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 1919 
 

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FOREWORD 
 
 In this land of opportunity each has his chance. 
 Success comes readily to those who pursue fortune with 
 steadfast purpose and unflinching spirit. The fields of 
 endeavor in these United States yield rich harvest to the 
 worker with a will to win. 
 
 Most men who came from afar to reap this harvest of 
 material gain return thanks by their loyalty to the land 
 that welcomed and sheltered them and showered wealth 
 upon them. They walk uprightly and are jealous of their 
 honor. Mayhap they think affectionately of the land of 
 their forefathers, but they give their love to America and 
 are proud to be Americans. They achieve success hon- 
 estly and are deserving of it. They struggle with a noble 
 purpose, and their spirits are refined into pure gold in the 
 struggle. 
 
 But there are those who,, apparently, have also 
 achieved success — yet have failed. Wealth and power are 
 theirs, but when they walk among their fellow men the 
 eye of suspicion is cast upon them. They loudly protest 
 their rectitude, and the honest man is uneasy in their 
 presence. They shriek their loyalty, but their protesta- 
 tions are unconvincing. They, too, have struggled, but 
 their purpose is base and their souls are dross. 
 
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 Photographic reproduction of Citizenship Paper fraudulently ob- 
 tained by Louis N. Hammerling 
 
No. 2528 
 
 State of New York 
 
 AFFIDAVIT FOR LICENSE TO MARRY 
 
 STATE OF NEW YORK, Date of Marriage 
 
 County of Kings, City of New York, Church 
 
 Borough of Brooklyn Location 
 
 Clergyman 
 
 LOUIS N. HAMMERLING 
 Groom 
 
 and SOPHIE J. DE BRZEZICKA 
 
 Bride 
 
 applicants for license for marriage, being severally sworn, depose and say, that to 
 the best of their knowledge and belief the following statement respectfully signed 
 by them is true, and that no legal impediment exists as to the right of the appli- 
 cants to enter into the marriage state. 
 
 FROM THE GROOM FROM THE BRIDE 
 
 Full name? Louis N. Hammerling. Full name? Sophie Jeane de Brzezicka. 
 
 Color? White. Color? White. 
 
 Place of residence? 38 E. 68th St., Residence? 53 Clarke St., St. George 
 
 Manhattan Borough N. Y. Hotel. 
 
 Age? 40. Age? 20. 
 
 Occupation? Retired. Occupation? At home. 
 
 Place of birth? Honolulu, Hawaiian Place of birth? Lemberg, Austria. 
 
 Islands. Name of father? Bruno. 
 
 Name of father? August. Country of birth? Russia. 
 
 Maiden name of mother? Anna MuUer. Maiden name of mother? Marie de 
 
 Country of Birth? Germany. Rut Riewicz. 
 
 Number of marriage? First. Country of birth? Austria. 
 
 Former wife or wives liznng or dead? Number of marriage? First. 
 
 None. Form-er husband or husbands living or 
 
 Is applicant a divorced person? No. dead? None. 
 
 If so, when and where divorce or di- Is applicant a divorced person? No. 
 
 vorce granted? // so, when and where divorce or di- 
 vorces were granted? 
 
 Loms N. Hammerling, Sophie Jeane de Brzezicka, 
 
 Groom. Bride. 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of Feb. ■25th, 1915. 
 
 THOMAS F. MAHER, 
 
 Assistant City Clerk. 
 
 No. 2528 
 Form B 
 
 Place of Registry, State of New York New York State Department of Health, 
 
 County of Kings, City of New York, Bureau of Vital Statistics, Certificate of 
 
 Borough of Brooklyn. Record and Marriage. 
 
 KNOW ALL MEN BY THIS CERTIFICATE, that any person authorized 
 by law to perform marriage ceremonies within the State of New York to whom this 
 may come, he, not knowing any lawful impediment hereto, is hereby authorized and 
 empowered to solemnize the rites of matrimony between Louis N. Hammerling, of 
 the Borough of Manhattan, in the County of and State of New York, and 
 
 Sophie J. de Brzezicka, of the Borough of 'Erodklya, in the County of Kings 
 and State of New York, and to certify the same to be said parties or either of them 
 under his hand and seal in this ministerial or official capacity, and thereupon he is 
 required to return his certificate in the form hereto annexed. The statements en- 
 dorsed hereon or annexed hereto by me subscribed, contain a full and true abstract 
 of all the facts concerning such parties disclosed by their affidavits or verified state- 
 ments presented to me upon the application for this license. 
 
 IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the 
 seal of said city of Brooklyn this 2Sth day of February, nineteen hundred and fifteen. 
 
 |[seal] p. J. SCULLY, 
 
 City Clerk. 
 
The following is a full and true abstract of all the facts disclosed by the above- 
 named applicants in their verified statements presented to me upon their application 
 for the above license : 
 
 FROM THE GROOM 
 
 Full name? Louis N. Hammerling. 
 
 Color? White. 
 
 Place of Residence? 38 East 68th St., 
 Manhattan Borough, N. Y. 
 
 Age? 40. 
 
 Occupation? Retired. 
 
 Place of birth? Honolulu, Hawaiian 
 Islands. 
 
 Name of father? August. 
 
 Country of birth? Austria. 
 
 Maiden name of mother? Anna Muller. 
 
 Country of birth? Germany. 
 
 Number of marriage? First. 
 
 Former wife or wives living or dead? 
 None. 
 
 Is applicant a divorced person? No. 
 
 // so, when and where divorce or di- 
 vorces -were granted 
 
 FROM THE BRIDE 
 
 Full name? Sophie Jeane de Brzezicka. 
 
 Color? White. 
 
 Place of residence? SZ Clarke St., St. 
 George Hotel. 
 
 Age? 20. 
 
 Occupation? At home. 
 
 Place of birth? Lemberg, Austria. 
 
 Name of Father? Bruno. 
 
 Country of birth? Austria. 
 
 Maiden name of mother? Marie de Rut 
 Riewicz. 
 
 Country of birth? Austria. 
 
 Number of marriage? First. 
 
 Former husband or husbands living or 
 dead? None. 
 
 Is applicant a divorced person? No. 
 
 // so, when and where divorce or di- 
 vorces were granted? 
 
 The written consent of the parents, guardians or persons under whose care 
 and government the minor or minors may be has filled and filed in this oflSce of the 
 City Clerk, in the Borough of Brooklyn, as provided by Section 15 of Article 3 
 of the Domestic Relations Law. 
 
 TO CLERGYMEN AND MAGISTRATES 
 
 The license and certificate duly signed by the person who shall have solemnized 
 the marriage therein authorized shall be returned by him to the office of the town 
 of City Clerk who issued the same, on or before the tenth day of the month next 
 succeeding the date of solemnizing of the marriage therein authorized, and any 
 person or persons who shall willfully neglect to make such return within the time 
 above required shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof 
 shall be punished by a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars or not more than fifty 
 dollars for each and every offense. 
 
 I, Gervase Kubec, a R. C. Priest, residing at Brooklyn, in the County of Kings 
 and State of New York, do hereby certify that I did on this 2Sth day of February 
 in the year A. D. 1915, at Brooklyn, in the County of Kings and State of New York, 
 solemnize the rites of matrimony between Louis N. Hammerling of Manhattan 
 Borough, in the County of and State of New York, and Sophie Jeane de Brzezicka 
 of Brookl3m, in the County of Kings and State of New York, in the presence of 
 Stanislaus Rysiakiewiez and Eugene Kolodzie as witnesses, and the license therefore 
 is hereto annexed. 
 
 Witness my hand at Brooklyn, in the County of Kings, this 25th day of Feb- 
 ruary, A. D. 1915. 
 
 In presence of Stanislaus Rysiakiewiez. 
 
 GERVASE KUBEC. 
 (Signature of person performing ceremony.) 
 EUGENE KOLODZIE. 
 
 (Signature of witness) 
 
 392 Adelphi St. 
 
 (Address of person performing ceremony.) 
 
 Copy certified September 3, 1918. 
 (seal] 
 
 WM. E. KELLY, Qerk. 
 
(From New York World, April 7, 1915) 
 
 DENIES GERMANY PAID FOR "APPEAL' ' 
 TO STOP MUNITIONS 
 
 Former Mule Driver Hammeriing Says He Defrayed $100,000 for 
 *'Ad" Credited to "Our People's Contribution." 
 
 EDITORS SAY NAMES WERE USED, BUT THEY 
 DIDN'T PAY 
 
 Self-Proclaimed Duo-Millionaire, Former Union Leader, Says 
 He Won't Explain. 
 
 Louis N. Hammeriing, former labor union leader of AVilkes-Barre, 
 advertising agent and publicity expert, declared yesterday to a repre- 
 sentative of The World: 
 
 That he personally paid the more than $100,000 which it cost to 
 publish on Monday in 200 papers the page advertisement headed "An 
 Appeal to the American People"; 
 
 That he has two or three million dollars and can afford such an 
 expenditure ; 
 
 That not one cent of German money is behind his publicity 
 campaign ; 
 
 That he will sign away his entire fortune and go back to the coal 
 mines whence he sprung to opulence if any one can disprove his 
 statement. 
 
 Denies World's Right to Ask. 
 
 Mr. Hammeriing hotly denied that The World had any right to 
 attempt to clear up the mystery surrounding the publication of the 
 "Appeal to the American People", to stop manufacturing munitions 
 of war. He said The World did not represent the people, and conse- 
 quently he would answer no questions, but he added that if The World 
 would produce the people en masse before the Woolworth Building he 
 would satisfy their curiosity. 
 
 The page advertisement was offered to the leading newspapers of 
 New York City through the John Lee Mahin Advertising Agency of 
 Chicago. About $12,000 was paid to publish it in this city. The 
 "appeal" carries the signatures of publishers of 431 newspapers pub- 
 lished in foreign languages — 10 Bohemian, 2 Bulgarian, 5 Chinese, 7 
 Croatian, 12 Finnish, 2 Flemish, 6 French, 9 Greek, 16 Hollandish, 27 
 Hungarian, 113 Italian, 1 Japanese, 49 Jewish, 1 Korean, 2 Lettish, 10 
 Lithuanian, 14 Danish-Norwegian, 47 Polish, 4 Portuguese, 3 Rou- 
 manian, 8 Russian, 9 Ruthenian, 3 Serbian, 9 Slovak, 5 Slovenic, 13 
 Spanish, 34 Swedish and 10 Syrian. 
 
 Paid by "Our People," Was Claim. 
 
 The "appeal" contains the following statement: 
 
 The cost of this advertisement has been voluntarily given 
 in the shape of small contributions by our people, who are 
 actuated by a sense of humanity and justice and a patriotic 
 
desire not to have this peace-loving Nation directly or in- 
 directly the cause of further loss of life or destruction of 
 property. 
 
 The editors with whom The World communicated yesterday — 
 some who signed the appeal and some who did not — declared they 
 had not been asked to contribute to the fund, nor had they done so. 
 They could throw no light on the source of the contributions and 
 were quite interested in Mr. Hammerling's statement that he had 
 paid the bill. 
 
 A mimeographed typewritten form was sent to the newspapers 
 published in foreign languages in the United States. The editor of 
 the Courrier des Etats-Unis, the French daily of New York, showed 
 The World yesterday the original blank form of inquiry which he 
 said he received from Mr. Hammerling. It reads : 
 
 ^ "We, the publishers of the , published in the 
 
 language, and published in the city of , State of , 
 
 hereby authorize you to sign our names to an appeal to the American 
 people, industries and workmen, not to manufacture, sell or ship 
 powder, shrapnel or shot of any kind or description to any of the 
 warring nations in Europe or Japan. 
 
 "We authorize you to act in any capacity in our behalf in any 
 way that will help to bring about an end to manufacturing powder or 
 shot destined to destroy our brothers and humanity in general." 
 
 Courrier Reversed Appeal. 
 
 Mr. I. H. Sampers, publisher of the Courrier, altered the form 
 to read as a flat refusal and further to read : 
 
 "We authorize you to act in any capacity in our behalf in any 
 way that will help to bring about complete annihilation of the German 
 and Austrian armies or help to manufacture powder or shot destined 
 to destroy them, their brothers and Teutonic inhumanity in general." 
 
 Mr. Hammerling is an Austrian, he said yesterday. He spoke 
 proudly of his upcoming from a mule driver at the age of ten in a 
 Pennsylvania colliery. A month ago he was married in the chapel of 
 St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, by Cardinal Farley to Countess 
 Sophie von Brzenicka. 
 
 Mr. Hammerling's first appearance in the national spotlight was 
 in 1902, when he was recognized as the intermediary between the 
 Roosevelt Administration and the striking coal miners. He had edu- 
 cated himself and risen in union labor councils to a leadership next, 
 perhaps, to John Mitchell, although he was known as editor of the 
 miners' publications. 
 
 In the 1908 campaign and since Mr. Hammerling has been known 
 as the disburser of Republican campaign advertising among the 
 foreign language press. In 1912 Senator Dixon, Progressive National 
 Chairman, made the charge that Mr. Hammerling had delivered the 
 foreign press to the Taft managers exclusively. This was denied. Mr. 
 Hammerling said that through the American Association of Foreign 
 Language Newspapers, of which he was President, he distributed 
 political advertising without favor. 
 
Copy of letter written to Louis N. Hammerling by Frank Zotti, 
 publisher of Narodni List 
 
 New York, April 3, 1918. 
 Mr. Louis N. Hammerling, 
 
 New York, N. Y. 
 Sir: 
 
 I would be very happy indeed to tell you face to face what I am 
 compelled to write, because you will not give me an opportunity to 
 meet you. 
 
 I will start by declaring that YOU ARE A COWARD. This is 
 said after mature consideration, satisfied that I am telling the truth. 
 On many occasions in former years your actions proved to me, beyond 
 any reasonable doubt, that cowardice is one of your chief character- 
 istics. 
 
 YOU ARE A PERJURER, because you committed the crime of 
 perjury on the eleventh day of November, 1901, when you took a 
 false oath in obtaining your naturalization papers by stating you 
 were born in Hawaii, when you knew that you were born in Galicia, 
 Austria. In all probability the Austro-Hungarian government still 
 considers you to be an Austrian subject, since you have not forsworn 
 allegiance to the Austro-Hungarian crown. 
 
 YOU ARE A FRAUD, because you cheated publishers who had 
 dealings with you by trimming their bills and in other devious ways. 
 
 YOU ARE A FRAUD, because you cheated advertisers by 
 charging them for services you did not render. Again 
 
 YOU ARE A FRAUD, because you robbed stockholders of the 
 American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Inc., of 
 dividends due to them, and sought to cover your misdeeds by having 
 the books and records of the Association destroyed by fire. 
 
 YOU ARE AN IMPOSTOR, as is shown by your "fake" con- 
 tribution of $5,000.00 in the name of the Foreign Language Press to 
 the National Advertising Board created by President Wilson. This 
 "patriotic" act brought you a lot of free advertising, but you were 
 discreetly silent concerning the fact that you demanded, and secured, 
 the return of the $5,000.00 on the plea that your "Board of Directors" 
 refused to sustain your "patriotic" action. 
 
 YOU ARE AN IMPOSTOR, because you pose as a loyal Ameri- 
 can citizen, when the fact is that you received and spent hundreds of 
 thou sands of dollars for pro-German propaganda, which you accounted 
 for to German agents. 
 
 When you sent your Mr. Mommand out collecting signatures 
 from the various publications to be used in the one-page advertise- 
 ment entitled "An Appeal to the American People," on April 5th, 
 1915, it was the writer who told Mr. Mommand that he was sure 
 German money was being used for this propaganda, and so refused 
 to sign the "Appeal" on behalf of the Narodni List. 
 
 Any man with a few red corpuscles left in his veins, upon receipt 
 lof this letter, would take action against the writer. But you will fol- 
 low your usual course, I assume, and will spread the report that Frank 
 iZotti is trying to blackmail you. But you will know it is a lie, and I 
 idare you to prove it. 
 
A real man can never tell what one of your kind will do when 
 he is cornered, but there is one thing that he can rest assured of: 
 that while you are cornered and while he is keeping watch at the hole 
 in which you hide, he need not fear that you will come out in the open 
 unless he turns his back. 
 
 It has not been a pleasant task to follow you in your operations 
 during the past ten years; because, like an eel, you have been living 
 in muddy waters. But since your actions have been so detrimental 
 to the best interests of the foreign-language press of the United States, 
 as well as to the advertisers who patronize it, it became a duty to 
 expose you. 
 
 I have no personal feeling nor animosity; I have nothing but 
 contempt and consider my action in delivering you to the government 
 as a patriotic deed. At the same time I am affording your money an 
 opportunity to get in motion and make me answer for any misdeed 
 committed on my part before the law of the land. 
 
 FRANK ZOTTI, Publisher. 
 
 (Immediately after the receipt of the above letter, Hammerling appeared 
 before the Grand Jury of New York County, and the following clipping from the 
 "New York Sun" tells the result:) 
 
 THE SUN, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 17. 19.18. 
 
 Admiral or his own- re- 
 orotection of Japa- 
 in Vladivostok; 
 biirnl Kato. so in"-. 
 Admiral. KnlgrJit, 
 kisul. Caldwell, in 
 
 Jhat the landinff -of 
 int to' the 
 
 -canon 
 
 The Grand Jury yesterdav dismissed 
 the libel coniplaint made, by L<ouis N 
 H-3 mmerllng. president of, the American 
 AsEoctatton of Forelgm Liangnage News- 
 papers, against Frank Zbtti. editor of the 
 Croatian National Gazette. Mr Zotti. 
 whose offices are in the World Building, 
 was charged v.ith openly accusing the 
 complainant of pro-German activitiea 
 
 $1,500,000 
 
 iHarrit Abattoir 
 
 Practlf 
 
 Toronto. 
 day had extii! 
 starting last njj 
 the plant of 
 
 ganj 
 
HAMMERLING'S OWN STORY 
 
 The Narodni List here presents the story of Louis N. Hammer- 
 ling from the lips of Louis N. Hammerling. He told it to the Senate 
 Committee, etc., and it is here reproduced verbatim. If the former 
 president of the A. A. of F. L. N. presents a rather sorry and 
 sordid figure it is because he drew such a picture of himself. 
 
 "The mills of the gods grind slowly but they grind exceeding 
 small." Several years have passed since the Narodni List first took 
 issue over Hammerling. Arrogating to himself the leadership of the 
 foreign-language press in the United States, Hammerling rapidly 
 achieved a position of influence which might have been used splen- 
 didly for the benefit of those he pretended to represent. Instead, 
 he used it for his own personal gain. The hundreds of newspapers 
 which he represented as being members of his so-called association 
 were used merely as pawns in the game he played to obtain money 
 and power for Louis N. Hammerling. 
 
 Realizing the false position in which the foreign-language press 
 was placed, the Narodni List fought Hammerling, fought him re- 
 lentlessly, alone and practically unsupported. It was an unthankful 
 task, for Hammerling had the power of patronage behind him — fat 
 contracts which, usually, he could place at will. 
 
 Then the World War came, and its shadow crept slowly over 
 the Atlantic towards America. It was early manifest that the 
 United States must side with the Allies. To combat this situation 
 Germany flooded the country with propaganda and Hammerling was 
 one of its agents. In the following pages Hammerling himself tells 
 how he managed to secure the signatures of hundreds of editors of 
 foreign-language papers to the "Appeal to the American People" 
 for an embargo on munitions and how he received $205,000 of Ger- 
 man money for this famous piece of German propaganda. 
 
 He tells, too, many interesting things concerning himself; as, 
 for instance, how he evaded the Draft Law by amending the record 
 of his age, and how he became a citizen of the United States by a 
 false oath. 
 
 But let Hammerling tell his own story. The Narodni List 
 believes every foreign-language newspaper editor should know it. 
 so that, in the future, no man, or set of men, may be able to exploi*" 
 them as did this self-seeking advertising agent. 
 
BEEWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN 
 PROPAGANDA. 
 
 TUESDAY, DECEMBER 3, 1918. 
 
 UNITED STATES SENATE, 
 SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 The subcommittee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m., in room 226, Senate 
 Office Building, Senator Lee S. Overman presiding. 
 
 Present: Senators Overman (chairman), King, Wolcott, Nelson, 
 and Sterling. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Mr. Ilammerling, you will be sworn. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. LOUIS N. HAMMERLING, 
 
 (The witness was sworn by the Chairman.) 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where dc you reside? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 104 East Fortieth Street, New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What is your business? _ _ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am president of the American Association 
 uf Foreign Language Newspapers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers is a corporation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When was it organized? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In 1908. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who were the incorporators? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The incorporators were E. M. Grella, Mr. 
 Carpenter— I do not remember his initials, but he was an attorney. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Edwin E. Carpenter. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He was an attorney for the company when it 
 was organized— Oliver C. Carpenter, I think was the name ; and Mr. 
 Gates. I think he was Mr. Carpenter ''s assistant. 
 
 Maj HUMES. At whose instance was the charter secured? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. At Mr. Carpenter's, I think. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At whose instance did they get this charter? . 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Mine. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What did you organize it for? What was your 
 
 object? ' 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I bought out an advertising agency called the 
 Italian- American Advertising Agency. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You are not an Italian? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, I am not; but I used to deal with these 
 Italian newspapers, and we saw that to get around the Italian na- 
 tion — ^you see there ivas not much business to do with the Italian pa- 
 pers, so we chang'ed it to the association 465 
 
466 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you bought out Mr. Grella in the transaction? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And acquired your interest? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that he had a daily paper and 
 he could not give it much time. 
 
 Senator NELSON. For what purpose did you get it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING- To get advertising in the foreign-language 
 nerwspapers. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Political or business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Commercial. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Commercial exclusively? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. We took political advertising when 
 they gave it to us. 
 
 Senator NELSON. "Was not that a part of your scheme — to get po- 
 litical as well as commercial advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was not a scheme. Every advertising agen- 
 cy does that. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was not that your plan? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You had nothing of that kind in view? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where had you resided prior to your coming to New 
 York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What had been your business there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was connected -with a Polish paper there 
 and handled advertising for the United Mine Workers' Journal and 
 that Polish paper, and I took contracts for printing. 
 
 Maj HUMES. What induced you or who induced you to go to 
 New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The Republican national committee. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; in 1904. I came to New York in 1904, 
 and I handled the campaign for them v.dth the foreign papers^ — the 
 advertising. 
 
 Maj. liUMES. What did you do from 1904 until 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAJVIMERLING. I did advertising in these papers that I just 
 mentioned. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You continued your connection with this Italian 
 agency from 1904 to 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; I had no conueetion. I did it under my 
 own name. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Under your own name until 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At whose suggestion did you organize the American 
 Association of Foreign Language Newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 made the suggestion. In May, 1908, to be 
 exact, I decided with Mr. Grella to go into the business in New 
 York, and in November we began business, the first part of November. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN". What date was that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The first part of Noventber, 1908. 
 
 Senator OVERMi\:N'. That is, after you had left Wilkes-Barre at 
 the instance of th(} Republican campaign committee, you went to 
 New York. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTBPvESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 467 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING Yes. 
 
 Senator OA'ERMAN. Senator Nelson asked you a question as to 
 whether this advertising agency had anything to do with political 
 advertising. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. "Why. before I ever dreamed of advertising 
 1 was asked by Senator Quay and Senator Penrose to come down 
 and help them handle this campaign. 
 
 Senator NELSON. That was in 1904? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Before you formed the company? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not return to Wilkes Barre after the 1904 
 campaign? 
 
 Mr. HA3IMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you stay in Wilkes-Barr© at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was elected in 1908 again, so I was there 
 until 1908. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were elected what ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A delegate to the Republican national con- 
 vention. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have charge of political advertising for the 
 Republican national committee in 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; in some of the foreign-language papers. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Who suggested to you the organization of this asso- 
 ciation of foreign-language ne•v^'spapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am telling you that when I agreed to take 
 the Italian agency I saw that we could not do business under that 
 name, so we changed it. I do not remember exactly who was at the 
 meeting. I consulted a iew publishers of different languages. I know 
 a good many of them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Wlien you decided to launch this new organization, 
 what means did you take of bringing together the publishers 6f the 
 foreign-language newspapers 1 
 
 Mr. HAIVIMERLING. I sent out a circular letter with a blank tel- 
 ling theim that if they would subscribe to the preferred -stock of the 
 association we could build up a great business. They did not need to 
 pay cash, I said, for one-half of the advertising that we were to 
 place could be used to reduce their indebtedness for the stock, from 
 one share to four shares. Nobody had more than that. The stock was 
 sold as preferred stock. 
 
 Maj. HUIMES. To whom was it sold? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the publishers of these newspapers. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How much stock did your company issue? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. Fifty thousand dollars of preferred. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How much common? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Fifthy thousand dollars. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What was the preferred stock per share? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. One hundred dollars. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What was the common? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. One hundred dollars. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you sell the stock at par? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Both common and preferred? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Both common and preferred. ] 
 
468 BREWING AND LIQlfOR INTERESTS A ND GERM ^ N PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. How much stock did you have? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Two hundred and ninety shares of the 
 common. 
 
 Senator OVERMAjN. You have a majority of the stock? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of the common; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMIJS. How many shares of the common stock are outstan- 
 ding* other than what you have? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. There are 470 shares outstanding, including 
 mine. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Are there any stockholders except the pub- 
 lishers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of the preferred stock; no 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Of the common? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. There are no publishers who owtti the com- 
 mon stock. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Who are the principal stockholders of com- 
 mon stock, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have a list of theiu. There is Carmalita 
 Lewis and John Mitchell — ■ — 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You can furnish a list of the stockholders? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You can put that list in afterward. 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. Very '.veil. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Tliat would save the time of hunting it up. 
 You started in to do political advertisnig, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You did political advertising after your com- 
 pany was formed? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did in 1912 advertising for the Republicans. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What I uant to know is how you managed that 
 business. Did you collect for all the ncAvspapers? Did you collect 
 the fee for the publishing of oolitical advertisements for the Avhole 
 lot? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you collect the money? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. W^e sent the bill. 
 
 Senator NELSON. They all paid you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How did you distribute those funds that j^ou 
 received ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. By check. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What proportion? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Less the commission. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What Avas your commission? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Anywhere from 10 to 15 per cent. It depends 
 on what the papers give. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How did you distribute the monej'-? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Why, the State committee submits a list of 
 papers to the national cl)airman that they want to use, and the pa- 
 pers have regular rates; they have a rate card showing what they 
 charge for advertising. In 1916 they bought 30,000 lines in the 
 dailies, 20,000 lines in the semiweeklies, and 10000 lines in the 
 weeklies, according to the rate Avhich was paid. 
 
 Senator NELSON. And you collected this rate then? 
 
 Ml-. IIAIMMERLING. Yes 
 
BREWING AND LTQUOK INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 469 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yon collected this full rato for the advertise- 
 ment and retained from 10 to 15 per cent commission? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you know the total amount that yon col- 
 lected in that year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING!. In 1!)16? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. In 1912, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Over $100,000; I ihink $104,000 or $105,000. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did the national committee furnish that 
 money? i i 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The Republican national committee paid it. 
 
 Senator KING. Maj. Humes, I suppose you have in an orderly way 
 prepared to present whatever yon deem may be testified to by this 
 witness ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have a summary of what I think ought to be shown 
 by this witness. 
 
 Senator KING. Then I shall not ask any questions until you get 
 through. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Proceed, Maj. Humes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you organized this American Assoeiation of 
 Foreign Language Newspapers, how did you put yourself in touch 
 with the foreign language newspapers and with the advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We sent out a circular. We had the paper 
 subscribe to the stock. They sent in the rates and we began to do 
 business. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Did you not start this association with a banquet? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. W^e had the first banquet a year after, 
 in 1909. We had it at the Republican Club in New York, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. About when was this banquet held in 1909? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In November, to celebrate the first year. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Who was invited to be present at that banquet? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Business men and publishers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How many publishers were present? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Every one of them from New York and Phi- 
 ladelphia and all of the neighboringi places, and some of them came 
 from as far away as Chicago. The list shows. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were all of the foreign language newspaper editors 
 there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh- not all of the 700; no. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were all the publisher,^ present, all who attended 
 this banquet, given presents by you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, We always gave a souvenir — a fountain pen 
 or a pencil — every year. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Didn't you give a number of presents that year to 
 these publishers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Who presided at that banquet? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Whom else did you invite to attend the banquet? I 
 mean other than publishers, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of big men? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes; men of prominence? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I think Mr. Cortelyou was one, the new pre- 
 sident of the Consolidated Gas Co. I really could not remember, but 
 a good many prominent business men. We invited them so that they 
 could see that we had not any horns. 
 
470 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GEI'.MAN/PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator OVEEMAN. "Was Mr. Cortelyou the ehairmaii of the Re- 
 publican national campaign committee at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. No ; Mr. Hitchcock was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that the first time you ever appeared 
 in public as president of the association was when you wiere intro- 
 duced to make a speech at that banquet as the president of the asso- 
 ciation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know who introduced me. I think I 
 did the iatroducing. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is not that the first time that you ever publicly ap- 
 peared as the president of this association? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know. I got all the business. I was 
 soliciting advertising. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you also invited to this banquet a number of 
 the big advertising concerns of the country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The Standard Oil advertising managers and the 
 American Tobacco Co.? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. And a number of big advertising agtencies? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You also invited the Attorney General of the United 
 States to be present, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not that year. The next year I did. 
 
 Maj. ELUMES. Was he not there that year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember, I have not the list before 
 me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You had three or four members of the Cabinet 
 present. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. One year; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUlVrES. What year was that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think 1911. I am sure that it was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You got these men of prominence and men who 
 occupied conspicuous places in the Government to attend these ban- 
 quets, and then capitalized that with the publishers of the foreign- 
 language newspapers over the country, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know how I capitalized that. These 
 men in public life were very glad to come. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not seek to secure the attendance of promi- 
 nent men at these banquets in order to give you standing with the 
 foreign-langtuage ne"WTspaper editors and induce them to think that 
 you had standing with the Government? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I had all the standing I wanted among them. 
 I kept out of the business all of the crooks in the advertising busi- 
 ness, the medical fellows, and the stock sellers, and all of those people. 
 Senator Nelson is here and he can ask the Swedish newspapers in his 
 State. I did not need any influence with these papens. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you bought your interest in this Italian news- 
 paper how much did you invest? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. With Mr. Grella? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think T agreed to invest about $14,000. but 
 it might cost me $20,000 before I was through, because his statement 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INT BRESTS A ND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 47I 
 
 of indebtedness was not correct, and some bills came in afterwards, 
 and I paid them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How much did you actually pay to him in cash? 
 
 Mr. RAMMERLING. I think about that, though I would not swear 
 to it, about $20,000, I would say. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did the fund come from that made it possible 
 for you to make that investment? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. From my own pocket. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What business had you been in just prior to your 
 going to New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was telling you, I was doing advertising for 
 a paper called the United Mine Workers' Journal, getting subscrip- 
 tions, and for a Polish paper, and I was doing printing. I was doing 
 printing for the State of Pennsjdvania in the foreign languages, 
 amounting to thousands of dollars, and all kinds of printing. I do 
 not remember, but I think I did printing for the Beithlehem Steel 
 Co. and for different companies, getting out pamphlets and booklets, 
 and then they had a law in Pennsylvania requiring them to post about 
 accidents in factories and in the mines, and I mad© a canvass through- 
 out the State and I got an enormous amount of business. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What part did you play in securing thei passage of 
 the act of assembly in Pennsylvania requiring the publication of cer- 
 tain official advertisements in the foreign-language newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. None whatever. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There was one passed during the period of your ac- 
 tivity, was there not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. It was passed in 1914, and the attorney 
 general declared it unconstitutional. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was there not an act passed along about 1905 or 
 1907 requiring municipal advertising to be published in foreign-lan- 
 guage newspapers? 
 
 M.r HAMMERLING. No ; I never got a fee for advertising for the 
 State of Pennsylvania in my Hfe. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What were you worth financially when you went to 
 New York and bought out Mr. Grella? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would say that I think that is a personal 
 matter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I think perhaps that is true, but it is a pertinent 
 matter of inquiry. What were you worth financially when you 
 bought out Mr. Grella? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A couple^ of hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Over what period of time had you made that much 
 money? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 10 years. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In the foreign advertising in Pennsylvania and the 
 work you did outside in 1904? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In advertising and printingi. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You bought an interest in the Polish paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did you pay for your interest in that paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Three hundred * dollars. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you acquire that interest? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING In May, 1900. 
 
472 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTrRPiSTS AND GERMAl^ PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you make all of the $200,000 out of that $300 
 in vestment ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; I did not. I made it with my work. 
 Maj. HUMES. What other work did you engage in beside this 
 printing and publishing business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Tliat is enough. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was not that all in connection with your paper that 
 you purchased ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No , I got contracts in printing with some of 
 the largest printers in the United States, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers was organized and you became president of it, 
 you retained practically all of the common stock? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING.Ves. I paid for it too, 100 cents on the dollar. 
 Maj HUMES. You had $50,000 of it? 
 Mr. HAMjiTERLlNG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you disposed of some of the preferred slock to 
 the publishers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How much of that preferred s'toek is outstanding 
 to-day? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ten thousand five hundred dollars. 
 Maj. I-IUMES. Who owns that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The publishers; about 50 of them. 
 Maj. HUMES. But none of the publishers own any of the common 
 stock ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you first secure large advertising con- 
 tracts from the Standard Oil Go. and the American Tobacco Co. and 
 some of those concerns? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 1909. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Immediately after the organization of your paper? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that the original purpose of the 
 organization of the American Association of Foreign Langtuage 
 Newspapers Avas to exercise political control over the foreign-lan- 
 guage publications of the country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. I have as much political control over them 
 as the pope ha.s in a synagogue, if you "will permit the expression, 
 lor the reason that I would have as much influence with a news- 
 paper in Milwaukee as I would with the Jewish Forward in New 
 York. It is not a fair thing to belittle 800 newspapers of great impor- 
 tance by saying that I, through handling 5 per cent of the entire 
 national advertising in the United States, would control them. That 
 is all I handled — about 5 per cent. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you first meet Percy Andreae? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. hi the first part of the year— I would say, in 
 the spring, about April — at the Holland Housei in New York City. 
 Maj. HUMES. What year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Nineteen thirteen. I met him through 
 Adolplius Busch, president of tlie Busch industries in St. Louis. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you enter into a contract with him at that 
 lime? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERFSTS AND C.ERMAN PROPAGANDA 473 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. Mr. Busch sent for me. I never saw him 
 before in my life, but I came, naturally, knowing wihat he represents. 
 1 am supposed to be a solicitor. I came in there, and he said, ''Are 
 you Hammerlingr' I said, "Yes"'. He had a good many of his 
 people standing around, just as if he would be a king. He said, 
 "Charles Nagel told me that you can do us some service in the light 
 against prohibition '. I said, "I am the boy if you have any adver- 
 tising, and I am here." He said, ''I designate a man by the name 
 of Percy Andreae, who has mj^ authority to do business". I said, 
 "Do you guarantee the bills, Mr. Busch?" He said, "Yes." So I 
 went away. A few weeks later Mr. Andreae asked me to meet him 
 in Chicago, I met him in Chicago in some club — I do not remember 
 where it was — he and his secretary, a man named Hartley. Mr, 
 Andreae said that he had gotten not only Busch to guarantee this 
 campaign, but he got the United States Brewers' Association. I said, 
 "So much the better; we can do more business". He said they did 
 not give him as much money as he intended they should, but he 
 would like to make a deal. He said that his idea would be to write 
 articles in the foreign-language newspapers showing there should 
 not be prohibition; and I said, "Mr, Andreae, I am soliciting adver- 
 tising, and if you write a million articles not one of them would 
 publish it, no matter how good you are for the reason that you are un- 
 known to them, in the first place, and, in the second place, wliat 
 they want is money." He said they could not go into an adver- 
 tising campaign, for they had not enough money for that. I said 
 to him, "How about you writing the articles and their being pub- 
 lished in my name?" He said, "That is a good idea. What would 
 it cost?" I said, "There will be no cost to it; but you will have to 
 help me get the brewers to do advertising in the papers". He said 
 he thought he could do that, and I agreed that I would stand to my 
 promise provided he would stand by his ; and we worked it out that 
 all the expense Mr. Andreae would have to pay would be to pay 
 for the translators, expressage, and so forth. We were not supposed- 
 the association was not supposed — to make any money out of it 
 outside of handling it, but we were to make our money on the com- 
 mission that we got in the advertising that we furnished in the 
 foreign papers. We did not get much advertising, and the complaint 
 of Mr. Andreae was that the brewers' association got sore at him 
 because he was getting to be too big a m;«i. That is th'3 way I began 
 to handle his business and I think in three years every issue, which 
 would be about 66 arlicles, published an article in the American 
 Leader and sent it out in 34 languages to these papers. 
 Senator NELSON. Editorials? 
 
 V 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Articles. The papers do not publish editorials, 
 o^^r papers, that they write themselves. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that all of the contractual relations that ex- 
 isted between you and Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. During three years' time he made a speech, 
 I think, at one of our gatherings, and he made speeches somewhere 
 else and finally he was kind of knocked down by the brewers. I liked 
 him; he was a very honorable man in the way that he dealt with us. 
 We appointed him to a position of vice president of the association, 
 as our minutes will show. 
 
474 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. H;UMES. When was that? That was after he had severed his 
 eoniLetctioii with the brewers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; during the time. We appointed him so 
 that it would help him to make speeches, and he did make some 
 speeches, and that is all we know about it. 
 
 Maj. HiUMES. There was no agreement between you and Mr. An- 
 dreae by which you were to undertake to control the policy of these 
 foreign-language newspapers or what they should publish? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; there is no contract. We never had any 
 contract; only letters. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You had correspondence? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Under that agreement Mr. Andreae or the National 
 A3socia,tion of Commerce and Labor was to furnish a certain numlber 
 of translators to translate this material? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; we were to furnish it ; we were to do the 
 translation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. They paid for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; they paid for it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. They were to pay you so much for translators? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For translators, or whatever it cost to handle 
 it; clerks and stenographers and everything else. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do I understand you to say the only part you played 
 in that was to do the mechanical part of printing, translating, and 
 mailing to the foreign-language newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the papers; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you not to undertake to use your influence or 
 persuasion to secure the publication of these articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. t would not state her© that the papers would 
 not have wanted to please me, but I have issued no such instructions. 
 We had a traveling man to go around among the papers and see if 
 they would publish it, but nothinisr of the kind such as telling the 
 newspapers that they had to publish. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you try to use your influence with them to get 
 them to publish these articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you employed a man by the 
 name of Joudan to travel about the country, to visit all of these 
 foreign language newspapers, and persuade them to print these per- 
 sonal-liberty articles and other editorial matter favorable to the 
 liquor interests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did not do that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Mr. Joudan was employed by Mr. Andreae, 
 but he was employed to see if the papers, it is true, would publish 
 these personal-liberty articles and also check up as to circulation, 
 etc. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was he an employee of Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He was an employee of Mr. Andreae; yes; 
 paid directly. The checks and the correspondence will show that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He represented himself to be an employee of your 
 association ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Exactly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In other words, Mr. Andreae was paying the salary 
 of one of your employees, or one who was representing himself to be 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 475 
 
 one of your employees, for the purpose of visiting the foreign-lan- 
 guage press and securing favorable editorial and news comment 
 from them?, - 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HinVIBS. I show you a letter purporting to be signed by you, 
 dated January 9, 1914, which is marked "Exhibit Hammerling No. 
 1, ' ' and ask you if that is a letter that you wrote to Percy Andreae ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It is my signature. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is not that a statement of your understanding of 
 the contract? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I have not read it. Hundreds of letters ate 
 signed and sent out. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This is signed by you. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. I dictate to 20 different people a day. 
 We have a mark there, "NR." indicating that I do not read them. 
 ^"Sen ator WOLCOTT. AVhat does that "NR" mean? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It means "not read", I could not personally 
 read all of them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I will submit the letter in evidence. 
 
 (The letter referred to, marked "Hammerling Exhibit No. 1," is 
 b^re printed in the record in full, as follows:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 1. 
 
 (American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Inc. "Woolworth 
 Building. Telephone Barclay B592-5593 Chicago Office, People's Gas Building) 
 
 NR 
 
 NEW YORK, January 9, 1914. 
 Mr. PERCY ANDREAE, 
 
 Imperial Hotel, New York City. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR: As per conversation of last night, I beg to confirm as fol. 
 lows: That the Association membership is comprised of a total of 619 news- 
 papers published in the United States and Canada. In the United States there 
 are 583 of these papers published and the balance, or 36 newspapers, is publi- 
 shed in Canada. These papers are printed in 29 different languages and elimi- 
 nating the Cliinese and .Japanese leaves 2/ languages. 
 
 The article on ..Personul Liberty" which you write f6r the „American Leader' 
 and which is published under my name is to be translatdd and supplied twice 
 a month to 583 newRi)apers. pt-inted in '^7 different languages and as you will 
 see by the enclosed list, this will require the services of eight translators to do 
 the work thoroughly. Besides doing the translating, these translators will have 
 to do the checking and marking of the papers containing the articles and for- 
 ward same from time to time to j'^ou. 
 
 Opposite each one of the translators on the statement enclosed, you will no- 
 tice what each will cost; or, otherwise, the eight translators will cost $1,250.00 
 per month. We shall hire these translators for one year. Naturally with some 
 of them it may be necessary to take them av/ay from other positions and It may 
 require a longer contract. 
 
 The additional expense will be $100.00 per month for a Stenographer and 
 $50.00 for printing and postage per month. One of our Directors will take a 
 trip once, maybe twiice or more as is necessary, to see the papers, and make 
 arrangements so that we may get their unanimous support and approval. The 
 expenditure on this account will be $400.00 per month as salary and We figure 
 $180.00 per month for travelling expenses, which is $6.00 per day and is figrured 
 to cover railroad and hotel eXtier.ses. This will make a total expenditure per 
 month of $1,980.00 providing the travelling man is required to travel all year; 
 if he does not, this 'will reduce the expenditure by $580.00 or make the total of 
 $1,400.00 per month. This represents the total cost and there will be no other 
 expenses connected therewith. 
 
 It is advisable that we begin with the translation of the first article so that 
 the campaign may be presented in the newspapers just as it appears in the 
 "Leader". 
 
476 BREWING AND lAQU OR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PRORAGANDA 
 
 We shall arrange with these newspapers to either have the articles appear as 
 being especially written for each particular paper b> myself, to be commented 
 upon editorially by the Publishers, or as being prepared by the newspapers 
 themselves. 
 
 On the enclosed statement we show the langaages which each translator will 
 have in charge as well as the iteniized expenditures. We also enclose hei^ewith 
 two memorandums of agreement so that the payments can be made to us 
 monthly in advance so that we can pay our bills for each article, as we do all 
 our force and you are to carry the account on your books and we are to carry 
 the account on our books as "Advertising appearing in the ''Leader" ". 
 
 If this is satisfactory we can begin the work immediately, as we have already 
 talked with some of our Directors and Publishers and they will help us to get 
 the organization into shape on a few days notice. 
 
 Your acceptance by signing the enclosed order with your first monthly pay- 
 ment will begin immediately to put into effect these arrangements for one year 
 
 Very ti'uly yours, 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION Or FOTiEiGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, INC. 
 LOUIS N. HAMMERLING, 
 President. 
 LNHlDSM 
 Enclosures. • 
 
 Statement of expenditures in connection with proposed campaign as per our 
 letter of Jan. 9. 1914. 
 
 Monthly 
 salary of 
 Language: translator. 
 
 1. Armenian, Bulgarian, Roumanian, Servian, Syrian $200.00 
 
 2. Austro. German, Bohemian, Croatian, Jewish, Polish, Rus- 
 
 sian, Ruthenian, Slovenic ■ • 250.00 
 
 3. French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swiss ' 200.00 
 
 4 Greek • 100.00 
 
 5. Hollandish ] OP.OO 
 
 6. Hungarian, Slovak 100.00 
 
 7. Lettish, Lithuanian 100.00 
 
 S.Finnish, Norwegian-Danish, Swedish 200.00 
 
 Total of salaries per month for ti'anslations 1,250.00 
 
 One stenographer at . . , 100.00 
 
 Printing and postage 50 t)0 
 
 Salary of director who is to travel per month 400.00 
 
 Traveling expenses of above 180.00 
 
 ^ 
 
 Total cost per month 1,980.00 
 
 MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT. 
 
 (The Leader, official organ of the American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers. Issued semimonthly Advertising department, 702-3-4.5 World 
 Building, New York.) 
 
 GENTLEMEN: You are hereby authorized to insert copies of our advertise- 
 ment for one year from January 1st, J9I4, insertions in The Leader for the 
 amount of $1, '100.00 per month, or total of sixteen thousand eight hundred 
 dollars, $16,800.00 for the year. 
 
 Signed PERCY ANDREAE, 
 
 Address 3357 Michigan Ave., Chicago. 
 
 Date January 1st, 10.14. 
 
 Ma.j. HUMES. Yon dictated that letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think I did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And attached to it were statements printed above? 
 
 Mr. HaMME RUING. 7es. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 477 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, after having refreshed your recollection from 
 this letter that you dictated, what do you say as to your 
 obligating- yourself to use a director of your association to try and 
 control the foreign-language y-ress^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A director? Why, we call a fellow who goes 
 and directs it a director. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you did not mean a director in the corporation 
 in this letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What was your purpose in writing that letter? Did 
 you want Mr. Andreae to understand that you meant a director of 
 the corporation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I wrote this letter to Mr. Andreae. He wanted 
 it written in that way and I Avrote it in that way. You write a great 
 many letters when you solicit business. 
 
 Maj. HUIVIES. Then the arrangement you had with Mr. Audreae 
 was that these personal-liberty articles were to be printed in the 
 American Leader as advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And your contract was to carry them as advertis- 
 ing, and it was an advertising contract. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you interpret it in that way. I am not 
 posted legally. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I am asking you for facts, I am not asking for an 
 interpretation. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would not want to exactly say, for the 
 reason that I do not understand it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your contract provides that the personal-liberty 
 articles appearing in the Leader are advertising, does it not, and you 
 carry them on your books as advertising in the American Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to that statement, yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you mark them advertising when you published 
 them, in accordance mtb the act of Congress? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not that I know of. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your periodical is entered as second-class matter in 
 the post office, is it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you disregarded the act of Congress which re- 
 quires advertising matters to be so marked? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did ]iot know anything about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you nican to say that you are not familiar with 
 the act of Congress which requires advertising matter to be so 
 marked ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not also a fact that a portion of the office rent 
 in your offices was paid by Mr. Audreae and by the National Asso- 
 ciation of Commerce and I^abor. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; one room. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. They paid the rent on one of vour oflice rooms? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is that a cop3^ of the contract for office rent which 
 I show you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It i':; our billhead, for $70. I think that is 
 right. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This is evidcntlj^ a bill that was submitted hy jou 
 to Mr. Andreae. 
 
478 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND G-BRMAN t-ROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING. I did not submit the bill ; I do not know tbe 
 details. I am a solicitor of advertising. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is one of your advertising contracts, and the 
 language is put there so as to provide for a payment of office rent 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, T could mention hundreds. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This paper came from your office? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIN'G. It is our stationery; yes. 
 
 (The paper referred to was marked "Hammerling Exhibit No. 2," 
 and is here printed in full in the record, as followis-.) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 2. 
 
 Memorandum of agreement. 
 
 (The American Leader, publis?ied semimonthly by the American Association 
 of Foreign -Language Newspapers (Inc.) — Advertising department, suite 
 912 — 926 Woolworth Building, New York.) 
 Signed, & Forwarded 9l29 
 
 GENTLEMEN: Tou are hereby authorized to rent Room No. 908 Woolworth 
 BIdg , New York City for one CI) year, from May 1, 1915, to May 1, 1916 — for 
 the amount of $70.00 — per month, or total of eight hundred forty and 00|100 — 
 Dollars, $840.00. 
 
 Signed 
 
 Per . . . 
 Address 
 
 Date Sept 21, 1914. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibit No. 3, and ask you 
 if that is a copy of a contract of renewal? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It looks to me like it, but I would not swear 
 to it. It is a matter of detail that I did not handle. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This is a carbon copy of a form of contract that 
 came from your office on your letterhead. , 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 think it is— yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever do any advertising for Mr. Andreae 
 or the National Association of Commerce and Labor? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Some, I think ; a few thousand dollars. I cm 
 not exactly remember the amount of what it was. It was a fight be- 
 tween the brewers' association. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you a paper marked "Hammerling Exhibit 
 4," having attached to .it a list of foreign-language newspapers. Is 
 that a copy of the contract for 1915 between you and Mr. Andreao, 
 and state whether that is an advertising contract? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes: it is an advertisement. 
 
 Maj. HUMES (reading) : 
 
 You are hereby authorized to insert in 68 foreign language newspapers 120- 
 inch advertisement one time in each paper during period of 5 months (March 
 to July inclusive) for the amount of .$2.000.00 — per month, payable monthly in 
 advance or total of * * ♦ $10,000. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Is that 1915? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This is dated March 5. 1915, and T offer it, together 
 with the list of newspapers, in evidence. 
 
 (The paper referred to, marked "Hammerling Exhibit No. 4," 
 together ^vith the list of papers, is here printed in full in the record 
 as follows:) 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND OERMAI«5 PROPAGANDA 479 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 4. 
 Memorandum of Agreement. 
 
 (The American Leader — Published Semi-Monthly by American Association of 
 Foreign-Language Newspapers. Inc. Advertising department, suite 912 — 926 
 Wool-worth Building, New York ) 
 
 GENTLEMEN: 
 
 Tou are hereby authorized to insert in 68 foreign language newspapers 120 
 inch advertisement one time in each paper during period of 5 months (March 
 to July Inclusive) for the amount of $2,000.00 — per month, payable monthly in 
 advance or total of ten thousand and no|100 — Dollars, $10,000.00. 
 
 Sigtied 
 
 Per 
 
 Address 
 
 Date March 5th. 1915. 
 
 BOHEMIAN. 
 Issue Paper. Location 
 
 D American Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 S!W Amerlkan Chicago, 111. 
 
 D Sennl Hlasatel Chicago, III. 
 
 SlW Hlasatel Chicago, 111. 
 
 D Hlas Lidu Ne^ York City. 
 
 BilW Hospodar Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 D New Yorske I.;isty N&w York City. 
 
 W Osveta Americka Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 W Pokrok Zapadu Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 D Svornost Chicago, 111. 
 
 CROATIAN. 
 D Narodni List New York Clly. 
 
 FRENCH. 
 
 D Courrier des Etats-Unis New York City. 
 
 D Ti'Avenir National Manchester, N. H 
 
 GREEK 
 
 D Atlantis , Ne*w York City. 
 
 W Greek Star Chicago, 111. 
 
 HUNGARIAN. 
 
 D ,. Amerikai Magyar Nepszava Neav York City. 
 
 D Elore New York City. 
 
 D Szabadsag Nelw York City, 
 
 ITALIAN. 
 
 D Bollettino della Sera NeKv York City. 
 
 W Gazzetta del Massachusetts Boston, Mass. 
 
 W II Minatore Scranton, Penna. 
 
 D II Progress© Italo -Americano Ne>w York City. 
 
 W T,a Follia de New York Ne»w York City. 
 
 T|W L'ltalia Chicago, 111. 
 
 D L'Opinione Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 .lEWISH. 
 
 D Daily Jewish Courier Chicago, 111. 
 
 W Der Amerikaner New York City. 
 
 D .Jewish Daily Forward New York City. 
 
 D Jewish Daily News New York City. 
 
 D Jewish Daily Press Chicago, 111. 
 
 D Jewish Daily Warheit New York City. 
 
 D Jewish Morning Journal Ne\v York City. 
 
 I> • Jev/Ish World Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
480 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 D Jewish World Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 D Phila. Jewish Daily Forward Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 D Phila. Jewish Daily Warheit Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
 P Phila. Jewish Morning Journal Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
 D St. Louis Jewish Daily Press St. Louis, Mo. 
 
 W Big- Stick New York City. 
 
 LiITHUANIAN. 
 W Katalikas Chicago, JU. 
 
 NORWEGIAN -DA NISPL 
 
 W , Minneapolis Tidende Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 S|W Scandinaven Chicago, 111. 
 
 POLISH. 
 
 D Dziennik Chicagoski ... Chicago, 111. 
 
 D , Dziennik Dla Wszystkich Buffalo, N. Y. 
 
 W Echo Niedzielno .• Chicago, III. 
 
 SlW Gazeta Polska Narodowa Chicago, 111. 
 
 W Glos Narodu • Jersey City, N J. 
 
 W Gwiazda Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 W Gwiazda Palarna . . Stevens Point, Wis. 
 
 D Kuryer Polski Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 W Pennsylvania Gornik Scranton, Penna. 
 
 W Rolnik — Stevens Point, Wis. 
 
 W ... '. . . . Tygodnik Polski New York City. 
 
 W Wielkopolanin Philadelphia, Penna. 
 
 ROUMANIAN 
 T| W Bomanul Cleveland, Ohio. 
 
 RUSSIAN. 
 D Russkoye Slovo New York City. 
 
 RUTHENIAN. 
 T| W Narodna Wola Scranton, Penna. 
 
 SERVIAN. 
 W United Servian Chicago, 111. 
 
 SLOVAK. 
 D ' Slovak V Amerika New York City. 
 
 SWEDISH. 
 
 SlW Nordstjernan New York City. 
 
 W Omaha Posten Omaha, Nebr. 
 
 W Svenska Amerikanaren Hemlandet .... Chicago, 111. 
 
 W Svenska Amerikanska Posten Minneapolis, Minn. 
 
 W Svenska Folkets Tidning Minneapolis, Minn 
 
 W Svenska Kuriren Chicago, 111. 
 
 W , Svenska Roman Bladet Red Wing, Minn. 
 
 W Svenska Tribiinen-Nyheter Chicago, Jll. 
 
 SYRIAN. 
 D Al-Hoda New York City. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I noAv show you Hamraerling Exhibits 5 and 6, and 
 ask you if these are letters written bj^ you? 
 Mr. IIAMMERTJNG. That is my signal urc. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 481 
 
 Maj. HUMES. On the letterhead of the American Leader, dated 
 September 21, 1914? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I offer these letters in evidence. 
 
 (The letters referred to are here printed in the record in full as 
 follows' ) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 5. 
 
 (The American Leader, Published Semi-Monthly by the American Association 
 of Foreign-Languase Newspapers, Inc., Suite 912 — 926 Woolworth Building, 
 
 New Yorlv City ) 
 
 SEPTEMBER 21st, 1914. 
 NR — Personal. 
 
 Mr. PERCY ANDREAPl, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III, 
 
 DEAR MR. A.NDREAE: yVs T have explained to you, Mr. Andreae, we have 
 decided we cannot accept any liquor advertisements for the American Leader, 
 I take this opportunity to thank you most sincerely for your assistance. Our 
 friends stood by us and responded satisfactorily in assisting us to dispose of 
 the space in The American Leader which, was left vacant so suddenly by the 
 steamship companies. 
 
 As we have to submit our yearly report on The American Leader before 
 November 13th, may I aek you as a friend, Mr. Andreae, that the subscriptions 
 to The American Leader for which you are paying for ministers, priests, rab- 
 bis, foreign language papers, (jei-man papers, etc. inasmuch as some do not 
 expire until January and B^ebruary, if you could send us your check for an- 
 other's year's subscription and we will send you a bill as we would like to 
 include this as cash in The American Leader's report and we would, therefore, 
 make a better showing. Of course, we are just asking you to do this and we 
 would appreciate it, but if you cannot do it, just let us know and it will be all 
 right. 
 
 Assuring you we shall be glad to hear from you on this matter, we are 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 THE AMERICAN LEADER, 
 
 LOIMS HAMMERLING, President 
 
 LNHlMlAW 
 
 HAMMERLING PJXHIBIT NO. 6. 
 
 (American Association of Foreign Language New.spapers, Inc., Woolworth 
 Building, New York.) 
 
 SEPTEMBER 21st, 1914. 
 NR — Personal 
 
 MR. PERCY ANDREAE, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. 
 
 DEAR MR. ANDREAE: I hereby confirm your statement and which I have 
 placed on our records, that we shall continue the arrangements from Decem- 
 ber 31st, 1914 to Decebmer 31st. 1915 which we have with you as translators, 
 checkers, stenographers, etc. to handle the Personal Liberty articles and we 
 hereby enclose you duplicate contract properly filled out which please sign 
 returning one copy to us and keeping one for your own flies 
 
 You will notice that this does not include Mr. Joudan's account and for this 
 arrangement we will only bill you up to February 8th, 191.5, From that date, 
 if you decide that Mr. Joudan will be retained, you can pay him direct or 
 through us. 
 
 You will also notice on our contract that the lease of the office that we have 
 rented in connection with your service will expire May 1st, 1916. Everything 
 else with the exception of the office rent referred to will expire December 31st. 
 1915. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 LOUIS HAMMERLING, 
 LNHlMlAW President. 
 
482 BREWING AND LIQUOR aNTERESTS AND GERMAH PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why did you say that you could not accept any 
 liquor advertisements at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In the American Leader? 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that some of the adyertise- 
 ments that we carried would not be permitted to stay in if we did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you did, after that time, have 
 liquor advertisements? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not at that time renew your contract with 
 Mr. Andreae in the American Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This was not advertising. 
 Maj. HUMES. Your contract said ' the personal-liberty articles 
 should be published as advertising*. 
 Mr. HAMMERLLNTG. I know, but this was not the understanding. 
 Maj HUMES. Is it not a fact that your reason for -^vriting that let- 
 ters 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was to get subscriptions, 
 Maj. HUMES. "Was to gather subscriptions, and to deceive the 
 people to whom these very subscriptions were sent as to the nature 
 of the periodical and as to the character of the articles appearing? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 would not say that I was doing it to decei- 
 ve. There was nothing about it to deceive, about an order for so many 
 copies to be sent to certain people. We sent them 
 Maj. HUMES. Why would they pay you thousands of dollars a 
 
 year for subscriptions 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Major, they do it with every newspaper in 
 the United States practically. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why would they pay you thousands of dollars in 
 subscriptions if your attitude was one that v;as opposed to the liquor 
 traffic, if you refused to accept liquor advertisements? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The only answer that I can give you is that 
 we came to an understanding with some of our clients that they did 
 not want to advertise along -with whisky advertisements and things 
 of that kind in the paper. 
 Maj. HUMES. And yet you did carry the personal-liberty articles? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The personal-liberty articles we wrote. It was 
 the desire of the people, and we did it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you agreed to accept no straight 
 liquor advertisements in your paper? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In the Leader? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. So that as a result of the understanding with 
 Mr. Andreae the personal-liberty articles should be sent to ministers 
 and rabbis and would have a better effect if there was no liquor ad- 
 vertisement in the paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If there is such a statement by me, it is cor- 
 rect ; if not, it is not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why did you make that statement at the time that 
 you renewed the contract? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I made that statement for the reason that 
 Mr. Andreae was kind enough to have two of his friends, brewers, 
 offer me page advertisements in the Leader. One of vthem, I think, 
 was in Cincinnati and the other in Chicago. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR )INT12Rt;STS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 483 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At that same time you renewed the contract for the 
 personal-liberty articles ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HU]V:ES. I call attention particularly now to Hammerling 
 Exhibit No. 6, which is a letter dated September 21, 1914, the same 
 day as the Hammerling Exhibit No. 5. Why did you put the contents 
 of those two letters in two separate letters instead of writing one 
 letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINGr. We have written some days a dozen letters. 
 We write letters by the hundreds a day. I can not remember three 
 or four years ago why I wrote two letters on that day. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In other words, September 21, 1914, you wrote one 
 letter to Mr. Andreae saying that you would accept no liquor adver- 
 tisement of any kind, and on the same day you wrote another letter 
 to him renewing a contract for liquor advertiselments, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; according to the letters. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why did you do that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You also renewed the contract for the year 1916. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is Hammerling Exhibit No. 7. a copy of the con- 
 tract ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; that is my signature. 
 
 Maj. mUMES. This is signed by you and Mr. Andreae? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; and I had to gO' to Chicago to do it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I offer Hammerling Exiiibit No. 7 in evidence. 
 
 (The paper referred to is here printed in full in the record as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 7 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL., NOVEMBER 8, 1915. 
 
 (American Association, of Foreign lang-uage Newspapers, Inc. 912-926 Wool- 
 worth Building, New York. — Attention Mr. Louis N. Hammerling, President.) 
 
 MY DEAR MR. HAMMERLING. This is to serve ae a contract from January 
 1, 1916. to January 1, 1917, for which 1 guarantee to pay $2,250 00 monthly for 
 translators in different languages, stenographers, checkers, room rent, postage, 
 expressage, etc. The total amount I guaranteed to pay during this period to 
 be $27,000.00, and there are to be no other cha.rges unless authorized in wiriting. 
 
 Your countersigning this order constitutes the contract. 
 
 Very truly, yours, PERCY ANDREAE. 
 
 'Countersigned: 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATON OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, INC., 
 By liOTJIS HAMMERLING, President. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have a contract Avitli Mr. Andreae or with 
 the National Association of Commerce and Labor after the year 1916? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He did not want it. The brewers would not 
 give him the money. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was not because you did not want it, it was be- 
 cause the brewers did not want it? , 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is what I said — they did nat want it. 
 
484 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. One moment. I want to see if I have a correct 
 understanding of this. This contract for translators, checkers, etc., 
 just mentioned there, was to compensate the American Association 
 of Foreign Language Newspapers for translating personal-liberty 
 articles into various languages and having them inserted in various 
 foreign-language ncAvspapers. Is that correct? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. That is correct, Mr. Ilammerling? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. These personal-liberty articles were articles 
 written 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. By Mr. Andreae. 
 
 Senator AVOLCOTT. And published under your name? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIN^G. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. The contents of which were designed to ope- 
 rate against prohibition? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. So that the scheme really was for you to dis- 
 seminate through the foreign-language newspapers liquor articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Is not that the conclusion to be drawn? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not liquor articles, for the reason that the 
 personal-liberty articles — — 
 
 Senator WOLCOT^r. .\ntiprohibition articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Personal-liberty articles covered more than 
 prohibition. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Yon just told me a moment ago that they 
 were written in tlie interest of opposition to prohibition. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you want to call it that way. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Is not that the fact? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am not in favor of prohibition myself. Of 
 course, that is my feeling about the matter. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. I am. not asking 3^'ou your views. Do not let us 
 quibble. Mr. Andreae was interested in combating prohibition. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT : He wrote the personal-liberty articles in that 
 interest. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I suppose so. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Don't you know it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I v/ould say yes. 
 
 Senator Wolcott. And you published them over your name? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Through these papers and g'ct paid for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Can you escape the conclusion that Mr. An- 
 dreae was em.ploying your association for the purpose of dissemi- 
 nating antiprohibition propaganda? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If that is the way it is interpreted, yes. I did 
 not know there was anything wrong in it. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. I am not saying there is anything wrong 
 about it. > . vv,„|j 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pardon me, I admit that I am not posted as 
 well as I should be on these things. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In addition to the contracts that have been alread.y 
 called to your attention and subjuitted, you had eontract/S by which 
 
BREWING AND LIQ L' OT. INTEI^ESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 485 
 
 a very large nnmber of subscriptions were paid for by Mr. Andreae 
 and sent to various people througliout the country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you any idea as to liovi^ many subscribers you 
 were supplied through Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember; perhaps a thoitsand or 
 fifteen hundred, whatever it is; I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What is the greatest subscription list, the largest 
 number of subscribers, the American Leader ever had? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. At one time ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HivMMERLTNG. ])o you want subscribers or copies printed? 
 
 Maj. HUiVi:ES. I mean actually paid subscriptions of any kmd. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Maybe 10,000. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is the highest number? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would not swear; I could not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Approximately, 10,000 is the most you ever had? 
 
 Mr." HAJVIMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that more than half of those were 
 paid for by Mr. Andreae and the United States Brev/ers' Asso- 
 ciation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; not tc my mem or j^ 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hamrtierling Exhibit 8 and ask you if 
 that is one of the bills from the American Leader to Mr. Andreae 
 for subscriptions ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Nineteen fifteen— that is our bill; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This was paid for by Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; T suppose so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He has paid you all of the debts that he owed you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, yes: absolutely. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It is a fact, is it not, that in November, 1915, they 
 paid you for the following subscriptions : To 624 rabbis, 2,002 priests, 
 1,700 ministers, 1,385 German and foreign newspapers, and 206 Po- 
 lish Sokol unions, or a total of 5,890. That is a fact^ is it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That Avould be more than half of the 10,000 sub- 
 scribers you had? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to tliis bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He paid you for this bill ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Less than half— it is $2 a copy. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But $1.50 was your contract with him. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Did you not have a special $1.50 contract with him? 
 There is the price. 
 
 Mr. HAMJ^'IERL1NG. Yes. 
 
 Senator STERLING. And those wer^ subscribers, the names of 
 whom were furnished b;^' Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 ^ Maj. HUMES. Then, in 1915, 5,890 of your subscribers were char- 
 ged to and paid for by Mr. Andreae and the National Association of 
 Commerce and Labor? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Is there anything ivrong about that? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Answer the question. 
 
486 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN^ PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING-. Yes; according to this bill. I know corpora- 
 tions that will order 5,000 copies every day. I do not see anything 
 wrong" about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I offer in evidence Hammerling Exhibit No. 8. 
 
 (The paper referred to is here printed in full in the record as 
 followis :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 8. 
 Duplicate. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov 1, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To The American 
 Leadeir, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign- Language 
 
 t Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Wooiworth Building. Terms: Cash on presentation 
 of bill. 
 
 To renewal of subscriptions, beginning Nov. 1, 191 S, for one year, 
 at the special rate of $1 50 per annnni, for.tlie following: 
 
 624 Rabbis $936.00 
 
 2,002 Priests 3,003.00 
 
 1,700 Ministers 2,550.00 
 
 1,358 German 'and Foreign Newspapers 2,037.00 
 
 206 Polish Sokol Union 309.00 
 
 $8,835.00 
 O K. — ^Percy Andreae. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you receive any other bonuses of any kind from 
 Mr. Andreae in financing your enterprise? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Bonuses? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he ever pay you a commission or perceintage on 
 the office help that you hired? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In my office? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never. I think he made a Chritetmas present. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Christmas present? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUM.ES. Was this Christmas present made as a result of a 
 demand from you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj HUMES. You demanded a Christmas present for your em 
 ployees ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING Yes They have plenty of money— why not? 
 I do not see anything wrong about it. 
 
 Maj. HUIIES. I show you Hammerling Exhibit No. 9. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. There is nothing v.'^rong about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I ask you if Mr. AndreftC did not pay you 10 per 
 cent upon the salary of your office force? 
 
 Mr. HAlVCyiERLlXG. It show.^ whnt it is paid for— for Chnstma^ 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where does it show that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The letter will show it, if you will pardon me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where is the letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It must be here, and if not, Mr. Andreae is 
 alive, and he will tell the truth. He thought that the thing was 
 going so successfully that lie wanted thesei people to have something. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. As a matter of fact you actually billed Mr. Andreae 
 for 10 per cent of the salary of certain employees in your office foi" 
 the year 1915? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 487 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; and he gave it to me. 
 
 Maj HUMES. He paid you a commission ? 
 
 Mr. H AMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you collected not only a oottomission on the 
 advertising but a commission on the office expenditures from you' 
 papers as well? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If they paid it, why not? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The American Leader was owned by the American 
 Association of Foreign Language Newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. AVere not all of the foreign-languagte newspapers 
 sulbscribers, and did they not get copies of the Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Before I go any further with that I wiU offer in evi- 
 dence at this point Hammerling Exhibit No. 9. 
 
 (The paper referred to is here printed in the record in full as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 9. 
 
 NEW YORK, Dec. 15, 1915 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American Lea- 
 der Dr., Published by the American Association of Foreign Language News- 
 papers, Inc. 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To 10% of total amount of salaries paid to the ]5 employees, during 
 the year 1915 $2,518.00 
 
 O. K. — Percy Andreae. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Why was it necessary for you to collect from Mi. 
 Andreae a subscription price for each one of these papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that the papers did not pay 
 for it, and he wanted them to get it sure. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you did not gratuitously send th.e American 
 Leader out to all the papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Wo did if we could not get somebody to pay 
 for it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was a graft game? 
 Mr. HjVUMERLING. It was not a graft game. 
 Maj, HUMES. If you had not g'ot the money from him, you would 
 have sent them anyway? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, I pursued what I learned in this country 
 from the newspapers; I would like to see sotaie of tbem here, they 
 are all doing it. It is no graft game. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibit No. 10, a bill for 
 subscriptions to 624 rabbis for the American Leader, beginning with 
 the issue of August 27. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is correct. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You received the money for that from Mr. Andreae? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to the bill, I did not receive the 
 money. I do not even open the mail. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I offer in evidence Hammerling Exhibit No. 10. 
 
488 BREWING AND LTQL'OI-l INTERFSTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 (The paper referred to is here printed in full in the record as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLUNG EXHIBIT NO 10. 
 
 NEW YORK, JULY 31. 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To The American 
 Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To 624 subscri])tions to The Ajnerican Leader, for Rabbis, beginning 
 
 with issue of August 27l;h — for one year (at the special price of $1.50) - $936.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION" OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, INC. 
 Per E. TOEDT. 
 Paid, Aug. 18, 1915. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. I show yon now Hammi-rling Exhibit No. 11. That 
 is a bill of yours for 28 subscriptions for Hungarian priests. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If he sent them iii, we sent them. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. You got the money for them from Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. In fairness to you, I want to giet on the re- 
 cord what you probably would like to have there. Did you say that 
 the 10 per cent Christmas pre.ient that Mr. Andreae contributed was 
 paid by you to the employees ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. I did not think you made that statement. You 
 would want that to appear? 
 
 Mr. HjVMMERLING. It is true. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I offer in evidence at this point Hammerling i^x 
 hibit No. 11. 
 
 (The paper referred to is here printod in full in the record as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT NO. 11. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 7, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To The American 
 Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To 26 subscriptions for Hungarian priests at special price of Jl 50 
 per subscription (each subscription from issue of May 14th, 1914, 
 to May 14. 1915) $42.00 
 
 AMERICAN .ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, INC. 
 Per E, TOEDT. 
 Paid, May 13, 1914. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In the conduct of your business, did you have any- 
 thing to do with the German new,spapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMTMERLING. Just in ref^pect to the personal liberty arti- 
 cles; no advertising. They would not joii'. us, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you send the personal liberty articles to the 
 German newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Mr. Andreae arranged it with them. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Did you ever during that time come in contact with 
 the German-American Alliance. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 489 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Do yon know anj^thing; aooiit the German-Araeriean 
 Alliance? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Only wliat I saw in the newspapers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do yon knoAV Max Heinrici? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did yon over onme in eontaet with him in con- 
 nection with this work? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not Avith the German Alliance. He was to 
 translate personal-liberty articles in German, for which we paid him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. For whom was he translating these articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMER] jING. For the American Association. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Max Heinrici was th^ erlitor of the official bulletin 
 of the German-American Alliance. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 do not know. Mr. Andreae said that he v/as 
 a good translator, and we got him. I did not know him from Adam. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you mean that he eanie into your office and did 
 the translating? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. We sent it to him by mail at some place 
 m Germantown, Pa. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do a'ou knoAv him personally? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I met him three of four times. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In what connection? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In regard to these translations. He was a 
 kind of a nervous man, and every year he thong'ht that he was going 
 to lose his job, and I would cheer him np; that is all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went to see him, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I went to see him; yes. I think I did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that yon were in communication 
 with and conferred with Max Heinrici at the expense of Mr. An- 
 dreae ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of course, if it Avas in connection with per- 
 sonal-liberty articles 1 made him pay for it. Why should I pay it? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You also acted in connection with the German 
 newspapers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; outside of sending them these articles. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What is your nationality? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am half Polish and half Bohemian. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. "Where were you born? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In Galicia. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. How old were you when you came to this 
 country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Nine. 
 
 Senator OA^ERMAN. Are you naturalized f 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you now llammerling Exhibit No. 12 and 
 ask you if these are the checks that yon leceived and the bills that 
 yen transmitted covering the ex^penses of your communications with 
 and tranaetions with Max Heinrici? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ye^. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Those checks and bill j are offered in evidence, to- 
 gether with the indorsement on the back of the checks. 
 
490 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 (Thei papers referred to are here printed in full in the record as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMEKUXa I^XHIBIT NO. 12. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 25. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. To The Ame 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 9';2-926 Wooiv^orth Building 
 
 To printing letter of May 23. address to Gerrnaji newspapers, by Mr. 
 
 ECeinrick .,. $25.00 
 
 To cost of letter heads an<i envelopes ...,-. 15.00 
 
 To postage for 461 letters 18.44 
 
 To hotel and traveling expenses ^,.0 Philadelphia and return 30.50 
 
 $88.94 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LiANOUAGE NEWSPAPERS, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 Paid June 1. 1914. 
 No. 979 CHICAGO, May 29, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribime Building 
 
 Pay TO the order of Americap Leader Eighty Eight Dollars Ninety Four Cents 
 $88.94. 
 
 GALES M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
 (Endorsement.) The Ameriean Leader. For deposit in the Northwestern 
 Trust & Savlng.s Bank Account of American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers, Jnc. 
 • M. C. LEPFLHR, Treasurer. 
 
 NEW YORK. May 29. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Am'e 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building 
 
 To telegram sent May 12th $2.93 
 
 To telegram sent in re Helnrici matter May 1 5th 2.30 
 
 To day letter received May ". 5. 1914 1.05 
 
 $6.28 
 To telegram of Helnrichy on May 16th 1914 $1.03 
 
 ^ $7.31 
 
 "^ AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 Paid .Tun. 6. 1S14. 
 
 No. 1015. CHTCAGO. June 3. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader. Seven Dollars Thirty One Cents, $7.31 
 
 GALES M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
 (Endorsement.) The American Leader. For deposit in the Northwestern 
 Trust & Savings Bank Ac-couni of American Association of IToreign Language 
 Newspapers, Inc. 
 
 M. C. LEFFLER. Assit.Treasurer. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 491 
 
 NEW YORK. July 2. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworih Building 
 
 To railroad fare to Philadelphia, Pa. and return $5.00 
 
 To dinner with Mr. Heinrici $6.80 
 
 To hotel expenses $6.25 
 
 $17.05 
 
 .'AMERICAN ASSOCIATIO;^ OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 Paid .!iil. 9, 1i:U 
 
 No. 1251 CHICAGO. July 7. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Seventeen Dollars Five Cents. 17.05. 
 
 GALES M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
 (Endorsement.) The American Leader. For deposit in the Northwestern 
 Trust cc Savings Bank. Account of American Association of Poreiafn Language 
 Newspapers, Inc. 
 
 M. C. LEPFLER. Asst. Treasurer. 
 
 NEW YORK. July 13, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912^926 Woolworth Building 
 
 To printing letter of .Tuly TJ, 1914. addressed to German newspapers 
 
 by Mr. Heinrici $17.00 
 
 To cost of letter heads and envelopes , 15.00 
 
 To postage for 547 letters '!0>94 
 
 To hotel and traveling o.pen.ses to Philadelphia and return 27.35 
 
 $70.29 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCLVTION i)F FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. . 
 
 Paid Jul. 17. 1914. 
 
 CHICAGO, July 15, 1914. 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Seventy Dollars Twenty-Nine Cents, 
 $70.29. 
 
 GALES M. HARTLEY. Secty, 
 
 (Endorsement.) The American Leader. For deposit in the Northwestern 
 Trust & Savings Bank. Acrount of American Association of Foreign Language 
 Newspapers, Inc. 
 
 M. C. LEPFLER. Asst. Treasurer. 
 
492 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have anything to do with trying to reacli 
 Ihe Memberis of the Houre and the Senule in matters in which Mr. 
 Andrcae was interested V 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. 1 do not remet'er a thing about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I shov: you Hammerh'ngs Exhibit No. 13. a bill 
 made by you to Percy Andreae for telegi^amis, as per jnclosed copy, 
 1o 96 Senators and 435 (Congressmen, m $2.32 each, and ask you 
 what the occasion of that was? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. ]n 1914, I thiii'^^, they sent us a telegram 
 and the bill that v/as to be presented to Congress, and they wanted 
 us to have these (papers make a protest. 
 
 Maj. HTBIES. Do you knov/ what tte bill was? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was it a matter that you had any interest in 
 yourself? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know a thing about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. AVas it a matter that your pa(piers had any inteirest 
 in? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Our papers, with the exception of the 
 Scandiinavian, 1 think, are all interest'- d to-day. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In other words, j^ou sold the influence of your 
 HSisociation for the puripose of undertaidng to influence legislation 
 .at the request and instance ot' Mr. Andreae and the Brewer's Asso- 
 ciation, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAM]V[I<]RLING. AVell, if you iuterpret it in that Avay, but 
 I do not think there Avas any such purpose. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You sent the toiegrams to Congress? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to this bill. I do not know 
 whether they fvere sent by me or by the pTiblishers 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. It v/as done under your authority. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to this bill; yes. 
 
 Senator STERLING. AVhat is the d(;t( of that bill? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. May 11, 1914. 
 
 Senator AYOLCOTT. That bill is for ever 500 telegrams. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Those telegrams did not emanate from your 
 office, did they? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I really do not tliimk so. I think they were 
 Kent out from all over tlie country. I would havoj to looik at the 
 'correspondence to tell. 
 
 Senator "WOT^COTT. I am curious to know how you could get all 
 of these foreigr. language ne^vspapers lo send these telegrams for 
 which you were paid if your only cOMuection with theise news- 
 papers was of an advertising nature. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of course, the question about our con- 
 nection with these newslpapers that you gentlemen quer-tion me about 
 is that we have remedied the tremendous wrongs that were done for 
 years to these japers, and they were glad to do anything that I sug- 
 gested.' 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You did have some influence with them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, yes. 
 
 Senator AYOLCOTT. And that inflvence extended to getting 
 them interelsted in an aetivit}'- tliat was tMilirely dissociated from your 
 advertising contracts ? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 493 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of oonrse, in this case it shows that way; 
 yes. ' ' ': ' *# 
 
 Senator STERLING. Do you not recall tc what siilDJect theise te- 
 legrams related that were pending before Congress? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 could not tell you. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Maj. Humes, can you tell ns what this legisla- 
 tion was f.bout? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. T think I can discljse that by the files already 
 offered in evidence the other day. Exhibit 807 is a telegram sent 
 by Percy Andreae and addressed to Edward A. Schmidt, of the Ro- 
 bert Schmidt Ale Brewing Co., Philadelphia., dated May 11. 1914. and 
 
 IS as follows: 
 
 The following telegram, sent by directors of American Association 
 
 of Foreign Language Newspapers, has been sent to-day to every 
 
 Senator and Congressman in Washingtoji. 
 
 "The American Association of Foroigli liangunge Newsipapers,. 
 with a circulation of over 7.000 000 rene] ing 20.000.000 citizens pro- 
 tests emphatically on behalf of the overwhelming majority of those 
 citizens against Hobson, the resolution providing for national prohi- 
 bition, Our people consider same unwarranted interference vnih 
 lights guaranteed them under the Federal Constitution, and will 
 resent the passage of the resolution, \v]iich is desigi.ed to destroy 
 their most cherished customs and de,prne citizens generally of the 
 individnal liberty which is as dear to thi m as life itself Almost en- 
 tire foreign-language press has for the past three months voicel 
 this sentiment in strongest possible terras and with, full concurrence 
 of its millions of readers. ■ ' 
 
 Is that the telegraTu referred to? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ye:s; I remenibtr that Mr. Andreae got it 
 np. -- 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Were you and Mr Andreae together Avhen tlia+ 
 telegram was made up? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. He was either in New York or lie sent 
 it in by mail. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It had your aplproval before it Avas sent? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not see anytliing wrong in it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who sent the telegram? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I really do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Andreae says here that it wa-s sent by the 
 directors. "Who were the directors at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The same as they are to-day. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You have not had an election since? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. "We elect them every year. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You own and control the assoeiation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T do not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The stockliolders ' meetings are a perfunctory 
 matter ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. According to the charter the common stock- 
 holders have a vote, and we are to get them by proxy or they conib 
 in. I have a majority; I control it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You have practically all of the common stock? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; I have $29,000 out of $50,000. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You are going to furnish us with a list of the 
 stockholders ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. T offer in evidence at this point Hammerling 
 Exhibit No. 13, to'gether with the checks attached, showing payment. 
 
494 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 (The papier referred to, with tlie accomjpanying check is here 
 jirinted in full in the record as follows:) 
 
 HAMMEKIiING EXHIBIT Nd. 13. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 11, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Publfshed bv the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To telegrams, as per enclosed copy, to 96 senators and 435 con- 
 gressmen (at $2.32 each) $li,231nS2 
 
 Other telegrams in connection with t?.'e matter 8.69 
 
 $1,240.61 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid May 15, 1914. 
 
 No. 869. CHICAGO, May 13, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9), Tribune Building, 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader One thousand two hundred forty dol- 
 lars, sixty-one cents, $1,240.61. 
 
 GAIjE M. hartley, Secty. 
 
 (Endorsement.) The American Leader. For deposit in the North Western 
 Trust & Savings Bank. Account of American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc. 
 
 M. C. LEFFLER, Asst. Treasurer. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. It is not clear to me just how this telegram 
 went. From the bill rendered to Mr. Andreae there most have been 
 over a thousand distinct telegrams coming from various parts of the 
 country here to Washington, and yet I gather, from what Mr. Ham- 
 merling has just said that the telegram originated from his office in 
 New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I think if you will look at the bill very carefully 
 you will see that there was only one telegram sent to reach Repre- 
 sentative and Senator. 
 
 Senator NELSON. They were all of the same kind? 
 
 Maj. HUMES They were the same telegram. 
 
 Senator NELSON. And the same signature, I suppose? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I assume so. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. They were all sent by the American Asso- 
 ciation of Foreign Language Newspapers? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. By the directors, according to Mr. Andreae 's tele- 
 gram. Mr. Hammerling, did you communicate with the foreign- 
 language newspapers of the country before you sent this telegram? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We always do. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Did you in this case? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember exactly, but anything 
 we send that is signed, we first ask them for the signature before we 
 send it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There were some 500 or 600 foreign-language news- 
 papers, were there not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AN!D GERMAN PROPAGANDA 495 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The bills give $8.69 for the other teleg!rams that 
 were necessary to secure the crystallization of sentiment that resulted 
 in the telegram to the Members of the Senate and the House. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. "We never send them a telegram. "We send 
 them our circular letter. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Have you any record that will throw more light on 
 that transaction? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know of any. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. "We will take a recess at this point until 3 
 o 'clock. 
 
 (Therenjpon, at 12 o 'clock noon, the com'mittee stood in recess until 
 3 o'clock p. m.) 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION. 
 
 The subcommittee reconvened, pursuant to the taking of the recess, 
 at 3 o'cloek p. m., Senator Lee S. Overman (ehaittnan) ^presiding. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. LOUIS N. HAMMERLING— Resumed. 
 
 Maj. HUMES I show you this paper marked "Hammerlinig Ex- 
 hibit No. 14," and ask you if that is a bill submitted by you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (after examination of paper). That is our 
 bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And that is the check attached, paying the bill? 
 
 Mr. ILVIVIMERLING. That is our biH. 
 
 (The bill and check referred to are here printed in the record as 
 follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 14 ♦ 
 
 NEW YORK, April 9, 1914 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae. 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To 599 subscriptions for German newspapers at special price of $1.50 
 
 per subscription $898.50 
 
 Cost of writing letters to 599 German newspapers and stationery . . . 16.50 
 Postage, including return stamped envelopes 23.96 
 
 $93896 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid Apr. *5, 1914. 
 
 ^^o T^3. CHICAGO, 4—13. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American leader Nine Hundred Thirty-eight Dollars 
 Ninety-six Cents. $938.96. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. This reads "To 599 subscriptions for German 
 newsipa(pers at special price of $1.50 per subscription, $898.50." 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And "Cost of writinjg letters toi 599 German news- 
 papers and stationery, $16.50." 
 
496 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And ''Postage, including return stamiped envelopes, 
 $23.96." 
 
 Mr. HA:\IMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And tliat was paid for by Mr. Andreae of the 
 National Association of Commerce and Labor? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know just what it says, there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was paid for by Mr. Andreae? It was billed 
 by yoTi to Andreae? 
 
 Mr. H.^MMERLING. Yes ; we send the Leader wherever it is 
 subscribed for. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Where is the Leader -published, in Phila- 
 delphia or New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibits No. 15 and No. 
 16 and ask you if that is a bill rendered by you to Mr. Andreae and 
 if this is the check in payment of the same? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 (The bill and check referred to are here printed in full in the 
 record as follows :") 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 15. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 6, 191S. 
 
 Mr, Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michician Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To setting- up and printing- proofs on German Persona' Liberty article — 
 2 months — May and Jure at $6.00 per article (4 articles) $2-1.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANG": J AGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid June 10, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 16 
 
 CHICAGO, June 8, 1914. 
 Union Trust Comcany (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Twenty Four Dollars, S24.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, That is for the setting up and printing of iproofs 
 in German of these personal liberty articles'? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; on personal liberty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibits Nos. 17 -and 18, 
 and ask you if they are a bill submitted by you to Mr. Andreae and 
 the check in payment thereof covering articles furnished by you to 
 German newspatpers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. By The American Leader;. yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What were the articles! 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. On personal liberty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Articles 10, 11, and 12," it says in the bill. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; tliey are all numbered. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The personal liberty articles went by numbers, 
 did they? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 497 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINT,. Yes. Paraon me, Major; T said "yes." I 
 want to take a look at my record and get it straight. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All riglit. 
 
 Mr. HAMMBRLING (after examining papers). Yes (indicating 
 in paper). 
 
 (The check and bill referred to are here printed in full in the 
 record as follows:) 
 
 IIAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No 17. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 23, 1914 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Ml. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dp. Published bv the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To postage for articles (No. 10, 11 & 12) ■^ent to the German newspapers $34,04 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toed*. 
 Paid June 29, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. IS 
 
 No. 1144. CHICAGO, June 26, 1914 
 
 Union Trust Comnany (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Thirty-four Dollars Ninety-four Cents, 
 $34.94. 
 
 GA.LE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I sliO"^ you Hammeriing Exhibits Nos. 19 and 20, 
 and ask you if that Dill is for articles furnished to German news- 
 papers by the Leader and the cheek is in payment thereof? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The same thing; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And paid for by Mr. Andreae ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 (The bill and check last referred to are here printed in full in the 
 record as follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 19. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 9, 914 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building, 
 
 To postage on articles sent to Gei-man newspapers during July $21.88 
 
 AMEl'JCAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGTJAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid July 16, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 20. 
 
 No. 1301. CHICAGO, July 14, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company f_2-9). Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader TWenty-one Dollars Eighty-eight 
 Cents, ^1.88. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
498 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you testify that in th© ordinary transaction 
 of your business you liaid no transactions with German newisjpapers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No sir; we did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. To what extent did you deal with German new3- 
 palpers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Just on these personal-liberty articles. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just on the personal-liberty articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you, either personally or through some of your 
 officers or agents, communicate with and confer with German news- 
 papers or editors ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We wrote them letters ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You wrote them letters? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; we wrote them letters, advising them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Advising them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; of the arrangements made. We sent 
 them these letters. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you call on them personally? 
 
 Mr. H.A.MMERLING. No, sir, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The German newspapers were not in that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; they were not. Herman Ridder 
 did not want to deal with the foreign papers. He spoke of them in 
 public, and I think all of you saw it, as hunkies, and said that he 
 RTOuld never sit with the hunkies and the Italian races. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What is that? 
 
 Hr. HAMIVIERLING. He called them ''the hunkies" and the 
 other, Latin, races "dagoes." A few years later they would have 
 been very glad to come in. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you the list of papers to which you sent these 
 letters? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We sent to the entire list. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. To the entire list of German newsipaipiers of the 
 country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Some of them published it and some 
 did mot. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you make it a business, yourself, or did you on 
 occasion travel about to help Mr. Andreae in his propaganda, pur- 
 porting to represent these foreign-language newspapers of the 
 country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think I made one stpeech with Mr. Andreae 
 I was with him in Chicago in 1913. We were the guests of the city. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were the guests of the city? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is that the only trijp you made as their agent? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the best that I can remember. As their 
 agent? I was not their agent. I was invited by Gen. Dickinson, as 
 the chairman of the citizens, who wanted me to speak on Washing- 
 ton's Birthday, at the Auditorium in Chicago. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who paid the expenses of that trip? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. The association paid all of them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The Foreign Language Newspaper Assiociation ? 
 
 Mr. HA]\TMERLTNrG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did not bill that to Mr. Andreae, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 499 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever make any trips on behalf of the asso- 
 ciation that you controlled for Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG, I think I did, but not at that time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Upon what occasions did you make trips that you 
 billed to him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I do not remember, Major, exactly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not go to Cleveland at the exlpense of Mr. 
 Andreae for the purpose of carrying on his pro(paganda? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Well, I handled it in Cleveland, I thinik, one 
 year or twto years. I do not remember if it was Mr. Andreae who 
 paid it, or who paid it. The brewers (paid it. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You said the brewers paid it? 
 
 Mr. HAMjMERLING. Yes ; they were ninniiig under some other 
 name. I have forgotten what it was. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. The National Association of Oommeirce and 
 Labor? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. In some county ; Ouyahoiga County organiza- 
 tion, or something like that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went out at their request and alptpeared on 
 some occasion? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes, sir ; I think I did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you remember when that was? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you go from September 18 to Septem- 
 ber 20, 1914, and stop at the Statler Hotel? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Cleveland. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that Cleveland or Buffalo ot some other city? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I really do not know. T go to Buffalo and 
 Cleveland and the Detroit hotels sometimes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I will refresh your recollection by calling your 
 attention to Hammerling Exhibits Nos. 21, 22, and 23, the first being 
 a bill rendered by the American Leader to Percy Andreae, "To ac- 
 commodations from September 18 to September 20, inclusive, as (per 
 hotel statement attached, and expenses," the amount being $194.64, 
 and other items, as follows : 
 
 To drinks and cigars at Bohemian Club $30.00 
 
 To taxloabs 15.80 
 
 To telegrams 4.90 
 
 To long-distance telephone calls to different parts of Ohio 9.80 
 
 To tips including those at publishers' luncheon 22.00 
 
 To drinks with publishers after luncheon ,, 10.00 
 
 To Sunday automobile — luncheon with six priests and four publishers 53.00 
 
 $340.14 
 
 The total of this bill is $340.14. 
 
 Does that refresh your recollection in regard to that transaction? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; I went there on the Cuyahoga County 
 business. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you going to solicit advertising for the 
 foreign-language newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went out there as the rejpresentative of the 
 foreign-language newslpapers, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes ; that is what I dp all the time. 
 
500 BREWING AND LinUOK INTERESTS AND GERMAN I'RUJ.'AGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, how did you ha.ppeu to bill the exiplense of 
 the trip to Mr, Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. He handled it. Mr. Andreae and Mr. Hart- 
 ley handled it. Mr. Andreae is the chairman lof that committee. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Of what committee? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTJNG. Of that Cuyahoga County committee; and 
 Mr. Hartley is secretary. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Ordinarily, when you go out to secure advertising 
 for a man, does he pay the expenses of your soliciting the advertis- 
 ing? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If I have to go to get these papers together ; 
 yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is what you went for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. AVhy were ycu teleiphoning to different points in 
 Ohio? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that I did not want to igo 
 there. 
 
 Maj. HUMP'S Why were you buying drinks and cigars at t'ne 
 Bohemian Club; what did that have to do with it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that I was there. I always 
 go around among the ipeo'ple in a city. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Who ^yerQ these priests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They were all connected there with the 
 papers, and those publishers. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN Yon did that to influence those publications? 
 
 Mr. HATilMERLING. Oh, no, no. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You did not influence the priests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The average priest is more in favor of per- 
 sonal liberty in drinks than publishers are. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What kind of ipriests were they; Catholic 
 priests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 (The bill and check Inst referred to, Avith attached receipt, are 
 here printed in full in the record as follows:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 21. 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 21, 1914. 
 
 Mr, Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, IJI. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To accommodations for L. N. Hammerlins and E. H. Jaudon at 
 Statler Hotel, from Sept. 18th to Sept. 20th, inclusive, as per hotel 
 
 statement atached, and expeAsies for L. N. Hammerling $194.64 
 
 To drinks and cigars at Bohemian Club 30.00 
 
 To taxicabs 15.80 
 
 To telegrams . . • • 4'.90 
 
 To long distance telephone calls to different parts of Ohio 9.80 
 
 To tips including those at publishers' luncheon 22.00 
 
 To drinks with publishers .after luncheon 10.00 
 
 To Sunday automoble — luncheon with six priests and four publishers 53.00 
 
 340.14 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 501 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 22. 
 No. 1856. CHICAGO, Sept. 26. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9)" 
 
 Pay to the order of American Association of Foreign Languages Three 
 Hundred Forty Dollars Fourteen Conis, $340.14. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 23. 
 
 Chicago, Sept. 26, 1914. 
 
 Received of National Ass'n of Commerce and Labor, Three hundred and 
 Forty 14—100 Dollars, $340.14. 
 
 Expenses Publishers' meeting, Cleve'iand. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 M. C. LEFFLER, Asst. Treasurer. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling, did you on any other occasion 
 go to Cleveland? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINCl. I think I did ; twice. Two years I managed 
 that advertisement. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, You never went twice in the same year? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did yoii not, in July, 1914, only 60 days before the 
 occasion just referred to, gio to Cleveland, and submit a bUl for your 
 expenses, of $108.70, to Mr. Andreae ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (after examining paper). I went there to 
 arrange an address that Mr. Andreae wanted made on July 4, in the 
 park there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were in this country, were you, on July 18, 
 1914? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLLNG. July 18, 1914? I do not think so. 
 Maj. HUMES. Then how did you happen to go there to make an 
 address for Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know the date. Is this bill that 
 date? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The bill is dated. I called your attention to the 
 date ; July 18, 1914. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Major, I could not be in two places at the 
 same time ; so that I do not know anything about it. You are show- 
 ing me a bill that goes out by the hundreds every week. If I was in 
 Europe, I could not be in. Cleveland. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was my understanding. You have billed 
 Mr. Andreae. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not. I never made a bill since I have 
 been in business. That is my company. 
 Maj. HUMES. You own the company? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; T own most of the stock. 
 Maj. HUMES. It is a one-man company? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It is not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You never hold a stockholders' meeting? 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. I do. Everyone is notified wlio holds ,^tock. 
 Maj. HUMES. You hold an annual meeting? 
 
502 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND QERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMEBLTNG. V7e comply with the stook law, the law of 
 the State of New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever igive notice, when you were going to 
 hold a meeting, to the stockholders ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Certainly. The letters and all the proxies 
 are right-there (indicating papers). 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that to stockholders who have asked 
 you ahout annual meetings yoiu have only rejplied by saying that 
 notice was piiblished as required by law, in the newspapers, and 
 that they would have toi find it for themselves? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have complied with the laws of the State, 
 Major. 
 
 Maij. HUMES. Have you written such letters? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I certainly did ; the stockholders that have 
 preferred stock, they are not entitled to notice in writing. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You said on one occasion you went to Oleve^ 
 land tO' arrange a Foturth of July address for Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did one year. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. And this biU was for services on that oc- 
 casion. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was guessing at it. I did not know that 
 it was for that occasion. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You would change that statement, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The items of this bill of July 18, 1914 (referring 
 to Hammerling Exhibit No. 28), are as follows: 
 
 July 3. Luncheon to seven Cleveland publishers ..••.... $30.50 
 
 6. Luncheon to four (4) publishers 15.75 
 
 13. Telephone to Mr. Momand i. . 3,j25 
 
 14. Luncheon to eleven (11) publishers 39.60 
 
 To 14 cuts of Mr. Andreae •• 10.75 
 
 Messenger, telegraph and telephone service ...■^,. 8.86 
 
 $108.70 
 
 The tatal of that bill is $108.70. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, Major, if you will pardon me 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is that something that yoiu have been talking 
 about? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you will pardon me, I think I can recall 
 that thing. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All right. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This was while 
 
 Maj. HUMES It was a bill of the Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; of the American Leader. I am just 
 remembering something. The cost chariged here was published after 
 Mr. Andreae made a sipeech in our pa(pier. 
 
 Maj. HUMES As a matter lof fact, the priests yon speak of, are 
 they not Hungarian reformed priests instead of Catholic priests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; I do not know 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever entertain any Hungarian reformed 
 priests at these luncheons? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not that I know of. 
 
 Maj. HUM!ES. Were you not more in contact with the Hungarian 
 reformed priests than yooi were with any other priests? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I was not. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 503 
 
 (The bill and check last referred to are here printed in the record 
 in full, as follows:) 
 
 HAMMERIilNG EXHIBIT No. 28. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 18, 1914 
 
 Mp. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 July 3. Luncheon to seven (7) Cleveland publishers $30.50 
 
 6. Luncheon to four (4) publishers • • 15.75 
 
 13. Telephone to Mr. Moniand ••.... 3.25 
 
 11. Luncheon to eleven 01) publishers • • 39.60 
 
 To 14 cuts of Mr. Andreae , • • i 10.75 
 
 Messenger, telegraph and telephone service ..». ••.. 8.85 
 
 $108.70 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per M. C. LEFFLFR. 
 
 Paid July 22, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 29. 
 
 No. 1367. CHICAGO, July 20, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9)j Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to ihe order of American Leader, One Hundred Eight Dollars Seventy 
 Cents, $108.70. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, I show you Hammerling Exhibits Nos. 26 and 
 27, "railroad fare to Cleveland, Ohio, and return," and for "hotel 
 exjpenses * * *, including dinner with publishers." Is that a bill 
 that your concern rendered to Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; this is lOur biU. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What were all these trilps to Ohio for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This is where the fight was on State-wide 
 prohibitio'n. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then your a^ssociation was taking an active part 
 in politics? 
 
 Mr. HA]\IMERLING. No ; we were handling the advertising, just 
 like the last two years when ve lost out with the brewers, it was 
 handled by another concern. For instance, we lost out. The United 
 States brewers were mot friendly to deal with us, and they dealt with 
 somebody else. 1 
 
 Maj. HUMES. These a?e for the personal expenses of your em- 
 ployees, are they not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Wlio were there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who is Mr. Momand 
 
 Mr. HAjVIMERLING. He is secretary of the company now. 
 
 Maj. IHJMES. He is secretary of your company? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. He is an officer in the Army, now. 
 
504 BTtEWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERiMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 (The bill and check last referred to are here printed in the record 
 m fnll, as follows :) 
 
 HAMMERTJNr; EXTirP.IT No. 2f5. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 19, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 '-ican Leader, Dr. Published "^v the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To railroad fare to Cleveland, O.. and return, including berth ...... .$32.00 
 
 To travelling and hotel expenses — 2 days Cincluding dinner with pub- 
 lishers) • • 33.55 
 
 **'*^'''' $65.55 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN-LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid June 23, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 27. 
 
 No 1133 CHICAGO, June 21, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company. 
 
 Pay to the Order of The American Leader Sixty Five Dollars and fifty 
 five cents. 
 $65.55 
 
 GAI.E M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibits 30 and 31. Is 
 (hat a bill rendered by your concern to Mr. Andreae and is that the 
 ehecik in payment of the same? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is our bill ; yes, sir. 
 
 (The bill and check are here printed in the record in full, as fol- 
 lows:) 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXPIIRIT No. 30. 
 
 NEW YORK, Dec. 17, 1914 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the .American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building, 
 
 To railroad fare, dinner and hotel expenses in Philadelphia, Pa. — Dec. 15th 
 & Dec. 16th, $33.00. 
 Paid Dec. 23, 1914. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGNT 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 31. 
 
 No. 2556 CHICAGO, December 21st, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 
 Pay to the order of The American Leader Thirty Three Dollars 
 $33.00 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. I shoAv you Hammerling Exhibits Nos. 32 and 33, 
 they being a bill from the American Leader to Mr, Andreae for a 
 dinner for 180 Biohemian priests and a cheeik in payment thereof. 
 Is that a bill rendered by you and a check in payment for the same? 
 
BREWING AND LIOUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 505 
 
 Mr. HAMMERING (after examining papers). Yes; that is our 
 bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What was the pmlpose «l that dinner to those 180 
 priests ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know, sir. The letter shows. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did yon arrange 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. ^Ye arranged throngh the paipers 
 
 Maj. PHJMES. Yon arranged for a dinner at the cost of the Amer- 
 ican Leader and sent the bill to Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; he wanted that dinner so that he 
 could have a chance to talk with them, so that they would listen to 
 him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES And you loaned him the name of your association 
 as a vehicle in order to reach any class of people that he wanted to 
 reach ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I really do not understand the word- 
 ing of it, but I suppose it is so. 
 
 Senator STERLING. What is the date of this meeting covered by 
 this bill? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The bill is dated February 11, ]915. The item k 
 $680 for the 180 guests. 
 
 Now, Mr. Hammerling, you say you were in Euroipe in the summer 
 of 1914? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Bid you, during that summer, get in touch and 
 keep in touch with Mr. Andreae and his organization? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; I kept in touch with the office, not 
 with him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you transact any business with Mr. Andreae 
 while you were in Euroipe? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not that I know of. 
 
 Maj HUMES. I call your attention to Hammerling Exhibits Nos. 
 24 and 25. This is a bill to the American Leader from Mr. Andreae 
 for the "expense for Mr. Hammerling's cable from Europe." What 
 was that fo'r, and for what reason was it eharged to Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is $6. Maybe he wanted to ask m.- 
 some questioaa about making a speech, or something; as much as ^ 
 can remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Then ho was in touch Avith you while you were i^i 
 Europe? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It no doubt came through my office. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He cabled to you whiie you were in Europe, ti 
 your office, and you cahled to the office or to Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. To the office. If he asked me any question 
 about any advertising, the charge was made to the advertiser. 
 
 (The bill and check referred to are here printed in the record m 
 full, as follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLTNC, EXHIBIT No. 24. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 1, 1914. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To expense for Mr Hammpiliny's cable from Europe $6.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANCUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Paid July 8, 1914. Ver E. Toedt 
 
\ 
 
 506 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMBIILING EXHIBIT No. 25. 
 
 No. 1243. CHICAGO, July 6, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order ot American Leader Six Dollars. 
 $6.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I siiow you Ham merling Exhibit No. 34. it being a 
 bill dated August 9, 1915, from the American Leader to Mr. Andreae 
 for $249.95, for hotel expenses, etc., and triip from Cleveland to NeT-^ 
 York. What was that for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It is in connection with that campaign, no 
 doubt. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The 1914 campaign? This is 1915. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I said that we had that for two year.-?, 
 Major. They won out both times when we handled it, and they lost 
 the last time when we did not. 
 
 (The bill referred to is here ;pirinted in the record in full, as fol 
 
 lowis:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 34. 
 
 AUG. 9, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South IViicHigan Avenue. Chicago, Hi. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published bv the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To Hotel expenses, meals, taxicabs, etc., and railroad fares, including trip 
 from Cleveland to New York, $249.95. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per K. Toedt. 
 Paid Aug. 18, 1915. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerling Exhibit No. 35, it being a 
 bill for tickets to Chicago and return for $115.30. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He no doubt wanted to see me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Not "no doubt." What was the business you had 
 with him at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The same thing. I had only o.ne busines? 
 with him, Major. That is the personal-liberty articles. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Just the personal-liberty articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. I never had any other business 
 vuth him. 
 
 Maj. HI"rMES. You never had any lOther business with him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; not that I know of. 
 
 (The bill last referred to is here printed in the record in full, as 
 follows:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 35. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 31, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, 111. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 To amount expended for ticlcets, for Mr. Hammerling, to Chicago, 111., and 
 return $115.30. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPER, INC. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid Aug. 18, 1915. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 507 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you Hammerli2i,g Exhibit No. 36, it beimg a 
 bill for $122.50 for "dictionaries for the following languagies." There 
 are about twenty lor twenty-five different langualges there in that list, 
 the dictionaries being charged at about $5 apiece. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; we bought them. He asfeed us to buy 
 them so that we could verify some quotations. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Where were they kept : in your office, or were they 
 delivered to Mr. Andreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. Yes ; they were keipt in our office. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. They were for the use of these translators that 
 were at work in his service ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; it would be in the same service. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you not know as a matter of fact that there are 
 no dictionaries except cheap dictionaries, for half of the languages 
 that are included in that list? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you will pardon me. Major, I know nath- 
 ing about the details of that. I am just telling you what happened 
 
 Maj. HUMES. For instance, do you not know that there is no 
 English-Serbian dictionary except possibly some little 50-cent pocket 
 dictionary? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know anything about it. It may 
 be that it costs only 50 cents, and yet in England it will cost moie 
 than $10 in their language. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did Mr. Andreae keep up the membershilp of your 
 association in any organizations that yion belong to? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think he wanted us to belong to the Mer- 
 chants' Association, and I think he paid $50 for us, as far as I remem 
 ber. He wanted to belong to it, and was the vice president of the 
 association. We jpaid our o^vn. 
 
 (The bill last referred to is here printed in the reciord in full, as 
 follows:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 36 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 30, 1915. 
 
 •Mr. Percy Andreae', 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To The Ame* 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc., 912-926 Woolworth Building. 
 
 -To dictionaries for the following languag'es: — 
 
 Armenian $5.00 
 
 Bohemian • • 5.00 
 
 Bulgarian '. 5.00 
 
 Croatian • ■ 5.00 
 
 French , ., 7.50 
 
 German 6.00 
 
 Greek 5.00 
 
 Hollandish • • 5.00 
 
 Hungarian , 5.00 
 
 Italian • • 5.00 
 
 Jewish • • 5.00 
 
 Lithuanian 5.00 
 
 Norwegian-Danish 5.00 
 
 Polish • • 5.00 
 
 Portuguese 5.00 
 
 Roumanian • • 5.00 
 
 Russian 5.00 
 
 Ruthenian 5.00 
 
 Servian 5.00 
 
508 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 S^^vak 53 0^ 
 
 ^'ovenic , 5 0^ 
 
 ^"^Panish 5 00 
 
 Swedish 5 00 
 
 S5-rian _ 5 00 
 
 122.50 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show yon these bilLs and ask if tho^e are all bills 
 rendered by Mr. Andreae in different transactions and if the checks 
 are checks received by yon from Mr. Andreae in payment of the 
 bills? 
 
 Mr. a\MMERLING (after examining papers). They are all our 
 bills. 
 
 (The papers referred to. marked as exhibits, are here printed in 
 the record in full, as follows:) 
 
 HAMAlERI.iNG IKITIBIT No. 41. 
 
 FebJ^ 2-14 ■ $2080.00 
 
 Mch. 2-14 2400.00 ok 
 
 " 30-1.4 - ■ 2100.00 
 
 May 4-14 2660.00 ok 
 
 .Tune 1-14 • 2160.00 ok 
 
 July 6-14 2172.00 ok 
 
 Paid by Mr. Ortsiofen. 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXTITBIT No. 42. 
 
 NEW YORK, January 12, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 Michigan Aveniie, Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 rican Leader, Dr. Published by the American Association of Fo;-eign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, Inc. 
 
 For translators, stenographer, postage and stationery from January 1, 1914 
 to February 1, 1914, 1 month — in advance $1,400.00 
 
 a:v:erican association of foreign language newspapers, inc. 
 
 Paid Jan. 16, 3 914 
 Per 1400.00 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 43. 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 CHICAGO, Jan. 14, 1914. No. 241. 
 Union Trust Company Dearborn & Madison Streets 2-9 
 Pay to the order of - L. Hamrnreling $1400.00 Fourteen Rundred Dollars 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 44. 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 CHICAGO, Foby. 4, 1914. No. 17. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 2-5 
 
 Pay to the order of The American Leader, $2080.00 Two Thousand and 
 eight and no-100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIPEN, Treas. 
 
BREWING AND LTQUOU- INTERP:STS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 509 
 
 HAMMERLTNG TilXHLBIT No 45. 
 
 NEW YORK, February 10th, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 So. Michigan Av., Chicago, 111. To American Associa- 
 tion of Foreign Newspapers. Inc. 
 
 To Railroad fare for E. II. .Taudon, from New York to California .... 76.75 
 Sleeper accommodation • • 18.00 
 
 To One month's salary Febrar^' 9th, 1914 ,to March 9th, 1914, for 
 
 E. H. Jaudon, Traveling- Inspector • • 200.00 
 
 To Traveling- expenses for E. TT. Jandon • ■ 180.00 
 
 To one month's salary, February 9th, 1914 to March 9th, for Sam 
 
 Weiss ;...•• 400.00 
 
 To Traveling- expenses for Sam Weiss 100.00 
 
 $974.75 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Feb. 16, 1914. 
 
 TIAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 46 
 (Cancelled Che';"k) 
 
 CHICAGO, Feb. 14, 1914. No. 389. 
 
 Union Trust Company Dearborn & Madison Street? 
 
 Pay to the order of the A}nerican Leader $974.75 Nine Hunderd seventy-four 
 70-100 Dollars. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty^ 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 4T. 
 
 NEW YORK, February 28, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South iVlich!g?n Avenue. Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. American Association of Foreign- L.angu3ge Newspapers, 
 Inc. 
 
 To translators, stenographer, checker.^, po?ta.p,e and stationei-y from March 
 1, 1914 to April 1, 1914— 1 month— in advance— $1,520.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, March 5, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 48 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 No. 446 CHICAGO, 3-2, 1914. 
 
 Unicn Trust Company (2-9) 
 
 Pay to the order of L. .N. Hammerling Twenty Dollars $20.00 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Sscty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 50. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 CHICAGO, Mch. 2, 191— No. 24. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 2-5 
 
 Pay to the Order of The American Leader $2400.00 Twenty four Hundred 
 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
510 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMEHLING EXHIBIT No. 51, 
 (Canceled Check) 
 
 CHICAGO, Mch. 30. 1914. No. 30. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 2-5 
 
 Pay to the Order of The American Leader $2400.0 Twenty Four Hundred 
 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERTiING EXHIBIT No. 52. 
 
 NEW YORK. April 16, 1914. 
 
 Mp. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. American Association of Foreign- Language Newspapers, 
 Inc. 
 
 To rental of office — May Lst, to June ]st, 1914 — (one month) — In ad- 
 vance , • • $70j00 
 
 To salary for stenographer from April 15th to May 1st, 1914 — (one-half 
 
 month) — in odvancjel • • i 50.00 
 
 To salary for checker from April 15th to May Ist, 1914 — (one-half 
 month) — in advance • • i. 30.00 
 
 $150.00 
 
 . AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt, 
 Paid, April 2d, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERIJ.NG- EXHIBIT No. 53. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 727. CHICAGO, April 18, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of The American Leader One Hundred Fifty Dollars 
 $150.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 54. 
 
 NEW YORK, April 22, 1914.^ 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Averue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. American Association of Foreign- Language Newspapers, 
 Inc. 
 
 To 100 half-tones (double column) and expressage on same. $110.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Apr. 27, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 55 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 No. 77B. CHICAGO, 4-30, 191—. 
 
 Union Trust Company Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader. One Hundred Ten Dollars $110.00 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 511 
 
 HAMMBRIiING EXHIBIT No. 56 
 
 NEW YORK, April 23, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michician Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. American A9SOciation of Foreign-Language Newspapers, 
 Inc. 
 
 To 30 yardP of linoleum and 15 yards of rarpet layed complete- -for 
 room 917 Woolworth Building $50.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid Apr. 27, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERL.ING EXHIBjIT No. 57. 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 No. 761. CHICAGO, 2-25 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company (2-9), Tribune Building. 
 Pay to the order of American Leader, Fifty dollars, $50.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMP.RLTNG EXHIBIT No. 58. 
 
 NEW YORK, April 24, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chiqago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To 3 Underw^ood typewriters (at $97.50 eacii) $292.50 
 
 To 4 typewriter desks (at $40.00 each) •• 160.00 
 
 To 4 typewriter chairs (at $6.00 each) • • 24.00 
 
 To 1 wooden cabinet for keeping tran.slated articles in different lang-- 
 
 guajres . .•• 45.00 
 
 To 1 steel file cabinet for ardresses of the German newspaiiers use<I 
 
 daflly ,. 32.00 
 
 To 2 steel correspondence files (at $36.00each) 72.00 
 
 To 1 roll-top desk for extra asJsistant on personal liberty 60,00 
 
 To 1 Flat table for checkin.^ 25.00 
 
 $710.50 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. April 29. 1914. 
 
 HAMMF.RLING EXHIBIT No. 59. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 772. CHICAGO. 4l27. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building, 
 
 Pay to the oi'der of American Leader Seven hundred ten dollars fifty cents. 
 $710.60. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
512 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMER r.ING EXHIBIT No. 60. 
 
 NEW YORK, April, 30, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 So.ith Michirjan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators, srenos'rai)l]ier, cl'.eokers, po.stac;'e and stationery from May 1, 
 J 914, to June 1. l!n4 — 1 montn— in advance, 11,520.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION DF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toodt. 
 Paid, May 7, 1914 
 
 HAMMERLTN'7 EXHIBIT No. 61. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 39. CHICAGO, May 4, 1914, 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $2660 00 Twenty Six Hundred Sixty 
 Dollars. 
 CeK70224Onb 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 62. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, ill. To The Ameri- 
 o can Leader, Dr. 
 
 American A..Srsociation of P'oreign -Language Newspapers To translators, ste- 
 nog-i-aphers, checkers, postage and stationery fi-om June 1, 1914, to July 1, 
 1914 — 1 montli in advance, :;.1,520.C'0. 
 
 AMEFICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 I'er B. Toedt. 
 Paid. June 6. 1914. 
 
 HAMMEIUJNCr EXHIBIT No. 63. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 49. CHICAGO, June 1, 1914. 
 
 Pay to the Order of Amcjican Leadei-, $2160.00 Twenty One Hundred Sixty 
 DoDars. 
 
 .ADAM ORTSEIFEN. Treas. 
 
 HAMMER! ING EXHIBIT No. 64. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 8, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To cost of additional newspaner filins" pockets including filing numbers. 
 $310.51. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Per E. Toedt, 310!51. 
 Paid, June 8, 1914. h. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 513 
 
 HAMMEKLING EXHIBIT No. G5. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 1053. CHICAGO. June 6, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Three Hundred Ten Dollras Fifty One 
 Cents, $310.51. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAM.MERLLNG EXHIBIT No. 66. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 30. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Micliiqan Aveni'e, Chicago, III. To The Amepj- 
 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery from July 1, 
 1914 to August 1. 1914 — 1 month in advance, .$1,520.00 
 
 AMEI^ICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E Toedt. 
 Paid, July 9, 1914 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 67. 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 55 CHICAGO, July 6, 1914. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $2172.00, Two Tousand One Hundred 
 Seventy Two Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 68. 
 No. 1439 CHICAGO, July 30, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Seven Dollars Fifty Cents. $7.50. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 69. 
 
 NEW YORK. July 31. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andre.=»e, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, ill. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators, stenographer, checkers, posta.ge and stationery from August 
 1. 1914 to September 1. 1914 — 1 month in advance $1,520.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Paid. Augr. 5. 1914. Per M. C. LEFFLER. 
 
514 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 70. 
 
 CCancelled Check) 
 
 No. 63, CHICAGO. August 3. 1914. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank. 
 
 Pay to order of American Leader ?2193.88, Twenty One Hundred Ninety 
 Three 881100 Dollarjs, 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN. 
 
 HAMMEELING EXHIBIT No. 71. 
 
 NEVC- YORK, Auffust 31. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigavi Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators ( ptenographers, checkers, postag^e and stationery from Sep- 
 temper 1, 1914 to October 1, 19U — 1 month — in advance, $1,520.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Sept. 10, 1914 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 72 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 72 CHICAGO, Sept. 8, 1914. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank. 
 
 Pay to thfi order of Ann.eiican Leader $3129.88, Thirty One Hundred Twenty 
 Nine 881100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN. Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 73 
 (Cancelled Check") 
 No. 1863 CHICAGO, September 29, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Tliirty Six Dollars Seventeen Cents, 
 
 $36.17 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 74 
 
 NEW YORK, September 30, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3.357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To th© Amerl^ 
 
 'car Leader, D^, 
 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery from Oc- 
 tober 1, 1914 to November 1, 1914 — 1 month — In advance, $1,520.00 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 515 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 75 
 
 NEW YORK. Oct. 19. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago. III. To th© Ameri- 
 can Association cf Foreign Nanguage Newspapers 
 
 To advertising- Lucas County Home Rule in: — 
 Ameryka-Echo, Toledo. Ohio; Kuryer Katolicka, Toledo, Oliio; 
 Toledo Express Toledo Ohio; Voce del Popolo Italiano, Cleveland, 
 
 Ohio , $1,000.00 
 
 Plus 10% Commission 100.00 
 
 $1,100.00 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 76 
 
 No. 2475 CJTICAGO. Dec. 5th. 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Eleven Hundred Dollars. $1100.00 
 
 GAIiE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 77. ■ 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 80 CHICAGO. Oct. 7. 1914. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Tjeadei' $2241.23 Twenty Two Hundred Forty 
 One 23|100 Dollars 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXI-JIBIT No. 78. 
 
 NEW YORK, October 31st. 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader. Dr. 
 
 To translators stenograplier, checkers, postage and stationery from No- 
 vember 1, 1914 to December 1. 1914 — 1 month — in advance, $1,520.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGTJAGB NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Nov. 7. 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 79. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 2. 1914, 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader^ Or. 
 
 To 200 half-tones (double column) and expressage on same. $220.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Nov. 7, 1914. 
 
51 G BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 JIA.MMERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 80. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 2, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 5outh Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 
 To additional amount paid to ..Ametiean", Cleveland, O. — for Home Rule 
 advertising — 280 inches. $220.20. 
 
 AMFeiCAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 
 I^ANGUAGB NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Nov. 7. ID 14. 
 
 HAMMERL,ING EXHIBIT No. 81 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 2195 CHICAGO, Nov. 5, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader ITour Hundred Twentj'' Dollars Twenty 
 Cents, $420.20. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMF.RLING EXHIBIT No. 82 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 88. CHICAGO, Nov. 5, 1914. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 
 
 Pay to the o-der of American Leader $2521.2^ Twenty Five Hundred Twenty 
 One .?i 21|100 .Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLiNG EXHIBIT No. S3 
 
 NEW Y'ORK. Nov. 5, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. IViichirjan Ave., Chicago, III. To The Ame- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 Home Rule 
 To advertising in: 
 
 Svet $172.00 
 
 Jewish World (Cincinnati edition) 100.00 
 
 272.00 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 84 
 
 American Associaticn nf Foreign Language Newspapers 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 6, 1914. 
 Mr. GALE M. HARTLEY, 
 
 3357 S. Michigan Avenre, Chicago, 111. 
 
 ■ Dear Mr. Hartley; Referring to Mr. Hammerling's letter of yesterday, I 
 have just discovered that the- bill accompanying his letter was not made out 
 correctly. Instead of the Svit of New York City, it should be the Svet of 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 517 
 
 Cleveland, Ohio. In order that there may not be any question, I am enclosing 
 another bill properly made out. 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 Private Secretary. 
 
 HAMMERLlXa EXHIBIT No. 8E 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 5, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 Sout'n Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader, Dr. 
 Home Rule 
 
 To advertisinij in: 
 
 Svet • • . $1 72.00 
 
 Jewish World (Cincinnati edition) 100.00 
 
 $272.00 
 
 HAMMEPvLING EXHIBTT No. 86 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 2235 CHCICAGO, Nov. 6, 1914. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Two hundred seventy two dollars, 
 $272.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 87 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 30, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader. 
 
 To translators, stenn.cra pliers, eheckersi, postage and stationery. 
 
 from Dec. 1, 1914 to .Ian. 1, 1015, 1 month in advance $1,520.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Dec. 7, 1914. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 88 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 95. CHICAGO, Dec. 4, 1914 
 
 Pay to the order of American Loader, $2193.88, Twenty one hundred ninotj' 
 Ihree and 88I100 Dollars 
 I ADAM ORTSEIPEN, Treas. 
 
 IIAAIMERLING FjXHIBIT No. 89 
 (Cancelled clieck.) 
 No. 97. CHICAGO, Dec. 21, 1914. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader, $4942.60, Forty Nine Hundred Forty 
 Two & 50|100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
518 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMBRL.ING EXHIBIT No. 90 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 98. CHICAGO, Dec. 21, 1914 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader, $2518.00, Twenty Five Hundred 
 Eighteen Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 91 
 
 NEW YORK. Dec. 31, 1914. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Ameri- 
 can Leader. 
 
 Tp translators, stenographers, checkers, postacre and stationery, 
 
 1 month , .$1,743.88 
 
 To rental of office. 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,813.88 
 
 Paid^ Jan. 7. 1915. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 92 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 104. ' CHICAGO, Jan. 5. 1915. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader, $2395.72. Twenty Three Hundred 
 Ninety Five & 721100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, 'T'reas. 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 93 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 2811. CHICAGO, Jan. 18th, 1915. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 
 Pay to the order of P. U. Hammerling One hundred twenty one dollars 
 ninety-five cents — Dollars $121.95. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 94 
 
 No. 107. CHICAGO. Jan. 19, 19915. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $2207.50 Twenty two hundred Seven 
 & 50J100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas'. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 519 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT Noj 95 
 
 NEW YORK, Jan. 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 1132 Transportation BIdg., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leade<*, Dr. 
 
 Ilo translators, stenogrraphers, chei;kers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month .$1,743.88 
 
 To rental of office. 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,813,88 
 AMERICAN "i^SSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. Feb. 4. 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 96 
 
 NEW TORK, Feb. 27, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, USS Transportation BIdg., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 Tio translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,743.88 
 
 To rental of office. 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,813.00 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No, 97 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 11. CHICAGO, ILL, Feb. 2, 1915. 
 
 The Corn Exchange National Bank 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $2670.07 Twenty Six hundred seventy 
 & 071100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIPBN, Treaa. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT Noj 98 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 Ne. 123. . CHICAGO. March 1, 1915. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $1813.88 Eighteen hundred Thirteen 
 & 88|100 Dollars. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIFEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 99 
 
 NEW YORK, Mar. 31, 1918. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 1132 Transportation BIdg.. Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,743.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month ^ 70.00 
 
 $1,813'.S8 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Apr. 8, 1915. 
 
520 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMICRLING EXHIBIT No. 100 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 3456. CHICAGO. March 19th. 1915. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Two thousand eight hundred twenty 
 five dollars $2525.00. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 PIAMMERLING EXHTBT No. 101 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 No. 35. CHICAGO, April 5, 1915. 
 
 Coritinental and Commercial National Bank of Chicago 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader $3824.75 Thirty Eight Hundred Twenty 
 Four & 75|100 Dollans. 
 
 ADAM ORTSEIPEN, Treas. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBT No. 102 
 
 NEW YORK, Apr. 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 1132 T-ansportation BIdg., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators, stenographers, oheckei's, postage and stationery 
 
 1 month $1,78^.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGC;.\GE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Tbedt. 
 Paid, May 27. 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING RXHIRIT No. 103 
 
 Duplicate. 
 
 NEW YORK, Apr. 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 1132 Transportation BIdg., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To 120 inches advertising as per contract, May — $2,000.00. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, May 27, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBT No. 104 
 
 Duplicate. 
 
 NEW YORK, Apr. 30, 191?;. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae. 1132 Transportation BIdg., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To telegrams sent dui^lng .April — 4.19 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, May 27, 1915. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 521 
 
 HAHMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 1 05. 
 
 NRW YORK, Apr. 'M), 1015 
 To the American Leader, Dr. 
 
 To one month's salary, Apr. 18th to May 18th, for Sam Weiss $400.00 
 
 To travelling' expenses for Sam Weiss 100.00 
 
 500.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid May 27, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 106. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 10, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translating of copy into 27 languages .... $135.00 
 
 To setting up copy in 27 languages 162.00 
 
 To photographing 27 copies for originals 108.00 
 
 To original of 27 copies in (27 languages) 81.00 
 
 To 1300 proofs in 27 languages 285.00 
 
 To 1300 boxes for mailing cuts , 78.00 
 
 To parcel postage on cuts 234.00 
 
 To cost of writing 1300 letters and addressing envelopes, including 
 
 stationery . 32.60 
 
 To 1300-2C stamps 26.00 
 
 To printing of 1300 retin-n postal caids (Publishers advising af they 
 
 will linsert copy 75i.00 
 
 To preparing of copies, packing of cuts, ets 100.00 
 
 $1,966.60 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, May 27, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 107. 
 
 (Cancelled Check; 
 
 NEW YORK, May 27, 1915. 
 
 Union Trust of Chicago, illinois. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Six Thousand Three Hundred Twenty 
 Four and 67|100-Dollars $6324.67 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 108. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1913. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to th»„ American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery 
 
 1 month : $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1915. 
 
 $1,883.88 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
522 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No, 103, 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 Union Trust of Chicago. 
 
 CHICAQO, June 17, 1915, 
 
 Pay to the order of Gale M. Hartlej', One Hundi'ed and Twenty Five Dollars 
 $125.00. 
 
 GALE M, HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 109— A. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 21, 1915, 
 
 To the American Leader, Dr. 
 
 Special propaganda work, as per A'erbal agreement June 19. 1915 — 
 2 weeks $250,00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Per E, Toedt. 
 Paid, June 21, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 109— B. 
 
 (Letter.) 
 
 Percy Andreae Chicago 3357 So. Michigan Ave. 
 
 June 17 Hammerling special propaganda work $125,00 
 
 June 19 Hammerling special propaganda work 125,00 
 
 Expenses , , _. $250,00 
 
 Receipts: 
 
 .Tune 17 (Check to G. M, H.) , $125 
 
 June 17 (Check to Hammerling) 126 
 
 $250 
 
 HAMMERLING EXIHBIT No. 110, 
 (Blank check") 
 Received of Dollars Special propaganda work $- 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. IIL 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 
 No. 977 CHICAGO, June 26, 1915, 
 
 Union Trust Company BIdg. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Three hundred seventy five dollars 
 $375.00 
 
 GALE M, HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 523 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 112. 
 
 (■Cancelled Check) 
 
 CHICAGO. June 18, 1915. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 Pay to the ordej or' L. N. Kammerling $125.00 One hundred and Twenty- 
 Five Dollars. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 113. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 17, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader. Dr. 
 
 To checking cards (for checking of newspapers) $50.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 114. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 12, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To cost of writing letters to 35 foreign language newspapers Including 
 
 stationery and copies on joint resolution in re: „Texas matter". .. .$17.55 
 To postage on letters , , 70 
 
 $18.25 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 115. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To telegrams sent during May $1.89. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 116. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S, Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To one month's salary, May 18th to June ISth, for Sam Weiss $400.00 
 
 To traveling expenses for Sam Weiss 100.00 
 
 ' $500.00 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1916. 
 
524 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMERLT^TQ T?.XHIBIT> No. 117. 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To 120 inches advertising a.s per contract, .Tune $2,000.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 J-,ANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, June 23, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 118 
 
 NEW YORK, May 29, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To dues for membersMp in the Merchants' Association of New York. .. .$50.00 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP PGREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid. June 23. 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXPTIBIT No 110. 
 (Letter.) 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN ".LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 WOOLWORTH BUILDING 
 
 NEW YORK, June 23, 1915. 
 Mr. GALE M. HARTLEY, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 
 DEAR SIR: We acknowledge with thanks receipt of your letter of the 19th 
 Inst, enclosing check for $4,474.02 in payment of bills redered May 29th, 
 June 12th and 17tli. We herewith enclose you the bills receipted. 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN /..ANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 E. W. LEFPLER, Treasurer. 
 Receipted bills mailed under separate cover. 
 
 HAMMEP.LI.NOf EXHIBIT No. 120 
 
 (Cancelled Check) 
 No. 746. CELICAGO, June 21, 1915. 
 
 Union Trust Company, Tribune Building. 
 
 Pay to t,he order of American J^eader Forty Four Hundred Seventy Four 
 Dollars Two Cents, $4,474.02. 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 121. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III., to the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To translators, stenogra.phers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month , 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E Toedt. 
 Paid, July 28, 1915. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 525 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 122. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 28, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Lender, Dr- 
 
 To printing of letter-heads, envelopes; multigraphing letters and filling 
 
 in addresses to 565 papers $43.50 
 
 To postage on 565 letters 11.30 
 
 $54.80 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 T^ANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 r-aid, July 28, 1918. 
 
 HAMAIERLING EXHIBIT No. 123. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 28, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader*, Dr- 
 
 To expenses for trip made to Philadelphia, Pa., by D. S. Momand, to see 
 Philadelphia papers in regard to Personal Liberty, $21.25. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedl. 
 
 Paid, July 28, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 124 
 
 NEW YORK, June 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 Special propaganda, work, as per verbal agreement June 19, 1915 — 2 weeks 
 — $250.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS^ Inc. 
 Per B. Toedt. 
 Paid, July 2S, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 125. 
 
 NEW 3'ORK, June 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr, Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave,, Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 To expressage during June $1.68 
 
 To telegrams sent during June 1.05 
 
 $273 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, July 28, 1915. 
 
526 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 126. 
 
 NEW YORK, June 30, 1915. 
 To the American Leader, Dr. 
 
 To 120 inches advertising, as per contract, July, $2,000.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per B. Toedt. 
 Paid, July 28. 1918.. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 127. 
 
 NEW YORK. June 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr> 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector, $400.00. 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 Paid, July 28, 1918. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 128 
 
 NEW YORK, June 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 To salary, June 18th to July 1st, for Sam Weiss $200.00 
 
 To traveling expenses for Sam Weiss 50.00 
 
 $250.00 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt 
 Paid, July 28, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 129. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 1, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr< 
 
 To postage on speech, as per our letter July 1st, $26.00. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, July 28. 1918. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 1.30. 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 
 No. 1059. CHICAGO, July 26, 1913. 
 
 Union Trust Company 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Forty Eight Hundred Fifty Eight Dol- 
 lars Sixty-Six Cents, $4,858.66. 
 
 _j GALE M. HARTLEY. Secty. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 52^ 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 131. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 31, 1915. 
 
 Mp. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To thfj American 
 
 Leader, Dr* 
 
 To translators, stenograpliers, clieckers, postage and stationery 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FORFJGiN' LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, August 18, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 132. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 31, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave, Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector, $400,000. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, A^ugust 18, 1915 
 
 HAMMFJRLTNG EXHIBIT No. 133. 
 
 NEW YORK, July 31, 1915, 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago, III. To The Ameri- 
 can Leader. 
 
 To telegram sent July 7th, $1.15. 
 
 AMER. ASSN OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, August 18, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 134. 
 
 CCancelled Check) 
 No. 3287. CHICAGO, Aug. 16, 1915. 
 
 Pay to the order of American Leader Thirty Five Hundred Fifty Six 
 Dollars Twenty Eight Cents, $3556.28 
 
 GALE M. HARTLEY, Secty. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBT No. 135. 
 
 NEW YORK, August 31, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Or- 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Sept. 25, 1915. 
 
528 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMERLTNG EXHIBIT No. 136. 
 Voucb»»- No. 7762 
 
 American Leader. -' 
 
 Distribution. Act. No. I Amount. 
 
 P-105 I 2,444^96 
 
 HAMMriRI.lNO EXHIBIT No. 137. 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 To eocpsnses for traveling inspector, $400.00 
 
 HAM MERITING EXHIBIT No. 138. 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Loader, Dr- 
 
 To salary for additional stenographer — Chanmber of Commerce work — 6 
 weeks, $6f;.00 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT .No. 139. 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave,, Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr- 
 
 To telegrams sent during September, $3.58. 
 
 HAMMERT.ING EXHIBIT No. 140. 
 
 NEW YORK, Sept. 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr> 
 
 To translators, stuographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To »^n*~' of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 141. 
 Voucher ',Mo. 7992. Amount — 2,437.33. National Association of Commerce and 
 
 Labor. 
 
 10|30 Translators, stenos. checkers, postage- and stationery, 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector 400.00 
 
 To telegrams sent during October 7.45 
 
 To balance due on bill rendered Augu.st 31, 1915 176.00 
 
 $2,437.33 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 529 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 142. 
 
 NEW YORK. Oct. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To telegranriF, sent during October, $7.45. 
 
 AMEK. ARSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGS NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Nov. IS. 1915. 
 
 I-IAMMET'.LING EXHIBIT No. 143. 
 
 NEW YORK, Oct. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To balance due on bill rendered Aug. 31, 19J.5, $176.00 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Tc^edt. 
 Paid, Nov. 18. 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 144. 
 
 NEW YORK, Oct. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3:^57 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector, $400 00. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Nov. 18, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 145 
 
 NEW YORK, Oct. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the Am3rican 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 montii 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Nov. 18, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 145. 
 (Cancelled check.) 
 
 Continental and Commercial Natio;^sl Bank of Chicago. 
 12437.33 CHICAGO, Nov. 15, 1915. 
 
 Pay to the order of llie American Leader T-.venty Fo\u- Hundred Thirty 
 Seven Dollars Thirty Three Cents 
 
 PINANCFi COMM1T7EF., JSfAT'L .vSSN. COMMERCE & LABOR 
 
 THOMAS F. KEELEY, Treas. 
 
530 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMEKLING EXHIBIT No. 147. 
 
 Voucher 8149. National Ossociation of Commerce and Labor. 
 
 Telegrams during November $42.81 
 
 Expense of Mr. Hammerling's trip to Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota, 
 
 Illinois & Ohio 575.00 
 
 To translators, stengs, checkers, postage .stationery, 1 month.... 1,783.88 
 
 To office rental, 1 month 70.00 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector 400.00 
 
 2,871.69 
 
 HAMMERLING FXlHIBIT No. 148. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 30, 19J5. 
 
 Mr. Percy Ancireae, 3357 S, Michigan »Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To translators, stenographers, checkers, postage and stationery, 
 
 1 month $1,783.88 
 
 To rental of office, 1 month 70.00 
 
 $1,853.88 
 
 AMBA. ASSN. OP FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Dec. 23, 1915. 
 
 ITaMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 149. 
 
 (Telegram.) 
 
 NEW YORK, N. Y. 1040 A. M. 
 
 Percy Andreae 3357 Michigan Ave. Chicago, III. 
 
 We have not received check for last monthly bill. Please wire when we will 
 get it. 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN ILANGUAGB NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 13. P. LiEFFIiER, Treasr. 
 
 HivMATERIJNG EXHIBIT No. 150. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 30, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To expenses for traveling inspector, $400.00 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OP FOREIGN ^^ANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Dec. 23, 1915. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 531 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 151. 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To expenses Incurred by Mr. Hammerlin? on trip to see foreign language 
 papers in the states of Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota, Illinois, and Ohio, No- 
 vember 2nd to 14th, Railroad fares hotel bills, meals, etc., $575.00 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPEFiS, Inc. 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 
 Paid, Dec. 23, 1915. 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 152, 
 
 NEW YORK, Nov. 30, 1915. 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Mi. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 
 To telegrams sent during November, $42.81 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 Per E. Toedt. 
 Paid, Dec. 23, 1915. 
 
 HAM.MERLING EXHIBIT No. 153. 
 Voucher No. 8273. National Association of Commerce and Labor. 
 
 To expenses for traveling ins])ector. December $400.00 
 
 7'o telegrams sent during Decem'oer 11.47 
 
 To rental ot office for January, 191G, Adv 70.00 
 
 $481.47 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 154- 
 
 NEW YORK, Dec. 31, 1915. 
 
 Mr. Percy Andreae, 3357 8. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. To the American 
 
 Leader, Dr. 
 To expenses for traveling inspector $40G/.00 
 
 To telegrams sent during December 11.47 
 
 To rental of office, 1 montii 70 00 
 
 $431.47 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 155. 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 
 WOOLWORRTH BCJILDING 
 NEW YORK, January 27, 1916. 
 Mr. Pearcy Andreae, 
 
 3357 S. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. 
 DEAR SIR: We are in receipt of letter of the 25th inst. enclosing check for 
 $481.47 in payment of bill rendered Decembei' 31st, covering expenses of 
 traveling inspector, telegrams and rental of office. 
 Yours, truly, 
 
 AMER. ASSN. OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS, 
 B. W. liEPFLER,. Treasurer. 
 
)32 
 
 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1916' how much did you receive from Mr. An- 
 dreae? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING. In 1916, as is stated in that statement 
 there, $31,640. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was in the year 1916? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And this memorandum is an extract from your 
 boks showing the dates of payment? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes'. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. May 3, 1916, you received $3,375. Was that in 
 payment for advertisements in connection with this account? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; this is all advertisements, and the 
 bills are there (indicating papers). 
 
 (The memorandum ref'^rred to is here printed in the record as 
 follows:) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 39 
 ANDREAE PA.YMENTS. 
 
 1913. 
 
 May 3 '. ..$3,375 
 
 June 14 3,375 
 
 Aucr. 4 3,375 
 
 July 13 3,375 
 
 July 24 4,640 
 
 Sept. 13 3,375 
 
 1916. 
 
 Oct. 14 $3,375 
 
 Nov. 17 ..'. 3,375 
 
 Dec. 9 ,". 3,375 
 
 Total 31,040 
 
 Now, I will show you Hammerling Exhibit No. 40, which is a list 
 of stockholders of the American Association of Foreign Language. 
 Newspapers, that you prepared? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, Who is F. D. Gardner? 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. He is the present vice president of the as* 
 sociation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He is the present vice president cf the associatioii. 
 AVho is B. W. Leffler, Vv^lio holds 45 shares? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. She is my private secretary. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. She is your private secretary? She has been 
 with you a g'ood many years? 
 
 Mr.' HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. She is a confidential clerk? 
 
 Mr. HAI\IMERLING. She has been with me 15 years. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who is M. C. Leffler? 
 
 Mr. H.VMMERLING. She is a sister. 
 
 Maj. HUMES A si.ster of 15. W. Leffler? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How about Carmalita Lewis, wo holds 100 shares, 
 who is she? 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. She is my daughter. 
 
 Maj. HI'MES. When did she become a stockholder? When avm* 
 this stock issued? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING I think in J 909. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was it purchased, or 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; no common stock was purchased 
 Ly an^'body. I took it and gave it to the people who lieTped me to 
 get where I am. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 533 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who is John Mitchell who holds 20 shares'^ Wa» 
 that purchased? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Nobody purchased any common stock. I 
 gave it to him. All of the common stock in this corporation has not 
 been purchased, but has been given by me. 
 
 Maj. HIJMES It has all been .given by you personally? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, Nobody has bonght any of it ; none of it has beeu 
 sold to anybody else? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; to me. I paid for it, as the book 
 will show. 
 
 Maj. HUMES In other words, it is a one-man corporation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, these people get the same dividends 
 as I do. They have the say in proiportion to tbeir stock. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Did you have to pay the various newspapers 
 to ^publish the translations of those personal-liberty articles" 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just a moment, to make that appear intelligent 
 Carmalita Lewis is the daughter of Liston Lefwis, your attorney? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, you say that Mr. Andreae became a vice 
 president of this association? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember the date, Major. I can 
 ta'ke a look in the minutes. The minutes will show. 
 
 Mr. BENH.VM. 1913 appears to be the time in this I am examin- 
 ing now. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is it, then. It was 1913 or 1914, I 
 know; maybe 1915. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was in 1915, was it not? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. If you did not pay to have these articles 
 put in the papers, why was all this immense amount of monej^ paid 
 to you? What was it for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To ,put them into the languages. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Just the translations? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. All this money was paid out simply for 
 translations? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; and the set u'ps and 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. The articles came once a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. Twice a month. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. Twice a month? 
 
 Mr. H'VMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Twenty- four articles in the year? 
 
 Mr. HAJMMERLING. Yes; and there are about 800 of the foreign 
 language papers and there were over 520 German papers to make 
 that up. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. How many translations would be neces- 
 sitated ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The major said there wore 27 language^. 
 I thoug^ht that we had 34 languages. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. T'wenty-seven languages? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The details had not been 
 
534 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Then it cost Mr. Andreae $31,000 in 1916—1 
 think that was the year — to get 27 translations of 24 articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING. With all the other work connected with it. 
 This includes room rent and costs and express packages and postage, 
 and we may have made some profit on it, too. 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did those papers get any pay for publishing 
 those articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They did not; no, sir; not for those 
 articles. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did the whole profit come to your company — 
 the whole profit that came to you? Did those ipapers that published 
 your articles — ^those foreign-language newspapers — ever get any 
 thing for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They did not; no, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. The articles were not lenghty, were they? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About a thousand words. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. A thousand words? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That was the average. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Two or three pages, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator OiVERMAN. Did you have any trouble getting them In 
 without paying for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No sir; only the papers published them 
 who were, in sympathy with that prohibition movement. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Were they all in synipathy with it? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. No, sir; about one-half, at least half, of 
 them, I think. But we sent it to them all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In the spring of 1915 you wrote the following let- 
 ter to Mr. Andreae, did you not : 
 
 At a meeting of some of our directofs held yesterday I suggested that we 
 ehall ask you to be one of our 1914 delegates to attend the International Peace 
 Congress at San Francisoo .Tulj- 6, and ihat you shall deliver the speech of the 
 foreign-language press of the United States instead of mysedf. AVould you 
 accept such an honor? If it is necessary that you speak as official repre- 
 sentative of this association, we would be glad to elect you a vice president. 
 Wire or write at once on this matter. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (after examining letter). That is correct. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You wrote such a letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that written and that action taken at the 
 suggestion of Mr. Andreae. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. At the suggestion of the publishers. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Who were the publishers that were present thai 
 suggested that at that meeting? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The New Yonk publishers, no doubt. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Can you name any of them that were present? 
 
 Mr. HAIOIERLING. I do not remember just who they were. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You knew that Mr. Andreae was capitalizinig his 
 relation with your association for the purpose of carrying on his 
 propaganda, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMIIERLING. Not exactly; I did not know it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not know that he was representing him 
 self over the country as the spokesman of your organization rathei 
 than the spokesman of the brewers in order to secure an entree. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 535 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think that is correct; it would sound bet- 
 ter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You knew that, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I assumed it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I call your attention to Exhibit No. 642, a letter 
 written by Mr. Andreae, from which I read as follows : 
 
 These invitations are being extended to me as the spokesmjan of the organ- 
 ized foreign language pre?s and if I were to appear at this time as a repre- 
 sentative of the brewing Industry, championing the specific cause of antipro- 
 hibition, it is manifest that my appearance before these commercial bodies 
 would no longer be welcomed. 
 
 Did you not know that that was what Andreae had in mind, and 
 v/ere you not vvorking in collusion with him ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Was this letter addressed to me? 
 
 Maj HUMES. No. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you not know that that was his position? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think so. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You and he had discussed it, had you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. I do not remember about that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You sa,y you were born in Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When were you born? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 1870. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Plow long did you live in Galicia before you left 
 there? 
 
 Mr. H.AMMERLn:G. To my best memory, I was brought hert. 
 when I was about 9 years old. 
 
 Maj. HIj'MES. When you were about 9 years old. Who brought 
 you; some member of your family? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. No, sir; a man from the village where I 
 came from. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you remember what year you came to this 
 country ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T should not wonder if it was in 1870, or 
 something, as much as I can remeber. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. 1870? You were born in 1870, you say. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 1879 ov 1880. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you land? 
 
 Mr. H.^MERLING. In New York City. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you remain in New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Possibly some months. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you go? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We went to Upper Lehigli. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is, in Lehigh County, Pa. ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In the anthracite-coal region? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you remain there? 
 
 Mr. HA_MMERLING. I remained there about ti year or two. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Where did you go from there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We went to Latimore. 
 
 Maj. H'lJMES. That is also in the anthracite-coal region? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTN'G. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you remain there? 
 
536 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMEBIjING. Just a few months. I wt;nt wherever the 
 man went. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you go from Latimore? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I possibly went down, next, to Upper 
 Lehigh. 
 
 Maj HUMES. That was in the anthraeite-coal regions also? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who long did you stay there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the best of my memory I stayed about 
 three years. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, How long, in all, were you in the anthracite-coai 
 region at that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. i was there about five yeai^. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then where did you go to? 
 
 Mr. HAMMPJRLING. They began killing peipo,ple there, tlie Mol- 
 ly Maguiro,3^ and the man that brought me over went to work on a 
 farm, and he left me, and I went baok to New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went back to New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How lon^ did you stay in New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A few months I worked in a restaurant, 
 and then I went back to Europe. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you went back to Europe. What year was , 
 it that you went back to Euirope ? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I do not remember what year it would be. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES How old were you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 14 or 15. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were ] 4 or 15 A\^hen you went back to Europe? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did yon g-o back to Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you stay there at that time? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. I think I went to the Hawaiian Islands 
 either in 1896 or 1897: I think it was 1897. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is 1896 or 1897? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. That would mean that you were back m 
 yoiur native country for a period about 12 years? 
 
 Mr. m\_MMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. From about 1884 to 1896 or 1897; probabi> 
 12 or 13 years? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yon stayed there until 1896 or 1S97. Then wheri 
 did you go ? : ; i^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Honolulu, in the Hawaiian Islands. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you happen to go to the Hawaiian 
 Islands ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They called me in to serve in the army, 
 and I ran away 
 
 Maj. IHJMES. Which route did you take in going to the Ha- 
 waiian Islands? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I wenf bv way of Breme^>hafen. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you go? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIN»G. Trongli Bremenhafen. 1 Avas 150 days oii 
 board ship 
 
 Maj. HUMES. One hundred and fifty days? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTJiRESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 537 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Y^es. AVe were practically sold out hy 
 some German crooks, there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you stay in Hawaii? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Some months. 
 
 Maj. HIJMES. About how many months? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would say, maybe, half a year. 
 
 Maj, BTUMES. Not to exceed six months, you think? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not thiuk so. Most of my colleague;, 
 w^o came with me died from the hardships aud the way we were 
 getting licked. 1 still have three marks on my back from the treat- 
 mant that I received. I have a full statement about it if the gentle 
 men of the committee care to see it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, were did you go from the Hawaiian Islands? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIN<G. To San Francisco. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. How long did you stay in San Francisco ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Just long enough to make my fare to East 
 
 Maj. PIUMES. That would be a month or two months? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; a couple of months. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Where did you go to, then, when you came East? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To Philadelphia. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What year was it you arrived in Philadelphia? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I would say 1898 or the first part of 1899 
 or the last part of 1898. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you stay in Philadelphia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Just a few months. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES. Then, where did 3^ou go from there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To Wilkes-Barre. 
 
 Maj. HUMMES. That would get you into Wilkes-aBarre, then, 
 probably .sometime in 1899. What business did you engage in when 
 you got to Wilkes-Barre? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I went to work in the mines. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In the mines? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, Yes, 
 
 Maj. HUMES In what capacity were you wor'king? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was a timber man. 
 
 Maj. tniMES. You went to work as a timber man? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, Yes, 
 
 Maj HIJMES. For how long a perioid did you work at that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I worked a year and a half; and then 
 I worked, maybe, a year or two longer doing something else. I was 
 already connected with the paper and I was doing some work night- 
 times. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. When did you acquire your interest in the paper? 
 
 *Mr. HAMMERLING. After I was there about two years and «» 
 half. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That would be, then, in 1901 or 1902 that yoi. 
 acquired the interest in the paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Something like that. I think it was befor;. 
 that. I think ii was before 1900. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did you continue at Wilkes-Barre? 
 
 Mr. H.AMMERLJ.NG. Until 1908. 
 
 Maj. HXTMES. 1908? 
 
 Mr. H.\MMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, you went to New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 'Ycs. 
 
538 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 * 
 
 Maj. PLUMES. You organized this Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers the same year you went to New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKIJNG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. tlUMBS. Did you make the deal to buy an interest in this* 
 Italian agency and these Italian ncAvspapers before you left Wilkes- 
 Barre ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I met that man Grilla in 1904, and 
 later he got me to go into it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you go into that deal with him before 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1908. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Tben, it was under contemplation or discussion 
 from 1904 to 1908, was it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; he never discussed it with me. I met 
 him in 1904, and when 1 came to New York in 1908, in May, he 
 presented in to me. and then is when we began to discuss it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You have been in New York ever since? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You say you were born in 1870^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you a naturalized citizen? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where were you naturalized? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In Luzerne County, Pa. 
 
 Maj HIUCES. Whenf 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In 1901. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were naturalized there in 1901? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not, at the time you were naturalized, 
 swear that you had been continuously a resident of the United States 
 for five years? 
 
 Mr. ILVMMERLING. I was a resident for longer than that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just answer my question, please. Did you not so 
 swear, when you were naturalized? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes.sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, as a matter of fact, you had not come to tnt* 
 United States until 1898 or until 1899, had you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1898? I came here when I was a child. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The last time you came to the United States, 
 however, was in 1898 or in 1899, was it not, when you came from 
 Honolulu ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes: in 1898. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You had not been a resident of the United States 
 continuously for five years in 1901 when you secured your naturali- 
 zations papers, had you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNC. I did not know that it was necessary, ^ 
 
 Major, so I 
 
 - Maj. HUMES. When did you learn the English language? 
 
 Mr. H\MMERLTNG. I began Iparning it when I worked at 
 Pardee, Pa. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You never had any difficulty in understanding 
 the English language, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I am understanding it better every 
 day. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 539 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not at that time, at the time you were 
 naturalized, present a petition to the court asking to be naturalized 
 without first declaring your intention? 
 
 Ms. HAMERLING. Well, I really do not understand that, Major, 
 My laA^'yer did that. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Did you not swear, on that occasion, that you 
 arrived in the United States of America at the port of San Francisco 
 on the 20th day of May, 1885? Did you not swear to that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLTNG. If 1 did it was wrong. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. If you did, it was a false oath, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. It seems so now. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not also swear that you had been born 
 in the kingdom of Hawaii? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING-. My reason foT that, if I am permitted to 
 explain, was that I was so disgusted with where I came from and 
 what I went through in life, that I understood that I could seleci 
 my own 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Birthplace? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (continuing). Birht,place, and I took this 
 advice with no intention of doing wrong. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not also swear that you were less than lb 
 years of age when you left Hawaii ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERiLING. I do not remember. I 'signed the paper 
 which my lawyer made out for me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not also at that time swear that you were 
 born the 21st day of March, 1874? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I ahvays believed that that was the date 
 until I found out later differently. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not also a fact that you always thought you 
 weTe born in 1874 until after the last draft act was passed, and then 
 for the first time you discovered that you were born in 1870? Is 
 not that a fact? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir ; I beg your pardon, I did not. li 
 was only a few years ago that I found out it was different. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you first find out that it was different? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A few years ago. 
 
 Maj. HUMES How long ago? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Five or six years ago. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Five or six years ago you found out that you 
 were born in 1870? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, How did you find that out? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Through relatives that I have here. 
 
 Mr. HUMES. How did you find it out? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They told me that I was wrong, for the 
 reason that my father married the second time, and I have a sister 
 wfho was older, from the second wife, than I was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was five or six years ago' that you found 
 that out? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Then hoAv does it come that on the 25th Februar;y, 
 1915, when you made application for a marriage license in Brooklyn, 
 you swore that you were 40 j'-ears of age, which Avould correspond 
 with the 1874 date of birth? 
 
510 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGAN]X\ 
 
 Mr. HAMMBRLING. I went by the same thir.g as my papers, 
 Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is only 1915. That is not five or six yeari. 
 ago, 
 
 Mr. ILIMMERLINO. 1 say that I went by th- same year as in 
 ray. citizen papers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you knew when you made application for 
 this marriage license that you were making a statement that Avas 
 untrue ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not say that I know, but I am simply 
 answering that I went according to the papers. 
 
 Maj. HI^MES According to your citizenship papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And yet you knew that those citizenship papers 
 were wrong and untrue? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I did not know that it was of any 
 imiportance. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you find out that you had not been 
 born in Hawaii? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. When did I find that out? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I knew it right along. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1915, when you made application for a mar- 
 riage license, you swcre that you were born in Hawaii, did you not? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. As f say, I went by those papers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In other words, having made a false oath in con- 
 nection with 3^our naturalization papers, you wanted to be consistent, 
 and continued to make the same false statements that were maae? 
 in your naturalization papers? 
 
 Mr. ILIMMERLING. For te reason that I was afraid to do any- 
 thing else. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Do I understand you to say that rather than 
 set right a false sworn statement you Mere willing to swear, know- 
 ingly swear, to that falsehood again? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, Senator; ray idea was that I did not 
 want to mix up ray affairs, for tke reason that so many people were 
 making, capital out of it, that I thought 1 would just do it as I did 
 originally. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Another thing, Mr. Hammerling; it wonla 
 look as though it was a trifling part of this statement that you arc 
 making — the oath part. You were not regarding very much the 
 fact that you were swearing to all these things. You were morfe 
 concerned to keep the record straight than you were to swear to b 
 fact. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To tell you the truth. Senator, I never 
 knew whf^n I took out this license that I had to swear to it. This is 
 the first time I knew it. 
 
 Maj. liTJMES. You knew that you had to take your prospective 
 bride down to the clerk's office? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you discovered when you got there that you 
 had to swear to it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did swear to it, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I suppose so if you say so. Major, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you were in Galicia the last time for that 
 period of 12 or 13 years, were you married then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 541 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Whom did you marry? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Clara Scliachter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you bring her to this country with you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. She came afterwards. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. She came afterwards? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How soon afterwards did she come? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I really do not remember. She camb 
 through New York and I came through California. I do not re- 
 memtter, exactly; maybe 1900. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. For how long a period of time were you away 
 from her from the time that you left her in Galicia until you met her 
 in the United States? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I was away a year and a half, or two year*). 
 
 Maj. HUMES. A year and a half or two years? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You have secured a divorce from her, have you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why was it that when you made application foi 
 this marriage license you denied that you had ever been marriea 
 before, and denied that you ever had been divorced? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Major, this is a personal matter, and I do 
 not think it is a matter for the Senate, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Personal matters are of no more importance than 
 the welfare of the Government, Mr. Hammerling. 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. In Galicia the government does not re- 
 cognize the kind of marriage that we have. The Jewish marriage 
 is not recognized there. 
 
 Maj. HUME 3. Which marriage is the Jewish marriage? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The first one. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The first marriage is your Jewish marriage? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes, sir. That is not recognized by lav>. 
 Therefore, when I became an American, I had nothing to do. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, Why did you get a divorce, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that it was interpreted by 
 the courts that while I lived in the United States with a common- 
 law woman, as they would call it, it required a divorce. That is tht 
 way I understood it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went over and took your attorney over there 
 and Sipent several months getting a divorce, did you not? 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. He took no attorney over there, Maj. Humes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I mean ho consulted an attorney there. 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. Do not put it that way, then. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Levfis was there with you? 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. No, sir ; I was not. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I thought von went there to clear it up? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No,'^sir, 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. No, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did you have any attoruey? 
 
 Mr. HAJVIMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Les us get that straight. We do not want to put 
 Mr. Lewis in a wrong light. He went over afterwards to see if the 
 divorce was legal? 
 
542 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. He had nothing to do with it. Mr. 
 Lewis did not come into the ease at all. I had a lawyer in the other 
 country, ovetr there. 
 
 Maj. HUIVrES. Who got the certified coipy of the decree of 
 divorce ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Down here? 
 
 Maj. HL^MES. Yes. 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The lawyer sent it to me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And who secured the opinions of eminent Austrian 
 counsel that the divorce was valid and binding? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The lawyers there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, Did you not have counsel in this country that 
 participated in that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; I did not, Major. 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. Pardon me, let us correct that, Major. I think a 
 year or tv/o ago, possibly a couple of years, I secured opinions upon 
 that when a question was raised about ihe legality of that divorce; 
 but that is the first time I ever had anything to do with it. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. I understood that you went over there in the sum- 
 mer of 1914. 
 
 Mr. LEWIS. Yes; I xx'as over there with my daughter, taking a 
 tour, and was there just as the war started ; but I had nothing to do 
 A\dth the divorce and knew nothing about it, in fact. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not obtain those opinios from the Austrian 
 counsel prior to your present, marriage ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T wrote them a letter ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You obtained the opinions? 
 
 Mr. HAlVDiTBRLINrG. Yes; the court had to certify that this is 
 the law in the United States. They would not dj it otherwise. If 
 anyone was unfaithful, they granted the divorce; but is has to be a 
 marriage, too. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES As a matter of fact, you testified when you got 
 your last marriage license that you had not been married before, 
 and that you had not been divorced. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; I was advised to do that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You were advised? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Counsel advised me. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Counsel advised you to make that statement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. iHJMES. Had counsel also advised you to say that you 
 were born in Hawaii? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLrr-JQ. No, sir; nothing to do with that. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Novr, let us go back to this naturalization. Thfe 
 fact, then, remains that you secured in 1901 a naturalization paper 
 in Luzerne County ur a citizen of the United States when at that 
 time you had only 'been in the United States continuously for less 
 than thr&e years, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not the way my lawyer figured it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How do you figtoe it? 
 
 Mr. HAIVIMERLTNG. I did not know that it required it, Major 
 I am not posteid on those things. I am not piosted on how long it is 
 required to be there. I did not read — the paper. They were! mak. 
 ing citizens there so fast, every day, that it was not a question 
 about the lenght of time. When either party Avas interested in cer- 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 543 
 
 taiti people, the political parties, they made them citizens, if you 
 want to know the truth about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that because of the political activ- 
 ities, and that as a result of political influence 
 
 Mr, HxiMMBRLING. No influence required. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Wait until 1 ask the question, Mr. Hammerling. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pardon me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And because of political influence, you hustled 
 up to get naturalized, and it was necessary in the affidavit to say 
 that you had been five years resident, and consequently the affidavit 
 was so drawn? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTilNG. If you will pardon me. Major, I ju«t 
 want to get this right. This is very easy to find out. Until that 
 time there was no question, if a man understood enough about the 
 English, and the Constitution, they would ask a few qnestions ana 
 they would give you a citizenship. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And is it not also a fact that tJie reason you re- 
 presented yourself as having been less than 18 yeyrs old when you 
 left Hawaii, was because you could be naturalized without first 
 declaring your intention, and then working an additional two years'^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I can answer that, that I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The fact remains that you were 31 years of age 
 when you secured your naturalization papers, were you not? 
 
 Mr. HA]\I3^rERLlNG. Just like if I were 60 to-day. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were born in 1870? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; and I have affidavits to that 
 effect. 
 
 Maj. HI"'MES. ■ And you got those affidavits since the draft law 
 was passed, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I got it when they demanded that I should 
 continue these military activities. I was not afraid to serve, for the 
 reason that I volunteered to serve in Mexico, and the President 
 ihougtit it was not nece'ssary then. My son is not 18, and he is serv- 
 ing in the Army, and my brother has been killed in the Army m 
 Roumania. 
 
 Maj. HITMES He is a son by your divorced wife, is he not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; and whom I am raising and keep- 
 ing up. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. As the result of the divorce you are keeping thai 
 
 Uip? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I am supporting him before that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is because of the divorce with your wife, is 
 it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; it has nothing to do with that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. If you swore when you were naturalized that yoli 
 had been in this country five years continuously, you swore to an 
 untruth ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am telling you, Major, that I signed this 
 paper 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just answer the question and explain afterwards. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know what to answer. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did you swear to the truth then or not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was not the truth, Senator. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes; and it was untrue in these particulars, at 
 least, was it not, that you were not born in Hawaii ; that you were 
 
544 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 not less than 18 years of aj?e when you left Hawaii ; and it was not 
 true when you said that you were born in 1874? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIEELTNG. "^It was not true, Major. That covers it 
 all, according to my saying. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The whole thing is false, is it not — the whole 
 affidavit? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIiNG. It is false ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. And you made that affidavit Jn order to make 
 yourself a voter^ did you not? 
 
 . Mr. HAMMERLING. Gentlemen who had more to say about n 
 should answer that, not me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Who had more to say about it than you did? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The parties. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Who were the parties? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. There are two parties in the United State* . 
 
 Maj. HUMES What particular individual repTesenting any par- 
 ticular party was interested in it ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember noM\ 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You secured your naturalization papers in 190l, 
 and. you secured your election to a party convention in 1902, did you 
 not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. 1904. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. 1904? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You engaged actively in polities from the time 
 that you were naturalized, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, actively as well as any man woula 
 who understood the affairs. 
 
 Maj. IIUMEt'. And you intended actively to control and domi- 
 nate the foreign element in the anthracite coal region? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, ''dominate"; I dc not see why T 
 could be called that, Major. I never hoped to be one. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You foo'k an active part in politics, did you not^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMPJRLING. Well, I did, just as well as anybody else. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you first receive, any funds from politi 
 cal sources for your influence? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was never paid for my influence, from 
 anybody. 
 
 Maj. HUMES For your service, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For my services? I do not remembei. 
 I maybe received it before I was naturalized, so far as I know. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you know whether you did or not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember, Senator. The general 
 rule is that the papers — ^the people connected with th'^ papers — 
 generally get some kind of an advertising, and if I was connected 
 with the paiper before that, I no doubt got them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not go to a political State convention n/ 
 1901 or 1902? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. Maybe I did. 
 Maj. HUMES. You took a very active part in politics, did you 
 not? 
 
 Mr. HiVMMERLIN(3l. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you came from Hawaii you came to esca,pe 
 the cruelty and abuse that was being imposed upon you out there, 
 did you not? ' l. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 545 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. "Ont there"? Tou do not mean in Hawaii? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The abuse in PLawai^ He said that he was abused 
 on a sug^ar plantation. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; of a German concern called Hachfeld 
 and Hiezeuberg, who contracted with the assistance of the American 
 consul to send us on that boat. We had to work ^"or five years fjji 
 nothing, and of the 500 of us who went on that boat, about 300 of 
 them died, and the rest of them ran away. I was one of them that 
 ran away. We went away on a United States transport ship; if I 
 remember right, it was the Alameda. We slept under the beds. Tht 
 soldiers took us for mercy. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You came over on a transport? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think it was a transport. The soldiers took 
 us. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was an American transport? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then it was subsequent to the time of the Spanish 
 War and the activities in the Philippine Islands, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think it was. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did they bring you over, a whole crew oi 
 you, to work on the sugar plantations there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Five hundred of you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Five hundred, I think. 
 
 Senator NELSON. As laborers on a sugar plantation? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Wtis that a German company? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A German company; yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. And you got no wages? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No wages. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Just your board? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not a cent. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Just your board? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We were supposed to pay back in five years 
 what it cost to ship us over, and then they had to give us so much 
 cloth and so much rice and so much of different staff, and a barrack 
 to live in. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You left Hawaii because you did not like it, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I certainly did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You testified as a witness, did you not, before 
 Mr. Becker, in New York ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not testify that the reason you claimed 
 Hawaiian citizenship was because of the beauties and joys of Hawaii? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not say anything of the kind. What- 
 ever Becker put in there, or his crowd, has nothing to do with it- 
 It was all for politics, and I told them so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were under oath, were you not? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 Maj. HUMES. What? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Were you not under oath whei\ you testified be- 
 fore Becker? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
546 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Who is Becker? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. A. politician, an assistant to the attorney 
 general, and he is bielittling or besmearing people for his personal 
 purposes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did you say he was an assistant to Mr. 
 Lewis ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. An assistant to Attorney General Lewis; 
 yes, sir. 
 
 Senator "WOLCOTT. This is in New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You were summoned to gx) before him, 
 were you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not testify before Mr. Becker during the 
 summer of 1918 that you were born in 1874? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I answered you, Major, that I did not pay 
 any attention. They brought me over to that office, and they had 
 a man down there by the name of Norman "White, and he was doing 
 the talking. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What did they have you down there forV 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They had me down there last summer — 
 this summer. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. What for? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, he was running for am office-, and 
 he was going to down anybody so> that he could circulate it, what he 
 was doing: doing injustice to people. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Did you not also testify before Mr. Becker that 
 you went to the Hawaiian Islands w^hen you were 9 years old? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Did you not testify as follows : 
 
 I was driven out of heme at 9 year.« old. I am sorry to say anything against 
 my ov/n people, a disagreeable family. My father did not make $2 a week in 
 Austrian money, and I was one of the five children. Then he married a second 
 time, and then the third Lime, but this was during my time. I was taken away 
 by a peasant out of a matter of mercy, inasmuch as my people were Jewish by 
 race; I was not, and this peasant took me aw^ay to make a Christian out of 
 me; that was his idea. That is the way the peasants are taught to help to 
 make Christians, and he took mo with him as far as Bremen, Germany, and 
 there we wo-nt on a boat. By his money he took me to Upper Lehigh, Pa., near 
 Hazleton. In a few weeks he found he hiid a brother there; that he was w'or- 
 kins in the mines 3.000 feet underground. At least, I was too young to re- 
 member; for quite a few thousand kronen — he had another relative in the 
 Hawaiian Islands, and he took me there, and we went to that place, where I 
 claimed citizenship, and Ihe Almighty was there, and the greatest scenery on 
 earth, beautiful climate, that I nave ftver seen, and I worked for him 18 
 months with the Japs, Chinese, and negrroes, in the sugar plantation, and it 
 was good, and I loved it, and I began to be a great lover of the country. 
 
 Did you not testify before Mr. Becker? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The correct testimony I gave to a gentle- 
 man from the Department of Justice who came down here a few 
 days ago as to my coming hersi, and I signed it and am willing to 
 abide by it. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You have not answered the question that 
 Maj. Humeis asked you. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not. This was all done by black- 
 mailers. 
 
■ BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 547 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This is your own statement. Did you not so 
 testify? (Showing witness paper.) 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you mean to say that the district at- 
 torney of New York State was blackmailing you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. These fellows that are blackmail- 
 ing) me came around and gave him that do'pe. 
 
 Maj. HUMI^S. I am calling your attention to your own testimony 
 when you appeared before Mr. Becker. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is not correct, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is the testimony the way you gave it? 
 
 Mr. H4MMERLING. No, sir. ' 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, the '3tenogra,pher who reported it reportea 
 it wrong, did he? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I do not know. The only correct statement 
 is the statement that I made out and signed for this, here. 
 
 Senator O'YERMAN. They asked you questions and you answer- 
 ed them before this stenographer? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They did not give me a chance, Senator. 1 
 was convicted there before I came in. A few days before they got 
 me into the county court and indicted me for some Bohemian paper 
 — for writing something against some other paper — and when the 
 judge decided that he said it was the biggest crime, he ever heard of 
 in the State of New York, for them to indict a man without giving 
 him a hearing. The judge made that statement. The samie blacTr. 
 mail'esr brought about that. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN, What did they claim in this investigation — 
 German propaganda? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. Yes, sir; these blackmailers who are nov?' 
 connected with this propaganda are trying, under cover, to pint me 
 out of business s.o that they can get even. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was it not at that same hearing l)efore Mr. Becker 
 that you are testifying to that you finally admitted your connection 
 with Mr. Rumely and Dr. Albert and connections with Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not admit that, too? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. This was in Norman White's place, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did not Norman White examine you at Mr. 
 B^ecker's hearings? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; he examined me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES He was the one that examined you? , 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. Andiwhile he was examining you did you not 
 admit the receipt of $205,000 from Dr. Rumely and Dr. Albert? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This was a few months ago? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A fe^r months before that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And in that same testimony did you not testify 
 as I read to you a while ago? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A few months ago I testified to that, and 
 then he repeated it here • but he did not ask me the same questions, 
 to the best of my recollection. 
 
 Senator NELSON. From whom was that monev? 
 
548 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Dr. Albert, the chairman of the German propa 
 ganda ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I did not get anjr money there from Dr. 
 Albert. I got it from Rumely. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. From Rumely ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLKNG. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Is he the man that has been indicted? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Let us gv) to that. You did have some connection 
 Avith Mr. Rumely? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. No connection at all. I iilaced the adverti- 
 sements. I have a statement here, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I do not care about a statement Just answer the 
 questions. We have a lot of statements here. "We want the facts 
 here. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is what I am going to give you. 
 . Maj. HUMES. How did you come in contact with Mr. Rumely, 
 and what lad up to this contact? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Shall I go ahead and tell you the story? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Go ahead. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I met Dr. Rumely through the H. K. Mc- 
 Cann Advertising Agency in 1912 through a man by the name 
 of Ellis, who Avas his advertising manager. Dr. Rumely was the 
 president of the Rumely Farm Tractor Co., in La Porte, Ind., and 
 Chicago.. I was at a convention at the time. He wanted me to do 
 some advertising in the Scandinavian and the Bohemian and other 
 papers of his tractors. Later on I met some other officers through 
 Rumely, and later on I went to see his plant in La Porte, and I saw 
 that they were building a hotel — a wonderful hotel — called tbei Rum- 
 ely; and then he asked me to address a school near Interlaken, a 
 f'chool for boys, and I took a great interest in that school because I 
 thought that he was doing a wonderful work. I carried on the 
 advertising for a couple of years, and then I understood from the 
 agencies that he was not doing very v/ell. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What was tbe character of this advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Advertising of tractors for ploAving. 
 
 Senator OA^ERMAN. Tractors for farm plowing? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ves. sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Plowing tractors? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. Then I understood that he was 
 not doing so well ; that some bankers did him out of his business ; 
 and, naturally, I was sorry for it. In Februar}^, 1914, I Avas having 
 dinner — I think it was the later part of February — in the Manhattan 
 Hotel, in Ncav York, and Dr. Rumely was at another table with his 
 wife, and he came over to my table, and the first thing I said to hin. 
 was, "Dr. Rumely, I am very sorry, what I hear about your busi- 
 ness," and he said, "Oh, well, I am doing well," and I pleaded with 
 him to continue looking after the school, for the reason that I thoughv 
 the school had a great future. He said the intention he had at that 
 time was to come and move to New York City, and he did not tell 
 )ne exactly what it was that he Avas going to do. A few days later 
 he came in to see me in the office and ask me Avhat I thought of 
 "the war. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. This Avas Avhen? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 549 
 
 i 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLINd. In February, 1914—1915 
 
 Senator NELSON. 1915? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERI;ING. Yes, sirj and I told kirn what I saw in 
 the two weeks that I ^^'as in Europe during- the war — the terrible 
 disasters xhere. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. By the way, what nationality is this Dr. 
 Eumely? M j 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He is an American by birth. I do not 
 know what nationalit}^ he came from. 
 
 Capt. LESTER. He is of German extraction. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I told him what I saw and the hard time I 
 hal to get back, etc., and then he began talking to me and asking me 
 abuiit what I thought about the different races in the United States 
 fueling worse for the country making munitions and shipping it to 
 T:Iurope. Offhand, not knowing a thing about it, I thought that it 
 was a terrible thing — just ^^'hat I answered him — and he agreed mth 
 lue, and he is a rather excitable gentleman. He went away. A few 
 days later ha came in to see me, and he asked me what I thought of 
 this condition, and I said: "Doctor, I really do not know very much 
 about it. I woidd have to look into it, and when I see you again 1 
 would tell you." 
 
 In the meantime it went to maj'^be a month or maybe two weeks; 
 I was in Chicago and talked to people in New York and it happened 
 that some pampers saw me and some publishers saw me, and they g'ot 
 telegrams and letters about the terrible conditions on the other sictc 
 and how the people were helping to do it, especially in Germany. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. They were helping to do it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; by sending these munitions. You see, 
 if I have to say it, with all my uncomfortable thin^gs here, to confess 
 it, I was myself made to believe, to understand, that the munitions 
 were going to Germany, Then Dr. Rumely said to me, How could 
 we get these people to make an aippeal to the President? I said: 
 "The proper way, doctor, would be to make it through the papers — 
 through the foreign - language papers," and at this we began talking. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Appeal for what? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not to manufacture munitions. 
 
 Senator NELSON. For the allies? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; to ship abroad. They were asking for 
 everyone. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Oh ! 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is what I understood and what was 
 going on at the time, and he said, to the best of my memory: "I will 
 think it over," and finally he continued coming around, and he final 
 ly came to the conclusion that he would like to try it, and he said 
 that he had friends who are Americans, who are seriously interested 
 in this question of saving, humanity, that is, to preserve life; and I 
 got interested, and he said that he would see his friends again. Hb 
 finally came back, and I said to him: "Doctor, I am convinced that 
 this appeal as you want it will not be published in our papers as a 
 news item. The only way it could be published would be as an 
 advertis-ement." 
 
 Senator NELSON. How did you say that? The only way It 
 could be published was how? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. As an advertisement. 
 
550 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator NELSON. Oh, yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I said, "If it is published as an advertis.t> 
 ment it should be published not only m our papers, but in the Englisn 
 papers, for the reason that our people are so much in the minority;" 
 and he agreed with me, but he said that he could not get enough 
 money to publish it in the English and the foreign-lang'uage papers* 
 from his friends. A few days went by, and he said that he succee- 
 ded to have his friends agree to raise $100,000, and when we figured 
 out what it w^ould cost in the English papers and in our papers, ii 
 amounted to over $200,000 ; so that I said to him, ' ' You have to get 
 the, other money," and he tried, and went out again and came back 
 a few days later. This all took time from February until about 
 A^pril 1, and he claimed that he convinced his friends to do it. 
 
 Then Mr. Momand and myself, and then the agency that we had 
 placed the business through in the English papers, the vice president, 
 Mr. Rankin, came down and we made out the coipy and Dr. Rumely 
 was there from time to time and helped do it, which came out this 
 year. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you not know all this time that this was 
 a movement to aid Germany? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not; no, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yoa did not have any suspicion that it was a | 
 movement to aid Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTjTNG. Not the least suspicion. I would be willing 
 to give my life to it. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you know how he got the money? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He said he got it from these peoiple who 
 wanted to preserve humanity. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You acted solely to get the money? W-as it 
 for the money that was in it or was it for the sake of humanity or 
 to help the Geimans that you did it? 
 
 ^ Mr. HAMMERLING. I acted to iget the advertisement. 
 Senator NELSON. To get the money? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; to get the money. 
 Senator NELSON. That was all you wanted? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not .think anything then about that. 
 I did not like to help the Germans. 
 
 , Senator OVERMAN. He did not tell you from whom he expected 
 to get the money? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did he discuss Dr. Albert Avith you ? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMA^N. You do not know Dr. Albert? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I saw him on the boat, en the boat that ) 
 came back on, but I never knew that he was a man rhat had anything 
 to do ^ath German propaganda or with the German Government. 1 
 understood from the captain of the boat that those three men that 
 were always together there and had a fight with all the rest of the 
 passengers on the boat— we were all sore because we could not get 
 
 •iny money exchanged tc come to Copenhagen 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you at any. time when you were carrying 
 on this business ever have any remotest suspicion that it was con- 
 nected with Germany? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 551 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINC4. No, sir : I did not. If I had, I would never 
 have touched it, I wish I would be dead before I touched it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You say you finally ca,me to an agreement with 
 Dr. Eumely? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEEJ/ING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that a few days before you com. 
 meneed the investigation of this matter and the outlining of your 
 plans for the publishing of this appeal, Ambassador von Bernstorff 
 called at vour office. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you mean to say that he never called there 1 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. He did not. If you can prove it, I will be 
 dead right here. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, while these negotiations were gK)ing on, jou 
 were in constant touch with Dr. Rumely, were you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir ; he used to come in. He was there 
 all the time, practically. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever h|ave any conversation with or any 
 business with. Dr. Albert at his office? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never before. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you at this time? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have any business with Dr. Albert at his 
 office in relation to this matter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You never went to Dr. Alert's office? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I went there once to collect a bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. A bill in connection with this transaction? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir ; a balance. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. How much was the balance? 
 
 Mr. ILVMMERLING. About $4,900. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. "When did you go there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIiING. After the advertisements were all expired. 
 Tlie arrangement was that I had to present them recei^pted bills for 
 the entire* amount of money paid, and Avhen I turned these bills over 
 I was laid up in my hoiiso. Dr. Rumely said that the bills I had to 
 present to him, and not being in the office he came to the house and 
 brought Dr. Albert to me, introduced me to him, and he asked me to 
 hand these bills to Dr. Albert, and Dr. Rumely finally gave us a 
 cheek for the balance, which was about $5,000, which check was not 
 cashed, the bank reported short of funds, and I fiiialy went over to 
 gee the man Albert and had it out with him, and finally got the 
 money from Mr. Rumely. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How much did you receive from Dr. Rumely iii 
 cash ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. $200,000. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You got $200,000 from Dr. Rumely in cash? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. And the balance also in cash. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You got the balance from Albert? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; from Rumely. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You told him 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I conferred with him. 
 
 Maj. HUME'S. And subsequent to that Dr. Rumely came around 
 and paid you tbe balance? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When was that that Dr. Albert came to your 
 house ? 
 
552 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 would say that it was a few days after 
 the bills were gotten in. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But is it not a fact that you gave an interview 
 to the New York Times that was published on April 6? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINO. What year? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The day of the publication, April 6, 1915, in which 
 you said: 
 
 1 accept. fuU responsibility for it. No German propagandist or German in- 
 terest whatever is concerned in it. The money was contributed through a 
 campaign I started on August 14 last. Individuals, societies, churches, and 
 other organizations gave to tlie fund. 
 
 Did you not give such an interview to the New York Times? 
 
 Mr. H.\MMERLrNG. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You know that such, an interview was (printed in 
 the New York Times? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you not read the New York pa,pers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do; but 1 do not pay any attention to 
 them. (Laughter.) 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you mean to say that an interview of that kina 
 was published in the New York Times and you did not repudiate it 
 if it was not true? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If I did repudiate it they would not print 
 it anyhow They print many things they would not repudiate. 
 
 Maj. IHJMES. Why would they not print it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The papers do what suit.s their advertisers. 
 I have tried it. I have sent 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Just a minute. Did the advertisers have 
 any grievance against you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The advertisers of the New York Time* 
 may not like me, or the New York World. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Do you know w^hether any of them did or 
 not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If I do ? 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It certainly must be, the way they are 
 treating me. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. No; I am going back into 1915. Do you 
 mean to say that the reason you were reported this way in the Times 
 was because any advertisers of the New York Times had anything 
 against you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. I mean before. The English newspapers 
 have no love for me, for the reason that I am taking so much money 
 away from them and placing it in these foreign-lang'uage news- 
 papers, which they had before; so that I am one out of 110,000,000 
 people. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Your statement, then, now is that it would 
 have been absolutely useless for you to deny this? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. To deny this interview in the New York 
 Times ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. For the reason that the Times would noi 
 have published your denial, for the reason that the Times might lose 
 some of this advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Now, a practical illustration of it is 
 this. I v/as a few days ago asked by the Committee on Public Infor- 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 553 
 
 mation to help them oat to place an advertisement in New York in 
 an English paper* and in an Italian paper and one French daily. I 
 placed this advertisement for onchhalf-; 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He exact in your statement. 
 
 Mr. HAMMER-LING. The agmcy that got it charged them $2,900. 
 I got it in for abont $1,300, and when I sent it to the papers and 
 sent the details the papers would not publish it, but they published 
 the besmearing about it, for the reason that they wanted to injure 
 me, or Mr. Creel, I do not know. I never saw him in my Ufe. That 
 is a fact. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You knew that the last $4,000 you got was German 
 money, did you not? 
 
 Mr HAIVIMERLING. No, sir ; I did not know that it was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not knov/ who Dr. Albert was? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. No; I did not (knoAV at that time. I knerw 
 it later, when the papers began to expose it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not say that you had him pointed out to 
 you on the steamer? 
 
 Mr. ILVMMERLING. As a Hamburg - American director. The 
 captain of the boat is still alive. He introduced me to a good many 
 of the passengers that were on the boat that night, and he said these 
 were three Hamburg Line directors. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You know that he was a German citizen? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I did not know about his citizenship 
 — I mean of what country he was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not know Mr. Albert in St. Louis while 
 he was there from 1904 to 1908? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I never knew that such a man existed. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did not know him during that time at allf 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that at the time you were putting 
 out this appeal one of your employees came to you and told you thai 
 he knew this was German money? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. It is false. He did not make such a state- 
 ment. I know to whom the Major refers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Arthur Gabriel was treasurer of your company 
 at that time. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, By name. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. His name was on your letterhead. 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. He was, by name. The officers of the 
 association outside of myself are officers by name. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What do you mean by that, "by name"? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They are clerks. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. They are clerks 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; he was a solicitor. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes; but he carried the title of vice iptresidenti 
 
 Mr. HAM]\IERLING. Yes ; to sign the mail and go around. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He was just as much a vice president as Nomand 
 was? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; exactly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He was made vice president by vou? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; by me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And that was his title? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes: that is the way most of our banKs 
 and other things are run; the people that own it are not vice pre- 
 sident?;. 
 
554 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HTTMES. Did he not, at the time this appeal was in your 
 hands, come to you one day and say this was a German scheme? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; he did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you call him into your office? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING.' No, sir; I did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES And did you not ask him what he knew about the 
 matter ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, Major, before we ewer dreamed 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just answer the question. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; 1 said no. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You never did. And did you not say to him, 
 "What people do not iknow will not hurt them"? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And if he kept his mouth shut he would not get 
 hurt? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Tie would say anything for a drink. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. That is the kind of man yuu made vice pre- 
 !iident of your company'; 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pardon me. Senator; I did not know it at 
 the time, w^hat was in the man. I knew it later, after he went into 
 business and made a failure of it. He went into the same business. 
 He was my competitor and lasted a short time, and then he combined 
 with this man who is trying to save himself and discredit me. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Who is he? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Mr. Zotti, a notorious man named Zott., 
 who took the money of 15,000 poor countrymen of his and went 
 bankrupt and never paid them a cent. 
 
 Mr. LEWIS Never mind that. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is the man that is bringing me here. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. No; he did not bring you here The committee 
 broiught you here. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pardon me ; he is claiming so. A few days 
 ago he made a speech at a banquet claiming that ho did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. We are not concerned about that. When you 
 came tO' this country from Hawaii, you came here on a transport and 
 you had no funds, did you not? 
 
 Mr. IL^MMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You landed in Wilkes-Barre in 1898 or 1899, an6 
 you had no money then, did you ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I did not. 
 
 Maj. injMES. What are you worth to-day? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think this is personal, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Well, it may be personal, but it is rather pertineni-, 
 we think.* 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I can sell everything I possess in iK.^ 
 cauntry to you for $250,000 to-day, or to anyone you w^ould designate. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. So would I, or half of that. Your answei 
 is not very illuminating. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pardon me, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You say that you would sell everything 
 you possess for $250,000. That does not Indicate that you are worth 
 that. 
 
 Mr. HAIVIMERLING That is aU I am worth. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you say that you are worth that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; about that. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 555 
 
 Maj. HXiMES. You own an estate in Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you acquire that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ahout eight years ago. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. About eight years ago? 
 
 Mr. H.VMMERLING. In 1911, I think. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is not included in that $250,000 estimait, 
 is it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; for the reason that I do not own 
 it any more. It was confiscated. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When v/as it confiscated. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have received word that it was confiseatea. 
 
 Mr. HUMES. How do you know? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was told so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who told you so? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLHSTG. a gentleman told me so, from Copenhagen, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not tell Mr. Benham when you talked 
 with him last week that you had not heard a word, and did not know 
 anything about what had happened to that estate? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. I will repeat what I said to Mr 
 Benham. I did not hear from my place since March, 1916, and i 
 heard from a man in Copienhagen w.hom I trust, a gentleman, who 
 said tJiat every piece of American (property in Austro-Hungary m a^> 
 confiscated by the government since the war was declared, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is the Austrian Governement treating you as an 
 American ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How do you know that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. How do I know that? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In 1908, when ihey had an amnesty there, 
 releasing from serving in the army ipeople who had run away any 
 man who was a citizen of anotlier country could come back. WhoTi 
 I left the place there, in the last days, maybe, the 27th or 29th of 
 July, 1914, I put up the American flag. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where did you put it up? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. On the house. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You mean in Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. On that place? yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All you know about the disposition that has bpon 
 made about your estate over there is what you hear from rumor ? 
 
 Mr. HAIVIMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Who is this man in Coipenhagen ? 
 
 Mr. HAMiMERLING. That man is a representative of the- — 
 
 Senator NELSON. What is his name? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. E. Dircks. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How do you spell it ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. D-i-r-c-k-s. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Where is he from? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Copenhagen. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What is his nationality? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He is a Swede, I think. 
 
 Senator NELSON. He is a Swede? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. He is Swedish or Danish. 
 
 Senator NELSON. He is a Dane? 
 
550 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLLNG. Yes; maybe he is a Dane 
 
 .Maj. HUMES Do you know Louis E. Miller? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of the Jewish Weekly? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLIING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you reniemher the fact of his g'oing to Europe 
 after the war started? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir I think he told me. No^ sir; I 
 do not know about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not ask him to look after some matters 
 in connection Vvdth your estate when he went? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. After the American war started? 
 
 Maj. HCJMES. No; after the European war started. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. WeU; I said if he went through that way 
 — ^yes. He came in, I think, to ask me to help him to get some papers 
 to accept these articles. But I do not remember exactly what passed 
 in the conversation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know a man by the name of Berko? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; he is a publisher of a Hungarian 
 paper. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What are your relations with him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do' not know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you not friendly with him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not that I know of. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You know whether you are or not, do you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well; I do not know who my friends are 
 now, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You know ITorAvarth, do you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Horwarth? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. HorAvarth, from Cleveland; yes. 
 
 Maj. HiJMP]S. lie and you and Berko are very friendly? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; to my face ; but behind my back very 
 far from that, so far as I know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You are friendly with them now, are you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not friendly. I do business with both. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not attend an anniversary dinner, the 
 eighty-fifth anniversary of Franz Joseph, in New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not; not that I remember. I under- 
 stand that my name is put on the program, as they do almost evei^ 
 week all over the United States ; they put my name on the proigram, 
 that I am there ; but I was not there, to the best of my memory. 
 
 Mjlj. HUMES. Are you sure you were not there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I asked every soul in my office before I 
 came to Washington, to see if 1 could correct this one thing, and no 
 one seemed to remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you not remember being there when Berko 
 proposed a toast to the Kaiser? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. I do not rememher. Major. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. At the Whitehall Club? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. At the Whitehall Club? I do not remem- 
 ber. Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you a member of the Whitehall Club? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 557 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Tliis $200,000 that you got from Eumely anu 
 Albert, how was that spent? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was paid for advertising in the English 
 and the foreign-language pa,pers, for the mechanical work and the 
 commission. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. . Hew did you place the English advertisement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I placed it through the John E. Mahan 
 Advertising Agency. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you pay that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the best of my knowledge, as I told you. 
 I delivered to them the receipted bill. I thought it Avas $48,138. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This was $38,148. It does not exceed $48,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Something like that; yes sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. *Did you offer that advertisement to all of the 
 foreign-language new^spapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did they print it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Pretty nearly all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you pay them all for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All that printed it were paid, were they? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, yes. 
 
 Senator NJ]LSON. Did you have it printed in the Scandinavian 
 papers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. In what Scandinavian papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. There was an advertisement in the Skandi- 
 navien, of Chicago. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was there in the Decorah Posten? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. The Posten is a Norwegian paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. The Danski Pioneer had it, too. 
 
 Senator NELSON. That is in Omaha? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. That is a Danish paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. I think it was printed in Norwegian. It was 
 printed in the Minneapolis Tidende? 
 
 Mr. HAM^MERIilNG. It was in all of the papers; yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. It was? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING Yes. Senator "Hitchcock printed it free 
 of charge. 
 
 Gentlemen, I want to say this as to what happened to me-. If i 
 would have listened to the solicitors and publishers of the newspapers 
 to give this advertisement, I would have been out, because the cry 
 was, to get more and to get more. "We will do anything to get 
 more" — that vras the cry. But as soon as the World came out that 
 it was German propaganda 1 dropped it like a dead one. I have the 
 signatures ri'ght here. I understand that some blackmailers say that 
 these are not genuine names. I have the original signatures, every 
 one of them (producing papers). 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All right, sir; v/e will let you find some of them. 
 Senator NELSON. May I just interpolate there? 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes, sir. 
 
558 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator NELSON, Did you have that notice published in the 
 Normander, of Grand Forks? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Or in the Northman, of Minneapiolis ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Or in the Skandinavine, of Chicago? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINO. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. They all published that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINO. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Do you know what was paid them? Have 
 3^ou got the bills? Pnt the bills you paid those papers in the record. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember, Senator, the exact 
 amount. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Then you hand that to the stenographer. 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. T do not remember the amounts. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Have you got the records in your office? 
 
 Mr. HAIIMBRLING. Not for that year. The papers have those 
 records. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Oh, but if you paid them would you not have 
 a record of it? 
 
 Mr. HA]\IMERLTNG. Not for that year. We only kept the 
 record for the last two years. 
 
 Senator NELSON, What did you do with the others; destroy 
 them ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We put them out; yes, sir; otherwise it 
 would take more room than we can affoird to keep them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have a list of papers here that I wish you would 
 find the authority to sign. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Are they on that list? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Here is the way it appears (indicating list). 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They are the signatures (indicating). 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Here is the same thing from the New York World 
 (indicating list). 
 
 Mr. HAM:MERTjINiG. No; you have not ^gotten it, Major, for the 
 reason that the Woild did not have that additional list (indicating 
 another paper) 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then there are some that we have not checked. 
 This is the one that the World printed. This is a part of the list. 
 Look and find the authority that yon had to use the names of those 
 publishers. 
 
 Mr. H4MMERLING. Will somebody help me with this list? 
 
 Maj. HT^MES. I expect we had better do that at the recess time, 
 after the committee adjourns. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was the Decorah Posten one of the papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think it was, but I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you those in the order? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We put them in the order as they signed. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. As they signed? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Did you say a while ago that you under- 
 stood that the shipment of munitions that was complained about 
 was shipment to Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You thought that this appeal, if it was 
 effective, would stop the shipment of munitions to Germany? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 559 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING. To Germany, exactly. That is the way we 
 understood it. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Was this appeal poiblished in any Austrian 
 papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In this country, you mean? 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING, In the Hungarian- Austrian papers, yes, 
 sir; also in German papers. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. Those papers certainly could not have 
 "hought that this appeal was against the shipment of munitions to 
 Germany ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLJNG. When it is paid advertising the papers do 
 not care v.'hat it is. So long as they know that the big English 
 papers take it, they will take it. 
 
 Maj HOMES. You sa/ that you thought this involved shipments 
 into Germany as well as into Austria? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At the time of this occurence you were having 
 difficulty in' keeping in touch with your own property interests in 
 Germany, were you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Tf I had trouble? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you not having trouble in keeping in touch 
 with your property interests in Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMKRLING. Not in ]015. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When did you first have trouble? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To get letters or to send anybody there? 
 I think that the man who went down there to look after my property, 
 a Polish man, went down when Italy declared war. I do not re- 
 member the date. 
 
 Maj. HTTVEES. Hoav did he go there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Through Italy. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, Did yoa expect that mimitions would be sent to 
 Germany through Italy, or some of the countries at war with Ger- 
 many? 
 
 Mr. HA]\IMERLING. I understood they were going to Denmark 
 and Sweden and Holland. 
 
 Senator NELSON Did you not know that the British had a 
 blockade preventing co-mmiunication Avith Germany on the North 
 Sea? 
 
 Mr HAMMERIJNG. Not at that time. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yes: at that time, 1915. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. But I did not know it at that time. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Why did you not know it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not know everything^ 
 
 Senator WOIjCOTT. Mr. Hammerling, everybody in the United 
 States that was endowed with a moderate amount of intelligence 
 knows that the complaint was that these munitions were being ship- 
 ped to France and England, to the allies. Nobody was complaining 
 •about the shipment of munitions to Germany. Do you mean to tell 
 me that in the face of all that information that everybody in the 
 United States had you did not know it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not know it; no, Senator. I did not. 
 1 worked about 18 hours a day. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. I know, but you do not look like a stupid 
 man, Mr. Ham.merling. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. Thank you. 
 
560 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. With all due respect I make that statement. 
 Yoii weire in the minority in the United States, I think, in that belief. 
 
 Maj. IfTJMES. "We will check up these papers later, during a 
 recess of the committee, with Mr, Hammerling. 
 
 Do you know, or did you ever know, a man by the name of Romer, 
 who was at one time directly or indire<3tly connected with the Austro- 
 Hungarian consulate? ^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. What is the name? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Romer. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I never heard of him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know a man by the name Greglr? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Very well. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What was his activity along political lines or 
 national lines? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I understood from people that he was 
 very proally. He is a very big man in the Bohemian community. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You and he are very close friends, are you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well— close friends. I like h'im; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you and he were in touch with 
 the Austrian consulate through this man Romer, and was it not your 
 effort, and Gregr's with you, to align the Bohemians in this country 
 up with the Austrians? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false; no, sir; absolutely false. 
 I think it is a crime saying things about Gregr. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know a man named Wandmayer? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I do not think so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You do not know about him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How much advertising did you receive from the 
 German steamship companies up until the time war was declared? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I handled every steamship company in the 
 United States, including the Canadian Pacific. I could not give you 
 the number offhand, but I should think that the largest one — am 1 
 answering your question properly? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Go on. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The largest one, I think, would be tni? 
 Cunard Line, $15,000. Then there was the Hamburg-American next, 
 with $12,000; and then Italian lines, with perhaps $10,000, and the 
 North German, $8,000, and then it dwindled down to the Scandi- 
 navian, about $5,000 a year. 
 
 Maj. IHTMES. When did that stop? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I got a cable, when I came in from the 
 farm, there. I cabled that I was leaving and that is the way I kept 
 in touch : and the last cable was about the 30th of July, 1914, and 
 they discontinued a few days before that, every line, with tne 
 exception of the Scandinavian, the Cunard, and the Italian, which 
 are still running-. We are not handling the Cunard. We are handling 
 the Italian, I think. 
 
 Senator NELSON. There are three of those lines — the Scandi- 
 navian, the Swedish line, and the Norwegian line? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you handle all three lines? 
 
 Mr. HAIMMERLING. Yes. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 561 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Then, yon knew that the Germaii steamship adver- 
 tising h9,d ceased before you got back to the United States? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINGr. All steamship advertising had ceased, with 
 the exception of these three I have mentioned. 
 
 Maj. HIJMES. Which were those? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. The Cunard, the Italian lines, and the 
 Scandinavian lines. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Was not that notice to yon that there was 
 not any shippment of munitions going on to Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 did not understand 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You did not understand at all? 
 
 Mr. IIA-MMERLING. I did not know why it was then. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You did not have any idea that it was 
 because of the war? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Or that the British blockade had interposed 
 any obstacle? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why did you not come back on the Hamburg 
 Line? Why did you come back on a Danish line? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I had a ticket on the Hamburg Line, and 
 they returned me the money. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, as a matter of fact, you knew that there 
 was no shipping going into Germany? 
 
 Mrv HAMMERLING. Of course T knew there was no steamers 
 going in there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, if you knew there was no shipping going 
 Into Germany, you knev/ that the so-called appeal 
 
 Mr. HAIMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES (continuing). Was intended to interfere with the 
 activities of the allies, did you. not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, Major, I will go back to the simiple 
 statement, which in my humble way is truth ; I did not know a thing 
 about it. He said that this money was spent by people to protect 
 humanity and not to ship munitions anywhere, and I understood 
 from publishers that I asked that the people had been mostly de- 
 stroyed in Poland by what was taking place in Russia, and it was 
 Germany, and that this was going to Germany, and in all that time 
 I never heard of munitions being made anywhere except by those 
 (^omjpanies — the Du Pont Co. and the Reming'ton Arms Co. — and 
 Mr. Schwab told me a few years ago that another place here they 
 "were making guns for Austria-Hungary. I am not in favor of mili- 
 tarism, so that I do not know a thing about it and never studied it, 
 and never hope to. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you get authority to sign the names of 
 different publishers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They are right here m this list (indicating 
 papers). 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you do it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I sent out a letter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you send a letter to all of them or communi- 
 cate with them personally? 
 
 Mr. HAM^IERLING. Every one got the same circular letter. 
 
562 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. H-tJMES Did you send it to all through the mails? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLJNG. All thrpugh the mails. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you undertake to persuade or coax any of 
 them to sign it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never. I did not care whether 10 of them 
 signed it or a hundred. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it nol a fact that the publishers who would not 
 sign this aptpeal at your request were taken off your advertising 
 list, and that you threatened you would take them off and did taKe 
 them off and never put them on afterw^ards? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Absolutely false. The same man who has 
 been blackmailing me makes the same statement. 
 
 Maj. l^HJMES. Who is he; Mr. Zotti? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. Yes, sir; Mr. Zotti. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Bo you know Mr. Popovich? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HiTMES. What paper is he connected with? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He has got a little Serbi&n paper. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. His connection with Mr. Zotti is purely imaginary, 
 is it? 
 
 Mr. HA]\OMERLING. Yes, sir. I have a paper here I will show 
 you. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, just wait a minute and answer the questions. 
 Mr. Popovich runs a newspaiper and Zotti is not connected with it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. J do not knoAv. Mr. Zotti runs a good 
 many papers that he is not supposed to be connected with. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you sent one of your solicitors 
 out to secure the signature of Popovich to this appeal 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Wait until I finish the question. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINIG. Pardon me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES (continuing^,. That he refused to sign it, and that 
 he called you up on the tele/phone and told you he did not think it 
 was riight for you to pint out a thing of that kind, and you told him 
 he had better sign it or he would be sorry for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And is it not a fact that from that day on you 
 have never given him one dollar of advertisement? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. It is absolutely false, for the reason that I 
 did give him advertising since that for a daily paper, a Serbian paper, 
 that was ostablished, and some advertisers who want to^ reach the 
 Serbians use that paper. That is all there is about it and nothing 
 else. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was not that Serbian paper started in order that 
 there should be a SerMan (paper that you could dominate and con- 
 trol? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely had nothing to do with it. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. How many of your advertisers furnish you a list 
 of the markers that the'se advertispraent are to ffo into? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 99 per cent of them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. About 99 per cent of them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERI/TNG. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTT1\IES. M^. Andreae never designated them, did he? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T know, but that is quite a different pro- 
 position. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 563 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did Mr. Rumely designate the papers that he 
 wanted his advertisements to go in. 
 
 Mr. HAMMBE,LJNG. Yes, sir— not the foreign papers, hut all 
 the English papers. 
 
 Maj. iillMES. I am speaking ahout foreign papers. Did he not 
 designate the foreign papers that he wanted used? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He used them all. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. He used them all? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. Did the Standard Oil Co. designate their papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. Do they give you the particular papers they want 
 used. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. Have you the data showing what they designate? 
 
 Mr. HA]\1MERLING. Yes; the regular order. They give the In- 
 formation. 
 
 ■ Maj. HUMES. You have a form of order here (indicating paper). 
 Here is one right here. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERI;ING. Yes, sir; that is it. I will give you tne 
 whole thing, 
 
 Maj. PHJMES. This is your form (examining paper). 
 
 Mr. H^VMMERLING. Yes, sir; that is my form. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Supposing a man wanted matter published in 2UU 
 or 300 paipers, hovv^ could you desigtnate them on the forms you use? 
 
 Mr. H^IMMERLTNG. Designate it? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He generally says, "I Avant to cover this 
 Territory, I w^ant to cover this kind of people, or nationality." 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Does he not mention the sort of .papers of the class 
 of papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, Y;es. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you select the papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I do not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But your office does 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; in some cases they could select 
 them themselves. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Is it not a fact that you have not given Mr. Popo- 
 vich one dollar's worth of advertising since 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING It is absolutely false. I saw him here, and 
 he called up only a few weeks ago and asked if a certain bill wa.^ 
 paid from my office, and it was paid. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Tell us what you know about the organization of 
 the Liherty Immigration Society, a few years ago. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This society was organized to work against 
 the literacy-test bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Who organized, it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was amonp,* the organizers. 
 
 Maj. TTUMES. And ymi gave out a little gri'eea card, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You sold those cards for membership? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not sell them. The membershitp. for a 
 year was $1. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You issued them these green cards? 
 
564 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir.. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that it was represented to the 
 aliens, whose membership was sought, that that would enable then:, 
 to bring* into this country, through Ellis Island, iheir friends, and 
 ihat they would not have any trouble there? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is absolutely false 
 Maj. HUMES Did not the Government take a hand with that 
 organization ? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 Maj. HUMES. What became of it? 
 
 Mr. HAMME .FILING. The President of the United States at tha' 
 time was the honorary president of it. 
 Maj. HUMES. What became of it? 
 
 Mr. HA]!/[M3i:RLTNG. When we got through with it it was wound 
 up by the attorney. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who was the President? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Mr. President Taft. 
 Maj. HUMES. He was the honorary president? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He was. 
 Maj. HU]\0']S. Did he know about it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; I should say he did. Most of th& 
 money put into it I put in. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How many members did you have? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A couple of thousand. 
 Maj. HUMES. What did that organization do? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They M^ent around on committees to muke 
 speeches in different places to educate peiople against the literacy- 
 test law, on the ground that it was not the fault of a human being if 
 his father or his country did not give him an education, and it was 
 not right to expect him to be kept out of the country on that ground 
 Maj. HUMES. How many meetings did you have? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of this society? 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 MMr. HAMMERLING. Quite a few; as many as were necessary. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was not the first purpose of that organization to 
 
 give you a name that you could use for your propaganda pur)poses? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, I did not need that at all. I did not 
 
 need it, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You could use your own name for propaganda 
 purposes ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir — what propaganda ^purposes, if 
 you will pardon me? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The immigration propaganda. 
 Mr. HAMMERIilNG. Do you think it was a wrong thing to 
 defend the rights of these people? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I am not discussing the merits of the question. 
 Mr. H/vMMERLING. The strongest men in the country we're in 
 that. I v.''as only one among them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Just shortly before you put out this appeal you 
 carried on some invetigations of labor conditions about munition 
 factories in this country, did you not? 
 
 Mr. Hx\MMERL"l>TG. Not investigations. W^e had the inspection. 
 You take a bu.-iness of an unkno-wn kind and the thing to do is to 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 565 
 
 find out what they are doing. I will give you an example. A few 
 years ago a man came from Louiisiana by the name of Watkins. He 
 wanted to sell farms in Louisiana. We said to him, "We will take 
 this advertising if the papers can feel that they can handle it"j we 
 sent a committee down there to see that land and see if th.e title was 
 correct, and so forth ; and it was all right, and when the report was 
 that it was all rigiht we accepted the business. 
 
 When Rumely began to talik that he was going to do this advertis- 
 ing the question was how Ave shall reach these foreigner's ; I said vo 
 them, "The best thing is to find out wlio these workers are, where 
 they are from." 1 did not know a thing about it — where they were 
 from. So that in the course of time he brought me in a list, a ipieee 
 of yellow paper, and handled it to Mr. Momand, who repeated it to 
 me yesterday — ^he is noiw an officer in the United States Army — and 
 he said when I got the list I went into my room and said to Arthur 
 Gabriel, "You go there," and to another fellow, "Go there," and I 
 think it was five or six names, and we asked Wazeter, and heiperson- 
 ally went to Brooklyn, he said. I would not liave remembered it, 
 but he said he went to Brooklyn and spent a couple of hours and 
 came back. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did you send these men for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. These men were to find out where these 
 places are, and what there was there, and the priests, or the news- 
 papers, or whatever there Avas there — what these fellows have in this 
 work and to inquire of the priests or the papers or the saloons 
 They came back in a couple of days and I understood from Mr. Mo- 
 mand that the reports was that they said — ^if the ladies will pardon 
 me — "They did not give a damn what they were doing so long as 
 they made good money," and they said there Avere less than 20 per 
 cent foreigners and the rest were Americans or Giermans. 
 
 Maj. HI^MES. Then if you found out a situation of that kind as 
 the basis for your activity with this appeal, why did you g>o on and 
 put out an appeal and spend $200,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Major, I Avent just according to Dr. Ru- 
 mely exactly, and 1 did not discourage him to place the advertisiement 
 for the rea,son that I wanted the advertisement. Times Avere hard 
 and T thought it was good business to get it, 
 
 Maj, HUMES, This appeal you put out was an appeal to thie 
 American people, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING, Yes. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. And it w~as not an appeal to the foreigners? 
 
 Mr HAIVIMERLING. We called ourselves Americans. If a man 
 addresses me as an American he is protected under our flag. 
 
 Maj. HI"'^MES. Was it not your purpose in sending these men out 
 to these different munitiovi factories to get a line on this proposition 
 with a view of carrying a propaganda into munition factories. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES These men Avho Avent out and made a Avritten re- 
 port 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not a written report that I ever saw. I 
 asked Mr. Momand yesterday, and he said that it was absolutely 
 false. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You mentioned just a moment ago, as au 
 illustration, the case of a Louisiana advertiser, advertising for the 
 sale of land? 
 
566 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 M>. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You did not want to acceipt that advertis- 
 ing "until yon had satisfied yourself that there was such land there 
 as they nepresented they owned, and that the title was all right? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEHLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Your purpose in doing that, I should sup- 
 pose, wa?? 
 
 Mr. HAMERLING. To protect the purchasers. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. To raalre sure that there was no false fake 
 advertisement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. And that it would go out and that, these 
 people that put uip their money would not be defrauded by somiebody 
 who had gotten up a scheme to get their money? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLmG. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOT. The investigation you made into the munitions 
 plants as preliminary to the publishing of this advertisement could 
 iiot have been from any such motive as that, because this advertise- 
 ment was not of something to sell. Therefore it strikes me that the 
 investigation you were conducting into the munitions plants was not 
 for any such reason as that which you conducted in the Louisiana 
 case, and there must have been some other reason. What was that 
 other reason? 
 
 Mr. HA]\IERLTNG. There was another reason, to find out what 
 these people were. I did not know what papers to employ. He 
 paid it himself. We did not pay these expenses. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. But is not this as clear as sunlight, that the 
 thing the advertisement was intended to accomplish was the stop- 
 ping of the shipment of munitions ; and in that case how did you get 
 any information from communicating -with the Du Pont pieojple who 
 manufactured powder or with the Remington people who made guns ? 
 It did not make any difference; you wanted to stop the shipments. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not me ; the advertiser wanted to stop the 
 shipment. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Yes ; the advertiser. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. But you made the investigation to protect 
 your concern from putting out a fraudulent or fake advertisement 
 or something of that kind, you say? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Will you esipilain to me how an investigation 
 such as you conducted in connection with a thing like this would 
 prevent your handling any fraudulent thing? Caii you explain that, 
 now? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T am trying to, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You are making a very poor try of it, I 
 must say. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not get that, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. I do not follow you explanation, at all. 
 
 Mr. HAIMIVEERLING. My explanation ih that we sent these men 
 over there to see what kind of men, to find out if this advertising 
 v/ould have any value, and we reported the truth. When Rumely 
 came in, I called him., and I thinik Gabriel is hera, and no different 
 opinion was presented. They said that this felloAV said they did 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 567 
 
 not give a damn Avhat they were doing, so long as they made money , 
 that they were mostly in the minority; that they are mostly Ameri- 
 cans and Germans; and he said "Go ahead with it." 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Of course, he would have said that, what- 
 ever the result of the investigation might have been, because the in- 
 vestigation threw no light on the question of whether you should 
 take the advertisement or not. 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Absolutely. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. It was absolutely irrelevant. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. And it was time wasted and no use. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Absolutely foolish and ridiculous. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, if that is the case, what was the real reason 
 of making that investigation by these men you sent to the munitions 
 plants ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I told you, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. If this aippeal had been successful it would have 
 meant that the munition factories and workers in munition factories 
 would have quit working on munitions. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is an apipeal to ask these men to quit work- 
 ing in munition factories? That was the purpose? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. This was the feeling of the Nation at the 
 time, anyhow; of the residents of the United States, and of the 
 Senate. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The thought that you and Rumely had in mind 
 was not to prevent tlie shipping of munitions already manufactured, 
 but to prevent the manufacture of munitions by workmen in the 
 country? 
 
 Mr. 'HAMMERLING. I had nothing of the kind in mind at all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was evidently what Rumely wanted? 
 
 Mr. HAl^OIERLING. I da not know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who ^^ote this? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am telling you, Momand and myself and 
 Mr. Rankin and Dr. Rumely. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you helped write it. Who wrote this para- 
 graph ? 
 
 "We appeal individually to the workmen of such factories, even 
 at the sacrifice of their positions, to go on record as being unalterably 
 opposed to being employed for the purpose of manufacturing am- 
 munition to shatter the bodies and blot out the lives of their own 
 blood relatives." 
 
 Who wrote that paragrajph? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know anything about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You knew that was in there? 
 
 Mr. H.\MMERLTNG. No ; I have not read it since it aippeared. I 
 read it before it appeared. 
 
 • Maj. HUMES. How could that appeal that I have just read inter- 
 fere with the shipping of munitions? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know. I do not think I under- 
 stand your question. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You say this was to prevent the shijpping of muni- 
 tions. If that appeal that T have just read had been heeded in this 
 
568 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 coujitry, how could it have iiiterfered with the shipping of muni- 
 tions ? 
 
 Mr HAMMEKLING. 1 do not understand it yet. 
 
 Senatoi' WOLCOTT. Apparently there would Jiot have been any 
 aiunitioni! shipped. 
 
 Maj. IIXJMPJS. Yes In other vrords, apiparently this appeal was 
 to cause Industrial trouble and to prevent men from working in 
 munition factories. That was the purpose of it. 
 
 Mr. HAM;MERLMG. J am not an industrial trouble maker. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was not that the effect of it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was not that the purpose of it? Was not 
 that the result? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am. not responsible for that. 
 
 Senator NELSON. I am net aski/ig- if you are responsible. I am 
 asking you if that was not the effect of such an appeal as that ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 do not know. 
 
 Senator NELSON (continuiug). Upon the men, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 do not know. 
 
 Senator NELSON, If that had been addressed to you would it 
 not have impressed you so? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know. At any rate I am not im- 
 pressed Avith what an advertisement says. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You say you helped write that advertisement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You will pnt this in the record? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Put it all in the record. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 (The appeal and supplem^ent thereto are here printed in full in the 
 record, as follows :) 
 
 HAMMERLING EXHIBIT No. 155. 
 
 (The WorM: Monday, April 5, 1915). 
 
 NOTE: The name of the Narodni List will not be found below. It refused 
 to sign the ..Appeal", or to publish this advertisement. 
 
 Compliments of Narodni List, the oldest American daily in Croatian. 
 
 AN APPEAL TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. 
 
 „LET US ALLEVIATE HUMAN SIJ.FFERING AND PRESERVE LIFE— NOT 
 
 HELP TO DESTROY IT." 
 
 As a result of receiving: hundreds of thousands of letters, cables and mes- 
 sages through various sources containing heart-broken appeals, prayers and 
 pleas from the people of our mother countries, we, the undersigned editor.^ 
 and publishers, have concluded to place this appeal before the great Americar 
 people on behalf of our readerK. 
 
 The readers of our newspapers are vitally affected, almost without excep 
 tion, by this disastrous conflict of the European nations. Their brothers, theii 
 sisters, parents, children or relatives live in the warring countries. This 
 does not mean that the American people as a whole is not vitally affected, 
 but our readers are more closely linked through the bonds of blood relation- 
 ship with the peoples of countries now plunged in the dephts of barbaric war- 
 fare. Each day's mail v/ith its news of the pitiful progress of the war, brings 
 oome new and bitter anguish to the hearts of our people. 
 
 The pleas of the n\illionH of widowed mothers, the appeals of the fatherless 
 ci lidren and orphans and the prayers of the starving thousands of Europe 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROrAGANDA 569 
 
 directed to us, justifies us, we believe, in making tliis appeal in the name of 
 humanitj^ and justice. 
 
 We appeal to the American jieuple, to the high minded and courageous 
 American press, and to the American manufacturer of ijowder, shrapnel and 
 cartridges, and we appeal to the workmen engaged in the plans devoted to 
 the manufacture of ammunition for use by the nations at war, to immediately 
 cease making powder, shrapnel and cartridges destined to destroy our bro- 
 thers, widow" our sisters and mothers and orphan their children as well as 
 destroy forever the priceless j.iossession handed down by our ancestors. 
 
 We appeal particularly to the American manufacturers and their workmen 
 engaged i.i manufacturing any of these articles, to suspend at once the manu- 
 facture of powder and bullets Avliich are being made for the cruel and in- 
 human purpose of mutilating and destroying humanity. 
 
 We appeal individually to the workmen of such factories, even at the 
 sacrifice of their positions, to go on record as being unalterably opposed to 
 being employed for the purpose of manufacturing ammunition to shatter the 
 bodies and blot out the lives of their own blood relatives. 
 
 The honor of the American people, the integrity of the Nation, the standing 
 of our manufacturers and the patriotism and manhood of the workmen, de- 
 mand that the entire Avorld bf; shown once and forever, that money soaked 
 with the blood of humanity cannot purchase those qualities. 
 
 We ask the American people, theiefore, in the name of humanity and a 
 true spirit of neutrality to do everything in their power as individuals and 
 collectively as a Nation to influence the manufacturers and workmen in the 
 United States, engaged in tiie manufacture of powder and bullets for use by 
 any of the warring countries of the woi-ld, to end this manufacture, the selling 
 and the shipping of such materials. 
 
 Wfc appeal to you, and every reader, to help us save our brothers abroad 
 from further destruction. Let us Americans rise with courage and decision to 
 our responsibility. 
 
 First, w^e must stop the vv^holesale manufacture of ammunition for profit, 
 and thus end our own participation in the wai. 
 
 Then we can insist that Europe heed our demand for peace. Stop your 
 work on powder, shrapnel and cannon. 
 
 Make your will felt through resolution.; of your societies, by appeal to 
 your local press, by action in your churches ,by letters to your representa- 
 tives in public office. 
 
 Our participation must stop now and then our influence for justice and 
 righteousness can help end the war. 
 
 The cost of this advertisement has been voluntarily given in the shape of 
 small contributions by our people, who are actuated by a sense of humanity 
 and justice and a patriotic desire not to have this peace-loving Nation directly 
 or indirectly the cause of further loss of life or destruction of property. 
 
 The following is the resolution signed by the publishers authorizing this 
 appeal to the American people: 
 
 „We, the publishers of the undersigned newspapers, authorize an appeal to 
 the American people, industries and workmen, not to manufcature, sell or ship 
 powder, shrapnel or shot of any kind or description to any of the warring 
 nations of Europe or Japan." 
 
 Vincent A. M. Morelli, Publisher. Marconi Telegraph, Italian newspaper. 
 V. J. Nemec, Publisher. Slovensky Pokrok, Slovak newspaper. 
 Vincenzo D' Anita, Publisher. II Messaggero di Paterson, Italian newspaper, 
 W. A. Mazur, Publisher. Telegram Codzienny, Polish newspaper. 
 Louis Gerson, Publisher. Philadelphia Jewish Morning Journal. 
 Rev. Lad. Horsanyi, Publisher. Ami-rikai Magyar Reformatusok Lapja, Hun- 
 garian newspaper. 
 
 F. Wandel, jr.. Publisher. Ameryka, Ruthenlan newspaper. 
 
 P. S. Montanaro, Publisher. L'Osservatore, Italian newspaper. 
 
 P. S. Yonosky, Publisher. Freie Arbeiter Stimme, Jewish newspaper. 
 
 William Wendt, Publisher, Olympia, Greek newspaper 
 
 D. O. Divey, Publisher. Olympia, Greek newspaper 
 
 Prof. A. Colletta, Publisher. II Gazzettino, Italian newspaper. iv. 
 
 Afifa Karam, Publisher. The New Vv'orld, Arabic newspaper 
 
 Rev. Carmelo Di Sano, Publisher. La Croce, Italian newspaper. 
 
 B. Strzelecki, Publisher. Slowo Poiskie, Polish newspaper, 
 
 Achieber Press Association, Publishers. Hatoren, Hebrew newspaper 
 
 Pasquale Matullo, Publisher. L'Ora. Italian newspaper 
 
570 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Samuel J. Rosen, Manager. Der Yid, Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 S. J. Tybubski, Publisher. Praca, Polish newspaper. 
 
 N. G. Badran, Publisher. The Eagle, Syrian newspaper. 
 
 Joseph Isola, Publisher. L'ltaliano in America, Italian newspajer. 
 
 Israel JViedkin, Manager. Der Anrierikaner, Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 V. Yaktis, Manager. Kova, Liithuanian newspaper. 
 
 Harry E. Guarasci, Publisher. L'lndipendente di Syracuse, Italian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Theofil Wasowicz, Publisher. Patryota, Palish newspaper 
 
 J. Sefir & H. Zind, Publishers. Al-Ettehad, Syrian newspaper 
 
 Giorgio Pinelli, Publisher. L'Eco dTtalia, Italian newspaper. 
 
 B. K. Kohanyi, Publisher. Szabadsag, Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 Leon Burstein, Publisher. BrooJtlyn — Brownsville Post, Jewish newspaper. 
 
 P. Curzio & Co., Publishers. I/Eco del Rhode Island, Italian newspaper 
 
 Br. Zelski, Publisher. Motyl, Polish newspaper. 
 
 Rev. Zaltan Kuthy, Ph. D., Publisher. Reformatus Hirado, Hungarian news- 
 paper. 
 
 James D. Caporasoe, Publisher. La Stella Coloniale, Italian newspaper 
 
 Adolph Held, Manager. Phiadephia Jewish Daiy Forward 
 
 T. B. Friedson, Manager. Boston Jewish American. 
 
 Joseph Bruno, Publisher. Mastro Paolo, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Stephen M. Nowaczyk, Publisher. Gwiazda, Polish newspaper 
 
 H. F. Roy, Publisher. Petit Journal, French newspaper 
 
 Martin Himler, Publisher. Magyar Eanyaszlap, Hungarian newspaper 
 
 F. S. Maririaro, Publisher. L'Eco Coloniale del New England, Italian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Ig. Kozlowski, Publisher. Gazeta Tygodniowa, Polish newspaper 
 Cornelius H. Lont, Manager. Het Oosten, Holland ish newspaper 
 Phil. Nardone, Publisher. Big Stick, Jewish newspaper 
 /acob Marinoff, Publisher. Big Stick, Jewish newspaper 
 N. A. Mokarzel, Publisher. Al-Hoda, Arabic newspaper 
 
 D. Marnlio &. Sons, Publishers. II Progresso, Italian newspaper 
 
 J. Vincent Labate, Publisher. La Vita Economica, Italian newspaper 
 
 Braz de Souza, Editor and Publisher. As Novidades, Portugese newspaper 
 
 S. M. Nagy, Publisher. Kepes Tuuosito, Hungarian newspaper 
 
 J. E. Lambert, Publisher. Le Supplement, French newspaper. 
 
 Albert Tarchiani, Publisher. II Cittadino, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Adolph Held, Publisher. Zukunft, Yiddisli newspaper 
 
 A. B. Strimaitis, Secretary. Tevyne, Lithuanian newspaper 
 
 Frank TJe Feo, Publisher. La Verita, Italian newspaper 
 
 E. Dahmen, Manager, Vart Land, Swedish newspaper 
 
 Peter Schmukler, Publisher, Volksadvocat, Jewish newspaper 
 Lithuanian Co-Operative Pub. Soc, Publishers. Laisve, Lithuanian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Joseph J. Yabroudi, Publisher. Al-Sahhat, Arabic newspaper 
 
 Rev. D. A. Rocca, Publisher. La Verita in Carita, Italian newspaper 
 
 L. D'Amanda, Publisher. La Tribuna di Rochester, Italian newspaper 
 
 Joseph Lussier, Publisher. La Ju.stice, French newspaper 
 
 John Jachetti, Publisher. II Bollettino, Italian newspaper 
 
 Joseph Smotczynski, Publishei'. Gazeta Buffaloska, Polish newspaper 
 
 D. R. Vomby, Editor and Publislier. Literatur un Leben, Yiddish newspaper 
 
 G. D. Berko, Publisher. Amerikai Magyar Nepszava, Hungarian newspaper 
 Monsignor A Arcese, Director. Bollettino Mensile, Italian newspaper 
 Axel Fredenholm, Editor and Publisher. Osterns Veekoblad, Swedish news- 
 paper. 
 
 M. S. Gadol. Publisher. La America, Spanish -Hebrew newspaper 
 A. B. KoUer, General Manager. Amerikai Magyar Hirlap, Hungarian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Goffrcrto Caryani, Publisher. La Stampa, Italian newspaper 
 
 Jacob Ginsburg, Publisher. .Jewish World ■' 
 
 S. Baddour, Publisher. Al-Bayan, Arabic newspaper 
 
 Charles K. Johansen, Publisher. Nordstrjernan, Swedish newspaper 
 
 J. J. Demoro, Publisher, La Riforma, Italian newspaper 
 
 Frank Bokory, Publisher. Amerikai Magyarsag, Hungarian newspaper 
 
 Victor E Pomeranz, Editor and Publisher. Jewish Progress 
 
 Rafael Viera, Publisher, La Prensa, Spanish newspaper 
 
 L. Bene.iik, Publisher. Glas Naroda, Slovenian newspaper 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 571 
 
 S. Mature, Manager. L,a Parola Cattolica, Italian newspaper 
 Charles A. Biczak, Publisher. Slovensky Obzor, Slovak newspaper 
 L. F. Wazeier, Publisher Tyg-odnik Polski, Polish newspaper 
 Prof. v. Giordanelli, Publisher. La Colonia, Italian newspaper 
 Joseph Stetkewicz, Publisher. Svoboda, Ruthenian newspaper. 
 J. A. Hapet, Treasurer and Secretary. New Yorkin Uutiset, Finnish news- 
 paper. 
 
 S Maidanskes', Publisher. Russian Herald 
 Israel Friedkin, Manager. Jewish .Morning Journal 
 Joseph Gullino, Publisher. II Corriere d'ltalia, Italian newspaper 
 Japanese Times Co., Publishers. Japanese Times 
 John Milano, Publisher. La Montaena, Italian newspaper 
 S. Eflnaff, Publisher. Life and Laughter, Russian newspaper 
 E. M. Grella. Secretary. Telegrafc^ Italian newspaper 
 Herman Virag, Treasurer Szabad Sajto, Hungarian newspaper 
 Arthur Reli-hmann, Publisher. I^a Libia, Italian newspaper 
 N. Carciana, Publisher, La Libi:i, Italian newspaper 
 John F. Sfonborski, Publisher. Strumien, Polish neiwspaper 
 Herman Bernsein, President. Philadelphia Jewish Day 
 E. M. Greile, Treasurer, Telegrafo, Italian newspaper 
 
 M. Pasvolsky, Publisher, Russkoye Slovo,' Russian newspaper 
 Herman Bernstein, President. The IJiiy, Jewish newspaper 
 Pasquale di Mezzo, Publisher. II Messaggero, Italian newspaper 
 Joint Board of Cloak a.nd Skirt Makers Union Publishers. The New Post. 
 Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 Onorio Ruoiolo, Publisher. II Fuoco, Italian newspaper 
 
 E. Weinberger, Manager. Magj^ar Hirlap, Hungarian newspaper 
 
 I'rof. E. Spinal, Publislier. La Luce, Italian newspaper 
 
 Peter Schmulker, Publisher. Philadelphia Jewish Warheit 
 
 Achilla P. Falaugo, Publisher. II Bastone, Italian newspaper 
 
 Monfoon Jung, Publisher. Clanese Republic News 
 
 E. M. Grella. Secretary. Jl Giornale Itfiliano, Italian newspaper 
 
 Peter Schmulker, Publisher. The Jewish Daily "Warheit 
 
 Ivan Kresi6, Publisher and Editor. Novi Hrvat, Croatian newspaper 
 
 M. Sisca, Publisher. La Follla di Nevv York, Italian newspaper 
 
 L. E. Meller, Publisher. Jewish Leader 
 
 Antonio Pisani, Publisher. Le Forche Caudine, Italian newspaper 
 
 D. Koutsoukalis, Publisher. TI'Nikh, Greek newspaper 
 
 A. V. Crocco, Publisher. II Progresso Italo- Americano, Italian newspaper 
 Adolph Held, Publisher. Jewish Daily Forward 
 ^"incenzo Terracciano, Publisher. La Forbice, Italian newiS^paper 
 P. Acelrad, Publisher. Ste.au a Noastra, Roumanian newspaper 
 A. Bartolini, Publisher. L'Era Nova ITmoristica, Italian newspaper 
 Kung Y. Sang Editor. Chinese Reform News 
 
 Michael M. Barta, Editor and Publisher. Lorain Es Videke, Hungarian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Louis V. Szyperski, Publisher. Kuryer Katolicki, Polish newspaper 
 Pietro Jacnvini, Publisher. II M.attino Italian newspaper 
 A. Milukas, Publisher. Zvaigzde, Lithuanian newspaper 
 John R. Palandech, Publisher, .Jugoslavia, Servian newspaper 
 August Stieber, Manager. Dzienriik Polski, Polish newspaper 
 Alexander Zambory, Editor and Publisher. Fuggetlenseg, Hungarian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Rev. Joseph Hanuya, Editor, Rusin, Ruthenian newspaper 
 
 E. Falcidia, Publisher. II Telegrafo, Italian newspaper 
 
 Charles R. H.osengutisc, President. Osterns Veckoblad, Swedish newspaper 
 D. Alter, Publisher. Jewish Criterion, Jewish -Englesh newspaper 
 A. Rode, Secretary. Golos Truda, Russian newspaper 
 
 Nat. H. Strauss, Business Manager. Pennsylvanski Gornik, Polish news- 
 paper. 
 
 Eugene Hwozdyk, Editor & Publishei-. Hirnyk, Ruthenian newspaper 
 Peprtone & Poner, Publishers. Risveglio Coloniale, Italian newspaper 
 Alexander J. Piekutowski. Editor. Kronika, Polish newspaper 
 Stephen Gyongyosy, Publisher. Magyar Vilag, Hungarian newspaper 
 J. E. Chudatsik, President. Lodovy Dennik, Slovak newspaper 
 John J. Bare. Manager. Uekord Codzienny, Polish newspaper 
 Axel. Rosenlund, Manager. Skandinavia, Swedish newspaper 
 
572 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Michael Saggese, Secretary, r.a Tribuna, ftalian newspaper 
 
 Leavit & Rubenstein, Publishers. Boston Jewish Voice, Yiddish newspaper 
 
 .Tohr. F. Morgan, Manager. .bidnosC; Polish newspaper 
 
 Vilvio Liberatore. Publisher. L"Opinione del Popolo, Italian newspaper 
 
 John H. Urban, Publisher. Ainorican Slavonic Oazette, Slovak newspaper 
 
 Joseph Baltru&aitis, Publisher. Djigeles, Lithuanian newspaper 
 
 N. A. Pacella, Publisl\er. La Stella D'PaHa. Italian newspaper 
 
 Jewish Record Co., Publi.sliers. Jewish Record, Jewish newspaper 
 
 A. C. Vieira, Publisher. O'Independente, Portuguese newspaper 
 
 Vincent Dmowski, Editor. Gornik Polski, Polish newspaper 
 
 A. S. Collini, Editor. I] Minatore, Italian newspaper , 
 
 C. E. Lindstone, Publisner. Skandia, Swedish newspaper 
 
 John H. Urban, Publisher. Amerikansko Slovensky Svet, Slovak newspaper 
 .T. Oskala, Publisher. Straz, Polish newspaper 
 
 D. Basile, Publisher. Araldo di Auburfc, Italian newspaper 
 M. PdrAvit, Publislicr. Gorniic, Polish newspaper 
 
 Flavio Pasella, Publisher. La Sardegna, Italian newspaper 
 Noe Hameley, Manager. Le Citoyen, French newspaper 
 A. A. Turlson, Publisher. Swea, Swedish newspaper 
 
 E. Lo Presti, Publisher. La Tribuna del Popolo, Italian newspaper 
 
 A. Weidenthal, Pubiislier. Jewish Independent, Jewish -English newspaper 
 
 A. Capecelatro, Editor & Manager. II Pensiero Italiano, Italian newspaper 
 
 A. Antell, Publisher. Pinska Arnerikanaren, Swedish newspaper 
 
 Rev. Thomas Terlizzi, Publisher. Bollettino Parrocchiale, Italian newspaper 
 
 W. L. Bourquet, Manager. L'Opinion Publique French newspaper 
 
 Frank Ruszkiewicz, Publisher. Dziennik dia Wszystkich, Polish newspaper 
 
 Angelo Scarpa, Publisher. La Luce, Italian newspaper 
 
 Charles J. Urban; Publisher. Unista, Polish newspaper 
 
 F. Rosin & William Shubin, Editors. Strahdneeks, Lettish newspaper 
 James V. Domarunna, Publisher. Gazzetta del Massachusetts, Italian news- 
 paper. 
 
 D. Diacoumopoulos, Publisher. Demorxios, Greek newspaper 
 Cornelius Paelstra, Publisher. De Teiegraaf, Hollandish newspaper 
 A. Lewandowski & Bro., Publishers, Gazeta Ludowa, Polish newspaper 
 Italo- American Pub. Co., Publishers. L'ltalo-Americano, Italian newspaper 
 Oscar E. Lindborn, Publisher. Svenska Veckobladet, Swedish newspaper 
 W. Pietkiewicz, Publisher. Tygodnik Gorniczy, Polish newspaper 
 Joseph Santella, Publisher. Corrieie del Connecticut, Italian newspaper 
 Matthew Fiitto, Manager. Pohjan Tahti, Finnish newspaper. 
 Petor Kiryluk, Publisher. New Life, Ruthenian newspaper 
 Luigi Finocchiaro, Publisher & Editor. Ma-Chi.E, Italian newspaper 
 John J. Apdan, Publisher, Norodna Wola, Ruthenian newspaper 
 D. Alter, Publisher. Jewish C)iterion, Jewish -English newspaper 
 R. Canudo, Publisher. Sicilia, Italian newspaper 
 
 Rev. Ernest Porzsolt, Publishei-. Johnstowni Hirado, Hungarian newspaper 
 S. A. Dangel, Publisher. The Nationalist, Polish newspaper 
 Gerai'do Balzano, Publisher; La Stampa, Italian newspaper 
 A. A. Haddad, Publisher. As — Sayeh, Arabic nwespaper 
 S. Di Leo. Publisher. II Spazzino, Italian newspaper 
 Theodore Pischok, Publisher. Svit. Russian newspaper 
 John J. Rougetti, Publisher, La Verita, Italian-English newspaper 
 Weg-weiser Publishing Co., Publishers, Der Wegweiser, Yiddish newspaper 
 M. Mancelliere, PubJi.sher, La Trinacria, Italian newspaper 
 Alexander Gondos, Publisher, Bridgeport Hungarian newspaper 
 A. M. Liebling, Publisher, Jewish Progress, Jewish newspaper 
 S. F. Noton, Publisher. 11 Frustino, Italian newspaper 
 
 Morris Seskind, Manager iSir Editor. Jewisii Labor World. Jewish newspaper 
 L. J. Tupy, Publisher. Slavic. Bohemian newspar>er 
 C. G. Petherson, Treasurer, Missions Wanneai. Swedish newspaper 
 Alexander von Dessenffy, Publisher. Otthon Hungarian newspaper 
 H. Durante. Publislier, L'ltalia, Italian new.sppaer 
 Louis S. Berlin, Publisher. The Sentinel, .fewish -English newspaper 
 O. G. Melaragno, Publisher, La Voce del Popolo Italiano, Italian newspaper 
 Dr. A. Pessenlehner, Managing Editor. Magyarok Vasarnapja, Hungarian 
 newspaper. 
 
 J. E. Chudatsik, Pre.«ident. Katolicke Slovenksy Noviny. Slovak newspaper. 
 Abraham M. Liebling, Publisher. Jewish Daily Press. Yiddish newspaper 
 P. Swickos, Publisher. Draugas jjithuanian newspaper 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 573 
 
 John R. Palandech. Publisher. United Servian. Servian newspaper 
 Harry A. Pilsky, General Manager. Daily .Jewish Courier, Yiddish newspaepr 
 Andi-ew F. Dueg, Publisher. De Detroitenaar, Flemish newspaper 
 Julius Fodor, Publisher. Magyar Ujsag. Hungarian newspaper 
 J. Carman, Publisher. Lekarz Domowy. Polish newspaper 
 
 E. A. M. Dahn. Secretary, T)e Hollandsche Amerikaan, Hollandish news- 
 paper. 
 
 J. E. Chudalsik, President Slovensko .-imericky Dennik, Slovak newspaper 
 John J. Bare. Manager, Polonia, Polish newspaper 
 John R. Palandech. Publisher. Balkan World. Servian newspaper 
 W. Fren, Editor. Polonia Na Ws'jhodzie, Polish newspaper 
 Giuseppe Farinasci. Publisher. La Capital.?, Italian newspaper 
 E. A. Buonpone, Publislier. II Cittadino Italo -Americano, Italian newspaper 
 Victor Alski. General Manager. Haslo J^olski, Polish newspaper 
 
 Sylvester Tamburella. Publisher. II Corriere dell'Ohio, Italian newspaper 
 T. Potchynok. Manager. Robitnyk, Ruthenian newspaper 
 M. Berghege, Manager. De Cahinist. Hollandish -English newspaper 
 M. Spitz, Publisher. Jewish Voice, Jewish-Engli.'=!li newspaper 
 E. Lo Presti, Publisher. II Messaggero d'Worrester, Italian newspaper. 
 Leo Wise, Publisher. American Israelite. Jewish -English newspaper 
 N. M. Diab. Publisher. Dailj^ Mirror, Syrian newspaper 
 John Cottone, Editor. II Penslero, Italian newspaper 
 Henry Goeringsen, J^ublisher. De Hope. Hollandish newspaper 
 C. A. Brandes Publisher. Jewish 13aily Press, Jewish newspaper 
 J. Asenko, Publisher. Dziennik Ludowj'. Polish newspaper 
 C. Anderson, Manager. Chicago Bladet, Swedish newspaper 
 J. Asenko. Publislier. Bicz Eoz?/, Polish newspaper 
 C. A. Pettkoski, Publisher. Telegraf. Polish newspaper 
 W. Haven, Manager. National Slovak Daily, Slovak newspaper 
 Luigi Caroburi. Publirher. Il Figaro Italiano Italian newspaper 
 Ernest Valentine, Publisher. International Music and Drama, Italian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Joe Conforto. Editor and Publisher. La Trlbuna. Italian newspaper 
 A. D. Domenica, Editor and Publisher. II Cristiano. Italian newspaper 
 A. A. Lind, Editor and Publisher. Superior Posten, wedish newspaper 
 Frank M, Delatch. Editor and Publisher. Narodni Vestnik, Slovenian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Adbert L. King. Publisher. Skordemannen, Swedish newspaper 
 J. P. Deo, Editor and Publisher. L'Osservatore, Italian newspaper 
 M. J. Kokkohen. Publisher. Paivalehti, Finnish newspaper. 
 N. P. Olson. Editor and Publisher. Svenska Roman Bladet, Swedish news- 
 paper. 
 
 Edi. Sulo, Editor. Scsialisti. Finnish nev/spaper 
 
 N. Fr. Hansen, Publisher. Rvinan och Hemmet, Swedish newspaper. 
 Louis Fadanelli, Editor and Publisher. Corriere del Popolo, lalian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Nelson T. Thorson. Editor and Publisher. Omaha Posten, Swedish newspaper. 
 M. F. Brzezicki, Publisher. Polak W. .4meryce, Polish newspap-sr 
 L. C. Lunn. Editor and Publisher. Vaegtarcli, Danish newspaper. 
 H. Pr. Hansen. Publisher. Kvinden og Hjemmet, Norwegian newspaper. 
 George A. Pettersen, Publisher. Superior Tidende, Norwegian newspaper. 
 Tonyde Haas. Publisher. De Vriie Hollander, Dutch newspaper. 
 T. E. Vodickar. Editor. Ceska Zena, Bohemian newspaper. 
 Vasil Stephanoff Editor and Publisher. Naroden Glas, Bulgarian newspaper. 
 Theodore Kaleef, Editor. Svoboda, Bulgarian newspaper. 
 Joseph Corti, Publisher. La Parola dei Socialisi. Italian newspaper. 
 Vincent Budrovich, Editor and Publisher. Hrvatski Narod, Croatian news- 
 paper. 
 
 Martin V. Konda. Editor and Pablisher. Glas Svobode, Slovenian newspaper. 
 
 A. Wielowiejski. Editor and Publisher. .Jutrzenka, Polish newspaper. 
 
 G. Eogdany, Editor. Kis Magyarorszak, Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 1'. M. Schoenen. Editor .and Publisher. II Pensiero, Italian newspaper. 
 
 lienry Greenfield, Publisher. East and West, English-.Jewisii newspaper. 
 
 Evangelisten. Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 George C. Rutis, Publisher. Radnicka Straza. Croatian nev/sj.aper. 
 
 Sztandard Polski. Polish newspaper. 
 
 T. E. Vodickar, Editor. Hlas, Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 Auttaja. Finni.sh newspaper. 
 
574 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 A. O, Muribelii. Editor and Publisher. Minatore Italiano, Italian newspaper. 
 
 M. J. Kokkonen. Publigher. Silrtolainen. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 C. J. JLarson. Editor and Publisher. Minnesota State Tidning, Swedish news- 
 paper. 
 
 M. Latro, Publisher. The Patrie, Creek newspaper. 
 
 Ch. Damasius. Editor and Publisher. Saloniki. Greek newspaper. 
 
 Claudet Dunlap, Publisher, t^venska Posten, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Isador S. Horwitz. Editor and Publisher. Milwauker Wochenblat. Jewish 
 newspaper. 
 
 .lehiel D. Liebling-, Editor and Publisher. Chicago Jewish Times. 
 
 Dr. Daz Novak, Editor and Publisher. Sipy. Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 H. Marpolies, Editor and Publiaher. The Jewish "World. 
 
 t;wan J. Turnblad, Editor and Publisher. Svenska Amerikanska Posten. 
 Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Alessandro Mastro Valeric. Edttor. La Tribuna Italiana, Italian newspaper. 
 
 f-'tanley P. Tananevicz, Ed. an.d Publisher. Katalikas. Lithuanian newspaper. 
 
 J. Woraalla. Editor and Publiiiher. Gwiazda Polarna, Polish newspaper 
 
 K. Gugris. Publisher. iS^aujienos. Lithuanian newspaper. 
 
 W. P>. Wingein, Editor. Nya Weckc Posten, Sw^edish newspaper. 
 
 Joseph A. Trojan. Editor and Publisher. Nove Smery. Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 Erik Dahlhiolm, Editor, Veckobladet. Swedish newspaper. 
 
 James J. Van Pernis, Editor. De Neuwe Courant. Hollandish newspaper. 
 
 Louis Novak, Publisher, St. Louiske Ijisty. Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 V. Giuliano. Editor and Publisher. La Tribuna Italiano a'.Vraerica. Italian 
 newspaper. 
 
 J. F. Strass, Editor and Publisher. Fremad, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 F. A. Emenson. Editor and Publisher. Iron County News, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Koloman Kaldor, Editor and Publisher. St Louis Es Videke, Hungarian 
 newspaper. 
 
 A. Langeland. Publisher. Onze Toeoomst. Hollandish newsppaer. 
 
 George Kemeny. Editor and Publisher. Dongo, Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 Heyrmar Kuypers, Editor and Publisher. De Volksstem, Hollandish news- 
 paper. 
 
 Philip Gadink. Publisher, Glasilo, Slovenian newsppaer. 
 
 Andrew G. Johnson. Ediotr and Publisher. Svenska Folkete Tidning, Swedish 
 liewspaper. 
 
 N. Eripodi, Editor and Publisher. La Stella, Italian newspaper. 
 
 E. L. Mengshod, Editor and Publisher. Gaa Paa. Norwegian newspaper. 
 J. N. Zazzara. Editor and Publisher. I-Tew Guide, Italian newspaper. 
 John Soukup, Publisher. Vlastenec. Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 S. H. "Worzalla, Editor and Publisher. F..olnik. Polish newspaper. 
 Emil Seamporrino, Editor. L'lntemcrato, Italian newspaper. 
 George H. Kaufman, Publisher. The J(;wish Journal 
 Rev. R. Klafkowski. Editor. Ognisko Domowe, Polish newspaper. 
 
 F. Hurop. Editor and Publisher, Social -Demokraten. Danish newspaper. 
 Tarcai Luje, Publisher. Vilagossag. Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 J. G. Geguzis, Publisher, Keleivis, Lithuanina newspaper. 
 Alexander Gumberg, Publisher. No^^-- Mir. Russian newspaper. 
 J. A. Adams, Editor and Publisher. Ill Corriere. Italian newspaper. 
 Publisher, La Voce del Popolo, Italian newspaper, Detroit, Mich. 
 .Toseph B. Polonsky, Editor. Russian Life. 
 
 Prof. John De lori, Editor. Scintilla Elettrica, Italian new^spaper. 
 Francu Roman. Publisher. Desteaptate Romane, Roumanian newspaper. 
 John Matlocha, Editor. Rovnost Ludu. Slovak newspaper 
 
 0. N Verenius, Publisher. Svenska Monitoren, Swedish newspaper. 
 P. S. Lambros, Publisher. The Greek Star. Greek newspaper. 
 
 H. H. D. Langereis. Publisher. Holland Farmer, Hollandish newspaper. 
 Gust. Beigquist. Manager. Svenska Amerikanska Tribunen, Swedish news- 
 paper. 
 Rev. R. L. Haan, Publisher. De Boodschapper, Hollandish newspaper. 
 A. Khouri & E. Yazdak, Publishers. Fatat Boston. Syrian newspaper. 
 Felix Nylund, Publisher. Uusi Kotimaa, Finnish newspaper. 
 H. H. D. Langereis. Publisher. De Huis\Tiend, Hollandish newspaper. 
 Joseph Cesaick. Manager. Glasnik, Slovenian newspaper. 
 T. H. Uusaker, Manager. Fram. Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 1. HaiAuch, Manager. Zorza, Polish newspaper. 
 
 Oust. SJ5igquist, Manager. Duluth Posten, Sv^edish newspaper. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 575 
 
 Hyman Liderman. Publisher. Daily Jewish Call, Jewish newspaper. 
 
 F. ij. .Macha. Editor. Drubezniclce Noviny. Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 Marco A. Russo, Editor. L'Alba, Italian newspaper. 
 
 H. P. Oggel & Son, Publishers. De Volksvriend, Hollandish newspaper. 
 
 D. Moldovan, Publisher. Romanul, Roumanian newspaper. 
 
 Joseph L. Van Ijanoker. Manager. Gazzette von Moline. Flemish newspaper. 
 
 Rev. Caesar Tomaszewski. Publisher. "Wielkopolanin, Polish newspaper. 
 
 W. Ayer, Editor and Manager. Reform, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 H. H. D. Langereis, Publisher. Ket Ideaal, Hollandish newspaper. 
 
 Arpad Tarnocy, Publisher. Akron i Hirlap. Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 Edward Caffaro. Publisher. II l^avaratore Italiano, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Henry Bengtson. Editor. Svenska Sooialisten, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Henry Morris. Publisher. Volkswaechter, Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 Philip M. Ksycki, Publisher. Echo Niedzielne. Polish newspaper. 
 
 Gt. Hag'en, Publisher. Vesterheimen, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 B. T. Tarkanyi, Publisher. Pgh Hungarian Herald, Plungarian newspaper. 
 H. F. Johnson & Co.. Publishers. Pelias Weekblad, Hollandish newspaper. 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Laimen Sanomia. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 C. S. Papa, Publisher. La Tribuna Ttaliana, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Goldberg- & Ruppin, Publishers. Texas Jewish Herald, English-Jewish news- 
 paper. 
 
 J. E. Perrier. Business Manager. lie Lynnois, French newspaper. 
 
 M. Kangas. Publisher. Aura, Finnish new-spaper. 
 
 Dr. Paola Parin, Publisheor. Tl Movimento. Italian newspaper. 
 
 D. Schram, Publisher. De Standaard, Hollandish newspaper. 
 Gust. Palk, Publisher. Moline Tribun. Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Joseph & R. A. Nicolais, Publishers. La Lega Italiana. Italian newspaper. 
 
 Rev. S. Byuzynskyi. Publisher. Sojuz. Ruthenian newspaper. 
 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Amerikan Suometar, Finnish newspaper. 
 
 Leon Kamaik5, Publisher. Jewish Daily News 
 
 N. N. Ronning. Manager. Ungdomens Ven, Norw^egian newspaper.. 
 
 Sarasohn & Sons. Jewish Gazette. 
 
 E. Severin. Manager. Texas Posten, Swedish newspaper. 
 J. Worzallas' Sons, Publishers. Rolnik. Polish newspaper. 
 M. Strizzi, Managing Editor. II Sole, Italian newspaper. 
 
 T. C. Kastmas &, Emil J. Bonde, Publishers. Svansk-Amerikanska Familj 
 Journalen, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Frank Mancini. Publisher. II Risveglio, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Z. Stefanowicz. Publisher. Nowiny Aexaskie. Polish newspaper. 
 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Lasten Lehti, Finnish newspaper. 
 
 Ralph Ludovici, Publisher. La Srella del Texas, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Victor Cruz, J'ublisher. El Correo Mexicano, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 M. Jachetta. Pubiisher. H Vindice. Italian newspaper. 
 
 N. N. Roninve. Publisher. Kvindens Ma.gasin, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 Garcia & Maestas, Publishers. El Faro, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 Giuseppe Mapelli, Publisher. La Capiiale, Italian newspaper. 
 
 B. Downorowicz, Editor and Publi.sher. Gazeta Handlowa. Polish newspaper. 
 
 C. P. Lanza, Publisher. II Pro.gresso. del New England, Italian newspaper. 
 L. Stefano. Manag-er. Hrvatska, Croatian newspaper 
 
 Jose De La Campa Gonzales, Publisher. Heraldo Dominical, Spanish news- 
 paptr. 
 
 A. Vierti, Publi.sher. L'Xtalo--Ainericano. Italian newspaper. 
 
 Jewish Publishing Co., Publishers. True Voice, Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 A. C. Torres, Editor. El Defensor del Pueblo. Spanish newspaper. 
 
 Leo Wise & Co., Publishers. Chicago Israelite, Jev/ish -English newspaper. 
 
 Louis Albi, Publisher. Ii Roma Ttaliaii newspaper. 
 
 N. F. Galleyo, Publisher. El Fenix. Spanish nev/spaper. 
 
 P. O. Thorson, Fubli.qher. Normanden. Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 "William J. Solomon, Publisher. Hebrew Standa.rd. 
 
 Joseph Novak, Publisher. An.ericky Obean, Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 Louis E. Annijo. Publisher. El Independiente, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 Felix Lepore. Publisher. La Na:done, Italian newspaper. 
 
 A. C. Miera. Publisher. La Union del Pueblo, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 Bias Fraucha, Publicher. El Combate, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 Bias Fraucha, Publisher. Wa-on Mound Pantagraph, Spanish -Englesh news- 
 paper. 
 
 A. C. Bertolini, Publi.sher. II Corriere Italiano, Italian newspaper. 
 
576 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Otto Rydman. Publishe.r ntah-Korrespondenten, Swedish newspaper. 
 William Milano, Publisher. La Gazzeita, Italian newspaper. 
 Starados Zabor, Editor & Publisher. Elore, Hunerarian newspaper. 
 John Matlocha, Editor. Rovnost lAidu. Slovak newspaper. 
 O. N. Verenius, Publisher. Svenska Monitoren. Swedish newspaper. 
 P. S. Lambros. Publisher. The Greek Star. Greiek newspaper. 
 H. M. D. Langereis, Publislier. Holland Farmer. Hollandish newspaper. 
 Gust. Beigquist, Manager. Sven.=;ka Amerikanpka Tribunen, Swedish news- 
 paper. 
 
 Rev. R. L. Haan, Publisher. De Boodschapper. Hollandish newspaper. 
 
 A. Khouri & E. Yazbak. Publishers. Fatat Boston. Syrian newspaper. 
 Felix Nyland, Publisher. Uusi Kotimaaa. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 H. H. D. Langereis, Publisher. De HuisA'^riend. Hollandish newspaper, 
 
 •Joseph Cesaick, Manager. Glasnik. Slovenian newspaper. 
 
 I H. lUsaker, Mnaager. Fram. Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 T. Haduch, Manager. Zorza. Polish newspaper. 
 
 Gust. Beigquist, Manager. Duluth Posten, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Hymen Liderman, Publisher. Daily Jewish Call. Jewish newspaper. 
 
 F. E. Macha. Editor. .T>rubeznicke Noviny, Bohemian newspaper. 
 
 iMarco A. K.isso, Editor. L.'AlV).n. Italian newspaper. 
 
 H. P. Op-jfel i Son, Publishers. De Volksvriend, Ht.ll:i id.^n nowspapc!. 
 
 D. Moldovan, Publisher. Komanul. l^oumanian newspaper. 
 
 Joseph Li. Van Lancker, Manager. Gaz-i^ette von Moline. Flemish newspaper. 
 
 Rev. Caesar Tomaszewski, Publlsh.er. Wielkopolanin. Polish newspaper. 
 
 W. Ayer, Editor & Manager. Reform, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 H. H. D. Langereis. Publisher. Het Ideaal. Hollandi.sh newspaper. 
 
 Arpad Tarnocy, Publisher. Akroni Hirlap. Hungarian newspaper. 
 
 Edward Caffaro, Publisher. 11 Lavoratore Italiano. Italian newspaper. 
 
 Henry Bengtson, Editor. Svei'ska Socialisten, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Henry Morris, Publisher. V'olk.sv.'aechter. Yiddish newspaper. 
 
 Philip M. Ksycki, Publisher. Echo Niedzielne. Polish newspaper. 
 
 Gt. Hagen, Publisher. Vesterheimer.. Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 B. T. Tarkanyi, Publisher. Pgh Hugarian Herald, Hungarian newspaper. 
 H. P. Johnson & Co., Fublislierp. Laimen Saonmia. Finnish newspaper. 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Laimen Sa.nomia, Finnish newspaper 
 
 C. S. Papa, Pubbshen La Tribuna Italiana. Italian newspaper. 
 
 Goldberg & Fatppin, Publishers. Texas Jewisii Herald. English -Jewish news- 
 paper. 
 
 .T. E. Perrier, Business Manager. Le Lynnois, Prennli newspaper. 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Aura. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 D. Paolo Parin, Publisher. II Movimento, Italian newspaper. 
 
 D. Schram, Publisher. De S'.andaard. Hollandish newspaper. 
 Gust. Falk. Publisher. Moline Tribun, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 •Joseph & R. A. Nicolais, Publishers. La Lega Italiana. Italian newspaper. 
 
 Rev. S. Byczynskyi, Publisher. Sojuz. Ruthani.an new^spaper. 
 
 M. Kangas, Publisher. Anierikan Suometar. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 Leon Kamaiky, Publisher. Jov.'ish Daily News. 
 
 N. N. Ronning, Manager. Ungdcmens Yen, Norwegian newspaper. 
 
 Sarasohn & Sons. Jewish Gazette. 
 
 E. Severin. Manager. Texas Posen, Swedish neAVspapsr. 
 J. Worzallas* Sons. Publishers. Rolnik, Polish newspaper. 
 M. Strizzi. Managin.g Edior. 11 Sole, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Y. C. Kastmas & Emil .J. Bonde, Publishers. Svensk-Amerikanska Familj 
 Journalen, Swedish newspaper. 
 
 Frank Mancini, Publisher. I! Risveglio, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Z. Stefanowicz. Publisher. Nowiny Texaskie, Polish newspaper. 
 
 M. Kangas. Publisher. Lasten Lehti. Finnish newspaper. 
 
 Ralph Ludovici, Publisher. La Stella del Texas, Italian newspaper. 
 
 Victor Cruz, Publisher. El Correo Mexicano, Spanish newspaper. 
 
 M. Jachetta, Publislier. II Vindice. Italian newspaper. 
 
 N. N. Roninve, Publisher. Kvindens Magasin. Norwegian newspaper 
 
 Garcia & Maestas. Publishers. El Faro, Spanish newspaper 
 
 Giuseppe Mapelli, Publisher. La Capitale, Italian newspaper 
 
 B. Downorowicz. Editor &: Publisher. Oazeta Handlowa, Polish newspaper. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 577 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are j'-ou acquainted with David Lamar? 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTJMPJS. Are you acquainted with Jeremiah O'Leary? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I ne\'ier saw him in my life. I saw him 
 mentioned in the newspapers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with the Labor's Peace 
 Council ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never known it existed until I saw it m 
 the newsipapers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You knew that the propaganda they were cai- 
 rying on -was included in this appeal, did you not? 
 Mr HAMMERLING. I did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your purpose was to prevent the manufacture of 
 munitions, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I had nothing to do with it. 
 Maj. HUMES. But you wrote this advertisement, or helped to 
 uTite it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T was there with them, but I had nothing 
 else to do with it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know Henry Martin? 
 Mr HAMMERIilNG. Never heard of him. Where is he from? 
 Capt. TiESTER. Associated with Lamar 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never heard of him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, Mr. Hamraerling, in the American Leader — 
 what contract did you have with the other writers besides Andreae 
 for the articles that appeared in the Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We just had three paid contributors. 
 Maj. HUMES. Who were they? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Charles Nagel, Secretary of Commerce and 
 Labor, Ira Bennett, of Washington, and L. B. Namier. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was George Creel one of your contributors? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never. 
 Maj. HUMES. I notice an article by him. 
 
 Mr.' HAMMERLING. I am not acquainted with it. It may have 
 been put in in my absence. I would have sworn that I never saw it. 
 Are you sure it is there? 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have not seen it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with George Sylvester Vie- 
 reck ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have only seen his name in the paper. 
 Maj. HUMES Have you ever had any business transactions with 
 him of any kind? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have never seen outside of the papers. 
 Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You are familiar with the periodical the Father- 
 land, are you not? 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. Of what I saw in the papers. I have noi 
 read it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It is a German periodical? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is what I understand. 
 Maj. HTJMEiS. Do you not know it was English? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I never saw it. 
 
 Ssnator NELSOM. You have never seen the Fatherland in New 
 York Citv? 
 Mr HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
578 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Senator NELSON. You must be blind a part of the day. 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLTNG. I may be. I think I have enough papers 
 to see without the Fatherland. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you never had any business transactions with 
 it at all? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. Did you have any arrangement Avith Viereck by 
 which he was to republish any articles in the Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMlVfERLING. I did not, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES, f call your attention to the issue of the Fatherland 
 of May 5, 1915, and shov;^ you an article to discourage the traffic in 
 arms and munitions, by Hon. Charles Nagel, ex-Secretary of Com- 
 merce and Labor, and ask you what agreement you had — what ar- 
 rangement you made — for the publication? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Myself— no, sir. Right here is the state- 
 ment "Everything contained in this is not copyrighted and can be 
 republished by anybody." It does not need any arrangement at 
 all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I call your attention to the statement that the 
 article is published by. the courtesy of the American Leader. That 
 is the heading under which it is printed. 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Mr. Nagel may have printed it. We did 
 not iprint it. 
 
 Maj. HLTVLES. But they were reprinted in the Fatherland — the 
 articles that appeared in the American Leader. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know, sir. 
 
 Senator 0"V'BRMAN. If there is a general consent to republish 
 articles from the Leader, that statement is umnecessary, that it is 
 published by the courteisy of the Leader. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Many publications republish like we do 
 from others, and from us. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did publish, and paid a contributing editui- 
 to write in the spring of 1915 in the Leader about the time this ap- 
 peal wa^s put out, an article advocating the same things as this adver- 
 tisement was advocating, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Major, Mr. Nagel, when he agreed to act 
 as our contributor, was understood fully at the time as an ex-member 
 of the cabinet of the United States, that we would not interfere with 
 what he AAT:'ote, and we never did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And was he confined to any particular subject? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir ; absolutely not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you always publish everything that the con- 
 tributing editor sent in to you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To the best of my knowledge, yes; the ones 
 we paid for. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES. I call your attention to the American Leader of 
 November 22, to an article by Nagel on the traffic in arms and mu- 
 nitions. Does not that article carry the same sentiment that is em- 
 braced in the ''Appeal to the American People"? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have not seen it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you not read the American Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAJMMERLTNG. I do, but I do not remember every week 
 nor every article. Mr. Nagel, I think, should take the responsibility, 
 beeause of thf arrangement we had with him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How much did you pay him? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 579 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. $125 an article. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And how frequently did his articles appear? 
 
 Mr. HAMMBRLING-. Pretty nearly every issue. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your mtigSLzme is a weekly? 
 
 Mr. H_AMMEELIN(1. Semimonthly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And he got $125 cash for each article? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSO'N. Did John Koren contribute any articles? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember now. I do not think so, 
 Senator, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Does it strike you that there is anything peculiar 
 about the fact that this article appears in the American Leader in 
 April and the same article appears in the Fatherland at the same 
 time that thiis appeal goes out to the American people ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I never suspected. I thought Mr. Nagei 
 was an American, as honest as any that I know of in the United 
 States, so his articlevs when he sent them in were printed, to the best 
 of my knov^ledge. Of course Mr. Caldwell had charge of that de- 
 partment most of the time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with Stephen Brosevich? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never heard of him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He was formerly managing editor or something 
 on Mr. Zotti's paper. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERMNG. There are so many of those fello'ws, I do 
 not remember him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You do not remember him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING I do not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that Mr. Brosevich came to Wash- 
 ington and had a conference -with Dr. Dumba, the Austrian repre- 
 sentative, and came back to you with a letter of introduction or 
 something from Dumlba, and that you had him start a paper by in- 
 vesting $500? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If it can be produced then 
 
 Maj. HUMES (intenposing). Just answer the question. 
 
 Mr. HiVMIMERLING. False; I want never to leave Washington, 
 if that is true. This is going a little too far I think it is terrible 
 that such blackmailing be admitted in this high body — the highest 
 legislative body on earth — that such a crime could be produced. 1 
 want only the facts on this thing. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Just answer the question without remarks. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I ^kno-y, but it puts my life out of me that 
 such things should be said. 
 
 Maj. HUMES- Do you remember on one occasion when you 
 bundled up four bunches of papers and sent them up to your house 
 to be burned f 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Ahsolutely false. Can I answer this 
 question ? 
 
 Maj. HUIVIES. Go ahead. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In 1918 we moved our office from the 
 World Building to the Woolwnrth Building, and it takes a few car- 
 loads of stuff to clean out our place twice a year. It takes about two 
 carloads to clean out the papers. But when we moved our records 
 like orders that we receiA^ed from clients and things, we had pre- 
 viously had one of our employees steal some of our records, so that 
 instead of leaving them in the World Building to bum up, as the 
 
580 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 superiuteiident said it was against the iTiles of building to do so, the 
 manager of the Mansfield, where I lived, said that we could take 
 them there and bnrn them up. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that Avhen these papers Avere taken 
 to j^our house to be destroyed you discovered that the house was 
 being heated other than by a furnace and that it was imipossible to 
 burn them, and you saidyou vroidd take care of them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I do not know anything about that. The 
 building is still standing there, and the manager would be glad to 
 tell you if he remembers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1915 and 1916 did you not have a good deal of 
 correspondence Avith a man named Heinrich, of Philadelphia? • 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What became of that correspondence? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I think it is there. 
 
 Maj. IILTMES. In 1915? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. If 1915, it is not there. "We keep only one 
 year's papers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. We subpoenaed the correspondence with brewers 
 or anyone in connection v/ith the propaganda. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. We have hundres of people that we deal 
 with, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where is the correnspondence you had with Paap? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. It must be in the office. I Avas not asked 
 to bring it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You Avcre asked to bring it. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. I did not understand so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Paap is a brcAver, is he not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTilNG. I think he Avas an advertising manager of 
 some concern. T did not knoAV his business. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yoa did not knoAv his business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. He OAvns an interest in a brcAvery. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. We subpoenaed the correspondence you had had 
 Avith brewers, did we not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. Tt Avas not in Paap's name. I Avould be 
 glad to bring it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You also knoAv that he is president of the Penn- 
 sylvania *^tate l^rcAvers' Association, do yo not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. To-day, maybe. I did not knoAv it at that 
 time. I do not think he vas. T understood a man named Schmidt 
 was president. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Why did you insist on the Rumelj^ money being 
 paid in cash? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. I never did anything of the kind. He 
 handed me the money in cash. Nothing of the kind. If anybody 
 says so. it is false. 
 
 Maj. THTMES. Did it not strike yon as a rather peculiar thing 
 that $100,000 cash currency should be given you instead of a cheek, '^ 
 in the ordinary course of a man's business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. To tell you the truth, it did. T was so 
 glad to get the advertisement that the money looked better than 
 the check. 
 
 Maj. HUIVPES. What Avas the company that Rumely was presi- 
 dent of? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. The Rumely Co., a $30,000,000 corporation. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND G.ERMAN PROPAGANDA 58i 
 
 Maj. HIJMES. Did you not know at that time that the company 
 was in the hands of a receiver? 
 
 Mr. HA:MJVIEliLING. Yes; but he was such a big man I had no 
 reason to suspect. 
 
 Maj. PIUMES, What entry ol this transaction did you make on 
 your books? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Entry? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr, HAMMER-LING. I turned over the money to the treasurer, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you have it cliarged on your books? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. Cliarged to Rumely. 
 
 Maj. HL^MES. To Rumely personally? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Y^es, sir. 
 
 Maj. PIUMES. And what is your practice with reference to your 
 books; do you destroy them every year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEPJjTNG. Every year. I do not have anything to do 
 with that. It is the regular custom in New York business houses, 
 and es,pe<'ially advertising, to throw out the paper that they are 
 through v»'ith every year. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you destroy your ledger records? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We do not keep a ledger. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. So you even destroy your financial records and 
 all the records you have on the receipt and disbursement of money? 
 
 Mr. IL\MMERLING. The vouchers show this. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But it does show receipt of money. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. But we have a card, which I showed you. 
 Our system is accepted by accountants that it is all right. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was it not one of the stipulations that you had 
 with Rumely that the transaction was not to appear on the books? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false, if anyone made such a 
 statement. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever know a man by the name of 
 Horowitz, over in Scranton? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Wilkes-Barre ; Joseph Horowitz. He is 
 d.;ad 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What were your relations with him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMIi:RLING. Pie was a very high-grade man. I had a 
 great respect for him — if it is the same Horowitz. He was in the 
 foreign-exchange business. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. It is the same man. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You and he were very. close friends? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I liked him ; he was a very high-grade man, 
 ill my judgment. I understand he died two or three j^ears ago. . 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now tell us about the transaction betw^een you 
 and Mr. Houston when you made the donation of $5,000. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you will pardon me (referring to certain 
 papers) I want to recall the transactioai. I was asked some time 
 during the j-ear 1917 by Mr. Houston to serve on a commi-ttee of 17, 
 on the advertising board, and naturally I accepted. I was in Chi- 
 cago at the timie and came back and attended a meeting — a coiiipie 
 of meetings. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What Houston is this? 
 
 Mr HAIMMERLING. Herbert Houston, the partner of the ex- 
 Ambassador to England, Mr. Page, connected with World's Work. 
 
582 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 And while on this committee, as the gentlemien have no doubt read 
 the correspondence, you notice that I contributed only $5,000. I 
 heard that the thing was not as represented, and sent in and found 
 out through the Treasurj^ Department that this committee was not 
 a Government committee, that they had nothing to do with it, and 
 did not want to recognize it, for the reason that they wanted to get 
 money from the Government for paid advertisements. I understand 
 from Mr, Houston — the correspiondence corroborates my statement^ — 
 that it was not a Government institution and therefore I did not 
 have any right to contribute this money from my company — ^besides 
 the State laws of New York did not permit it — and I did it in hasie, 
 and I asked this money back. I finally turned the money back to 
 the company and Mr. Houston paid me back $4,200, and the balance 
 I finally contributed so as to get rid of it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The reason I am asking about this, Mr. Hammer- 
 ling, is that I want to clear the thing up. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We finally got the money back, and here 
 is what we spent it for. (Indicating.) We took a page in the New 
 York Times, the Sun, World, Tribnne, and Chicago — I do not re- 
 member whether it was in the Tribune or the Examiner — and the 
 Cleveland Plain DeaTei*, some name like that, eight of our papers, 
 and not only spent this money from the agency, but s,pent $3,200, to 
 show the American people what the foreign-language papers were 
 doing with the Liberty Loan. That is all 1 can answer on the Hous- 
 ton question, Major, unless you want to go into details. I wouia 
 have to look it over. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, Mr. Hammerling, I want to try to refresh 
 your recollection on two or three matters. Is it not a fact that you 
 first returned to Austria about 1893 ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1893? No, sir; it was not. 
 
 Maj. PHJMES. About 1893? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And did you not at that time seek the father of 
 the girl that you married, saying that you wanted to marry her so 
 that you could escape the draft in Austria? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Utterly false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And did you not then go into the Austrian Army? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. When I was taken in there, when 
 I was called, I was laid up with an abscess, and they put me in a 
 hospital and I went to the hospital ; never in the army. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. You were in the service for a while? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not a day. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You left on a furlough aaid came back while on a 
 furlough ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you were on a furlough when you were mar- 
 ried? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And did not the Austrian Government notify you 
 after some little time, after your furlough had expired? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. And I came right here. 
 
 Maj. HITMES (continuing). That if you did not appear you 
 would be prosecuted? 
 
 Mr. HAJMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 583 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You borroAved the money? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEllLING. 1 did. not have to borrow any money. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You had money at that time? 
 
 Mr. H.VM!^IEIILING. I had enough. I told you that I hired 
 myself out. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How old were you at that time? 
 
 Mr. HaMMERLING. Well, I was about 27. It was either in 
 1896 or 1897. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What are the ages oi! compulsory military service 
 in Austria? 
 
 Mr. HAliMEKLING. Between 21 and 23 at that time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then, if you were 26 or 27, how did they hapipen 
 to call you for military service? 
 
 Mr. H^iMMERLING. For the reason that when they want to 
 examine you, and you are sick, they may call you any time. It de- 
 pends on the condition of the regiment to which you are assigned. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went from your home to Bremen, Gennauy? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you were in Bremen you communicated 
 with your wife and told he*r hoiW she could find out where you had 
 gone? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And did you not leave word there that you had 
 gone to South America? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false. She knew as much 
 where South America was as T did where Jerusalem was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, is it not a fact that your wife came to this 
 country about ]897? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not have the year exactly, Major. 1 
 told you ^he came after I did. You just said 1897 or 1898. 
 
 Maj. HUMES- I am accepting your dates up to this time. I am 
 asking you about some other dates. Was it not in 1897 that your 
 wife came to this country and you found out that she was living in 
 Philadelphia, and did you not write to her from Honolulu ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did, yes, sir; and I came right here; but 
 I do not remember the year. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. She had been in Philadelphia about six months 
 when you notified her that you were in Honolulu? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Tes; and T came right away. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And about three months after that you came and 
 joined them in Phila,delDhia ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. ^ Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES. Did not j'our father-in-laAv send you the railroad 
 ticket from San Francisco to Philadelphia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you on friendly terms with your father-iu 
 law ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you on friendly terms with your brother-iu 
 law? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The worst blackmailer that ever lived. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your associates seem all to be blackmailers. 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. Yes; that is what some of them were. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How did you happen to be friendly with them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I was not. That is the misfortune. You 
 gentlemen do not know the kind of people that exist in this country. 
 
584 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 If you deal with 2,000 people, and you find 3 or 4 of that kind, it is 
 not so bad. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not, in 1904, tell your wife and her family 
 that you were there at Wilkes-Barre, and that you were going to 
 live with them in Philadelphia ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remembeir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Will you say you did or did not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not buy a house in Philadelphia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEULING. I did ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where was that house? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I bought two; one on Spruce Street and 
 one of them near the park. I do not remember the street, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you opened an office in Philadelphia, did 
 you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What was your business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not an office. I bought some interest in 
 a lubricating company. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In a lubricating company? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir." 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long did j'ou engage in this business? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I was there a year and a half or so, 
 but I was not running the business. I was interested. I was an 
 officer in the company. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. After engaging in the business in Philadelphia 
 for some time 
 
 Mr. HAJVIMERLING. I w^as still keeping my home in Wilkes- 
 Barre. 
 
 Maj HUMES. You maintained two homes? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. I always had only one home, Wilkes-Barre 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You were engaged in business in Philadelphia? 
 
 Mr. H4MMERLING. I was not; I was coming to Philadelphia 
 to sf e — I was interested in this lubricating company. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Then some short time afterward you went back 
 to Austria and Germany, did you not — or went to Europe, in other 
 words — ^about 1905? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I went to Europe the first time I could 
 after 1903, after the amnesty, as they would have taken me into the 
 army before. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You went to Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I could not go there without that paper 
 being (passed first. But I think I was in Italy and the other parts 
 of Europe before. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that before you ever went to Eu- 
 rope on that occasion, j'^our wife pointed out to you that you could 
 not go to Austria because you were a political offender, and did you 
 not say to her that you were not afraid and that you had your dis- 
 charge, and did you not pull it out of your pocket and show it to 
 her that timie? 
 
 Mr. H^\JV[MERLING. Absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you went back you went to Carlsbad, among 
 other plaees? 
 
 Mr. HAMlMERIdNG. I did, sir. This was in 1909 or 1910. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How long were you over there on that trip? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 585 
 
 Mr. PIAMMEHLING. About three months or three and a half 
 months. 
 
 Ma.j. HUMES. And when you came back you told your wife that 
 you wanted to sell out and go back to Austria — ^wanted to leave the 
 United States — did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. L do not remdmber. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Well, was that your sentiment when you came 
 back? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that the time you acquired this estate in 
 Austria ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLTNG. No, sir; in 1911. 
 
 Senator NELSON. May I ask a question there? How big is that 
 estate ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. About 600 acres. 
 
 Senator NFLSON. Have you got tenants running it for you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. I had had my own men running it. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You hired them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Had a manager there? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. This is all under cultivation? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. It was ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What is it worth? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, before the war they claimed it was 
 worth a couple of hundred thousand dollars. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you ever said that it was worth half a mil- 
 lion? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Never said that? 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES When you came back from Austria did you not 
 tell your wife that you had enough money to live for the rest of 
 your life, and that you had no love for this country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Absolutely false. Is this her statement. 
 Major? — ^pardon me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That does not make any difference, although it 
 does not happen to be. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. If it is my brother-in-law, you want to 
 look out and see what he is before you take him seriously. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He is a blackmailer, is he? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; one of the worst kind 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At that time, c(fter you came back you sent your 
 wife back to Austria, did you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. She went back for her vacation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you sold your house in Philadelphia at that 
 time, and you told her at that time that you wanted time to wind up 
 your business in this country, and then you Avould join her? • 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. That is absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did follow her, did you? You went over 
 shortly after that and stayed over there a little while and then came 
 back again? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. What year was that? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I do not know. That is what I am asking you 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. She went over there in 1911, when I bought 
 that place. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. When you bought her a place? 
 
586 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELIMG. When I bought her that farm; yes. 
 Maj. HUMES. She went over at that time? 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. After you bought a home in Broolklyn, did you 
 not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not after that; no. I bought a house in 
 Brooklyn before that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You lived there a couple of years after that, after 
 you and your wife came back from Austria, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not go to Austria. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went over after she went over? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; that was after I sold the house in 
 Brooklyn, 
 
 Maj. HUMES. After you both went to Austria, did you not live 
 in Brooklyn for a couple of years? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. After I came back? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "When did you live in Brooklyn for those coujple 
 of years? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think in 1909 and 1910. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that before your wife went to Austria? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. I know, according to when I sent 
 my boys. I sent the boys to school in England at the same time, 
 seven years ago. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Did you not send your wife to Austria twice, once 
 before you acquired this estate and then once after you acquired it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think .?ho went over a couple of times 
 with the children to a summer resort. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did yon not say to her that you would arrange 
 your business in this conntry so you could live in Austria and attend 
 to it from there? 
 ■ Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Attend to it here? 
 
 Mr. H.4MMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you say that you had authority to sign the 
 names of all these foreign newspapers, and that you have the record 
 of it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Every one of them, but outside of yourself 
 or any one you would designate, I would not leave them here. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I want you to find them and pnt them in order, 
 so that we can look at them. Have you got them in the order in 
 which the names appear? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I thinik so. 
 
 Maj. PIUMES. All right. "We will check them over when we get 
 leisure. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. I am willing to stay here all night if yon 
 want to, to tell every name, until every name is verified on this list 
 that I have there. Of course, I am appearing continuously, I thinfe 
 for six or eight months anyhov/. I could stay all night if you want 
 me to. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 5S ( 
 
 Senator 0\ ER.MAN. It is nearly 6 o'clock, and I think we Jiad 
 better adjourn until half past 10 to-morrow. How long will it tfike 
 you to finish with this witness" 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I do not think it will take a great while longer. 
 I would like to check over a great mass of stuff and see if it has 
 been covered. I do not think it will take very long to finish with 
 him in the morning. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Then we Avill adjourn until half-past 10 to- 
 morrow morning. 
 
 (Accordingly, at 5 o'clock and 50 minutes p. m., the committee 
 adjourned until Wednesday, December 4, 1918, at 10.30 a. m.) 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTEREST AND GERMAN 
 PROPAGANDA. 
 
 WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1918. 
 
 UNITED STATES SEN' ATE, 
 SUBCOMMITTEK ON THK JUDICIARY, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 The subcommittee met at 10.30 o'clock a. m. in room 226, Senate 
 Office Building, Senator Lee S. Overman presiding. 
 
 Present: Senators Overman (chairman), King, Wolcott, Sterling, 
 and Nelson. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You may proceed, Maj. Humes. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. LOUIS N. HAMMERLING—Resumed. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. With your permission may I correct a 
 statement ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling wants to correct a statement he 
 made yesterday. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I made a statement yesterday about when 
 1 found out that I was born in 1870 instead of 1874 ; and last night 
 I was thinking, and I found a card on which is written the date, the 
 card being dated June 9, 1917, about a year and a half ago. 
 
 Maj. irUMES. And the card you use to refresh your recollection 
 is of the military enrollment of the State of New York? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was made in June, 1917? ■ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you secure that information as to the date of 
 vour birth just at that time? 
 
 Mr. HIMMERLING. About that time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What called it to your attention at that particular 
 time ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The}^ told me that I should not maike an 
 affidavit. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who told you? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. My relatives told me not to make any affi- 
 davit. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Net to make any affidavit; and then when they 
 told you to make no affidavit, -s^hat investigation did you make as 
 to your correct age? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I went to my uncle and he told me that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You went to your uncle, and your uncle is your 
 authority for the statement that you were born in 1870 instead of 
 1874? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIJNG. Yes. 889 
 
590 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMEy. Then this investigation, resulting in making you 
 four years older than you thought you were, came about as the 
 result of a prospective military enrollment? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. J beg your pardon — for the reason that 
 my sister, who comes from the second mother of my father's mai-- 
 riage, is 45 years old, and she lives in New York and has 3 children. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But you made this investigation because of a 
 prospective military enrollment ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; they made me do it. They asked me 
 to do it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Your family made you do it? 
 
 Mr. HAiVrMERLING. Yes.*^ 
 
 Maj. HUMES You were not interested in it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You knew how old you were when you 
 came here, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; I did not. I was too young. 
 
 Senator 0^ ERMAN. You v;ere nine years old when you came 
 here? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING Yes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. And too young to know you were nine 
 years old? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In. our country, it is. We have no schools 
 nor any system of education nor anything. I never saw a school in 
 my life. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You have never been to school? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; never have been. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It was on the theory that you were born in 1874 
 that you sai'd you were 9 years old when you came to this country, 
 was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You must have been 13 or 14 years old, then, if 
 you were born in 1870, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; I do not know about that. I always 
 claim I was 9 years old w^hen I came. They would not let me work 
 in the mines. This could be verified. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Here is a paper which I will ask to have marked 
 "Exhibit 1140.'' Mr. Hammerling, I show you a photostat of a 
 letter signed by you, on the letterhead of the American Association 
 of Foreign Language Newspapers, and ask you if that is a letter 
 sent out by you. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Sent out by the association. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And signed by vou? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. This was a letter sent out in interest of the signa- 
 tures and support of the foreign-language press, in signing the 
 appeal. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Suport to what? What is that letter about? 
 
 Maj. PIUMES. It is a letter that he sent to the foreign-language 
 newspapers to get their consent to sign this appeal. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Are you gt)ing to make use of it? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I was going to offer it to be printed in the record. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You are not going to read it? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That depends on the desire of the committee. 
 
 Senator OA'ERMAN. I think you had better read it. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 591 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Very well, I will read tlie letter: 
 
 EXHIBIT No. 1140. 
 
 Telephone, Barclay 5592—5593. Chicago Office, People's Gas Building. Ameri- 
 can Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Woolworth Building. 
 
 NEW YORK, March 27th. 1915. 
 To the publishers. 
 
 MY DEAR SIR: Since Aug-iist 1st we have made a careful study of the serious 
 and world-wide affect of the dreadful conflict now going- on in Europe from 
 everj'- viewpoint and we have come to the conclusion that the 33,000.000 foreign 
 born residents and citizens of the United States, including those of foreign 
 parentage, are directly affected without exception as most of them have their 
 brothers, sisers, parents or relatives in the warring countries. This does not 
 mean that the American people and the American nation as a whole are not 
 gravely affected, but we are more closely linked with the wai-ring nations and 
 are feeling the effects more every day. 
 
 We believe that the plea of the widowed mothers, children and orphans of 
 Europe to us should cause us in turn to appeal to the American people, to 
 the American manufacturer of powder and shot and to the workmen engaged 
 in these plants devoted to ''he manufacture of ammunition of any description 
 to immediately cease manufacturing this powder, slarapnca and bullets destined 
 1o destroy our brothers, widow our sisters and mothers and orphan their 
 children. We believe this should cease no matter if the workmen lose 
 their positions as a consequence. Tiie patriotism of. the American people, the in- 
 tegrity of he American manufacturer and the iionor of the workman are such 
 that we must prove to the world that m.oney soaked with the blood of humani. 
 ty cannot imrchase tliem. 
 
 We, therefore, ask you in the name of humanity, justice and true spirit of 
 neutrality to do everything in your power, tlu-ough your newspaper, your so- 
 cieties, and your churches to bring about an end to the manufacture, sale and 
 shipping of ammunition of any kind or description to the warring countries 
 for the purpose of destroying and mutilating humanity. 
 
 We are preparing an appeal to tlic American peopb?. rianufacturers and 
 workmen in tl-.is connection and we are enclosing herewicli a lilank and ask 
 you to sign it and return to us in the enclosed stamped envelope on behalf of 
 your publication. This work has been undertaken in thD name of humanity, 
 a spirit of patriotism and is being supported by small contributions to cover 
 the expenses of the work. We, therefore, ask you to extend the influence of 
 your paper and join us in this laudable undertaking, and we hope that your 
 name will appear as one of the signers of the appeal we are preparing 
 and which is for the preservation of the lives and happiness of our brothers, 
 without regard to creed, color or nationality: they are all our brethren. 
 
 Very truly jours, 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION' OF FOREIGN 
 
 "LANGUACra NEWSPA.PEllS. Inc. 
 LOUIS HAMMERLING, President. 
 
 Now that is the communication that you sent to all of the foreign 
 language press of the country, is it? 
 
 Mr. HAIVIERI.ING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. KTJMES. As a result of your taJk with Dr. Rumelv? 
 
 Mr. HMTMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At the time >ou sent out this letter you knew that 
 this appeal was not being financed by small contributions 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. I did not know that, Major, if you will 
 pardon me. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Just wait until T finish my question. At the time 
 you sent out this letter you knew that it was not being supported 
 by small contributions that covered the expense of the work, did 
 you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not. "i 
 
592 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. You knew that the money was to come- from Dr. 
 Rumely, didn^t you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMKRLTNiGr. Tie said he got it from patriotic Americans. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Did yon not say yesterday that he said he 
 got it from rich friends? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEKLING. From patriotic 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Friends. * 
 
 Mr. IIAMMPJRLJNG. Friends, or Americans. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Did you not testify here yesterday that he 
 told you that they were wealthy people who were putting* up this 
 money ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. If I said it, I said it. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did you get any small contributions in re- 
 sponse to this letter? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We did not; no, sir. All the money we 
 got was from Dr. Rumely. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Is this T^hat you had published in your adver- 
 tising papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERING. The same thing. 
 
 Senator NEIiSON. All oiver? 
 
 Mr. IIAIVIERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. How many of these foreign newspapers 
 responded to that letter? 
 
 Mr. IIAMMERLTNG. 1 think- -I really don't know the number. 
 
 Senator, OVERMAN. What per cent? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. The majority. I don't knoAv how many. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES I think there "*vere over 400 whose names aptpear 
 on the appeal. 
 
 Senator NELJ^ON. I v ould like to have a copy of that letter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. We have some extra copies, and I will see that 
 you get a copy of it, Senator. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Will you supply me with a set of copies? I 
 want to use them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. We will get the set together for you. Now, Mr. 
 Hammerling, in this letter you also aippealed to them to use the influ- 
 ence of their papers and their editorial columns to prevent the manu- 
 facture of munitions and theshipment of them, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. The letter speaks for itself, Major. The 
 letter was not made out by me; it was made out by Mr. Rumely and 
 myself. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. As I understand, you said yesterday that your 
 only interest in this transaction was purely c commercial interest. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is all it was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. As an advertising proposition. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is all it was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then a portion of the consideration to be given 
 by you, a portion of the service to be rendered by you, was your in- 
 fluence with the foreign-language pTess of the country, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIjING. Shall I answer that? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The average papers, including the largest 
 in the United States, support their advertisers in different ways. I 
 am simply doing" what I learned in this country from the American 
 newspaper people in the way they are doing it. Tli©re is hardly >n 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 593 
 
 advertiser who i? not asked if he wants something in that paper 
 when he advertises. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then your practice in conducting your advertis- 
 ing business is to undertake to use your influence to deliver the 
 editorial support of the paper to the advertisers, no matter v^^ho the 
 advertisers are. Is that correct? 
 
 M. HAMMERLING. It is, in a general proposition, Major. 
 
 Maj. HT^MES. Yon say that is a common practice? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I mean as a whole. Many papers also will 
 say many things, if their business manager would not have to consult 
 with the editors. 
 
 Maj, HUMES. You did use your influence to furnish the editorial 
 support of the papers in consideration for the advertising which was 
 being furnished? 
 
 Mr. HMCMBRLING. I did not furnish any editorial support in 
 iny life to anybody. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I said your influence to secure editorial support. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I don't know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That letter appeals for that support, does it not? 
 Now, Mr. Hammerling, you made a statement to the Alien Property 
 Custodian in reeard to this matter, did you not — ^to Mr. White, Avho 
 represented the Alien Property Custodian? 
 
 Mr HiVMMERLING. Over my signature? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I don't know anything about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is your signature, is it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (after examination) . Yes ; it is. 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Did you not at that time say that you had said 
 to Mr. Rumely, "I also stated that the copy which would go into our 
 papers and be sent out by the association would have to be written 
 by ourselves, to which he agreed"? 
 
 Mr. HA1\0/[ERLING. Yes; including himself. Yes: he was there. 
 We could not do it ^\'ithout his "0. K." 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you insisted upon controlling the character 
 and contents of this advertisement when you negotiated this with 
 Mr. Rumely? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that I had the signatures of 
 the papers, and I thought it was my duty to do that. I did not want 
 anything without it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you are absolutely responsible for the con- 
 tents of' this appeal'? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I don't know — whatever you gentlemen 
 say. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Rumely acquiesced in your demand that you 
 prepare the advertisement, did he not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. He was there to prepare it, I did 
 not knov\ anything about that thing. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You were all responsible for it, were you 
 not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am supposed to be, and I am perfectly 
 willing to take the responsil)ility, if is put on me. And I want to be 
 punished if it was such a thing as I ought to be punished for. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not also ezact as a requirement from Dr. 
 Rumely that this advertisf^ment must be printed in some of the Eng- 
 lish-language newspapers? 
 
594 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAM^ERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. Hl^MES. If this was a purely commerical transaction, why- 
 did you require of him that the advertisement be inserted in some 
 Eng'lish-languag'e papers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For the reason that I did not think we 
 could handle this advertising and accomplish what he wanted to 
 accomplish by putting it simply in our pa(piers. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Then your purpose was to pursue a policy that 
 would accomplish the purpose Mr. Rumely had in mind in sending 
 it out? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. He was the advertiser. He was an adver- 
 tiser, that is all I knew about it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You wanted to assist him in accomplishiing youY 
 purpose ? 
 
 . Mr. HAMMERLINGr. Just as people leave it to us to place any 
 business. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You wanted to put it in the English papers 
 to accomplish the purpose of your advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Of the advertising. It was not my adver- 
 tising. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN.- You said you wanted to put it in the Eng- 
 lish-language papers in order to accomplish your puropose. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not my purpose — his purpose. He wanted 
 this advertising to be placed before the American people, before the 
 people w^ho either manufacture these munitions or the workmen who 
 make them, and, as I 'Stated yesterday, the men who inquired in a 
 few places stated that the majority of them were Am.eri can-born men 
 who worked in these factories. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Why were you anxious to have it in Ameri- 
 can papers? Why were you anxious to have this published in Ame- 
 rican papers' 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. I was not anxious. I simply suggested it. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How is that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I told them. 
 
 Senator NELSON. I am not asking you what you told him; I am 
 asking you why you were =o anxious. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. For no particular reason but what I stated. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT, See if I state your position correctly. This 
 man Rumely came to you to get publicity for this idea? 
 
 Mr. H.iMlERLING. ' Yes. 
 
 Senator WOLCOT. And as an expert advertising man yon 
 said. ' * If you want to give it wide publicity, use not only our papers 
 but the English-language papers". Is that the idea? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Exactly. That was the idea I wanted to 
 convey. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was it not your purpose, in requiring that it 
 should be published in English language papers, to prevent yourself 
 and the foreign-language press froom being placed in the position 
 of exclusively conducting this particular kind of German propa- 
 ganda ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That was not your reason? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. I had no idea that it was German 
 propaganda. As I said yesterday, and will repeat, if your honored 
 body think I did know it, I want to be punished to the limit, and 
 the first one to be hanged in the United States, and if you don't 
 do it you are not doing your duty, if anybody can prove I had any.. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 595 
 
 thing to do with any German proipaganda. I would be thei last man on 
 earth to destroy my home, and I can not stand anything like this. 
 
 Senator STERLING. You knew it would have a wider influence 
 if published in the English-language papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. This was a time when advertising was bad, 
 and wihen that man said he would spend $200,000, I am frank to admit 
 I was so enthused about it that I took it, and I did not give it 
 any thought. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not say that you could not accept the bu- 
 siness and undertake this work for $100,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. Yes ; it could not pay the bill. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You insisted on the full $205,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. Well, if he had had more— if he could 
 have paid more — I would have asked him to pay more. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And yet you were not so anxious to secure ad 
 vertising that you were willing to do this advertising unless Dr. 
 Rumely assured you that it would simultaneously appear in En- 
 glish-language papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. I don't think I understand that, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You demanded of Dr. Eumely that he give you 
 absolute assurance that this would appear in English-languag"e pa- 
 (piers at the same time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. I did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you did not want this $200,000 worth of 
 advertising badly enough to take the money unless you knew it 
 was going to appear in English-language newspapers? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMEELING. T don't see why I didn't want it. The more 
 papers it went in. the more commission we made. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How much did you get out of the $205,000? 
 
 Mr. HiVMMEEIilNG. I got our commission, from 10 to 15 per 
 cent — whatever the papers say. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Hov/ much in the aggregate? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. About $30,000. I should say. 
 
 Maj. HUIMES. Mr. Hammerling, you say you only received the 
 commissions. Is it not a fact that you did not pay the foreign-lan- 
 guage news,papers of this country as much as $25,000 for the ad- 
 vertising space that thc'V' gave you on this? 
 
 Mr. HL^MMEELING. ' That is absolutely false. Every time I will 
 give just the same answer. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you any record to show how much you 
 paid to each one of these papers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. The papers have it. Every paper has it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have a report here from a very considerable 
 number of th.ese papers — from the papers themselves. The ones I 
 have heard from indicate that they have received not to exeed 
 $14,000 for the publication of this advertisment from you. Do you 
 question the accuracy of their report to this committee? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. I do; yes sir. 
 
 Senator ■WOLCOTT, You are not prepared to say that, are you? 
 You do not know how many papers are represented in these re- 
 ports? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. T do not. Pardon me. I simply answer that 
 I do not know how many papers tbere are. Thank you, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Of course, a certain number of papers would 
 not receive over $14,000 — five or six papers, say? 
 
596 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How many foreign-language newispapers were 
 there that received nothing? 
 
 Mr. H^^MMERLING-. I don't know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have here a bnndle of a good many of the pa- 
 pers who signed this, w?iO say. in communications addressed to this 
 committee, that they received nothing for the pnblication of this 
 appeal. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. >ome of them have not been used ; no, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you any way of checking to determine 
 whether the information that they are furnishing to this committee 
 is correct? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I have not. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Have you a list of those that did receive 
 money from you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTjING. No ; v^e do not have it now. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What have you done with the list? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING-. I was saying that every year, when the 
 year is over, like 1916. the records are put away, as long as we are 
 in business. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How dees it come that you kept these signed au- 
 thorizations to sigtn that appeal, and yet you kept no record of the 
 (payments you made to the papers for printing it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. These authorizations, that I kept, I always 
 kept those. Thog^e are the arrangements for everything that we 
 have. "We have kept that in our box, so that at any time any papers 
 that say they did not sign it, we always have it in our vaults. 
 
 Senator OVIORMAN. TIow did you pay — by check? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. By check and cash ; just as we always do. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Whom did you pay by cash? 
 
 Mr. Hammerling. I did not do the paying. I don't think I 
 paid one. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. I)id you destroy vour checks? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING: No, 'sir 
 
 Senator OVERMAN, Where are those checks? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We did not pay by checks. We paid with 
 vouchers 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Vouchers? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The voucher system. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Is the voucher destroyed? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I don't know if they are there for that 
 year. I don't know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Here are the so-called authorizations that you 
 have produced, purporting to have been signed by each one of 
 of the newspapers that signed the appeal. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That list; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And that is the only record of any kind that you 
 have preserved of this transaction. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; I have the copy, and I have the letter 
 v/e sent out with it. That is all the thing we kept. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But you kept no record of the financial trans- 
 action? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not keep them. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. .Did Dr. Albert tell you to make a state- 
 ment ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T have to present the bill— the mechanical 
 work connected with that thing cost a great deal of money. Dr. Ru- 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 597 
 
 mely asked me to hand it in, and I have handed it in to him. I had 
 it ready for him. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. He told you he wanted it sent to Dr. Al- 
 bert? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No: he did not. He introduced me to Dr. 
 Albert. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you go on record yourself in favor of this 
 propaganda that you were advertising? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. T have not had any propaganda at all. 
 
 Maj. IHJMES. Is not this a propag'<anda — this appeal? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING . No, sir ; I do not call it such. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You do not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you advocate, personally or through your 
 association, an adherence to the embargo that was advocated in the 
 appeal ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMEi. You are the editor and piiblisher of the Ameri- 
 can Leader, are you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I am one : yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you a copy of the American Leader of 
 April 22, and the leading editorial. 
 
 Mr. IL^MMERLTNG. Well, this here has not been Avritten by me. 
 
 Maj. nUME^^. It is the leading editorial in the magazine that 
 yon own and control, is it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, it is all right — do you mean com- 
 menting on it? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HaMMERLTNG. This is done by the editor, Mr. Caldwell: 
 yet I am willing to take the full responsibility. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you mean to say you will not assume 
 responsibility for the articles appearing in the Leader? 
 
 Mr. HAMklRLING. Jointly, I suppose I have to; I don't know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I call your attention to this editorial, appearing in 
 the American Leader of April 22. 1915, which I will read to you: 
 
 FOREIGN -LANG IT A IE EDITORS APPEAL TO TNE AMERICAN PEOPLE 
 A truly astounding Instance — 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you wiU pardon me, can interrupt 
 
 you? I remember Mr. Caldwell bringing that to my attention. He 
 said this editorial appeared in the New York Evening Post, and 
 he asked me if he should copy it, and I said I did not know any- 
 thing about it. I remember the incident; and, if you will examine 
 •Ghe New York Evening Post, you -will see that we copied it. 
 
 Maj. HUMRS. You did not give the New York Evening Post 
 credit for it 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We never do. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Then vou printed it as an oriiginal editorial? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I understood so from Mr. Caldwell at the 
 time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And the purpose of the American Leader was to 
 pu.t out editorial matter that could be copied and used by the fo- 
 reign-language newspapers of the country, was it not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If they wanted to; yes. 
 
598 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In this editorial you say: 
 
 A truly astounding' instance of the democratizing effect which residence in 
 this country has upon stranspers from foreign lands is the „ Appeal to the Ame- 
 rican people", which a large numbei- of the editors of foreign-language news- 
 papers of this country have signed and caused to be published, in full-page 
 display, in some of their own papers and in the chief papers printed in the 
 English language. It is a fine thing to realize that in this broad, free land 
 members of all of the chief races of the earth can touch shoulders in daily 
 toil and come to know and resi)eot one another. The national hatreds, so natu- 
 ral in FJurope, are here largely rubbed a"way under the leveling influence of 
 our tolerant and liberal institutions. The cosmopolitan character of our popu- 
 lation tends to destroy prejudice. Knowledge of a people breeds sympathy and 
 respect for their qualities. We no longer generalize about the Swedes, the 
 Poles, the Germans, or the French, because we have met so many worthy 
 specimens of each, and have come to know^ that a gentleman is a gentleman 
 the world over no matter what language he speaks; and that a good workman 
 is a good workman no matter what hill or valley of Europe he originally came 
 from. 
 
 And, now, when our Government is striving so hard to maintain, officially, a 
 strict neutrality in the present European conflict, it is a fine thing to see so 
 many of the leaders of thought and the shapers of popular opinion among the 
 various language groups of our poprdation come thus voluntarily and frankly 
 out with a plea that the Am.erican people, as a whole, attempt to shorten the 
 war, not only by general suggestions offered from time to time to the belliger- 
 ent peoples, but by a definite and active frogram of our own, calculated to 
 reduce the number of days of strife and misery in this most brutalizing of 
 modern wars. Among the petitioners are Poles, Hungarians. Russians, Ita- 
 lians, French — in i^act. members of all the non-English-speaking belligerent 
 nations (except Germany), and with them all the adjacent neutral countries. 
 
 But it is significiant fact that the list of signers, while representing all the 
 principal races in this couuntry. does not include the names of the publishers, 
 managers, or editors of all the newspapers which go to make up the foreign- 
 language press. This important fact emphasizes the too-little-known truth 
 that the foreign press of this country is independent in policy and opinion. 
 The papers of the country in each language differ among themselves in their 
 attitude on vital duestio.ns and show the same individual independence of 
 thought as do the big American dailies pubUslied in the English language. 
 
 Now, you published that with a view of having it republished in 
 the foreign-language newspapers, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMIIERLING. I don't know. They can if they want to. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You knew that this appeal was not the result of 
 the independent thought of the foreign-language press, but was in- 
 spired by you and Dr. Rumely and prepared by you for their 
 signature and for their publication, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERIiENG. 1 don't know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There you presented in that editorial to the pub- 
 lic something that you knew was absolutely untrue? 
 
 Mr Hx\MMERLING. I have said how the thing happened, and 
 this Senate committee can verify my statement. May I read from 
 another editorial, which I was accused that it was not written by 
 me, and the editor, Mr. CaldweU, who has been heralded as a Scotch- 
 man, has written me this note? I do not want to call any names. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. ^Vhen was it written? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. August 13, 1914. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You can put in anything that you want. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T will consider it a privilege if you will 
 permit mo to do this. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Go ahead. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I want to state how this came about. When 
 I landed in Breslau, about the 28th of July, 1914, I read in the Lon- 
 don Mail, I think, an article about the different crimes Austria had 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 599 
 
 eommittecl. I made some clianges, and I disipatched it immediately 
 to Mr. CaldweH. as I thoiiglit it was timely, and Mr Caldwell states 
 in his letter 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Yon mean you sent him an article taken 
 from the London Mail? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; changed to snit our purpose. I will 
 read it. This was the leading editorial that day : 
 
 HAMMKRLING EXHIBIT No. 156. 
 
 Austria's Crimes. 
 
 The bloodiest conflict of recorded history is now on. Austria — the ferret of 
 Europe, the chronic disturber of continental peace — has again plunged the 
 civilized countries of Christendom into international warfare. The great Eng- 
 lish statesman, Gladstone, once asked, ,,Can anyone put his finger on any spot 
 of the map where Austria has done any good?" But Gladstone died 16 years 
 ago. What would he say of Austria's role during these later years? All over 
 Europe there has been a rapid advance in civilization in which Austria has not 
 fully participated. In diplomacy her ways have been medieval, barbaric. Her 
 present conduct is no exception. 
 
 After years of encroachment upon the Ferbs, she annexed the Slavic coun- 
 tries of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in i909, without so much as a „,thank you", 
 and yvith Germany's full approbation. During the recent Balkan war, Austria 
 tried once more to set the prime nations of Europe at one another's throats. 
 But masterly diplomacy warded off the catastrophe. Now, hardly has the 
 smoke of the Balkan war cleared from the skies, when Austria trumps up a 
 charge against the small, exhausted state of Serbia. She accuses a whole race 
 of an individual's murderous folly. She sends an imperious ultimatum to Bel- 
 grade. The Serbian Government^ aware of its own comparative weakness, 
 bov/s the knee to every condition of the offensive ultimatum save one, viz, 
 that Austrian officials shall sit in the court which is to investigate the assas- 
 sination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his consort. To grant Austrian 
 representation, under the circumstances, was to sign Serbia's own death war- 
 rant, since Austrian pre.iudices had already convicted Serbia. Furthermore, 
 Serbia realized that slie was not nationally responsible, and could not man- 
 fully bring herself to the admission of any such high-handed charge. 
 
 On this slim pretext — unprecedented in history — the great dual monarchy 
 invaded depleted Serbia. Never was there such subserviency on the part of 
 a weakened but proud nation: never was there such open violation of the 
 basic usages of modern civilization on the part of a so-called civilized modem 
 power. And, from these slight causes, all the armed strength of Europe is 
 arrayed brother r gainst brother. 
 
 And who is to bear the brunt of the war'' With all the bourses of the world 
 closed, with the merchant marine of the world nearly at a standstill, with 
 prices soaring and famine staring even neutral countries m the face, who 
 shall pay the piper? The Serbians are fighting the unsought aggression of a 
 hated race; the Russians are supporting theii- kindre-d Slavs — but for what 
 are the line-men of the Austrian ranks fighting? What shall they gain, even 
 if they win — but impoverished fields and fortunes and the perpetuation of a 
 mistrusted government? 
 
 To begin with, .Austria is an artificially constituted empire. The Germanic 
 blood of the ri:ling class constitutes less than a quarter of tiie total popula- 
 tion, while thfe Slavic population of .Austria numbers 46 per cent of the total 
 inhabitants. Austria is made up of a variety of conflicting and unassimilable 
 peoples— Bohemians, jMoravians. T*oles, Ruthenians, Croats. Serbs, Slovaks, 
 Moriaks, Bulgarians. Italians. Armenians, Jews, Gypsies (100,000), Magyars! 
 Germans and Roumanians. What can we expect of national unity' from this 
 mixture of tongues and nationalities under a government which is unpopular 
 with most of them? For what is tlie individual contending? What may he 
 hope to reap as a reward save death and further sub.iection? 
 
 Of the outcome of the gigantic slaughter, we can only hazard the possibilities 
 Among the plausible probabilities are: That France will endeavor to take back 
 Alsace-Lorraine; that Serbia Avili secure Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as 
 form a union with Montenegro- that these last-named countries, aided by 
 
600 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 100,000 seasoned Greek allies, and thousands of Rumanians, will alone be able 
 to hold Austria in check in the fastnesses of the Serbian hills; that Poland 
 will seek'^this last favorable opportimity to achieve its freedom; that Great 
 Britain will permanently ci-ipple the German fleet,, and thus destroy for a half 
 century Germany's naval competition; that Russia will take part of the adja- 
 cent Austrian territory; and tbat there will arise from Austria's ruin a new 
 Slavic union of small states. These loom up only as possibilities. Meanwhile, 
 Italy has chosen wisely m electing to remain neutral, if possible. 
 
 One thing seems just now certain- -the map of Europe will be fundamentally 
 altered. Gernriany has bitten off a larg-er chunk than she can easily chew. 
 Besides, she has alienated a lot of good feeling by disregarding the neutrality 
 of Luxemburg, Belgiuin and Switzerland, and by invading France before a 
 declaration of war. The neutrality of Belgium was guaranteed by the treaty 
 of 1864. signed in London, and Germany's utter disregard of her obligation in 
 this matter has been the chief factor i)! dragging unwilling England into the 
 war, thereby jeopardizing all of her marine movements. 
 
 The frightful toll of life and property wiU set Europe back nearly a quarter 
 of a century. Gerrjiany has most to lose and seemed rashly willing to risk it. 
 Pier 40 years of tremendous industrial advance is now to be robbed of its 
 chief benefits. Never was there wageld so ruthlessly unjustifiable a war as 
 the present, and no part of the world will fail to be harmed by its effects. 
 We can be reconciled only by the meager confidence that much peace must 
 follow. 
 
 Senator STEKJjING. From what did you read? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLINO. I am reading from the American Leader, 
 the leading editorial. 
 
 Senator STERLING- And that is an editorial that appeared, you 
 say, in an English paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It appeared and we changed it. I gave 
 the statistical figures^ etc., and sent it in for our paperis, for the 
 Leader; yes, sir — made the changes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammer] ing, at the time that was primted in 
 the American Leader you were in Europe, were you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. sir. 
 
 Maj HUMES. When had you gone to Europe? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I Avent to Europe in April. 
 
 Maj. HIjMES. You went there in April? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you had been in Europe continuously from 
 April up until the time this was printed in the American Leader on 
 the ISth of August 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And yon were on the high seas, on your way back 
 to this country, at the time this vvas printed on the 13th of August? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Here is the authority for it (producing 
 paper). ^ 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, Mr. Hamraerling, at the time that you were 
 in Europe and at the time this was published, Mr. Arthur Gabriel 
 was one of the vice presidents of your company, was he not? 
 
 Mr. HAIMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Armour Cald^vell was the editorial writer? 
 
 Mr. Hc\MMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj HUMES. And is it not a fact that when you came back to 
 this country you took Mr. Ca]d"v\eil to task for that editorial 
 
 Mr. HAMMr!:RIjING. That is absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMEo (continuing). And threatened to dismiss him if he 
 ever made a re(petition of it; and did you not systematically go out 
 to the foreign-language press of the country personally, or have 
 your represeniatives go ont personally, and apologize to them, and 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 601 
 
 explain that it was written while you were out of the country, and 
 was not a correct expression of your sentiments? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is absolutely false. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You deny that, do you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I deny it. Mr. Caldwell denied it. He 
 brought it to my attention. 
 
 Mag. HUMES. And this is a letter that Mr. CaldweH 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That Mr. CaHwell sent to me after Mi 
 Gabriel made that statement. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Dated May 29, 1918? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; he handed me the letter without 
 my suggestion. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you want this to go in the record with that 
 article ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. If you say so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It is a matter of your desire. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Let it go in. 
 
 (The letter referred to is here printed in full in the record, as 
 follows:) 
 
 RXIBTT NO. 1141. 
 
 (The American Leader. Published semimonthly by the American Association of 
 Foreign Language Newspapers (Inc.), suite 908 — 926 Woollworth Building, 
 
 New "iork City.) 
 
 MAY 29. 1918. 
 
 Mr. LOUIS N. HAMMERLING. 
 
 President American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, 
 
 Woolworth Building, New York City. 
 
 DEAR MR. HAMMERLING: You asked me a few days ago from what source 
 I secured the material for the editorial entitled "Austria's Crime," which ap- 
 peared in The American Leader, in the issue of August 13, 1914. In reply I 
 Would state that, to the V)est of my memory, the edtiorial was based on a clip- 
 ping received from you .taken from an English newspaper, about which I wrote 
 in the general editorial way. 
 
 Very cordially yours, 
 
 ARMOUR CALDWELL, Editor. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling, I show you an intertview with 
 you, published in the New York Times on April 6, to refresh your 
 recollection, and ask if you authorized that interview, or if you 
 ever saw it before? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What year? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. 1915, the day after the appeal was first printed 
 
 Mr. HAMIVTERLING. Yes ; I remember that. 
 
 Maj. rCUMES. You remember the interview? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not give any interview. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did not give any interview? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You saw it published? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I saw it. It was brought to my attention. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You never made a denial' of it? 
 
 Mr .HAMMERLING. I denied it every time. 
 
 Maj. iniMES. You never made any formal denial? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I denied it to every one that came out. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ask the Times to print any denial? 
 
602 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The Timas is not the Government. I gave 
 the Goiverninent of the United States, the Department of Justice, the 
 information when I was asked. I do not see why I should give it to 
 these papers. 
 
 Maj. FIJMPJS. I should like to put that in the record; but I will 
 read it in later and not take the time now. 
 
 There was something said yesterday about your testimony before 
 Mr. Becker. I show you the stenographic report of your testimony 
 there, and alsk you if that stenographic report is a correct repiort. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T do not know, Major. I have not read it. 
 I did not see it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Well, glance at it. 
 
 Mr. HjVMMERLEMG. They brought me over there in the excite- 
 ment of a political campaign, and I really do not know. I was 
 brought over from my farm Saturday afternoon, just like I had kil- 
 led somebody. I do not know what was said there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. If there was the excitement of a political cam- 
 paign on, what were you doing out on your farm? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T had nothing to do with the campaign. 
 Mr. Becker did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Oh, Mr. Becker? 
 
 Mr. HAMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you not called before that committee in 
 connection with the investigation of Mr. Rumely's activities? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; about Mr Becker's election. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Mr. Becker's election? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Mr. Becker wanted some of this stuff 
 to help him to be elected. 
 
 Maj. HUMP:S. To be elected what? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To be nominated — I beg your pardon—for 
 Attorney General. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And w}]en was the primary? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLWG. A few days later, I think. 
 
 Senator OVERIMAN. Mr. Becker, or Mr. Lewis? 
 
 Mr. HAMMPjRLING. Mr Becker. Mr Lewis ran for governor, 
 1 think. 
 
 (A gentleman in the hearing room stated that Mr. Becker was 
 the candi.'^ate for Attorney General of the Republican party.) 
 
 Maj. HUMES (p>roducing paper). On the 15th of July you signed 
 this statement for Mr. White, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAIMIMERLING. No, sir; T did not. This statement I gave 
 to Mr. Harper, of the district attorney's office; not to Mr. White. 
 
 Maj. HUMES To Mr. Harper? 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. To Mr. Harper. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You did that on the 15th day of July? 
 
 Mr. HUMES. And as a result of this statement, then, in con- 
 nection with the investigation of Mr. Rumely's affairs, you were 
 called as a v/itness before Mr. Becker, were you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMlVtERLTNG. Yes. T think so ; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And do you deny that you made the statement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know. Yesteriay I heard you 
 read that I said tliat Hawaii was the most wonderful country in the 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 603 
 
 world. I said it was the most beaiitiful country in the world, not 
 the most wonderful. I am out of there 20 years, and still have 
 marks on my back. I would not state here that it is wonderful. I 
 say it is beautiful — bieautiful flowers and beautiful country, but not 
 a beautiful treatment. I would rather be dead than to have made 
 such a statement. 
 
 Maj. HUMES You also testified yesterday that your purpose in 
 sending these mietn out to aU the munition factories of the country 
 was to find out what the condition of industrial rest or unrest was 
 in those factories, did you not? 
 
 Mr. ELVMMERLING. No, su- ; I did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. "Why did you send these men out to Bethlehem 
 and Bridgeport? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I stated that yesterday, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Well, 1 Avant to know. I have my recollection of 
 what you said yesterday, but I seem 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING 7 stated, and am very glad to repeat, that 
 when this man wanted this advertising placed I said in the course 
 of a week's negotiation, after talking to a few of the publishers, we 
 should find out who these people were and where they wetre work- 
 ing; and he finally came in with a piece of yellow paper and brought 
 m five or six or seven names, I do not remember just how many, and 
 I handed it to the secretary of the company, Mr. Momaud, and told 
 him, as we do in other business transactions, "Send ouit thieBe fellows 
 to let them find out ' ' 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did you want that information for? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We wanted to know what papers to use. 
 This was all in the negotiation, Major — how much money he was 
 going to spend. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He wanted to (know the papers of which nationall- 
 tite to use? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. This was in the talk. It was not 
 agreed right here to put up $200,000. It takes a good solicitor to 
 get $200,000 of advertisnig. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Was it your pur)pose to buy special copies of pa- 
 pers with these advertisements in them? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir; I niever buy any papers. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you had to utilize the papers of the nationa- 
 lities that were published in the various communities, did you notT 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In the various communities? 
 
 Maj. HUMES Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, you mean where the munitions w)etre 
 made? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. To buy papers to distribute them? 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. No ; utilize them, use them. 
 
 Mr. HAMIVIERLING. There were no palpiers in the places that 
 Mr. Momand told me, lately. Brooklyn had foreign-langluage papers. 
 The other place that they went, I tliink, was Wilmington, and there 
 was to my knowledge no foreign pa!p(e!r there ; and some small town 
 in New York, there was no paper there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES How about Brigdeport? 
 
 Mr. HxVMMERLING. I do not know. Somebody went to Bridge- 
 port. 
 
604 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There are foreign-language newsipapiers ther** are 
 there not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMTTRLING. I think there are. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There are foreign-language newspapers at Bethle- 
 helm, are there not? 
 
 Mr. HAM1VTERLING-. I do not know No, sir; there are not to 
 my knowledge 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You had the newspaper directory, and you were 
 entirely familiar with the various nationalities of the papiei^s pub- 
 lished in these localities? 
 
 Mr. HAIVIMERLING. Well, but Major, the papers were not the 
 question to consult. It was to find out what this man wanted. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. As a matter of fact, you found out that most of 
 the employees were Americans, did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Americans; yes, sir. 
 , Maj, HUMES. And then you insisted ujpion thei advertisement 
 being put in the American newspapers? 
 
 Mr HAMMWRLING. Yes, sir. It was aU in the negotiation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And your purpose was to lead wonkmen to quit 
 employment? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. , It was not my purpose at all. I had noth- 
 ing to do with :t. I placed the advertising. 
 
 Maj. HUM.I'JS. Of this $205,000 there was $48,000 paid for the 
 ipiublications in the English newspapers, was there not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Something like that. I could not swear to 
 it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show you your statement, made over your sig- 
 nature. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, something like that ; I have not the 
 exact figures. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Refresh your recollection. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING (after examining statement). Yes; $48,000. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. $48,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would not say it was exactly that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And the balance, $153,000, was used for the 
 foreign-language newspapers ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. What English newspapers did you put it 
 in? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In all the leading papers in the United 
 States, the big papers: what they call the metropolitan (papers, 
 Senator. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You put it in as an advertisement? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; a page adviertisement. That is all 
 any newspaper had. I would not place anything else. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I show von Exhibit No. 1143. Is that one of the 
 authorities or authorizations that you secured from a newspaper to 
 sign the name to the ajppeal? 
 
 Mr. HAIMMJJRLING. Yes, sir. The seal shows it. It is a society 
 paper, an independent church paper — a Polish independent church 
 paper. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with Mr. Mirski, the manager 
 of that paper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No ; I am not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I call your attention lo a letter which he has ad- 
 dressed to this committee, and ask yoii for your exjplanation of it. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 605 
 
 (Maj. Humes here read the letter above referred to, which is here 
 printed in the record in j!ull as I'olloAvs:) 
 
 EXHIBIT No. 1142. 
 
 thf: polish weekly straz 
 
 Scranton, Pa., November 21, 1918- 
 
 UNITED STATES SENATE, 
 
 Committee on the Judiciary, Washington, D. C. 
 
 GENTLEMEN : In reply to your favor of November 16 we must state as 
 follows: In your letter you said: „Early in April, 1915, you published an ad- 
 vertisement entitled ,An a:ppeal to the American people'. You also appear as 
 one of the signers of that appeal." 
 
 We must deny of advertising such appeal in our paper Straz, we not received 
 any money for such politiral advertisins:. And when some unfriendly news- 
 papers published that Stra?, signed appeal of Mr. Hammerling to American 
 people, Publishers of Straz have denied it in N. 16, April 22, 1915, in the follow 
 statement: ,,In' last week Mr. Hammerling from New York announced in ap- 
 peal to American people that some Oskala from Straz signed this appeal. 
 First we have not in editorial staff of Straz no such man Oskala, and second- 
 ly Straz as organ of the Church have nothing to do with politics and have no 
 intention to defend of Germans Publishers do not agree with this appeal and 
 nobody of them signed it." To prove that our declaration is correct, we send 
 to you the copy of mentioned paper, which you v/ill be so kind to return after 
 using. And if will be necessary we will be glad to send you all our publica- 
 tions in April, 1915. 
 
 Very respectfully yours, 
 
 POLISH NATIONAL PUBLISHING CO. 
 By G. Mirski, Manager;. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. How do you account for that transaction, Mr. 
 Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. HAMMEELING. I think it explains right hene, Major. You 
 can see the signature and the seal of the organization is there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Who is this man Oskala? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING-. I do not know, but Mirski is a new man 
 there, and this is why he states it. The best thing is to send for 
 him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Did you ever see the denial that they published 
 in their paper within two weeks after the publication of this appeal? 
 
 Mr. HAM]\IERLING. I never saw it. Maybe they did. I do 
 not know. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You say the explanation of it is here? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Oh, absolutely. There is the oficial seal 
 of the society. Senator. This is a society of an independent church. 
 It belongs to a priest by the name of Father Hordor, and this pub- 
 lication is known all over the country as just what it represents. If 
 I am permitted to say so, before I came here I heard from one of my 
 men in the office that some of the publishers in New York said: 
 **"We will just dig out circulars for the United States Senate," and 
 I wanted to be certain which ones it is, so that the Senate can send 
 for these fellows that signed it and then said they did not sign it, 
 you see. That is the way those fellows do business ; and yesterday 
 I cheeked up here with this gentleman to show that every signature 
 on that paper is here. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Let us see that list. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. You know some of the signatures. Senator, 
 so you can see it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling, you sent all of these out by 
 mail, did you not? 
 
606' BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. HAJVIMBRLING. Ml by mail; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES. This was sent out' under date of March 27, 1915. 
 I notice that you have in your files the signed authority from a paper 
 in Texas dated on the same day. How do you account for that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Maybe he has a man in New York. I do 
 not iknow", Major. If you will let me see the paper I can tell you. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I will come to it in a minute. 
 
 Mr, HAMIMERLING. You see, a good many of those (papers have 
 representatives in New York, and we send all the mail, payments, 
 orders, and everything to their representatives, just like the English 
 papers do. Other papers have their representatives in Chicago, St. 
 Louis, New Orleans, and such places. 
 
 (At the request of Maj. Ilum^els, the reporter marked as "Exhibit 
 No. 1143" the letter of authority above referred to, dated Scranton, 
 Pa., March 29, 1915, and signed "Polish National Publishing Com- 
 pany, publisher, F. Oskala, " and bearing a seal reading': "The 
 Polish National Publishing Company. Scranton, Pa. Seal. 1906.") 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling, I have here all of these papers 
 that deny that they ever signed or authorized you to sign this ap- 
 peal, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERTjING. Well, 1 say it is false, Major, as we verified 
 it last night with you. 
 
 Maj. H\JMES I do not want to take the time to go over them one 
 by one. 
 
 Mr. H:AMMERLING. I know ; but do you not think I am entitled 
 to that fairness from the Senate of the United Statels? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did you cheek them over with Mr. Hammer- 
 ling? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have what purports to be the authority attached 
 to each letter and the letter of the publisher. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did ycu cheek over with him to see whether 
 these pa,per? corregpiond to each other? 
 
 Maj. HUMblS. I did not check all of them, but T checked the ones 
 that I had information did not sign it. I did not undertake to go 
 through the whole bunch. It would have taken two daj^s to do that. 
 
 Senator WCLCOTT. You checked some of them with Mr. Ham- 
 merlin g ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He picked out what he claims was the authority 
 for the use oi the name. We picked those out together here last 
 night, and I have attached what he presents as his authority for the 
 iisei of the name and the communication of the publisher denying 
 that authority was ever given. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you want to put those in? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I do not know what the desire of the committee 
 may be on that subject. Of course, that is a question purely of 
 veracity. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. It seems to me, Mr Chairman, that if the 
 committee consider it material, the people who undertake to re. 
 pudiate the signature ought really to be summoned as wittnesses, ana 
 not have them stick a letter in here. 
 
 Senator STERLING. How many are there that deny the authority, 
 Major? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Thirty-six, exactly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I have forgotten the number. 
 
 Senator KING. I suppose Mr. Hammerling claims the authority 
 from some writing? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 607 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMBRLING. Oh, yes. 
 
 Senator KING. So that there would he an equal dignity to the 
 denial to the paper which he claims to be the authorization? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is right. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. The difference is that Mr. Hammerling sup- 
 ports the writing that he brings here with h^ oath. The other pieiople 
 do not support it with anything. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. But the disposition to be made of that matter can 
 be considered by the committee. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Let the fact go in that 36 deny that they 
 ever signed it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. Thirty-six deny by letter that they ever 
 signed it. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Thirty-six deny by letter to this committee 
 that they ever signed it. 
 
 Senator KING. Perhaps the names ought to be given to the re- 
 porter. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There arc several in which I am satisfied that the 
 signatures ai-e the same. In other instances the sigtiatures do not 
 correspond sufficiently that I can judge which is the correct sig- 
 nature. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No; but pardon me, Major; they change. 
 Are they tne same people? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In some instances. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Are there some instances, Maj Humes, where 
 the authorization to Mr. Ilammerling seems to be signed by one 
 official of the publication and th& denial that comes to this commit- 
 tee is signed by a different person connected with that particular 
 publication ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES Yes ; there are instances of that; ; and there are in- 
 stances where there is a denial that the man who Ipurports to have 
 signed the authorization to Mr. HammeT'ling, is or was ever con- 
 nected with the paper or ever had any authority to sign. 
 
 Senator STERLING. How many authorizations are there about 
 which there is no qmeistion? 
 
 Maj. HI^MES. I do not know about the rest of these authoriza- 
 tions. "We want an opportunity to cheek that over a little bit. 
 
 Mr. HA]\IMERLING. A little over 400, Senator— 450. 
 
 Maj. HT"^MES. Now, Mr. Ilammerling, I want to ask you one 
 question with reference to the naturalization business. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. Maj. Humes, before you proceed with that, 
 1 should Hike to ask a question. IMr. Hammerling, referring to the 
 authorizations that you have produced here and which you received, 
 justifying the appending of these variious names to the appeal, do 
 you swear that you knew that the men signing them had authority 
 to sign? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I could not swear to that, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You do not know? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not know. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I will say to the committee that there are a great 
 number of these that, because of the handwriting, we want an olp- 
 portunity to go into pretty carefully. There are about 125 of them 
 
t)08 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 in which the handwTiting is of such a nature that we want to make 
 an investigation of it. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. All right; go ahead, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. With reference to your naturalization, and the 
 naturalization that was being carried on in the locality in which 
 yon resided at the time of your naturalization, was it a common 
 practice there for aliens to be naturalized without regard to the 
 length of residence in this country? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Before elections; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Before elections it was a common practice to bring 
 in a lot of aliens and get them naturalized so as to qualify them for 
 voters? 
 
 Mr HAI\IMERLING. That was my knowledge. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was there an organized effort being made in that 
 community to carry on this practice? 
 
 Mr, HAMMERLING. I do not say in that community. It was 
 all over the coal region. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All over the anthracite-coal region? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir ; to my knowledge. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were there certain men there who made a busi- 
 ness of rounding up the?,ei aliens and getting them in and getting 
 them naturalized? 
 
 Mr. HzVMMERLING. It did not require them. It was the county 
 organizations : the political parties. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. The ipolitical parties? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES And you simply went along with that practice; 
 one of these political organizations came to yoiu and asked you to be 
 
 • turalized, and they prepared your papers, and you paid no atten- 
 tion to them, and they went away? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. They were not prepared at all. It was a regu- 
 lar thing to just iput in the name. That is the way citizenship was 
 given. Now it is changed. It is the United States Government. 
 Before, it was a county court. 
 
 Senator O^T^RMAN. They naturalized you in order th^t you 
 might vote in that election? Was that the reason? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Who was it that came to you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember, Senator. 
 
 Senator STERLING. Where were you kt the time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. It is never more than 
 about a week or two weeks befo:r'-e an election in that county that 
 they tell you who they want '<;iected. There is nothing wrong about 
 it. It is done. If we i-ave some town like Duryea, the election is 
 over whenever tho parties on both sides agree that such a man shall 
 be elected. 
 
 I wil^ give you an instance. We had a Congressman by the name 
 of rfenry W. Palmer, who was a very high-grade man. I worked 
 under him in the United Charities. Mr. Palmer was a good man, 
 but he recommended a postmaster not satisfactory to the Irish. In 
 Wilkes-Barre they wanted a certain Irishman by the name of Athe- 
 ner. The district, as you gentlemen Avill see from the Congressional 
 Directory, is overAvhelmingly Republican, but we elected John T. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 609 
 
 Lanahan with an ovenvhelming majority as a Democrat, for the 
 reason that those were the instructions from the bosses — I mean from 
 Washington, whoever is the head of thei party. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Both sides agreed that he should be elected? 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That John T. Lanahan should be elected 
 against Mr. Palmer, and we elected him It is a matter of record 
 Mr. Lanahan would be very glad to come here, and I can tell him 
 to his face. He told me the night of the election; he said: "This 
 is the biggest surprise I ever got in my life." He had no show. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Naturalization frauds were a common practice up 
 in the anthracite-coal region? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Nobody considered it a wrong thing to do. 
 It was just done. "When they were short of men in a certain district 
 they used to send to another to\\Ti, to Scranton, get a couple of car 
 loads in, and vote them. That is absolutely true. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. They sent them over by carloads? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; they sent them over by carloads. 
 One man might go into 10 different places to vote^ — I mean the les.s 
 intelligent ones — not only foreigners, but everybody. 
 
 Senator OT'ERMAN. They rejpeated, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. Nobody objected to it that I know 
 of. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And your activities in that particular were what 
 got you into politics in New York, were they — your experience in 
 that line ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Politics in New York? I have never been 
 in politics in New York. They elected me against the most popular 
 man in New York City for a delegate to the Republican national 
 convention. I was elected against Oscar Straus. He was a Roose- 
 velt man, and I happened to be against Roosevelt for the reason that 
 when he went to Europe he wanted the foreigners to stand in parade 
 and bow to him, and I, with my humble influence, said, **No"; and 
 it was not done, and he knows, it, too. So I was elected by an over- 
 whelming majority against Oscar Straus as a delegate from New 
 York. The people did not know me. They did not know anything 
 ahout who they were voting for. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Mr. Hammerling, are you acquainted with Mr. 
 Byoir, of the Committee on Public Information? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you had any business transactions with him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Never. I met him about a year ago in 
 Chicago. He came over to see me there and asked me to go with him. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you ever had any conference with him with 
 reference to your affairs? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I saw Bj'-oir a good many times. He asked 
 me to do many thing.s for the committee in regard to foreign papers. 
 The last thing, gentlemen, is here, I thinli, that he wanted me to do. 
 I am glad to have an opportunity, by the way, to show it. Mr. Byoir 
 asked me to make a special campaign for the Provost Marshal Gen- 
 eral of the United States in behalf of the last registrations, and 1 
 have a letter from the Provost Marshal General of Sejptember 26, 
 acknowledging what I have done. 
 
 (The letter produced by the witness is here printed in full, as 
 follows :) 
 
610 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 HAMMEFvLINQ EXHIBIT No. 157 
 Mr. LOUIS N. HAMMERLINC. 
 
 Pres., Americn Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, 
 
 Woolworth Building, New York City. 
 DEAR SIR. I wish 1o express my appreciation and the appreciation of the 
 War Department for the splendid .support secured by you with the Foreign- 
 Language Press in assis.ting to make the Selective Service Draft Registration 
 a success. Many publishers of These papers have sent sample copies and clip- 
 pings to this office, and they are revelations. Your ready response to my 
 appeal for widespread announcement makes me confident of your future co- 
 operation. K. H. CROWDER, 
 
 Provost Marshal Generaii. 
 By LUCIUS B. BARBOUR, 
 ' Capt. Inf. U. S. A. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with Mr. Pruden? 
 
 Mr. HAM;MERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with the Yon Patten Agency t 
 
 Mr. HA]\IMERLTNG. Unfortunately, yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that even after the time that this 
 country entered the war you sought and consulted with them about 
 a publicity campaign that you proiposed to put on immediately fol- 
 lowing the close of the war in behalf of German interests and look- 
 ing to a reconciliation, commercially and otherwise, with Germany? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It is absolutely false, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All right, sir. Do you know Mr. John Nemetht 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it or is it not fact that in the fall of 1916, through 
 him, you transferred a considerable sum of money from this country 
 to Europe? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir ; I never remember anything of the 
 kind in 1916. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever, through Mr. Nemeth, transfer a 
 considerable sum of money at any time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not retmember. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Yon do not remember v^^hether you sent any 
 money over? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, not during 1916, Senator. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. At any time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. At any time before, years ago? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I supported the entire family 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. During the last six years? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLmG. Yos; but I do not thinik I did it through 
 Nemeth. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you transfer in .1916 a considerable sum of 
 raonev through anybody els©? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T did not, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you transfer approximately $180,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not ISO cents to anybody. If it is pro- 
 duced here I want to be the first one shot in this country, and I am 
 going to dem«-.nd it by the justice of America, v^^hieh I believe in, if 
 I have done ■mything of this kind. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You did transfer money, you admit? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Before. This was maybe 10 years ago or so. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Not within 10 years? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 611 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Not during the war, Senator. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There is no charge of illegality in the case of that 
 particular transaction. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. But I would not do it. To whom shall 1 
 transfer money? I have nohody there. My place was destroyed. 
 My people were killed. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When was your place destroyed? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. My place was destroyed the first week in 
 December, 1915. My father-in-law went there, and he said: ''The 
 place is compiletel}'- destroyed," 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Destroyed by wnat means? 
 
 ]\Ir. HAMMERLING. By the German Army. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Moving over it? 
 
 Mr. HA]\CMERLING. They were moving over it. The Russians 
 were a couple of miles away from it; and when the Germans came 
 there, with the American flag and my reputation — they knew all 
 about this stuff that I was doing in this country. If I am permitted 
 to answer this, gentlemen, I reaUy believe that it is due to the great 
 justice of America, and why we immigrants come here, to give me 
 that opportunity. 
 
 This opportunity of mine to appear here has been the greatest ot 
 my life ; and I want to say this, gentlemen, that if there is anything 
 that this honorable body or any Government authorities have that 1 
 have done against the interest of the United States during this war or 
 previous to tliis war, I think it would be the greatest benefit to 
 America to punish a man like me, who is as well known among the 
 foreigners, and settle this thing forever, for the reason that it will 
 give them a good lesson. Now, I believe that at our peace conference 
 our great representatives therei will demand that no peace or bread 
 shaU be given to those fellows there until they produce the guilty 
 people — and they no doubt have them there — who have done wrong 
 things. I am sure the Austrian Governmeat wou.ld do it, for the 
 reason that it is now in the hands of people that would be very glad 
 to help this country to knov^ who the spies were; and I think the 
 same thing would apply to Germany. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. That is enough, now. Go ahead. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yon were discussing the Galician estate. 'vVhen 
 did you acquire it. from whom did you acquire it, and what did you 
 pay for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I bought it from a man by the name of 
 Samick in 1911 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1911? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. In 1911. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did you pay for it? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. $105,000; about $60,000 cash, the rest 
 mortgage. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. If you were so attached to this country, why in 
 1911 were you so anxious to acquire a large estate in Austria? 
 
 Mr. HA.MM.ERLING. I bought it for a summer place. Many 
 people have it 
 
 Maj. HUMES. .A.nd that was your only purpose? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. That is all I evei- had any plurpose. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you always spend your summers there after 
 that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, yes ; a few weeks. 
 
612 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you invested this $105,000 in an estate 
 which you say now is prohably worth more than that? 
 
 Mr HAMMEELING I said it was worth about $200,000, for the 
 reason, that I :nade improvements. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You invested about $200,000 in a place for the 
 purpose of spending a couple of weeks there each summer? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; and,besides, I had it in mind to do 
 something for this countrj^ as an example, to show what a boy who 
 came here from slavery can accomplish. That also was one of my 
 happy moments. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then it was a philanthrotphic enterprise, amoni^ 
 other thingis? 
 
 Mr. HAMERLING Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Mr. Hammerling, yesterday you identified «ome 
 exhibits Avith reference to the translation of this personal-liberty 
 article for foreign-language newspapers. Whom did you get to 
 translate it for the Armenian, Bulgarian, Roumanian, Serbian, and 
 Syrian papers^ 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES (continuing). To whom yon paid $200 a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T do not remember, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not a fact that you arranged with individual 
 editors in New York, at a nominal compensation, to do that traLi.;lat- 
 ing for you? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have arranged it. I did not do. Major, 
 all this arranging. Sometimes the offico did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Well, you are responsible for the work of your 
 office 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Well, I do not know about that 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not arrange ■v^'ith Mr FTpovich at the 
 rate of $10 a month 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At the rate of $10 a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 did not, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES (continuing). For the translation from Serbian and 
 possibly seme other languages, for the work Mr. Andreae was turn- 
 ing oyer to you ? 
 
 Mr. HA.MMERLING. T do not know. Some of this work was 
 done outside of our office 
 
 Maj. HUMES You did not spend the whole amount of the com- 
 pensation you were allowed? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING We did not have to. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You made a profit on that, then? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I suppose so ; yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And yet, when you billed thes'^ expenses to Mr. 
 Andreae, you billed them as a pay roll, and your contract required 
 That vou T>ay translators, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. T did not bill it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You identified a great many bills here yesterday 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes; they were from our office. The asso- 
 ciation did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You do not disclaim responsibility for what the 
 association did? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not say I disclaim it, but I do not 
 know the details of the billing at all. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 613 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Then you made a profit on this pay roll? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLTNG. We no doubt did. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We no doubt did. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you mean that you would ipay a certain 
 sum for translating, without regard to what you were paid ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. We had nothing to do, to pay a man. He 
 made his own sipecifications. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You sent in a bill for the amount of money 
 you employed hira for, and it was more than you paid him? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Aceoirding to the contract — the sipecifi- 
 catioms. 
 
 Senat':^r OViilRMAN. And the difference between what you paid 
 him and what Andreae paid yO(U j^ou put in your bill? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I did not put anything in my bill. 
 
 Senator OVERMANT. You did not? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was the association. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. I mean the association? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; I suppose so. 
 
 Maj. HUMJ^S. What dividends has the Association of Foreign 
 Language Newspapers paid in its existence? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Different dividends. 
 
 Ma.i. HUMES. How much a year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. The preferred stock pays 6 per cent and 
 the common stock pays sometimes 12 per cent and sometimes more. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What is the most that it ever paid in one year? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I do not remember. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What is your salary? 
 
 Mr. HAMIMERLING. My salary to-day is $1,500 a month. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. $1,500 a month? . 
 
 Mr. HAMERLING. Y'es. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you not collecting $3,000 a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It used to be $3,000 before the war, but 
 since July- — the minutes vail shov^ it — we decided to reduce it. 1 
 think the first year, if you gentlemen will notice on the minutes, I 
 did not receive any salary at all, and then my salary began with $200 
 a month, and so on, according to the condition of the business. 
 
 Maj. HIJMES. IFp to July you were getting $3,000 a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And you have been getting $1,500 a month since 
 that? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. I pay my own expenses from it. 1 
 am on the road most of the time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Nov/, Mr. Hammerling, the most you have ever re- 
 ceived per month is $3,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yels; to ray knowledge. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Vfhen did you commence to receive that much? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I would say maybe in 1911 or 1912 ; some- 
 where along there. The booiks will show 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In 1912 you commenced to get $3,000? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You mean $3,000 a year or a month? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. A montli. My expenses are more than half 
 of that per month. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did vou receive before that time? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I think it was $1,500 or $1,000. 
 
614 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. $1,000 or $1,500? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Where did you get $10'o,000 in 1911 to buy au estate 
 in Galicia? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. 1 had it long before, I sold some of my 
 stoclk and bonds that I had 
 
 Maj. HUMES. When you came to WiikeB-Barre in 1899 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. It was not 1899. I said yesterday, Major, 
 I did not remember ; 1897 or 1S08 or 1899, or whatever it was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Whenever it was, j^ou eame there without a dollar, 
 did you not ? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In about 1900 or 1001 you had !^300 to invest in a 
 newspaper? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you had sources of income other than papers 
 and neiw.'^papers, etc.? 
 
 Mr. HrVMMERLING. Yes; lots of advertising; and I do Iprinting. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. I have known men that made millions over 
 night. Ii I had with you gentlemen all together what Morgan has 
 made during r.he last iwo year? we would have all of us more than 
 we want. I t-m proud of what I have miade in this country. I am 
 proud of it. I made it all by hard work 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is it not true that most of the money you have 
 made you ha^'o made from political and other ptropaganda? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. No, sir. 
 
 Senator STERLING. Did you make any of it by speculation? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Very little. I never bought anything on 
 margin in my life. I do not believe in it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. All that you have made yo»:^ have made from your 
 own personal efforts? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes ; and in ^ood investments. Here, Se- 
 nator, I believe that will interest yoa in my feelinigs. This was the 
 first loan, when America was prc-tty well divided. I subscribed and 
 paid for that (handing paipecr co the chairman). 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. ^!'ou want this to go into the record? 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Yes, sir; if the Senator wiU Ipermit it to be 
 put in the record. 
 
 SeUator OVERMAN. This subscription is of Anglo-French bonds? 
 
 Mr. HAMM'illRLING. Yes ; and I was one of the 8 or 10 managers 
 who vas-^/f it a success. 
 
 -^The letter referred to is heire printed in the record in full as 
 xollows :) 
 
 H.AMMERLING KXHTBIT No. 158. 
 
 THF LIBERTY NATIONAL BANK OF NEW YORK, 
 
 October 26, 1915- 
 
 LOUIS N. HAM.MERl^ING, Esq., 
 
 924 Woolworth Building, New York City. 
 
 DEAR SIR: We hereby acknowled,;?e receipt of the full payment, namely — 
 $98.0.00.00, of your subscription to $100,000.00 Anglo-French 5% Loan of October 
 inth, and it is our understanding- thai you do not wish to withdraw your share 
 of the bonds from the Syndicate. 
 
 We, therefore, tender you thi s letter to use as a temporary receipt during 
 the life of the Syndicate and to be surrendered to lis a,t the expiration of the 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 615 
 
 same Avhen we shall be glad to make the adjustment in accordance with the 
 terms of the Underwriting Agreement. 
 
 Yours very truly, L,. W. KNOWLES, 
 
 Assistant Cashier, 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. Can I ask the honorable Senator to permit 
 me to read a few lines and communicate what I have done during 
 this war? 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Yes ; or if you want to put it in the record 
 you may do so. 
 
 Mr. ILzVMMERLING. This is a few important things. 
 Senator OVERMAN. If you do not want to read it, you can put 
 it in the record 
 
 Mr. HAMMERLING-. I have it all in my memorandum here. The 
 reiporter could not read it. It is all scratched up. It is not readable, 
 Senator. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Give it to the stenoigrapher or read it. 
 Mr. HAMMERLING. On the 12th of May, 1913, we got the pub- 
 lishers together and presented to the President a memorial to express 
 their devotion to the Nation. That is, on my iastance. I havei shown 
 you a letter about subscribing, in August, 1915, to the Anglo-Freneli 
 loan. I subscribed to the Dominion of Canada loan also, which was 
 the next loan. T handled the advertising cannpaign for Lee Hig- 
 ginson & Co., Senator, on the Italian loan in the Italian papers. It 
 was not successful with the American people, and I placed it with 
 the Italians and sold it. 
 
 I took part in the movement for the protection of the ipfcople dur- 
 ing the war, a safety-first movement. I was invited to submit a form 
 of work, and not only that, but we had a campaign through the 
 papers ; I personally contributed $2,400 to hire a man to -write the 
 stuff for our papers. I got 450 papers to contribnte $75,000 worth 
 of space, and we supfplied the copy, for the work of the United States 
 Government. The space was used by the Treasury'- Department for 
 liberty loans, bv the war savings, by the War Deipartment for adve!r- 
 tisements and different things, the Navy Department, and the Labor 
 Department, etc. This is what I have done. It would have cost the 
 Government a couple of million dollars. I traveled from one end of 
 the country to the other to make speeches on the request of the dif- 
 ferent departments, for which I have letters from the Treasury De- 
 partment, etc. In 1916 I traveled, under the auspices of the National 
 Security League, all over the country and made speeches in the same 
 way. 
 
 I organized, on the request of the different reserve districts, com- 
 mittees of the different racels to help and assist in the sale of war- 
 savings stamps, and I have letters of acknowledgment from the dif- 
 ferent directors. 
 
 I have purchased bonds in every libert37--bond drive myself, have 
 been a member of the committees to the limit, and I think when 
 my fortune is cheeked ujp' you will find that the majority of what I 
 possess in the United States to'-day is iji liberty bonds. 
 
 I. also had every one of the em^ployees in my office to subscri'b'e, 
 with the guaranty that they would never lose money; if the bond 
 goes down they would always cash in w'ith me and get interest; and 
 during one of the liberty-bond drives we presented each of the em- 
 ployees with a bond, because they said they could not afford to take 
 it. ^ 
 
616 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 In November, 1917, I succeeded with friends, maybe 100 of them 
 who joined me, and sent 21,000 Christmas presents to the American 
 soldiers, and Gen. Pershing sent me a letter that I would not give 
 up for the world. These 21,000 present,^ consisted each of 200 ciga- 
 rettes in a package, 10 packages of smoking tobacco^ and 10 packages 
 of chewing tobacco, and a letter. I contributed the majority of the 
 money for that myself. I am iproud of it, 
 
 Now% my wife has two first cousins as officers in the Italian Army, 
 and I can give you the names if the Senate wants them. We con- 
 tributed $12,000 and purchased for them — it was on the request of 
 one of the relatives of the King — through the Italian Chamber of 
 Commerce of New York, of which I am a member, and we sent for 
 that money, for which I have a receipt, 10,400,000 cigarettes. "We 
 bought them at wholesale. 
 
 I also contributed cigarettes to the Polish and Bohemian volun- 
 teers, at tlie request of Mr. Marburg and Mr. Padereiwski. 
 
 I also contributed personally, and I have the receipts here with 
 me, to every movement of the Tied Cross, all the way from $2,500 to 
 $750. To the last campaign, $2,500 I gave. 
 
 I also contributed sipecially, for the reason that the different races 
 asked me, to the Polish victim relief fund so much a month, and 1 
 contributed to the Knights of Columbus, to the Jewish relief fund, 
 and to the Italian relief fund right along. 
 
 "When Russia threw over the Czar, I thought it was a timely thing 
 to do, and I called the publishers of New York together, and said, 
 *'Let us send these people a cable of encouragement"; and after 
 speaking five or six hours, two of the publishers insulted me and 
 would not sign it, and we sent it, and were very proud that we did it. 
 There is a Russian ipaper which was published by a man by the 
 name of Leon Trotsky, one of the worst destructors in the world to- 
 day. He is now at the head of the Russian peo|ple. He was not 
 known, A\^hen he was in New York, for what he was. He was twice 
 in my office, and he would not see anybody but me, and he not only 
 made statement and threatened to organize unions to destroy manu- 
 factures, but threatened to take my life. 
 Senator OVERMAN. Who is that? 
 
 Mr HAMMERLING. Leon Trotsky, M^ho is now the foreign mini- 
 ster of Russia. I finally took him by the neck, one time, and he had 
 rn a rubber collar, and I cut my hand — the people in my office wil 
 remember; he used to wear a collar made of rubber, and I cut my 
 hand ; and I threw him out ; and that paper, I reported to the Gov- 
 ernment — the Department of Justice, rather — that they would not 
 accept a paid advertisement offered by the second Liberty Bond com- 
 mittee, and they would not take it; and the Dejpartment of Justice 
 called the men in, and they said they would not take it ; it was true ; 
 and they put them out of business. 
 
 I reported other papers, of which the Department of Justice has 
 the record. 
 
 I was asked by Mr. Fosdick, the chairman of the war activities, 
 to see if I would publish articles in the foreign-language papers, 
 teaching them that it is more dishonoraible to bring home a disease 
 than to' be defeated in battle, and I agree with Mr. Fosdick, and I 
 traveled about the United States at my own expense; we wrote arti- 
 cles, and I myself paid for --'he transjpiortation. Then Mr. Fosdick 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 617 
 
 asked me if I would supply matter for the newspapers in the differ- 
 emt languages, to assist these peiople that could not talk English, and 
 to pick papers that were 100 per cent American, and the records will 
 show, in Mr. Fosdick's files, he picked the papers, and some matter 
 was submitted and they found it was 0. K. and we did the work, and 
 are keeping it u|p to-day. We pay, and do all that work, and we send 
 out to 60 some papers matter, with a coujple of new features each 
 day. I am not saying this for bragging. I think it is little enough — 
 for what this country has given me the opportunity to do. I do not 
 want any particular credit for it. 
 
 In Ajugust, 1918, the Labor Bureau was organized, and a repre;- 
 sentative came down from the Secretary of Labor and asked me if I 
 could put out an advertising camjpiaign making these people under- 
 stand what the pieople mean with this Labor Bureau, so that they 
 do not get fooliiSh and move and do things. I immediately sent out 
 a letter to these papers showing what this meant, and the respon&e 
 was that 812 pages were given fre/e for the United States Govern- 
 ment, with the advertisements that the Labor Department sent them 
 The letter that I read here from the Provost Marshal Gretneral they 
 allowed a page, a half page, or a quarter of a page, which their papers 
 insert free. 
 
 I sent a letter,' and it is in the hands of the War Department, to 
 the foreign-language pap^ers, requesting them to give to the Govern 
 rnent of the United States a page free regarding the last draft, and 
 600 pages of free advertising were given to the Government. 
 
 Now, this is what I have done for the country that I love, and peo- 
 ple are trying to show that that is different. I have made- mistakes, 
 gentlemen, and if justice is done me, ail right; and if not, I want to 
 be punished ; and I want to thank you for giving me the opportunity 
 to show how I have suffered for two years. My child fell out of the 
 nurse's arms, and died as a result ; and my v/ife has been ill since that. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Is there anything else, Major? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Not with the witness, except two or three exhibits 
 I want put in the record. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Do you want to offer those for the record? 
 
 Maj. HUMES- If it is your purpose to continue the session a 
 while longer, we have a very short witness we could put on. 
 
 Senator NELSON. It is after 12 o'clock now, Mr. Chairman. 
 
 Senator OA^ERMAN. We will take an adjournment at this point 
 until half past two. 
 
 (At 12:10 o'clock p. m., the subcommittee took a recess until 2.30 
 o'ciloek p. m.) 
 
 The following paipers, submitted by Mr. Hammerling, are here 
 printed in the record : 
 
 TIAMMEP:iiTNG I'JXHIBIT No. 159. 
 (American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Inc.) 
 
 CHICAGO, ILL., November 8. 1915. 
 MR. PERCY ANDREA E, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III- 
 
 MY DEAR MR. ANDRPJAE: WUi won please sign the enclosed contract and 
 send one copy to me at the Blackstone Hotel as I want to take it home with 
 me. The other copy is for yotir files. 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION ' OF FOREIGN 
 
 LANGL''AGB NEWSPAPERS. IKC. 
 By LOUIS N. HAMMERLING, President. 
 
618 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 (American Association of Foreign Lanscnage Newspapers, Inc.) 
 
 NEW YORK, October 13, 1915. 
 MR. PERC"£ ANDREAE, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, HI- 
 DEAR MR. ANDREAE: We are in receipt of your letter of October 11th 
 enclosing- article for the American Leader. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 LOUIS N. HAMMERLING. 
 President. 
 
 (American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, Inc.) 
 
 NEW YORK, June 10th, 1914. 
 MR. PERCY ANDREAE, 
 
 3357 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago, HI- 
 DEAR SIR: We beg to acknowledge, with thanks, receipt of your letter 
 of the 8th inst. enclosing check for $24.00 in payment of our invoice rendered 
 June 6th. Enclosed herewith please find receipted bill. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OP FOREIGN 
 LANGUAGE NEWSPAPERS. INC. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 A duly authenticated eo^iy of the naturalization petition and 
 records of Louis N. Hammerling is, by dii'ection of the committee, 
 here printed in the record, as f oUows : 
 
 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 
 
 ■ State of Pennsylvania, Luzerne County, ss: 
 
 In the court of quarter sessions of Luzerne County. 
 
 Be It remembered, That on this eleventh day of November, Anno Domini one 
 thousand nine hundred and one (1901) Louis N. Hammerling an Alien and a 
 Native of Hawaii having comijlied with all the Acts of Congrotss respecting 
 tne .*>Jai:iiralizaiion of Aliens, was sworn and admitted as a .ntizen of the 
 Uniied States and of said Commonwealth. 
 
 In eatimony Whereof. I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the seal of 
 the Court of Wilkes- Barre. this Fourth day ot June. 1918. 
 
 GEORGE WAGNER, 
 Clerk of Quarter Sessions. 
 
 Petition without previous written declaration of intention 
 To the hon.irable Judges of the Court of Common Pleas of Luzerne ("ounty: 
 The petition of (a) Lojis N. Hammerling, an alien, hereby app.ying to be 
 admitted to become a citizen of The United States, respectfully Represents: 
 
 1. That his present place of residence is (b) S79 South River in the City of 
 Wilkes-Barre, county of Luzerne and .State of Pennsylvania; and that the 
 name of his proposed witness in support of this application is James H. Shea, 
 who resides at 299 South St. in the City Wilkes-Barre, County of Luzerne 
 and Statei aforsaid. 
 
 2. That the petitioner was born in the 21st day of March A. D. 1874 in the 
 (c) town of(c) Waipahn in the (c) State of (c) Ohau in the (c) Kingdom 
 (c) of Hawaii, and is now over twenty-one years of age, to wit, of +he °ge of 
 27 years. 
 
 3.That he arrived in the United States of America, to wit, at the Port of 
 Sanfrancisco in the 20th day of May A. D. 1885. at which time he was a 
 subject of the (d) Kingdom of (d) Hawaii under the age of eighteen years, 
 and that he had not since acquired citizenship under any other foreign govern- 
 ment. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 619 
 
 - 4. That he has never borne any hereditary title, or been of any of the orders 
 of nobility, of the kingdom or state from which he came, (e) He has not 
 
 5. That no court of the United States or of any of the states thereof has 
 ever refused, upon application of the petitioner, to admit him to become a 
 citizen of the United States. (f> They have not 
 
 6. That he has for the continued term of five years at least next preceding 
 the time of making' this application, and ever since his arrival as aforesaid, 
 including- three years next preceding his arriving at the age of twenty- 
 one years, actually resided within the United States of America and not 
 elsewhere, and within the Commonwealth of Pennsyvania for the continued 
 term of one year at least, and that doing all of said continued term of five 
 years Le had constantly behaved as a man of good moral character, attached 
 to thel principles of the Constittition of the United States, and well disposed to 
 the good order and happiness of the same. 
 
 7. That for the continued term of two years next preceding the date of 
 making this application, it has been and it now is the bona fide intention of 
 the petitioner to become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce for- 
 ever all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign ])rince, potentate, state or sover- 
 eignty, particularly to the Kingdom of Hawaii of which he has been a subject. 
 
 The petitioner therefore prays that he may he admitted to become a citizen 
 of ithe United States, and he will ever pray etc. 
 
 LOUTS N. HAMMBRLING. 
 Witness-; 
 
 JAS. H. SHEA 
 
 LUZERNE COUNTY, ss.: 
 
 Louis N. Hammerling the petitioner above named, being duly sworn ac- 
 cording to law, deposes and says. tha,t the several facts set forth to the fore- 
 going petition, are true and correct 
 
 Sworn and subscribed before me this 4 day of Oct. A D. 1901. 
 
 LOUIS N. HAMMERLING. 
 REESE LLOYD. 
 Clerk Q. S. 
 
 AFFIDAVIT Oli' WITNESS. 
 
 LUZERNE COUNTY, ss : 
 
 James H. Shea being duly sworn according to law, deposes and says: that 
 he resides in the City of Wilkes -Barre in the County of Luzelrne and State 
 of Fennsyalvania: that he is now and has been for the last three months and 
 OA'^er a citizen of the Ignited States; that he has continuously been acquainted 
 wiht the foregoing named petitioner evei- since the latter arrived in the United 
 States: that for the continued term of at least five years next preceding the 
 date hereof and ever since the arrival of the petitioner in the United States 
 as aforesaid, including three years at least of the latter's minority, the said 
 petitioner has actually resided in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for the 
 continuous period of at least one j'^ear of said term, that during the con- 
 tinued term of five years la,«t past, the petitioner has constantly behaved as a 
 man of good moral cliaracter, attached to the principles of the constitution 
 of the United tates, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of 
 the same; that as deponent verily believes, the said petitioner is now over the 
 age of twenty- one years, and was under the age of eighteen years at the 
 time of his arrival in the United States as aforesaid- and that for the con- 
 tinued term of two years nxt preceding the date hereof f. it has been the 
 bona fide intention of said petitioner to become a. citizen of the United States. 
 
 JAMES H;-.) SHEA. 
 
 Sworn and subscribed in open court, this llth day of Nov. A. D. 1901 
 
 JOHN M. BAUSCH, 
 
 Prothonotary. 
 Pro clerk. 
 
620 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 OATH AND f-JENTINCJATION OP PETITIONER. 
 
 LUZERN COUNTY, ss.: 
 
 I. Louis N. Hammerling- the foreg-oing named petitioner, do. on my solemn 
 oath, declarei; that I will support tlie constitution of the United States and the 
 Constitution of the Common wealh of Pennsylvania; that I do hereby renounce 
 and relinquish any title or order of nobility to Avhich I am or hereafter may be 
 entitled; that for the continued term of two years next preceding the date of 
 making this application, it has been and it now is my bona fide intention to 
 become a citizen of the United States, and to renounce forever, and I do abso- 
 lutely and entirely renounce find abjure, all allgiance and fidelity to every 
 foreign prince, potentate, state or sovereignty wliatever, — particularly to King- 
 dom of Hawaii of which I have been a subject. 
 
 LOUIS N. HAMMERLING. 
 
 Sv/orn and subscribed in open court, this 11 day of Nov. A. D. 1901. 
 
 .JOHN M. BAUSCH, 
 
 Prothonotary. 
 Pro clerk. 
 
 ^No. 744 Term ISOl.) 
 
 Petition of Louis N. Hammerling (arriving under 18 years) of "Wilkes -Barre, 
 Pa., for admission to citizenship. Piled Oct. 4, 1901, proposed Witness James 
 H. Shea, residing at "Wilkes -Barre. County of Luzerne. Now, Nov. 11, 1901 
 after hearing, the application of the petitioner lo be admitted to become a citi- 
 zen of the United States is Granted By the Court. 
 
 JAMES H. SHEA, 
 
 Attorney for petitioner. 
 
 Certified from the records this 4th day of June, A. D. 1918. 
 
 GEORGE WAGNER, 
 Cierk of Quarter Sessions. 
 
 Per PRANK J. KEISER, 
 
 Deputy Clerk. 
 
 Explanations. 
 
 fa) Insert name of petitioner, legibly and in full, and also carefully and 
 legibly fill in all blank spaces for dates, places, etc, thougli no reference be 
 there made to these explanations. 
 
 <b) In first space of this paragraph insert the number of the house and the 
 name of the street or alley, if the petitioner resides in a city or Borough bat 
 if not, leave that space blank; also observe the directions in corresponding 
 space for number of house and name of street or alley, in the case of the pro- 
 posed witness. 
 
 (c) These six spaces, each marked (c) must be filled so as to indicate, first 
 the nanne of the city, town or village where the petitioner was born, or if not 
 born in either, the name of the smllanicu.stemop,nHRDLUUPPUPPPUPP 
 born in either, the name of the smallest municipal or territorial subdivision 
 in which the place of birth, on the one hand, and on the other is one of 
 tlie first governmental sub-divisions of the ultimate republic, kingdom empire 
 or country to to which the place of birth belongs: third, the name of such 
 ultimate republicch or kingdom., or other designation, as the case may be. To 
 illustrate the meaning above intended, if a petitioner were born in Lemberg, 
 in Galicia, his petition should read that he wa shorn "In the City of Lemberg, 
 in the Province of Galicia. in the Empire of Austro -Hungary." 
 
 (d) Insert the name of the republic, kingdom or empire as the case may be, 
 of which the petitioner was a subject at the time of his arrival. 
 
 (e) If petitioner has borne any hereditary title, ar been, etc., add the word 
 "excepting" an dstate title, etc.. definitely and in full. 
 
 (f) If the fact be otherwise, state what court refused to admit, the date 
 thereof, and the reason assigned, if any. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 621 
 
 AFTERNOON SESSION. 
 
 The committee reconvened, pursuant to the taking of the recess, at 
 2.30 o'clock p. m. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. DUSHAN POPOVICH. 
 
 (The witness was sworn by the Chairman.) 
 
 Maj. HUME^:. Where do you live, Mr. Popovich? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. No. 207 East Nineteenth Street, New York City 
 
 Maj. HTJMiLS. What is your business? 
 
 Mr. POPOVxCH. I am a printer, pulblisheir, and editor of a Serbian 
 newspaper. 
 
 Maj. HUME'S. What is the name of hat newsjpaper? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. In English it means the Ser-bian Sentinel. 
 
 Maj. HUME'^' How long have you been in the publishing business? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Seventeen years. 
 
 Maj. HTTMES. Is youi' paper a daily or a weekly^ 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. It is a weekly. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. A weeldy paper? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Are you acquainted with Mr. Louis N. Hammer- 
 iing? 
 
 Mr. P0P0\*JCH. Since he started that association of foreign- 
 language nefw.-»!t apers. He came to my office asking me — ^this was 
 about 10 years ago — I am not quite sure how long it is. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. POPOVi^CH. He came to me asking me if I would take an 
 advertisement for my paper. I said, "Oh, yes; why not?" So that 
 he asked me for rates. I told him my rate, I think 25 cents per inch, 
 and he brought right away advertisements, and I can't say how much, 
 but he paid me. Every first, in the morning, there was a bill and 
 check in the mail, over there, all the time. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you taike a part or purchase any stock in the 
 American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes. He said to me that I can get advertise- 
 ments from him under one condition only, if I buy shares in this aisso- 
 eiation, so that I said to him that I don't wamt to buy any shares; I 
 have no money for buying shares. I don't know the man, and to 
 come right away and ask me to buy a hundred dollars of stock — so 
 that he says, "You must not pay that. I will give you advertise- 
 ments, aod every month I will deduct so much, and I vrill give yoti 
 the shares." So that in that Avay I got the advertisements and they 
 were paid, and in the sanie way T g'ot the shares, too — -two shares. 
 
 Maj HUMES The two shares that you got were of the preferred 
 Btock ? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes ; of the preferred stock. I have one of them 
 here (handing stock certificate to the chairman). 
 
 Senator 0V3EMAN. This is one celrtif icate ? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes. One I sold, about a year ago. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You sold one. What did you get for itt 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. $100. 
 
 Senator OVERMAr. You got par for it? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. X .old to Mr. Franz Zotti. 
 
622 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Now, Mr. Popovich, from the time that you bought 
 tliis stock u(p until the spring of 1905, how much did you receive a 
 month, on an average, for advertising for Mr. Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. From the beginning I did not get much. I got 
 about — I don't remember exactlj^ — from $15 to $25 a month, and 
 gradually it w as always more and more, so that I had up until he put 
 that appeal before me that I should sign — I had then about $70 or $80 
 a month; and he sent Mr. Gabriel — ^should I continue about that? 
 
 Maj. HIJMES. Yes ; just go ahead and tell about that transaction. 
 
 Mr. POPOYiOH. Hd sent Mr. Gabriel to me. There are two Mr. 
 Gabriels in his office — ithere were two^ — I think two brothers; one 
 who is now here. I thinls: it is his brother, He came to my office at 
 o48 Second Avenue one afternoon, as much as I retmember; after 
 dinner, and said to me, "Mr. Popovich, please sigai that. Mr. Ham- 
 merling would like if you would sign it." So that before I sign 
 something I want to see what I am signing, and I started to read one 
 line, two lines, three lines, and then is was perfectly clear to me what 
 it is. I read a little further, and so I found out that he wants that 
 I should sign an appeal to the American people that they should 
 Slop manufacturing munitions and stop sending munitions to our 
 allies. As a good Ser*bian, and a good American citizen, too, I got 
 angry right away, and I said to him, in high words, ''Mr. Gabriel, 
 tell to Mr. Hammerling that Mr. PopovieJj will never sign that." 
 
 Senator NELSON. Whom did you say that to? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. To Mr. Gabriel, his reipresentative, who brouglit 
 that to me. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yes. 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. And as soon as he went o'^ the street, after tAvo 
 or three minutes, I took the telephone receiver and I telephoned right 
 away to the Serbian Vallie, to Mr. Rankovich. I said to him, "Mr. 
 Rankovich, was Mr. Gabriel in your office today?" He said, "No." 
 I said, ""Well, he is coming right away He is coming in a fcM- 
 minutes to get you to sign something, and you may' not look at it. Do 
 not sign what he will bring there. You are a busy man, and maybe 
 you will not look at it ; he is giving you so many advertisements every 
 month and maybe you will be careless and sign that, and it is against 
 our Serbian-American interests" — and I told him what it is — "and 
 I lease inform your interpreter right away" — there is an interpreter 
 on the da'ly Serbian papers — "and let them know not to do that"; 
 and he did that, he infomed the daily Serbian papers, and I saw in an 
 editorial he wrote the next day, or a few days later, I found out 
 that the Boher^ian papers had sent letters right away throughout the 
 country to the other Bohemian papers that thej^ should not sign this 
 appeal. 
 
 So that this was not enough for me, that I have telephoned to Mr. 
 Rankovich, and I telephoned right away to Mr. Hammerling too, and 
 said that "as a member of our association I am protesting that you 
 should send to the members to sign something like that." Then he 
 said to me, "Well, Mr. Popovich, you can do w^hat you want to, but 
 I adAase 3^ou that if you do not sign this appeal you will be sorry for 
 that." These are the words he said to me. Now, I know why I can 
 be sorry. The only thing is, I can lose money I am getting for adver- 
 tising of tobacco and cigars and all kinds of things that he is sending 
 to me; and really it did not last long. In the nest two or three 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 623 
 
 months, gradually — of comrse he did not stop all advertisements at 
 once, but in a very short time, I do not rememiber exactly how many 
 days, but in three or four months or four or five months — he drops 
 from $70 or $80 a month to $4 a month, and taking his 10 per cent 
 for his service. I got about $3.60 advertising from him. Since about 
 two months, I have not a cent, and I am not sorry for that, because 
 as a Serbian, and as a good American citizen, I could not sign that; 
 never. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know as to whether or not the other Ser- 
 bian papers and the Bohemian papers you referred to were treated 
 in the same way that you were. 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. I found out through the Serbian Va:llie ; he wrote 
 an editorial about that, praising me, that I was such a good American 
 and such a good Serbian patriot too, that I didn't sign that, and that 
 I informed him, that he should not sign, too, because maybe he was in 
 a hurry and h-= might do something like that ; and then he mentioned 
 — he inf(>rmed the Bohemian papers, and I don't remember exactly, 
 about twenty, or how many papeirs they informed throughout the 
 country, the daily papers and the Bohemian daily papers, so that 
 they did not sign that appeal. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Do you know whether or not the advertising was 
 withdrawn from those other papers just as it was withdrawn from 
 you? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. No; it was withdrawn jnst from me; just from 
 me, because I clared to call him Ujp on the phone and tell him in high 
 words that I am protesting against that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Yes. 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. So that I think that he wanted to show me how 
 strong' he is and how nothing I am. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have any understanding or agreement 
 with Mr. Hammerling with relation to the translation of the personal- 
 liberty articles appearing in the Leader? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. I do not know exactly the time when he started 
 to place these personal-liberty articles in his Leader, but at that time 
 he sent again ]Mr. Gabriel, who is just now here. He came again 
 and brought me in my office translations, English articles, and said, 
 **Mr. Poipovich, you translate that and you will get $10 a month for 
 the translations, and send us 10 proofs": and as I was reading 1 
 would not translate anything that is not loyal to the American Gov- 
 ernment, but leally I did not find in those articles I translated, my- 
 self, nothing else ; just that on account of a few drunkards, why they 
 should stop a sane man who is drinking just a little, maybe, one glass 
 a day of beer — why they should stop him, why they should take his 
 driook away: that if he wants to drink a glass of beier, not to drink it. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Yes. In other words, the translation you did was 
 of the personal-liberty articles that were printed in the Leader under 
 the name of Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes; the same thing. 
 
 Maj. HUMES For how long a period of time did you continue 
 that translating? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. I am sorrj'- that I do not remember; but I know 
 that it went on more than a year — I think about two years. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. For about two years you did that? 
 
624 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes, sir; I think so. 
 Maj. HUMES. And yoa got $10 a month for that? 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes; $10 a month. And I hear yesterday he got 
 $200 a month, for that from the Setrbian administration and that he 
 was paid separately for those 10 proofs, mailing them; so that I see 
 he did me wrong. He is a rich man and I am struggling very hard 
 since 20 years. I have a little printing office, where I slpient aborat 
 $20,000 for three linotype machines, and so on, old machinery, and f. 
 don't know whether it is worth now $5,000; and after spending my 
 whole life on it — and he takes from me these few dollars ; and I see 
 
 now 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you at any period during j'-our acquaintance 
 with Hammerling learn as to what his nationality was and what his 
 setntiments were? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes, sir. 
 Maj. HUMES. T\^hat was that? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. The first time I M'as in his office to inquire more 
 about details of these shares and how it will be bought, I went in the 
 World Building, where he had an office, and then he was asking me 
 what I am. I said, "I am a Serbian"; and I was, naively, asking 
 him, too, what he is. He said, ''I am an Austrian, and I am proud 
 of it that T am an Austrian." 
 
 Senator NELSON. An Austrian? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. Yes ; and he is proud of it that he is an Austrian ; 
 so that, of course, I didn't say anything, but Serbians do not like, 
 much, Austrians; but he brought the advertisements for the whole of 
 America ; and there is so many people in America, Hungarians, Jews, 
 and everything, so that I can not open my feelings Avhat I have in 
 myself wliat I feel as to those peoiple. I had to leave it to them. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. From your experience as a newspaper man and 
 publisher and a member of the American Association of Foreign Lan- 
 guage Newspapers, will you state what control Mr. Hanunerling 
 exercised over them and how he exercised it? 
 
 Mr. POPOVICH. I do not know anything about his dealings, be- 
 cause I was not his favorite. I was not in his confidence ; but he 
 would tell me v bat he was doing. I know only so much that he sent 
 me contracts for advertisements and he sent me the bill for it; but 1 
 don't know. I could see through that he is the whole association, 
 because, after those words, I wrote him two letters asking him, "Mr. 
 Hammerling. how does it happen that, as a shareholder — I have two 
 shares — T was never called on for meeting* ; to see what you are doing 
 and what others are doing there, in the association; and I think, as 
 a shareholder, I am entitled to know what they are doing*. If they 
 are doing wrong, or something, I would not be a member." So that 
 he answered me, "I am not preventing yo uthat should not come in 
 our meetings. \Ye are announcing our yearly meetings in the news- 
 papers." Now, I saw that it is useless that I should write him more 
 letters, because there are thousands and thousands of newspapers. 
 In the United States, and 865 days in the year, and I should look now 
 all over to find out where he is announcing the yearly meetings ; and 
 I saw that I e^n not do anything with him, because in that Leader T 
 ^aw prominent members — American high officers — who are writing 
 in his paper. I saw in the papers that he gave a dinner, too, in the 
 Knickerbocker Hotel: and there was Mr. Cortelyou, his friend — he 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 625 
 
 said so^ — and many otliers; so that I said, ''What can I do against 
 him? He is a power." I had to shut my mouth and be satisfied 
 with those advertisements what he is giving me. Anyhow, I would 
 ne/ver g'et those advertisements what he is giving me of the American 
 Tobacco Co., and some sirup, and all kinds. I would never come tO' 
 those people and I would never be able to get those, because many 
 Americans they do not know even that the Serbians are living in the 
 Uni/ted States. It is very hard to get advertisemnts. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is all, Mr. Popovich, unless some member of 
 the committee wants to ask you questions. 
 
 Senator OVEErMAN. Stand asidei. Call the next witness. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. ARTHUR GABRIEL. 
 
 (The witness was sworn by the Chairman.) 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where do you live? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No. 117 Avenue B, New York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You are acquainted with Mr. Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you ever connected with Mr. Hammerling of 
 the American Association of Foreig-n Language Newspapers? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I was acquainted with Mr. Hamm'eirling from Fe- 
 bruary 7, 1909, untia November 7, 1917. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In what capacity were you connected with him 
 during that time ? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. During that period I went through practically 
 every position in the association, from office boy up to assistant 
 treasurer, I was office boy, secretary, assistant treasurer, and vice 
 presldetnt. 
 
 Maj. HUMJES. During what period of time were you vice presi- 
 dent? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I was vice president about a period of three years ; 
 the last three years — that is about from 1914 to 1917, or two and a 
 half years. I do not rem^ember the exact time. 
 
 Maj. HTUMES. Will you tell us v>'hat the nature of the corporatioHj, 
 the American Association of Foreign Language Nevs^pajp^ers, was — 
 what it was composed of and what its purposes and activities werel 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Weill, as far as I know, during my connection 
 their purpose was simply to solicit adve'rtilsing from the various large 
 corporations in the countr;,^, and to take action on any matters 
 pertaining to foreigners, such as any legislative matter that may 
 come up befor!> the Senate or Congress of the United States; to co- 
 oiperate in every which way with the advertiser in regard to his 
 products, like, for instance, some Statels were voting against the ciga- 
 rette bill, or to sto(p the sale of cigarettes or snuff ; to go dov^m to 
 those States and help these cigarette and tobacco companies to have 
 that bill defeated ; practically, to help the advertiser in every which 
 way. For instance, if a 'Strike should occur with some concern like 
 the Standard Oil Co. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was that handled through the foreign-language 
 newspapers in the locality where the legislation was pending"? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yels. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Or where the labor difficulty existed? 
 
626 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. GAI3ETEL. Yes; going to tliat locality. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. And the foreign-language newspaipers were -used 
 as the vehicle for prolpaganda work and for opposing legislation that 
 was detrimental to the advertising? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Besides the ordinary solicitors for advertising, was 
 there a field force connected v/ith the association? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. What do yon mean by a field force? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I mean did the employees of the association go out 
 in the field to take an active part among the publishers of foreign- 
 language nev/spapers, to influence or dominate their political acti^vi- 
 ties among foreignei^? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. The only m.an we had going out in the field was 
 Mr. E H. Jaudon. He was the only man that would go out, on any 
 ■question that might arise, among the foreign publications to try and 
 influence the publishers on any matter, whatever it might be, which 
 would be arranged accoriding to the instructions Mr, Hammerling 
 wouid give. That was about the only man we had going out among 
 the publishers. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. Did Mr. Hamm'crling himself go? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Mr. Hammetrling would quite often go to see the 
 publishers. Three or four times each year he would travel, moslily 
 not far west of St. Louis. That was about as far as he went. Some- 
 times he went to San Francisco. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Was any effort made to promote the interests of 
 advertisers through the influence of charitable or beneficial organi- 
 zations ? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Not that T remember 
 
 Maj. HUMES There have been some bills from the association 
 offered in evidence here showing dinners that were given and ban- 
 quets that were given to priests and others at various times. 
 
 Mr. GABRIl^L. The only banquet I remember given to a priest 
 was at the Plaza Hotel. That was in 1916, I believe in November, to 
 the Monsignor Jelatsky. He was just then given the monsignorshijp 
 by Cardinal Parley. At that dinner Cardinal Farley was present, 
 and of course some of the priests, and Dr. Rume'ly and Mr. Hammer- 
 ling and myselj;. That was the only dinner I ever attended where 
 priests were present. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You know nothing about these dinners that were 
 paid for by Audreae, then? 
 
 Mr. GABRir^lL. No, sir; nothing at all. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. There was presented to the committee this morn- 
 ing by Mr. Hammerling an editorial that ajpipeared in the edition of 
 the American Leader of August ] 3, 1914. Were you a vice president 
 of the company at that time? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Will you tell us the circumstances under which 
 that editorial was .poiblished and the occurences following the ipub- 
 lication? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I remember that editorial distinctily, because it 
 dealt with the Slav question. Of course I am of Polish extraction, 
 although born here, so that Mr. C aid well, who was vice president of 
 the company at that time, said "Gabriel, come on over; I want to 
 show you something I am trying to put in the Leader"; so that he 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 627 
 
 reaid to me what he had been -writing; so that he asked nue for some 
 information on the Slav question. I said, "Caldwell, that is kind of 
 strong." He said, "I don't care; I am goinig to jam it through"; so 
 that he put the article in the Ijeiader. J^fter that article was pub- 
 lished Mr. Mom and came to me — at that time Mr. Hammerling had 
 been in Europe and Mr. Momand came to me — and he said, ''Gabrieili, 
 don't you think that that article was kind of strong, and wouldn't 
 agree with Mr. Hammerling 's ideas?" I said, "I do not think so. 
 This entire article seems to be iproally." He said, "It might affect 
 some of our publishers"; and so he called in Caldwell, and we had 
 a conference, the three of us, and at that conference it was decided 
 that the three of us should go to all the publications in the city of 
 New York which we thought were (pro-Austrian, and ajpiologize ; Mr. 
 Caildwell would take all the blame and we would apologize to the 
 publishers, tliat this article has been put in the American Leader 
 without, Hammerling's knowledge and that Caldwell was held re- 
 sponsible for the entire article. 
 
 Ma.i. HUMES. How long after that article was it that Hammer- 
 ling returned to this eountrj^? 
 
 Mr. Gabriel. Mr. Hammerling returned some time the end of 
 August. It was that month because I myself met him at the pier 
 with Mliss Leffler. 
 
 Maj. HUMIjG. Was there any discussion of this editoriai after 
 Mr. Hammer*ling returned? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes ; we immediately went in and I explained the 
 case to him and told him what we had done, that we had gone around 
 to the Hungarian publications, in fact, Mr. Berko and Mr. Horwarth. 
 and explained the situation to them, and he called in Caldwell and 
 gave him a reprimand, and after that all the ptroofs of articles that 
 were iput in the Leader — that is, the galley proofs, that is before they 
 were sent for final printing — ^were 0. K.'d by three people in the 
 office. At that time it was Mr. Momand, Miss Leffl'er, and Caldlvell 
 himself. That was so as not to allow anything to slip in the Leadei* 
 that would not be passeid by these three people. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You said there that Hammerling criticized 
 what had been done. You said he criticized what had been done 
 when he came back. 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes; he rejprimanded Mr. Caldwell. 
 
 Senator NELSON. For what? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. For putting the article in, stating that it was too 
 long and that it would hurt some of our editors like the Hungarian 
 editors ; and that is why he made the rule' that the three peo|p!le should 
 sign the galley proofs. 
 
 Senator NELSON. He did not claim, then, that they had been 
 published at his instance and request? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Not to me. 
 
 Senator NFJLSON. Or indicate any approval? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Not while I was present ; no. Senator. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Now, will you state if at any time you saw Ambas- 
 sador von Bernstorff come to Mr. Hammerling's office? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. T saw von Bernstorff at Hammerling's office 
 sometime in March, I believe, of 1915. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What was your answer? 
 
628 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. GABEIEL. I saw Ambassador von Bernstorff at Mr. Ham- 
 merling's office some time, I believe, in March or February, 1915, 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was Mr. Hammerling in the office then? 
 
 Mr. Gi\BRIEL. There was a long (private hall, and there were 
 three private offices the doors from which led into this hall, and 
 down at the right of this hail was Mtr. Hammerling's office. My 
 office was the center office, and I ha(ptpened to come out into that 
 private hall and I remember seeing von Bernstorff. I recognized 
 him instantly, because he had this long coat with a Persian-lamb col- 
 lar, I thiiik it is, and he had his hat off and had just stepped into Mr. 
 Hammerling's office. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Mr. Hammerling'f private office? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. His private office. After that I did not see him 
 any more. 
 
 Senator NELSON. How long was he there, so far as you know? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That I do not know. Senator, because from Mr. 
 Hammerling's private office there was an exit to the hall. 
 
 Maj. HUMES State how long after that it was that the activities 
 Avith regard to this aplpeal commenced. 
 
 Mr. GABRTiOL. The activities started some time in March, toward 
 the end of March. It was perhaps two weeks before the alpfpieal ap- 
 peared. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Tell us what you know about that appeal and any 
 conversation that you may have had with Mir. Haramerling relative 
 to that. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Just a moment, Major. I may have been 
 woolgathering myself, but I did not undierstand from this witness 
 how near, in pioint of time, Ambassador von Bernstorff 's visit was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES He said von Bernstorff was there in February or 
 March, and that the activities commenced about two weeks before 
 the appeal v/as published, which would be about the middle of 
 March. 
 
 Senator WOIiCOTT. I did not catch that. 
 
 (The pending question was read by the stenographer.) 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Before the advertising appeal came out I was cal- 
 led into Mr. Hammerling's privatei office ; T believe it was on a Friday 
 evening. He called mie in. alone, and Miss Lcffler was present there, 
 and he said: ''Arthur, I want you to take your wife and take her to 
 Bethlehem, give her a good time, atnid spare no exipense ; take a pri- 
 vate car if necessary. Go there and find out the percentage of for- 
 eig^ners working in the munition plants up there. Go to saloons, go 
 to headquarters, and go to the priests and rabbis if necessary, and 
 bring me back the data there whether they are satisfied with the 
 working conditions, the average earning, what they are earning per 
 v/ee'k, and bring that data back." I did not leave the netst day. I 
 was supposed to leave the next day, but the next day was Saturday; 
 but I left en Sunday morning, and instead of taking my wife I went 
 to a college friend of mine. Dr. Davidson and I said: "Ralph, I am 
 going to South Bethlehem, and I have get the money and will pay 
 all exjpienses, and you come a,long with me." The twa of us went to 
 South Bethlehem, and w^e stayed at the Eagle Hotel up there and 
 got the inform.ation. He went to the Italian priests and spoke with 
 them and g!ot the data on the percentage of Italians there. We 
 finally brought the data back as to how many peiojple there were and 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 629 
 
 whether they were satisfied with coiiiditions ; but we were instracted 
 not to go near the munition plant. So that I believe that I got back 
 Wednesday of that weeik; and all of us boys that were sent on this 
 trip 
 
 Senator NELSON. "Were there others sent at the same time? 
 
 Mr GABRIEL. Oh, yes ; there was a Mr. Dattnei- who was sent to 
 Bridgeport; Mr. G. H. Berg was sent through the New England 
 States; Mr. Momand was sent to Brooklyn; Mr. Leon "Wazeter was 
 sent somewhere in Philadelphia, I belieive; and Henry Gabriel was 
 sent to Utica. 
 
 So that when we came back we all met. Mr. Hammerling ha^p- 
 pened to be away for a few days, and we all met in the Wooiworth 
 in the rathskeller and compared our expense accounts, so that one 
 man who had a shorter trip would not charge more than one who had 
 a longer trip, and then we submitted a bill. In fact, when I pre- 
 sented the bill to Mr. Hammerling he said to me, "Is that aU you 
 spent?" So that then after that we each had a written report as to 
 the percentage, and signed our names. 
 
 Then after that the copy was being prepared in the private office 
 of Mr. Hammerling. 
 
 Senator NELSON. What copy? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Of his appeal to the Americans. That was pre- 
 pared in Mr. Hammerling's office by Mr Momand and himself, and 
 no one knew in the office what was goin on in there. 
 
 .Senator WOLCOTT. Do you know whether Mr. Rumely had any 
 part in the preparation of it? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Dr; Rumeily was quite frequently there, but at 
 the time v/hile this was going on in the private office it was mostly 
 Mr. Hammerling, Mr. Momand, and Mr. Rankin, of the Rankin 
 Agency -fro-day; and I happened to go after that to the Empire City 
 Electrical Co. and happened to see a copy of the appeal, which the 
 Empire Co. was making so that naturally I read the appeal, and when 
 I got to my office G. H. Berkel happened to come in there — in fact, 
 he had his desk in my office also — and my brother was there, pack 
 ing electrotypes, and he came in my office and said he heard on the 
 street that Hammerling was being paid by the Austro-German Gov- 
 ernment. With this information he goeis in to Hammerling. Ham- 
 merling then calls me on the wire — an extension wire^ — and asks me 
 do I know a man named Drewiecksi. I told him yes, because he was 
 the) publisher of the Polish pictorial weekly, the Krij, which means 
 in English "country." He told mp "lat it was charged that he was 
 receiving German money. I told mm across the wire, "Why, Mr. 
 Hammerling, it is an o|pien secret among the Poles in New York that 
 you are supplied by the Austro-German Govei-nment." 
 
 Then about 10 minutes later Mr. Hammerling came to my office 
 with his hat and coat on, and beckoned for me to come into his 
 private office, which I did, and there were Miss Leffler, Mr. Ham- 
 me'riing, and myself alone. Then he spoke of this and said what do 
 I know about it. T said, "That is all I know. That is all I hear 
 among the Polish people here in New York, that you are being paid 
 by the Austrian-German Government." With that he turns to Miss 
 Leffler and asks did she say anything to her sister Margaret. 
 Maj. HUMES. Margaret was also an employee there? 
 
630 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Slie was also an employeie there. She was a sister 
 of Bertha. She says ''No," With that Hammerling turns to me 
 and says, "Arthur, whatever you know, keep your mouth shut. What 
 ever ipeople do not know will not hurt them." Then I sat for a 
 v.'hile with Bertha Leffler talking, and I says, "Isn't it true?" She 
 would not admit or deny it. So that at the end of that weiek: — I don't 
 know whether it was that week, but I know the next pay day it was 
 — I received in my envelope, I can't say whether it was $500 or 
 $1,000, as a bonus. In fact, everybody in the office, from the office 
 boy up, received some sort of a gift at that time. That is all I re 
 member about the appeal. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You got $500 extra? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I really do not knotw. Senator, whether it was 
 $500 or $1,000, because I was getting money every month, or eveiy 
 second month, I didn't know what for. At Christmans time I got as 
 high as $2,000; and when my girl was born Hammerling paid the 
 bills without my asking him; so that I do not know what I got the 
 money for, that time. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you suppose you were getting the adver- 
 tisers' money? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No ; I supposed I got the money to kee|p' my 
 mouth shut. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. You are not connected with Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No, sir ; I left him February 7, 1917. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You might state, in that connection, the circum- 
 stances under which you left his employ. 
 
 Mr, GABRIEL. About six months previous to that Mr. Dattner 
 and myself — he was also at that time! a vice president ; we had about 
 three vice presidents there — he aud I wore discussing the matter of 
 of how the foreign papers were beginning to understand the real 
 workings of the association; that we had heard from some of the 
 publishers that they intended to break away; and I said: "Dattner, 
 I would like to get off the ship before it sinks." I said: "I am a 
 young fellotw in the advertising field, and I would like to make 
 good." Around February 7 — ^it was on a Saturday afternoon — 
 there was a meeting held of some of the foreign-language publishers 
 of New York. There was probably one from each nationality — one 
 Italian, one Greek, one Polish, and then the daily publications. 
 
 I was invited, with Mr. Dattner, to this meeting, and at this meet- 
 ing was diseuissed the advisability of opening the foreign-language 
 ipress association, and the ob.ject was to^ disclose for ^'he American pub 
 lie and for the American advertiser that Mr. Hammerling is nothing 
 more than a recoignized advertising agency; that it is not an asso- 
 ciation of the foreign-language press; that he has no authority to 
 represent them and only has the authority to relpresent them as an 
 agfent. 
 
 Meanwhile ore of the .solicitors from one of the competitors of 
 Hammerling had submitted to the P. Lorillard Co., which was one 
 of our biggest advertisers, an estimate on all the foreign-language 
 newspajpers in the United States, and thai Monday Mr. Hammerling^ 
 was called to the P. Lorillard Co. with reference to this estimate, 
 because the estimate was, as far as I heard, 35 to 40 per cent cheapet 
 than what Hammerling had been getting from the P. Lorillard Co. 
 So that afternoon Mr. Hammerling came back — I was not in the 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 631 
 
 office — and instructed Mr, Moanand as soon as I came in to ask m® 
 to give him a letter addressed to Mr. Belt, of the P. Lorillard Co. — • 
 Mr. Belt and Mr. Mahoney — over my name that the association 
 worked strictly on a 10 pier cent basis ; but I know in my experience 
 with the association that it has always been honest in its dealings. 
 In other words, he wanted me to give him a letter showing that the 
 association has only been doing business on a strictly 10 per cent 
 basis. I considered the thing after Mr. Momand told me, and after 
 this meeting that the publishers had held I thought to myself, "Now 
 is the time for me to get out." I said: "Once I ghe this letter to 
 Hammerling over my signature, I am absolutely killed in the foreign- 
 language advertising field. Even if I did olpien business and compete 
 with him, he has that letter to show, and whatever I do in the adver- 
 tising business in competition with him, whether one agency submits 
 a better advertising campaign or cheaper rates or not, I think that 
 letter would condemn me in the future." And I refused to sign it. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Why would it condemn you; because it 
 would not be true? 
 
 Mr. GABEIEL. No ; it would not be true. 
 Senator WOLCOTT. It was not true? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. It was not true, because I knew that we were 
 making on the average, on some papers, just which we could, which 
 we knew were loyal to the association, we could make 35 to 50 per 
 cent, on some papers as high as 100 per cent; so that I refused to 
 sign the letter, because I had intentions to go in the business myself, 
 which I did later on. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Will you state just how Mr. Hammerling or this 
 association conducted its business with the foreign-language nevrS- 
 palpiers ? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Well, for instance, there would be an advertise- 
 ment; I would be, for instance, sent to see the P. LorHlard Co., and 
 they wanted to advertise the Zyra cigai^etxt/ and I would come back, 
 and Mr. Hammerling and myself, as a rule, wonld choose the papers,, 
 what papers would receive the advertising, and how much they were 
 to receive. Sometimes the papers were given, according to rate- 
 cards, namely, those papers which we had to pay according to rate; 
 cards, like the Scandinavian — ^the Scandinavian we had to strictly 
 abide by the rates — but some of the Polock papers, for instance, you 
 could pay them anything. Say you paid them 20 per cent, they 
 would take it. We woidd give them an amount and then submit this 
 amount to the client, and then we would g'et an 0. K. on the copy 
 and on the list, because the average American advertiser, it is my 
 experience with the foreign press, did not know (practically anything 
 about the foreign press, that is to say, the value of each individnal 
 publication. I could go up to the Standard Oil Co, people and tell 
 them that this paper in Bridgeport was a better paper than any in 
 New York and they would take my word for it; but they did not 
 know the value of the publication or what its reputation was ; so that 
 whatever our pay was would be 0. K., and it would be shipped to 
 the newspapers and they would pay the bill accordingly. 
 
 Senator OVERMAN. You would make 30 or 40 cents an inch an^ 
 Dut in for ?0 cents ? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. We used to get as high as $1.50 an inch and give 
 ■ quarter. It all depends on what the people would take. 
 
632 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. In other words, instead of doing business on a 
 given basis, you charged the advertiser as much as you could and 
 paid the newspapers as little as you could? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. It all depended on the advertiser. If the adver- 
 tiser was easy, we would figure the estimate accordingly. If the 
 advertiser sometimes would ipasf. his advertising through an American 
 agency and then they would begin to ask us to give them sworn sta- 
 tements as to circulation and go intO' the details of the publication, 
 then perhaips he would come do^^^ni even to 10 per cent, and many a 
 time we took the business at n loss just to get the business. It all 
 depended on who the advertiser was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever find out from Mr. Hammerling, in 
 the regular coLiduct of the business, about the advertising of this 
 aplpeal and the amount received for that advertisement and the 
 amount paid to the several newspapers? 
 
 Mr. G-ABRIEL. I never did. That w£s Mpt secret right in that 
 room, as I said before. I did not know anything about it. 
 
 Senator NELSON. That room that von Bernstorff went in? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That is Mr, Hammerling 's private office. 
 
 Senator WGLCOTT.. Did you ever see Dr. Albert in there? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No, sir; I "never did. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Did you see von Bernstorff there more than 
 once? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Only once. I remem!ber Bernstorff very distinctly, 
 because when the steamship Vaterland landed first in this country 
 there was a luncheon given on the shifpi, and Mr. Bernstorff sat about 
 tlO feet away from me, ani, in fact, he made a speech there. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was that at a luncheon given by Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No, sir ; that was on board of the steamiship Va- 
 terland. 
 
 Senator NELSON. And Hammerling was there? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No ; he was not. I look his place. 
 
 Senator NELSON. That is how you knew von Bernstorff? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That is the first- time I saw Bernstorff, at that 
 luncheon. He took a seat at the table close to me, and he made a 
 speech there. He was introduced by Mi*. Prendergast of Ne(w York. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Are there other advertising agencies that have 
 foreign advertising? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Is this assocjation, then, essential to foreign-lan- 
 gnage advertising? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Not essential, because it is the same as any other 
 advertising agency. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. It is a purely commercial proposition, owned by 
 Hammerling? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes ; so far as I know. 
 
 Maj. HUMIiS. And it is only an association in name? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That is ail. 
 
 Senator NEIjSON. He is really the owner of it? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. He is the owner. 
 
 Senator NELSON. He owns all the stock? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. All the stock. 
 
 Senator NELSON. All of the common stock and m.ost of the pre- 
 ferred stock, that is? 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 633 
 
 Mr. GABRI(i3L, The majority oi the common stock he owns, be- 
 cause he also gave me some common stock. He did not give it to me 
 personally. He held it. 
 
 Senator NELSON. And it is only ("he common stock that has a 
 vote, as I understand it. The preferred stock does not haive a vote* 
 Is not that it? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. The common stock, there was only 
 
 Senator NELSON. You do not understand me When you come 
 10 a stockholders' meeting, it is only the common stock that has vot- 
 ing tpower , not the preferred stock ? 
 
 Mr. GABEIEL. Yes. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Is not that true? 
 
 Mr. GAERDiJL. That :s true. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yes. 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. But I do not know how it was arranged so, be- 
 cause) when I was secretary of the association I was called in and 
 told just to ''si^n here" in the minute book. I was not allowed to 
 read the minutes or anything. He did not sell the common stock; 
 he kept that, e^reetpt he gave some of it occasionally to a friend. 
 
 Senator NELSON. It was only the preferred stock 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That he sold.^ 
 
 Senator NELSON. That paid 6 per cent dividends, that he sold* 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes. 
 
 Senator NE.'.SON And that stock hud no voting power? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No. 
 
 ' Senator NELSON. And he often paid as high as 10 or 15 or 20 
 per cent dividend on the common stock, did he not? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL, Yes, sir. 
 
 Senator NELSON. But the preferred stock never but 6 per cent? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes ; it just got the 6 per cent. 
 
 Senator NEILSON. So that, being the sole owner of the common 
 stock, he got those immense dividends? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL He could declare any dividend he want^. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yes; he could declare any dividend he wanted. 
 
 Mr. G.ABRIEL. That is right. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Now, did you ever know of the stockholders meet- 
 ing? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I never knew of a stockholder's meeting as long 
 as I was there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever know of any regular meeting of the 
 board of directors? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. There was not any board of directors excelpt the 
 real board of direietors v as himself and some of the clerks in the 
 office: thej were the real board of directors; three of them, Ibelieive.. 
 And all they vould do would be to sign something and afterwards 
 give it to Miss Leffler, and she would typewrite the minutes or whajt- 
 ever it was. 
 
 Senator NELSON. "Who is Miss Leffler? 
 
 Mr. GABRIPiL. Mr Hammorling's private, confidential secretary. 
 
 Senator NELSON. There was a time when you had three vice 
 president, was there not? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes; four, in fact. 
 
 Senator NELSON. "What were the functions of the officers as 
 distinguished from those of ordinary clerks? 
 
634 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Mr. GABRIii'L. The maiii thing why Mr. Hammerling gave us 
 the titles, as he explained to "os, was simply to raise onr standing, so 
 that if we went to see Mr. Lorillard, of the P. Lorillard Co., he would 
 Imow that he was talking to a vice president. 
 
 Maj HUMES To give the concern a big standing fis one that had 
 four vice presidents; is that the idea?' 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj HUMES. Do you know of Mr. Hammerling at any time 
 telephoning to Boy-Ed or von Papen? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. "^ Yes, Major. 
 
 Ma.i HUMES. State what you know about that. 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I was coming in the room when he gave in- 
 strutions to Miss Leffler to get Capt. Boy-Ed on the wire, and then 
 I was asked to leave the room and Miss Leffler went out and took 
 the iplace of the regular SA\dtch operator. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Who is Boy-Ed? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Capt. Boy-Ed. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Yes; but who was he? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I never saw him 
 
 Capt. LESTER. He was connected with the ambassador here. He 
 was a naval attache. 
 
 Senator NELSON. I knoiw he was, but I wanted it made a part 
 of the record. He was a na/val attache, was he not? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. AVhat do you know about his telephoning to von 
 Papien? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. The same thing — the same way. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Who is von Papen? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Von Papen, as far as I understood at the time, 
 was connected with the Auistrians. 
 
 Senator NELSON, You are wrong there. He was part of von 
 Bemstorff 's force. 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. As far as I know, at the time; I was not inte 
 rested. All I remember is those names; seleing some of the letter- 
 heads and the backs of the envelopes. On the back of the envelope, 
 the flap on the back of an envelope, I happened to see lying on Ham 
 merling's desk, was ''Captain Boy-Ed''; and I heard him call von 
 Papen. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. You say you saw that on a letterhead or envelope 
 on Hammerling 's desk? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, on the envelope, whel^e you paste it, you 
 know. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. It was (printed? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, printed. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you ever have anything to do with the destruc 
 tion of any of the records of the American Association of Foreiga 
 Language Newspapers ? 
 
 Mr. G.\BRIEL. Yes, Major. 
 
 Maj. HUMES Tell what you know about that. 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. T believe it was 1913, we were still in the World 
 Building, end preivious to that Mr. Jaudon had been the auditor of 
 the company, and Mr. Jaudon at that time had some discre|paney 
 with Mr. Hamuierling and ho left, and then Mr. Hammefling called 
 in Mr. Dattner and myself and said, "Take all the ledgers and books 
 and the files of correspondence," and he said, "Hire a truck and 
 take it up to my apartment in the Mansfield, and I have' already ar- 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 635 
 
 ranged with the janitor and the firemen there"; and he said, "Take 
 those books into the cellar there and buirn them." He said, "Stay 
 there until the last book is burned, because," he said, "I do not trust 
 that crook Jaudon, and we had better get rid of these books." So 
 that Mr. Dattneii and I hired one of those two-horse trucks and loaded 
 ft and it was at least three-fourth full, and Mr, Dattner and myself 
 had to lie on the top of those boolcs; and we drove to Hammerling ""a 
 apartment in the Mansfield and threw them down in the cellar, and 
 then the engii;eer and the assistant engineer burned the books. It 
 took about three hours before all the files and books were burned. 
 
 Senator NELSON. You stayed around to see them burned? 
 
 Mr. G-ABRIEL. We were right in the engine room while they 
 were being burned. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was it a practice of Mr. Hamtoerling's to an 
 nually destroy the records? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Yes, Senator. 
 
 Senator WOLOOTT. That was his common practice? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That was his common practice. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. These books that you just spoke of as being 
 destroyed, were they books that he would ordinarily destroy every 
 year, or were they not books that he wonld ordinarily (pireserve? In 
 the regular course of things, would they have beign destroyed in the 
 course of that year? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No; that was the first time that the books had 
 been destroyed, in 1913. That was all the books since the beginning 
 of the association. After that first time we destroyed the books, then 
 the practice was to destroy the books every year, 
 of the practice was to destroy the books every year. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Dead men tell no tales. I suppose that was 
 the theory yon acted on? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. I had to do it. I was ordered to. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Was Dumba around your quarters? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No, sir ; I never saw Dnmba. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Or any representative of Diimba? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. No, sir. 
 
 Senator STERLING. What did the books destroyed ineiude' 
 What were they? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. AU the doings of the association; aU the reeords 
 of the amounts of money received and the amounts of money paid 
 cut ; everything that the general bookkeeper would have. 
 
 Senator STERLING. Any minutes of stockholders' meetings? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That I do not know. Senator, because with such 
 a mess I did not go through the files. We just threw them out iu 
 the basement. 
 
 Senator STERLING. Was there any reason assigned at the time 
 for the destruction? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL Yes; Mr. Hammerling said he did not trus. 
 Jaudon, who had just left his employ, who had been auditor previous 
 to that. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Jaudon was after that time employed, and as yUp. 
 president of the association and as traveling director, to look after 
 the interests of the United States Brewers' Association, was he not" 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. As far as I understood, he was not the vice pire 
 sident, but he had the title of traveliug director of the asgociation. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Or inspector, was he? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. Director and insjpector; yes, sir. 
 
636 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Oh, director and inspector? 
 
 Mr. GABRIEL. That was right after he had left Hammerling-'s 
 employ, and then we moved to the Woolworth Biuilding, and immedi- 
 ately aft2r that I saw Mr. Jaudon come into the office, and he said, 
 "Arthur, I have goi a better job than I had before. Hammerling 
 has fi:s:ed me up and sent me all through the country to see the 
 papers. ' ' 
 
 Maj. HUMES He Avas paid four hundred dollars a month in that 
 connection, was he not? 
 
 Mr. GrABRIEL. I do not know what he was paid, but he told me 
 that he was getting a prettj'- good salary. 
 
 Maj. HTJMES Yes. I thiaik that is aU, Mr. Gabriel. 
 
 TESTIMONY OF MR. HARRY JAMES PRUDEN. 
 
 (The wdtness was sworn by the Chairman.) 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Where do you live, Mr. Pruden? 
 
 Mr. PKUDEiN. Mount Vernon, N. Y.; 7 Ida Avenue. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Have you been engaged in the advertising busi 
 ness? 
 
 Mr. PEUDBN For 11 years. 
 
 Maj. HTIMES. Were you ever connected with the Von Patteri 
 agiency ? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. For a little over one year, ending in February, 
 1918; from about Decemfbetr 1, 1917, to February 1, 1918. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Were you acquainted with Hammeriling during 
 that period of time? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. T have known Hammerling for about 10 years. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Will you state whether or not Mr. Hammerling, 
 while you were connected v/ith the Von Patten agency, made any 
 propositions to your concern with reference to an advertising cam- 
 paign to be conducted at the close of the war? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Do you mean the close of the wai between the 
 United States and the central poweirs or the allies and the central 
 powers ? 
 
 Maj. HUMES. At the close of the Euiopean war. 
 
 Mr. PRLTDEN. Of the Euro'pean war ; yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES When was that suggestion made — ^before or after 
 the United States entered the war'' 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN Before the United States entered the war. 
 
 Maj. HUMFS. Tell us just when it was. 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. It was either in December, 1916, or early in 1917, 
 I have forgotten which, Hammerling phoned for me one day and said 
 that he was going to get me in touch with a big" advertising account. 
 I was in the advertising agency and my business was to get accounts 
 for my agents. He asked me if I would come up to his house that 
 evening. I remember it was in the -wintertime, because it was snow- 
 ing very hard. I went up, and he told m? there was this big account, 
 and they were going to advertise in the newspapers and magazines 
 and foreign papers throughout the United States, Mexico, South 
 America, and Canada. He said it would be a very large campaign. 
 He did not disclose to me at that meeting who the advertiser was. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he tell you the amount of the account? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. I do not remember whether he told me on that 
 ervening or whether it was at a subsequent meeting that we had. 1 
 think he did not at that meeting. He asked me if I woul'd give them 
 an idea of how much it would cost to use the principal spapers — daily 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 637 
 
 papers — throughout this country and Canada, and these other places, 
 and the farm {papers and magazines, basing it on a unit like the agate 
 line, which we in the advertising husints's use as a unit. I roughly 
 estimated the campaign. 
 
 Sometime later, T think it was only a few days later, he came down 
 to the office, and he talked to Mr. Von Patten and myself, and I be- 
 lieve it was at that time that he told us it was to be the Hamburg- 
 Amierican advertising. There was at that time considerable talk 
 about the end of the war. I believed that President Wilson had of- 
 fered his good offices. There was a g|ood deial of talk about the war 
 ending, and he told me that the Hamburg- American Line were going 
 to run this advertising campaign to rehabilitate their business in 
 the "Weistorn Hemisphere. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he at that time tell you the amount of the ac- 
 eount ? 
 
 Mr. PKUDEN. He said they would impend about a million and a 
 half dc liars a year for five years. I was familiar with the account, 
 as it was prior to the war handled by the Frank Presbery Co., with 
 whom I was connected, and I knew that they had at that time spent 
 in the neighborhood of $200,000 a year. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. That is, the Hamburg-American Line had spient 
 that? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Yes, sir. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you have any su)b'3equent interviews with Mr. 
 Hamimerling? 
 
 Mr. PEUDEN, Yes. T do not remember how many, but for a 
 number of weeks he talked to me on the phone several times, and I 
 believe he was in our office a good many times. One more thing I 
 might say about it: He told me that the advertising agent's compen- 
 sation w^O'Uld be on the commission basis, 10 per cent, which is our 
 stiipend, and that the copy would be (prepared by the advertiser, so 
 that it would be very Iprofitable to us. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What was the nature of the advertisement? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. I do not know, because the copy was not shown 
 to me, nor was any copy discussed, exeeipt that he said they were 
 going to spend this money to rehaJbilitate their business in the West- 
 em Hemisphere. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. This was for the business, the American 
 shipping business, of the Hamburg- American Line? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Yes; the Hamburg- American Line. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. And thiey had been, before the European 
 war, large advertisers in the Western Hemisphere? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. For many years. They were known as one of the 
 profitable advertising accounts in the country. 
 
 Setnator OVERMAN. Did you ever do any worik for von Paipen 
 yourself, Mr. Pruden? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. This is V^on Patcen, an advertising agency in this 
 city. It is not von Papen. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did you at any time during your discussion with 
 Hammerling discuss the a^/peal and the purpose and merits of it? 
 
 Ms. PRUDEN. Do you mean the appeal to the American people? 
 
 Maj. HITMES. Yes; the appeal to the American people. 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. About the time that appeal was published in the 
 papers, Hnm>^rling was in my office one day — that was when I was 
 
638 BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 
 
 with the i<^rank Presbrey Co. — a little before lunch time, and we 
 went out to lunch together at the Vanderbilt, and this thing, which 
 Vdjs common talk at the time among advertising* people, the general 
 public, came up, and I remember that we got into a discussion about 
 it. I contented that the G-ermans had been furnishing munitions to 
 both sides for wars that had been carried on, for some time, the Boer 
 War, the Japianese-Russian War, etc., and that if the Germans couid 
 get our munitions they would be gettinj?- them, and they woidd be 
 welcome. There was no reason why we should not furnish the allies 
 munitions. One particular thing that I remember was the Vera Crua 
 affair, in which I stated that the United States had to enter the port 
 of Vera Cruz to heep- the Germans from landing a shipload of muni- 
 tions; and he told me that the appeal was made in the interests of 
 humanity. 
 
 Senator NELSON. Of humanity? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. To stop the destruction of life. That is all I re- 
 member of the conversation. It Avas a geneiral conversation. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Mr. Plammerling told us yesterday, and he 
 was very positive in his statement, that h.' was under the impression 
 all the time that these munitions that the appeal sought to interrupt 
 the shipment of were being shipiped to Germany; that these were 
 American munitions being shipped to Germany. Now, in your con- 
 versation you had with him, you had discussed that whole thing with 
 him on the theory that the shipments were of munitions as to our 
 allies, is that correct? 
 
 Mr. PRTJDEN. Yes. 
 
 Senator TVOLCOTT. Is that the theory on which you discussed it 
 with him'" 
 
 Mr. PErUDEN. There is no question about that. There was a 
 general discussion, nothing personal; nothing about our personal 
 feelings, exoept that he, having placed this advertising, I was natup 
 ally interested, and we were just talking the thing over. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. From that conversation did you get the impres- 
 sion that he thought that the munitions being shipped from this 
 country Were being shipped to Germany? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. No, no ; he did not think so. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He did not think so? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. No. 
 
 Senator WOLCOTT. Why, of course he did not. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. His purpose was to keep the allies from getting 
 the munitions? 
 
 Mr. PRC^DEN. His purpose was to starve the allies of munitions, 
 so that the war would have to stop. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he so stateid to you? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. I do not remember that he stated that in that 
 manner, but that was the impression that T got from the conversation. 
 
 Maj. HUMFiS. He understood the situation as to the shijpments? 
 
 Mr. PRITDEN. Oh, thoroughly. 
 
 Maj HUMES Do you know from Hammerling, or from any other 
 source, whether he was personailly acquainted with Ambassador 
 Bernstorff? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Only from the fact that he told me he was 
 
 Maj. HUMES. He told you that he was personally acquainted 
 with him? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Yes. 
 
BREWING AND LIQUOR INTERESTS AND GERMAN PROPAGANDA 639 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he &ay anything with reference to his acquaint- 
 ance with the Emperor of Austria? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Yes ; Mr, Hammerling told me that Emperor Earl, 
 prior to his aceessiou to the throne, had, I think it was, a hunting 
 lodge,, or some other place, near his estate in Galicia, and that he 
 knew him very well ; that he was a democratic sort of a fellow, very 
 likable, and he thought that he would make a good Emlperor for 
 Austria. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did Mr. Hammerling tell you how he acquired this 
 estate in Austria? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEiN. Yes. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. What did he say? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. Well, Hammerling, about 1911, met me one day, 
 and we had a talk — I believe we were at lunch together^ — and he told 
 me that his uncle had died in Austria. He had often talked to me 
 about his uncle before being a very rich man, and he said he was 
 going to Austria to look after his interests, and that he had inherited 
 a very large estate near Cracow. In fact he invited me to visit him 
 there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he tell you as to the position occupied in mili- 
 tary or social affairs by his uncle? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. He told me that his uncle was at one timie a com- 
 mander of Przemysl; that he was at one time commander of the 
 forces there. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he make any statement to you as to the stand- 
 ing of his fathietr and the position that his father had held in military 
 or civil affairs in Austria? 
 
 Mr. PRUDEN. His father, he told me, was a military man, very 
 severe, and that on account of that he neiver had any home life as a 
 child; he was in the hands of servants all his life. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. Did he say anything as to the rank of his father in 
 military circles? 
 
 Mr. PRIjDEN. I am not abso'lutely positive, but he was either a 
 colonel or a general. 
 
 Maj. HUMES. I think that is all, Mr. Pruden. 
 
W92 i 
 

 
 
 
 
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