, 1609. The colony numbered about 650, in 1612. Young ladies were brought out and sold for wives, in 1620. The Dutch brought slaves to this colony, in 1621. Carolina was set offa separate province, in 1630. Cromwell sent a force to reduce the colony to obedience, in 1651. The laws and church of England were adopted in 1661. The Dutch made war on the colony in 1673. William and Mary's college was founded in 1691. The tithes were paid to the clergv in tobacco in 1712. The war with the French and Indians occurred in 1754. Defeat of general Braddock took place 1756. Patrick Henry's famous resolutions passed 1765. Constitution of the state formed July 5th, 1776. Arnold's visit and pillage, 1781. Surrender of Cornwallis, October 19th, 1781. This state freely sent her troops to the war of 1812. The constitution of 1776 was revised by a convention, 1829. Mean length, 320 miles ; mean breadth, 200 ; number of square miles, 64,560 ; number of acres, 41,654,200 ; number of counties, 105. Population, 1790, 748,308; 1800, 880,149 ; 1810, 974,622; 1820, 1,065,379 ; 1830, white males, 347,887 ; white females, 346,413 ; black males, 22,387 ; black females, 24,961 ; slaves, males, 239,- 077; females, 23,680 ;— total, 1,211,405. Seat of government, Richmond ,- population, 1830, 16,085 ; distance from Washington, 123 miles. Election, 1st Monday in April — general ticket. Electoral votes, 23. Governor, John Floyd ; salary, $3,333i. Population of the largest tovms, fyc. 1830. Norfolk : 9,816 dist. from Washington, 219 m. Petersburg . . . 8,320 Lynchburg .... 6,712 Wheeling . . . 5,220 Winchester .... 4,310 Fredericksburg . j 3,307 West part, hilly, good soil ; middle, undulating, good soil ; south, low, and poor. Staple articles, wheat, tobacco, pork, coal, some gold. The great men of which this state makes boast, are Washing- ton, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe. 31 30 Statistical Vieio XIII. NORTH CAROLINA. The regions of country now known as the state of N. Carolina were once held by about 6,000 Indians, of whom the Tuscarora tribe were the most powerful. The ships of Charles 9th, of France, explored the coast of this state in the year 1563, and from him the name is derived. A colony was planted on the island of Roanoke in 1585, but left the following year. The state was separated from Virginia in the year 1630. It was first peopled at Cape Fear, by John Yeamans, in 1665. The first assembly met at Albermarle, in the year 1669. The state was divided into counties in 1632. The protestant religion was established in 1715. The crown bought the province for $33,334, in the year 1719. It was divided into North and South Carolina in the year 1729. The rebellion of the "Regulators," 1,500 strong, occurred in 1756. The battle of Moor's Creek Bridge occurred 1776. The battle of the Waxhaw 1780. The battle at Guilford Court-house 1781. Mean length, 362 miles ; mean breadth, 121 ; number of square miles, 43,812 ; number of acres, 28,033,280 ; number of counties, 64. Population, 1790, 393,751 ; 1800, 479,103 ; 1810, 555,500 ; 1820, 638,829 ; 1830, white males, 235,954 ; white females, 236,889 ; black males, 9,561 ; black females, 9,982 ; slaves, males, 124,313; females, 121,288 ;— total, 737.987. Seat of government, Raleigh ; population, 1830, 2,300 ; dis- tance from Washington, 288 miles. Election, 1st Monday in August — general ticket. Electoral votes, 15. Governor, M. Stokes ; salary, ,$2,000. Population of the largest toxons, 1830. Newbern - - - 4,310 dist. from Washington, 337 m. Fayettevilie - - - 4,2 JO Wilmington - - - 3,10(1 Washington - - - 2,050 The interior of this state is hilly, and of good soil ; the central regions less so, and less fertile ; while the south is low, marshy, and partly fruitful in cotton, rice, and sweet potatoes. The people are mostly planters. Her gold mines, in which almost daily discoveries are made, have attracted to her bosom many adventurers, who have contri- buted to increase her population and physical strength. Fdenton - 1,862 No Banks, 4. — Capital $2,600,000 In Impt. Fund 75,912 Amount GjJd 1832 $352,800 of the several United States. 3 1 XIV. SOUTH CAROLINA. This state was attached first to Virginia, and then to Carolina, and finally became a separate province, by the above title, in 1729. Port Royal was first settled by governor Sayle, with a colony, in 1670. He founded Old Charleston, on the Ashley river, 1671. And the present town of Charleston in 1630. When Sayle first landed, the country was held by 28 tribes of natives : the Cherokees and Creeks were the most powerful. 26 tribes have been destroyed, and the other two driven off, and the country divided into counties, in 1632. Rice was introduced from Madagascar by governor T. Smith, in 1683. The church of England established in 1703. War with the French and Spaniards of Florida occurred in 1706. War with the Indians and Spaniards occurred in 1715. The people put themselves under the care of the king in 1719. The crown purchased the province 1729. The negro insurrection occurred in 1740. Indigo introduced by a Miss Lucas in 1743. Outrages of the Cherokees in 1752. The sale of British teas sent to Charleston forbid, 1767. Militarv stores taken by the British governor in 1774. Fort Sullivan assaulted bv the British, but driven off, in 1776. Charleston taken by the British 8,000 strong, May 16th, 1780. Battle of Camden fought August 16th, 1780. Battle of the Cow Pens, January 17th, 1781. Battle of Ninety-six, May 22, 1731. Battle ofEutaw Springs, September 8th, 1781. Charleston left by the British, December 13th, 1783. Present constitution formed in 1790. Mean length, 190 miles ; mean breadth, 160 ; number of square miles, 30,190 ; number of acres, 19,561,210 ; number of counties, 29. Population, 1790,240,173; 1800,345,591 ; 1310,415,160; 1320, 502,741; 1330, white males, 130,590; white females, 127,273; block males, 3,672 ; black females, 4,249 ; slaves, males, 155,469 ; females, 159,932 ;— total, 581,185. Seat of government, Columbia; population, 1830,4,000; dis- tance from Washington, 500 miles. Election, 2d Monday in October — legislature. Electoral votes, 11. Governor, Robert Y. Hayne ; salary, $3,900. Statistical View Population of the largest towns, fyc. 1830. Charleston - - 30,289 dist. from Washington, 544 m. Georgetown - - 3,500 Camden ... 3,0110 Beaufort - - 2,500 Employed in Agriculture 162,090 Employed in Manufactures 6,980 Commerce 2,890 Bales cotton raised in 1827 221,003 Tierces Rice do. 108,533 Charleston City Library, vols. 13,000 Amount of Exports 1832 $12,560,000 This state is generally low, and occasionally marshy. Staple productions, cotton, rice, and naval stores. The people are dis- tinguished for their love of liberty and high sense of honour. Soon after the peace of 1783, this state founded several schools and colleges, and subsequently the University of South Carolina, but they have not flourished. XV. GEORGIA. The region of country called Georgia, with a part of S. Carolina., constituted a portion of the Florida of the early Spaniards, and the Virginia, and subsequently the South Virginia, of the early English. It was the hunting-ground of the Creeks, whose population amounted at one period to 29,000 souls, and whose warriors ex- ceeded 8,000 The grant was made in 1 732, by George 2d, to James Oglethorp, and 20 others, who, with 116 settlers, landed on the Yamacraw BlufT, February 9th, and founded the present city of Savannah. A. D. 1733. James Oglethorp's war on Florida occurred in 1740. Spanish descent on Georgia followed in 1742. First legislative assembly convened to make laws in 1755. George 3d extended the province to St. Mary's river in 1763. This state confederated with the other states in 1775. British army, under colonel Campbell, reached and took Savan- nah, in 1778. In an attack upon the city, count Pulaski fell mortally wounded, 1779. The British left the cily in June, 1782. The state adopted a federal constitution in 1785. The state revised this constitution in 1789. The state adopted its 3d constitution in 1798. Sale of lands to the United States by the Creek nation, in 1802. Mean length, 300 miles ; mean breadth, 195 ; number of square miles, 58,210 , number of acres, 37,248,361 : number of counties, 78. of the several United States. 33 Population, 1790, 82,54S ; 1S00, 162,101 ; 1810, 252,433 ; 1820, 340,987; 1830, white males, 153,288; white females, 143,518; black males, 1,261 ; black, females, 1,225 ; slaves, males, 108,817 ; females, 108,714 ;— total, 516,823. Seat of government, Milledgeville ; population, 3,500 ; dis- tance from Washington, 624 miles. Election, 1st Monday in October — general ticket. Electoral votes, 11. Governor, Wilson Lumpkin ; salary, $3,000. Population of the largest toivns, fyc. 1830. Savannah . . . 7,843 dist. from Washington, 858 m. Augusta . • 6,690 Darien . ; . 2,314 The state of Georgia has 6 banks. Number of bales of cotton exported in 1827, 304,714. Average price per bale, $30— $6,141,420. The castor-oil bean is raised to great effect. Athens . 2,161 Washington 2,100 St. Mary's 2,000 No. Common Schools 760 XVI. ALABAMA. This state is another portion of the Florida of the early Spaniards; but subsequently called the Mississippi Territory. Its name is taken from one of the principal rivers which pass through its precincts. Some parts of this state lying- next to Georgia, were settled im- mediately after the Revolutionary war; but it was not erected into a territorial government until 18J.7. From that period its growth, both in population and wealth, was unusually rapid. It was made a member of the United States in 1819. The mean length of this state is, 275 miles ; and the mean breadth 185. Number of square miles 50,875; number of acres 32,560,000; number of counties 37. Population in 1800,8,851; 1810,31,502; 1820,127,901; 1830, white males 100,846; white females 89,560; black males 844; black females 728; slaves, males 59,170; females 58,379; total, 309,527. Seat of Government Tuscaloosa; population in 1830 2,500; dis- tance from Washington 858 miles. Election 1st. Monday in Au- gust — general ticket. Electoral votes 5. Governor, John Gale, salary, $2,000. Population of the largest toivns, if c. for 1830. Mobile, . . 5,200 J Cahawba, . . 3,050 dist. from Washington, 1,086 in. Huntsville, . . 1,830 Blakely, . 3,210 J 4 34 Statistical View The north part of the state is moderately hilly ; the middle re- gions beautifully undulating ; and the south low and level. The soil is generally of the first quality ; the staple productions are cot- ton and rice. Many kinds of fruits grow to great perfection. In this state lives a remnant of the Cherokee tribe of improved character and correct habits ; they have adopted a regular form of government, and have courts of justice. Their principal town is New Echota; amount of lands in acres^ 9,519,166. Gtuite in the west are a few Chicasaws, who say they have never shed the blood of a white man. This state has recently built a college at " Mair's Spring," a mile and a half from the seat of government. XVII. MISSISSIPPI. This is another new state, which, long after our government was framed, remained the " hunting ground of the natives." Its name comes from the river which washes its western borders; and some of its soil and streams are held by tht Chicasaws, who have fields, flocks, schools, churches, and public houses. It was first settled by Ferdinand Soto, from Cuba, with 900, in 1539. General R. Putnam made an effort to plant it in 1769. Soon after this event the town of Natchez was built. Of this place the British took possession in the name of the king, in 1779. The province was erected into a territorial government, in 1S00. It was admitted into the Union a free state, in 1817. The natives possess some of the most fruitful parts. Amount of acres, 16,885,760. All of which the United States Government is bound to vacate when practicable. Mean length 275 miles; mean breadth 165; number of square miles 46,000 ; number of acres 30,260,000 ; number of counties 26. Population in 1820,75,448; 1830, white males 38,466; white females 31,977; black males 288; black females 231; slaves, males 33,099; females 32,560; total, 136,627. Seat of Government Jackson ; population in 1830, 2,000 ; dis- tance from Washington 1036 miles. Election 1st. Monday in Au- gust — general ticket. Electoral votes 3. Present Governor, Abra- ham M. Scott, salary, $2,500. Population of the largest towns, fyc.fer 1830. Natchez, . . 4.000 dist. from Washington, 12G8 m Washington, . 2 500 Monticeilo, . . 2,300 Liberty, . . 1,560 Elliot, . . J,250 Port Gibson, . 1,200 Woodviile, . . 1,100 of the several United States. 35 XVIII. LOUISIANA. Louisiana was first visited by F. Soto in 1541. Named after Louis XIV. of France, by De La Salle, in 1682. Attempted settlement bv DeLa Salle — 170 planters all destroyed in 1684. Attempted settlement by M. Ibberville, which failed in 1689. " " Crozart for trade, in 1703. First settlement, Orleans' Island, by John Low & Co., in 1717. France sold the whole for $15,000,000 to the U. States in 1803. A territorial government established under Governor Claiborne, in 1804. The territory became a free state in the Union in 1811. Attacked by the British, 12,000 strong, who were repulsed by Gen. A. Jackson, January 8th, 1815. The General lost but 7 men, the British nearly 3,000. Mean length 240 miles ; mean breadth 200; number of square miles 49,161; number of acres 31,463,000; number of counties 31. Land owned by the United States, 25,364,000 acres. Population in 1810, 76,556; 1820, 153,417; 1830, white males 49,715; white females 39,506; black males 7,270; black females 9,480 ; slaves, males 57,91 1 • females 51,677 ; aliens not classed as to sex, 210; total, 215,739. Seat of Government New Orleans; population in 1830 48,674; distance from Washington 1260 miles. Election 1st. Monday in July — legislature. Electoral votes 5. Governor, A. B. Roman, salary, $7,500. Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. Baton Rouge, - 3,503 dist from Washington, 1237 m Alexandria, - - 2,100 St. Francisville, - 1,80J St Martinsville, - 1,650 DonaldviNe, - - 1,300 Marksville, - - 1,200 Ain't, of ship tonnage, 1829, 204,460 North-west part of this state is broken but good soil. Centra! parts level, but good sugar land. South generally low, wet, un- healthy. This state passed alaw in 1826, prohibiting the increase of slaves. The staple articles of export are sugar, molasses, and cotton. In 182S there were exported from New Orleans, bales ol catton 304,848. Worth on an average $30 per bale, $9,145,440. During the same period were shipped, hhds. tobacco, 35,112. Worth on an average $65 per hhd. $2,280,280. Whole amount of sugar for 1828, was 87,965. Whole amount of molasses, 39,874. 36 Statistical View Produced on the farm of Gen. Wade Hampton, 1,640 hhds. sugar. Also upon the same farm, 750 hhds. molasses. XIX. TENNESSEE. This state takes its name from its most important river which was applied while it was a territory of North Carolina. As early as 1750, the Shawanees driven from Georgia by Governor Ogle- thorp, planted a home on the spot where Nashville now stands. Here they were beset by the Cherokees, and almost annihilated. In 1757, some hardy pioneers planted a town on the river Wa- tauga, near where Fort Loudon subsequently stood. In 1760, the Indians fell upon this town and destroyed most of the inhabitants. Col. Grant, inflicted a severe punishment for this outrage in 1761, and brought the natives to treaty stipulations. In 1776, the British agents, Stewart and Cameron, excited the Cherokees to make war on the colonies ; but the Kanhawa tribe opposed them and befriended the colonies. In the convention called to establish a provincial government,- delegates for the first time appeared from Watauga, 1777. Courts of Justice were first established in this province, 17S2. The whole territory was ceded to the United States in 1784. It was erected into a territorial government. Territory south of Ohio, 1785. The territory became an independent state, 1796. Present constitution adopted at Knoxville, February 6th, 1797. Mean length 430 miles ; mean breadth 104 ; number of square miles 44,720 ; number of acres 28,620,800. Owned by the United States, 3,000,000; number of counties 64. Population in 1790, 35,791; 1800, 105,602; 1810, 261,727; 1820, 422,813; 1830, white males 275,066; white females 260.680; black males 2,330; black females 2,225; slaves, males 70,216; females 71,387; total, 681,904. Seat of Government Nashville; population in 1830 6,566; dis- tance from Washington, 727 miles. Election 1st. Tuesday in Au- gust — district. Electoral votes 15. Governor, William Carroll, salary, $2,000. Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. Knoxville, - - 3,642 Franklin, - - 2,361 dist. from Washington, 516 m. Carthage, - • 2,350 Muifreesboro, - - 3,321 A m't. Export cotton, bales, 50,000 Fayetteville, . . 2,612 Number of colleges, - 5 of the several United States. 37 The east part of the state is hilly ; west level ; all good soil. The staple articles are cotton, tobacco, iron, salt, &c. Climate healthy. XX. KENTUCKY. The state of Kentucky was originally included in the grant of Virginia, and for many years held as an appendage. It was first explored by Daniel Boone, in 1770. The first settlement was made at Lexington, in 1775. The natives were driven out by Gen. Clarke, in 1778. It was erected into a separate district, styled Kentucky, in 1782. Transylvania University founded, 1784* A separation from Virginia was effected in 1786. The territory was admitted into the Union in 1792. Mean length 298 miles; mean breadth 135; number of square miles 42,000; number of acres 26,900,000 ; number of counties 83. Population in 1790, 73,077; 1800, 220,955; 1810, 406,511; 1820, 564,317 ; 1830, white males 267,123 ; white females 250,664 ; black males 2,652; black females 2,265 ; slaves, males 82,309 ; females 82,904; total, 687,917. Seat of Government Frankfort; population in 1830 3,310; dis- tance from Washington 565 miles. Eelection 1st. Monday in Au- gust — district. Electoral votes 15. Governor, Breathatt, salary, $2,000. Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1830. Louisville, - - 10,126 dist. from Washington, 590 m. Lexington, - - 6,0,8 Russelville, - - 2,517 Maysville, - - 2,362 Danville, - - 2,165 Baifdstown, - - 2,071 Library of Transylvania College, number of vols. 6,000 State Bank capital, $1,450,000 Nearly half of this state is hilly, the other half level and extreme- ly fertile. Horses, mules, hogs, sheep, and cattle are reared in abundance. Tobacco, hemp, and wheat are also cultivated. The people are rapidly rising in wealth and improvements. The present prospects of the people are, however, highly flatter- ing, and much is expected from the influence of great and good men, among whom may be ranked Mr. Henry Clay, and Mr. Richard M. Johnson. XXI. OHIO. The state of Ohio is said to resemble a gigantic youth, who hav- ving passed his teens with hurried pace, is rapidly striding on to vigorous manhood of commanding stature. 38 Statistical View Although but recently admitted a member of the Union, it has greatly eclipsed many of the Atlantic states which were deemed old while this was an unbroken forest. The first settlement was made by the French at Gallipolis in 1730. It came into the possession of the United States in 1786. The town of Marietta was planted by Rufus Putnam in 1788. A territorial government was established by Congress in 1788. Gen. Harmer defeated by the Indians at Chillicothe in 1791. Gen. St. Clair defeated by the Indians, Nov. 4th, 1791. Gen. Wayne defeated the Indians Aug. 20th, on the Miami in 1794. Greenville treaty with the natives by Gen. Wayne, in 1795. The state was admitted a member of the Union in 1802. The state framed and adopted her present constitution in 1803. Mean length 210 miles; mean breadth 185; number of square miles 39,000; number of acres 24,810,000. Of these the United States own 4,984,000; and the Indians 409,900. Population in 1790, 3,000; 1800, 45,365; 1810, 230,760; 1820, 581,434; 1830, white males 479,713; white females 448,6 1 6; black males 4,789 ; black females 4,779; slaves, males 1; females 5; total, 937,903. Seat of Government Columbus; population in 1830 5,000; dis- tance from Washington 396 miles. Election 2d. Tuesday in Octo- ber — general ticket. Electoral votes 21. Governor, salary, $1,200. Population of the largest towns, fyc.for 1S30, Cincinnati, - - 23,513 dist. from Washington, 497 in Chillicothe, - - 4,300 Zanesville, - - 4,0:0 Dayton, - . - 3,200 Steubenville, - 3,197 Am't.of exports, Cincinnati, 699,520 This state is neither hilly nor level, but charmingly undulating and greatly prolific. Wheal and tobacco are staple articles, and the country is rich in iron, coal, and salt. The horses amount in number to 151,142, valued at $5,644,300 Horned cattle, 318,047, 3,003,558 Whole military force, 112,783. To all that belongs to this charming country, nature has been peculiarly lavish ; to the fertility of the soil, she has added nume- rous broad rivers and meandering streams, beautifully sloping hills and broad valleys, crowned with forests of the most luxurious growth, all presenting the highest promise and most inviting scenery. Lancaster, 2,982 Marietta, 2,572 Hamilton, 2,500 Length of State Canals, 571m. Ccst of canals, $5,899,671 of the several United States. 39 XXII. INDIANA. This state bears in many respects a strong likeness to that of Ohio, though it is something more rugged"! and has more frequent and extensive savannas. The early Indian tribes were the Chickapows and Twigtwers who had 1,400 righting men. The French built the town of Vincennes in 1730. The United States took the town and fortified it in 1787. A territorial government was established in 1801. The Indians sold out principally in 1804. Battle of Tippacanoe, November 7th, under General Harrison in 1811. The territory was admitted into the Union in 1816. Indianapolis, the seat of the state government, was founded in 1821. Mean length 240 miles ; mean breadth 145; number of square miles 37,000; number of acres 23,680,000; number of counties 65. United States land 12,300,000. Indian lands 5,336,000. Population in 1800, 4,875; 1810,28,896; 1820,147.178; 1830, white males 175,885; white females 163,514; black males 1,875 ; black females 1,772; slaves— 3 females; total, 343,031. Seat of Government Indianapolis ; population in 1830 3,000 ; distance from Washington 630 miles. Election 1st. Monday in August — general ticket. Electoral votes 9. Governor, John Gayle, salary, $2,000. Population of the largest towns, SfC.for 1830. Vincennes, - 6,200 1 Washington, ■ . 2,610 dist. from Washington, 693 m. I Vevay, - - - 1,516 Madison, - - 3,500 ' Centreville, - - 1,500 The people of this state are collected from all parts of the world. Industry is a prominent feature; and the fertility offers ample scope for its indulgence. At Vevay is a Swiss colony, who cultivate the grape, in 1829, made 12,000 gallons. Iron ore, stone coal, and salt springs have been found. Epsom salts and the sulphate of magnesia, are found in abun- dance. In point of population this state ranks the 12th in the Union, and as it regards extent of territory, it is the 13th. Up to 1830, no pubile act had been entered upon for the establish- ment of schools, as the funds were then small. 40 Statistical View XXIII. ILLINOIS. This is the country where the once powerful and warlike Winne- bagoes held their hunts and their pawwas; and the remnant which is left, still claim a few thousand acres. It is said to be more level, but not less fertile than the two last mentioned states; and the savannas, (prairies,) are more extensive. The French planted the towns of Kaskaskia and Cahokia, in 1756. But were surrendered to the English, with Canada, in 1763. A Mr. Carver, and Mr. M'Kenzie, visited the country in 1768. And a Mr. Hutchins, who found the native warriors 5,00 strong, in 1780. The territory was ceded to the United States at the treaty of Pa- ris, in 1783. It was regarded as a part of the north-west territory in 1802. And erected a territorial government in 1809. > " Admitted into the Union, the 23d link of the Federal chain, in 1818. Mean length 365 miles; mean breadth 162; number of square miles'59,130;'number of acres 37,843,200. Of these the United States has, 23,575,300. The Indians, 6,424,640. Number of counties 56. Population in 1810,12,282; 1820,147,178; 1830, white males 82,048; white females 73,013; black males 824; black females 813; slaves, males 347; females 400; total, 157,445. Seat of Government Vandalia; population in 1830 3,000; dis- tance from Washington 868 miles. Election 1st Monday in Au- gust — district. Electoral votes 5. Governor, John Reynolds, salary, $1,000. Population of the largest toions, # c. for 1830. Kaskaskia, - - 4,305 dist. from Washington, 67G in. Cahokia, • • - 2,515 Alton, - - - 2,222 Albion, - - - 2,137 Brownsville, - - 1,535 Edwardsville, - - 1,212 Number of miners, - 12,200 This state has some of the best land in the world ; and some in- dustrious people to work it. The prairies offer great facilities ; and no state in the world ever settled with greater rapidity. For several years past the population of this state has increased at the rate, per annum of 12,000. The amount of lead obtained from the mines in this state up to 1830 inclusive, is estimated at 38,000,000 lbs. XXIV. MISSOURI. The state of Missouri is the youngest sister in the " Federal Family," and although " bought with "a price," is highly caressed and full of promise. It is a mere fractional part of the Louisiana territory. The town of St. Louis was built by the French in 1750. of the several United States. 41 New Madrid was founded by a company from New England, in 1806. The Indian title was vacated in 1808. This region was called the territory of Louisiana after 1811. It was erected into a territorial government in 1819. And admitted into the Union. March 5th, 1821. Mean length 272 miles ; mean breadth 222 ; number of square miles 65,500; number of acres 41,920,000; number of counties 33. Land owned by the United States, 35,263,541. Population in 1810, 20,845; 1820,66,586; 1830, white males 61,405; white females 53,390; black males 284; black females 285; slaves, males 12,493; females 12,652; total, 140,455. Seat of Government Jefferson; population in 1830 2,850; dis- tance from Washington 1019 miles. Electiou 1st. Monday in August — district. Electoral votes 4. Governor, salary, $1,500. Population of the largest toions, fyc.for 1830. St. Louis, - - - 5,852 dist. from Washington, 8G5 m. Franklin, - - - 2,713 St. Charles, - - 2,710 Potosi, - - - 2,566 New Madrid, - - 1,312 Herculaneurn, - - 1,200 Lands of lead mines, 2,000,000 Annual produce, 10,000,000 lbs. No. ol hands employed, 2,850 This state stretches upon the Mississippi 550 miles, and along the Missouri 380 miles. It appears from a late estimate, that the surface is something more extensive than old Virginia, and the population January 1st, 1833, 185,000. Its advantages are supposed to surpass those of Illinois. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. This district was ceded to the United States by the states of Ma- ryland and Virginia, for the seatof the General Governmentin 1790. It was surveyed and the city plotted by Ellicott, 1791. The corner stone of the present capitol was laid by Gen. George Washington in 1798. Temporary buildings were erected and Congress assembled in Captured and burned by the British, 7,000 strong under General Ross, in 1314. The foundation of the centre of the capitol was laid in 1818. Cost of the capitol before destroyed by the British, .... $1,389,445 Cost since the destruction in 1814, . 1,207,055 $2,596,500 " destroyed by the British in 1814, 347,518 of other public buildings, 364,861 712,379 4* $3,308,879 42 Statistical View Mean length of the District 10 miles ; mean breadth 10 ; number of square miles 100; number of acres 64,000; number of counties 2. Annual session of Congress, 2d. Tuesday in December. Population in 1800,14,093; 1810,24,023; 1820,33,039; 1830, white males 13,647; white females 13,916; black males 2,645; black females 3,507; slaves, males 2,852; females 3,267; total, 39,843. Population of the largest toivns, fyc.for 1830. Washington, . 18,823 Height of the centre dome, 120 ft. Georgetown, . 9,141 Diameter of the rotunda, 90 Alexandria, - 6,H9 Heighth of the rotunda, 90 President's House, length of feet, Length of senate chamber, 72 Breadth, 85 Heighth of senate chamber, 42 Heighth including basement, 72 Length of the House of Represen- Length of Capitol, front, 350 tative's hall, 95 Depth of the wings, 121 Heighth of the House of Represen- East projection, 65 tative's hall, 60 West projection, 85 National Library, 13,500 vols. Heighth of the wings, 83 The city of Washington is laid out upon an improved and exten- sive plan, and when fully built up, will be surpassed by no city in the old world. The great thoroughfares through it, are called avenues, and named after the several states ; that of Pennsylvania, which leads from the capitol to the President's house, is at present the most noted. The city is in its infancy and appears much the most, imposing while Congress is in session. A canal is now constructing, which contemplates a water communication between this city and the Ohio river, which when completed will impart a new face to the commercial transactions of the capital of the republic. UNITED STATES' TERRITORIES. I. MICHIGAN TERRITORY. The territories of the United States are under the direction of the Supreme Executive power, which appoints in each a governor and legislative council. Michigan is the oldest of these appendages, and has lately had some proceedings relative to being admitted into the Union the 25th member. It was first planted by the French in 1647. of the several United States. 43 The natives called the Hurons amounted to about 4,000. The Roman priests went to teach them religion in 1648. The whole territory surrendered to the English in 1763. Provisions for its surrender to the U. States was made in 1783. This surrender was concluded under the title of "Fort Wayne," in 1796. The territorial government was founded by the title of Michigan, in 1805. It was surrendered to the English by Governor Hall, August 16th, 1812. Battle of the river Raisin, January 22d, 1S13. Defeat of Proctor and Tecumseh, and recapture of Detroit, Octo- ber 5th, 1813. Gen. Lewis Cass, appointed governor of the territory in 1814. Mean length 350 miles ; mean breadth 200 ; number of square miles 54,000; number of acres 34,560,000. Owned by the United States 16,400,000. By natives 7,400,000. Population in 1810, 4,760; 1820,8,896; 1830, white males 18,168; white females 13,178; black males 159; black females 102; slaves, males 22; females 10; total, 31,639. Detroit, the seat of Government — 506 miles from Washington. White population in 1830 2,567. Population of Mackinaw 1,800. Population of Frenchtown 1,200. II. HURON TERRITORY. This is a portion of the north-western territory, which is still un- der the government of Michigan, though about to be formed into a separate territory. This tract of country is said to be unusually rich in mineral pro- ductions ; copper, lead, and iron, are the most abundant. The towns are mere military posts, the largest of which is that of Green Bay, though some in the south are more popular. The territory is estimated to contain 88,750 square miles, and 56,800,000 acres, which is one-fourth more than all New England. The whole population, including the natives, may be 8,500. III. WESTERN TERRITORY. The great western territory is the principal portion of the Louis- iana purchase of 1803, and has lately been divided into Missouri territo y, lying in the east, and Oregon territory embracing the west. The former extends from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and the latter from the mountains to the Pacific Ocean. 44 Statistical View It is supposed to contain as much or more territory than all the other possessions of the United States, say 1,000,000'square miles, or 640,000,000 acres. These regions are inhabited principally by native tribes, of which there are supposed to be about 250,000. The most powerful are the Osage, Blackfoot, and Snake tribes. In some parts of this vast tract, the soil is extremely rich; the fir-tree grows to the height of 250 feet. In other parts there are high barren plains, destitute of shrubs and trees, and resembling the Steppees of Chinese Tartary. During Mr. Jefferson's first administration, Messrs. Lewis and 1 Clarke made a tour through this territory to the Pacific Ocean. Several companies have since made the tour for hunting purposes, and a settlement has been effected on the Columbia River, which is about to receive large accessions from the New England states. IV. ARKANSAS TERRITORY. This is another portion of the Louisiana purchase, and takes its name from its principal river. The town of Arkansas was planted by a Mr. Tonte in 1685. The territory was ceded to the United States by the Q,uapaws, in 1819. The town of Little Rock was planted in 1819. The territory was erected into a territorial government, March 2d, 1819. Mean length 500 miles ; mean breadth 240 ; number of square miles 121,000; number of acres 77.440,000; number of counties 26; but annually increasing as the country populates. Population in 1820, 14,275; 1830, white males 14,195; white females 1 1,476 ; black males 88; black females 53 ; slaves, males 2,295 ; females 2,283 ; total, 30,388. Seat of Government Arkopolis; distance from Washington 1,300 miles. Population in 1830 2,750; Little Rock, 1,313; Frank- lin, 1,396. In this territory there are about 70 hot springs, having medicinal qualities, and an extensive plain of beautiful white salt, eight inches deep. The range of Ozark Mountains pervade the western parts. Steamboats ply on the Arkansas River with great effect. V. FLORIDA TERRITORY. The English first claimed this region as discovered by Cabot in 1497. Juan Ponce de Leon landed on the coast, in 1512. of the several United States. 45 Lucas Vasques attempted a settlement — all lost, in 1524. P. de Norvaez with 400 landed — all lost, in J 528. Liese F. Soto, Pizarro's officer, from Cuba, landed in 1539. John Ribault, Admiral Colony's agent, came out and built a fort in 1553. Admiral Coligny sent a 2d. colony — all Protestants, in 1554. Philip II. of Spain, sent 500 men, and butchered the colony, in 1556. D. deGaurgues, of France, with 150 men, avenged the butchery, in 1563. Sir F. Drake plundered St. Augustine in 1586. Captain P. Davis, of Boston, Massachusetts, plundered it in 1635. Governor Moore, of Carolina, United States, made a descent on it in 1702. Gen. Oglethorp, of Georgia, made another descent in 1740. The whole ceded to the crown of England in 1763. The territory was taken by Spain and held, 1783. It was invaded by the United States troop under Gen. Jackson, in 1818. The whole was ceded by Spain to the United States for debt, $6,000,000, in 1S19. It was erected into a territorial Governmentby Congress, in 1822. Mean length 335 miles; mean breadth 150; number of square miles 57,750; number of acres 36,960,000. Of these the United States own 29.700,000 ; the natives, 4,000,000; and Gen. La Fay- itte 23,000. Number of counties 16. Population in 1830. white males 10,236; white females 8,149; ilack males 383; black females 461; slaves, males 7,985 ; females r',516; total, 34,730. ' Seat of Government Tallahassa ; population in 1830 2,633 ; distance from Washington 896 miles. Pensacola, 3,100; distance from Washington 1050 miles. St. \ugustine, 1,767. • The country produces the live oak, the best ship timber known. Here too the magnolia grows 100 feet high ; conical top covered vith flowers, from 13 to 20 inches in diameter. 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