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HISTORY 
 
 Fifty-second Regiment 
 
 Massachusetts Volunteers 
 
 BY THE CHAPLAIN 
 
 J. F. MOORS 
 
 ( A."-,. 10 1893 
 
 BOSTON 
 
 Press of George H. Ellis, 141 Franklin Street 
 
 1893 
 
 CoV.'^ 
 
_-.l^ 
 
 
 COPYRIGHT 
 
 BY J. F. MOORS 
 
 lS93 
 
r 
 
 TO THE MEMBERS OF THE 52D REGIMENT. 
 
 ;^' /^^ RATEFUL for many acts of kindness extended to me, it 
 
 I gives me great pleasure to put on record some of thie 
 
 incidents of our brief but eventful campaign in Louisiana. 
 1 hope you will receive this in the spirit of charity and good 
 will which has marked all your intercourse with the chaplain. 
 
 J. F. M. 
 
6 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 {e) That Chaplain Moors be requested to arrange the 
 material and prepare the book for publication. 
 
 (/) A sub-committee was appointed of one from each 
 company to secure the facts for the personal sketches, 
 which they have done according to the best of their ability, 
 though in many cases they have been unable to secure the 
 returns. 
 
 J. B. Whitmore. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 I. Organization and Camp Miller 9 
 
 II. The "Illinois," 16 
 
 III. Baton Rouge, 29 
 
 IV. Baton Rouge, with an Account of the Plaque- 
 
 mine Expedition, 43 
 
 V. Baton Rouge, 61 
 
 VI. The March to Port Hudson, 68 
 
 VII. March back from Port Hudson, 81 
 
 VIII. The Cotton Raid, 91 
 
 IX. Baton Rouge to Brashear City, 98 
 
 X. Up the Teche.— Brashear City to Indian Ridge 
 
 or Irish Bend, iii 
 
 XI. Up the Teche. — Indian Ridge to Opelousas, . . 121 
 
 XII. Opelousas to Barre's Landing, 129 
 
 XIII. Down the Teche, 140 
 
 XIV. Letters from New Orleans, 147 
 
 XV. New Iberia, 153 
 
 XVI. Port Hudson and Clinton, 159 
 
 XVII. Before Port Hudson, and the Assault on the 
 
 14TH OF June, 164 
 
 XVIII. Port Hudson, 177 
 
 XIX. The Surrender of Port Hudson, 186 
 
 XX. Col. Greenleaf's Account of a Foraging Expedi- 
 tion TO Jackson Cross-roads, 193 
 
 XXI. Within Port Hudson and the Journey Home, . . 201 
 Roster of the Regiment. 
 Notes. 
 
HISTORY OF THE ^2D REGIMENT MASSA- 
 CHUSETTS VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 ORGANIZATION AND CAMP MILLER. 
 [Greenfield to New York, Sept. 13 to Dec. 20, 1862.] 
 
 September, 1862. — The war was dragging slowly, wearisomely 
 on, and a half-year had passed since the stars and stripes had 
 been assailed by rebellious foes in the harbor of Charleston, S.C., 
 a year and two months since the disastrous defeat of (he Union 
 Army at Bull Run. The first impulse of enthusiasm resulting 
 from the firing upon Fort Sumter in April, 186 1, had carried us 
 hopefully through the first campaign, which ended in disaster and 
 shame in June, 1861. Then came the real hour of trial. This 
 country never saw so dark a week as that which followed that dis- 
 grace. " Are our men cowards when danger is to be faced ? " was 
 asked. "Will the North give up in despair, and yield principle and 
 honor ? " " No," was the emphatic reply. " We know we are right, 
 and we will prevail." Armies melted away like dew before the sun, 
 but new ones sprung up to take their places. Fifty thousand failed 
 in June, 1861. Two hundred thousand are in camp in December 
 of that year. Disaster followed next year on the peninsula ; but the 
 strength and courage of the loyal North had not been exhausted, 
 and in the public mind the determination was stronger than ever 
 to put down the rebellion and maintain, at all hazards, the unity 
 of the nation. 
 
 On the fourth day of August, 1862, an order was issued from 
 the War Department for a draft of three hundred thousand 
 troops, t-o serve nine months ; but the people and the State offi- 
 cials were opposed to a draft, and it was not resorted to, and the 
 call was for three hundred thousand volunteers. The quota de- 
 manded of Massachusetts under this call was nineteen thousand 
 and ninety men. The great number of men already in the ser- 
 vice made it more difficult to secure the additional nineteen thou- 
 
lO HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 sand and ninety. The demand for so large a force made this one 
 of the hardest and most anxious years of the war, alike to the 
 State and national government. But the work of recruiting was 
 entered upon with great alacrity and enthusiasm. It was ordered 
 that Hampshire and Franklin Counties should raise a regiment, 
 to be designated the Fifty-second. It is the story of this regi- 
 ment I am to try to tell in these pages. Enthusiastic war meet- 
 ings were held in every town and village of these two counties. 
 Every device was used to stir to greater heat the already awakened 
 flame of loyalty and patriotism. We shared the universal spirit of 
 the loyal North. The nation was fully aroused. Defeat at first 
 had been needed to accomplish this result. No one thought of 
 giving up, but joined in the exultant shout, "We are coming, 
 Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more." 
 
 I hope I may be able to give the outlines, at least, of a picture 
 of army life; for, though our experience was not a long one, it 
 was varied. We saw almost every variety of soldier's life. We 
 had an experience of the crowded transport, of monotonous camjD 
 life, of the exhausting march, of the terrible battle, of dishearten- 
 ing defeat, and of exulting victory. We knew what it was to have 
 our blood thrill at the sound of inspiring music : we knew what it 
 was to have the blood chill at sights of mortal agony. We saw a 
 portion of army life in all its aspects, except as prisoners of war. 
 We lost but two men as prisoners, and one of them reached home 
 before the rest of us : the other was never heard of after he was 
 captured. 
 
 The most earnest and soul-stirring appeals were made to the 
 young men to heed this call of their country in this hour of peril. 
 The appeal was to their pride, their love of adventure, their heroic 
 desire to do something in the great cause to which so many thou- 
 sands of their countrymen had given their lives. The most gener- 
 ous promises were made to the young men on condition of their 
 enlisting. They should have all the places of profit and honor 
 their fellow-citizens could furnish if they returned in safety. If 
 the fortunes of war were fatal, the public would watch over those 
 dependent on them, and see to it that they had every comfort a 
 grateful people could bestow. And every new recruit left the 
 war meeting loaded with bouquets of choice flowers, bestowed by 
 those he looked upon as the fairest and bravest of his acquaint- 
 ance. With this overflow of patriotic zeal, the ranks were 
 speedily filled, and on the thirteenth day of September the regi- 
 
ORGANIZATION AND CAMP MILLER H 
 
 ment was gathered together at Greenfield, with James L. Hartwell 
 as Post Commander, and a camp organized as Camp Miller, 
 named in honor of Major Ozro Miller, of the loth Regiment, who 
 had been killed at the battle of Fair Oaks, a personal friend of 
 Col. Greenleaf. 
 
 None of the companies had received their full quota when they 
 entered on camp life, but recruits came in ; and, when the regiment 
 was mustered and took the oath of allegiance, the ranks were 
 nearly full. 
 
 Capt. H. S. Greenleaf, of Shelburne Falls, Co. E, was chosen 
 colonel, and Lieut. Richmond was promoted to the vacant place. 
 Capt. J. J. Storrs, of Amherst, Co. G, was chosen lieutenant 
 colonel, Henry Winn, of Shelburne Falls, was elected major. 
 J, M. Decker, formerly lieutenant colonel of the loth Massachu- 
 setts Regiment, became adjutant ; E. C. Clark, of Northampton, 
 quartermaster; Dr. F. A. Sawyer, of Greenfield, surgeon; Dr. 
 J. H. Richardson, of Chesterfield, assistant surgeon ; Rev. J. F. 
 Moors, of Greenfield, chaplain ; Dr. Henry M. Sabine, of Lenox, 
 was added to the medical staff April 20, 1863 ; Henry M. Whit- 
 ney, of Northampton, sergeant major; Edward A. Whitney, of 
 Northampton, quartermasfer sergeant ; William W. Ward, of 
 Worthington, commissary-sergeant ; George D. Clark, of North- 
 ampton, hospital steward. 
 
 The ten companies were officered as follows : — 
 
 Co. A. — Alanson B. Long, Greenfield, captain; Eben S. Hurl- 
 burt, Bernardston, ist lieutenant; Franklin C. Severence, Green- 
 field, 2d lieutenant ; W. Scott Keith, Greenfield, orderly sergeant. 
 
 This company mustered 95 men. Of this number Greenfield 
 furnished 62 ; Bernardston, 19 ; Gill, 5 ; Shelburne, 3 ; Leyden and 
 Northfield, 2 each ; Hawley and New Salem, i each. Total, 95. 
 
 7 died in service. 3 were discharged for disability. 
 
 Co. B. — Alvah P. Nelson, Colrain, captain ; Leonard B. Rice, 
 Charlemont, ist lieutenant; John W. Buddington, Leyden, 2d 
 lieutenant ; Arthur A. Smith, Colrain, orderly sergeant. 
 
 This company mustered 94 men. Of these Colrain furnished 
 41 ; Charlemont, 20 ; Heath, 9 ; Leyden, S ; Rowe, 7 ; Monroe, 5 ; 
 Halifax, Vt., 3 ; Adams, i. Total, 94. 
 
 Died in service, 14. Discharged, i. 
 
 Co. C. — Mark H. Spaulding, Northampton, captain; Edwin C. 
 Clark, Northampton, ist lieutenant, commissioned quartermaster; 
 John R. Hillman, Northampton, ist lieutenant; Luther A. Clark, 
 
12 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Northampton, 2d lieutenant; Henry H. Strong, Northampton, 
 orderly sergeant. 
 
 Mustered 95 men. Of these Northampton furnished 79 ; East- 
 hampton, 3 ; Cummington, 3 ; Williamsburg, 2 ; Ware, South Deer- 
 field, Worthington, Northfield, Orange, Conn., Goshen, Westfield, 
 and Springfield, i each. Total, 95. 
 Died in service, 10. Deserted, 2. 
 
 Co. D. — Fred M. Patrick, Conway, captain (resigned Oct. 29, 
 1862); Horace Hosford, Conway, captain; Samuel F. Edwards, 
 Deerfield, ist lieutenant; Oliver P. Egerton, Conway, 2d lieuten- 
 ant ; Edward J. Hosmer, Deerfield, orderly sergeant. 
 
 The company mustered 96 men. Of these Deerfield furnished 
 39; Conway, 32 ; Whately, 17; Buckland, Lynnfield, South Had- 
 ley, New Salem, Hawley, Colrain, Prescott, Leverett, i each. 
 Total, 96. 
 
 Died in service, 16. 
 
 Co. E. — Halbert S. Greenleaf, Shelburne, captain (promoted 
 colonel) ; Josiah A. Richmond, Shelburne, captain ; Ansel K. Brad- 
 ford, Plainfield, I St lieutenant; Samuel H. Blackwell, Waterville, 
 Me., 2d lieutenant; Samuel A. Little, Buckland, orderly ser- 
 geant. 
 
 Mustered 91 men. Of these Shelburne furnished 27 ; Buckland, 
 26; Hawley, 17; Ashfield, 10; Charlemont, 2 ; Plainfield, Water- 
 ville, Me., Cheshire, Colrain, Northampton, Chesterfield, i each ; 
 Heath, 3. Total, 91. 
 
 Died in service, 10. Discharged, 3. 
 
 Co. F. — Lucian H. Stone, Montague, captain ; Alphonso Ballou, 
 Orange, ist lieutenant; Marshall S. Stearns, Northfield, 2d 
 lieutenant ; Samuel H. Crandall, Shutesbury, orderly sergeant. 
 
 Mustered its full quota of 100 men. Of these Orange furnished 
 29 ; Montague, 28 ; Northfield, 22 ; Leverett, 9 ; Shutesbury, 7 ; 
 Erving, 4; Wendell, i. Total, 100. 
 Died in service, 13. Discharged, 2. 
 
 Co. G. — Samuel S. Storrs, Amherst, captain (promoted lieu- 
 tenant colonel) ; George L. Bliss, Northampton, captain ; Justin P. 
 Kellogg, Amherst, ist lieutenant; Asa A. Spear, Amherst, 2d 
 lieutenant ; James W. Stebbins, Sunderland, orderly sergeant ; 
 Edgar J. Pomeroy, Sunderland, orderly sergeant at last. 
 
 Mustered 86 men. Of these Amherst furnished 42 ; Sunder- 
 land, 24; Pelham, 11; Leverett, 2; Montague, 2; Shutesbury, 
 Wendell, Conway, Northampton, Bernardston, i each. Total, 86. 
 Died in service, 8. Discharged, 4. 
 
ORGANIZATION AND CAMP MILLER 
 
 13 
 
 Co, H. — VVilliam Perkins, Hadley, captain; S. Alonzo Will- 
 iams, South Hadley, ist lieutenant; Malcolm Bridgman, Granby, 
 2d lieutenant ; H. Weston Smith, South Hadley, orderly 
 sergeant. 
 
 Mustered 93 men. Of these Hadley furnished 37 ; South 
 Hadley, 32 ; Granby, 16; Holyoke, 2 ; Hinsdale, N.H., 2 ; Chico- 
 pee, Williamsburg, Whately, Burke, N.Y., i each. Total, 93, 
 
 Died in service, 12, Deserted, i. 
 
 Co. I, — Charles E. Tileston, Williamsburg, captain; Lucius 
 C. Taylor, Chesterfield, ist lieutenant ; James W. Clark, North- 
 ampton, 2d lieutenant ; Edward F. Hamlin, Northampton, 
 orderly sergeant. 
 
 Numbered 90 men. Of these Williamsburg furnished ;^2 ; Ches- 
 terfield, 19; Cummington, 15; Northampton, 10; Greenwich, 6; 
 Whately, 4 ; Hawley, Hatfield, Goshen, i each. Total, 90. 
 
 Died in service, 8. Discharged, 2. 
 
 Co. K. — Edwin C. Bissell, Westhampton, captain; Lewis 
 Clapp, Easthampton, ist lieutenant ; Henry P. Billings, Hat- 
 field, 2d lieutenant ; Martin L. Williston, Northampton, orderly 
 sergeant. 
 
 Numbered 90 men. Of these Easthampton furnished 37 ; 
 Hatfield, 24; Southampton, 14; Westhampton, 12; Northamp- 
 ton, Shutesbury, Southboro, i each. Total, 90. 
 
 Died in service, 11. Discharged, 3. 
 
 ORDERS FOR SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 16. 
 
 Officer of the Day, Capt. Nelson. 
 Officer of the Guard, LlEUT. Kellogg. 
 Officer of the Picket, LiEUT. Williams. 
 
 To-morrow being the Sabbath, divine service will be held on the 
 ground at two o'clock. Dress parade immediately afterward. 
 
 Headquarters, Camp " Miller," 
 Special order ) Nov. 15, 1862. 
 
 No. 21. S 
 
 The colonel having received marching orders for Wednesday 
 morning, the 19 of Nov., 1862, commanders of companies are 
 ordered to have their companies in readiness to march at that 
 time. By command, 
 
 James L. Hartwell, 
 Lieut. E, C. Clark, Co77imanding Post. 
 
 Acting Post Adjiitattt. 
 
14 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 But few of the men or officers had any practical knowledge of 
 military affairs, and the time at Camp Miller was diligently spent 
 in securing the requisite information. On the whole, camp life 
 here was easy and pleasant, though, when rain or a snow-storm 
 came, and the tents were drenched with water, there was not a 
 little grumbling at the hard lot the men thought they were endur- 
 ing. It was afterward, when they encountered the real hardships 
 of the soldier's life, that the boys looked back upon Camp Miller 
 with changed feelings. The regiment remained at Camp Miller 
 till November 20, and in a cold rain-storm were taken by rail and 
 steamboat to New York. 
 
 Of life at Camp Miller not much is to be said. The days were 
 spent in company and battalion drill ; and in the nights, if some of 
 the farmers in the neighborhood lost their poultry and their green 
 corn, it was no more than could be expected. 
 
 Instead of attempting to recall the experiences of nearly thirty 
 years ago, I have preferred to avail myself of letters written at the 
 time to friends at home and journals kept from day to day, several 
 of which have been placed at my disposal. As far as possible I 
 want "the boys" to tell their own story in their own way. 
 
 I make here some extracts from the journal of Charles Church, 
 Co. H. 
 
 "The morning of September 30 was a momentous event in our 
 lives. We gathered in front of the old hotel in South Hadley, and 
 nearly the whole population of the village were on hand to bid us 
 good-by and God-speed. We were supplied with plenty of food, 
 huge bouquets, medicine, writing material, and many other things 
 we thought necessary, but afterwards found superfluous. Amid 
 the cheers, tears, and good wishes of the assembled crowd, we 
 climbed into the big wagon, and started off. We knew not what 
 was before us, or we should have shown some feeling not becom- 
 ing bold soldier boys. But we yelled for all we were worth, 
 waved our hats and bouquets, and were off for Northampton, 
 where we took the cars for Greenfield. Our camp was known as 
 Camp Miller, in honor of Major Miller of the loth Massachusetts 
 and a great friend of our colonel, who wore the sword carried by 
 the major when killed at Fair Oaks. 
 
 "I went on guard the next day after our arrival. It was a 
 comical experience. Coming to a fellow on beat, he was found 
 with his musket across his arm, as though he had been hunting. 
 In his unengaged hand he held a huge turnip, and, as he passed 
 
ORGANIZATION AND CAMP :\IILLER 15 
 
 his beat, gnawed away at his turnip. It was quite a distance from 
 the place where the turnip grew, but he communicated his order 
 to the new guard who had come to relieve him in this way. ' You 
 wanter walk from that ere stick to this ere one ; and, if you 
 are hungry, go over there and get a turnip.' We experienced 
 here our first snow-storm. The snow fell eight or ten inches, but 
 the Greenfield people provided stoves for every tent." 
 
 Daniel W. Lyman writes to the Northampton Gazette, Oct. 28, 
 1862 : — 
 
 "The week has been of considerable interest at Camp Miller. 
 The uniforms have been distributed, and the men are quite satis- 
 fied with their new suits from Uncle Sam. A beautiful banner was 
 presented to Co. A, in behalf of the ladies of Greenfield, by Miss 
 Ella Grinnell. On Sunday, Capt.— that is. Rev.— Mr. Bissell, 
 preached in the Second Congregational Church. On Thursday last, 
 the 20th, we broke camp at Greenfield. The morning dawned 
 upon us with a cloudy sky and a drizzling rain. The morning was 
 spent in packing, and at 2 p.m. came the order to "fall in." The 
 regiment formed into line and marched to the station by a cir- 
 cuitous route, that we might be seen by the good people of that 
 town. The great crowd assembled to see us depart." 
 
 '■'■Camp Aliller, November 20. — The day was rainy and unpleas- 
 ant ; but precisely at a quarter to three the regiment, numbering 
 930 men, formed a line with their knapsacks, haversacks, and can- 
 teens on, when the adjutant read the order for their departure for 
 New York. Then Col. Greenleaf's clear and manly voice gave 
 the word ' Attention, battalion, right first by sections, march ! ' 
 And under the escort of the Greenfield band it marched to the 
 depot and passed into the cars. Thousands of people thronged 
 the streets, ladies waving their handkerchiefs and the soldiers 
 cheering them. Thousands were gathered about the station, where 
 the regiment remained for about half an hour. There were tender 
 parting scenes during the time, — mothers parting with their only 
 sons, wives with husbands, and sisters with brothers. In this reg- 
 iment the very flower of Franklin and Hampshire Counties have 
 gone, many of them, to find their graves far from friends and 
 home, but all tilled with that love of country that makes them will- 
 ing to risk all for its welfare." — Greenfield Gazette. 
 
II. 
 
 THE "ILLINOIS." 
 [New York, November 20, to Baton Rouce, La., December 17, 1S62.] 
 
 If "the boys" thought they were playing soldier, and were oil 
 for a prolonged picnic, they were disabused of that idea when 
 they reached New York. The rain fell in torrents : no provision 
 had been made for their coming. They marched, dirty and hungry, 
 through the muddy streets to the Park, and toward morning are 
 let into the City Hall to get what rest they can on the stone floor, 
 
 — at least they are out of the rain and the mud. The next day 
 they march eight or nine miles through Broadway and Grand Street 
 over the ferry into Brooklyn to their camp on the old Union race 
 track. No tents, no overcoats : it was dreary and dismal enough. 
 The next day was Sunday, and the tents came, and the men were 
 busy pitching them in long rows. They floor them with rails 
 from the fences near by, and carpet them with straw and hay, and 
 in spite of rain and cold, raw winds, a measure of comfort is at- 
 tained. Thursday was Thanksgiving Day, and a strange Thanks- 
 giving it was to us. We ought to have had a religious service, but 
 did not till dress parade, when the chaplain, arrayed out with new 
 clothes and sash, read the Governor's proclamation and offered 
 prayer. 
 
 "In New York, where we landed, the rain had ceased to fall; 
 but it was a cold wind and a hard march of ten miles. Our clothes 
 were wet, weighed double what they ought to have done, and we 
 were green at our work. When we arrived at the Park on Long 
 Island, the ground was frozen solid, no tents had been provided, 
 and we had to sleep on the ground with no shelter but our 
 bla:nkets. It seemed to us that we had been on the down grade 
 continually; but we were a jolly crowd, and, when anything unusual 
 occurred, some one would shout, * Who takes the next bouquet ? ' 
 
 — one of the numerous stock phrases used at recruiting. 
 
 " After we had been in camp long enough to get immensely 
 hungry, some loads of cakes, cookies, and pies, were driven into 
 camp. The boys were not overloaded with money, but they all 
 
THE " ILLINOIS 
 
 17 
 
 took a notion just then to wearing haversacks. So they were 
 filled up by the rear of the wagons, while some one bartered with 
 the driver at the front. A good deal of food changed hands in 
 that way, but not much money. It is sad, no doubt ; but hungry 
 men will steal when food is within their reach." — Church's yoiinial. 
 
 The New York Mercury, November 26, pays this compliment to 
 the 52d Regiment, and describes the interesting scene of the 
 presentation of a flag to the regiment : — 
 
 "This regiment, commanded by Col. H. S. Greenleaf, em- 
 barked yesterday on board the steamer ' Illinois,' bound south on 
 the Banks expedition. It had been remarked that during their 
 stay in the city none have been found intoxicated. During two 
 days and nights after their arrival they stood in the mud and rain, 
 marched to Union course, their tents not having arrived, and but 
 few words of complaint were uttered. We speak for this regiment 
 a good name wherever they may be placed. It is made up of a 
 splendid body of men, raised principally in Franklin and Hamp- 
 shire Counties. On Tuesday last the regiment was presented 
 with a magnificent flag. The regiment was drawn up in a square, 
 and Col. C. K. Hawks made the presentation speech, of which 
 the following is the substance : — 
 
 "* Col. Greenleaf, Officers and Soldiers 0/ the c^2d Regiment, — It is 
 my agreeable duty, as it is my pleasure, to present to you in trust 
 a stand of national colors. It was expected that our distinguished 
 fellow-statesman, the commanding general of the expedition, Gen. 
 N. P. Banks, would have performed this agreeable task; but his 
 engagements are such as to preclude the possibility of his presence, 
 and I, as a mutual friend of the donor and recipient, have under- 
 taken it. Would that I possessed the language to express in 
 adequate terms the sentiments my heart would utter ! . . , The 
 colors bear the same relation to the soldier as honesty and integ- 
 rity do to manhood. It is the guiding star to victory. When in 
 the smoke and din of battle the voice of the officer is drowned in 
 the roar of artillery, the true soldier turns his eye to his color, 
 that he stray not too far from it, and, while it floats, is conscious of 
 his right and strength. In the name of our friend, I present you 
 with this banner, the emblem of our country. On the one side, a 
 full Union, with every star set and not a stripe erased ; on the other, 
 the insignia of the State from which you hail, the staff composed 
 of the bundle of rods by which we are taught to read, " In unity 
 there is strength." With full confidence that you will guard and 
 
l8 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 protect it, and return it with its honor unsullied, I now present it 
 to you. Take it, guard it as you would the honor of the mother, 
 wife, or friend you leave behind. Take it, and with it the prayers 
 and blessings of every Union-loving woman, man, and friend you 
 leave.' 
 
 " Col. Greenleaf responded as follows : — 
 
 " ' Accept, sir, my sincere and heartfelt thanks. Language 
 would fail, were I to attempt to express the affection I bear the 
 star-spangled banner or the sorrow I feel that it is being dis- 
 graced and trodden under the feet of rebels and traitors. I 
 accept the gift as presented not for myself alone, but in trust as a 
 flattering testimonial, as a good will towards the 52d Regiment, 
 which I have the honor not only to command, but in this instance 
 to represent. Whether we shall prove as worthy of this valuable 
 consideration at your hands, time and future events will deter- 
 mine ; but of one thing you may be assured, that it will be our 
 anxious endeavor so to act in the work that is before us that neither 
 you nor any other friend shall have occasion to blush at the 
 records of our deeds. We go forth on our country's call, not to 
 make for ourselves beds of roses, but to give battle to the un- 
 natural foes of our country, and to vindicate with our lives the 
 loyalty we profess. We go about the work that is given us to do, 
 carrying with us the fondest recollections of home and kindred and 
 friends. Even now, as we recall the many delights and associa- 
 tions of the past, our dear New England hills, our homes, our 
 wives, our children, our parents, our kindred, and linger for a 
 moment in the old orchard, in the meadows by the brook near 
 the old well, under the old elm, and around the family hearth- 
 stone, forgetting all else, we exclaim with the Irish bard, — 
 
 " ' " Long, long be our hearts with such memories filled, 
 Like the vase in which roses have once been distilled. 
 You may break, you may shatter the vase if you will, 
 But the scent of the roses will hang round it still." ' " 
 
 Friday, November 28. — We are ordered off, but shall hardly get 
 aboard ship before evening. All sorts of rumors about where we 
 are going. 
 
 On Board the Sfeamer "■' I/linois." — We are in pretty close 
 quarters, but are as comfortable as can be expected on board 
 a vessel with 1,200 men. Lieut. Edwin C. Clark, of Co. C, has 
 
THE '•' ILLINOIS " 
 
 19 
 
 been appointed quartermaster. I sent ashore Sunday morning 
 more than five hundred letters. 
 
 "Saturday, JVov. 29, 1862. — The bunks for privates are all 
 below the main deck, and after this fashion : the floor is all cov- 
 ered, except the alley-ways ; then a tier of shelves or boards put 
 about twenty inches above them, then another set of men, then 
 more shelves above them, and so on, one above the other, all in 
 the dark, where the men are obliged to stay most of their time, 
 and not allowed on the upper deck and only in one part of the 
 ship. There is too much difference between officers and privates. 
 The bunks are so near each other we cannot sit up in them. Our 
 rations are hard bread twice a day, an allowance of four crackers 
 to a meal. Have not used a knife, fork, or plate since I left Camp 
 Miller." — Corp. Stowe/Z's yournal. 
 
 Dear yudge Mattoo?i, — At three o'clock on Friday we formed 
 into line, and marched to Brooklyn. No time for supper. We were 
 crowded into a barge, and put aboard this steamer at nine o'clock. 
 We have 1,200 men on board, stowed away like cattle. I do not 
 know the terms aboard ship. I only know that we are four stories 
 deep, swarming with life. My time is very busy with letters. I 
 sent off seven hundred the day before yesterday and four hundred 
 yesterday. 
 
 "Dec. 3, 1862. — We hauled in our anchors, and steamed out of 
 New York Harbor. We have a splendid boat, the ' Illinois,' but 
 are very much crowded. It was a novel experience to most of us. 
 No land in sight, and we knew not when there would be. The sea 
 became very rough, and multitudes were very sick. The fact is, 
 most of us were dry-land sailors, though some had crossed the 
 Connecticut River once or twice. I was detailed for guard, and 
 ordered, with others, to report to the adjutant on the hurricane 
 deck. He tried to form us into line for what we came to know 
 afterwards very well, — namely, guard moujiting; but, every time the 
 steamer pitched over one of those huge waves, away forward we all 
 went, and most of us brought up lying on our stomachs, and, when 
 the head came up, we went rolling and staggering back like drunken 
 men. The adjutant laughed and scolded in the same breath, 
 although I think he enjoyed the situation. At last he cried out, 
 ' Well, if you can't stand still, sit down and see if you can sit still 
 long enough to be counted.' 
 
 "Our quarters are crowded, food was poor, somewhat limited in 
 quantity : the condensers were not large enough for such a multi- 
 
20 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 tude. So our tea and coflfee were well flavored with salt water 
 and grease. As we sailed up the Mississippi, we saw fine groves 
 of orange-trees well laden with fruit. Negroes were plenty on the 
 levees, who waved their tattered hats and rags, and cried out, 
 ' Bless de Lord ! ' They always did so, unless when called to do 
 some work; and then their lips would stick out so that you might 
 hang your hat on them, and they had 'the wus misery in their 
 bowels ' you ever saw." — ChurcJi's journal. 
 
 Following is an extract from an address delivered by Col. 
 Greenleaf at a reunion of the regiment at Williamsburg, Aug. 14, 
 1883: — 
 
 Comrades of the z^2d Regitnetit, — As probably is already known 
 to many of you, I was requested some time ago, by our worthy 
 Chairman of the Executive Committee, to give you to-day a chap- 
 ter or two of our army history, which, he had been informed, I 
 had prepared and delivered elsewhere ; and it affords me pleasure 
 to say that I am now here to comply with that request. 
 
 But I think it proper that I should premise my unpretending 
 effort by saying that this paper, which I now propose to read to you, 
 was originally prepared at the request of the George H. Thomas 
 Post, Grand Army of the Republic, of Rochester, N.Y., and that 
 it only takes us down to Brashear City on our return march from 
 Barre's Landing ; and that, although I have since continued this 
 imperfect narrative down to the time we took passage on board of 
 the old river steamer " Choteau " for our home voyage up the Mis- 
 sissippi, it is my purpose to leave you to-day at Barre's Landing, 
 as I prefer not to weary you with too long a story at any one time, 
 and do not wish to trespass upon the time that justly belongs to 
 others. 
 
 And I may say here that my main object in these opening 
 chapters was simply to give my Rochester friends some little idea 
 of the military service rendered by a regiment of Massachusetts 
 volunteers, composed of as good material as was ever mustered 
 into the service of the United States. I wish to tell a plain, 
 straightforward story of the army experiences of the 52d Regi- 
 ment, without exaggeration and without undue embellishment. 
 And I think it but due to you and to me to say further that, had 
 I originally prepared this paper for you instead of preparing it for 
 veteran strangers, I should naturally have generalized less than I 
 have, and have been more personal in many respects than I now 
 
THE "ILLINOIS 2 1 
 
 am ; but such as I have I now give you, with now and then a brief 
 interpolation, without further preliminary. 
 
 I presume, however, you will not expect me to generalize, 
 altogether, in what I have to say to-day, but rather that I will 
 describe, as best I may, some events which came under my own 
 observation during our brief term of military service ; and this I 
 propose to do, although I must say that I have little expectation 
 that such scenes as deeply interested and affected me, in those 
 dark days that " tried men's souls," can be so described by me as 
 to make them of any particular interest to the world at large. 
 
 But, however this may be, the 52d Regiment of Massachusetts 
 Volunteer Militia, numbering nine hundred and thirty strong, 
 which, by virtue of a military commission, I had the honor to 
 command, sailed with Gen. Banks from New York Harbor, on his 
 famous expedition to the Department of the Gulf, on the second 
 day of December, a.d. 1862. 
 
 This regiment, together with the i8th New York Battery, better 
 known, perhaps, as " Mack's Battery," of Rochester, N.Y., em- 
 barked on the stanch ocean steamer " Illinois," and steamed for 
 twenty-four hours in a southerly direction, under sealed orders ; 
 no one of the twelve hundred souls on board, in the mean time, 
 knowing whither we were bound, or when, if ever, we should 
 again return to our Western Massachusetts or Green Mountain 
 homes. 
 
 We had on board, in addition to the regiment and battery al- 
 ready mentioned, several distinguished gentlemen — Union refu- 
 gees from the State of Texas — who, by permission of Gen, 
 Banks, had taken passage with us in the expectation that we were 
 to be landed at Galveston. These gentlemen, — and among them 
 I remember especially, and with pleasure. Judge William Alex- 
 ander and Col. Haynes, of Texas Cavalry fame, — these gentle- 
 men, together with the commissioned officers of both commands, 
 occupied the steamer's cabin, and were made comparatively com- 
 fortable and happy throughout the voyage. But not so with the 
 rank and file : these poor fellows, notwithstanding the most urgent 
 protests made by myself, the surgeon, and by influential personal 
 friends of the regiment, to Gen. Banks, were packed on board 
 very much like sardines in a box, or, not to exaggerate, we will 
 say very much like so many Coolies on a Cuban slave-ship, so 
 that, with a very rough sea, — such as is to be expected on the 
 Atlantic coast in the month of December, — with nearly every one 
 
22 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 on board sea-sick, not even excepting the commissaries and cooks, 
 with hundreds in the "hold" who were not only painfully sea-sick, 
 but were also much of the time nearly stifled from the effect of 
 bad odors and worse air, — one can better imagine than describe 
 the discomfort, yea, misery, suffered by these unfortunate human 
 cattle on that memorable voyage to New Orleans and Baton 
 Rouge. 
 
 But at the appointed time — when twenty-four hours at sea — 
 our sealed orders were broken, in the presence only of the cap- 
 tain of the steamer, the captain of the battery, and the colonel of 
 the regiment, to find that the " Illinois," with all on board, to- 
 gether with the numerous other vessels of the fleet, was to report, 
 with the least possible delay, for further orders at Ship Island in 
 the Gulf of Mexico. Up to this time many of us, but especially 
 our distinguished Texas friends, had been led to believe that our 
 expedition was destined for some point on the coast of Texas ; 
 but now it seemed clear that our first objective point was else- 
 where, — and this much to the surprise and disappointment of the 
 latter, who were anxious to return and help sustain the Union 
 cause on the soil of their own State. 
 
 I recall one most tragic event on the passage. When about 
 midway on our voyage, we had what I many times had read about, 
 but never before witnessed, — "a burial at sea," — the most solemn 
 and impressive of any kind I had ever witnessed before, or that I 
 have since attended. 
 
 The poor lad Richmond, of Co. E, who had died from the 
 effects of sea-sickness and too close confinement, the night pre- 
 vious, was sewed up tightly in his woollen blanket, and placed 
 in a horizontal position on a wide plank, one end of which pro- 
 jected a little over the larboard bulwarks, while the other end, 
 a little higher, rested on an old box or other thing adapted to the 
 purpose. Heavy weights were attached to the feet. Then, there, 
 in the early morning, with the stars and stripes at ''half-mast" 
 floating over the inanimate dead, and with hundreds of mourning 
 comrades with uncovered heads and pale faces, gathered around, 
 the chaplain of the regiment extemporized an eloquent dis- 
 course, earnest, tender, and admirably suited to the occasion. 
 A fervent prayer to " the Giver of every good and perfect gift " 
 was offered, an appropriate hymn sung by a choir of comrades 
 standing near, and then, with only the clear blue sky above us, 
 and naught but the mad waves of the ocean around us, so far as 
 
THE " ILLINOIS 23 
 
 the eye could reach, a kinsman, Capt. Richmond, gently lifted 
 the higher end of the plank, the soulless form plunged into the sea, 
 the blue waves thereof closed over it, and the soldier-lad was lost 
 to sight forever ! 
 
 I also remember a serio-comic incident of the voyage. One 
 day, when we had been several days at sea, and all were suffering 
 great discomfort, as I was going the rounds of the ship to see for 
 myself that the actual condition of the command was no worse 
 than it need be, I passed down into the "lower hold," where, even 
 in the daytime, it was quite dark, except under the several open 
 hatchways ; and, as I groped my way along between the many rows 
 of " bunks " from the "stern" to the forward part of the vessel, 
 brushing against some unhappy sea-sick fellow at almost every 
 step until I approached the open " forward " hatchway, and 
 while the darkness yet concealed my presence, I heard the voices 
 of several men from under the hatchway, who were talking in 
 a very loud, angry, boisterous way. Among the angry voices 
 I recognized the familiar one of private Niles, Co. I, a comical, 
 good-natured soldier, not supposed to be at all vicious. 
 
 I heard him first cursing " the cooks " ; then the " quarter- 
 master " ; then, still more violently, "the captain"; and finally, 
 just as I emerged from the darkness, came a full, round, very pro- 
 fane expletive applied to "the colonel"! I took no notice of 
 what I had heard — of what the men must have known I had 
 heard — except to say, in a quiet, pleasant way: "You seem ex- 
 cited, boys. What is the trouble ? Can I do anything for you ? " 
 " Yes, you can, colonel," says Niles, who was standing with his 
 back to me as I approached, — " yes, you can. Just look at them 
 
 d d old gravel stones for potatoes, and say if you think we 
 
 ought to be starved into eating them ! " holding up his hands, with 
 three, medium-sized potatoes in each one. "Why," said he, "it 
 is enough to make the chaplain smear to be served with such 'grub ' 
 as this. The potatoes have not been cooked at all ; and our beef 
 and pork are quite as bad when served to us." 
 
 Said I, " Let me see those potatoes." He handed them to me, 
 and I found them as he said, nearly as hard as brick-bats : they 
 were perfectly raw. 
 
 I asked, " Is this the condition in which your potatoes generally 
 come to you ? " " Yes, colonel, it is." Then I said, " Well, boys, 
 this is all wrong ; but you shall no longer be kept on raw food if 
 I can prevent it, and I think I can. Let me take those potatoes 
 
24 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 to * the quartermaster and cooks ' " ; and, with the hard, raw things 
 in my hands, I turned to leave, when Niles loudly exclaimed, 
 "There, I told you so. Didn't I tell you that the colonel would set 
 things right as soon as we reported the matter to him ? " Where- 
 upon I turned back, and said : " Why, Niles, I thought I heard 
 you cursing and swearing about the colonel as I came up, a mo- 
 ment ago ! " " Ah ! " said he, as quick as a flash, " I didn't mean 
 you, colonel. I meant the lieutenant colonel!''^ And the poor fel- 
 lows had a hearty laugh, in spite of their disagreeable surround- 
 ings. 
 
 Our strong, swift steamer was among the first of the fleet to 
 reach the rendezvous designated in our sealed orders. We ar- 
 rived at Ship Island, and dropped anchor the eleventh day of 
 December, having been nine days on the passage. Soon other 
 vessels began to arrive, and by the thirteenth nearly the whole 
 squadron had come to anchor. On that day we received further 
 orders, and steamed away for the mouth of the Mississippi, and 
 thence moved up the river, passing many fine sugar plantations, 
 and the two celebrated forts, Jackson and St. Phillip, on the 
 way to New Orleans, where we learned for the first time that 
 Gen. Banks had come to relieve Gen. Butler, and to take com- 
 mand of his Military Department. 
 
 We found lying quietly at anchor in the middle of the stream, 
 apparently as harmless as the other vessels, the famous flag-ship 
 " Hartford," with her great admiral, Farragut, on board ; also, his 
 renowned frigates and sloops of war, "Mississippi," "Richmond," 
 " Pensacola," and " Albatross," all of which afterwards rendered 
 conspicuous service in the river or at Mobile Bay. 
 
 I had spent some months in New Orleans, on different occa- 
 sions, before the war ; and the town looked quite familiar to me, 
 although full of Union soldiers, and but few of its old inhabitants 
 were to be seen on the streets or in any of its public places. 
 Remaining here but a day or two, we proceeded up the river to 
 Baton Rouge, a beautiful town of some seven thousand inhabi- 
 tants, situated on the east bank of the river, one hundred and 
 thirty miles above New Orleans, and there disembarked and went 
 into camp ; most of the enlisted men and some of the officers 
 having been constantly on shipboard from the second to the seven- 
 teenth day of December, with what sad effect our hospital re- 
 ports made painfully clear to us shortly after. 
 
 I have not these reports to refer to ; but my recollection is that 
 
THE "ILLINOIS 25 
 
 within a week or ten days from the time of landing the 52d 
 Regiment alone had one hundred men in the hospital, and the 
 regimental records show that by September, 1863, — that is, after 
 our return, — we had buried nearly this number, who had died from 
 disease alone, contracted in the service, and which, in the opinions 
 of our surgeons, as well as in my own, was directly traceable to 
 the inhuman confinement on shipboard heretofore described. 
 
 From Corp. Stowell's journal : — 
 
 '■'■ On Board the Steamer '■ Illinois.^ December 12. — On Tuesday 
 afternoon, December 2, we weighed anchor, and soon were quietly 
 sailing down the bay. Our fifes and drums played ' Yankee Doodle ' 
 and 'The Girl I left behind me.' Early Friday morning the wind 
 began to blow and the ship began to rock, and then came the 
 sea-sickness which I shall not attempt to describe. It would not 
 have taken a large force to capture us at that time. It is amusing 
 to go over the ship in the night-time, and see the various places 
 the men sleep in. Here is one sitting on a box, another on a 
 barrel. There was a box on deck with some augur holes in it. 
 Open it, and you find a soldier quietly sleeping there." 
 
 ^'■December 6. — Oh, we have had a dreadful time of it ! On Fri- 
 day the non-commissioned officers of Co. F were all unfit for 
 duty. It commenced blowing in the morning, and by noon blew a 
 perfect gale, and on the increase till eleven at night. Such a 
 sight I never wish to see again. In the first of the storm the 
 little Testaments were out pretty thick ; but it soon got too hard 
 for that, and nearly all were sea-sick. The worst was at night. 
 All the men were sick and groaning through the night, — sick as 
 death. 
 
 "One poor fellow is on deck, sewed up in his blanket, and will 
 soon be lowered to his resting-place in the deep. The burial 
 service of the Shelburne boy Richmond has just taken place. 
 His comrades sang two or three pieces, the chaplain read from 
 the Bible, offered prayer, and with uncovered heads we saw the 
 poor fellow slide down the plank. I pray that I may be permitted 
 to die among my kindred and be buried in my native land." 
 
 " December 9. — The water gave out two days ago. We have none 
 but what is condensed from the sea water. A very small allow- 
 ance of that, and poor enough." 
 
 '''' December 14. — We have had what we call a cracker pudding. 
 Took two barrels of hard tack, put it into a caldron with some 
 
26 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 salt and water, and boiled it until it became soft, served with a 
 little water for drink." 
 
 Daniel W. Lyman, Co. K, wrote to the Northampton Gazette: — 
 
 " U.S. Transport '' Illinois^ Gulf of Mexico. — On the morning of 
 the third day a stiff breeze was blowing, which soon increased to a 
 gale. The heaving of the ship brought out all the sea-sickness, 
 and but few escaped. Such a scene as we presented on board I 
 shall not attempt to describe. I never witnessed the like before, 
 and I hope I never shall again. This Sabbath morning was a sad 
 one to our regiment. Richmond, of Co. E, was stricken with 
 typhoid fever, and died in less than a day after he was taken ill. 
 The funeral services were held on the hurricane deck, and his re- 
 mains consigned to a watery grave. No other services were held 
 through the day, except in the evening a few who had the love of 
 Christ in their hearts started a prayer-meeting ; and, though the 
 surroundings were anything but pleasant, it mattered not, for God 
 was with us. The next Sunday we were at the mouth of the Mis- 
 sissippi River. Religious services were held on deck, and the 
 chaplain preached an appropriate discourse from the text, ' Put 
 on the whole armor of God.' After a brief stop at New Orleans, 
 where we did not land, we started again up the river for Baton 
 Rouge. Our guns that had been boxed up during the voyage were 
 now taken out, and forty rounds of ammunition given out to every 
 man. We were accompanied by several gunboats, especially one 
 turtle-shaped thing called the ' Essex.' At noon orders came for 
 the 5 2d Regiment to land, which they did cheerfully, having been 
 on board the steamer nineteen days. We marched to the top of 
 the bluff and stacked our guns, leaving our baggage on the boat. 
 At roll-call at eight in the ev^ening we were ordered to sleep with 
 our belts on and to lie on our arms, and turn out at four in the 
 morning. The night was pleasant, but cold, and we were very 
 uncomfortable without our blankets ; but morning came at last, 
 and with it the warm sun. 
 
 '•'•December 19. — Yesterday we were marched out two miles on 
 picket duty. The night was cold, and we had to keep very still 
 and quiet. No rebels were seen through the night, though we 
 hourly expected them. 
 
 "We are now comfortably settled in camp ; and, should the rebels 
 attempt to capture us, they would find us ready for them. Every- 
 thing about the city looks like desolation. There is no business 
 going on, the public buildings are deserted, grass is growing in 
 the streets." 
 
THE "ILLINOIS 27 
 
 Rev. James K. Hosmer, Co. D, was appointed one of the color 
 guard, with the title of corporal, and after his return published 
 his notes under the title of " The Color Guard," which is regarded 
 as one of the best accounts of soldiers' life that the war produced. 
 I am permitted to make extracts from this journal, and only regret 
 that I cannot make them more complete. 
 
 " On the '•Illinois.^ — Have I mentioned that now our places are 
 assigned? The non-coms (please read it non-commissioned, and 
 not non-compos) — for some high-minded privates declared it might 
 well mean that — have assigned to them an upper cabin over the 
 quarters of the officers. The privates are in front, on the lower 
 decks and in the hold. Five sergeants of our company and two 
 corporals have a state-room together, perhaps six by eight feet. 
 Besides us, two officers' servants consider that they have a right 
 here. Did any one say elbow ' room ' ? Below there are three 
 tiers of bunks, with narrow passages among them. The men lie 
 side by side, with but two feet or so of space. 
 
 " This morning I took breakfast in the berth, which is din- 
 ing-room, study, and parlor as well. Sergt. S. carves a lump of 
 boiled beef with my dirk. 'Just the thing for it!' he exclaims. 
 There has been no end to the grumbling. We have all been sea- 
 sick, and responsibilities which the disordered stomach should 
 shoulder have been thrown on the food. This brings me to speak 
 of what I have noticed again and again, since we became soldiers, 
 that the first to complain of their rations are those who have come 
 from the poorest circumstances. Those who at home have been 
 forced to live on the coarsest food are now first and loudest in 
 their outcries against the rations. 
 
 "We left Ship Island yesterday (Saturday), having lain at an- 
 chor there since Thursday. Sergt. S. was one of the few who went 
 ashore, and came back smacking his lips, telling great stories of a 
 hoe-cake with butter which he bought of a contraband. He must 
 have had a good supper, and became the pet of the non-coms for 
 that evening ; for they made him repeat the story again and again, 
 endeavoring from the lusciousness of his description to realize the 
 actual sensation which the palate of the sergeant had experienced. 
 All day long transports laden with troops were arriving. The 
 decks of all were dark with troops. We hear from some the drum 
 and fife, from others the strains of a full band, and from every 
 regiment cheer after cheer, as they round the point of the island, 
 pass in among the ships, and finally cast anchor. Word was 
 
28 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 passed Saturday night that we were bound to New Orleans. The 
 day is beautiful as we ascend the river. We pass a plantation 
 belonging, as we are told, to Judah P. Benjamin. We come 
 within a stone's throw of the orange groves and the balconies. A 
 crowd of negroes, of all sizes and both sexes, rush to the bank to 
 shout and wave their hands. As night is falling, we can begin to 
 see the lights of New Orleans. Ed and I sit on the paddle-box 
 watching the light of the hostile city in chains under our cannon. 
 The fine band of the 41st on the 'North Star' play 'Twinkling 
 Stars are laughing light,' and other pieces to the delight of all of 
 the transports. One of our fellows offered to swop our band for 
 theirs, which caused a joke on board the 'Illinois'; for we are 
 rather lame in point of music. 
 
 " A certain creeper, the pest of camps from time immemorial, has 
 made its appearance on the ' Illinois,' and has been the staple horror 
 on the latter part of the voyage. Some one must yell out the 
 enquiry if the 41st know anything about them. The answer 
 comes pealing back, 'We have got them with U. S. marked on 
 their backs.' So go the jokes through the evening. 
 
 "Here are the great peacemakers of the city. We find frigate 
 after frigate, grim, dangerous, silent ; our flag at the stern, with 
 formidable batteries all in perfect trim and trained against the city. 
 Blue tars crowd the decks, watchmen with spy-glasses are on the 
 tops. Should secession grow ripe again and the watch behold the 
 dust arising from ' an emeute,' New Orleans would be blown into 
 shreds and splinters. 
 
 "We cast anchor again, the day goes by, we buy oranges ripe 
 and sweet from boats which come alongside. While the hope of 
 landing fades and fades." 
 
III. 
 
 BATON ROUGE. 
 
 [Dec. 17, 1862, TO Jan. 20, 1S63.] 
 
 From Col. Greenleaf's address: — 
 
 "Shortly after we landed, the 52d Regiment was formally as- 
 signed to the 2d Brigade of Grover's Division, 19th Army Corps, as 
 were also the 24th Connecticut, Col. Mansfield, the 41st Massachu- 
 setts, Col. Chickering, and the 91st New York, Col. Van Zandt. 
 
 "We here went to work at once, and with a will, to add to our 
 small stock of military knowledge. The days were spent in com- 
 pany and regimental drills, and the nights in studying the tactics 
 and army regulations. We spent the winter thus, and in perform- 
 ing the well-known routine duties of camp life." 
 
 Chaplain's letter : — 
 
 Baton Rouge, Dec. 17, 1S62. 
 
 My dear Friends of the Sunday-school^ — It is almost a month 
 since I left home. We have been on board the steamer "Illinois " 
 more than two weeks, and have made a voyage of twenty-three 
 hundred miles from New York. The men were very much crowded, 
 but going to sea was new business to most of them. They enjoyed 
 it for a few days while the novelty lasted. After that we had a hard 
 storm, and most of the men were sea-sick. The chaplain took his 
 turn with the rest. We spent a couple of days at Ship Island, as 
 desolate a place as can be imagined. We did not land there ; for 
 just as we were making arrangements to do so came orders to sail, 
 but in what direction we did not know. We sailed south, and next 
 morning, which was Sunday, found ourselves at the mouth of the 
 Mississippi River, and sailed up that river more than a hundred 
 miles to New Orleans. We all enjoyed it very much. The disa- 
 greeable rockings and pitchings of the vessel were over. The men 
 felt well, the weather was as pleasant as a June day at home, and 
 the country was so new and strange that it made it the pleasantest 
 day we had seen since leaving Massachusetts. The banks are 
 low, and are covered with tall, coarse grass. The men were on the 
 lookout for alligators, but did not see any. About ten o'clock we 
 
30 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 passed Forts Jackson and Phillip, where there were a great many 
 Union troops, who cheered us as we passed, we cheering lustily in 
 return. \^'hen we had passed the forts, I tried to have a religious 
 service. There were several hundred present, but there was so 
 much to attract the notice of the men I could hardly get their at- 
 tention. While reading from the Bible, I found I had lost the eyes 
 of my congregation : I found they were all gazing upon the shore. 
 Looking in that direction, I saw that we were passing an orange 
 grove. The trees were loaded with luscious ripe fruit. It was not 
 strange that the attention of the men was called off from the 
 preaching. It is my opinion that the boys and girls in our Sunday- 
 school would have done the same. We passed many orange plan- 
 tations, then came sugar plantations, immense fields of sugar-cane. 
 Some of it was cut, and many acres are not and will not be. The 
 men are in the secession army, and the negroes will not work. 
 There were no signs of Sunday anywhere. The negroes would cheer 
 us as we passed, but the white people were very still and sullen. 
 We reached New Orleans just before sunset, and it was a splendid 
 spectacle. One large vessel after another sailed majestically up 
 the river, all crowded with Union soldiers, who cheered each other 
 lustily. The bands were playing on all the boats, the flags were un- 
 furled, and, on the whole, it was a very grand and inspiring specta- 
 cle. Monday we spent at New Orleans. We were not allowed to 
 land, but toward night the colonel told me I might go to the post- 
 office and carry the letters which had been written on board. They 
 were in a large box, and numbered about three thousand. It took 
 two men to carry them. 
 
 On my return, finding the boat was not going to sail for some 
 time, Capt. Bissell and I took a stroll through the city. All the 
 great places of business were closed. Some whole streets were as 
 empty as if there were no people in the neighborhood. The next 
 morning, Tuesday, all was hurry and confusion ; for we were or- 
 dered to sail at once, but in what direction we did not know. By 
 twelve o'clock all the steamers, eight in number, with some formi- 
 dable-looking gun-boats, were ready for the start. The sail up the 
 river was very like that of the Sunday previous. We had, on the 
 whole, a delightful sail. The only drawback was that we were in 
 rebel territory, and might get peppered with bullets at any moment. 
 The men were ordered to secure their arms, fill their cartridge 
 boxes, and load up their guns. At night orders were given to 
 have breakfast at daybreak, and, with two days' rations, ready to 
 
BATON ROUGE 3 1 
 
 meet the enemy at any moment. Everything looked like active 
 work. In view of what was behind and before us, our voyage and 
 the impending battle, our distance from home, the uncertainty of 
 the future, it was natural enough that the religious element was a 
 good deal stirred within us. So a prayer-meeting was held late in 
 the evening down in the hold of that crowded ship. There was 
 no room for men to stand ; but, taking my position where two 
 narrow alleys met, I could see rows of heads sticking out of the 
 bunks on either side, one above another, far down each of the 
 alleys, as the men lay stretched out at full length. We had as 
 earnest, hearty, whole-souled a meeting for prayer as I ever 
 attended. The place, the position of the men, the circumstances, 
 all made it as impressive as possible. 
 
 After the meeting I turned into my bunk and slept as well as I 
 could in the confusion till five o'clock, when the hurrying of the 
 men on deck and the raising of the cannon from the hold of the 
 vessel awakened me. Hurrying on deck, I could see that we were 
 near Baton Rouge, the capital of Louisiana. We moved up quite 
 near the town. One of the famous iron-clads preceded us. Pres- 
 ently we saw the flash and heard the boom of the big guns of the 
 gun-boat, then another and another in quick succession. We 
 were reminded that we were in Rebeldom, but there was no 
 response to our firing. Hardly any of the inhabitants appeared 
 in sight. A few women and children, chiefly negroes, came out 
 of their houses to look at us. The town had, evidently, sur- 
 rendered. The Confederate troops who had been here had ske- 
 daddled, and, we are told, are but a few miles away to make an 
 attack upon us when we land. The gun-boat anchored near the 
 shore. We sprang from our steamer upon the gun-boat, and from 
 that to the shore, where we formed hastily into line, and rushed up 
 the bank to the high ground on which the city is built. It was a 
 curious change. Instead of being assailed by a rebel force, as we 
 anticipated, as we hurried across the open space in front of us, 
 the grasshoppers hopped out of our way and the robins were 
 singing in the adjoining trees. But we soon saw the desolation 
 that war had made. There are many stacks of chimneys standing, 
 which is all that is left of what, before the war, were beautiful 
 dwellings. Some earthworks are here, thrown up a year ago, 
 when the Union army held the city ; and these our regiment took 
 possession of, in the hope that they would be of some service in 
 case we were attacked, as there are indications that we should be 
 very soon, quite likely before morning. 
 
32 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 One good house is standing in this part of the city. It was 
 closed, and the furniture gone. The colonel and his stafT have 
 taken possession of this house. In one room I found a little table 
 and a chair. These I have appropriated, and so am able to write 
 you this long letter. It is the first time I have sat in a chair, at a 
 table, since I left home. We shall spread some blankets on the 
 floor, and sleep well, if the " rebs " will let us. The men are busy 
 pitching their tents close to the house. They have torn down the 
 fences to make floors for the tents. It is sad to see a city in such 
 ruins as this, and to witness such a destruction of property : it 
 would be sadder still to have a terrible battle, as we anticipate we 
 may have. I dread to think of it. The men had a hard night of 
 it. They had hurried from the boat without their blankets, and 
 there was no means of securing them. So at roll call, at eight 
 o'clock, they were ordered to sleep with their belts on, and to lie 
 on their arms, and turn out at four o'clock for roll-call. The night 
 was pleasant, but cold ; and it was very uncomfortable sleeping 
 without our blankets, — indeed, there was very little sleep for us. 
 We walked about most of the night to keep from freezing. In our 
 room we were very busy. The order came to be ready for action. 
 We were liable to be attacked at any moment. The doctor had 
 his instruments and medicine ready, and men detailed to carry 
 stretchers which were brought into our room. Then we lay down 
 and slept as well as we could on the hard floor, without blankets. 
 But no rebels came ; and to-day we are disposed to laugh at our 
 preparations for a foe, which, for aught we know, is miles away. 
 Still, we are in the enemy's country, and have to be very watchful. 
 To-night we have a good fire and our blankets, and a hard floor 
 will not trouble us. A good many men are suffering from colds 
 contracted largely that first night on shore. The water, too, is 
 very unhealthy. We hope to get a mail soon. We have not heard 
 from home since we left New York. 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 "The morning of December 17 found us opposite Baton Rouge. 
 Forty rounds of cartridges, with two days' rations, were issued. 
 War began to show his face. Some queer things took place while 
 the shelling of Baton Rouge was going on. W"e were to land at 
 once, as we supposed, to fight as soon as we were on shore. Some 
 of the officers appeared to have lost their pride in their shoulder- 
 straps, and seemed to be pleased with very small badges of their 
 
BATON ROUGE 33 
 
 ranks. Not so Col. Greenleaf, who appeared in his most showy 
 uniform. Some of the boys had absurdly bought tin vests as a 
 protection against rebel bullets, but they were all thrown aside 
 when we came to actual work." 
 
 Says the chaplain in the Greenfield Gazette: — 
 
 December 31. — Baton Rouge is the capital of the State, and 
 before the war must have been a beautiful town. The 52d is en- 
 camped on the edge of the plain on which the city is built. East 
 of the camp is a good parade ground. At the right is a good two- 
 story house, unfurnished, which the officers of the regiment oc- 
 cupy. The town, what there is left of it, is a deserted, desolate 
 place. The streets are forsaken, the stores are closed. To the 
 east of us are a large number of stacks of chimneys, which are all 
 that is left of what six months ago were elegant residences. 
 
 The health of the regiment is much the same as that of other 
 regiments. Our men still suffer from their eighteen days' confine- 
 ment on shipboard. Our first night on shore was a hard one. 
 The men were without blankets : the night was cold and damp. 
 The men laid on their arms, and many took cold. The changes of 
 climate, of living, and especially the water, have impaired the 
 health of many of the men. There are about twenty in the hospi- 
 tal, and nearly a hundred under medical treatment. The hospital, 
 a deserted hotel and club-room, where the sick are as well cared 
 for as they can be in camp. But the camp is a sad place to be 
 sick. There is a great deal of homesickness and heart-sickness in 
 the hospital. 
 
 The weather has been delightful, and continues so. The heat 
 in the middle of the day is often oppressive. The men throw off 
 their coats, and move about listlessly, as at home on a hot day in 
 spring. The roses are in full leaf, the buds are just ready to open 
 in the yards. The evenings and nights are chilly, cold, and veey 
 damp. The most prominent building we saw as we approached 
 was the State House. The interior had been sacked and desolated 
 when our troops took possession here a year ago. On Sunday 
 there was an alarm of fire, and it was soon discovered that it pro- 
 ceeded from the interior of the State House. Co. A, situated there, 
 did what they could to check the flames ; but, in spite of them, 
 the interior was burned out. Only the blackened, scorched, and 
 windowless walls remained of the edifice which was the pride of 
 the city and of the State. 
 
 There are more than a thousand poor, miserable contrabands 
 
34 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 within our lines under the care of Lieut. Stearns, of Northfield. 
 They are as happy and careless, as ragged and dirty, a set of beings 
 as can be imagined. What is to be their fate is one of the mys- 
 teries which time alone can determine. Do you ask how many 
 troops we have here, and what we are here for ? You can answer 
 that question as well as we. 
 
 One morning we were aroused from our slumbers by the "long 
 roll," and were soon in line of battle ; but, after standing in the 
 cold an hour, and as no enemy appeared, we were ordered back 
 to our quarters. The scene was a little exciting, but the men 
 were decidedly cool before it was over. 
 
 Corp. Stowell writes home : — 
 
 '•'■ December 2(i. — The army is just the place to give a man an 
 appetite and make him rugged, if he is only tough enough to en- 
 dure the hardships. We are called up every morning at half-past 
 four, and ordered into line with all our equipments, and sometimes 
 are dismissed as soon as roll-call, sometimes kept on the line for 
 hours, and get chilled entirely through; and that is what makes so 
 many sick." 
 
 '''' December 2<^. — Last night it was excitement all night. The 
 State House was set on fire about dark, and burned through the 
 night. It makes me mad to be put under such restrictions in 
 regard to using rebel property. They, would allow us to starve 
 rather than touch anything that belongs to the cussed rebels. I 
 wish I could have the command of this army for the remainder 
 of the nine months. We never can do anything towards stopping 
 the rebellion so long as we are so careful of the rebels. They 
 destroy our lives and property at sight, while we dally along and 
 try to do nothing to aggravate them." 
 
 To the Greenfield Gazette and Courier : — 
 • Baton Rouge, December zc). — Our regiment drills three hours a 
 day, which may be considered a short day's work ; but we have no 
 time to spare after getting our guns and clothes clean and our 
 accoutrements in good order. We have not been troubled as yet 
 to kill time. The morning roll-call is at five o'clock, breakfast at 
 seven, guard mounting at eight, drill from nine to ten, from eleven 
 to twelve, from half-past one to half-past two, dinner at twelve, 
 dress parade at half-past four, evening call at eight. Five or six 
 hundred negroes have come into the city since we landed. They 
 come from the plantations around this city. They usually run 
 away in the night. Co. A has been detailed as guard for provost 
 
BATON ROUGE 
 
 35 
 
 duty. Their quarters are at the State House, where there are 
 several rebel prisoners. The ladies of Baton Rouge supply them 
 (the prisoners) with such luxuries as they can obtain. Since its 
 organization in September, Co, A has furnished, besides its com- 
 pany officers, a chaplain, surgeon, adjutant, two sergeants, and 
 three corporals. Private Henry S. Gere, Co. C, has been ap- 
 pointed brigade postmaster. He is acting postmaster for the 
 whole camp. It is an excellent position for the editor, and we 
 congratulate him on his good fortune. 
 
 Baton Rouge, Jan. i, 1S63. 
 My dear Wife, — The health of the regiment has improved a 
 little, I think, since we landed. There are none very sick. Sammis, 
 of South Deerfield, is ill, but I think he will recover; the same 
 with Capt. Long and Capt. Stone. We have just received the 
 account of the terrible reverse our army has received at Fred- 
 ericksburg. In view of our hardships and these reverses, you nat- 
 urally ask, Do I repent engaging in the enterprise ? I reply confi- 
 dently, "No, not for a moment." However the contest terminates, 
 I do not regret that I put my hand to the work. If it shall termi- 
 nate, as I still hope and pray it will, I shall rejoice that I had a 
 part in it. If it shall turn out disastrously, I shall have no re- 
 proaches that it was through my fault. 
 
 Jan. 2, 1863. — . , . Capt. Long admitted me very cordially to his 
 mess. I feel now as though I had something to depend on. His 
 quarters are at a gentleman's confiscated house near the ruins of 
 the State House, so I walk half a mile to my meals. Yesterday 
 being New Year's, our darky cooks prepared, what they call, a 
 bang-up dinner, — a baked chicken, some fresh beef, tough as a 
 bull's hide, some toast, lemonade, and hominy. We had a table 
 cloth, some crockery plates, and a blessing asked, and, on the 
 whole, a civilized dinner. We have been put into the 2d 
 Brigade with the 41st Massachusetts Regiment and the 24th Con- 
 necticut. Gere and I have been talking this morning about send- 
 ing for our wives. If you were here now, it would be very pleas- 
 ant for a week, possibly a month ; but, before you could get here, 
 we may be far away and far less pleasantly situated. I hardly 
 know what we could do with you if you were here. This is a very 
 good room, but in addition to the inconvenience of sleeping on 
 the floor is that of sharing it with seven or eight men. The house 
 has not a closet, and, of course, no cellar. 
 
36 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 January ii, 1863. 
 
 My dear Sunday school Scholars^ — Let me tell you of to-day as a 
 specimen. I rose at seven. A toilet which consists of pulling on 
 one's boots and washing one's face is soon performed. A walk 
 of half a mile brings me to the house occupied by Capt. Long. 
 He is living in clover, as he says. As the morning is cool, the 
 captain has in his private room a little fire. On entering, you are 
 amazed at the costly and elegant furniture. The bed-posts, for 
 instance, are of solid mahogany, at least ten inches in diameter. 
 Breakfast is served in the dining-room, which, like the bedroom, 
 contains marks of former magnificence. The occupant fled at 
 the approach of the "Yanks," and took what he could ; but he 
 could not carry away his costly bedsteads, sideboard, extension 
 table, etc., and now we use them as complaisantly as if we owned 
 them. The breakfast is served by the "intelligent contraband," 
 and has been cooked by his wife, and consists of corn-cake and 
 molasses. Our keen appetites call it a good breakfast. Shortly 
 after preparation is made for a religious service, which is to be in 
 the Court House, where Co. A is quartered. The chaplain grows 
 red and hot with indignation when he finds that no notice has 
 been given of the service except to Co. A. The sergeant-major 
 hurries through the camp, and gives the notice. He finds half the 
 men washing themselves or their clothes, the other half writing 
 letters. 
 
 Half an hour behind time the chaplain goes to the extempo- 
 rized desk, and finds before him a congregation of about seventy- 
 five men; women, none ; children, none. On the table a bouquet 
 of delicate, half-open roses, gathered from the yard outside. The 
 singing is good. The prayers are tender with grateful memories 
 of home and friends. The sermon from Proverbs xxiii. 25. All 
 very pleasant and somewhat hom.elike. After the service a 
 couple of hours is spent in the general hospital, going from one to 
 another sick couch, and speaking such words of cheer and hope as 
 could be spoken. After reading the eighty-first Psalm, a prayer 
 is offered and words of faith and trust spoken. Some of the 
 patients are sound asleep through the service ; some listen ; many 
 do not. It is a painful, sad service. There are about thirty of 
 our regiment in the hospital. Jonathan Slate, of Bernardston, is 
 quite sick : so is Hall, of Co. E ; the same with Roberts, of Am- 
 herst; Montague, of Sunderland; Morgan, of Co. H; and others 
 more or less ailing. On leaving the hospital, a call came to pack 
 
BATON ROUGE 37 
 
 knapsacks and take forty rounds of ammunition and be ready to 
 fall in at a moment's notice. Hastening back to quarters, I find 
 all stir and animation. News is received that a large force of the 
 enemy are near at hand, and we may expect an attack at any mo- 
 ment. Aides-de-camp are hurrying about on fast horses, deliver- 
 ing and receiving orders. The chaplain, having no orders to give 
 or receive, except to have his knapsack packed that he may be 
 ready for anything that occurs, sits down to look over the day's 
 accumulation of letters, some two or three hundred in all. In the 
 mean time the regiment is called out and hurried to the ramparts, 
 where they are put through a pretty sharp practice of lying down 
 and in that position going through all the processes of loading and 
 firing their guns. At last they were dismissed to their tents, with 
 orders to be ready to assume their positions behind the parapets 
 at a moment's notice. 
 
 The supper of hominy and molasses and coffee completes the 
 feeding for the day,— not rich food, but wholesome, — and a quiet 
 evening, not knowing what the night will bring forth. The coun- 
 try and the climate are delightful. Birds are singing in the trees, 
 butterflies are on the wing, the grass is green in the fields. But 
 hark ! there is a steam whistle. A boat is coming up the river. 
 Will it bring a mail ? We must know, so we hasten to the muddy 
 levee to find there is no mail. But there probably will be to-mor- 
 row. But what will be on the morrow ? Shall we have a bloody 
 battle, and death and wounds, and all that ? or is this alarm only 
 a little practice which the soldiers need ? I strongly suspect the 
 latter. In either case, we shall be likely to hear the long roll 
 before morning. Now the evening is past, and you have learned 
 somewhat of how I am spending my time. The days are much 
 alike, — much in them that is pleasant and much that is sad. We 
 all long for home and peace. And that is the hope and prayer of 
 your friend and pastor, J. F. Moors. 
 
 To my wife : — 
 
 January 5. — Yesterday a boat came up, saying that the rebels 
 had attacked a party of our men at Plaquemine, twenty miles 
 below here; and four companies of our regiment — namely, Cos. 
 E, G, H, and K — have been sent down to guard the place. Co. 
 A is still doing police duty in the city, so five companies are gone. 
 More than a hundred are on the sick list, sixty are required for 
 guard duty, seventy for picket, so we have but few left in the camp. 
 
38 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 I have suffered very much lying on the floor, which is very 
 thin, and the air came up through it to such an extent that 
 I could not keep warm. I resolved not to sleep there any longer, 
 and confiscated an old sofa, on which I spread my blanket, and 
 slept warm and comfortably. 
 
 I have lived lightly for a few days, and am getting around with- 
 out taking any of the doctor's camphor and opium pills. I can 
 take care of myself better than most can, for I can better command 
 my own time. I have confidence in the doctor that he will take 
 good care of me if I am sick. 
 
 I shall defer all account of this expedition to Plaquemine till 
 its return. 
 
 On Saturday afternoon I wanted a place for religious meet- 
 ings. They must be held in the evening, and the air is too chilly 
 and damp for out-of-door services. I thought of the second story 
 of the old foundry, standing a little way from us, — a large, un- 
 finished room made to store the wooden patterns used in the 
 shop below. The windows are sadly broken by musketry and the 
 walls battered by shells. Getting twenty men to help me, we 
 cleared out half of this room, arranged boards for benches, and 
 soon had a comfortable church extemporized, in which we have 
 earnest meetings in the evening, from one hundred to two hun- 
 dred present, with one candle to make the darkness visible. 
 
 January 12. — Back to camp to attend the funeral of Norman 
 Roberts, of Amherst, who has been sick ever since we landed. A 
 prayer and Scripture reading in the presence of the whole regi- 
 ment, then a procession of soldiers with arms reversed and muffled 
 drums, the body in a covered United States baggage wagon drawn 
 by mules, members of Co. G without arms, and the chaplain on 
 horseback, — a solemn and impressive service, more so because 
 it is our first. I told the colonel it was not well to make so much 
 of a parade at a funeral. It depressed the spirits of the men. A 
 few should be detailed for this service and not the whole regiment. 
 Nothing can be more sad or solemn than these processions, with 
 their funereal music, wending their way to the old cemetery, whose 
 fences have been torn down, whose paths have been grown over, 
 and the whole appearance of the place telling of war and its rav- 
 ages. Hundreds of U.S. soldiers are buried here. A board is 
 the only sign that marks their resting-place. On returning, the 
 5 2d was out on the parade ground for battalion drill. As Dolly 
 and I felt well, I thought it was a good time to drill her and my- 
 
BATON ROUGE 
 
 39 
 
 self a little in military tactics, so, managing to keep in the rear of 
 the battalion, we capered about till I was tired. Before leaving 
 the ground there came the long roll. " To your posts ! " was the 
 order. And in an instant the 5 2d were on the double-quick for 
 their position on the parapets. There they stood for an hour, 
 when they were dismissed, I suppose it was to give a little prac. 
 tice, which the men stood in need of. 
 
 January 13, 1863. 
 
 Afy dear Wife, — Hurrah ! hurrah ! the long-waited mail has 
 come at last ! An immense excitement over it ! The first we 
 have received ! The letters are a month old, but we are glad 
 enough to get them. Continue to send the newspapers, and ask 
 your friends to do so. They occupy a great many odd moments, 
 and, when we are done with them in camp, they do good service in 
 the hospital. There are many sad, weary hours among that crowd 
 of sick men ; and newspapers beguile them better than anything else. 
 
 yanuary 17. — The most remarkable thing of the last two days 
 has been the very cold weather, I rarely suffer more than I have 
 the last two nights, Thursday night was windy and cold, last 
 night still and colder. The top of the ground was frozen, and ice 
 formed as thick as window glass. "Not bad," you will say: "a 
 Yankee ought to stand that." It is these sudden and severe 
 changes that tell so hard upon the health of men deprived of the 
 comforts of home. In my last I told you, I believe, that there was 
 a young man in Co, C — James Graves — sick in the hospital, — a 
 little, gentlemanly fellow, almost womanly in his refinement. He 
 lay on the floor between two rough men, who were very sick, one 
 of them fretful, complaining, and profane, I felt very sorry for 
 Graves. He is a Sophomore in Yale College. I asked the sur- 
 geon to allow him to come to my room, and he was brought in upon 
 a stretcher yesterday, and I am taking such care of him as I can. 
 He is not very sick, but needs quiet and care ; and these I can 
 give him, Frank Ball, also, is sick in our room. Sergt. Hos- 
 mer is sick, and his brother is taking care of him in the captain's 
 room upstairs. Last night I was up with Graves a good deal, es- 
 pecially to keep up the fire. About midnight Rev. J. K. came to 
 my room, and wanted to know if I had some dry sticks of wood to 
 swap off for some green ones. His wood was burned up, and he 
 had just come in from chopping some green sticks, and wanted 
 some dry ones to kindle. Mem. — Ministers should get in wood 
 enough at night to last till morning. 
 
40 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 From Stowell's journal : — 
 
 " Have been out drilling in the manual of arms. We have been 
 forbidden to destroy any property. I wish they would make a 
 clean sweep as far as we can, and not waste our time and lives in 
 taking care of that rebel truck. 
 
 •* Went out on picket duty yesterday. We are on for twenty- 
 four hours. One company from each regiment go out about three 
 miles, and are left, three in a place, along in the woods. Three 
 others, with myself, act as scouts. The orders to pickets are very 
 strict in regard to firing a gun or taking property, — hens or any- 
 thing else. Our captain repeated the orders to us after we were 
 posted ; but we thought we discovered a twinkle in his eye which 
 meant, ' If you can do anything and I not know it, why, do it.' Just 
 at night six pigs came into our lines, two of which were quietly hung 
 up by their heels in a very few minutes. The next morning I started 
 with my rifle, went outside the lines about two miles, found a good 
 fat threeyear-old heifer, drove her into our lines, and shot her, 
 then, with the help of three or four others, cut her up, put her in 
 our haversacks. We also killed a shoat and a sheep, which we 
 put in our sacks, out of sight, so, when we marched in for inspec- 
 tion, we had the appearance of being empty-handed. Our captain 
 said not a word, nor asked any questions, but ate his share of the 
 pig this morning with a good relish. 
 
 " We are preparing for a big battle twenty miles above us at 
 Port Hudson, We expect a bloody fight, as the rebels are strongly 
 entrenched. 
 
 '■'' jfanuary 13, 1863. — Yesterday was a happy day to most of 
 us. We received a mail for the first time since we left New York. 
 One poor fellow from Orange had letters telling him his wife was 
 dead. He takes it very hard. 
 
 " The folks at home will never know what the soldier has to 
 endure. Take my last guard, for instance. In the first place, the 
 mud was two or three inches deep, and there we must stay twenty- 
 four hours. We have some little tents to go into half the time ; 
 but we are not much better ofif for them, for the rain comes 
 through, and the mud is as bad inside as out. When night comes, 
 we can stand up or lie down in the mud with all our equipments 
 on ; for no one is allowed to take them off during the twenty-four 
 hours he is on guard. 
 
 " But we have some good things here to eat. Co. F drew a bar- 
 rel of flour, and yesterday we had a rarity for dinner and supper. 
 
BATON ROUGE 
 
 41 
 
 We took half of it and put it in the big cauldron we make our 
 coffee in, and made a minute pudding. We then took some mo- 
 lasses, vinegar, water, and made a pailful of good sauce. 
 
 " Last Sunday we thought the rebels had come, sure enough. 
 Our pickets came rushing in, telling us that they had been sta- 
 tioned about three miles out, and that the rebels had appeared in 
 force. The long roll sounded, and we started double-quick for the 
 parapet. There we stayed under arms until night, but no rebels 
 appeared." 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Co. A are living in clover. They are in better health than 
 any other company. They are on provost duty in the city, and 
 Capt. Long is provost-martial. On the whole, I think the health 
 of the regiment has improved within a few days; but we have 
 a good many sick. I just hear that Gleason, of Co. B, is dead. 
 The colonel and Capt. Stone dined with us to-day. We had what 
 John Contraband calls a bang-up dinner, with table-cloth and 
 crockery plates ; and we have found some plated silver forks. We 
 had chicken, sweet potatoes, brown bread, and a rice pudding. 
 It was a triumphant success, especially the portion of the dinner 
 over which I presided. You must look to your laurels, or I shall 
 have a cook-book out before you do. We bought two pounds of 
 butter for a dollar, strong enough to draw a load of wood up my 
 driveway on High Street. 
 
 ya)i. 19, 1863. — I wrote a sheet on Saturday, and have not 
 had time to write a word since. We buried Gleason just at sun- 
 set. These deaths have a depressing influence upon the men, 
 especially upon those in the hospitals. The Whitneys watched 
 with my two patients. I had a good sleep, so as to be ready for 
 my Sunday duties. At dress parade on Saturday I urged a bet- 
 ter attendance on the preaching service, which is entirely volun- 
 tary. I gave notice that the service to-morrow would be at 10.30 
 A.M. I hurried up to get my sick men washed and laid back upon 
 the floor. About nine it was announced that a steamer was com- 
 ing, I started some >en to the levee to see if there was a mail 
 for us ; and, lo! theyjeturned bearing a bouncing big one, — about 
 three bushels, — whichVas emptied upon our floor, and we went 
 to sorting it with a will. At ten o'clock I sent to the colonel that 
 the mail would be better for the men than my sermon, and that the 
 drums better not beat the assembly's call. Continue to send the 
 newspapers. After I have read them, they go to the hospital. 
 
42 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 No service to-day, but prayers at dress parade. After looking to 
 the sick boys and the supper, I went to the Court House, and had 
 a service, — about a hundred present, — then to the hospital, and 
 back to quarters at nine o'clock to get the sick boys in my room to 
 bed, — as we have to call it, — though it is upon the floor. I was 
 up at twelve, and sat up three hours ; and Whitney sat up the rest 
 of the night. Arthur Ball, Co. D, detailed to take care of the chap- 
 lain and his horse, is ill. So our first care is of him, so that he 
 may be able to take care of his brother Frank, who is pretty sick. 
 Graves is better. If it were not for this sickness, we should be in 
 splendid condition. We begin to feel quite at home here. In 
 our room we have added one thing after another, till we have as 
 much as we can take good care of. I have to be " orderly " for 
 the non-coms. H. W. W. calls me the widowed parson in care of 
 four orphan boys. 
 
 Tuesday P.M. — My time is fully occupied. Graves is better, 
 begins to take a little broth. Frank Ball is no better, is wander- 
 ing in his mind. The sickness in the regiment is on the increase. 
 One hundred and fifty of our six companies are sick, and as many 
 more not well. Four companies in the 52d Regiment are at 
 Plaquemine. Two deaths have occurred to-day, — Hall, of Haw- 
 ley, and Lorenzo Payne, both young men, both dying of typhoid 
 fever. It takes hold of the young men fearfully. One funeral at 
 two this afternoon, and I am just going out to the other. I took 
 a horseback ride with Henry Whitney, to whom I am getting greatly 
 attached. I shall have to send Frank Ball to the hospital. I am 
 too busy to take care of him, and Arthur is not well enough to do it. 
 
 January 20, i A.M. — Frank is restless and delirious. He is 
 quite sick. A steamer has just arrived, and we hope for another 
 mail. The rumor is that we are to move in the morning. I hope 
 it is not so, but probably we are to be sent further from the river. 
 It is the common opinion that our proximity to the river is one 
 cause of so much sickness among us. 
 
 We have some fun withal. Day before yesterday Lieut. Hurl- 
 bert was prowling about the back kitchen of Capt. Long's head- 
 quarters. He found a nicely packed box. With an axe he 
 knocked the boards off, and found the dinner service of the estab- 
 lishment, — nice earthen white ware. Coming into the dining- 
 room, he whirled our tin plates and cups into, the corner, and set 
 the table out with the new-found crockery. So now I sit down to 
 as well-furnished a table as my wife has ; namely, that of the Sec- 
 retary of State of Louisiana. 
 
IV. 
 
 BATON ROUGE, WITH AN ACCOUNT OF THE PLAQUEMINE 
 
 EXPEDITION. 
 
 [Jan. 20 TO Feb. ii, 1S62.] 
 
 Corp. Hosmer writes : — 
 
 " The chaplain was sick lo-day, so T conducted the services for 
 two of the men, one a boy I knew well at home, — Frank Ball. 
 He will never see again his pretty cottage home under the trees 
 by the Connecticut. We were forced to bury them hurriedly, for 
 it was late, and, I fear, with a less feeling of solemnity than we 
 once had on such occasions. Funerals have been so frequent of 
 late, sometimes three or four a day, that they lose their impres- 
 siveness. Most all the deaths have been among the boys. We do 
 not suffer as some men of the regiments are suffering close by us ; 
 but it is enough to cast a shadow, and make us feel the insecurity 
 of life. But let me turn from these things. We are, after all, not 
 a gloomy set. The spirits of the men are often high, and there is 
 much fun going forward. 
 
 " A great character in the camp is one Niles, a fellow with many 
 crotchets in his brain, — too many for it to remain in a normal, 
 healthy state. He ought hardly to have passed a medical exami- 
 nation ; but he is a fellow of infinite jest, and his pranks and say- 
 ings keep up the spirits of the regiment. He has wit. When 
 that fails, he blunders into capital hits, sparing no one, from the 
 colonel down. Seeing some officers looking at a big hole in a 
 hollow tree, he came up, and peered with his queer, whiskered face 
 into the hole. ' That is a big hole, Niles,' said one of the ofificers. 
 ' Yes,' said Niles, ' next time the long roll is sounded, if it isn't full 
 of officers, I will come here and hide.' By far the most amusing 
 thing I have seen since I became a soldier was Niles's parody of 
 Col. Birge, of the 13th Connecticut, — a veteran regiment, which 
 went through its admirable drill close to our camp, and whose 
 commander, at such times, threw himself with unusual energy into 
 such work. I heard great laughter and shouting on the parade 
 ground the other day, and, going out, saw Niles mounted on a 
 lean, long-eared jackass, which he would cudgel with a club until 
 
44 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the animal gave up his obstinacy and went off at an ungainly 
 gallop. Niles rushed to one side of the field and then to the 
 other, and roared out his orders, — 'Close column by division, on 
 second division right in front!' — then whack would go the stick, 
 and Niles, eager as if in battle, would gallop off to the other side of 
 the field, — ' Head of column to the left, deploy column on first com- 
 pany ! ' etc., — an admirable caricature of the efficacy of Col. Birge, 
 who was always at full gallop, keeping his regiment on the double- 
 quick. Niles drilled his imaginary command for some time, when 
 a sergeant, shocked at the indecorum, started after him at full 
 speed ; but Niles's time had not yet come. As the pursuer ap- 
 proached, Niles's ungainly steed reared and brayed ; and, while 
 dodging his heels, the pursuer measured his length in the mud, 
 leaving Niles, in his shabby uniform, to go on caracoling and 
 shouting his orders." 
 
 From Stowell's journal: — 
 
 '■'•January 20. — There are six of our company on picket duty, 
 and- we are stationed near together ; and I can leave my post a 
 short time if necessary. So I took a man, and went into the woods 
 near by. My gun accidentally went off, and hit a cow right in the 
 head. We took out what six of us could carry into camp to-mor- 
 row, brought it near our posts, and hid it ; for an officer will come 
 around once or twice to see if everything is all right. Our rations 
 have been pretty hard lately. We should have had nothing but 
 hard-tack. As it is, we shall get along well enough for dinner and 
 supper to-morrow. I was lucky enough to find an old rusty pan, 
 which I can clean up ; and it will be nice to fry our meat in. 
 When we reached camp yesterday, we found everything in hubbub. 
 Tents were struck, baggage packed, and all the brigade ordered 
 to leave immediately : where to, we did not know ; but we were 
 marched out of the city about two miles, and dropped down into 
 a mud hole, — the most unhealthy place I ever saw. The ground 
 is half-covered with water. We have got our tent raised up and 
 floored in good shape. 
 
 '•'■Jatiuary 22. — We went to a rebel's house near by, took his 
 doors off before his eyes, took his hammer and hand-saw, some 
 sugar and a good spider, and think ourselves fixed up in good 
 shape. Of course, it makes a man look ugly to see us break the 
 doors of his house to make floors for our tents, but might, with 
 rifles to back it, makes everything right. We are most pleased 
 with our spider. We can make most all kinds of victuals with the 
 help of that. 
 
BATON ROUGE — PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 45 
 
 " January 24. — Here I am sitting by a good fire in an old 
 house. I am acting sergeant. Have a lot of men, part of whom 
 I have picketed out ; and the rest are lying on the floors, snoring 
 like good fellows. I have boarded the windows, so no light can 
 get out ; and the wood in the fireplace is crackling in good shape. 
 We shall not be cold to-night; for, when the fire gets low, on goes 
 a chair, a door, or something else. I cannot help but rather like 
 this business. A man feels so independent and saucy. 
 
 " Somebody's cow won't come up to-morrow morning. I do not 
 know whose it is; but her hind-quarters are hanging up here, and 
 will form part of our breakfast. Usually, it is hard bread and tea 
 for breakfast, bread and water for dinner, and bread and tea for 
 supper again. So we think to-morrow will be about time for a 
 little beefsteak. 
 
 " January 25. — When we got home from picket dut}', we found 
 Co. D was about having a funeral. I laid aside my gun, put on 
 my dress coat, and attended. It is unusual to have much notice 
 taken when a soldier dies ; but in this case there were two 
 brothers, one a corporal and the other a sergeant. The corporal 
 was a Unitarian minister at Deerfield, His brother was taken 
 sick about a week ago with the fever that all have here. The cor- 
 poral was with him all the time, and took the best care of him ; but 
 he had to die. The corporal had a rough coffin made for his 
 brother. The body was brought out, and placed in a gun-box. 
 The sergeant's gun and equipments were laid upon the coffin, then 
 his cap, and a little bunch of flowers at a place opposite them. 
 The corporal stood alone by the coffin through the service. He 
 was not the only mourner. It brought tears to the eyes of nearly 
 every one, the colonel and the other officers in particular. He 
 was twenty-one years of age, and one of the finest men of the 
 regiment. If I have prayed a sincere prayer, it is that I might 
 get home alive, and die among my friends. If not, I want to die 
 by the bullet, and not by disease. 
 
 " Our chaplain made a speech to us on dress parade last night, 
 and its subject was ' Cultivate- a Cheerful Spirit' ; and it is just so. 
 If a man makes the best of everything, he will be much happier 
 than if he look on the dark side all the time." 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 January 21. — This morning came an order to move about a 
 mile from the river. Frank Ball was sent to the hospital, very 
 sick. We put Graves in the convalescent hospital, in the wing 
 
4.6 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 of this building. Everything is gone from the house, except our 
 " duds." I expect to have a long quiet night of it. It is a relief 
 to get rid of the sick men. Now we are to go back to tents 
 again. Ball and I are to have one to ourselves, — a good wall 
 tent. Capt. Long lends me a confiscated stove. It is a great 
 deal more quiet here than in the house we have just left; but 
 the men are grumbling about our new location, it is so wet and 
 swampy. The fear is that it is not healthy. I am feeling very 
 well, nothing but a good night's sleep wanting to put me in first- 
 rate condition. 
 
 Friday, jfanuary 23. Under a Magnolia Tree. — I moved yes- 
 terday, and it occupied all day. The ground here is low; but my 
 tent is very pleasantly situated under a big magnolia, whose green 
 leaves are intertwined with the long, gray, pendulous Spanish 
 moss, which gives it a very pleasant look. Dolly is picketed the 
 other side of the tree, and so is my constant companion, day and 
 night. I wish I could send you a photograph of it. The Co. E. 
 boys put a good floor into my tent, and also a box for me to sleep 
 in, which would be very well if it were not so suggestive of a 
 coffin. I hope I can get some hay to put in before a great while. 
 
 From the Gazette and Courier : — 
 
 jfanuary 23, 1S63. — Sunday was a day of rejoicing among us. 
 In the morning a mail-bag containing about two and one-half 
 bushels for the 52d was laid on the floor of the chaplain's room, 
 and as soon as possible distributed among the eager crowd, impa- 
 tient to get news from home. 
 
 We have a good deal of sickness, as you have doubtless heard. 
 Seven have already died of typhoid fever. I find that war has its 
 two sides. If you start from our camp with two or three compan- 
 ions, all well mounted, and ride about this town an hour, say from 
 4 to 5 P.M., about the time for dress parade, hear the inspiring 
 music of the bands, the stirring bugle-call, the martial drum and 
 fife, and see the long lines of soldiers, the cheerful-looking camps, 
 the polished guns and well-trained horses of the batteries, and 
 meet well-dressed officers mounted on horses all grand and ele- 
 gant, you might fancy that going to war was very fine, and that 
 the young men missed a great deal who did not enlist. I3ut stop 
 at that building where you see the red flag. It is a hospital of the 
 52d Massachusetts Volunteers. Mount the stairs, and look about 
 you. In this room on the right are ten men, most of them on the 
 floor. Some have boxes made in the plainest way of a few boards. 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 47 
 
 Some of them are filled with the dried Spanish moss. Here is a 
 man suffering with fever ; the next one has dysentery ; the next 
 one is weak and exhausted, without any particular disease. Go 
 to the next room, it is the same. The third, and it is a repetition 
 of what you have seen before. Go across the way, and you find 
 two or three rooms with patients who are recovering. By the 
 time you have spent two or three hours in these rooms you will 
 be persuaded that war has its dark side, — dark, dark enough. 
 Our regiment is weakened, not only by sickness, but by the ab- 
 sence of four companies down the river and a great many de- 
 tailed men. 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Saturday Evening, Jan. 24, 1863. 
 
 The last two days have been among the happiest and the sad- 
 dest I have experienced, — happiest because I feel so well and 
 am enjoying my mode of life very much. Yesterday we re- 
 ceived a large mail for our regiment, which was very welcome. 
 I said these days were the saddest, too. The news from Vicks- 
 burg is very disheartening. The fate of that place determines 
 ours. In the regiment the aspect of affairs is enough to make 
 men sober. The fever ! oh, the fever ! Longfellow's chapter in 
 "Hiawatha" just expresses it. We have had three deaths within 
 twenty-four hours, and I am sorry to write that Edward Hosmer's 
 was the last. He died at ten o'clock this a.m., and is to be buried 
 to-morrow at ten. He was very much beloved and respected by 
 his company and the regiment. He was, you know, the orderly 
 sergeant of Co. D. Thompson, of Bernardston, and Culver, of 
 Shelburne Falls, are both dead. Graves, whom I have called my 
 little pet, was doing nicely when he left me, but now is not as well. 
 Lewis, of Co. A, is sick ; and so is Merriam. Horace Allen is 
 broken down with home-sickness. To tell you of to-day will tell 
 you how I am spending my time. Rose at six, blacked my boots 
 (which is a military requirement and no little labor in this sticky 
 clay), made my bed, swept the floor of my tent, put to rights gen- 
 erally, and rode to town to breakfast, then to deliver letters, and 
 then to the river to water Dolly. A boat had just arrived with a 
 regiment of eleven hundred negroes, — a splendid regiment, worth, 
 I believe, any two regiments on the ground. They are officered 
 by colored men, which, I am told, is likely to give great offence 
 to the white officers here. I sat for a while to see them disem- 
 bark, and then to the hospital, where I spent an hour and a half 
 
I' 
 
 48 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 visiting, briefly, every man who was awake, and trying to say 
 something to him to cheer and help him. It is a hard service, and 
 draws severely upon one's sympathy. Then to the post-office with 
 a haversack of letters I had brought from camp. At one back 
 to dinner, and from there to the funerals of Thompson and Cul- 
 ver, who were buried together, and with no escort ; then to see 
 J. K. H., to make arrangements for Ed's funeral to-morrow ; then 
 with J. K. H. to the cemetery, to select a place of interment ; 
 back to camp at four, to look up the boys whose parents had writ- 
 ten to me concerning them, and at seven to have a delightful 
 quiet hour, writing this. I stayed with Hosmer till half-past nine 
 last evening. He wanted I should stay all night to watch with 
 Ed ; but I felt that I needed the night for sleep, as I am to have a 
 very busy day tomorrow. J. K. is the manliest man there is in the 
 regiment. He bears this trial nobly, says he should rather Ed 
 had fallen in battle, but, seeing the lack of nurses, he shall vol- 
 unteer for that service. He has nursed Ed very tenderly and skil- 
 fully. 
 
 You talk of eating hard-tack and salt junk out of sympathy, but 
 you need not ; for I eat neither now. We live well enough, — 
 plainly, indeed, but good enough. I have put some hay into my 
 box, and so sleep splendidly. I have told you that the town was 
 deserted. It is not so now. Many of the inhabitants have come 
 out of their hiding-places, and the streets swarm with soldiers and 
 negroes. The contrabands come in more freely than they did 
 before the Emancipation Proclamation. I suppose people want 
 to know of me when we are to move upon Port Hudson, why we 
 do not move at once, how many soldiers we have, how many the 
 rebs have, etc. I have one answer to make. I know nothing 
 about it. I did not come here to plan or execute campaigns, nor 
 to criticise those who have that duty to perform. I came to be 
 chaplain to the 52d Regiment, and in doing this even imperfectly 
 I have all that I can do. 
 
 The 52d is badly demoralized. Look at it 1 Nine hundred 
 and thirty when we left Greenfield, two hundred and fifty are at 
 Plaquemine, one hundred and fifty sick, fifty to take care of the 
 sick, one hundred and fifty detailed for special service, leaving two 
 hundred and fifty for the available force of the regiment. About 
 that number out for inspection to-day. The order was given, 
 " Field and staff officers to the front ! " The chaplain bravely 
 marched in solitary majesty from the rear to the front, and was in- 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 49 
 
 spected and passed muster. It is bedtime, and a splendid bed of 
 hay and husks loose in the box. 
 
 Thursday P.M.— I fear Mr. Allen will not see his son Horace 
 again, or, if he does, will find little satisfaction in him. He is 
 losing his mind. He can do nothing. There is nothing the matter 
 with him but home-sickness. The doctor is trying to get him dis- 
 charged and sent home. To-day we have another funeral, Samuel 
 Cowles's, Co. I. After my visit to the hospital this morning, I 
 took a long ride with the colonel, to visit all the picket stations. 
 Beginning at the river, they extend around the whole city at a dis- 
 tance of a mile or two from the camp. The pickets are posted in 
 squads of three or four together, and the squads between twenty 
 or thirty rods of each other, so that no one can approach without 
 being seen and challenged. I enjoyed the ride very much. There 
 were a few ditches to jump, but Dolly leaped them bravely. I re- 
 turned to attend Cowles's funeral. 
 
 Under the Magnolia Tree, 
 Jan. 27, 1863. 
 
 . . . Sunday has been a busy day with me. Hosmer wanted to 
 have the funeral of Ed out here at the camp (he died in the house 
 by the river), and it was arranged for 10.30. But there was a 
 blunder about the ambulance, and they were not ready till nearly 
 one. The service was held in front of my tent. The body v/as 
 dressed as for dress parade, and looked quite natural. A hymn 
 was sung, and prayer offered. The whole service was very impres- 
 sive. A procession was then formed, Co. A doing escort duty, 
 with arms reversed and drums muffled ; then the body in an am- 
 bulance ; then J. K. with some white flowers in his hand, which he 
 deposited upon the coffin ; then the officers and men of Co. D, the 
 chaplain on Dolly, with several soldiers of other companies. At 
 the grave Co. A attempted to fire a salute, but bungled it so much 
 I did not blame Dolly for being frightened. After a late dinner I 
 went to the hospital, read a chapter and offered prayer in three of 
 the wards, and prayed with the sickest men at their bedsides. 
 Then back to camp to preach a short sermon at dress parade upon 
 cheerfulness, which some of the men stand in special need of. 
 The sickness does not increase as to numbers, but it does in 
 severity. There are from eighty to ninety reported sick every day 
 in quarters. Do you ask what causes so much sickness ? I reply, 
 Bad water, improper food, exposure to the night air on guard and 
 
50 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 picket. You write about my not exposing myself to rebel bullets. 
 I am ten times more exposed to fever than to rebel bullets. Last 
 night there was a hard rain. It pattered nicely upon the roof of 
 the tent, and rattled the leaves of the magnolia. There are great 
 expectations on that barrel. We expect to see it to-morrow. 
 
 Under the Magnolia Tree, 
 January 31. 
 
 . . . The long-looked-for box came this afternoon. It was 
 unloaded in front of my tent. A great crowd soon gathered 
 round, and were full of eulogium upon the splendid packing. 
 "There was labor and skill in that," was the exclamation from 
 many. Some of the things sent amused us very much. Sugar, 
 for instance, which is as cheap here as dirt and almost as plenty. 
 Soap and candles, too, are furnished gratuitously to all the men. 
 (There are some inconveniences in living in a tent. I have just 
 tipped over my inkstand into my slippers.) Bridget's apples came 
 as sound and fresh as when they were put up. You must tell her 
 how much obliged I am for them. I put on the old hat you sent 
 at once, label and all, to the great amusement of " the boys " ; for 
 the contrabands wear just such hats with their master's name 
 pinned to them. You must thank everybody for the things sent. 
 A funeral this afternoon of Marcus Rowland, of Conway. I 
 asked Mr. Hosmer to attend it, for I was quite worn out. Arriving 
 at the hospital, he found two more of our men had just died, — 
 Frank Ball and Arnold of Co. F. Mr. Hosmer officiated at How- 
 land and Ball's burial, the other will be held to-morrow. So we 
 have had three deaths to-day. Most of those that die are under 
 twenty-one years of age. I think the doctor does his best for 
 them. There are fewer new cases, and I hope the worst is over ; 
 but to-day one man has come down with scarlet fever. 
 
 Under the Magnolia Tree, 
 Feb. 2, 1863. 
 
 My dear Wife, — Attended the funeral of Arnold, Co. F. Had 
 service at the hospital, and prepared for one at the camp; but it 
 rained so hard I had to give it up. 
 
 On Saturday Horace Allen was brought before the medical 
 directors to be examined for a discharge. The novelty of the 
 place and the hope of going home excited the poor fellow, and he 
 brightened up and answered all the questions asked him very 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION Ci 
 
 promptly. They put him through the manual of arms ; and he did 
 well in it, — better, Capt. Long said, than he had ever known 
 him to do it before. The result was the directors told the captain 
 to take his man back and put him to work. The poor fellow was 
 too simple to be cunning or wise. With regard to O. R., he has 
 been as uncomfortable a member of Co. A. as they could have. He 
 has shirked everything, complained of everything. He has done 
 his best to make trouble between the captain and his men ; and 
 now the poor fellow is sick, and not a friend in the regiment to 
 care for him or pity him. He cries and groans, and is the biggest 
 baby we have ; and the boys only laugh at him. I went to see 
 him this morning, and told him I thought a little pluck was as 
 needful to bear a stomach-ache as to fight a battle. I don't 
 know how sick he is. He thinks he is going to die at once. The 
 boys think one-quarter of his trouble is a cold and three-quarters 
 hypo. 
 
 Daniel VV. Lyman writes to the Northampton Gazette: — 
 
 " We are still a broken regiment. Four companies that have 
 been sent down the river to Plaquemine have not yet returned, 
 and nothing has been heard from them till this noon, when we 
 were surprised by the sudden appearance of our orderly Williston, 
 in good health and spirits, with a handsome baked turkey in one 
 hand and a beautiful double-barrelled shot-gun in the other. The 
 turkey was just in season, and went right to the spot; for it took 
 the place of hard-tack. One of the party relates a foraging expe- 
 dition where they took from one place eighty chickens and five or 
 six dozen eggs. The planter owned a sugar plantation, and had on 
 hand about one hundred hogsheads of sugar; but the boys could 
 not take that on their backs very well, and had to leave it behind. 
 
 "The regiment has left our pleasant location on the bank of 
 the river, and marched back a mile and a half to a dismal-looking 
 place. It was no small job to make the spot inhabitable. 
 
 " January 22. — Our location, which looked so dismal when we 
 saw it yesterday, has been wonderfully improved by the use of a 
 little Yankee mettle. Our streets have been levelled, cook-houses 
 built, and we are ready to live again. Col. Greenleaf has been 
 trying to get the regiment together; and, if his perseverance holds 
 out long enough, he will doubtless succeed. He has endeared 
 himself to the regiment, and will do all he can to make our posi- 
 tion comfortable. He visits the hospital daily ; and his cheering 
 
52 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 words and pleasant smile have, we doubt not, done more good 
 many times than the doctor's medicine. We had a grand foraging 
 expedition the other da}', and, among other things, brought back 
 six or seven gallons of molasses, and had great fun making ' lasses 
 candy.' If the 'lasses' could have helped about it, we should 
 have had more fun still." 
 
 From Stowell's journal : — 
 
 '■^February i, — On picket we stopped an old rebel going into 
 town on horseback. We sent a man with him ; but the man did 
 not go more than ten rods before he made the old rebel get oflE 
 and go on foot, while he got on and rode. 
 
 '■'■February 15. — It is as warm here as I ever saw it in July at 
 home. Yesterday we had the hardest day's work to do we have 
 yet done. Gen. Grover ordered out a train of thirty wagons to 
 confiscate commissary stores, and called for two hundred of the 
 best men of the 52d Regiment for an escort. We were to go into 
 the country about five miles beyond the pickets. We stood the 
 march out very well, but every man was wet through with the 
 sweat and about played out. The mules trotted most of the way ; 
 and the men were forced to keep up, though the mud was quite 
 deep. We were marched in in just an hour, and such a heated 
 set of men I never saw. Quite a number fell out, and had to be 
 sent for with carts, and are now under the surgeon's care. 
 
 " Many are sick. Measles are plenty, and hospital grows larger, 
 still we are in good spirits. Does a mule bray, you see all our 
 camp crying out: 'A mail, a mail! The "Iberville" is coming!' 
 That was our mail-boat, and had a very heavy whistle which could 
 be heard a long way, and sounded very much like the bray of a 
 iackass. Whenever this was heard, the chaplain would mount his 
 black horse and ride over to the landing. Sometimes he walked 
 back, the mare nearly covered with mail-sacks. When the mail 
 was not so large, he rode between the sacks ; and every man in 
 camp would have the letters before the chaplain slept." 
 
 THE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION. 
 
 "The morning of Jan. 3, 1863, brought sounds of heavy firing 
 from Plaquemine, a place twenty miles below Baton Rouge. 
 Rumors of a battle there, in which gun-boats were playing a promi- 
 nent part, filled the camp. Orders came for Cos. C, G, H, and K 
 to prepare at once to go down the river with three days' rations, 
 and re-enforce our troops there. Excitement and bustle filled the 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 53 
 
 quarters of these companies as they prepared for their first real 
 work of soldiers. About an hour before sundown, with Lieut. Col. 
 Storrs in command, they went on board the steamer ' Morning 
 Light,' and started down the river. About seven o'clock Plaque- 
 mine was reached, and the troops were landed under cover of two 
 gun-boats, and found the town abandoned by the enemy. The 
 companies were posted for the night in advantageous positions in 
 different parts of the town, and were soon comfortably housed in 
 deserted stores and other buildings. Picket duty and foraging 
 occupied most of the time. January 9 was an exciting day. The 
 pickets had hardly been posted in the morning, when the whole 
 detachment was startled by rapid firing at the bayou on the west 
 side of the town. All the companies were instantly under arms, 
 and went double-quick to support the pickets on the roads leading 
 into town and at the bayou. The rain was pouring in torrents all 
 the time. At the bayou firing was brisk for a few minutes, and the 
 woods on the opposite side contained many rebels. They finally 
 disappeared, and quiet reigned about the town. The alarm was 
 caused by a scouting party; for the many rumors which had been 
 heard led our boys to believe that a strong attempt was to be 
 made to drive them out of town. On Sunday, January 11, many 
 members of the companies, mindful of their New England bring- 
 ing up, went to the Presbyterian church to attend service. They 
 far outnumbered the natives in the congregation. The minister 
 announced that he would not preach under military restrictions 
 (though no one had imposed any), and that there would be no ser- 
 vices in that house so long as United States troops occupied the 
 place, and dismissed the congregation. Rev. and Capt. Bissell, 
 who was in the congregation and who had had some experience in 
 preaching at home, at once arose, and announced that he would 
 preach there in the afternoon. At the appointed hour he held a 
 real New England service, preaching a fine discourse. On subse- 
 quent Sundays he held services in the same church, which were 
 well attended by the boys, a few natives venturing in. 
 
 "A cavalry companj', under command of Capt. Perkins, came 
 into town a day or two after our boys, and aided in picket duty. 
 The companies were but scantily supplied with rations, and forag- 
 ing was indulged in on a large scale. An abundance of chickens, 
 geese, milk, eggs, sweet potatoes, etc., were brought into the camp, 
 and so officers and men lived on the fat of the land. Nearly all 
 of the officers provided themselves with fine horses. Foraging 
 
54 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 expeditions were organized to cross the bayou and visit planta- 
 tions two or three miles away, in sight of rebel pickets. On the 
 23d of January came the most memorable foraging expedition of 
 all. The stock of edibles was nearly out, and something must be 
 done to fill the larder. A lieutenant, with twenty men from Cos. 
 C and G, started in a new direction down the river. About three 
 miles below the town was a fine plantation owned by a rebel 
 colonel, his wife left in charge. It was soon evident that the boys 
 had struck a rich vein. Poultry of every kind was abundant. 
 Pigs roamed at will, potatoes, eggs, and various things good for 
 hungry men were everywhere. Soon there was such a babel of 
 sounds as would have totally eclipsed the ancient Babel. Turkeys 
 gobbled, hens cackled, geese screamed, pigs squealed. Stone- 
 wall Jackson's foot cavalry were nothing compared with the way 
 the boys ran with all sorts of winged denizens of their race. The 
 boys had the best of the race every time. Soon an enormous pile, 
 fit to tempt the palate of an epicure, appeared in front of the plan- 
 tation home. An ancient African was pressed into service, and 
 politely invited to hitch up a mule team. After some excuses on 
 his part, and the use of powerful arguments to show him the folly 
 of these excuses, he was persuaded- to accept the invitation. Pres- 
 ently he appeared on the scene, under the protecting care of two 
 or three of the boys, with a mule as ancient as himself hitched to 
 what was once a cart. Into this vehicle, with many a tug and 
 groan, went first a full-grown hog which had accidentally, or other- 
 wise, run against a Co. C bayonet in one of the races above de- 
 scribed, then went in an almost countless number of feathered 
 contestants which had been vanquished in the same race. Pigs, 
 potatoes, eggs, sugar, molasses, were piled in on top. Who ever 
 saw a more miscellaneous lot of edibles in one cart, or more in- 
 viting to hungry men. All previous foraging had been out-for- 
 aged. Everybody was loaded with the consciousness of having 
 had a part in a great achievement. The ancient African was just 
 mounting the cart, after ineffectual attempts to decline an invita- 
 tion to drive the fruits of victory to town, and all were assembling 
 to return to camp, when, lo ! Lieut. Col. Storrs, with cavalry Capt. 
 Perkins at his heels, appeared on the scene. To his eager inquiry, 
 ' What does all this mean ? ' comes the quick answer, ' We are 
 carrying the war into Africa.' That hardly satisfied the colonel. 
 His conscience required a money equivalent for the good things 
 received. So he told Lieut. G. that he must pay for all the prop- 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 55 
 
 erty the squad had taken. The lieutenant scratched his head, 
 looked with amazement at the contents of the cart, and then at 
 the colonel, and finally told him that his pocket-book was as empty 
 as the chicken roost on that plantation ; and he must, for obvious 
 reasons, decline to pay. The colonel then turned to the men, and 
 told them that they must make up among themselves the value of 
 all they had taken. What a look of blank amazement came on 
 every face ! The paymaster had not been around since enlist- 
 ment. Continental soldiers at the close of the Revolution were 
 not more destitute of money than these men. Every man pro- 
 tested that he could not raise the value of the smallest Confed- 
 erate ' shinplaster.' Then chimed in the gallant cavalry captain. 
 ' It is a shame,' he said, ' to forage. My men never do.' And 
 when the lieutenant told him he was mistaken, that there was not 
 a day in the week and hardly an hour in the day when his men 
 did not go inside the picket lines with poultry dangling from the 
 sides of their horses, and that they boasted that they had not 
 drawn a ration from the government within a month, he replied, 
 ' But they always pay for what they take.' If the gallant captain 
 had not been killed a few months after in Port Hudson, it would 
 have been perfectly proper to characterize his statement as — a 
 whopper. Finding that his command was impecunious to an 
 amazing degree, the colonel ordered the whole proceeds of the 
 expedition driven to town, and turned over to the acting quarter- 
 master, to be issued as rations to the men. Grins take the place 
 of the troubled looks on the faces of the men ; and some one 
 called out, 'Why, colonel, that was the very thing we started out 
 to do.' It would be pleasant to know whether the colonel sus- 
 pected that the splendid truss of chickens he helped dispose of the 
 the next day at the officers' mess had arrived on that old mule- 
 cart. When the colonel made some inquiries later in the day 
 about the expedition and the reason for it, he was told that, when 
 Uncle Samuel sent a detachment of his boys into a hostile coun- 
 try and then forgot to send them rations, they could not live on 
 air for an indefinite length of time ; and his eyes were also opened 
 to the fact that, for the three weeks he had been enjoying the 
 splendid fare at the officers' mess, he had eaten nothing but for- 
 aged rations. And we observed that rations were more plentiful 
 from that time on, 
 
 "January 27 Pomeroy, of Co. K, died; and on February 3 
 Waite, of Co. C, also died. February i the cavalry company was 
 
56 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 ordered away; and on February 6 two batteries of the ist U.S. 
 Artillery landed at Plaquemine, and we felt easier. The next day 
 four regiments of infantry arrived from Baton Rouge, under com- 
 mand of Col. Payne ; and our companies received orders to return 
 to the regiment by the first boat. On the afternoon of February 
 8 they embarked on the ' Iberville,' and reached Baton Rouge 
 about midnight ; and the next morning they rejoined the regiment. 
 
 " Perhaps it was his experience at Plaquemine that led to this 
 story about Lieut. Col. Storrs. The lieutenant colonel offered to 
 bet he could take Port Hudson with the 5 2d Regiment alone. 
 When asked how he would do it, he replied, ' Put them in camp 
 within five miles of Port Hudson, tell them not to touch it, and 
 within two weeks they would steal the whole of it.' " 
 
 From Jesse L. Delano's journal : — 
 
 " One of the most disagreeable, dismal, muddy, and rebellious 
 places in Louisiana in 1863 was Plaquemine. On the west bank 
 of the Mississippi, about twenty miles below Baton Rouge, four 
 companies of the 52d were ordered, and landed about dark on the 
 evening of January 5, and found that almost the entire population, 
 except the colored people, were strong secessionists, and had 
 aided the rebellion in many ways. Rations had not been fur- 
 nished us. We must provide them for ourselves. Found a place 
 which abounded in poultry of all kinds, and our camp soon re- 
 joiced in a stock of oranges, chickens, ducks, geese, and turkeys. 
 We just revelled in chicken soup, roast turkey, and are not con- 
 science-smitten at the way in which we secured them ; for we 
 found the spirit of rebellion so strong that we felt justified in get- 
 ting what we wanted if we could find it in the hands of traitors to 
 our beloved country. Sugar plantations abounded about Plaque- 
 mine. Every one had an extensive sugar mill, and its storehouses 
 filled with sugar and molasses. We all had a weakness for sugar, 
 and the government's supply of three ounces a day seemed to us 
 unnecessarily small. One planter who lived near the village came 
 and claimed to be a Union man, and was afraid the rebels would 
 steal his sugar, of which he had a large quantity in his storehouse. 
 The colonel granted him liberty to draw it to the wharf, and send 
 it to New Orleans. Eighty hogsheads of it were then drawn and 
 unloaded on the wharf, and waited for the steamer to come along 
 and take it aboard. The boys wanted at least one hogshead of 
 that sugar for their use ; and, while the soldier on guard was walk- 
 ing in one direction and looking steadily ahead, six or eight of the 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 57 
 
 boys laid hold of a hogshead and rolled it rapidly away in the 
 other direction, where other men waited with boxes and barrels, 
 to which the sugar was rapidly transferred, to carry to our quar- 
 ters. The empty hogshead was rolled into the river and floated 
 down the stream. The next day a search was made for one miss- 
 ing hogshead of sugar, but nothing could be found of it ; for it 
 was securely hid under the piazza floor of the house occupied for 
 our quarters. We learned afterward that the owner of the whole 
 cargo proved to be a traitor, and the government confiscated and 
 took the whole amount when it arrived at New Orleans. Another 
 planter by the name of Desoby applied to the provost-marshal 
 for a guard, so that the negroes and the soldiers could not carry 
 away his sugar. He claimed to be a strong Union man. The 
 provost-marshal sent a guard on the condition that he would give 
 them flour, and furnish them sweet potatoes, meat, and poultry as 
 often as they wished. Delano and Whitmore were detailed to 
 guard the sugar. They stayed two days ; but, finding the old man 
 did not keep his part of the bargain, they returned to camp, leav- 
 ing the sugar unguarded. He, finding that his sugar was rapidly 
 disappearing, went and implored the provost-marshal to send back 
 the guard, and he would furnish everything he had agreed to. 
 They were accordingly sent back, and immediately drove off the 
 negroes that were stealing the sugar. The old man was so thank- 
 ful he said they might each of them have a barrel of sugar. So 
 they procured two of the largest barrels they could find, got a 
 darky to tamp the sugar while they shovelled it in till the barrels 
 were full. The next day the old man got permission to ship the 
 whole lot to New Orleans ; but he was soon arrested for aiding 
 the enemy, and the government confiscated all his sugar. The 
 steamboat captain kindly took Whitmore's and Delano's barrels 
 to New Orleans free of expense, and delivered them to Gen. An- 
 drews to send on to the late Rev. Erastus Andrews, of Sunder- 
 land ; and by him they were shipped to a friend at New York, and 
 eventually arrived home when sugar was selling at 20 cts. per lb." 
 
 Baton Rouge, February 11. 
 Mr. Eastman, — I have no report to make of battles lost or won. 
 It has not been the fortune of the 52d yet to meet the enemy. Yet 
 do not fancy that we lead an idle, listless life here. On the con- 
 trary, our camp is usually a hive of busy industry. When we came 
 on our present camping ground, it wore a most unpromising look. 
 
58 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 It was low and swampy, covered with a thick growth of under- 
 brush and brambles and a few large trees. Now everything is 
 cleared up except the large trees, and several of them have fallen ; 
 and we have a neat, picturesque camp. We are, apparently, doing 
 nothing, — that is, we have made no forward movement; and you at 
 home are asking very impatiently why we do not move on Port 
 Hudson. Let me answer your question by asking another. 
 "Have you a solid stone wall on your premises? Why don't 
 you get up some fine morning, and go and butt your head against 
 that stone wall ? " It would not pay, would it ? Neither would it 
 pay for us to butt our heads against the strong fortifications of 
 Port Hudson. We are not ready yet for such a movement. The 
 health of the regiment is improving, though there are sixty re- 
 ported sick in the hospital and seventy in quarters. There have 
 been three deaths to-day. 
 
 The box that was sent from Greenfield came through safely in 
 a little more than two weeks, and was cordially welcomed. Half 
 of the articles were spoiled. Some pies had outlived their useful- 
 ness when they arrived. It needs to be repeated that pies, cakes, 
 and jellies are not worth their cost to send to the soldiers. It will 
 be gratifying to the friends of Co. A to know that there has not 
 been a death in their company. They have, however, just now 
 more cases of measles than any other company. The regiment are 
 generally in good spirits. 
 
 D. W. Lyman writes to the Northampton Gazette: — 
 
 ^^ February ii. — The report had spread that the four companies 
 were to return to-day. When they came up, they were greeted with 
 three hearty cheers. They speak in glowing terms of the land of 
 Plaquemine, a land flowing with milk and honey. 
 
 " The question has been for some time past and is now discussed, 
 ' Is it best to arm the negroes, and will they make good soldiers?' 
 To the above question my answer would be in the affirmative. I 
 have been very much disappointed in the negro population in this 
 part of the country. They are more intelligent as a class than I 
 expected to find them. A portion of them are industrious, with a 
 deal of common sense ; and many want to go in and help what they 
 can toward putting down the rebellion, and I hope they will have a 
 chance to do so before long. 
 
 '■^ March 12. — Our regiment, and indeed the whole army, has 
 been on the qui vive for the last three or four days, waiting for the 
 
BATON ROUGE PLAQUEMINE EXPEDITION 59 
 
 order to march ; and on Wednesday, after everything was packed, 
 the cooks were ordered to prepare two days' more rations, which 
 was done and we were ready to march. But it turned out not to be 
 a march to Port Hudson, but a grand review, after which we re- 
 turned to camp with orders to be ready to move at twenty minutes' 
 notice. Tuesday morning Co. A rejoined the regiment, and com- 
 panies are once more together, but not all. Thirty who went into 
 camp with us now rest beneath the sod, and will nevermore return 
 home to receive a happy welcome." 
 
 On Thursday, the 12th, everything seemed to be ready for a 
 start. "Now," said the boys, "we will see what Port Hudson is 
 made of." All superfluous baggage has been sent to the rear. 
 The order to "fall in " was given about nine o'clock. The 52d boys 
 bravely shouldered their knapsacks, containing only what they 
 thought indispensable, swung over one shoulder the haversack 
 filled with two days' rations, and over the other the cartridge-box 
 with forty rounds of ammunition, and were confident that they 
 could march to Port Hudson, twenty miles away, capture it, and 
 return the next day. The bands played their best, and on we 
 start. But how is this ? The column is headed to the south : 
 Port Hudson is supposed to lie in the opposite direction. At last 
 it entered our heads that it was a grand review we had come for, 
 and no march on Port Hudson after all; and a grand review it 
 was, — very pleasant "to those on horseback who did not get un- 
 horsed in jumping a deep ditch, very tiresome to those on foot 
 who had some forty pounds' weight to carry. We marched about 
 in the heat for two hours, and then back to camp, more wearied 
 and no wiser than when we left it. 
 
 From Hosmer's " Color Guard " : — 
 
 "The other day I watched Nims's battery at drill. The cannon 
 and caissons are all out. I pass in front of the muzzles that they 
 have drawn up for a start. To-day Capt. Nims does his own 
 bugling. ' Toot ! toot ! ' a chain of notes, and then all go on the 
 gallop. ' Toot ! toot ! ' now they stop and limber. ' Toot ! toot ! ' 
 off again by the right flank. Swords waving, harnesses jingling, 
 and horses kicking with the excitement. All done to a little chain 
 of clear bugle-notes. Every horse as ready as if those notes lin- 
 ger on in some way to that great rattling of the battery. Rather 
 ungracious business, Capt. Nims, blowing your own trumpet, but 
 you do it very well. 
 
 " We are at last ready for a start. Gen. Banks comes up with 
 
6o HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 a multitudinous staff. Now is the time for splendid steeds, — 
 coursers fitted for an Homeric chariot, like the war-horse of Job, 
 his neck clothed with thunder, — arching necks, prancing limbs, 
 fetlocks spurning the furrow, blacks and grays prancing and rear- 
 ing from well-filled cribs ; for each horse has had his nose in a gov- 
 ernment crib. Banners droop, drums roll a salute. The general 
 removes his cap. He is splendid ; his staff behind splendid, glit- 
 tering with bullion and lace. All is splendid. But the color guard 
 thinks it is rather hard work to look at even a splendid spectacle 
 in heavy marching order, Down the line on a full canter now 
 come the general and his brilliant staff. After they are passed, 
 the whole division defiles before them, regiment behind regiment 
 drooping its ' good-morning ' to the general in its dipping colors as 
 the lines wheel, pass before him, receiving a wave of his cap in re- 
 turn, horn and bugle, drum and fife, filling the air with glorious 
 sound, the great host, with rhythmic foot-beat, moving mightily 
 onward." 
 
/.^, ^?^crzn<f 
 
V. 
 
 BATON ROUGE. 
 
 [Fee. 12 TO March 13, 1S63.] 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Under the Magnolia Tree, 
 Feb. 12, 1863. 
 
 Attended the funeral of Sykes, of Co. D. I stopped at the 
 express office with a package of money for you to distribute. I 
 am really running an express office with packages of money, espe- 
 cially for the men in the hospital. The measles have broken out, 
 and we are having many cases. Graves is much better. The 
 general impression now is that a movement is soon to be made. 
 
 February 15. — I have not written to you since yesterday. The 
 rain is pouring upon the roof, and very few are stirring ; but I 
 have had a pleasant evening. Lieut. Kellogg came in, and we 
 entered upon a theological discussion. Presently the colonel 
 came in, and shortly after the major, and we had a very interesting 
 talk for more than an hour, sitting in the dark. I am sorry to say 
 that Dolly is behaving very badly. She pulls with all her might, 
 and breaks everything she can. Yesterday I tied her to a tree. 
 She pulled all she could, and I let her pull and went about my 
 business. When in the hospital, a darky rushed in, and said, 
 "Chaplain, your horse has got killed e'enmost, — got down, and 
 couldn't get up." " What happened then .? " I said. " Oh, me 
 and nudder white man helped her up." She was a sorry picture, 
 indeed. She had thrown herself into the mud of the gutter, and 
 was completely covered with it from head to tail, as were the sad- 
 dle, poncho, and haversack which I usually carry attached to the 
 saddle. She had become entangled with the bridle and halter, 
 and would have died if she had not been released. I did not ride 
 her back to camp ; for the inference would have been that the 
 chaplain's horse had been in the gutter, even if the chaplain had 
 not. I don't know what I shall do with the jade. I must have a 
 horse. I cannot do without one. She never looked better nor 
 felt better than she has to-day. Last night Lieut. Col. Storrs 
 came in to say that he had been to Gen. Grover's headquarters 
 
64 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 of the forenoon, and had a conference with him about finding a 
 larger house for this class of patients. Then to the regimental 
 hospitals, where I held a brief service. Then a ride about the 
 city, in search for a proper house for a measles hospital. I think 
 I found just the right thing. 
 
 Monday Evening. — A beautiful day. Visited the hospitals as 
 usual. Went with Dr. Patterson to see about a measles hospital. 
 We found an empty building which is just the thing. I had a 
 squad of men detailed to remove the sick men there. Then to a 
 chaplain's meeting, which is held every Monday morning. I have 
 become very much interested in these meetings. The chaplain of 
 the 2 2d Maine attended four funerals yesterday. That regiment 
 has lost forty men, and has more than two hundred and fifty sick. 
 
 ^^ Baton Rouge, February 24. — Sunday was the anniversary of 
 They have suffered more than we. It is the only regiment that has. 
 Washington's birthday, and some of the regiments had the holiday 
 in honor of the event yesterday; and the soldiers amused them- 
 selves by foot-racing, climbing a greased pole, and various other 
 ways. Business at the jail has been good for the past two or 
 three weeks, since the paymaster's arrival. There are those who 
 will get drunk if they can get liquor. As a consequence, they get 
 locked up in the jail. I am happy to say that none of the 5 2d 
 boys have been arrested for drunkeness. I had, or rather took, 
 time to stop at the camp of the 52d and hear our chaplain preach 
 a sermon on the text, ' Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall 
 see God,' — the first sermon I have heard for weeks. There are a 
 good many sick in the hospital, and they have as good care as we 
 are able to furnish them." — E. If. 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 March i, 1863. Sunday Evening. 
 
 Yesterday we buried Morton, of Co. I., the twenty-first death 
 since we landed. At 2 p.m. we assembled for service, two hun- 
 dred or so present; and I preached from Exodus iii. 5. After 
 we were through, men stopped for a while to sing ; and one came 
 to me to know what my opinion was upon some points of theology 
 that he discovered in my discourse. I told him. Of course, he 
 did not agree with me, so we had an argument ; and a crowd 
 gathered round. The indications are revived of a speedy move- 
 ment somewhere. The men are impatient for it. We have lived 
 a weird, monotonous camp life for three months. We have been 
 long enough in this swamp, and long for the excitement of a 
 
BATON ROUGE 65 
 
 change, even if it bring increased danger and hardships. It is a 
 splendid night, and tattoos are sounding from all sides. Such a 
 rattling of drums you never heard. There is a great deal that is 
 very showy and exciting about this kind of life, but I do not care 
 how soon it is over. The war need not be prolonged a day on my 
 account. I found a lizard in my bed to night, but he was as glad 
 to get out as I was to have him. The great business of our regi- 
 ment now is getting and sending letters. In this we have the pre- 
 eminence. Our mails are estimated by bushels, those of other 
 regiments by pecks. 
 
 March 5. 
 
 . . . Yesterday was a great day for the 5 2d. A mail had arrived 
 during the night. I secured the loan of an old horse (Dolly is too 
 lame to use) and four of Co. A boys. We found two big bags for 
 us, which we swung over the nag ; and, while I led the horse, two 
 of the boys on each side steadied the bags. We marched up to 
 camp where our arrival was hailed with much rejoicing, expressed 
 by the familiar phrase : " Hurrah for the mail ! Hurrah for the 
 chaplain ! " I know you are anxious about the fever. I have 
 been as careful as I know how to be. It would not be hazarding 
 too much to say that at least one-half of the cases of sickness and 
 death is to be attributed to some carelessness on the part of the 
 men. It is strange how they will eat anything and everything they 
 can lay hold of, in spite of all the warning. On the whole, the 
 health of the regiment is improving. To-day we have fifty -three 
 in the hospital, one hundred and three reported sick in quarters. 
 Of these about twentv are recovering from the measles. Hill- 
 man, of Co. I, died yesterday. This morning I found at the 
 quartermaster's office a package from home, sent by Dr. Ingersoll, 
 who forwarded it from New Orleans. Ball thinks my stock of 
 handkerchiefs and towels is quite too large. So I took those that 
 came this morning and went through the hospital, where I found 
 several men who had lost their solitary towel and handkerchief. I 
 soon disposed of all my stock. 
 
 We have been having quite an excitement for a few days about 
 an order which has come to be ready to move at once. We expect 
 to be off somewhere very soon, but as yet nothing has come of it. 
 There is something in the wind, — I cannot guess what. Dolly is 
 getting over her lameness, but is ugly as sin ; shies at all sticks of 
 wood by the roadside, and does what Adam did generally. What 
 did Adam do? He raised Cain, did he not? She is a spoiled 
 
66 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 child, — spoiled by having her own way. The trouble with her is 
 that she is naturally of a timid and retiring disposition. She 
 was bred for peace, not war; but she will get used to it if I sell 
 her, as I am disposed to, into the artillery service. The letters 
 from home speak continually of my hardships. I don't see them. 
 The fact is, I am living an easier life than at home. I ride about 
 two or three hours a day, visit two or three hospitals, sit in my tent 
 and talk with the boys, who, I am inclined to think, are much more 
 disposed to come in here and talk with the minister than they 
 are at home. I write letters, and read the newspapers, — not a 
 very hard task, and nothing to make a martyr of. So don't waste 
 any sympathy. 
 
 They are bringing a lot of gunpowder here, and are experiment- 
 ing with twenty-pound Parrotts ; and close by us the muskets are 
 rattling away vigorously. I told the doctor I thought they were 
 wasting too much powder. " Yes," he said, " they might just as 
 well be killing somebody with it." Professional, was it not? 
 
 March 6. 
 . . . You spoke of seeing Mrs. Dodge, whose husband is in Co. 
 D. He is a very sick man, in the general hospital. 
 
 March 9. 
 . . . To go back to yesterday, I went to inspection at nine, and 
 at eleven to the cemetery, to attend the funeral of Alonzo Dodge, 
 He died on Saturday at the general hospital, to which he was sent 
 on Friday. He was from South Deerfield. His death seems very 
 sudden and sad. He had the shortest sickness of any one. He 
 was a stout, good looking man. As soon as that service was over, 
 we had another for Johnson, of Co. K. On Saturday, too, we 
 buried Farnham, of Buckland. Then to camp, to have a service 
 there ; but it was so hot and windy I had it postponed to evening. 
 Orders have come to have everything packed and stored away. 
 We have orders to carry with us our blankets and overcoats, and 
 to be ready to start at 3 p.m. ; but it is now 8 p.m., and we are not 
 off yet. Where wo. are going I do not know ; but, without doubt, 
 our ultimate aim is Port Hudson. We shall probably have some 
 awful fighting there. We have as yet seen only the outer 
 edge of war. Now, I suppose, we shall see it in its fearful reality. 
 These nice, roomy tents we must exchange for the little shelter 
 tents, or none at all. Our comfortable table must be given up for 
 
BATON ROUGE 67 
 
 such fodder as the camp will furnish. I expect to see harder times 
 than I have yet experienced. I have seen but a little of hardship 
 as yet. I start ofif in good cheer, and with the hope that the 52d 
 will do something worthy the cause and the good Common- 
 wealth she represents. The men are in good spirits ; but we 
 must leave about two hundred sick ones behind. Three months in 
 camp life are enough for us, and we welcome a change. 
 
 March g. — We have a good deal of sickness, but no more than 
 other regiments. One Maine regiment, the 2 2d, has lost twice as 
 many men as we have. It is noticed that regiments coming from 
 the more northern latitudes suffer more severely in getting accli- 
 mated, and that the excess of mortality is the greatest among the 
 young, the mere boys, or those not yet in the prime of life. With 
 improving health come more elastic spirits. The time was when 
 sour faces and grumbling voices were almost the rule rather than 
 the exception ; but now we can sing, laugh, and joke, and make the 
 evening air ring with the sound of merry voices. Our tents are 
 floored with boards raised several inches from the ground so we can 
 keep comfortably dry in wet weather. Many a good rebel house 
 has contributed to our wants in fitting our tents and cooking-houses 
 in proper shape. The water is all poor, and the old well at home is 
 the subject of the warmest encomiums. For my part, I would like 
 a sight of those hills and valleys from which pure water comes. 
 Deliver me from the monotony of level lands, where there is not 
 a rock nor a stone nor a rippling brook, where the landscape, 
 whether beautiful or not, is never in sight, and where men, sur- 
 rounded on every side by clumps of forest trees, are as ignorant 
 of what is going on around them as a cricket in the grass or 
 chickens in a corn-field. 
 
 From Stowell's journal : — 
 
 '''■March 10. — We are still here, every minute expecting the 
 order to march. I should like a good home meal of victuals be- 
 fore starting, but shall have to make hard-tack go in place of it. 
 
 '■'•March 11. — Lewis Williams, of Co. E, was accidentally shot 
 with a pistol this morning. A friend of his was examining the 
 pistol, and thinking it was not loaded, when it discharged, the ball 
 entered the bowels. He is badly wounded." 
 
VI. 
 
 THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON. 
 [March 13, 1S63.] 
 
 Col. Greenleaf's account: — 
 
 " Port Hudson, a great stronghold of the enemy (engineers said 
 as strong as Vicksburg), commanding the Mississippi River and 
 wholly obstructing navigation, was but twenty-two miles above us, 
 and, as was reported, had a force equal in numbers to our own, — 
 that is, equal in numbers to the 19th Army Corps; and it was 
 important that this formidable stronghold should be reduced. 
 
 " Accordingly, early in March preparations were made for a 
 simultaneous attack by both army and navy on Port Hudson. 
 Admiral Farragut came up from New Orleans on the ' Hartford,' 
 with his fleet of gun-boats; mortar-boats were also brought up and 
 anchored ; the necessary orders were issued to the army by Gen. 
 Banks, convalescents sent to hospitals or put on light duty, tents 
 struck, ammunition and rations served ; and on the 13th of 
 March both army and navy commenced active operations, with 
 the view to co-operating with Gen. Grant, then thundering away at 
 Vicksburg, in a determined effort to open up the Mississippi to 
 free navigation. 
 
 " It seemed to have been agreed between Gen. Banks and Ad- 
 miral Farragut that the former should make a demonstration with 
 the land forces on the rear of Port Hudson, while the latter, with 
 his mortar and gun-boat fleet, should attack in the front, and seek 
 to pass the long line of powerful batteries planted on the high 
 banks of the river, with the flag-ship ' Hartford,' the frigate ' Mis- 
 sissippi,' and the ' Albatross ' ; that, when once above the rebel 
 batteries with these vessels, the admiral would control the river be- 
 tween Port Hudson and Vicksburg, and could cut oK supplies and 
 re-enforcements coming from the rich Red River country for Gen. 
 Gardner at the former place and for Gen, Pemberton, commanding 
 at the latter; that, if, while Farragut should be patrolling the 
 river above. Banks should withdraw his army from below and 
 make an expedition through the rich and fertile La Fourche and 
 Teche Counties to the Red River, capturing and destroying on the 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 69 
 
 march a considerable force of rebels commanded by Gen. Dick 
 Taylor at Fort Bisland on the Teche near Brashear City, the rebel 
 Gen. Gardner, feeling more secure and lacking provisions, might 
 deem it advisable to reduce his force at Port Hudson, and thus 
 ultimately render the capture of the place less diffcult. At any 
 rate, this was about what did actually happen. 
 
 "On the 14th of March, the next day after breaking camp 
 at Baton Rouge, the land forces camped a few miles below and 
 to the rear of the enemy's fortified town, the fleet in the river oc- 
 cupying much the same time in moving up that the army did in 
 marching, 
 
 " We knew that gun-boats kept nearly abreast of us, from famil- 
 iar sounds which came to us now and then from the river. 
 
 "Late the same afternoon, by order of Gen. Grover, the 52d 
 Regiment, accompanied by engineers and artists competent to ex- 
 amine and sketch the topography of the country, as well as the 
 fortifications, made a reconnoissance some two miles in advance 
 of the main body of the army and to within a few hundred yards 
 of the enemy's works, driving his picket line before them, and 
 there leisurely took their observations. 
 
 " I expected every moment, while in this advanced position, to 
 draw the fire of the opposing batteries, but for some unexplained 
 reason we did not. However, the reconnoissance was hand- 
 somely made, and in such manner as to give me renewed confi- 
 dence and pride in my little command. It was performed in such 
 satisfactory manner as to elicit ' congratulations ' and compliments 
 from both our brigade and division commanders. This service 
 done, we marched back some distance with our 'flankers' still 
 out, and soon after dark, by order of Gen. Grover, filed into a 
 piece of heavy wood by the roadside, established our picket line, 
 and lay down on our arms, awaiting further orders, the profes- 
 sionals who accompanied us to the front going to the rear in the 
 mean time to report observations to the division commander ; but, 
 as by special orders from brigade headquarters we left camp in 
 light marching order, and as we could not build fires to warm our- 
 selves from fear of betraying our position to keen eyes over the 
 way, we suffered greatly from cold and exposure during the night. 
 Towards morning, a little before midnight, Nims's 2d Massachu- 
 setts Battery came up, took position a few rods in advance of us, 
 and opened a rattling fire on the fortifications and town. Anon, 
 we heard the booming of scattering, heavy guns opposite us on the 
 
70 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 high river-bank, a mile and a half away, and almost immediately, 
 louder than the loudest thunder from the sky, follows the deafen- 
 ing roar of a hundred pieces of artillery simultaneously discharged 
 from river and town ; and we realize that Farragut's Union broad- 
 sides and Gardner's Confederate batteries are joined at last in one 
 grand battle chorus ! 
 
 " The earth beneath our feet trembles at the shock ; and ' in 
 the twinkling of an eye ' the western horizon is in a blaze of glory. 
 Shells from the mortar-boats below are bursting over the enemy's 
 works in every direction, and the roar of cannon along the river- 
 front becomes incessant. The crash of artillery is simply tremen- 
 dous. Sights and sounds become absolutely terrific. We think 
 of Milton's description of battles in 'Paradise Lost,' and wonder 
 how the pending conflict will end. We tremble for the bravest 
 and best of admirals and his gallant fleet. But soon the terrible 
 cannonading slackens : we follow slowly the sound of heavy guns 
 up the river. Now we hear them no longer from that direction. 
 The firing ceases altogether in front. It comes to our listening 
 ears now only from below. Why is this ? We hear only at brief 
 intervals the report of a few guns, and each report comes from a 
 distance lower and still lower down the river, ' Can it be,' we ask 
 ourselves, ' that brave Farragut has been cut to pieces, — de- 
 stroyed, — and that some dilapidated remnant of his fleet is now 
 retreating down the stream, making her parting shots at the foe as 
 she drifts?' 
 
 " Thus we listen, ponder, and reflect, when, suddenly and unex- 
 pectedly as an electric flash from the region of darkness, the 
 heavens above and to the west are lighted up as by the unseen 
 flames of a conflagration, and, although in a dark wood, we see 
 and recognize each other's faces, and catch a sight of moss and 
 different kinds of bark on trees : then, on the instant, we plainly 
 feel an earthquake shock, and we hear from below a prolonged, 
 thundering sound, louder and more deadly than any before, much 
 resembling, in effect, the explosion of a powder-mill ; and all is 
 still again ! We wonder and shiver through the remaining hours 
 of the night, but cannot sleep. On the morrow we learn that the 
 admiral succeeded in passing the rebel batteries with the * Hart- 
 ford ' and * Albatross ' only ; that the other vessels were badly 
 shattered in the terrible conflict, and that the grand old 'Missis- 
 sippi,' world-renowned for her former service, had her rudder shot 
 away, and was set on fire in her attempt to pass ; that it was the 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 7 1 
 
 requiem guns of her gallant crew we had heard down the river, at 
 short intervals, the night before, as she floated with the current, a 
 helpless wreck, and that these guns were discharged only as they 
 became sufhciently heated by the consuming fire; that it was the 
 explosion of her magazine, when reached at last by the flames, 
 that caused us so much wonder at the close of the battle, and 
 that, with that explosion, the gallant craft herself was 'forever 
 numbered among the things that were.' " 
 
 THE RECONNOISSANCE, 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Baton Rouge, March 13, 1863. — At last we are ready for the 
 movement, for the long-anticipated movement. The start was 
 grand and imposing, as all military displays are. We are no 
 longer playing soldiers, but we are going into real service. Of 
 course, we knew nothing of the plans of the campaign, — they were 
 only for the chief officers ; but we had no doubt that we were 
 ready to assail the rebel entrenchments at Port Hudson. One 
 brigade after another, with its infantry and artillery, was wheeled 
 into its assigned place in the line, which extended as far as the eye 
 could reach. Every flag was unfurled, the bands played their most 
 inspiring music. 
 
 At the start the chaplain of the 5 2d Regiment furnished the 
 boys with a good deal of entertainment. 
 
 The day was hot. The march promised to be a long one, and 
 the load for each man was burdensome. A good many asked, as 
 a favor of the chaplain, that he would take their blankets upon his 
 horse. He consented ; and they were piled up in front and be- 
 hind him, till little more than his head was visible. Then the boys 
 began to chaff, calling out: "The chaplain is well barricaded : the 
 rebels cannot hit him. Nothing short of a shell can reach him," 
 etc. They had their laugh, but were glad to be relieved of their 
 blankets. It was our first march. We had been ordered to leave 
 everything superfluous behind. But- what did raw soldiers know of 
 what was superfluous? A few of us officers employed a colored 
 brother to carry in a bag upon his back a few articles we thought 
 indispensable. Returning sooner than we expected, we found that 
 his bag contained the following articles : tin cups, plates, boots, 
 sugar, coffee, tea (done up in my night-cap), bread, meat, a hair 
 comb, tooth-brushes, potatoes, knives, forks, towels, shirts, stock- 
 ings, and a curry-comb. 
 
72 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 We made a different inventory of things necessary before the 
 end of the campaign. We then found that a rubber blanket served 
 for house and bed. A tin plate and cup with an iron knife and 
 fork furnished all that was indispensable for kitchen and dining- 
 room. A tooth-brush and towels were all that were really needed 
 for the toilet. The one shirt could be washed in the muddy pool 
 in the rear of the camp, from which we obtained all our water, 
 wrung out as soon as washed and slipped on again. For parlor 
 we had all out-of doors, only we must not lift our heads very high, 
 unless we wanted to try their hardness against rebel bullets. 
 Much that we had been accustomed to regard as necessities we 
 found to be superfluities. I became so accustomed to use my 
 boots for a pillow, and they served the purpose so well, I wrote 
 home to sell out my share of the house pillows, as I proposed to 
 continue the use of my boots for that purpose henceforth. But I 
 am anticipating. 
 
 We halted for the brigades to be formed. Regiments moved 
 into line from every quarter. The infantry, cavalry, and artillery, 
 of which there were several splendid batteries, made our eiifective 
 force. At four o'clock the Jine was formed, and we started on 
 our way for Port Hudson. It was a grand and imposing spectacle. 
 The line stretched on as far as the eye could reach ; and, as the 
 road was level and straight, we could see a great way. At the 
 cross of the roads other regiments were waiting to take their 
 places, and the men cheered them heartily. Our regiment was 
 among the first in Col. Van Zandt's brigade, in Gen. Grover's 
 division. 
 
 It was Friday. We marched till 8 p.m., about eight miles. It 
 was a glorious evening, not very warm. The roads straight and 
 level and in good condition for marching. The trees are getting 
 into full leaf, the peach-trees in full blossom, the fences covered 
 with roses in full bloom, trumpet-flowers and a profusion of others 
 on either side, the men in good condition, singing and joking. I 
 rode in the rear of the regiment till sundown, and then put a Co. 
 K boy on Dolly and took his gun, which I carried for two hours. 
 It was quite dark when we halted, but starlight. 
 
 We left the road and wheeled into a corn-field full of ridges, just 
 as it was left when last year's crop was taken off. We halted on 
 a spot a little dryer than most, and there spent the night. We 
 had hard-tack, drank some cold coffee from our canteens, and 
 turned in. Going to bed consisted in taking off my spurs. It 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 73 
 
 was a splendid opportunity to study astronomy. I could have 
 told you in the morning the exact position of several constella- 
 tions I was warm enough ; but the rubber blanket over us was 
 wet with dew before we went to sleep. At first the men were a 
 little troubled at the want of pillows, but my saddle-bags answered 
 for two of us. My end contained the curry-comb and brushes, 
 and I confess it was rather a hard pillow. We were not allowed 
 to have any fires till after daylight. As it was getting light, our 
 pickets came in, while I was looking for some coffee for breakfast, 
 and brought two sheep. I took hold and helped carry them to 
 our sleeping places. The pickets were in great glee over their 
 two sheep. But their fine story was soon spoiled by my cousin 
 Hall, adjutant of the ist Louisiana Cavalry, whom I met just 
 then, who called out, " Cousin John, where are your sheep ? " 
 "What sheep?" I inquired. "Why, those I sent you .this morn- 
 ing." He then told me that he was out on picket with his cavalry 
 company, and killed some sheep, and, coming upon some infan- 
 try pickets, he found they belonged to the 52d Regiment, and so 
 gave them to bring in to me. The sheep were dressed, cooked, 
 and eaten in about the same length of time it takes me to tell the 
 story. By sunrise the order was given to "fall in." We were 
 soon on our way. The morning was delightful, the birds singing 
 merrily, and the air filled with fragrance. If we had been upon a 
 more peaceful errand, it w6uld have been as pleasant as possible. 
 When we came to a house, there would be great fun. The men 
 would rush in for water and whatever else they could find. Ball, 
 my assistant, found a pan of milk, and filled his canteen ; and I 
 had a swig of it, — the first milk I have tasted since I left home. 
 Some of the men would run down a hen or goose, bring it along, 
 and pick it as they marched. 
 
 It became very warm before noon ; and I offered Dolly to 
 Ford, of Co. A, as he was likely to fall out. I rode Dolly out of 
 the line for him to mount ; but no sooner was he in the saddle 
 than Dolly reared and fell over backwards. He was not hurt, and 
 tried it again and again. Dolly threw herself over, and rolled in 
 the ditch. He was not hurt, but got on at last, and rode till he 
 came up with the regiment. Then I took the jade, and kept her. 
 I think her determination was to carry no one but the chaplain. 
 The men became very weary, and fell out fearfully ; but they 
 brought up in the course of the day. When we halted, we were 
 drawn up in line of battle ; and we green ones supposed it was to 
 
74 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 be fought at once on that spot. The 91st New York was in front 
 of us, then the 520!, then the 24th Connecticut. Behind them was 
 the battery of our brigade. After standing for a while in battle 
 array, we were ordered to "fall to," but not on rebels, but on 
 rations. The 52d were on the left of the road : on the right of us, 
 a piece of woods, on the edge of which the field and staff made their 
 headquarters. Fires were at once started, and the indispensable 
 dish of coffee made, which washed down the hard-tack. A slice 
 of Bologna sausage was added to the chaplain's mess, without the 
 least inquiry as to the breed of dogs of which it was made. About 
 three o'clock the order was received for the 5 2d Regiment to march 
 without knapsacks or tents. It seemed to be a reconnoissance. 
 I asked the colonel if I should go or stay. He thought I might 
 as well stay behind with the baggage, as the regiment would return 
 before night. So there I spent the time till the regiment returned. 
 Ball and I had a shelter tent, and I was soon sound asleep. If I 
 were thirty years younger, I should enjoy this sort of thing tip- 
 top. 
 
 Regiments were passing all the evening, and a great many men 
 fell out near our tent. For them I prepared coffee, and arranged 
 some logs and rails for a shelter for them. About eleven o'clock 
 the grand display commenced. We could lie in our tents, the sides 
 of which were open, and see the sudden flashes of light, as of light- 
 ning on the horizon, and then see the curve of the shot or shell ; 
 presently could hear the booming of the big guns. At first they 
 were single discharges, and the reports were slow and solemn as 
 they rolled through the woods. Soon they became more rapid, 
 and report followed report ; but they could not be distinguished 
 from each other, except when some gun of larger calibre was fired, 
 when it would make the ground tremble beneath us. I could not 
 sleep, but, leaning on my elbow, watched the flashes and the 
 graceful curves of the shot and shell till I was weary of it, then 
 lay down again, quite unconscious of anything. When I awaked, 
 the firing had nearly ceased. Only occasional reports were heard 
 down the river. It filled us who were watching with great anx- 
 iety. It looked very much as though the rebels had fairly driven 
 our gun and mortar boats back down the river toward Baton Rouge. 
 We could see on the river a bright and sudden light gradually 
 moving down the stream. Was it one of our vessels on fire ? 
 I did not know. But it was certainly connected with the firing we 
 had been hearing. At last there was a splendid flash which illu- 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 75 
 
 minated the whole heavens. Then rolled up mingled flame and 
 smoke to the sky, and all the air was filled with masses of fire. 
 Soon a report followed, and the bright light disappeared. The fire 
 was out. It was a glorious sight. There is the greatest curiosity 
 to know what it all meant. All manner of rumors in the morning 
 were offered about it. First that it was the " Mississippi " steam 
 frigate, and then that it was a rebel fire-craft. I am inclined to 
 the latter guess, for no better reason than I hope that it is the case. 
 Daylight came at last. I was hastening to provide Dolly with 
 provisions for the regiment, but chanced to meet Gen. Grover, who 
 assured me that the regiment would be speedily relieved, and that 
 it would be useless to attempt to carry provisions to them. Soon 
 came word that a retreat to Baton Rouge was the next thing for us. 
 A mysterious order came to the effect that, " the object of the 
 expedition having been accomplished, the army will return." 
 Daniel W, Lyman writes to the Northampton Gazette: — 
 "On the 13th, at one o'clock, we received orders to be 
 ready to march in an hour. Our brigade was made up of the 91st 
 New York leading off, followed by the 52d Massachusetts and the 
 24th Connecticut. Nims's battery was with us, besides several 
 companies of cavalry. We marched about six miles, where the 
 regiment encamped ; but Cos. I and K, under command of Major 
 Winn, were put on picket duty, with orders not to sleep at all. 
 My opinion is that these orders were not strictly obeyed. The 
 next morning the companies on picket were started before they 
 had time to eat breakfast. Some succeeded in getting a cup of 
 coffee, but most went off without even that. About seven o'clock 
 the column was in motion. The day was hot, and we rested oc- 
 casionally, but not too often ; for it is hard work for a man to 
 walk with a knapsack on his back, the haversack on one shoulder, 
 with two days' rations, a canteen full of water, on the other 
 shoulder gun and equipments, with forty rounds of ammunition. 
 Resting for a little while at noon, we started on for two miles, on 
 the double-quick most of the way. Then we proceeded cautiously 
 through the mud and water, a squad of cavalry before and behind 
 us, when Capt. Bliss, who was out with his company as skir- 
 mishers, discovered the rebel earth-works some half or three-quar- 
 ters of a mile in advance. We presently fell back a mile or two, 
 and were ordered to halt and remain in the woods over night, to 
 guard the road and bridges. This was rather tough for us, from 
 the fact that we had no overcoats or blankets, and to camp down 
 
76 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 as wet with sweat as we were then seemed destructive to the 
 health of us all ; but that was the order, and there was no getting 
 away from it. But a fence near by furnished good material for a 
 bed, with a few leaves on top, so that we were tolerably comforta- 
 ble. A little past midnight Nims's battery passed us, and poured 
 back fire into their entrenchments. About three o'clock in the 
 morning a light was seen off towards the river, and it grew 
 brighter and brighter for an hour, and seemed to go down the 
 river, and finally a tremendous explosion was heard, after which 
 the firing ceased, and all was quiet. In the morning we heard all 
 manner of rumors; but the most probable one seemed to be, what 
 afterwards proved to be true, that our grand steam frigate, the 
 'Mississippi,' was blown up." 
 
 Corp. Hosmer's account in the " Color Guard," March 13 : — 
 "We are all in heavy order. An effective looking crowd, 
 though not exactly smooth and neat. We are on the point of 
 starting. The colonel comes riding back from the general with 
 the resolute smile he usually wears, but a little more expanded 
 than common. The colonel whispers to Capt. Long, whereat the 
 captain catches the smile and comes back towards his company, 
 the ' Color Guard ' : ' Gen. Grover says the 52d Regiment is the 
 best nine months' regiment in the service.' A little butter of that 
 sort will help over the hard march. That the general knows well 
 enough. 
 
 " The weather is grand. We are in a heavy magnolia forest. 
 The sun's rays cannot reach us. We go mile after mile. The 
 road is what it should be, not muddy nor dry enough to be dusty, 
 wide enough for the regiment to march comfortably by the flank 
 in sections of four deep. Sometimes we go over a hill, and then 
 ahead and behind we can see the big column of infantry, — a huge 
 caterpillar, eating its way through the woods, joints along its back 
 where the sections are separated, spiny as a caterpillar's back is, 
 with hundreds of muskets sticking out at various angles. The 
 night settles down, — a night of stars; and from the westward, as 
 the glow fades, rockets go up, signals from the fleet out of sight 
 in the river, ascending, like us, loaded with death against the great 
 fortress. Shall we march all night ? No one knows, not captain 
 or colonel, only Gen. Grover, apparently. But at last comes an 
 order to bivouac. The 'Color Guard' found a soft place among 
 the furrows. Two rubber blankets over a soft ridge make a good 
 mattress, then two woollen blankets over, and last the shelter 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 77 
 
 tents, not pitched, but laid upon the top by way of counterpane. 
 Lie down now, boys, with loaded pistol at the belt, every arm 
 where it can be got in an instant ; for Port Hudson fellows may 
 stir us up during the night. But jokes will come up, such as, 
 ' Corporal under the stump there, is your bedroom well aired ? ' 
 and the corporal replies, ' I think we shall make out not to suffo- 
 cate.' 
 
 "The next morning we make an early start. Two companies 
 are detailed as flankers. They go off into the woods fifteen or 
 twenty rods from the road on each side ; and throughout the 
 march we can see these two lines guarding the main party 
 from ambuscade. Through stumps and stalks, through old sugar 
 fields, plantation barn-yards, and wild swamps. The morning 
 deepens toward noon. Fewer soldiers leave the line to forage 
 among hen-roosts. 
 
 "The 52d grow red and sweaty, and we begin to see what I 
 believe is always seen when an army is on the march, — knap- 
 sacks, blankets, shelter tents, all the articles of a soldier's kit, 
 thrown away for relief. Occasionally we stop, and the stream of 
 men rush from the roadway to the grass at the side ; and in a mo- 
 ment every man has fallen on his back. A good way to rest, but 
 a dirty one. The pack behind supports you at a comfortable in- 
 cline. Sometimes we sit in the dust, sometimes in the dew. One 
 is not over-particular. Men begin to fall out. They lie panting 
 by the roadside, in fence corners, under bushes, with heads resting 
 on logs. A sorrowful sight, though not so bad as if we were on a 
 retreat. I find some relief for my shoulders in stooping over and 
 hitching the weight of the pack higher up on my back. It is rob- 
 bing Peter to pay Paul, but poor Paul has so much the harder 
 time that Peter ought to be willing to give him a lift. True, it is 
 hard. Whenever the column halts, I am flat on my back and in 
 the dirt at once. We stop for dinner at noon. Boom, boom ! big 
 guns from the river. We know that the fleet are as near Port 
 Hudson as we are. ' Fall in, men, at once ! ' is the call. ' Keep 
 cool, and do not waste your fire,' says Capt. Long to the men. 
 How do we feel ? We are going to meet the enemy, as we fully 
 believe ; and so do our officers. Who knows ? They do not. We 
 are to be pushed up in front of the whole army into close range. 
 The 52d is cool and yet eager. Not a man that can limp at all 
 wants to stay behind. Open the cartridge-box, and down the 
 powder goes into the barrel, now the ball. Half-cock, then cap 
 
78 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the cone, and all is done. If I have to fire, it will be for a cause. 
 Scruples now are mere squeamishness. 'By the right flank for- 
 ward ! ' Thayer carries the white State flag. The tall Sergt. 
 Moore carries the stars and stripes. Old flag, you are woven of 
 no ordinary stuff ! I march behind the sergeant in the great folds 
 of the flag. We go out of the field into the road with banners 
 waving, and, I hope, with the true light of battle upon our faces, — 
 soldiers in a noble cause. Boom ! go the far-away guns. We are 
 moving rapidly to the front. We pass by some camps recently 
 deserted by the rebels, where they have cut on trees some defiance 
 or warning, ' Beware, Yanks 1 this is a hard road to travel.' We 
 press on, till at length the column halts close within the range of 
 Port Hudson batteries. We can see the earth-works of the rebels' 
 stronghold. As the dusk deepens, the column turns and falls 
 back two or three miles, then camps in the woods. Our blankets 
 and baggage are four miles behind. Wet with sweat, we lie down 
 in our clothes without covering. At last the heavens reddened 
 high and far with a fiercer glare that moves slowly southward, 
 crimsoning in turn everything in sight. Meantime came the 
 booming of cannon slowly receding down the river. So we heard 
 the swan song of the stern old ' Mississippi.' A freight of dead 
 men are on her deck, and the bodies of drowned men are about 
 her hoary hull for retinue. Then comes a crash, a light making 
 all bright. The magazine has exploded. So passes the veteran 
 ship through fire and earthquake shock to an immortality in his- 
 tory." 
 
 Sergt.-Major Whitney gives a good description of the recon- 
 noissance in the Springfield Republican in 1867, a large portion of 
 which I here insert : — 
 
 " Port Hudson is a village twenty-two miles above Baton Rouge 
 and three hundred below Vicksburg. On the river side it has 
 very high bluffs ; and a bend in the river at that place enables 
 every battery to have a plunging fire for four or five miles, in the 
 course of any ship that might try to get by. For three and one- 
 half miles along the bluffs the most advantageous points had been 
 occupied with huge siege guns : well-sheltered furnaces for heating 
 the shots stood near. There were water batteries below. On the 
 land side elaborate fortifications had been constructed. Within 
 and about the works some of the best troops of the South had been 
 stationed. On the 13th of March we made start. The road lay 
 toward Port Hudson. It was in splendid condition, soft to the 
 
THE MARCH TO PORT HUDSON 79 
 
 feet, yet without a particle of dust. Our way was straight between 
 tall forest trees and wildly grand jungles. The weather was cool 
 and strengthening. The flags flapped or drooped as the breeze 
 rose or fell. The higher officers ambled quietly at the head of 
 their commands. The aides galloped up and down the road. The 
 batteries were sprinkled through the column, brightening the scene 
 with the red trimmings on the uniforms of the men. Common 
 sights of war, but they never grow old or dull, and they were then 
 new to us. 
 
 "On the 14th we pushed on seven miles. The 52d and 91st left 
 their knapsacks under the care of a few footsore men, and went 
 off at a canter. At the end of a mile we came upon the surgeons 
 working over Col. Clark, formerly provost-marshal of New Orleans. 
 His horse had been shot under him, and his fall had broken the 
 colonel's leg. To most of us it is our first sight of the bloodshed 
 of war. 
 
 "Presently we pass a number of cavalry horses, wounded men, 
 and other signs of a sharp skirmish. Hurrying on at a double- 
 quick, we pass the little camp-fires which the rebel pickets have 
 just left, and find the trees bearing such inscriptions as 'Yanks, 
 beware! this is a hard road to travel.' The 52d are alone now, 
 except for a squad of cavalry. We are moving with perfect cool- 
 ness, although we are not used to this sort of work, and ex- 
 pect every moment a storm of cannister, grape, and shell. We 
 wonder that they do not fire upon us ; but presently an order 
 comes to 'fall back,' and we withdraw for about two miles behind 
 a little bridge, and prepare, without blankets, overcoats, or tents, 
 to spend the night under the March skies as a picket outpost. 
 The 52d are two miles nearer the enemy than any other regiment. 
 It is guarding a bridge in its rear as well as one in front. Its 
 pickets are far out on each side. Suddenl}', at 11.30, from the re- 
 gion of the river there comes a burst of thunder that brings us to 
 our feet and to our guns in a twinkling. Discharge follows dis- 
 charge, — now the sharp snarl of a Parrott gun and now the shriek 
 of mortar-boat shells. Plain and tremendous as was the roar of 
 so many great guns, it was almost unintelligible to us. What did 
 it mean for us in our exposed position } The firing slackened at 
 last; and we lay down once more, dull with the loss of sleep, stiff 
 with cold, yet unable to sleep through anxiety and wonder. 
 What mean those huge shells from down the river? Have the 
 rebels fairly broken up Farragut's famous fleet and driv^en it off.'' 
 
8o HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 If it was not that, what could it be? At 5.30 a.m. came the last 
 pitch of horror. A great flash of light filled the southern sky. 
 We waited in suspense. Then rolled in upon us the crash of a 
 great explosion, then all was still again. About 10 a.m., wonder- 
 ing still what was to come out of the doings of the night, we called 
 in our pickets and started for our knapsacks. We wonder that 
 the enemy had not burned the bridges. And what did it mean 
 that, before starting, we set them on fire ourselves ? We waited an 
 hour till the bridges were blazing, and reached our knapsacks at 
 noon, and there learned that a portion of Farragut's fleet had 
 passed the rebel fortifications, while the other portion had been 
 destroyed. The ' Hartford,' with whitewashed decks and lights 
 all concealed, got just around the curve, and then was discovered. 
 The batteries opened upon her, but got as good as they gave. 
 The flash of the guns revealing the position of the whole fleet and 
 the vessels of which it was composed, they were fired upon inces- 
 santly and with unerring accuracy. The smoke of the firing made 
 steering, for the ships behind, difficult. Two hundred-pound balls 
 flew about like hailstones. The ' Hartford ' and ' Albatross ' went 
 on out of the danger to range the river up to Vicksburg, doing 
 great harm to the Confederacy. The ' Richmond ' had almost 
 passed, when a shot through her steam-chest disabled her and 
 filled her with steam. The 'Genesee 'had to take her back to 
 safety below. The ' Monongahela ' grounded, was pulled off, 
 started on again, but was struck and disabled. At last came the 
 historic old 'Mississippi.' She got past the worst, and had put 
 on full steam, but, in the deepest smoke of all, ran hard aground 
 on the west side of the river. The enemy at once gave her their 
 full attention, but the ' Mississippi ' was doomed. The iron-clad 
 ' Essex ' came up, letting the enemies' balls pound harmlessly on 
 her scaly back. The wounded were taken aboard her, the frigate 
 was then set on fire by her officers, and 210 of her 233 officers 
 and crew were landed on the western shore. The ship burned 
 till her increasing lightness set her free to float, a magnificent 
 spectacle, down the river. Early in the morning from the little 
 spot of light and of fire down the river came the awful flash and 
 roar of the exploding ship. These things were what we heard and 
 saw. Oh, to have seen them in full view ! Oh, to have shared 
 the effort to get by instead of being tortured with uncertainty ! " 
 
VII. 
 
 MARCH BACK FROM PORT HUDSON. 
 [March i6.] 
 
 Col. Greenleaf s account : — 
 
 " Having substantially accomplished the object of the expedi- 
 tion by the passage of the ' Hartford ' and ' Albatross ' up the 
 river, orders came to us in the wood the next morning, Sunday, 
 March i6, to take up our return march for Baton Rouge. As on 
 our march up, we found the roads as smooth, hard, and well- 
 graded as a Northern race-course. But we had not been long on 
 our return march when it began to rain, and to rain as I never 
 saw it rain before. It actually descended in torrents, and soon 
 became a flood, — a perfect deluge. I do not believe our great 
 ancestor, Noah, ever saw a greater one. 
 
 " The highway, so very fine before, soon became one continuous 
 quagmire, with clay mud nearly ankle deep ; and thus we con- 
 tinued to 'tramp, tramp, tramp,' and the rain continued to pour 
 until night-fall, when, the enlisted men all being foot-sore and 
 drenched to the skin, the officers drenched ditto, with their boots 
 full of water, and the whole brigade tired, hungry, and pretty much 
 disgusted with themselves generally and everybody in particular, 
 the 52d Regiment, by order of powers above it, which I vainly 
 sought to get revoked, like a drove of swine was turned into a 
 dreary, treeless, fenceless, houseless swamp, where the water was so 
 deep in places that, when we stacked arms, it actually came up to 
 the guards on the breech of the guns. No place to sit down, much 
 less to lie down ; no fire and nothing to make fires of ; of course, 
 no coffee; of course, no whiskey; dark as Egypt, and raining still 
 like great guns all night, — there we stood, or wandered gloomily, 
 aimlessly about until morning, as sorry and dejected a set of mor- 
 tals as ever marched up a hill and then marched down again, 
 with stomachs empty, shoes full of mud, feet well parboiled and 
 nearly raw from blisters. 
 
 " From this ' Dismal Swamp,' this ' Slough of Despond,' we the 
 next morning hobbled, like so many lame ducks, to a firm camping 
 
82 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 ground on the banks of the Bayou Montecino, a short distance 
 away, where we dried, cleaned, rested, and fed ourselves, and 
 thence, a few days later, returned to our old camping ground at 
 Baton Rouge, to prepare to march on the first Red River expe- 
 dition." 
 
 Chaplain's letter to Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Sunday morning, March i6, brought us the sad news that the 
 " Mississippi " frigate was certainly destroyed. It seemed to us as 
 if the whole fleet had been destroyed. Everything looked like a 
 defeat and a disastrous retreat. 
 
 A baggage wagon broke down near us, and was set on fire. 
 The bridges were loaded with rails, to be set on fire after we had 
 passed them. An order was sent to the baggage train to return. 
 They wheeled about, and rushed in the direction of Baton Rouge. 
 About 2 P.M. the 52d came in, pretty tired and used up. Had had 
 no sleep for two nights, to speak of. The order was to " fall in " 
 at once. The hot coffee was prepared, the knapsacks were slung, 
 and the order given to march. As we had been in the advance 
 on the upward march, we were quite near the rear on our return, 
 and we must keep up with the main line ; and they in front led us 
 on at a good smart rate. Our first stop was for a moment in front 
 of Gen. Banks's headquarters, where a few ambulances were wait- 
 ing to take in the sick. I saw that Warren Mattoon, of North- 
 field, was getting used up, and placed him on the horse, while I 
 took his gun ; for it was loaded, and I did not want he should carry 
 it on Dolly's back. In a moment the order was given again to 
 " fall in." The air was very sultry : the thunder rolled in the dis- 
 tance. On we pressed in good order. No appearance of haste, 
 except in the rate we were moving. No crowding nor pushing, 
 but on, on : no stop made. The men were very weary. Off would 
 go a blanket upon the ground, then a great coat or knapsack, then 
 a man would fall out, and the column would press on and leave 
 him behind. The clouds rolled up dark and ominous. I took my 
 place in the ranks, tried to persuade the men that we had not been 
 defeated, that it was a part of the strategy of war. Some were 
 satisfied, others discouraged, and growled. The colonel had a 
 sick man on his horse. Presently the rain began to pour. It was 
 about five o'clock. I looked about for Mattoon and Dolly, to get 
 my great coat and poncho, but could not find them, so pressed on 
 with the rest. I felt well ; was not wearied to start with, as the 
 men were. The walk enlivened me. But such a rain ! The 
 
MARCH BACK FROM PORT HUDSON 83 
 
 thunder and lightning were such as can be got up only in this 
 warm climate. The rain poured in torrents. The road at once 
 became muddy and sticky ; and the labor of marching was very 
 much increased, of course. At six it became dark, only as the 
 lightning glared and flashed upon us. We were about six miles 
 from Baton Rouge. I supposed, of course, we were going in at 
 once ; and I had a bright prospect of going to Lieut. Stearns, at 
 the contraband quarters, and getting some dry clothes and a de- 
 cent place to sleep. What was our surprise to find that we were 
 advancing out of the road into a swamp at our left ! There was 
 no help for it. Such were the orders. " Ours not to make reply, 
 ours not to reason why." We might as well take it good-naturedly. 
 And there we spent Sunday night. It was a new piece of ground, 
 — that is, just cleared, — and stumps and logs and a growth of 
 bramble nearly six feet high remained. The soil was black loam, 
 which yielded at once to our tread ; and the muddy water was any- 
 where from three inches to three feet in depth. The rain con- 
 tinued to pour. It w^as utterly useless to attempt to pitch any 
 tents. We did not attempt it. We obtained a few rails, and made 
 a few fires. Some of the men stood around these fires all night : 
 some lay down in the water, and slept. I walked up and down a 
 cleared spot where there were less brambles and not more than 
 four or six inches of mud till ten o'clock, when I mounted a log 
 with other officers ; and we sat there and told stories and joked 
 with each other. Ball sat down in the water by the side of a 
 stump, and held Dolly all night. The rain only came in gusts 
 after midnight till morning. About three o'clock I squatted down 
 by Ball, Capt. Long on the other side of the stump. Of course, 
 long before we reached the swamp, every bit of clothing was wet 
 through. I wanted to take my boots off and pour out the water, 
 but I knew, if I did, I should not be able to get them on again. 
 About five it grew light. 
 
 I told Ball to look after Dolly and the blankets, for I was bound 
 to push on to Baton Rouge. I supposed the regiment would fol- 
 low as soon as it was fairly light. I found the road, and trudged 
 on for a mile or so, and found I was in the second division, Gen. 
 Emory's, which was in our rear going up, but was in our advance 
 coming down. 1 found I was near the 53d Massachusetts. I 
 asked a sentry where Capt. Mudge was. It was six o'clock, and 
 Mudge was still wrapped up in his blanket. I never had a more 
 cordial welcome. The 53d had not been up so far as we, and 
 
84 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 started three hours ahead to return, and reached their stopping 
 place before the rain began. The captain had some rails laid upon 
 the ground, and on them was spread some musty old sugar-cane. 
 He gave me this bed, and I was stretched out upon it very soon. 
 His man soon brought me some hot coffee and some fried pork 
 and mutton, which I ate without plate, knife, or fork, and was soon 
 fast asleep. Early in the morning I started again for Baton 
 Rouge, and soon came across some stragglers of the 5 2d. I was 
 by this time persuaded that the regiment was not coming up, and 
 urged the men to return to the camp. The sun had come up very 
 hot, and we were uncertain what to do. While waiting, a mule 
 team came along. We asked for a ride, loaded ourselves in, and 
 got back to camp very easily. The camp by daylight was unlike 
 anything you ever saw but a big pig-pen in a storm. The men 
 were not sick, but terribly foot-sore and tired. They had had 
 three nights now without sleep, and a long march with no place 
 to sit down, except in the mud. There were a few cases of rheu- 
 matism ; but the men were paddling about barefooted, with blis- 
 ters on their feet as big as copper cents. The rations were getting 
 short, and hard-tack was welcome. At two o'clock came an order 
 to "fall in." It was very hot, and I had to shirk for myself; for Ball 
 had gone on with Dolly. What should I do for a blanket ? When 
 we had marched a little way, I found a good one lying upon the 
 road, which some one had thrown away. I picked it up, and with 
 the aid of some of the boys gave it a hasty inspection, to sat- 
 isfy us that it was not inhabited, and then swung it over my 
 shoulder. After an hour's march we came to high ground on the 
 bank of the river. Here we stacked our , arms and pitched our 
 tents. Throwing down my poncho on as dry a place as 1 could 
 find, I lay down to rest. When I awoke, I found that Lieut. 
 Stearns had just come in from Baton Rouge, and reported that 
 the express you had sent had come. He brought up a bottle of 
 currant wine " for Capt. Long, packed by Mrs. Moors, directed by 
 Mrs. Aiken." We emptied it in less time than it took to pack it. 
 I turned in at night with Capt. Perkins and seven others in two 
 shelter tents pitched together. I slept soundly from seven o'clock 
 till nearly five in the morning, when we were ordered to be ready 
 to march at once. We hurried through a breakfast of hard-tack 
 and coffee, but have not started yet, and it is now half-past 
 nine. 
 
 We have our clothes out drying, and have a rail to sit on and a 
 
MARCH BACK FROM PORT HUDSON 65 
 
 drum-head for a desk, the sun boiling down on my head fiercely. 
 It is amusing to witness the different ways in which the men take 
 such an experience as we have had in the swamp. Some are 
 good-natured and cheerful, full of life and fun ; others are as cross 
 as they can be, swearing about Gen. Banks and everybody else, 
 cursing the war and the government. The fact is, if it had not 
 been for the hard rain, we should have had a pretty good time of 
 it. It was hard work, and that was all. It has been pretty tough ; 
 but for one I have been well, and have positively enjoyed it, and 
 especially the remembrance of it now it is over. Where next the 
 Lord knows, but we don't. 
 
 J. F, Thayer writes in his journal, "The 52d boys are finding 
 out that they are not on a grand picnic." 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 ^^ March 14. — In the morning we were early on the road, and 
 our company were employed as flankers. We perform this duty 
 enough to satisfy us. The road was good enough for us after 
 that experience. When it was dark, we were quietly withdrawn 
 and marched back some two miles, where we bivouacked for the 
 night. The 15th, no coats nor blankets nor tents, and very little 
 food. Not much sleep that night. The next day, the i6th, we 
 had orders to return. We were too tired and ugly to march fast 
 enough. The officers warned us to hurry, or we should be taken 
 prisoners. Rations had been left with our baggage, but they 
 feared the rebels would get it. The wagons had been set on fire. 
 An officer rode up to the colonel with the cheering news that the 
 rebels were after us ; but that did not scare us much, nor make us 
 hurry. It was a sullen, ugly lot of men who filed out into the road 
 leading back to Baton Rouge. After a march of ten or twelve 
 miles, we filed into a field, where we were to pass the night. And 
 such a night ! Mud and water six or eight inches deep all over 
 the field. Of course, no one cursed the general who had ordered 
 us into that slough ! The only thing that amused us this night 
 was the fact that one of our officers fell off a log and nearly 
 drowned. I suppose, when this place was selected, it was all right ; 
 but the storm had put a new face upon it." 
 
 From J. K. H. : — 
 
 " Sunday morning came. Towards noon Grover's aides came up 
 with word to fall back, to fall back. Are we going to retreat then ? 
 Back we go over the same road as yesterday. We pass the 
 bridges, and see men with fuel prepared to set them on fire as 
 
86 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 soon as we have passed. I hear a field officer say, ' The enemy's 
 cavalry will soon be after us ! ' In an hour or so we are back to 
 the camp of Saturday noon, passing, as we march, signs of a hasty 
 retreat. What does it all mean .'' Are we retreating, without firing 
 a shot ? There is no elasticity or mirthfulness. The knapsacks 
 are heavier than they should be, the men are sullen. Yesterday 
 we felt sure of a battle, but the enemy fell back ; and now we are 
 falling back before them. We halt for a while, when every one is 
 on his back in a moment. But fewer men fall out, for they fear 
 capture by the enemy. In the middle of the afternoon it begins 
 to rain. I never knew it rain so hard. The road becomes a deep 
 pudding, and the gutters are rivers. The army splashes on 
 through the rain, dreary and disheartened. About five o'clock we 
 reach a field where we are to encamp. We turn in to the swamp, 
 to pass the most tedious night of our lives. We waded and 
 stumbled forward to the middle of this dreary quagmire. Could 
 we stop here for the night ? We had marched rapidly ten or 
 twelve miles, and were exhausted. The general had left orders 
 for us to stop here. We had no choice. Wet to the skin, I threw 
 ofif my knapsack into the mud. We managed, as the night fell, to 
 get a fire started in a charred stump. Then, through the evening 
 dark as pitch, we went stumbling about, to find sticks for fuel. At 
 ten o'clock, putting my knapsack into the mud in the driest spot 
 I could find, I sat down for the night. As I sat on my knapsack, 
 it settled into the mud till it just kept me out of the pool. Once 
 in a while some one waded forth after wood. On every stump and 
 log were figures wrapped up in rubber blankets, trying to sleep. 
 I mistook S. for a charred stump. I began to haul him to the fire, 
 when a feeble and sudden voice ordered me to desist. There was 
 more rain; and, when morning came at last, such a half-drowned, 
 haggard set as the men were ! But there is spunk in the regiment 
 yet. We have scarcely anything to eat. Nobody wants to do 
 much, but the foragers go out. This matter of foraging is a hard 
 one. I see what a scourge to a country an invading army is. All 
 this marauding goes on ruthlessly. We are suffered to kill cattle, 
 pigs, and poultry. Sheep and pigs are bayoneted, sugar-houses 
 plundered, private dwellings entered. I took no active part in 
 foraging, though I know I was more than once a partaker. It 
 was, in fact, our only way to live. When one and another of my 
 comrades offered me steaks and a canteen of molasses and haver- 
 sacks of sugar, hungry and tired as I was, I w'as glad to take the 
 
MARCH BACK FROM PORT HUDSON 87 
 
 share offered. War is horrible, and this feature of plunder is one 
 of its horrors." 
 
 From Lyman : — 
 
 ^'- March 1 6.— This Sabbath forenoon was spent very pleasantly ; 
 but about noon the regiment received orders to retire, and burn 
 the bridges behind them. We reached our knapsacks about half- 
 past two in the afternoon, but there was no rest for us : we simply 
 had time to drink a cup of coffee and then to ' fall in,' and re- 
 treated. We were told that we had accomplished all we came for, 
 and were retreating according to the programme ; but we could 
 not see it. Hitherto the weather had been pleasant, and the roads 
 good ; but not long after we started the clouds began to threaten, 
 the thunder to roll, and there was every indication of a heavy 
 thunder-storm, and presently the rain began to pour, and continued 
 to descend in torrents, soaking every one of us through and filling 
 the roads with mud. And then, instead of taking us on to a 
 decent camping ground, we were marched into an old swamp, than 
 which a worse one could not be found for miles around ; and 
 there we had to spend the long hours of that rainy night. A few 
 fires were started with rails brought from fences within gunshot, 
 through mud and water from two to six inches deep ; and here, 
 wet and foot-sore, we were obliged to stay. Col. Greenleaf, as 
 well as most of the officers, stayed with us, instead of going into a 
 house near by ; and he has ever tried all in his power to make 
 everything easy for the men. 
 
 "At noon on Monday we were marched out to the bank of the 
 river, where we had a comfortable camping ground ; but we had a 
 short rest there, for the next morning, Tuesday, came the order to 
 pack knapsacks, and be ready to march at a moment's notice. 
 Here we are again, so foot-sore that we can hardly walk, to march 
 seven miles, to guard a train of wagons securing cotton ; and, as we 
 thought we had found a comfortable place for the night, came the 
 order to march back again in the dark. And to prevent men from 
 falling out we were told there was a large force of rebels follow- 
 ing us up, and an attack upon our rear and flank was expected. 
 We reached our camping ground again at eleven o'clock, just about 
 worn out. Such is simply what we have been through for the last 
 live days. We hope now to have a few days' rest before we start 
 again, though that is doubtful. The idea of marching back and 
 forth to get a little cotton to fill some speculators' pockets is rather 
 galling to the soldiers. If we could see the thing was necessary, 
 
88 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 there would be no grumbling; but the worst times we have had 
 were not from necessity, — at least, it looks so to those who have 
 suffered most." 
 
 Sergt.-Major Whitney's account : — 
 
 " On Sunday morning we tramped back the three miles to our 
 knapsacks, and got water, food, and very little rest. Soon comes 
 the dreaded cry, ' Fall in ! ' and we march back seven miles to 
 those cross roads w'here we spent the first night out. The journey 
 is not sweetened by the belief that we are somewhat foiled, and 
 are retreating in disgrace. Presently it begins to rain, and for 
 two miles there is a steady drench falling. The mud or water is 
 anywhere from our ankles to our knees. The sergeant-major cuts 
 a hole in each boot toe to unload his boots, and goes on flinging 
 alternate squirts of mud and water from his toes as he goes. 
 When Banks went on the previous Friday, he said there the 52d 
 will encamp on their return. It was then a good enough place ; 
 but, when we got there Sunday night, it had become a poisonous 
 swamp. It is growing dark. Our wet knapsacks are like lead ; 
 but where shall they be dropped? There is nowhere to sit down, 
 nowhere to sleep. 
 
 "Night falls. Some fortunate ones are stretched out upon logs, 
 confirming the conviction that they cannot be any wetter. Many 
 of the men, under the stress of hard marching, have thrown both 
 overcoat and blanket away. The quartermaster sergeant and 
 sergeant-major placed three rails together for a house, put more 
 rails under them for a bed, put their rubber blankets above them 
 for a roof, and lay down to attempt to sleep. It keeps on raining 
 just as hard as at first. The spot for their elevated position be- 
 comes a channel, and then they find themselves a dam across 
 a little stream. Never mind : it rises against them, goes around 
 their feet, slides under their necks, and filters through their clothes 
 and their hair. Soldiers looking for fuel pull down their house 
 over their heads ; and so they lie uncovered, the water coursing by. 
 The doctor is not far off: he went to sleep sitting in grandeur on 
 a log. He is now down like Dagon, but, unlike Dagon, whole 
 and asleep. He has fallen forward, all doubled up together, his 
 knees, elbows, and fore-arms, and the top of his head under water. 
 ' If I were only in my father's pig-pen,' said one ; and all agreed. 
 
 " The sun struggles out at last; and we are extricated, and moved 
 a mile west, to the bank of the river. It is an excellent place, 
 and we are glad enough to get there. Our feet are not only blis- 
 
MARCH BACK FROM PORT HUDSON 89 
 
 tered with marching, but parboiled with the water and slime, till 
 they have the feeling and appearance of mushrooms. We fling 
 ourselves down upon the ridges of the cotton-field, and turn our 
 poor feet up to the sun, and fall into a heavy and genuine sleep, — 
 the first we have had for three nights." 
 
 From Stowell's journal : — 
 
 "Last Sunday, after going this way and that, we started back 
 for Baton Rouge. About three o'clock it began raining very hard, 
 and continued so without cessation until the next morning. At 
 night, about dark, we were turned into a lot to camp; and it was 
 the hardest night some of us ever saw. There was no place but 
 that the mud and water were ankle-deep; and we were wet through, 
 minus dinner and supper. Morning came at last, and the quarter- 
 master got us a little coffee, which we made in our cups, and fared 
 better. I had marched the day before barefooted, as my shoes 
 had blistered my feet so I could not wear them." 
 
 B. S. Parker writes: — 
 
 '■^ March 20. — Our company were put on picket again, and of 
 course I came up as one. Here the regiment had to lie down and 
 without anything to lie upon, with no covering but a thin blouse, 
 all sweat through. The next morning I was stiff and sore, my feet 
 blistered, and I felt worn out. All the company were in the 
 same condition. It was on Sunday, the 15th. At ten o'clock 
 we were ordered to fall in again, and away we went. I got tired, 
 and fell out, as a good many others did. We had scarcely halted 
 before we were ordered to shoulder our knapsacks and march. I 
 thought I could not walk a step further. I did not care to fall 
 behind, for we expected the rebels might attack us at any time ; 
 and the officers took all possible care not to have any one left 
 behind. We marched the rest of the day till after dark. In the 
 afternoon it began to rain, and it was a regular Southern rain, too. 
 Rain, rain, rain, for a long time in torrents, drenching us to the 
 skin, and through mud and water ankle-deep, through sop and 
 splash. After dark we stacked arms in mud and water from four 
 to six inches deep, and stopped for the night. We marched that 
 day some ten miles. We could not lie down, for the mud and 
 water would cover us if we did. My feet were parboiled and 
 shrivelled up, as tender as a boil. The next day we were so used 
 up that we could do nothing. And those who could not march 
 were ordered to report to a hospital a mile or so away." 
 
 It was interesting to observe the different spirit in which men 
 
go HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 met the discomforts of that rainy night in the swamp. When it 
 began to dawn, so that the colonel could find his way among the 
 men, one of the privates addressed him, saying, " Now, colonel, is 
 not this as bad as it could be? " " No," said the colonel, "it is not 
 as bad as it could be," " Well, how could it be any worse ? " 
 growled the soldier. " If we had made an assault this morning," 
 said the colonel, " and been repulsed, and had two or three hun- 
 dred wounded men to bring along and leave in this swamp, that 
 would have been a good deal worse." The grumbler had nothing 
 more to say. 
 
VIII. 
 
 THE COTTON RAID. 
 
 [March i8.] 
 
 '■''March 17. — We were moved from the swamp to an open 
 camping ground near the river. It was luxury itself to strip off 
 our mouldy garments, and, while they lay sunning on the grass, 
 wash the stiff muscles and blistered, parboiled feet in the bayou." 
 
 A COTTON RAID. 
 
 March 20, 1863. 
 My dear Wife, — I am lying on my back in a shelter tent, about 
 seven miles above Baton Rouge, on high, dry ground near the 
 river, at Bayou Montecino. I hope you will receive the long let- 
 ter of our tramp to Port Hudson and back and the night in the 
 swamp. Tuesday morning, March 18, I went to the river, and had 
 a good wash of my clothes, which I wrung out as well as I could, 
 and put them on again. On returning to camp, I found the order 
 had just been received to "fall in"; and the regiment started at 
 once with knapsacks, tents, and camp kettles. Some one had 
 blundered. The order should have been without these encum- 
 brances. We were told that we were only going about four miles. 
 One mile brought us back to the swamp on which we spent Sun- 
 day night. The road had a familiar look. It was the same on 
 which we had marched to Port Hudson and back. It was very 
 warm : the men were fearfully foot-sore, and began to fall out in 
 great numbers. We halted, after a march of six miles, in a good, 
 dry place. It was too good to hope that we were to spend the 
 night there. In a few minutes the order came again to "fall in " ; 
 and, after a march of a mile, we turned into a field wet and 
 springy as it could be. After waiting till sundown for orders, we 
 had supper ; and a splendid one it was for me, for I had some of 
 your tea. Before we were half through, and it was growing dark, 
 the order came again to " fall in." Everything was hurried up, 
 and we started on our march back with all haste to the place 
 where we started in the morning. John Barnard, Co. D, suppos- 
 ing we were to stay over night, had climbed a tree to get some 
 
g2 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 moss for a bed. He lost his hold and came to the ground badly 
 injured. We put him into a cart, and brought him along. We 
 were up within a mile of where our camp was last Sunday morning. 
 It was dark when we started, and seven miles back. Such a march 
 we have not had. The rumor was that the rebels, informed of 
 our position, had thrown their forces into the woods on our left. 
 Our guns were loaded, we were ordered to abstain from talking, 
 and to move at a rapid rate. I took my place in the ranks, carried 
 a gun for a man who was ready to fall out. Before we got into 
 camp I took another gun ; but, as I had no knapsack and it was 
 cool, I enjoyed it very much. There was no little excitement 
 about it. I expected we should hear the rebel rittes crack at us at 
 any moment, but no such demonstration was made. After we had 
 made about five miles, we reached the outposts of our army, and 
 all sense of danger was past. The order to preserve silence was 
 not enforced ; and such scolding and swearing you never conceived 
 of. Some of the men were sullen and cross, some cheerful, some 
 even jolly. I trudged along, first with one company and then 
 with another, and had a good time to talk in low tones with the 
 men. Before we reached the camp the men began to straggle 
 fearfully. Company lines were disregarded, and men got along as 
 they could. The main batch were in at 1 1 p.m., but the stragglers 
 were coming in all night. No chance for any tents that night. 
 We spread our rubber blankets on the ground, and the woollen 
 ones over us, and I slept as soundly as ever in my life. What was 
 all this tramp for? do you ask. It was to steal, or, rather, to con- 
 fiscate, a lot of cotton. We escorted back a whole line of bag- 
 gage wagons loaded down with cotton. I hear we had ninety-five 
 bales. Whether it paid for the wear and tear of flesh and spirit 
 I do not know. Arthur Browning, Co. A, was completely broken 
 down. The men's feet were a sight to behold. They had been 
 parboiled in the water and ashes of the swamp on Sunday night, 
 and then this march had worn and chafed them badly. The whole 
 of the next day was given up to rest. Towards night, in company 
 with Quartermaster Clark, I rode to Baton Rouge, seven miles, — 
 a succession of camps the whole distance. I enjoyed the ride 
 very much. It is such a gallop — where she can go as she pleases 
 — that brings out Dolly's good qualities; but marching two miles 
 an hour, with a crowd behind, brings out only her bad qualities. 
 She kicks and bites all she can reach. She has a special spite 
 against Dr. S.'s " yaller pony." I stopped with Lieut. Stearns, and 
 
THE COTTON RAID 93 
 
 he put me upon a bed, — the first I have had since I left New York ; 
 but I could not sleep. I rolled and tossed all night, the air of the 
 house seemed so hot and close. 
 
 The next day was a very busy one. Your express packages all 
 came in good shape. I looked them over, and made three classes : 
 first, clothing for the hospital ; secondly, food for the hospital ; 
 and, thirdly, private packages. I worked upon these packages all 
 day. I sent all I could to the hospital for immediate use. More 
 than a hundred of our men were left here, and thirty-seven had 
 been sent to New Orleans. At sundown I started back to camp, 
 and had a splendid ride of it. The heat was over, Dolly felt well 
 and the grass did not grow under her feet. A large portion of the 
 way was through camps lining both sides of the road. The fires 
 were lighted, the men were lying and standing in groups about 
 them. I reached camp at eight o'clock, and was soon in bed — 
 that is, on the ground — and asleep. The amusing part of this 
 camp life is the variety of uses to which things are put. For in- 
 stance, Ball is using his boots for a candlestick, and I mine, as 
 usual, for a pillow. 
 
 The next day I wanted to go to Baton Rouge, hoping I should 
 find a mail ; but I concluded to send Ball. The colonel thought 
 we should stay where we were two or three days. I lay upon my 
 stomach, with a tin plate for a writing desk, and wrote this letter. 
 At noon an order came to be ready to start for Baton Rouge. 
 What a fix I was in, to be sure ! My own duds, Ball's and Dolly's 
 and no Dolly to carry them. I rolled them up, and got them on 
 to the quartermaster's wagon. I cut a stick for a cane, and started 
 on with the regiment. After walking about five miles, the colonel 
 insisted upon my taking his horse, which I did for the rest of the 
 way. We reached our old camp ground at sundown, tired and 
 foot-sore enough. The next day was spent in getting things into 
 a condition so that we could live, but the cosey comforts of our 
 old home are all gone. But we are learning every day how many 
 things we can do without. 
 
 J. K. H. writes : — 
 
 '■^ March i8. — We hoped we were to remain here for several 
 days, but the order came early in the morning to be ready for a 
 start. We were ready at five o'clock, but we did not start until 
 twelve o'clock. That is another of the ways of war. Two brigades 
 of us sfo seven miles on the now familiar road towards Port 
 
94 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 Hudson, escorting government wagons that are sent out for cotton. 
 All along the way wagons stop at sheds, and begin to load up. We 
 see on every side plenty of signs that the enemy have just been 
 there in force. We are close upon them as they retire. We en- 
 camp in a fine, dry grove, and soon are falling asleep. ' Fall in ! 
 fall in ! ' the word is passed quickly along, without the usual tap 
 of drum ; and in five minutes we are rushing back to Baton Rouge. 
 It is not thought prudent to stay in that exposed position. Scouts 
 report a heavy force of the enemy on our left. We must keep to 
 the ranks, with files well closed, pieces loaded, mouths shut, and 
 must go at a tremendous rate. We have hardly five minutes' rest 
 in the whole seven miles. It is a cruel march for men with feet, 
 and indeed bodies, in the condition of ours. Some of us march 
 with bare and bleeding feet. On the latter and safer half of the 
 road men drop out to rest by the roadside till morning. When we 
 get back to the camp ground which we left at noon, it seems as if 
 all life and spirits were crushed out. We have carried heavy 
 knapsacks for fourteen miles, when they might as well have been 
 left behind. I recall, as I write, the tall, erect figure of the colonel 
 outlined against the midnight sky as he sat on his horse at the 
 entrance to the field ; and the ear still answers to the tone of sym- 
 pathy in which he gave the last orders for the night, and com- 
 mended the exhausted men. The next day we were let alone, and 
 slept and washed and ate, though the pigs and chickens had 
 disappeared under the foraging of the day before. 
 
 "On Friday we are on the road again at a great gait, to which 
 we are getting used, and back to Baton Rouge, entering our old 
 camp at Baton Rouge after just a week's absence. 
 
 " But our respite was a short one ; for on Tuesday forenoon the 
 drum sounded once more, and the order came to pack everything 
 again, and to 'fall in.' Sudden orders had come to march. This 
 time we were to go out to protect a heavy train of wagons about 
 to proceed along the Port Hudson road to gather the cotton 
 stored in the planters' barns. The regiment was already foot-sore, 
 jaded, and suffering from want of sleep. Both my collar-bones 
 turned ' Peace Democrats,' and protested against a further prosecu- 
 tion of hostilities. 
 
 " We marched out seven or eight miles before we halted, when 
 we reached a plantation from which a rebel force had just re- 
 treated. They were hardly out of sight when we came up, and we 
 followed close after them down the road. At length we halted 
 
THE COTTON RAID 95 
 
 for the night, as we supposed. Many of the men were much fa- 
 tigued and sadly foot-sore. But it was clear it would not be safe 
 to spend the night within so short a distance of the powerful 
 enemy. After a hasty supper the order came to * fall in,' and 
 under the starlight we marched silently and rapidly back. I like 
 a night march. The air is more bracing, the roads less dusty. 
 There is far more scope for romance. There was ample room for 
 the play of fancy. The rebel scouts, no doubt, had already 
 looked at the embers where we cooked our supper, while the cav- 
 alry swayed forward to occupy the road as we retired. The regi- 
 ment suffered sadly. Many marched with bare feet, and towards 
 the end of the route sank to the ground with fainting limbs, to 
 pass the night by the roadside. We reached the camp we had 
 left in the morning at midnight. We had strength only to spread 
 our rubber blankets, and fling ourselves on the ground. Next 
 morning the regiment was a poor-looking crowd of hobbling 
 cripples. The next day we were ordered back to Baton Rouge, 
 and to the old camp under the magnolias which had become home 
 to us. Ragged, tattered, contented, burnt like Indians, unkempt, 
 unshaven, but ready for another start. We have marched fifty 
 miles during the week, — fairly waded through mud, dust, heat, and 
 a deluge of rain." 
 
 From the chaplain : — 
 
 Baton Rouge, March 24. 
 Mr. Eastman : 
 
 Dear Sir, — I wish, through you, to acknowledge the receipt of 
 $25 from the Greenfield Young Men's Christian Association, to be 
 used for the sick of the 5 2d Regiment. It will be sacredly used 
 for the purpose for which it was designed, and will render good 
 service in procuring delicacies which the sick so often need and 
 which are not included in army rations. We have a good deal of 
 sickness, and, as we are about moving, our regimental hospital is 
 broken up. Thirty-seven of our sick have been sent to the hos- 
 pital at New Orleans. Of the number here, some are within the 
 trenches and some within the old U.S. barracks. I wish I could 
 say they are as comfortable as they ought to be. It makes one's 
 heart bleed to go about among these young men, and witness the 
 sufferings he cannot relieve. The women at home have done all 
 their generous natures have prompted, and we have on hand piles 
 of sheets and bed-ticks and shirts and bandages ; but more than 
 these are needed to relieve the sufferings of this crowd of sick 
 
96 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 men. There is, first of all, the feeling of being alone, away from 
 kindred and friends and the gentle ministrations of woman and 
 the home, which are often harder to bear than physical pain and 
 suffering. We have had a grand march to Port Hudson, and a 
 grand march back again. I do not know whether to report a vic- 
 tory or a masterly retreat. Gen. Banks's order pronounces the 
 object of the expedition accomplished ; and yet we came back 
 sooner and quicker than we should if our object of the expedition 
 had been accomplished. 
 
 Baton Rouge, March 24, 1863. 
 
 My dear Wife, — We are back at the old place, but without the 
 comforts of the old tent. Indeed, we have rather shabby accom- 
 modations. I think yesterday was as glum a day as I have had 
 in camp, — the first time I have been at all homesick. In the 
 first place, we had frequent and terrific showers of lightning, thun- 
 der, wind, and rain ; and it was as muddy and nasty and sticky 
 about the camp in general and the chaplain's quarters in particu- 
 lar as it could well be. Then there was a throng of men coming 
 all day long with their letters, wanting me to repair postage-stamps 
 spoiled by the soaking that they had had in the swamp on that 
 memorable Sunday night. The two funerals of Alfred Clapp and 
 Washington Stebbins did not tend to promote cheerfulness. In 
 addition to all, I had taken cold, and felt sore and uncomfortable. 
 I had not had much to do, and no energy to do what had to be 
 done. On the whole, I confess I was cross. I tried to write an 
 acknowledgment for the packages received from home, but I fear 
 I made a bungling matter of it. This morning it cleared off, the 
 soreness left my bones, and the sourness my spirits. You caution 
 me not to expose myself. I am less exposed than the men, it is 
 true ; but I am not free from exposure. In our marches last week, 
 for instance, when we were liable to be fired upon every moment, the 
 first effort of the rebels, of course, would be to empty the saddles. 
 It would do more toward throwing the column into confusion than 
 anything else. I speak of this, not to alarm you, but to show that 
 the chaplain is not exempted from the hazards of war. 
 
 The hard part of coming away from Baton Rouge was leaving 
 so many sick behind us. It made me very sad, and not a little 
 provoked. The general hospital is what has been the deaf and 
 dumb asylum. I think it is a well-managed institution. One of 
 the physicians is Dr. Greene, of Northampton, who feels a good 
 deal of interest in the 52d boys. To his care I intrusted the 
 
THE COTTON RAID 97 
 
 sheets, etc., that I had sent there. The rooms are all well aired, 
 and the beds are comfortable. There are a dozen of our regiment 
 there, all that Dr, Sawyer can get in. There are about five hun- 
 dred in all. There is a convalescent hospital within the entrench- 
 ment. Here are gathered about two thousand sick men, some 
 quite sick, others less so. The hospital consists of old barrack 
 buildings and tents. I went yesterday into one of the arsenal 
 buildings used formerly to store arras, where I found more than 
 three hundred sick men lying upon the floor. They were in four 
 rows, extending the whole length of the room. Their blankets 
 spread upon the floor, their only bed : their knapsacks served for 
 pillows. I found none of the 52d boys there. 
 
 In another large building close by there is a room in which 
 there are twenty or thirty 52d boys, and in some tents close by 
 there are fifteen or twenty more. They have miserable care, al- 
 most none at all ; for rarely does a doctor go near them. Their 
 food is the scantiest and meanest. I hear that the medical direc- 
 tor brags that he does not mean to make those men very comfort- 
 able. He means to make it so uncomfortable that they will prefer 
 to join their regiments. In other words, men really sick must 
 suffer, because there are some men who will shirk and stay in the 
 hospital when they should be in the ranks. It seems too hard. 
 Our first order yesterday was to take with us all who could be 
 moved. In the afternoon it was countermanded, and another 
 given to take only those who could stand a march. Of course, 
 all in the hospital must stay, and twenty-five or thirty more sick 
 in quarters when our tents were struck. There had been no pro- 
 vision made for them. They sat and laid about the doctor's quar- 
 ters all the evening. Just before the regiment started some am- 
 bulances came and loaded them in, and drove them off, — I 
 presume pitched them out in those tents, and without the least 
 thing for their comfort or anybody to care for them. It is not 
 Dr. Sawyer's fault, though he has to bear the blame for such 
 things. The trouble is the want of system in the whole depart- 
 ment. 
 
IX. 
 
 BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY. 
 
 [March 27 to April ii, 1863.] 
 
 Col. Greenleaf s account : — 
 
 " On the 27th of March the second brigade of Gen. Grover's divi- 
 sion and other troops steamed down the river to Donaldsonville, 
 fifty or sixty miles distant, at the mouth of the Bayou La Fourche, 
 where all disembarked and camped on beautiful green grass for 
 the night. 
 
 " The distance through La Fourche country from Donaldsonville 
 to Terre Bonne — about forty miles — we made by easy marches* 
 and thence took rail for Bayou Boeuf, near Brashear City, on the 
 Atchafalaya. And what a change was this from our most cruel 
 march from Port Hudson, and our worse than Egyptian night in 
 the swamp! 'Grim-visaged war ' had not yet desolated this fair 
 region, truly said to be ' the Garden of Louisiana.' The sun shone 
 bright, skies were clear, breezes fresh, roads excellent, landscapes 
 beautiful ; the air was sweet-scented, water good, the verdure 
 green ; flowers were blossoming in gardens and fields, birds were 
 singing in hedges and trees, children, white and black, were prat- 
 tling by the wayside or romping around each family mansion ; 
 negroes, old and young, of all colors and both sexes, were hanging 
 in great numbers on the fences ; vast cultivated fields of sugar- 
 cane and cotton greeted our eyes on every side ; enlivening 
 strains of martial music floated on the air, and patriotic songs 
 were sung; 'the goose hung high,' and 'all went merry as a mar- 
 riage bell.' This was the pleasant side of war." 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Donaldsonville, March 28. 
 
 Here we are in a new place We came this morning, and shall 
 probably leave in a day or two. I wrote you yesterday from our 
 old place at Baton Rouge. About sundown the order came to 
 strike our tents. We had packed up all our superfluous clothing, 
 to be sent to New Orleans. The tents were struck, the floor 
 boards and cook-houses and all the debris of the camp were set 
 on fire. The whole scene was very picturesque and exciting. 
 The army wagons were busy gathering up the tents and baggage. 
 
BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY 
 
 99 
 
 and added to the excitement of the hour. At 8.30 in the evening 
 the line was formed. With drums beating, we marched to the 
 city, and at once were on board the " Ste. Maurice," and off. I 
 found a sofa in the cabin, and, taking off my boots and spurs, was 
 soon asleep. 
 
 We reached this place this morning. Some of the officers, with 
 the chaplain, found a tavern, where we obtained a breakfast, the 
 first regular meal since I left New York. We had knives and 
 forks, and coffee with milk in it, fried eggs and ham, — a regular 
 set-down. And it did us good, for we have fared pretty hard for 
 a few days. The tavern-keeper was very anxious that I should 
 have some whiskey, but I was too wise to yield to his entreaties, 
 I suspect he wanted the fun of seeing the chaplain drunk. I did 
 not accommodate him. We marched out into a field covered with 
 the softest and cleanest and prettiest carpet you ever saw, of real 
 clover-leaves and blossoms. Our tent was speedily pitched, and I 
 stretched myself out and slept. Then walked to a bayou just a 
 little way from us. The water is kept from overflowing the land 
 by artificial levees. Then to my tent, to write this letter. Of 
 course, I cannot manage a pen, lying as I am upon the ground, 
 but hope you can make out this pencil scrawl. A part of it I have 
 written by candle-light, but the bugs are big and biting. Please 
 refresh yourself with Birdofredum Sawin's account of his sol- 
 diering in the Mexican War. It is just the life we are living here. 
 
 Our march from Donaldsonville to Terre Bonne, a distance of 
 forty miles, I think our men enjoyed very much indeed. The road 
 was upon the bank of La Fourche, — a river as large as the Con- 
 necticut, — one of the outlets of the Mississippi. The water in the 
 river was just about on a level with the heads of the men march- 
 ing by its side. It is kept from overflowing the country by levees, 
 upon the top of which there was room for men to walk, single file, 
 and upon which one could secure a good prospect and good air, 
 and at the same time run the risk of being popped over by any 
 wicked rebel who might be concealed behind the levee on the 
 other side of the river. The country is very fertile, and showed 
 less of the ravages of war than we had seen elsewhere. The 
 houses of the planters are larger and better. The country is 
 called the "Garden of Louisiana," but hardly a white man or 
 woman could we see. At every plantation we passed, swarms of 
 negroes came out, and welcomed us with rapturous demonstrations 
 of joy, invoking the blessing of all the saints upon us. The 
 
100 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 weather was as delightful as possible. We never have at home 
 three June days that surpass those we spent in this march. 
 
 Sergt.-Major Whitney's account of this march is as follows : — 
 
 "We had," he says, "Sherman, Emory, and Grover's division, 
 and another brigade under Weitzel. We took steamers at Baton 
 Rouge, and dropped down the river to Donaldson ville, where La 
 Fourche flows out from the Mississippi, to find its own way to the 
 gulf. A march of three days took the command down the bank 
 of the bayou to Thibodeaux and Terre Donne, about forty miles. 
 For freshness and beauty and picturesqueness that was a notable 
 march. The road lay about six feet below the level of the water 
 in the bayou, so that the great steamers went by, towering for us 
 to look up at. The air was sweet with perfume and cool with 
 northern breezes. The beautiful plantation homes were embow- 
 ered in roses and skirted with orange-trees laden with ripe fruit. 
 It was said that we might have gone around by boat to New 
 Orleans, and then by cars, but Grover gave us this march to 
 toughen us for what was coming." 
 
 Corp. Stowell says : — 
 
 " We had to march from Donaldsonville to Terre Bonne, March 
 29, — a distance of forty miles. A good march, on the whole ; 
 but we were foot-sore, and our knapsacks, guns, and equipments 
 weigh forty-five pounds, and the weather is very hot, and the road 
 as dusty as it could be. Thibodeaux we found to be a very pretty 
 place, and had not been torn to pieces by shot and shells. We 
 had begun to straggle a good deal before we reached there ; but 
 an order came to close up the ranks. The flags were unfurled, 
 the bands struck up their finest music, and, tired as we were, we 
 marched through the town in as good order and as fresh as if we 
 were out on dress parade." 
 
 To Judge Mattoon : — 
 
 Bayou Bceuk, April 5, 1863. 
 
 My thoughts turn more earnestly and soberly toward home on 
 Sunday than on any other day. Not that Sunday is especially 
 marked in camp. I suppose many of our regiment do not know 
 that it is Sunday. The colonel asked me this morning if I would 
 have a religious service. I told him that, if he could find a decent 
 place for the men to sit down, I would preach ; but, as to preach- 
 ing to men standing in this mud-hole under a broiling sun, I should 
 not do it except upon an official compulsion. We have had a 
 
BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY lOI 
 
 month of busy service. You have probably heard of our famous 
 march to Port Hudson, and our march back again. It was not a 
 defeat, as we thought at the time ; for the object of the expedition 
 was partially successful. The expedition told severely upon the 
 men. When we left Baton Rouge a week ago last Friday, we left 
 a good many 52d boys in the hospitals, with some 1,500 others. 
 
 This army is divided into four divisions: first, Gen. Augur; 
 second, Gen. Weitzel ; third. Gen. Emory ; and, fourth, Gen. 
 Grover. The first is left at Baton Rouge. We are a part of the 
 second brigade in the fourth division. Our brigade is commanded 
 by Col. Kimball, of the 12th Maine, — the good man for the place, 
 we think. There are in our three brigades fourteen regiments and 
 three batteries. On Tuesday last our division commenced a 
 march for this place, to re-enforce Weitzel, who had been com- 
 pelled to fall back from Berwick Bay. We marched three days in 
 succession, making twelve to fifteen miles each day, which, I be- 
 lieve, is a good distance for an army to march. It was through 
 the most beautiful section of the country I have seen in the State. 
 The plantations showed more culture than I have seen. Some of 
 the houses and grounds are quite elegant ; but even here we see 
 the terrible effects of the war, — hundreds and thousands of acres 
 which were cultivated last year with cane, which has never been 
 cut, and is, of course, useless now. It stands in rows, stretching 
 back from the river as far as the eye can reach, — a gloomy token 
 of the desolation of war. In a few cases, the old cane is being cut 
 and burned, and preparations made for a new crop ; but usually 
 the whole country is lying idle, and running to waste. It is a 
 beautiful soil and a delightful climate, the very best that June 
 affords at home. The roses line the roads in profusion. The 
 lilacs are in full bloom, and fill the air with their fragrance. The 
 roads were in good condition for marching ; and, on the whole, we 
 could not have had a more favorable time for it. The men stood 
 it well ; but they are very foot-sore by reason of their previous 
 marches, and we have had a good deal of grumbling, of course. 
 We camped at night in open fields under our little shelter tents, and 
 in some cases were lucky enough to get a few eggs and a little 
 milk. At other times we fell back upon the inevitable hard-tack. 
 I walked most of the way, and enjoyed it very much, especially 
 when they allowed us to walk upon the top of the levees, which are 
 some four feet above the water on one side and six feet above the 
 road on the other side, and wide enough on top for men to walk 
 
I02 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 single file. The last day we were prohibited from walking there, 
 as we furnished too good a mark for rebel rifles on the opposite 
 side of the river. 
 
 We reached Terre Bonne, where we struck a railroad from New 
 Orleans to Berwick Bay. As the country is an unbroken swamp, 
 it was planned that we should be brought to this place by rail ; 
 but the transportation was hardly adequate. We were ready to 
 start out any hour of Friday. All of our baggage, tents, and blan- 
 kets, etc., were sent on. So we waited all Friday and all Friday 
 night. It was a new experience. It was camping out without 
 any of the conveniences of a camp. Luckily, I had Dolly's blan- 
 ket to spread upon the ground. It proved to be a pretty cold 
 night, but we had a camp-fire where I could occasionally get warm. 
 In the morning I started early to a negro cabin at some distance, 
 and called up the negro women to make me a hoe-cake for breakfast ; 
 but before it was cooked the order was given to load into the cars. 
 So I went without my hoe cake, after all. While waiting for the 
 train, an incident occurred which reveals only too well the spirit 
 that animates those whom we are compelled to obey. It seems a 
 negro joined one of our regiments some time ago, and was em- 
 ployed as a servant by one of the officers. On Friday an agent 
 of his master came for him. This agent, we learned, was once a 
 captain in the rebel army. He made application for the negro, 
 and the order was sent for him to appear. The officer to whom 
 the order was sent refused to receive it, and it was returned pres- 
 ently to headquarters. Capt. S., of the same regiment, came in a 
 great fury, and ordered the negro to be given up. The officer still 
 refused, and Capt. S. drew his revolver and blustered. The men 
 of the regiment, who had crowded around him, hating both Capt. 
 S. and his errand, began to show fight. Capt. S. backed down ; 
 and the negro took to the woods, and is, to-day, I think, not far from 
 our camp. Gen. Grover has sent in an order requiring regimental 
 officers to return within twenty-four hours to the provost-marshal 
 all negroes who have come into our line since we left Donaldson- 
 ville. Col. Greenleaf is greatly perplexed to know what to do. It 
 seems, on the one hand, to be perfectly unjust to the law of Con- 
 gress to require him to aid, and, if necessary, to call in the whole 
 regiment to aid, in restoring fugitives. On the other hand, he is 
 not sure that they intend to return these men to their masters. 
 Perhaps that is not their purpose, though it looks like it. But 
 what right has Col. Greenleaf, or anybody else, to question their 
 
BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY I03 
 
 intentions ? His business is to obey orders. He has no right to 
 assume that his superior officers are not going to follow the law 
 of the land. What is he to do ? To make the 52d a party of 
 slave-catchers is not what we are here for, and to pass by orders 
 from superior officers is subversive to military discipline. 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 " In the afternoon a company of cavalry came in sight, but 
 not near enough for us to tell whether they were we-uns or you-uns. 
 
 "We are very economical of government rations just now, and 
 succeed in making them hold out very well ; for we find sheep, 
 pigs, and hens abundant. Eggs and vegetables we don't count. 
 Our quarters are in an old house, which we share with a large 
 army of hungry fleas, which, thinking us their choice friends and 
 constant companions, make things lively for us. 
 
 " At Bayou Boeuf our best sport is crab-fishing. A bit of pork, 
 with a bit of landing-net, are all that are needed; and the lining 
 of our haversacks furnished the net. He is a poor soldier who 
 could not furnish a string of crabs ; and our rations furnished the 
 pork. While here, Lieut. Ballou, of Co. F, when cleaning his 
 revolver, shot himself through the foot, and was disabled for the 
 rest of the campaign. At Brashear City a sergeant took a large 
 kettle in one hand and a small one in the other, and started for 
 water to the bayou, whistling ' The Girl I left behind me.' He 
 slung in the small kettle, which he easily raised, filled, to the bank, 
 then dipped in the big one, and was the wettest sergeant on 
 record. 
 
 " Gen. Banks rode along where a fatigue party were at work at 
 Brashear City. One of our boys, wishing to be neighborly, ad- 
 dressed him as follows : — 
 
 " ' Good mornin', Mr. Banks. Are we going somewhere to-day ? ' 
 The general smiled, but did not reply." 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Bayou Bceuf, April 5, 1863. 
 
 Yesterday morning our whole brigade of four regiments was 
 packed on board two trains, and brought through the swamp 
 twenty miles to this place. Some one asked what I thought of the 
 country as I rode through it. I replied that I thought the Lord 
 had not prepared this part of the world yet for man's use, that the 
 alligators and snakes ought to have undisputed possession for at 
 least a thousand years. By that time I thought it might be fit for 
 
I04 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 men to live in. I was disappointed that I did not see but one 
 alligator all day, being in the rear of the two trains. They had 
 been frightened away before I reached them. Snakes are quite 
 abundant. We landed here at noon, where there is not a green 
 thing to be seen. It is an old camping ground vacated by Gen. 
 Weitzel the day before we arrived. It has the musty smell of an 
 old camp, and as filthy as it can well be. The sun beats down 
 hot enough. I try to keep quiet in the middle of the day. No 
 village here that I can find ; but the ground is high, — that is, a 
 little higher than the water in the river, which is a branch of the 
 Atchafalaya. How long we are to stay here and whither we are to 
 go no one knows. I begin to be impatient to see the end of all 
 this. I can stand the poor fare, the sleeping on the ground, the 
 hard marches ; but the feeling is very discouraging that we are 
 doing so little. We have helped the government steal a little cot- 
 ton, and now are expected to return the slaves to their mas- 
 ters, and put some money into the pockets of a few bloats like 
 Capt. S., — that is the whole of it. Yet I am not homesick nor 
 discouraged. I am bound to stick to it; and I hope, when the 
 time is out, that I shall have satisfied my conscience and the 
 claims of patriotism. 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Brashear City, April 10, 1863. 
 
 Bayou Boeuf was the meanest place we have been in. The water 
 was slimier and smelt worse. The days were hot, and the nights 
 cool, and no green thing about us. Worse than all, we were on 
 short rations, and no chance to buy anything. I suffered more from 
 hunger than ever before. I could do nothing but growl, so gave 
 up attempting to write. Yesterday we broke camp, and waited 
 for a train to bring us here ; but none came. So, after waiting till 
 10.30, when the heat was most oppressive, we started on our 
 march, the hardest we have had. The sun boiled down upon us as 
 it can in these hot latitudes only. We marched about ten miles, 
 and reached here about two o'clock. Ball fell out ; Hosmer, also, 
 for the first time. It surprises me to see how steadily Mason 
 Moody holds on. He seems to be as tough as anybody in the 
 regiment. We are on a clover-field, by the bank of Berwick Bay. 
 It was a sad sight to see the men on the march, gasping for 
 breath like heated dogs. Many fainted, and laid by the roadside. 
 It seemed to us very cruel, as though we might have been brought 
 
BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY 1 05 
 
 on by rail. At least, we might have come in the cool of the day, 
 and not have been put through so fast. A great many are sick 
 and complaining with the effect of the heat, and partly from the 
 improper food we have. Oysters abound here, and the men buy 
 them in the shell. I do not dare to eat one. The despised hard- 
 tack is, after all, the stafE of life. That, with decent coffee, with 
 which we are supplied, suits me better than anything else. Not 
 very exciting food, not a great variety, but it goes well. 
 
 We are waiting for orders to move at any moment, to meet the 
 enemy, who are in front of us. There was skirmishing and heavy 
 firing in the night; but the morning is here, and no orders to 
 move. As we walked here, and most of the brigades came by cars 
 and boats, I hope they will let them do the fighting. It looks, 
 however, as if we must have a battle. We are in as good condi- 
 tion for it as we shall be. But only think of it, we have only 
 about five hundred muskets ! Our regiment is scattered every- 
 where, — a hundred at Baton Rouge, twenty-five at New Orleans, 
 seventy-five sick at Bayou Boeuf. I write this lying upon the 
 ground, with a newspaper for a desk, in good hope and spirits. 
 Our horses have stood saddled all day, and no orders to move. 
 So they were unsaddled ; and we were soon in bed, if not asleep. 
 Oh, the mosquitoes, — they are big ones ! How big I shall not at- 
 tempt to assert, only to say that a good many of them would fill a 
 quart-pot. They must have good bills to get at my feet through my 
 boots and at my hands through my gloves. My haversack pro- 
 tects my forehead, my beard a part of my face, and my tin plate 
 the rest of it : so they get a no " right smart " chance at me. We 
 have an immense army here, — how large I do not know, but they 
 have been pouring in here rapidly of late. While we were in that 
 sink-hole at Bayou Bceuf, train after train passed with men, — two 
 regiments to a train ; and they were passing day and night. It 
 has been so since we reached here. Every hour or so a train 
 passes crowded with soldiers. They go up by our camp to the 
 Bay, and cross in boats to the other side. I cannot learn pre- 
 cisely where the rebels are posted, but somewhere on the Teche 
 River, between this and Franklin. The appearance is of warm 
 work very soon. I cannot realize it in any degree. I cannot get 
 up any excited feeling at the prospect of a battle. Very likely we 
 shall see nothing of it. I hope and pray we may not. We are in 
 the rear, so hope we may not be needed. 
 
 On Monday last, at Bayou Boeuf, I told the colonel I should 
 
lo6 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 lik., to go to New Orleans and see the boys there in the hospital, 
 and get a few knick-knacks, and at the same time get out of Bayou 
 Boeuf. He was glad to have me go : so he wrote a pass, sent it, 
 and got the colonel commanding the brigade to sign it, and then 
 sent it to Gen. Grover for his approval. It was at once returned 
 disapproved. The only thing about it that provoked me was that 
 he gave other chaplains passes whenever they asked for them. I 
 have never asked before. The colonel is a good deal disturbed 
 about it. I am not. 
 
 Ball has gone back to Bayou Bceuf in an ambulance, too sick 
 to move along. Life is very uncertain, but life or honorable death 
 shall be my motto. 
 
 Bayou Boeiif, April "i. — On the 27th of March we left Baton 
 Rouge for Donaldsonville, and after two days took up the line of 
 march down the Bayou La Fourche for Thibodeaux. Did you 
 ever see a division on a march ? It is a moving sight in more 
 senses than one. True, there is no display about it. A country 
 militia company of fifty men would show more fuss and feathers 
 than that multitude of men moving with uniform tread. Tramp ! 
 tramp ! tramp ! Regiment after regiment, sunburt, stalwart men, 
 little variety, — dark blue blouse, light blue pantaloons, knapsacks 
 on the back, haversack and canteen on one side, cartridge-box on 
 the other, and musket on the shoulder. Through the " Garden of 
 Louisiana " march our ten thousand men, some thirty-eight or 
 forty miles. Beauty of scenery in comparison with that of our 
 New England valleys there is none. Only large, flat plantations, 
 well stocked with healthy negroes. The division is encamped on 
 the banks of the Bayou Boeuf. Some sick were left in the gen- 
 eral hospital at Baton Rouge. The regiment has lost by death 
 since its formation thirty-five men. We were put on board a train 
 on Saturday at Terre Bonne, and reached this place at noon, hav- 
 ing come eighteen miles, most of the way through cypress swamps 
 teeming with alligators and snakes. 
 
 T. N. Austin, Co. A, writes in his journal, March 30, at Donald- 
 sonville : — 
 
 " Houses small, built like my barn. 
 
 ^^ March 31. — Marched by the side of La Fourche about thirteen 
 miles. We passed through a fine country, but we were so foot-sore 
 and tired we did not enjoy it very much. 
 
 " April 4. — Took our first railroad ride since we left the North. 
 
BATON ROUGE TO BRASHEAR CITY 107 
 
 The road was built of clam-shells ; and plenty of snakes coiled up 
 by the side of the road, and alligators, too. At Bayou Boeuf we 
 found a good many blackberries, which we enjoyed very much." 
 
 Corp. Hosmer writes of the march from Donaldsonville : — 
 
 " Seldom does an army march under circumstances so delightful. 
 The miles are not weary ones. Some really remarkable conditions 
 make our progress easy from first to last, — a bright sky and sun, 
 a cool northern breeze, and a road for the most part in perfect 
 condition to receive the soldier's footfall. Plantation after planta- 
 tion. Sometimes the planter and his family will look out at us 
 from behind a protection posted before them on the gate. Such 
 tropic luxury and vegetation ! These scents and zephyrs, the bird- 
 songs, the blue of the heavens, the broad palm-leaves at the plan- 
 ter's portico, — all these, and, I suppose, the foil to all these, the 
 miasma of the swamp close at hand, and the poisonous serpent 
 lurking there. At noon we came to Thibodeaux. Before reach- 
 ing there, the men began to straggle. As we entered the village, 
 the drums struck up, the flags were unfurled, the foot-sore men 
 forgot to hobble, the melting men forgot their heat. We were all 
 straight and soldierly. The streets of the village were full of 
 people, so it became us to make an impression ; and the sound of 
 the drum and fife is a spur to the soldier. 
 
 *' We were dusty and sweaty, but I think we made a good impres- 
 sion. The colonel and chaplain are on their horses again. The 
 day before and to-day they have walked more than half the route, 
 giving their horses to the tired privates. 
 
 ^^ April 10. — We have left Bayou Boeuf, and have made another 
 mov^e, and are now at Brashear City. We took up the line of 
 march yesterday under circumstances which I have before de- 
 scribed, brilliant enough, but becoming now an old story, though 
 I confess I am not so hardened that I was not thoroughly thrilled 
 through to hear a fine band play 'The dearest spot on earth to 
 me is home.' It proved to be, by all odds, the hardest march for 
 me. The sun was boiling hot, and the dust heavy. For the first 
 time in my soldiering, with a red face and blistering feet, I was 
 obliged to turn aside from the regiment and stop under a tree to 
 throw away my load. It was not heavy. Men in whole sections 
 had been stopping by the roadside for a long time, so that I had 
 a good part of the regiment for company on my first falling out." 
 
 From P. S. Parker : — 
 
 ^^ Brashear City, April lo. — We left Bayou Boeuf at lo a.m. 
 
I08 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 yesterday, and arrived here at 4 p.m. It was one of the hardest 
 marches we have had. The sick had to be forced along at the 
 point of the bayonet. Our general ordered a squad of men at the 
 rear of each brigade with fixed bayonets to prick up those that 
 lagged. 
 
 "■^ April 11. — We left Bayou Boeuf on the 9th at 10.30, the sun 
 pouring down hotter than I ever knew of in Massachusetts, and 
 the hottest day I ever experienced. We had to march to this 
 place, and carry our knapsacks, two days' rations, and our other 
 traps. The regiment reached here at half-past three. I never 
 had the heat take hold of me so before. I never had so hard a 
 headache. It seemed as though my head would burst open. I 
 kept on as long as I could, and fell out. I had for company some 
 of the strongest men in the regiment. About half of some of the 
 companies fell exhausted on the road. It is dreadful marching in 
 such heat, carrying such a load, and being put through so fast ; 
 but, if I can stand it, I shall not complain. We expected to march 
 forward the same night and put into battle ; but we did not, and 
 had yesterday to rest in. The rebels have encamped in large 
 forces a few miles ahead of us, and will probably fight hard. My 
 health is pretty good, and with a little rest I should be all right. 
 Such marching makes us all grow old. A grand strike is to be 
 made, and no retreat now. For us it is victory or death." 
 
 I 
 
WAR /vvAP Or^^S OUT HERN LOUISIANA 
 
 FOffT HUDSON 
 
 Baton Rouge 
 
X. 
 
 UP THE TECHE.— BRASHEAR CITY TO INDIAN RIDGE 
 OR IRISH BEND. 
 
 [April ii to April 14. 1863.] 
 
 Of the expedition /// the Teche into the very heart of Louisiana 
 I must give some details, leaving Col. Greenleaf and Sergt. Whit- 
 ney to describe the general movement. I limit myself to what 
 concerned the 5 2d Regiment. 
 
 Col. Greenleafs account : — 
 
 " At Brashear City, Banks perfected his plans, and issued his 
 orders for an attack on Gen. Taylor in his intrenched position at 
 Bisland, previously mentioned. Gen.' Banks himself was to cross 
 the Atchafalaya with the main body, move up the Teche, and at- 
 tack in front; while Gen. Grover, with his division, was to take 
 transports to a designated point on the eastern shore of Grand 
 Lake, disembark, and take position near the Teche, on the road to 
 Franklin, from which position he could either co-operate with his 
 superior in the attack or place himself with his command in rear 
 of Taylor on the Franklin road, to cut off his retreat as he (Banks) 
 should signal him to do. 
 
 "The Atchafalaya at Brashear City is, in column of water, much 
 like the lower Hudson, and navigable, as well as Grand Lake, for 
 large ocean steamers. At this point Grover's division took trans- 
 ports for Grand Lake on the nth of April, and landed at Irish 
 Bend, on the west shore of the lake, on the morning of the 13th. 
 Among the transports of this little fleet was the fine iron ocean 
 steamer ' St. Mary,' on which ' this deponent ' afterwards made 
 several voyages from New Orleans to Brazos de Santiago, at the 
 mouth of the Rio Grande ; and on this beautiful steamer were 
 packed nearly four regiments of the division, of which one was 
 the 5 2d Massachusetts. We thought ourselves closely packed on 
 board the ' Illinois,' on our passage from New York ; but elbow- 
 room was at a premium on board the ' St. Mary,' as compared with 
 what it was on the ' Illinois,' close as were our quarters there. 
 
 " Our fine steamer is now full to overflowing, so that the men 
 appear to lie two or three deep on deck ; while some hang up in 
 the 'shrouds,' and others stand leaning against or crouching on 
 
112 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the bulwarks. We are literally ' as thick ' on board ' as three in a 
 bed ' ; but, with some little grumbling, we manage to endure the 
 discomfort for about forty hours, — two nights, one day, and part 
 of another, — when we land, and follow other troops across the 
 Teche, while they (being in advance) are having a smart skirmish 
 with the enemy, but driving him before them. 
 
 " At night we bivouac near the Teche on fine grounds, known as 
 Madam Porter's Plantation, on which a short time before, it was 
 said, several hundred negro slaves had been employed. 
 
 "The chaplain and colonel spread their two rubber blankets be- 
 tween what had been two rows of corn or cane, lay down together, 
 like the lamb and the wolf, pulled their woollen blankets over 
 themselves, and, remembering Young's ' Night Thoughts ' (having 
 once read them in the days of their youth), lost no time in seeking 
 ' tired Nature's sweet restorer, balmy sleep.' And they got it, too, 
 as handsomely as any two tired mortals ever did, until about mid- 
 night, when a drenching shower came up and flooded them out of 
 their low bed between the ridges. They both arose, wet to the 
 skin. Neither the chaplain nor his equally unfortunate bed-fellow 
 indulged in any profane language on the occasion ; but it was 
 thought that they fully shared the feeling of the pious farmer dea- 
 con, when he had his large field of choice clover completely ruined 
 by drenching showers, just as it was ready to be ' gathered into 
 barns.' The good deacon is reported as saying, on surveying his 
 ruined clover, 'The Lord knows I don't wish to find fault with 
 anybody, but there's reason in all things ! ' 
 
 "At daylight, on the morning of the 14th, the brigade was or- 
 dered into line, and soon after marched for the battle-ground of 
 Indian Ridge. 
 
 " We found the highway in splendid condition : the morning 
 was bright and rosy, and the surrounding country, with its almost 
 tropical scenery, — with the perfume of flowers and songs of birds 
 in the air, with the odors of the jessamine and notes of the mock- 
 ing-bird wafted on the dewy wings of the morning, — charmed and 
 delighted the senses of our advancing hosts as the landscape ex- 
 panded in all its spring beauty before them. How much more 
 suggestive of peace and happiness is this beautiful dawn and these 
 delightful surroundings than of strife and bloodshed, which we are 
 so soon to witness ! An easy march of an hour or two brings us 
 within sight as well as sound of the battle-field. Our advance 
 has engaged the enemy, who proves to be a portion of Gen. Dick 
 
UP THE TECHE II3 
 
 Taylor's command; and the 12th Connecticut, Col. Birge, and the 
 25th Connecticut, Col, Bissel, are in the hottest of the fight. The 
 second brigade moves on to the field and forms in line of battle, 
 the right of the 5 2d Massachusetts resting on a wagon road run- 
 ning through the contested field. 
 
 " On this road is a continuous line of ambulance men with 
 stretchers, on which the wounded are constantly being carried to 
 our rear, where hospitals have already been established. We 
 sicken at the ghastly sight, listen to the terrible roar of cannon 
 and the almost incessant roll of musketry in front, anxiously watch 
 the progress of the fight before us, and expect every moment to be 
 ordered in. It is our first battle proper. A few miles away we 
 distinctly hear, also, the guns of Banks and Taylor ; and we know 
 that the battle of Bisland is in progress as well as ours of Indian 
 Ridge. It is to us a momentous, anxious hour. But soon the 
 enemy retreat before Grover's vigorous attack, and leave him, with 
 a loss of about four hundred killed and wounded, master of the 
 field. 
 
 "The second brigade did not participate in this spirited engage 
 ment. It was held in reserve throughout. 
 
 " In the mean time Banks had assaulted Taylor with great vigor 
 in his stronghold on the Teche, by both land and water. Taylor, 
 after a stubborn fight, had been driven from his position, and the 
 signal ordered for Grover to cut off his retreat up the Teche, via 
 Franklin. But (as I have since been informed by Capt. Mack, of 
 the i8th New York Battery), unfortunately for the success of the 
 combined attack, and owing to a misunderstanding on the part of a 
 distinguished general officer (Gen. Emory) as to the character of 
 the signal to be given, he countermanded the order given by Gen. 
 Banks to Capt. Mack to make the signal; and the result was that, 
 while we lay impatiently on our arms awaiting the signal, the 
 ememy ' passed by on the other side,' — of the wood, — and escaped 
 up the Teche; 'and thus,' as Washington Irving would say, 'the 
 auspicious moment passed by.' 
 
 " And now comes a forced march, such as few soldiers, in any 
 cause or age or clime, have ever been compelled to make, from 
 Franklin to Opelousas — occupying five days — in pursuit. Much 
 of the country between these two points was magnificent, and the 
 roads were good ; but the sun was scalding hot, dust almost thick 
 enough to cut with a knife, and water mostly bad. 
 
 " At New Iberia, on the Teche, thirty-two miles from Franklin, 
 
114 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 by order of Gen. Banks, yet much to our regret, we left four 
 companies of the S2d Massachusetts, — A, E, F, and G, Capt. Long, 
 Capt. Richmond, Capt. Stone, and Capt. Bliss, — to occupy and 
 hold the town, Capt. Long having been assigned to the command 
 of that post by the same order. Here also the colonel of the 5 2d 
 Regiment was temporarily assigned to the command of the second 
 brigade (what there was left of it), Col. Kimbal, our regular brig- 
 ade commander, having been sent with the 12th Maine and the 
 41st Massachusetts on an expedition to Petit Anse Island, to de- 
 stroy the enemy's extensive salt-works, located at that point. 
 
 "This change in the command of the brigade was made the 
 evening of the i6th of April, and in one respect, at least, the 
 change proved unfortunate ; for, owing, it is supposed, to a change 
 of brigade headquarters the night before, Banks's general order 
 to march at daylight on the morning of the 17th failed to reach 
 the new commander until the time had actually arrived tor forming 
 his line, so that the command had no time whatever for breakfast, 
 or even to make coffee, nor, indeed, was the opportunity offered 
 to cook anything during the entire day's march. The day proved 
 to be sweltering hot, the water abominable, and the pace from day- 
 light until sundown a killing one for infantry." 
 
 From B. S. P. : — 
 
 ^^ New Iberia, April 18. — Our forces have been engaged with 
 the rebels at a place called Indian Ridge. Our regiment was held 
 in reserve, and took no active part in the battle, as the rebels re- 
 treated just as we were to be called in. The loss on our side has 
 been very great. Many officers have been killed or wounded. 
 Those who visited the battle-field said it was a sad sight, — dead 
 men and horses, guns, knapsacks, blankets, haversacks, and all 
 soldiers' accoutrements strewn over the ground. It is a very dif- 
 ferent thing to be at home and read of battles from what it is to 
 be where the balls are whistling, the shells bursting, and see the 
 wounded and mangled men brought off the field to the rear on 
 stretchers. After the battle we encamped near the bayou. Cos. 
 A and K went out on picket duty some two miles from camp. 
 Hardly had time to eat our breakfast before we were ordered to 
 fall in and march away. We marched this day on, on, on, — the 
 longest march we have ever had in one day, — carrying such loads ! 
 It seemed as if we never should stop. Our boys were pretty well 
 used up. We marched twenty -five miles. The next day we 
 started on, and I kept up as long as possible. My side ached so 
 
 I 
 
UP THE TECHE II5 
 
 that I had to fall out. Two-thirds of our regiment fell behind, 
 and only one-third came in and stacked arms at night. Cos. A, 
 E, H, and G, were left here ; and Capt. Long is provost-marshal. 
 The rest of the regiment have gone on. We left several of our 
 men at Brashear City ; but it is no place to be sick anywhere in 
 the army. Most of the hospitals are poorly furnished, except at 
 some place -like Baton Rouge, where supplies are readily obtained. 
 Many of the boys are used up, and are getting old and worn out. 
 
 " Dr. Sawyer, at the battle of Indian Ridge, got the name of 
 being the best surgeon there. He would dress two wounds to 
 any other surgeon's one. He took right hold, and did all he could 
 to relieve the wounded sufferers." 
 
 From Stowell's journal : — 
 
 "We expected to meet the enemy very soon. We learn that 
 they are well fortified ; but I am confident that we can sweep them 
 out. I am more fearful they will skedaddle. We were crowded 
 into the boats as thick as we could stand. Every inch of room 
 was occupied, as we did not expect to be aboard but two or three 
 hours ; but, by reason of some delay, we were aboard forty hours. 
 We were so crowded we could neither lie down nor sit up. All 
 are drenched with mud, and cramped. After landing, we skir- 
 mished all day. At dark both sides stopped, and we were allowed 
 to rest awhile, though still kept in line of battle. Our regiment 
 were in a ploughed field ; and we laid down in a line, and were soon 
 asleep, gun in hand. Of course, we had no supper ; and, in fact, 
 we had had nothing but hard-tack for two or three days before. 
 We had slept an hour or so, when the rain began to pour in tor- 
 rents ; but no help for it. Our main efforts were to keep our guns 
 and powder dry, which was somewhat difficult with the water an 
 inch deep under us and pouring down over us. At four o'clock 
 A.M. we were in line again, but we did not march till six. The 
 enemy were posted on the edge of the woods, with their gun-boat 
 ' Diana' just back of them, throwing shell as fast as possible. At 
 last we compelled them to blow her up, and soon their line was 
 forced to retreat. In the afternoon we were engaged burying the 
 dead and bringing in the wounded, I never wish to witness such 
 another sight. I had no means of knowing the loss, but it must 
 have been several hundred on each side." 
 
 Sergt. -Major Whitney's article in the Springfield Repiiblicati, 
 much abridged : — 
 
 Weitzel took the lead in crossing the Atchafalaya, and pressed 
 
Il6 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 westward to the enemy's strongest entrenchments, seven miles 
 away. Grover's men are packed closely upon four gun-boats and 
 five transports. Upon the little " St. Mary " were the 24th and 
 25th Connecticut and the 52d Massachusetts and Nims's battery, 
 with many horses, so that the men could not stretch themselves 
 out, and literally slept upon their arms, in extreme discomfort. We 
 crept up the bayou into Grand Lake, and half-way up its western 
 shore was the place known as Madame Porter's shell bank. But 
 the gun-boat that was to escort us ran aground, and has changed 
 the whole plan of the movement. The accident made a great 
 deal of difference with the question who should be killed or 
 wounded in the fight that was sure to come. Had the troops been 
 landed early, the fight would have come ofT that day, when our 
 second brigade was leading, and the loss would have fallen chiefly 
 upon us ; but we were delayed one day, and then the third brigade 
 was in the advance. We landed about noon, amid the fire of the 
 skirmishers and the artillery. 
 
 We pass wounded men and Confederate prisoners. We stretch 
 the fan-light lines of our own skirmishers, Nims's battery, with 
 which we had much to do through that year, pass between our 
 own ranks, and, taking position, shelled everything opposite that 
 looked suspicious. We stand at ease in the road, and a queenly 
 woman, elegantly dressed and bareheaded, with jet black hair, 
 passes to find Gen. Grover, to beg for the life, if possible the re- 
 lease, of her son. " The poor boy was quite innocent," and has just 
 been taken prisoner, and stands close by under guard in Confed- 
 erate gray, — tall, fierce, and haughty, nineteen or twenty years of 
 age. Gen. Grover listens in silence; and then she walks back 
 again, the same lank, dusty, and grizzled man of Co. H escort- 
 ng her, with his musket upon his shoulder. She is the great 
 woman of that region. The negroes say she owns the whole field 
 about her, and has six hundred and eighty-five slaves, and spends 
 her summers at Newport. Her mansion, a fine one, shines among 
 the trees a half-mile back; and a protecting detail from the 52d 
 Regiment sit comfortably on the front piazza to guard it. 
 
 When the sun is at the horizon, we throw ourselves upon a field, 
 taking for pillows the ridges made by the plough. Down comes 
 the rain and up comes the wind, adding another almost sleepless 
 night to the last two we passed. Not even the heavy equipments 
 can be taken off; for, in the presence of the enemy, every man 
 must be ready against a night attack. At four o'clock the next 
 
 i 
 
UP THE TECHE 
 
 117 
 
 morning we are up and off, with only a few green blackberries to 
 moisten our breakfast of hard-tack. We have lived on our haver 
 sacks since leaving Brashear City. Miserably wet, weary, and 
 hungry, we throng down the road, and stop only to find ourselves 
 the reserve and spectators in a sharp action that has already 
 begun. The firing on both sides is sharp and continuous. The 
 surgeons choose their location at a neighboring sugar-house, and 
 are soon at their work. They make a pile of legs and arms, feet 
 and hands. You would better not look at such things if you are 
 about to expose yourselves to the probability of contributing to 
 that ghastly pile. At last the rebels yield the field. Rebel pris- 
 oners in considerable numbers are marched to the rear. The third 
 brigade seem to be spent. In that little time they have lost three 
 hundred and twenty men. When the sun is near the horizon, 
 leaving the surgeons attending to the wounded, a burial party 
 gathering up the dead and laying them in a common grave, we 
 marched to a pretty field sloping to the Teche, and encamped. 
 The neighboring plantations eke out the rations, fresh beef being 
 served by the commissary ; and we sleep long and well. 
 
 The chaplain on the " St. Mary " : — 
 
 April II we were packed with three other regiments and Nims's 
 battery on board the little steamer " St. Mary " to cross Grand 
 Lake, It was the intention to keep us on board but a few hours, 
 but one of the gun-boats which was to accompany us ran aground, 
 and we were compelled to remain on board forty hours ; and most 
 uncomfortable hours they were to most of the privates, crowded 
 so that it was impossible to lie down. The officers, on the other 
 hand, had the cabin, and were made as comfortable as possible. 
 A table was set, real plates, cups and saucers, knives and forks, 
 and all such things which revive memories of things which have 
 been. But my jaundice had become so much my master that it 
 must be attended to, so, instead of the luxuries of the table, I in- 
 dulged in blue pills and rhubarb. I had hoped for some rest ; but 
 in came a mail, — two bags full, — and it was all hurry and work to 
 get it distributed, and I was so wearied that I turned in without 
 reading my letters. We stayed on board from Saturday p.m. to 
 Monday noon, having crossed the Bay. When we attempted to 
 land, the rebels, by some emphatic shells thrown at us, seemed to 
 say, " No, you don't land here ! " But we answered them with some 
 shells more emphatic than theirs, "We will land here ! " April 13 
 I found on landing that the horses of the brigade had been left 
 
Il8 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 behind. The rebels had fallen back a little ways, and we might 
 see or hear from them at any moment. The surgeons got out their 
 instruments and stretchers, and we started on. My blanket, over- 
 coat, etc., were safely strapped on Dolly's back, and when I should 
 see her no one could tell. So I had nothing to look after except 
 my haversack and canteen. I trudged on with the rest. After a 
 few miles' march we came upon a battery of rebels, which one of ours 
 soon shelled out. By that time night came on, and we must halt. 
 We spread out on each side of the road, and the men lay on their 
 arms. The men lent me a blanket. The colonel spread down his 
 rubber in a ditch between two cotton rows. He and I lay down 
 and spread our blankets over us, till a shower came up and deluged 
 us. Next morning we were early on the move. 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 ^^ April 11. — Our whole brigade, battery and all, were packed 
 aboard a little steamer called ' St. Mary.' Talk about packing 
 herrings in a box : they have large room in comparison. It was 
 hot on shore, hotter on the water, and hottest in those crowded 
 decks. When we lay down, the outside men hung overboard ; but 
 there was no danger of falling into the water, for the men over- 
 lapped each other like shingles on a roof. We were aboard forty 
 hours. After landing, we had breakfast, dinner, and supper, all 
 in one. It was our first square meal for three days. While we 
 dined, we were called up to support the battery. We had no time 
 for after-dinner conversation, but shouldered our muskets, and 
 were in the march, keeping step to the music of the artillery and 
 musketry firing in our front. After a sharp scrimmage, we lay 
 down with our arms, and on the next morning we were up early ; 
 and we witnessed, but did not share in, ihe battle of Indian Ridge. 
 We were retained in the rear while the first brigade forced their 
 way to the front. It was a hard place. One man thought it 
 time to secure a safe place for his knapsack. He started to do so, 
 but the captain's revolver convinced him that his knapsack was 
 safe where he was. The Johnnies gave up the field, and went 
 their way. An expert butcher and myself were detailed at night 
 to go to a pasture near by and kill a beef for the company. We 
 had both been two nights without sleep, and did not like the order. 
 It was twelve at night before we were in our blankets, too tired to 
 eat any of the meat we had secured," 
 
 From J. K, H. : — 
 
 "April II Gen, Grover's division embarked at Brashear City, 
 
UP THE TECHE 
 
 119 
 
 On the transport ' St. Mary ' we underwent a packing to which the 
 stowage aboard the ' Illinois' was nothing. Our little boat carried 
 three regiments, horses, and the greater part of the men of a bat- 
 tery. We went on board Saturday afternoon, expecting to remain 
 there but a few hours ; but we really stayed forty hours. We could 
 not lie down, so sat with our legs curled under us in a blazing 
 hot sun, under which we almost popped out on the deck like ker- 
 nels of corn on an iron plate. Night came, and I slept with men 
 crowding everywhere, right beneath me four or five muskets not 
 covered over. I got up in the morning tattooed like a Carib where 
 the steel projections of the muskets had pressed into my back and 
 legs. Monday morning, when the fog lifted, a regiment or two 
 was put ashore from the fleet, and found a party of rebels on hand 
 to oppose the landing. The firing was sharp for a few minutes, 
 when the enemy retired and we had opportunity to land. In the 
 afternoon we were on the march. We plunged into a tall forest 
 where there was a dense undergrowth of canes, the road under- 
 neath a perpetual quagmire. The road was heavy, and cut deep 
 with artillery wheels, through whose ruts we waded and jumped, 
 with every now and then a sound of cannon to stimulate us from 
 the advance. At night we crossed the Teche by the bridge which 
 the rebels had attempted to burn, companies of the 52d now de- 
 ployed as skirmishers. A section of the Massachusetts battery 
 went out across the field, under charge of a straight, finely riding 
 lieutenant, and presently were at it, throwing shell into clumps of 
 trees where there were suspicious signs. A squad of rebel prison- 
 ers went by us under a convoy of cavalry. They were stout, well- 
 fed men, some in butternut dress, some in gray. We camp, as w'e 
 often do, in a ploughed field. We are sadly in want of sleep, for 
 during the two previous nights we have had almost none. We do 
 not stop to pitch tents, but lie down in the furrows, trying to make 
 provision against the impending rain. Down it comes at midnight, 
 then at intervals till morning. Another tough and almost sleepless 
 night. Our equipments are all, of course, on, and our loaded guns 
 at our sides, to guard against a night surprise. At 4 a.m., wet 
 and unrefreshed, we are on our feet again. No time for making 
 coffee. We are ordered into line at once, and march forth into 
 fearful scenes. We march out into the road, a listless, half-ex- 
 hausted body of men. During the three previous nights we have 
 had little sleep, and but little food since the Saturday before. It 
 is now Tuesday. We are more or less drenched with rain, and 
 
I20 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 our blankets and clothing weigh double with the moisture. Pres- 
 ently we hear the sound of firing. Each minute the roar of can- 
 non is more frequent, and becomes mingled at last with the sharp, 
 rattling volley of arms. We come at last into full view of the 
 scene. We halt in the road, waiting for orders to go in. Hear 
 that long crash of musketry, each individual discharge so blend- 
 ing into the others that we can only hear one long sound ! It is 
 a rebel volley, terribly effective, as we afterwards hear. Then we 
 are ordered forward, and presently are on the field. We are pass- 
 ing ammunition wagons now, and now a tree beneath which the 
 surgeons are at work. 
 
 "The column files to the right, and we stand in line of battle in 
 the rear of the action, within rifle range of the woods where the 
 enemy lie concealed, expecting every moment the order to ad- 
 vance. The firing, however, slackens ; and presently comes word 
 that the enemy are withdrawing. Prisoners come in by squads. 
 It has been a sharply contested conflict. Toward night I go down 
 the cart-path to the actual field, and see the broken muskets, the 
 scattered knapsacks and clothing, the furrows where the enemy 
 lay, the bloody pools where the dying fainted, the burial parties, 
 the piles of corpses lying by the trenches just ready to receive 
 them. They report that we lost in the neighborhood of four hun- 
 dred, and only one brigade was engaged. It was a bloody strife 
 opposite. Leaving a party to bury the dead, we march off, and 
 encamp in a broad field, sloping down to the Teche. Permission 
 was given to get from the neighboring plantations what was 
 needed in the way of food ; and, after an exciting day, the regi- 
 ment was soon at rest, — the rest we had won by the hardships of 
 the three or four previous nights." 
 
 Our little battle is known among the men as that of Irish Bend, 
 by others as Indian Ridge. It does not make much of a figure 
 in history. Newspaper reporters were not on hand ; but it was 
 sharp, obstinate, and bloody. The small force engaged (the third 
 brigade) was fearfully cut up. 
 
XI. 
 
 UP THE TECHE.— INDIAN RIDGE TO OPELOUSAS. 
 
 [April 14 to April 19, 1S63.] 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 Indian Ridge, Tuesday, April 14. 
 
 About 8 A.M. the booming of cannon and the sharp rattle of 
 musketry told us there was hot work on hand. We were hurried on 
 till we came in sight of the battle-field, where we were halted, and 
 ■were held as a reserve. The battle raged for an hour. I climbed 
 upon a fence, where I could rest and see what was going on. 
 While we were waiting to be ordered in, the firing ceased, the 
 rebels yielded their position and fled, and left us masters of the 
 field. We soon had orders to move up, and take a position just 
 in the rear of the ground where the battle was fought. Our men 
 were at once employed in bringing in the wounded ; and a terrible 
 sight it was. The loss in some of our regiments was very severe, 
 the Connecticut 24th and the New^ York 59th, in particular. I was 
 so weak I rolled myself up in a blanket, and lay down upon the 
 ground all day, and did nothing, I did not even go over the 
 battle-field. We remained on the field till near sundown, when 
 we moved to a better camping ground. I took three wide rails off 
 a fence, put one end of them across another rail two feet from the 
 ground, and so made a good covering for the night. I borrowed a 
 blanket, and climbed under the rails, and slept well, forgetful alike 
 of battles and jaundice. The next morning we were called very 
 early. It was evident we were to have a hard march. The rebels 
 were in full retreat; and we must follow them up closely, the closer 
 the better, lest they should burn the bridges, and do everything 
 they should not do for our sakes. So after them we started. The 
 day was pleasant, the roads good. I secured a contraband to 
 carry my haversack ; and on we went all day long, stopping only 
 for short rests. We marched twenty miles, which was a good deal 
 for the men, and a good deal for me ; for I was very weak. In the 
 course of the evening our horses came up. I was glad to see 
 Dolly, but it involved additional care. I could feed myself on 
 hard-tack and coffee ; but how to get anything for her to eat was 
 a matter of more difficulty. The next day, Thursday, we made 
 
122 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 about fifteen miles only. We were then at New Iberia, a town on 
 the Teche. The next morning it appeared that Gen. Banks had 
 appointed Capt. Long provost-marshal, with Cos. A, E, F, and 
 G to act as guard. I wanted to stay with them for a few days' 
 rest ; but our men were falling out fearfully, getting sick and foot- 
 sore. I did not like to ask the colonel to allow me to stop, so 
 pushed on with the rest ; and it was the hardest day of the whole 
 march. The rebels were just ahead, in full retreat, and were having 
 frequent skirmishes with our advance guard. The dead horses and 
 wounded men by the side of the road told the story. There was a 
 bridge at Vermillion Bayou, twelve or fourteen miles ahead. They 
 would burn it if they could, and we must save it if possible. So 
 on we were hurried as fast as we could go, one after another falling 
 out. About 4 P.M. a smoke ahead told us that the rebels had crossed 
 the river, and had set fire to the bridge. They planted a battery 
 on the other side, to furtlier obstruct our passage. Nims's battery 
 in front of us, and which we were to support, soon opened upon 
 them ; and the firing was sharp on both sides. The 52d were 
 drawn up into line in the rear of the battery. And how many 
 men do you suppose we numbered ? Just fifty-nine privates and 
 line officers ! As I sat upon my horse, waiting to see what was to 
 be done next, a twelve-pound ball struck, a rod from me, making the 
 dirt fly in every direction, and the men, too, for that matter, knock- 
 ing over some stacks of guns in its progress. As it went ricochet- 
 ting by us, remembering that " discretion is the better part of 
 valor," I concluded to show that better part by withdrawing from 
 that position to the rear, where I spent the night. In the morning 
 we removed to the banks of the bayou, where we waited to have 
 the bridge rebuilt. It took all day to have the work completed, 
 and we had a day of rest. A large number of the stragglers 
 came up, and by night our ranks were quite full again. When 
 we had made arrangements to spend the night where we were, 
 there came the order to " fall in," and ^cross the bridge, and guard 
 it against the return of the rebs to destroy it. Over the bridge 
 we stopped. I tied Dolly to the first tree that offered, lay down 
 under it, and was soon asleep. A storm was brewing. The 
 thunder and lightning were incessant. Soon the rain began to 
 pour. By the flashes of lightning, we could see a shed near by, 
 and put for it, — Park and I. It proved to be a pig-pen well popu- 
 lated. We jumped in, and found on one side a sort of scaf- 
 fold, which the porkers could not reach ; but the fleas proved a 
 
UP THE TECHE 1 23 
 
 worse trouble than the rain, so I was glad enough to return to the 
 tree where I had left Dolly. I leave Sergt.-Major Whitney to tell 
 the tale. 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 "" April \z^. — We started in pursuit of Dick Taylor's retreating 
 force, and we made twenty -five miles that day. The officers' 
 horses that had been left behind at Brashear City came up. In 
 their absence, horses and mules had been secured on the planta- 
 tions as we passed. When their horses came up, the confiscated 
 ones were turned loose, only to be confiscated again by high- 
 minded privates, who preferred to ride. Carts, wagons, old family 
 carriages drawn by horses and mules, a yoke of oxen, a cow, or 
 anything which had four legs and could be harnessed, were in de- 
 mand. So fast has been our pace that, when we stopped, out of 
 the six companies only fifty-nine were in line." 
 
 From J. K. H. : — 
 
 ''^ April 15. — In the morning at half- past six we are off. We 
 are to join Emory and VVeitzel in a stern chase, which is a pro- 
 verbially long chase. In three days we hunted that defeated army 
 for nearly sixty miles. The first day we made twenty-five miles, 
 — a tremendous march for men with knapsacks. Colored people 
 of all ages and hues look at us from the roadside as we pass : 
 white women and children peep out from the houses. Here and 
 there are dead rebels flung to the side of the road in the 
 haste of the headlong pursuit. The second and third day's 
 marching used up the pursuers and the pursued. On the second 
 day we camped at New Iberia. Four companies of the 5 2d are 
 detailed for provost duty. On the third day, after about eigh- 
 teen terrible and dusty miles, with men falling out exhausted 
 in great numbers, we come out late in the afternoon upon the 
 Bayou Vermillion. We halt in the rear of Nims's battery, and 
 have just fifty-nine men to answer to their names out of the five 
 hundred or so that started in the morning. Bayou Vermillion is a 
 considerable stream. The enemy are crossing when we come in 
 sight. They set the bridge on fire, and we have an opportunity to 
 rest while it is rebuilt. 
 
 "Through some mistake we had retained our knapsacks, and 
 so were in heavy marching order. The road was bordered by 
 a hedge of orange-trees, whose fruit the soldiers could gather as 
 they passed. Everywhere were signs of great wealth. The day 
 
124 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 grew burning hot. We marched rapidly on, stopping occasionally 
 to catch our breath. It was a forced march. Gen. Banks knows 
 that every commander has been censured for not following up suc- 
 cess, and now the success was to be followed up. Right, it should 
 be so. Honor to our leader's energy ! But you people who 
 clamor for rapid movements, how little do you know what these 
 things cost the poor infantry soldiers ! I felt well, and marched 
 with the best ; but, when it grew to be late afternoon, there was 
 something cruel about the steadfastness with which the blue and 
 white brigade flag kept the road in advance. It turned at last into 
 a field, which was to be our bivouac. We accomplished that day 
 twenty-five miles by universal agreement, marching from seven in 
 the morning till sundown. During the night the enemy retreated 
 again, and we were early in pursuit. The road was still beautiful, 
 but the heat became most oppressive. I have never found march- 
 ing so difficult. Men exhausted by the rapid movement of the 
 regiment were turning in under hedge and bush. I was deter- 
 mined to stand it while I could ; but hotter grew the sun, the dust 
 filled the stifling air, rests seemed infrequent. I was at the last 
 point of exhaustion. I turned aside under a clump of bushes, and 
 had just time to fling open my belt and straps, when my brain 
 swam. 1 reeled, and had just consciousness enough to break my 
 fall so as to have my knapsack for a pillow : then down I went, 
 completely used up. I lay in a stupor thus, half-fainting, half-con- 
 scious, while within a few feet rolled and rumbled onward the ad- 
 vancing and victorious army. ' Yah moole,' I heard a darky say 
 to his mule, 'I know you's tired and weak ' ; but there is no rest 
 for man or beast. Others came and sat down with me, and so 
 we rested. A negro came by with chickens and ducks slung on 
 a pole. I got a duck from him, and from another a handful of 
 onions to flavor the stew. Thus we reached New Iberia. We 
 supposed we were to halt for a day or two in this village ; but the 
 enemy fled fast, so the next morning early we start out on another 
 tedious march. The order to ' fall in ' came so early and suddenly 
 that we had no time to make coffee or take any breakfast. 
 Capt. Long and four companies of the 52d were left behind as a 
 guard. After a mile or two we came to a turn in the road where 
 the advance had had a sharp skirmish with the retreating rebels- 
 Six or seven dead horses along the road, and one poor fellow in 
 butternut lay stretched on the sod, the morning light on his uncov- 
 ered face. Five or six more were in a gulley close by. There had 
 
UP THE TECHE 125 
 
 been no time to bury them. We, the living, had not even time to 
 eat, and were sweeping onward in our pursuit. 
 
 "It was dreadfully tedious and hot. We marched by the hour 
 together over dusty plains, under the burning sun. It was noon. 
 We are still without breakfast. It is now two o'clock, and we 
 have hobbled on some fourteen miles. I am sadly foot-sore. ' B.,' 
 I exclaimed at last, ' I will fall out if you will.' He is sick and 
 weary, more nearly spent than I am. We have half the regiment 
 for company, strewn along the whole line of our march. We sleep 
 for an hour by the side of the road, when two men of a Maine 
 regiment come up with a hand-cart they have confiscated. We 
 get permission to throw in our burdens, if only we will help draw 
 the cart. In this way we pull and push forward a mile or two, 
 our blistered feet making us limp at every step. Night comes, 
 and every trace of the army disappears. I am for pushing on 
 through the twilight, but B. is too ill. The Maine men are worn 
 out, and the vote is to stay till morning. During the evening 
 other stragglers arrive, — Bill Wilson's men. Irishmen, negroes, — 
 so that we have a large assembly. One fellow has stolen a fiddle, 
 on whose broken strings he manages to scrape out some tunes. 
 We listen for a while, but sleep comes very soon. The next morn- 
 ing we start off, hoping to overtake the regiment. We learn that 
 they are in a grove on the Bayou Vermillion. So close were they 
 to the flying remnant of the rebel column that the bridge across 
 the bayou was still in flames, and had become impassable. As 
 they stack arms in the rear of Nims's battery, only four men of 
 Co. D were left, the rest having fallen out. Of the ' Color Guard,' 
 none were left. Of the five hundred strong that left that morn- 
 ing, only fifty-nine stood in their places. It was hard. 
 
 "Wednesday we accomplished twenty -five miles; Thursday, 
 twelve or thirteen ; Friday, without any time to cook anything, 
 eighteen or nineteen. There was more to be done, however. 
 'Which is better,' said the colonel, 'to undergo all this fatigue 
 and labor or to have bloody battles and lose half the regiment?' 
 Banks had the alternative to follow by forced marches on the very 
 heels of the rebels or to fight battles. He chose the former 
 course. On Saturday night the bridge was rebuilt, and the 5 2d 
 was ordered across to guard it. We lay down after dark on the 
 opposite bank, and presently were drenched in torrents of rain in 
 a furious tempest. We lay in the pools, under the storm, until 
 morning : then, with all our baggage weighing double, we started 
 
126 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 off through deep mud for Opelousas, accompUshing the march of 
 twenty-five miles during Sunday and Monday. I have just had a 
 glance at the map. How little one can tell ! Louisiana is done 
 up neatly in pink. There is a cool-looking sheet of water, that 
 dismal Grand Lake where we came pretty near 'going up,' all of 
 us, on the 'St. Mary.' From Franklin to New Iberia is a little 
 stretch up through the pink, with not a mention of those dusty 
 leagues along which we almost left our lives as we limped over 
 them. The map is unsatisfactory; but catch us forgetting what 
 ache and sweat and hunger that distance cost us !" 
 
 The chaplain to his wife : — 
 
 You suggest in one of your letters that an egg beaten up with 
 whiskey would be very strengthening on a long march. Yes, un- 
 doubtedly ; but the trouble is, first, where is the whiskey to come 
 from, and, secondly, where the egg ? There is the rub. Hard-tack 
 and coffee Uncle Sam furnishes for such occasions. 
 
 April 19. — Orders came to start early. Capt. Perkins asked 
 me to eat some chicken broth with him. By the time it was 
 cooked another shower deluged us. As I ate the broth, about as 
 much water ran into the cup from my cap and from the clouds as 
 I could eat with my spoon. So the cup of soup held out a great 
 while. It was Sunday morning. During the pouring rain the 
 army was defiling by, the artillery dragging through the mud, and 
 the infantry soaked with rain. Before the rain was over we 
 wheeled into the line, and tramped on through mud and water all 
 day. It was a hard Sunday. Nothing to remind one that it was 
 Sunday. Our road lay along broad plains, stretching on for miles, 
 on which were immense herds of cattle. Horses, mules, sheep, 
 and swine were very abundant ; and the idea of starving out the 
 rebels, which had been discussed so freely, was seen to be quite 
 ridiculous. Whenever we stopped for the night, men were at once 
 sent out, and brought in beef, pork, and poultry for the regiment. 
 The rebels, as they retreated, attempted to burn, and in many 
 places succeeded in burning, the cotton ; but we were so near their 
 heels that they could not do much of that work. Every bridge 
 they could burn they did, and made us stop to repair it or wade 
 through the stream. 
 
 April 20. — Monday night brought us to the little tumble-down 
 town of Opelousas, where we expected the rebels would make a 
 stand. But they were too much used up for that, and the town 
 made an unconditional surrender. 
 
UP THE TECHE 
 
 127 
 
 We reached here as tired and jaded a set of men as you can 
 think of. Here we rested till Sunday morning in a tolerable camp- 
 ing ground, only there was no water within a quarter of a mile, 
 and then it was so muddy and slimy it seemed almost impossible 
 to drink or wash in it. This lack of decent water is a great draw- 
 back to this country. On Sunday we marched to Barre's Landing. 
 
 From Sergt. Whitney : — 
 
 " Saturday, April 18, we have for a rest. By night the bridge 
 being completed, we move across the bayou, and camp beside the 
 road, to protect the new bridge from rebel assault. The chaplain 
 and sergeant-major have made their beds together for most of 
 these campaigning nights, and they select a place on which now to 
 get their sleep. The clouds threatened rain, and the proposed 
 place is dishing ; but the spot is sheltered by the dense foliage of 
 a tree, and there are bulging roots for pillows. They have been 
 too long in the field to be particular, so they roll themselves up in 
 the blankets, and are soon fast asleep, side by side. Then come 
 the first drops of rain, increasing in quantity slowly. The chaplain 
 and sergeant-major are awake enough to keep from being stepped 
 on ; and at last the rain pours, and, working through the foliage, 
 falls down upon them. They draw up their rubber blankets, and 
 the rain falls upon their feet. They push down their blankets, and 
 it comes through their hair. The chaplain gets up, and looks for 
 a better place. He comes back. ' Sergeant-major, I have found a 
 good dry place : you would better come with me.' ' Where is it ? ' 
 sleepily. ' In a pig-pen, — a nice, dry shelf in a pig-pen, under the 
 roof. I am going there, and you would better come.' The sergeant- 
 major aches in every bone, besides being very doubtful whether, in 
 this excellent and attractive place, there is room enough for two. 
 ' I guess I will stay here ' ; and, after covering himself to keep off 
 the rain, he goes off to sleep. In half an hour he is disturbed by 
 some one who proposes to lie down by his side. This is not sur- 
 prising, for war makes strange bed-fellows. But he sleepily and 
 mildly asks, ' Who is it .? ' ' It is I,' the chaplain replies : ' I have 
 come back.' ' What is the matter ? Why did you not stay ? ' A 
 fresh flash of lightning reveals the chaplain giving an uneasy 
 scratch to his trousers : it is not necessary for him to add the 
 single word ' fleas.' In the morning the two comrades find them- 
 selves on an island in the midst of a considerable pond. Luckily, 
 by the help of a darky, they are able to dry their blankets before 
 it pours again." 
 
128 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 '■^ April 19. — With clothes, blankets, etc., wet, weighing twice 
 their usual weight, we marched on five or six miles to Lafayette. 
 From Vermillion Bayou a two days' march brought us to Ope- 
 lousas, fording a bayou where the water was up to our waists. 
 Dick Taylor's army was thoroughly disposed of. We had followed 
 them up so closely that they had not time to concentrate. Here 
 we rested five days. Some confiscated tobacco was issued, and 
 we forgot our troubles, and our blisters healed. In six days we 
 had marched one hundred and forty miles. Rations have beer> 
 scarce ; and we were a hard-looking crowd, so sunburnt as to look 
 like mulattoes, out at the elbows, out at the knees, out of money, 
 out of patience, — nothing plenty but hard marching, lice, and 
 fleas. 
 
 "One day an effort was made to skin the hind legs of an alliga- 
 tor, which had been shot an hour or two before. Eight or ten of 
 us were standing around to witness the operation. When the 
 knife penetrated the thick hide, Mr. Alligator swung around his 
 long tail, and we very unanimously lay in the dust. 'Golly, 
 massa soger ! ' said an old darky : ' dat critter won't die till de sun 
 go down.' And he did not." 
 
XII. 
 
 OPELOUSAS TO BARRE'S LANDING. 
 
 [April 20 to May 10, 1S63.] 
 
 From Col. Greenleaf : — 
 
 "When the brigade reached Vermillion Bayou at sundown, the 
 six remaining companies of the 52d Massachusetts could muster 
 but fifty-nine men with the colors, the 24th Connecticut but one 
 hundred and fifty, etc., by far the greater number of each com- 
 mand having fallen out by the way, from sheer physical exhaus- 
 tion. 
 
 " Veterans all understand the necessity for preserving the proper 
 intervals between regiments and brigades on such a march, and 
 that no regimental or brigade commander has any alternative but 
 to bear aloft and carry forward his colors, however hot the ad- 
 vance may make the pace. And thus the physical energies of man 
 and beast were taxed to the utmost in reaching Opelousas, and 
 apparently to little purpose, as we took few prisoners and captured 
 little property ; but we did make things lively for Gen. Taylor. 
 We at least demoralized his army and scattered his forces." 
 
 Gen. Banks gives a more cheerful account of the enterprise. 
 
 GEN. BANKS'S REPORT TO GEN. GRANT. 
 
 OrELOUSAS, April 23, 1863. 
 We have pushed with vigor the expedition upon which we were 
 engaged. Our success has been complete. We have utterly de- 
 stroyed the army and navy of this part of the Confederacy, and 
 made it impossible for the enemy to reorganize his forces for some 
 months to come. The infantry is completely dispersed. We have 
 captured two thousand prisoners, one thousand stand of arms, 
 ammunition, ordnance stores, etc., twenty heavy guns, demol- 
 ished his founderies at Franklin and New Iberia, and the salt- 
 works below Iberia. We have captured two steamers and several 
 boats, and compelled the destruction of ten or twelve transport 
 steamers. The capture of the fortifications at Butte a la Rose 
 opens to us completely the Atchafalaya to Red River. 
 
130 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT * 
 
 At the same time Gen. Banks issued a proclamation of thanks 
 to the army for the vigor with which they had conducted the cam- 
 paign and the success which had attended their efforts. 
 
 The colonel's account : — 
 
 " After resting a few days at Opelousas, Grover's division was 
 ordered to Barre's Landing, on the Courtableau, a tributary of the 
 Atchafalaya, nine miles distant, and near the head of steam navi- 
 gation for Mississippi River boats, where it set to work at once to 
 * gobble' up the products of the country, — cotton, sugar, molasses, 
 horses, cattle, mules, etc., — to ship to New Orleans everything 
 {nearly everything) but the live stock. But soon the army was 
 ready to move on to Alexandria on the Red River ; and yet it was 
 regarded important that a considerable force should be left at 
 Barre's Landing to continue the service of seizing the products of 
 the country, shipping the same to New Orleans, receiving and for- 
 warding other troops and supplies for the main army above, and 
 last, though not least, receiving and guarding Gen. Butler's his- 
 toric 'contraband of war.' 
 
 "Accordingly, at this time the colonel of the 52d Regiment re- 
 ceived an order from the general commanding, appointing him 
 commandant of the post, and charging him with these somewhat 
 important duties. 
 
 "The army moved forward, but the general was kind enough 
 and considerate enough to allow me to retain the six companies of 
 my regiment as a part of the post command. 
 
 " Soon after I had been assigned to this command, and just as 
 Gen. Grover was leaving the landing with his division, I was 
 waited upon by his quartermaster, Capt. F. W. Perkins, — a gentle- 
 man and scholar as well as soldier, — and was informed by him 
 that, while engaged in the general confiscation business with which 
 he had heretofore been specially charged, he had made the acquaint- 
 ance of a genuine Union man, — a wealthy planter residing about 
 two miles from the post, — who had voluntarily delivered to him 
 his cotton, sugar, and molasses, and hauled it to the steamboat 
 landing himself, taking the quartermaster's receipt therefor ; and 
 that, in addition to this, the planter had actually saved him and 
 his foraging squad from capture while on confiscating duty, by 
 giving him timely warning of the presence of the enemy, w'ho was 
 lying in ambush for him ; that, on being thus warned, he procured 
 additional force, and dispersed the enemy ; that, in consideration 
 of this double service rendered, as well as in consideration of the 
 
OPELOUSAS TO BARRE S LANDING I3I 
 
 fact that he had already parted with much property, he promised 
 the planter that he would not molest him further ; and that, on 
 learning that he (Capt. Perkins) was to move on with Gen. Grover, 
 while I was to remain, he had given the planter a letter to me, 
 setting forth these facts, and commending him to my favor and 
 consideration, not then expecting that he would be able to see me 
 in person ; but that, having the opportunity, he improved it to see 
 me. 
 
 " I answered the quartermaster that I was willing to accept his 
 statement of the case, and disposed to act upon his suggestion ; 
 that I was disposed to discriminate always, so far as possible in 
 such matters, between the loyal and disloyal citizen, and that I 
 saw no reason why I should make an exception to the rule with 
 his friend, the planter. The quartermaster — noble fellow! met a 
 tragic death — thanked me, and left; and a day or two later the 
 Union man and planter came with his letter. 
 
 " I found the letter as represented, and the planter confirmed 
 the statements made to me by the quartermaster. I promised to 
 protect him (the planter) from further molestation ; and, with a 
 cordial invitation for me to visit him on his plantation, he left me. 
 A few days later a delegation of negroes — intelligent, healthy, 
 hearty-looking fellows — waited upon me, as they said, 'to advise 
 with me about the situation.' They had noticed men, women, and 
 children of their people flocking to the post by the thousand, and 
 that they were protected and fed when they reached us. They 
 wanted my advice with regard to their own coming, also, with their 
 families. I asked them whence they came and to whom they be- 
 longed. They answered that they came from a plantation about 
 two miles away, and that they belonged to 'Massa Gantt,' — our 
 Union friend and planter. 
 
 "I then asked them if 'Massa Gantt' was kind to them. They 
 said he was. If he fed and clothed them well. They said he did; 
 that they had no fault whatever to find with his treatment of them, 
 but they ' wanted to be free.' I answered them that they could 
 come within our lines, with their families, if they wished, and that, 
 if they came, they should be protected the same as others ; but 
 that, from what I had learned of ' Massa Gantt ' before and from 
 what they had just told me, my advice to them would be to re- 
 main, for the present, just where they were. I told them I had 
 little doubt that they would all be free when the war should be 
 over, wherever they might be, but that, if they undertook to follow 
 
132 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the fortunes of the army with their families, I feared but few of 
 them would live to return. And I predicated the latter statement 
 on what I had known of the great mortality which had prevailed 
 among negroes when congregated in camp in large numbers. The 
 death-rate had been fearful : they had died off like diseased 
 sheep. 
 
 "These ' Gantt ' negroes thanked me for my advice, said they 
 should act upon it, and bowed themselves out of headquarters. A 
 week or two later I accepted Mr. Gantt's invitation, and visited 
 him at his house. I then and there saw some of the negroes 
 again, — saw how they fared, how they lived, etc., — and was con- 
 firmed in the opinion that I had given them wise counsel. Time 
 passed on. Gen. Banks was advised that Gen. Gardner had, as 
 anticipated, reduced his force at Port Hudson. Accordingly, he 
 hastened from Alexandria with the main army, recrossed the 
 Mississippi, and formally invested the offending town." 
 
 To my wife : — 
 
 Opelousas, April 25, 1S63. 
 
 We have had a hard, long march to this place. The rebels were 
 on the run ; and, the faster we marched, the less chance they had 
 to turn back and fight us. So on, on we went. The days were hot, 
 the roads good, the fields on every hand were covered with herds 
 which told us that the rebels were not starving. We halted once 
 where several dead horses told of a sharp skirmish. A house near 
 by was completely sacked by our boys. I am sorry to say the 
 52d helped. They destroyed everything they could lay hands on. 
 That night I slept with the men of Co. H, and our horses came 
 up at night, and of course I felt stronger. It was with some diffi- 
 culty, however, I rode. My jaundice made me so sleepy that I 
 could hardly keep my seat. 
 
 April 20. — Next day was Sunday. We were roused up early, 
 and had breakfast, but before we were through with it there came 
 another shower. I had a present of some chicken broth, which was 
 a great refreshment. We spent the day in a dreary, hot, wearying 
 march, twenty miles, to Opelousas. We must make it in two days, 
 and make all manner of detours in order to cross the streams where 
 the rebels had burned the bridges. We had to wade the horses 
 and guns through the bayous. The last day we w^aded the whole 
 army through a large pond with water two feet deep. We 
 reached Opelousas at sundown on Monday, April 20, tired and 
 
OPELOUSAS TO BARRE S LANDING I33 
 
 jaded as we possibly could be. We could hardly hav^e stood it 
 another da3^ We had accomplished our part of scattering the 
 rebel forces. It was good policy, doubtless, to push us on in that 
 way, but a hard one for our regiment. The next day Banks issued 
 an order which was read at dress parade, in which he congratu- 
 lated us upon the success of the movement and the great things 
 we had achieved. The rest here has been very grateful. The 
 drawback is the miserable water, not fit to use. We have to 
 drink water that you would not suppose a pig would drink, 
 — muddy, slimy, nasty, hot. Yesterday I bathed in a mud-puddle 
 that removed one layer of dirt and replaced it by another. We 
 are living well just now, plenty of poultry and fresh beef. Whitney 
 and I eat out of the same tin plate. We have allied our forces. 
 We have two cups, one plate, two spoons, between us. Fortu- 
 nately, he does not swear nor use tobacco. 
 
 We have left an awful scene of desolation behind us. In spite 
 of the orders not to pillage, burned and sacked houses mark our 
 course. We are getting impatient to have the time come for our 
 return home, but I do not regret coming ; but I do want to see 
 something accomplished. 
 
 The only looting I have observed in which the 5 2d Regiment 
 have taken a part has been on this march. Looting is a very dif- 
 ferent thing from foraging. The latter is securing, without pay to 
 the owner, the necessary food for the support of an army while in 
 a hostile country, and can be defended by the necessities of war. 
 Looting is stealing and destroying all property the men can lay 
 their hands on, without any idea of benefit to themselves. 
 
 We have done a good deal of foraging, of course, but never till 
 this march any looting that I have observed. Our men had be- 
 come careless of the rights of property, and it must be confessed 
 there were provocations for looting. For instance, one day on 
 this march we were passing a large, fine-looking plantation house. 
 A guard of Union soldiers was placed there, as was usually done, 
 to protect the place from molestation from the army passing by. 
 But the owner came out in a great rage, cursed the guard and the 
 officer who placed it as well as the army and the Union govern- 
 ment, whereupon the officer removed the guard, and left the place 
 to its fate. The soldiers at once rushed into the house, and ran- 
 sacked it from basement to attic, broke up the furniture, including 
 a nice piano, carried off such articles of ornament as they fancied, 
 and left the place a desolate wreck. Of course, the boys were to 
 
134 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 blame; but the owner, by his intemperate rage, brought the evil 
 upon himself. 
 
 Barre's Landing, April 27, 1S63. 
 
 Everything promised a quiet Sunday, and that implied a relig- 
 ious service, which we have not heard for about two months. 
 Ball came back this morning with about fifty others, who had been 
 left sick at Bayou Boeuf. He has been a long time on the way. 
 
 Saturday p.m. came an order to prepare to move next morning 
 at six o'clock from Opelousas. Just after we started Booth, of 
 Co. B, who had been ill for several days, fainted, and fell by the 
 wayside. His companions saw that death was nigh. They waited 
 a little while till they were sure that life was extinct, then dug a 
 grave, wrapped the body of their comrade in his blanket, covered 
 it over, and hurried on to join their places in the ranks. The 
 chaplain was in the advance, and too far away to reach, so the 
 poor fellow found a lonely grave by the wayside, with no religious 
 service and nothing to mark the spot. We moved directly east 
 from Opelousas, and were brought up by the breaking of a bridge 
 over the road as the cavalry was passing. About three o'clock 
 in the afternoon we reached this place at the junction of the 
 Teche and Bayou Courtableau, called Barre's Landing, ten miles 
 east from Opelousas and thirty or forty from Port Hudson. It is 
 a good camping ground, with good water; and I am off with 
 others for a bath. We found first-rate bathing, water quite decent, 
 not an alligator nor a moccasin in sight all the while. When we 
 reached here, there was a rumor that blackberries could be found 
 in a field. So, with my tin cup, I rushed in with the others, and 
 filled it half-full with green ones, then filled the cup with sugar 
 and water, kindled a fire on the ground with twigs, sat down by it, 
 and stewed them. You can have no idea how good they were. I 
 only regret that the stock of blackberries was so soon exhausted. 
 I took supper with the colonel, who is very kind, and is as popu- 
 lar as ever with the men. His popularity is well deserved. After 
 supper I went to see a Texan on a trained horse lasso some cattle. 
 He did it very skilfully. This morning I found near the camp an 
 old carryall, and with some assistance drew it into camp, and 
 made it my headquarters. It protects me from the sun, for we 
 have as yet no tents. I hope I can keep it. We are now in the 
 heart of a great cotton and sugar growing region. We are gather- 
 ing them in in great quantities, to be loaded on steamers for the 
 market. We employ several mule teams a day. Gen. Banks, I 
 
OPELOUSAS TO BARRE's LANDING 
 
 135 
 
 am told, estimated the cotton and sugar to be obtained in this 
 region at $10,000,000. It will take a great while to gather it all 
 in. I prefer to stay here in this lonely, out-of-the-way place than 
 to march as we have been. 
 
 Sunday seems to be the day chosen for extra work. We are 
 here, guarding this landing-place, where we are hauling in an im- 
 mense quantity of cotton, to be sent to New Orleans. We have 
 had no religious service for six weeks. I am getting much better. 
 The regiment is a good deal scattered. It is a miserable life that 
 we are leading, but I am now quite at my ease. 
 
 May I, 1863. — I have just heard of Perrigo's death. He died 
 at Bayou Boeuf, a hundred miles at least from here. He was a 
 good fellow. I am sorry to hear of his death. 
 
 You ask about my clothing. Well, it is a little dilapidated. My 
 stockings are out at the toes, and so are not convenient for pull- 
 ing on my boots ; for that process is likely to leave the stockings 
 at the top of my boots. I have not any undershirt except the one 
 I had on when the extra baggage was sent away. Constant wear 
 and occasional washing in these dirty puddles have rendered it 
 rather thin in texture. To-day the whole back came ofif. What is 
 left of it — that is, the front and arms — Ball washed ; and I pro- 
 pose to adorn myself in it if it grows cool to-night. The military 
 cap, which has often done duty as a night-cap, is in a shocking 
 bad condition ; but a man here is braiding me a palm-leaf, which is 
 easily obtained. The swamps are full of it. He will have to split 
 it with his jack-knife, and it will be rather green at first ; but it 
 will gradually fade to a respectable white. My solitary pair of 
 trousers is decidedly the worse for wear. I have found that my 
 relations with lizards, fleas, and possibly snakes, would be less 
 intimate if I wore my trousers at night, so they have clothed my 
 lower extremities ever since I left Greenfield. They have not 
 quite passed the power of my needle ; but, when they do give 
 way, it will be like the " Deacon's One-hoss Shay." The color, 
 too, has become a little uncertain, — hardly pass now for army 
 blue. Meals taken in the open air, without a table, run great risks 
 of scattering grease and molasses, which abound in this country, 
 into your lap. The march in the rear of an army, where the dust 
 is so dense you can see but a little ways before you, enables the 
 dust and the grease to form intimate relationships. There are no 
 chairs, of course ; and the trousers frequently bear from place to 
 
136 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 place marks of the various geological strata through which we 
 have passed. The beauty of my overcoat is sacrificed to its utility, 
 for I spread it under me at night ; and the time I spent in the pig- 
 pen imparted to it some odors which linger about it, as do those 
 of the flowers about the shattered vase. On the whole, I am well 
 ofif for clothes. About the only thing in which the regiment at 
 present is uniform is in having two large holes or patches in the 
 seat of their trousers. I wish we could make our appearance in 
 Greenfield streets in our present rig. I am sure you would all be 
 entertained. 
 
 It is May Day: the sun is hot. We have talked of crowning a 
 queen of May, but the only queen we could find was Dr. Sawyer's 
 black cook. — a very good woman, doubtless; but we could not 
 get up much enthusiasm for her. 
 
 From the Gazette and Courier : — 
 
 Barrcs Landifig, May 4. — We have had eight weeks now of 
 service in the field ; and active service it has been. We have had 
 no fighting, but we have had a great deal of hard marching. 
 Every march we have made has been harder than any previous one. 
 Camp Miller was the life of princes; Camp Banks, a good deal 
 harder; our first camp at Baton Rouge, harder still ; the second, 
 harder than the first; and since then we have been in the field, 
 learning by experience the hard lessons of war. This is a big 
 country, as level as it can be. You don't know how we sigh for a 
 good-sized New England hill. The boys and girls at home could 
 know nothing of coasting here, even if they had the snow. On 
 our marches we have generally had good roads. In the long 
 march from Berwick Bay to Opelousas we marched over plains 
 unfenced and which were covered with herds of cattle, which find 
 grand pasture there. It does not look as if the rebels were in 
 danger of starving. They have plenty of fresh meat and corn- 
 meal. Our men have been busy here at Barre's Landing bringing 
 in cotton. More than four thousand bales have been brought in, 
 and sent by boat to New Orleans. Our regiment has dwindled 
 away almost to a point. We are like a big snake, with the head 
 here, the folds at New Iberia, Brashear City, Bayou Bceuf, and 
 New Orleans, and the tail at Baton Rouge. Four of our com- 
 panies are at New Iberia, under Capt. Long, one of the most pop- 
 ular and efficient officers we have. 
 
 Dr. Richardson was sick, and left behind at Bayou Boeuf. 
 Now Dr. Sawyer is sick, and is going to Brashear City. So we are 
 
OPELOUSAS TO BARRE S LANDING I37 
 
 quite destitute of doctors, except as we use those of other regi- 
 ments. 
 
 May 7. — This is a fine level country. I have not seen a hill 
 or stone since I came into the State. The land is fertile, bears 
 great crops of cotton, corn, and sugar-cane, and produces more 
 alligators, snakes, lizards, scorpions, negroeg, to the acre than any 
 other State in the Union. There have been three thousand colored 
 people brought here since we came. I am provoked to see that 
 some of the newspapers at home are croaking fearfully about the 
 Banks expedition, — that it has proved a failure, as many thought 
 it would, the waste of time and money, that Banks is a coward, 
 and so on. Now the man that says this is a rebel at heart; for it 
 is false, every word of it. When the facts of the expedition are 
 known, every honest man will say that it has been thus far emi- 
 nently successful. 
 
 At Barre's Landing we spent most of the month of May, as 
 peaceful and uneventful a month as possible, alike removed from 
 war and civilization. Here we gathered in contrabands by the 
 thousands — a picturesque crowd — and cotton in great amounts. 
 It was a prolonged picnic. The boys, in gathering cotton for the 
 country's use, gathered in chickens at the same time for their own 
 use. Cooking utensils were not abundant : our tin pot was our 
 main dependence. I told the boys one morning that, if they 
 found a kettle lying around loose anywhere, they might bring it 
 along. At night one brought the very thing I needed, — namely, a 
 coal hod, — which served my purpose admirably. There was no 
 lack of poultry just then, some pork and potatoes could be secured 
 at the sutler's, and the commissary furnished hard-tack ; and such 
 delicious stews as we had ! Cannot get such living any where else. 
 Before my stew was quite cooked, the boys would come up to see 
 if they could get the loan of the chaplain's coal-hod for their own 
 stew. The coal-hod became a great favorite in the regiment. 
 Prolonged fasts on the previous march had prepared good appe- 
 tites for the luxuries Barre's Landing furnished. I have gone 
 somewhat extensiv^ely into the hen business. I keep some hens 
 tethered to stakes about the camp, and they furnish us some fresh 
 eggs ; but the hens are consigned to the coal-hod on the first 
 rumor of breaking up camp. Their missing places are soon sup- 
 plied. I think the planters in this region must have come to the 
 conclusion that the Yankees were fond of poultry, and had good 
 appetites. I wrote one sermon at Barre's Landing; but it was not 
 
138 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 upon the subject of stealing chickens. Such a topic would have 
 made a disturbance in camp. 
 
 J/<rv 4, '63. — At dress parade I invited the men to a prayer- 
 meeting. We have not had one for a long time, and a hundred or 
 more came to the meeting in my tent. The men sat down on the 
 ground in the open air. I had my confiscated carryall seat for a 
 pulpit. There are a multitude of men ready to help carry on such 
 meetings. Sunday was a splendid day. I looked over my one ser- 
 mon, and got ready for church, which consisted in sponging my 
 clothes with soap and water and mending them as well as I could. 
 We had a large congregation, good singing, and the sermon was as 
 good as the chaplain could make it. Then a bath in the river, and 
 afterwards a dinner, which consisted of minute pudding and 
 pickles. Then a call from Major Hall, a splendid fellow, full of 
 health and life, loves the service, especially in the cavalry, which 
 is full of excitement. He has all the dash aiid boldness required 
 for a good cavalry officer. He stayed to supper with me, which 
 consisted of mush and molasses; and, by a little management, I 
 contrived to have one plate for him and another for myself. I 
 hope we are to remain here and continue to guard this place. The 
 camp is better than I shall expect to get elsewhere. We do not 
 suffer much with mosquitoes, but the fleas are almost intolerable. 
 
 May 10. — In the evening we had a prayer-meeting in a cook 
 shanty. A picturesque sight I thought it. The shanty made of 
 rails, one tallow candle, forty or fifty rough men in their shirt- 
 sleeves or ragged coats, but all interested and earnest as they 
 could be. The chaplain had a chair, and sat in the centre as 
 moderator. After the meeting Hosmer and I went over to the 
 "nigger quarters," as they are called, where there were hundreds 
 of the poor creatures who have taken refuge with us. Poor fel- 
 lows I they have had a hard lot of it, and a still harder one is in 
 store. The present generation must suiter, whatever be the final 
 issue. 
 
 Corp. Hosmer at Barre's Landing : — 
 
 "A mountain of cotton bales is piled upon the river bank, to 
 which hundreds of teams are continually adding. We are stationed 
 here to serve as a guard while this property is being gathered. Is 
 this hard ? It is the government policy, and should be thus de- 
 fended. The owners of all this are rebels, who have fled at our ap- 
 proach. It is right, therefore, to confiscate their property. Great 
 barbarities, I fear, have been committed ; but of these I have seen 
 
OPELOUSAS TO BARRE's LANDING 1 39 
 
 but little. They are committed by stragglers. I do own up 
 frankly to pillaging, to have stolen some onions in the Swayze 
 garden, to have assisted in robbing some sugar-casks, and to have 
 held a candle while a lot of purloined cattle have been butchered. 
 It is nearly three weeks since we encamped on the Courtableau- 
 The pile of cotton is a mountain at the landing. All day long 
 teams have brought it in, and now it goes piecemeal through the 
 bayou on little steamers toward New Orleans. I am reduced now 
 to about the last stage. My blouse grows raggeder, my boots, as 
 the boys say, are hungry in many places. I have only one shirt, 
 and that has shrunk about the neck until buttons and button-holes 
 are irretrievably divorced. Washing days, if I were anywhere else, 
 I should have to lie abed until the washerwoman brought me 
 the shirt. Now I cannot lie abed for two reasons : first, I am 
 washerwoman myself ; second, the bed is only bed at night. By 
 daytime it is parlor floor, divan, dining-room, and librar}', and 
 therefore taken up. I have long been without a cup. Somebody 
 stole mine ; and I, unfortunately for me, am deterred by the relic 
 of a moral scruple which still lingers in my breast from stealing 
 somebody's else in return. Rations pall nowadays. We pine for 
 simple fruits and vegetables. The other day, however, I received 
 a gift. An easy- conscienced friend of mine bestowed on me 
 a superb turkey, — the biggest turkey I ever saw, probably the 
 grandfather of the whole race. He was fat, moreover, so that he 
 looked like an apoplectic alderman. I carried him to my tent 
 with toil and sweat ; but what to do with him for the night } If he 
 were left outside, he would certainly be stolen. So the only way 
 was to make a bed-fellow of him. Occasionally he woke up, and 
 gobbled. I feared all the night the peck of his bill and the im- 
 pact of his spurs. In the morning we immolated him with proper 
 ceremonies. The chaplain's coal-hod — the best thing in camp to 
 make a soup in — was in use ; but I found a kettle, and prepared 
 for an immense and savory stew, the memory of which will ever 
 steam up to me from the past with grateful sweetness." 
 
XIII. 
 DOWN THE TECHE. 
 
 [May 21, 1S63.] 
 
 The colonel's address : — 
 
 "May 21 orders came to us to vacate Barre's Landing, and to 
 march back to Brashear City. 
 
 "Col. Morgan, with the 90th New York Infantry, Col. Chicker- 
 ing, with the 3d Massachusetts Cavalry, had previously arrived. 
 Both officers 'ranked 'me, and both assumed to command en route. 
 The train was about eight miles long. In it were about five thou- 
 sand 'contrabands,' men, women, and children. One of the lieu- 
 tenants of the 52d Regiment, a brave soldier, but, sad to tell, not 
 as proficient in our English grammar as in the military tactics, 
 was charged with the somewhat onerous duty of getting the ne- 
 groes in line preparatory to marching, the first day; but he found 
 it considerable of an undertaking. If he succeeded in getting a 
 few in line, and then left them to bring others up, the first would 
 fall out, and then he would be compelled to go all through with 
 the same motions again ; and so on, until the poor fellow got 
 pretty much discouraged. At last, having got them in the best 
 shape he could, having toiled and sweat at the business for some 
 hours, he approached his captain, gave the military salute, and re- 
 ported, 'Captain, I have the honor to report that the colored corpse 
 is now ready to move.' 
 
 " It was so ordered that morning that my little command had 
 the rear of the moving train, and therefore was the last to file out 
 of camp. I remained to see the last company and the last negro 
 off; and, just as the left of tlie last company filed past me into the 
 highway, I heard loud shouting and considerable of a hurrah on 
 the opposite side of the bayou, and, turning, saw a long line of 
 mule trains, laden with a great variety of 'plunder,' mainly house- 
 hold effects topped out with any number of 'contrabands,' of all 
 ages and both sexes, hurrying pell-mell to the Landing. 
 
 " I waited for the first ferry-load to cross, and was soon saluted 
 
DOWN THE TECHE I41 
 
 by two or three of the same colored delegation that had favored 
 me with a visit from our Union friend's — ' Massa Gantt's ' — plan- 
 tation a few weeks previous, and who then asked and accepted my 
 advice with respect to themselves. I expressed some surprise at 
 seeing them (having first returned the salute), and asked them 
 what they were doing. They said, when they left me before, thev 
 thought they would do as I advised them, and stay with ' Massa 
 Gantt ' ; but, when they learned the day before that we were all 
 going to leave, they changed their minds, and concluded to 'go 
 'long, too,' and then asked me if they should not push on, and join 
 their friends. I said, ' Certainly you can, if you wish ; but how 
 about these mules and wagons and provisions and fine household 
 furniture ? Are these all yours ? ' ' No : dem tings all 'long to 
 Massa Gantt ; but we wants 'em, and so we takes 'em.' ' But is 
 that right ? Ought you to take things in this way which do not 
 belong to you ? Your people who have gone along are not pro- 
 vided with such things, nor are the soldiers even ; and why should 
 you sfc-a/ them in order to have them ? ' ' Well, we wants 'em, and 
 so takes 'em,' was all they were inclined to say about it. And so I 
 left them, and rode at once to Col. Chickering, — who, by special 
 order from Gen. Banks, had command of the train, — briefly made 
 known to him the situation, and suggested that, while the negroes 
 themselves should be taken and cared for, they should be required 
 to surrender their stolen property, and that it should be returned 
 to the owner. But the colonel took a different view of the plunder 
 question. He said, 'Let them go along with us to Brashear City, 
 and you can report the matter there to the post commander.' So, 
 musing on the mutability of all human affairs, and of the affairs 
 of 'contrabands of war' in particular, I rejoined my regiment. A 
 few hours later the plundered gentleman himself overtook the 
 train, and rode up to me and my staff. He arose at the usual 
 hour that morning, to find himself dispossessed of nearly all his 
 personal property, — mules, wagons, beds, bedding, beef, pork, 
 crockery, silver-ware, cutlery, furniture, — everything, pretty much, 
 that the sable crowd could lay their hands on had been taken ; 
 that they had not even left silver or crockery or cutlery or pork 
 enough to set a table for two. And what could he do about it ? 
 I reported to him what I had myself seen and already done in the 
 premises, explained the situation as well as I could, and suggested 
 to him that he accompany us to Brashear City, one hundred and 
 ten miles distant, where I would use the little influence I might 
 
142 ■ HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 have to get the stolen property returned to him. The gentleman 
 was only too glad to act upon my suggestion. 
 
 "The commanding officer, fearing an attack upon our rear and 
 the loss of his train, favored us with a forced march the entire 
 distance. The last day we were attacked, and marched forty 
 miles in much the same deplorable condition as when we chased 
 the rebels up the Teche, four or five weeks previously. Then the 
 enemy ran before us : now we scud before them. But we arrived 
 safely at the post, albeit we were nearly exhausted. 
 
 "On arriving, I found orders awaiting me to report without delay 
 with my regiment to our brigade commander before Port Hudson. 
 Gen. Banks having previously invested the town, all his available 
 troops were needed. Orders, therefore, were at once given for 
 the regiment to take cars for New Orleans, whence we were to 
 take steamer up the river ; and, while these orders were being exe- 
 cuted, I went with Mr. Gantt to submit his case to the post com- 
 mandant. Col. Walker, of the 4th Massachusetts. I briefly stated 
 the case to Col. Walker, giving him the facts substantially as stated 
 above, denounced the stealing by the negroes as an outrage which 
 ought not to be encouraged by the authorities, and urged him 
 strongly to deal justly by the wronged man, and order his property 
 restored to him. Col. Walker gave me to understand that he 
 would do this ; and I left him to attend to his own duties, while, 
 with my own brave lads, I hastened to continue my duties on the 
 sanguinary fields of Port Hudson. 
 
 " A year or more later I was informed by our worthy and effi- 
 cient division quartermaster, before mentioned, that Col. -Walker 
 refused to do anything whatever for our Union friend after I left ; 
 that he was compelled to return home empty-handed a few days 
 afterward, mortified, disappointed, disgusted ; and that his negroes, 
 who so deserted and wronged him, had since, from some cause or 
 other, nearly all died, that not more than five or six per centum of 
 their number survived. And six months later, while honoring me 
 with a friendly visit in New Orleans, the unfortunate gentleman 
 himself confirmed the sad tale with his own lips." 
 
 Sergt.-Major Whitney wrote this account for the Springfield 
 Republican, and I make copious extracts from it : — 
 
 "On the 2ist of May we broke camp at Barre's Landing, and 
 took up our southward march. At the head was the 41st Massa- 
 chusetts Cavalry, then a train six or eight miles long, with here 
 and there a regiment and a section of artillery, and then the rear 
 
DOWN THE TEC HE 
 
 143 
 
 guard. The train was such a sight as few of us have ever had the 
 chance to see. There were fifty ammunition wagons, the pieces 
 having gone along with Banl<s. There was a drove of over one 
 thousand horses, mules, and beeves. There were six thousand 
 negroes on foot, on horseback, or in carts ; five hundred emigrant 
 wagons, loaded with everything conceivable, such as feather beds 
 and* bureaus, to mountainous heights ; a nursing mother, with her 
 baby, mounted on a pinnacle, or a self-conscious African beauty 
 answering the salutations of the soldiers with smiles, showing a 
 brilliant display of teeth. We must have made an amusing, even 
 if an infuriating, spectacle to the natives. Though we were carry- 
 ing off their chattels, real and peisonal, few could have failed to 
 get a hearty laugh at the circus parade we furnished them with 
 their earthly goods. 
 
 " The blooming of the roses attended our northward march. 
 Now that is past, and the blackberry season has come instead. 
 At every halt the men turn to the sides of the road, and eat great 
 berries as big as their thumbs. Indeed, we did scarcely anything 
 else. It is one of the curious things about heavy marching that 
 the memory does not hold events or sights of the way in their true 
 order. Experience follows experience, so that all events are well- 
 nigh effaced. As one sits down to recall what happened on that 
 march, there floats up a vision of soldiers swarming into sugar- 
 houses with empty haversacks, and tumbling out again, laden 
 with sweets. One loaded more than he liked ; for the top of the 
 hogshead of molasses had yielded under him, and he dropped in 
 to his neck in the luscious fiuid. Until that man could wash his 
 clothes, he was not counted good company, except by the flies and 
 ants. At the edge of every town the fifes and drums struck up, 
 the men fell into step, brought their muskets from arms at will to 
 right shoulder shift, and went down the street in impressive style. 
 Very funny was one sight as we went through St. Martin's. Two 
 ladies are sitting very haughtily on their upper gallery, through 
 their fans watching the Feds go by, their heads held very loftily, 
 and their looks full of disdain. Suddenly their colored mammy 
 rushed out from the lower part of the house, overpowered by the 
 sight of our long procession, and determined, though weighing 
 fully two hundred and fifty pounds, to go on foot with us, many 
 thousands of her people, sure that liberty and happiness would 
 be wherever they were going. Suddenly the haughtiness of the 
 tine ladies on the gallery changed. They flashed down the inner 
 
144 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Stairs, rushed to the very edge of the street, got each a fat arm of 
 their household rehance, and sought to drag her back to the house. 
 The soldiers cheered both sides, but the ladies prevailed. 
 
 "Our first day's march was eighteen miles, the next we made 
 eighteen, and on the following day, the 23d, we made eighteen 
 miles again. On the 24th we made fifteen miles. On the 25th we 
 went through Franklin, making twenty-one miles, stopping a little 
 below Centreville, expecting to encamp. Ninety miles in five days 
 was pretty good speed for a party hampered as we were with an 
 enormous train. But just here we find that our real work was 
 about to begin. We are just settling down to a night's rest, when 
 stafif officers, in intense excitement, came dashing up to the various 
 colonels with orders to return immediately and quickly on our 
 tracks. Silently, but with inward grumblings, we fall into line, go 
 back into the road, and plod back, back, back. Five miles we 
 measured in our silence, broken only by an occasional expletive 
 from one who does not see the fun of all this. At last we halted 
 for a while, and then, in the end of daylight, deployed into a field, 
 along the fences facing northward, and watched. But we were 
 convinced that no enemy was on the road to shell us then. It 
 turned out afterwards that Gen. Mouton, in command of a rebel 
 force, expected to attack us, but thought he could do it better 
 further on, as he was told that we were embarrassed with an enor- 
 mous train and with hordes of negroes. Convinced that we were 
 safe for the night, we came back grumbling. Thinking that it was 
 a scare on the part of our officers, we crept back to the place where 
 we had started to camp. When we reached it, it was half-past eleven 
 at night. We had added ten miles for what we thought at the 
 time a useless scare, — ten miles to the twenty-one that had seemed 
 a good deal more than enough. 
 
 " It did not take us long to fall upon the ground, and get lost 
 in the soundest sleep. Presently came the call, ' Fall in ! fall in ! ' 
 It was hard to wake us when no bugle blast from mules at the 
 wagon wheels had given ofiicial notice of the coming of day, and 
 no genuine bugle call at headquarters had said, 'Wake up!' It 
 is not day : it is the moon that is rising. We have slept but an 
 hour. It is only half-past twelve. What can be wanted now.? 
 We go heavily into the road, and turn southward. We are pressed 
 on without halts for rest. Thirty-one miles of marching since the 
 early morning prepared us poorly for this. The men, with terrible 
 thoughts which struggle against the oppression of desire for sleep. 
 
DOWN THE TECHE I45 
 
 — the men sleep as they march. Speak to them, and you have to 
 rouse them as you would have to arouse a man at midnight in his 
 bed. Seven miles are measured by four o'clock, and then there is 
 a halt. The train keeps on. At dawn of day the enemy was up, 
 and pressing on in the road for a sharp battle, an easy victory, and 
 a splendid prize. They reach our camping ground in the morning, 
 and we are not there. The bird has flown, and has lodged seven 
 miles away. The fatal rest of the rebel force at Vermillionville, 
 and Col. Chickering's prudence in ordering a forced march after 
 moonrise have snatched from them the prize that they had marched 
 so far and so fast to win. Gen. Mouton calls off the pursuit ; and 
 his men, jaded, disappointed, disgusted, returned slowly up the 
 Teche. 
 
 "The next morning we spring swiftly on for thirteen miles, and 
 at noon are at Berwick Bay, under the shelter of our guns. The 
 number of Union soldiers on that march was about one thousand 
 eight hundred well-seasoned men. We have made one hundred 
 and twenty miles in five and one-half days, fifty three in the last 
 thirty hours, forty miles in twenty-four hours ; and now our jour- 
 ney is done. We cross the Atchafalaya, and encamp." 
 
 Daniel W. Lyman gives the following account in the Northamp- 
 ton Gazette : — 
 
 "Thursday morning, May 21, we fall into line with a train some 
 six or eight miles long. The force consists of the 41st Massachu- 
 setts mounted, the 90th New York, 52d Massachusetts, 26th and 
 22d Maine Regiments, one company of the 13th Connecticut, and 
 one section of Nims' battery. Could the train pass through the 
 Connecticut Valley, say from Greenfield to Springfield, it would 
 have been a sight greater than any circus that ever was exhibited. 
 The cavalry took the advance, then a long train of wagons loaded 
 with commissary stores, then ambulance wagons, then a long train 
 of contrabands, with vehicles of all sorts, shapes, and sizes, piled 
 with all manner of furniture, the weak, sick, and infirm on the top 
 of the load. We were hoping to have an easy march. Six miles 
 without halting in the heat of the day and through clouds of dust. 
 After a halt for dinner we went on till after dark, making a dis- 
 tance of more than twenty miles the first day. For three days on 
 we continued our march with varied experiences, making each day 
 from fifteen to twenty miles, and met with no difficulty till near 
 the close of the third day, when, after the advance had encamped 
 for the night and were waiting for the rest to come up, the rear 
 
146 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 guard was fired upon, and a portion of the force was ordered back 
 five miles, to find that only a few guerillas were falling back be- 
 fore them. After they were driven back, the infantry were ordered 
 about, and continued to march all night, except an hour at mid- 
 night. We arrived at Berwick Bay, having marched one hundred 
 and twenty-six miles in five days and two hours, the last fifty- 
 three miles in twenty-eight consecutive hours." 
 
XIV. 
 
 LETTERS FROM NEW ORLEANS. 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 New Orleans, May 21, 1S63. 
 
 This is a new spot to write from, — in a civilized place, with a 
 chair to sit in and a marble-top table under my paper. I had 
 been thinking for several days at Barre's Landing to ask for leave 
 of absence for a few days, and go into the city ; but on Sunday 
 last Col. Greenleaf gave me a pass. I supposed he wanted I 
 should render assistance to a crowd of sick men that were to be 
 sent to New Orleans. It turns out that he thought I was not 
 usually well, and needed a rest and a change, so he was sending 
 me to New Orleans. The impression then was that the 5 2d Reg- 
 iment was to move soon to Red River. On Monday I went aboard 
 the boat for Brashear City. While waiting for the boat to start, 
 the colonel came aboard, and told me, in the strictest confidence, 
 that he had just received orders to march the regiment back to 
 Brashear City, one hundred and twenty-five miles distant, and to 
 take with them, all the contrabands, mules, horses, wagons, etc., 
 that they could lay their hands on. I rejoiced with great joy that 
 I had escaped that march. It will be a hard one for the boys. I 
 should have felt that I must go with them, had I known it. On 
 board our boat were two hundred sick men to be left at Brashear 
 City, under care of Dr. Sawyer, one hundred and ten bales of cot- 
 ton, and three or four hundred negro women and babies. We 
 started at 3 p.m., and passed down the Bayou Courtableau and 
 stirred up any number of alligators asleep on the bank. At dusk 
 we reached the Atchafalaya, and tied up to a tree, and remained 
 there all night. The boat was so crowded there was no place to 
 sleep. Dr. Sawyer and I attempted it on the dining-table ; but the 
 doctor was taken ill, so I was up with him most of the night, and 
 got no sleep. The next morning we were early on our way on the 
 Atchafalaya. Do you remember that these are the places where 
 Evangeline sought for Gabriel ? In the morning, as we passed 
 Butte a la Rose (the Greenfield paper called it Butler La Rosa), we 
 
14S HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 met a boat coming up. I thought of you on board looking for me 
 a la Evangeline. I did not see you ; but we passed near enough to 
 catch glimpses of the men of our four companies, A, E, F, and G, 
 on board, going up to Barre's Landing. They will get there just 
 in season to join the others in their long march back to Brashear 
 City, which they have just left. It is too bad ; for they have just 
 marched from New Iberia to Brashear City, — fifty miles. Many 
 conjecture that the march is all a feint, and that the 52d Regiment, 
 when it does move, will move norlh to Simmesport, where Grover's 
 division is concentrating. All this is conjecture. 
 
 We reached Brashear City at 2 p.m. I was busy at once, helping 
 unload the sick men. Dr. Sawyer is better, but could do nothing. 
 Hosmer says, as he stood looking on as I came off with one and 
 another sick fellow leaning upon my shoulder, a man standing by 
 said, referring to me, "He is a clever old fellow, is he not?" 
 There is, indeed, a good deal of labor and exposure, when every 
 month adds at least a year to the age of every man in the regi- 
 ment. We are a bronzed, shaggy, ragged set. We have six or 
 seven hundred sick men in tents at Brashear Cit}', about fifty of 
 the 5 2d Regiment boys, none very sick. Mason Moody I saw as 
 we passed through ; thin, but does not look sick. I tried to see 
 the sick men in the hospital, and told the boys they were in luck 
 in staying here and avoiding the hard march which the regiment 
 must make ; for the roads would be very dusty, the water scarce, 
 and of so poor a quality that we would not want to wash our 
 feet in it at home. We are living in great excitement, full of con- 
 fidence that something is at last to be done at Port Hudson. 
 
 New Orleans, May 26. 
 The mail has come. I hope there is a letter for Pat somewhere. 
 I mean the little, good-natured, friendless, dirty Pat that I have 
 told you about, who rarely fails to bring me in a drink of milk in 
 his canteen when he is on picket duty. I have been to look after 
 the baggage of our regiment, and found that most of the boxes 
 had been broken into. Shall I bring our colored boy, Sam How- 
 ard, home with me? If I do, keep the garden going; then get 
 into the easiest chair with the newest novel, and call out occa- 
 sionally: "Sam, pick the peas!" "Sam, dig the potatoes!" 
 " Sam, put the rooster to bed ! " When Bridget is washing, you 
 may say : " Sam, fill the coal-hod." " Sam, kill the pullet, and 
 make a savory stew." 
 
LETTERS FROM NEW ORLEANS I49 
 
 I hope you will not worry about my health, I was a good deal 
 run down when I came here ; but I have secured lodgings with 
 a good colored woman, and she takes excellent care of me, and 
 I hope I am improving. I am expecting the regiment will pass 
 through here on their way to Port Hudson, and I hope I shall be 
 well enough to go with them. That is my only trouble now. I 
 am too weak to do much marching. I get on nicely with my col- 
 ored hostess. I listen to her stories, praise her children and her 
 cooking, and she does get up the nicest little home dishes you can 
 imagine. I think it will be best for me to stay here till I am bet- 
 ter, before I undertake to join the regiment. I did expect to go 
 to-morrow, but I will wait a day or two. Do not worry about me 
 or fancy that I am sick ; for I am not, only in the condition where 
 I must be very careful of myself. 
 
 May 28. — The regiment has arrived, and are marching on 
 toward Port Hudson. They have had a hard march from Barre's 
 Landing to Brashear City, — forty miles, they say, in twenty-four 
 hours. 
 
 To my Sunday-school : — 
 
 New Orleans, May 31, 1S63. 
 
 I am hauled up here a few days foi- repairs, not to get a new 
 leg or arm, like multitudes of poor fellows I see in the hospitals. 
 But I had become a little weak in the joints. I needed rest. So 
 I obtained a few days' leave of absence, and came here, where 
 a good mulatto woman has taken me into her nicely furnished 
 rooms, 
 
 Sunday is spent very strangely in camp, very different from 
 what I could wish. My last Sunday with the 5 2d Regiment was 
 at Barre's Landing. Late Saturday night a boat came up and 
 brought a mail ; and, as I am postmaster, I had to sort and dis- 
 tribute the mail. - Some came Saturday night for theirs, others 
 Sunday morning. I was busy till noon on Sunday in sorting the 
 mail, and getting one ready to go back. Then to the hospital, 
 with a mail for the sick men there. In the afternoon the men 
 were called out for inspection, all their guns, knapsacks, and 
 equipments carefully examined. If a speck of rust is seen on a 
 gun, the man is sent in disgrace to his tent to clean it. As soon 
 as the inspection was over, we were all called out to a review. It 
 seemed quite useless, and especially so to have it on Sunday. The 
 men scolded about it ; but it does not do to scold in the army. 
 
150 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 We must do as we are told.. I have no doubt we made a very 
 pretty show for some people who had come up from New Orleans, 
 evidently to see the little army here. After supper I called to- 
 gether as many of the men as were disposed to come, and we had 
 a good religious service. 1 stood at the door of my tent, and the 
 men sat on the ground before me. I preached a sermon from the 
 text Mark xii. 30. What was it .'' There is a good deal about a 
 soldier's life, which is very hard ; but to sleep on the ground, even 
 without a tent over you, is not a great hardship. To eat coarse 
 food is not very bad. A man who is in good health will never 
 complain of his food or his lodging. The hardship comes when a 
 man is sick, — marching all day when he should be in bed. To be 
 sick in the hospital, with no kind hand to minister to his wants, 
 is very hard. We have seen a great deal of this. The govern- 
 ment does all it can for the comfort of the men, but there is a 
 great amount of suffering ; for they are bringing to the hospitals 
 every day men wounded in the recent battles at Port Hudson, 
 some with arms, some with legs shot off, and these men suffer 
 terribly. War is a horrible thing, and I hope the time will come 
 when there will be " peace on earth and good will to men " ; but 
 it is not yet. We have a good government, and we must do all we 
 can to defend it. And I hope we shall hear good things from Port 
 Hudson and Vicksburg. When these are taken, the government 
 will let us go home, and not till then ; and it will be a glad day 
 for all of us who can reach home. 
 
 Stowell's letter from New Orleans : — 
 
 " We arrived at Brashear City about noon, making fifty miles 
 since the morning before. There were only eleven of our com- 
 pany to come in : the rest had fallen out. I did not feel very 
 badly when I reached Brashear City ; but I lay upon the ground 
 and slept nearly twenty-four hours, and, when I awoke, I was used 
 up, and for two or three days was quite sick. I am better now ; 
 but another trouble has come, — one of my hips and knees refuses 
 to navigate. I don't know what the matter is, unless it is rheu- 
 matism. It pains me quite hard, and I cannot walk much ; but I 
 am in good quarters, where I have the best of care. We arrived 
 at Algiers just at night, and the order came for all who were able 
 to go on board a boat immediately for Port Hudson. Out of thirty- 
 eight of our company, fifteen have been sent to the hospital. 
 
 '"'■ Sunday, May 31, — The surgeon has just been the rounds, and 
 
LETTERS FROM NEW ORLEANS I5I 
 
 this afternoon I am to have my hip blistered, which I think will 
 help me. 
 
 "•Hospital, Jime 4. — The doctor has blistered my hip, and I 
 am doing quite finely, and hope to join the regiment all right. I 
 am in good health and spirits, and, had I been treated as a human 
 being should be, this would not have happened to me ; but to 
 march men fifty miles in twenty-eight hours in this climate is a 
 little more than most men can endure. There are sixty patients in 
 the room I am in, and about the same number in the other rooms. 
 The deaths average about eight a day. They are taken out every 
 morning, put into the dead-house, and are buried in the after- 
 noon. I am growing a little better, so that I walk about some 
 with a cane. It is very warm here, — a steady heat day after day. 
 The thermometer ranges from 100° to 108° in the shade. 
 
 '■'■June 15. — I asked the doctor to send me to the regiment, but 
 he would not do it, 
 
 "y«//^25. — I am gaining, but would be better to stay here a 
 few days longer ; but they are wanting every man they can get 
 at Port Hudson. It is said we have lost over three thousand men 
 there. 
 
 " ^ime 26. — I expected to leave yesterday, but tlid not. This 
 morning I received a mail for the first time since coming here. It 
 had all been up to the regiment at Port Hudson. I had ten let- 
 ters from home. Just think of it ! I am expecting the order every 
 minute to 'fall in'; then ho! for Port Hudson. I can get there 
 without much marching. 
 
 ''Lafayette Square, New Orleans, July 2.— This date shows 
 that I am not at Port Hudson, as I expected to be by this time. 
 The rebels are getting so thick about here that they will have to 
 keep what troops they have in this city. I have charge of a squad, 
 and am quartered on Lafayette Square, in about the centre of the 
 city, and one of the most pleasant places I ever saw. I am not 
 quite as well as I wish,— not as well as when I was at the hos- 
 pital. 
 
 " y^b' 4-— Yesterday I did not sit up, and think I shall have to 
 go back to the hospital again. They are celebrating the Fourth 
 in great shape. 
 
 ''July 10.— Port Hudson and Vicksburg have both fallen,— one 
 on the 4th, the other on the 8th. Everything has been in a state of 
 excitement ever since. It has been nothing but firing of cannon, 
 music, torchlight processions, etc., and, in contrast to all this, loads 
 
152 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 of wounded, sick, and dying men going by to the different hos- 
 pitals, all mixed up together. July 15 left New Orleans at 5 p.m., 
 and arrived at Baton Rouge the i6th at one o'clock r.M. Landed 
 at Port Hudson at 6 p.m. on Thursday. Found the regiment 
 camped about a mile from the river, a good many of them sick, 
 and all homesick. I believe it is the most nasty, hateful, God-for- 
 saken place I have seen in the whole campaign, but we are all in 
 hopes to get away from here soon. 
 
 " Thursday, jfuly 23. — We are at last fairly started for home, on 
 the boat ' Choteau.' " 
 
XV. 
 
 NEW IBERIA. 
 
 Neiv Iberia. — I have already said that, in our hurried march up 
 the Teche, on our arrival at New Iberia, four companies, — A, E, 
 F, and G, — were detailed to remain and hold the place. Capt. 
 Long was appointed provost-marshal. This detachment was to 
 keep the peace of the town and gather in such stores of cotton 
 and sugar as they could find for the benefit of the government, 
 and to prevent the transportation of salt from the mines near at 
 hand to rebel armies. The duty assigned was not a hard one, and 
 was faithfully performed. I have the benefit of several journals 
 which were kept by most of these companies, from which I make 
 copious extracts. First Capt. Richmond's account : — 
 
 "Although loath to be separated from the regiment, we were glad 
 to be spared the terrible march in the heat and suffocating dust. 
 The different companies were stationed in different parts of the 
 town, Co. E, in the western part, had charge of the prisoners, of 
 which there were about a hundred and fifty. The prison pen was 
 a church, which perhaps never before saw so large a congregation. 
 We kept the prisoners a few days, when a detail was made from 
 each company, under the command of Capt. Bliss, and they were 
 marched down to Franklin, and delivered up to the regulars. 
 Our duties while at New Iberia were not very arduous. We main- 
 tained picket lines on several of the roads leading out of the town, 
 and kept the little town well governed. We occasionally sent a 
 foraging party out into the country to pick up something better 
 than army rations. This is about the way that a certain lieuten- 
 ant and a small squad did the work : Arriving at a plantation with 
 a mule and a cart, the lieutenant asked the planter if he had any 
 sheep. If he had, he was ordered to have his darkies drive them 
 up into the yard. The lieutenant then would pick out about half 
 a dozen fat lambs, and order the darkies to kill and dress them, 
 and put them into the cart. This done, he would say to the 
 planter,'Send in your bill to Uncle Sam. 'Whether our uncle got 
 the bill or not we do not know; but we got the lambs." 
 
 While here, Capt. Richmond had a horse that did not suit him very 
 
154 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 well. One day, as he had him saddled for a ride, he saw a man 
 coming down the road (a rebel of course), mounted on a fine-looking 
 horse. As he came up, the captain hailed him, and said, " I would 
 like to swap horses with you." Not thinking to force matters, in- 
 deed not expecting to make a trade, the reb never spoke a word, 
 but got off his horse, removed and changed the saddles and 
 bridles, handed the reins to the captain, mounted his new horse, 
 and rode away. During the whole transaction not a word was 
 spoken. The captain noticed a sort of a vicious smile on the face 
 of the reb as he rode away, but thought little of it at the time, but 
 afterward had occasion to recall it. He felt quite proud of his 
 new horse ; but his conscience troubled him a little for taking it 
 away from the reb, feeling that the proposition to swap amounted, 
 to the reb, to a positive order. The captain mounted his new 
 horse and rode out into the country. He soon discovered that 
 he had not a very pious horse, but one much like Josh Billings's 
 mule, of which he said that, if he was going to break him, he 
 should begin at the forward end. The next day he, in company 
 with Capt. Bliss, started for the bayou at the salt-works, to shoot 
 alligators, each having a musket on the saddle. They had got 
 out of town a short distance when the captain's horse concluded 
 to try titles with his Yankee rider. By a series of plunges and 
 bolts, he succeeded in landing the captain in the ditch, insensible 
 for a moment. Across the plain the horse went, and the captain 
 never saw him again, and never wanted to; but he has many times 
 since recalled the sardonic smile on the face of the reb while 
 changing horses. That horse no doubt really thinks to this day 
 that he killed one Yank. We whiled away our time as best we 
 could, endeavoring to earn our $13 per month in killing time, if 
 not rebels. During most of the time that we were at New Iberia 
 we had no surgeon and no medicine, which, I suppose, accounts for 
 the good health of the men while there. One object of our stop 
 at New Iberia was, I suppose, the salt-works, from which the rebs 
 were taking out large quantities of very fine salt. These works 
 were destroyed by our force, but years after were worked under 
 the superintendence of our Col. Greenleaf for a time. We finally 
 received an order to leave New Iberia and the Teche Country, 
 and take off what little force there was below us, and take the 
 darkies that wanted to go with us, leave them at Brashear City, 
 take the boat up the Atchafalaya River, and join our regiment. 
 We left New Iberia May 13, fully expecting to be attacked by the 
 
NEW IBERIA 155 
 
 rebs before we got far with our twelve hundred darkies, but were 
 not molested. We sailed up the Atchafalaya River, and joined our 
 regiment May ig, very glad to take our old places in line again 
 after more than four weeks' absence. 
 
 Stowell's letter : — 
 
 '■'■ Nezu Il)cria, April 16, 1863. — Now for the first time in many 
 days I have a little leisure. I must begin back a little ways. We 
 left Brashear City one week ago. Our division was put on trans- 
 ports. We were crowded aboard the boat as thick as we could 
 stand. Every inch of room was occupied, as we did not expect 
 to be aboard but two hours ; but a gun-boat that was to escort 
 us ran aground, and so we were kept aboard forty hours. We 
 all suffered for want of rest. We could neither lie down nor sit 
 up, and headaches and cramps prevailed. We landed at a place 
 called Indian Ridge. The rebels were not asleep, and we skir- 
 mished with them all day, but finally drove them over a bayou, while 
 they attempted to burn the bridge; but we were so near they did 
 not succeed. At dark both sides stopped ; and we were allowed to 
 rest a little, though kept in line of battle. Our regiment was in 
 a ploughed field ; and we lay down in a line, and were soon asleep, 
 gun in hand. Of course, we had no supper, and, in fact, had had 
 nothing but hard-tack for two or three days before. When we had 
 lain there about an hour, the rain began to pour in torrents, but no 
 help for it. Our main effort was to keep our guns and powder dry, 
 which was somewhat difficult, with the water an inch deep under us 
 and pouring down over us. At 4 a.m. we were again in line, and 
 witnessed, without sharing in, the battle of Indian Ridge. We were 
 held in reserve ; and, just as we were ordered in, the rebels broke 
 and ran. The afternoon we were engaged burying the dead and 
 bringing in the wounded. I never wish to witness another such 
 sight. I have no means of knowing the loss, but it must have 
 been several hundred on each side. The 25th Connecticut lost 
 their colonel, lieutenant colonel, and adjutant, and about eighty 
 from the ranks. They had only three hundred before the fight. 
 The 56th New York and 26th Maine suffered badly. We took 
 many prisoners, and encamped close by the field, the first time for 
 four nights that we had had a chance to sleep much. The next 
 day we marched twenty-three miles, and carried our heavy loads, 
 though it was fearfully hot. We reached New Iberia at night, 
 and the roll was called. Only twenty-three of Co. F answered to 
 their names. The rest had fallen out one by one. 
 
156 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 '^'^ April 26. — I have been in the saddle nearly every day of late, 
 scouring the country in search of cotton, sugar, etc. We go where 
 we choose, and confiscate all the teams we can find, and make the 
 negroes hitch up and load with cotton and sugar, a great deal of 
 which we find hidden away in the swamps and woods ; but most 
 always we can find a negro who will tell us where it is. It is al- 
 most a reign of terror here. 
 
 " April 28. — Yesterday I was in the saddle all day, and found 
 a good deal of cotton. We could trade horses where we thought 
 we could better ourselves, though sometimes we got shaved. I 
 saw some of the finest horses in a lot as we were going by, and 
 I managed to catch one ; and, after putting on my saddle and 
 bridle, I turned my old one loose and mounted my new one, when, 
 lo ! he could not be made to move a peg, backward or forward. 
 So I had to take my traps ofif, and let him go, but succeeded in 
 getting a fairly good one. 
 
 ^^ May 5. — All but our four companies leave to-morrow morning 
 for Opelousas. We shall not leave till all the others are gone, as 
 we are on guard. 
 
 ^' Bras hear City, May i8. — We left New Iberia Wednesday, and 
 were the last troops that left this part of the country. We took a 
 large party of negroes with us. First came three companies, then 
 the darkies, then the other company as rear guard. Six of us 
 were detailed to ride from one to three miles in the rear, to watch 
 for stragglers and guerillas. We had good horses and a very 
 pleasant time ; could stop at the plantations, and get all we wanted 
 to eat. The people were willing to use us well for fear they 
 should do worse. 
 
 "On our arrival at Brashear City we were put on a steamer to 
 go up the Atchafalaya, to join our regiment at Barre's Landing. 
 Reaching there, we found that we were to march back to Brashear 
 City, to guard an immense crowd of contrabands. It was a long, 
 hot, hard march. We were to have eight days for the one hun- 
 dred and twenty-five miles. But circumstances compelled us to 
 do it in six days. 
 
 " Hospital, New Orleans, May 30. — They have brought me here 
 at last, as you will see by the date of this. We have seen pretty 
 hard service since I wrote last, and are pretty well used up. We 
 left Brashear City on the 18th for Barre's Landing, and since we 
 have landed find we are to march back immediately to Brashear 
 City, — one hundred and twenty-five miles, — to help guard a con- 
 
NEW IBERIA 157 
 
 traband train. We started Thursday noon, with orders to occupy 
 eight days on the march, but got back to Brashear City in six 
 days. It was fearfully hot and dusty. Some of the way we could 
 not see twenty feet ahead, the dust being like thick smoke. The 
 last fifty miles we made in twenty-eight hours. The colonel got 
 frightened on Monday afternoon, when we had got about six miles 
 below Franklin. We were all tired out, having marched twenty- 
 one miles, when the couriers came galloping down the road, with 
 the word that the rebels had attacked the rear guard, which was 
 some five miles back. There were two regiments in the rear of 
 the train. The train of contrabands was four or five miles on. 
 The colonel, fearing disaster in the rear, ordered the 52d and the 
 90th New York to 'right face, double quick march.' We had to 
 hurry on for five miles, and found the rebels had skedaddled 
 before we got there. So we had to march back to where we 
 started from." 
 
 (The corporal is mistaken in supposing that Col. Chickering 
 was needlessly alarmed at the approach of this force in the rear. 
 It turned out that there was a large force of the rebels in that 
 region, waiting for an opportunity to attack our force.) 
 
 "About twelve o'clock we reached the place we had started 
 from, hoping for a little rest, for we had already marched forty 
 miles ; but we did not get it. We halted, ate a little hard-tack, 
 and fell in again for the last ten miles that lay between us and 
 Brashear City. We arrived there about noon, making fifty miles 
 since the morning before. We encamped upon the ground, and 
 slept nearly twenty-four hours ; and, when I awoke, I found that I 
 was quite sick. One of my hips and knees refused to navigate. 
 I do not know what the trouble is, unless it is rheumatism. I 
 cannot walk, but am in good quarters in New Orleans, where I 
 have the best of care. There are about seven hundred at the 
 hospital, and the building is large enough for more." 
 
 T. N. Austin, Co. A, kept a voluminous journal of his daily ex- 
 perience. 
 
 He relates this characteristic experience. While at New Iberia, 
 a squad of darkies was brought in, and he addressed an intelligent- 
 looking colored woman, and asked, "Where do all you niggers 
 come from ? " She, bristling up, called out to the man in charge 
 of the squad, and said, " Sir, this soger calls me a nigger ! " 
 "Well," says Austin, "what are you, anyway .-' What should I 
 call you ? " "A free lady of color," she replied with great dignity. 
 
158 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 As she had been away from her master's house less than forty- 
 eight hours, Austin thought she was putting on airs. This New 
 England soul was much grieved to find that at New Iberia little 
 regard was paid to the Sunday, — horse-races and the like in the 
 afternoon, the priest taking a share in all the sports and deciding 
 all the contests. 
 
 While our men were at New Iberia, trouble occurred between 
 the negroes and whites at St. Martin, a village ten miles away. A 
 call was made upon our force at New Iberia for aid ; and Capt. 
 Stone, of Co. F, with a squad of thirty men, was sent to St. Martin 
 to secure peace. On their arrival they found the place in great 
 excitement. The negroes had armed themselves, and were threat- 
 ening the inhabitants with all manner of disasters. The citizens 
 had prepared to defend themselves, and a sharp skirmish had oc- 
 curred, in which the whites had the advantage, and secured ten of 
 the leaders in the trouble. These they took to the bridge over the 
 river, pinioned their arms and legs, placed a noose around the 
 neck of each one, and at a given signal strung them all up and left 
 them dangling in the air. In the night their friends came and 
 carried their bodies away. But the trouble was over. Capt. 
 Stone stayed till he saw there was to be no further need of his 
 services, and then took his squad back to New Iberia. 
 
XVI. 
 
 PORT HUDSON AND CLINTON. 
 [May 28 TO June 7, 1S63] 
 
 Col. Greenleaf's account: — 
 
 " On the twenty-eighth day of May, a.d. 1863, the 520! Massa- 
 chusetts was moved by rail from Brashear City on the Atchafalaya 
 to Algiers on the Mississippi, opposite New Orleans, eighty-six 
 miles distant, and on the 29th and 30th was transported by 
 steamer to Springfield Landing, thirteen miles from our division 
 headquarters, then before Port Hudson, and one hundred and 
 forty-five miles above New Orleans, and thence completed the 
 march to headquarters about midnight of the 30th, the stupid 
 guide who had been sent from the front to escort us back to the 
 second brigade having lost himself and led us several long, weary 
 miles out of our way. And let me say here, by way of commen- 
 tary on the hardships of our western Louisiana campaign, now 
 ended, that, if there are any modern six days' go-as-you-please walk- 
 ing champions, either in this country or in Europe, who, knowing 
 the facts, would prefer these terribly exhausting forced marches 
 through the Teche country and back, heretofore described, ending 
 with this last day and night march from Springfield Landing, made 
 under the same circumstances and conditions that we made them, 
 to a six days' contest on the sawdust, under the rules of the 
 'trampers" prize ring, I would be charitable enough to regard 
 them, one and all, as fit candidates for some well-regulated lunatic 
 asylum. And I am strong in the faith that any surviving member 
 of the regiment who made these marches would fully indorse the 
 sentiment. 
 
 " But we were joyfully received by our respected brigade com- 
 mander. Col. William K. Kimball, of the 12th Maine, at his head- 
 quarters in the woods before Port Hudson, and heartily welcomed 
 back to our former place in the line. 
 
 "The assault by Gen. Banks on the enemy's works, on the 27lh 
 of May, had been repulsed with considerable loss to the Union 
 army, in which, among many volunteer white troops, was a bri- 
 gade of colored soldiers commanded by Col. Nelson. On our 
 
l6o HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 march from the Landing to the front, on the 30th, we met many 
 hospital ambulance wagons, bringing the sick and wounded to the 
 rear. And from some of those whom we met we learned for the 
 first time of the wonderful fighting qualities displayed by these 
 negro troops during the said assault on the 27th of May. The 
 report was that 'they fought like very devils'; that they went 
 into the fight eight hundred strong ; that they made six or seven 
 splendid charges on the enemy's works, under a most murderous 
 fire, and at last, by almost superhuman efforts, succeeded in cross- 
 ing the wide ditch in front and scaling the abatis; that, once in- 
 side the fortifications, they proceeded forthwith to bayonet the 
 Confederate gunners, but, in their martial frenzy, soon threw away 
 their guns, seized their hated foes with their hands, and tore their 
 quivering flesh with their teeth ; but that they were finally over- 
 powered by greatly superior numbers, and compelled to retreat, 
 leaving six hundred out of eight hundred of their numbers dead 
 in the trenches. And it was painfully interesting to note the 
 effect which this. wonderful tale produced on different individuals. 
 One man, with complaisant look and self-satisfied air, would stand 
 a little more erect than usual, and say : ' I told you so. I always 
 knew the negro would make a far better soldier than the white 
 man." Another would smile incredulously as he heard the marvel- 
 lous story, as much as to say: 'Wait until you learn more of the 
 facts in the case before you decide. This tale smacks too much 
 of the Oriental, — sounds quite too mythological to be fully be- 
 lieved by any body.' While the third person would, perhaps, in- 
 dulge in a sneer at the very mention of a negro soldier, and 
 denounce the unofficial report as a base fabrication, designed to 
 mislead the public in the interest of stay-at-home politicians. At 
 the proper time and place, in the course of this narrative, we will 
 give the actual facts as to this report, derived from official sources. 
 
 " As I now recall the distance, I should say it was from one 
 thousand to twelve hundred yards from our new camp in the 
 woods to the strong, well-defended earth-works of the Confederate 
 Gen. Gardner in front, glimpses of which we would get from nu- 
 merous openings in the wood, or a full view of a long line of them 
 from many of the tree-tops or from the western edge of the 
 woods. 
 
 " Batteries of the 19th Army Corps were planted at different, 
 well-chosen points along our own front ; and between them and 
 those of the Confederate general in the invested town a regular 
 
PORT HUDSON AND CLINTON l6l 
 
 artillery duel was kept up night and day. Every few seconds, 
 either from one of our own batteries near by or from one of Gard- 
 ner's, one thousand yards or so away, or from both, we hear the 
 report of one gun or more, 'from morn till night, and from night 
 till dewy morn again.' Occasionally an ugly shell from some one 
 of the enemy's guns bursts over our heads where we lie encamped 
 in the wood, and the fragments thereof go meandering about 
 among the boys in blue, in a most careless, inconsiderate manner. 
 One large fragment of such a shell which 'brought up' at my own 
 feet about this time I deliberately seized and confiscated, and 
 now possess as my proud and only trophy of the war. 
 
 "And so the time wears on until the 7th of June, 1S63, when, in 
 consequence of an engagement a few miles to our rear, between a 
 body of our own cavalry, commanded by the dashing young Capt. 
 Perkins, and a considerable force of mounted rebels, said to have 
 been commanded by Gen. Mouton, in which engagement Capt. 
 Perkins was killed and his command put to route, a force of 
 seven thousand strong, — cavalry, artillery, and infantry, including 
 the 52d Massachusetts, — commanded by Gen. H. E. Paine, was 
 sent out to capture or disperse this troublesome brigade of 
 mounted 'gray-backs,' as they were sometimes called. 
 
 "About daylight on the morning of the 7th of June Gen. Paine 
 set out on his expedition with his valiant little army, to give battle 
 to the aforesaid 'gray-backs,' and pursued his way unmolested 
 over the most dusty of roads, under a broiling Southern summer 
 sun, with the thermometer among the nineties in the shade, with 
 most of the water to be had of worse quality than that of any frog- 
 pond to be found north of Mason and Dixon's Line, to the pleas- 
 ant country village of Clinton, twenty-five or thirty miles from 
 Port Hudson, where we rejoiced to learn that the enemy had 
 kindly and considerately concluded to disperse without fighting. 
 At any rate, we failed to 'gobble ' him or even to catch a glimpse 
 of the backsides of him. 
 
 "Then we countermarched back to our old camp in the woods, 
 under much the same conditions as to heat, dust, and water as 
 those under which we suffered so much in the march to Clinton. 
 Not a ' foot passenger ' in the whole command had a dry thread of 
 cloth about him on the march either way, so great was the heat 
 and so profuse the perspiration ; nor, indeed, could the more fortu- 
 nate 'mounted' braves of the command, either with or without 
 shoulder-straps, contrive any way to escape the scorching rays of a 
 
l62 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 June sun in Louisiana, to avoid the suffocating, ever-present dust, 
 or to improve the quality of the most impure, stagnant water. All 
 suffered alike in these respects; and the 52d Regiment in particu- 
 lar 'rejoiced and was exceeding glad' to return to the rest and 
 shade and shelter of the friendly wood before Port Hudson, as we 
 did on the afternoon of the 9th of June. 
 
 "On the whole, this march to Clinton and back was one of the 
 most exhausting to the soldier (as it was the last) of our campaign, 
 as hard to endure as some others heretofore described had been, 
 and was one which will be remembered, I venture to say, so long 
 as a single member of the regiment who was ' present ' on this 
 march shall survive. So long as the ears of the last survivor shall 
 be able to distinguish the martial notes of the fife and drum or 
 his eyes discern the glorious f^ag under which he then marched 
 through dust and smoke, and fire and flood, and battle shocks, to 
 victory at last, among his most vivid recollections will be that of 
 the march to Clinton." 
 
 Daniel W. Lyman in the Northampton Gazette, June 10 : — 
 
 "In thk Woods before Port Hudson. 
 "■The March to Clinton. — The regiment left here on Friday 
 morning about four o'clock, with six other regiments of infantry, 
 a regiment of cavalry, and twelve pieces pf artillery, under com- 
 mand of Gen. Paine. Owing to a poor guide, we marched sev- 
 eral miles in the wrong direction ; and, by the time we had got 
 fairly started on the right road, the sun had come out burning hot, 
 and the men were overcome by the terrible heat and dust. The 
 heat was so overpowering that the men could not march in the 
 middle of the day, and halted till six o'clock, when the order was 
 to 'fall in,' to march three miles; but we went eight, and did not 
 stop until after eleven at night. As soon as it was light we were 
 on the march, and kept on till noon, when we halted close by 
 Amete River, a clear running stream with a gravelly bottom, the 
 most like a New England brook we have seen in the State of 
 Louisiana. At midnight we were aroused again, and marched 
 some seven miles to within two miles of Plympton, where we 
 were halted for a short time till the destruction of the armory, 
 depot, and the government works were complete ; and, finding 
 that the rebels whom we had come out to attack had skedaddled, 
 we turned about, and marched back in the burning sun to the 
 camp ground of the previous day, at which place we rested till six 
 
PORT HUDSON AND CLINTON 1 63 
 
 P.M., when we marched agahi for over three hours. By daylight 
 the next morning we were again on our way, and did not stop 
 until we were nearly back to our old place. Thus ended a mem- 
 orable march from Port Hudson to Clinton and back, as bad, if 
 not worse, than any the 52d had made, owing to the excessive 
 heat. Hundreds were overcome by it." 
 
 Corp. Hosmer writes : — 
 
 " Of the episode to Clinton and back I do not mean to write 
 much, for you have had enough of hard marching. Let a few 
 words suffice. The force, consisting of regiments detached from 
 this and that brigade, with some artillery, a large body of cavalry, 
 left camp here in the forest about four o'clock in the morning. 
 How hot and dusty it grew ! We began by taking the wrong road, 
 which gave us an extra distance of five or six miles, and then we 
 went by the longest route. The first day at noon the heat became 
 perfectly intolerable. Several were nearly killed by its power, and 
 we were forced to halt till night. Thenceforth we marched for the 
 most part at night ; but the dust was excessive, the night short, and 
 the water often poor. At dawn we halted within two or three 
 miles of Clinton, to hear from the cavalry in the advance that the 
 foe had fled. Back we came, therefore, dragging wearily into our 
 old camp through all the dust and heat, tired in every bone, every 
 fibre, clothing soaked and resoaked with perspiration, having in 
 the course of four days gone some fifty or sixty miles." 
 
 June 20. — Word has come that Niles, of Co. I, has just died in 
 the hospital at Baton Rouge. He had a " bee in his bonnet," but 
 has furnished much fun for the regiment. He delighted in cutting 
 down the big trees near our camp ; and the crash of one falling to 
 the ground gave him great pleasure. There are not so many big 
 trees in Louisiana as there would have been if it had not been for 
 Niles. 
 
XVII. 
 
 BEFORE PORT HUDSON, AND THE ASSAULT OX THE 
 14TH OF JUNE. 
 
 Col. Greenleaf's account : — 
 
 "At night we often listen to the discordant shrieking of our 
 own shells, as they go plunging through the air in the direction of 
 the doomed town, and watch the effect of the explosion within 
 the beleaguered works. They are sounds and sights never to 
 be forgotten; better heard and seen than described, — at least, 
 by me. 
 
 " Artillery firing on our side still continues night and day, at 
 brief intervals. At times the very earth is made to quake and 
 tremble at the discharge of monster Dahlgren guns, a battery of 
 which has been brought from the sloop of war ' Richmond,' lying 
 in the river below, manned by her brave sailors, and planted not 
 far distant. 
 
 "Gen. Gardner now answers our fire less frequently than at 
 first; yet, if one of us 'Yanks' ventures into the open field in 
 front or to the edge of the wood even, he at once becomes a tar- 
 get for rebel sharpshooters five or six hundred yards away, and 
 their leaden slugs come humming and singing about our ears like 
 busy bees. If we show ourselves in any opening or clearing be- 
 tween the brown earth fortress and our camp, a dozen triggers are 
 pulled on us at once ; and it is no fault of the 'gray-back ' marks- 
 men if we escape unhurt. But all this is only a prelude — mere 
 boy's play — to the sanguinary work yet to come. Gen. Banks is 
 now making the necessary preparations for a grand assault upon 
 Gen. Gardner's formidable works. Three strong columns are to 
 be formed to storm the fortifications at as many different points, 
 one column to be commanded by Gen Augur, one by Gen. Weitzel, 
 and the other by Gen. Dwight. The second brigade is assigned a 
 place in the central column, commanded by Gen. Weitzel, a gradu- 
 ate of West Point, — a gentleman, withal, and every inch a soldier, 
 although, in form and size, he would well compare with the late 
 lamented General-in-chief, Winfield Scott. For several days 
 squads of men have been employed cutting fascines in the w'oods. 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE 1 4TH OF JUNE 1 65 
 
 and other squads preparing small bags of cotton, all to be used, 
 as such things are generally intended to be used, in storming the 
 parapets. Bridges across small streams or ravines, over which the 
 attacking force is to pass, are covered with layers of cotton, to 
 deaden the sound of artillery wheels and the tramp of men and 
 beasts as they pass over, and every man unfit for duty is sent to the 
 rear. 
 
 "The adjutant of the regiment (Lieut. Decker, formerly lieuten- 
 ant colonel of the Massachusetts loth), one of the most faithful 
 and efficient officers in the service, was one of this unfortunate 
 number. The colonel himself escorted him to the hospital, two or 
 three miles to the rear, and there left him in care of one of the 
 surgeons. 
 
 " On the 13th of June Gen. Banks issued his general order for 
 the grand assault to be made on the following day. Soon after it 
 was issued the commanders of companies were assembled to hear 
 the general order read, and to receive such special regimental 
 orders as the occasion required. Each commander was to see that 
 his men were furnished with water and rations for twenty-four 
 hours, and to caution them to be as cool and deliberate as possible 
 in any emergency that might arise ; not to shoot at random nor 
 too high, but to reserve their fire until they could do some execu- 
 tion with their guns ; not to skulk nor seek to dodge bullets that 
 would come whistling about them, but to stand by their colors and 
 face whatever dangers might confront them, like brave, loyal men. 
 The colonel little knew at this time how welcome to all, himself 
 included, would be the stumps and trunks of trees and rifle-pits 
 on the field of battle before high twelve another day ! With that 
 day's duties done, and with most keen anticipations of still more 
 arduous duties on the morrow, the command sought rest and sleep 
 at an early hour. A short time before midnight Capt. Long, of 
 the color company, came groping his way through the wood to 
 regimental headquarters, having left the hospital in the rear (where 
 he had been confined some days) against the earnest protest of 
 the surgeon, in order, as he said, that he might be with his com- 
 pany to share its fortunes in the hour of its greatest peril. He 
 spread his rubber blanket on the ground beside the colonel, and 
 lay down for an hour's rest, — if possible, to sleep. Kind, good, 
 brave friend and soldier, he survived the war; but now, alas ! 
 
 "'The lightnings may flash, and the loud thunders rattle, 
 No sound shall awake him to glory again ! ' " 
 
l66 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 " Soon after midnight a warm breal^fast was served by the 
 cooks, and soon after breakfast the regiment was in line, awaiting 
 orders to move ; and we had not long to wait. 
 
 "A few minutes later we were slowly winding our way out of 
 the forest by the right flank, but hailing every now and then, to 
 accommodate the column in front and rear. Sometimes we halt 
 a few minutes in front of artillery or cavalry camps, about which 
 breakfast fires had been built, the reflected light from which, on 
 man and beast and wagon-wheels and trees, and polished brass 
 and steel of many guns, contrasted w^ith the darkness and gloom 
 of the night and wood, reveals a sight well calculated to inspire 
 the brush of an Angelo or the pen of a Byron ; and then again we 
 halt in places dark, of which a Milton only could truly sing. Many 
 a soldier on that memorable night must have wished himself both 
 painter and poet, that he miglit put upon canvas in enduring 
 colors or upon paper in enduring ink what he then saw and felt. 
 We were on the eve of a great battle. No soldier could tell what 
 might befall him ere another sun should rise and set. We were 
 anxious, fearful, hopeful, yet firmly resolved upon our duty. 
 
 "At daylight we emerge from the forest, and enter a deep 
 ravine through which a military road has been cut, on both sides 
 of which are high banks that command a full view of the Confeder- 
 ate ramparts to be stormed by our column ; and, as we wind into 
 this road, we plainly see them four or five hundred yards away, 
 although the crest of the whole line is shrouded in the smoke of 
 fire-arms incessantly discharged therefrom. The column makes a 
 brief halt in this ravine. Bullets now come flying over our heads 
 thick and fast, making harsh, discordant music for our ears, fairly 
 setting our teeth on edge ; and a tremendous cannonade opens all 
 along our semicircular line of batteries, eight or ten miles in ex- 
 tent, and is answered with great energy and spirit by the enemy's 
 shorter, irregular line confronting us. It is one continuous roar 
 of artillery along the two opposing lines, mingled with the inces- 
 sant rattle of musketry from the rebel ramparts, and the heavy, 
 malignant shrieking of murderous shells from both sides as they 
 come and go, tearing through the air, and the familiar 'thud' and 
 'crash' as they strike on either side. One man in Co. C is killed 
 by a rifle-ball, notwithstanding we are so well protected by the 
 high banks of the ravine. It is a scene calculated to try the 
 strongest nerves, to test the most chivalric courage. 
 
 "At this moment our brigade commander came in person to 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE I4TH OF JUNE 167 
 
 the regimental commander to communicate to him an order that 
 minute received from Gen. Weitzel for the 52d Regiment to be 
 temporaril}' detached from the brigade, and, as an independent 
 command, to act as ' flankers ' for the right of his assaulting col- 
 umn. Whereupon the two commanders ascended together the 
 steep bank on the right, to survey the field lying between the two 
 contending armies. A few moments were sufficient for this sur- 
 vey ; and a minute later the regiment was filing out of the column 
 by the left flank, up the precipitous bank on the right, and on to 
 the open field above. The regiment moved a little more than its 
 length on this high exposed ground, when it was halted. While 
 marching at the head of his column this short distance, the colonel 
 was eagerly taking in the situation, and forming his plan of 
 operations. We were now in line at about right angles with the 
 head of the main column in the ravine, facing the enemy and fully 
 exposed to his murderous fire. The whole plateau is commanded 
 by his well-trained batteries, and swept by a constant shower of 
 rifie-balls. It is really like unto a leaden hail. The surface of 
 the ground between us and the Confederate lines is quite irregular 
 and uneven, and much of it covered with stumps and logs and 
 brambles and tops of fallen trees interlacing each other. Over 
 this undulating ground and these numerous obstructions and 
 under this venomous fire, we must make our way to the front 
 as best we can and in the best order we can. We must discover 
 and dislodge, or report to Gen. Weitzel, any foe lying in ambush 
 between us and the intrenchments and we must act promptly. 
 No time is to be lost. 
 
 " If we would avoid great loss of life and limb, we must gain 
 our position under the fortifications in the quickest time possible, 
 we must make a dash for the front while those hosts of 'gray- 
 backs ' yonder are dividing their attentions between the assaulting 
 column, now moving, and our much less formidable line. 
 
 "The moment the regiment was halted and had faced the ram- 
 parts, whence came such showers of shot and shell, the order was 
 given for the five companies on the left (now the right) to deploy 
 in skirmish line, and push to the front with all possible haste, 
 Lieut. Col. Storrs to command the right of the line and Major 
 Winn the left. 
 
 "The order was obeyed as promptly as given. The gallant 
 command dashed forward in the best order the innumerable 
 obstacles would permit, and had soon deployed so as to cover a 
 
l6S HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 front of about a quarter of a mile. In the mean time the five re- 
 maining companies are held in reserve, and permitted to seek 
 such shelter as stumps and fallen trees and the ravine near by 
 afforded. 
 
 " On, on, presses our line of brave boys in blue, in spite of every 
 obstacle ! The fire to which they are exposed grows hotter still 
 as they advance; and they avail themselves of such protection as 
 a tangled ravine and the scattering logs, bushes, and stumps 
 offer. 
 
 " As the skirmish line advances, the reserves are ordered up. 
 Capt. Bliss, of Co. G, an efficient, promising young officer, is car- 
 ried off the field, mortally wounded. Lieut. Rice, of Co. B, an 
 equally meritorious officer, is severely wounded. One soldier of 
 the reserves is struck in the hand, and another in the leg ; and our 
 rank and file are killed and wounded along our long skirmish line, 
 in uncertain numbers. We wonder how those brave lads, in that 
 long, irregular line, can live at all in such a 'leaden rain,' under 
 such a deadly fire. The roar of cannon, the plunging, shrieking, 
 and bursting of shells, and the discharge of small arms are continu- 
 ous on both sides. Soon we observe that the assaulting column 
 is checked in its advance, apparently with heavy loss ; but our 
 gallant skirmishers, under the immediate direction of the lieutenant 
 colonel and major, still press forward. They soon gain position 
 within pistol range of the entire line of fortifications, covering a 
 front of one-fourth to one-third of a mile ; and, as the main column 
 does not advance, they now halt, dig rifle-pits, roll up logs, utilize 
 stumps, pile up brush, and otherwise protect themselves as best 
 they can from further loss. And from this poorly sheltered, ad- 
 vanced position 'the boys' soon silenced the enemy's artillery in 
 their front. If a rebel sharpshooter shows his head above the 
 ramparts now, he does so at his peril. But it is now apparent that 
 the grand assault has been repulsed. Artillery firing mainly ceases. 
 Only sharp-shooters on both sides seem to be busily engaged ; 
 but they evidently have business enough on hand, particularly 
 in our own neighborhood. About this time our most anxious, 
 perambulating colonel is made aware of the fact that he in partic- 
 ular has become an object of considerable interest, — a sort of 
 revolving, moving target for several Confederate gentlemen of that 
 obnoxious persuasion ; and, as there appears to be no further 
 need of personal exposure on his part just now, he promptly seeks 
 out a good-sized stump, on high, commanding ground, extempor- 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE 14TH OF JUNE 169 
 
 izes it into regimental headquarters, and occupies them in person 
 without formal ceremony. 
 
 "The bullets come 'thud, thud, thud,' into the tough old stump, 
 and continue to 'zip' and whistle about these new and novel yet 
 strictly 'military' headquarters, until the sun is well down in the 
 west. We cannot yet move to bring off our wounded or to bury 
 our dead. The reserves are mostly under cover a short distance 
 to the rear; and thus we remain on the battle-field until the fol- 
 lowing morning. As was necessary, we went into the fight in 
 light marching order, and have unavoidably suffered much from 
 want of our blankets during the damp, chilly night. 
 
 "Early the following morning the assistant adjutant-general of 
 the brigade came upon the field, dodging from stump to stump, 
 and stooping and running from one fallen tree-trunk to another, 
 to escape the bullets of some scores of rebel marksmen, in quest 
 of regimental headquarters, for which he had orders from the 
 brigade commander. The colonel saw the assistant adjutant-gen- 
 eral approaching, and could but audibly smile to see him ma- 
 noeuvre under fire, but, wishing to save him from further annoy- 
 ance or erxposure, stepped briskly back some distance to meet 
 him. The orders proved to be congratulatory to the regiment, but 
 required us to hold the position we had gained under the breast- 
 works, at all hazards, until further orders, and to remove head- 
 quarters to the rear, where communication could be had with them 
 without so much risk of life and limb. 
 
 " The congratulatory part of the orders was duly appreciated 
 and acknowledged, the importance of other parts fully recognized, 
 and the part requiring a ' change of base ' for the regimental com- 
 mander obeyed at once without protest. The colonel did not 
 deem it necessary to return to take formal leave of his tempo- 
 rary camp behind. the stump, but continued his reverse move- 
 ment to the edge, or brow, of the plateau, where, in plain view and 
 within range of the parapets, he noticed two large tree-trunks 
 lying one upon the other, which together were about breast-high, 
 which evidently would be equal to stopping rebel bullets, and 
 which furthermore could be safely approached from the low lands 
 to the rear. Behind these two accommodating tree-trunks, he 
 forthwith established his new headquarters, and caused a ' shelter 
 tent' to be erected over them to keep off the hot rays of the June 
 sun. 
 
 " From this point communications could be had with our cooks 
 
lyo HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 (most welcome visitors about this time), with our hospitals, both 
 in the woods and one some miles to the rear, and also, after dark, 
 with our brave lads at the front. But so exposed is the position of 
 the latter, so near the fortifications are they, and so exposed also 
 the only route to them, that we can only send them rations or 
 relieve them, or bring out their sick and wounded or bury their 
 dead, under cover of the night. 
 
 "We now learn that our skirmish line gained its position in 
 front with small loss, considering the terrible fire to which it was 
 exposed, but that all three of the grand assaulting columns had 
 been repulsed with heavy loss, — with a loss, according to reports, 
 of about fifteen hundred killed and wounded ; that the assault, on 
 the whole, had amounted to but little ; that early in the day many 
 soldiers were severely wounded, and fell in such exposed places 
 that they could not be brought off the field until night ; and that 
 among this unfortunate number was the courteous and gallant 
 Gen. Paine, who commanded the late expedition to Clinton. As 
 soon as it was fairly dark the night of the 15th, the 'reserves' still 
 on the field were ordered off, back into the woods near by, and 
 preparations made to take rations and blankets to the boys in 
 front; and the following night the reserves went to the front, and 
 relieved those on duty there, with the exception of Co. F, Capt. 
 Stone preferring to remain in the trenches, manfully, heroically 
 performing his duty to the end. 
 
 " Every two or three nights those on duty in the rifle-pits were 
 relieved by those off duty in the rear; and so the exhausting, 
 perilous work went on from the 14th of June to the 8th of July, — 
 three weeks and over. 
 
 "We have nearly silenced Gardner's batteries along our line, 
 one fourth of a mile long, from the first day; but his well-educated 
 sharpshooters still continue a careless, lively host. If one of our 
 boys ventures to show his head anywhere along this line during 
 daylight, a well-aimed bullet is almost certain to go crashing 
 through his brain on the instant. And it is the same with those 
 hungry-looking 'butternut' fellows inside. If one of them shows 
 himself or his head above the ramparts, it is generally the last 
 time he does it : a ball from a Springfield musket is almost certain 
 to make sad havoc with him before he can change position. Keen 
 eyes are looking along many a rifle-barrel thrust between sand- 
 bags, on the one side, and through loop-holes, on the other, with 
 trained fingers on the trigger ready to send death messengers on 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE I4TH OF JUNE 171 
 
 their quick errands at every opportunity ; and the exchange of 
 shots is frequent along the whole line. Our artillery still con- 
 tinues to play on Gardner's works at irregular intervals night and 
 day; and we consequently still continue to hear the familiar sound 
 of Parrott shells as they rush, comet-like, from our lines, and strike 
 and explode within his. 
 
 " But, as we failed to carry Port Hudson by assault, Gen. 
 Banks now determines to reduce the place by regular siege 
 operations, — by the slow process of sapping and mining, — follow- 
 ing the example of Grant at Vicksburg. Zigzag saps, or deep 
 trenches, were accordingly started by our engineers from secure 
 points several hundred yards away from the stronghold, and 
 pushed day and night with great vigor in the direction thereof. 
 
 "Negro soldiers, especially, were employed on this important 
 work ; and I can bear testimony to the fact that in this they ren- 
 dered splendid service. 
 
 " About this time we began to receive newspapers from the 
 North ; and among them I remember particularly the New York 
 Herald, containing, among other articles of interest, detailed ac- 
 counts of the alleged wonderful performances of these same negro 
 soldiers during the assault made on the 27th of May, which 
 amounted to much the same story we had heard on the march 
 from Springfield Landing, previously mentioned. We resolve that 
 we will ascertain the facts as to this matter ; but the time is not 
 yet : we must first push this siege to a successful issue." 
 
 Baton Rouge, June S, 1S63. 
 
 My dear Wife, — I am again at the old place. I came from 
 New Orleans on Friday. When I reached here, I heard that the 
 52d had been ordered from Port Hudson to Clinton. There is no 
 use to go on to Port Hudson, for the 52d is not there. So I stop 
 here, and spend the two days in visiting the multitudes at the 
 hospitals. I shall go on this morning as far as Springfield Land- 
 ing, four or five miles this side of Port Hudson. Things are evi- 
 dently approaching a crisis. Our forces have been planting big 
 guns, and are ready to open with them. It is to be a regular 
 siege, and I hope not a long one. I have slept here on the piazza 
 of Lieut. Stearns's house ; and the whole house shakes with the 
 tremendous firing at Port Hudson, twenty miles away. I cannot 
 but believe that Port Hudson will be ours in a few days, and then 
 
172 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 probably we shall be pushed on up to Vicksburg ; but it is of no 
 use to speculate. I saw crowds of wounded men yesterday 
 brought down from the assault at Port Hudson. 
 
 Full of hope, I am yours, 
 
 June 9. 
 
 My dear Wife, — We are in the midst of busy and exciting 
 scenes. I am here at Springfield Landing, sixteen miles above 
 Baton Rouge. The underbrush has been cleared away, tents 
 pitched, and it looks like an extensive picnic-ground, — a forest of 
 trees on every side, by the bank of the river. It is the base of 
 operations upon Port Hudson. Here stores are brought, here the 
 sick and wounded are put on board steamers, and carried below 
 to Baton Rouge and New Orleans. I have had a cordial greeting 
 here from a lot of 52d boys who are in the hospital. I hear all 
 manner of stories about a big fight at Port Hudson on the 27th 
 ult. Our men made an assault, and were repulsed with a terrible 
 loss. Hosmer is here, doing grand service as nurse to a multitude 
 of men. Some of our regiments went quite near the breast-works. 
 Our men have been busy planting heavy siege guns, and it is said 
 to-day is the time to open with them. If so, we shall have lively 
 times. The chances are now that we are to have a terrible battle 
 in a few days. I hope it will be confined to the artillery, and that 
 no assault will be made. You may judge that I am well, better by 
 far than before I went to New Orleans. I am full of hope, and 
 yet not without anxiety. Unless the signs fail, there is to be a 
 bloody battle — one of the decisive battles of the war — fought 
 within twenty-four hours of this time. So far as I can judge, the 
 preparations are made ; and to-morrow the attempt will be made 
 for the third time to get possession of this stronghold o,f the 
 rebellion. 
 
 To my wife : — 
 
 In Front of Port Hudson. 
 
 I left Springfield Landing on the 9th, with a mail in an army 
 wagon drawn by four mules. We had to make a detour twelve or 
 fourteen miles, in order to get on the other side of Port Hudson. 
 We hear the booming of cannon on our left all the way. We 
 pass ten rebel outworks which we had carried at the fight the 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE 14TH OF JUNE 1 73 
 
 week before last. I reached here in the afternoon, and had a 
 cordial greeting from the boys. I found I had good reason to 
 bless the men who invented diarrhoea, as Sancho Panza had to 
 bless the man who invented sleep. First, it saved me the long 
 tramp from Barre's Landing to Brashear City; and, second, it 
 saved me the hard tramp from here to Clinton, the hardest march 
 the 52d have had, as we have said of all previous marches. It 
 used up the boys fearfully. On the staff Dr. Richardson was the 
 only one to report present. The men had long stories to tell me 
 of their perils before they went to Clinton. They devoted their 
 nights to dodging shells w-hich the rebels threw at them. On their 
 return from Clinton they encamped on the rear of their old 
 ground, a little more out of the way of the rebel guns. Still a 
 preference was always given for the north side of a tree for a lodg- 
 ing-place. A good tree was assigned to me, as likely to break the 
 force of a shell as anything that could be found. My couch was 
 made there, which consisted in spreading my poncho on the 
 ground, and putting a mail-bag under my head for a pillow. Did 
 I sleep ? Not very well. How could I ? Boom ! would go the 
 big siege guns off to the east. That would startle me in spite of 
 myself. Boom ! boom ! would go their guns in different parts of 
 the line. I could look up through the trees, and see a few stars 
 looking quietly down upon me. They would let me sleep, but the 
 villanous gunpowder the rebs were burning would not. Early in 
 the morning Capt. Long's darky, Frank, came to ask me to go with 
 him and see the captain. We found him at brigade headquarters, 
 not a very elaborate edifice, but a yard with a brush fence around 
 it. The captain was on the ground, not very sick. He wanted I 
 should take care of Frank for a while. I agreed to use him as 
 cook. My darky, Sam Howard, enlisted at Brashear City, so I 
 have lost him. After breakfast I went with the colonel to the 
 front to see the rebel works, and see our preparations to shell 
 them out. The works on both sides are very formidable. I did 
 little more than take a glimpse, as I did not want to offer myself 
 as a useless mark for the sharpshooters. My classmate Rodman 
 the lieutenant colonel of the 38th Massachusetts, was killed by a 
 sharpshooter at this very spot a few days ago. The ground about 
 here is heavily wooded, and very much broken by ravines. The 
 woods are full of rifle-pits, fallen trees, etc., which the rebels had 
 prepared as places of concealment from which their sharpshooters 
 could pop off our men. 
 
174 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Saturday Evening, June 13. 
 
 The decisive hour draws near, the cannonading grows more 
 severe hourly, and the fearful struggle will take place between now 
 and to-morrow at this time. When you go quietly to church to- 
 morrow morning, we shall be — It is fearful to contemplate. I 
 mean to keep calm, but I cannot write. I hope and pray the 52d 
 will do their share, and that we may be successful. Heaven grant 
 it may be with little loss of life ! 
 
 Hopefully, but anxiously. 
 
 To my wife : — 
 
 An assault is to be made Sunday morning. Before dark we 
 were ordered into line. Each captain makes a little speech to his 
 men. In view of the immediate result, I quote that of Capt. Bliss 
 to his men: "To-morrow you will be ordered into battle. Let 
 every man do his duty. There must be no skulkers. A dead 
 brave man is better than a living coward." At midnight the cooks 
 came with coffee and food ; and soon after came the order to 
 move. I stood around till they were all gone, then lay down 
 under a tree, and was soon asleep. The rapid and heavy firing at 
 daylight aroused me, and I started to find Dr. Richardson, With 
 him I was to spend the time. He had been ordered to the ex- 
 treme right. With difficulty I found him, in a little oven just by 
 one of our heavy batteries, the bullets falling over us, though we 
 were partially protected by the top of the cave where he was to 
 stop ; but the stench from some half-buried men killed in the pre- 
 vious assauk was almost intolerable. Nothing was provided for 
 the doctor's use. He thought there must be some mistake about 
 his being ordered there. I offered to look up the medical director, 
 and ascertain where he was expected to be. The battle then was 
 at its utmost fury. Several batteries were pouring in large shot 
 and shell, and the musketry kept up an unceasing rattle. We 
 were confident all was going well. Presently I found my horse, 
 and dashed along, the bullets flying threateningly about me. I 
 found the medical director, and learned that Dr. Richardson was 
 where he was expected to be, and where he stayed till Thursday 
 night, v\ith nothing whatever to do ; but it made him sick. I won- 
 der it did not kill him. I returned with my report to the doctor; 
 and, as no wounded men were brought that way, I was persuaded 
 that they must be carried out the other way. So, mounting Dolly, 
 
THE ASSAULT ON THE I4TH OF JUNE 175 
 
 I rode to the centre, with bullets flying every moment. Leaving 
 Dolly in a safe place, I entered the first hospital, which was simply 
 a large enclosure, cleared of underbrush, in the woods. They 
 were bringing in the wounded very rapidly. On the operator's 
 table I recognized Fred Sanderson, of Petersham, under the in- 
 fluence of chloroform, losing an arm. I saw at once that it was 
 Emory's division hospital I soon found Grover's, — another large 
 enclosure in the woods. Capt. Bliss was soon brought in, mortally 
 wounded. Presently Sergt. Belden, Co. D, was brought in, — a 
 severe flesh wound in the hip. The eight doctors were all busy 
 at the four operating tables : both of our surgeons were away, — 
 Dr. Sawyer sick in the hospital. So I got water and bandages, and 
 dressed Belden's wound as well as I could. In a pause I looked 
 at my watch, thinking it must be almost noon, and found it was 
 but half-past seven. I worked on for hours, and saw more hor- 
 rible sights than ever before ; then, strange as it may seem, went 
 to the cooks' tents in the rear, and got a dinner of fried fat pork ; 
 then back to bathe and dress wounds till night ; and then back 
 to my camp at sundown, and lay down under a tree, and slept 
 soundly till morning. The next day I was very tired, completely 
 prostrated. Men continued to be brought in wounded every little 
 while. Among others, Bennett, Co. K, whom you will remember. 
 In the mean time the siege goes on. Our regiment has been close 
 up at front, where the battle was fought on Sunday, and remained 
 there till Friday night, where they are concealed by logs and 
 stumps, unable to raise their heads without having rebel bullets 
 hurled at them. They suffer fearfully from the heat, to which 
 they are exposed by day, and to the cold by night. If a rebel head 
 appears above the parapet, the boys try to hit it. Pat Conoly 
 fired from behind a bush in that way, and, in his eagerness to see 
 what the result had been, popped up for an instant, and thus ex- 
 posed his head, and in another instant was struck dead. 
 
 Assistant Adjt.-Gen. Irwin, in his History of the 19th Army 
 Corps, makes this report of the assault on the 14th of June: — 
 
 " The result of the day may be summed up as a bloody repulse. 
 Beholding the death and maiming of so many of the bravest and 
 best of the officers and men, the repulse may be even deemed a 
 disaster. In the whole service of the 19th Army Corps darkness 
 never shut in upon a gloomier field. Men went about their work 
 in a silence stronger than words. ■ On this day 21 officers and 
 182 men were killed, 72 officers and 1,245 '^s'"' were wounded,. 6 
 
176 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 officers and i8o men missing: besides these 13 were reported as 
 killed, 84 as wounded, and 2 missing, without distinguishing be- 
 tween officers and men, thus making a total of 216 killed, 1,401 
 wounded, 18S missing, — in all 1,805. Among the wounded, many 
 received mortal hurts ; while, of the missing, many must be set 
 down as killed." 
 
XVIII. 
 
 PORT HUDSON. 
 
 [June iS to July 9, 1S63.] 
 
 To Mrs. Moors, June 18 : — 
 
 Thursday P.M. — There is a cessation of firing for a while, and 
 a truce in order to bury the dead. The rebels have brought in one 
 hundred and forty dead bodies for us to bury. Co. D buried one 
 hundred and fourteen. 
 
 Sunday fuorning. — In three weeks we ought to be at home ; but 
 there are very few signs of going. I do not see how we can be 
 spared. Banks is in a very tight place, — an unconquered fort in 
 front and a large rebel force, we hear, in his rear; communications 
 with New Orleans cut off ; the army largely disquieted, as many 
 feel that their time of service is out. I am living pretty well, con- 
 sidering. I get good pickles and dried apples, and they help the 
 hard-tack wonderfully. I find that I am growing very poor, and a 
 chair would be as much of a luxury as anything. No chair, table, 
 or bed do we have. I was going to tell you what kept me busy a 
 portion of each day, but, on the whole, conclude to keep that till 
 I get home, to tell you privately. Have I told you that Capt. 
 Long left the hospital the night before the assault, in order that 
 he might lead his men ? He has been with his company ever 
 since. I am ragged now beyond all power of imagination. The 
 only consolation is that I am even less so than most. As long as 
 the skirt of my coat holds on, I can cover a portion of my rags. 
 So long as I am well, I shall be in good cheer and hope. We 
 have had six men killed within a few days, and a great many 
 wounded. Our recent losses are these killed : Gould, Co. C ; Noah 
 Baker, Co. E; Daniel Lyman, Co. K; Pat Conoly, Co. B; James 
 Foster, Co. F. Wounded : Capt. Bliss, mortally ; Whitcomb, H. 
 Wells, Co. A ; Lieut. Rice, Call, Co. B ; J. Bailey, Co. C ; Belden, 
 Smith, Co. D; Brayman, Co. E, mortally; Davis, Co. E; Miller, 
 Co. G ; Cook, Co. H ; Bennett, Co. K, mortally. The wonder is 
 why that assault was made on Sunday. No one can tell why. 
 We only know that we were marched up to the rebel breastworks. 
 
1 78 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIINIENT 
 
 on Sunday, and were driven back with fearful slaughter. What 
 an excitement we have had! What horrors! I shall not attempt 
 to write them ; and, when I get home, I shall not attempt to tell 
 them. The 5 2d behaved splendidly, and that they did not suffer 
 more is a mystery to us all. 
 
 Pat Conoly was made very happy by his two letters, which he 
 received on Saturday, and went through the assault on Sunday all 
 right, but on Monday fired once too much. The place was ob- 
 served by the rebels, and a ball struck him in the head and killed 
 him instantly. He was buried where he fell. A warm-hearted, 
 kindly, affectionate fellow, without a friend in the world. I am 
 sorry to lose him. Capt. Bliss was shot through the lungs on Sun- 
 day. I stayed in the field hospital just in the rear of our army all 
 day, and helped take care of the poor fellows. I dressed the 
 wounds, and saw more awful sights than I ever dreanied of before. 
 So far as we can judge, nothing was accomplished, — only the loss 
 of more than one thousand men, killed and wounded, and a sad 
 discouragement to the living. Our prospect of success now is very 
 small. Yet another attempt of desperation will be made in a day 
 or two. The 52d are in an exposed position. They are hid in 
 ravines and behind logs and stumps close up under the enemy's 
 breastworks, where they cannot get out by day, nor even show 
 their heads nor walk a step in an upright position. I want you to 
 know that I am quite well, eat well, sleep well, notwithstanding 
 the horrors around me. This defeat will delay our return home. 
 I fear we shall not see the inside of Port Hudson this summer- 
 Capt. Bliss died at eight o'clock last evening, — a handsome, prom, 
 ising fellow and a first-rate soldier. I hear that Mason Moody 
 has been sent down the river, worn out and needing rest. He is 
 one of the victims of the Clinton march. In the evening the firing 
 of the big guns becomes faster and more furious, so much so as 
 to attract our attention ; for we know not much about it ordi- 
 narily. If I should be asked this moment if the firing had been 
 continued this afternoon, I should reply, " I really do not know : I 
 have not observed," — so careless do we get about such things. 
 When we get up in the morning, we ask some one how the firing 
 has been through the night, and more likely than not he cannot 
 tell anything about it. Assaults have failed. So a regular siege 
 is now in order. Seven hundred heavy guns are said to be in 
 position to bear on Port Hudson. About one o'clock this morn- 
 ing the sound of heavy guns was so great that they could not be 
 
PORT HUDSON 1 79 
 
 distinguished. It was a continuous roar. Then the small arms 
 began to mingle. About two o'clock it was fearful and grand. 
 Our regiment was quite up, and stood in line of battle ; but after 
 a while an order came to lie down where we were. The firing 
 slackened, and a thunder shower took its place. I returned to my 
 tree ; and, as I listened to the grand majestic roll of the thunder, 
 I confess I liked it better than the artillery. I dropped asleep, 
 and was awakened by the rain falling on my face. I could only 
 draw my poncho about me, and sit up and take it. Yesterday was 
 a dreary day, wet and drizzling, with frequent showers. I took a 
 mail to Gen. Grover's headquarters, and got lost on my way back. 
 I had a long but pleasant walk through the woods. I was care- 
 ful to keep out of range of the rebel muskets. Our big guns 
 boomed away all day. The mystery with us is why the rebels do 
 not lire their big guns. All manner of explanations suggest them- 
 selves. They are out of powder, they are out of percussion caps, 
 they are coaxing us to another assault, are among the solutions. 
 It turns out at last that we have silenced all their big guns. The 
 siege goes on. Nothing to mark any changes. Our regiment is 
 quite up in front, so that our siege guns in the rear are fired over 
 our heads. Yesterday one of our shells fell short of the mark, 
 and dropped among Co. K men, and mortally wounded Sergt. 
 Bennett. Some of us officers crawled in behind a log and lay 
 there, while the rebels, evidently knowing that we were there, 
 though none of our heads came above the log, peppered the other 
 side of the log quite briskly. We lay there a long time. What 
 do you think we busied ourselves about ? Well, we were discuss- 
 ing what minor poems in the English language had the most 
 merit, and, on the whole, were our favorites. Gray's " Elegy," 
 Bryant's "Thanatopsis," Wordsworth's "Ode to Immortality," 
 Poe's " Raven," Goldsmith's " Deserted Village," among others, 
 were considered. 
 
 I am still here in the rear; for here are our hospital stores and 
 the doctor's quarters, and here are the sick and used up men. 
 Some twenty are lying upon the ground, stretched upon their 
 rubber blankets, with their knapsacks under them. The first 
 thing every morning for me is to go and roll those twenty men 
 over, readjust the knapsacks under their heads, get a little gruel, 
 if I can, for them ; and the operation has to be repeated two or 
 three times a day. Of course, I have to get down to them on their 
 blankets to roll them over. If I have secured some inhabitants 
 
l8o HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 of those blankets, it is not strange; but the first thing after this 
 service is to examine my apparel, and get rid of the superfluous 
 inhabitants. 
 
 My mind goes back often to that fearful assault on Sunday. It 
 was on as rough a piece of ground as can be imagined. It is 
 naturally very uneven, cut by deep ravines. A year ago it was 
 well wooded, but the trees were cut down, and so felled as to 
 obstruct the approach of an assaulting army. These trees make 
 a perfect jungle, through which it is almost impossible to make 
 one's way ; and through this tangle of brush, logs, and vines, the 
 assault was made. The repulse was most entire and complete. 
 A few regiments reached the foot of the entrenchments, and a few 
 ascended the embankment. I was too busy myself in the work of 
 the hospital to see much of the fighting. 
 
 Life is monotonous enough here. It is like living in a perpetual 
 thunder-storm. Cannon and mortars are booming away by day 
 and by night. We do not notice the racket very much. The 
 rebels are cracking at us with rifles ; and, when a hat with a head 
 in it is seen above the stumps and logs, it is sure to be hit. Our 
 people are now sapping with all their might; that is, digging a 
 protective wall parallel with the rebel works. They push forward 
 cotton bales, and work behind them, and place fascines and hogs- 
 heads filled with cotton on the side next the rebels I was in- 
 there yesterday, where the men were at work within fifteen yards 
 of the rebel fortifications. Our men throw hard-tack over to the 
 rebels for fun ; and they throw back cartridges, to which they 
 attach burning saltpetre paper, evidently with the intention to set 
 our cotton on fire. They succeeded the other day, and we hastened 
 to throw some bomb-shells as a return for the compliment. Yes- 
 terday I crawled behind some logs with commendable haste, show- 
 ing both humility and agility. I do not come up to the entrench- 
 ments very often. I do not like it. I am not yet enough of a 
 soldier to hear the whistling of bullets without cringing. I spend 
 most of my time here in the woods, taking care of the sick men 
 two or three times a day. Ball and I devote quite a good deal of 
 time just now to cooking. Last night we had a regular buttered 
 toast, the first we have ventured on. It was the first happy con- 
 junction of bread and butter in our larder. It was a triumphant 
 success. We invited in W^hitney and Hosmer. A log served for 
 seats, but Hosmer sat upon a box ; and, as he grew weighty with 
 the toast, he broke through. So we eat, laugh, and sleep, others 
 
PORT HUDSON l8l 
 
 swear and play cards ; while horror and death are all about us. 
 Something must be done speedily. The time of service of several 
 of the regiments is about expiring. We have a tough job before 
 us before we can go home. To lie in the hot sun is hard enough, 
 but everything makes us miserable. The last week has been 
 monotonous beyond any of its predecessors. We notice the can- 
 nonnading as little as you would the shingling of a barn on Frank- 
 lin Street, except sometimes at night it becomes sublime as a 
 thunder-storm, — the night before last, for instance, when for two 
 hours an uninterrupted fire of shot and shell were poured into the 
 fort. The work of besieging' still goes on: slow and wearisome 
 work it is. 
 
 I judge from your letters that you are trying some experiments 
 in natural history. Well, I am busy investigating in the same 
 department. You begin your work earlier in the day than I do, 
 and make more of a backaching job of it. My method is to sit 
 upon a log when the more sober business of the day is completed, 
 and limit my investigations to the two articles that compose my 
 apparel ; namely, my shirt and trousers. A hat and boots are re- 
 served for dress occasions, — such as going to headquarters, for 
 instance. Graybacks and black legs are the species to which I 
 specially devote myself. Why have the vermin, do you ask ? 
 Well, you are a tolerably neat woman : why do you have flies in 
 your house ? 
 
 You may judge that I am well. I am better by far than before 
 I went to New Orleans. I am full of hope, and yet not without 
 great anxiety. Unless the signs fail, there is soon to be a bloody 
 battle. We have it intimated that an attempt will be made to- 
 morrow for the third time to enter Port Hudson. We hope to 
 celebrate the Fourth within that stronghold. Batteries have been 
 placed to command every available space. I expect to hear the 
 deafening roar of hundreds of guns before morning. Everything is 
 quiet to-day. I do not know whether there has been firing or not. 
 I have not noticed. As my attention is called to it, it is still going 
 on. It appears now as though the 5 2d would not be in a very 
 exposed place ; for they have had a hard spot for eighteen days. 
 I think they will stay where they are, and hold that part of the' 
 works, so that the rebels cannot get out. Almost every day we 
 hear of one or more deaths in the regiment or at the hospital 
 or at Baton Rouge. I am not starving, but paddling about here 
 barefoot, with my shirt all open in front, looking shabby and 
 
l82 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 rowdy enough. I am glad you said in your letter, " Stay till the 
 job is finished." I have quoted that to a lot of grumbling men 
 to-day. The future is full of uncertainty; but, if we do not go 
 in now, we may as well give it up. Our army cannot stay here 
 much longer. 
 
 Another butter toast today for dinner, Capt. Bissell for guest. 
 I told Ball it was not so good as the one we had yesterday. He 
 replied, "There was no butter for it," so he used pork fat. I told 
 him that, when next he was compelled to make a butter toast with 
 pork fat, to inform me of the fact, and I would not invite com- 
 pany to dinner. 
 
 To the Gazette and Courier by the chaplain : — 
 
 June 25. — We are still tugging away at this rebel stronghold, 
 which, excepting Vicksburg, has hardly its equal in the New 
 World. Nature and art seem to have conspired to render the 
 place impregnable. Situated upon high bluffs, which are inter- 
 sected in every possible manner by ravines and valleys, it is al- 
 most equally inaccessible by land or by water. The line of en- 
 trenchments, in general parallel with the river and five miles in 
 length, pursues a zigzag course, to get the advantage of cross-fire : 
 the area must be six or eight square miles, possibly more. The 
 breast-works are constructed in the most thorough manner. The 
 place is now closely invested. The line of skirmishers is kept 
 constantly at the front within one or two hundred yards of the 
 rebel works ; while they protect themselves behind logs and 
 stumps, as best they can, and pop as often as they discover any- 
 thing to pop at. To gain the ground we are now occupying has 
 cost us dearly. But the wonder is that the cost was not greater. 
 In the woods which we now occupy are rifle-pits, trenches, and 
 ravines, from which the enemy were driven onl}^ by the most per- 
 sistent bravery. This work had been largely done before the 52d 
 came up. So we shared neither the honor nor the sacrifice. We 
 arrived May 30, and on the 5th of June started on our expedition 
 to Clinton, where a force of the rebels was lurking. They ske- 
 daddled ; and we came back as fast as we went, and much more 
 exhausted. Sunday, June 14, was the first day of battle for the 
 52d. It had been determined to storm the works, and this was 
 unluckily the day decided upon. I say unluckily, for nothing 
 could be more unfortunate, not to say unwise, than to commence 
 such a difficult and perilous undertaking against the deep-seated 
 conviction of the popular mind. I feared — nay, even expected — 
 
PORT HUDSON 1 83 
 
 repulse; and so it turned out. The 52d were deployed near the 
 beginning of the engagement as skirmishers on the right. This 
 we did under a sharp fire from the breast-works, till we were 
 within less than two hundred yards of them. Here we halted till 
 night, awaiting further orders. At last we were told to hold this 
 position till relieved, which we have done up to the present time. 
 The whistling of bullets, the storming of shells, was truly frightful ; 
 and the mystery is how many missiles could be hurled at random, 
 and hit so few. Our boys behaved well. 
 
 In these ravines, hidden away here and there, the 52d boys 
 have been kept nearly three weeks. The discomforts of such a 
 place you cannot realize. The men are exposed to the uninter- 
 rupted rays of this torrid sun, with no shelter except what they 
 can make with their rubber blankets or by burrowing like squirrels 
 in a bank. In these ravines no air can circulate to moderate the 
 intense heat. The nights are cool, and few of the men have 
 blankets. Their knapsacks and most of their clothes, except 
 these rags upon their backs, are stored at Baton Rouge. The 
 flies and mosquitoes set sleep at defiance. The men are obliged 
 to keep very still in their places. A head shown above the logs 
 is a sure mark for rebel bullets. For several days there was no 
 going out in the daytime ; but by digging, removing obstructions, 
 and placing logs, shelter passages have been constructed, so that 
 rations and water can be carried in, and men can pass to and 
 fro with comparative safety. But it is a hard place. If a man 
 had been told when he went in there that he was to stay three 
 weeks, he would hardly have expected to come out alive. Several 
 who have not had a day's sickness have been compelled to yield 
 now, and the whole appearance of the men is changed. They 
 cannot help being dirty and ragged. A whole garment would 
 be a curiosity. If we could muster in Greenfield streets, I do 
 not know whether we would excite more pity or laughter. About 
 three hundred are all that can be mustered for service in the field. 
 The others are scattered far and near. In a comfortable and safe 
 place the surgeons and chaplain have their tent; and there the 
 sick are brought in, and lie upon the ground under the trees. The 
 cooking for the regiment is done in a ravine in which the water is 
 found half a mile away in another direction. It would be a long 
 story to tell what our regiment has done and endured since they 
 came into this region. I know the men have done their part well, 
 and borne their share of the labors and hazards of a campaign 
 
184 HISTORY OF THE 52 D REGIMENT 
 
 which has demanded as arduous and vigorous labor as any cam- 
 paign of the war. Our regiment in this remote corner of the 
 Union do not have as many friends from home to write glowing 
 accounts of what they are doing as the regiments which are more 
 accessible; but the army of the gulf can have the sweet conscious- 
 ness that no portion of the army of the Union has been more active 
 and untiring than this. The march to Clinton and back a month 
 ago did more to break down the men than any week's work they 
 have had. Many have not had a well day since. In the unsuc- 
 cessful assault on the enemy's works on the 14th the 5 2d took an 
 honorable part. Why was the assault made on Sunday? you may 
 well ask. We know of no reason for it. It was a sad, disastrous 
 day. It is a marvel which I cannot explain that the 52d suffered 
 so little. Other regiments, apparently no more exposed, suffered 
 fourfold more than they. Col. Greenleaf and the other field offi- 
 cers showed great coolness and courage, and handled the regiment 
 well ; and to this, in a measure, their exemption from great loss is 
 due. We feel every day more and more how fortunate the regi- 
 ment is in its commanding officer. No man speaks of Col. Green- 
 leaf but to praise him, no dangers which the men would not cheer- 
 fully meet at his call. To stand by the colors and the colonel 
 is the rallying cry in battle. Every one speaks well of the 52d. 
 We had but few men killed and wounded on that day, but the 
 positions secured then ought to be held ; and at this date, July 6, 
 we have been twenty-one days exposed to the fire of the enemy. 
 
 To Mrs. Moors : — 
 
 July 3. — Another night has passed, and no assault has been 
 made. Banks made a speech to the soldiers a few days ago, 
 and told them they would dine in Port Hudson on the Fourth of 
 July. The rebels seem to know everything that is going on on 
 our side. They shouted to our men yesterday: "You are coming 
 in to-morrow, are you? Should like to see you try it! You are 
 going to dine in Port Hudson on the Fourth, are you ? Your 
 dinner will last you as long as you live. Dine on cold grapes, 
 won't you ? " 
 
 Everybody expected the assault would be made this morning ; 
 but the night has been unusually quiet. No cannonading, but a 
 good deal of musketry firing. The assault must come soon, or 
 not at all. If Port Hudson does not fall now, Banks may as well 
 give it up. 
 
 /// the Woods before Fort Hudson, jFuly 4. — You say that the 
 
PORT HUDSON 185 
 
 boys write but few letters home nowadays. It is so, and for 
 good reasons. They have no materials, and no opportunity to 
 use them, if they had them. Do you ask where they are ? In the 
 rifle-pits and ravines in the front of the enemy's works, within 
 easy rifle range. In front of the rebel works the trees have been 
 cut down and left where they fell, making an almost impassable 
 barrier. The ravines increase the difficulty of approach. 
 
 July g. — Hoora ! Hoora ! We have got in at last. The day 
 before yesterday came official information of the surrender of 
 Vicksburg. Yesterday Gardner proposed to surrender Port Hud- 
 son, The terms agreed upon were an unconditional surrender. 
 At eight the S2d fall into line to march to Augur's headquarters on 
 the left, to enter the fort at nine o'clock. It is as glorious as it 
 can be, and comes in the very nick of time for us. Now I hope 
 to start soon for home ; but expect us when you see us. I cannot 
 tell when we shall start, but probably I shall not write again. We 
 are all excitement. Such a Fourth of July as we have had you 
 never heard of. True, we did not get into Port Hudson to eat 
 our Fourth of July dinner; but we fired a grand salute for a full 
 hour at noon, and every band was brought out and played its best. 
 We gave the rebels a good Fourth of July greeting. 
 
XIX. 
 
 THE SURRENDER OF PORT HUDSON. 
 [July 9, 1S63.] 
 
 Col. Greenleaf's account: — 
 
 "From this time forward, from the morning of the 21st of June 
 to the 8th of July, 1S63, it was but a continuation of the hardships 
 and perilous exposure for those in front heretofore described. 
 
 "Night and day the skirmishing is kept up; night and day the 
 riflemen on both sides eagerly watch for human targets ; night 
 and day the siege operations go steadily forward. The zigzag 
 saps in the open fields, in plain view of both lines, are slowly, but 
 surely advancing on the fortifications. These saps are about six 
 feet wide, and from the top of the earth which has been thrown 
 out to the bottom of the trench from eight to nine feet. Al- 
 though in the open field the workmen (mostly negroes) are pro- 
 tected in great degree from the fire of the Southern marksmen by 
 means of hogsheads filled with hard pressed cotton, placed on the 
 surface of the ground at the head of the sap, and rolled ahead a 
 few feet at a time as the work of excavating progresses, yet, in 
 spite of every precaution that can be taken, from four to six brave 
 lads are brought out, either killed or wounded, every twenty-four 
 hours. Miller, of Co. F, was killed while looking along his mus- 
 ket, through a loop-hole, by a portion of a slug from the parapet a 
 few yards away. The slug struck the muzzle of his gun, and parted : 
 one part entered his rifle-barrel, the other penetrated his vitals. 
 Sergt. Bennett, of Co. K, was mortally wounded by a fragment of 
 a shell from one of our own batteries, which exploded within our 
 intrenchments. Fragments of the shell were thrown back over 
 the breastworks, and one of these fatally struck him. 
 
 " Cyrus Stowell, of Co. D, the ' pleasant corporal,' exposed his 
 head for an instant from behind his tree-trunk, and on that instant 
 was shot and killed by an Argus-eyed Confederate from behind 
 his parapet and sand-bags ; Severence, of Co. E, was killed within 
 a few yards of the regimental headquarters on the brow of the 
 
THE SURRENDER OF PORT HUDSON 187 
 
 plateau, behind the two fallen tree-trunks ; Conoly, of Co. B, and 
 Foster, of Co. F, met the same fate in the trenches ; Brayman, of 
 Co, E, is mortally wounded ; and so it goes. Yet this night and 
 day labor and exposure, these harsh and discordant notes of war, 
 this continuous roar and rattle of the siege, the sight of bloodshed, 
 the suffering of the sick and wounded, the presence of death 
 even, all become monotonous at last. We become, in a measure, 
 calloused to horrid sights and painful sounds : we notice them, 
 and think of them, less and less as the days go by. 
 
 "But 'cavaliers' have been built, — one of them not far from 
 our reserve camp. These ' cavaliers ' are high, artificial mounds, 
 built up in the open field by means of numerous hogsheads filled 
 with cotton, piled one upon another, and with sufficient earth filled 
 in between them and covering them to make the mound solid and 
 strong. 
 
 " From these high elevations our marksmen can see beyond the 
 breast-works into the fortress, and get a longer and better range. 
 On one of these cavaliers Capt. Mack, of the iSth New York Bat- 
 tery, mounted one of his twenty-pound Parrotts, and with it dis- 
 mounted and silenced the last heavy gun in either redoubt that 
 had caused us trouble or that was opened upon us. It had been 
 shelling us a long time ; but, being mounted in a redoubt within 
 the parapets and withdrawn at each discharge, our sharpshooters 
 in front were unable to locate, much less to silence it. But a 
 well-directed shot from the cavalier (whence it could be located) 
 by Mack's skilled gunner struck the solitary piece in the muzzle, 
 and destroyed it forever. This was truly an exhibition of splen- 
 did artillery practice. About this time our saps approach the 
 parapets : we soon commence to ' mine ' them. So near are we 
 now to the besieged 'butternuts' that they now and then toss 
 hand grenades over their earth-works among our working force. 
 These explode and injure our men, but do not deter them from 
 their work. Lieut. Hurlbut, of Co. A, a most resolute and de- 
 serving soldier, is among the number wounded by these hand 
 grenades. Although unseen by each other, conversation is car- 
 ried on between the besiegers and besieged. The latter beg for 
 tobacco, the former ask some memento in return ; and the coveted 
 articles are tossed back and forth over the parapets. 
 
 " On the seventh day of July we were fairly under the fortifica- 
 tions in different places, — had 'mined' them and prepared secure 
 places for our magazines of power with which to blow them into 
 
l88 HISTORY OF JHE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the air, and open a passage for our troops. Three or four days 
 more, and we should have been ready to fire the train and to fol- 
 low up the explosions with victorious assault ; but on the eve of 
 that ever-to-be-remembered day we received the 'glad tidings of 
 great joy' announcing the fall of Vicksburg. 
 
 "The official despatch from Gen. Grant to Gen. Banks, an- 
 nouncing the surrender, was made the occasion of great rejoicing 
 within the Union lines as soon as the contents thereof became 
 generally known. Salutes were fired, bonfires lighted, and cheers 
 went up all along our front. Col. Kimball caused a copy of the 
 official despatch to be tossed over the parapet to anxious Confed- 
 erates, who desired to know what so much rejoicing signified. 
 
 " Upon receiving this information about midnight of the 7th, 
 Gen. Gardner sent a flag of truce to Gen. Banks, requesting a 
 cessation of hostilities, with a view to a consideration of terms of 
 surrender. Gen. Banks replied early on the morning of the 8th 
 by sending Gen. Gardner a copy of the official notice from Gen. 
 Grant of the fall of Vicksburg, and saying, ' Under present circum- 
 stances I cannot consistently with my duty consent to a cessation 
 of hostilities for the purpose you indicate.' Whereupon a few 
 hours later Gen. Gardner sent another note to Gen. Banks, from 
 which I quote as follows : ' Having defended this position as long 
 as I think my duty requires, I am willing to surrender to you, and 
 will appoint a commission of three officers to meet a similar com- 
 mission appointed by yourself at nine o'clock this morning, for the 
 purpose of agreeing upon and drawing up the terms of sur- 
 render, and for the purpose of asking for a cessation of hostilities. 
 Will you please designate a place outside the breast-works where 
 the meeting shall be held for this purpose } ' 
 
 "In closing his answer to this note, Gen. Banks said : ' I have 
 the honor to state that I have designated Brig.-Gen. Charles P. 
 Stone, Col. Henry W. Birge, and Lieut. -Col. Richard B. Irwin as 
 the officers to meet the commission appointed by you. They will 
 meet your officers at the hour designated, at a point where the 
 flag of truce was received this morning. I will direct that active 
 hostilities shall entirely cease, on my part, until further notice, for 
 the purpose stated.' 
 
 " The commission thus appointed met at the time and place des- 
 ignated by the two opposing major-generals commanding, and 
 mutually agreed upon and adopted the following articles of capitu- 
 lation : — 
 
THE SURRENDER OF PORT HUDSON 189 
 
 "Article i. Major-Gen. Frank Gardner surrenders to the 
 United States forces under Major-Gen. Banks the place of Port 
 Hudson and its dependences, with its garrison, armaments, muni- 
 tions, public funds, materials of war, in condition, as nearly as may 
 be, in which they were at the time of cessation of hostilities; 
 namely, six o'clock a.m., July 8, 1863. 
 
 "Article 2. The surrender stipulated in Article i is qualified 
 by no condition, save that the officers and enlisted men compris- 
 ing the garrison shall receive the treatment due to prisoners of 
 war, according to the usages of civilized warfare. 
 
 " Article 3. The private property of the officers and enlisted 
 men shall be respected, and left to the respective owners. 
 
 " Article 4. The position of Port Hudson shall be occupied 
 to-morrow at seven o'clock a.m. by the forces of the United States, 
 and the garrison received as prisoners of war by such general offi- 
 cers of the United States service as shall be designated by Major- 
 Gen. Banks, with the ordinary formalities of rendition. The Con- 
 federate troops will be drawn up in line, officers in their positions, 
 the right of the line resting on the prairie south of the railroad 
 depot, the left extending in the direction of the village of Port 
 Hudson. The arms and colors will be piled conveniently, and 
 will be received by the officers of the United States. 
 
 "Article 5. The sick and wounded of the garrison will be 
 cared for by the authorities of the United States, assisted, if de- 
 sired by either party, by the medical officers of the garrison. 
 
 "Charles P. Stone, Brigadier-General. 
 
 " W. N. Miles, Colonel commanding the right 
 
 wing of the army. 
 "Wm. D wight, Brigadier-General. 
 " G. W. Steadman, Colonel commanding the left 
 
 wing of the army. 
 "Marshall S. Smith, Lieutenatit Colonel, Chief 
 
 Artillery. 
 " Henry W. Birge, Colonel commanding jth 
 Brigade, Grant's Divisio?i. 
 " Approved. 
 
 N. P. Banks, Major-General. 
 " Approved. 
 
 Frank Gardner, Major-General. 
 
 " The formal surrender of Port Hudson was accordingly made on 
 the 9th of July, 1863. Gen. Gardner, on that occasion, offered to 
 surrender his sword with his command, but was requested to retain 
 it." 
 
 [From the official report made by Gen. Stone to Gen. Banks, 
 we learn that the number of enlisted men paroled at Port Hudson 
 was 5,935; officers not paroled, 405. Aggregate of prisoners 
 taken, 6,340. 
 
igo HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Capt. Jackson, of the Confederate army, reporting to Gen. J. E. 
 Johnson July 9, 1863, says: "Port Hudson surrendered yester- 
 day. Our provisions were exhausted; and it was impossible to cut 
 our way out, on account of the proximity of the enemy's work. 
 We have lost two hundred killed, and between three and four hun- 
 dred wounded, and two hundred have died from sickness. At the 
 time of the surrender there were only about twenty-five hundred 
 men fit for duty."] 
 
 " I well remember that bright, pleasant morning in July when, 
 with banners flying and bands playing, we proudly marched into 
 Port Hudson. I then thought it the happiest day of my life. 
 
 "The term of service for which the 5 2d Regiment enlisted 
 expired while we were in the hottest part of the siege, but we had 
 had the satisfaction and honor of serving until grand results had 
 been achieved. We now enjoyed the distinguished honor of hav- 
 ing aided in compelling the surrender of one of the strongest and 
 most stubbornly defended military positions ever successfully 
 besieged in this or any other country, thus aiding to remove that 
 last remaining obstruction to commerce on the Mississippi River. 
 
 " We could now return to our dear old New England homes, 
 rejoicing in this exultant thought, in the proud consciousness that 
 our military duties in the Union cause had been faithfully per- 
 formed. 
 
 " We were to be the first regiment to ascend the Mississippi 
 River after it had been opened to navigation, but must delay our 
 departure a week or two for want of the necessary transportation. 
 While our army had been laying siege to Gen. Gardner on the 
 east bank of the river. Gen. Taylor, whom we persuaded to vacate 
 Fort Bisland and then pursued up the Teche to Opelousas, thence 
 to Alexandria, as previously described, had been making things 
 somewhat lively for Banks's remaining force west of the Missis- 
 sippi, at Brashear City, and at Donaldsonville and vicinity. 
 
 "About the 20th of June Taylor, having returned with his 
 reconstructed command down the Teche, surprised and captured 
 the federal garrison at Brashear City, numbering, all told (includ- 
 ing convalescents), about fifteen hundred men, together with a 
 large amount of supplies : thence, moving through La Fourche 
 country, he struck the Mississippi near Donaldsonville, and from 
 that point interrupted our communications with New Orleans. 
 Thereupon, as soon as Port Hudson fell. Gen. Banks again paid 
 his compliments to Gen. Taylor. An expedition requiring all the 
 
THE SURRENDER OF PORT HUDSON igi 
 
 available river transportation was immediately fitted out and sent 
 down the river to dislodge Taylpr at Donaldsonville, redeem La 
 Fourche country, and recapture Brashear City. In the mean 
 time our convalescents from New Orleans and Baton Rouge were 
 brought up by Surgeon Richardson, members of the regiment on 
 detached service called in, and other necessary preparations made 
 to embark on the first transport that could be spared us. I im- 
 proved this delay to ascertain the facts with regard to the conduct 
 of the negro troops on the 27th of May previous, as it had been 
 my purpose to do from the time the first reports of their wonderful 
 exploits reached me. I went in person to Gen. Grover, — a model 
 soldier, affable, competent, and brave, — in whose division the said 
 Nelson's colored brigade served on the occasion referred to, called 
 his attention to what had been said and written with respect to the 
 conduct of that brigade on the 27th of May (and he had heard 
 and seen reported substantially the same accounts of the affair 
 that had reached me), and asked him to do me the favor to give 
 me the facts in the case as officially reported to him, adding that 
 I not only desired the actual facts for my own satisfaction, but 
 that, as I was about to return North with my command, for truth's 
 sake and the country's sake, I should take pleasure in stating the 
 official facts to whomever they might concern in the North, when- 
 ever I should have occasion. Gen, Grover smiled in his quiet, 
 pleasant way, and replied : ' Well, colonel, the story is a short one, 
 and soon told. Most of the unofficial reports of the affair which 
 you inquire about that have come to me, as they have to you, are 
 greatly exaggerated. Nelson's brigade numbered about fourteen 
 hundred men : they participated in the assault on the 27th of May, 
 but they made no such wonderful charges as has been reported. 
 They did not leap the parapets and bayonet the gunners, nor in- 
 deed did they get very near the parapets : they did not even carry 
 the rifle-pits thrown out in front. Their entire loss for the day 
 was one hundred and fifty-seven killed, wounded, and missing, the 
 greater part of which loss was the " missing." ' 
 
 *' Having kindly given me in person this interesting informa- 
 tion. Gen. Grover referred me to his assistant adjutant-general 
 Capt. Hibbert for further details of the affair. I forthwith 
 called upon the assistant adjutant-general, used the general's 
 name, made known my business, and from him received sub- 
 stantially the above statement, derived from official reports then 
 in his possession." 
 
ig2 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 From a lecture upon the Army Chaplain : — 
 
 The last and hardest chapter in our experience was the siege of 
 Port Hudson. Lucky for us, it was the last; for not many of our 
 number could have survived another like it. It was the hardest 
 service the regiment saw. We were close up under the rebel 
 works, and remained there day and night, sheltered only by some 
 rude earth-works we had thrown up for our protection. The dis- 
 comforts of our position were not due to any one condition. It 
 was not that the days were intensely hot and the nights uncom- 
 fortably cold, and there was no escape from the one or the other ; 
 it was not that water was scarce, and the little we could obtain was 
 so filthy as to provoke disgust, the rations poor and insufficient, 
 the meat fat bacon, and the hard-tack wormy ; it was not that the 
 men were ragged and dirty, and had to live in the dirt, which, 
 after a shower became tenacious mud; it was not that they had 
 to occupy lowly and constrained positions (an upright posture was 
 sure to be a fatal one) ; it was not that a perfect storm of cannon- 
 ading and musketry was going on around and over them by day 
 and night ; it was not that they believed that their term of service 
 had expired, and that they were unjustly retained and the task be- 
 fore them seemed hopeless, — it was not one of these conditions, 
 but all combined, that made the month of June as full of hardship 
 and discomfort as possible. A great deal of sickness prevailed. 
 Just out of range of rebel muskets the sick men were stretched 
 upon the ground, lying upon their blankets, exposed to the hot 
 sun by day and the cold air by night, with such care as the assist- 
 ant surgeon and the chaplain could render. Three hundred 
 muskets were all our regiment could show ; and yet there was no 
 insubordination. Our men went steadily, if not cheerfully, to their 
 work, determined to see the end. All the harder this, and all the 
 more honorable, that in several of the nine months' regiments there 
 was open revolt. 
 
XX. 
 
 COL. GREENLEAF'S ACCOUNT OF A FORAGING EXPEDI- 
 TION TO JACKSON CROSS-ROADS. 
 
 But to break the monotony of the siege for the 52d Regiment, 
 an order comes to me from Col. Kimball, late in the evening of 
 the 19th of June, to report with my command for duty at Gen. 
 Banks's headquarters, three or four miles to the rear, at sunrise 
 in the morning. 
 
 We were no little puzzled to receive such an order, at such a 
 time, under such circumstances, but had no alternatii^e but to obey. 
 It required most of the remainder of the night to get the men out 
 of the trenches in front to the reserve camps in the rear; but they 
 were all fairly out by daylight, and ready to march as directed. We 
 then mustered about five hundred guns altogether. We could 
 muster no more, for the reason that many men had been made 
 sick from hard marching and exposure, and many others had been 
 put upon detached service. Arriving at the general's camp a little 
 after sunrise, we there met for the first time Gen. Charles P. Stone, 
 then (or soon to become) Banks's accomplished chief of stafif. 
 He had been released from what many believed to have been un- 
 just, arbitrary military arrest in Washington, a few weeks previ- 
 ously, and ordered to report for duty to Gen. Banks in the Depart- 
 ment of the Gulf. He had been under arrest about a year, yet up 
 to this time did not even know the cause of the arrest, although he 
 had repeatedly asked the proper authorities for specific charges. 
 Rather a sad commentary on what Shakespeare denominates 
 "even-handed justice" in Washington at that time. Gen. Stone 
 has been commander-in-chief of the Egyptian armies for several 
 years past. But I digress. We now receive the orders for which 
 we came. We are to escort a forage train, consisting of one hun- 
 dred and fifty-four mule covered wagons, to Jackson Cross-roads 
 eighteen miles to the rear and return, and are to have added to 
 our command for this service one hundred of the 2d Rhode Isl- 
 and Cavalry, Lieut. Col. Corliss commanding, and one section of 
 
194 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 Closson's field battery. This train is to be in charge of Banks's 
 quartermaster and wagon-master, and goes out to confiscate forage 
 required for the army. It is known, however, at these headquar- 
 ters that we are liable to encounter the same Confederate force 
 (estimated at twenty-five hundred men), under Gen. Mouton, that 
 Gen. Paine and his command sought to "gobble " at .Clinton, two 
 weeks before ; but we receive our orders, the infantry mount the 
 wagons as a guard, and we push ahead. A few miles out, where 
 two converging roads meet and join, we found Lieut. Col. Loomis 
 and Major Starr, of Grierson's famous command, who, with about 
 fifty w-agons and two hundred of their fine cavalry, are also on a 
 foraging expedition ; and it is soon agreed that we join our forces, 
 and push on to Jackson together. This gives me a command con- 
 sisting of five hundred infantry, three hundred cavalry, and one 
 section of an excellent field battery, which, together with the two 
 hundred wagons, make a train over two miles long. 
 
 The country proves to be quite an interesting one. The high 
 way is bounded by thick evergreen hedges in many places and 
 skirted by wood in others, — a splendid country for bush-whack- 
 ing, and correspondingly bad for a long forage train, where a 
 superior force of the enemy is on the lookout for it ! Some eight 
 or nine miles out we come to a deep gulch, or ravine, from one 
 hundred and fifty to two hundred yards wide, which we cross. We 
 are anxious and uncomfortable as we cross this ugly ravine : we 
 imagine an itinerating battalion of Mouton's force confronting us 
 on the opposite (western) bank as we return, and we are not 
 happy. But on we go until about one o'clock p.m., when we reach 
 Jackson Cross-roads. Here two roads cross each other nearly at 
 right angles, running nearly north and south, the other east and 
 west. A mile or two on the road to the north is the village of 
 Jackson, from which the crossing takes its name. 
 
 It is a fine, open, rolling country this. The ground is somewhat 
 higher at the crossing than for some distance to the south and 
 east, and we here command a view of quite an extended land- 
 scape. Beyond the open fields to the south-east, seven or eight 
 hundred yards away, is a dense wood. About half a mile to 
 the south, a short distance from the highway, are several plan- 
 tation out-houses, in which the wagon-master says forage is stored ; 
 and on the road running east (about north-east from the cross- 
 ing), about the same distance away, are still other buildings, in 
 which there is also said to be grain. But, as we have no time 
 
A FORAGING EXPEDITION 
 
 195 
 
 to spare, we should load our wagons with all possible despatch, 
 and begin our return march in season to recross that dangerous 
 ravine before nightfall. 
 
 The colonel comprehended the situation at once, and promptly 
 gave what he deemed the requisite orders for securing the coveted 
 forage. One hundred wagons would proceed to the plantation on 
 the right and load up, preceded by Lieut. Col. Loomis with one 
 hundred cavalry, who would take position on the road beyond to 
 guard against attack ; while the other one hundred wagons would 
 make their way to the other plantation on the left, and load up, 
 with Major Starr and the remaining one hundred of Grierson's 
 cavalry posted on the road beyond. 
 
 A squad of the 2d Rhode Island Cavalry would be posted as a 
 picket guard on the Port Hudson road in our rear, another on the 
 Jackson road, and the remainder of that command, under Lieut. 
 Col. Corliss, would constitute a guard well to the front. 
 
 Our modest little battery was planted on elevated ground in the 
 south-east angle of the crossing, where it would have a fine wide 
 range, and the regiment (the guard having previously alighted from 
 the wagons) formed in line a few yards to the rear to support it. 
 The regiment stacked arms as soon as the line had been formed, 
 and the members thereof immediately set about making coffee and 
 overhauling haversacks for bread and meat for their lunch. These 
 several movements were made simultaneously : they were likewise 
 made quickly. We are now in the best position possible, under 
 the circumstances. But, just as the cooks had fairly got their fires 
 going, a cavalryman dashed up to me with a written message from 
 Lieut. Col. Corliss, in which he said he had that moment learned 
 from negroes and others on the plantation to the right that Gens. 
 Mouton and Hughes had camped on the premises with their com- 
 mand of twenty-five hundred men (many of them mounted) the 
 night previous ; that they had been notified of our coming, and 
 were now on the lookout for us ; that they were then in the wood 
 or concealed in the fields near by, and that I might expect to be 
 attacked by them in a few minutes. 
 
 As I finished reading this interesting despatch, another cavalry- 
 man rode up with a prisoner from the opposite direction, and I 
 proceeded at once to interrogate them. The prisoner appeared to 
 be honest and intelligent, freely answered my questions, and fully 
 confirmed what Lieut. Col. Corliss had despatched to me with re- 
 gard to the enemy and his whereabouts a few moments before. 
 
196 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 The cavalryman brought much the same story from the left. I 
 inquired of the prisoner about the roads, — whether there was 
 any road within a few miles of us north, connecting with the 
 one running east from Port Hudson, which led to and crossed 
 the ravine previously described. He answered that the road 
 running through Jackson Village did this ; and I forthwith 
 turned him over to the tender mercies of the cavalry picket- 
 guard in the rear. 
 
 I saw nothing to change in the dispositions at first resolved 
 upon and already made, from the fact that we were really in immi- 
 nent danger: we would await the threatened attack from whichever 
 direction and in whatever manner it might be made. Nor were we 
 long in suspense. Within five or ten minutes after Col. Corliss's 
 message had been received, just as our communicative prisoner 
 was marching to the rear, and before our coffee had been drunk or 
 any bread tasted, "the hathin butternuts" open the military ball 
 in good earnest. Crack ! crack ! crack ! crack ! go the rifles near 
 the edge of the wood : then comes the rattle of volley after volley 
 of musketry in rapid succession from the plantation on the right. 
 "Battalion!" The 52d boys are in line of battle in a moment, 
 and the artillery men are at their guns. We look. Behold ! the 
 Southern hosts are filing out of the woods and fields, and massing 
 within range of our battery. Our teamsters are evidently panic- 
 stricken ; the mules are frightened, and running at the top of their 
 speed, with their white-topped wagons, in every direction ; and the 
 2d Rhode Island Cavalry are falling back. Two companies of the 
 regiment deploy in skirmish line, and push to the front. Col. Cor- 
 liss dashes up, and himself confirms previous reports as to whose 
 commands and what numbers we have to encounter. Our two brass 
 guns command the field. Among the many covered wagons in the 
 train, and men and horses about our rendezvous, the Confederate 
 generals had failed to notice the battery. We have only to swing 
 around the muzzles of the guns to get the range, and open fire 
 with shot and shell ; and this is done promptly, skilfully, and most 
 effectively. The artillerymen do their whole duty, just in the nick 
 of time. Mouton and Hughes evidently were taken wholly by 
 surprise. We could see that their troops were about as badly de- 
 moralized from the effect of our fire as our teamsters and mules 
 had been from their attack. The artillery was in play but a few 
 moments; and the enemy was soon out of sight in the woods, just 
 in his rear. The fear then was that, as soon as he had sufficiently 
 
A FORAGING EXPEDITION 
 
 197 
 
 recovered from the surprise and punishment inflicted, he would 
 re-form in the wood, which extended some distance to the north, 
 swoop down on our left, half a mile away, gobble up the one hun- 
 dred wagons and Major Starr's cavalry force there, and then return 
 to attack our right from a more favorable direction. We feared 
 he might first "gobble " our left, and then, by way of the Jackson 
 road, put his greatly superior force in our rear on the further bank 
 of the ravine heretofore described. At any rate, we were in no 
 position or condition to cope with a much superior force, while 
 thus spread out ; and, as it was clearly our first duty to save, if 
 possible, our train, we despatched orders right and left to abandon 
 further attempts at foraging, and for the teams to come in at once. 
 We would concentrate our small force, and then, if again attacked, 
 park our wagons, and fight it out to the bitter end ; or, if not 
 attacked, seek to make the further banks of the ravine in advance 
 of the Confederates. 
 
 Simultaneously with the orders despatched right and left was 
 still another order to the cavalry guard in the rear, as well as to 
 the wagon-master, to halt the first teams that should come in at 
 the post on the Port Hudson road, and hold them there until the 
 train could be closed up, and the further order given to move. 
 Soon the teams began to come in, — hurrah, boys ! pell-mell, helter- 
 skelter, — some without drivers, some with two mules, others with 
 three, now and then a mule with harness off or parts of it drag- 
 ging on the ground, with a wrecked wagon behind, drivers and 
 mules all under the greatest excitement. We expected every 
 moment to see the enemy's horse dash at the flank of our left line 
 and cut it in two as it came straggling in ; but we were happily 
 spared the pain of such a sight. We knew it was the best strat- 
 egy for him to strike our left while thus exposed, and were amazed 
 that he did not do it. 
 
 It was about one half-hour after the orders to concentrate had 
 been given before the last wagon came in. Just at this moment 
 a report came back that the cavalry squad posted to the rear had 
 disobeyed orders, and failed to halt and hold the teams as they 
 came up ; that, in fact, both cavalry and teams had been on a 
 grand "skedaddle" from the time the first of the demoralized 
 train came in. This report was indeed interesting. How was a 
 forage train to be guarded that should become so frightened as to 
 disobey orders, and run away from its escort ! As the enemy had 
 failed to strike our left, he had probably passed around it, struck 
 
igS HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the Jackson road, and pushed for the west bank of the ravine, in 
 which case he would be almost certain to capture all teams so 
 foolish as to run away from their escort. 
 
 Lieut. Buddington, acting adjutant, — a brave, efificient soldier, 
 and well mounted, — was thereupon ordered to ride with all haste 
 to the said ravine, eight or nine miles distant, and to halt the last 
 teams he should overtake by fast riding to that point, and the en- 
 tire military command to close up at once on the rear of the train 
 and take up the return march, in the hope that we might succeed in 
 recrossing the ravine in safety before nightfall. As we closed up 
 on the train, the infantry again " mounted guards," and a company 
 of cavalry was sent to the front. Finally, as the rear of the train 
 was no longer threatened, I rode to the front with the battery, to- 
 gether with all but a squad of the remaining cavalry, reaching the 
 head of the train, and overtaking Adjt. Buddington at the ravine, 
 just as the long line had fully closed up. The adjutant reported 
 that about fifty wagons had crossed the gulch before he could 
 reach it, and that they had already been captured by the enemy's 
 advance. At this moment a courier, coming across the country 
 from the Union lines, rides up to me with a despatch from Gen. 
 Stone, stating that, since the train started in the morning, infor- 
 mation had reached him to the effect that a considerable force 
 of the enemy would probably be encountered on the expedition, 
 urging the utmost caution to prevent surprise, and suggesting that 
 we make the best defence possible and send for re-enforcements 
 in case of attack. But even this kind and considerate order ne- 
 cessitated no change in our proposed movements. No sooner 
 was it read than the order was given, " Forward ! march ! " The 
 head of the column moved at once, and a few minutes later had 
 reached the plateau on the opposite bank of the yet passable 
 "gulf;" but the minute the advance had gained this high ground 
 the Confederate advance opened fire on us from the right with his 
 twelve-gun battery and smaller arms. 
 
 Our glorious little battery promptly wheeled out of column to 
 the right, and took position in front ; and a line of battle, embrac- 
 ing all the infantry and cavalry at the moment available, was as 
 promptly formed to support the battery. Our movement from 
 Jackson had been too quick for the enemy : we had gained this 
 strong position in advance of him, and we were happy. Lieut. 
 Col. Loomis, who at first favored fighting the battle out at the 
 
A FORAGING EXPEDITION 1 99 
 
 Cross-roads, now conceded that our orders for the return march 
 had been " all right." 
 
 Capt. M. H. Spaulding, Co. C, reports that, from information 
 received from Major Graham of the ist or 2d Artillery, there 
 were on the ground a Confederate force of three regiments of 
 infantry, three of cavalry, and Adams's battery of six pieces of 
 twelve-pounders. 
 
 Mouton and Hughes fear our well-served brass field-pieces, and 
 fall back before them and the determined battle front that we 
 present. The wagon train passes along the road in rear of our line 
 of battle, the gallant command closes on the last wagon as it 
 moves past, and thus we return to Banks's headquarters without 
 further incident, and there make our report of the expedition to 
 the general in person. Gen. Banks regrets the loss of our fifty 
 wagons and two hundred mules, — also, that we failed to secure 
 more forage ; but he is satisfied from reports that had reached 
 him during the day, as well as from our own report, that we " did 
 well to get back with so little loss." 
 
 The regiment marches back to camp in a somewhat jaded con- 
 dition, hoping for a good night's rest and sleep in the woods. But 
 late in the evening, after an enjoyable supper, and after some 
 pretty racy stories of the day's exploits had been related, we were 
 informed by Col. Kimball, in person, that a great mistake had been 
 made by somebody in taking us out of the trenches and sending 
 us off on such an expedition ; that the fact that we held so impor- 
 tant a position in front was overlooked at Gen. Grover's head- 
 quarters at the time the order was sent him, and that the error had 
 not been discovered until too late to correct it; that, in conse- 
 quence of this blunder, our hard-earned position in front had been 
 unoccupied since we vacated it at midnight, and that therefore we 
 must reoccupy it as soon as possible. And the half-compliment- 
 ary, half-cruel order was obeyed, although it required most of the 
 night to carry it into effect. Thus ended our perilous expedition 
 to Jackson Cross-roads. 
 
 The following day an adequate force, under Gen. Weitzel, was 
 sent out to Jackson to chastise the predatory Confederates who 
 had given me so much trouble ; but, as did Gen, Paine at Clinton 
 two weeks previous, Gen. Weitzel, on arrival at Jackson, found 
 that Gens. Mouton and Hughes had considerately left for parts 
 unknown. It was ascertained, however, at the crossings that, in 
 the engagement with our gallant little command the day previous, 
 
f 
 
 200 HISTORY OF THK 52D REGIMENT 
 
 the enemy suffered a loss of between thirty and forty killed and 
 wounded ; while our loss, besides the sixty teams, was but seven 
 or eight killed, wounded, and prisoners. Two members of the 
 52d Regiment were captured with the runaway train ; and Lieut. 
 Col. Corliss reported a loss of five or six of his Rhode Island Cav- 
 alry. 
 
XXI. 
 
 WITHIN PORT HUDSON AND THE JOURNEY HOME. 
 
 [July 23 to Aug. 4, 1863.] 
 
 July 12, 1863. 
 
 My dear Wife, — Here we are in Port Hudson at last. I wrote 
 you a few words announcing the surrender. We have had a very 
 exciting weel<;. Last Sunday we were full of anxiety. A fierce 
 battle seemed to be close at hand. Our preparations for another 
 assault were nearly completed, and the result could not but be 
 bloody and terrible ; and yet we were confident<hat we could win 
 possession of the place. On Monday, July 6, Cyrus Stowell was 
 killed. Have I told you about him ? He was a very pleasant fel- 
 low, — a cheerful, hopeful, happy boy, the son of Deacon Stowell, 
 of South Deerfield. A bullet pierced his head, and killed him 
 instantly. We had had no burial services since the siege began ; 
 but he was a very popular fellow, and the boys made a great effort 
 to get possession of his body. The funeral was very impressive. 
 It was about nine o'clock at night. He was wrapped in his 
 blanket. We had two candles. The clouds hung around the hori- 
 zon, and the thunder and lightning were abundant. Overhead was 
 a patch of starlight. To the south, a little way off, the booming 
 of cannon and the rattle of musketry told us that the bombard- 
 ment was going vigorously on. As we stood around, while some 
 of the men were digging a shallow grave, I told the boys it was 
 the most impressive scene I had witnessed. When the grave was 
 dug, the body of our comrade was laid in it, and a religious ser- 
 vice held. In the midst of a prayer a bullet from a rebel rifle, 
 whose range was a little longer than most, whizzed through our 
 circle as we stood around the grave. I heard some one say, " Put 
 out the candle ! " which a boy had been holding for me by which 
 to read a passage from the Bible. 
 
 The next day, July 7, came the news of the surrender of Vicks- 
 burg. It was official, and gave great joy. The big guns fired 
 their salutes, the bands played the most exultant strains, the men 
 shouted for joy. The next morning, Thursday, it was found that 
 
2 02 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 Gen. Gardner had sent to Gen. Banks to propose terms of surren- 
 der. At nine o'clock there was a meeting of officers of both 
 armies to arrange the terms. At two o'clock it was announced 
 that the terms had been agreed upon. I suppose you at home will 
 infer that, as this followed so hard upon the surrender of Vicks- 
 burg, it was dependent upon that ; but it is not so. The surrender 
 would have taken place soon if Vicksburg had not surrendered. 
 The rebels were fairly starved to it. There had been terrible suf- 
 fering within the fort for some time, and all prospects of relief 
 were lost : they must give up, or die. That afternoon we sent in 
 beef and hard-tack for their use. I spent the afternoon in examin- 
 ing our siege works, — the saps and mines our men had prepared, 
 and which were nearly completed. The next morning, July 9, we 
 had orders to be in line at eight o'clock, and soon after marched 
 to Gen. Augur's headquarters, where we waited till ten to get our 
 whole army into line ; and then, with flags flying and bands plaj'^- 
 ing, we marched into this stronghold of rebeldom. There was no 
 formal surrender of arms, such as we see in the pictures of Corn- 
 wallis giving up his sword. If there were any such, we had not 
 seen it. We were halted near the river. I found a tree that had 
 been cut through by a shell and laid upon the ground. The 
 leaves were still green. I crawled into the branches, and laid 
 there till nearly night, with a solitary hard-tack for dinner on which 
 to celebrate our victory. Ball got up a shelter tent at night, and 
 we slept our first sleep in Port Hudson. The regiment, after loung- 
 ing most of the day in the hot sun, were sent to guard the rebel 
 prisoners, and are at the same business still. The next days, Fri- 
 day and Saturday, I spent in examining the rebel works and talk- 
 ing with the prisoners. This has kept me busy for a while in the 
 morning, the only part of the day that I can do anything. The 
 rest of the day I lounge in my tent, and do nothing, except I have 
 found Bulwer's novel of "Pelham," which I have enjoyed reading- 
 It is the only book I have, excepting the Bible. 
 
 I wish you could be here for an hour and see this place. The 
 fortifications are on the highest bluffs I have yet seen on the Mis- 
 sissippi. The bluffs are about forty feet high, and as jagged on the 
 water's edge as it is possible to conceive. The water, every time 
 it rains, washes away some portion of the bluffs more than others. 
 On the very edge of one of these projecting bluffs I am seated, 
 writing this. The scene is a remarkable one. If I should take 
 four steps in advance, I should plunge over a precipice forty feet 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON — THE JOURNEY HOME 203 
 
 high. The water in the river comes up nearly to the foot of the 
 precipice, and is rising rapidly. On the edge of the water are 
 crowds of men in all kinds of dirty, ragged dress, both rebs and 
 Feds, a good many in no dress at all ; for it is for bathing purposes 
 that this crowd has collected. I look down upon hundreds of 
 heads of swimmers bobbing up and down in the water. The river 
 makes here an angle of ninety degrees. It comes sweeping 
 towards me from the west, then makes a graceful bend to the 
 south. The stream is broad and grand. I do not weary of sitting 
 or lying here and watching it. To the right of me a little distance 
 there is a dense forest, with the deepest green foliage. Near at 
 hand the first thing that attracts attention is the broad folds of the 
 United States flag floating victoriously to the breeze from a flag- 
 staff raised upon the edge of the bluff. At its foot and all along 
 the bluff, right and left, are the carefully prepared embrasures for 
 heavy siege guns, several of which remain, though some have been 
 dismounted by our shells. Within an arm's length of my right 
 hand is one of the magazines for powder, nearly empty now. The 
 little plot on which we are living has had all the turf removed to 
 build into the embrasures. It is a dirty spot enough to live in. 
 Some of the boys help me confiscate the door of the railroad sta- 
 tion near by ; and we drag it to this little dirty spot, and it serves 
 me for house and tent. Looking now at the south, there is the 
 same broad expanse of river ; and three or four miles down the 
 stream lie the gunboats, silent now, and, rising majestically among 
 them, the tall masts of the " Hartford," Commodore Farragut's 
 flagship. Much nearer, almost at my feet, lie six steainers which 
 came up last night with stores, and, we suppose, are to take the 
 rebel prisoners away. The edges of the bluff are lined with idlers. 
 Feds and Confeds talking leisurely, and for the most part good- 
 naturedly, together. I have said that the 9th was a happy day for 
 us, and so it was. No words can express our joy that the siege was 
 ended, and so satisfactorily. But so tired and exhausted were the 
 men that we could not manifest much enthusiasm. We plodded 
 on more like a funeral procession than like the triumphant march 
 of a victorious army. We were seeing on every side the effects of 
 the siege. The trunks of trees a foot or more in diaineter had 
 been torn asunder by the heavy shot which had been poured in. 
 Holes in the hard earth six or eight feet deep showed where shells 
 had struck and been buried. The small arms of seven thousand 
 rebel soldiers were piled together on the ground. We had a 
 
204 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 chance to see the huge siege guns that had been so effective, and 
 now were silenced. 
 
 Though we are within Port Hudson, it is not a paradise that 
 we have found. About the time we entered here the rebels got 
 in our rear below Donaldsonville with a powerful battery, and 
 stopped all communications with New Orleans. This cut off our 
 rations, not overabundant before, all at once. We had more than 
 six thousand rebel prisoners to feed ; and they must have full ra- 
 tions, whether we had anything or not. Our men have had the 
 poorest food for a week past they have ever had. It has been so 
 with the chaplain. The commissary has given out. So long as 
 we could buy some bread and very poor butter at fifty cents per 
 pound, we could have a butter toast ; but, when both bread and 
 butter failed and we came down to hard-tack and pork fat, it was 
 a good deal of a falling off. Since Ball substituted pork fat for 
 butter and wormy hard-tack for bread, I have lost my taste for 
 butter toast, and almost everything else, in fact. I told Ball that, 
 when hard-tack became wormy and buggy, I wished he would rap 
 it upon a log and toast it. I have had some tea, one part of 
 which is sage and the rest a concoction of brass kettles and ink. 
 We buy it for black tea. Of all the detestable living I have had 
 has been of late ; and yet I find the fellows every day whom 1 
 invite to dine or sup with me go into ecstasies over the splendid 
 meal they have had, the best they have eaten for weeks, as I have 
 no doubt it is. And then the smells ! Whew ! The rebels left us 
 an inheritance of bad odors which would put Cologne to shame. 
 If you were here, you would have a chance to hear the tallest 
 scolding, fretting, and swearing there is to be had. 
 
 Why don't we start for home ? is the inquiry many times every 
 hour of the day. For these reasons : There is a great deal yet to 
 be done. We can wait. The real reason is it takes time to secure 
 transportation. And it is hot. That don't express it. I cannot 
 express it. The men are still on duty, some on picket and some 
 doing provost duty, — Co. A, for instance. Capt. Long proposes 
 to stay here, and be colonel of the loth Regiment of the native 
 guards, — a first-rate man for the place, a first-rate place for the 
 man. He changed his plans, and will go with us. The "Feds "and 
 "Confeds" meet here on a good degree of equality. Our army are 
 guarding six thousand rebel prisoners. I move about among them 
 very freely, and am much interested in them. The officers are 
 cultivated and refined gentlemen. I cannot say as much of the 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON THE JOURNEY HOME 205 
 
 rank and file. We have heated discussions about the causes of 
 the war. Tlie officers talk intelligently, and are eloquent on the 
 matter of State rights. The others, as far as I can discover, know 
 little of the causes for which they have been fighting, telling us 
 that the " Yankees came down there to steal their niggers. " All 
 these seven thousand are to be sent home, giving their parole not 
 to enter again the service of the Confederacy, and to appear 
 when called for by the Federal government. As though their pa- 
 role would be worth anything ! Capt. Long superintends the parole, 
 and tells me that in some regiments nine-tenths of the men make 
 their mark, as they cannot sign their names. What a contrast ! 
 There are five or six men of foreign birth in our regiment who can- 
 not sign their names, no more. I have had to write a good many 
 letters for our men in hospital, but never for a man who was not 
 able to write his own. The regiment is getting very sickly : ty- 
 phoid and intermittent fevers abound. The three weeks in the 
 trenches are beginning to tell upon the men. Our staying here 
 two or three weeks or going home in two or three days will make 
 a difference of twenty or thirty men more or less. But dinner is 
 ready : I must attend to it ; but it is soon despatched. We are 
 reduced to hard tack, and it is wormy and buggy. I will make 
 up if ever I sit down to one of Bridget's dinners. How it makes 
 my mouth water to think of it! What do you suppose I want 
 most ? Some good mealy potatoes, some peas, some beans and 
 onions. No vegetables do we get, no fruit of any kind. 
 
 We have got together at last all who are able to go by boat up 
 the river. Others go by water, and will probably get home before 
 we do. If they are kept here for a month, it is doubtful if ihey 
 ever see home, Christopher Newton is in the hospital, and prob- 
 ably will not live the day out. Arthur Browning's bones are walk- 
 ing about here. If he can get to Rowe, he can perhaps get some 
 flesh on. His cousin from Colraine is here, more shaky than he. 
 Our hospital here is the old depot building, in which sugar and mo- 
 lasses are stored and meal scattered. But its dirt is not its worst 
 feature. It is a sad place to go. even for a short visit, every day. 
 I have seen more homesick men here than in any other spot. It is 
 a sad place in which to have the fever. The Lord deliver me from 
 such a fate ! I was not very well last week, and Ball thought I 
 was homesick. I had no appetite, and he tried to pamper me with 
 some salt junk and pickles. I feel quite well now. To-day I have 
 distributed a couple of thousand books, tracts, and newspapers 
 
2o6 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 which have just arrived from the Christian Commission. I have 
 gathered all my duds here, and am ready to start on an hour's no- 
 tice. I cannot but think we shall get started this week. But 
 expect me home when you see me. Keep up good cheer. I mean 
 to. Have the boiler full of hot water when I arrive, ready to put 
 me into, and some clean clothes for me to put on. 
 
 July 23, 1863. 
 
 My dear Wife, — I came pretty near beginning this with a fear- 
 ful howl because we do not get away, but at last the order has come 
 to go on board the "Chouteau " at 4 i\m., to start for Cairo. So 
 there is some chance we may see the outside of Port Hudson. We 
 are as anxious to see the outside as we were a few weeks ago to 
 see the inside. It is very hot and sickly. Browning, of Colraine, 
 died this morning. Spencer Phelps, one of the best of our men, 
 also died this morning. I saw him yesterday, and saw that he was 
 very sick. But he told me hopefully that he thought he could 
 stand it one day more. But one of the last duties I am to perform 
 here is to attend his funeral. I am well, but lean and hungry. 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 "Mav II. — Some of us were sent to New Orleans as guard 
 over a large number of prisoners. We went in the evening of the 
 13th, and the next morning were on our way back to Barre's Land- 
 ing. The trip was not a very hard one, but it used me up. Not 
 much seemed to ail me, — only dumb ague, malarial fever, chronic 
 diarrhoea; and, besides, I did not feel very well, so took steam for 
 Brashear City. At this time I weighed one hundred fifty-six pounds, 
 a few weeks later ninety-seven pounds. There I remain in ward fif- 
 teen in the barracks hospital, and saw no more of the regiment till I 
 joined them at Port Hudson. Right here I wish to say a word for 
 the Sisters of Charity during my hospital life. I know them to 
 have been untiring in their efforts to relieve the sick and the suf- 
 fering. No matter what the creed, none applied to them in vain. 
 They are a noble band of self-denying workers. Too much cannot 
 be said in praise of their efforts. 
 
 " I reported for duty July 15. Those who were called well were 
 guarding the works. I was one of those called well. There were 
 no well men. All were used up, and were a sad-looking set. We 
 were informed that, on account of our good record in the depart- 
 ment, we should be the first regiment sent North ; and July 23 we 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON — THE JOURNEY HOME 207 
 
 marched to the river and aboard the steamer ' Harry Chouteau.' 
 We were going home. Do you know what that means to us ? " 
 
 Col. Greenleaf's address at South Deerfield, 1892 : — 
 
 " Comrades of the t^zd Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers, Ladies, 
 and Gentlemen, — Two years ago, upon the occasion of the twenty- 
 fifth annual reunion of the 52d Regiment in Bernardston, I had 
 the honor of reading to those present the second chapter, together 
 with a portion of the third, of my imperfectly written reminiscences 
 of our army experiences on water and land. This brought us 
 down to the surrender of Port Hudson, — the grand result of mili- 
 tary service of the 19th Army Corps in the Department of the 
 Gulf. 
 
 " But little now remains for me to say. Having already de- 
 scribed in a very indifferent manner the more important events in 
 which we took conspicuous part, — commencing with our embarka- 
 tion on the old ocean steamer ' Illinois,' in New York Harbor, 
 and ending, as I said, with the capture of Port Hudson, — it now 
 only remains for me to describe, in the same imperfect manner, our 
 weary yet gladsome journey home. Therefore, a few parting 
 words, and we will proceed homeward. 
 
 " While our army had been laying siege to Port Hudson on the 
 west bank of the river. Gen. Taylor, whom we persuaded to vacate 
 Fort Bisland and then to retire up the Teche to Opelousas, thence 
 to Alexandria, as previously described, had been making things 
 somewhat lively for Banks's remaining force west of the Mis- 
 sissippi at Brashear City and at Donaldsonville and vicinity. 
 
 "About the 20th of June Taylor, having returned with his re- 
 constructed command down the Teche, surprised and captured the 
 Federal garrison at Brashear City, numbering, all told (including 
 convalescents), about fifteen hundred men, together with a large 
 amount of army supplies : thence, moving through La Fourche 
 country, he struck the Mississippi near Donaldsonville, and from 
 that point interrupted our communications with New Orleans. 
 Whereupon, as soon as Port Hudson fell. Gen. Banks again paid 
 his compliments to Gen. Taylor. An expedition requiring all the 
 available river transportation was immediately fitted out, and sent 
 down the river to dislodge Taylor at Donaldsonville, redeem La 
 Fourche country, and recaptur£ Brashear City. 
 
 "In the mean time our convalescents from New Orleans and 
 Baton Rouge were brought up by Surgeon Richardson, members of 
 the regiment on detached service called in, and other necessary 
 
2o8 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 preparations made to embark on the first transport that could be 
 spared us. 
 
 "As will be remembered, our term of service expired during the 
 siege operations ; but, to the honor and glory of all, the regiment 
 remained in the trenches and on other active duty to the end. 
 
 "We were to be the first regiment to ascend the Mississippi 
 River after it had been opened to navigation, but must delay our 
 departure a week or two from want of the necessary transportation. 
 And just here I think it proper to introduce a copy of a letter writ- 
 ten at this time and place by a distinguished l^nion officer, then 
 personally known to many of us, whose name, when I shall speak 
 it, will be recognized by all as that of a most gallant soldier of 
 Western Massachusetts. This letter will serve to explain, in a 
 measure, why it was that the 5 2d was to be the first regiment to 
 return home via the Mississippi, — a circumstance which caused 
 some comment at the time, inasmuch as the term of service of sev- 
 eral other regiments had jireviously expired. The letter reads as 
 follows : — 
 
 " IIkadquarters Dept. of the Gulk, 19TH Army Corps, 
 PuKT Hudson, July 20, 1863. 
 
 "MajorGen. N. p. Banks, commanding Dept. of the Gulf, New 
 Orleans : 
 
 " General, — I inspected the camps, hospitals, kitchens, etc., of 
 Ullman's brigade this morning. They are getting into a pretty 
 good state of police generally. Large mortality from dysentery 
 and measles. 
 
 "There is very considerable disaffection in some of the nine 
 months' regiments. Most of them think of nothing but getting 
 home, without any regard to want of transportation. To-day one 
 company of the 50th Massachusetts mutinied, and refused to do 
 duty. The mutineers were promptly put under guard ; and I have 
 directed Brig.-Gen. Andrews to send them under guard to-day 
 to New Orleans, to be sent to Ship Island for hard labor during 
 the war, subject to your approval. At the same time I have 
 elected the 52d Massachusetts Regiment, in which there has been 
 no instance of refusal to do duty or of insubordination, for im- 
 mediate shipment North, and, without any publication of the fact, 
 have allowed it to be understood that the regiments are to be 
 shipped in such order as to leave those who behave badly to go 
 last. Most of Ullman's brigade are unarmed. Shall the arms 
 and accoutrements of the nine months' men be taken from them? 
 "Very respectfully your obedient servant, 
 
 " Chari-es p. Stone, 
 
 Brigadier- General. 
 
 [Taken from official Records of the Union and Confederate Annies, Series i, 
 vol. xxvi., Part I., p. 648.] 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON THE JOURNEY HOME 209 
 
 "Possibly, in this connection, the following letter written by me 
 to the editor of the Greenfield Gazette and Courier, with respect to 
 this good ' friend at court,' a few months later, may be of some in- 
 terest to his friends who may survive, as well as to the surviving 
 members of the regiment and their friends, many of whom, I know, 
 were the personal friends of Gen. Stone. This letter, although 
 intended for publication, never was published, to my knowledge. 
 Perhaps it was not deemed worthy a place in the columns of the 
 Gazette and Courier during the perilous times in which it was 
 written; but of this you maybe able to judge better than I. It 
 reads thus : — 
 
 " [Copy.] 
 
 " New Orleans, June 10, 1S64. 
 
 " S. S. Eastman, Esq., Editor " Gazette and Courier, Greenfield, 
 Mass.: 
 
 '''■Dear Sir, — I notice, with much pleasure, in the Gazette and 
 Courier of the 23d of May, duly received, an article headed ' Gen, 
 Charles P. Stone,' exonerating him from all responsibility for the 
 disaster which befell our late expedition up Red River. 
 
 " I am pleased, sir, with this article for two reasons : first, be- 
 cause I think it states but the simple truth with regard to Gen. 
 Stone, than whom, I believe, there are but few better soldiers 
 anywhere, and none who came nearer my idea of a gentleman ; and, 
 secondly, because of the ' irrepressible ' interest I feel in the 
 records of all good soldiers from my adopted State, and especially 
 in the records of those from Western Massachusetts. 
 
 " Of Gen. Banks's responsibility in the matter I do not presume 
 to speak. Undoubtedly, it will yet appear that he, too, has been 
 unjustly censured ; but, whoever may have been at fault for the 
 results of that campaign, of one fact you may rest assured, — that 
 person was not Gen. Charles P. Stone. 
 
 " We have unquestionably many excellent officers yet remaining 
 in the Department of the Gulf, — ofBcers well tried and true, and 
 who command the respect and esteem of all who know them ; but 
 I think I speak but the common sentiment of officers and men in 
 this department, when I say that no one of the many is more uni- 
 versally respected and esteemed than Gen. Stone, or more de- 
 servedly so. 
 
 " And I intrude this line upon you at this time, sir, simply as 
 a tribute of justice to one of whom Massachusetts may well be 
 proud, and whom, I believe, history will show to have been greatly 
 wronged. 
 
 " Truly yours, 
 
 " H. S. Greenleaf, 
 
2IO HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 " But 1 digress. The necessary preliminary arrangements having 
 been made, late in the afternoon or evening of the 23d of July, 
 1863, the regiment took passage on the old river steamer ' Henry 
 Chouteau' for Cairo, 111., whence we were to proceed home by 
 rail. A large portion of the steamer — indeed, the most comfort- 
 able portion — was converted into a hospital, and filled with the 
 sick, many of whom were destined never again to cross the 
 threshold of the old homestead, or again to behold the faces of 
 loved ones who were eagerly awaiting their return. 
 
 "Spencer Phelps, of the Northampton company, breathed his 
 last in his tent on this day, while busy preparations were being 
 made to permanently 'break camp.' I saw him in company with 
 Capt. Spaulding, and was recognized by him, as he lay stretched 
 on his rubber blanket, on the ground, a few hours only before we 
 enbarked on the steamer ' Chouteau.' He died in his uniform, a 
 manly man and brave soldier, one of many victims to congestive 
 fever, while others of his comrades were rejoicing in the hope 
 that, having made their last march and fought their last battle in 
 Louisiana, they would soon be welcomed back to family and 
 friends among their native New England hills, in the blessed hope 
 that, having faithfully performed the military duties which had 
 been given them to do, their lives would still be spared to stand 
 erelong once more upon their native heath, beneath our dear New 
 England skies. 
 
 " Our first night on the river was made memorable by the loss of 
 one of the many royal members of the regiment, — Joshua G. Hawks, 
 of the Deerfield company. He was, indeed, a splendid specimen of 
 the Massachusetts volunteer soldier. That other equally splendid 
 specimen of the volunteer soldier. Prof. James K. Hosmer, who 
 served as a corporal of the same company, and who, as we all 
 can testify, stood bravely, manfully, by the colors to the end, thus 
 speaks of his comrade Hawks in his 'Corporal's Notes of Military 
 Service,' entitled * The Color Guard ' (pages 230, 231) : ' Grosvenor 
 Hawks, indeed, my good friend, a high-minded patriot, whose great 
 spirit had carried his feeble body through all our exposures, though 
 pale and haggard, went from man to man, shaking hands. He lay 
 down at night, spreading out his blankets with his old comrades. 
 In the morning his couch lay as he had spread it ; but he was 
 gone, and the eyes of no man have rested upon him since. His 
 was a brave and knightly soul. No doubt he rose in the night, 
 too exultant, perhaps, over the brighter prospects of our great 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON THE JOURNEY HOME 211 
 
 cause, and over the thought that hardship honorably borne was 
 soon to be over, to sleep. The moon, about full, floated gloriously 
 before him in the heavens among the summer clouds, as the 
 " Sangreal, with its veils of white samite," floated before Arthur's 
 pure-souled knights. A misstep with his weak limbs, and he fell 
 overboard into the flood. So our good friend must have perished.' 
 
 "On the 27th of July, while yet on our passage to Cairo, three 
 other ' weary and heavy-laden ' soldiers crossed the dark river on 
 board the ' Henry Chouteau,' — namely, Sylvester Howes, of Co. 
 E, Warren A. Graves, of Co. H, and Henry M. Albee, of Co. 
 B, — making four of our number who died on board the steamer 
 between Port Hudson and Cairo. 
 
 "Natchez, Vicksburg, Memphis, and Island No. Ten were 
 passed in slow succession, with little time for any one on board to 
 go ashore for any purpose. A few of the more able-bodied and 
 enterprising improved their opportunity to visit a portion of the 
 city and fortifications of Vicksburg, but their numbers were indeed 
 few. So worn and weary and sick were most of us that great 
 effort was required to get up much interest on our part, even in so 
 famous a city as this, made more famous by its stubborn and long- 
 continued resistance to Grant, and whose final and unconditional 
 surrender preceded but a few days the surrender of Port Hudson, 
 to which the 52d Regiment had contributed its full share. 
 
 " Is it strange that, under the circumstances, the wonderful, 
 battle-scarred city and fortifications of Vicksburg should have had 
 no attractions for us ? 
 
 " So of Memphis, so of Island No. Ten. We cared little for 
 either as we steamed past : our objective point was Massachusetts ; 
 and nothing could divert our minds from thoughts of home by day, 
 nor our gaze from the north star by night. 
 
 "On the 30th of July — seven days from Port Hudson — we 
 landed at Cairo. And, that my respected hearers not connected 
 with the regiment may have some idea of the slow speed of the 
 ' Chouteau,' I will say that in 1867, four years later, I made the 
 entire distance from New Orleans to Cairo, — one hundred and six- 
 teen miles farther than from Port Hudson, — on the steamer 
 ' Ruth,' in four days and a few hours. 
 
 " We found Gen. Buford, of the Union army, in command of 
 the post at Cairo, and were very kindly received by him and mem- 
 bers of his staff. To him we at once applied for railroad transpor- 
 tation, via the Illinois Central, to Massachusetts; and so promptly 
 
2 12 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 was it furnished that we were able to proceed on our journey the 
 same day, July 30. We were, however, compelled to leave some 
 eighteen of our sick (who were unable to travel by rail at the time) 
 in hospital at Mound City, 111., near Cairo. Fortunately, I am able 
 to give their names. They are as follows : Charles E. Spear, 
 of Shutesbury; J. H. Osmond, of Orange; Amasa A. White, Co. 
 B ; Lorreston Pierce, of Shutesbury ; George F. Bardwell, of Deer- 
 field ; A. B. Goodnough and Charles C. Crittenden, of Conway ; 
 Watson W. Cowles, of Amherst; J. W. P. Wheelock, of Amherst; 
 George M. Smith, of Hadley ; Henry A. Oakley, Hiram M. Bolton, 
 of Winchester, N.H. ; Benjamin Lombard, of Hadley ; Nathan 
 Perkins, Henry G. Claghorn, of Williamsburg ; Edward F. Hale, 
 of Ashfield ; Truman Bowman, of Co. F; and John Bascom, of 
 Montague. George Wait, of Montague, — a noble, big-hearted 
 comrade, who no doubt was as anxious to return to family and 
 friends as others, but able-bodied himself, — magnanimously vol- 
 unteered to remain behind, to care for these more unfortunate 
 comrades. Truman Bowman also volunteered to remain behind 
 to care for the sick. 
 
 " We left these poor fellows in hospital at Mound City, as pre- 
 viously stated, on the 3olh of July, and, with hearts sad on their 
 account, proceeded on our journey home. Our route took us to 
 Mattoon, 111., thence to Indianapolis, Ind., thence to Marion, 
 Ohio, thence to Cleveland, thence to Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, 
 Utica, and Albany, N.Y., thence to Massachusetts. 
 
 " At the beautiful little town of Marion, Ohio, we were met by 
 her citizens with open arms. We were here received with the 
 most generous hospitality, and for the first time since we sailed 
 from New York, Dec. 2, 1862, were most royally entertained, 
 and in a way never to be forgotten. Nothing in the way of whole- 
 some food or drink was too good for the tired and dusty soldier. 
 It was an oasis in the desert ; and to this day I never recall to 
 mind that occasion without a feeling of gratitude for those good 
 people of Marion, not only on my own account, but also in behalf 
 of the regiment." 
 
 From Church's journal : — 
 
 "The deck of the steamer had been occupied by horses, and 
 was not so clean as a decent man would keep his stable with us. 
 At Cairo we were put aboard a train of cars, and were slowly 
 whirled towards home. As we stopped at the stations on the way, 
 the people of the villages crowded about us, and loaded us with 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON — THE JOURNEY HOME 213 
 
 provisions in abundance. We began to think we had reached 
 God's country once more/' 
 
 We reached Westfield, N.Y., before sunrise Sunday morning. 
 There our engine broke down. We knew not how long it would 
 take to repair it ; but, without leave of the officers (we were enter- 
 ing the land of freedom), many of us rushed to the houses of the 
 village, and clamored for food. The inhabitants were still in bed ; 
 but, sticking their heads out of the windows, they saw their village 
 invaded by as dirty and as ragged a set of tramps as their eyes 
 ever rested upon. We made known our wants, and they were 
 hastily supplied, mainly with bread and milk ; for we could not 
 wait for anything else, and hurried back, so as not to lose our 
 train. 
 
 At Albany the chaplain was so fortunate as to get several 
 pails of coffee for the one hundred and fifty sick men aboard. 
 Time was limited ; and he forgot to secure any for himself, and so 
 fasted till the afternoon, when the train stopped for a moment at 
 Pittsfield, where he expended his last five-cent piece in two dough- 
 nuts with which to break a twenty-four hours' fast. 
 
 From Col. Greenleaf : — 
 
 " Soon Cleveland was reached without notable incident, and 
 then in due time — although it seemed to us the slowest on rec- 
 ord — Buffalo. Here, too, as at Marion, we were received by the 
 people with the utmost cordiality, — especially by the whole-souled 
 members of the Rev. Dr. Hosmer's church, — and were gloriously 
 welcomed by them. It was Sunday; and the good Dr. Hosmer, 
 having been notified by his gallant soldier-son — the 'Corporal of 
 the Color Guard ' — of the probable hour of our arrival, the Uni- 
 tarian friends especially flocked from their church to greet us 
 about the hour of one o'clock p.m. The New York Central Railroad 
 Depot had been extemporized, practically, into a mammoth ban- 
 queting hall for our use ; and all the luxuries to be found in that 
 fine market, calculated to tempt the appetite of a half-starved sol- 
 dier, apparently had been supplied in unlimited quantities. No 
 one who never has had army experience similar to ours ever can 
 know how enjoyable was that reception by the kind people of Buf- 
 falo, or how blissful we were made by the banquet in the depot 
 on that second day of August, 1863 ; and God grant that no other 
 body of men, either in blue or gray, shall ever receive, as did the 
 52d Regiment, the preliminary education requisite to the full en- 
 joyment of a reception and banquet like that !" 
 
214 HISTORY OF THE 5 2D REGIMENT 
 
 We reached Buffalo, N.Y., about noon on Sunday, August 2. 
 News of our coming had been telegraphed by Corp. Hosmer 
 to his father, Dr. Hosmer, pastor of the Unitarian church in 
 that city. The minister read the despatch, which was handed 
 to him as he stood in the pulpit, to his audience. Further ser- 
 vices were given up, and the congregation met us at the depot 
 with large supplies of provisions. The people were very much 
 surprised at our haggard appearance. With tears in their eyes, 
 they filled our haversacks, and wished us a fervent Godspeed 
 to our homes. The night of Aug. 3, 1863, we were home again, — 
 a weary, tired, worn, lean, and sick company of men turned 
 old before their time. 
 
 One of the most striking features of our stop at Buffalo was 
 the contrast which the men of the regiment presented to the men 
 who were assembled to greet us. Our men were walking skeletons, 
 — ragged, unkempt beyond words to express. Our appearance 
 would have been ludicrous in the extreme if it had not presented 
 so sad a picture of suffering and privation. The one distinguish- 
 ing feature in our appearance was the great staring eyes of half- 
 starved men. Our hosts were clean, well-fed, well-dressed men. 
 But they treated us with a cordial and abundant hospitality. 
 
 " Bidding the kind friends in Buffalo adieu, we slowly took our 
 way to Rochester, where, for some reason not now remembered, 
 we were detained until some time into the night, during which 
 time, the train being at a standstill and the thermometer in the 
 nineties, we suffered greatly from the excessive heat. Strange to 
 say, it seemed to me that we really suffered quite as much from 
 this cause during our brief stay in Rochester as we ever had done 
 from the same cause in the far distant South. 
 
 " One after the other, Syracuse, Utica, and Albany were reached ; 
 but, as might have been expected, the nearer we got to New Eng- 
 land, the more our train seemed to ' slow up.' No other train in 
 all the world was ever so slow ! Finally, we reach and cross the 
 old Bay State line, and soon after the picturesque town of Hins- 
 dale, the home of some of the 'boys 'of Co. I; and here they 
 leave us, to meet again in Greenfield on the 14th of the month. 
 Springfield comes next. Here we take by the hand a few old 
 friends who have come down the river to meet us, and here tele- 
 grams from still other friends begin to come in. At Greenfield 
 another reception and banquet is to be tendered the Franklin 
 County 'bovs ' who may reach this last station of our long, tedious 
 route. 
 
 k 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON THE JOURNEY HOME 215 
 
 " Co. C, Co. G, Co. H, Co. K, and Co. I leave the train at North- 
 ampton. Comrade Gere, then the late polite and efficient post- 
 postmaster of Baton Rouge, now the accomplished veteran sec- 
 retary and treasurer of the regiment, had anticipated somewhat 
 our arrival. His tall, familiar, commanding figure was the first to 
 greet our longing eyes as we pulled up to the Northampton station. 
 He served his country well ; has served the regiment exceeding 
 well since; is a good citizen; 'and may his shadow never be 
 less ! ' But again I digress. 
 
 " Co. D takes leave of the remaining companies at Deerfield, so 
 that only Co. E, Co. F, Co. B, and Co. A are left to be enter- 
 tained by the dear friends of Greenfield. 
 
 " Thus what remained of this gallant, war-worn, ' schoolmaster ' 
 regiment returned to the place from which, on Nov. 20, 1862, 
 it started for the front, nine hundred and thirty-nine strong, — 
 to the pleasant village in which it was organized; to the lonely 
 camp in which, on the ist of October, 1862, it pitched its first 
 tents, — returned on the third day of August, 1863. 
 
 "The Greenfield Gazette and Courier^ issued a few days later, 
 made mention of the return of this remnant of the regiment in 
 these words : ' The train was met at the depot, at the south of 
 Cheapside bridge, by a large concourse of our citizens, with the 
 band and No. 2 Engine Company bearing torches. As the train 
 came to a stop, the returned volunteers were greeted with loud 
 cheers, and the band struck up "Sweet Home." ' 
 
 " Carriages were on hand to convey the sick to Franklin Hall, 
 which had been converted into a hospital, beds having been placed 
 there and every convenience for sick men, with a plenty of at- 
 tendants, both male and female. The sick were soon conveyed to 
 the hall, where twenty-two of them remained through the night, 
 several being very sick. 
 
 "Those who were able to ride were taken home by their friends. 
 Those of the regiment who were well were escorted to Washington 
 Hall, where our citizens had set tables loaded with refreshments 
 of all kinds, which were partaken of with the relish of hungry men. 
 The hall was filled to its utmost capacity with the friends of the 
 soldiers from this and the neighboring towns, and their greeting 
 was a hearty one. 
 
 "There were some sad hearts present, however, A father, a 
 wife, and brothers first heard on the arrival of the regiment, or 
 by telegraph while waiting its arrival, of the death of a son, 
 
2l6 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 husband, or brother whom they had come into the village to wel- 
 come home." 
 
 From Col. Greenleaf : — 
 
 " We numbered on our return seven hundred and ninety-four, all 
 told, eighty-five of our number having died of disease, and eleven 
 having been killed in battle, or died from wounds received in 
 battle. 
 
 "Monday evening, August 3, the regiment, what was left of it, 
 was met at the south end of Cheapside bridge (the bridge had 
 been burned a few days before) by a large concourse of our 
 citizens with a band ; and, when the train came to a stop, the return 
 volunteers were greeted with loud cheers as the band struck up 
 ' Sweet Home.' Those of the regiment who were able were es- 
 corted to Washington Hall, where the citizens had set tables 
 loaded with refreshments of all kinds, to be partaken of with the 
 relish of hungry men. Among the multitude present there were 
 some sad hearts, a father, a wife, and sisters, first hearing, on 
 the arrival of the regiment, or by telegraph while waiting its 
 arrival, of the death of a son, husband, or brother whom they had 
 come into the village to welcome home. One father exclaimed 
 with choked utterance, ' I came here expecting to welcome my 
 son alive and well, but he is dead.' Another was informed that 
 his only son had been left behind in a low condition. 
 
 " But few changes had been made in the field, staff, or line, from 
 the time of our organization in October, 1862, as a regiment, to 
 the expiration of our term of service in 1863 ; and, as our term of 
 service had long since expired, it now only remained for us to be 
 formally ' mustered out,' and this was done in due form on the 
 fourteenth day of August, each discharged soldier receiving a cer- 
 tificate of honorable discharge. 
 
 "Thus ends my somewhat disconnected reminiscences of the 
 52d Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, — as fine a regiment, 
 I believe, as ever was mustered into the service of the United 
 States. I would that these reminiscences were more worthy of 
 your consideration ; but, such as they are, you now have them with 
 my earnest blessing. 
 
 " You, my old comrades, like myself, entered the service of our 
 country from patriotic motives, with little knowledge of the art of 
 war. You left that service with honor to yourselves, a chivalrous 
 body of men, accomplished soldiers, well versed in that art. From 
 that memorable day you have properly taken rank with the ' Veter- 
 ans of the Union Army.' 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON THE JOURNEY HOME 217 
 
 " Claiming nothing for myself, but speaking rather in your be- 
 half in what I now have to say, what patriotic heart, let me ask, 
 would not be stirred as are uttered these most eloquent words, 
 ' Veterans of the Union Army ' ? We are thrilled again with high 
 resolves, we hear again the bugle-call, we view again the mar- 
 shalled hosts. Do people realize what these silent words, ' Veter- 
 ans of the Union Army,' imply ? Do they realize that these five 
 words stand for whole volumes of the most thrilling American 
 history, both written and unwritten ? That better and more truly 
 than any others can these words express love of country, loyalty to 
 the old flag 1 They tell the story of desolate hearthstones and 
 sundered family ties ; of bereaved parents, weeping children, dis- 
 consolate maidens ; of physical daring and courage unsurpassed in 
 the history of the world ; of mental and physical suffering greater 
 than men could bear. 
 
 " They speak of the sentry's midnight watch ; of the attack, the 
 repulse, the retreat ; of the clash of arms, the ' hum ' and ' ziz ' 
 of musket-shot, the roar of cannon, the shriek of murderous 
 shell, the dying and the dead. They recall Sherman's grand 
 march to the sea. They remind us of the unmerciful forced march 
 beneath a broiling Southern summer's sun ; of the far-off, tented 
 field ; of the ever-present ambulance ; of the military hospital ; of 
 the Confederate prison \ of ignominious defeat ; of glorious victory ! 
 They tell the story of Fair Oaks and Malvern Hill ; of Manassas 
 and Antietam; of Shiloh and Gettysburg; of Chattanooga and 
 Cold Harbor ; of Vicksburg, and Port Hudson and Red River ; 
 of New Orleans and Mobile ; of Savannah and Charleston and 
 Richmond. 
 
 " Except for the ' Veterans of the Union Army, ' what, think 
 you, would long since have become of our boasted republican 
 form of government, of our beloved Union under the Constitution, 
 of the great United States of America ? This magnificent country 
 of ours, greater and grander far than any other on the face of 
 the globe, whether ruled by queen or king or president,— now in 
 fact, as heretofore in 7iame, ' the land of the free and home of the 
 brave,' — in my humble judgment, owes more of its genuine prosper- 
 ity, more of its true glory, to the patriotic service of the ' Veterans 
 of the Union Army ' in ' the days that tried men's souls ' than ever 
 can be paid. 
 
 " Still claiming nothing for myself, let me say that, do what we 
 may and can for those who survive, they and their children and 
 their children's children will be their country's creditors still. 
 
2l8 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 " And that all the blessings of liberty and union secured to us 
 by the valor of our Union soldiers, during the late war, may be 
 vouchsafed to each succeeding generation in all the years to come, 
 will never cease to be the hope of every true patriot in the land, — 
 yea, of every genuine lover of mankind in other lands ! 
 
 "To this end, let all who crave these inestimable blessings, now 
 and forever, stand firmly by the principles of the Declaration of 
 Independence and the Constitution and laws of the United 
 States. 
 
 " Unselfishly, we rendered military service : unselfishly, let us 
 now render r/W/ service." 
 
 One of the pleasant duties of the chaplain was to serve as post- 
 master to the regiment. Preaching sermons was a subordinate 
 duty : very few sermons were preached. While the regiment was 
 in camp at Baton Rouge, we sent away about 300 letters a day. 
 We received as many as we sent. The mails of course were very 
 irregular, and no conjecture could be formed when one would arrive. 
 Ours were usually brought by the steamer " Iberville " ; and, when 
 her deep puffs were heard at a distance down the river, they never 
 failed to make a commotion in camp. " A mail ! a mail ! " was 
 heard from all quarters ; and, whether by day or by night, there was 
 no peace till the mail was secured. The chaplain on his black 
 horse — on the whole, an honored member of the regiment, in spile 
 of her occasional pranks — hurried to the landing two miles away, 
 and sometimes returned as empty as he went, and at other times 
 leading his horse, while two men walked by her side to hold the 
 plethoric mail-bags from falling to the ground. The arrival in 
 camp under these conditions was a grand triumphal march, in 
 which the cheers of the men were liberally bestowed on the chap- 
 lain, his horse, and the load. One must have been a stranger in 
 a strange land to appreciate the welcome given to a mail from 
 home. The arrival of the mail was the happiest event in our 
 army life. 
 
 After the mail was disposed of, the chaplain must make the 
 rounds of the various hospitals, of which there were several in 
 Baton Rouge, and always crowded with patients. Here he must 
 find and look to the wants of all members of the 5 2d Regiment 
 who were so unfortunate as to be consigned to the hospital. The 
 regimental hospital was an empty saloon called the " Rainbow," 
 
WITHIN PORT HUDSON — THE JOURNEY HOME 219 
 
 in which we had twenty or thirty, sometimes fifty, sick men lying 
 upon the floor, with their blankets for their beds and their knap- 
 sacks for their pillows. In various other places, especially the 
 general hospital, in which several hundred sick men were congre- 
 gated, the boys of the 5 2d Regiment were to be found. All these 
 the chaplain must visit as often as he could. Sometimes he had 
 only a word to speak, a question to ask ; at other times to deliver 
 or receive messages, read or write letters ; sometimes a prayer to 
 offer or advice to give ; sometimes a word of cheer and hope of a 
 speedy recovery to whisper into the ear, but whispered so silently 
 that the next comrade could not hear it, for to him no word of 
 hope of recovery could be spoken. It was not much the chaplain 
 could do, but I am sure the word of sympathy was not spoken in 
 vain. These visits to the hospital were sad occasions. The loneli- 
 ness of the men, their homesickness, the absence of home comforts, 
 made their cases in times of sickness very trying. After these 
 visits were over for the day there followed an experience even 
 more depressing. Death overtook many of our men as the result 
 of the great change of climate and the exposures of camp life. 
 For two months of our stay in winter quarters in Baton Rouge a 
 funeral was almost a daily occurrence. Nothing could be more sad 
 and solemn than these military funerals. A procession of soldiers 
 with arms reversed, muffled drums and fifes playing a funeral 
 march, a baggage wagon drawn by two mules, containing the body 
 of our dead comrade, laid in a rude pine box, a few intimate friends 
 of his company, and lastly the chaplain on horseback, — such a 
 procession made its way almost daily, sadly and slowly, to the lit- 
 tle cemetery just outside the city, which had once been neatly kept, 
 but now the fences had been torn down, the paths neglected, and 
 everywhere were signs of the desolation war leaves in its path. A 
 brief service was held at the grave, a volley fired over it, and in a 
 few days a pine board rudely lettered would mark the spot. After 
 we had entered into more active service and had become more in- 
 ured to scenes of death, the funerals were far less formal, and at 
 last well-nigh ceased altogether. 
 
 I cannot bring these reminiscences, both sad and pleasant, to 
 an end without testifying to the almost universal cheerfulness of 
 the men in the most trying circumstances. The grumbling was 
 mostly when the men were well-fed and idle in camp. The sickness 
 and hardship were courageously borne. Men under these condi- 
 tions seldom regretted that they had enlisted, even when death 
 
220 HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 was Staring them in the face. To my oft-repeated question to sick 
 men, lying upon the ground with no bed but their blankets and no 
 pillow but their knapsack, if I could do anything for them, the 
 usual answer was, " No, nothing : I have all I need." They 
 seemed to appreciate the fact that there was little we could do. 
 I should like to speak of individual instances of patience and hero- 
 ism, but must forbear. And I close by bearing testimony to the 
 kind treatment and courtesy which all the members of the regi- 
 ment manifested toward the chaplain. They were ready to help 
 me in every way they could. They were all to me as personal 
 friends, and I shall remember to the end of life the thousand 
 acts of kindness and good will I received alike from ofticers and 
 soldiers of the 52d Regiment. 
 
ROSTER 
 
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NOTES 
 
NOTES. 
 
 NOTE A. 
 
 Lieut. Col. Samuel John Storrs was born in Holliston, Nov. 22, 1837. 
 He graduated from Amherst College in i860, and at once became prin- 
 cipal of the High School in Amherst, and remained such until his en- 
 listment. He was a successful teacher, and gained the respect and 
 good will, not only of his pupils, but of the citizens of the town. He 
 was highly esteemed by them all. After his enlistment in Co. G the 
 choice fell on Col. Storrs almost unanimously for captain, and the com- 
 pany congratulated itself on its fortune in securing a leader of such 
 sterling qualities. These admirable characteristics and his fine form 
 soon attracted the attention of the line officers ; and, when the field offi- 
 cers were chosen, he was made lieutenant colonel. This promotion was 
 a severe disappointment to Co. G, and placed it at a disadvantage until 
 the gallant Capt. George S. Bliss was found. The company testified to 
 their appreciation of their promoted captain by presenting him with a 
 sword and a sash appropriate to his new rank. Col. Storrs's services 
 with the regiment are known to the whole command, and need not be 
 reviewed here. He was always ready for every service required of him, 
 faithful in the discharge of every duty, and conscientious above most 
 men in all his official acts. After the return of the regiment he went 
 to New York City, studied law at Columbia College Law School, and 
 was admitted to the bar in 1S66. His life from that time was spent in 
 that city in the practice of his chosen profession. He led a quiet, 
 unpretending life, and made many firm and lasting friends. His clients 
 were business men, and became warmly attached to him ; and he had 
 their confidence in an unusual degree. He was a sound lawyer, a 
 man of cool and reliable judgment, and of sterling integrity. Of one 
 thing his clients and friends were sure, he could be thoroughly trusted. 
 His prominent characteristic was his conscientiousness. No man had 
 a more manly or more sterling character than he. He was active in 
 church work and in all good works of every kind, — a thorough, Chris- 
 tian gentleman. May 21, 1871, he married Miss Julia A. Lamont, of 
 New York. He died July 23, 1892, from heart failure, resulting from 
 a severe surgical operation, from which recovery was confidently ex- 
 pected. He was an active member of the Loyal Legion. 
 
liv HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 NOTE B. 
 
 JefEord Marshall Decker, adjutant of the regiment, was born in 
 Wiscasset, Me., March 6, 1814, and was a soldier both by nature and 
 education. For thirty (30) years before the war for the Union he had 
 been an active member of the Massachusetts State Militia. He had 
 served as captain of a company in Lawrence, captain of Co. G in 
 Greenfield, and colonel of the loth Regiment. In addition to these 
 thirty years militia service, he had held the commission of lieutenant 
 colonel of the loth Regiment .Massachusetts Volunteers during thirteen 
 (13) months' active service in the field, prior to his enlistment in the 
 52d Regiment. 
 
 While the Army of the Potomac was in camp at Brightwood, D.C., 
 during the winter of '61-62, Lieut. Col. Decker was temporarily assigned 
 to the command of the 7th Massachusetts Regiment, which position he 
 filled most acceptably. He served with distinction in this army until 
 the 31st of May, 1S62, on which day the battle of Fair Oaks was fought. 
 Soon after this, on the 17th of July, his health having failed him, he 
 was honorably discharged the service. 
 
 During Decker's long experience as private, captain, and colonel in 
 the militia organizations of the State he not only thoroughly mastered 
 Scott's "Military Tactics," — recognized as the best military authority 
 of the times, — but also became thoroughly familiar with the "Army 
 Regulations," published by the government for the regulation and 
 government of the armies of the United States. 
 
 This knowledge, so essential to the efficient soldier, thus obtained, 
 was utilized to the fullest e.xtent by him as drill-master and dis- 
 ciplinarian. 
 
 Soon after his discharge from the Army of the Potomac permission 
 was given by Gov. Andrew to raise the 52d Regiment, with the privi- 
 lege of electing its own line and field officers. When the line officers 
 had been elected by their respective companies, it became necessary for 
 them to elect the several field officers ; and, as Decker had, in the mean 
 time, so far recovered his health as to be willing to re-enter the service 
 of his country, certain of the line officers naturally sought to give him 
 the command of the new regiment. But, upon being informed of this 
 fact, his Excellency Gov. Andrew authorized the statement that he 
 should refuse to commission him, for the reason that reports had reached 
 him to the effect that " Decker had shown the white feather at Fair 
 Oaks ! " This announcement from Gov. Andrew, as was intended, 
 proved fatal to the wishes of Decker and his friends as to the colonelcy, 
 whereupon the captain of Co. E, who had not sought or expected the 
 honor, was nominated for, and in due time elected, commander of the 
 regiment. 
 
NOTES IV 
 
 The newly elected colonel, desiring to secure for the regiment the 
 benefit of Col. Decker's invaluable services, appointed him quarter- 
 master. The patriotic and conscientious governor peremptorily refused 
 to commission him, and for the same reason previously given; namely, 
 alleged misconduct in the presence of the enemy. 
 
 When this decision of Gov. Andrew was made known to Decker, 
 he said firmly : " Well, colonel, I will go with you, anyway. If I cannot 
 go as quartermaster, I will go with you as a private. Please let me 
 see the enlistment roll ! " The roll was handed him, and without a 
 moment's hesitation he signed his name to it. 
 
 This manly and courageous act on the part of Decker greatly moved 
 Col. Greenleaf, so that, still believing in his innocence, and still deter- 
 mined, if possible, to avail himself of the services of this soldier on his 
 staff, he at once resolved on the vindication of his would-be quarter- 
 master from the unjust charge of cowardice. With this object in view, 
 he at once called upon the late Wendell T. Davis, Esq., of Greenfield. 
 A mutual friend made known to him the situation, expressed to him 
 briefly his confidence in Decker and his desire to make him a member 
 of his staff, and requested him (Davis) to go immediately to the Army 
 of the Potomac then in Virginia, and obtain for him duly executed 
 affidavits from members of the loth Massachusetts Volunteers with re- 
 spect to Decker's conduct at Fair Oaks. Mr. Davis generously com- 
 plied with this request, and forthwith started for the front. No time 
 was to be lost. The enlistment roll was signed in the morning, and Mr. 
 Davis left Greenfield on his patriotic mission in the evening of the 
 same day. 
 
 In a few days he returned, bringing with him the desired affidavits 
 from officers of the loth Massachusetts who were cognizant of the facts, 
 including one from Gen. Henry S. Briggs, who had commanded the regi- 
 ment up to the day that the battle was fought. These affidavits, four 
 or five in number, were all in Decker's favor. They exonerated him 
 fully and completely from the charge that had reached the governor's 
 ears. 
 
 Col. Greenleaf promptly laid these affidavits before his Excellency in 
 person. They had much the intended effect. They were sufficient to 
 satisfy Gov. Andrew that the charge of "white feather" against Lieut. 
 Col. Decker was unfounded ; and yet he was still unwilling to confirm 
 the appointment of quartermaster, on the ground that that position 
 would not enable him to sufficiently prove his courage, which was the 
 point in question. Accordingly, the appointment of quartermaster was 
 withdrawn, and Private Decker was appointed adjtitant of the regiment, 
 which position he cheerfully accepted, and in due time was commissioned 
 by the good governor as such. 
 
 Rarely, if ever, in the histor}^ of this country, either in peace or war, 
 has the ofiice of adjutant been filled by a better soldier than was Jefford 
 
Ivi HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Marshall Decker. He served the 52d Regiment most faithfully and 
 efificiently from the time it left Camp Miller, November, 1862, until the 
 13th of June, 1863, when, his health having again failed him, the colonel 
 ordered him to the hospital in the rear. From that date he never saw 
 another well day. He died — this genial, kindly, resolute soldier, one 
 of the many martyrs to the Union cause — at Salem, Mass., Jan. i, 1870. 
 
 NOTE C. 
 
 Alanson B. Long was born in Greenfield, Franklin County, Mass., 
 A.D. 1837. His father, Lemuel Long, was a farmer, genial and hospita- 
 ble, from whom the son inherited in a large degree that spirit of good 
 fellowship which was one of his strong characteristics. Of the fond, 
 devoted mother, we have only to say that she was all that sacred name 
 implies. By energetic effort, Alanson succeeded in obtaining the advan- 
 tages of a liberal education, and in due time graduated from Dartmouth 
 College and entered Harvard Law School. Here, unfortunately, he over- 
 tasked himself and at the age of twenty-four was smitten with paraly- 
 sis. After months of suffering he so far regained his strength as to 
 make a sailing voyage to Europe and California, by which he was 
 greatly benefited. On his return to New England he had so far re- 
 covered as to be able to enter upon the duties of principal of the 
 Greenfield High School, which position he was occupying when the 
 52d Regiment was recruited in the counties of Franklin and Hampshire. 
 He at once enlisted, and accepted the captaincy of Co. A. His life as 
 a soldier is briefly told. 
 
 Untiring in his devotion to duty, Capt. Long looked carefully after 
 the welfare of the men under his command, and most cheerfully met 
 every demand made upon him while in the service, even rising from his 
 sick-bed in the hospital, at Port Hudson at midnight, and walking three 
 miles to join his regiment, when he learned it had been ordered to par- 
 ticipate in the memorable assault of the 14th of June, 1863. 
 
 After the return of the 52d to Massachusetts Capt. Long read law for 
 a time in the ofiice of Judge E. R. Hoar, but soon returned South, where 
 he ultimately finished his law studies in the University of Louisiana, and 
 was admitted, April, 1866, to the Louisiana bar, before which he became 
 a successful practitioner. At the time of his death he was United States 
 District Attorney of Louisiana, and his prospects were bright for a long 
 and honorable career. To quote from an article published in the New 
 Orleans Picayiine soon after his decease : " He was a very handsome 
 man, considerably above the ordinary stature, well built, with an ex- 
 tremely pleasant and open countenance, bright, dark eyes, and genial 
 smile. His manner even to acquaintances was exceedingly cordial; and. 
 
NOTES IVU 
 
 even when pressed with business, he found time to give a pleasant greet- 
 ing or to impart any information. . . . He never forgot that he was a 
 gentleman ; and the best evidence of this lies in the fact that here in the 
 South, which he had aided to overcome, there lives not a human being 
 who knew him but entertained the kindliest feeling for him." Alas 
 that this life so bright and full of grand possibilities was so soon to be 
 closed on earth ! Ever faithful to duty, Capt. Long was true to the grave 
 responsibilities of the district attorney's office, which at that time — 
 soon after the close of tlie war — were extremely trying and compli- 
 cated. There had always lingered about him traces of his paralytic 
 trouble, which manifested itself in a noticeable thickening of his 
 speech when he was overfatigued ; and the arduous duties of his posi- 
 tion brought on a fresh disturbance of his nervous system, resulting in 
 his death in New Orleans, Oct. 30, 1870. A post tnortem examination 
 revealed the fact that the membranes of the brain were congested, and 
 that there was an effusion on the brain of about four ounces of serum. 
 The physician who reported the autopsy closed his report with these 
 words : " A brain of the size of his, and of so fine a quality and surface, 
 is a sure indication of great mental power and splendid intellect, and 
 could his life have been spared, in health of body, years would have 
 developed him a man of gigantic powers of mind." 
 
 This sketch of one of nature's noblemen, whose earth life closed when 
 he was but thirty-three years of age, would be incomplete without a 
 word respecting his integrity and his unselfishness. Men of business in 
 New Orleans have spoken of his integrity as something phenomenal. 
 Standing where others fell amid the temptations that surrounded young 
 men in the South during this transition period, Alanson B. Long never 
 forgot the purity of his New England home training. His manliness 
 had ever the true ring. Of his forgetfulness of self, those who were 
 the recipients of his tender care and devotion will ever bear witness. 
 The last time he was in Greenfield, August, 1870, he lifted the mort- 
 gage from his father's farm, and evidenced his provident care for his 
 only sister. At this time he said to a friend, " I think I have made all 
 comfortable, and I can now begin to plan a home life for myself." Once 
 before, in a conversation with this friend, he had said, " I have looked 
 death in the face every day for too many years to have it seem alto- 
 gether that of a foe." Perhaps on that sad October afternoon, when 
 Death found him quite alone, it seemed to his tired eyes the face of a 
 friend. Brave, tender, manly soul ! Massachusetts sent out in the 52d 
 Regiment no worthier son. 
 
Iviii HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 NOTE D. 
 
 THE EPISODE OF PATRICK COXOLLY. 
 
 After we had been in camp several weeks and had received several ^ 
 mails from home, I saw a little Irish fellow, Pat Conolly, looking sad 
 and disconsolate, while the others were reading their freshly received 
 letters. I asked him if he had not received any letters that morning. 
 He replied : " No. There is no one to write to me. I never had a 
 letter in my life." "Have you no relatives?" I asked. "No," he 
 said, " not one." I learned his story, and took care ever afterward to 
 have a kind word for him whenever I met him, which he repaid with the 
 abundant affection of a warm and generous nature. If, when on guard 
 or picket, he was able to secure a canteen of milk or some fresh eggs, 
 he was careful to see that the chaplain had a share. On the night after 
 the battle at Irish Bend 1 secured a length of rail fence for my own use, 
 while the rest was speedily turned into kindling-wood, to cook the coffee 
 for supper. I took off the top rails and laid them over the bottom ones 
 to secure a shelter for the night. While thus employed, Pat came up, 
 and said he was looking for me, as he had heard I was sick and without 
 any blanket. I told him it was true. I was a good deal used up, and 
 my blanket was on my horse, and the horse had been left behind, and 
 would not be up for a day or two. Pat at once offered to share his 
 blanket with me. I declined, as kindly as I could. Pat was not neat ; 
 and I knew that, if I accepted his offer to share his blanket, I should 
 have more bed-fellows than I wanted. The next morning we were 
 aroused before sunrise. As I crawled out from under the rails, Pat 
 stood by waiting to offer to carry my haversack. He had his own gun, 
 cartridge-box, knapsack, and haversack to carry. I told him we were to 
 have a forced march that day, and he must look out for himself. He 
 was heavily loaded. I had nothing but my empty haversack. It was a 
 hard march. At night our horses came up, and I had a blanket to wrap 
 about me as we lay in an open field. 
 
 The ne.xt day I found Pat, as our straggling line made its way over 
 the broad plains of Western Louisiana. He had confiscated a horse, 
 which he was leading by a rope. Too unselfish to ride, he had piled as 
 many knapsacks of Co. B's men as he could upon the horse, and thus 
 relieved the tired and foot-sore men of a portion of their burden. At 
 night Pat's horse and the chaplain's were tied side by side, and shared 
 their rations between them, Pat close by as guard to both. The next 
 day came an order to have all confiscated horses turned over to the 
 quartermaster. I was eager to save Pat's horse for the good he was 
 doing the company in carrying their knapsacks. While I was meditat- 
 ing how we could save the horse, the quartermaster rode up, and ordered 
 
NOTES . ^i'"^ 
 
 the knapsacks off and the horse turned over to him. Some one near 
 me called out, " That is the lieutenant colonel's horse, sir." " Well, let 
 him go then," replied the quartermaster. It was a stretch of the truth, 
 but it was not the first time the truth was stretched all it would bear 
 during the war. Pat kept his horse through all that long march, and 
 then turned him over to the quartermaster. 
 
 All went well with Pat till the siege of Port Hudson. On the day 
 before the assault of the 14th of June Pat was made very happy by the 
 arrival of two letters which I had caused to be written to him, one by 
 my wife. He showed them to me with great delight. He passed un- 
 scathed through the fierce battle of June 14. But the next day, as he 
 lay behind a log, quite near the enemy's works, he thought he saw a 
 head he could hit. He fired, and, in the excitement, popped up his own 
 head to see if he had hit anything. A dozen bullets flew at him, and 
 one struck him in the forehead and killed him instantly. The following 
 night two men crept in to where the body lay. They found in his 
 pockets the cherished letters. That was all. They threw a few shovels 
 of earth over the dead body ; and that was the last of the good-natured, 
 affectionate, unselfish, friendless Irish boy, Pat Conolly. There was no 
 one at home to mourn his death. I shall always cherish his memory 
 with tender affection. 
 
 NOTE E. 
 
 Rodolphus D. Fish was with the regiment on the expedition to 
 Jackson Cross Roads. Being sick at the time, he was ordered into 
 one of the wagons, and carried some distance by the panic-stricken 
 colored mule-driver. While waiting for the regiment to come up, he 
 and others were taken prisoners. His own account of his experience 
 as a prisoner is as follows : — 
 
 " Shortly there was a dire commotion, — a volley of musketry, — and 
 we were prisoners, rifled of our belongings, made to mount the teams as 
 drivers, dash through an opening in the fence, across fields, through 
 streams. We finally came upon a road running northward. Such was 
 the haste that the mules must not drink while fording the stream ; and 
 thus we drove till near midnight, so exhausted that in slipping from the 
 saddle I fell on the ground asleep, and lay in the wet sand without cov- 
 erino- till daylight, dreaming of the springs of cool water in Franklin 
 County. 
 
 "At dawn we remounted, and about noon reached their camp near 
 Woodville, Miss., having been shamefully treated. At one time a guard 
 raised his carbine and threatened to shoot me ; but God kept my heart 
 in perfect peace. Here we were more carefully searched, losing many 
 
Ix HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 valuables, after which they fed us with sour pone, and then prepared for 
 an early start on Monday for Jackson. During the night I got an ear 
 of corn to gnaw upon. At early dawn some fifty of us were hustled into 
 a few wagons, and the third day reached a small village, thence by rail 
 to Jackson, having had one small meal a day. At Jackson we were 
 searched again, with a revolver in the face. Pockets, stripes, and 
 linings yielded a harvest of money and keepsakes, my watch among 
 the rest. Here they issued dry meal, giving no facilities for cooking. 
 Before the search I had sent a black boy found hanging round out to 
 secure some food, giving him a pocket-glass for pay. After three hours 
 he returned with two pones, saying he got fifty cents for the glass and 
 gave the whole for the food, which, divided between the boy and a few 
 men, soon disappeared. 
 
 " Leaving Comrade Dickinson in the hospital, the day following we 
 took rail for Mobile, being treated on the way with raw bacon, and 
 assured that once we reached the city they would serve us with coffee, 
 — corn-meal coffee. Our portion here was a fair lunch a day in three 
 pieces, six hours apart. 
 
 "The fourth day our number increased to one hundred and fifty. 
 We started by rail for Richmond, passing through Montgomery, Macon, 
 Columbia, and on the fourth day reached Raleigh, N.C., where they fed 
 us with four hard-tack, the first food since we started, although each 
 day we passed throuiih cities having commissary stores, having been 
 twice marched to the doors thereof and refused. How we begged to 
 jump from the box-cars and eat the luscious dewberries growing pro- 
 fusely by the track. But no ! 
 
 " From Raleigh we slowly steamed away to Petersburg, reaching the 
 city at dawn. All was excitement. One of our army divisions was 
 hovering around Richmond, while the conflict raged at Gettysburg and 
 the railway was taxed to its utmost capacity to carry every boy that 
 could hold a gun to the defence of the capital. So it was nearly night 
 when we were taken in by a train following one loaded with paroled 
 Confederates. Six miles out of Richmond the first engine exploded, 
 injuring many poor boys ; and we marched in on the track, and were 
 quartered in an old tobacco warehouse, opposite Thunder Castle. 
 
 '• In the morning the authorities searched us again with brutal treat- 
 ment, after which we pinched ourselves to see if the bones were left. 
 
 "To our astonishment and joy, in the afternoon we were herded with 
 some fourteen hundred more Yankee prisoners they dare not keep in 
 the city, and taken in and on box and platform cars to City Point for 
 parolement, via Lynchburg and Petersburg. 
 
 " Coming around the curve in sight of the dear old flag on the steamer, 
 and the stars and bars on the bluff, the rebs began to cheer, and the 
 Yankee skeletons jumped to their feet and three times drowned their 
 huzzas. How we hustled on board ! and. while pushing out from the 
 
NOTES Ixi 
 
 wharf, were fed each with half of a large loaf of nice, clean, white bread, 
 a large slice of ham, and a cup of hot coffee that was coffee. Down I 
 sat upon the deck, and praised God. Did anything ever look or taste so 
 good ? 
 
 "Taken to the parole camp at Annapolis, clothed in new garments, 
 fed two weeks, sent home, the goodies provided all the way, the 
 happy greetings at Greenfield, Shelburne Falls, and home, and the thou- 
 sand and one questions about the regiment, which arrived three weeks 
 later, — these you must imagine." 
 
 NOTE F. 
 
 RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE SOPHOMORE CLASS OF AMHERST 
 
 COLLEGE. 
 
 Whereas our beloved friend and classmate, Alfred Dwight Clapp, has 
 been removed by death, 
 
 Resolved^ That we acknowledge the Infinite Providence in this afflic- 
 tion, and bow in submission to the divine will. 
 
 Resolved, That we mourn the loss of a dear friend and brother, whose 
 upright and honorable character won for him our respect and confidence. 
 
 Resolved, That in his death, occasioned by disease contracted in the 
 arduous and exhausting duties of a soldier's life, we see a noble life 
 sacrificed in his country's cause. 
 
 CAPT. GEORGE S. BLISS. 
 
 Capt. George S. Bliss was born in Northampton, Dec. 22, 1839. He 
 was educated in the public schools of Northampton, and from the earliest 
 boyhood gave promise of a noble and manly character. 
 
 On the breaking out of the war he enlisted, June 21, 1861, in Co. C, 
 loth Regiment, and served with that noted regiment through the dreadful 
 Peninsula Campaign. He took part in the battles of Yorktown, Will- 
 iamsburg, Malvern Hill, and Fair Oaks, where he was slightly wounded. 
 He was strongly attached to the loth, and his experience there did much 
 to fit him for the position he afterward held as captain of Co. G, 52d 
 Regiment. In consequence of his wound he received a brief furlough, 
 and came home to Northampton. At that time Co. G was " in search for 
 a captain." Capt. Storrs had been promoted lieutenant colonel. His 
 successor was mustered out of service while the regiment was at Camp 
 
Ixii HISTORY OF THE 52D REGIMENT 
 
 Miller. George S. Bliss, a sergeant of the loth, was at home, and was 
 highly recommended to fill the vacant office in Co. G, and was immedi- 
 ately chosen captain. He resigned his place in the loth, and was com- 
 missioned and entered upon his office two days before the regiment left 
 for the front. He was a brave and skilful officer, kind and considerate 
 for his men, an excellent drill-master, and deeply interested in the well- 
 being of any man under his command. He gained the respect and love 
 of every one in his company. No sacrifice was too great for them to 
 make for him. 
 
 On the 13th of June he said to his company: "We are going into 
 battle in the morning. Every man must do his duty. There must Ise 
 no skulking. A dead soldier is better than a living coward." On the 
 following day, while leading liis company, he received a wound in his 
 breast, which resulted in his death on the i6th. In a letter written 
 home on the 13th he says: "I am not eager to see the fighting; but, if 
 ordered in, I shall try to do my duty. If it be my fate to fall, be assured 
 you shall have no reason to be ashamed of my record." In his death 
 Co. G and the whole regiment lost one of its bravest and most efficient 
 officers. 
 
 NOTE G. 
 
 Two Bibles were sent to Col. Greenleaf at the time the regiment was 
 organized, to be given to the two most deserving soldiers. Just before the 
 regiment started for home a meeting of the staff was held to dispose 
 of these two Bibles. One was unanimously voted to Edgar G. Pomeroy, 
 of Co. G, who had served as orderly sergeant. The other was given to 
 James K. Hosmer, of the Color Guard, for his valuable services as nurse 
 in the hospitals, especially at Springfield Landing. 
 
 NOTE H. 
 
 Daniel VV. Lyman, of Co. K, was one of the youngest men in the regi- 
 ment, — a few months more than eighteen when he enlisted, — a native of 
 Easthampton. He was a frequent correspondent of the Northampton 
 Gazette. A soldier faithful in all his duties. Worn out by the march 
 from Barre Landing, he was sent to a hospital in New Orleans, and so 
 far recovered that he joined his regiment shortly before the assault on 
 Port Hudson. A conscientious. Christian man, constantly grieved that 
 so much needless work was put upon the soldiers on Sunday, and that 
 so many battles were fought on that day. In an extract from a letter 
 
NOTES Ixiii 
 
 written to his father June i6th, he is told that " Daniel was one of 
 the victims of the disastrous assault upon the rebel works made last 
 Sunday. He was instantly killed, and afterwards buried by his com- 
 rades on the spot where he fell. Your son had carried himself bravely 
 and manfully in this campaign. He was interested in all that was done 
 for the religious welfare of the regiment. He was led by the noblest 
 sentiments of patriotism to devote himself to this cause, and you may 
 well feel that he is a sacrifice which you have laid upon the altar of your 
 country and your God." 
 

 
 
 
 
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