^? .^' .( o > ,0 .0' '-;^-^' \-'"^-%o^ V^^\/ -o^'-H-V -5.^ .•i°<. a V <-. '°-'* ^' O"^ O N c ''''■'■^ "" ''& '"■*-*' -S*- '~*'''-'^'**' -"S'^ \/':?^f^^- \ . / •\-.?>^;,- .*■ ;.• y\ '-mwJ /\ '-m^s y' A^ .t.,. ^ ^•^<=^ lbl ler Mary of St. Angela 377 .AI it'hell and Lent, Drs 453 Minnich. F. V. B 481 Milourn, Ueorge 493 Alonroe, John (deceased) 495 Mai guu, Hanson G 504 Mai iiing, John 505 Mcl'onaUl, Hon. Joseph Ewing 506 Moore, John, M. D 519 Moon, C. W 524 Martin, John II 389 McKnight, Milton 391 McDonald, Albert 394 McDonald, John J 396 Miller, Eli 397 Miller, Eli 398 Michael, Edmund (deceased) 532 Meader, ilyron E 546 Michael. John 547 McMaius, Abraham 553 McAllister, William A 553 Miller, Elder James H 576 Jliller, Adam B 577 Mvers, Bethana A 592 Miller, David C 596 Jlercer, Milton 631 McNaughton, John 625 Miller, Thomas 637 Nicholson, G. Ross Newell, Uncle Nathaniel. Owen, Robert Oliver, James Osboru, Hon. Albert Ott, Jacob F Oechtering, Very Rev. August B. Oren, WiUiam it Ouderkirk, Andrew H Perlev, Samuel S Phillips, Peter PetHev. E. H Pfeiffer Brothers and Descendants. Putt, Dr. Franklin L Prescott, Oramel O Phillips, ^[elvin R Pierce, Dr. W. A Poorman, Samuel F Pontius, John H Peffley, Daniel W Porter, Albert (i Price, Benjamin F Paulus, Henry Phillips, Dan" (deceased) Platter, William D Pooley, Nathan Pippinger, Daniel E Pepple, Solomon Pippenger, Jacob D Perkins, Pardon J 744 749 33 303 474 658 726 736 756 119 149 158 232 234 263 369 371 459 463 464 486 404 549 554 581 595 602 640 696 766 ."tu:sg, John H 271 Ream.^r, Jacob II ... . Rensberger, Noah.. . . Rockstroh, George J . Rockhill, William D. Menuonite Publishing Company, The .... 632 Michael, A. B ". 639>^^Rupel, Robert D. O Moyer, Samuel 646^Rutherford, William A Jleyer, F. J. Lewis 663 | Rodi^augh, David Jliller, William 672 Rodibaugh, Lorenzo D McDonald, Martin 1 682 Russell, E. B JIusser, Ephraim 690 | Ritter. .Jacob Alusser, Joseph 691 Jliller, David B 698 Myers, Michael F 713 Mitchell, John W 735 Menges, Andrew J 739 Miller, Alfred B. (deceased) 740 Jliller, William H 139 McCoy, Luther 751 N Neal, Dr. William A 39 Nickel, Louis 90 Nichols, Prosper 145 Newman, John J 152 Newman, Eli 376 NeS, Josephus 380 Nickels, Jonathan W 516 Neff, Samuel C 402 Redmond, J ."ibn — Robison, James L Riddell, George H Robinson, Lucius K Rummel, Isaiah Rich, George W 1 Rockwell, Edward P Romaine, Franklin G Ross, Capt. William R Rowell, George P Roach, James A Rensberger, Samuel Rodibaugh, David D Reed, Abraham I : . . . . RafEensperger, Adam Rarick, John H Romaine, Samuel B. (deceased). Rood, L. B 82 85 87 88 90 103 114 116 116 197 216 228 285 300 341 482 484 486 509 564 589 601 605 636 636 643 658 686 INDEX. PAGE Rahrer, John D 715 Rood, Nelson 686 Rensberger, C. S 515 Reynolds, James 769 Reynolds,John 772 S Stephens, Andrew 36 State, James H 37 Stephens, Benjamin F 38 Sage, JIartin G., (deceased) 44 Sage, Norman 56 Stover, George H 65 Studebaker, Samuel W 67 Schropp. Ira S 79 Stauffer, Or. Il.li 79 Slabaugh, Wilson 83 Sternbertr, John 94 Smith, jiimes llcil 105 Smeltzer, John 109 Spohu, Dr. G. W 151 Sykes, H. B 159 Stiver, Joseph 168 Schrock, Jacob D 179 Schrock, Abraham 195 Schrock, Yost 196 Stutzman, Joseph J 206 Showalter, George W 208 Schrock, Rev. Benjamin 212 Stutz, Christian 241 Slear, J. W 242 Smith, John 11 262 Schindler, John J 275 -Smith, Barney C 276 StauSer, Heiiry 279 -Studebaker, Clem 287 Schindler, William N 29y , Stahly, Christian vS Stahly, Peter H .it3 Swanger, John Q ., 9B9 Stevens, Horace H 306 Sorin, Very Rev. Edward 331 Staley, M."B 354 SibleV, Irving A 359" Stover, Lewis T 365 Snee, Harry Boyd, M. 1) .j-372 Smoker, Jacob .^ 447 Shively, George B ^ . . . 448 Shively, Marvin II , 449 Stouffer, Christian K ^,i 459 Slaughter, .lohn Burdick 469 Smith, John A 481 Shinn, Isaac 494 Shidler, A. W 501 Smith, John S., (deceased) 513 Stewart, John 518 Scoles, Samuel 523 Sandilands, Mrs. Dorothy 390 Stouder, Christian 402 Strycker, Solomon J 406 Sawyer, Lester 529 Service, Jeremiah 530 Stump, Solomon 536 Stump, Ephraim 537 Sims, Professor William II 542 Smoker, Daniel 574 Smoker, John 575 PAGE Sbrock, Daniel D - 578 Swartz, C. AV , .593 Stoll, JohnB ... 609 Stutsman, Rev. Benjamin F 637 Starr, Thomas 665 Shock, George W .- 677 Shank, Abraham ■. 677 Schafer, D. B. I v 679 Smith, Milo A 692 Schwin, John 695 Smeltzer, Daniel 726 Seusenich A. S., M. D 727 Simon, Jacob S 733 Smeltzer, Anthony 110 Stevens, Edwin H [751 T Turner, Perry L i 36 Thompson, Hon. Richard W 43 Turner, Dr. Porter , 45 Trisinger, Frederick ,101 Thompson, Mark B ;120 Thornton, John 132 Trojer, Jeremiah •. . 204 Teters, Dr. Benjamin F 228 Thomas, George A., Ph. G 231 Thorp, Dr. A. L 314 Turnock, Joseph 393 Thomas, William Andrea 620 Towle, Charles G 640 Thomas, Dr. Warre--. H 738 Taylor, Col. L. M.. deceased) 774 u L'iery Fs-niuy 422 Jlerj, Leyi D 426 Ul ery, John D 426 Ulerv, Samuel 427 Ullefy, Joseph C 428 Ulery, Joseph, (deceased) 429 riery, Samuel F 430 riery, John 431 Ulerv, Jacob L 432 Ulery, Levi 433 Umbaugh, Christian 618 L^mmel, Joseph 748 V Vincent, E.J 85 Violett, Isaiah 158 Vail Jesse D 170 Vanderlip, W. B 260 Van Dinter, Louis H 286 Vannuys, Harvey L., D. 1) 467 Voorhees, Hon. Daniel W 495 Vanderhoof, E. R 690 Violett, John H 718 w Winchester, Charles H 54 Walters, Jacob 8 7(1 Wills, Emanuel R 88 Wialer, Oliver P Ill Wilhelni, Alexander Ill Waldorf, B. F 119 Wolf, Hon. Thomas J 125 Witter, George 1 132 INDEX. PAGE Wedde 1, James E 145 Wickw ire, W. F 169 Witter , George 198 Worli, Abel E 209 Walm er, John 213 Winet'renner, Peter 230 -West, W. F 248 Willard, E. P 257 Williams, Isaac 313 Ward, Wilbert 323 Walters, George S 329 Ward, Jacob 330 Woolve^rton, Jacob 344 Winliler Brothers 355 Walsh, Hev. Thomas C 376 Wisler Family, The 434 Wisler, J onas 437 Wisler, j!.out a year. On the 27th of November, 1863, he enlisted in the " Union Light Guards, " an independent squadron of cavalry of picked men organized by Gov. David Tod and was duly mustered in at Columbus. The men composing this fine squadron had been selected by the county military committees throughout the State and Mr. McBride had been chosen to represent Richland county. Mr. Mc- Bride remained with the "Guards" for about six months, when he met with a severe accident and was permanently disabled for active service and has remained lame to this day. Upon his recovery from the accident he served on detached duty as clerk of a military commission and later at the central guard house at Washing- ton. In January, 1865, he was transferred to the war department and served as clerk under Lieut. Col. Breck in the adjutant general's office until his companj' was mustered out of service and honorably discharged, September, 14, 1865. Upon his discharge from the army he was promptly appointed to the clerkship in the office of the quarter-master general, but he had a higher ambition than a subordinate posi- tion iinder the Government, and after a service as such for two months he resigned and returned to Mansfield. While yet a boy, aged sixteen, he had taken a fancy to the study of law and had, as opportunity would permit, studied the principal text-books of that pro- fession. This study he continued while teaching and while in the service, so that when the war closed he had mastered the elements of law. The winter succeeding his return from the war he taught school in Richland County, but the next spring went to Waterloo, Ind., and engaged as clerk for R. M. and W. C. Lockhart. The next winter he again began teaching in Ohio, but before the term was over he re- ceived the appointment of enrolling clerk for the State senate of Indiana and served with credit until the legislature adjourned. In April, 1867, he was admitted to the bar at Auburn, DeKalb county, and the following September formed a part- nership for the ]iractice with Hon. J. I. Best, with whom he was associated until July, 1869. He became associated with Joseph L. Morlan in the practice Decem- ber 15, 1870, and so continued until the death of the latter in 1878, William H. Leas having been associated with them two years. Since 1878 Mr. McBride has carried on the practice alone. As a lawyer he has become distinguished throughout the State. Absolutely self-made, he has left no stone unturned to become a master of his profession. Soon after he began the practice he acquired a high reputation as a practitioner of unusual ability, persistence, force and adroitness, and as a result rose rapidly to the top of his profession and enjoyed a large practice and the un- bounded confidence of his fellow lawyers and the people. As an all-around lawyer he has probably no superior among the bar of northern Indiana. He is calm, dis- passionate, eloquent, and all his arguments are firmly grounded upon legal and equitable principles and hence he always has great weight with the court. In 1882, so prominent had he become and so great was the confidence of his professional brethren in his sound sense, legal knowledge and jaersonal honor, that he was elected judge of the thirty-fifth judicial circuit, comprising the counties of De Kalb, Steuben and Noble. When he entered upon the discharge of his judicial duties MEMOIRS OP INDIANA. 31 the Itu^iuess of the district, owing to the ill health of his predecessor, was two years behind and in a chaotic condition; but in a little more than a year, so hard did he work, the docket was cleared and so remained until the end of his term. His decisions were noted for their fidelity to just principles and law and few were ever reversed by the Supreme Court — never a criminal case. No other circuit judge of the State was more prompt in the discharge of his duties than Judge Mc- Bride. In 1890 he removed to Elkhart and the same fall was a candidate on the Repub- lican State ticket for judge of the Supreme Court, but went down with the entire Re- publican ticket in defeat. On December 17, 1890, he was appointed judge of the Supreme Coiirt by Gov. Hovey to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Judge Mitchell. He is a member of the board of trustees of Depauw University and as- sisted inorganizing the National Guard of the State and was the first lieutenant colonel of the Third Regiment of Infantry and is second colonel. He is a Thirty-second de- gree Mason, past eminent commander of Apollo Commandery No. 19, at Kendall- yille, a member of the Committee on Grievances and Appeals in the Grand Lodge, a member of the State Encampment of the G. A. R. and a member of the Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F., K. of P., and the A. O. U. W. He is an enthusiastic student of the natural sciences and is one of the best, if not the best, ornithologist and botan- ist in northern Indiana, having pursued these studies as a recreation. He is also, and has been for more than twenty years, an active member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. On September 27, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Ida S., daughter of Dr. Chamberlain, of Waterloo, Ind., a lady of rare personal accomplishments, by whom he has four children: Daisy I., born September 25, 1869; Charles H. , born November 10, 1871; Herbert W., born October 5, 1873, and Martha C, born February 13, 1876. No family in the State stands higher, socially or neighborly, and no citizen is held in deeper respect than Judge McBride. Mrs. McBride is at this time (1892) Department President of the Woman's Relief Corps Auxiliary to the Grand Army of the Republic. Hon. George T. Barney, attorney at law and general insurance agent, was born April 10, 1822, at Willsboro, Essex County, N. Y. , and is the oldest of four living children in a family of thirteen born to the marriage of Samuel Barney and Abagail Adsit. The father was a native of Whitehall, N. Y., and the mother of Willsboro, N. Y. , their respective births occurring March 14, 1792, and August 3, 1798. Samuel Barney was also the name of George T. Barney's grandfather, and he, with his three brothers, Solomon, Charles and William, immigrated from Ireland to the colonies of America some years prior to the Revolutionary war. Solomon was the eldest of these brothers, at that time being about twenty years old, and all their immeiliate relatives being dead he determined, with his brothers, to seek home and fortune in the new world. They settled at Salisbury, Vt., induced to do so by old neighbors having previously crossed the Atlantic and were there doing well, and having been reared in an iron district the brothers engaged in that industr3^ All the Barneys in this country are said to be the direct descendants of these four brothers. Samuel Barney, Jr., the father of the Barneys of Elkhart, was a mag- nificent specimen of physical manhood and was a "bloomer," or now known as an ironmaker, by trade. Taking great pride in his work he became an exjiert and commanded much higher wages than his fellow workmen. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and the last twenty years of his life lived at Birmingham, Ohio. George T. Barney, when ten years of age, moved with his parents to Ohio, and in youth secured only the limited education of the common schools. When fourteen years old he began life's battles upon his own responsibility, and from that timeuntil attaining man's estate was engaged in carpentering, joining, coopering and kindred pursuits. In 1847 he moved to Kalamazoo, Mich., where, about two years later, he was elected constable. Succeeding this he received the appointment of Deputy 32 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Uaited States Marshal, aiul, still later, Government timber agent for the northern district of Michigan. JaiiiKiry 15. 1852, he married and moved to Marquette, and at tbo close of his term was appointed sheriff, and later was twice elected to that position, serving in all tive years. He was then elected city recorder, in reality police judge, which he resigned in 1862 to recruit troops to put down the rebellion. Having served eighteen montbs in Company E, Fourth Ohio Infan- try during the war with Mexico, he was called upon to raise a company. This he did for the First Michigan Infantry and was elected captain; but owing to defective health his services were not accepted by the Goverumeut. In 1863 he moved to Ligoiiier, Ind. .where, with his brothers, he embarked in merchandising, continuing the study of law which he had begun in Michigan and wliere, while at Marquette, he had been admitted to the bar. In IStiT he removed to Elkhart, began the practice of law in conjunction with writing iusurance, at which he has acquired a competency and at which he is still engaged. Mr. Barney is a Knight Templar Mason, an Eu- campiuent Degree Odd Fellow, and was Grand Secretary of Grand Encampment of I. O. O. F. of Michigan. He is a Democrat, and besides having been elected to rep- resent Elkhart county in the lower house of the State Legislature, was elected and served six years as city judge of Elkhart. To his marriage with Mary A. Munsell, one son — George E. — has been born. Both Mr. and Mrs. Barney are members of the Presbyterian Church. S.«iUEL E. B-\RNET, manager of the American Mutual Life Insurance Company, is justly recognized as one of Elkhart's foremost citizens. A native of Birming- ham, Erie Co., Ohio, his birth occurred December 16, 1833, being the youngest of thirteen children, four yet living, born to the marriage of Samuel Barney and Abi- gail Adsit, appropriate reference to whom is made in the biography of his brother, Hon. George T. Barney, which appears above in this volume. His youth and early manhood were passed in the county of his birth, during which time he was en- abled to secure the rudiments of a fair practical education from the common schools, and in working at the various callings which seemed most remunerative, chietly at farming, in a woolen mill and at cabinet making. When about eighteen years old he began teaching school and continued this interruptedly tive terms, when he lie- came a clerk at Defiance, Ohio, and later bookkeeper for a merchant at Napoleon. In order to better equip himself for business he took a course of instruction at a com- mercial college in Cincinnati, and then, with the expectation of learning teleg- raphy, started for St. Louis. While en route on an Ohio River steamer he met and formed the acquaintance of Maj. Gen. Rawlings, of Mound City. 111., and one of the well-known men of the State. Imagining that Mound City was a place of con- siderable importance, through the representation of Gen. Rawlings, he was induced to abandon his St. Louis expedition in order to identify himself in business at this place: but instead of a city, or even a thrifty village, he found one large store owned by Gen. Rawlings and but little else. The prospect for a town was so good that young Barney determined to give it a trial as a home, especially as he was offered a p >sitionof clerk and private secretary for Gen. Rawlings, who. although a man of much natural ability and doing an immense business, was possessed of but little or no educa- tion. The place grew rapidly in importance, and besides tilling his position with satis- faction, Mr. Barney was elected city clerk, superintendent of a branch railway and was appointed assistant postmaster. After remaining with Gen. Rawlings over two years, he associated himself as a partner in the dry goods trade upon his own responsibility, but after three years' residence in Mound City sold his interest and in the winter of 1858 embarked in mercantile pursuits at Green Springs, Ohio. Three years later he moved to Ligonier, Ind., where he was engaged in merchandising five years. In January, 1867, he came to Elkhart, which has ever since been his home. He was one of the organizers and is the present treasurer and manager of the American Mutual Life Insurance Company of Elkhart, which under his wise management has assumed a prominence in insurance circles that reflects much credit on Mr. MEMOins OF IXDIANA. 33 Barney and upon the city. lu bis diversified business career there is one important item worthy of mention and of which the public is not aware. During the earlier years of Mr. Barney's manhood the country was flooded with "wildcat '' and coun- terfeit money and proved a source of great annoyance and loss to merchants. Just as the poet or singer inherits the gift of their calling, and without being able to explain the reason why, just so Mr. Barney inherited the gift of detecting spurious currency, no matter how perfect the counterfeit, at sight. This gift was turned by him to practical use on more than one occasion, and he justly became authority on good and bad money. Although a Democrat in politics, Mr. Barney has never aspired to political preferment. He is slow to decide upon questions presented to him, but when once his position is taken it requires proof of the most positive char- acter to change his views. So stanch is he that many have unjustly attributed to liim the term of '"crank," wlien the exact reverse is the truth. ^Vhile a believer in the princi[)les of tlje Democratic party, he votes for men regardless of party affilia- tions in local affairs. Mr. Barney is a Mason and one of the city's prosperous busi- ue.ss men. On the last day of December, 1863. Agnes E. , eldest daughter of Rev. Joseph Adderly, of Mishawaka, became his wife and to this union these children have been born: Ernest Adderly, who died when seventeen months old; Richard Carlyle; Wade Hampton; Hugh Comyn (the original manner of spelling the family name of Cummings) and Terrence LeRoy. Robert Owen, born at Newton, Montgomeryshire, England, in 1771, married a Miss Dale, daughter of David Dale, in ISO], and died at the place of his birth No- vember 19, 1858. Although receiving but a limited education he was a great reider, became a deep thinker ami obtained renown as the great social reformer of the day. His early career was passed in commercial pursuits, and at eighteen was a stock owner in a manufacturing establishment; later he became owner of a large cotton factory at New Lanark, Scotland, where he introduced a sys- tem of reform which was not only successful at the time but became highly popular. Becoming an author of considerable note on his favorite topic, he pub- lished, in 1812, his "'New Views of Society; or, Essays Upon the Formation of Human Character," and later a work entitled ''Book of the New Moral World." Throughout these writings he advocated modified communism, absolute equality in all rights and duties and the abolition of all superiority, even that of capital and intelligence. His immense wealth and peculiar doctrines attracted numerous fol- lowers. In 1823, at his own expense, he purchased from the society of Harmonists, in Posey county, Ind., their possessions for 1150,000, and peopling the district with his followers endeavored to make practical the views he held. The effort was an ab- solute failure. In 1827 he returned to Europe and at different places in Great Britain again atternpted the establishment of communistic societies, with a similar result as that attained in the United States. In 1828, upon invitation from the Mexican Government, he resumed hi^ efforts upon Mexican soil, but the result was failure as previously. He l)rauched off into journalism and as a lecturer, at both of which he attained distinction because of the earnestness and intelligence with which he advo- cated his remarkable views. During his last years he became a believer in spiritu- alism and was a firm advocate of the precepts of that belief. George M. Bird is a dealer in coal, wood, lime, cement, salt, seeds and feed at tlie corner of Pigeon and Main streets, Elkhart, Ind., is conducting a business that has commended itself to the approval of the public for a number of years j)ast. He is full of business life and energy and is trustworthy to a fault. He is a pro he died. His widow now resides in the only house now standing in the town 3 34 PICTORIAL AND /HOGUAPIIIUAL that was built wheu Mr. Bird first settled here. The surviving members of the family are: Chauncey N., George M., Lydia E. and John E. Three children are deceased. In the town of Clayton the boyhood days of George M. Bird were spent and there his education was obtained. When a mere youth he began traveling as a salesman and for a period of twenty years he was on the road, during which time he saw a great deal of the country and gained a wide and thoroughly practical experi- ence in the business affairs of life. At various times during his career he was in the employ of the following houses: C. K. Hawley, of Cleveland, Ohio; M. L. Hull, of Cleveland; Selling Bros., of Detroit, Mich.; May Bros., of Kock Island, 111., with whom he remained nine years and for five years was with Burley & Terrill, of Chicago. After leaving the road he came to Elkhart and engaged in his present business, in which he has been remarkably successful, owing to the fact that he is prompt in filling orders, strictly honorable in every transaction and a genial and decidedly agreeable companion. His business increased so rapidly that he had to extend his premises, which kept him very busy in supplying the wants of his numer- ous patrons. He gives constant employment to a large force of men and has a number of teams that are kept constantly busy in delivering his goods to all parts of the city. Mr. Bird is well known in the business circles of the place, is rated high commercially and is esteemed as a public-spirited citizen. He is a Knight Templar in the A. F. and A. M. and is recorder of his lodge. In 1882 Miss Mollie Lyon, of Cedar Rapids, Iowa, became his wife and their union has resulted in the birth of the following named children: Reuben A., aged eight years; Onlee M., aged three years, and Harrold C, aged one year. William D. Middleton, proprietor of the Elkhart Business College and Short- hand and Typewriting Institute, has been very successful in his chosen field of labor, for he has administrative capacity of a high order, is full of expedients and his mind is always on his work and his heart in it. The school over which he presides is never allowed to stagnate or to become disorderh', and as he possesses a genial and kindly disposition there are few among either pupils or associates who do not esteem him as a friend. He was born in St. Joseph county, Ind., near South Bend, December 23, 1843, a son of William and Rebecca (Gillam) Middleton, who emi- grated from Ohio and located in St. Joseph county, Ind., during the early history of that section, being among its pioneers. The father was a farmer and carpenter, but he and the mother have for a number of years been deceased. William D. Middleton was the fifth of the seven children born to them, and obtained his educa- tion in the schools of Warren and Marion counties, Iowa, and in Bryant & Stratton's Business College of Indianapolis, Ind. On the 20th of June, 1862, he enlisted in Company G, Eighteenth Iowa Infantry, but owing to a severe spell of typhoid fever he was unfitted for further duty and was discharged from the service February 28, 1863. After his recovery he joined Company K of the Ninth Michigan Cavalry, enlisting April 1, 1863, with which regiment he served until the war closed. In the siege of Atlanta he was captured and taken to Audersonville prison, in which and other prisons he was confined for a period of seven months. He remained in cap- tivity until the war closed and suffered all the privations and hardships which were the lot of those confined in that foul pen.- He was in twenty-six pitched battles, but fortunately was never wounded. He returned home with the rank of first ser- geant and at once began learning the mason's trade, at which calling he worked during the summer and devoted his attention to teaching school during the winter months for several years. Owing to failing health he was compelled to abandon manual labor and turned his attention solely to teaching, for which calling he had always had a liking and natural aptitude. The professor has called Elkhart his home for forty-three years and during this time he has been one of its most sub- stantial and enterprising citizens. In 1887 he established his present school, and public education in Indiana has no more earnest advocate and co-operator than he. No one more thoroughly understands its needs and interests, and perhaps no one is MEMOIRS OF INDIAJS^A. 35 better qualified, through long experience and loving labor in its behalf, to bring it to that high state of perfection which its present rapid advancement assures. His school is carried on throughout the entire year and is recognized as one of the lead- ing business colleges in the country, for he has many pupils from Chicago and Indianapolis, as well as from all parts of the country. He is a member of the G. A. R. and Knights of Pythia-. On the 25th of March, 1866, he was married to Mrs. Isabella Morgan, of Branch county. Mich., by whom he has had three sons and five daughters. Da. J. F. Harris is a skillful and well-known veterinary surgeon of Elkhart, Ind., who has attained to much skill in his calling and has won a reputation that is by no means undeserved. By years of patient study he has become thoroughly posted in all the branches of his profession and has found it not only profitable but also pleasing. He was born in Huron county, Ohio. August 26, 1836, to Andrew E. and Elizabeth (Laughlin) Harris, natives of York State and Pennsylvania respectively. The family came from the New England States, having originally come from Old Eng- land and were early settlers of this country. The paternal grandfather, Zurile W. Har- ris, was a soldierin the Revolutionary war, in which struggle the maternal grandfather, William Laughlin, also took part, and in the war of 1812 became an officer. In the history of the United States mention will be found of this colonel, his great uncle, Will- iam B. Matherson, who was colonel in the Mexican war. The Harris family were among the pioneer settlers of Ohio and in the county of Huron Zurile W. Harris carried on farming and the cooperage business quite extensively. He died in Seneca county, Ohio. The maternal grandfather settled in Pennsylvania and also tilled the soil, but subsequentlj' removed to Richland county, Ohio, where he died. Andrew R. Harris was a cooper and farmer, which occupations he followed in Porter county, Ind. , near Valparaiso, in the vicinity of which place he resided until his death. He and his wife became the parents of six sons and four daughters, of which family five members are now living: Dr. Joseph P. ; Washington R. , who served in the Ninety- ninth Indiana Infantry, and was wounded in battle; VanBuren, who died in the late war, having held the rank of orderly sergeant; LaFayette (deceased) served one year in the civil war; Mary, Eliza J., Ella (deceased), Josephine, William (de- ceased), and Jackson (deceased). Dr. Joseph F. Harris, the subject of this biog- raphy, was principally reared in Richland and Wyandotte counties, Ohio, and re- ceived his education in both public and private schools. His spare moments were spent in wielding the hoe and following the plow on his father's farm, and while so doing he not only learned what hard work meant, but he also learned lessons of in- dustry, honesty and perseverance which have since Ijeen of material benefit to him in his walk through life. From his youth he has been a lover of horses, and after deciding to devote his time and attention to curing the ills horseflesh is heir to, he began working at the profession under Dr. Levi A. Cass, of Porter county, at Horse Prairie, nine miles southwest of Valparaiso. He also studied medicine for three years, but never practiced only in his own family. He has stiidied the horse patiently and perseveringly, and in his treatment of that noble animal has been uni- versally successful. In 1886 he came to Elkhart, Ind., of which city he has since been a resident, where he has built up a practice, although large, is constantly on the increase. In 1859 he was married in St. Joseph county, Ind., to Miss Rachel H. Paddock, by whom he has ten children: Albert A., Franklin, Sarah E., wife of William Riley, of Valparaiso; John, DeWain. Emery, James, Mary, Rel)ecca H. and Edward. The Doctor has never had a physician in his house except on two occa- sioas, when one of his sons had a leg broken and the other received a gun-shot wound through the stomach. The family are hale and hearty. Dr. Harris has two uncles (doctors) by the name of Cornelius and Milo Blachley. Blachley's Mill, Wayne Co., Ohio, is named after the doctors, also Blachley Corners, of Porter Co., Ind., where thej- lived fifty years and practiced medicine. Both are deceased. Dr. Cornelius carried on farming and owned a carding mill, grist-mill and saw-mill 36 PICTORIAL AND BIOQRAPIIIGAL on Salt Creek in Poiter county, Inci, at the lime of Lis death. He raised eight children, four sons and four daughters. One sou, Napoleon B. Blachley.was shot in the "Union army. Col. Dewitt Hodgton, his brother-in-law, was shot dead on the battlefield in the Union army. Three of the Blachleys married three sisters of the sub- ject's mother — two doctors and one farmer and carding-mill owner by trade. Andrew Stephens, funeral director and undertaker, Elkhart, Ind. The business in which this well-known gentleman is engaged is a very important one to society, and among its essential requirements it is important that its representatives shall be sympathetic, experienced and reliable. The business has been in successful opera- tion since 1854 and the establishment is well equipped with all articles pertaining to this line of business, and everything for the plainest or most imposing funerals can be readily furnished. Mr. Stephetis is prompt in meeting his engagements, per- forms his duties with accuracy and propriety and he can always be depended on in matters pertaining to the last rites of burial. Mr. Stephens was born in Dauphin county, Penu., May 29, 1832, a son of Andrew and Mary (Braden) Stephens, also natives of the Keystone State, and of English and Irish lineage. The father died in January, 1832, having been a farmer throughout life and a soldier in the war of 1812. He had four sons and one daughter, of whom the subject of this sketch is the youngest. He remained in his native county until twenty years of age and, like a dutiful son, assist^-d his mother on the home farm and also at the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1852 he moved with his mother westward and for three months was a resident of Steuben county, Ind., at the end of which time he came on to Elkhart county, and here Mr. Stephens began working at his trade, which he followed for two or three years, embarking in his present business in the spring of 1854. The firm was. at first known as B. F. & A. Stephens, and continued such for about twenty- two years; then for three years was simply A. Stephens, and is now Stephens & Son. Mr. Stephens is one of the oldest business men of the city and during his long con- nection with mercantile interest has been honorable and upright in every respect and has made many friends by his straightforward course through life. At the time of his settlement the town was but a small hamlet of three or foiir hundred population, and almost the entire growth of the town and county has been witnessed by Mr. Stephens. He is a member of the Indiana State Undertakers' Association and Chosen Friends. In the early days of Elkhart he was a town trustee. He was mar- ried in 1860 to Miss Frances E. Hall, by whom he has four children: Lillie, Luella, Henry E. and Charlie A. He and his family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a member. Perrt L. Tdenek. Of the younger element of our prominent, energetic and in- fluential citizens, none are lietter known than Mr. Perry L. Turner, one of the dis- tinguished attorneys of Elkhart. During the years he has practiced his profession here he has shown himself to be endowed with superior ability, and his comprehen sive knowledge of the law, together with the soundness of his judgment, secured him almost immediate recognition at the bar. Since that time to the present he has so identified himself with the affairs of the place that its history can not be recorded with- out according him a conspicuous and honorable part. Mr. Turner is now acting as United States Commissioner, by appointment from the Hon. William A. "Woods; is at present the efficient and popularattorney of the city of Elkhart and a member of the law firm of Chamberlain & Turner, both men of high moral character who are universally respected and esteemed. Mr. Turner is a native of the city of Elkhart, born in Osolo township, October 27, 1860, and is a son of Lyman and Tamar ("Wilkinson) Turner, both of whom came to this country as early as 1849 and were here married. They became the parents of five children, one only, besides our subject, now living — Dr. Porter Turner. The father died October 19, 1888; the mother is still living. Our subject passed his youthful days in assisting his father on the farm, and su]iple- nienteda common-school education by graduating from the high schools of Elkhart. Following this he took a select literary course at the University of Chicago and Val- MEMOIRS OF IXDIANA. 37 paraiso College. On the 20th of May, 1882, be began the study of law with Gapt. O. T. Chamberlain and was admitted to the bar in 1884, forming a partnership with his present associate in 1886. He was elected city attorney in 1884 and has held the office continuously ever since. During the eight years he has held this office, he has 80 well acquainted himself with every branch and question of municipal law that he was well able to perform the duties of his office. In that capacity he has performed honorable and efficient services, and so satisfactorily has he discharged his duties that high esteem has been placed upon his efforts. He has already at- tained a high standing in the legal fraternity and his reputation and record are first- class for integrity and trustworthiness in all matters enti-usted to him. In him the community has a faithful and unswerving friend, ever alert to serve its best interest and generous in his contributions toward every movement tending to the general advancement. If he should so desire, the future holds for him political honors, and no one would bear them with more becoming grace or better reflect their lustre. He was married on the 7th of January, 1886, to Miss Mamie E. Wright, daughter of Henry C. Wright, a prominent citizen of Elkhart and ex-mayor of the city. Mr. and Mrs. Turner are members of the Episcopal Church and are universally respected. Although one of the youngest attorneys at the bar of Elkhart, Mr. Turner stands at the head of his profession, and in whatever positions of trust he has been placed he has performed honorable and efficient service, and is entitled, with others, to feel a pride and satisfaction over the result of eiforts and labors that have culminated in the glorious Elkhart of to-day. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, I. O. O. F. and K. of P. James H. State, of the law firm of State & Chamberlin, Elkhart, Ind.,was born at Lorin, Lewis county, N. Y., May 4, 1855. His parents, John and Theresa (Kiley) State, natives of Ireland, came to the United States and settled in that territory, now known as Adirondack county. In 1870 the family removed to Elkhart county from Madison, Ohio, where they located about 1S61, the father dying in Elkhart, June 23, 1892. James H. and his sister Lizzie, their two children, were educated at Madi- son. On coming to Elkhart, the former entered the office of the Review, holding a position there until 1875, when he began the study of law in the office of Hon. M. F. Shuey. Later he studied in the office of Judge Van Fleet for one year and was admitted to the bar in 1877. Beginning practice immediately, the young lawyer enjoyed more than the ordinary success of young men in the profession. In 1879 the partnership with Mr. Chamberlin was formed, and this partnership is to-day the oldest in the city. Fourteen years of practice in a larger city than Elkhart will always influence the public mind, and in the case of this firm such influence has been a most beneficent character. On May 4, 1876, Mr. State was elected city clerk. He was twenty-two years old that day, and this was the manner in which a majority of the citizens observed hi.s birthday. In 1878 he was re-elected and served for eight years as prosecuting attorney for the city. His marriage with Miss Kate Snyder of Elkhart was celebrated in 1877. They are the parents of one child. Margie. Mr. State is a Master Mason, a member of the National Union of the Royal Arcanum, and of other benevolent associations. He is the attorney for the Elkhart Water Company, and a member of that corporation. It is said that he is the most brilliant of the young lawyers of Elkhart county; while in addition to his shrewdness and ability as a lawyer he possesses the gift of oratory in a marked degree. Gen. W. W. Dudley, a man gifted with more than the average degree of intel- ligence and shrewdness, and as gallant a soldier as ever wore shoulder straps, is a native of the Green Mountain State, his birth occurring August 27, 1842, in Wind- sor county. He completed his education with a course at Russell's CoUegiate and Commercial Institute, at New Haven, Conn., which also gave him an excellent mil- itary training. Coming to Indiana in 1860, he embarked in milling, but early in 1861 enlisted for the war and was elected captain of a company in the Nineteenth 38 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted, from time to time, to the colonelcy of his regiment, and for gallant and meritorious services at the battle of Gettysburg was breveted brigadier general. Having previously participated in some of the most hotly contested engagements of the war, his military career ended at Gettysburg, where his regiment lost nearly three-fourths of its number on the first day, and where Col. Dudley was so severely wounded in the right leg as to ne- cessitate amputation. From the effects of this wound he remained unfit for any active work for nearly a year, and from the effects of which he is yet a sufferer. In 1866 and again in 1870 he was elected clerk of the Circuit Court of Wayne county, was cashier of the 'Richmond Savings Bank for a time, and from which he resigned to accept the appointment of United States Marshal for the district of In- diana. Col. Dudley is one of the most prominent Republicans in the State of Indi- ana, and through his superior management the State was kept Republican and cast its electoral vote for President Harrison in 1888. Col. Dudley is an Odd Fellow, a Free Mason, a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and by his marriage with Miss Theresa Fiske is the father of seven children. Benjamin F. Stephens, attorney at law, real estate dealer and insurance agent of Elkhart, Ind., has his office at 31 7^ Main street, and in every branch of his business i.s meeting with marked success. He has a decided veneration for the law, and this, combined with the accuracy of his legal knowledge, lucidity of statement and felicity of illustration has given him the confidence of all his patrons. He was born in Dauphin county, Pa., Jan. 17, 1831, to Andrew and Mary (Braden) Stephens, who were natives of the State of Pennsylvania and of Scotch-Irish descent. The father was an active participant in the war of 1812, and died in Dauphin county, Pa., in 1832, having been a farmer throughout life. He left a widow and six children to mourn their loss, and in the spring of 1852 they turned their footsteps westward and eventually settled in Elkhart, Ind., where the mother was called from this life in the spring of 1855. B. F. Stephens was only one year old at the death of his father, and owing to this fact his childhood and early manhood was one long struggle with poverty. He lived on a farm until seventeen years of age, attending school dur- ing the winter months; then went to Harrisburg, Pa. , and began serving an appren- ticeship at the cabinetmaker's trade, which he completed and then came west with his mother and brothers and sister, and for a few months worked at his trade in Elkhart. In the fall of 1852 he and his brother opened a furniture and under- taker's establishment of their own, subsequenth' added hardware to their stock, and carried on their business with marked success until 1877, when he sold out to his brother Andrew, who still conducts an undertaking business. Succeeding this, Mr. Stephens engaged in general ofiice business, settling decedents' estates, etc., and reading law, which always possessed considerable charm for him, and in Janu- ary, 1892, he was admitted to the bar of Elkbart county. He makes a specialty of loaning money, drawing up deeds, mortgages, etc., and is doing a thriving busi- ness, and one which is congenial to his tastes. He has served as township trustee two years, four years president of the board of town trustees before it was incorpor- ated as a city, and for six years was a member of the school board, of which he was treasurer and secretary. He is a member of the Scotch-Irish Society of America, is a member of and an earnest worker in the Methodist Episcopal Church, having united with the church March, 1853, and for a number of years was superintendent of the Sabbath-school, and held various other church offices. He is a member of the board of directors and president of the R. R. Y. M. C. A., and there is no organ- ized movement in the city for the alleviation of suffering, for help and succor to earth's unfortunates, which does not receive his warm, strong sympathy and efficient aid. He has been a delegate of the Y. M. C. A. to the international conventions held atMilwaukee, Atlanta, Ga., San Francisco, Philadelphia, Kansas City, and tothe sec- retary's conference at Chattanooga, Tenn., Harrisburg, Pa., and Oakland, Cal. His son, H. E. Stephens, is connected with him in business, and the firm is known as MEMOIHS OF INDIANA. 39 Stephens & Stephens. They are prosperous, wide-awake and intelligent men of affairs, as the success which has attended their efforts would indicate. On the 4th day of March, 185S, Mr. Stephens was married to Miss Euphemia Martin, a native of New York State, and of two children born to them only one is now living — Herrick E. Although Mr. Stephens' early life was marked by many hardships, his early self- denials taught hi ui to be self-reliant, prudent and economical, and these attributes have since been of great benefit to him. His friends believe in '"honor to whom honor is due," and at all times pay him unbounded respect, the outcome of his cor- rect mode of living. Dr. William A. Neal is a medical practitioner of more than local renown, which fact may be in a measure attributed to his love for his profession, and to him the arduous duties of his calling is a "labor of love." Whatever the social or financial con- dition of the patient who seeks his service, no effort is spared in the treatment of his case, for he believes it the highest duty of the physician to cure the ills to which mankind is heir if it lies within his power to do so. He devotes himself to his work with conscientious zeal, and gives little regard to the rewards or emoluments that are to follow. He believes in a progressive system of medicine, and notes with eager interest every progressive step taken by his profession. He was born in the city of Elkhart, Ind. , January 29, 1836, to Henry and Rebecca (Kiblinger) Neal, who were born in Maryland and Qhio, and were of Welsh and French-German descent, respectively. The paternal grandfather came from Wales and settled near Hagers- town, Md., where he was engaged in farming. About 1858 he located with his family in Elkhart county, Ind., and here his declining years were spent. Henry Neal became a resident of the town of Elkhart in 1835, at which time the population did not exceed 200, and here he opened a harness shop, the first one in the town, which he successfully conducted until his health became so impaired that he gave it up and retired to private life. He died in 1883, in his seventy-sixth year, his wife having been called from life in 1841. They were the parents of two children: Dr. AVilliam A. Neal and Mrs. Russ Davis, of Elkhart. Dr. Neal resided in Elkhart until about eighteen years of age, during which time he attended the public schools and obtained a good practical education. He then went to La Fayette, Ind., to pursue his medical studies with Dr. Jewett, with whom he remained some time, after which he entered Rush Medical College of Chicago, which well-known institu- tion he attended in 1856 and 1857. His first work as a practitioner of the healing art was done at New London, Iowa, in the spring of 1857, and there he continued to remain until October, 1861, when the strained relations between the North and South culminated in war, and Dr. Neal enlisted as assistant surgeon in the First Missouri Engineers, and served as such until the close of the war in 1865. He held the rank of captain, and was on field duty the most of his service, being post surgeon at Johnsonville, Teun., in the spring and summer of 1864. He was with Gen. Sherman on his famous march to the sea, and was mustered out at St. Louis, Mo., July 28, 1865, after which he located for the practice of medicine at Dayton, Mich., which place continued to be his home until November, 1879, since which date Elk- hart, Ind., has been his home and the scene of his labors. He is the author of the "Illustrated History of the Missouri Engineer and the Twenty-fifth Infantry Regiments," which was published in 1889, and is a finely illustrated and authentic work of 320 pages. Dr. Neal is secretary of the Elkhart City Medical Society, secretary of the Elkhart County Medical Society, a member of the Indiana State Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. In the practice of his profession he has been skillful and successful, and his face is a familiar one in many homes in Elkhart county. He is sympathetic and kindly in disposition, and as a natural consequence many trusts are committed to his care. Socially he is a mem- ber of the Royal Arch Masons, the G. A. R. and the Loyal Legion. He is a Republi- can politically, and always adheres strictly to the principles of his party. In May, 1857, he was married to Miss Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. E. H. Lamb, and their 40 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL imion bas resulted in the birth of four children: Eva (Mrs. Sawyer of Michigan); Harry, and two sons who are deceased. Mrs. Neal is a member of the Congregational Church. Faithful and just in the conduct of his business, Dr. Neal is also skillful and efficient in the practice of medicine, and is without reproach in any of the affairs of life. As a citizen, he has interested himself in the upbuilding of the commnnity, and has given generously of his time, labor and means to promote its advancement, and support and build up its institutions. Hon. William H. English, nominee of the Democratic party for vice-president of the United States in 1880, and the founder and for nearly a score of years presi- dent of the First National Bank of Indianapolis, was born in the village of Lexing- ton, Scott county. Ind. , August 27, 1822, being the son of Maj. Elisha G. and Mahala (Eastiu) English, and grandson of Elisha and Sarah (Wharton) English. His education was such as the common schools of the neighborhood afforded, and a course of three years at South Hanover College. He chose law as his calling, and after a course of reading was admitted to practice in the circuit court at eighteen years of age; was later admitted to practice in the State supreme court, and in his twenty-third year was licensed to prosecute his profession in the supreme court of the United States. He practiced his profession for a time, but drifted into politics, and after filling several local positions of trust was chosen principal clerk of the Indiana House of Representatives in 1843 over numerous worthy competitors. In 1850, after having served as clerk in the Treasury Department at Washington, he was selected clerk of the Claims Committee in the United States Senate, and after the session resigned and returned to his home in Indiana. In 1851 he was elected to represent his native county in the State legislature, and at this session, owing to the resignation of Mr. Davis, who was the presiding officer of the House, Mr. Eng- lish was elected speaker to fill the vacancy. In 1852 he was nominated and elected to C )ngress from his district, re elected in 1854, was again elected in 1856 against his earnest protests, and again re-elected in 1858. During his Congressional career he was the author of some of the most notable bills of the day and acquired a na- tion il reputation as a debater and statesman. During the war he was offered the command of a regiment by Gov. Morton, but declined, and in person took no active part during that struggle. In 1863 he founded the First National Bank at Indianapolis, and for years turned his attention to banking, in which pursuit he dis- played marked ability. He also acquired considerable interest in the city railroads of Indianapolis, and other stocks, but the prodigious energy he displayed under- mini'd his health so that in 1877 he resigned the presidency of the bank and an- nounced his intention of retiring from active business pursuits. His unanimous nomination for the vice presidency in 1880 and the defeat of his party are matters of national history. Mr. English was always a Democrat in politics, and many say he w 18 better than his party. For his life's helpmate. Miss Emma M. Jackson, of Virginia, became his wife November 17, 1847, who died November 14, 1S76, after bearing one son and one daughter. Edwin Finn is the general manager of the S. D. Kimbark manufacturing estalj- lishment at Elkhart, Ind., and in connection with his duties has perfected inventions that are destined to not only make his name famous as an inventor, but rank him among the labor-saving mechanics of the age. A native of Milwaukee, Wis., his birth occurred September 19, 1849, being a sou of William and Margaret (Page) Finn. The former was a botanist and a farmer and an unusually well posted and esteemed man. He died March 7, 1892, in Green county. Wis., at which place his widow yet lives. Edwin Finn is the eldest of a family of six children and his early youth was passed in acquiring a practical education. When j'et a bov he became an employe in a manufacturing establishment at Milton Junction, Wis., and since that time, with but little exception, he has followed mechanical pursuits. He at- tracted considerable attention by purchasing a saw and planing-mill at Quincy, Mich., and from an almost worthless plant succeeded in building it up to one of the MEMOIRS OF INDIASA. 41 best and most productive of its kind in the southern part of the State. He was in- duced in 1886 to become connected with S. D. Kimbark, of Chicago, 111., assuming full charge of his establishment at Quincy, Mich.; but in August, 1890, came to Elkhart, Ind. , and began the erection of their present establishment. This consists of a main buildiug, two stories high, brick material, 80x400 feet, with a detaclied but contiguous buildiug one story high 40x212 feet. This is one of the largest and most perfectly equipped manufacturing establishments in the world, is protected by automatic water- works, and is a credit to the skill and ability of Mr. Finn. Tbey manufacture tine carriage bodies, seats, carriage parts, hickory and oak spokes, car- riage and wagon wood-work; employ about one hundred men and transact fully §100,000 worth of business yearly. Mr. Finn is a practical machinist of a high order and a genius for invention. Perhaps the most remarkable product of his fer- tile brain is a multiple automatic screw driver, the screws set automatically, which has thirty-two drivers and is operated by two men. This machine readily performs work on 200 l)odies daily and while not yet completed is already invaluable. A scarcely less serviceable invention of Mr. Finn's is his mnltiple automatic boring machine, operating sixteen bits, accomplishes work as weU as though done liy hand and is practically unlimited as to capacity. A mitre saw for making the joiut on body panels, after the panels have been securely glued to the frame, is another val- uable addition ^vrought by Mr. Finn, and its value is most important because it avoids splitting and insures perfect joints. Besides these he has improvements in- vented as attachments to other machinery, which, taken all together, is sufficient to insure him as one of the principal inventors of the age. Mr. Finn is a Republican and a Knight Templar Mason. To his marriage with Miss Franc A. Cummins, one son has been born — Willie I. Judge Joseph D. Arnold, attorney at law of Elkhart, was born in York township, Elkhart couuty, Ind., February 14, 1836, a son of A. B. and A. D. (Davis) Arnold, who were natives respectively of New York and Vermont. The Arnold family were early settlers of New England, the paternal grandfather, Joseph Arnold, having come from North Adams, Mass. Inanearlydayhebecamearesidentof theState of New York, where the remainder of his days were passed. His son, A. B. Arnold, was reared to a knowledge of farm life, but in 1835 left the State of New Y'^ork to remove to Indiana, coming thither in wagons and crossing the Dominion of Canada. They settled in what is now Y'ork township, which at that time was very sparsely settled. Heenteredeighty acres of Government land which was heavily timbered, upon which he erected a rude log cabin, and in this rude dwelling he continued to live un- til he could make better improvements. After a few years he removed to Wiscon- sin, where his life ended in 1885. He became quite prominent in Elkhart county and held the positions of justice of the peace, township trustee and held various other township offices. He and his wife became the parents of five sons, all of whom are living, four being residents of Wisconsin. On his father's farm the sub- ject of this sketch was brought up to a knowledge of agriculture, and like the majority of farmers' boys received his initiatory training in the old time subscrip- tion and public schools. Later he attended school at Ontario, Indiana and Cleve- land, Ohio. He remained under the shelter of the parental roof until he was twenty-four years of age, during which time he assisted in the duties of the farm, but at that time was made deputy county clerk and held the position from 1860 to 1862, He then began reading law with John H. Baker and after a satisfactory and highly commendable examination he was admitted to the bar in 1863, soon after which he entered upon the practice of his profession in Goshen and Elkhart, con- tinuing until 1871, when he removed to Lake Geneva, Wis., where he engaged in farming until 1879, since which time he has resided at Elkhart. He was prosecut- ing attorney for the district comprising the counties of Elkhart, St. Joseph, Laporte and Marshall, from 1868 to 1870. In the month of May, 1892, he was elected city judge, is prominent in official circles and is a true and tried Republican. He was 42 PICTORTAL AND BIOORAPEICAL married in 1865 to Miss Louise J., daughter of N. F. Brodrick, Esq., by whom he has two children: Glenn B., principal of the high school at Clintonville, Wis., and Halton C, clerk in a drag store at Lake Geneva, Wis. The judge is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Nehemiah F. Brodrick (deceased). All people of true sensibility and a just regard for the roemory of those who have departed this life cherish the details of the history of those whose careers have been marked by uprightness and truth and whose lives havebeeulilledup with acts of usefulness. Mr. Brodrick was apioneer of Elkhart county and was a member of a family that traced their origin to the isle of Erin, although they came to America during the early history of this country, the grandfather of Nehemiah, Anthony Brodrick, having been a patriot in the Ameri- can Revolution, holding the rank of colonel, and was in the battle of Ticonderoga. After living many years in New Jersey, he accompanied his son Robert, the father of Nehemiah, on his journey westward, but died on the way, in Fayette county, Penn., in the year 1807. The family continued their journey to Ohio and settled in Montgomery county, Ohio, near Dayton and two years afterward removed to Butler county, in the vicinity of Hamilton. Nehemiah F. Brodrick was born in Sussex county, N. J., April 30, 1805, near the site of the present town of La Fayette, and his early schooling, which was of a very limited character, was obtained in the public schools near Hamilton, Ohio, which he attended until he reached the age of eleven years, when he went to Piqua, Ohio, and entered the store of William Johnson. His stay here was brief, for he soon accompanied his father to Allen county (now Auglaize), Ohio, locating at Wapakoneta, where his father entered the employ of Col. Johnson, Indian agent, as blacksmith for the Shawnee Indiana, which position he retained for twelve years, and so endeared himself to the Wolf tribe that with great pomp and ceremony he was made a member of the tribe and was christened No-sau luck-au, or the ■" guardian." In 1817 Nehemiah F. returned to Piqua, Ohio, where he clerked in the store of Nicholas Greenham until he attained the age of eighteen years, when he returned to Wapakoneta and com- menced the traffic of goods on his own account, the majority of his patrons being the numerous Indians that roamed the country. Mr. Brodrick became thoroughly familiar with the Shawnee language and was able to speak it fluently. In 1829 he was selected by the Indians, and confirmed by the Government, as one of the ap- praisers of their improvements, and to him was intrusted the proceeds, amounting to about $13,000, to distribute among the tribe. He remained in that locality for some twelve years, at the end of which time he removed to Shelby county of the same State, where he sold goods until 1835 at Hardin, near Sidney, filling also the position of surveyor of that county for five years. He was married in 1831 to Margaret Henry, sister of the late Dr. John H. Henry, by whom he had five chil- dren: John H., Charles B., Justus L., Melissa (deceased), and Louise J., wife of Judge Joseph D. Arnold, of Elkhart. In September, 1835, Mr. Brodrick came to Elkhart, which was then a villageof about two hundred inhabitants and found employ- ment in the store of Elijah Beardsley, the only merchant and postmaster of the place. The winter of 1835-6 he taught a three months' term of school, but in 1840, in con- nection with Dr. J. H. Henry, he opened a mercantile establishment, and continued, sometimes with a partner and sometimes without, for nine years, after which he de- voted his time and attention to the duties of justice of the peace and for over twenty-one years adjusted his neighbor's difficulties in a very praisworthy and im- partial manner. He occasionally acted as a surveyor, and surveyed several additions to the town of Elkhart, his duties in this respect being quite arduous. His work was always noted for the care bestowed upon it, as well as for its absolute accuracy. Throughout a long and well-spent life the breath of calumny never found on him a resting place, and all who knew him entertained for him the highest feeling of friend- ship and respect. In politics he was an earnest Republican and in the struggle of the Government to put down the late Rebellion he gave his earnest support to the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 43 Union and sent two sons to the war. He was called from life on the 13th of May, 1879, his death resulting from heart disease. John H. Brodrick has successfully followed various occupations throughout life and is now one of the wealthy capitalists of Elkhart, with the interests of which city he has been identified from the commencement of his career, for here he first saw the light of day on November 9, 1835, his father being Nehemiah F. Brodrick, whose sketch appears above. John H. was educated in the public schools of Elkhart and being ambitious, he, at an early age, opened a furniture establishment which he conducted until the spring of 1800, when he sold out and removed to Shelby county, Ohio, where, for two years, he was engaged in farming in the vicinity of Sidney. In that year he returned to Elkhart and purchased property, and in the fall he joined Company D, One Hundredth Indiana Infantry, with which he served until the war closed, acting in the capacity of commissary sergeant, with headquarters at Louisville, Ky. , during the last winter of the war being on detached hospital duty with the Army of Tennessee. He witnessed many fiercely contested battles, among which were Missionary Ridge, Kenesaw Mountain and the engagements of the Atlanta campaign, beinar on those bloody battlefields issuing rations to the soldiers. He was mustered out of the service in 1865 and returned to his home to once more take up the peaceful pursuits of a civilian's life, and until 1878 was a successful mer- chant and manufacturer. He then decided to follow the advice of Horace Greeley and "go west,"' and in 1878 he found himself in Kansas, where he followed milling and was quite extensively engaged in dealing in real estate in Mitchell and Osborne counties. He built the largest hotel in the Northwest at Osborne, Kan., and named the house "Key West," but it is now known as the Lipton House. In Jan- uary, 1881, he returned to Elkhart, which city has since been his home. He helped to build the starch works at Elkhart, has been a valuable citizen of the city in numer- ous ways, and has expended large sums of money in building up and improving the place. For one year he did business in Goshen, but Elkhart has been the principal scene of his operations. He was married in January, 1860, to Miss Eleanora S. Maxwell, a native of Sidney, Ohio, by whom he has five children: Laura E., wife of C. W. Baldwin, of Osborne, Kan.; Alberta M. , wife of S. E. Ruede; Carl J.; Harry M., and Ralph E. Mr. Brodrick is a member of the Grand Army of the Republic, Shiloh Post, of which he is an honored member. His experience in life has been a varied one, but at the same time one that reflects great credit upon him, and the reputation he has acquired as a shrewd man of business and a public spir- ited citizen has been gained through his own individual efforts and at the expense of hard, practical experience. Hon. Richard W. Thompson was a native of Culpeper county, Va., born in June, 1809, and was descended from one of " the first families of Virginia." \Yhen twenty-two years old he emigrated to Indiana, taught a private school at Bedford and later opened the Lawrence County Seminary. Subsequently he read law, was admitted to the bar in 1834 and the same year was elected to the State legislature, and reelected in 1838. In 1839 he was elected to the State Senate and during his career as a State legislator not only displayed great ability and foresight, but was instrumental in effecting very important legislation. Upon the resignation of Lieut.-Gov. Wallace, Mr. Thompson was president of the Senate pro tempore, and held the office of acting governor during the administration of Hon. Noah Noble. As a Whig he was nominated and elected to Congress in 1841 from the Second dis- trict, and declining a renomination moved to Terre Haute in 1843, where for nearly half a century he was engaged in the practice of the law. In 1847 he was again nominated for Congress by the Whig party, and, accepting the nomination, was re- elected and became a national character because of his prominence in legislative matters. Although tendered the Austrian mission by President Taylor in 1849, he declined the appointment, preferring to remain in his native country. During the war of the Rebellion he rendered the union active and valuable services, was com- 44 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL mandaat of Camp Dick Thompson, near Terre Haute, and also served as provost marshal of the district. In 1 867 he was elected judge of the Eighteenth Judicial District, but declined the candidature of a second term. For a number of years he lived in retirement, steadily refusing political preferment, and turning his attention to literary and educational pursuits, his large and valuable library affording him an ample field for study. In March, 1877, President Hayes appointed him to his cabi- net as Secretary of the Navy, and so ably did he fill the duties of that position that he brought order out of chaos, simplified the duties of his subordinates, dismissed unnecessary employes, established his department on a sound basis and saved sev- eral milliou dollars to the Government that had previously been fi'ittered away. Mr. Thompson is one of the men whose name bears an imperishable imprint on the x^age of Indiana history. He is now in his eighty-fifth year, hale and hearty; he has been a participant in sixteen presidential campaigns and on September 3, 1893, made one of the ablest political speeches of his life, comprising six columns of news- paper print. HoK.iCE S. Hubbard, of the Hubbard Lumber Company, of Elkhart, Ind. , is an en- terprising man of affairs and is engaged in a business that has always held an im- portant place in the commercial centers of the country. The successful conduct of the business employs large capital, and Mr. Hubbard has an extensive yard, well stocked with hard wood and pine lumber, in fact, all sorts of building material is kept constantly on hand. Mr. Hubbard was born in Minneapolis, Minn., June 13, 1859, a son of S. D. and Eliza (Sexton) Hubbard, who were born in Vermont and Hartford, Conn., respectively. The father was one of the early settlers of Minne- sota, and while in that State took part in a number of engagements with the Indians. After some time he removed to Pittsburg, Penn., and almost immediately engaged in the manufacture of axes, saws, shovels, etc., the establishment being now known as the American Ax & Tool Co. Five of the six children born to himself and wife are living: C. S., Nellie S., Horace S., Lucy K. and William H. In the public schools of Pittsburg Horace S. Hubbard was educated, graduating from the high school of that place. His early knowledge of business was acquired in his father's manufactory, but after some time he removed to Elkhart, Ind., about 1882, and later was engaged in merchandising in Chicago and Denver, Colo. In the latter city he was in the hardware business with George Switch Hardware Company, the largest house in its line in the West. Succeeding this he was with the Norman-Percheron Horse Company of Greeley, Colo. , and for some time was engaged in ranching. In Jan- uary, 1891, he embarked in his present business in Elkhart, which he has conducted in a very successful manner. He is a very progressive man of business, is liberal with his patrons and as a result has already become the recipient of much favor and a liberal patronage. Mr. Hubbard was married in 1884 to Miss Nora J., daughter of A. J. Wolf, a prominent business man of Elkhart, and their union has resulted in the birth of one child, a daughter. Hazel O. Mr. Hubbard is quite extensively en- gaged in the real estate business, and is the very efificient manager of the A. J. Wolf estate. He has been a notary public since 1891, and is a member of the Royal Arcanum. He and his wife worship in the Presbyterian Church. Martin G. S.\ge (deceased). Among the noble men- of Elkhart county, Ind., who fulfilled their destiny and are now no more, may be mentioned Martin G. Sage, whose walk through life was characterized by the most honorable business methods, by the keenness of his commercial instincts, by his devotion to his family and friends and by the interest he took in the welfare of his fellow-men. In him Elkhart lost one of its most industrious and successful citizens, and when the final summons came on Sunday, September 11, 1892, there ended a busy, industrious life that had done much to advance the commercial importance of the county and especially the city that had l)een his home for so many years. His natal county was Chautauqua, N. Y., where he first saw the light of day July 24, 1817, and when still a youth numerous burdens were laid upon his slender shoulders and he was intrusted with MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 45 important duties. At the age of sixteen years he was sent by his father to Adams- ville. Cass Co., Mich., to represent him in his business relations with his father's partner, with whom he was engaged in general merchandising. The mill at Adams- ville was erected shortly after young Sage's arrival and he took an active part in superintending its building. His parents and only brother, Norman, followed him to Cass county in 1834, and when the latter had attained his majority the father in- formed his sons that his property was involved, but if they would join him in part- nership and wipe out this obligation, he would transfer the property to them. They accejited, and from that time were intimately associated in their business relations, and being unusually enterprising and energetic, their labors were crowned with success. The father. Moses Sage, died in 1862, after which Martin and Norman continued the business of milling, merchandising and farming, which he had established there, and did all their business and owned everything in common. About 1872 Martin came to Elkhart, Ind., to reside, and joined Norman, who had come in 1869, in the milling business, and until about six years ago they were equal partners in all their enterprises. Then they began to divide up their extensive estate, and up to the death of Martin, the only property held in common was the Harvest Queen Flouring Mill and some land about their beautiful brick residences on Division street. The most of his time was devoted to the management of the mill, but he was also the sole owner of a mill at Adamsville, which property he inherited from his fath< r's estate, held stock in the National Starch Company and stock in the Globe Tissue Paper Mill, besides considerable private property. Always practical and posses-sing methodical habits, these characteristics stood him in good stead in helping to liqui- date his father's indebtedness, and they soon found themselves out of deep water and floating on a prosperous tide. About two weeks prior to his death he was pros- traied with typhoid fever and, owing to his advanced age and enfeebled condition caused by frequent severe sicknesses, he was unable to withstand the resistless onslaughts of the terrible typhus, and he finally succumbed to the grim destroyer. He was surrounded by his family and that of his brother Norman when the end came. He left a widow and two children. Carleton Sage, a sou of his tirst wife, L lura, a sister of Col. R. M. and Guy C. Johnson, of this city, whom he married in February, 1850, and who died in April, 1851. He next married Mrs. Jane Bird, a sister of John S. Merritt, of La Grange, who bore him three children: Ella, Norman Henry and Laura. Ella married George B. Merritt and died about twelve years ago. Norman H. was killed in the Harvest Queen Mill in October, 1886, leaving a little daughter who was adopted by Mr. Sage. Laura is married to Edward Bush- nell, of Chicago. The mother of these children was called from life some fifteen years ago, and in 1881 Mr. Sage wedded his third wife. Miss Mary Mori'ow, who survives him. Although his early educaticmal advantages were quite limited, he was an intelligent and polished gentleman, both by instinct and training, and his ])ersonal appearance was decidedly pleasing. He possessed generous, true-hearted and hospitable instincts, and being kind and social in disposition he won numerous friends and rarely lost them. He kept thoroughly posted on the general topics of the day, and being a man of intellect, he used his wealth to a good advantage and materially aided in the upbuilding of mercantile enterprises which have and do now reflect credit upon the community. He was never so happy as when surrounded iiy his family, to whom he was very devoted, and his many friends, and the affection that always existed between himself and his brother Norman was always a very close and strong one. Undisturbed in the later years of his life by cares other than those he allowed to rest lightly upon him, he devoted much of his time to social pleasures of a quiet kind, and thus gracefully grew old and passed to his reward. He was postmaster at Adamsville, Mich., from about 1840 to 1870. Dr. Porter Turner, the above mentioned gentleman, is a gifted young physician who has seen tit to locate for the practice of his noble and iiseful calling in the 46 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL town where he first saw the light of day — Elkhart, lud., aud owing to a superior knowledge of his calling as well as to his natural kindness of lieart and sympathetic nature he has gathered about him a large number of patrons. He has the happy faculty of inspiring his patients with courage and hope, which goes a long way to- ward "their recovery, and his prospect for a brilliant future in the field of medical science is a very bright one. He was born in July, 1852, to Lyman and Tamar (Wilkinson) Turner, natives of New York and Ohio respectively, but in 1849 this worthy couple took up their residence in Elkhart county. Ind., where the father de- voted his attention to farming until his death, which occurred in 1889, his widow- still surviving him. They became the parents of five children: Porter, and Perry L. , the only ones now living. Dr. Porter Turner was by no means nursed on the lap of luxury in his youth, but he always had an abundance of everything necessary for his comfort, and he fortunately received the advantages of the excellent public schools of Elkhart, and with excellent judgment made the most of his opportunities. All his young life was spent in laboring on the farm, where the very air he breathed seemed to give him hope, pluck and courage, and when he started out in life for him- self at the age of twenty four years, although his inheritance was insufficient to en- able him to start in tberace of life with flattering prospect of building up a large fortune, he did inherit industry, integrity, and that indomitable energy so charac- teristic of men who have become conspicuous in their callings. After deciding to devote his life to medicine, he entered the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago, from which he graduated in 1886, after which he immediately opened an office in Elk^iart and at once arose in popular favor until he now has a sufiicient practice to keep him constantly employed. He pays special attention to general surgery, in which he has done some exceptionally skillful and delicate work, and he seems to have a natural aptitude for this branch of medicine. He is a member of Northern Indiana and the Southern Michigan Homceopathic Medical Society; also theludiana State Medical Society, and he practices among the best people of the county. He belongs to that honorable order, the Knights of Pythias. He was married in 1872 to Miss Charlotte Titus, of Elkhart, by whom he has five children; Willie F. , Nellie, Minnie, Lillian and Carrie. A thoroughly conscientious practitioner of medicine, he entertains the idea that the first and highest obligation of a physician is to his patients, and to discharge that obligation faithfully, requires that he should keep pace with the progress of medical science. This necessitates not only much hard study of the science of medicine itself, but kindred sciences as well. An esti- mable gentleman, as well as a successful physician, honest and conscientious, in his dealings with his patients, upright in all business transactions, and courteous in his intercourse with other members of the profession, he commands the respect of those with whom he is at all intimately associated, and their admiration for his many fine mental qualities. George H. Fister, city clerk of Elkhart, Ind., and a man of much intelligence, force of character and determination, was born in Adrian, Mich., on September 3, 1853, a son of George W. and Johanna R. (Pruden) Fister, who came from the State of New York and were among the early settlers of the State of Michigan in the vicinity of Adrian. The father was a machinist and engineer of much ability and intelligence, attained prominence in his calling, and while a resident of Michigan he held a number of official positions. He died in Toledo, Ohio, in January, 1892, he and his wife having become the parents of the following children: George H., Charles F. aud Colonel P., and one daughter who died in childhood. George H. Fister was about nine years of age when his parents moved to Toledo, and there the principal part of his education was obtained. He possessed quite an artistic temper- meut. and during his youth devoted his attention to that calling and became a very skillful manipulator of the brush, especially in the way of sign and ornamental dec- oration, to which he devoted the most of his attention. So thoroughly did he become the master of tliis art thut as a token of his proficiency he was awarded a medal bj' MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 47 his employers. He served one year as a wood engraver in the firm of French Bros., of ToleJo. and one year was \i\ the commisriion office of John Stevens & Co., but left this firm to take a course in a commercial college, and fitted himself for an act- ive business life in aa institution of Toledo. Since 1877 he has been an honored re.sident of Elkhart, Ind. , and soon after locating here accepted a position with the Lake Shore & Michigan Southein Railroad, as sign writer, in which employ he con- tinued to remain until 1890. at which time he severed his connection with this road and was made the recipient of testimouials from his employers of which he is justly proud. In May, 1890, he was honored with an election to the office of city clerk, and discharged his duties in so satisfactory a manner that he was re-elected iu May, 1892, aad is fully carrj-ing out the good impression he made during his first term. Miss Nellie M. Aldrich, of Elkhart, became his wife April 16, 1879, and has presented Mr. Fister with three children, Arthur A. being the only one now living. One child died of diphtheria August 1, 1890, and the other of the same dread disease two weeks later. Mr. Fister is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, iu both of which worthy organizations he is an honored member. As an illustration of his popularity it is but necessary to state that upon his re-election to his present office he had the largest majority ever given to any man elected to official position in Elkhart. He is a gentleman in every worthy particular and stands very high, not only iu political, but also business and social circles. Thomas A, Hendricks, No man in the State of Indiana ever attained the ideal citizenship, the affection of his neighbors or the lasting regard of the Democracy of the State in a higher degree than Thomas A. Hendricks. The purity of his private life, his simple, unassuming ways, his keen, analytical mind, his brilliancy as a de- bater and his shrewdness as a political manager forever place him among the most eminent men of the nation. John Hendricks, his father, was a farmer by occupa- tion, and the family was one of the pioneers of Westmoreland county, Peun. He married Miss Jane Thomson, and early in the year 1820 moved with his family to In- dinna and settled at Madison, where a brother, William Hendricks, who served as Con- gressman, governor and United States Senator, had preceded him. John Hen- dricks was a deputy surveyor of public lands of Indiana, a position acquired under the administration of President Jackson. He moved to Shelby County in 1822, which was the family home for years. Thomas A. Hendricks was born on a farm near Zanesville, Muskingum Co, Ohio, September 7, 1819. He was reared in In- diana to manhood, and attended college at South Hanover. Early in j'outh he evinced a predilection for the study of law, and after pursuing the usual course of in- struction was admitted to the bar at Shelbyville. His success as a lawyer was not rapid, as is usually the case of prominent men, but was gradual and fairly remuner- ative. The game of politics was always fascinating to him, and is so interwoven with his political career that in his case they are well nigh inseparable. In 18-1:8 he was elected to the State legislature, declining a renomination, and inl850 was unanimously chosen senatorial delegate to the convention empowered to amend the State constitution. In 1851 he was elected to Congress, was re-elected two years later, but in 1854 was defeated for the same position. Much to his surprise, and wholly unsolicited on his part, he was appointed commissioner of the general land office by Pre.sident Pierce in 1855, and for a period of four years he faithfully discharged the duties of this of- fice. In 1860, when national. State and local jiolitics were in a volcanic condition, he was the candidate of the Democratic party for governor, but was defeated bj'Col. Henry I. Lane, who resigned the position in favor of Oliver P. Morton, iu order to ac- cept the election of United States senator. Through Mr. Hendricks' indefatigable efforts Hud personal popularity.the State elected a majority of Democratic legislators in 1862, and they, iuturn for his faithful services, rewarded him by electing him United States senator. Hiscareeras senator was somewhat different from that of many of the prominent membersof his party in the North. He favored the earnest prosecution 48 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of the wiir, voting for all measures to that end; he opposed conscription, and advo- cated all measures teading to the enlistment of troop-i and the payment of bounties. At the close of the war he inaiutained that, inasmuch as the States in rebellion had never been out of the Union, they were entitled to their full and usual representa- tion in Congress, and that these States should have entire control of their respect- ive State governments. He opposed the constitutional amendments on the grounds tliat the rebellious States were not represented, and because, in his opinion, suffi- cient time should elapse for passion to cool and prejudice abate before such action should be taken. After his term of six years as senator had expired he devoted his time to the exclusive practice of law, and having previously (1S60) moved to Indian- apolis he found an extensive Held for his talents. Against his protests he was nom- inated for governor in 1872 and was decisively elected, serving as chief executive ofKcer of the State four years. He liecame the political idol of the Democrats of the State and their earnest support and his national popularity gained for him the vice- presidential nomination in 1876, but was defeated with Gov. Tilden. In 1884 he was again honored by a nomination for this exalted office, and was elected with President Cleveland. In the midst of his administration his career on earth ended. Hon. Cyrus F. Hosier. The facility with which the American soldier laid down the implements of warfare, at the close of the great conflict between the Northern and Sonthern States, and adapted himself to the pursuits of civil life, has been the wonder of all nations, and scarcely less surprising than gratifj'ing to the American people themselves. While not a few very profound citizens of the republic were speculating as to what was to become of the thousands of men mustered out of the armies of the United States, the question was solved by the ex- soldiers themselves, who quietly stepped into the ordinary walks of life, to become the very flower of .American citizenship, and the chief promotors of a national progress which is with- out a parallel in history. In ability, industry, integrity and morality, in respect for the rights of others, and everything that goes to make np a good citizen, the manhood of the nation suffered nothing as a result of the war, biit on the contrary it has been demonstrated that the beardless boys who left the farm, the workshoj). the storeroom and the college, to fight the battles which were to preserve the life of the nation, came out of the conflict as a rule, better fitted for that kind of syste- matic, tireless and persistent effort which wins success, than the young Americans of any generation since the revolutionary period. This fact can not fail to impress itself upon either the writer of American history proper, or of that branch of his- tory which consists of the biographies of those who have achieved sufficient dis- tinction to make the record of their lives of interest to the public. Whenever we attempt to write the history of a great enterprise, we find among its chief promot- ers, men who were at Vicksburg, Donelson, Gettysburg, or Appomattox; we find the same class of men on the bench, at the bar, in the pulpit, in high official ])osi- tions, and in the field of medicine, and wherever we find them, with rare exceptions, they reflect the highest credit upon their respective callings. The subject of this sketch was one who donned the blue uniform and fought bravely for the old flag, serving with distinction through the Rebellion. He comes of good old fighting stock, his paternal grandfather having fought and died for independence. Mr. Mosier was born on June 21, 1840, and is a descendant of English ancestors, in- heriting their thrift and enterprise. He is the son of Cyrus and Rebecca (Weeks) Mosier, natives of the Empire State, where the father, in connection with the mill- wright trade, carried on a carriage manufactory. The Weeks family was related to the Mosier family on the mother's side, and several members of this family were killed in the noted Wyoming massacre. The parents of our subject had born to their union three children, as follows: Horace (deceased), Cyrus F., and Charles who was drowned in a spring. Cyrus F. was but two months old when bis father died, and his mother afterward removed to Corning, N. Y., where she resided for six vears From there she moved toward the setting sun and settled in New Haven, God. CLAUDE MATTHEWS. AfEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 49 Ind., where she married Kufus McDonald, one of the prominent men of that sec- tion. By this union two children were Iwru, only one, Rutus, now living. The original of this notice has known the demands of poverty, and consorted with them if any man has, but his honesty, goodness, energy and perseverance have brought their rewards which he and family are now enjoying. When but a boy he started out to tight his own way in life, and first stopped at Newville, Ind., where he se- cured employment and schooling during the winter mouths, for six years, working during the summer seasons for his schooling the following winter. At the end of this time he was offered the principalship of this school and after serving in that capacity for some time, he accepted other positions. Mr. Mosier is not an educated man in the technical sense of the word, but he harmonizes cause and effect so log- ically, that he is recognized as one whose opinion is of much weight. In 1861. on the first call for troops in the State, he was the first man to enlist in the call from De Kalb county. He joined Company F, Twelfth Regiment as private and later was made sergeant of Company E. Fifty-fifth Regiment. Still later he was made first lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment, and served in that capacity for two years and one month, or until about the close of hos- tilities. He was captured with about seven thousand men, but made good his escape before seeing the inside of prison walls. He was in many hotly contested battles during service, and no braver soldier trod the red sod of a battle field. Returning home after the war, he engaged in the manufacture of brick, continued this two years, and then located in New Haven, Ind., where he was employed as a teacher in the vicinity. For seventeen years he was one of the prominent educators of that section, and in that capacity his peculiar capabilities shone forth in their brightest splendor. He served two terms as city attorney of New Haven, and being a Re- publican and the town being strongly Democratic, demonstrated very clearly the hold Mr. Mosier had upon the affection of the people. From there he moved to Maysville, Ind., and started a newspaper, but in the spring of 1877 he removed to Bristol, Elkhart county, and started the Bristol Banner, a publication which has much to do with molding public sentiment inside its circulation, and which influ- ence sent Mr. Mosier two terms to the Indiana Legislature from this countj' in 1882, a position he filled with credit to himself and his party. Had he not declined peremptorily, he might have been returned in 1888, but like the true gentleman, he felt he had been honored enough, and stood aside, cheerfully, only, however, to work the harder for his successor. He still owns and controls the Bristol Banner and its crisp and trenchant editorials command an ever widening area of circulation, while they carry with them that weight and authority which a clear, calm and intelligent judgment must always secure. Mr. Mosier is the president of the People's Mutual Benefit Society, a position he has held for years, and though subject to deposition by the stockholders at their annual, he is nevertheless periodically, made his own successor, which compliments his integrity, evidences his popularity, and in so many words says: '' Leave well enough alone. " He has erected a good substantial busi- ness block in Bristol, and is prosperous. He is deeply interested in anything that points to the elevation of the city of his adoption, is popular with the masses, urbane toward all, and if there be anything wanting in his makeup to make him a Christian gentleman, no one has discovered it. He enjoys his well-earned re- ward with dignity, while his home is a green spot after day's duty is over, Mrs. Mosier being a true counterpart of her excellent husband, and as cheerful and generous a dispenser, and what may be said of him can be said of few, that he is never spoken ill of, and while there may be better people in the city, it will take the umpire of ceremonies to discover them. He is a man of stalwart simplicity and fine discrimination between right and wrong, and having the courage of his convictions, he is a fighter no matter what the odds. He has a plain but forcible manner in appealing to public sentiment, which makes him one of the people as an integer, and which would elevate him politically, if he possessed the cheek of the 50 riCTOIilAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL average office-seeker, but being Ijiiilt on a more modest plane, it works to bis dis- advantage, though proljably more to his taste. One of the strongest traits of his character is prudence, never acting until all doubt is removed, and the outcome logically weighed, and when decided, he rides down obstacles against all bias, hon- orable in expense, liberal in contributions to what promises utility, but unworthy calls on his charity get the cold shoulder, and it may truly be said that nature and fortune lind in him a combine seldom met, which is why he and Elkhart get on together well, and why each is proud to own the other, and may he and his live long in the friendship of the city of their adoption. Mr. Hosier was elected a member of the school board and e.x-officio member county board of education for three terms in succession and was secretary of the board at the same time. He is treasurer of the Fidelity Building & Savings Union of Indianapolis, where he spends much of his time, and socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the G. A. R. He was married on May 24, 1863, to Miss Drusilla L. Roe, and they have one child living, Horace. Urtis V. and Inez B. are deceased. Horace oc- cupies the chair of manager of the loan department of Fidelity Building & Loan Company, at a good salary, although only twenty years of age. E. T. Oilman, manager of the People's Mutual Benefit Society, Elkhart, Ind., is a courteous and genial gentleman, and, besides being respected for his intelligence and ability, is popular in business and social circles. The county of his birth is Essex, N. Y., where he first saw the light of day in the month of February, 1839, a son of Hiram H. and Elizabeth K. (Palmer) Gilman, natives of the States of Ver- mont and New York respectively, their ancestors being of English origin and on coming to the New World, ranking among the leading settlers of New England. The parents of Hiram H. Gilman died when he was quite young, and he was reared by his "Aunt Patty," known as the "bear killer" from the fact that during the pioneer days she killed a bear unaided, when a girl. Mr. Gilman was brought up to a knowledge of hard labor in his youthful days, but the knowledge thus learned in the rough school of experience made a man of him and taught him to rely upon his own resources when yet very young. He was married in New York State and his union resulted in the birth of three sons and two daughters, of which family four members are still living, William W., Julia S., E. T. and Eleazer E. The father died in Minnesota in 1873 and his wife in Dakota ten years later. E. T. was reared in the State of his birth and was given the advantage of the " little red school house" in which he made the most of the opportunities given him; and he eventually turned his attention to " teaching the young idea" in connection with tilling the soil. In 1861 the threatened attitude of political affairs attracted his serious atten- tion and he became an ardent supporter of the grand old " stars and stripes. " In the month of July, 1862, his name was inscribed on the rolls of Company B, One Hundred and Twenty-third New York Volunteers, the fortunes of which he fol- lowed in numerous bloody encounters with the enemy and on various long and toil- some marches. He was at Chancellorsville, Gettysburg and in all the engagements with Sherman on his famous "Atlanta campaign" and subsequent march to the sea. His career as a soldier was marked by many hardships, which he bore with soldierly fortitude and by undaunted courage displayed on the march, in camp and on the field of battle. After the termination of hostilities and an honorable dis- charge from the services of Uncle Sam at the close of the war of the Rebellion he located in the Green Mountain State where he engaged in agriculture for some time, but preferring commercial pursuits he entered the employ of a lumber firm at Fort Edward, N. Y. , as bookkeeper, where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business of manufacturing lumber, so extensively carried on upon the North River, remaining until 1871. At this period he married Miss Eliza M. True, of Glens Falls, a daughter of one of the sturdy old pioneers of the State of New York, soon after which he settled at Williamsport, Penn,, and engaged in the lumber and ]ilan- ing-mill business. This he conducted in an efficient and profitable manner until MEMOIKS OF INDIANA. 51 1876, when lie engaged in life insurance, being appointed, general agent for the old Charter Oak Life Insurance Company. After remaining with this company for five years he resigned and engaged in manufactures at Chicago, 111., which calling occupied his attention until 1885, when he disposed of his interest in the business and returned to life insurance, entering the employ of the Phcenix, of Hartford and locating at Albany, N. Y. In 1888 he accepted the position of general traveling agent for the People's Mutual Benefit Society, of Elkhart, and at the end of two years was given a position in the home office as superintendent of the agency department, which position he held until the resignation of the vice-president, M. E. Galvin, now of Detroit. Mr. Gilman was then chosen vice-presirlent and general manager of the society and is now faithfully discharging the duties of those posi- tions. He is a thorough practical man of affairs, is wide avsake, pushing and enter- prising, keenly alive to the interests of the company, honorable in all his business transactions and has the happj- faculty of making friends of all with whom he has business relations. His brother, William, a prospeions farmer of Newton county, at present represents his senatorial district in the State Legislature at Indianapolis. In the Masonic fraternity he is a Sir Knight, and as a member of the G. A. R., a member of Elmer Post. His second marriage was to Miss Alice Hawks, of New York City, a most estimable and accomplished lady, whose early life was passed in the pleasant village of Sandy Hill, N. Y. He is a member of the Baptist Church. Capt. Henry C. Dodge. It was the lot of Henry C. Dodge to come into this liusy world at a time and under surroundings calculated not only to develop the best that was in him, but to so combine or unite the elements of his character as to form a symmetrical whole, self-reliant, broadguaged. courageous, full of tactile resources, with an unusual power of blending the theoretical and the practical, and with all the elements of mind and heart to make a representative man and citizen. On October 9, 1843, when he was born in Delaware county, Ohio, that State and Indiana, where he was brought by his parents in 1847, were both yet in the hands of the pioneers and the day of invention and wonderful progress was just dawning. No man could foretell the future, as the advancement was destined to be so sudd<>n and biilliaiit that historj' could furnish no comparison for the guidance of the mind. It, was an intellectual, generative era, a date when the blended civilizations of many n.vtionalities on this continent were united into a new type of mind — one of ccn- trivance or invention, a dominant, aggressive intelligence that was destined to give to the world the telegraph, telephone, triple-expansion engine, the electric motor and countless other wonderful contrivances to save labor and render mankind happy. It was the fortune of Mr. Dodge to have been liorn under these influences, amid these surroundings and impulses; and it must be remembered that circumstances, in a large degree, make the man. But let us look a little closer into his sur- roundings and weigh the influence of conditions on his manners and mind. It was a lucky thing for Mr. Dodge, as it is for thousands of our best citizens at present, to have been reared on a farm in the country, away from the contami- nating influences of the city. It thus came to pass that when at the age of sixteen years, in 1859, he entered a drug store in Elkhart, Ind., his habits were simple and good, his mind and morals pure and his character fresh, manly and buoyant. Pre vious to this event his schooling had been very meager, consisting simply of two terms at the common schools of the country. His father, Charles Dodge, was a man of comfortable circumstances, but was one of the juoneers, with their habits and views of life. He died in 1885, preceded l)y his wife five years. Thus at twelve years of age he began life's battle upon his own responsibility. Necessarily his educational advantages were limited anil what he had was self-acquired. On the death of his father he went to live with an uncle in Ohio, but when his uncle attt-mpted to thresh him for some fancied wrong he ran away, and, barefoot, walked to Elkhart, Ind. Thus was his advent in this city. When fifteen years old he swung a cradle in the harvest field, making his full hand for 50 cents i)er dav. That 53 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL year he lived alone in a deserted house, boarding himself, and saved $85. The next year he chopped cord- wood and owing to the scarcity of money took his pay in maple sugar. The change came in the life of Henry C , when the family came to Elkhart county in 1847. His approaching manhood, his quick perception and his new surroundings made a man of him when he entered the drug store of Lloyd W. Burns in Elkhart in 1859. I'rom that time forward until August, 1862, he remained in this store, though iu the meantime the owner, Mr. Burns, died and the property passed to Isaac Bueklen. During this period he studied medicine and otherwise in a large measure supplemented the deficient education of his earlier years. In fact this was the formative period in his career. With sound health and a mind of unusual penetration, he found himself able to grasp all the great public questions of the day, and to take a correct and comprehensive view of the duties of life. In other words he found that he possessed higher qualities than those required to plod along like a snail through life. It thus occurred that in 1862 he was a broad-souled man of unusual intelligence and of unswerving princi- ples and patriotism. In the month of August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company G, Sev- enty-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, in which capacity he served with honor until April, 1863, when he was appointed hospital steward of his regiment and served thus until March 3, 1865. On the 1st of January, 1865, he was promoted to acting assistant surgeon of his regiment with the rank of captain of cavalry, receiving his commission from Gov. O. P. Morton, and was the youngest man in the service occupy- ing so responsible a position. But he had won the promotion and honor by gallantry and a stern adherence to duty. He served in this capacity until the cessation of hostilities and was honorably discharged from the service at Indianapolis, June 29, 1865. While serving in the ranks he participated in many of the hottest engage- ments of the war. He was in the tierce encounter at Perry ville, Kv. , where the right wing of the Federal army was crushed and swept back with dreadful slaughter. At Castillian Springs, Tullahoma, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Boost, Etowah River, Peach Tree Creek, siege of Atlanta, and many other places, he bore an honorable part. He was at bloody Chickamauga where the right wing of the Federals was pierced and rolled upon Thomas the ''rock of Chickamauga" and sent flying back to Chattanooga through the mountain gap. At the assault on Jonesboro he was detailed by Gen. Jeff. C. Davis to take command of a squad of thirty men and remove the wounded. He participated in Sherman's famous march to the sea and in the subsequent campaign through the Carolinas. At the battle of Jonesboro he received two gunshot wounds and remained for some time in the field hospital — the beautiful private residence of some wealthy Georgia fire-eater. After his recovery and at the end of the war, he returned to Elkhart and formed a i^artnership in the drug business with J. H. Scott in which business he continued uutil 1876, and for the last six years of this time spent his leisure moments in studying law. In 1878 he was admitted to the bar by Judge Wood, and imme- diately entered upon the practice of his profession. He subsequently formed a partnership with Hon. O. Z. Hubbell, which was dissolved after one year. In 1890 and 1891 he was in partnership with his brother, J. S. Dodge, but" since the last named year has practiced alone. As a lawj'er he stands at the head of his pro- fession. His early training of sincerity and his dominant qualities of persist- ence, penetration and logic, sustained by a rare adroitness and by masterly sagacity, eminently fit him for the legal profession, of which he is a distinguished ornament. He is absolutely self-made. He is a sound Republican, but is not an office-seeker, though his gifts fit him for any position of that character. Mr. Dodge is probably the most enterprising citizen of Elkhart. He is always foremost in the promotion of any measure having for its object the improvement of the city, county or State. He is the builder of six of the largest and finest business blocks in Elkhart; is at present the owner of four of them, and has MEMOIRS OF INDIAXA. 53 erected more buildings here than any other individual. His residence is one of the finest in the city. His faith in the development of Elkhart led him into the real estate business. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and of the G. A. R. In 1865 he was united in marriage with Miss Florence M. Conn, a sister of Hon. C. G. Conn, and by her has three children: Charles H., Edith M. and Ralph. He was married a second time, in 1891, to Nannie E. Brown. James S. Dodge, born in Morrow county, Ohio, August 24, 1846, accompanied his parents to Elkhart county in 1849. Charles Dodge, his father, a native of New York, settled in Ohio while yet it was the frontier; while Melissa (Shaw) Dodge, his mother, a native of Pennsylvania, came with her parents to Ohio in pioneer days. In 1848 the family removed from Ohio to Elkhart county, where the mother died in Baugo township in 1850, and the father in Cleveland township in 1856. Of their five children three are living, namely: Henry C, James S. , and Pelig S. — the latter of Stanton, Mich. James S. Dodge returned to his native county in Ohio immedi- ately after his father's death, and there remained with relatives, working on the farm or attending school until 1863. Maryland and Pennsylvania felt the tread of Lee's magnificent army. The whole North was aroused, and every regiment in the field was soon recruited. In June Mr. Dodge enlisted in Company M, Third Ohio Cavalry, and joined the regiment at Chattanooga, Tenn., September 18, the day before Bragg attacked Gen. Rosecrans at Chickamauga, Ga. He found himself in the midst of war with the spirit of a soldier; but without a soldier's drill or knowledge of military life. He participated in that battle, and later in the san- guinary affairs at Missionary Ridge, Rocky-faced Ridge, Snake Creek Gap and every other field where the fiag of the Third Ohio Cavalry was seen, from Chat- tanooga to Atlanta — Big Shanty, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek and the battles arouad Atlanta being the principal engagements. When Atlanta was lost to the Confederate cause, the victorious brigade, to which the Third Ohio Cavalry was attached, returned to Nashville and took part in the last fight there, December 15- 16, 1864, when the Federals, under Thomas, defeated the Confederates under Hood. The brigade was employed for a time in the pursuit of Hood's scattered and flying troops, riding as far as Selma, Ala., thence to Columbus, Ga., and on to Macon, where the regiments forming the brigade were disbanded in July, 1865, and the men sent forward to Nashville to receive honorable discharge. Mr. Dodge did not escape the hardships and dangers of those terrible days. At Chickamauga he received a sabre wound, and in the rear of Atlanta a second and more serious one; but his youth and sturdy constitution were equal to hardships and wounds. He enlisted as a private, and rose to be orderly sergeant toward the close of the war. At Farm- ington, Tenn., his horse was killed under him; but he jumped on a riderless Confed- erate horse and rejoined his command in twenty minutes. Returning to Elkhart in September, 1865, he entered the high school for one term and received a teacher's certificate in November following. The two succeeding winters he had charge of a school in Penn township, St. Joseph county. Early in 1866 he began the study of medicine under Dr. R. J. Haggerty. For three years this study, attending lectures at the University of Michigan and teaching school occupied his time and attention, and on March 1, 1869, he graduated from the medical department of the university and at once entered on his professional career in Elkhart county. For sixteen years he was a well-known and successful physician, until rheumatism, contracted at Gravelly Springs, Ala., during the war, made the duties of a physician almost im- possible for him to observe. In 1883-4 he devoted his leisure hours to law studies, and in 1884 was admitted to the bar of Elkhart county and subsequently to the bar of the State Supreme Court. In 1892 he became the candidate of his district for Congressional honors. His long residence among the people of the Thirteenth Con- gressional District of Indiana, his knowledge of them and his sympathy with them all pointed him out as one who, if elected, would have made an able representative. He was unsuccessful at the polls, but made one of the most vigorous canvasses ever 54 ITCTOIilAL AND DlOGRAl'IllCAI. o nducted in the district. In May, 1875, he married Miss Jeannette J. Peck, a na- tveof New York. Tlieir son, Jamie S., was born July 2, 1876, and their daugh- er, Beruice, June 1, 1884. The family worship in the English Protestant Episco- pal Church. Mr. Dodge organized Harrison Cathcart Post 96, G. A. E., and was elected first commander. Throughout northern Indiana he aided in the estal)lish- ment of many posts of this excellent military order. He is a sound stump speaker, and every two years makes the round of the Thirteenth District, meeting old friends 'and telling to them some wholesome political truths. With all his attention to Grand Army and political affairs, he loves his home and family circle. With the rich and poor he is the same genial gentleman, who knows humanity, honors its suc- cesses and sympathizes with its failures. Liberality and benevolence are character- istic of the man. He ispractical in everything, as shown liy his entering the high school after serving as a soldier and changing ]irofessious in ISS-I. He studies cause audefFect closely, and his conclusious are reliable. Charles H. Winchester, banker. This intelligent and e.xperienced man of affairs of Elkhart, Ind. , is a representative of that sturdy race, the Scotch, which has contributed so much to the thrift, the industry and prosperity of this country. He was born in Dutchess couuty, N. Y. , January 14, 1837, a son of David and Harriet (Andrus) Winchester, natives of New York State. The paternal grandfather, Aiuariah Winchester, was a soldier in the war of 1812 and by trade was a hatter, which calling he pursued with profit to himself and to the satisfaction of his patrons. The father of the subject of this sketch was a tanner and currier, and in the conduct of his affairs was no less successful than was his father, but he unfortunately experi- enced some heavy losses, and in order in a measure to retrieve them he emigrated to the (then) wilds of Michigan, and for twelve years thereafter conducted an hotel at Allen, Hillsdale couuty. Succeeding this he returned to a farm on which the remain- der of his life was spent. Of six children born to himself and wife four are living at the pi-eseut time: Andrew, who resides in Chicago: Charles H.; Amariah, who resides on the old homestead in Michigan, and a daughter, Maria, who resides in Pataha City, Wash. The patrimony which Charles H. Winchester inherited from his ]>arents was not sufficient to enable him to begin the battle of life with flattering prospects of building up a large fortune, but he inherited a good constitution and sufficient energy, industry and push to enalde him to successfully battle with the worlJ, in which he was aided to some extent by having received a practical education in the common schools. He was seven years of age when his parents located in Michigan, and until he was eighteen years of age he assisted his father in and about the hotel, but at the end of that time he took charge of the farm which his father owned and conducted with success until he was twenty-two years of age, when he vacated in favor of his younger brother and entered a store which was owned by another brother with whom he remained as a clerk for about eighteen months. Owing to clo-ie confinement in this establishment, his health began failing him and he turned his attention to other pursuits for some time and eventual!}' regained his former vigor. In December, 1861. he purchased the remnants of a grocery store, which consisted principally of old boxes, barrels and scales, for which he paid $112, going in (^ebt for the same. He then made a trip to Toledo to purchase goods and also went in debt there to the amount of §163, the gentleman of whom he made his pur- chases being an old acquaintance and a personal friend. In connection with this establishment he conducted a lunch room until the spring of 1862, and succeeded in making some money. He then went to New Y'^ork City, where he made quite a heavy purchase of Avy goods, including boots and shoes, and for some twenty-five years thereafter conducted a general mercantile store, during which time he built up a record for fair business dealing, energy and perseverance which has not been sur- passed, and seldom equaled, by any business man of Elkhart county. In addition to this, in connection with his father-in-law, Goodwin Howard, he was engaged in the purchase and sale of stock, and for a number of years they were the most MEMOIR.'i OF IXDIAXA. 55 extensive dealers iu the coiiaty. In 1879 they purchased a stock of hardware, which was well supplied with a stock of agricultural implements, and he conducted this successfully in connection with his general store. In 1886 he disposed of bofh his stores and took up his residence in Elkhart, where he assumed the duties of president of the First National Bank, which position he has filled with distinguished ability up to the present time. Since 1872 he has been a stockholder in Hillsdale First National Bank, and in 1883 was made president of the Quincy First National Bank, which position he still retains. The bank with which he is connected is a firmly established institution, is conducted in the most creditable manner and is a great acquisition to the county. Mr. Winchester has never had any political aspirations, but has always attended strictly to his business, and as a result is one of the sub- stantial men of the county and is in independent circumstances. For fourteen years he was treasurer of the Hillsdale County Agricultural Society, known as the best county society in the State, is president of the Union Building & Loan Association and treasurer of the Elkhart & Western Railroad. He is a well-known member of the A. F. & A. M. In 1S60 he was married to Miss Harriet \V. Howard, of Allen, Mich., by whom he has one child: Nellie J., wife of W. H. Knickerbocker, who is cashier of the Fii'st National Bank of Elkhart. Personally Mr. Winchester is one of the most popular of men, but is of a modest and retiring disposition and does not seem to value himself at his true worth. Hon. Oliver Perry Morton, deceased. No other man has ever been more renowned and honored in Indiana, none has ever attained so warmly the affection of the people, and, of all those born within her borders, none have contributed so largely to the honor and dignity of the State as the subject of this sketch. Born August 4, 1823, in Wayne county, Ind. , he was the son of James T. and Sarah (Miller) Morton. His youth and early manhood gave no evidence of his future greatness, but on the contrary was of a similar character to that of thousands of other poor boys of that day. At Miami College, Oxford, Ohio, where he completed his schooling, he acquired the distinction of being the best debater in the college, and after a two years' course he began the study of law at Indianaj)olis and was admitted to the bar in 1847. Five years after that time he was appointed circuit judge by the governor, but he preferred the more active career of a practitioner to that of wearing the judicial robes. Until 1860 he was in active practice and during this time became celebrated as one of the ablest advocates ever produced by the State. Until 1854 he was a Democrat, but was radically opposed to the extension of slav- ery. He became a Republican upon the organization of that party and iu 1856 was one of the three delegates sent from Indiana to the Pittsburg convention. This same year he was nominated by the Republicans, by acclamation, for the governor- ship, and although defeated at the polls, he was elected to preside in the hearts of his countrymen as the ideal statesman. He never appealed to men's passions, but always to their intellect and reason, and whether in attack or defense proved himself a ready and powerful debater. From this campaign of 1856, unsuccessful though it was, Mr. Morton's popularity in the State is dated and from this time forth he became the recognized leader of the Republican party in Indiana. In 1860 he was nominated for lieuteuautgovernor, with Hon. H. S. Lane for governor, with the distinct understanding that, if the party was successful, Mr. Lane should be sent to the United States Senate and Mr. Morton become governor. The election of the Republican ticket was followed by the prompt fulfillment of this understanding, and thus, at the early age of thirty-seven years, Mr. Morton became governor of Indi- ana. It is said that "great emergencies make great men," and as it so did iu the case of Gen. Grant, it likewise did in Gov. Morton's case. Like a black thunder- cloud athwart the horizon, the secession movement loomed balefully over the polit- ical sky and threatened the disruption of the Union. Gov. Morton, upon taking his seat, found himself supported by a loyal majority, but, to the shame of Indiana, he was confronted by a secret, active, unscrupulous minorit}', whose sympathy was O'^xs. 56 PICTORIAL ANB BIOORAPHIGAL only with the secession movement, but whose active aid and assistance were extended to the disloyalists. In the face of these obstacles he was the first governor to proffer President Lincoln troops, and through his personal pledge was enabled to raise funds for the prosecution of the war which a disloyal Legislature refused doing. As "war governer" Mr. Morton was perfection, and taking it all the way through his two terms as governor were of such a brilliant character as to call forth the admira- tion of every I'eading man in the nation. The Legislature elected in 1866 made him one of Indiana's United States senators, and he was again chosen to this position upon the expiration of his first term. His readiness in debate, his keen, analytical miud and his wonderful ability made him one of the foremost men in the Senate chamber and enhanced his popularity as a national character. He was a prominent ciiudidate for the presidential nomination before the Cincinnati convention that nom- inated President Hayes, and in 1870 he was offered the English mission by Presi- dent Grant but declined the position. No name shines with brighter luster in the history of our county than that of Gov. Morton. He died November 1, 1877. NoKMAN Sage is an experienced banker and capitalist of Elkhart, and is devot- ing his attention to a calling that is acknowledged to be the first and most important thing to give impetus to business. Banking is the lubricant of the engine of mercantile life, and when properly managed is also the governor and safety valve. A fine example of this is seen in the St. Joseph Valley State Bank, of which Mr. Sage is the president, a position he has held almost from the time of its organiza- tion, and has proved himself to be an energetic, active and reliable officer. Like his worthy brother, he was born in Chautauqua county, N. T. , March 6. 1819, but his parents, Moses and Nancy (Goldsmith) Sage, were natives of Vermont, from which State the father enlisted in the war of 1812. In early life he followed the healthful, independent and happy life of a farmer, but afterward turned his atten- tion to merchandising, and in 183-1 came to Cass county, Mich. , thinking to better his financial condition, where he purchased a mill power, which he carried on in connection with merchandising, until his death in 1862. At the time of his removal to what was then the wilds of Michigan, Norman was about fourteen years of age, and up to that time had received such education as the schools of Fredonia, N. Y., afforded, but upon reaching Adamsville, Mich., the principal part of his time was devoted to assisting his father and, as above stated, when he had attained his majority, he became his business partner, and bent all his energies to the task of cancelling his father's obligations, and in due course of time their efforts were crowned with success. Although this school was a rather rough one, it was a most thorough one, and taught him to be self-reliant, and he learned lessons of industry, frugality and honesty, that were the stepping stones to his success in later years. The firm was at first linown as Moses Sage & Sons, but after the father's demise it was changed to M. G. & N. Sage, and remained such until about 1868. Mr. Sage and his brother conducted their affairs in a manner peculiarly their own, and dur- ing the forty-five years that they were business associates, they never kept an account against the other, but would take what they required out of their stock. They followed this plan to their mutual satisfaction until about six years ago, when they decided to conduct their affairs in a more methodical and business-like manner. Their business relations were most harmonious, and they were among the prominent men of affairs of Elkhart, and their whole lives from boyhood up, in every walk, whether social, political, or in business pursuits, were but exemplifications of the noble characteristics, honor, truth and civility. Norman Sage has ever been a warm espouser of any enterprise that has commended itself to his excellent judgment, and as a business man, his commercial instincts are keen and far-seeing. He possesses much tact, is an affable, thorough gentleman, and in him Elkhart ]iossesses a public spirited, enterprising and law-abiding citizen. He has given his attention to banking since 1874, but aside from the duties of this position he has found time to devote to other pursuits also, and has been treasurer of the City Gas Company MEMOIRS OF INDI.\JSfA. 57 for about eighteen years; was treasurer of the Elkhart Starch Works during its existence, and treasurer of the Straw Board Company during its existence. In his early life he was the owner of extensive lands in Michigan, and in that State is still the owner of a magnificent farm, but has placed its management in the hands of others. For a number of years he was treasurer of the Ball & Sage Wagon Com- pany, is a stockholder in the Globe Tissue Paper Company, the City Gas Company and, in fact, has been prominently identified with the progress of the city in almost every way, and has been enthusiastic in aiding causes in any way tending to its advance- ment. In 1841 Mr. Sage was married to Miss Juno A. Adams, by whom he became the father of one son living, Charles S., and after her death he espoused Miss Eliza J. Adams, in 1859, to which union two children were given: Frank A. , who is assistant cashier of the St. Joseph Valley Bank, and Jennie G. Mr. Sage is a member of the order of Chosen Friends and the Eoyal Arcanum. He has a beautiful, comfortable and tasteful home, where it is his delight to welcome his numerous friends, and the generous and true-hearted, yet unostentatious hospitality displayed is thoroughly appreciated by all who gather beneath his roof. E. A. Campbell was born in New York City, October 20, 1838. His parents, Augustus and Mary (Conklin) Campbell, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of New York City, claim an American ancestry antedating the Revolution. The Campbells are descended from the Irish legionaries, the Scots, who drove out the Picts, or Cruithne, from Scotland and took possession of northern Britain in the sixth century. The Conklins are of Dutch descent, the first of the name in America settling on the Island of New Amsterdam. It is related that Cornelius Campbell, the great-uncle of Augustus, captured a horse from the British at Trenton, N. J., which he at once presented to General Washington. Matthias Cambell, father of Augus- tus, a professor of music, died in New Jersey. His father in-law (Conklin) was a chair-mater in New York. Augustus Campbell moved to New York in his youth, and became a contractor and builder, carrying on work in that city and Brooklyn, until his death, September 15, 1887. He was twice married, first to a daughter of Preserved Fish, of New York, to whom one son was born, and secondly to Miss Conklin, the mother of the subject of this sketch. E. A. Campbell was ediicated in his native city. In 1855 he accompanied his uncle, Isaac Ammerman, to St. Joseph, Mich. Finding employment in a saw mill there, he worked for two years, when he received injuries which required treatment at the hands of the able surgeons in New York City. After his recovery he located in Rahway, N. J., and learned the carriage-trimmer's trade in the shop of his uncle, William Jewell. A term of two years there closed his career in the East; for he turned his steps toward the setting sun, and without money, worked his way on the Erie Canal to Buffalo. Thence he set out for Michigan, an-ived at Kala- mazoo, worked at his trade until 1865, when he located at Elkhart, Ind. In 1869 he established his carriage shops, which are still carried on by him with his son, Edward F. Campbell, manager. In 1886 Mr. Campbell was elected city treasurer, an office which he has held continuously down to the present time. He declined renomi- nation in the year 1892; but was a candidate for the county treasuryship. His record as city treasurer is not only without reproach, but it is also superior to that of any predecessor in the office. This fact is known and appreciated; so that the higher county position will be his if nominated by the convention for that office. He is prominent in Pythian circles and in the order of Chosen Friends, who elected him delegate to the Supreme Council, held at Washington, D. C, in September, 1890. He aided in organizing the pioneer tire department of Elkhart, and was elected chief. In this connection he follows in his father's footsteps; for the name of Augustus Campbell is found on the rolls of the fire department of New York and Brooklyn — his badge. No. 371. being now in possession of Edward A. Mr. Campbell was married to Miss Mattie A, Fosdick, a native of Illinois, Febru- ary, 22, 1864. They are the parents of Gertrude M. , and Edward F. He is 58 PICTORIAL A^'D BIOGUAPUICAL credited with being one of the whole-souled men of Elkhart. His interest in the welfare of the city has alwaj's been recognized, while his business and social methods have placed him in that enviable position, where his word is as good as his bond. During the latter part of 1892 Mr. Campbell was nominated as a candidate for county treasurer on the Democratic ticket held in Goshen, Ind. , and after making a short speech the band struck up "The Campbells are coming.'' At the close of the campaign it was found that Mr. Campbell was elected by a majority of seventy- three, but was counted out on the theory that certain members of the several elec- tion boards had not signed the poll-books properly. Mr. Campbell at once appealed to the courts and after a hotly contested trial before special Judge Hubbard, of South Bend, it was decided that the votes should be counted as cast, which gave Mr. Campbell the office of treasurer of Elkhart County. The decision of the judge gave univeral satisfaction, both parties assenting. Mr. Campbell is now a resident of Goshen and will work hard for the interest of the taxpayers of his county, and says that if he can make as good a record as some of his predecessors he will have the assurance that the public will be satisfied with his administration. C. H. Chase, president of the Review Printing Company, of Elkhart; Ind., is a gentleman of marked business ability, and possesses the resourcefulness for which the native New Englander has become noted. Set him down where you will, and if he does not begin bettering his condition without any unnecessary delay, he will be doing violence to the history and traditions of his people, and will be no more worthy to be called a son of New England. Certain it is that those who had the good fortune to be born in New England, or to be descended from New England stock, have attained prominence in whatever section they have located, and certain it is also that, however humble their stations in life, they had a knowledge and com- prehension of the science of economics peculiar to themselves. They knew the value of money, and were masters of the art of multiplying their dollars. They knew how to be frugal without being miserly, and could be hospitable and generous with- out being wasteful or extravagant. They were models of industry and activity, and so uniformly successful in building up comfortable fortunes, as to make the value of these qualities to their possessor strikingly apjjarent to one who takes the trouble to familiarize himself with the history of the New England people. To this class of people belongs C. H. Chase, who was born in Franconia, N. H. , November -t, 1833, his parents, Joseph C. and Lucretia (Demick) Chase, having also been born in the Granite State, and were descended from English stock. Their ancestors came to this country in the historic ship, the Mayflower, and some of the cooking utensils which were used by them on that vessel are still in possession of the fam- ily. The Chases trace their ancestry back eight generations, all of whom were hon- ored residents of New England. The maternal grandfather, Benjamin Demick, was a soldier in the war of 1812, stationed at Portsmouth, N. H., while the paternal grand- father, Paul Chase, was a prominent contractor and merchant but became financially involved during the crisis of 1836-7. Joseph C. Chase, his son and the father of the subject of this sketch, was also a merchant and at the time of his death was con- nected with the Boston Herald, having charge of the advertising department. He was at one time considerable of a politician and was in the custom house under James Buchanan, but was ousted from that office on account of his Douglas proclivities. He died in the city of Boston on the 4th of April, 1859, having been a man of con- siderable prominence and a stanch Democrat throughout life. He was the father of four sous and one daughter, of which familj' three members are now living: Charles H.. George S. and William E. The eldest of these sons, Charles H., was a resident of his native place until about seven years of age, at which time he was taken to Derby Line, Vt., by his parents, and his education was obtained in Stanstead Academy, an institution he attended until he was about fourteen years of age. He then entered the office of the Sherbrooke Gazette, of Sherbrooke, Canada, MEMOIliS OF INDIANA. 59 to learn the art of printing, where he continued for about eighteen months, wlien he removed with his parents to Cambridge, Mass., and finished his knowledge of printing in the book office of that place, which is now known as the Riverside Print- ing Establishment, and is noted as one of the leading publishing houses of the country. Following this he secured a position on the Boston Cultivator, where he remained until he became of age, at which time he gave up his position to follow the advice of Horace Greeley and " go west," and he eventually found himself in Winona, Minn., where he assumed charge of the Winona Argus, of which he had control one year. He returned to Manchester, N. H. , and in connection with Otis S. Eastman, purchased an agricultural paper known as the Farmer and Visitor, but only continued it a few months, as the investment, did not prove very remunerative. Mr. Chase then went west as far as Davenport, Iowa, where he worked for some time, thence to Keokuk, Iowa, and while in the latter place was united in marriage to Miss Cynthia Parmenter, a native of New Hampshire, who died December 10, 1863. He removed with his young wife to Cleveland, Ohio, and was there employed on the Cleveland Review, in the fall of 1858. In February of the following year, in connection with a Mr. Weller, he jjurchased the Elkhart (Indiana) Review. They continued the publication of this paper until the following November, when Mr. Chase purchased Mr. Weller's interest and continued alone until 1865, when his brother, George S., became connected with him. In May, 1871, A. P. Kent bought an interest in the paper and it has since been controlled by these two gentlemen. In January, 1890, a handsome new brick biiildiug was completed for their occupation, and they have now one of the best equipped offices in the State. August 15, 1872, the Daily Review was established, and has been continued with marked success ever since, its establishment being one of Mr. Kent's ideas. It is a very newsy, well-edited sheet, and some valuable information can always be gleaned from its columns. Mr. Chase is a gentleman of fine literary attainments, and has proven himself to be the right man in the right place. On the 14th of November, 1866, he took for his second wife Miss Alice M. Defrees, who has borue him four children: Ernest C. ; Charles H., Jr.; Frederick E. and Carrie L. Mr. Chase was assistant assessor of internal revenue under President Lincoln, and from 1871 to 1873 he was a member of the school board of Elkhart. STR.iFF0ED Mason, born in Wyoming county, N. Y. , October 10,1830; is the son of John and Lydia (Sweet) Maxon, also natives of New York, whose ancestors came from Scotland in colonial days. When patriotism sounded the tocsin for revolution, members of this family rushed to the front. The grand father McCabe, was one of the first to respond to the call of the republic, and, thirty-six years later, when the same beaten enemy returned to conquer the land and crush out liberty, John Maxon, named above, was one of the first to join the defenders of the Union. The Maxons were farmers in New York State for generations. The parents of Strafford, who moved to Indiana years ago, were the pioneers, it is said, of the naiue in the West. That patriarchal Quaker preached at intervals in Indiana and Michigan, and while in the last named State visiting his daughter, died at a ripe old age. John and Lydia Maxon were the parents of nine children. Of that large family, four are living, namely: Mrs. Polly Tallman, Friend, Elizabeth and Strnfford. Strafford Maxon accompanied his parents, brother and sisters, to Elkhart county in 1888. The homestead near Elkhart City was his home from that period up to 1850, when he made the five months' overland trip to California, in the trail of the Argonauts of 1849, and passed three years in the mining camp of Hangtown; discovered a gold deposit which proved very valuable, and in 1854, pleased to escape the hardships of life among the mines, returned to Elkhart. For the eighteen suc- ceeding years he carried on an extensive mercantile house at Elkhart, and then established a lumber yard, planing mill, sash, door and blind factory, with which he was connected until 1890, and of which he was the owner until 1884. In 1890 he (50 PICTORIAL AXD BIOORAPHICAL was elected mayor of Elkbavt, and would have been reelected in 189'J had be not declined the nomination. For years he was a member of the sciiool board, and by earnest, well-directed effort, carried many measures most beneficial to the city schools. He also served as city treasurer. He is an old Master Mason and a member of the Knights Templar Commandery, always taking a deep interest in the work of the lodges, council, chapter and com- mandery. Mr. Maxon's marriage with Miss Mary A. Stillman took place in 1854. Of their live children, three: Ada. Hugh and Emma, are living. The mother died in 1890, in the beautiful home at Elkhart. She was a member of the Congregational Church there since its establishment, while Mr. JIaxon, also a meml)er, held the oiSce of trustee for teu years. Since 1854, when Mr. Maxou returned from California', he lost no opportunity of aiding in the advancement of the city he was henceforth to make his home. Every progressive measure was supported by him and he was rewarded by witnessing Elkhart's advance from a straggling hamlet, near the junction of the St. Joseph and Elkhart Eivers, to a prosperous city of great manu- facturing industries, large commercial houses, churches, schools, newspaper ofHces, and well-ordered societj*. Hon. Orrix Z. Hubbell. This well-known resident of Elkhart county, Ind., is of a decidedly literary turn of mind, and as an orator is a forcible and convincing speaker. His fertile imagination and happy manner of expressing himself has placed him second to no other orator in his section of the country, and his logic is sound and comprehensive. He is a strong personality which at once commands the attention of his hearers, while his wit, mental capacity and penetration are well known among his fellows. He is also a writer of ability and his articles abound in the same fine qualities which make him the orator that he is, while as a conversa- tionalist he is entertaining and vivacious. His educational advantages were better than most boys receive and as his tend- ency was studious and industrious, he stored his mind with information that would be of practical use to him in later years, and was considered precocious by his rela- tives and friends. Soon after his Ijirth in Huntington county, Ind., he was taken without his consent to Butler, De Kalb county, where his youth was passed. He has always been proud of his nativity and has more than once been heard to boast of being a "Hoosier. '' In 1873 he walked forth from the high school of Butler as a graduate of that institution, and as he had previously formed the determination of attending college he at once set about finding employment in order to obtain means with which to defray the expenses of a collegiate education. He succeeded in ac- complishing his object, but what it cost him of self-denial and mental anxiety will never be known to any but himself. His surroundings were peculiar and rather un- usual, but he fought his battle bravely and at the end of the, to him, ever memor- able four years, he graduated with honor from the University of Indiana, receiving the degree of baccalaureus artium. The world was then before him to choose from, but first the heavy debt that he had contracted had to be cancelled and he set about to accomplish this. His literary ability had alreadj' begun to attract attention and upon his return to Butler he was tendered the position of editor of the Butler Record, in which capacity he served with marked success for several years. He subsequently occu- pied the same position on the De Kalb County Bepiiblican and at a still later period he became principal of the Monroeville schools and still later superintendent of the Butler schools and finally principal of the Bristol schools. In all of these positions be distinguished himself as an educator and disciplinarian and as a newspaper man he was alive to the current issues of the day and handled bis subjects with an ease, grace and finish that could not fail to attract attention. In 1882 be came to Elkhart, but between the time of bis graduation and the time of his arrival in this section, be bad found time to study law, for which pro- MEMOIRS OF IX DIANA. 61 fessicin lie seemed to have a natural aptitude and a decided inclination. He was liy nature fitted for this most difficult of all the learoed professions, and was regularly graduated from the law department of Notre Dame University. Although still a young man he occupies a leading position at the Indiana bar, and as might have been expected, his talents have led him into the arena of politics. In 1888 he was nominated for the State Senate and was elected by a majority of 780 votes, leading his ticket by 300 votes. He made a wise and energetic committee-man and in the work of the chaml)er was so prominent that he received warm praise from political frientl and foe alike. He has found time to cultivate the social graces, is a Knight Templar, a Thirty-second degree Mason, a Knight of Pythias and a prominent Odd Fellow, and in the latter lodge and elsewhere has acquired fame as a lecturer. He is the attorney for the People's Mutual Benefit Society and for the Fidelity Building & Savings Union of Indianapolis. He has a beautiful residence on Beardsley avenue, and there, surrounded by his family, his greatest enjoyment is to be had. He has a well chosen library and his home surroundings indicate intelligent and refined taste. In early manhood he was united in marriage with Miss Cora E. Congdon, of Bristol, a beautiful girl, who has made him a devoted wife. Together they went al)r<)ad in 1887. visited the British Isles and exploreol the romantic ruins and antiquities of continental Europe, and upon his return Mr. Hubbell published a small book de- scribing his experiences and impressions of life in foreign countries, which is inter- esting and instructive. Mr. Hubbell's father was a native of Cleveland, Ohio, and was a civil engineer by profession. His mother was formerly Miss Sarah A. Zeigler, a native of Tus- carawas, Ohio. To them were born four children: Orrin Z.; Clara, wife of P. V. Hoffman; Lizzie, wife of William J. Richey, and Ida L. The father was the civil engineer for the Detroit, Eel River & Illinois Railway, now the Wabash Railway, and also for the Adrian, State Line Railroad, which was not completed. Both parents were far above the average in mental and moral attributes and their chil- dren inherited many of their best qualities. The paternal grandfather, Jason Hub- bell, was a Vermonter. He followed farming, milling and merchandising, and while in Cleveland owned a tract of 80 acres there which is now worth millions of dollars. Parents, except the mother, and grandparents, after useful lives, jiassed away. Mr. Hubbell's ancestors were Revolutionary patriots and also soldiers in the war of 1812. His father raised a regiment for the Union army during the civil war; but could not himself enter the service owing to physical infirmities, though his two brothers, Orson J. and Harris B. went out to light their country's battles. Our subject, on the maternal side, had two uncles, James and Benjamin in the same war. The former bravely fell with his face to the foe at the bloody battle of Shiloh. Of all the members of this family, among soldiers and civilians, toilers at the ])low or at the bar, none is better fitted for distinguished public service than Orrin Z. Hub- bell, whose life has been one of strict integrity throughout. John Cook, director of the First National Bank of Elkhart, Ind,, is a (juiet, unpretentious man, whose youth was spent in the country, his time being occupied by the healthful and useful pursuit of agriculture. He was born in the old historic city of Chillieothe, Ohio, December 3, 1826, being a son of James and Amy (Winder) Cook, who were born in Maryland and Philadelphia, Penn., respectively. The paternal grandfather. Henry Cook, removed from his native State of Maryland to Ohio in 1800, at which time the country was almost wholly unsettled, and the woods were inhabited by prowling Ijears and other wild animals, while numerous large tribes of Indians obtained an easy living with rod and gun, unmolested by the sound of the hunter's axe. He tilled the soil in the vicinity of Chillieothe, and there his son James was lirought up and obtained a thorough knowledge of agricultuie. In 1830 he pushed farther westward and purchased a tract of laud in the vicinity of Goshen, Ind., but later he removed to the town and carried on mercantile pur- 63 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL snits for a Dumber of years, retiring from the active duties of life a number of years before his death, which occiirred in 1854, his wife's death having occurred in 1840. Three of their chihiren grew to maturity. Init only two are living at the present time, John and Henry. Owing to the primitive condition of the schools of his day, John Cook did not obtain a very thorough education, but he possessed a naturally line mind, and this he strengthened and enriched b}' contact with the business affairs of life, and by keejiing thoroughly posted on the current topics of the day. As he was but a youth when he came to Goshen he was brought up in the mercan- tile l)usiues-s hy his father, and he and his brother carried on the l>usiness together in that town for five years. In 1854 Mr. Cook established the Salem Bank of Go.shen in connection with Thomas G. Harrison, which is now a State bank, man- aged by John W. Irwin. Mr. Cook conducted this bank in a praiseworthy man- ner until 1865, when he went to New York City, and for one year was engaged in the flour commission business. In the spring of 1867 he came to Elkhart, Ind., and purchased stock in the First National Bank, of which he became cashier, a position he retained until he voluntarily resigned and retired from all active bus- iness life, yet acting as vice-president, a position he has had for the last ten vears. siace which time he has lived in retirement, enjoying the fruits of his well spent life, and the competency which his foresight and keen business discernment has won him. He still retains stock in the bank and a directorship, but has turned over its management into the hands of others. He has been a member of the city council two or three terms, and throughout the greater portion of his active life has been interested in farming, for he is the owner of 1,5(10 acres of land well adapted for the purposes of general farming. Although he has owned land from earl}' man- hood, he has never plowed a furrow in his life, this branch of his business affairs being altogether in the hands of others. He wooed and won for his wife Miss Martha Wiuber, their union taking place in 1848. she being a daughter of James A. Winber. In 18S9 Mr. Cook took for his second wife Miss Cora M. Kc^ck, an accomplished lady and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, by whom he has one child, Charlotte Mae. Mr. Cook is a highly educated man, having had every advantage. He is a great reader, an interesting talker, having traveled extensively both in this country and the old world, and is popular with all who know him. David A. Ireland. The American jjeople not only travel more extensively than any other nation, but they patronize to a greater extent the numerous establishments for the hire of horses and carriages. There are few enterprises which contribute a larger quota to the convenience of the residential and transient public than the well appointed livery stable, and one of the most prominent in the city of South Bend is that conducted by the firm of Ireland & Son. This firm carries a large ass-ort- ment of carriages, buggies, phaetons, etc., in the newest and most fashionable styles, and these are constantly on hand for the use of the general public. These gentlemen have become widely known and respected and thoroughly understand every phase of tbe business. David A. Ireland was born iu New Paris, Preble Co., Ohiu, October 15, 1827, and is a son of John F. and Jane L. (Ferguson) Ireland, both of Scotch descent. The father was born in Bourbon county, Kv., in 1801, and when fifteen years of age entered the State of Ohio and settled in Preble county, where he was one of the early pioneers. He followed the occupation of a farmer, was fairly successful in tbis, and was a man universally respected. He held the olfice of justice of the peace and was also county commissioner of Preble county for some time. For manj' years a Whig, he at last became a stanch sup- porter of Republican principles and continued in sympathy with the same until his death, which occurred on the farm where he had first settled. The mother was a native of the Blue Grass State and died in Preble county. Ohio, about 1842 The subject of this sketch is the eldest of eight children, three of whom are living. The country schools afforded him a fair education, and when the time came for him to decide on some calling in life, it was but natural perhaps that he should choo.se MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 63 the oue to which he had beeu reared, farming. He contiuued to till the soil iu Preble county until 1873, when he came to South Bend, and since then he has been actively engaged in the livery business. The firm of Ireland & Son is well known and its members are affable and courteous caterers to the pleasure-loving and bu*^!- uess sections of society, and are undeviatingly upright in all their dealings. They have one of the best equipped and Ijest appointed livery Ijarns in the city, and are thoroughgoing, enterprising business meu. Mr. Ireland espoused the cause of the Northern States and in 1862 enlisted in Company C, Fiftieth Ohio Voluntary In- fantry, entering the ranks as first lieutenant. Ten months later he was promoted to captain at Muldrose Hill, Ky., served two years, and was in many of the promi- nent engagements. He participated in the battles of Perryville, Kenesaw Mountain, and many minor engagements. His discharge was received at Atlanta, on the field, iu 1864, and he then returned to Preble county, Ohio, where he remained until 1873. He was married in 1S46 to Miss Mary A. Cail, who died in Henry county, 111., in July, 1867, where he had moved for her health by the advice of physicians. After living there one year he had to move back as the climate was unfavorable to his children's health. Five children were thefruitsof this union: Warren C, John F., David M., Edgar A. and Mary R. Warren C. was born in Randolph county, Ind.. iu July, 1847, and is now in business with his father. Mr. Ireland was mai- ried again iu December, 1858, and selected his wife in the person of Miss Rebecca A. Cail, a sister of his first wife, and a native of Preble county, Ohio. The Cail family came originally from Virginia and were early settlers of Preble county, Ohio. His second wife was Nancy McCawslin, of Cain Ridge, Ky. To the second mar- riage one child was born. T. O. D. Ireland. In politics Mr. Ireland is a Repub- lican and a member of the G. A. R. He has been a member of the Christian Chnrch fur many years and is one of the excellent men of the city. Warren C. is a member of the South Bend Commandery, No. 13, K. T., and was made an Odd Fellow in August, 1868, South Bend Lodge, No. 29. While subject resided iu Ohio he was occupied in various enterprises. He was engaged in dealing in stock during the summer and in winter he conducted a slaughterhouse and packing estalilishmetit. He killed mostly hogs. The capacity was 400 hogs per day. He shipped his pork to Cincinnati and was thus engaged about six years. He then purchased a tan yard and engaged in the boot and shoe business. He conducted the store about three years and manufactured excellent goods. He had ten men in his employ most of the time. He then engaged in the lime and stone trade and took contracts for building cellar walls in various places, and furnished all material. He had two per- petual lime kilu burners and usually tired them about the 15th of March and kept them burning continually until the 15th of November and burned one carload each day. CoNKAD LiPHART was bom in Hessen. Germany, December 23, 1833, a son of (ieorge and Elizabeth (Bessy) Liphart, who were also natives of the Fatherland. Tlie farm on which the Lipharts reside in Germany has been in possession of the family for 300 years and was originally purchased from the king of Hessen, who re- served the privilege of purchasing it, if he so desired, whenever it should be sold. George Lij^hart was an extensive tiller of the soil and was also engaged in burniug tile. He was born and reared on the farm that had furnished his people with a sub- s'stence for so many years, was married and resided there until his death, which oc cirred in 1848. To himself and wife three sous and four daughters were born: Elizabeth, who died in Germany; Maria. Elizabeth, Henry, Kate, Conrad and George, all of whom are dead with the exception of Conrad and George, who are rnsidents of St. Joseph county, Ind., the hitter's home being in the rural districts. Although he was reared to a farm life, Conrad learned the cabinet maker's trade when he was a young man, serving an apprenticeship of two years and a half, at the expiration of which time he decided to come to America and the early part of 1851 found him in Sanduskv, Ohio, where he remained four years working at his 64 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL trade. Following this be came to South Bend in 1855, where he has continued to re- side up to the present. He worked faithfully and per-severiugly at his trade until New Year's day, IfeifiO, when he opened an establishment of his own with a borrowed capital of .$50, for the people with whom he had been working failed in business, and he thus lost the wages he had earned. These were the conditions which prompted him to commence business for himself and never did he regret so doing. For the lirst three months the outlook for the new establishment was by no means flattering, as the actual cash sales amounted to only §15.30, but Mr. Liphart knew no such word as fail, and his energy and indomitable will carried him over this trying time and he soon found himself on a smooth sea and floating with a prosperous tide. Three years later his business had assumed larger proportions and he purchased the furniture store of Henry Miller, which he enlarged from time to time as his business demanded, and in 1865 rented a factory for the manufactiu'e of furniture, wholesale and also ordered jobs which he carried on in connection with his wholesale and retail sale of furniture and undertaking goods. This business he conducted successfully for many years, or until he retired from active business pur- suits in 1890, as above mentioned. He has a hand.some, commodious and comfort- able brick residence, in which he is passing his days after a useful and well-spent business career. As he started out to win fame and fortune for himself in 1860 with a borrowed capital, his achievements during the thirty years of his business career are something wonderful and should serve as an incentive to all young men to ever push onward and upward. Although he labored under the disadvantage of being a foreigner and imperfectly speaking the English language, it was soon dis- covered that he was honest and upright in all his business transactions and was de- sirous of pleasing his patrons, and as a natural result, he was soon doing a profit- able btisiness. He was married in South Bend, March 27, 1856, to Margaret Smith, daughter of George and Catherine (Keefer) Smith, who were native Germans, but came to America about the year 1822, settling first in Ohio where they resided until about 1840, at which time they took up their residence in St. Joseph coimty, Ind., where they eventually passed from life. To Mr. and Mrs. Liphart nine children have been born: Frances L. (deceased), Clara M., Charles H. , Edward (deceased), Alice, Anna, Eva (deceased), Cora (deceased), and Nettie. During Mr. Liphart's residence in South Bend he has never aspired to or held office of any kind but has been a very clever student of his business interests, which, without doubt, ac- counts for the eminent success of his enterprise. The church affiliations of himself and wife have always been with the German Methodist Church, which church he was instrumental in organizing in 1877, and is its oldest member. He assisted in the organization of the Evangelical Church in 1855, but in 1877 seven families left that church in order to restore peace, complications of a serious nature having arisen, and they attached themselves to the Methodi.'it Church. Mr. Liphart has been Superintendent of the Sunday-school and class leader, also trustee of his church. He has been an earnest worker for the Christian cause, and since pro- fessing religion, has kept the faith. Chjirles H. Liphart is a wide-awake citizen of South Bend, Ind., and as he has resided here ever since hisbirth, which occurred on the 26th of January, 1862, the people have every opportunity to judge of his character and qualifications as a man of affairs, and naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor. In the public schools of his native city and in the Berea College he acquired a thorough education, and upon obtaining suitable years he entered the furnitirre and undertaking establishment of his father, and was given an interest in the business which, by judicious manage- ment, assumed considerable proportions. In March, 1890, the head of the firm disposed of his interest and retired from the business and shortly after Charles H. em- barked in the undertaking busine.ss on his own responsibility, a business for which he is peculiarly adapted, for he is reliable, sympathetic and experienced. The voca- tion of an undertaker is essentially a very delicate one, and it involves for its sue- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 65 cessful prosecution peculiarly important qualifications which but comparatively few individuals possess and it is only by experience as well as natural aptitude that a man is able to discharge his duty in that relation to the entire and unqualified satisfaction of those most directly interested. This Mr. Liphart has succeeded in doing, and he is already reaping a rich reward in compensation for his careful at- tention to his duties. In June, 1891, he associated with himself George Beyler and the business is now carried on under the firm name of Liphart & Beyler. Mr. Lip- hart w'as married on the 25th of December, 188S, to Emma Flinn. who was born on the '2 St b of August, 1S67 to John E. and Charlotte (Jones) Flinn. Mr. Liphart is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , in which he is a Knight Templar, and politically he is a Republican. L. H. Johnson is a member of the well-known firm of Johnson & May, marble and stone dealers. South Bend, Ind., and since the establishment of the business in 1887 by Mr. Johnson it has made rapid and substantial progress, and as business men the members of this firm are popular and respected. Mr Johnson is a native of the Empire State, his natal j'ear being 1852, being a sou of H. and Cynthia (Pad- dock) Johnson, the former's death occurring in New York State in 1884. In the year 1887 L. H. Johnson came to South Bend, Ind., which place has since been his home and where he has built up a good business and made many warm friends. He has proved himself to be a practical and progressive man of affairs, and although he is shrewd and keen in his bargains, he has never been known to take advantage of any one and what he has he has the satisfaction of knowing has been honestly earned. He looks after the interests of his customers with zealous care, and guarantees all orders to be tilled promptly and satisfactorily. He is of a social dis- position and is a Knight Templar in that worthy order, the A. F. & A. M. He has always supported the meastu-es of the Republican party, for he believes them to be right, and from his business interests has found time to be an active participant in all worthy projects. Miss Genevieve Pettinger, of Shiloh, Ohio, became his wife in 1877, and to their union one child has been given — Dean Milton who was born in 1879. Mrs. Johnson is a daughter of M. R. and Susanna Pettenger, and is an intelligent and amiable lady and like her husband has many warm personal friends. V. N. May. Prominent among the many reliable business houses of South Bend, Ind., the establishment in which Mr. Ma^' is a partner is one of the foremost, and that it is appreciated as such can be readily seen by the large patronage they command. This house deserves honorable mention in this volume, not only on ac- count of the high character of his management but also on account of the superiority of its stock. Mr. May is a native of Jefferson county, "Wis., where he first saw the light of day in 1856. His early daj's were unmarked by any unusual occurrence, suffice it is say that he received a fair education in the common schools and that he early learned to know what hard work meant. Since 1887 Mr. May has been one of the substantial citizens of South Bend, Ind., and almost immediately after locating here he formed a partnership with Mr. Johnson in the marble and stone business, and in the conduct of this business has been remarkably successful. He was married in 1880 to Miss Catherine Heimann, of Ontario, Canada, who died in 1883 after having become the mother of one child, whom they named Albert. In 1885 Mr. May took for his second wife Miss Minnie Meyers, of Norwalk, Ohio, daughter of Dominick Meyers, and this union has resulted in the birth of four chil- dren : Leo, Carl, Frank and Marie. All the members of this family are worthy members of the Catholic Church and politically Mr. May has always been a Demo- crat, although he has never been a political aspirant. George H. Stover, treasurer of St. -Joseph county, Ind. The important posi- tion of county treasurer is filled in a most admirable manner by George H. Stover, who has made a beau ideal public officer, for he is not only faithful, efficient and energetic, but he is accommodating and courteous to all with whom he comes in con- tact. The energy and perseverance of his character have nowhere a better field for 66 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL manifestation thaa official work, and his impress on this sphere of public duty will long be felt. He is a product of Botetourt county, Va., where he was born July 31, 1839, of which State his parents, Jacob and Sarah (Noffsinger) Stover, were also residents. The Stovers are of German lineage and upon coming to this coun- try first settled in Pensylvania, but later took up their residence in Virginia. Some of the early members of the family were participants in the war for independence. The paternal grandfather of George H. Stover was a physician and died in Vir- ginia. Jacob Stover was a farmer by calling, and in the fall of 1850 started overland westward, his intention being to locate in St. Joseph county, and after the " prom- ised land" was reached he purchased a farm of 240 acres in Clay township, on which some small improvements had been made in the way of clearing and the erection of a log cabin. He is still the owner of this farm although he makes his home in South Bend with his son, George H. He was trustee of his township several terms. Of eight children born to himself and wife only three are living at the present time: George H., William C. and Frank P. The two last mentioned are in Ft. Collins, Colo. George H. Stover was in his twelfth year when he came to this county, and although he had jareviously attended school, the greater part of his education was acquired in this county in the schools of South Bend and Misha- waka. Two years were also spent in Franklin College, Indiana, in which institu- tion he made a good record for himself. In 1859 he crossed the plains with a party of gold seekers, the journey thither occupying almost six mouths. They stopped at Chico, Cal., and there Mr. Stover secured a school and taught two winter terms. During his vacations he kept books for a large lumber firm. In 1861 he returned home via the Isthmus of Panama and in due course of time landed in the city of New York. He at once proceeded to South Bend, in the vicinity of which he engaged in farming and followed this occupation with success until 1886, when he accepted the position of deputy county treasurer. In 1888 he was elected to the office of treasurer, and was honored with a re-election in 1890. While living in Clay township on his farm he held every office that could be given him, in fact, has held some office or other the greater portion of his life. As an official he has given good satisfaction and has become very popular with the masses in general, and his party in particular. He has always labored in the interests of democracy, but is by no means radical, on the contrary is quite conservative. His first majority when elected to office was 195 and his second 1,005, which was given him gratuitously and without a particle of canvassing on his part, for he never left his office for this pur- pose. It was wholly and purely owing to his efficiency and popularity as a man and in this respect Mr. Stover has every reason to be gratified and pleased. In 1865 he also went to Virginia City, Ida., via Salt Lake City, in company with his brother, AV. C. , on a freighting expedition with ox teams, hauling groceries and provisions, disposing of the same in the fall of the same year, and returning to his home in St. Joseph county. At the general election of 1892 he was elected a member of the Lower House of Rep- resentatives of the General Assembly of the State of Indiana, fifty-eighth se.s8ion, and is now occupying a seat in that body, which is in session at the present time. He still owns his fine farm in Clay township, but since entering upon his official duties has rented it. In 1861 Miss Sophia A. Meyer became his wife and to them a son and daughter have been given: William C, deputy treasurer to his father, and Ella V. Mr. Stover is a member of St. Joseph Lodge, No. 45, of the A. F. & A. M. Elmer Crockett is the very efficient official whom Uncle Sam has placed in charge of his interests at South Bend, lud., and to say that he has performed his duties in a capable, faithful and honorable manner would be but bestowing credit where credit is due. In Penn township of the county in which he now resides he first saw the light September 1, 1844, his parents being Shellim and Louisa (Ire- laud) Crockett, the former of whom was born in Kentucky and the latter in Ohio. This family is distantly related to the well-known Davy Crockett, and was among 3IE3IOIRS OF I y BIAS A. 67 the first families to settle on blue grass soil. The father emigrated from Lexing- ton, Ky., to Ohio in his boyhood, and stopped for a short time near New Paris, where he was eventually married, and in 1S31 came to St. Joseph county Ind., by wagon and on horseback. He entered a tract of land which was in its wild state, iu Peun township, on which he erected a primitive log cabin, and there his early married life was spent. Wild game was very plentiful at that time, and the red man's face was a familiar object. Mr. Crockett often ran races with them in the trading point at what is now South Bend. He greatly improved his farm and made it his home until the death of his wife in 184S. when he removed to South Bend, where his home has since beea. He was in business in this city for a number of years, has identified himself with its every interest, and is considered one of its most substantial and worthy residents. He has now reached the age of four-score years, aad although the snows of many winters have whitened his hair, his mind shows but little the ravages of time. He crossed the plains twice to California, where he was engaged in mining for some time. He is now the only surviving member of a family of thirteen children born to his parents. He became the father of seven children, three of whom are living: Garrett, a resident of Oregon: Elmer, and Mrs. N. D. Walter of this city. In the schools of South Bend and Mishawaka the subject of this sketch received his early education, which he tinished in the Northern Indiana College. He was a strong supporter of the ITnion cause during the war, and in 1864 his name could be found on the rolls of the One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the cessation of hostilities, holding the rank of corporal. He was mustered out of the service at Indianapolis and returned to his home at Mishawaka, where he began learning the trade of a printer in the olfice of the Mishawaka S/iferjjr/^e. After serving his al- lotted time he came to South Bend and for two years was foreman of the Register of- fice, and for two years was one of its proprietors under the firm name of Beal, Miller & Co. In March. 1S72, he and Mr. A. B. MUler retired from the Register and formed the Tribune Printing Company, and since that date Mr. Crockett has been vice- president of the establishment and one of its stockholders. His attention was de- voted to the successful conduct of this business until he received his appointment of postmaster in 1890. He is identified with several building and loan associa- tions, has been vice-president of the South Bend Building and Loan Association since its organization, and in numerous other ways has manifested much interest in the progress and development of the town. He is past commander of Auten Post No. 8 of the G. A. R.. is a member of the A. F. & A. M. , in which he has been grand high priest of the Royal Arch Masons of the State of Indiana during the years of 1889-90. In December, 1S6S. he was married to Miss Anna M. Miller, a daughter of the late es-SheriflF B. F. Miller, and of the five children born to them three are now living: Charles E.. Ethel M. and Donald B. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is superintendent of the Sabbath- school. He has numerous friends. SAimEL W. STUDEBiKEB. A livery stable is a most essential institution, both for pleasure and convenience. To be able to command at any moment a horse and rig for a drive in the country or for business or other purposes, is a privilege the value of which can not be too highly estimated. Foremost among the liveries of South Bend, or those of the State, is the well known resort of Samuel W^. Studebaker. This stable, from the large business it does, not only exemplifies the importance of the town, but reflects credit upon its management. Mr. Studebaker was bom in South Bend, Ind., April 2, 185-1, and is a son of Henry Studebaker, one of the founders of the Studebaker wagon works, and Susan (Studebaker) Studebaker. The original of this notice grew to manhood on the farm, and was his fathers active as- sistant from the time he was old enough to make himself useful until his father en- gaged ia other enterprises. He was educated in the common schools, and subse- quently entered Notre Dame University, where he remained about one year. In the 68 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL spring of 1878 he began farming on bis own account, on his uncle P. E. Studebak- er's farm of 6-tO acres, now this city, and here he remained for twelve years. He was engaged in stock-raising and trading also. In 1890 he engaged in the livery business in South Bend, and has carried on this business ever since. He has one of the largest and best equipped livery barns — 6f5xl50 feet — in the State, and thoroughly understands everything connected with his business. Al- though he has been in this business only about two years, he has met with flatter- ing success, and is thoroughgoing and enterprising. He has about $7,000 in- vested. The city has its full quota of vigorous, enterprising, thoroughgoing business men. whose popularity is based upon both their social qualities and their well-known integrity and business activity, but none among them is more popular or better liked by those who have dealings with him than Mr. Studebaker. In his political views he affiliates with the Republican party, and socially be is a member of the order of Maccabees. On March 20, 1878, Mr. Studebaker was married to Miss Mary E. Martin, of St. Joseph county, and they have one son, Warren H. John Elder, one of the pioneer settlers of the city of South Bend, Ind. , was born in Linlithgowshire, Scotland, on the 11th of November, 1808, to Robert and Jeanette (Ormistuu) Elder, who were also born on Scottish soil. Robert Elder was born January 1, 178-!, was a farmer by occupation, and had the distinction of living to the advanced age of ninety years, his death occiirring on the 15th of April, 1871. His wife died July 23, 1860, having borne her husband the following children: James, John, Robert, Thomas. William, Alexander, David, Jeanette, Christian, Margaret and Marion. In the land of his birth John Elder learned the trade of a tailor, at which calling he worked until the 15th of April, 1833, when he started for America, taking passage on the vessel "Albion," bound from Glasgow to Montreal, at which port he arrived after a lapse of six weeks. He went at once to Little York, and was a resident of that place until it was incorporated as a city and its name changed to Toronto, in the winter of 1833-4. He remained there, working industriously at his trade until the 18th of August, 1834, when he became a resident of Buffalo, N. Y., whither he came via Niagara Falls. He then went by water to Cleveland, at which point he took the stage to Pittsburg, where he remained about six months. He then went to Cincinnati, and two months later to Louisville. During his travels he was looking for a brother who had preceeded him to America. Leaving Louisville, he went down the Ohio River and up the Wabash to Lafayette, Ind., and from there by stage to Logansport. There being no stage line from there to South Bend, Mr. Elder set out on foot, a distance of sixty-six miles. He passed through what has since become Plymouth, but which then consisted of one house, which was used as a tavern, and as a man there had broken his plow and was compelled to come to South Bend to the nearest blacksmith to get the repairing done, Mr. Elder rode the rest of the distance — twenty-three miles — with him, arriving in the place May 12, 1835. At that time there were but about thirty houses in the town, the most of which were log cabins. He continued to work at his trade until 1847, when he purchased twenty acres of land just south of the town for S27.50 per acre, which at the present time is inside the city limits, lots from the same fronting on South Michigan street being worth $2,000. After settling on the land Mr. Elder engaged in farming on a small scale, and later opened the first dairy in the town. He has lived forty-two years in the house in which he is now residing, a record probably not equalled by any family in South Bend or possibly in St. Joseph county. For a residence which has been constructed for so long a time, it is in excellent repair, and is a model of convenience and comfort. Mr. Elder was married on the 2d of April, 1838, in South Bend, to Miss Emily A. Sweet, born near Hartford, Conn., !March 20, 1816, and daughter of Ira and Orra (Sweet) Sweet, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Connecticut. The father of Ira Sweet was one of the first settlers in the vicinity of Ashtabula, Ohio, and cut the first tree on the land where MEMOTRS OF INDIANA. 69 that city oow stands. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Sweet, who were cousins, they lived a short time in Connecticut, then settled in New York, and in 1826 removed to Loraine county, Ohio, and still later to Illinois, where Mrs. Sweet died, Mr. Sweet's death occurring in Iowa at the age of seventy-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Elder are the parents of the following children: Robert J., and Alexander, deceased; John W., Mary A., William A., Martha E. , Amanda M. , Sydney S. and Harriet E. Mr. Elder is a member of the Presbyterian Church, having joined that religious denomination in Scotland when a young man, but his wife and children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Elder has always affiliated with the Kepublican party, having voted for William Henry Harrison and his grand- son, Benjamin Harrison, for President. He assisted in raising the first church in South Bend in the fall of 1835, which was a plain, frame structure from heavy timber, for the Methodist denomination. The people were in straitened circumstances in those days, and rails from a fence were placed on blocks and served as the first spats. A strange feature of the church raising, which was of no uncommon occurrence in those pioneer days, was a jug of whisky, which also assisted in the laudable work. Mr. Elder's life has been one of honor and usefulness, and during his long residence in this section he has gathered about him numerous friends, whose respect he at all times commands. His life has been marked by the most upright conduct, and in his long and varied career, naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor. Henry Fischer. Among the prominent business men of Nappanee. Ind., is Henry Fischer, who conducts a well-appointed drug store at that place. He was born in the State of New York, October 5, 1857, to Henry J. and Fredericka (King) Fischer, the former of whom was born in Germany, December 25, 1824, and was there reared and educated and served for some time in the German army. Upon coming to this country when a young man, he landed at New York City but soon after settled at Syracuse, where he worked at the cooper's trade which he had learned in the old country. He remained in New York for about ten years after his marriage, then moved to Edgerton, Ohio, where he followed his trade for some three years, or until 1870, at which time he took up his residence in Goshen, Ind., where his trade occupied his time and attention until his death, February 18, 1881. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and at one time was an Odd Fellow. He became well to do while in Syracuse, N. Y., but lost a large sum of money at the patent-right business, but in a great measure retrieved his losses in later years. He became well known in Goshen and was much respected. His wife was born in Ger- many in 1836, came with her parents to this country, and was principally reared in Syracuse, N. Y. Her father was John King. To Henry J. Fischer and wife the following children were born: Minnie, who died young; Henry, the subject of this sketch; Herman, who lives at Topeka, Kan. ; Emma, who died young; Albert, who is a resident of Elkhart, Ind., and Charles, who resides in Detroit, Mich. After the death of her husband Mrs. Fischer married a Mr. Beiling and is now making her home in Detroit. She is a member of the Lutheran Church. Henry Fischer was only thirteen years old when the family came to Elkhart count}^ He assisted his father in the cooper shop and attended school until sixteen years of age when he began clerking in a drug store, a calling he followed up to 1889, when he started in business for himself in Nappanee, where he has become a popular, successful and highly esteemed man of business. He is very energetic and pushing and carries a choice line of drugs of all kinds, and an excellent stock of books, stationery, wall paper, etc. He has always been a strong Republican, takes an interest in all public matters and is generous in contributing to enterprises of a worthy nature. He and his wife are members of the Methodist E]uscopal Church, and he is the efficient financial secretary of the same. In 1887 he took for his companion through life Miss Emma R. Wyland, of Goshen, where her birth occurred October 8, IS.'w, a daughter of Israel Wyland, who for eight years was county recorder of Elkhart county. Israel Wyland was married twice, his first union resulting in the following 70 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPniCAL cbildren: Cyrus, James B., Lurinda J., John A., all of whom are living. His sec- ond union was to Mrs. Lydia De Lotter, and in due course of time resulted in the birth of two children: Emma R. (Mrs. Fischer), and a little girl who died in infancy. Mrs. Fischer's mother was married three times, her maiden name being Wysong. Her first union did not bear fruit, but to her second union were given the following children: Mary A. E., Anna, James M. , whose .sketch appears in this volume; Syl- vauus, and the following who are deceased: Louis C. , Manda J. and Sarah A. Her third marriage was to Mr. AV_yland with the above results. In addition to filling the responsible duties of county recorder he was elected assessor of Elkhart town- ship a number of times, and also on various occasions filled the office of assessor of Goshen with credit to himself. Mrs. Fischer is finely educated, being a graduate of the classical course of the Goshen High School in 1878, and completed the Chau- tauqua course in 1889, obtaining at the same time the Garnet and White Seals. For ten years she was a teacher in the public schools of Goshen, and won a high reputation as au educator and disciplinarian. Mr. and Mrs. Fischer have a pretty and comfortable home in Nappanee and move in the highest social circles of the place. They have two promising children: Ralston, born September 11, 1889, and Fredericks L., born June 23, 1890. Mr. Fischer is in every sense of the term a self-made man, and deserves much credit for the way in which he has con- quered Dame Fortune. Jacob S. Walters. The vocation of the pharmacist is unquestionably a highly important one in au}' and every community, for upon his care and skill almost as much as upon that displayed by the medical profession, oftentimes depends the phys- ical welfai'e — nay, the life or death of the sick or ailing. Among the favorably known druggists of Elkhart county, Iud.,may be mentioned the name of Jacob S. Walters, who has an attractive and well-appointed store in Nappanee. which was established in ISSO. He was born in Union township, this county, February 19, 1854, and was the youngest son of Justin Walters and his wife Elizabeth (Hartman) Walters. The father was born in Germany, May 5, 1815; was a member of a promi- nent German family, and in the land of his birth was educated. After marryiug, he came to this country in 1845, and about 1846 settled in Columbiana county, Ohio, and in Elkhart county, Ind., in 1848, taking up his residence in Union township where he followed farming from that time until his death in February, 1868. He was a member of the Mennonite Church and politically was a Republican. When he came to the United States he had no means, but with the perseverence and energy which has ever characterized the German people, he kept earnestly at work and was soon in fair circumstances. He followed his trade of weaving in the old, as well as in the new country, and in this way made considerable money. He identi- fied himself with the interests of his adopted country, and came to be known as a man of much public spirit. He knew what it was to be a pioneer and suffered the hardships of such a life, but he always conducted himself in an upright manner. He wa^ very domestic in his tastes and found his greatest happiness in his home surrounded by his wife and children. He is still kindly remembered by some of the old residents of the county. His widow now resides on the old homestead one and one half miles northeast of Nappanee. She was born six miles from Hesse Cassel, Germany, in 1816; was there educated, but the greater part of her life has been spent on American soil, where her family has been reared. For the past twenty- five years her health has not been of the best, but through all her sufferings she has preserved her pleasant and cheerful disposition. She bore her husband nine children, seven of whom are living: Elizabeth, born September 21, 1836, married Henry Christofel; was left a widow, and later married Jacob Yoder, and is now residiag five miles south of Elkhart. Sis of the children she bore her first husband are deceased — Isaac, Sarah, Maggie, John, Lizzie, .\manda. Katie, the oulv sur- viving member, is now Mrs. Bowers; John A. was the next in order of birth and was born January 7, 1838; is a merchant of Wakarusa; m;irried Esther Bachert of MEMOIRS OF IN 1)1 AS A. 71 Canada, December 15, 1853, and is the father of these children: Jacob B., Mary, Henry, Samuel, Alice, Esther, Elizabeth, Susan, Charles S., Agnes and Belle. Mary wasbjrn August 5, 1S40; married a Mr. Trues and died in 1868, leaving one child — William. George S. was born July 24, 1843, is a farmer living near Nappanee; married Susan Ernest of Elkhart county, and has these children : Frank, Alice, Ida, Jesse, Milo, Ira, Oscar, Bert and Verney. Henry J. was born July 7, 1850; married Christina Weaver; is clerking in his brother's store, and is the father of three children: Melvin, Nora and Daniel. Jacob S. , the subject of this sketch; and Lydia, who was born August 20, 1860, and resides on the old homestead with her mother. Two children died when young; the death of one occurring on the ocean while the family were en route to this country, and was buried at sea. Jacob S. Walters was born in Union township this county; was reared to a farm life and attended the district schools, the summer seasons being spent in assisting his father on the home farm. After the death of the head of the family, he worked by the month on a farm, but still attended school during the winter in 1876. After a time he embarked in the drug business in Locke by buying out his brother John A., be- ing thus associated with Dr. J. K. Julieu, the firm name being Julien & Walters. This partnership lasted for one year, when Mr. Walters purchased the interest of Dr. Julien and continued the business until 1880, when he put up a business house in Nappanee and stocked it with drugs, still retaining his stock at Locke for two years, which was under the care of Dr. Paxton. In 1882 he discontinued his business there, sold his building and put all his money in his establishment in Nappanee, and is at present conducting a profitable business where he first held forth. He is handling a full line of drugs, medicines, paints, oils, wall-paper, books and notions, his stock being valued at about §6,000; his annual sales amounting to §12,000. Socially he has been a member of the A. F. & A. M. since 1877 — Nappanee Lodge, A. F. & A. M., No. 656, Goshen Chapter No. 45, R. A. M.,and Bashoe Coimcil, No. 15, Goshen, Indiana & South Bend Commandery No. 13, K. T. He has held or filled all of the offices in the Nappanee Lodge. On August 31, 1879, Mr. Walters was married at Locke, Ind. , to Miss Henrietta Burkholder, a resident of Miami county, Ind., and a native of Green county. Wis., where she was born June 19, 1859. To her union with Mr. Walters the following children have been given: Arthur M., born May 16, 1880; Maudie E., November 16, 1882; William, March 3, 1884; Louisa M., November 28, 1886; Chester A., December 2, 1889; Charles R., January 16, 1891, and Clara Belle, November 1, 1892. Mrs. Walters is a daughter of Jacob and Susanna (Shaffer) Burkholder, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania, the father's birth occurring in Bedford county to Jacob Burkholder who came of German parents. The Shaffers were also Pennsylvanians and were well known and highly respected people in the section in which they resided. Jacob Burkholder, the father, was born in 1822 and died in Miami county, Ind., in 1876, having been a minister of the Reformed Church for many years, and preached in different por- tions of Indiana. He left his native State after reaching manhood, and first located in Illinois, where he lived for two years, then moved to Green county. Wis., and after a few years became a resident of Huntington county. While pursuing his calling he resided in many different places and expounded the gospel from many pulpit-i. Twenty years of his life were devoted to the cause of Christianity, and in the meantime, being a skilled mechanic, he worked at the carpenter's trade. He was public spirited and energetic and politically was a Democrat. His wife's birth occurred two years later than his own. She survives him and is a resident of Mexico, Miami Co., Ind. Their union resulted in the birth of ten children, eight of whom are living: William T. is a resident of Missouri and is a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; Sarah C. is the wife of Stephen De Haven of Wisconsin; Mary E. became the wife of Joseph Bennett, who was killed on the Wabash Rail- road, after which she married Emery Poole; Lucinda A. is the wife of Rev. Joseph Bechtel of the United Brethren Church of Fulton, Ind. ; Jeremiah is a school teacher 72 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of Denver, lud. , and justice of the peace of his township; Jacob C. died at the age of thirteen years; Rebecca is the wife of John See; Henrietta (Mrs. Walters); Margaret J. died at the age of two months; and John, who resides in Denver, Ind. . is successfully engaged in teaching school. After the death of Mr. Burkholder, his widow married again, becoming the wife of Michael Nicewiuder. being now a resident of Mexico, Ind. She is a member of the Reformed Church and a true Christian in every respect. Mrs. Walters was the youngest but one of her family, and while at- tending school formed the acquaintance of Mr. Walters, which eventually resulted in the marriage. Outside of the drug business Mr. Walters, in connection with Wilson Slabaugh, manufactures hard and soft wood lumber, and conducts a lumber yard at Nappanee, and they are doing a general building supply business: they handle lime and cement. They do an annual business of from S25.000 to $30,000. Mr. Walters is a self-made man, and what he has in the way of worldly goods has been obtained by his own hard work. He is among the prominent business men of Nappanee, and has also a small amount of stock in the Nappanee Furniture Company. He is the owner of a nice residence and also his store building. As a business man and a citizen generality he commands the r-Jspeet of all and has many warm friends. He is a member in good standing of the Indiana Pharmaceutical Association, and for seventeen years past has been connected with the drug business. While a resident of Locke he held the position of postmaster for three years. William W. Best. Mr. Best, a prominent resident of Nappanee, Ind., where he has made his home since the fall of 1S91; came from Kosciusko county, of which be was a resident from 1S65. He owes his nativity to the Buckeye State, born in Carroll county, April S, 1836, and was the youngest of eight children, seven sons and one daughter, born to the union of John and Mary (Cooper) Best. John Best was born in the southern part of Pennsylvania and was the son of an old Revolu- tionary soldier. The latter was born in England and fought in King George's army. He was brought to this country but left the English army and became a soldier in the American army. He reared a family of six children, four sons and two daughters, as follows: John, George, David, Jacob, Catherine and Mary. These children settled in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana. The father of our subject emigrated to Ohio at an early day, about 1812, and died in Putnam county in 1860. He held membership in the Lutheran Church and was prominent in all good work. He was an extensive farmer, owned a sawmill and was a carpen- ter by trade. He accumulated a good property. His wife, Mary Cooper, was a native of Pennsylvania and a descendant of a prominent family of that State. She had a brother in the war. of 1812. She followed her husband to the grave in 1863, and was in full communion with the Lutheran Church at the time of her death. Both parents of our subject were pioneers in Carroll county, Ohio, and the father was an extensive farmer, owning 200 acres of land. The children born to the family are named as follows: George, Jacob, John, Abram (killed in the Civil war), Isaac, Sarah A. , Joseph and William W. Of these children only onr subject and his brother John came to Indiana, and both settled in Kosciusko county. Only six of these children are now living. William W. Best was educated in the district schools of his native county, attending during the winter months, and assisting his father on the farm and in the sawmill during the summer season. When about seventeen years of age he began learning the carpenter trade, continued this about two years, and then returned home, where he took charge of the farm until his father's death. His maternal grandfather was a noted hunter and trapper, and Mrs. Best was with her father on several occasions when he shot bear. In the jear 1856 our subject was united in marriage to Miss Nancy J. Wagner, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Rainer) Wagner, and remained in Ohio until after the war. when he moved his family to Indiana. He settled in Kosciusko county, on a farm of 160 acres, but sub- sequently put up a sawmill, and carried on both farming and milling. During the Rebellion our subject enlisted, but on account of a crippled ankle and foot which he MEMOIRS OF lyDIAXA. 73 got from a fnll from a barn, he was rejected. He helped to raise Company D, One Hundred and Eighteenth Ohio; and formed a company of forty men and acted as recruiting agent part of the time during the war. Duriug the winter of 1862-3 he was with the Twenty-third Army Corps. He had a brother Abram, who died in the service, and the latter had a sou, sixteen years of age, who was a soldier. Gnorge Best had a son, John C, who served through the war. M'illiam W. Best remained on the farm until 1891, when he moved to Nappanee. He has been successful in all his business occupations, and is a substantial citizen of the county. He and wife are the parents of children, as follows: D. M., a real estate dealer of Elkhart; William H. , in tlie market business in Nappanee; Lydia A., now Mrs. E. Lieniiart, of St. Joseph county; Mary A., now Mrs. J. D. Good, of Nappanee; Margaret E., now Mrs. Christian Johnson; Ada L., now Mrs. Mahlon H. Thomas, of Chicago; John M. , residing in Nappanee; Philip I., iu Nappanee. and Florence E. Mr. Best and sons are ardent supporters of Democratic principles, and he is a public-spirited citizen. He is now engaged in the real estate, insurance and collecting business. He and wife have a cozy home on South Elm street, near the United Brethren Church, and are highly esteemed as upright, honorable citizens. Gordon Noel Murray, editor and proprietor of the Nappanee News, was born July 22, 1852, at the Murray Homestead, in Jefferson township, Elkhart Co., Ind. , being a member of a family of six brothers and three sisters. His early years were spent on the farm, receiving an education afforded by the country school of that day. by attending school in the winter season and working on the farm during the summer, until he reached the age of eighteen years, when he moved to Goshen with his parents. There, in 1871, he obtained a situation as an apprentice in a machine shop. Working in various factories iu that city until 1874, young Murray took up his residence in Sterling, 111., where he remained until the spring of 1S77; during that interval having charge of a factory as foreman, and being employed as a commercial traveler. Going to South Bend iu the same year, young Murray fol- lowed the vocation of a mechanic until the winter of 1877-78, when he entered the mechanical department of the South Bend Herald, then published by his brother, Charles T. Murray. The latter returning to Washington, D. C, iu the spring of 1878, the father of the subject of this sketch — Hon. Charles L. Murray — sold his interest iu the Goshen Democrat, and took charge of the South Bend Herahl. It was then that young Murray was initiated into the mysteries of journalism, contin- uing as he did in the capacity of business manager and city editor of the Herald until the spring of 1881. After his father disposed of the Herald, at that time, Mr. Murray again entered on the duties of a commercial traveler. In June of the same year, 1881, he was married to Miss Ellen Niles Taylor, at Ionia, Mich. Under a mortgage, the Herald material reverting to his parent, Mr. Murraj' again returned to the printing business at South Bend in 1882. Forming a partnership with a younger brother, Harris F. Murray, and his father, under the firm name of C. L. Murray & Sons, job printers. Mr. Murray completed his trade in the "art preserva- tive." In the fall of 188-t the job printing office was disposed of, and soon after fell into the hands of prominent Prohibitionists of the State, who had formed a stock company to establish a State organ for their party. Mr. Murray became a stockholder, and was awarded the contract of moving the plant to Indianapolis, where it was consolidated with that of the Monitor Journal, and tlere he estab- lished the mechanical department of the Indiana Plialanx, now the State Prohibition organ. The Phalanx Company being unable to continue the salary at which Mr. Murray was employed, he removed to Goshen, Ind., where he became identitied with the Daily Xews. He tirst entered on the duties of solicitor on the road, but soon after became business manager of the office, and later a member of the firm, as the News Printing Company. He continued there until January, 1888, when he was enabled, through the assistance of Thomas A. Starr, senior editor of the Goshen Xetcs. to purchase the Nappanee News, which he has edited during the past five years, 74 ncrOlUAL AND BIOGMAPniCAL bringing the paper into local prominence among the publications of northern Indiana. He is one of the directors of the Fair Association of the county, that his father organized in an early daj' and became the tirst secretary, holding that position for a great many years. Mr. Murray comes of journalistic stock; he is a self-made man, always having made his way in the world by his own energy since leaving the farm. His brother, Charles T. Murray, at one time editor of the South Bend Herald, and later the well-known Washington correspondent, now has a newspaper bureau in New York City; and during the presidential campaign of 1892, just closed, was employed in furnishing special matter for the New York Herald. His brother, Edward Murray, a writer and contributor of well-known ability, is business manager of Paper and Press, Lithographer' s Journal, and the Spanish-American publication, Papel y Prensa, of Philadelphia. Harris F. Murray, a younger brother, is on the Oregonian, of Pendleton, Ore. Mr. Murray's uncle, F. W . Murray, was for a quarter of a century connected with the press of Cincinnati, as a contributor and compositor. Mr. Murray's father, Hon. Charles L. Murray, the pioneer journalist of Elkhart and Kosciusko counties, was born in 1815, in a small town called Mur- raystield, in Bradford county, Penn. His parents were Philadelphians. He was paternally Scotch and maternally English. His paternal grandfather was an officer in the Revolutionary war, and his profession (religious) was, first a Baptist, and then a Universalist minister, and was one of eight brothers who settled in western New York after the Revolution. His maternal grandfather was a Quaker, and fol- lowed the business of an architect in Philadelphia, where C. L. Murray's parents were born. While the family resided at Athens, on the Susquehanna River, his father was appointed justice of the peace for life, by the governor of Pennsylvania, under the old constitution. Mr. Murray began, about the year 1828, to learn the printer's trade. The paper was published in Towanda, and supported John Q. Adams for President. His brother-in-law, W. Jenkins, leaving Towanda, Mr. Murraj' went with the family to Huron county, Ohio, where he was engaged in the first anti-Masonic printing office in the State. In 1831 Mr. Jenkins moved the office to Columbus, Ohio, where Mr. Murray followed him as an apprentice. Com- pleting his trade in 1833, he went west to seek his fortune. Having a relative at Jacksonville, 111., on his father's side (Murray McCounel), he worked in that place on a paper published by a Mr. Edwards. Taking the prevailing disease of the country — ague — he returned to Columbus, Ohio, by joining his father's nephew in taking a drove of horses through that were being bought for the Philadelphia market. Mounted on a horse young Murray crossed the State from St. Louis via Vincennes, and in spite of the terrible condition of the roads at that time, reached Cohimbus in safety. Here he again worked for his brother-in-law and became fore- man of the office of the Western Hemisphere, the Democratic organ of the State. Young Murray was then in his eighteenth year, and he continued in the employ of the paper until a difficulty arose between him and one of the proprietors. Soon afterward the paper changed hands, and its name changed to the Ohio Statesman, when Mr. Murray again accepted a position in the office, and continued there until 1834. He then went to Piqua, Ohio, on the solicitation of citizens there; and, in company with his brother-in-law, D. B. Espy, established the Piqua Courier. The paper was printed on an old wooden press that had been brought from Philadelphia at an early day. The Courier, with Charles L. Murray as editor, was the first paper in the State which run up the name of Gen. Harrison for President in 1835. Mr. Murray purchased the interest of his brother-in-law in 1836. He was married to a Kentucky lady, by the name of Ann Maria Spriggs, in July of the same year. A party of citizens from Goshen, Ind., solicited Mr. Murray to remove to that town, and he accepted the offer, selling the Courier to one Barrington. In company with Anthony Defrees, of Goshen, Mr. Murray went to Cincinnati and bought an outfit, shipped it to Dayton by canal, and the balance of the way it was transported to MEMOIRS OF INDIAiiA. 75 Goshen in wagons via Ft. Wayne. The first issue of the Goshen Express, C. L. Murray as editor, appeared in February, 1837. Mr. Defrees soon sold his interest to Mr. Murray, who continued as its editor, at intervals, and under different names, until 1840. At this period, as a Whig candidate, he was defeated for the auditor- ship of Elkhart county, the Democrats having a large majority in the county. Mr. Murray was appointed postmaster at Goshen, under President Harrison, in 1840, and sold his printing office shortly afterward. He was removed from office during the administration of John Tyler. Mr. Murray, having purchased some land north of Goshen, turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, devoting his time during the winter to working at his trade, or in reporting the proceedings of the Senate for the Indiana State Journal. In 1846 he printed the Republican at Monoquet, Kos- ciusko county, for one year, under an engagement with land owners there, who were trying to locate the county seat. This was the first paper ever printed in the county. From there he moved to Indianapolis and became assistant editor of the State Journal. In the fall of the following year he returned to his farm in Elkhart county, where his family resided until 1870, though Mr. Murray was still in the habit of going to Indianapolis to report in the Senate, where he served seven ses- sions in that capacity. In 1859 he was elected by the Republicans, joint-represent- ative, from the counties of Elkhart and Lagrange, by a majority of 900. He served through both extra and regular sessions, and took an active part in important subjects under consideration. In 1860 he was elected to the Senate by over 1,200 majority. He had the advantage of the acquaintance of nearly all the public men of Ohio and Indiana. He was purely a self-made man, never having attended school a day after he was eleven years of age. On the first call of the Government for 75,000 men to put down the rebellion, he wrote out a muster-roll, signed it, placed it in the auditor's office of the county, wrote out and had published in l)oth Goshen papers the first call for volunteers in that city, after which he went out into the townships and made speeches for recruits. After he had raised a sufficient number of men for a company, through a call in the papers, he met the men at Goshen and placed in nomination a captain and first lieutenant, and leaving them to complete the organization, departed for Indianapolis to attend the extra session of the Legislature, called by Gov. Morton, to equip the Indiana troops for the three months' service. The quota of troops being tilled when the men arrived, they were discharged and returned home. Mr. Murray procured a place as private in Capt. Mann's company, from the city of Elkhart, and, when marching orders came, left his seat in the Senate and boarded a cattle train with the boys one morning, after having lain with them on the ground all night near the Union depot. After serving the three mouths as a private, he returned home and completed his term in the Senate. On February 1. 1862, he left Camp Ellis, near Goshen, with the Forty- eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as quartermaster, and remained with the reg- iment about two years, until he received his disctarge, Ijy reason of severe illness that incapacitated him from duty. In 1870 Mr. Murray sold his farm and removed his family to Goshen, where he soon bought a half interest in the Democrat, which paper he edited until the fall of 1877. About that time he moved to South Bend and took charge of the Herald, which plant he had owned for several years previous, in partnership with his sou, Charles T. Murray. He continued to edit the Herald until he sold the office in the fall of 1880. In 1882 the material of the Herald returning to Mr. Murray under a mortgage, and the "good will" of the office hav- ing been taken from him through the connivance of the man to whom he had sold the office, whereby he met the first real financial loss during his entire newspaper career, he, in company with his two sons, Gordon N. and Harris F., opened a job printing office at South Bend. Having reached that age when mechanical work became burdensome to him, he was gratuitously employed as editor of the Sun, a Prohibition organ, printed at the job office through arrangements with local adher- ents of that party. The office was sold during the fall of 1884, and was afterward 76 PICTORIAL .LVi> BIOGR^iPUICAL removed to Indiaaapolis. At this period Mr. Murray retired from active business life, though he continued to contribute to the columns of the New York Voice, Chicago Xeivs, and other journals, over his signature, up to within a few months of his death. He died at his home in the city of South Bend, July 15, 1889. It will be seen by this sketch that the subject thereof was closely identified with the early history of Elkhart county, and later of St. Joseph county. He was a pol- itician from his boyhood, and was particularly "at home with his pen" on all political questions and political historj- of his time. He was counted as one among the most fluent, yet vigorous writers, in the field of northern Indiana journalism, during his newspaper work therein. Mr. Murray was first a Whig, then a Eepub- lican, from that party's infancy until the time of the "Liberal" movement that followed Horace Greeley. He affiliated with the Democratic party until the Pro- hibitionists organized in the State, when he adopted that political faith, to which he strictly and conscientiously adhered; and was prominent in drafting, in a measure, that party's State platform in 1SS8. William H. Holdeman. Among the newspaper men of northern Indiana who have done so much in the past and are planning so wisely to help forward i he inter- ests of their sections in the future, we are pleased to mention Mr. William Holde- man. This gentleman is the editor and proprietor of the Nappanee Advance, established September 11, 1891, and owes his nativity to Indiana, born in Randolph county, August 18, IS-tT. His great-grandfather. Christian Montel, was a Hessian soldier, and was brought over by King George to tight the Continental army. He was captured by the latter and willingly fought on the other side until the close of the war. He then settled in Virginia and was there married. Jacob Holdeman. grand- father of subject, was born in Virginia in 1787, and man-ied to a Miss Montel. In 1842 he and family moved to Randolph county, Ind., purchased a tract of laud and settled in the woods where they remained ten years, from there they moved to Elkhart county, settled on a farm in Union township, and after residing there ten years moved to Kosciusko county, wherethey purchased laud southwest of Nappanee. This they sold later and moved to Webster. Mr Holdeman died December 13, 1866, at the home of his son, Christian, in Elkhart county. A Whig in politics at an early day he later espoused the principles of the Republican party, and remained with that until his death. In religion he was a member of the United Brethren Church, and was active in his support of the same. His son. Christopher, father of our subject, was born in Preble county, Ohio, April 7, 1820, and came with his father to Randolph county, Ind., where he grew to manhood. He married Miss Eliza Study, a daughter of Levi and Mary Study, and a native of Wayne county, Ind., born November 7, 1816. She died at her home northwest of Goshen, Ind., Eebruar}' 27, 1887, and was one of these children, as follows: Matilda, Levi, Abraham, Jesse, William, Charlotte, Eliza and Catherine; only the following are now living: Matilda , Catherine, Elizabeth and Jesse. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Holdeman moved to Jackson township. Elk- hart county, Ind., and there reared a family of eight children, as follows: Mary A., born February 17, 1846, married C. K. StaufFer and resides on a farm east of Elk- hart; Jesse, bom January 10, 1849, married Miss Belle McCloud and resides in Kosciusko county, near Milford (he has a family): Charlotte, born September 3, 1852, married Rev. W. Bussard, a minister in the German Baptist Church, and has several children: Alice J., born May 23, 1858, became the wife F. P. Shultz, of Jefferson township. Elkhart county; one child, not named, died in 1849: Minerva J., died April 13. 1862, when nine months old: Israel, died in 1856, when two weeks old, and William H., our subject. The father of these children is still living and although well along in years, enjoys comparatively good health. A Republican in politics, he keeps himself well posted on all the current topics of the day, and a United Brethren in his religious views, he is active in all good work. William H. Holdeman received the rudiments of his education in the district schools of Jackson township, attending during the winter months and assisting his father with the farm MEMOIRS OF IXDI.\yA. 77 work in sunimer. At the age of twenty years he commenced teaching school in Elkhart cjunty, and later had the advantages of the Xormal School and Butler Col- lege, Goshen, and also at Hillsdale College, Michigan. In 1879 he opened a noimal schoil at Nappanee and later became high school principal. Afterward he became editor and proprietor of the Nappanee News, then the only newspaper in the town, and this he conducted very successfully until January 28, 1888, when he sold to G. N. Murray, the present editor. Then he moved to Hicksville, Ohio, purchased The Independent, which he afterward changed to a Republican paper, and moved from there to Woodlawn Park, Chicago, where he owns a good property near Jackson Park. Beturniug to Nappanee he started The Advance, the only official Republican organ in this part of the county. He is very successful as a newspaper man, and although but recently started, his paper commands an ever widening area of circulation. He is a Methodist in his religious views and is active in church, town and county affairs. On April 25. 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary I. HoUoway, who was born September 28, 1855, and whose parents, L. D. and Elizabeth (Dehoff) Hollo- way, were pioneers of Columbiana county, Ohio. She is one of five children, as fol- lows: Mary I., Jennie, Walter T., Harvey and William, all living except Harvey. Mr. and Mrs. Holdeman have two interesting children: Hazel Elizabeth, born June 8. 1888. at Hicksville, Ohio, and Lloyd Holloway, born June 14, 1891. Lester F. Babee, founder of the D. H. Baker k, Bro. boot and shoe store of South Bend, Ind., is a native of the Empire State, born in Oneida county, August 19, 1819, and is a son of Eleazer Baker, who was a native of Connecticut, born in 1793, but who died in Orleans county, N. T. , in 1836. He was a commission merchant by occupation, and in 1825 settled in western New York when that part of the State was a wilderness. He was one of the pioneers. The mother of our subject, Susan (Love) Baker, was born in Oneida county, N. Y., in 1797, and died in 1877. Lester F. Baker was the eldest of eight children born to this worthy couple and is the only one of two now living. He was educated in the district and private schools and from the age of fourteen until eighteen he worked on a farm. He then branched out to fight his own way in life and was engaged in various occupations until twent)- years of age when he began teaching school in his native State. As compensation he received from §15 to S25 per month and " board around." This profession he followed for six years, and in 1846 he came to Aki-on, Ohio, where he engaged in the stove and tinware business for some time. From there he went to Sandusky City, thence to Cincinnati, and for two years, or until 1852, was engaged in railroad work on the Chicago, Hamilton & Dayton Railway, which was then building. In the last mentioned year, in company with his brother, Darwin H. , he came west in search of a good business location, and after much hunting decided that South Bend, Ind., was the best place, all things con- sidered, that they could find. In May, 1852, they opened a boot and shoe store opposite the South Bend National Bank as it now stands, and remained there from May to October, when they removed to Michigan street, three doors from Wash- ington street. Six months later they removed their goods one door south from that place and there the firm remained for twenty years. Then they removed to the present location on the corner of Michigan and Washington. In 1861 Mr. Baker retired from the boot and shoe business and since then has given his attention to his real estate interests. He is the owner of some of the best property in the city and has ever been thoroughgoing and enterprising. He was married in 1849 to Miss Mary R. Willey, of Delaware, Ohio, born in that town in 1826, and they have two daughters: Susan, now Mrs. William Nickell, residing in Waukesha, Wis., and Ida, now Mrs. Frederick Sanborn, of South Bend. In politics Mr. Baker is a standi supporter of Democratic principles, and cast his tii'st presidential vote for JIartin Van Buren in 1840. In his religious sentiments he is a Presbyterian. In the year 1875 he was elected to the common council of the city of South Bend and served in a creditable and efii3ient manner for two years. In 18S9 he was appointed 78 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL by the Indiaaa General Assembly aa one of the trustees of the Northern Indiana Asylum for Insane at Ljwansport. This appointment was made without his knowl- edge and was a great surprise for him. Mr. Baker has passed many years of his life in St. Joseph county and in every walk of life has acquitted himself in an upright, honorable manner. He is known far and near as a man of kind disposi- tion, and au intelligent and worthy gentleman. He has ever been interested in the public welfare, and while he has ever attended strictly to his private affairs, he shirked no duties as a loyal citizen. William R. Boyd is the president of the South Bead Lumber Company, which was organized and incorporated December 1, 1889, with a capital stock of •532.0OO with the following officers: William R. Boyd, president; Frank Colmar, vice pres- ident, and S. A. Hillier, secretary and treasurer. The company was the consol- idation of the lumber interests of Leach & Jackson and Boyd & Hillier, the latter firm having purchased the business of the former a short time previous to the organ- ization of the South Bend Lumber Company. A large planing mill and sash and door factory is operated in connection with the business, the annual volume of which amounts to about $150,000. Mr. Boyd was born in Harford county, Md., August 27, 1841, to Weston and Hannah (Parsons) Boyd, the former a native of Harford county and the latter of Baltimore, Md. Weston Boyd was born about the year 1810. His parents, who were natives of England, came to America in colonial times, and although the grandfather was a tanner by trade he did not follow that occupation after coming to America, the occupation of agriculture being his life work after locating in Maryland. Previous to his death he owned a large amount of property within thirty-six miles of Baltimore, which was the family home- stead for many years and where the paternal grandfather and grandmother passed their lives. Weston Boyd, when a lad, went to Baltimore, where he learned the car- penter's trade, which he followed during his lifetime. After his marriage in Bal- timore to Miss Parsons, he located at Havre de Grace, Md., where the family lived a namber of years and where the subject of this sketch was born. With the excep- tion of a few. years in Washington, D. C, Mr. Boyd resided in this place until his death, in June, 1857. His wife survives him and at present makes her home with her son, John T., in Alexandria, Va. She bore her husband three children: John T., William R. , and Charles W. (deceased.) One child was born to Mr. Boyd bv a f jrmer marriage: Sarah I., wife of James Whittington of Philadelphia. Peun. William R. Bjyd was reared in his native town, where he received his initiatory eduoition which he afterward finishel in the public schools of Washington, D. C In 1857 he w.is apprenticed in that city to the carpenter's trade, serving four years. At this periol the war cam^ on and Mr. Boyd enlisted at 10 o'clock on the 10th of April, 1851, becoming a member of Company A. District of Columbia Vol- unteer Infantry, which was the first mustered into the service and before the call for volunteers. A psculiar feature of this company was that every one of it^ mem- bers were born s )uth of Mason and Di.xon's line, with the exception of one French- man and one Irishman. The company was organized shortly after the election of Lincoln to participate in his inauguration and at that time had the right-of-line at the ceremanies. It was composed of patriotic, loyal men, who had organized to protect th^ life of tbs Preiidant during the inaugural ceremonies, as his life had been repeatedly threatened. During the three months for which the members of the company had enlisted, their time was chiefly taken up with guard duty. Mr. Boyd was in the employ of the Government in the quartermaster department during the war and was among a crowd of 500 volunteers engaged in repelling the guerrillas under Mosby at Manassas Junction. At the close of the war M. Boyd disposed of his furniture business at Alexandria, which he had operated a short time, and came to South Bend, Ind. , where he began working at his trade. In 1882 he formed a partnership with S. A. Hillier under the firm name of Boyd & Hillier, in the lumber business, which firm has been succeeded by the South Bend Lumber MEM0IB8 OF INDIAyA. 79 Compauy. Mr. Boyd thorouorhly uuderstanda every detail of the lumber busi- ness nnd is an excellent judge of all kinds of lumber. The firm of which he is a member is doing a thriving business and one which is constantly on the increase. Mr. Boyd was married December 26, 1865, at Burlington, N. J., to Emelia A. Hil- lier, a daughter of Richard and Frances (Stull) Hillier. Their union has resulted in the birth of two children: Nellie W., born October 27, 1866, and Robert E., born September 12, 1870. Mr. Boyd is a member of the Royal Arcanum, the Masonic fraternity and the G. A. R. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church and politically he is a Prohibitionist. The welfare of St. Joseph county has always been dear to him, and he is among the foremost in advocating measures for the benefit of his section. Ira S. Schropp. This gentleman, who is the most efficient superintendent of the city water-works of South Bend, Ind. , was born near Akron, Ohio, March 14, 1862. He was one of four children and when but an infant, was left motherless. He was adopted by Edwin G. Schropp, and was reared by that gentleman. His youthful days were passed on the farm and he had very limited educational advan- tages, only attending the common schools during the winter season. When old enough, he was given a trade (potter) and beginning this when eight years of age, fol- lowed it for twelve years. When twenty years of age young Schropp came to South Bend, Ind. , as a representative of Donham & Ryland, wholesale tea merchants, but sub- sequently engaged with the Studebaker Wagon Works, where he was employed for two and a half years. On account of failing health he was obliged to go west, and he was employed in Des Moines, Iowa, by Gilchrist Lumber Company, remaining with the same for about eight months. Returning to South Bend he was employed as clerk in the city water- works, which position he held for two years and a half, when he was appointed superintendent of the same, succeeding E. L. Abbott. He has held this position for four years to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. He is a prac- tical and competent engineer, and has exhibited in his incumbency of this office the most prudent, careful and efficient management. A self-made man, Mr. Schropp owes all his success in life to his own indomitable push and enterprise, and as a citizen and neighbor no one is more highly esteemed. His marriage with Miss Mary Krill, daughter of Joseph Krill, a prominent farmer of Portage township, occurred on the 9th of August, 1888. Mr. Scropp is a member of the K. of P. and the A. O. TJ. W., and takes much interest in these organizations. His adopted father, who is now a resident of South Bend, was a soldier in the Civil war. and belonged to what was kuown as the "Squirrel Hunters. " On November 30, 1892, he resigned his position as superintendent of the city water- works to engage in the pateut-mediciiie business, located at South Bend, and was succeeded in his position by John A. Graham, who was formerly superintendent of Strayer Machine shops. Dr. H. R. Stauffer is a young physician of Elkhart county, Ind. , but he pos- sesses a genius for his calling, and for that reason has attained an enviable reputa- tion among the citizens of the county as well as his professional brethren. He is a product of Elkhart county, for here he was born on the 8th of March, 1858, to John Stauffer and wife, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere. His early days were spent on the farm belonging to his father in Union township, and there he became a pupil in the common schools as soon as he was old enough, his literary education beinc afterward completed in a normal school. At the early age of fifteen years he became a schoolteacher, his first attempt in this line of work being in the country schools but so successful was he that he followed it until he was twenty-one years of age, at which time, having previously formed the resolution, he began the studv of medi- cine in the office of Dr. Julian, of Nappanee, and at the end of one j'ear he entered Rush Medical College, of Chicago, and graduated from same in 1883. Immediately following this he returned to his home in Nappanee, at once hung out his shingle, thus announcing himself as a practitioner of the "healing art." His skill and knowledge of his calling was soon recognized, his practice continued to increase, and now 80 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL extends over many counties, where bis name is well known and bigbly regarded. He is a member of the County Medical Association, tbe National Medical Association and for some time past be has been tbe railroad surgeon for tbe Baltimore & Obio Railroad. He is medical examiner of pensions at Goshen, and at all times shows that be is up with the times in tbe advances made in bis profession. He is decid- edly public spirited, is a stanch Republican politically, and, socially, is a member of the K. of P. lodge of Nappanee, also tbe I. O. O. F. of the same place. Aside from his practice be is interested in a box factory of Nappanee, which is proving a pay- ing line of work. The factory is desirably located, is a well-equipped plant for its line of work, a specialty being made of bee-hive work and all kinds of bee sup- plies. . The Doctor is interested in this enterprise in connection with his father and bis brother Wallace. They ship their boxes to all large cities as well as to numer- ous States and find their business to be a paying one. The Doctor is a great lover of tine horse-flesh, has some especially speedy animals, and takes great pride in tbeiu. His horses are Kentucky bred and are very fast travelers. He is a thoroughly practical business man: is wide awake, active and zealous in his profession, as well as in other matters; is respected where ever known and comes of one of tbe finest families in the county. Tbe Doctor was married in 1879 to Miss Belzora Jones, who was a native of Cass county, Mich. . born on the 7tb of September, 1859, being one of four children reared by Howell and Mary (Pemberton) Jones, tbe former of whom was born in South Carolina, but when young came to Michigan, where for many years he was a resident of Cass county. He was a son of Drury and Jennie (Howell) Jones, and was one of their eight children. He grew to manhood on a farm, married, and reared the following children: Esther, Albert, Lou E., Bel- zora (Mrs. StaufFer). The father and mother resided on a farm in Cass county until their respective deaths in 1806 and 1870. The latter was a daughter of Joseph and Eleanor (Asbby) Pemberton, both of whom were of English descent, the Pem- bertons being among tbe nobility of England, and descendents of Lord Pemberton. Mr. Jones and his wife were members of tbe United Brethren Church and were well respected in Cass county. Mrs. StaufFer attended the district schools there and finished her education in the school at Valparaiso, where she also studied music and painting. Dr. and Mrs. Stauffer have a daughter, Iva, who was born June 30, 1882. Mrs. Stauffer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and being of a very social disposition has many friends in Nappanee. whom she welcomes to her hospitable home in the eastern part of the town. Dr. Willi.4m W. Butterwokth (deceased). Very few, save those who have trod the arduous paths of the profession can picture to themselves the array of attrib- utes, physical, mental and moral, the host of minor graces of manner and person, essential to tbe making of a truly successful physician. His constitution needs must be of the hardiest to withstand the constant shock of wind and weather, the wearing loss of sleep and rest, the ever gathering load of care, the insidious ap- proach of every form of fell disease to which his daily round of duties momentarily exposed him. Ear more than all, how greatly clothed with moral strength must be the man who would involve himself in all the woeful secrets of humanity, drawing from nature her most treasured secrets, and unlocking the gates where ignorance and doubt have stood sentinel for ages. Such a physician was the one whose name stand-; at the head of this sketch and who in bis own person so closely approached the iileal we have attempted to sketch above. Dr. William W. Butterworth was born in Warren county, Ohio, in 1824, and comes of a sturdy Virginia family. When but a boy his parents emigrated to La Porte county, Ind., and in farm work young Butterworth laid the foundation for his excellent constitution, and for the unusual amount of good common sense that ever characterized his actions. After attending tbe common schools he was fitted for college and entered Asbury University, where be remained one year. After this he began the study of med- icine and graduated at the Indiana Medical College. He subsequently took a MEMOIRS OF IXDTAXA. 81 partial course of lectures at Uuiversity Medical College, New York, and in 1847 located at Mishawaka. lad., where he began practicing his profession. He went to that city an entire stranger, with very little to assist him in the battle of life, save a thorough knowledge of medicine. The city was then in the height of pros- perity and the medical field was then occupied by a strong corps of educated and popular physicians, as well as by a number of "root and herb" and "steam" doctors. Fresh from his college and medical studies. Dr. Butterworth hung out his shingle and with much self-reliance, energy and industry, sought the confi- dence of the people. He soon had a liberal patronage and a fair share of the business but had strong competition with some noted and scientific physicians. Until 1861 and during the war. Dr. Butterworth always maintained first-class rank in his profession in northern Indiana. In 1802 he. with a few other medical men from different parts of the State, was commissioned by Gov. Morton by au- thority of the war department, to visit Indiana troops in the field and hospital, then suffering so terribly from typhoid disease, and in that capacity rendered ef- ficient aid on the battlefield and in the camp of Pittsburg Lauding. In the sum- mer of 1802 he accepted a commission as surgeon of the Ninety-ninth Indiana Volunteer Regiment and served as such until the close of tlie war. The last year of his service he was detailed for hospital work principally at Marietta, Georgia and Alexandria, Va. He served as president of St. Joseph Valley District Medical Societ}', composed of the counties of Elkhart, St. Joseph and La Porte of Indi- ana, and Cass and Berrien counties, Mich. His papers were always among the best read before the medical societj', aud many of them were published in the leading medical journals of the county. He was a talented writer and a very forcible and expressive speaker. In 1872 his name was very favorably mentioned as a candidate for congress, but he felt unable to afford the expense necessary for the uncertain race and therefore declined the proposed honor. He was a leading Republican and represented his county in the legislature from 1870 to 187-4, with distinction, his services being publicly indorsed by a re-election. Following this he devoted his time to his profession and to the farming interest, continuing this until his death in December, 1888. He was twice married, his last wife being Mrs. S. E. Kennedy, a daughter of the Hon. Milo Smith, of Mississippi. Two sons and a daughter survive. Charles M. Butterworth, M. D., the youngest son, like his illustrious father, has selected the medical profession as his calling in life, and is one of the younger elements of our prominent, energetic and influential citizens, and one of the popu- lar physicians of South Bend. He was born at Mishawaka, Ind., July 8, 1S66, and his first scholastic training was received in the public schools of that place. Later he was a pupil of his aunt. Miss Carrie V. Sherwood, of his native town, and then studied for a j-ear in the ofiice of his father and Dr. J. B. Green. After this he entered the Medical College of Ohio, remained in the same three years, and in Sep- tember, 1889, he located in South Bend for the practice of his profession, and has remained here ever since. In politics he supports the platform of the Republican party. He is a member of the St. Joseph Medical Society and in 1891 was vice- president of the same. He is also a member of the National Association, and for three years has been county physician for the poor of Portage, German and Clay townships, also physician to St. Joseph Hospital and the County Asylum. George \V. Loughman. The name of Loughman is oue of the most influential in South Bend, Ind., and is one of the most respected by the community. Mr. Loughman deserves special notice for his public spirit and energy, and is at present the most efficient secretary and treasurer of the Sandage Steel Skein Compan.v, of that city. He was mayor of South Bend for some time, and very ably and efficiently did he conduct the affairs of the city during his incumbency. He was born at Browns- ville, Ohio, December 25, 1846, and is a son of David and Elizabeth (Martin) Lough- man, natives of the Keystone State. The father died in 1846, about three months 82 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL prior to the birth of our subject, and the mother died at Brownsville, Ohio, in 1877. Georce W. Loughman, the youngest of five children, passed his boyhood and youth on a farm, received a common-school education, and when seventeen years of age donued his suit of blue, shouldered his musket and enlisted in Company G, Thirty- second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving nearly two years. He was in all the engage- ments of the Atlanta campaign in which his regiment participated, was with Sherman to the sea, and through the Carolinas and Virginia. He was discharged at the close of the war and mustered out at Louisville, Ky. Keturning home he remained there for about three months, and then came to St. Joseph county, Ind., locating at ilishawaka. He clerked for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad com- pany, and later was appointed to an agency for the company, holding that position for about three years. He then came to South Bend as the company's cashier, and held that position for about six years. In 1880 he represented that railroad com- pany in the stock yards at Chicago for six mouths, after which he returned to South Bend as the company's agent, and continued as such for nine years. Altogether, he was in the employ of this company for twenty-three years, and then resigned to encage in manufacturing and his present pursuits. He has been treasurer of the Sandage Steel Skein Company ever since his connection with the same. In politics he is a Kepablican, and was elected two terms to the citv council. In 1882 he was elected mayor, and his services were publicly endorsed by re-election in 1884. In his re-election, while the city was from two to three hundred Democratic, he received a majority of more than 600 votes, thus attesting his popularity as a citizen and an official. Socially, he is a Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, South Bend Commandery, No. 13, Crusade Lodge, No. 14, also a K. of P., Auten Post, No. 14, & G. A. R. A charter member of the South Bend Building & Loan Association, he has been its president since its organization. This is one of the oldest in north Indiana, and one of the most successful in the State. In his religious views Mr. Loughman is a member of the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. In the year 1868 he was married to Miss Martha Chandler, of Mishawaka, Ind. , and one daugh- ter has been born to this union: Edith B., now Mrs. Osborn Miller, who resides at Three Rivers, Mich. Jacob H. Reamek. Mr. Reamer, president of the Sandage Steel Skein company, of South Bend, Ind., was born in North Liberty, St. Joseph Co., Ind., October 16, 1852, and possesses that independent spirit, that enterprise, push and industry necessary for a successful business career. His parents, Henry and Abigail (Liggett) Reamer, were natives of the Keystone State and Ohio, respectively, and made their home there for many years. The father was born near Newport, Penn., in 1818, and the mother was born in Ohio in 1823. The former learned the saddler's trade in his native State, and worked at the same until his marriage, when he began farming. Later he moved to St. Joseph county, Ind., and there his death occurred in 1891. His wife is still living, resides on the old homestead in this county, where they settled in 1843, and enjoys comparatively good health. The youthful days of our subject were passed on his father's farm and in the common schools, where he received a good practical education. Feeling the need of a better education he entered Northern Indiana College, where he remained for some time, and then branched out as an educator, teaching the young idea for about three years. He began his career as an instructor when eighteen years of age, taught during the winter months and worked on the farm during the summer. When twenty-one years of age he began his career as a business man, first as clerk in a grocery store owned by G. W. Buffum, South Bend, Ind. Two years later he and J. E. Williams (a brother-in-law), bought the stock of Mr. Buffum and continued the business until 1890, when he sold out to his partner. He is one of the originators of the Sandage Steel Skein Company, which was established in 1885, and is now the most efficient president of the same. This company employs seventy skilled work- men and is doing a prosperous business. Mr. Reamer is just in the prime of life, MEMOIRS OF IXDIASA. 83 and the high reputation he has always borne, together with his wide acquaintance in business and social circles, serves to stamp him as a gentleman with whom business relations must be pleasant and profitable to all concerned. He was married in 1874, to Miss Mabel Williams, a native of St. Joseph county, this State, and two children have been given them: Sumner, now sixteen years of age, and Florence Ann, four years of age. In politics Mr. Reamer is an uncompromising Republican, as was his father before him, and socially he is a member of the Maccabees. He is one of the honorable, upright citizens of the city, and possesses excellent business qualifica- tious and good habits. His parents were early and prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His paternal grandfather was a native of Germany, and was one of three brothers who- emigrated to the United States at a very early date and settled in Pennsylvania. There his death occurred. WiLsox Slabaugh. Prominent among the early pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind., were the Slabaughs, who were descendants of a prominent German family and inher- ited all the thrift and enterprise characteristic of the Teutonic element. The great great-grandfather of our subject, William H. Slabaugh, was Ixjrn in Alsace, Ger- many, was married there to Miss Elizabeth , and five children were born to them: John, Christian, George, Philip and Maria, all of whom grew to mature years in the old country, but finally emigrated to the '"land of the free."' The father lived to be ninety-nine and the mother one hundred years of age. The five children, thinking to better their condition, emigrated to America and settled in Lancaster county, Penn., at a very early date. There they married and reared families and received their final summons. The great-grandfather of our subject was George, who married in Pennsylvania a Miss Rosina Eshleman, who was also born in the Fatherland, but who came to this country with her parents when butseven years of age. The following children were bom to this union: John, Jacob, Lewis and Christian. The youngest of these children, Christian, the grandfather of our subject, was married in Pennsylvania to Miss Nancy Rhodes, a daughter of Henry Rhodes, who was of German birth and an early pioneer of Pennsylvania. Thirteen children were the fruits of this union, and the most of them were reared in Colum- biana county, Ohio, whither the family had moved at an early date. In the Buck- eye State the father died at the age of fifty- three and the mother at the age of sixty- five. They were well-to-do people and highly respected. Up to the last generation the Slabaughs were all farmers and prominent in their calling. The children of the last mentioned couple were named as follows: Christian (father of subject), Elias, John, Amos, George, a farmer in Union township; Henry, Isaac, Fianna, the wife of Solomon Berlin of the county (see sketch): Julia, wife of Josiah Berlin; Mary, wife of Patrick Richmond, who died in the late war, and later the wife of P. S. Hare, of Nappanee; Elizabeth, married Henry Eby, of Locke township, this county; Lucy, wife of L. Miller (deceased), subsequently married AVilliam Rosenberger. of Nappanee; and Samuel, died in Ohio, when young. Christian, the second child and the father of our subject, was born in Lancaster county, Penn., and when seven years of age was brought by his parents to Ohio, growing to manhood on his father's farm in that State. When twenty- nine years of age he married Miss Sophia Wal- ters, a native of Wayne county, Ohio, born in 1833, and the daughter of Henry and Rebecca (Witmyer) Walters. Thirteen children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Wal- ters and named as follows: Enoch, Jacob, David, Sophia, Abraham, Samuel, Eli, Rebecca, Fannie, John, Joseph, Henry and Catherine. AU these children are liv- ing with the exception of Rebecca and Fannie, and all married and reared families except the latter, who died young. After marriage Christian Slabaugh and wife emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind. This was in 1854 and they settled on the farm where they now live. Mr. Slabaugh had only enough money to buy eighty acres and for many years he and wife were obliged to economize in every way. They experienced all the hardships and trials of the early settlers but brighter days were before them. Their children, three in number, were born in Ohio. The eldest, 84 PICTORIAL AXU BIOORAPHICAL Lydia, was born August 5, 1849, became the wife of J. W. Albin, of Union town- ship (see sketch). Wilson (subject), the second in order of birth, was born in Sep- tember, 2, 1851, in Portage county, and Franklin, born February 22, 1853, died when fifteen years of age. The house in which all the children were born is still standing in Portage county, Ohio, and is an old landmark, now over one hun- di-ed years old and built on the Western Reserve. Christian Slabaugh and wife are still living on the old home place and are much respected by all favored with their acquaintance. Although well advanced in years they have not given up the active duties of life and the father still carries on the old farm. He has ever been inter- ested in the progress and improvement of the county and is a good citizen and pub- lic-spirited man. For the past four years Wilson Slabaugh, the subject of this sketch, has made his home in Nappauee, and is the only one of the family who has branched out from the beaten track of agricultural pursuits. He is at present a member of the firm of Walters & Slabaugh, which is doing a thriving business in lumber and the saw and planing mill business in this town. Mr. Slabaugh was only two years old when they moved to Elkhart county, and he was reared in the woods of Union township and attended the schools of the neighborhood. He ob- tained a good business education, which he has applied to a good purpose, and assisted his father on the farm until ISSO, when he started out to till the soil for himself. After following this occupation until 1887 he came to Nappanee and embarked in the lumber business, which has since grown to large proportions. He first began by burning charcoal and after following this successfully for some time, engaged in the lumber business with Mr. Jacob Walters. They are now doing a good business and are wide-awake, enterprising business men. Mr. Slabaugh takes a deep interest in church matters, and in politics is a Prohibitionist, although formerly a Democrat. Public spirited and warm hearted, he has a vast number of friends. On December 15, 1882, he married Miss Amanda A. Bechtel, a native of Elkhart county, Ind., born November 16, 1860, and one of nine children born to Daniel and Sarah (Neiter) Bechtel. To Mr. and Mrs. Slabaugh have been born five children, all sons, as follows: Floyd B., Franklin E., Daniel W., Chris E. and John W. Mr. and Mrs. Slabaugh attend the Methodist Episcopal Church and are classed among the leading people of Nappauee. Fredeick W. Mueller. It is universally conceded that the distribution of food products constitutes the most important factor in the long list of a city's industries, and, such being the case, the grocer must be accorded the palm as the most important contributor to the development of this fact, his wares covering almost every article of daily consumption known to man. This branch of mercantile activity is ably represented in South Bend, Ind., h\ the popular and well appointed establishment of Mr. Fredrick W. Mueller, located at 139, South Michigan street. Mr. Mueller was born in Jefferson county. Wis., October 2, 1853, and is a sou of John M. and Elizabeth B. (Meyer) Mueller, natives of Bavaria, Germany. The father was born June 22, 1822, and first set foot upon American soil in 1847. For about six months he made his home in South Bend, but in 1848 he went to Jefferson county. Wis., where he passed the remainder of his days, dying in 1881. He was a farmer for many years, but was also engaged in many business enter- prises, and at the time of his death was in the hotel business at the county seat of Jefferson county. His wife was born in 1822 and now resides at Jefferson, Wis. Fredrick W. Mueller, the eldest of five living children, supplemented a common- school education by two terms in the North Western University at Watertown, Wis. , and subsequently began learning the harness makers' trade in the shop of Charles Weiss, at Jefferson, Wis. Later he was in the harness makers' business at De Pere, Wis., and in 1872 came to South Bend, Ind., where he followed his trade for one year. In the spring of 1874 he entered the employ of Louis Nickel, and continued with him until 1880, when he engaged in the grocery business for himself at his present place of business. He has made hosts of friends in con- MEMOIRS OF lyDTAXA. 85 sequence of his ability and integrity, and justly merits the abundance of success that has attended his well directed efforts. He was married in 18S0 to Miss Anna M. Sack, a native of South Bend and the daughter of Dr. J. C. Sack, who came here about 1851. Four children have been the result of this union: Edward C. M., Thekle E. , Gretchen E. and Gertrude. In politics Mr. Mueller is a Democrat, and socially he is a member of Kobert Blum Lodge, No. 287, I. O. O. F., Royal Arcanum, A. O. U. W. and South Bend Turner. He is one of the most thorough- going, enterprising business men of the city. Noah Rensbeeger, dealer in general merchandise at Walkerton, is an intelligent man of affairs and his establishment is well stocked with all necessary articles required by the farmers and townspeople in his section of the county. He is a prod- uct of Holmes county, Ohio, where he first saw the light of day on the 4th of March, 1854, his parents, Jacob and Anna (SchafFer) Rensberger, being also natives of the Buckeye State, although of German descent. The paternal grandfather was a soldier in the Continental Army during the war of the Revolution. Jacob Rens- berger was successfully engaged in farming the greater portion of his life, and fol- lowed that calling in Ohio until his removal, in 1857, to St. Joseph county, Ind. He took up his residence on a farm in the vicinity of Lakeville, but subsequently removed to Walkerton, where he was called from this life in 1874. His wife died the same day of the firing on Fort Sumter. The following are the children born to this worthy couple: Mose, of Lakeville, Indiana; Elizabeth, wife of Henry Hoover; Mary, wife of F. G. Conrad; Sarah, wife of Edson Spencer; Eli, of Walkerton, and Noah, who is the youngest of the family. The latter was an infant when his parents came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and in the public schools of this section he received his education. When his father located in Walkerton he entered the store of T. J. Wolfe, where he remained as a clerk for seventeen years, never beiug away from the post of duty more than two weeks during the entire time, that absence being caused by the untimely death of his estimable wife. He was faithfulness itself to the interests of his employer, and during this long period of clerical work, he obtained a thorough insight into the business, which proved of great benefit to him when he came to open his present establishment, to which many of his old customers followed him and now give him a fair share of their patronage and support. In December, 1891, he opened his present house and now has one of the neatest and best stocked stores in the town. His strict integrity is well known, and this, with his genial and accommodating ways, have been the means of building up his present extensive pat- ronage. He was first married to Martha Ake, who died after bearing her husband three children, two of whom are living : Delbert and Edna. His second union was to Miss Mary Scoles, who lived but six days after their marriage. His present wife was Miss Anna Faulkner, of North Liberty, to whom has been given one child: . Mr. Rensberger has passed through many trials and disappointments, but pluck and untiring energy have conquered adverse fortune, and he now finds himself embarked on a smooth sea with the wind and tide in his favor. Politically he is a stanch Republican. E. J. Vincent. The furniture trade of Walkerton is ably represented by Mr. Vincent, who deals in a fine class of goods, sells it at reasonable prices, and has gained an excellent reputation for just methods. He is a native of Mishawaka, Ind., where he was born on the 19th of August, 1846, to Benjamin H. and Betsey (Ellis) Vincent, the former a native of England and the latter of Ohio. The father came to the United States at the age of twenty years, and from the city of New York, where he landed, removed at once to St. Joseph, Mich., thence to Mishawaka, and from there to South Bend. Having served a seven years' apprenticeship at the cabinet maker's trade in his native land, he worked at the same in Mishawaka and South Bend for a number of years, but in 1848 removed to the farm now occupied by Alexander Vin- cent, a brother of the subject of this sketch. There were 120 acres in the place at the time of his purchase, and beiug its third owner the place was fairly well 86 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL improved, there being a good frame dwelling bouse on it, and twelve or thirteen acres of cleared laud. Of this place be made a valuable and finely improved farm in a comparatively short time, through earnest and persistent efforts, but his last days were spent in the town of Walkerville, where he was called from this life in January, 1883. His widow and five of the seven children born to him survive him, the names of the latter being : E. J. ; Louisa, wife of T. H. Daugherty ; Alexander ; Albert , and Martha, wife of Franklin Fischer. E. J. Vincent remained with his parents on the farm until he was twenty-three years of age, and although his educational advan- tages were very limited he secured a practical knowledge of carpentering. He made a study of "Hatfield's House Carpentering," after which he began working by the day. From 1869 to 1876 he was engaged in the various occupations of railroading, milling, clerking and contracting in house carpentering, and on November 28, 1876, in company with a partner, he opened a furniture store in Walkerton, and has since devoted his attention to this business. The first room in which they displaj'ed their stock was 20x35 feet, with workshop above. They now occupy a fine building 40x75 feet, which Mr. Vincent himself erected, and a great deal of the stock is of Mr. Vincent's own manufacture. He keeps a reliable line of goods and as it is well known that he believes in fair dealing, he has a liberal patronage. He filled the position of town treasurer for two terms, has been a member of the school board, in which he has held all the ofiices from secretary to president, and in various other ways he has interested himself in the affairs of his section. He is a member of the A. "F. &A. M.,theK. of P. and politically is a Republican. In July, 1869, he was married to Rebecca S. Woodward, by whom he has six children: Clyde, Walter, Edna, Arthur, Elliott, and Raymond, who is the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Vincent are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. E. I. Leibole. The city of South Bend offers excellent opportunities for the contractor and builder, and one of the leading representatives in this line of business is E. I. Leibole, whose home has been at Walkerton, this county, since 1875. As a practical mechanic in all kinds of woodwork, scroll-sawings and wood turning, he is an expert, and his reputation in this regard has not been confined to the imme- diate vicinty in which he lives, but has extended all over the county. He also man- ufactures and sells bee supplies; also all kinds of ladders. He was born in Stark County, Ohio, February 9, 1837, to Daniel and Catherine (Richards) Leibole, who were born in Pennsylvania and New York respectively, and were of German descent. The father was a worthy "son of the soil," and in his youth was taken by his adopted parents to Stark county, Ohio, and is now a resident of Akron. His wife bore him a large family of thirteen children, as follows: Ernest I. , Eliza, Samuel, Henry, Hiram, Nancy, Elizabeth, Frank and Mattie, living; remainder deceased: William, who was wounded in battle at Chattanooga, and died from the effects of his wounds, at which time he held the rank of lieutenant; Jacob, who was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, died from its effects; Daniel was killed in a railroad accident; and a sister who died unnamed. E, I. Leibole lived on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, until twenty years of age, during which time he attended the district schools and Mount Union Seminary, but, in 1856, he removed to Elkhart, Ind., where he fol- lowed carpentering and teaching school until the opening of the Civil war, in 1861, and in the early part of that year his name could be found on the rolls of Company K, Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteers, but he was subsequently discharged from this regiment, and for some time was in the secret service. After quitting this he helped to recruit the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment, in which he held the commis- sion of first lieutenant. While in the service he had his right thumb shot off and re- ceived two other slight wounds. After his return home from the war he engaged in contracting, and evidences of his handiwork are visible in many of the towns within a radius of thirty or forty miles — notably in South Bend, where he helped to build many of the leading houses there when its first boom was on. In Walkerton he remodeled and rebuilt the "Knott Flouring Mill;" also the principal business houses here as .MEMOIRS OF IXDIAS^A. 87 ■well. He built a handsome church for the Presbyterians at Union Mills, and wherever this kind of work is to be done Mr. Leibole is sure to be called upon. For all kinds of " jig " or scroll-work and wood-cutting, he is amply prepared at bis thoroughly equipped shop in Walkerton. He employs during the season from six to twelve hands, and is prepared on short notice to furnish plans and specifications as well as furnish material, and is at all times able to give satisfactory references that his work will he done according to contract. In 1866 he was united in mar- riage to Miss Mary J. Antrim, and their union has resulted in the birth of the fol- lowing children: Ida, Frank, Lola, Milton D., Bertha, Vesta and Leger. Mr. Leibole is a member in good standing of the I. O. O. F., and also belongs to the G. A. E. George J. Eockstroh. The question of food supplies is one of the first with which the human family have to grapple, and viewing the competition from a commercial standpoint it will be admitted that the well-appointed grocery establish- ment furnishes the largest share toward the solution of the problem of feeding the masses. "The food we eat " is a vitally important question, and one that concerns the health and happiness of every man, woman and child. One of the finest appointed grocery stores in the city of South Bend, is that conducted under the firm title of L. Nickel Jr. & Co. , and of which Mr. Eockstroh is a member. Born in South Bend, Ind. , September 12, 1855, Mr. Eockstroh has ever shown much interest in the improvement and advancement of his native city, and is a reliable, wide-awake business maa. He comes of German parentage, his father and mother, Casper and Elizabeth (Zeitler) Eockstroh, being natives of the Father- land. Casper Eockstroh was born in 1827, and crossed the ocean at an early date. He settled in South Bend when the city was in its infancy, and followed the occupation of a baker and grocer. He was the founder of the extensive business now conducted under the firm name of L. Nickel, Jr., & Co., and was highly esteemed, both as a business man and citizen. He died in South Bend in 1867. His wife was born about 1833 and still resides in South Bend. George J. Eock- stroh, the yoiinger of two children born to his parents, was educated in the common schools and at an early age learned the baker's trade of his father. Later he engaged in the grocery business, and when twenty-one years of age branched out in business for himself, becoming a member of the present firm. This is one of the most extensive retail groceries in north Indiana, and is provided with every con- venience for business purposes and contains one of the finest lines of fancy and staple groceries to be found in the city. The members of the firm are men of energy and uprightness, and have won success by honestly deserving it. Mr. Eockstroh selected his life companion in the person of Miss Emma Muessel, a native of South Bend, Ind., and their nuptials were celebrated in that city in 1878. One child, Louis H. , has been born to this union. An ardent Democrat in his political views, Mr. Eockstroh has ever advocated the principles of his party. He is one of the city's representative citizens, and a shrewd, far-seeing business man. Calvert H. Defrees, contractor and dealer in paving material, sewer connec- tion, sewer pipe, etc., and also manufacturer of artificial stone, is one of the busiest men in South Bend, and owing to the promptness in meeting the demands upon his time, and his strict honesty in his dealings, he has prospered financially. He is a product of the city in which he lives, which has every reason to be proud of his indus- trious and honorable career, his birth occurring to Joseph H. and Sarah (Calvert) Defrees, in 1859, his parents being still residents of South Bend. His boyhood was spent here, and during the time that he was a student in the public schools he made fair progress in his studies. He has for some time been engaged in his pres- ent occupation, which is proving not only profitable but also congenial, and owing to the thorough knowledge which he has acquired of his work, his patronage is large. In 1878 he was united in marriage to Miss Ella Curl of South Bend, daughter of Joseph and Mary Curl, but in 1883 this estimable lady was called from 88 PICTORIAL .LSD BIOGRAPHICAL lito. having borue her biisbaud two ebildreu: Grace E. and Joseph W. After remaiiiiui; a widower for two years Mr. Defrees led to the altar Miss Mary S. Brown of Miohigan. a daughter of D. G. and Dorsey (^Kobiusou) Brown, who were born in Euglaud. They removed from Yorkshire, Eutjlaud, to the United States about lSr>l, and took up their residence in the Lake State, where their daughter, Mrs. Defrees. was born in 1S5S. Mr. Defrees" second union has resulted in the birth of the following children: Victor W., Frank C. and Dorsey I. Mrs. Defrees is a member of the Episcopal Church, and is a lady of much intelligence, relinement and genuine kindness of heart. Mr. Defrees is proud to call himself a Kepublican, and supports the measures of this party at all elections. Socially, he is a member of tlie Koyal Arcanum, and is also an honored member in that worthy order — the K. P. He is an expert paver, for he has spent most of his life at this business, and many of the tine streets of South Bend are the products of his skill. ExiAsrtL R. WiLxs. South Bend, Ind., has no more highly honored citizen within its coriK>rate limits that he whose name heads this sketch, and ever since his residence here he has been prominent in all good works and has made a host of friends by his correct mode of living. He owes his nativity to York county, Penn., where he was Ixjrn October 1, 1S40, to Lewis and Magdaliue (Fleshman") Wills, worthy and prominent people of York county. Emanuel K. Wills was ambitions of increasing his worldly possessions and for this purpose turned his face westward, and March. lS6o, fotind him in Indiana. His youthful advantages for acquiring an education were eseeeilingly limited, but he possessed natural abilities of an excellent order, and such opportunities as he did receive were made the most of. He received competent instruction in the art of agriculture on his fathers farm in Penn- sylvania, but this occupation did not suit his tastes and he wisely decided to devote his life to some other more congenial occupation. Upon coming to South Bend he began clerking in a dry goods store, after which he opened a grocery store on his own account, which he conducted for about five years, at the end of which time he discontinued the business and once more resumed his clerical duties in a dry goods establishment. In ISS'2 he was electeil to the position of city treasurer, and so ably did he till this office for two years that In ISSi he was elected on the Democratic ticket, which he had always supported, to the office of cormty treasru'er, which he held by re-election two terms of two years each. He made a beau ideal public officer, being faithful, efficient and courteous, and in 1S91 was appointed county asses-sor by tbe county commissioners, which office he held to the end of his term. In 1ST4 he married Margaret Coquillard. daughter of Benjamin and Sophia Coquil- lard, and their union has resvilted in the birth of live children, the eldest of whom died in infancy. The others are Leo, Edmond, Florentine and Adele. Mr. and Mrs. Wills are members of the Catholic Church. WiLUAM D. RocKHiLL is oue of those thrifty and energetic farmers for which St- Joseph county, Ind., has become well known, and in the conduct of his affairs has shown good judgment and business foresight. He was born in Ohio on the 30th day of July, 1S23. but his worthy parents, W'iHiam and Elizabeth (Dobbins) Rockhill, were natives of Xew Jersey, from which State they removed to Lebanon, Warren Co., Ohio, about iSOo. at which time both were about twenty years of age. The father was a practical mechanic and for some time worked with a Mr. Peacock, the manufacturer of the Peacock plow, but after removing to Lebanon, Ohio, he began manufactnring plows on his own responsibility and made various valuable improvements to the Peacock plow. About the year 1S25 he removed with his family and personal effects to Lexington. Ky., and there for about twelve years he employed from eight to twelve men in the manufacture of his plows and did a profit- able business. About that time he almost loss his sense of hearing and for that reiison decided to change his business, and anticipating the fact that slavery would cause trouble in Kentucky he decided to take up his residence in St. Joseph county, Ind. ; and after arriving in this section in the fall of 1S36 he at once turned his MEyiOIBS OF INDIANA. 89 attention to farming, but unfortunately did not live long enough to perfect his plans, for in 1841 he was taken sick with erysipelas from which he died. His was said to be the first case of the kind in St. Joseph county. He was of English descent, a man of admirable principles and his death was felt as a personal loss by the citizens of his section. His widow survived him until 185-1:, at which time she also paid the last debt of nature. She bore her husband four daughters and two sons, all of whom grew to maturity. William D. was their third child and until about thirteen years of age the most of his life was spent in Kentucky, in which State all his schooling was received. After the death of his father he carried on the home farm until he was twenty-nine years of age. In lSri2 he married Miss Sarah Keeley, who was born in Ohio and died October 30, 1890, being a daughter of Daniel and Rhoda Keeley, who were natives of the Buckeye State and became residents of St. Joseph county about 1845. To Mr. Rockhill and his wife four children have been born, three living: Daniel K., Thomas J. and Hannah E., wife of Edward F. Voght; and Newton J., who died when an infant. Mr. Rockhill is a member of the Grange, and is one of the successful farmers of the county. In 1876 he was elected one of the commissioners of St. Joseph county, in which capacity he served six consecutive years and in 1892 was elected county assessor. He was one of the organizers of the St. Joseph County Agi-icultural Society, of which he was one of the directors, and also the Farmer's Mutual Fire Insurance Company. He cast his first presidential vote for Henry Clay, but since 1872 has strongly opposed the Republican party. He resides just outside the city limits of South Bend, on a twelve-acre tract where he has a very comfortable and neat residence. Besides this property he also owns two farms in Warren township, both of which are under cultivation and well improved. He has been an active worker for the good of his section and is ever ready to assist in the advancement of the best interests of his State and country. Michael Augustine is the owner of a valuable farm of 360 acres nine miles west of South Bead, and a fine little tract of fifteen acres near the city limits. He is one of the oldest residents of the county. He is a son of Michael and Hannah (Hook) Augustine, who were natives of Germany. He was born in the old country, March 7, 1814. In order to accumulate a competency and make a home for their children, his parents braved an ocean voyage in a sailing vessel aud came to this country. They settled in Pennsylvania, remaining there about twelve years, aud from there they moved to Ohio, and in 1838 came to St. Joseph couuty, but after a residence of two j'ears went to Iowa, where they died at an advanced age. The father was a successful farmer. Michael Augustine, the subject of this sketch, removed to Ohio with his parents, where he remained until his marriage to Nancy Moss, which occurred in that State in 1836. They then came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and began clear- ing up a farm in Warren township. From this marriage were born ten children. The eldest, Mrs. Cornelius Wykoff, is a resident of Iowa. The eldest son, John, resides in Kansas, and the remaining seven living are all prosperous farmers and residents of St. Joseph county. Mr. Augustine held the one strong idea that when young aud ia the full possession of health and vigor was the time to prepare for rest and ease in old age, therefore, as his children became grown and were ready to settle in life he helped each one to a farm and placed them in a position to help them- selves, aud it is his pride to look around on his children and know that not one has disappointed him. Oae daughter. Mrs. Kate Line, died in 1870. Mr. Augustine has been twice married. The maiden name of his present wife was Mary Ritter, who was born in Ohio in 1820. She was a daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Witter) Ritter, who came from Virginia to this State aud county in its early settlement. To this marriage two children have been born, one of whom died in its infancy. The remaining one, a daughter, is the wife of Francis Dunn, of St. Joseph county. Seventeen years ago Mr. Augustine left the farm aud moved to where he now resides, in the vicinity of South Beud. Here he is very comfortaljly situated, and by all that know him is considered one of the prosperous German-American citizens of the 90 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL county and an honorable and upright man. He has always been a hard worker, and as a result, is in aifiuent circumstances. Upon first coroing to this section of Indiana the Indians were numerous and the country was but little settled. He has witnessed many changes during his residence here; the gradual dying out of the Indians, and the transformation of the wilderness into line farms and thrifty towns and cities. He has interested himself in the welfare of his adopted country, and schools and churches have especially found in him a liberal patron. He and his wife are members of the German Baptist Church, and he has always been a stanch Republican. His first presidential vote was cast for William Henry Harrison. Robert D. O. Eupel, retail lumber dealer, South Bend. In the various enter- prises that have made South Bend an important commercial center in this section of the State, the lumber trade has held an important place, employing large capital in its conduct, and giving to cognate industries a decided impetus by the energy and ability displayed in its development. One of the most active and euterprising of men engaged in this line of trade is Robert D. O. Rupel, whose place of business is eligibly located at 602 East Jefferson street. South Bend, Ind. He has met with a success simply commensurate with the abilities he has displayed and the highest prin- ciples and moral business methods which formed the corner-stone of his earliest busi- ness career. He was born in St. Joseph county in 1853, and is a son of Jacob P. and Ann M. (Stover) Rupel, who are substantial and honored citizens of the county. Robert D. O. Rupel was reared on a farm, and while tilling the soil learned the truth of the old saying that "There is no excellence without great labor," and accordingly he has never hesitated to put his hand to anything he could find to do, and thus his efforts have been prospered. He became a resident of South Bend in 1880, and since that time has followed his present occupation with good results. Upon settling in life he took for his wife Miss Anna O. White, of Michigan, daugh- ter of David and Marietta (Sosseman) White, her birth occurring near Akron, Oliio, on November 28, 1862. She is an intelligent woman, an admirable wife and a kind and accommodating neighbor. Mr. Rupel's mother died in 1862, but his father is still living and is a resident of this county. Louis Nickel. Louis Nickel, Jr., sou of Louis and Eva (Dietz) Nickel, was born April 13, 1846, in Bavaria. When Louis was eight years old his mother died, and two years later the boy's father, Louis Nickel, decided to take his two children and try his fortune in America. In 1857 they took passage at Havre, France, on the sailing vessel "Exchange," and after a voyage of thirty-five days they landed in New York City. The father being a talented musician employment was found which enabled them to remain for several years in the city. He at one time was with Gil- more's famous band, and later on a member of Theodore Thomas' splendid orchestra. Louis Jr. received most of his schooling before leaving the Fatherland, but attended school in New York City about a year, at the same time working, on off hours, in a tin shop owned by an uncle. His connection with the tin shop terminated under somewhat peculiar circumstances. On one occasion, while wheeling a hand cart laden with a half dozen stoves upon the street, the load became too heavy and be could go no farther. The police went to the rescue and caused Louis to be taken from his uncle, whom they supposed was cruelly using him, revealed the fact that the boy had simply over-estimated his physical strength. Louis next engaged himself to the paper hanging and window shade business as errand boy, receiving for his serv- ices §1.50 per week. During this period he learned the full value of a penny and often knew what hunger meant. After a time a similar position in a rubber manu- factory offered an opening and better compensation. ■ Receiving .S3 per week, he worked faithfully for this firm for three years. Soon after entering the employ of this house, his honesty, which had been tested and found sound, was honored by unusual trusts. He was given the key to the office and was often sent to the bank to deposit sums of money amounting sometimes to as much as 86,000. Errand boy's work could not last forever, so he resolved to learn a trade. He now became MEMOIRS OP I If DIANA. 91 apprenticed to a firm engaged in the manufacture of jewelers' tools. The first year in this service brought him $1.50 per week; the second year $2, and the third year S3. During this apprenticeship he used what spare time could be found in attend- ing the Cooper Institute, availing himself of the advantage of the instruction given there in mechanical branches. Before securing an entrance into the Cooper Insti- tute he was required to present a certificate showing that he was a laboring boy. In these days Louis did not know the meaning of pocket money and the stern les- sons in economy continued. At the end of the three years he went to Paterson, N. J. , and there secured employment as journeyman in Roger's Locomotive Works. Louis Nickel, Sr., some time before, had gone west and located in South Bend, Ind. Acting upon the advise and desire of his father, the young man resolved to see for himself what the west oifered, and came to South Bend, Ind., in January, 1870. He was soon engaged as machinist in the Singer Manufactur- ing Company. Later he approached T. M. Bissell, of the Oliver & BisseU Manufacturing Company, for employment. He was now twenty-three years of age, but younger in appearance. Mr. B. asked how much experience he had had, and when the young man answered " nine years," he was informed that the firm was in the habit of employing more experienced men. Louis was not to be dismissed so easily and insisted that Mr. B. give him one week's trial, at the end of which time, if the work did not prove satisfactory, he was to receive no reward. About this time, the reader will remember, the Franco-Prussian war was attracting general attention and interest. Well, at the end of that trial week Mr. Bissell went to Louis and said: "Are you a Prussian or a Frenchman?" the prompt reply was, "I am an American citizen." "Then you are all right; come right along to work," said Mr. B. He remained in the employ of this firm two and a half years, or until he went into business for himself. Mr. Nickel then purchased a half interest in the Rockstroh bakery, his associate in business being Mrs. Casper Rockstroh. This partnership lasted until he became associated with his present partner, J. G. Rockstroh. In the beginning of the bakery enterprise about seventy loaves of bread was the daily product, but with increased facilities the present daily output averages 1,500 loaves, besides cakes, pies and other baking. Mr. Nickel's firm has a well-appointed and heavily stocked grocery store in connection with the bakery and restaurant, employing a large force of workmen and clerks, and enjoying an extensive and steadily growing patronage. The fame of the Nickel restaurant extends far beyond the boundary limits of South Bend, or even Indiana. Mr. Nickel has also gained an enviable reputation as a caterer. He is noted for his rare business capacity, his indomitable push and energy, his perseverance and industry. Coupled with these are exceptionally attractive social qualities that have made his name a household word with thousands who have tested the excellence of his viands. Mr. Nickel has taken an active inter- est in the Turners' organization, having served as its president two terms, and treasurer of the same for a year. He is a stockholder in the Northern Indiana Hedge Fence Company. He is identified with several lodges — the A. F. & A. M., the Knights Templar, the I. O. O. F., being centennial noble grand and a delegate to the grand lodge at Indianapolis in 1876. He also holds membership in the Order of Elks. In December, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Kate Rockstroh. Their one child, Louise, recently graduated with marked honors from St. Mary's Academy. On January 18, 1893, Gov. Matthews commissioned Mr. Nickel as a member of his staff, with the rank of major, in recognition of his sterling qualities as a citizen, and his sturdy devotion to the welfare of the commonwealth. This high compliment came to Mr. Nickel wholly unsought, and is the first recognition of the kind accorded to any South Bender for many years. Those who know the gentleman thus honored feel confident that Mr. Nickel will do honor to the position and prove a credit to the State. Oliver M. CnsNiNGHAii. South Bend has its fall quota of vigorous, intelligent, 92 PICTORIAL -LVZ) BIOGRAPHICAL well-posted lawyers, whose popularity is based upon their thorough understanding of the law in all its details and who are forcible and convincing pleaders at the bar. None among these is more highly regarded by those who call upon his serv- ices than O. M. Cunningham, who wa^ born in Larwill, Whitley Co., Ind., July 5, 1861, a son of Jonathan and Eliza (Harvey) Cunningham, who were of Scotch- Irish descent and natives of the State of Peiinsvlvania. The paternal grandfather, Patrick Cunningham, was a native of Ireland, but became an American citizen in an early day and participated in the war of iSl'i, being present at the inglorious surrender of Hull at Detroit. He is buried on the Tippecanoe battle ground at Tippecanoe, Ind. Jonathan Cunningham removed from Pennsylvania to Newark, Ohio, and after residing there a few j'ears took up his residence in Whitley county, Ind., then in St. Joseph county, where he was called froQi life in 1879. his widow and five children survive him, the names of the latter being Andrew, Mrs. Ella Moore of Lakeville, Oliver M. , Arthur and Emmet. Four children are deceased. O. M. Cunningham resided on a farm until ten j'ears of age, then went to live with his sister, by whom he was reared. His early education was obtained in the district schools and was completed at Valparaiso, Ind., from which institution he graduated in 1881. He began teaching in the district schools at the age of sixteen years, and in that way obtained his money with which to further his studies. Immediately following this he took up the study of law and graduated from the law department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1888. Owing to the ill health of his wife he then went to California, but returned to Indiana in August, 1890, and has since been an active legal practitioner of South Bend, and has built up a large clientele. His knowledge of his profession is very thorough, and it did not take the peo- ple of South Bend and vicinitj' long to discover this fact. In 1S92 he was elected to the position of city attorney, in discharging the duties of which office he is proving his worth. On September 23, 1892, he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for circuit prosecutor, and at the November election, 1892, was elected by a large major- ity. He has identified himself with the interests of the county, and is considered a decided acquisition to the city. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. In Janu- ary, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss May Holler. Rev. Amos Bechtel, in addition to looking after the spiritual welfare of his fellows, is devoting much of his attention to tilling the soil in Harrison township, of which section he has been a resident for thirty years. He was born in Waterloo county, Canada, September 28, 1836, a son of Abraham and Elizabeth (Warner) Bechtel, the former of whom owes his nativity to Lancaster county. Penn., being a son of Jacob Bechtel, who was a native of that State also, but who became one of the early settlers of Canada. He reared eleven children: John, Henry, Jacob, AV>raham, Isaac, Nancj-, Elizabeth, Mary, Hannah, Catherine and Magdalana. Abraham was two years of age when taken to Canada, grew up, married and lived there, but in 1863 came to Elkhart county, Ind., and died in 1884, at which time he was eighty-seven years of age. He was a member of the German Baptist Church. His wife died in Canada in 1863. Of the large f amilj' of sixteen children born to this worthy couple, twelve are still living: Mary, Nancy, Abraham, William, John, Jacob, Magdaline, Noah, Amos, Lydia, Isaac and David. They all grew up in Canada, but a number moved to the States. Rev. Amos Bechtel received his education in the district schools of Canada, and in his youth became inured to pioneer life, but his early struggles taught him self-reliance, energy and thrift. On September 27, 1859, he was married to Miss Mary A. Funk, who was born in that section August 24, 1836, a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Sedcrist) Funk, the former of whom was of Buck's county, Penn. He was a son of John Funk, who removed from that State to Canada in an early day, but died in Michigan some years since. He was married twice, and his first wife was the mother of Mrs. Bechtel, whom she left an orphan at the age of nine years. She was one of five children: Mary A., John, Samuel, Hannah, and Sarah who died young. The MEMOIRS OF lyniAXA. 93 second marriage resulted in the birth of five children also: Libbie, Henry, Margaret, Dennis and Stella. Mrs. Bechtel was reared in the woods of Canada, but about thirty years ago came to this country with her husband, and with this section they have been identified ever since. They are earnest members of the Brethren in Christ Church, in which he has been a minister for the past fourteen years. He is a zealous worker for the cause of Christianity and has been since he was thirtj' years of age. He worked by the day in Harrison Center upon first coming to this town- ship, but in a few years succeeded in purchasing eighty acres of laud, but since 1885 has owned his farm of ninety- three acres where he is now living. He is a success- ful farmer and stcckraiser, and is one of the most prominent of the county's many worthy citizens. They have reared eight children and lost two: Leah was born in Canada, March 9, 1860, and is the wife of John Stump, living in Union township, by whom she has six children: Clara, Charles, Harvey, Yernie, Oscar and Milton; Eachel was born in Canada, November 27, 1861, is the wife of Jacob Fulmer, of Con- cord township, and has four children: Maude, Walter, Saloma and Truman; Harriet was born in Canada, May 13, 1863, and died in Elkhart county, October 2, 1870; Lavina was born in this township, .4.pril 16, 1866, is the wife of John Kehr, of Harrison township, and has three children: Koscoe, Ray and Dora; Daniel was born April 15, 1869, and died August 29. 1875; Mary A., was born March 10, 1872, and is the ■wife of Samuel Troup, of Jackson township, and has one child: Ralph; Amos F. was born December 22, 1873; Dora was born March 12, 1876; Rufus was born April 20, 1878, and Alpha was born September 22, ISSO. Mr. and Mrs. Bechtel occupy a lead- ing position among the citizens of their township, and are among the foremost in all good works. They are kind and charitable, generous in the use of their means in worthy causes, have been faithful and considerate in their family, and their children rise up and call them blessed. About fifteen years ago Mr. Bechtel met with quite a serious accident while felling timber in the woods, by the tree falling on his right leg, and since then he has been slightly crippled. He and his wife have cheerfully borne the burden and heat of the day, and are still ready to put their heart in the work that is found for them to do. They are a worthy couple in every respect, and possess numerous friends. J. H. LoDGHMAX is the proprietor of the admirably conducted City Transfer line, which business is one of the most convenient to the citizens of South Bend, of any establishment there. Among the numerous accessory industries to trade and com- merce in all large communities few have received such remarkable development as that which has for its object the transfer of freight of all kinds, aud Mr. Loughman is one of the leading men engaged in this line of work in South Bend. He was born in Licking county, Ohio, October 20, 1845, a son of David and Elizabeth (Martin) Loughman. James H. was brought up in his native county on a farm, and in the district schools in the vicinity of his home he received his education. In 1864 he enlisted to fight his country's battles, and his name could be found on the rolls of Company B, One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and on North Mountain, in West Virginia, he was captured by Gen. Jubal Early, and for eleven long months was confined in that foul prison-pen, Andersonville, during which time he experienced untold hardships and privations. He was released at Jacksonville, Fla., at the close of the war, and in 1866 he took up his residence in Mishawaka, lud., where he worked in the George Wilburn Wagon Factory for three years. He was next employed In* the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad for one year, but in 1873 embarked in the transfer business in Mishawaka on a small scale. One year later he became a partner in an undertaking and furniture establishment, the firm taking the name of Bernhart & Loughman, but at the end of two years he gave up this business and came to South Bend, and for one year thereafter was employed by the Lake Shore Railroad Company. Since 1878 he has devoted his attention to his transfer business, and his business has grown so steadily and rapidly that instead of using one team as he did at first, he now has twelve teams and wagons inactive 94 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL operation and does an enormous business. All orders receive his immediate atten- tion, and are executed satisfactorily and at moderate rates. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the K. of P., the K. O. T. M., the Turners' Society, the Order of Kedmenaud the G. A. R., in which he is past commander. He was a Sir Knight in the K. O. T. M. one term. In 1868 he was married to Miss Abbie Cook, by whom ho has two children: Grace, wife of A. D. Hubbard, and Frederick. Mr. Lougliman started in life with no capital, but by perseverance he has won the battle and can now enjoy the fruits of his industry. John Steenbero is one of the leading citizens of Harrison township and for nearly forty years has taken an active interest in the affairs of that section and has done his full share in making it the tine agricultural region that it is. This sub- stantial citizen was born in Dauphin county, Penn., on April 8, 1830, and was the eldest of seven children reared by Peter C. and Nancy (Finley) Sternberg, both of whom were born in Dauphin county, Penn., the former in 1809 and the latter in 1804. Peter C. Sternberg was a sou of German parents, who came to this country and settled in the State of New York, later taking up their residence in Pennsylvania. The paternal grandfather was a carpenter by trade and reared a family of three sons and four daughters: Jacob, Peter, Henry, Susan, Polly, Lydia and one whose name is not known. Peter C. learned the trade of carpenter and followed it all his life. About 1850 he removed to Stark county, Ohio, and in 1858 to Elkhart county, Ind., settling on a farm in Harrison township, and in addition to tilling the soil and work- ing at his trade, sold pumps. He died in December, 1890, at the age of eighty-one years, his wife's death occurring at the age of eighty-two years. They were mem- bers of the United Brethren Church and politically he was a stanch Republican. His wife was much respected by all who knew her and took an active part in church work. She was one of three children, Martha being the only one remembered. Mrs. Sternberg bore her husband children as follows: John; Mary A., who is the widow of John Smith and is living in Baugo township; Jesse C. was a farmer of Con- cord township, and has been dead twenty-six years; Nancy, wife of Samuel Powden of Concord township; Jacob died in this county in 1880; Benjamin F. is living in Harrison township; and Elizabeth, who is the wife of Henry Ipe, resides in Olive township and is the mother of eleven children. John Sternberg was a resident of the State of his birth until he was nearly twenty years of age and in the subscrip- tion and free schools ol)tained his knowledge of books. \Yhen he was old enough he was hired out by his father to work on a farm, and followed this calling until about eighteen years of age, when he began learning the carpenter's trade with his father and at the age of twenty removed with the family to Ohio. In 1855 he went to Minnesota but only remained there live or six months, as he did not like the countr}-, and returned east as far as Indiana, settling in Elkhart county, where he followed his trade until he once more took up farming in 1859. In 1857 he married Miss Leah Dillman, who was born in Lancaster county, Penn., on October 2'^!, 1837, being one of eleven children born to Jacob and Mary (Young) Dillman, their names being as follows: Catherine (Mrs. Wehr), living in Jefferson township; John, who died about thirty-seven years ago; Sarah, who is the widow of David B. Mischler, is living in this county; Elizabeth (Mrs. Huffman) is living in Clinton township; Reuben is a resident of Harrison township; Mary (Mrs. Luft) lives in this county; Leah (Mrs. Sternberg); Molly, who has been dead about twenty-four years, was the wife of Daniel Leer of Elkhart township; Samuel, who is living in Elkhart town- ship, and two children that died in infancy. The Dillmans are among the early pioneers of the county, and Jacob, the father of this family, was born in Lancaster county, Penn. He came of German parents and was a wagon and carriage maker by trade, a calling he followed until he came to Ohio. In 1853, he removed from Stark county of that State to Indiana and thereafter was a farmer of Elkhart township until his death in July, 1877. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, was in- terested in all church work and held office in the same. Politically he was a Repub- MEMOIRS OF INDI^i^A. 95 lican, was public-spirited aud energetic and reared his children to habits of thrift and industry. His wife was born in Lancaster county, Penn., in 1799, and died iu Elkhart county, Ind., in 1854. Mrs. Sternberg was a girl of fifteen years when she came with her parents by wagon to Indiana, the journey thither occupying about sixteen days. She attended school in Ohio aud in this State also and in 1856 was united iu marriage with Mr. Sternberg aud with him settled ou the farm on which they now live iu 1859. Although they were compelled to work very hard at first they gradually got ahead and from time to time increased their landed possessions until they are now the owners of 329i acres of finely improved land, which is di- vided into three farms, their son Jesse residing on one of 120 acres, of which he owns half. Mr. Sternberg is what may be called a self-made man, for what he has in the way of worldlj' goods is the result of his own and his wife's hard work. They are the parents of six children: Mary, born November 13, 1857, became the wife of Henry Dick, aud died October 29, 1884; Loretta E. was born August 22, 1859, and is the wife of Franklin Burns of Goshen; Jesse, born July 1, 1861, is a young farmer of Harrison township, is a Republican in politics, is a public-spirited young man and is married to Hattie Snyder, daughter of George Snyder of Elkhart township; Benjamin was born March 8, 1863, and died at the age of six weeks; Phoebe was born August 1, 1865; aud Harvey, who was born June 14, 1870, is as- sisting his father ou the old home place. He is a popular and active young business man. Mr. and Mrs. Sternberg are active and worthy members of the Lutheran Church, in which he has held the office of trustee and sexton. He is one of the most successful agriculturists of the county, is tilling 166 acres of land and is quite extensively engaged iu raising stock. He has held one township office, has been active in the affairs of his section and politically is a Republican. C. J. Gaskill, freight agent of the Chicago & Graud Trunk Railway at South Bend, Ind., was born in Battle Creek, Mich., October 24, 1852, a sou of Silas E. and Sarah E. (Cox) Gaskill, who were early settlers of Battle Creek. The grand- parents were natives of the State of New York, and were of English origin. Silas E. Gaskill was a blacksmith and wagon-maker by trade, but in connection with this work carried on farming also, in each and all of which occupations he was reasonably successful. About 1853 he went to California and located north of San Francisco for a number of years. The past ten years he has lived at Campo, San Diego county, where he still resides. He was the father of three children: Charles J., the subject of this sketch; Henry L., and Mrs. Mary Story of Germantown, Cal. The subject of this sketch was taken by his parents to California when two years of age, and his initiatory schooling was received in that State. When twelve years of age he returned to Battle Creek, Mich., for the purpose of attending school, and later in that city and in Galesburg, Mich., he learned telegraphy. His first position was on the Michigan Central, where he remained about one month, and in Septem- ber, 1873, he became an employe of the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad, then called the Peninsula Railway, stationed first at Olivet, Mich., and later at School- craft for four years. While at that place he was married to Miss Oda E. Hatch, by whom he has four children: Avis I. ; Olive; Howard and Gladys. He has been a resident of South Bend since January, 1879, and after having charge of the ticket office of the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad, he was promoted to his present position, the business having increased so much that they were compelled to put in a "ticket man.'' Mr. Gaskill has made two trips to California since his parents moved there, the first trip being made via the Isthmus of Panama, returning the same way when twelve years of age. He was in Denver the day the first engine was set up to go over the Denver & Rio Grande Narrow Gauge Railroad. Mr. Gaskill is one of the organizers and the treasurer of the St Joseph County Loan & Savings Association, and being very public spirited is connected with a number of other enterprises in the city. He is an intelligent and well-posted mau on the various topics of the day, and in his position of freight agent is capable, efficient and energetic, 96 PICTORIAL AXI) BlOGliAPHICAL in fact, the right man in the right place, of which fact his employers are well aware. H. L. Gaskill, the brother of C. J., is a dealer iu cigars, tobacco, etc., at 126 West AYashington street in South Bend, but was born in Ukiah, Cal., November 13, 1861. Wheu four years of age he was brought to Battle Creek, Mich., where he was reared, his education being obtained in the public schools. Brought up on a farm he followed that occupation until nineteen years of age, when he became an employe on the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railroad as freight cashier at South Bend, lud., and this position filled with credit to himself from August, 1880, till February, 1889, when he engaged in his present business, of which his energy, intelligence and knowledge of the wants of the public, have made a paying enterprise. He has the finest tobacco establishment of the city, deals in all kinds of the weed, and also keeps a tine assortment of pipes, tobacco pouches, etc. He is a pushing and enter- prising j'oung business man, and is highly regarded in the commercial circles of South Bend. He was married in March, 1887, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Samuel Bowman of this city. Mr. Gaskill is a member of the South Bend Valley c»c Gun Club, and being of a social and genial disposition is a favorite in society. Paul H. Kurtz. The name of this gentleman is a familiar one throughout Elk- hart county, Ind.,andis synonymous with the sawmill and farming interests of his section. He has been a resident of Harrison township for nearly forty years and during this period he has kept his escutcheon untarnished. He was born in Stark county, Ohio, on June 18, 1828, being the fourth child born to Henry and Catherine (Loehr) Kurtz, the former being a native of Wurtemburg, Germany, where he was born in 1796, lived to be seventy-seven years of age and died in Colum- biana, Columbiana Co., Ohio. He remained in his native land until about twenty years of age, then became an emigrant to America and took up his residence in Bucks county, Penu., where he followed the calling of a school teacher. He was married thei-e and there made his home until 1825. when they moved to Pittsburg and in 182/ to Stark county, Ohio. He was a minister of the Lutheran Church until 1826, then changed his doctrine and began expounding the faith of the German Baptist Church: which he continued to do until death closed his career. From 1842 he was a resident of Columbiana coiinty, Ohio, and iu addition to preaching the gospel, he also tilled the soil. The old homestead in Ohio is still owned by his son. George H. Kurtz. He was successful in a business way, and published a paper called the Gospel Monthli/ Visitor, for some years. This paper he established in 1850 and the enterprise is still in existence under the name of the Gosjiel Messenger. He devoted the most of his energies to religious work, was also a patron of education and was himself a fine scholar and a polished gentleman, having thorough command of five or more different languages. He wielded a widespread influence for good, ever supported the cause of justice and right, and as a natural consequence his friends were numerous aud faithful. His widow survived him until 1884, when she, too, passed from life in Mahoning county. She was a daughter of Henry Loehr, who was a well-known farmer and school teacher of Northampton county. Penu., where he was eventually called from life, his widow dying in Ohio at the home of her son Jacob Loehr, in Hancock county. The paternal grandfather of Paul H. Kurtz George Kurtz, was born October 14, 1745, and died at the age of seveuty-tive years. His wife was Henricka Miller, who died on June 15, 1857. at the advanced age of eighty-five years The grandfather Loehr died on December 25, 1834, when eighty one years of age. The mother of Paul H. Kurtz resided in Pennsylvania until her marriage, and being an earnest member of the German Baptist Church for fifty-eight years she was of great assistance to her husband in his church work. Oiit of seven children born to them only four are living: Harry, who died in Penn- s_ylvania in childhood: Henrietta, who was born in Pennsylvania, died in Ohio when nine years of age; George H. was born in Pittsburg. Penn., and is living on the old home farm in Mahoning county, Ohio; Paul H. ; Christian H.. who died young; Henry J., who is living at Covington, Ohio, a man of no family. These children MEMOIRS OF IXDIA^A. 97 received excellent training, were taught to revere the Bible, and have lived to be a credit to the parents who reared them. Paul H. Kurtz spent his early life in Stark county, Ohio, but from the time he was fourteen year.? of age until he attained his twentieth year, his time was spent on a farm in Columbiana county, Ohio. After spending two years as an apprentice at the carpenter's trade, he began working at that calling and in 1850, with the idea of bettering his financial condition, he came to Elkhart county, Ind. , and took up his residence near New Paris. From that time until 1853 he erected many houses and barns throughout the county and won an excellent reputation as a man who thoroughly understood his calling. In 1852 Mary P. Shively, who was born in Stark county, Ohio, April 4, 1829, became his wife, she being a daughter of Isaac and Susanna (Snyder) Shively, the father having come to this section from Stark county, Ohio, in 1847, his death occurring here in 1848, leaving a family of nine children: Jonas, Daniel, Mary P., Margaret, Susan and Barbara (twins), Joseph, Lydia, Esther, all of whom are living. The mother of these children, who was born in Stark county, Ohio, died in Jackson township this county, in 1857. The Shivelys were connected with the German Baptist Church, in which Isaac Shively was a deacon. Mrs. Kurtz was eighteen years of age upon her arrival in this county, and here she resumed an acquaintance with Mr. Kurtz which had been commenced when they were children in Ohio. After their marriage they kept house in New Paris for one year and from that time until 1855 they resided on an eighty- acre farm in Kosciusko county. They then located at Harrison Center in this county where Mr. Kurtz began giving his attention to the saw-mill business with his brother-in-law, Moses Teegarden. While in Kosci- usko county Mr. Kurtz built a number of saw-mills, and after going into that busi- ness for himself, he operated two mills at once. In 1864 he bought his present farm of 160 acres and now has a well-improved place. As a business man he has been successful, and this has not been only owing to his intelligent method of con- ducting his affairs, but to the fact that he has been very energetic and enterprising. He has always been a Eepubiiean in politics and in this respect, as well as in various other ways, his sous have followed in his footsteps. He has interested him- self in public matters, thoroughly understands the issues of the day, and is a patri- otic, whole souled and intelligent gentleman. He and his wife hold to the faith of the German Baptist Church, in which he has been a deacon for a number of vears. He has been on the committee for the building of two churches, but other worthy enterprises also occupy his attention. Nine children have been born to this union: Amanda P., born August 2. 1853, died when fifteen months old; Lewis P. was born September 10, 1855, and is still with his parents, while his twin sister Cath- erine is the wife of Henry Sherman, of Harrison township, and is the mother of seven children: Charles, Minerva, Nettie, Oliver, Jerome, Luella and Vernon. Henry P. was born August 5, 1857, and is living at Milford, Ind.; Lovina was born February 21, 1859, is the wife of Charles Warstler, residing east of Elkhart and has one child. Ira; Sarah A., born December 18, 1860, and died in infancy; Daniel P., born November 25, 1863; Leander P., born April 10, 1865, and Ida, born July 29, 1871. Mr. and Mrs. Kurtz were married January 17, 1852. They have a commodious and substantial brick residence, which was erected in 1867, which is very conveniently arranged. Here they dispense a generous hospitality to the nu- merous friends they have gathered about them. R. L. Br.a^uxsdorf, of South Bend, Ind., is destined to make his mark in this section as an architect of special attainments. He is prepared to make designs for and estimate on all classes of proposed new buildings for public and private use, preparing all sketches and plana for the same, and studiously embodying everv wish and suggestion of his clients. His plans are both practical and economical; modern ideas are noticeable features, coupled alike with symmetry and architectural beauty. His estimates and computations are always accurate and not exceeded in actual con- struction, and under his supervision the specifications are most rigidly adhered to. 98 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Mr. Braunsdorf is a native of Dantzig, Germany, where he was born July 25, 1843, a sou of John G. and W. J. Braunsdorf, both of whom spent their lives in the land of their Inrth, the father having beeu a shoemaker by occupation. The_y became the parents of seven sons and six daughters, six of the sous being now residents of the United States but the daughters are still in Germany. R. L. Braunsdorf was educated in Holzminden, one of the largest schools of Germany, from which he graduated iu 1804. In the Fatherland he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked for three years while traveling over that country. In 1865 he embarked at Hamburg for America and landed at the city of New York, where he remained five years, working at his trade. Iu 1871 he came to South Bend, of which place he has since been a resident, the first ten years of his stay here being spent in workiug out by the day. He then began contracting for himself and subsequently turned his attention exclusively to architectural work, for which he possesses decided talent. He has filled a number of large contracts in a very satisfactory manner, among which maj^ be mentioned Studebaker Bros.' repository of Chicago, and Clem Studebaker's residence of South Bend, the residence of F. Fish, of South Bend; the Muessel Block; the C. A. Carlisle residence, and many other homes and business blocks which are an ornament and credit to the city. Mr. Braunsdorf is a member of the Cath- olic Knights of America, is a Democrat politically and served one term as trustee of the city water-works. He was married in 1868 to Miss A. W. Mochring, who was born in German}', their marriage being celebrated in the city of New York. Of seven children born to them the following are living: William H., Walter J., Jo- hanna W. and Augusta H. Peter Loucks, who is one of the oldest pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind., has attained to the advanced age of four-score years and seven, for his birth occurred in Westmoreland county, Penu., September 21, 1805. He was married there Feb- ruary 1, 1827, to Miss Anna Berkey, who was also a Pennsylvanian, born Sep- tember 1, 180S. Soon after their marriage they removed to Ohio, and after resid- ing successively in Holmes, Medina and Wayne counties of that State, they, in 1851, came to this State and county and settled on the farm where their youngest son, Jonas, is living. They purchased I6t1 acres of woodland, on which a small log cabin had been erected, and on that farm Peter Loucks has resided ever since. He followed the calling of a shoemaker in Ohio, but since his residence in this county the most of his attention has been given to farming. He has been a life-long mem- ber of the Mennonite Church, is deeply interested in Christian work, and in the various affairs of the county he is very public spirited. He is now the oldest pio- neer of Harrison township and as he has always endeavored to do what is fair and right, he has made numerous friends and few, if any, enemies. He is a man of strong convictions, and has ever been a stanch Republican in politics. For the past quarter of a century he has been retired from the active duties of life, and well deserves this rest after so faithfully and ably bearing the burden and heat of the day. His wife was called from life April 1, 1890, at the age of eighty-two years. She had been a life-long member of the Mennonite Church, was an exemplary Christian, a noble, kind and faithful wife and mother. She bore her husband seven sons and five daughters, of which family nine are living: Susanna, born April 28, 1828, died when four years old; Anna, born August 23, 1829, married David Swope, after his death John Buzzard, and died iu 1890; Jacob, born September 9, 1831, is living in Olive township; William, born August 20, 1833, is living in St. Joseph county, Ind. ; John, born September 18, 1835, is living in Olive township; Sarah, born November 29, 1837, is the wife of Tobias Myers; Martin, born March 11, 1840; is a resident of Olive township; Isaac, born June 19, 1842, is living in southeast Nebraska; Catherine, born July 4, 1844, died after her marriage to Henry J. Culp, Peter, born January 22, 1847, is living in Kansas; Mary, born April 24, 1850, is the wife of William Holdeman and is living in Concord township, and Jonas, who was born January 3, 1853, lives on the old home place. This worthy old couple spent MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 99 many years of hard work on their pioneer farm, but their work gradually told and they at last subdued the forces of nature aud were in possession of a magnificent and valuable farm. Jonas Loucks, their youngest son, has resided on the old home farm in Elkhart county all his life and in his youth not only obtained a thorough education in the commou schools near his home, but also learned lessons of indus- try, thrift and economy that have made him the well-to-do man that he is. He took the management of the home farm on his shoulders when about twenty-four years of age, aud in 1890 bought the place of his father, who still makes his home with him. The place contains 160 acres, and although it is one of the oldest farms in the county, it has been so carefully managed that it is one of the most fertile of farms. Jonas Loucks is a sturdy young farmer of good business ability and devotes his farm to the raising of stock and grain. In 1876 he was married to Miss Anna Ramer, a native of this county, born. March 9, 1854, a daughter of Tobias and Esther (Hoover) Ramer, the former of whom came to this section from Pennsyl- vania, married here, and here reared a family of five children: Fannie, Annie, Samuel, Martin and Susan. Mr. and Mrs. Loucks have four children: Susanna, born November 27, 1878; Martin, born March 25, 1881; Emma, born December 21, 1884, and Esther, born August 23, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Loucks are members of the Mennonite Church, and he has beeu a preacher of that denomination for the past sis years. He is a well-informed and intelligent man and the principles of the Republican party have always commended themselves to his judgment. The good of his section is of paramount interest with him, and he has done his full share in making it the desirable place of residence that it is. Jacob Loucks, a well-known, practical aud successful farmer of Elkhart county, Ind., was born in Holmes county, Ohio, September 9, 1831, and is a son of Peter Loucks, whose sketch precedes this. The maternal grandparents were John and Susanna (Buzzard) Berkey, who removed from Pennsylvania to Holmes county, Ohio, where they spent the remainder of their days and reared twelve children: Christian, George, Isaac, Peter, John, Anna, Elizalieth, Barbara, Margaret, Mary, Rachel and Catherine. Peter Loucks was one of eight children as follows: Martha, John, Jacob, Henry, Peter, Sally, Mary and Catherine. Besides his own children Peter Loucks has sixty-four grandchildren and sixty-two great-grandchildren. The early life of Jacob Loucks was spent in Ohio, where he attended the district schools and assisted his father in tilling the soil, clearing land, grubbing, etc. After coming to this State he was married to Miss Catherine Freed, a daughter of Jacob and Mar- garet Holdeman Freed, the former of whom was born in Virginia, a son of Jacob and Mary (Bideler) Freed. The grandfather, Jacob, was a resident of the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia, was there married, but became a resident of Holmes county, Ohio; here he died at the age of eighty-four years. Jacob, the father, was a young man when the family moved to Ohio and there he married Anna Freed, who bore him two sons, John and Andrew, both of whom became residents of Elkhart county, Ind., the latter being deceased. The mother of these children died in Ohio in 1833, and three years later the father married Margaret Holdeman, who was a daughter of Christian Holdeman, who removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, from Bucks county, Penn., where he died. His wife passed from life in Elkhart county in 1865. From this couple sprang all the Holdemans of this section. Jacob and Margaret (Holde- man) Freed first settled in Holmes county, Ohio, but in 1852 came to Elkhart county and began farming in Locke township. The father died April 2, 1869, at the age of seventy-two 3'ears, having been a minister of the Mennonite Church for many years. His wife passed from life May 30, 1887, at the age of seventy-seven years. She was first married to Samuel Yoder, by whom she had five children: John, Elizabeth, Jacob, Nancy and Samuel, her second marriage resulting in the birth of four children: Catherine, Mary, Joseph and Christian. Joseph was a soldier in the Civil war, participated in a number of engagements aud during his service died at Jeffersonville, Ind. Mary is the wife of Anthony Whisler of Kansas, 100 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL and Christina is the wife of Joseph Landis of this county. Mrs. Loucks has been a resident of this county since she was fifteen years of age, her birth oceuring Sep- tember 14, 1837, and at the age of seventeen she was married. She and her hus- band lived in St. Joseph county, this State, until 1891, when they bought the farm on which they are now living, in Olive township. They have built a new house and barn thereon and have in other ways greatly improved, the fences and outbuilding being repaired, etc. Their children are aa follows: William H. , born April 26, 1851, is married to Elnora Topper, is a resident of St. Joseph county and has five children: Franklin, Anna, Jarius, Nora and Dora; Sarah S., born March 23, I860, is married to John R. Mikel and has one child: William H. ; Mary E. was born April 8, 1862, is the wife of Joseph Dills and has five children: Minnie C, Eva M. , Emma A., Alva E., and Sarah E., who is deceased; Andrew M. was born June 6, 1865, and died when one year old; Jacob O. was born October 15, 1867, is married to Barbara E. Anthony, and is living in St. Joseph county and has one child: Bertha E. ; Anna Margaret, born August 22, 1870, and Jonas E., born October 12, 1875. Mr. and Mrs. Loucks are members of the Mennonite Church, and Mr. Loucks has been ordained a minister in the same. As a business man he has been prosperous and in the conduct of his affairs he has shown good judgment and much intelligence. He has a finely improved farm of 300 acres and still owns his old home in St. Joseph county. What he has in the way of worldly goods has been won by hard work, and he deserves much credit therefor. He is a Republican politically, and he has held official position in St. Joseph county. Louis A. Hull, city clerk of South Bend, Ind. The official work of this gentle- man has extended over a number of years and has brought him before the gaze of the citizens of South Bend, and in him his constituents have found a man of ability and integrity, and one whose activities have ever been employed for the good of the community. He is a product of Troy, N. Y., where he first saw the light of day Sep- tember 3, 1842, his parents being Adolphus and Frances (Moss) Hull, who were born in Canada and the Green Mountain State respectively. Adolphus Hull settled in Troy, N. Y., about 1840, but in 1856 came westward and took up his residence in South Bend, where he is now living, retired from the active duties of life. He and his wife became the parents of five sons and one daughter: Louis A. ; George W., who is superintendent of the machine department of the Singer Sewing Machine Company; Joseph, who is the western agent for the Goodrich Rubber Hose Com- pany, of Chicago; Charles, who is engineer of the Singer Sewing Machine Com- pany, of South Bend; Fred, who is the proprietor of Hull's Boiler Compound, and Mary, wife of J. M. La Pierre, a traveling salesman for Reddell & Reddell, wholesale grocers. Louis A. Hull was only thirteen years of age when brought to South Bend, but had previously attended the high school of Troy, N. Y., and finished his education, so far as books were concerned, in the schools of South Bend. At an early day he became a clerk and book-keeper for A. Coquillard Lumber Com- pany, but upon the breaking out of the Civil war in 1861, he cast aside personal considerations and enlisted to fight his country's battles, believing the "sword to be mighter than the pen. " However, he was later transferred to the quartermaster's department, as chief clerk of the transportation department, which position he held until the war closed. Notwithstanding his desire for actual service in the field, the position which he held was a very trying and responsible one for a young man of his years, but he showed a remarkable ability in dispatching work, and was always accurate, prompt and energetic. The most of the time he was stationed at Nashville, Tenn., and after the termination of hostilities he spent about two years in traveling in different localities, and up and down the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, and on Lake Michigan, as clerk on various steamers. In 1868 he returned to South Bend and again took upon himself the duties of his old jsosition with the Coquillard Lumber Company, of which he remained an honored and trusted employe, until 1870, when he was transferred to the Coquillard Wagon Works, where he served in the MEMOIRS OF INDI.W^A. 101 responsible position of accountant and confidential clerk, until the death of Mr. Coquillard in February, 1890, continuing to remain an employe of the company thereafter until Septemer 1, 1892. Having been elected to the position of city clerk in May of that year on the Republican ticket by the largest majority that has been polled for the ofiSce in many years, which fact is a suificient testimonial of his com- petency and popularity, he entered upon his duties and has proved himself a beau ideal public officer, being accurate, punctual, intelligent and obliging. Mr. Hull has many steadfast friends in all parts of the county, and with all classes, and is him- self honest and earnest in his profession of friendship. As an illustration of his faithfulness and desire to do his duty, it can be said of him, that during the twenty- four years that he was in the employ of the Coqtiillards, he never lost but one day, except on account of sickness. He is a member of the K. of P., having passed all the chairs in this order, the G. A. R., and the German Turners' Society. He became a " benedict " in 1869, Miss Lydia Duck becoming his wife, and to their union two children have been given: Harry and Grace. Mr. Hull served as mem- ber of the city council from the Fourth Ward from 1876 to 1878, and did excellent service while a member of that body. Frederick Trisixger is one of the stockholders and a prominent member of the Wakarusa Lumber Company, which is one of the most active firms in its line of work in the county. Mr. Trisiuger was born in Canada, September 11, 1853, to Adam and Julia A. (Ohlheiser) Trisinger, the former of whom was born in Germany in 1826, or about that time, and was a son of Frederick and Julia A. Trisinger, who came to America with their family and settled in Canada, where a number of years were spent. They then came to Elkhart county, Ind. (in 1860), but the grand- father died during the trip and the grandmother passed from this life in St. Joseph county, Ind., about 1872. They reared a family of five children: Adam, Jacob, John, Philipbena and Lena, all of whom are living, but only one resides in this sec- tion of the county — Lena. The grandfather was a farmer throughout life and succeeded in accumulating a valuable property. Adam Trisinger was the second child born to his parents, and prior to their leaving Germany they acquired a good education in the schools of that country. He grew up on a farm in Canada, but also learned the butcher's trade, which calling he followed the greater part of his life. He was married in Canada and three of his children were born there. In 1856 he located in Elkhart county, Ind., and took up his residence in the vicinity of Wakarusa, after a short residence on that place, and till after the Civil war tilled a farm in Harrison township. He then moved to Bremen, Marshall county, where he conducted a butcher shop two years; then once more returned to Wakarusa, where he resided until his removal to Michigan. From that place he went to St. Joseph county, Ind., and for the past four or five years he has lived in that county. His children are as follows: Jacob, who died at the age of four years; Frederick, the subject of this sketch; Lena, who died in childhood; Marj', who was born in Indi- ana, is the wife of Jacob Harrington, and is a resident of Olive township, Elkhart county; and Catherine, who was born in Indiana, died in childhood. The mother of these children died in 1864, having been born in Germany. Like her husband she removed to Canada where her early life was spent. She was a life-long member of the German Lutheran Church, was a noble mother and a faithful and affectionate wife. After her death the father took for his second wife Miss Julia A. Burling- court, who is still living and has borne him five children: Lucinda, who is married and lives in South Bend, Ind.; Elizabeth, who also resides there; John, Solomon and William. Mr. Trisinger is a member of the German Baptist Church, in politics is a Republican, and is well known for his public spirit and intelligence. Frederick Trisinger was a child of three years when he was brought to Elkhart county, and in the public schools of this section he received a good practical, business education. He left home when only thirteen years of age, and since that time has made his own way in the world, and until he was twenty years of age his earnings were given to 102 PICTORIAL AJfB BIOGRAPHICAL his father. He learned and worked at the carpenter's trade, succeeded well in his undertakings, and in 1877 engaged in saw- milling, and became a member of the Smeltzer Sons & Co., and since 1879 has helped to operate the business successfully. They manufacture all kinds of lumber for building ]iurposes, and make a specialty of this kind of lumber. The members of this well-known firm are; Jacob H. Dell, John Smeltzer, H. J. Smeltzer, Fred Trisinger and Anthony Smeltzer. The mill has a capacity of 7,000 feet per day, for which a ready and profitable market is found. Mr. Trisinger was married on January 7, 1877, to Miss Elizabeth Smeltzer, a daughter of John Smeltzer. She was born June 29, 1860, and has presented her husband with two children, only one of whom is living, Maudie J., who was born on March 20, 1885. The other child died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Trisinger are members of the Christian Church at Wakarusa, and in politics Mr. Trisinger is a Republican, the interests of which he has always furthered to the best of his ability. As a man of affairs he has shown remarkable foresight and it is owing to his good judgment and business acumen that he has accumulated the handsome prop- erty of which he is now the owner. He and Mrs. Trisinger are considered among the first people of Wakarusa, and their hospitable home is a favorite resort for their numerous friends. William A. Eutherford is the genial, courteous and capable city treasurer of South Bend, and was born in Madison township, St. Joseph county, October 16, 1850, a son of Jesse V. and Mary C. (Cotton) Rutherford, who were born in Cul- pepper county, Ya., and Prince Edward's Island respectively, the birth of the former occurring in 1826. In 1845 he turned his face westward and after a short stay in Elkhart county, Ind, he came to St. Joseph county, where he has resided since 1853. Here he entered laud and followed farming for a number of years, but for the past eighteen years has been one of the leading grocers of South Bend, and is highlj- regarded as an honorable business man by all classes. His family con- sisted of five children, two of whom are living: William A. and Mrs. Lina E. Blake, of South Bend. William A. Rutherford resided on a farm until eighteen years of age, and during that time learned not to be afraid of hard work. He obtained his educa- tion in the country schools, and after coming to South Bend learned the art of photograph}-, at which he worked for four years. In 1874 he embarked in the grocery business with his father, under the firm name of J. V. Eutherford & Son, which continued until the latter' s election to the office of city treasurer in September, 1892, to which he had been elected in the previous May. He was elected on the Republican ticket, of which he had always been a supporter, by a majority of 278 votes, the previous election having been 870 Democratic majority. The people's confidence in his ability has not been misplaced, and under his capable manage- ment everything moves along with clock-work precision. He has always been the soul of honesty in all his business transactions, and by his correct mode of living made numerous warm and faithful friends. He is interested in the public weal; is generous in his support of worthy measures, and, in fact, is a model citizen, as all who are acquainted with him know. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, of which order he is regent, and he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His wife, whom he married May 19, 1875, and whose maiden name was Jennie Bucher, is not a member of the church. Jeremiah Haun, who since 1866 has made his home in Olive township, was born in Fayette county, Penn., February 12, 1830, the third in a family of twelve children reared by John and Martha (Shank) Haun, the former of whom was born in that county and State also, his birth occurring May 1, 1801. He was a son of one of the early jaioneers of that county, and of that section he remained a resident until he was twenty-five years of age, but owing to the fact that he was forced to begin working at a very early age, his opportunities for obtaining an education were lim- ited. He was married in Fayette county and in 1837 moved to Holmes county, Ohio, where, in addition to tilling the soil, he followed the occupation of threshing MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 103 for many years, and succeeded in becoming well to do. He was active in the polit- ical ailairs of his section and was a life-loug Ref)ublican. He is now living a retired life in Holmes county, and has attained to the advanced age of ninety-two years. Not- withstanding the fact that the snows of many winters have passed over his head, he is quite active for one of his age and his mind shows but little the ravages of time. For thirty-tive years he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is interested in Christian work, and reared his children to honest and industrious man- hood and womanhood. His wife was born in Fayette county, Penn., in 1807, a daughter of Christian Shank, and resided with her husband and children in Ohio until her death in 1889, at the age of eighty-three years. She had been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years, was a helpmate, indeed, to her husband, and was devotion itself to the following childi-en which she bore her hus- band: James is a farmer, a man of family and resides in Holmes county, Ohio; Mary is the wife of Christian Kilmer, of Holmes county; Jeremiah (the subject of this sketch), is a farmer and lives in Elkhart county, Ind. ; Peter, died at the age of fif- teen in Holmes county; Nancy, who is the wife of John L. Moyer, of Clay county, Ind. ; Uriah, who died at the age of seventeen years; Mahala, who died in childhood; two that died in infancy; Harry, whose residence was in Holmes county, but who died in Missouri in 1890. He had been a member of Company G, Nineteenth Ohio Regiment, was in battles, and was taken a prisoner of war at Chickamauga, and was kept in captivity at Andersouville for eighteen months, during which time he suf- fered untold hardships and privations; Jacob, who was a soldier in the One Hun- dred and Second Ohio Regiment, was taken a prisoner in Alabama, and was kept in captivity for six months, during which time he was treated very cruelly. His regi- ment was blown up on a boat near St. Louis about the close of the war. He died in 1877, leaving a family in Wayne county, Ohio, where he for many years followed the occupation of farming. Solomon, living in Wayne coimty, is a farmer and a man of family. Jeremiah was six years of age when taken to Ohio, and on a woodland farm in that State he grew to manhood. He received a fair education in the district schools but at the age of twenty-one he started out for himself and settled on a farm in Holmes county, where he was married to Mariah. daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Showalter) Longnecker, who were early settlers of that region. The father died at Mr. Haun's home in Elkhart county, his wife's death occurring in Owen county, Ind. They were about seventy-five years of age and he was a member of the Mennonite and she of the Dunkard Church. Their children were: Isaac, of Ohio; Sarah, married Jacob F. Lentz, and is deceased: Mariah; Rebecca, wife of F. Coppage, of Terre Haute, Ind. ; Leah is the deceased wife of William Stevic, of Ohio; Loviua is the wife of Eugene Doriot, of Fulton county, Ohio; Rhoda is the wife of F. M. Barnhart, of Clay county, Ind.; Adaline is the wife of Jacob F. Rohrer, of Elkhart county; Elizabeth died unmarried; Joseph died at two years of age; Amanda became the wife of George Leferer, of Elkhart county. The parents of these children became prominent residents of Ohio in 1836. They made a good property and reared a family that commanded the respect of all. He was a Republican in politics. Mrs. Haun was born in Fayette county, Penn., Feb- ruary 13, 1835, and was a child when the family settled in the woods of Ohio. She and Mr. Haun grew tip in the same neighborhood and attended the same school. In 1866 they came to Elkhart county, Ind., and as Mr. Haun had previously been very successful in business, he was enabled to purchase 161 acres of land in Olive town- ship, and this has since been his home. He and his wife are members of the Evan- gelical Church; he is one of its stewards and politically is a member of the Repub- lican party, which he has always enthusiastically supported. In 1868 he was elected trustee of Olive township, and held the position three successive terms. He has been very successful as a stock raiser, and as a tiller of the soil has been no less prosfier- ous for he brings to bear sound judgment and practical experience. To himself and wife have been born a good old-fashioned family of fourteen children: Mary, born Feb- 104 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHWAL ruary 13, 1S53, died December 17, 1854; Martha E., born September 16, 1854, is the ■wife of Allen Maiirer, of Marshall county, Ind., and has these children: Dora, Jeremiah, Daisy, Allen, Marvin; Joel (who died at the age of twelve); Clemen- tine (died at four years), and three died in infancy; Almira, born February 11, 1855, and died December 17, 1864; Isaac H. , born November 8, 1857, died December 22, 1864; Joel S., born March 6, 1859, died December 12, 1S64; Lorenzo K., born April 10, 1861, died April 10, 1878; Harrison R., bom April 30, 1863, died December 19, 1864: Joseph G., born November 26. 1864, is living in Olive township, married to Caroline Marker, by whom he has a daughter: Olga L., and two children who died in infancy; Pera E., born March 17, 1867, is the wife of Wayne F. Fichler, of Wakarusa, and is the mother of two children: Rub\- and Vernon J. ; Homer was born June 21, 1869, and died June 22, 1869; Adelpha, born April 7, 1872, is the wife of Euel K. Reinebold, of St. Joseph county, by whom she has one child: Volney G. ; John M. was born July 17, 1874; Pardon was born July 11, 1877. and died at the age of four months; and Luhi M. was born March 4, 1882. Five of their children died in- side of two weeks, in 1864, of diphtheria. Mr. and Mrs. Haun are among the best known citizens of their section of the country, and through their own industry are now enjoying their comfortable and pleasant home. Mr. Haun raises a high grade of draft horses and a fine breed of sheep. Chkistian Blocher has been a resident of Elkhart county, Ind., for the past twenty-seven years, but was born in Erie county, N. Y. , December 15, 1836, a son of Christian and Catherine (Beam) Blocher, the former of whom was of Lancas- ter county, Penn., born December 16, 1806, a son of John Blocher. who was a native of Switzerland and was brought to Lancaster county. Pa., when two years old, but later became a resident of Erie county, X. Y. , where he died at a ripe old age. His wife, who was a Miss Frick, died in Erie county also. They reared a family of eleven children: John, Jacob. Tisou, Christian, Peter, David, Martha, Susan, Sophia, Elizabeth and Polly, of whom Sophia is the only survivor. Chris- tian was reared on a farm in York State, there grew up and married and there paid the last debt of nature March 27, 1852. When a young man he had married Catherine Beam, a daughter of Christian Beam, of the same county in New York, but her birth occurred in the same county as that of her husband October 2, 1799, and died in Indiana with her son. Christian, on July 2, 1877. She was the mother of sis children: David, born July 27, 1831, and died in Erie county at the age of forty-six years; Peter was born Februaiy 1. 1S34, and died June 11, 1892, in Pennsylvania; Christian; John C, who was born July 18, 1839, and is a res- ident of Bloomingtou, HI. ; Catherine, born September 24, 1842, is the wife of Jacob Bessey. The father and mother were members of the Mennonite Church and polit- ically he was a Whig, and as a tiller of the soil succeeded in accumulating some property. In the public schools of New York State. Christian Blocher received a good business education, and owing to the death of his father, he began making his own way in the world at the age of fifteen years. He worked on different farms in Erie county until he was nineteen years of age, then went to Michigan and began devoting his attention to the lumber business. After remaining there a short time he began tilling the soil and continued it until the firing on Fort Sumter caused him to abandon his plow in order to fight his country's battles and the same year his name could be found on the rolls of Company G, Seventh Michigan Volun- teer Infanti-y, he being one of the first men to enlist in his country's service. He held the rank of corporal and was promoted to sergeant, a position he was filling at the time he quit the army three years later. He was with the Army of the Po- tomac and was at Fair Oaks, the second battle of Bull Bun, Antietam, where his regi- ment had 216 men wounded and thirty-nine killed. Mr. Blocher was wounded in both heels by a gunshot and was in the hospital for some time before he was able to re- join his regiment. He was also at Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and on May 6, 1864, was struck by a spent ball which knocked him down but did not MEMOIRS OF IXDIASA. 105 injure him. When his term of service had expired he received his discharge on the field, but after remaining at home about two months he returned to the sei-vice. When the war was over he returned to New York and was there married on June 18, 1865, to Susannah Martin, who was born in Erie county June G, 1837. She was a daughter of Abraham and Mariah (Herst) Martin, both of whom died in York State, the former having been born in Pennsylvania. After his marriage Mr. Blocher removed with his wife to Ohio, but came to Elkhart county, Ind., a few months later and after renting for some time purchased a farm of eighty- five acres which had been partly improved. He and his wife began devoting their energies to improving this land and it is now a well-improved and well-cultivated tract. His wife is a member of the Mennouite Church and he has always been an active Republican in politics. He has held the office of township supervisor for eight years and since 1886 has held the office of township trustee two terms. He is inter- ested in the much needed improvement of the public roads, and has always been a patron of the public schools. He raises nearly all the cereals on his farm, and stock- raising has received considerable attention at his hands. He and his family are highly regarded in their community and he is well known to the agriculturists of Elkhart county. He has a family of four children: Martin A., who was born July 22, 1866, is married to Maggie Winger, has one child, and is a farmer of Olive township; John M. , born- June 7, 1868, has been a school teacher for a number of years and has become quite prominent as an educator; Anna E. was born January 19, 1870, is married to J. W. Moyer, of Olive township, and Ida A., who was born February 14, 1872, is at home with her parents. jAiTES McM. SiiiTH, president of the South Beud & Mishawaka Railway, was born in Overton county, Teun., February 13. 1852. a son of Alexander A. and Jane (McMillan) Smith, who were born in Virginia and North Carolina respectively. The father followed the calling of a carpenter, and after his marriage, removed to Macoupin county, 111., where he engaged in farming until death called him from this life in 1866. His widow survives him and is residing in the Indian Territory with a son. She became the mother of seven children: Dr. H. B., of McAllister, I. T. ; Horace, agent for the Missouri, Kansas k, Texas Railroad, of McAllister, 1. T. ; Mrs. Elizabeth K.. Harrison: Mrs. Henrietta R. Boiling; Milton L., who is on the editorial staff of the New York World, Otto W.. agent of the Missiouri, Kansas & Texas Railroad at Gainesville, Tex., and James McM. The latter began learning telegraphy with the Chicago & Alton Railroad at the age of ten years and remained in the serrice of this road for five years, at the end of which time he became con- nected with the Pullman Palace Car Company, located in Chicago, as receiving cashier, and for twenty years remained thus connected. The last eight years he was the private secretary of George M. Pullman, and traveled with him over a great portion of the world. He resigned this position in 1888 and engaged in the iron manufacturing business in Chicago, making a speciality of rolling mill machinery, hammers and heavy forgings. In the spring of 1889 he sold his interest in this business and embarked in the street railway business, his first experience in this line being in Des Moines, Iowa. In that city two street car companies were very an- tagonistic to each other, but Mr. Smith succeeded in creating harmony between them and they were eventually consolidated. He bonded this new company for $600,000, after which he succeeded in establishing a number of other companies. In the fall of 18S9 he took up the South Bend street railway property, which was then a horse-car line owned by two companies. He succeeded in consolidating them, put in the electric system, and has since been its president. He is just now getting the road in good working order, and is rebuilding its lines with heavy "T" rails. This is being done under his own personal supervision, and as he is a thorough and practical business man. it will without doubt be a grand success. He has the deter- mination and push necessary for a successful business career and his future out- look is bright and promising. He was offered the presidency of one of the Chicago 106 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL elevated railways, but respectfully declined to accept the position. Mr. Smith never went to school a day in his life, his rudimentary education being obtained at Lome under his mother, and in every senseof the word he is a self-made man. He was married in 1877 to Miss Jennie Turner, of Chicago, and in that city now makes his home. Mr. Smith has a cousin, Benton McMillan, in Congress, who has won considerable distinction. He was educated by Mr. Smith's mother and like the latter has shown that he had excellent early training. The parents of Mr. Smith lived to a ripe old age and the maternal grandmother lived to the extreme old age of nearly one hundred years. Eleazer Fryman is a product of the county of Elkhart, lud., and is a descendant of one of the early pioneer farmers of the section. He was the second child and only son born to Samuel and Barbara (Hay) Fryman, the former of whom was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, about 1816. His early ancestors came to this country from Germany and settled in Pennsylvania, and later in Montgomery county, Ohio, where Samuel was reared. His early life was spent in a great mill with his father, who was a miller by trade, but later he learned the trade of a carpenter and also engaged in farming. In Ohio he was married to Miss Hay, a daughter of Valentine Hay, and at the end of two years moved by wagon through the woods to Indiana and located on a farm in Harrison township, Elkhart county, which is now owned by his only sou, the subject of this sketch. He bought laud to the extent of eighty acres, all of which was heavily timbered, but after some years, by hard work at his trade, and by clearing his farm at night, he soon had his farm in fair condition for agricultural purposes. He made his settlement in 1S42, and he and his good wife went through all the many privations of life on a frontier farm. He and his wife were lifelong members of the German Baptist Church, and although he was reared a Democrat, about 1850 he became a Republican and supported that party until his death in 1887, at the age of seventy-one years. He was one of nature's noblemen, and as a citizen was all that could be desired. He was a self-made man, won many friends by his correct mode of living, and upon his death left a nice property to his heirs. His worthy wife was born in Bedford county, Penn., in 1813, and died in Elkhart county in the spring of 1892. She had become the mother of four children by a first marriage to Jonas Miller: Henry. Hettie, Valentine and Elizabeth. The two last mentioned are deceased. Hettie is the wife of Valentine Berkey. Mrs. Fryman had emigrated to Indiana with her first husband and lived in St. Joseph county near South Bend. After the death of her husband she went back to Ohio, and there later married Mr. Fryman. Among the children born of her second mar- riage is Isabella, who was bom in October, 1S40, and is now the wife of Michael S. Weaver, of Concord township, by whom she has three children: Edward, Eleazer and Tacy, Eleazer Fryman was born September 1, 18-tS, on the farm where he now lives, and as soon as he became old enough began to assist his father and soon took almost entire charge of the place, and his father gave the most of his attention to his trade. Eleazer attended the district schools and spent one term in the Goshen High School, where he gained a practical education. He remained at home managing the farm until the death of his father, and in 1869 was married to Eliza- beth Steiner: who was born in Lebanon county, Penn., October 6, 1850, a daughter of Andrew Steiner and Henrietta (Vile) Steiner, the former of whom was also born in that county October 20, 1820, a son of Frederick and Elizabeth (Lesher) Steiner. Frederick Steiner was a native of Germany, came to this country with his parents when a child, and from him sprung the numerous people of that name in Pennsyl- vania. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. Andrew Steiner grew up and married in his native county, there reared his family, but died in Elkhart county, Ind., November 20, 1S91. having lived here two years with his daughter, Mrs. Fryman. He was a member of the I'nited Brethren Church, and was a Eepublican in politics. He was a stone-mason by trade, as was his father before him, and became a promi- nent contractor, being especially skilled as a bridge builder. He was very charitable, MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 107 ever lent a hand to the poor and needy, and was liberal in the use of his means in worthy causes. He was quite a Nimrod, took great delight in the sport, and every season spent some months in the Allegheny Mountains hunting deer and in fishing. His wife was a daughter of Henry Vile, and when quite young she was left an orphan and was reared by her grandmother Spangler. Her grandfather Spangler came from Holland, and tradition has it that he brought with him to this country a lx)x of gold. To Andrew Steiner and his wife nine children were bom, and the latter made a number of trips to the West to visit her children, who had settled in Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. She died in 1877, at fifty-two years of age, an earnest member of the United Brethren Church. She was a Christian in every sense of the word, and was always very kind to the sick and poor. Her children were as follows: John A., torn May 10, 1844, is living in Michigan, married to Eebecca "VVomer; Catherine A. is the wife of Dr. C. J. I. Murray, of Morris, 111. ; Isaac A. is married to Tacy Maul fair, and lives in Maryland; Caroline, who died in childhood; Eliza- beth H. (Mrs. Fryman j; Emma M. is the wife of Dell Toung, of Chicago; Marius W., a dentist of St. Joseph, Mo., is married to Lillie Grant, daughter of Judge Grant, of Grundy county. 111. : William, who is living in Maryland, was married to Sally Carminey, and after her death took for his second wife Sadie Sumerill: Mary, who is the wife of Adam Phranier, of San Francisco, Cal. ; Sadie, who died in infancy ; Charles, who died at the age of seven years, and Mindie M., who is now Mrs. Peter Chapman of Goshen, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Fryman were married in Lebanon county, Penn., in 1869, and soon after came to Elkhart county, Ind. They have two sons: Samuel A. born January 24, 1871, and is married to Alice Wagoman. daughter of Andrew and Catherine A. (Shoman) Wagoman. and is now living on a farm owned by his parents. He and his wife have one child, a daughter. Fern, who was born May 29, 1892. Samuel is a Eepublican, and is a wide-awake, pushing young man. The second child born to Mr. and Mrs. Fryman was Marius W., born October 14, 1889. They are members of the Progressive Church, and Mr. Fryman has always been a Republican. He has a good farm of 112 acres, and he and his wife are among the most popular residents of their section. Dr. JtTLiA D. GoDFBET, physiciau and surgeon, is a worthy example of this progressive age and of what can be accomplished by the "weaker sex,'' when op- portunity is afforded. She possesses those attributes necessary for a successful career as a practitioner of the "'healing art," for she is naturally kind hearted and sympathetic and has the happy faculty of inspiring hope and courage in those upon whom she is called to attend, while her native intelligence and thorough and prac- tical knowledge of her calling can not be denied. She was bom in Brown county, Ohio, in 1852, and comes of an excellent family, her parents being Abner Devore and Louise M. Gardner (mother's maiden name), who were also Ohioans, the former a successful tiller of the soil in the Buckeye State. He and his wife became the parents of six sons and one daughter. The maternal and paternal grandfathers were clergymen. Dr. Mrs. Godfrey received her initiatory training in the public schools and subsequently entered ITrsuline Convent, and from there became a student in the Lebanon State Normal School, but shortly after entering this institution her mother died, which prevented her from finishing her course, as she immediately re- turned home and began keeping house for her father. After teaching several terms of school she was united in marriage to Samuel Godfrey and after a lapse of a few years she took up the study of kindergarten methods, but did not put the knowledge thus gained into practical use. About this time she set her heart upon pursuing a medical career and with the energy which has ever characterized this wide-awake lady she began the earnest study of medicine and graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College, of Chicago in 1891. She then located in South Bend, where she has since made her home and where she has deservedly built up a very satisfactory practice, which fully occupies her time. She deserves much credit for the way in which she had surmounted the obstacles which have strewn her pathway in the 108 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL fields of science, and her career is a useful object lesson to others of her sex to "go and do likewise." She has made numerous friends and her future career is bright with promise. She is a member of the Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan Medical Associations, and makes it the aim and object of her existence to keep well informed of the progress made in her profession. Jeremiah Bechtel. A glance at the interesting genealogy of the Beehtel fam- ily shows that Jeremiah Bechtel comes of very j^rominent people, who have become noted in the annals of Elkhart county history, and who have, by their upright, straightforward course through life, kept their names unspotted and honored in the sight of God and man. Mr. Bechtel is at present a banker of AVakarusa and one of the most prominent citizens and business men of the place. He owes his nativity to Blair county, Penn., born September 30, 1S48, and was the fourth child born to Daniel and Sarah (Neterer) Bechtel (see sketch of Daniel Bechtel). When but a child our subject was taken by his parents to Elkhart county, Ind. , and there grew to manhood amid the rude pioneer surroundings of Harrison township. He at- tended the district school near his home and there laid the foundation for his sub- sequent prosperous career. When twenty-one years of age he emigrated westward and located in Clinton county, Mo., where he engaged in farming, but on account of sickness came home where he worked on a farm by the month for two years. Later he engaged in the lumber business and still later bought a farm in Union township on which he erected a saw mill. This he operated for about sixteen years in connection with farming and since 1877 has made his home on the farm in Union township, where he owns a fine tract of land. He was very successful as a farmer and mill man and in that way the foundation for his fortune was laid. Success fol- lowed him, he grew in wealth year by year, and is to-day one of the wealthiest men of the county. He is possessed of superior business ability, excellent judgment and his prosperity is due wholly to his energy and enterprise. Mr. Bechtel con- tinued the lumber business in connection with farming until the last few years and on September 15, 1890, he started what is known as the Exchange Bank of Wakarusa. He is recognized as one of the solid business men of the county, is an accomplished and polished gentleman, both by instinct and training, and a very pleasant acquaintance. Public spirited and progressive, he gives his hearty support to all enterprises worthy of mention. In his political views he is a strong advocate of the principles of the Eepublican party and has held a number of local positions, being county commissioner in 1888 and re-elected in 1890. The first time he was elected by a majority of 700 votes in the county. It is probable that Mr. Bechtel has given more attention to the roads than any man in the county, and his energy, industry and persevereuce in every enterprise he has undertaken, is an example worthy of imitation by humble youth. Mr. Bechtel selected as his life companion Miss Louisa McDowell, a native of Elkhart county, born November 14, 1851, in Harrison township, and the daughter of William and Elizabeth (Cart) McDowell (see sketch of William McDowell). Mrs. Bechtel was the eldest of five children born to her parents and was reared on her father's farm in Hamson township. She received a good education in the district school and then became a school teacher, following that profession for five terms in Elkhart county, and meeting with the best of success. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Bechtel resided on the farm in Union township, but in 1892 they bought a handsome residence in Wakarusa and make their home there at the present time. They have two children, Harvey S. , born December 5, 1882. and Ruth G., born November 29, 1891. Mr. Bechtel and wife have many acquaintances and are classed among the best citizens of the county. William McDowell. For many years this worthy gentleman was a resident of Harrison township, Elkhart Co., Ind., but is now a prominent citizen of Harvey county, Kan. He is a native of that grand old State. Virginia, born August 24, 1823, and his parents, James and Jane (Boyd) McDowell, were born on the green MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 109 isle of Erin. James McDowell was brought to this country by his parents when only about a year old, and a settlement was made in Greenbrier county, Va., where the Mc- Dowell family made their home for many generations. Some of the early members of the family participated in the revolutionary war, and were patriotic and honora- ble citizens. James and Jane McDowell reared a family of children, and when William was but eight years of age they emigrated by wagon to Elkhart county and settled in Harrison township, where they took up land and began making a home for themselves in the midst of the heavy timber. Many hardships and privations were experienced by this enterprising young couple, but they struggled with ad- versity and came out conquerors. Mrs. McDowell died in 1866, and her husband followed her to the grave in 1872. He was an old-line Whig in politics, and a Presbyterian in his religious views. His wife also held membership in that church, and they were highly esteemed and respected in the community, not only as pio- neer settlers, but as worthy and honorable citizens. From the age of eight years, William McDowell was reared on his father's farm in Harrison township, and at- tended the district schools of his day. After reaching man's estate he followed farming on the old home place and there remained until a few years ago, when he sold out and moved to Kansas. When twenty-five years of age he was married to Miss Elizabeth Alfard, a Virginia lady and daughter of Robert Alfard, who came from the Old Dominion to Elkhart county, Ind. , at an early day. To this union one child was born, but mother and child both died. A number of years later Mr. McDowell married Miss Elizabeth Cart, daughter of Conrad and Rebecca (Fen- ton) Cart, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. Cart came to this country at an early day and settled in Green- brier county, Va., where Elizabeth was born February 24, 1S30. She died in Elkhart county in 1868, leaving five children: Louisa, born November 14, 1851, and is now Mrs. Bechtel; M. A., born August 29, 1856, is the wife of Peter Bechtel, who now resides in Peabody, Marion Co., Kan.; Harriet A., born April 19, 1858. married George Moyer, of Peabody, Kan.; Harvey S., born March 10, 1862, died December 23, 1882, and Oliver E., born April 20, 1867, is liv- ing in Kansas. Mr. McDowell's third marriage was with Elizabeth Friend, daugh- ter of an old soldier who was killed in the civil war. Five children were the fruits of this union: Charles, born December 3, 1870; Frank, born December 21, 1872; Mary J., born January 11, 1875; Lottie P., born in 1884, and George, born in 1886. Mr. McDowell is a prominent man in Kansas, and previous to moving to that State was one of the representative citizens of Elkhart county, Ind. John Smeltzer. Among the early pioneers of Elkhart county and Olive town- ship, Ind., and who has attained to a vigorous old age, is John Smeltzer, who, many years ago, came to this section with his wife, and settled on the farm on which a por- tion of the town of Wakarusa is now situated. John Smeltzer was born in the State of Pennsylvania on March 26, 1823, his parents being Michael and Susan (Rhodes) Smeltzer, who were also Pennsylvania people, and were of substantial German stock, possessing the thrift and energy for which that race of people have always been noted. In the State of his birth John Smeltzer was reared, and being one of a family of nine children had to work hard in his younger days, and consequently received but little education. At an early date he emigrated to Richland county, Ohio, and for twenty-five years there successfully tilled the soil. He was married in the Buckeye State to Miss Leah Lechlighter, daughter of Anthony Lechlighter, and in 1848 removed with her to Indiana, and located on a woodland farm in Elk- hart county, where they passed through all the vicissitudes and hardships of pioneer life. They still reside on the farm on which they first settled, and have a good and comfortable home about one-half mile east of Wakamsa. At an early day he started a saw-mill, and followed that business with good financial results for a long period. It was conducted under the firm name of John Smeltzer & Co., and later as John Smeltzer & Sons, but is at present known as the Wakarusa Lumber Company 110 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL and is still doing a paying business. The stockholders are F. Trisinger (Mr. Smeltzer's son-inlaw) and Anthony and Henry J. Smeltzer and John Smeltzer, also the substantial citizen, Jacob H. Dell. All are shrewd and practical business men, and are running their saw and plauing-mill in a very creditable and satis- factory manner. Mr. Smeltzer may be said to be a pioneer in the lumber business, and as a citizen has always been public spirited, enterprising and industrious, and as a natural result has accumulated a fair share of this world's goods. He and his wife are highly regarded by all who know them, and for many years have been in close communion with the Reformed Lutheran Church. Of eleven children born to them ten are living: Susan, Henry, Anthony, Michael, Catherine, Joseph, Libbie, Daniel, Simon, John and Mary. These children are all in good circumstances and are an honor to the parents who reared them. For many years John Smeltzer has been retired from the active affairs of business life, his sons having taken the burden of the mill off his shoulders. Anthony Smeltzer, the third of their children, and now a member of the Wakarusa Lumber Company, was born in Harrison township, Elkhart county, Ind. , June 7, 1850, and was reared on the old home farm near Wakarusa, where he was early taught to till the soil and to learn the duties neces- sary for the proper conduct of a farm. He obtained his rudimentary knowledge in the district schools and in the town of Wakarusa, but at the age of twenty years gave up farming to enter the saw-mill at Wakarusa, since which time his attention has been devoted to this work. For some time he also conducted a threshing- machine, and in a business way has been more than ordinarily successful, for he has a shrewd and practical mind, is quick to grasp at opportunities for bettering his financial condition, and has always been scrupulousl)- honorable in his dealings with his patrons, never putting in practice sharp or doubtful methods, as so many do, in order to further his own interests. He has been familiar with saw-milling since 1869, and in 1875 was made a partner in the business, after which the firm was known as John Smeltzer & Sou. In 1880 Anthony was married to Miss Huma Helwig, who was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, November 4, 185-1. Her parents, Caspar and Martha (Eckhart) Helwig, were of German descent, and the father is still a resident of Ohio, but the mother was called from this life in September, 1892. Mrs. Smeltzer was one of a family of eight children. She was married to Mr. Smeltzer in 1880, and immediately began keeping house in Wakarusa, where they have a very pleasant and comfortable home. They are members of the Christian Church, and Mr. Smeltzer now supports the People's party, although in the past he was a Repulilican. He leans to some extent toward the Prohibition party, for in every respect in his mode of living he is very temperate. He has held positions of trust and honor in Olive township, and at all times has shown himself to be very public spirited and interested in the improvements of the county. He and his wife have many friends, and are among the substantial and honored residents of Waka- rusa. Henry J. Smeltzer is the second child born to his parents, and passed his youth very much as his brother did. In Richland county, Ohio, he first saw the light of day, May 18, 18-18, and was an infant when his parents made the trip in wagons to Elkhart county, Ind. Henry has resided in the vicinity of Wakarusa since the year of his birth, and during this time the citizens thereat have had every opportunity to judge of his character and business qualifications, and naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor. Owing to the newness of the country and the scarcity of good schools, he only attended a few months each year, his youthful days being spent hard at work on the farm, the most of which he had to do, as he was the eldest son. This rough but practical school developed his intellect and resources at an early day, and his energies were expended on the farm until he was nineteen years of age, when he commenced making his own way in the world. For some time he worked by the day at the carpenter's trade, then followed saw-milling for some time, and later entered the saw-mill business with his father, and since that time has been an active and useful member of the firm of Smeltzer & Sons and MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. Ill the Wakarusa Lumber Company. He has made a success of his business life, and his natural business ability has been strengthened and broadened by experience. He has always been honest, straightforward and industrious, and as a result is suc- cessful. He has always supported the Republican party and is a public-spirited man. In September, 1867, when only nineteen years of age, he was married to Miss Barbara A. Ipe, a native of Ohio, a daughter of Washington Ipe, an early pioneer, who is still living in Union township, Elkhart county. Mrs. Smeltzer was born on April 8, 1849, and became a resident of this county when ten years of age. The fol- lowing children have been borne to her union with Mr. Smeltzer; Susan, is the wife of Jacob Walker, of Wakarusa, and is the mother of one child — Ralphus; William A. ; Charles E. , who is married to Carrie ; Hattie, who is the wife of Eli Weise, of Locke township; Cora; Carrie; Libbie; Agnes and Mary I. John H. is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Smeltzer are members of the United Brethren Church, of which they are worthy communicants, and have a substantial and comfortable home in the town. Like the other members of the family Mr. Smeltzer is public spirited, and has always manifested much interest in the development of churches and schools. He is a self-made man in all that the word implies, and one of which his family may well be proud. Oliver P. Wislek is the eldest child of Isaac Wisler, of whom extended mention is made elsewhere in this volume. That he has inherited many of the most worthy qualities of his people is acknowledged and his numerous friends testify to his honesty, kindheartedness and energj'. He was born on the farm owned by his father in Locke township, near the town of Locke, on the 13th of November, 1859, and while growing up attended the schools of Locke, where he laid the foundation of a practical education, later finishing his scholastic knowledge in the public schools of Syracuse, Ind. On his father's farm he learned lessons of industry and honesty and while attending school acquired a decided taste for books; which qualities admir- ably fitted him for the calling of a pedagogue, the duties of which he took upon his shoulders at the youthful age of seventeen. During the two terms that he fol- lowed this calling he was quite successful but gave it up to follow other pursuits. Many of his youthful days were spent in the wooden-ware factory belonging to his father, but in later life he became the owner and manager of a threshing machine, which he conducted for about seven seasons, and at the same time followed farming and bought and sold timber. In the management of these enterprises he showed that he possessed fine business qualifications, for his efforts met with abundant re- ward. Since he attained his twenty-second year he has farmed for himself, and since 1889 has resided on a farm of sixty acres in Locke township, of which he is the owner. He has dealt iu lumber and timber for many years, has a superior knowledge of the business, and as he has been strictly honoraljle in all his dealings he is deservedly successful. He is at present engaged as assistant superintendent for " The Perley Lumber Company, " of South Bend, Ind. In his youth he learned the art of boiler making of his father, and for some time followed this occupation in South Bend. He has made a success of his life and it may with truth be said of him that he is a self-made man. He has always supported the principles of the Republican party, and like all the members of his family, is a public-spirited citizen. On the 20th of September, 1884, he was united in marriage to Elzina Blily, an adopted daughter of Louis and Sarah Blily. She was born September 16, 1867 in Locke township, and from her marriage up to 1889 resided on the farm of Isaac Wisler, at which time her husband purchased their present farm. They have four children: Lester O., who was born August 13, 1885; Harry Otis, born December 6, 1886; Charles M., born June 7, 1888, and Glenn, born October 23, 1889. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler have many friends with whom they are deservedly popular. Alexander Wilhelm. The learned professions have many disciples who aspire to honor and dignity in their chosen fields and all with greater or less reason to ex- pect their efforts to be crowned with success. He of whom we have the pleasure of 113 PWrOIilAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL attempting a short biographical sketch is one of the many to woo the tickle goddess of fortune before the bench and bar. Nor does he aspire without cause, for nature has gifted hiui generously with those qualities that make themselves felt in the legal profession. Mr. Wilhelm was born in La Porte, Ind., November IS, 1S61, a sou of John and Emily (De La Barre) Wilhelm, both of whom were born in Germany, the family being of French, as well as German descent and of old Eevolutiouary stock. The mother's grandfather fled from France and settled near Berlin, Prussia, in which country the grandmother is still living at an advanced age. In 1S4S John Wil- helm became an emigrant to the United States and although he first settled and resided in La Porte for some time, he is now a successful business man of Bremen, Ind. He is a tailor by trade. Of the sis children born to himself and wife, live are now liviug, three sous and two daughters, of whom the suViject of this sketch is the eldest son. Until five years of age he resided in La Porte, from which time until he attained his majority he was a resident of Stark county, Ind., and lived on a farm. When quite j'oung he began making his own way in the world andat various times he attended the country schools and secm-ed a fair education, which he further improved by con- siderable self-application. In 1ST9 he began school teaching, to which occupation he devoted his attention iintil 1SS5, h\ which means he secured sutficient money to enable him to take a mixed course in the Indiana University at Valparaiso. lu the spring of 1SS6 he entered the law office of Mr. Hubbard under whom he read law for some time, being admitted to the bar in 1SS7, after which he went to Horton, Kan., and hung out his shingle, but soon discovered that this was not a desirable location and in 1S90 returned to South Bend, of which place he has since been one of the leading practitioners, owing to his steady devotion to duty and the constant exercise of energy and judgment. His reputation is not bounded by the arbitrary limits of the county, bnt he is already becoming known in surrounding counties, and bids fair to acquire an enviable reputation as a legal practitioner. Politically he is a Democrat and socially is a member of the K. of P. and the K. O. T. M. October 30, ISST, he led to Hymen's altar Miss Luella M. Goodrich, of South Bend, and to them two interesting children have been given: Helen B. aud Halford Y. Peter Fink is one of the mo.-t prominent farmers of Elkhart county, Ind., and there is no one who more fully illustrates in his career the unbounded energy and activity of the agriculturists of his section than does he. He was born in Lan- caster county, Penu., September 29, 1832, the oldest but one of eight children born to Emanuel and Lydia (Madlern) Fink, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, a son of Philip Fink, who was of German descent. Emanuel Fink first removed to Ohio and in 1842 came to this country aud settled on an eighty- acre tract of land in Olive township, and resided on two different farms there until his death which occurred in 1880. He was born in 1803; came by wagon to this sec- tion, at which time he was in straitened circumstances, but by following the plow and working at the carpenter's trade and in this manner succeeded in rearing his large family in comfort and accumulating a comfortable competency. In politics he was a Democrat, and held a number of offices in his township. His wife died in this county in 1892, at the age of eighty-four years, a member of the Lutheran Church. She became the mother of nine children, the following of whom reached mature years: Samuel, Peter, Leah, Lydia, Elizabeth, Fianna, William aud Nancy, all living in Elkhart county, bnt Fianna. who died several years ago. Peter Fink has been a resident of Elkhart county since he attained his tenth year, and in the schools of Ohio and those of this connty he obtained his education. Until he was twenty-one years of age he made his parents' house his home, at which time he was married to Mary Clause, daughter of John and Susanna (Snyder) Clause, both of whom were born iu Berks county, Penn. Mr. Clause was one of the early inhabit- ants of Harrison township, but died in Locke township in 1878. He was the father of ten children: Sarah, Caroline, Elizabeth, Daniel, Benjamin. Diana, Thillman, Susanna, Mary, Levina, seven of whom are are living. When the parents of these ME3I0IRS OF INDIAN A. 113 children came to this region they were fortunate enough to possess some means by which they purchased eighty acres of woodland. They attended the Lutheran Church. Mr. Clause was a Democrat and was one of the substantial men of his section. Mrs. Fink was born in Medina county, Ohio, April, 1837, and was ten years of age when brought to Elkhart county. After Mr. Fink's marriage he settled on a woodland farm in Locke township, which he set to work to clear and on this farm he made his home until 1862, when he enlisted in Company I, Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry with which he served until the war terminated, participa- ting in the engagements at Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, the Atlanta campaign, the battle of Jonesboro and in numerous skirmishes. He was in the hospital during the winter of 1862-3. The gun which he held in his hand was shot to pieces in the first day's battle of Chickamauga, and he also found some shot in the haversack which be carried at his side, but was himself uninjured. He was always found at the post of duty and he was recognized as a true, tried and faithful soldier. His army career terminated at Washington, D. C, in 1865, and he returned to his farm in Locke township and once more took upon himself the duties of civil life. Since 1866 he has been a resident of the farm he now occupies. He is a member of the G. A. K. of Wakarusa, and also belongs to the Masonic fraternity of the same place. Ho is a public-spirited man and has alwaj's helped to advance the interests of his section. He has one of the best improved farms of his section and gives con- siderable of his attention to tilling the soil. He and his estimable wife have reared a family of nine children: Henry A., born December 26, 1854, is living in South Bend; Sarah A., born December 18, 1856 is the wife of John Eiddle, living in Seneca county, Ohio; Reuben, born February 4, 1859, married, is a druggist of South Bend; Alcetta, born July 30, 1861, is the wife of Elliott Crull; Emanuel, born April 2, 1866, is a teacher near South Bend; John, born October 6, 1869, is a drug- gist of South Bend; Frankie was born July 17, 1875; Charles was born December 11, 1878, and Mabel was bom August 27, 1882. The last three are at home. This is one of the finest families of the county, each and every member of which tries to live useful and correct lives, and judging by the numerous friends they have gath- ered about them the)' are without doubt succeeding. William Mack, cashier of Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, of South Bend, Ind. , is greatly esteemed throughout the city for his conspicuous ability, honorable business methods and geniality, and is considered a useful and trusted man by his employers. He was born in Hanover, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., October 9, 1828, a son of John and Clarissa W. (Hanford) Mack, natives of New Hampshire, and Connecticut respectively, of Scotch-Irish and English origin. The Macks were among the early settlers of the New England States, and early members of the fam- ily were distinguished participants in the war for independence. The father and grandfather were farmers and early settlers of Chautauqua couuty, N. Y., but the former was also a lumberman and ilid cousideraljle business as interpreter for the Government among the Indians. He died in South Bend in 1877, having come to this place in the fall of 18-14. He followed different callings, and for some years was secretary for Alexis Coquillard, and assisted him in the removal of the Potta- watomie Indians from this section. He was Mr. Coquillard' s secretary when the latter laid out the town of Lowell, now part of South Bend. His wife bore him three sons and one daughter that grew to maturity: John, Walter, William and Helen, and his second wife bore him two children, one of whom is living. James L., of St. Louis. William Mack remained in the State of his birth until about sixteen years of age, then came to South Bend and at once began learning the mason's trade which he followed as his chief means of livelihood until 1865, at which time he became book-keeper and cashier for Studebaker Bros., and has filled the last named position with ability ever since. He has almost grown up with this immense manufacturing establishment and has held one of the most important positions sub- ject to the bestowal of the proprietors. His executive ability and intelligent views 114 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL on all matters of importance have been recognized and be has served as a member of the city council and as water-works trustee and many years ago was trustee of the village of South Bend. He received his early schooling in the rural dis- tricts of New York and in the Fredonia (New York) Academy, but his practical knowledge was obtained in the hard but useful school of experience. He is a cour- teous and obliging gentleman, always takes pleasure in assisting others and in all his business relations he is punctual, reliable and merits the confidence rejMsed in him. He has attained to the commandery in the A. F. & A. M., and he and his wife, whom he married in 1852, and whose maiden name was Laurette Thurber, are members in good standing in the Baptist Church. Mrs. Mack was born on Penn- sylvania soil and came to LaPorte county, Ind., in her youth. She bore her hus- band two sons: Walter E.,of Cleveland, Ohio, and William H., of the A. C. Staley Manufacturing Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer. David Rodibaugh, who for sixty-one years has been a resident of Jackson town- ship, Elkhart Co., Ind. , was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, on January 18, 1819, a son of David and Saloma (Rodibaugh) Rodibaugh, the former of whom was born in Westmoreland county, Penn. , a son of John Rodibaugh, who was of German extraction, and died in the Keystone State. David Rodibaugh, father of the subject of this sketch, grew to manhood in his native State, and in 1812 moved to Ohio and became the owner of a tract of Government land. Owing to the fact that he lived on the frontier, he was not a soldier of the war of 1812, for his serv- ices were required to protect the homes of the early settlers. He cleared his farm from timber and sold it in 1831 and here, also, settled on a tract of Government land in Jackson township, Elkhart county. On this farm he resided until his death which occurred on December 4, 18-14. He was a man devoted to his business, paid strict attention to clearing his farms, and being hard-working, honest and upright, he became possessed of considerable means. He experienced many hardships in his frontier career, but prospered through it all, was a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was devoted to Christian work. His many years of hard labor provided each of his seven children with homes after his death, and gave them comforts throughout his life. He held official positions of trust in his towaship, was interested in all enterprises tending to improve the section in which he lived, and his death, which occurred in his fifty-seventh year, was greatly deplored. His wife was born in the same county in Pennsylvania as he himself was, and died in Indiana in 1869. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was a woman of true Christian spirit. She became the mother of thirteen children, but only reared seven: Adam, Leah, Samuel, Lavina, David, Susan, who is Mrs. Row- ell, of Goshen; John, Lyda, Isaac, Mary A., Catherine, Abner, Eliza, who is Mrs. Butler, of Jackson township. David, Mrs. Eowell and Mrs. Butler are the only members of the family that are now living. The subject of this sketch has been a resident of Elkhart county since he was twelve years of age, and accordingly became familiar with pioneer life in Ohio and Indiana. He attended the subscrip- tion schools which were in vogue in his day, in which he acquired a rudimentary knowledge of the three R's. He remained with his father until twenty-four years of age, then took up the battle of life for himself, and on November 17, 1842, was united in marriage to Martha J. Shaw, who was born in Virginia, July 26, 1823, and who was a daughter of one of the old pioneer settlers of Elkhart county. To them four children were born: the first an infant son, born and died September 6, 1843; Albert W., was born April 1, 1845, and died September 13, 1S47; Elmira, born August 19, 1847, and died October 14, 1872; Lorenzo D., born October 13, 1850, is now the owner of a woolen and saw-mill at Baiuter, Jackson township. The mother of these children died June 16, 1852, and on January 1, 1856, Mr. Kodi- baugh took Rebecca Baringer for his second wife, her birth having occurred in Pennsylvania March 4, 1829, a daughter of David Baringer, who came to Elkhart county, Ind., during the early history of this section. To the second marriage a MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 115 family of nine children were born, as follows: David D., born April 11, 1856, is living at New Paris; Sylvester D., born November 3, 1857, and died May 2, 1881; Andrew J., born May 29. 1859, is married and is residing near the old home; Rebecca J., was born May 20, i860, and is the wife of Ira Miller, of Jack- son township; Liiciuda, was born November 3. 1861. and is the wife of Jacob M'yland; Oliver P. M. . was born October 13, 1863. and died October 7, 1865; Su- sanna, was born April 20, 1865, and died October 15, 1865; Lovina, was born Decem- ber 31, 1866, and Emma A., born March 8, 1868, is married to Charles Wyland, of Jackson township. The Bariugers were among the early settlers of the county and the mother of Mrs. Rodibaugh is still a resident of Jackson township and has passed the eighty-fifth milestone of life. Mr. Rodibaugh started to farming after his first marriage, is now the owner of a large tract of laud and is one of the most responsible men of his township. He has been a Republican in polities, but is now a member of the People's party. He has not been particularly active in the polit- ical arena, but has held a number of township oflices with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of all concerned. Although he started out to fight life's bat- tles with little means, he has been eminently successful and has each of his chil- dren a farm valued at from 310,000 to §12,000, but in the accumulation of his means he has been generous in assisting worthy causes, being especially liljeral to schools and churches. Farming and stockraising have been his principal callings throughout life, and the success which has followed him in these lines is an example to others to "go and do likewise. '' H. D. Johnson is the general superintendent of the immense wagon and carriage manufacturing establishment of South Bend, Ind. , and also of the Chicago & South Bend Railroad. To the duties of these offices he brings the special qualifica- tions of a wide range of practical experience, sound judgment and thoroughly prac- tical knowledge. He was bom September 8, 1859, in Monroe, Mich., and was the second son of C. G. Johnson, a native of the Wolverine State, and Abbie Cobb John- son, of the State of New York. His rare qualifications for handling large interests ably were mainly inherited from his father, who for eighteen years was cashier of the First National jiank of Monroe, and the owner of two flouring mills and one woolen mill at the same place. He was for years chairman of the Michigan State Board for the Deaf, Dumb and Blind. An intelligent, pushing man of affairs, he faithfully, carefully and efficiently discharged the duties of every position he held, and is now one of the wealth}' retired citizens of Monroe. Mr. Johnson was reared in Monroe, graduated from the high school of that place, after which he entered Lake Forest Academy, where he remained for two years, and subsequently pursued his studies for two more years at Beloit College. His school life over, he returned to Monroe, where he learned the miller's trade and was presented with one of his fa- ther's steam flouring mills, which he conducted in a successful manner for several years. On March 4, 1882, Mr. Johnson came to South Bend, and entered as an apprentice in the wagon department of Studebaker Brothers Manufacturing Company. Later he purchased an interest in the company, and held successively the positions of assistant superintendent, assistant manager and finally general superintendent, working his own way up to the latter position, which he now occu- pies. He has proved to be the right man in the right place, and under his able supervision the work of these mammoth factories moves along with clock-work pre- cision. Possessing a naturally keen and discerning mind, he has fine business at- tainments and is decidedly practical. In September, 1881, he was married to the daughter of Mr. J. M. Studebaker, vice-president of the company. To them three children have been born. Mr. Johnson is one of the originators of the South Bend & Chicago Railroad, of which he was made general superintendent upon its organiza- tion. He is also a member of the National Union of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and an associate member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Being interested in St. Bernard dogs, he is president of the South Bend Kennel Club, and one of the board of governors of the American St. Bernard Club. 116 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Lorenzo D. Rodibaugh. Among the wide-awake business men of Elkhart county, Ind. , it is safe to say that none enjoys a larger measure of success and public con- fidence than Mr. Rodibaugh, whose business is as prosperous, in proportion to the cajiital invested, as that of any other in the county. He was born in the county in which he now resides October 13, 1850, to David and Martha Jane (Shaw) Rodi- baugh, a sketch of whom is given in this volume. Lorenzo D. was reared on the farm on which his father is still residing, and the district schools in the vicinity of his home afforded him a practical education, although he was compelled to assist his father on the farm at an early age. In 1873 he began an independent career, for which he was better iitted than the average young man, for besides possess- ing sound intelligence he was very practical and far-seeing and in his youth had been drilled in the thorough, if rather hard, school. The first wages of his own which he earned was in his father's extensive woolen mills, and there he remained three years, obtaining a practical insight into the details of the business. This mill was the first to be erected in the county and did quite an extensive carding business, which became very much reduced during the war. The mill was then purchased bj- another j^arty, who greatly improved it in every way and operated it with success for about twelve years. However, in 1872, he sold it to Clark & Rodibaugh, and by them it was conducted in a very successful manner until 1877, when Lorenzo D. Rodibaugh bought the interest of Mr. Clark and the firm from 1877 to 1888 was known as Rodibaugh & Son. In the last mentioned year Lorenzo D. Rodibaugh became the sole proprietor of the business and has conducted it in such a successful manner that it has become one of the leading establishments of the county and is a great credit to the good judgment and intelligence of the proprietor and manager. Mr. Rodibaugh sold his flouring mill to Thomas Clayton, it being the oldest mill in northern Indiana. Mr. Rodibaugh has what is called a two-sets woolen mills and eleven looms. His establishment gives employment to eighteen hands; and tine blankets, flannel and skirtings of a high grade are turned out in large quantities. In dimensions the mill is -10x90 feet, a substantial frame building, and the dye house is 30x40 feet. The mill is finely fitted up with the latest improved machinery that it is possible to get for the successful conduct of the business. They turn out some of the finest work that is done in the country and there is a large demand for the product of these mills. Everything is thoroughly inspected before leaving the mills, and it is hardly necessary to say that Mr. Rodibaugh in all cases uses the very best material he can buy. Under the able management of its present proprie- tor the business has experienced a prosperous and reassuring growth and is looked upon as one of the best conducted and most reliable of its kind in the country. For some time past Mr. Rodibaugh has also been interested in the lumber business and has a well-equipped saw mill which has a capacity of 8,000 feet per day. He makes a specialty of manufacturing hardwood, especially oak, and in this establish- ment five or six men are employed. Both plants are supplied with water power fi'om the Elkhart River. Politically Mr. Rodibaugh has always been a Republican up to withiu a few years when he began supporting the Democratic party. He is a public-spirited and enterprising man of affairs; is an acquisition to the county, and is deservedly a worthy and esteemed citizen. In 1871 he was married to Miss Alice Lower, who was born in Elkhart township, September 13, 1855, a daughter of Daniel and Lydia Lower. Mr. and Mrs. Rodibaugh have four children: Melven M., born September 26, 1874; Clara M., born March 17, 1877; Myrtle M., born May 2, 1881; Lawrence, born April 21, 1883; and have a pretty and comfortable home in a fine portion of the town. They are popular and well liked and move in the highest social circles of the section in which they reside. Mr. Rodibaugh is a self-made man and one whose good name has remained untarnished. E. B. RcssELL, secretary of the Indiana Traveling Men's Accident Association of South Bend, Ind., is a native of Genesee county. Mich., his birth occurring at Mt. Morris, July 10, 1859, but in the beautiful city of Detroit he was principally reared. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 117 His father, J. B. Russell, was a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is uow superannuated and a resident of Scotts, Mich. He was born in Niagara county, N. Y. , and for over thirty years was an active laborer of his church, and for a number of years a prominent member of the Detroit conference. He was married to Miss Margaret J. Ferrill, and to them were given two children: E. B. and Carrie, the former of whom was educated iu the State Normal School of Ypsilanti, Mich., which institution he left a short time before graduating. He then went on the road for Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., as their Michigan representative, and after hold- ing this position for three 3'ears, he entered the employ of the Detroit Evening Journal, of which he was superintendent of circulation and acting business manager for four years, resigning this position to take the western ofifice of the Chicago Daily News, located at Cedar Rapids, Iowa. He remained thus employed for five years, or until July, 1892, when he resigned to engage in his present work, and since that time has been one of the progressive and prominent business men of South Bend. He organized the Indiana Traveling Men's Accident Association July 23, 1892, of which substantial organization the following oificers were elected: Albert Listen- berger, president; Leighton Pine, vice-president; M. B. Staley, treasurer; E. B. Russell, secretary; H. T. Montgomery, surgeon. Board of Directors: C. B. Stephenson, chairman; H. G. Miller, Cary Owen, A. H. Stephenson. J. C. Birdsell, Jr. , Albert Listenberger, Thad. S. Taylor, E. B. Russell, C. B. Hibberd, George H. Hummell. Vice-presidents: A. A. Holcomb, Kansas; William A. Meyer, Iowa; C. A. Prior, Michigan; J. W. Raynor, Ontario; B. F. Hevener, Pennsylvania; E. R. Lightcap, Illinois; R. J. Wollett, Indiana; E. T. Wilson, Nebraska; J. G. Stankey, Oklahoma Territory; Mont. Tillotson, New York; H. B. Watterman, Indiana; H. A. Rounds, Maine; T. J. Swan, Wyoming; E. J. Richardson, Washing- ton, D. C. ; E. J. Ruggles, Massachusetts; G. Comstock, Texas; N. J. Rice, Missouri; C. A. Gould, Kentucky; D. J. Caine, Ohio; C. W. Beall, Minnesota. The member- ship at this writing is over 5,000. Mr. Russell has taken great pains and much interest in forming this association, and under his most capable supervision it has had the most rapid growth of any similar association ever organized in the world during a corresponding period. The association is for the benefit of traveling men only, and is not, as its name would imply, a local organization, but has members in every State and Territory in the Union, and even foreign countries are contributing to its membership. It is believed that this association will be one of the largest of its character in the world, and as it takes only the most preferred risks known to accident insurance companies, it is believed that the cost to the members will never exceed S5 per annum, for §5,000 accident insurance. In event of death by accident the association pays the beneficiary §5,000. In event of temporary disability, the insured receives §25 per week, not exceeding tifty-two weeks. For loss of both arms, both legs or both eyes by accident, the insured receives §5,000; for one hand or one foot he receives §1,250, and if disabled for a period of two years or over he is considered permanently disabled, and receives §2,500. This association has been of great value to the city of South Bend, and will continue to be so, through the advertising that the city will receive by virtue of the home office being permanently located here. Mr. Russell deserves much credit for this enterprise, and is a deservedlj' popular man in South Bend. Daniel Lower. During the forty odd years that this gentleman has been a res- ident of Elkhart county, Ind., he has thoroughly identified himself with every in- terest of the same, and has been very public-spirited and progressive. He was born in Berks county, Penn., April 24, 1825, the eldest but one of eight children born to John and Mary (Mullen) Lower, the former of whom was also a product of Berks county, where he was born in 1801. His parents. Christian and Christina Lower, were descended from early settlers of this section. Christian's father, who bore the same name as himself, having been born in Germany. He came to this country long before the opening of the Revolution, and upon his farm in Berks 118 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL county, a fort was erected during that war which stood for many years. When the subject of this sketch was nine years of age this fort was still standing and he well remembers the construction of the building. It was also used in early days as a protection from the Indians. The great-grandfather, Christian Lower, reared three sons: Christian, John and Benjamin, but John died when young and only the other two reached mature years. The eldest of these. Christian, became a large land holder and prominent in the pioneer life of Pennsylvania. Benjamin was a soldier in the war of 1812 and was captain of a company. Both Christian, Sr. , and Chris- tian, Jr., died on the old home farm in Pennsylvania, the latter becoming the father of three sons: Christian, John and Daniel. He died in the harvest field from drinking cold water when overheated. Each of his children married and reared familes of their own. The older members of the family were Tories and Democrats. John Lower grew to manhood in Pennsylvania, married there Mary Miller and in the old fort on his grandfather's farm his two eldest children were born. His wife's parents were Solomon and Mary Miller, native Germans, who early became residents of Berks county, Penn. Mrs. Lower was born in 1803, and with her husband removed to Ohio and until 1854 was a resident of Stark county, Ohio, then came to Elkhart county, lud. , and settled near Goshen. The father died there in 1859 and the mother in 1876, both being earnest members of the church at the time of their death. The father was a Democrat throughout life. The children reared by this worthy couple were as follows: William, who died in 1872, was a farmer of this county; Daniel; John is a man of family and is residing in Elkhart county; Leah died in 1880; Evaline was married to Andrew Youst, of Jefferson township; Eliza is the wife of Henry Khodes, of Harrison township; Laviua is the wife of Isaac Kile, of Harrison township. The family came from Ohio to Indiana by wagon and here became identified as the leading citizens of their adopted county. Daniel Lower attended the subscription schools of his day and was reared by his worthy parents to be honest and industrious. In 1817 he was married in Ohio to Lydia Snyder, who was born in Stark county, Ohio, May 31, 1828, a daughter of George A. and Lydia (Bear) Snyder, the former of whom was born in Maryland, a son of George and Rebecca (Young) Snyder, and became one of the first residents of Ohio. Lydia Bear was a daughter of Samuel and Catherine (Devalo) Bear, who also removed from Maryland to Stark county, Ohio. The parents of Mrs. Lower were married in Stark county, Ohio, and in due course of time became the parents of eight children: Catherine the wife of Jacob Schuman, of Elkhart county; Mi- chael who is a farmer of Marshall county, Ind. ; Lydia (Mrs. Lower), Mary, who became the wife of Henry Shirk, of Elkhart township; William, who is residing in Stark county, Ohio; Josiah, whose home is in Elkhart county; John, who is living in Stark county. Ohio, and Edward, who lives in Marshall county, Ind. The father and mother of these children died in Goshen in 1882 and" 1891 respectively, having been residents of this county from 1864. They were members of the Lutheran Church, and the father was a farmer and a Democrat politically. All their children attained mature years. Mrs. Lower was reared on the old homestead in Stark county, but for many years has been a resident of Elkhart county and until 1882 resided on a farm, but since that time has lived at 517 South Main street, Goshen. Although Mr. Lower met with many hardships in early life he has been successful, all of which is owing to his own determination and push. Polit- ically he is a Democrat, and has held the office of township trustee for four years. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church and in this faith have reared their children, whose names are as follows: Edward, who was born October 15, 1848, is a carpenter of Goshen, is married and has a family; Daniel S., who was born April 18, 1850, is a cabinet-maker of Goshen, is married and has no children; Christina was born September 12, 1852, is the widow of John Evans, and has three children; Lydia A. was born August 28, 1854, and is the wife of L. D. Eodibaugh; Mary J., born December 13, 1856, is the wife of Perry Miller, of MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 119 Elkhart township and has three children; Frances, born June 19, 1858, is the wife of Jeremiah Holsmyer and has two children; George, born September 28, 1864, is married to Addie Alasander, and is a hardwood finisher of Goshen, and Minnie, who was born August 17, 1867, is the wife of Ralph Higy, a machinist of Goshen. Mr. Lower is in good circumstances and owns a good farm of 143 acres in Elkhart township, and the fine residence property on which he lives in Goshen. B. F. Waldorf, es-county surveyor of St. Joseph county, Ind. , was born in Morrow county, Ohio, March 25, 1852, a son of Samuel D. and Maria (Coleman) Waldorf, who were born in New Jersey and Pennsylvania respectively. The pater- nal grandfather, Philip Waldorf, was a German by birth and when about six years of age was brought to this country and in the State of New Jersey spent the re- mainder of his days, from which State he enlisted in the war of 1812. He was a farmer by occupation. Samuel D. Waldorf, his son, was also a farmer and in an early day removed to Ohio, where he was married and resided until 1858, when he made a home for himself and family on a farm in St. Joseph county, lud. He was twice married, his first wife being a Miss Hopkins, by whom he had one son and two daughters: James, who served in the Second Minnesota Regiment during the war; Mary and Sarah, both of whom are deceased. The mother of these children was of Scotch descent. After a twenty years' residence in Center township he re- moved to South Bend, where he, in process of time, was called from this life, in 1884. His widow survived him five years, having borne him eight children, of whom four sons survive: C. S., B. F., J. M. and J. D. The subject of this sketch was reared in this county, and obtained a good education in the county and city schools. He was an ambitious youth, anxious to obtain money, and when quite young he hired out to John Brownfield, a dealer in dry goods and one of the first business men in the city, and in his employ remained for some time. He then, with his brothers, embarked in the grocery and agricultural implement business and for a number of years they carried on a successful business, winning the respect and confidence of a large number of patrons. In 1888 he was elected by the Democratic party, which he had always supported, to the office of county surveyor, was hon- ored by a re-election in 1890, and retired from the office in 1892, carrying with him the good will and respect of his constituents as well as of his political op- ponents. He is now following the calling of a salesman, and his agreeable manners and desire to please have made him quite popular. He is a member of that worthy order the K. of P. His marriage was celebrated in 1876, Miss Mary E. Hopkins becoming his wife. Two sons and two daughters have been given them: Nellie, now in the high school of South Bend; Guy, Walter and June. Samuel S. Perlet. the capable manager of the Coquillard Wagon Works and acting trustee of the Coquillard estate, was born in Portland, Me., October 8, 1861, son of Jonas H. and Fannie S. (Smith) Perley, natives of Maine and Massa- chusetts respectively. The Perleys are of English stock and came to this country about the year 170(), locating in Massachusetts, where members of the family passed through the Revolutionary war and later the War of 1812. The majority of the male members of the family were ministers of the gospel, and were eloquent and faithful workers of the Christian cause. Jonas H. Perley was president of the Board of Trade in Portland, Me. , for four years, being the second man to hold that office, and for many years he was an influential member of society in that city. In 1869 he removed to Detroit, Mich. , where he embarked in business with Charles Merrill and Thomas Palmer, and until 1875 they successfully conducted a large lumber trade. At the above mentioned date Mr. Perley retired from the business, later came to South Bend on a visit to his children and was here called from life in March, 1892, after a long and well-spent life. He left the heritage of an unsullied name to his children, which was rather to be desired than great riches. He was the father of nine children, seven of whom survive him: Mrs. George W. Van Dyke, of Detroit; Dr. H. O., of Washington, D. C, a surgeon in the regular army; 120 PICTORIAL AJffD BIOGRAPHICAL Clayton J.; Maude, the widow of Alexis Coquillaid; Samuel S.; Artbui- P. and Kirk W. The subject of this sketch was principally brought up in Detroit, his residence in Portland, Me., comprising the tirst ten years of his life. He was edu- cated in the famous university of Notre Dame, at South Bend, graduating in 1S81, and immediately thereafter entered the office of the Coquillard Wagon Works, his first position being that of book-keeper. He was soon after promoted to cashier and private secretary-, which position he held until Mr. Coquillard's death, when Mr. Parley was made trustee of the estate under his will, aod also manager of the wagon factory. Verj' ably has he discharged his trust and the business has been unusually prosperous under his management, and the j)atronage has rapidly in- creased, which is the result, without doubt, of his wide range of practical ex- perience, sound judgment and thorough knowledge of the requirements of the trade. None but skilled hands are employed and the materials used are of the best, while the designs are new and artistic, and the workmanship substantial and graceful. Although Mr. Perley is young in years he has shown remarkable business judgment and has successfully developed and handled the great business and estate since it came into his hands. He is also connected with one of the largest hardwood lumber businesses in the State, which is owned and controlled by himself and his two brothers, Arthur P. and Kirk W. Mark B. Thompson was one of the leading pioneers of Elkhart county. lud. , and as a public- spirited citizen, a kind and accommodating neighbor and an honor- able man of business, he had not his superior in this section of the country. He was among the very first settlers of Jackson township, Elkhart county, coming thither from Wayne county, Ind., in 1S29, where he had lived for a number of years. He was a native of Orange county, N. Y. , where he was born November 17, 1802, of Scotch-Irish descent, and a son of John Thompson, who made an early settlement in the State of New York. The latter was a soldier in the War of 1812 and was in the battle of New Orleans. His occupation was that of a raftsman of the Ohio and Mississippi Eivers, and while on one of his trips died in the city of New Orleans. The Thompsons removed from New Y'ork to Butler county, Ohio, in 1803, and there devoted their attention to tilling the soil until after the death of the mother, when the father, Mark B. Thompson, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., December 17, 1802, emigrated to Indiana, and upon his arrival in Elkhart county, pre-empted the east half of section 2, Jackson township, which was in a primitive condition and heavily covered with timber. The nearest neighbors at that time were Col. John Jackson, Elias Riggs, William Simpson, Major Violett, William Latta and Asel Sparkling. He was first married to Jane Thomas, a daughter of John Thomas, a native of Wales, and took for his second wife Harriet Howell, a widow, by whom he became the father of five children: Charles E., Catherine J., Mark B., Lafayette H., and a daughter that died in early childhood. The father was called from life on the 6th of May, 1872. Charles M. R. Haeske, superintendent of the wagon department of Studebaker Brothers, of South Bend, Ind. , is a courteous and obliging gentleman, and since holding the above-mentioned position has shown himself to be thoroughly compe- tent and reliable — in fact, the right man in the right place. He was born in the Province of Posen, Germany, October 27, 1856, a son of Michael and Frances (Uebler) Haeske, the former of whom is deceased, but the latter is still a resident of the old country. Seven sons and one daughter were born of the union of this worthy couple, and Charles M. R. was reared in his native land, in the pub- lic schools of which country he received a practical education under his father, who was a successful and experienced educator. When in his fifteenth year, Charles M. R. sailed for America and landed in the city of New York, after which he came directly to South Bend, Ind., where his parents had fi-iends living. He at once secured a humble position with Studebaker Brothers as chore-bo}', thread cutter, etc., but after a time began learning the blacksmith's trade with the same MEMOIRS OF IXDIAJfA. 121 firm, liis evenings being spent in attending nigbt school, in which he obtained a fair English education. From time to time, as his services demanded, he was pro- moted to better positions, and through his own native talent and worth to his em- ployers he attained his present position as superintendent of the wagon depart- ment — a responsible position, but one which he has filled in a very satisfactory manner and to the decided benefit of his employers. In the management of the men that are under him he has shown himself to be intelligent and firm, yet genial and obliging, and he commands the hearty goocl will and respect of his subordinates. Ever since coming to the United States he has identified himself with the interests of this country, which can boast no worthier man among its Ger- man-American citizens. Some time ago, owing to impaired health, he spent three years in his native land, but upon the restoration of his health he returned to South Bend, and here has since resided. In 1882 he took for his companion through life Miss Sophie Meyer of South Bend, and to their union three children have been given: Clyde F., Ethel M. and Margaret I. Mr. and Mrs. Haeske are members of the German Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially he belongs to the A. F. & A. M. and the K. O. T. M. Hekkv F. Elbel, foreman of the stock department of the Singer Manufactiir- ing Company of South Bend, Ind., is universally popular and respected in busi- ness circles, and the company with which he is connected is a worthy and valu- able addition to the skilled industries of South Bend. He is a native of the city, his birth having occurred November 9, 1856, to Lorenz and Johanna (Mainer) Elbel, who came from their native land of Germany in 1851 and took up their resi- dence in South Bend, where they still reside. In their family' were six sons and two daughters, the former of whom are skilled and experienced musicians, their names being as follows: Henry F., Herman, Richard, Robert, Fred and Louis. The father and his sous comprise an orchestra which is known as the Elbel Family Or- chestra. They are all natural musicians and are well known, not only in St. Jo- seph, but in the surrounding counties as well. Henry F. Elbel was reared in the city of South Bend, and in the public schools of that city he obtained a practical education. When only a lad he started out to make his own way in the world as an employe of the Singer Manufacturing Company, and although his position was humble and his compensation small, it was an excellent school for the young lad, and taught him lessons of industry and self reliance, and as his usefulness to his employers increased he was promoted accordingly: and, after filling various posi- tions was given his present responsible place. He is now the oldest employe in the service of the company, for he has been with them since 1869, and their trust and confidence in his ability, intelligence and faithfulness is unbounded. He is a young man of rare business qualifications, and it is needless to say that he has im- proved his opportunities and deserves the success which he now enjoys. He is a Democrat politically, and on that ticket was elected a member of the city council in 1888, by the largest majority ever given in his ward, in which capacity he served four years, being the youngest man ever elected to that body in South Bend. He was made president of the Turners' Society in 1891, and is now serving his third term. He is a stockholder and secretary of the South Bend Porcelain Company, and socially belongs to the K. O. T. M. He is still unmarried, and makes his home with his parents. His sisters are Antonia and Laura. Thomas Clayton. Among the grist millers of Indiana, none are more thoroughly posted in their busine.ss, or manufacture a better brand of flour than Mr. Clayton, whose long experience in this line of work has made him perfect. On June 18, 1837, he was born in Crawford county, Ohio, and was the sixth child in a family of ten children, born to Thomas and Mary E. (Myers) Clayton, the former of whom was born in Richland county, Ohio, in 1804, and there resided until he reached man's estate, when he removed to Crawford county, Ohio, where he resided ten years. At the end of this period be removed to Van Wert county, where he was called from 123 PICTORIAL AND BIOQRAPEICAL life in 1852, at the age of forty-eight years. He was a Democrat in politics, a prominent man politically and socially, as well as in a business way, and for many years was a leading member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He accumulated considerable means, was very public spirited, and for twelve or fifteen years filled the position of justice of the peace. Having been reared in the woods of Ohio, as a natural consequence, he was quite a Nimrod, and many deer fell victims to his skill with the rifle. In 1849 he lost his wife, whose birth had occurred in Pennsylvania, she being a daughter of George Myer.i, who, with his wife, was a native of Germany, their removal to America, and their settlement in Pennsylvania taking place in an early day. Later they took up their residence in Crawford county, Ohio, where they passed from life. Mr. Myers was an ofiicer in the War of 1812, and became a well-to-do farmer of Crawford county. He and his wife reared a family of ten children. Thomas Clayton, the father of the subject of this sketch, was married in Crawford county, and by his wife became the father of ten children: George AV. ; William, who died in Kosciusko county; Samuel, who is living at Milford, Ind. ; Nancy J., who died after marriage to John Duncan; Susan J., who died after her marriage to J. K. Masters; Thomas, the subject of this sketch; James, who is living in Goshen and was a soldier in the Civil war; Mary E., who is the wife of John Ellsworth of Missouri; Sarah, who died young; Henry, who died while serving in the Seventy-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, at the age of nineteen years, hav- ing been a participant in a number of important engagements. The parents of these children were communicants of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and were prosper- ous and substantial citizens of the section in which they resided. The paternal grandfather, Henry Clayton, came from England and endured the hardships and privations incident to pioneer life in Ohio, from which State he enlisted in the War of 1812, being a member of the United States army. He eventually became a resident of Allen county, Ind., where he paid the last debt of nature in 1855, having attained to an advanced age. His wife, who bore him ten children, died in Iowa, whither she had moved with her youngest children. Thomas Clayton, whose name is at the head of this sketch, remained with his parents in his native county until he attained the age of sixteen years, during which time he became familiar with pioneer life in the woods of Ohio. He led the usual life of the farmer's boy of that period, and while following the plow or wielding the hoe, not only improved and strengthened his muscles, but learned lessons of industry, economy and lionesty, which materially aided him in obtaining a competence in later years. What education he now has has been gained through his own efforts, and in the hard school of experience, but this work taught him self-reliance, and strengthened his judgment as nothing else could have done. In 1853 he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and began making his home in Jackson township with his aunt, Mrs. Chilcote, but was troubled very much with ague, and on that accoiint returned to Ohio, where he spent the winter, returning to Indiana in the spring. Since that time, with the exception of a few years when he lived in Kosciusko county, Elkhart county has been his home. He worked on a farm, and when twenty years of age he secured a small piece of woodland in Michigan, which he later traded for a team, and later traded the team for forty acres of land in Scott township, Kosciusko Co., Ind. , which was also heavily timbered. He sold this land and purchased a tract of land in Jackson township, Elkhart county, near New Paris, and lived one year on this farm, but disposed of this in 1864. and purchased a stock of dry goods in Milford, which he conducted two years with success. Following this he entered the milling business in Milford, but after successfully conducting this for six years, he disposed of it also. He then began farming in Kosciusko county, and in two years' time traded for his present farm in Elkhart county. He owns in one body 360 acres of land, all of which was well improved, and devoted to the raising of the usual northern products. He has magnificent buildings, his residence which was erected in 1885, costing between $6,000 and §7,000. He has a fine bank barn 40x80 feet. MEMOIRS OF IXDIANA. 123 Mr. Clayton is one of the most extensive stock raisers in the county, and one of its most enterprising, thorough and practical farmers. In 1888 he decided to again embark in milling at Baintertown, for which plant he traded 238 acres of land. He has conducted this in a very satisfactory manner from a financial standpoint, and the mill, which is what is called a lOO-barrel mill, having seven sets of rollers, turns out the brand of flour known as the Pride of New Paris, which is very popular and well known. Mr. Clayton also owns thirty-two acres of land near the mill, and a half interest in thirty-six acres of other land for water power. Mr. Clayton has been very successful as a man of business, although he has met with some reverses in his race for fortune, but his judgment has usually been exceptionally sound. He is of the stuff of which model citizens are made, and his record as a man of honor has remained untarnished. In politics a Republican, he has always taken an active interest in the good of his party, and has held the position of trustee of Jackson township, and the same in Van Bureu township, Kosciusko county. He was one of the county commissioners in 1887, and is well known in political circles as a reliable and substantial man. He was first married in March, 1860, to Miss Amanda Rahrer, daughter of Daniel Rahrer, who was one of the early pioneers of Elkhart county. Two children were born to this union: Enoch and Amanda, and when the latter was one year old, her mother died. Amanda was born in Jackson town- ship in 18-10, eventually married and became the mother of the following children: Gassius M., born June 25, 1860, is married and has two children; Mary B., born May 15, 1862, died when fifteen months old; Emma, born June 25, 1864, died at the age of two years; William E., born November 4, 1866, is a miller by trade; Daniel, born January 21, 1870, and James E., who was born March 2, 1873, died at the age of six months. The mother of these children was reared at New Paris, and was only thirty-three years of age at the time of her death. For his second wife, Mr. Clayton took Rebecca Curtis, who was born in Elkhart county, July 21, 1853, a daughter of Harrison and Mary (Kirkpatrick) Curtis, who were early pioneers of Elkhart, and are living at Milford. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis reared the following children: Martha, Rebecca J. (Mrs. Clayton), James H., Sarah E., Joseph E., Mary E., Susan, Atha, John E., Charles, Arthur and Ida. One child died in infancy. The parents of these children were from Ohio. Mr. Clayton's second union resulted in the birth of five children: Harlej-, born August 27, 1875; Perry, born May 28,1877; Otis, born January 14, 1879; Herbert, born October 26, 1880, and died young, and Craige, born December 13, 1883. Mr. Clayton has always been a patron of educa- tion, and has given his children good advantages. He is one of the most enterpris- ing citizens of the county, and he and his wife are worthy church members. He is a member of the Kosciusko Lodge, No. 418, A. F. & A. M., at Milford. Will A. Endley is the editor and proprietor of The Independent, of Walkerton, a breezy sheet, which enjoys a good circulation and is published in the interests of the community, especial attention being paid to local affairs, making it a history of the events that transpire in this locality. Moreover, it reviews most intelligently the public issues of the day, and its advertising columns are well filled and show that the merchants of Walkerton appreciate it as a medium for making themselves known to the people at large. The intelligent and able editor of this journal was born in La Grange, Ind. , October 9, 1863, and was principally reared in the towns of Butler and Brimtield, Ind., attending the schools of those places, where he obtained a practical education. At the age of sixteen years he entered the ofiice of the Visitor of Walkerton, where he learned the art of printing. In 1879, in company with Charles C. Richmond, son of Dr. Richmond, he established the Van- guard, which they published a short time. In 1880 Mr. Endley' s father purchased Mr. Richmond's interest and the paper was enlarged and changed to The Repub- lican, which they continued to successfully conduct for two or three years, when the Doctor sold out to his son and the latter removed to South Bend, where he was reporter for the Daily Tribune for some months. He then took charge of the local 134 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL department of the Daily Times, holding this position until the paper was discon- tinued. Mr. Endley then went to Chicago where he worked at his trade two or three years, but in July, 1886, returned to St. Joseph county and bought out what was then the Visitor, of Walkerton, and changed it to the Independent, which he has since controlled and pul)lished. The paper is a spicy, independent, six-column, eight-page quarto, and as Mr. Endley is an experienced and practical printer he conducts his paper very successfully, notwithstanding the fact that he is quite a young man. He is a member of the K. of P., and being urbane, courteous and agreeable and an interesting conversationalist, he is welcomed in the highest circles of society. In 1888 he was married to Miss Nellie, daughter of Prof. J. A. Jones, formerly principal of the Walkerton schools, and for a number of years she was a teacher in the schools of South Bend. Mr. Endley is a son of the late lamented Dr. J. F. Endley, whose untimely death was sincerely mourned, not only by his immediate and sorrowing family, but also by all who knew him. The following is a short sketch of his life taken from the La Porte DaiJij Herald: "The Doctor was born near Jeromeville, Wayne county, Ohio, August 22, 1839, and was consequently in his fifty-third year at the time of his demise. When about five years old he moved with his parents to La Grange, this State, where he obtained his education in the public schools. As he reached manhood he read medicine and began the practice of that profession, afterward attending Rush and Bennett Medical Colleges, Chicago, from the latter of which he graduated January 5, 1871. June 21, 1861, Dr. Endley married Miss Nellie Coomer at La Grange. Two children were born to them, a daughter and a son, the former of whom died in infancy. The son. Will A., is pub- lisher of the Independent. In 1864 the Doctor l^ecame" a member of the I. O. O. F. From La Grange he removed to Brimfield, this State, where he began his first con- nection with the press, becoming a contributor to the Kendallville papers under the nom de plume of " Is Slinger," writing humorous articles. He also became local correspondent for the Standard. Dr. Endley remained seven years at Brimfield, going from there to Walkerton, where he at the time of his death had resided six- teen years. In 1879 he started a paper which was Republican in name and in fact. He published it about three years. About five years ago he issued the first number of the Independent, which has been a success from its inception. It began on a small scale, but has been enlarged from time to time. In size and editorial ability it com- pares favorably with its contemporaries. The Doctor wrote for the Independent from the commencement of its career, and for the past two years was editor. He served as councilman two terms and was secretary of the board of health at the time of his decease. Dr. Endley was a man of strong convictions. Whatever he Ijelieved to be right he clung to with tenacity. He was a devoted husband, an affectionate parent and an unswerving friend. He was a strong Republican, and at one time, particu- larly during the Garfield campaign, was very active in politics. He might have held office but seemed to have no fancy for it. Whatever cause he sustained he espoused because he believed in it with his whole heart. He was particularly devoted to Walkerton, and labored for its development with all the power he pos- sessed, and he was a power in the place, and was so recognized by everybody there, editing as he did the only newspaper in the town. He had an eye single to Walk- erton's interests and never failed to speak a good word for it. He was foremost on all public occasions, such as Fourth of July, Memorial Day, etc., and where he led, such was the confidence in him, and so highly was he esteemed, that other men did not hesitate to follow. He will be missed in Walkerton, probably in a way that no other person would be missed, and there was universal sorrow in the town at his demise, which came like a shock to the community, so unexpected was it. The feeling regarding the Doctor among members of the press was well expressed by the South Bead Times, which said: " The sudden death of Dr. J. F. Endley, of the Walkerton Independent, will be sincerely regretted by a host of friends who have of late years learned to highly prize his literary and journalistic work. He MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 125 was a versatile writer — decidedly original, sometimes unique, and always interest- ing and entertaining." The Doctor was brimful of energy. Nothing was suffered to lag when he once took hold of it. He neglected nothing. He stood well in the medical profession, always keeping pace with the many improvements being con- stantly made. About three years ago he attended a physician's course in Bennett college, holding a professor's chair, dissecting for the class and lecturing. Dr. End- ley was twenty-four years engaged in the practice of medicine." AVhen his last sickness overtook him he at tirst doctored himself carefully but at last outside aid had to be called in, but without avail. Take him all in all he was a good citizen, and there was universal regret at the unexpected ending of so promising a career. Hon. Thomas J. Wolfe, dealer in men's and boys' clothing, gent's jewelry, watches, etc., at Walkerton, Ind., Las made the establishment over which he pre- sides a synonym for all that is popular, progressive and honest. His personal char- acter is as high as his business repute, his honorable deportment in all the relations of life commanding the confidence and respect of all who know him. He was born in a little log house near Ligonier, Noble county, Ind., August 8, 1851, son of Leonard and Lutitia (Martin) Wolfe, natives of Ohio and of German-Scotch ancestry. The maternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812. The family came from Ohio to Indiana in wagons, in 1837, and for one year resided in Noble county and then removed to a farm near Middlebury in Elkhart county, after which they returned to Noble county in 1848 and purchased land about one and a half miles from Ligonier where they settled in the woods. They built a little log cabin, the chinks filled with mud, and a mud chimney in which they lived in true pioneer style until better improvements could be made. The woods were filled with wild game and wolves were numerous and sometimes dangerous, so much so that the mother would often throw coals of fire among them to frighten them away. On this place the father died in 1856, his widow surviving him until October, 1892. They reared a family of ten children: Martha, widow of C. C. Gilbert; William J., residing near Armour, S. Dak.; Jane, wife of Henry Hostetter, of Knox, Stark Co., Ind.; Ellison M. , of Lincoln township, this county; Maggie B., wife of F. M. Chapman, assessor of Ft. Wayne, Ind. ; Charles S., of Ligonier; Ehoda A., wife of J. J. Miller, of Walkerton; and George W., Theron A., and Thomas J., also of that place. The last mentioned was the youngest of the family and was reared on a farm in Noble county where he received such education as the common schools afforded, being compelled to walk two miles to a little log hovise to attend a three months' winter term of school. The remainder of his time was spent in helping to clear the forests, and in following the plow or wielding the hoe, in fact, he was made thoroughly familiar with pioneer life on a farm in all its phases. At the age of sixteen years he removed to Ligonier with his mother, the public schools of which he attended for three winters, his examination cards, dated 1868-9, being still in his possession. In 1869 he began learning the dentist's profession and in the spring of 1870 located at Walkerton and worked at his profession exclusively for one year, at the end of which time he began clerking in a store belonging to his father-in-law, C. W. N. Stephens, as well as attending to the duties of his profession. He remained in the store until 1875, having charge of the clothing department, in which he afterward bought a half interest, and moved it to a store room adjoining and then assumed entire charge of the same. In March, 1883, he became sole possessor of the stock and has since conducted it very successfully alone. He began life a penniless boy, but the industry and push which he has ever manifested, have been rewarded and he is not only in good circumstances financially, but he is also an influential and respected citizen of his section, whose honesty is unimpeachable. In addition to his clothing house and tailoring establishment he also deals in baled hay and straw, and in 1892 shipped about 375 car loads, and is the owner of two good farms besides town prop- erty. He is what may be termed self-made. His busy life does not prevent him from active participation in all worthy projects for the advancement of the material 136 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL interests of his section, and has done much to advance and promote the well being of bis fellow citizens. In ISSO he was elected by his numerous friends to represent them in the Lower House of the State Legislature, and after serving very efficiently one term declined a re- nomination and also that of county clerk which was tendered him. He has always been a stanch Republican politically, and socially is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the I. O. O. F. and Knight Templars. He was married in 1871 to Miss Mary F. Stephens, by whom he has seven children: Addie, Thomas J., Jr., Belle, Claude, Verne, Merton and Beatrice. Jackson Greene, farmer. The farming class of America, and especially of the northern tier of States, is notable for the degree of iutelligence that is possessed among its representatives. Jackson Greene belonged to one of the most progres- sive of families, and was proud of the fact that his father was one of those fast disappearing landmarks of heroic past, an early pioneer. Mr. Greene was born in Greene county, Ohio, December 18, 1814, son of John and Nancy (Jackson) Greene, natives of Delaware and of English ancestry. The father was left an orphan when a youth and was taken to visit relatives in the State of Maryland, but afterward became one of the early settlers of Greene county, Ohio. His means were very limited at this time but he was ambitious to become the owner of a home of his own, and for this purpose began looking around for a suitable loeatiou, and on his way to Michigan passed through St. Joseph county. After reaching the Lake State he purchased a tract of heavy timber land. However, in 1832, he came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and entered land by proxy, one mile from where the subject of this sketch resided, upon which he erected a little log cabin and lived in rude style until better improvements could be made. There were but three families in the vicinity at that time, but with characteristic vigor he set to work to clear his land, consisting of 196 acres, on which place he resided until his death in 1838, in which year there was a great deal of sickness. He was the father of fourteen children, two of whom died in infancy. Three sons and oue daughter only are now alive: Nelson, Daniel, James and Martha, widow of Richard Inwood. From this old and prolific family Greene township derived its name. In the early days of their settlement the Indians were far more plentiful than the whites, and wild game of various kinds roamed the woods, and from the cabin door the sire and sons often brought down deer with their rifles. Jackson Greene was eighteen years of age when his parents came thither, and was a healthy, strong and stalwart young man, well fitted to endure the struggles and hardships of pioneer life. His edu- cation was obtained in the common schools of Ohio, and after coming to this county, he attended two terms in a little log cabin, with greased paper for window lights and otherwise fitted up in a very primitive manner indeed. His life was devoted to agriculture, and he became the owner of a finely improved farm of 300 acres, which was conducted on progressive principles and was the source of a good income. Mr. Greene had every reason to be proud of his political record, for he cast his first vote at the first election held in the township, for Martin Van Buren, and voted for every Republican President since that time and never cast a vote outside of Greene township. He was more closely identified with the interests of his section than any other man living in it, and for twelve successive terms held the position of township trustee. He was the efficient public servant of Uncle Sam at Sumption Prairie postoffice, but though devoted to the good of his party he was never a particular aspirant for public favor. August 15, 1849, he led to the hymeneal altar Miss Mary Knott, daughter of David and Margaret (Braerley) Knott, natives of New Jersey, who first settled in Greene county, Ohio, and in 1837 in St. Joseph county, Ind. Of a family of six children born to Mr. and Mrs. Greene, only two are living: Margarette, wife of A. J. Beyers, and Charles B., of South Bend. Dr. Jacob R. Brown, physician and surgeon, of Sumption Prairie. The gen- tleman, the salient points of whose life history we shall endeavor to give below, is one of the most prominent physicians and surgeons in St. Joseph county, Ind., and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 127 his experience in this way in civil life has been supplemented by the crucial one of witnessing death and the most terrible of wounds, with their attendant surgical operations, while in the Civil war, in which he was the eiiicieut surgeon in the Twen- ty-ninth Indiana Regiment for two years. As a gentleman. Dr. Brown commends himself most pleasantly to those with whom he comes in contact. He is a man of great force of character. He is well read and informed, not only as regards his pro- fession, but in the current topics of the day. He was born in Augusta, Carroll Co., Ohio, December 7, 1823, and at the present time is the oldest practitioner in the county. He is a son of Charles and Eliza (Fiuch) Brown, the former of whom was born in Virginia, and the latter in Maryland, both being of English origin. The paternal grandfather, Thomas Brown, was a colonel in the Eevolutionary war, and after the cessation of hostilities removed from his native State to Ohio by wagons, entering land in Columbiana county, and being one of the pioneers of that section. Indians were very numerous in those days, but he courageously faced the hardships and dangers inevitable with pioneer life, and there made his home until he was acci- dentally killed by being thrown from his horse. Charles Brown, the father of the Doctor, was a farmer throughout life, and died in Carroll county, Ohio, in 1833, beinc about forty-hve years of age at that time, but his widow survived him until 1882, dying in St. Joseph county, Ind. She bore her husband six children, but only two are living at the present time: Dr. Jacob E., and Mrs. Mary Gantz, of Carroll- ton, Ohio. Three of the children died in 1892, within six months of each other. Dr. Jacob R. Brown was reared in Carrollton, Ohio, where he received his initiatory training, and, later, finished his knowledge of books at Athens. He resided on his father's farm until twenty-one years of age, but when about eighteen began the study of medicine, and followed school teaching in order to defray his expenses in some medical college. He built himself a small house, in which he lived all alone, and all his spare moments were devoted to hard study. After attending the Ohio Med- ical College, of Cincinnati, he had no funds with which to establish himself profes- sionally, and, in order to obtain means, accepted a position as clerk on an Ohio River steamboat, which position he filled for two years, and saved some money. He soon after located at Osnaburg, Ohio, and in 1850 came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and located right where he now lives, at which time he had but 25 cents in money. He formed the acquaintance of the late Col. L. M. Taylor, of South Bend, and a warm friendship was formed which only ended with the latter' s life. The Colonel sold Dr. Brown 100 acres of land and gave him his own time in which to pay for it. On this land was a small log house, in which the Doctor and his family lived until his means permitted better improvements. By industry and economy he soon built up a lucrative practice and was soon in fair circumstances. His practice extended in all directions about twenty miles from home, and he would often be gone two and three days at a time, attending to his professional duties, leaving his young wife to look after the place, which she often found to be quite a heavy responsibility. The Doc- tor is now the owner of 180 acres of nicely improved land, and can now enjoy the fruits of his early industry. He is endeavoring to give up the practice of his pro- fession, but his numerous old friends and patrons still insist in calling upon his serv- ices. On December 7, 1848, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Gorgas, a native of Mechanicsburg, Penn., whose people were of German origin, her great-grandfather having come from that country. Her parents were Jacob and Catherine (Ober) Gorgas, the former of whom was a silversmith and manufacturer of pianos. They first removed from Pennsylvania to Canton, Ohio, where the mother eventually died, the father's demise occurring in Chicago. Mrs. Brown was at one time a very fine musician, as was her father before her. Dr. Brown is a member of the G. A. R. (Auten Post, No. 8, of South Bend), and is a Knight Templar in the A. F. & A. M. He is a member of the St. Joseph County Medical Society, the Indiana State Med- ical Society, and the American Medical Association. He is now examining surgeon of the pension board of South Bend. For sixteen years the Sumption Prairie post- 138 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL office was kept in his house. He is in every respect a self-made man, and every dol- lar that he now possesses was earned by himself, with the efficient help of his ami- able and intelligent wife. John W. Ellis, president of the Elkhart Paper Company. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch is endowed by nature with such gifts as characterize true manhood and progressive citizenship in all that the words imply, and is de- scended from ancestry that won honorable distinction in the American Revolution as well as in the War of 1812, manifesting their love for truth, justice and right and for their country by deeds of valor on many a bloodj- battlefield. His paternal giand- father. Jacob Ellis, who was born in New Hampshire, was a lineal descendant of the Ellis family that landed at Plymouth Eock. He was reared to manhood on a farm and was following that occupation when Great Britain was endeavoring to en- force her unjust laws, and when the call for troops came he gallantly responded and served throughout the entire struggle with the mother country, rising to the rank of lieutenant. After the war terminated he removed to Oneida county, N. Y., with his family, and was one of the first to settle in the vicinity of Utica. Here he resided until he paid the last debt of nature at the advanced age of ninety-four years. He was the father of two sons and two daughters: Jacob. Joel, Cynthia and Sarah. The eldest of these children, Jacob, was born in New Hampshire April 20, 1787, but was left without the loving care of a mother when he was very young, and when his father took up his abode in the Empire State, he also located there and there attained man's estate. He became interested in freight transportation on the lakes, by schooners, and found this quite a profitable source of revenue. On June 16, ISll, he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Burch, who was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., December 28, 1792. being one of fifteen children born to Thomas and Nancy Burch. About one year after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Ellis they set- tled in Oswego county, N. Y., of which they were among the first settlers, and se- cured 112 acres of land of the Holland Purchase, and although the land was totally unimproved and heavily covered with timber, they settled thereon, erected a log cabin and began battling for an existence in the wilderness, their capital consisting of much energy and pluck aud a hand-made "chest,"' which they used as a table, and the contents of which consisted of their sole personal effects. Not long after mak- ing this settlement Mr. Ellis entered the service of his country to participate in the War of 1812 and was at Sackett's Harbor at the time the British endeavored to make a landing. Years after, or about 1850. Mr. Ellis received as compensation for his services a warrant for 160 acres of laud. He was a man of indomitable energy, was resourceful and progressive and developed a fine farm from the forest aud erected substantial buildings thereon. In Pulaski, the county seat, he built a large hotel, which he conducted for two years, but his early days of pioneer life had left its im- pressions upon him, and in the early part of 1831 he concluded that the far west had more attractions for him and offered better advantages and opportunities than the hemlock stumps and pine knots of Oswego county, and he boarded a schooner for Detroit, his objective point being Chicago, for he realized a portion of the possibili- ties of a country located at the head of navigation. Leaving Detroit, he started across the country on foot with his knapsack strapped to his back aud walked the entire distance to Elkhart — over 170 miles — and upon arriving at that place was persuaded to locate, which he did after due consideration, purchasing about a half section and entering a section of Government land adjoining what is now the city limits on the east of the town, which at that time was called Two Mile Plain. He then returned to New York and in October, 1831. brought his family thither and set- tled on the land he had previously jjurchased aud entered and which was destined to be his future home. He was very successful in all his undertakings and brought under cultivation over 500 acres of excellent and valuable farming land, and erected the first frame barn that was ever put up in Elkhart county, in the spring of 1832. During those early days an enormous business was done by boating on the river for ^0ou14j / -{%^ i/ ilEMOIRS OF INDIAXA. 131 the shipment and importation of merchandise and Mr. Ellis, being a live business man, erected a large warehouse at the confluence of the Elkhart and St. Joseph Rivers, and he also owned boats for the transportation of goods. He did much for the development and upbuilding of Elkhart, and while putting forth his efforts to bring about this desirable result he also increased his own wealth and at one time owned over 1,000 acres of land, besides other valuable business interests which were eventually divided among his children. In an early day, after stages began to thrive, Mr. Ellis built a tavern on his farm and for about eighteen years conducted this on his farm, it being the headquarters and stopping place for stages and the traveling public for some fifteen years. His wife bore him eight children as follows: Maria, Fannie, David (who died in infancy), Joel, David, John W., Sarah and Louisa. John W. and Fannie are the only feurviving members of this family, the latter being the wife of Edward Loomis, a resident of California. Jacob Ellis, the father of these children, was a member of the Masonic fraternity from the time he was a younc man until the day on which his death occurred, December 26, 1860, and he was also a life long member of the Congregational Church, as was his wife. In the early part of his manhood he afliliated with the Whig party but he afterward be- came a Kepublican, although he voted for Andrew Jackson on one occasion. His last years, which ended a useful and successful career, were spent retired from act- ive life and in comfort in the homes of his children. To illustrate the generous character of Mr. Ellis, the following is given: During the first years of his resi- dence in Elkhart county educational facilities were verj' meager and Mr. Ellis con- tributed the use of a building for a school room for the use of the rising generation. He was also first and foremost in contributing and assisting to establish religious advantages in the way of churches, although the denomination was not always of his own choice. His son, John W. Ellis, whose name heads this sketch, was bom in Oswego county, N. Y. , August 12, 1825, and therefore, was less than sis vears of age when his parents settled in Elkhart county, at which time the country' was extremely wild and the population mainly consisted of Indians. During his boy- hood days his playmates in many instances were the dark-skinned children of the forest, and as far as occupation went his father found a ready use for him on the home farm, and with that line of work he became thoroughly familiar. His educa- tion was necessarily limited, for his advantages were very few. but by close applica- tion he succeeded in mastering a great deal of useful information which he could not otherwise have obtained. When al)0ut twenty years of age his father placed him in chargeof the large warehouse on the banks of the St. Joseph River, and he found his time fully occupied, for at that time the entire business of the section came through river navigation and his father practically had control of all the storage and for- warding transacted here and did an enormous business. Although the position was a very responsible one, Mr. Ellis was gifted with natural executive ability and success- fully managed affairs for about four years, when an older brother took his place and Mr. Ellis turned his attention to merchandising, which calling occupied his attention until the spring of ISoO, when he went to the gold regions of California in search of a fortune. He made the trip across the plains fi-om where Omaha is now situated to Sacramento in fifty-six days, the quickest trip recorded of the season. Two vears later he returned east as far as Illinois and for four years was 'a merchant in that State, after which he returned to his former home in Elkhart and from that time until 1870 the peaceful calling of a farmer occupied the attention of Mr. Ellis, but he also continued to can-y on merchandising. Like his father before him he has de- voted his influence and his means to assist in improving and building up the citv, and no enterprise of any importance has been inaugurated to which he has not lent val- uable aid, either in the way of money or by influence and labor. He is one of the promoters and builders of the Excelsior Starch Company, and for tweutv vears was closely identified with the same, being secretary of the company a considerable por- tion of this time. It was an enterprise that employed from ten to twelve hands at 132 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL first, but now gives employment to seventy-five or eighty., with a corresponding in- crease in business. He also assisted in establishing the Eagle Knitting Works, which was started in a modest way but now furnishes work for 400 people. He was president of this institution for many years, and was one of the projectors of the Electric Street Railway, being one of its board of managers and secretary of the company. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has taken all the degrees up to that of Knight Templar, and he is an active member of the Congregational Church. Politically he has always been a Republican and from 1860 to 1872 he was assessor of the town and township and during the Civil war was enrolling commissioner and deputy collector of internal revenue. He was also one of the first aldermen after the organization of the city. On July 26, 1849, he was married in Lake county, 111., to Clarissa W. Green, who was born in Bristol, Vermont, Sep- tember 22, 1831, a daughter of Isaiah and Marj' (Gage) Green, who were born in the Granite State. Mr. Green died in 1864, but Mrs. Green survives him and re- sides with her son, Cullen W., in Elkhart. Mr. and Mrs. Ellis are the parents of five children: Mary C, Jay B., John F., James S. (who died at the age of twenty- two years) and Lulu B. Mr. Ellis owns a farm adjoining the city of Elkhart, which originally consisted of 185 acres of laud, and, besides, a large amount of real estate in different parts of Elkhart, as well as manufacturing interests. He has been eminently successful and through his success and generosity the city hasgained much. Although he is now retired from active business life, he still takes pleasure in assisting, almost daily, some of the many business enterprises he is connected with. His son. Jay B. Ellis, graduated from the Hahnemann Homoeopathic School of Physicians and Surgeons, of Chicago, and is engaged in the practice of his pro- fession at Ligonier, Ind. John F. Ellis graduated from the Homceopathic Medical College, of New York City, and is now practicing medicine at Eureka Springs, Ark. George I. Witter is one of the substantial residents of German township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., but in the township of Warren was bom, on April 16, 1863, to George and Sarah (Miller) Witter, and was there Isrought up on the home farm, becoming well versed in the minutiae of agricultural life. He resided on the old place until March 21. 1892, at which time he purchased his farm in German town- ship, consisting of 110 acres of fine farming laud and twenty acres of timber land in Warren township, for which he paid the sum of $10,000. and at once settled on the former tract. On this farm he has shown what a man of energy and intelligent views can accomplish and in every transaction in which he has been engaged he has shown excellent judgment, and as a consequence has been prospered in worldly matters. Agriculture has received much attention at his hands, for which branch of agriculture his farm is well adapted, and he has some of the best blooded cattle and hogs in the county and is considered an excellent judge of those animals as well as of good horseflesh. After he had come to the conclusion that it is not good for man to live alone, on March 27, 1885, he took a wife in the person of Miss Cora Ross, who was born in the city of Chicago, 111., August 10, 1867. a daughter of Capt. William R. and Juliette (Warner) Ross, and their union has resulted in the birth of two interesting children: Mabel, born February 22, 1887, and John L., born November 28, 1891. Mr. Witter is one of those young men of whom his county may well feel proud, for he is not only well supplied with this world's goods, but he is also deeply interested in everything tending to the good of his section and aids them by influence and purse. He has always been an enthusiastic Republican, in fact, is enthusiastic in everything that he undertakes, and, as a rule, everything in which he interests himself is pushed to a successful issue. In social circles he is liked and admired for the genuine kindness of his heart, and his well-meant efforts are appreciated, and among business men his intelligent and practical views and his strict integrity are recognized and valued. John Thornton. The older members of a community are doubly entitled to the respect and esteem of their neighbors when their lives have been replete with acts MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 133 of kindness, and their whole career marked by integrity and uprightness. Among those who have fought the battle of life successfully, is now retired from active life and in the enjoyment of the fruits of his early labors may be mentioned John Thornton, who is an intelligent and progressive citizen of Elkhart. He is a product of Summit county, Ohio, where he first saw the light of day May 19, 1831, his parents, Henry and Sarah (Kreitzer) Thornton, having been born in Snyder county, Penn. , where they were reared and married. In the spring of 1830 Mr. and Mrs. Thornton emigrated to Ohio, and after a residence of twenty-seven years on a farm in Summit county, they came to Elkhart county, Ind. , and in Section 32, Cleveland t >wnship, Mr. Thornton purchased 160 acres of land on which he made his home until he paid the last debt of nature on March 31, ISSO. He was an active member of the Evangelical Church, in which he was steward for several years, and being active and enterprising and a worthy citizen, his death was deeply regretted by the community at large. He was a successful tiller of the soil and at the time of his death left an estate valued at about §15,000. His widow survived him until April, 1886, her death occurring at the home of her daughter, Luvina Kuntz. She was a daughter of John Kreitzer, a native of Germany, who came to America with his parents when a child, and at the time of his death, which occurred when his daughter Sarah was about fifteen years of age, he was a well-to-do farmer of Penn- sylvania. To Mr. and Mrs. Thornton a family of thirteen children were born: Elias; Hannah; Leah, who died at the age of five years; John; Noah, who died in infancy; William; Mariah; Peter, who died March 9, 1892; Solomon; Samuel; George; La- vina, and Louisa, who died at the age of eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Thornton were persevering and industrious and everything that they accumulated was by dint of hard work and energy, for their married career was commenced in poor circum- stances. They were very ardent supporters of the cause of temperance, were earn- est workers in the church and their children and grandchildren have inherited the same excellent qualities and are living examples of their respected ancestors. The paternal grandfather, Henry Thornton, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. John Thornton, whose name heads this sketch, attended the common schools in the vicinity of his home in his youth, and discharged the numerous duties that can al- ways be found for a boy on a farm, during which time he acquired a practical in- sight into the details of agriculture. On February 3, 1852, he was married in his native county to Miss Susannah Weyrick, who was born in Summit county, Ohio, March 13, 1828, a daughter of David and Elizabeth (Walter) Weyrick, who were born, reared and married in Snyder county, Penn., and removed to Summit county, Ohio, about the year 1825, where they lived until their respective deaths. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Thornton they made Ohio their home for one year, then settled in Osolo township, Elkhart Co., Ind., where Mr. Thornton first pur- chased a farm of eighty acres, but sold this place three years later and purchased 120 acres in Cleveland township, which he still owns. Not only has he been suc- cessful as a tiller of the soil, but he has devoted considerable attention to the various enterprises inaugurated in the county, and so far as it lay in his power has assisted in their promotion and establishment. He has been a director of the Home Fire Insurance Company of Elkhart county for eleven years, but resigned his posi- tion about four years since, and in the fall of 1889 retired from active business pur- suits and took up his residence in Elkhart, where he purchased a comfortable home in which he and his wife are living in comfort and quiet. After Mr. Thornton set- tled in Cleveland township, he purchased sixty acres of land which increased his farm to 180 acres, the income from which is amply sufficient to supply all his needs. His farm is occupied by tenants, but is kept in good farming condition, and the building and fences in excellent repair by Mr. Thornton, who is an intelligent man of affairs and decidedly progressive in his views. He and his wife are active mem- bers of the Evangelical Church and have reared their children in that faith, the names of the latter being as follows : George W. , William H. , Levi B. , Leah C. , 134 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPIIICAL Sarah E., Emanuel W. aad Amelia, all of whom are living and have homes of their own. Mr. Thornton has always voted the Republican ticket, although in local affairs he is not a partisan, and being an enterprising citizen, has done much to further the best interests of the city of Elkhart, as well as the county. As an illus- tration he was one of the promoters and original stockholders of the electric street railway, his original stock amounting to |'2,000, but he has since taken $1,500 more, although it has never been a paying investment, only live of the first stockholders retaining an interest in the same at the present time. In addition to his farm he also owns other property in Cleveland township and enough land in St. Joseph county to amount to 242 acres, which he disposed of at different times. He owns six lots in Elkhart, besides his residence lot, and has erected two houses on some of his property. He was one of the first stockholders in the Fair Association, an en- terprise of considerable magnitude lately established. John Beyree is one of those strictly honorable and upright German citizens for which Indiana and especially St. Joseph county has become well known, and pos- sesses all the characteristics for which those of his nativity have become well known — unbounded energy, sterling honesty and much public spirit. He was born in Ger- many November 22, 1850, to Jacob and Barbara (Greiner) Beyrer, but at the age of six months was brought to America by his parents, who settled in Berrien county, Mich., on a farm. On this place John grew up to sturdy manhood and in the public schools in the vicinity of his rural home he received a practical education. He remained at home and assisted his father until he was twenty-six years old, when he purchased a thirty-acre tract of land in German township, two and one-half miles northwest of South Bend, where he still resides. He i.s a shrewd man of busi- ness, has always been very successful in his undertakings and is quite an extensive and prosperous real-estate dealer in South Bend. For eight years after locating in German township he carried on an extensive dairy business, disposing of 300 quarts of milk per day in South Bend, but after retiring from that business he engaged in contract work and the sale of gravel from immense deposits extending over forty acres of land and of a depth of ten feet, which comprised a portion of his land. For five years he was very busy in supplying gravel for roofing for the Ford Roofing Company, of Chicago, and has graveled twenty-one acres of roofing for the Oliver Chilled Plow Works and nearly as much more for the Studebaker Bros. Manu- facturing Company, which is a fair illustration of the magnitude of the business he carries on. He probably understands the business of roofing, especially of the South Bend manufactories and business blocks, than any man in the county. In fact, he is an all-around, wide-awake and successful man of business and is one of the most useful citizens of which the county can boast. October 11, 1877, he was united in marriage to Miss Flora E. Miller, who was born in Warren township, September 25, 1856, a daughter of James R. and Amanda E. (Ritter) Miller, and she has presented him with four children: J. Lloyd, born August 11, 1878; James R., born December 16, 1881; Ada, born June 10, 1886, and Mary L., born Decem- ber — , 1890. Mr. Brej'er is a member of that worthy society, the I. O. O. F., and is a member in good standing of the Royal Arcanum. Mrs. Breyer is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Republican, on which ticket he was a candidate in 1890 for county commissioner, although he was defeated not- withstanding the fact that he ran ahead of his ticket. Jacob D. Beyrer. This gentleman, who resides in German township, owns a fine farm, which attests by its value and productiveness the excellent qualities of thoroughness and system which mark the owner. He was born in Wurtemburg, Germany, on January 4, 1806. and on a farm in his native country he was reared, his youthful days being spent in assisting his father in the extensive vineyard owned by the latter. He was married in Germany about the year 1832 to Barbara Greiner, a native of the old country, and in 1851 thej' came to America, and made a settle- ment in Berrien county, Mich., on a farm near the Indiana State line, where the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 135 father is still residing at the advanced age of eighty- seven years. He has been prosperous and successful, for he was a hard worker during his earlier years, and in time added forty acres to his first purchase of eighty acres. This land he improved and cleared by his own efforts and made of it a valuable and productive farm. During the early days of his residence there he bought an old style lynch-pin wagon from the Studebaker Bros, which Mr. Beyrer assisted in making. The Studebakers at that time had a small blacksmith shop and wagon factory on the site of the pres- ent postoffice building in South Bend. Mr. Beyrer, in later years, had quite an extensive vineyard, raised considerable fruit of all kinds, and as a tiller of the soil was intelligent and practical. At the present time he is making his home with his children, his wife having died May '28, 1883. They became the parents of nine children: Jacob, Dora, John (deceased), William, Christina. Caroline, John G., Mary, and Amanda, who died in Germany. Before Mr. Beyrer's removal to Amer- ica he did military duty for six years in his native land, according to the law of that country, and there also acted in the capacity of sheriff for eight years. Will- iam Beyrer, his son, was born in Germany, August 19, 1839, and in 1851 came to America with his parents, and for a few months attended the district schools, but as the family was poor and striving to make a home in America, William was obliged to remain on the farm the most of the time and assist in clearing and developing the same. He also worked out by the month, and one season of nine months earned §130, of which he saved §120 and gave to his father to assist in the improvement of the homestead. He was married on August 4, I860, to Miss Ellen Shetterly, who was born June 9, 1841, in Suyder County, Penn., her father and mother being George and Eliza (Keeley) Shetterly. Two years after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Beyrer they settled on a farm in German Township, and in 1SS2 purchased 100 acres of land, on which thej' resided for several years, having disposed of their other propert}'. In March, 1888, the residence with all the household effects, includ- ing over §400 in monej', was destroyed by tire. It was early in the morning and Mrs. Beyrer and children barely escaped in time from the burning building, being obliged to walk in their bare feet and thinly clad over the frozen ground to the neighbors. This was a severe blow to Mr. Beyrer, as his family was left almost destitute for a time, having lost all their clothing and were without ready money. Kind and generous neighbors immediately came to their relief and supplied them bountifully with all such necessaries, a thoughtfulness and unselfishness which the family will always remember. Mr. Beyrer was trustee of the township at the time, and all the books, etc., were also destroyed. The indomitable will and energy, characteristic of the man, asserted itself, and he at once set to work with renewed vigor to retrieve his lost fortunes, and the manner in which he has succeeded is illustrated bj' the handsome residence which now adorns the site of the old one, and the comfortable appearance and prosperity of the place on all sides. Mr. and Mrs. Beyrer are the parents of five children: Charles, Mary, Ida (deceased), Hattie, Lillie. In the fall of 1892 Mr. Beyrer sold the farm in German township for §100 per acre, purchasing property in Soiith Bend, whither the family moved in order to give their children better educational facilities. During his residence in the coiin- try he was trustee of German township for four years, and filled this office with ability and credit to himself. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum, is a Repub- lican politically, but in local affairs is not a partisan. Capt. Orville T. Chamberl.un, attorney at law, resident at Elkhart, Ind., is one of that multitude which has achieved no great distinction or renown, but which, nevertheless, constitutes the bone, sinew and brain of the commonwealth. He was born at Leesburg, Kosciusko Co., Ind., September 1, 1841, and when two years old was brought to Elkhart by his parents. Dr. Joseph W. and Caroline (Tryou) Chamberlain. He was here reared to man's estate and has always made Elkhart his home. In his youth he attended the local schools, and besides standing high in his classes, acquired considerable skill and reputation in amateur theatrical 136 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL entertainments conducted by the Omega Society. He clerked in his father's drug store, worked at the printer's trade and then taught three successive winter terms of school at the Bunker Hill school house two miles south of Elkhart. In 1860 he be- came a student at Notre Dame University, and was graduated from the commercial departuient as Master of Accounts. He did not complete the higher courses of study, which he had begun, because of his enlistment in the army, but in 1868, as a recognition of his high standing and diligence as a scholar, the faculty of the uni- versity bestowed upon him the honorary degree of Master of Arts. August 6, 1862, he became a private iu Company G, Seventy-fourth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry: was shortly afterward made orderly sergeaut, aud afterward successively promoted second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain of his company. On the field at Chickamauga he was appointed acting adjutant of the regiment, which posi- tion, together with those of comjaauy commander and judge advocate of court martial of the division, he held most of the time during the remainder of the war, personally, laboriously aud ably discharging the duties incident to all those posi- tions. He participated in the Crab Orchard, Nashville, TuUahoma, Chattanooga, and Atlanta campaigns, in Sherman's march to the sea, the march through the Carolinas and iu the Grand Review in AVashington at the close of the war. In the battle of Jonesboro, which Gen. George H. Thomas said ' ' struck the finishing blow in the Atlanta campaign, " he assisted in the command of his regiment and led the charge and bayonet fighting which resulted in the capture of the enemy's battery, and earth-works. For his part in this contest Col. Morgan, the regimental commander, and Col. Este, brigade commander, recommended him for appointment in the regular army. Gen. Sherman made an order allowing Capt. Chamberlain to retain the side arms of a guerrilla officer whom he had personally captured, and also recommended him for such appointment. He was repeateclly tendered appoint- ments such as brigade inspector, provost marshal, etc., but believing he could be more useful where he was, he sacrificed the benefits personal to himself which he would have gained by acceptance, and remained with his comrades until he was mustered out with his command at the close of the war. Shortly after his return to civil life, the President tendered him a commission as first lieutenant in the regular army. On the day the commission was received his father died, aud because of this event he declined the commission in order that he might care for the stricken family. Engaging in the study of law he was, in time, admitted to the bar and has since actively prosecuted his profession. As an attorney he is noted for his care and in- dustry. His fidelity to the interests of his clients and the integritj' and sagacity shown in the management of his clients' interests, have enabled him to occupy a useful position in his profession. In 1874 he made an efforttobenominatedascandidatefor clerk of the circuit court, but was defeated. With that exception he has never in any man- ner sought any office or vote for himself. He has served as town clerk, as district attorney and as city attorney for several terms, which offices he filled with ability and honor. He has manifested a lively interest in public affairs and improvements, having been a projector in several business enterprises, and is a director in the Opera House Company aud president of the Jones & Hill Mauufacturing Company. Miss Helen M. Mead became his wife September 1, 1869, and one daughter, Edith, has blessed their union. Captain Chamberlain is a man of fair ability, without any pretense to anything further. He has improved his fair but limited opportunities reasonably well, and while he has reached no particular distinction, he has attained reasonable success in most of his undertakings, and is a prominent and useful man in the community in which he resides. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Re- public and Loyal Legion. William Miller was born in Franklin county. Va., April 1, 1809. \Yhen a year and a half old, he came with his parents, to Union county, Ind. At the age of twenty-four years he was married to Miss Mary Miller, of Union county, daughter of Col. John Miller, also a Virginian, and an officer in the War of 1812. In 1833 MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 137 "William Miller removed to this, St. Joseph, county, and settled upon a tract of fer- tile land on the west side of Portage Prairie, in what is now German township. Some of the laud he bought from the general Government, and a part of it from an Indian. Here he established his home, and developed one of the finest farms in the State. Mr. Miller was a practical and successful farmer, and did much to advance the agricultural interests of the county. His farm, while considered one of the most beautiful aud productive, was noted for its fine prairie fields, valu- able oak groves, large orchards, the best breeds of stock of all kinds, and the most improved agricultural implements. He was the purchaser of the first reaping and mowing machine used in the county. In 1844 he was elected to the Legislature, and was regarded as so valuable a member that he was returned by his constituents for two successive terms. He was very active in the Legislature in the interest of the benevolent institutions of the State, and the asylums for the deaf and dumb, the blind and insane, are largely indebted to his persevering and able efforts in their behalf. In 1858 Mr. Miller, desiring to retire from the arduous duties of active farm life, and to afford his younger children better educational advantages, removed from his farm to South Bend, and purchased the then new and handsome residence on La Fayette street, where he and his estimable wife spent the remainder of their lives. Mr. Miller was for many years a member of the city council, and took an active interest in city affairs. Appreciating the benefits of varied manufacturing industries in building up and maintaining a city, and adding to the wealth and growth of the community, he labored zealously in that direction, and was instru- mental in inducing capitalists to come to South Bend to engage in business, and in lend- ing aid to those who were struggling to establish themselves upon a more solid basis, and it is true that some of the promoters and wealthy owners of the mammoth man- ufaoting establishments that are the pride of South Bend to-day, are deeply indebted to Mr. Miller for his encouragement and financial assistance. Mr. Miller was a man of tine presence, his personal appearance commanding respect everywhere. He was above six feet in height, of symmetrical build, with a strong, yet kindlj' face, hand- somely set off by a wealth of wavy hair and iron-grey beard, that attracted the attention of the artist; truly an ideal of noble manhood. In politics he was an uncompromising Whig, and at the birth of the Republican party, he promptly allied himself with that party, and continued an earnest advocate of its principles through- out his life. He was also an enthusiastic advocate of Odd Fellowship, and was a charter member of the first lodge organized in the county. He died in his home on May 2, 1879, after a long and severe illness, attended by his devoted wife and chil- dren, and his death was sincerely regretted by a large circle of warm friends and old acquaintances. Mrs. Miller died in the same homestead on September 29, 1885, in her seventy-fifth year. She was preeminently a type of our pioneer women, and while possessing the most womanly instincts, and a most loving and lovable dis- position, and untiring in her devotion to her husband and children, she had the splendid strength of character which was so essential to the successful enjoyment of life on the frontier, as a wife and true helpmate to a sturdy pioneer husband. She died "in the twinkling of an eye" in the fullness of her years, mourned by her sorrowing children, and Iw a host of kind friends and neighbors who knew her best. Mr. and Mrs. Miller had born to them nine children, sis of whom survived them; five sons and one daughter. John F. Miller, the eldest, was born in Union county, Ind. , November 21, 1831, and came to St. Joseph county with his parents, at the age of two years; he remained on the farm till his eighteenth year, when he attended school in South Bend, and later in Chicago, and afterward graduated at the New York State Law School at Balston Spa, in 1852. Upon completing his studies he returned to South Bend aud became associated in the practice of law with Norman Eddy, ex-member of Con- gress. After about three years he went to California and engaged in the practice of his chosen profession, continuing till his return, three years later, to South Bend, 138 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPIIICAL where he resumed practice, and was married to Miss Mary Chess, a native of Penn- sylvania. In 1860 he was elected a member of the State Senate, which position he resigned at the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion, to accept a commission from Gov. Morton to raise the Twenty-ninth Regimentof Indiana Volunteers. Upon his arrival in Kentucky with his regiment, he was placed in command of a brigade, serving under Gens. Sherman, Buell, Rosecraus and Thomas, and was promoted to brigadier general. Gen. Miller led the famous charge across Stone River, and though severely wounded in the neck by a minie rifle ball, he was in the three days' light, refusing to go to the rear against the earnest advice of his surgeon. At the skirmish at Liberty Gap, Tenn., he lost an eye by a bullet from a sharpshooter, while advancing at the head of his command. This wound was very dangerous and came near proving fatal. As soon as he was suliiciently recovered, he returned to his command, though he carried the rebel bullet in his head for twelve years, when it became necessary to remove it to save his life. In the battle of Nashville he com- manded the left division of 8,000 men, and was brevetted major general for conspic- uous bravery. The record of Gen. Miller was that of a soldier who knew no fear, and never swerved from the line of strict duty, and as a comrade has said of him: "His bearing in battle was sublime; he had all the dash of a Sheridan, and the coolness of a Grant, and no commander ever inspired his men to a greater degree." Brave as a lion, yet kind and considerate of the welfare of his men, he was their idol, and wherever he led they were eager to follow. At the close of the war he accepted the collectorship of the port of San Francisco, tendered by President John- son. After acceptably filling the position four years, he resigned to organize the Alaska Commercial Company, getting from Congress the exclusive grant of the Alaskan seal fisheries for a period of twenty years. The business of the company, of which he was president, becoming very profitable, Gen. Miller amassed consider- able wealth. His ability as a lawyer was recognized throughout the Pacific Coast, and he was appointed president of a commission to investigate the Chinese question and to devise a method to ameliorate the condition of the people of California in that regard. The report submitted as chairman of that commission was favorably received, and was heartily endorsed by many of the ablest jurists in the country, and the legislation therein suggested was afterward adopted. He was elected to the United States Senate in 1880, and wastheauthor of the famousChinese Exclusion Act, which became a much-needed law of the land. Senator Miller won the admir- ation and gratitude of the people of California, and enjoyed an immense popularity among his constituents. He was chosen chairman of the Committee on Foreign Relations, a distinction rarely accorded to a senator so young, and discharged the delicate duties of the position with credit to himself and honor to his country. He was greatly esteemed and respected by his associates in Congress, and though a stanch and unflinching Republican, he was kind and considerate in dealing with political opponents, and his amiable disposition, unobtrusive manners, his ability and fairness, won him many warm and distinguished friends. He died during his senatorial term, at his home in Washington, after a prolonged illness, leaving a wife and one daughter. His funeral services in Washington were held in the Senate chamber, attended by the President, Supreme Justices, members of the Senate and foreign representatives. His remains were escorted to California bj- special Government train, and deposited in his tomb by the side of his beloved son, whose death he had never ceased to mourn. Thus at the early age of fifty-five years, John F. Miller, patriot, soldier, statesman, in the zenith of his career, passed away, full of honors, followed by deep regret at his untimely taking off, mourned by his sorrowing family, and by thousands of admiring friends. His widow survived him until December 6, 1890, when she died in Washington City, D. C. , and was buried by the side of her dis- tinguished husband. She was a devoted wife and mother, and always shared in the troubles and triumphs of her husband. The daughter, now the wife of Lieut. Rich- ardson Clover, of the United States navy, resides in Washington with her husband and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 139 only daughter, Maiy Eudora Clover, who was born at No. 1301 Conn avenue, Wash- ington, D. C, November 15, 1890. Mrs. Clover inherited many of her father's traits of character, and moving in the highest circles of society, and mingling with the most noted people gathered at the national capital from her early girlhood, and being naturally gifted and liberally educated at home and abroad, she attracts wide and favorable attention everywhere, and counts among her warmest friends many dis- tinguished people. David, the second son, died at the age of six years. Isaac Newton, the third son, was born at the home farm in German township, November, 3, 1835. He was a sturdy farmer boy, and spent his youth upon the old farm, and remained there up to his majority, except to attend school in winter in South Bend, and at Wabash College. He has followed the occupation of farmer for nearly the whole of his subsequent life. He was married to Miss Martha E. Ritter, March 25, 1858, and resided upon the home farm for several years, when he removed to South Bend to engage in the milling business until the spring of 1866. He bought a farm in Olive township. St. Joseph county. , near the village of New Carlisle, where he now lives. Mr. Miller is one of the most enterprising and success- ful farmers in the county, and owns one of the largest and finest farms in his local- ity, thoroughly equipped with modern farming utensils, and stocked with the best breeds of all kinds of farm stock. Being an unswerving Republican, Mr. Miller has taken an active interest in local politics, and was called upon, in 1882, and again in 1884, to run on the Republican ticket for representative, and when the opposi- tion was in an overwhelming majority in the joint district and county, and though narrow!}' defeated, he had the satisfaction of greatly reducing the majorities of the successful candidates upon both occasions. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have an interest- ing family of five children: The eldest, Eldon N., was born August 31, 1860, and is, like his father, a live, progressive farmer, and resides upon his farm in La Porte county, near New Carlisle. He was married on March 21, 1883, to Miss Lulu Dickey, of New Carlisle, and they have five bright little girls: Marv E. , born June 18, 1884; Ann L., March 13, 1887; Edith, July 11, 1890; Eva, 'july 11, 1890, and Winnona, born Sei^tember 17, 1892. John F., the second son of Mr. and Mrs. I. Newton Miller, was born June 9, 1862, and spent the early years of his life with his parents upon the home farm, till, in early manhood he entered the West Point Military Academy, where he was disciplined for several years, resigning to enter the law department of the Ann Arbor University, and later graduating from the Law col- lege at Valparaiso, Ind. Shortly afterward he left hislndiana home to seek a broader and brighter field for the practice of his chosen ])rofession, and in June, 1887, he located in Seattle, Washington Ter. , where, after a residence of but little more than a year, he was elected police judge in November, 1888, and filled the position most acceptably for two years, when the office was vacated hy the change from a Terri- torial to a State government. In November, 1890, Mr. Miller was elected district prosecuting attorney in Seattle, which position he now fills with signal ability, and his popularity being such that he is renominated upon the first ballot for reflec- tion. Though young in years and citizenship in the city of his adoption, he is firmly established professionally and socially, and enjoys the respect and confidence of the entire community. On February 12, 1889, he was married to Miss Mary E. Stewart, of Randolph, 111. They have a promising little daughter, Leah. Mr. Miller has built an elegant residence in Seattle for a permanent home. The younger children of I. Newton Miller and wife, are Mary E., born April 6, 1877; William R., boru March 26, 1880, and Isaac Nelson, born December 27, 1881. The next son in the order of ages, of William and Mary Miller, is William H. , who was boru at the old homestead in German township, on August 21, 1838. As with his elder brothers, his boyhood was spent upon the farm engaged in the ardu- ous labors incident to farm life of that period, which was before the introduction of many of the labor-saving inventions of to-day. Arriving at the age of manhood, 140 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL he attended school in South Bend, and later at Wabash College, and following that, at Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. After leaving school he spent some time read- ing law in the office of Miller & George, when the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion changed his intended course, and after spending one summer in Ten- nessee, with his brother, Gen. Miller, who was then in command of the post of Nash- ville, he returned to South Bend and engaged in the manufacture of sash, doors and blinds and building material, which business he successfully prosecuted for a period of seven years. He was married to Miss Mattie Crockett, December 9, 1864. In the spring of 1875, he became interested in the purchase of some landed property in Fond du Lac, Wis., and removed there to manage the interests, and remained three years engaged in farming, then removed to St. Louis, becoming in- terested in the business of dealing in coal and street sprinkling, where he remained till the fall of 1880, when he returned to South Bend, and engaged in the manu- facture and sale of sprinkling wagons, having made a number of valuable improve- ments in street sprinklers, upon which invention he secured letters patent from the Government. He followed this business successfully alone, till the season of 1890, when its growing demands resulted in the organization of the Miller-Knoblock Wagon Company, and the building of a plant to manufacture the Miller Patent Sprinklers and heavy fifth-wheel vehicles, in which he is one of the heaviest stockholders, and tills the positions of treasurer and superintendent. Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Miller have had three children born to them: Edwin Morton, was born May 10, 1870, and died August 29, same year; Mae MiUer, was born in South Bend, September 17, 1872; she attended school at St. Joseph's Academy, South Bend, and later at Living- ston Park Seminary, Rochester, N. Y. ; Gertrude, was born in St. Louis, March 31, 1879, she is a faithful student in Washington School, South Bend. Martha E., the only surviving daughter, was born December 6, 1841. In her girlhood she attended school at the La Porte, lud. , Seminary, and later, at the Oxford Young Ladies' Institute, Oxford, Ohio. She was married to Moses E. Butterworth, of La Porte, Ind., February 20, 1866, and has resided in La Porte, and at Kingsbury, La Porte county, ever since, except with a few years' residence in South Bend. Mrs. Butterworth inherited, to a marked degree, the heroic traits of her parents, and possesses an intellectual strength of character and wealth of true womanly senti- ment which makes her presence felt throughout her large circle of friends. Mr. and Mrs. Butterworth have had three sons born to them: William M. , was born March 11, 1867. His early boyhood was passed upon the Kingsbury farm. At a suitable age he entered Purdue University, and after finishing his studies there, he returned to La Porte, and enlisted in the ranks of journalism, and soon proved himself to be a ready and accomplished narrator of current events, and his sallies of wit and poetic sarcasm, won for him an enviable i-eputation among his comrades. He is now a resident of Chicago, engaged in the real estate business, and in the study of law. He was married to Miss Juliet Fox, of Titusville, Penn., on May 3, 1892. Joseph B., was born December 22, 1868, and died November 27, 1878. Henry T. , was born November 20, 1872, and after leaving school attended the La Porte Horological School, and acquired the watchmaker's trade, in which profession he has become well skilled. He is also giving much attention to vocal music, possessing a rich bari- tone voice of wonderful power and compass. Henry Clay, was born May 20, 1844. Like his older brothers, his earlier boy- hood was spent upon the old Portage prairie farm, and removing to South Bend with his parents, be attended school in winter and followed agricultural pursuits in summer. He attended the Northern Indiana College, and later, Ann Arbor Univer- sity. In 1867 he went to California, where he still lives. For some time after his arrival in San Francisco, he acted as private secretary to his brother. Gen. John F. Miller, then collector of the port. Subsequently he was appointed cashier of cus- toms, and held this important position until the change of administration, when he tendered his resignation, and accepted the secretaryship of a mining association in MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 141 San Francisco, until Mr. Phelps was appointed collector, when he was again called to the office of cashier, and held the position till promoted to his present highly important office, auditor of customs, which he assumed some two years ago. Mr. Miller's popularity arises from the warm interest and kindly sympathy he shows toward others. He is a man of much depth of feeling, and very considerate to sub- ordinates, and in general circles, social, business, or political, his courtesy and can- dor give him the esteem and respect of those he meets. His long experience in the routine of custom house business, his unquestioned integrity and fine business abil- ity especially qualify him for the important position he fills. He was married to Miss Magdalena Rosetta Blakeman, a native of California, on October 5, 1874, and two promising children bless their union: the eldest Madaline Rose Miller, was born in California on May 11, 1877, and Henry Clay, Jr., March 2, 1879. Mr. Miller and family live in a pretty Swiss cottage on the heights in the beautiful suburb of San Francisco, Sausalito. The seventh child of William and Mary Miller, was named Mary Ellen, who died in infancy. The eighth, Horace Greeley, was born at the old farm homestead, November 14, 1849. His early life, like those of his brothers, was passed at home, until after his parents removed to South Bend, where he attended the city schools for a number of years, and later, entered college at Monmouth, 111., where he met Miss Rachel Cochran, to whom he was married shortly after finishing school, on November 14, 1870. His first business venture was in the grocery business, in partnership with the late J. G. Bartlett, in the oldest and best known grocery house in South Bend. After several years of successful business, the firm changed to Miller & Campbell, Mr. Campbell purchasing the interest of Mr. Bartlett. The successors continued the business for a number of years, receiving a generous patronage, which was well earned by the integrity and ability of the members of the firm. When the firm quit business in , Mr. Miller engaged in the manufacture of lumber for a num- ber of years, and later filled the position of cashier in the large dry goods house of George Wyman & Co. In 1878 he resigned this position, and engaged in the coal and sprinkling business with his brother, W. H. , in St. Louis, Mo. Returning to South Bend in 1880, he subsequently took a position as traveling salesman and oflice-man with the Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, which he filled acceptably till the spring of 1891, when he resigned and became associated with, and astoekholder in the Miller-Knoblock Wagon Company, of South Bend, and now holds the position of vice-president and traveling representative with this company. Edwin Irving, the ninth child of William and Mary Miller, died in infancy. William A. Bdtler is an Indianian by birth and bringing up, and has inculcated in him the sterling principles of the better class of citizens of the Hoosier State. He was born in July, 1831, on the old homestead, and as soon as old enough began pursuing the paths of learning in the pioneer log schoolhouse of olden days. His grandfather was a blacksmith and a citizen of Culpepper county, Va. , of English descent, and was accidentally killed while a resident of Virginia. He was the father of the following children: Zaccheus, Alsea, Nancy, Joshua, David, Elizabeth, George, Fannie and Eliza. Zaccheus, the eldest of this family, was born in Cul- pepper county August 19, 1795, received a common-school education and learned the blacksmith's trade of his father. When he was twenty-one years of age his father was killed, and as he was the eldest of the family the burden of its support fell upon his shoulders, but by energetically wielding the hammer in his blacksmith shop, he managed to keep the wolf from the door. On February 28, 1820, he was married in Virginia to Sarah, daughter of Thomas Scalock, and eight children eventually came to bless their home: Burwell J.; Owen T., who died at the age of twenty years; Tillman P.; Ira A. ; William A.; Francis B. ; Julia E. and Annie C. In 1822 Mr. Butler removed to Ross county, Ohio, and afterworking at his trade in Chillicothe for eight years he took up his residence in Fort Wayne, Ind. , but one 143 PICTORIAL AJSfD BIOGRAPHICAL year later located in Benton township, of Elkhart county. He settled on a woodland farm ou the banks of the Elkhart Eiver, and here the rest of his days were spent in tilling the soil and working at his trade, his shop being the tirst one in his section of the country. People came to him with work from Elkhart Prairie and other parts of the county, and by this means he earned the money with which to purchase eighty acres of land, and in order to enter it he walked to Fort Wayne, a distance of forty-five miles, in one day and returned home the next. Through good manage- ment he, in time, became the owner of 560 acres, most of which he entered by eighty acres and each time made the trip to and from Fort Wayne on foot. He was a man of great industry and assisted by his faithful wife, who was a woman of great sagacity and prudence and an excellent manager, although she was of small stature and possessed a not over strong constitution. Mr. Butler was a member of the Baptist Church, and was a Democrat politically until the formation of the EejDub- lican party, after which he gave his sujiport to that party. He gave eighty acres of land, or its equivalent, to each of his children, and was in every respect a kind and considerate father and husband. He was a useful pioneer settler and helped lay the foundation of the magnificent commonwealth of Indiana, by many years of unremitting toil, perseverence and push. He lived to be eighty-five years old, dj'ing in 1880. When the country was new he was a great hunter, and many deer and wolves fell victims to his skill as a marksman. In 1835 he assisted in killing a bear that was caught stealing a hog from Mr. Elsea, and was tracked and killed in a neighboring swamp by Mr. Butler, his eldest son and Mr. Elsea. His son, William A., was reared a farmer, a' d grew up in the rough school of pioneer life. On October 19, 1869. he was married to Mary B. Cowan, a daughter of William and Narcissa (Jones) Cowan. [See sketch of the Cowan family for a more extended notice.] After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Butler settled on land belonging to the old Butler estate, consisting of eighty acres. By industry and thrift and estimating the land which his wife inherited, consisting of 167 acres, he has now in his possession 616 acres upon which he has made excellent improvements, erecting a handsome brick residence in 1882 which is tastefully furnished, and bears evidences of culture and refinement. Mr. and Mrs. Butler "are the parents of three children: Wina S., W illiam Burton and Eddie L. These children are receiving good educations and interesting reading matter and wholesome books are an important featrue of the famil}- life. Mr. Butler is a Eepublican, and although he is eminently capable of filling any office within the gift of the county, he much prefers the quiet, unostenta- tious life he is leading. His wife was formerly a member of the United Presbyterian Church. William Cowan, Se. The ancient Scotch Highland clan of Colquhon (Cahoon) were stanch Catholics until the Reformation, when one branch embraced the Protestant faith and to emphasize the event changed their name to Cowan. In 1732 two brothers and a nephew came to America. The brothers settled in New York City. The nephew, William Cowan, removed to Pennsylvania, fought in the siege of Louisburg in 17-45 and subsequently united with his neighbors in their defense against the Indians. Among his papers is a duplicate of the article trans- ferring his allegiance from George III. to the Continental Congress dated in 1776. He married Annie Wilson and in 1788 removed to Bourbon county, Ky., his family consisting of three sons and three daughters. In 179-1 his second son, William, was married to Mary Steele, and in 1806, in conseqirence of his hatred of slavery he removed to Clark county, Ohio. There his wife died. In 1832 Joseph Steele Cowan, eldest son of William and Mary S. Cowan, removed with his family to a farm adjoining New Paris, Elkhart Co., Ind. In 1834 William Cowan, Sr., with the remainder of his family, excepting one daughter, settled in Plain township, Kosciusko county, he giving each of his children eighty acres of land. The country was still occupied by the Pottawatomie and Miami Indians. The set- tlers boiled potatoes for their hogs and the whites of 1835 can remember seeing MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 143 a circle of Indians grouped around the great fireplace in (W. C's.) kitchen waiting for the potatoes to be done, when each would plunge a sharp stick into the kettle, capture a potato and proceed with great gravity to peel and eat it. " The only time I ever remember hearing them laugh aloud was when looking at a doll of mine, prettily dressed and that had joints in its limbs, they would pass it from one to another, make it assume different positions and then laugh. It was the only "schamoke" man's invention I ever saw them notice," says one of the family. William Cowan, Sr. (third in direct line of the name), died in 1838. His eldest son, Joseph, who fought when a boy of seventeen, in the War of 1812, was a justice of the peace in this State and Ohio for more than forty years, a member of the State Legislature, and all his life an active and public-spirited citizen. Four of hia nine children remain in this State: John W., an invalid, and blind for years; Mrs. P. C. Merrick and Mrs. Margaret Murray reside in Goshen, and his eldest daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Hively, in Elkhart. Two sons are in the far west; the rest are dead. Mr. Cowan, Jr., engaged in farming and merchandising in Kosciusko county until in 1849, when with a company of twenty men of which he was captain, he went to California and died there in December of that j'ear. He left one child, a daughter, a resident of Goshen. Thomas Cowan, youngest son of the second W^illiam Cowan, was married in Ohio to Jean Gamble, who was of Scotch-Irish descent and came to this country from Ireland with her father and a half-brother in the ship that brought the tea to Boston Harbor in old Revolutionary times, and was on board the vessel when the tea was thrown into the harbor at the memorable Boston tea party. He moved to Indiana in 1832, bought a farm near New Paris and died in 1846, leaving his aged wife (who died in 1851), one son and two daughters. The daughters married and settled in Kosciusko Ind. The son, William, a well-known and highly respected citizen, was in 1840, married to Narcissa Jones, daughter of Samuel Jones, a pio- neer of Noble county, Ind., by whom he had two daughters: Mary B. and Jane G. He cleared a farm in the vicinity of New Paris, made a good home for himself and family and became possessed of 300 acres of land. Both Mr. Cowan and his wife were members of the United Presbyterian Church, in which he was for many years an elder. Mr. Cowan died in 1871 and his wife in 1884. C. J. Gillette, ex- sheriff of Elkhart county, Ind., owes his nativity to the Empire State, his birth having occurred in Genesee county, September 26, 1825, his parents, Henry and Betsey (Jenks) Gillette, who were of Scotch-Irish descent, having also been born in the East. Both families were early settlers of the region, and from this State the paternal grandfather, Timothy Gillette, enlisted in the War of 1812, in which struggle with the mother country he rose to the rank of captain. He was a farmer and mill owner by calling, and accumulated considerable means. Adam Jenks, the maternal grandfather, died soon after settling on a farm in Ashta- bula county, Ohio. Henry Gillette, the father, also became an early emigrant to Ashtabula county, Ohio, and there he reared his family and resided until his death, which occurred after many years of invalidism. He and his wife became the parents of seven children, four of whom are living at the present time: George 'W., of New York City; C. J., the subject of this sketch; Julia and Helen, the last mentioned being residents of Ashtabula county, Ohio, and the mothers of families. C. J. Gill- ette removed to Ohio when thirteen years of age and received the principal part of his education in Geneva, but as the schools of his boyhood days were not like those of the present, he was not so thoroughly drilled in his books as he could have desired. Owing to the ill health of his father, the support of the family rested upon his and his brothers' shoulders and as they naturally possessed good business judgment, their efforts were prospered and they were successful in keeping the wolf from the door. C. J. Gillette remained with his mother until he was twenty years of age, when he married and removed to an establishment of his own. He continued to reside in Ashtabula county until 1857, when he moved to Camanche, Clinton Co., 144 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Iowa, at which place he engaged iu the hardware business for two years. In 1859 he moved to Mishawaka, Ind., but after spending one season there came to Elkhart, in which place he took up his residence in the fall of 1859, soon after embarking in the grocery business. From the time of his arrival in the city until 1873 he was an active business man. In the fall of that year he was appointed marshal, William Proctor resigning, which office he held until elected sheriff of the county in 1878, to which office he was re-elected in 1880, serving his two terms in a very efficient and satisfactory manner. Since that time he has been practically retired from the active duties of life. He owns considerable property in Elkhart, also Chicago, and being very progressive in his views, he has done much toward building up the town of Elkhart. He is a demitted member of the Masonic fraternity, was a member of the corporation board for two terms before Elkhart became a city, and has otherwise interested himself in the progress and development of the place. He was married in 1845 to Miss Mary Palmer, of Ashtabula county, Ohio, who was a native of Ver- mont, by whom he has two sons, both of whom are residents of Chicago: Lamar, an employe iu the Goodyear Rubber Company, and Henry, who is in the mail service. They are bright young business men and creditably fill first-class positions. The mother of these two boys died January 15, 1876, and the father took for his second wife Miss Frances C. Bates, also of Ashtabula county, Ohio. She removed with her parents from the East when but a child and was a warm personal friend of his first wife. Mr. Gillette is a stanch Republican politically. In 1859 when he took up his residence in Elkhart it was a town of 1,000; at this date, December 1, 1892, a city of over 13,000. Chauncet C. Carpenter, a worthy resident of German township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., was born in Genesee county, N. Y., September 18, 1826, his parents being Rufus and Mariam (Watkins) Carpenter, the former's birth occurring near Burlington, Vt. The father of Rufus was a native of Vermont also and tilled the soil for a living, in which calling he was followed by his son Rufus, when he com- menced to fight the battle of life for himself. The family moved to Genesee county, N. Y. , when it was still in quite a primitive condition, but a short time afterward continued their march westward, and finally found themselves in Macomb county, Mich., where Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter lived until their respective deaths. Rufus Carpenter, the father of Chauncey C, was reared in his native State on a farm, and when his parents made their move to Genesee county, N. Y., he went with them and there formed the acquaintance of and was eventually married to Mariam Watkins, whose birth occurred in Massachusetts on the 19th of May, 1805, her father being a well-known physician. Mr. Carpenter became an emigrant to Michigan at about the same time as his parents, and was one of the pioneers of Macomb county, where he made his home until the winter of 1837, when he took up his residence on a farm two miles south of Mishawaka in Penn township, of which locality he was one of the first settlers. His death occurred in Warren township, March 8, 1858, his widow surviving him until May 1, 1871. They were the parents of the following children: Isaac, born September 7, 1824, and died February 1, 1842; Chauncey C. ; Jerome B., born June 11, 182-; Alvin, born March 16, 1830, and died in California in 1S50; Mary, born March 4, 1834, and died February 11, 1837; Henry, born May 4, 1832, now a resident of California; James M., born June 28, 1836, living in La Porte county, Ind.; Oliva M., born June 16, 1839, living in Michigan, and Ellen, born March 9, 1843, a resident of Michigan City, Ind. Chauncey C. Carpenter was a child of two years when taken to Michigan, and that State continued to be his home until he was eleven years of age. Since that time he has resided in St. Joseph county, consequently, the major portion of his life has been spent here, and at present he is one of the few remaining old settlers. Owing to the fact that his younger days were passed on the frontier of the then almost uninhabited West, his education was limited to the common subscription schools then in vogue, but by application and reading he has developed all the educational traits necessary to a MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 145 successful busiuess life. He was married May 14, 18 — , to Miss Mary W. Greiner, who was born May 7, 18 — , in Germany, a daughter of Israel and Caroline (Curley) Greiner, who were also natives of the old countr_7. Israel Greiner was born in Wurtemburg, February 13, 1824, and came to America in 1853, settling in Ohio, where he resided two years. After living some time in that State, he settled in German township, St. Joseph Co ., Ind., and in this State his death occurred on the 13th of June, 1888. His widow and four children (two sons and two daughters) survive him. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Carpenter, they settled on the farm purchased by Mr. Carpenter some time previous and on which they still reside. Mr. Carpenter is the owner of 154 acres of valuable land, is an energetic and suc- cessful farmer and a successful business man. In politics he is not a partisan but is independent and votes for whom he considers the best man. He and his wife are the parents of six children: John E., born September 7, 1873, and died May 9, 1877; George C, boru February 23, 1877; Edith born January 2, 1881; James A., born August 8, 1882, and died August 3, 1884; Ira, born August 20, 1885, and Allen G., boru July 1, 1887. Prosper Nichols was a resident of St. Joseph county, lud., for many years, but was a native of the Green Mountain State, where he was born, September 16, 1793, and where he grew to manhood. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and during the most of the time served as a scout. In the fall of 1830 he came to St. Joseph county, and in German township entered 160 acres of laud, but about nine years later settled near Rochester, lud., and on a farm in that section resided until his death on November 1, 1868. He was married to Susanna Kessler, by whom he became the father of ten children: Solomon, David, Mary, Sarah, Anna, Lucy, Eliza- beth, Samuel, Rachel and Aarou. Mrs. Nichols died in January, 1869. The daughter Sarah was born April 28, 1821, in southern Indiana, and near Rochester, lud., was married to William Wagner, in 1841. After their marriage they came to St. Joseph county, and in 1849 settled on the farm in German township where Mrs. Wagner now lives. She bore her husband eight children, four of whom are living: Aaron, Margaret, Eva and Ellen. Those deceased are: Prosper, Daniel, Benjamin and Susanna. Mr. Wagner was a native of Ohio, his birth occurring thereon March 16, 1818, and his death in Nashville, Tenn., December 24, 1863. He had gone to that place for his son. Prosper, who was a soldier of the Union army, and was lying sick in the hospital in that place. The son finally returned home, but died four weeks afterward. Mrs. Wagner now owns a good farm of eighty-five acres, and is in the enjoyment of a competency. Aarou Wagner, the eldest of her living children, was born in Marshall county, lud., December 13, 1848, and on April 18, 1877, was mar- ried to Mary Kizer, who is a native of Lucas county, Ohio, her birth occurring on November 20, 1852, a daughter of Jesse and Nancy (Foster) Kizer. Mr. and Mrs. Wagner are the parents of two children, Lynn A. and Walter R. Leslie C, another child, died July 8, 1892. Mr. Wagner has a good farm of ninety-eight acres, but resides on the old homestead, which consists of 360 acres, and successfully farms both places. He is intelligent and progressive in his views, and in the estimation of the public occupies a high place, and deservedly so. Politically he has always supported Republican principles. James E. Weddel is of Welsh descent, a member of one of the old pioneer fam- ilies of Elkhart county, and seems by nature to have been especially designed for a planter, for he has met with more than the average degree of success in pursuing that calling, and is now the owner of a fine farm of 300 acres, which he has shown himself quite capable of conducting in a satisfactory manner. After coming to this country his grandfather settled in Westmoreland county, Penn., twenty miles from Pittsburg, where he followed the calling of a farmer and died when full of years, a highly respected citizen. He reared three sons: Joseph, Jesse and Peter. Jesse Weddel was born in Westmoreland county, and in addition to receiving a practical education in the common schools, he obtained a thorough knowledge of farming. 146 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPUICAL which he found to be of great use to him when he started to tilling the soil on his own account. He Ijecame a very prosperous farmer, and was also the owner of a large distillery. He was a faithful soldier of the War of 1812, in which he did effective service, was loyal to the core, and throughout life was deeply interested in the welfare of his native land. He was married to Nancy, daughter of Ephraim and Agues Davis, and by her became the father of the following named children: Joseph, Amanda, William, Rebecca, Peter, James, Agnes, John and Elizabeth. Mr. Davis came to Indiana and visited Elkhart Prairie in 1828, then went through Michigan to Detroit and thence home. The following year be returned to Elkhart Prairie, then went on to Chicago and St. Louis, but found no place he liked as well as Elkhart Prairie, and here he entered laud as soon as it was open for settlement. He was a substantial farmer, owning at one time a considerable body of land, and at the time of his death was the owner of 200 acres, having prior to that time made a number of real estate sales. He was called from life in 1838, at the age of sixty years, having been a famous hunter throughout life, and during the days when game was abundant throughout this section, he kept his family well supplied with meat. His son. James E., whose name is at the head of this sketch, was born in Westmoreland county, Penn. , June 11, 1831, and was an infant in his mother's arms when he was brought to Indiana. His father died when he was but seven years of age, and he consequently received but little schooling, and is principally self-educated. In his early childhood his father went to mill to Big Prairie Pound, fifty miles distant in Michigan, and used often to go to Ft. Wayne for supplies also. James E. was reared in the country, but after he attained his majority he went West for the purpose of seeing the country, and traveled through Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska and Colorado. For some time he was in the livery business in Georgetown, Colo., and drove a stage from Aurora to Rock Island. Later he worked on a steamboat on the Mississippi River, and for three summers held the rank of second mate. He returned to Indiana finally, and on March 14, 1867, he was married to Annie C. , daughter of Zacheus and Sarah Butler, the former of whom came to Benton township in 1831, and settled on land now owned by Mr. Weddel. He was from an Ohio family, originally from Virginia, but became well known throughout Elkhart county, where he became a prosperous farmer and reared a family of eight children: Burwell J., Owen (who died at the age of twenty years), Filmon T., Ira A.. AVilliam A., Francis B., Julia E. and Anna C. Mr. But- ler lived to the age of eighty-five years, dying on the farm where so many years of his life had been spent. His wife's death occurred four days previous to his own, and they were buried in the same grave on the same day. After his marriage Mr. Weddel settled on the Butler homestead, but two years later changed his place of residence to the Weddel homestead in Elkhart Prairie, where he resided until 1879, at which time he again removed to the old Butler homestead, which he purchased. He is now a substantial farmer and owns about 300 acres of land, which makes him an admirable home, for it is well cultivated and improved, and very advantageously located, both as to farming and stockraising purposes. He was quite an extensive traveler in his early days, and spent considerable time with the Indians, but through it all his record as an honorable man was clean and untarnished, and he bore him- self with that uprightness which has ever been one of his leading characteristics. His wife is an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has borne him three children: Carrie D., Zack and Jesse. Mr. Weddel's mother lived to be over ninety-two years of age, for she was born in AVestmoreland county, Penn., January 28, 1800, and died in De Kalb county. 111., March 9, 1892, at which time she was the oldest pioneer living who came to Elkhart Prairie with her family. She was a member of the Old Settlers' Society of Goshen, and for many years of her life had been connected with the Baptist Church. She was a veiy bright, capable and energetic woman, and after the death of her husband she succeeded in keeping the family together, reared them in comfort and taught them to be honor- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 149 able men and women. She took for her second husband Hiram Morehoase, by whom she became the mother of three children: Jesse, Emeline and George. Jesse and George were soldiers in an Indiana regiment during the Civil war, and Jes-se died in Nebraska of wounds received while in the service, and George was killed while marching with his company. Politically, Mr. Weddel has always been a stanch Republican, supports the men and measures of his party on all occasions, but is not an aspirant for oflSce. His daughter Carrie graduated from the graded school of Goshen, and has successfully taught two terms of school in Benton, and is a young lady of much natural ability. The sons are also well educated. Thomas D. Calvebt (deceased). The sketch here given is that of a former citi- zen and resident of German township, St. Joseph county, and is a tribute paid to his many virtues and to the lessons which, as a father, he impressed upon the minds of his children by the example of a noble and honorable life, which, although it was fraught with hard labor and patient indu.stry, was a model to his heirs of the sterl- ing qualities that characterized a man who lived nearer to nature in its purity than to the artifices of society. He was born in England, December 3, 1815, to Isaac and Isabella (Bird) Calvert, who were also natives of Great Britain, and by them was brought to America in 1818, settling in Philadelphia, Penn., where the father carried on an extensive dairy business for about fifteen years. In the fall of 1834 he came with his family to St. Joseph county, Ind., and entered a large tract of land five miles southwest of South Bend, on which the family settled in a small log cabin, and began to clear the land and establish a home. Here Isaac Calvert lived until his death, Februarj' 27. 1839; his wife's death occurred March 7, 1866. Thomas D. Calvert was about three years of age when his parents came to America, and was a young man of about nineteen years of age upon their arrival in St. Joseph county; consequently he was among its pioneers. He was married, Novem- ber 26, 18-12, to Miss Sarah Curry, who was born on January 18, 1822, in Franklin county, Ind., a daughter of Daniel and Jane (Curry) Curry, the former of whom first saw the light of day in Westmoreland countj', Penn., September 18, 1791, his parents being James and Matilda Curry, James having been a Revolutionary patriot, enlist- ing at the earlv age of fifteen years. Daniel was reared on a farm in his native county, and was married, in 1813, to Jane Curry, a native of Pennsylvania. In the spring of 1825 they removed from Franklin county, Ind., where they had settled at a very early day, to Butler county, Ohio, where Mrs. Curry died in the month of October, 1827. In the spring of 1833 Mr. Curry and his children came to St. Joseph county, settling in Olive township, where he bought a farm and lived for many years. His death occurred in Kansas in 1862. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Calvert they settled on a farm in Portage township, but two years later removed to Olive township, and in April, 1848, they came to German township, where Mr. Calvert purchased 120 acres of land, on which his widow now makes her home. He was an industrious and hard-working man, and bv careful management accumulated considerable property, being the owner of nearly 200 acres at the time of his death, which occurred on December 22, 1890. He was a man of undoubted honor and integrity, and his death was much regretted by all who had known, loved and respected him in life. His union resulted in the birth of six children: Isaac B. , Daniel M. , Mary J., Sarah E. , Elizabeth (^deceased) and Cora I. (deceased). In addition to the estate in German township Mrs. Calvert owns nearly 100 acres in Union township, and is thus insured a comfortable and prosperous old age. She is a lady of intelligence and refinement, is kind, hospitable and charitable and has many warm personal friends. Peter Phillips, farmer of Clinton township, Elkhart Co. Ind., is of sturdy English stock, and the family tree first took root on American soil about the time of the Revolution. Peter Phillips, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a farmer of Loudoun county, Va. ; was there married and reared a family of chil- dren, of whom John, Wilson and Nancy are the only ones remembered. He moved to 10 150 PICTORIAL AJS^D BIOGRAPHICAL Athens county, Ohio, and lived on a farm there until he was quite advanced in years, when he came to Indiana and made his home with his son John until his death, which occurred at the age of eighty-one years. John Phillips, his son, was born in Loudoun county, Va., and in early manhood removed to Athens county, Ohio, and was married there to Miss Esther Batchelor, whose father had been a soldier of the War of 181"2, and her grandfather an old Revolutionary soldier. The Batchelors were of English descent and old settlers of the State of Maine, and pioneers of Athens county, Ohio. Mrs. Phillips' brothers and sisters that are re- membered were: Daniel, William, Ollie, Polly, Nancy and Abigail. In 1836 Mr. Phillips came to the new county of Elkhart, Ind., and entered land which his son Peter now owns. To him and his wife seven children were given, all of whom attained mature years: Benjamin, William, Sallie, Eliza, Adaline, Levina, and Peter. Mr. Phillips entered eighty acres of land covered with timber; built a log cabin thereon and gradually began to clear up his land, but besides this, had sixty acres in Clinton township. He was always industrious, thrifty and honest, and politically was a Jeffersonian Democrat. His death, which occurred at the age of sixty-nine years, August 15, 1872, was universally regretted, for he was one of the county's most progressive citizens and was highly esteemed for his upright character and his sterling integrity. His wife was a member of the Christian Church. Their son Peter, the subject of this sketch, was born on his father's farm in this township, January 25, 1840, and was early innured to the vicissitudes of pioneer life. AVhat education he secured in his youth was obtained in the old log school house of those days, and this knowledge he has since greatly increased by reading and contact with the business afFairsof life. In addition to becoming familiar with the duties of farming, he also learned the carpenter' s trade of his father, who followed that calling from an early day and exchanged work with his neighbors. He took for his com- panion through life, Elizabeth, daughter of Lewis Williams, who was of Irish descent and was one of the first settlers of Kosciusko county, Ind., to which region he removed from Ohio. He reared four children: Elizabeth, John D., William W. and Jane. Mr. Williams is now residing in Miami county, Kan., and has attained to the age of seventy-four years. He has married twice, his second wife being Miss Mary Miller, by whom he became the father of four children. He has followed the calling of agriculture throughout life and is now in good circumstances. He and his wife are earnest members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After his mar- riage Peter Phillips remained on the old homestead; bought out the other heirs of the property and by industry and thrift added to the original tract until he now owns 240 acres. In 1881 he erected a substantial brick residence — one of the finest in the township, and his farm buildings are all substantial and kept in good repair. He is what may be termed a thrifty and prudent farmer, and everything about his place indicates that a man of intelligence and sound judgment has control of affairs. His farm is one of the most valuable in the township, for besides being exceedingly fertile it is well supplied with a number of fine springs of pure cold water, which makes it well adapted to the raising of stock. Ten children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Phillips: Alice M., Lewis F., Esther E., Carrie M., Warren W., Orrin E., Nora B., William B. , Clarence C. and Grover C. Mr. Phillips has held the office of township trustee two terms, and politically is a stanch Democrat. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and he is a very public-spirited gentle- man; has been a member of the school board a number of terms and has also held the position of road supervisor. He is giving his children good advantages for an education, and Carrie M. has graduated from the graded schools of Goshen and has tauo-ht school three terms in Clinton township and has met with good success. J.4.C0B YoDER, who resides near Goshen, Ind., has been remarkably successful as a husbandman and at one time was the owner of 600 acres of as fine land as could be found iu Elkhart county. For generations the family have been members of the Amish Mennonite Church and were originally from Switzerland, from which coun- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 151 try they fled on account of religious persecution, to America and sought a home in the wilds of Pennsylvania, where an asylum had been offered them by the great law giver and benefactor, William Penn. The Yoders settled in Lancaster county and were a peaceable and law-abiding people and thrifty and industrious farmers and, like the patriarchs of old, whose ways they closely followed, they multiplied and flourished in the land. Christian Yoder, the great-grandfather of Jacob, was born in Switzerland in February, 1728, but in 174:4 he took up his abode in America and until 1775 was a resident of the eastern part of Pennsylvania, at which time he moved to Somerset county of the same State, where he was called from life in the month of November, 1816. His sons were: Christian, Solomon, John, Jonathan, Henry, David and Jacob. He was married twice. His son, Jacob, was born in the Keystone State and became a substantial farmer and land owner of Somerset county. He was also married twice and his lirst wife bore him a number of children, only David, Christian. Joseph and Elizabeth of whom are remembered. His second wife bore him children named: Mary, Catherine. Philip and Jacob. He lived to be an old man, was much respected in the community in which he resided, was honor- able in every particular, was industrious, and in other ways set a good example to his children. His son. Christian, was born in the old homestead in Somerset county, was brought up to a thorough knowledge of farm life in his native county. He was married there to Miss Juda Gindlesperger, who was born July 24, 1787, and died November 8, 1S32, after having borne him a family of ten children, all of whom grew to maturity with the exception of two, Peter and Barbara, both of whom died in childhood. Those who attained manhood were: Stephen, Jacob, Tobias, Joseph, John, Valentine, Daniel and Herman. The father of these children took for his second wife Miss Koffman, who bore him two children: Moses and Elizabeth. Mr. Yoder lived to be nearly eighty years of age and died on November 17, 1866, on his farm in Somerset county. He was a devout Christian, a follower of the doctrines of his church and lived an upright and useful life. He was at one time township collector, and in various other ways proved himself a useful citizen. Jacob Yoder, his son and the immediate subject of this biography, first saw the light of day on his father's farm in Somerset county, Penn., September 2, 1814, and there he obtained a slight knowledge of German, but no knowledge of the English branches. He early learned to labor in a thorough and painstaking way and at the age of twenty-three went to Wayne county, Ohio, and worked at clearing land, and was there married on January 4, 1837, to Miss Rachel Yoder, who was born June 23, 1810, in Somerset county, Penn., her parents being Solomon and Barbara (Miller) Yoder. Their marriage resulted in the birth of five children: Herman; Elizabeth, who died in early womanhood; Edward; Amos; and Jonas, whose death occurred in childhood. Mr. Yoder cleared a woodland farm of 150 acres in Wayne county, Ohio, but sold it and in 1847 came to Indiana and settled on his present farm con- sisting of 180 acres. As he has been prospered financially he has made additional pur- chases of land and is now the owner of some magnificent real estate which is very valuable. This property was mostly acquired by hard work, in the good old-fash- ioned way of tilling the soil, in which his faithful wife gave him efficient aid. Like their ancestors before them they are members of the Amish Mennonite Church; have brought up their children to the same belief, and thus have been handed down from father to son the religious principles of the early founders of the church. Mr. Yoder followed the example of his father and gave each of his children a good start in life, but reserved 177 acres in Kosciusko county. This family is an example of prudent living and of simple, Christian life. Dr. G. W. Spohn, of Elkhart, Ind., is a prominent specialist in diseases of the nose, throat and ear, and is in the enjoj'ment of a large practice with the better class of citizens in and around the city. He has always been a close student in his chosen profession and the result is every day seen in the large number of patrons constantly flocking to his ofiice, and he is regarded by his friends, and justly so, as 153 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL doing a very large business. Although the humanizing influences of Christianity are shown in thousands of directions, it is shown in none to a more marked degree than that of medicinal and surgical science. Notwithstanding the fact that Elkhart has many tine physicians, Dr. Spohn is ranked among the leaders. He was born in Concord township, Elkhart county, April 19, 1857, a son of Daniel and Mary Spohn, the former of whom settled in the vicinity of Elkhart in 1844. The Doctor inherits German, English and Welsh blood of his parents. He was brought up on a farm and like the majority of farmer's boys, obtained his education in the district schools near his rural home. At the age of eighteen, being of an ambitious and independent disposition, he secured a school in the neighborhood of his home, and was engaged in teaching for several terms, his leisure hours being devoted to the perusal of med- ical books. Subsequently he entered the Normal College, of Valparaiso, lud., where he took a scientific and classical course, after which he was employed as professor of sciences in the college at Portland, Ind., occupying the chair for a term of two years, at which time he resigned the position in order to still further prosecute his medical studies. He entered the office of Dr. Arthur, of Portland, a well-known physician, and completed his course in the Medical College of Ohio, at Cincinnati, graduating in 1887. He located in Elkhart in the spring of the same year and began life's battle against many competitors, aad in the practice or his profession he has gained a reputation that money could not buy. Not satisfied with what he already knew of his profession, he took a post-graduate course in the Polyclinic of Chicago, and a like course in the city of New York, and obtained much valuable experience while doing hospital work in that city. He has a nicely appointed office at the corner of Main and Division streets, well equipped with all the latest and modern appliaaces in instruments and electrical apparatus which he obtained at a heavy expense. In fact, the Doctor is not excelled either in New York City or Chicago in appliances for his speciality. He is a member of a number of medical fraternitie.s, is president of the Elkhart City School Board, and president of the Home Electric Light & Power Company. In 1885 he was married to Miss Elma demons, a most accomplished lady of Davenport, Iowa. They have three children: Vera M., Lillian C. and Iris H. The Doctor and his wife are members in good standing in the Presbyterian Church. John J. Newman, superintendent of the Globe Tissue Paper Company of Elkhart, Ind., brings to bear special qualifications by reason of a wide range of experience, close study of the wants of the best class of trade, and a sound, equitable commer- cial policy. This establishment has most influential and widespread trade relations by reason of the extent, superiorit}' and moderate price of its stock. Mr. Newman was born in Brown county, Ohio, August 31, 1826, a son of Joseph and Nancy (Jolly) Newman, natives of the Buckeye State, the Newman family having been very early residents of that State. The paternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of 1812. Joseph Newman followed the peaceful, independent and happy pursuit of farming in Brown county, Ohio, until his death. His widow died at Des Moines, Iowa, having become the mother of three children: Alexander, now of California; John J. , and David, of Middletown, Ohio. The subject of this sketch was onl)' ten years of age when his father died, and up to that age he followed the occupation of farming, but when thirteen years of age he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, and began to shift for himself, but first attended school for one year. Succeeding this he was a tobacconist for a short time, but at the age of fifteen years he abandoned it to learn the carpenter's trade, at which he served a four years' apprenticeship with one man, and was afterward with Pearson & Newton, of Cincinnati, for two years. When twentj'-one years of age he embarked in business on his own responsibility and con- tinued to successfully carry it on in Cincinnati until 1850, when he removed to Middletown, Ohio, to take charge of a plauiug mill, and subsequently branched out extensively in contracting, in addition to successfully conducting a sash, door and blind factory. He did an extensive bridge contracting business and also built nu- MEMOIRS OF TXDIAXA. 153 merous houses, in fact, conducted a lively business, which kept him constantly employed. He built the paper mills of Middletowu and converted the planing mill into the Titus Paper Mill. After remaining in Middletown until 1873 he came to Elk- hart, Ind., to build the Globe Paper Mills for Erwin, Tpp & Co.. but continued to remain here four years and built the pulp mills for Joseph Gregg and superintended the building of the Elkhart Paper Mill. His next business venture was as a bag manufacturer and later began manufacturing straw-board paper in the mills of the Baldwin, Sage Wagon Company, but this old structure subsequently burned down. He next formed a joint stock company and built a straw-board mill which was finally converted into what is now the Globe Paper Mill, of which he is superintendent and which is doing a very extensive and satisfactory business. When this mill was first started both white and colored tissue paper was used, but they now make waxed tissue paper exclusively. After their first mill was consumed by fire the present building was purchased, the establishment is in constant working order, night and day, and the product is shipped to jobbers principally. Mr. Newman is a stock- holder in this concern and its very efficient superintendent. They make a specialty of waxed paper, and Mr. Newman is the inventor of two machines for wax- ing paper, on which he has received patents. Thirty hands are given em- ployment the year round. He was a member of the city council for three terms and has shown much interest in the affairs of Elkhart. In 18-17 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Devall, by whom he has three children : William, Warfield and Charles. Mrs. J.iXE McCoxAUGHT has been a resident of Elkhart county for many years, and although she has attained the age of sixty-nine years she is still in the enjoy- ment of fair health, is very intelligent and retains her mental faculties to a remark- able degree. She was the only cliild born to James Frier, a Scotch-Irishman by birth, and a son of Thomas and Jane (Wilson) Frier, who conducted a linen bleach- ery in County Down, near Belfast, Ireland, close to " Eonan Tree." Thomas Frier was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was a man of considerable means. He died in Ireland when quite aged. He became the father of quite a large family, but only Robert. James and Margaret are remembered. Eobert came to America and settled on a farm near Des Moines, Iowa, where he reared a family and is still living. James, the other son and the father of the subject of this sketch, was born near Belfast, Ireland, in July, 1800, apd there learned the trade of a stocking weaver. Although he received only the three months' schooling in his youth, he learned to read and write, and being of an ambitious disposition, at the early age of eighteen years he came to America and hired out as a farm hand in the vicinity of Burling- ton, Vt., in which section he met and married Clarinda, daughter of Caleb and Marion Young, the former of whom was a stone mason by trade and a resident of New Hampshire, in which State he reared thirteen children and was called from life. His wife was a Hillard, of Dutch stock. After his marriage Janles Frier resided on a farm in Yermoot for five years, and there his daughter, Jane, was born on November 12, 182-1. In 1829 Mr. Frier turned his face in the direction of St. Joseph county, Ind., making the journey with three yoke of oxen and a large Penn- sylvania wagon, which he purchased in M'hitehall, N. Y., while en route. He also had a one-horse wagon drawn by a French pony. He and his family spent the winter at White Pigeon with a Mr. Olds, and in March resumed their journey, reaching Elkhart Prairie on the 17th of that month. At that time the snow was two feet deep, and a fierce storm was raging and continued for three days, during which time Mr. Frier and his wife and daughter camped on the east side of a large log and kept warm Ijy means of a large fire made of hazel brush. This was on the east side of the prairie and on a portion of the farm now occupied by Leonard McConaughy, Mr. Frier's grandson. The country was ftdl of Indians but they did not molest the Friers, and when they were seen were friendly. The family lived on corn bread and venison, for deer were plenty and easily killed; and in the spring Mr. Frier em- ployed ten men to split rails and plow up a tract of land, and one of these men was 154 PICTOSIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL so tired of the wild life in the wilderness and the everlasting " hoe cake " that he told Mr. Frier that if he would give him wheat bread to eat he would work for him for nothing. Mr. Frier brought with him from Vermont a bound boy named Will- iam Y. Wilson, who is now a prosperous farmer and respected citizen of Santa Rosa, Cal. Mrs. Frier had among her effects 13 pounds of tea, 5 pounds of sugar and 1 pound of coffee, which constituted the family's stock of groceries. They traded with the Indians for maple sugar and houey, Isut could not eat the sugar on account of the dirt that was in it, but melted it and made it into vinegar. Old Cookoosh, an Indian chief, often came to the cabin to trade with Mr. Frier and was very friendly. There were but three white settlers between Ft. Wayne and White Pigeon, as fol- lows: Oliver Crane, who resided near the present Goshen fair grounds; a Mr. Boyd, at Benton, who was a French-Indian trader, and Maj. Violett on the west side of the prairie, which was then two miles wide and three miles long and covered with tall grass. Mr. Frier went forty miles for his supplies to a point near Niles, Mich., and used to cross the St. Jo River near Elkhart in high-water times by swimming his oxen. In this way his grist sometimes got wet, and in order to prevent it from molding it was put up to dry on the roof of the house. This is but one illustration of the hardships the early settlers had to endure, but they were borne courageously and without a mtirmur, for they knew it was but a question of time when brighter days would come. It was five years before any mail came to the settlers from the Eastern States. By industry and hard work James Frier accumulated 030 acres of land, which he conducted in an intelligent and satisfactory manner. He was at one time associated in business with a Mr. Griffin, in Goshen, but the business proved disastrous and Mr. Frier paid the debts. In 1850 he was seized with the California " gold fever," and made the journey to that State via New Tork City and Cape Horn. He at once engaged in mining there, but like many other ambitious and enterprising men who sought the treasures of mother earth in the wild West, he had only been in that section a short time when his career was cut short by death, his dissolution taking place in 1852. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and their pioneer cabiu was used for religious purposes on many occa- sions by the early ministers of the Hoosier State. His wife died February 9, 186'2, aged seventy-seven years. The first court in Elkhart county was held on the threshing floor which belonged to Mr. Frier, and the cases were nearly all against the settlers for indulging in too much whisky. Mr. Frier was at one time collector of the county, and as the county was not organized he carried the results to Indianapolis in a pair of saddle-bags. His daughter, Jane, was married at the age of twenty-one, June 2, 1844, to Alexander McConaughy, a Scotch-Irishman from the Emerald Isle, whose mother died of cholera in Quebec. After their marriage this young couple com- menced housekeeping in Elkhart Prairie, and after clearing up a farm, sold out in 1849, to James Frier, and removed to about twenty-five miles above Des Moines, Iowa, on the Des Moines River, where they had a farm of 214 acres, on which they lived until 1852, when they returned to Indiana and located on the old James Frier homestead. Nine children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. McConaughy: James, Clarinda, William (who died young) Charles, Leonard, David, Elizabeth, Austin and Isadora, all of whom have been well educated. David graduated from the State University of Bloomington, Ind., and died May 7, 1886, at the age of thirty years. The* father of these children was an industrious and honorable man, and was kind and considerate to his family. His widow has seen the country grow from a primi- tive wilderness to its present settled condition, which result has been brought about only by great labor. She has been possessed of great strength and force of char- acter, to face, as she has done, the privations of frontier life and to instill in her children principles of truth and right. She has borne her part in life's battles faith- fully and well, and has found much comfort and consolation in the Scriptures. She has long been a devout and consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. McConaughy died September 22, 1866. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 155 Seth a. Jones is one of the honored residents of Elkhart county, where in va- rious capacities he has proved his claim to upright and meritorious citizenship. Israel Hess comes of German stock, the first member of his family to settle in America being his grandfather, Baltser Hess, who was born in Hesse, Germany, and came to America before the breaking out of the Eevolutionary war, through which he served as one of Gen. Washington's body guard. He was captured at the battle of Long Island, and was a prisoner for seven days. He was a shoe- maker by trade, and this occupation received the most of his attention throughout life, although in later years he also followed the calling of an agriculturist to some ex- tent. After the termination of the Revolution he was married to Miss Eve Hen- sel, of German stock, by whom he became the father of nine children: Daniel, Baltser, Moses, Sally, Eve, Polly, Betsey, Katie and Susan. Mr. Hess spent his first years in America in the vicinity of Philadelphia, but after his marriage resided tor a time in Bedford, Penn., and later took up his abode in Ross county, Ohio, on land which had been granted him two miles north of the city of Columbus, and on which he passed the rest of his days, dying a few years after his first settlement. A portion of this land is still in the possession of his de- scendants. In his youth he received a common -school education, was an excellent pi-ovider, in comfortable circumstances, and was an honest, straightforward man and a patriot. He died in 1806 at the age of sixty years, a member of the Lutheran Chmch and an old line Whig in politics. His son Baltser was born in Bedford, Penn., received a limited common-school education in his youth, and was an active participant in the War of 1812, stationed at Upper Sandusky. In his youth he learned the details of farming and also the baker's trade, and after his marriage to Sarah Immell he settled at Columbus, Ohio, and engaged in the bakery busi- ness. After a time he settled on 100 acres of land in Franklin county, Ohio, but in 1829 left that State to remove to Indiana, and arrived in Elkhart Prairie May 5. He found John Violett settled in a log cabin, having just arrived; also a Mr. Riggs and a Mr. Simpson, who had arrived the fall before, and Col. Jackson and James Frier who came in the spring of 1829. Mr. Hess brought with him to this section three yoke of oxen, a team of horses and two large wagons, one drawn by two yoke of cattle and the other by one yoke and the team of horses in the lead. He drove before him several other horses, quite a herd of cattle, sheep and hogs, so that he was much better equipped to begin life in a new country than the major- ity of pioneer settlers. Mr. Hess settled with his family two miles south of Goshen, on land which he had selected the previous year, when he had made a visit to the region. This land had been pre-empted by a man by the name of John Thornton, who had built a little log cabin, and for the improvements that had been made Mr. Hess paid him $17. Mr. and Mrs. Hess became the par- ents of eleven children that lived to maturity and reared families of their own: John, Elias, Mary E., Baltser, Moses, Israel, Daniel, Emily, Martha, Jacob and Lydia. These children were partly grown when Mr. Hess removed to Indiana, and his sons assisted him in clearing and improving the home farm. He was at one time the owner of 1,300 acres, but he kindly assisted his sons to a start in life and only retained the old homestead, which consisted of 600 acres and brought him in an income sufficient to abundantly provide for himself and wife throughout life. They were earnest members of the Baptist Church, and he was a local minister of that denomination, his house being the stopping place of the early preachers who came to the region. They found in Mr. Hess an admirable aid in establishing and organizing clmrches, and he was also very active in advancing the cause of education by erecting school houses, and while serving as trustee of his school district endeavored to procure good teachers. He was a strongly built man, possessed a good constitution, and succeeded in establishing a good home, where he reared a large family to honorable manhood and womanhood. In fact, his value as a pioneer was inestimable; for he was enterprising, public 156 PICTORIAL AND BIOGIiAPIIICAL spirited and well to do, and did not selfishly use his means for his own benefit aloue, but was liberal in his contributions to worthy enterprises. His son Israel was born in Franklin county, Ohio, September 28, 1818, ou his father's farm, but his youth was almost entirely devoid of school advantages, for his time was almost wholly de- voted to assisting to clean and till the home farm. He was in his twelfth year when he came to Indiana, and in Elkhart Prairie he grew to manhood. Indians at that time were quite numerous throughout that section, and often came to his home to trade with his father. Deer and wild turkeys were not plentiful in the region until after the Indians had left the country, but the streams were full of fish, and prairie chickens abounded. Mr. Hess went to the first school ever held in Elkhart Prairie, taught by a Mr. Smith in his own cabin on congressional land, which, when surveyed, became school land which was not subject to pre-emp- tion, and the latter was obliged to move to other quarters soon after. Young Israel helped to clear away the brush which bordered the margin of the prairie, much of which was kept back by fires started by the Indians, but which has since been allowed to grow and now constitutes good timber land. The prairie was covered with sage grass, and in the woodland openings the wild pea-vine grew luxuriously, on which the cattle subsisted. Mr. Hess' father obtained his supplies at Michigan City, some sixty-five miles away, but the wants of the fam- ily were very simple, and they were content with what they could obtain from their own land. He first laid in a supply of corn meal at Fort Wayne, sufficient to last the family until a crop could be raised, and as soon as roasting ears were large enough, the family lived largely on them and afterward ground the ripe corn and made meal. At the age of twenty-one Israel Hess began to work for him- self ou Some woodland which had been given him by his father, upon which there had not been a tree felled, but this land he afterward sold and was given 205 acres of laud in Kosciusko county, Ind., by his father, which was also timber land. He cleared 100 acres of this farm, but at the end of ten years, or in 1863, he came to his present fine farm of 200 acres, then a cultivated and improved farm. Here he has made many valuable improvements, erecting an excellent barn and a sub- stantial brick residence. The daughter of John B. and Susannah (Ditmore) Cripe, Eosanna Cripe, became his wife and has borne him seven children: Mary E., Sey- mour, Moses, Cassius M. , Martha. Nancy and Ida L. Mrs. Hess is a member of the Dunkard Church. Mr. Hess has given all his children good educations, and stands high as an industrious and honorable citizen. He is now seventy-four j-ears of age, but is still vigorous and hale, the result of a naturally good constitution and right living. Mr. Hess originally was a Whig in politics, and at the organiza- tion of the Republican party in 1856 he joined himself to it. His reasons, as he says, for being a Republican are that the party of his choice is American, and that the Government was founded in liberty and his ancestors bore an humble yet important part in superseding the lion with the eagle. Feank L. Goff, photographer. In few branches of art or science have such de- velopments or perfected improvements been made as in photography and no estab- lishment in Elkhart county shows more conclusive proof of this assertion than that of Frank L. Goff. This gentleman is an artist of well-known reputation and wher- ever his works are exhibited they are recognized as of superior quality and finish. Mr. Goff was born in Coldwater, Slich., April 2, 1845, a son of Dorset J. and Julia (Terrill) Goff, the former of whom was born in Courtland county, N. Y. , and the latter in Ashtabula, Ohio. Dorset J. Goff became a hardware merchant of Cold- water, Mich., and died in Burr Oak, Mich., of which town he was mayor at the time of his death. He had three sons and one daughter, the subject of this sketch being the eldest of the family. He was reared in his native town and was educated there and at Hillsdale, Mich., but in 1863, removed to Buffalo, N. Y.. where he was em- ployed in the wholesale hardware business of Sidney Shepherd & Co. , with whom he remained five years, two subsequent years being spent with the Western Insur- MEMOIRS OF IXDI^INA. 157 ance Company, of Buffalo. At the eud of this time the death of his father called him to Burr Oak, where he remained for some time studying music and the art of photography. la 1S77 he came to Elkhart and purchased a photograph gallery of Daniel W. Smith and has conducted a successful business ever since. He has occu- pied his present quarters since December, 1881, and it is needless to add that Mr. Goff's patrons are of the refined and cultivated classes, who appreciate art at its true value. His reception rooms are well and tastefully fitted up, and his studio is one of the most attractive in Elkhart. He executes photography in all its branches, and produces in all his work the best and most beautiful effects. Socially he is a gentleman and an honest and upright business man.- Many pages of this book are adorned with portraits reproduced from negatives by Goff. David Miller, son of Elder Jacob Miller, whose sketch appears in this work, was born in Franklin county, Va., about the year 1788, and in 1800 removed with his parents to Ohio, and grew to manhood in the vicinity of Dayton, and was there united in marriage with Sarah Hardman. He afterward settled in Wayne county, Ind., and in 1829 came to St. Joseph county to select a home, and in the spring of 1830 brought his family here to settle on a farm four miles west of South Bend in German township, where he had entered between five hundred and six hundred acres of land. Here he improved a large tract, and with characteristic generosity granted portions of the same to his children. When about twenty-five years of age Mr. Miller became a minister of the German Baptist Church, and was an eminent, worthy and eloquent minister of the gospel until his death, and was highly honored and respected for his exemplary life and generosity by all who knew him. According to the belief and custom of the church he never received any financial remuneration for his services. He was an intelligent farmer and good business man, and as he was also a hard worker and a careful manager he accumulated a good property. He died on the homestead in German township on the farm which he had entered and labored to improve. His widow survived him until June 2, 1850, having borne him the following children: Elizabeth; Aaron, who was an earnest and capable minister of the German Baptist Church, and died in South Bend at the age of seventy-nine years; Catherine, who married James Goot, and lived in German township; Hannah, died in infancy; Anna, married Robert Cissne; Phoebe, married Joseph Cissne, and lived in La Porte county; Mary, married Isaac Marble, and lived in German township; Sarah, married George Witter; Susan, married Philip Boone; David, married Elizabeth Hoover, and removed to Iowa in the early settlement of that State and there died; Martin, married Elizabeth A. Wills, and removed to Iowa, settling near Des Moines; and the j'oungest child, Tobias, married Surena Jackson, moved to Kansas, and in that State spent the remainder of his days. Daniel H. Miller, of South Bend, was born June 18, 1831, in German township, a son of David and Sarah (Hardman) Miller. On the old homestead his boyhood and early manhood was passed, and the district schools of the township afforded him his education. December 4, 1852, he took a wife in the person of Mary O. Price, who was born July 8, 1833, in German township, daughter of Joshua M. and Frances (Huston) Price, the former a native of Kentucky, and the latter of Ohio. They came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , in the spring of 1833, and in German township made their home for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Price were the parents of two children, one of whom died in infancy. Mrs. Price died March 27, 1889, in South Bend, and Mr. Price survives her and makes his home with his daughter Mary, being over eight-one years of age. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Miller located on a farm in Warren township, and three years lated settled on a farm of eighty acres, the greater portion of which Mr. Miller cleared and improved. His industry was rewarded, and since his retire- ment from the active duties of life in 1879, he has enjoyed a comfortable com- petency. He is a resident of South Bend and there owns valuable residence property. Mr. Miller and his wife have two adopted children: Byall T. and Viola 158 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL A., who married Adam Kollar. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are members of the Univer- salist Church, and in politics he is a Republican. They both possess admirable traits of character and naturally have numerous friends. IsAi.4_H VioLETT, an honored and well-to-do citizen of Elkhart county, Ind., is descended from an old colonial family of French origin that has flourished in Amer- ica since the first member of the family landed on our shores and songht to carve out a home for himself in the then wilds of this country. Isaiah Violett is a son of Major John W. Violett and was born on the old homestead belonging to the former, June 2, 1835, in the vicinity of which he received a common-school educa- tion in the pioneer §chool house of his day. which was supplemented by an attendance of the public schools of Goshen. He remained at home until he was twenty-three years of age, for he found that he could profitably employ his time on the home farm, which was a fine tract of land in one body, two and one-fourth miles long by one-half mile wide, and contained 750 acres. Besides this his father also owned other valuable land amounting in all to 1,330 acres, and Isaiah naturally settled on one of these farms when he started out in life for himself and in time had cleared 160 acres from the heavj' timber which covered it. Like all pioneer set- tlers he had to labor incessantly to accomplish this result and although he bravely endured the usual hardships, his efforts were at last crowned with success. On September 4, 1862, he married Helen C, daughter of Curtis Hale, and after his marriage he resided on a farm in Jackson township until 1871, when he purchased a part of the old homestead consisting of 147 acres of land, but later sold a part of this and gave ten acres to the Waterford Cemetery on the Elkhart River. Mr. Vio- lett devoted but little attention to farming, his attention at present being given to the purchase and sale of real estate, for which he seems to have a natural aptitude, as he has done, and is doing remarkably well in his line. He is so circumstanced that he is enabled to take life easy and quiet pursuits occupy the most of his time. He has traveled extensively in the United States and has several times visited the Atlantic and Pacific coasts. His descriptions of California life and scenery are graphic and interesting, for being a close observer no object of interest escaped his eyes, and he has the power of expressing himself in a fluent and interesting manner. Politically he has always supported Republican principles, but in no way has been an aspirant for political favor as the turmoil and intrigue of the political arena is not at all to his taste. He has become well known for his hospitality, for to his pleasant home his friends are warmly welcomed, and no one is turned from his door without a kindly and cordial word. He is highly respected for his many excellent traits of character and possesses those qualities of honesty, intelligence and energy for which the American citizen has become world famed. E. H. Pefflet. a biographical compendium of St. Joseph county, Ind. , would be incomplete were not mention made of the gentleman whose name introduces this sketch, for he is a man of much public spirit; he donates liberally to all public enterprises and gives his influence to every just measure for the promotion of the common good. He has resided in the county all his life and the people have had every opportunity to become familiar with his character and qualifi- cations and his good name has always remained unsullied. His birth occur- red in Warren township. December 30, 18-48, Joseph and Catherine (Burt- ner) Peflley, natives of Lebanon county, Penn., being his parents. The family originated in Germany, from which country the grandfather came. Joseph Peffley was a minister of the United Brethren Church and for thirty-five years preached the doctrines of Christianity in Elkhart and St. Joseph counties. In September, 1848, he located in Warren township, of this county, where he purchased a farm on which he lived until the day of his death, Jamiary 23, 1885. His wife was called from life November 7, of the previous year, having borne her husband four children: Simon, Henry, Daniel and Ephraim. E. H. Peffley l^as always been familiar with farming and has made that his chief means of livelihood. In the fall of 1873 he moved to MEMOIRS OF ISDIANA. 159 Greene township, where he has since resided on a well-improved farm of ninety-four acres, which, if small, is so admirably tilled that it yields a paying income. He has always been a Republican in his political views since he became old enough to vote, and his party showed its appreciation of his faithfulness in April, 1888, by electing him to the office of township trustee and honoring him by a re-election in 1890. He has displayed much ability in discharging his duties, and is in every way capable of filling a much more responsible position. In 1871 Anna Robertson, a daughter of J. W. Robertson, of South Bend, became his wife, and to their union two children have been given: V. Mariel and Clyde R. Mr. Peffley, besides thoroughly tilling his farm after the most approved methods, also gives considerable attention to raising sheep and thoroughbred hogs. H. B. Sykes, dry goods and carpets, Elkhart, Ind. The dry goods, carpet and cloak house par excellence of Elkhart is the spacious and well-conducted emporium of which Mr. Sykes is the proprietor, which occupies an eligible location and is in command of a huge trade. Mr. Sykes was born in Dorset, Vt. , March 18, 1844, a son of I. N. and Diana (Gilbert) Sykes, who were also born in the Green Mountain State. Richard Sykes, the earliest ancestor of whom they have any knowledge re- sided at Dorchester, Mass., in 1634, from which place he removed to Springfield, Mass. , in 1676. Victory Sykes, his son, was born in Springfield, Mass., March 3, 1648, and died in Suffield, Conn., April 25, 1768, at the age of sixty years. Victory Sykes, Jr., son of the senior Victory Sykes, was born in Suffield, Conn., September 5, 1689, and died September 12, 1749, at which time he was also in his sixtieth year. Titus Sykes, son of Victory Sykes, Jr., first saw the light of day in Suffield, Conn., June 15, 1726 but subsequently became a resident of Dorset, Vt., where he died January 7, 1811, his wife, Rhoda's, death occurring in 1790, after having become the mother of a large old-fashioned family of fifteen children. Israel Sykes, son of Titus, was born at Suffield, Conn., May 28, 1864, and died at Dorset, Vt., March 10, 1846, at the age of eighty-two years, having been a soldier in the Revolutionary war. Israel Newton Sykes, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born October 20, 1805. He was married in Cavendish, Vt. , to Miss Diana Gilbert, October 19, 1831, and their golden wedding was celebrated at Dorset, Vt., at the old home October 19, 1881, at which celebration all their children and grandchildren were present. The mother was born July 11, 1809. The father followed farming the greater part of his early life. He filled the position of associate judge for two terms and the position of probate judge two terms. For a number of years past he has re- tired from the active duties of life, but still resides with his wife on the old homestead in Vermont, at the good ripe age of eighty-seven years, in the enjoyment of a comfort- able competency. He and his wife were the parents of seven children, five of whom still survive. For forty-eight years there was not a death in this family. The sub- ject of this sketch was reared in Bennington county, Vt., and received his education in the public schools and in a seminary of his native county. He remained on the home farm until he was twenty years of age, after which lie left home and took a course in Eastman's Business College of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. , following which he was in a brother's store in Vermont for two years during which time he obtained a thorough insight into the business. In 1866 he came West and located at Belvidere, 111., where he clerked in a drug store for about nine months, then was offered a position of assistant cashier of the First National Bank of that place, which he accepted and held about eighteen months. He then made arrangements for entering mercantile life, and soon after formed a partnership with D. D. Sabin, in the dry goods busi- ness in that city, and the firm of Sabin & Sykes was continued for sixteen years. At the end of this time Mr. Sykes disposed of his interest to his partner and in 1884 located in Elkhart, Ind., in connection with J. H. Yourt purchasing the dry goods and carpet establishment of J. F. Hunt & Company. In. December, 1890, Mr. Sykes purchased his partner's interest and has since continued the business alone. He occupies a three-story brick building, equipped with an elevator, his establish- 160 PICTORIAL AlfD BIOGRAPHICAL ment being the largest in the city, and it is safe to say has the leading trade in his line. His is in all respects a leading and well-appointed establishment, where is always displayed an unusually tine and very complete assortment of every- thing in the lines indicated, every department being replete with the latest novelties. The prices quoted, too. are rock-bottom figures, and no inferior goods are allowed to be placed in stock, patrons being assured of receiving honest value and satisfactory treatment in this deservedly popular store. His business the first year amounted to §36,000 but has now reached the handsome figures of over 8100,000. He devoted one entire floor to carpets, curtains and cloaks, and a finer department in this line is not shown between Chicago and Cleveland. He carries a stock of from 840.000 to §50,000, and is now employing a force of twenty salesmen and women. Mr. Sykes was married in June, 1869, to Miss Louise S. Avery, of Belvidere, 111., and to tliem four children have been born; Egbert N. ; Mary G. ; Harry B. ; and Walter A. Mr. Sykes is a trustee of the Presbyterian Church, of which he and his wife are members. \YiLLiAii Blue, who is endowed by nature with such gifts as characterize true manhood in all that the word implies, is descended from an honorable ancestry, and his family tree first took root on American soil in the colonial days of Virginia, to which region his ancestors came from England. His grandfather, Peter Blue, was one of the pioneers of Fayette county, Ohio, cleared a tine farm of 200 acres from the wilderness and there he and his wife, whose maiden name was Susan Hazel, and who was also born in Virginia, reared a family of eleven children: Benjamin, John, Abraham, Peter, Jacob, David, William, Philip, Susan, Alice and Nancy. Peter Blue spent his life on his farm in Ohio and died at an advanced age. Three of his sous, John, Peter and Jacob, were in the War of 1812. Jacob Blue, his son, was brought up on a farm and was married to Charlotte, daughter of David Mortimer, of Maryland, an early settler of Fayette county, Ohio, aud eventually of Benton township, Elkhart county, Ind., in which section he died. After his marriage Jacob Blue resided in Ohio for some years, but in 1833 settled in Elkhart county, Ind., on some laud which is yet in possession of his descendants. An old-fashioned family of ten children were born to them also: Alice, Mary. Abraham, William, Margaret, Jacob, Peter, David (who died young), Susan and Benjamin. Jacob Blue's farm was heavily covered with timber but by the exercise of all his energy he succeeded in clearing it from the forest and made a good home for his family. His health gave way, owing to the hard work he had done, and at the age of fifty-two years he was called from life, having been an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years, with which his wife was also connected. To such noble men as Mr. Blue is owing the fine agricultural condition of the country at the pres- ent time. William, his son, the subject of this sketch, was born on the farm in Fayette county, Ohio, December 27, 1824, but owing to the fact that he came to Elkhart county, Ind., when he was but nine years of age, he received but little schooling. Thev made the journey to this section by wagon and drove their cattle and hogs, and Mr. Blue can well remember the trip. October 1, 1846, he was mar- ried to Miss Eebecca Grayless who was born in Ross count}', Ohio, Februarj- 20, 1828, daughter of William and Eebecca (Waugh) Grayless, the former of whom was born in Maryland and settled as a pioneer in Fayette county, Ohio, becoming a resi- dent of Indiana in 1833. He had a good farm of 160 acres in Allen county, on which he lived until his demise at the age of sixty-three years. He was a man of excellent moral character and was an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He was the father of six children who lived to mature years: Mary A., Elizabeth, Martha, Charles, Eebecca, Malinda and Cynthia. After his marriage William Blue settled on forty acres of his present farm, then covered with heavy timber, but his energetic efforts soon cleared this land and he continued to add to • it nntil he became the owner of 280 acres, 160 of which he has given to his children, and now has 120 acres of his own. His property has been acquired by his own MEMOIRS OF INDIASA. 161 efforts and with the assistance of his worthy wife, and they now have a comfortable home and are surrounded with all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. Four of their children lived to be grown: Silas, born February 12, 1S48, married Emily Miller, by whom he has four children and is a farmer near Sugar Hill; Christiana, born April 11, 1852, married Henry A. Snyder, a farmer of this town- ship by whom she has one child; Lonson, born March 3, 1859, married Lizzie Wil- ner, by whom he has three children, and is a farmer of this township; and Benja- min, born June 7, 1863, is a farmer of this township, is married to Miss Mary Hauey and is the father of one child. All these children are settled in the immediate vicinity of their old home and are honorable, respectable and useful citizens of the com- munity. Silas has been trustee of Benton township two terms. Mr. and Mrs. Blue are devout members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a fte- publican. He is a substantial farmer who has never taken part in politics, but has devoted his attention to clearing his land and properly bringing up his family and the result is greatly to his credit. He has always pursued a correct course through life, and for honest integrity and thrift has set a good example to his children. He is a thoroughly self-reliant man, but at the same time is quiet and unobstru^^ive and " pursues the even tenor of his way " without interfering with his neighbors' affairs and with no desire for public preferment. Alexander Dotson is a retired farmer of Elkhart county, Ind., who has fought the battle of life successfully, and after the burden and heat of the day, is living in the enjoyment of a competency which his early labors and perseverence won him. His advent into this world occurred in Bedford county, Penn., October 13, 1826, to Samuel and Sarah (Moses) Dotson, who were also born in the Keystone State, the father's family being of Irish origin, and the mother's of German. The paternal grandfather emigrated from the Isle of Erin to America at an early day and settled in Pennsylvania, as did also the mother's family. Samuel Dotson was an iron manufacturer and worked for old Dr. Shoneuberger, whose forge was in Blair county, Penn. He and his wife became the parents of five children that grew to maturity, only two members of which family are now living. Alexander was reared in Pennsylvania, in the subscription schools of which State he was educated. He helped to build the first free school house in Bedford county, Penn., at the town of Freedom, when eighteen years of age. He crossed the Alleghany Mountains and located in Venango county, Penn., where he was married in May, 1850. to Miss Catherine Downing, by whom he became the father of ten children, eight of whom survive: Samuel, Daniel, John. Charles, Mack, William, May and Nellie. In 1864 Mr. Dotson went to the lower oil regions of Ohio by steamboat, but remained in that State only a short time, coming to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1865, and here purchased a farm of 122 acres on "Two Mile Plain," where he lived a short time, then removed to where he now resides, purchasing 194 acres of land north of Elkhart, ■which he soon sold to the Hydraulic Company, with the exception of twelve acres on which his residence is situated and on which he is residing. This property is now nearly all in town lots. Mr. Dotson built the house in which he is living, and for his farm of 192 acres paid §11,500, but sold it six months later for $100 per acre, which netted him a handsome surplus. He soon after purchased 204 acres in Cleveland township, but after farming this land for three years sold out, and has since returned from active life. He is the owner of seven dwelling houses and a store building in Elkhart, and is in receipt of a very comfortable annual income. His second mar- riage was celebrated in October, 1891. to Mrs. Emeline (Yant) Courod, a native of Ohio, who became the mother of five children by her first husband: Edward. Hattie, William, Clyde C. and Floyd N. Mr. Dotson is one of the substantial citizens of Elkhart county, and has numerous friends who wish him well. His honesty is well known; his kindness of heart is recognized and his liberality and public spirit are unquestioned. John Hibe has been a resident of Elkhart county, Ind., for many years, and be- 163 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL loQga to an old family of Pennsylvania, to which State his ancestors came from Ger- many in early times. The father of John Hire, Rudolph Hire, was born in the Key- stone State, and was there united in marriage to Annie Iman, who bore him ten children: Jemima, Absalom, Elizabeth, Nancy, Jesse, Mary, William, Jacob, Rudolph and John. Rudolph Hire removed to Ross county, Ohio, when it was a wilderness inhabited by various wild animals, and there he cleared a farm, made a home, and resided until 1832, when he moved with his family to Benton township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and settled on the Fort Wayne road. At that time he was over sixty j'ears of age, but he possessed the energy and push of a young man, and entered 160 acres of land vyhich his sons cleared for him. Mr. and Mrs. Hire were members of the Dunkard Church, and in this faith Mr. Hire died at the age of eighty-six years. He was a thrifty, industrious and upright man, much respected by those who kuew him, and was especially honored and esteemed by his own immediate family. John Hire, whose name is at the head of this biography, was born on a farm in Rosa county, Ohio, in 1817, but owing to the fact that he was compelled to labor hard on the farm, he did not receive much schooling, a fact he has always greatly regret- ted and which he has endeavored to remedy by reading and contact with the world. He has been a resident of Indiana since he was fifteen years of age, and here he was married, after reaching manhood, to Miss Mary Blue, daughter of Jacob and Charlotte (Mortimer) Blue, the former of whom was one of the early settlers of the Buckeye State. A family of twelve children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Hire, eight of whom lived to grow to maturity: David, Eli, Malinda J., Lawsou, Abraham, John, William and Emma. After his marriage Mr. Hire took up his residence on the farm now occupied by his son William, and which was entered by his father and consisted of eighty acres of heavy timber land. This he cleared, after many a hard day's work, and as his means increased he made other purchases of real e-state until he became the owner of 200 acres in Benton township and 300 acres in Kosciusko county. He generously and thoughtfulh' assisted each of his children, when they started out to fight life's battles for themselves, and either presented them with 12,000 or its equivalent in laud. His wife, who was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was called from life, and Mr. Hire took for his second wife Mrs. Mary Brown, whose maiden name was Bean, and by her he became the father of three children: Frank, Ray and Harry. Mr. Hire assisted largely in developing Elkhart county, and may well take pride in his labors, which have borne such abun- dant fruit. His reputation for sterling worth and honor can not be gainsaid, and that he is one of the honored citizens of the county is acknowledged by all. He first affiliated with the Democrat party, but for the last twenty-five years has been a Repub- lican. Two of his sons, David and Eli, served in the Civil war. The former was born on the home farm, January 2, 1842. and received a good common-school educa- tion. In 1862 he enlisted iu Company I, Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private, and went to Indianapolis with his regiment, where he was mustered into the service of the United States. From there his command went to Louisville, Ky., from which point his regiment pursued the Confederate general, Bragg, through Kentucky. Succeeding this, David served in Tennessee and took part in the battles of Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Jonesboro, the Atlanta campaign, in which he marched with Sherman to the sea and was in a number of sharp skirmishes. Although he was sick three months at Laverne, Tenn., he would not enter the hospital, but remained in camp. He served his country faithfully for nearly three years, and in June, 1865, was mustered out of the service at Indianapolis. Ind., and returned home to turn his sword into a ploughshare. The following winter he attended dis- trict school, although he was twenty-three years of age, and on September 26, 1867, he was married to Rachel A., daughter of Richard D. and Mary A. (Cormany) Knox, her birth having occurred in Elkhart county on September 22, 1846. Richard D. Knox was born in Monroe county, Va., September 30, 1809. came to Elkhart county when a young man, and was married at Benton, April 30, 1835, his wife's birth hav- 3rEM0IRS OP INDIANA. 163 ing occurred in Preble county, Ohio, January 15, 1S14. Mr. Kuox opened up a good farm, and being a good manager, and industrious and honorable withal, his efforts were rewarded and he became wealthy. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and became the parents of ten children: Har- riet A., John A., Lucinda A., Joseph T. , George D., Rachel A., Enoch, Mary J., Richard M. and an infant son. These children received good educations and three of them became school teachers, and two, John and Richard M., became physi- cians. Mrs. Hire was a teacher in her youthful days, but after her marriage she and her husband settled on a portion of the farm on which they are now residing, which then consisted of forty acres of land which was given Mr. Hire by his father, and to which, by industry and thrift, he has added until he is now the owner of 160 acres of laud. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he was class-leader and steward and is now trustee. Mr. Hire is a stanch Republican, politicall_v, and although public-spirited and interested in the welfare of his section, he is a man of quiet tastes and has always refused to hold any official position, although frequently urged to do so. He is a member of the G. A. R., Stansbury Post, No. 125, Ligonier, Ind. Three children have been born to himself and wife: George A., Linval J. and Nellie E. Mr. Hire is a warm friend of education and has given his children excellent advantages. George A. attended the commercial college of Angola, Steuben Co. , Ind., and Linval J. attended the high school of Ligonier and took a course in music in Chicago. He is a skillful vio- linist and is a competent teacher on that instrument. As a soldier, David Hire was faithful and true, and was not afraid to face rebel bullets, as he proved on many a hard-fought field. He did able and active service, and to such men the country owes the downfall of the Confederacy. F. J. Goldman. There is no greater pleasure for the hand and pen of the his- torian or biographer to perform than in recording the life and achievements of a man who has begun life's battles under adverse circumstances, and through his own unaided efforts has secured the general acknowledgment of being an honest man, a gentleman, and has acquired a profitable and lucrative business. Such a man is F. J. Goldman, one of the leading druggists of Elkhart. A native of Berks county, Penu., his birth occurred December 6, 1843, being one in a family of six children born to the marriage of John Goldman and Elizabeth Shultz, who were also natives of the Keystone State and of German extraction. The father was a farmer by occu- pation and was also engaged to a considerable extent in the manufacture of cigars. The subject of this biography was reared to manhood upon a farm, and in the cigar factory, which trade he followed at intervals during his boyhood, securing only a common-school education. By reason of his father's removal to Stouchsburg in 1857, the better to carry on the manufacturing business, he readily began for him- self at the age of fourteen years. Commencing as a hired hand at $4 per month to a neighboring farmer, he continued this work for four years. Espousing the cause of the Union at the time of the attempted secession by the South, young Goldman enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry on August 8, 1862. Being mustered in as a private, he was immediately ordered to the front and participated in several skirmishes, and in these sanguinary engagements at Antietam and Chancellorsville, being taken prisoner at the latter place on May 3, 1863. He was conveyed to Richmond, was incarcerated in the notorious Libby Prison twenty days and then, fortunately, was paroled and exchanged. In the meantime his term of enlistment — nine months — had expired, and upon his release he found an honoralile discharge dated May 20, 1863, awaiting him. The object of his original enlistment not having been accomplished, he le-en- listed in February, 1864, and became a member of Company H, One Hundred and Eighty-sixth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. From that time until the complete subjugation of the rebels, his time was occupied in doing provost and garrison duty in his own State, and at the front, serving as deputy provost marshal and as United 104 PICTORIAL AND BIOGSAPIIICAL States detective. His tinal discharge bears date August 15, 1865. Eealizing that the great West was the place for a youug mau to seek his fortune, he started for California, but on reaching South Beud, Ind., found it expedient to replenish his shat- tered financial resources, and as a means to this end he secured emplo3'meijt in a brick- yard, where he remained during the summer of 1866. For two years he worked at various occupations and demonstrated the fact that he was eminently capable of looking out for his own interests. In September, 1888, he entered the establishment of A. Huntsinger & Co., druggists, at Mishawaka, and remained in the employ of this tirm for four years. He then accepted a position with D. M. Coonly at South Beud, but in 1873 returned to Mishawaka and purchased an interest in the firm of A. Cass &Co., remaiuiug thus associated for three years. He then disposed of his interest and removed to Elkhart, where he was engaged in clerking until 1884, at which time he became a partner with Frank Timmis, on the southwest corner of Main and Franklin streets, but later purchased his partner's interest and has since conducted a profitable trade alone. Mr. Goldman is a Republican in politics, has been a member of Auten Post, No. 8, South Bend, Ind., G. A. R., since 1866, is a member of the brotherhood of Odd Fellows, in which he has taken all the decrees of the subordinate lodge and encampment, iu which he held various positions of honor and trust. June "29, 1871, Miss Maggie A. Stonebrook became his wife, and to them four children have been born: "Walker J., Royal F. , Rita M. and Harry W. Edwin M. Elsea is a prominent farmer of Benton township, Elkhart Co.. Ind., for he has inherited the love of the calling which has ever characterized his ancestors and has had practical experience iu this line from his youth up. His great- grandfather, John Elsea. was born in England and came to America before the Revolutionary war. in which struggle he took an active part, rising to the rank of captain in the colonial army, being ever afterward known as Capt. Jack Elsea. He married and settled in Rockingham county, Ya., near Fredericksburg, and there his twelve children were born: Isaac, Lewis, John, Marion, Harrie., Rachel, Re- becca, Margaret, Mar}% Elizabeth, the names of the other two being unknown. Margaret became the wife of the first editor of the Cincinnati Methodist Advocate. Capt. Jack Elsea lived to be quite aged and as a husbandman was very successful, owning a large amount of real estate, the manual labor on which was performed by his slaves, of which he owned a large number. He was also the owner of a fine flouring mill for those days. He presented his son Isaac, with a number of slaves, but the latter refused to hold them. Isaac was born on the old plantation in Virginia May 5, 1776, and was married to Matilda, daughter of John Burgess, of Annapolis, Md., and to them three children were born: John D. , Eveline and Mary. Mr. Elsea became a pioneer settler of Muskingum county, Ohio, and from that section he enlisted as a soldier in the War of 1812. In 1835 he settled in Jackson township, Elkhart Co., Ind., at which time he was quite an old man, and there made his home with his son-inlaw, Adam Groves, until his death, which occurred at the age of eighty-seven years. John D. Elsea, his son and father of the sub- ject of this sketch, was born in Rockingham county, Va., in 1805, and was twenty- two years of age when his father moved to Ohio. After residing there for some time he removed to Wayne county, Ind. . and there took for his life companion Sarah, daughter of Taleutine and Martha (McCormick) Fleahart, the former of whom was a farmer of Rush county, Ind. In 1831 Mr. Elsea settled in Benton township, Elkhart county, and two years later took up his residence on the farm on which the subject of this sketch is now residing. His wife bore him two daughters: Matilda and Martha J., but did not live to see them grow up. her death occurring when they were very small children. Mary, the daughter of Rudolph and Xauc_y (Inmau) Hire, became his second wife, and iu due course of time was the mother of seven children, who lived to maturity: Rudolph, Mary. James, Nancy. Elma. Edwin and John. Politically Mr. Elsea was a Democrat and held the offices of justice of the peace two years and couuty commissioner two terms. He was very ^5^^ MEMOrns OF IXn/ANA. 167 energetic and enterprising and was the first man to introduce Durham cattle into the county, an example that was followed by many others when it was found to be a paying investment. He was a man of unquestioned integrity and was made ad- ministrator of a number of estates. He was class leader and steward in the Meth- odist Church, in the doctrines of which he was a firm h>eliever and of which he was an earnest member, up to the time of his death, which occurred when he was fifty- seven years of age. He was a stanch Union man during the Civil war and sent one son, Rudolph H. , to tight for his country, the latter was a member of Company I, Seventy-fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served six months as a private and died in Teane.ssee of sickness contracted while in the serv- ice. Edwin iL Elsea, son of John D.. was born on the old homestead in Benton township May 7, 1854, and in his boyhood was given the advantages of the common schools in the vicinity of his home, and his knowledge has since been strengthened and increased by reading and contact with the world and the business affairs of life. He was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Charlotte (Flen) Chatten. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Elsea has resulted in the birth of two chil- dren: Ray C. and Roy H. (^twins), V.)orn August 5, 1881. Mr. Elsea is the owner of 145 acres of land and is a progressive and enterprising tiller of the soil. He is a deservedly popular man and is well known for his integrity and general intelligence, which renders him a leader in enterprises which are brought before the public. He is a Democrat politically. The Elseas have resided on the farm on which Edwin M. is residing for over fifty years. Alexandeb Gordon. Alexander Gordon, one of the best known and most pro- gressive farmers of Elkhart county, is a native of Westmoreland county, Penn.,born January 20, 1828. John Gordon, his father, was a native of the Keystone State, a farmer by occu[)ation. although for a number of years he operated a wool-cariling machine. He married Nancy Hamilton for his first wife, who died after bearing a large family of children; he then married Mrs. Eleanor Johnson, whose maiden name was McWilliams, a widow with four children, and by her became the father of six children, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. Alexander Gordon, at the age of eight years, was left fatherless, and the family in destitute circum- stances because of the liberality of the father in accommodating his friends bv going security. Practicnlly at this age he began struggling with adversity for the pur- pose of securing to himself and others the comforts of home. His youth and early manhood were passed as a farm laborer, the wages received rarely e.\cefeding $8 per month. While yet in his teens he found employment in the lumber regions of northwestern Pennsylvania, and later was engaged in that business upon his own responsibility. To those who never experienced the actual life of a lumberman, that career does not seem to be any more filled with hardships than many others; but such was not the case in those days. After swinging the ax day after day in the forest, the timber would be taken to the river, lashed together and rafted to the markets of Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville and other points, the workers being exposed to the fury of the prevailing storms. It required men of e.xcellent phys- ique and constitution to do this work, and men of brain, grit and determination to make it a success. Until 1872 Mr. Gordon continued this business and bv the hardest of work accumulated a fair competency. Desiring to give his children better educational advantages than he had, he sold his lumber interests advantage- ously, moved to Elkhart county, lud., in the year atjove stated, and purchasing a tract of land engaged in agricultural pursuits. The county has ever since been his home and farming his occupation, except for the past six years he has resided in the city of Elkhart, and besides his beautiful home, he is the owner of about 400 acres of land in this county and 550 acres in Emmett county, Iowa. Mr. Gordon's edu- cational advantages were very limited being confined to times when he could secure no work and when he possessed suitable and sufficient clothing. Inheriting the combat- ive nature of the Irish, and the high principles of integrity and industryof the Scotch 168 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL from hig ancestors, he has applied both, notoaly ia the acoumulation of tliis world's goo.ls, but in securiag a fair ediicatioa by extended readings. In Elkhart county, where he is best known, Mr. Gordon coiuiuaads universal respect for his honesty and morality, and is justly conceded as a maa of more than ordinary information and good judgment. In every sense of the word he is a self-made man. First a Whig in politics, he became a Republican iu 1856 and has since affiliated with that party. While a man of strong convictions, he recognizes errors in his party and so far as he is able strives to rectify them. The temperance cause has in him a warm advocate, and he believes it would be for the best to absolutely abolish the traffic in liquor as a beverage. While a man of much liberality, he confines his munificence to objects of education, Christianity and morality. Mr. Gordon was married August 20, 1857, to Miss Mary Jane McBride and to their union eight children have been born: Allen Hamilton, Albert Addison, Mary Jane (deceased), Margaret (deceased), Alexander, Addie Greene, Alice Alabama and William Grant. Mr. Gordon is an Encampment degree Odd Fellow, and while a member of no church organization is a Unitarian in belief. Joseph Stiver, Benton, Ind. The prudent ways and careful methods of the Teutonic farmer are conspicuous in Elkhart county, where so manj' representatives of the German race have settled, and Joseph Stiver is no exception to the rule. The early members of his family were residents of Wurtemburg, Germany, and the original spelling of the name was Stoefer. A Lutheran minister of the name immi- grated to America about 1712 and settled in Lancaster county, Penn., and was said to have been the first minister of that denomination to settle within the borders of " Penn's Woodland." He reared a family of children, and spent the rest of his days in the land of his adoption. Casper Stiver, his son, was a babe when his parents brought him to American shores, but there he grew to sturdy and honorable manhood and was an active participant throughout the Revolutionary war. He rose to the rank of captain and was very active in furnishing provisions for the Continental army, the supplies lieing hauled to the army by his sons. He married in Pennsylvania, bat afterward became a pioneer settler of Montgomery county, Ohio, in which region he took up his residence as early as 1806, having come down the Ohio river on a flat boat and landing at Cincinnati. The family prospered and became wealthy, and in Ohio, as well as Pennsylvania, they were substantial and representative farm- ers. John Stiver, son of Casper, was born in Pennsylvania, and was married there to Miss Wolf, who bore him the following children: Frederick, Michael. Samuel, Eli, Barbara, Susannah, Elizabeth and Catherine. When the family removed to Ohio, John Stiver was among the number, and in Montgomery county the remainder of his days were spent on a fine farm of 500 acres. He died at the age of eighty- three years, having followed the occupation of saw-milling in connection with farm- ing. His son, John B. Stiver, was born in Dauphin county, Penn., in 1804, and was only two years of age when taken to Ohio. Owing to the very poor school facilities of that day he obtained only a limited education, the most of his youthful days being devoted to tilling the soil and operating a saw-mill. Upon reaching manhood he led to the hymeneal altar Miss Catherine Bickel, daughter of Jacob Bickel, her mother being a Wilhelm. Their union resulted in the birth of four children; Susan, Barbara, Jonathan, and Joseph, the subject of this biography. After his marriage, which occurred when he was about twenty-five years of age, he settled in Montgomery county, Ohio, but became dissatisfied with his location, and about 1837 moved to Indiana and located on a tract of timber land in Clinton town- ship. Elkhart county, which he cleared and converted into a fine farm. The land which he devoted to the culture of agricultural products amounted to about 100 acres, but he owned sixty acres of timber land besides. On this farm he " pursued the even tenor of his way," and thus assisted in settling and improving two new counties. Politically a Democrat, he was much respected and helped to organize the township of Clinton. He was an honorable and substantial citizen, and his MEMOIRS OF IXDI.LN'A. 169 death, which occurred at the age of sixty-five years, was regretted by all who had the honor of his acquaintance. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and his wife of the German Reformed Church. Joseph Stiver, their son, whose name heads this sketch, was born in Clinton township, March 4, 1842, his youth being spent in attending the common schools and assisting his father on the home farm. After attaining a suitable age he began teaching school, which occupation he followed for some time, or until his marriage to Catherine, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Boomershine) Culp. About five years after his marriage Mr. Stiver settled on his present farm of 118 acres in Benton township, which at that time was partially cleared, and has since made many improvements in the way of clearing his land and erecting buildings. He has a fine residence, barns, etc., and his home, one of the pleasantest in the township, bears evidence of culture and refinement. Mr. and Mrs. Stiver have three children: Saloma P., who was a graduate of the University of Heidelburg, Tiffin, Ohio, is now a successful teacher in the graded schools of Goshen; Alice E. who attended school at Goshen, and is teaching in the public school at Benton, and Hershy A. Mr. Stiver is a public-spirited citizen, is a stanch supporter of the public school system, and is warmly in favor of public improvement. He is a Democrat politically, and he and his wife are members of the Reformed Church of the United States. Members of the Stiver family are scattered all over the west- ern country, and are numbered among the foremost citizens of the localities in which they reside. They were soldiers in the Civil war, and for years a newspaper has been conducted at Harrisburg, Penn., of which a Stiver has been the editor. William Culp, the father of Mrs. Stiver, is one of the old settlers of Benton town- ship, but was born in Pennsylvania. His father, Conrad Culp, was born and married in Berks county, Penn., and was the father of two children, Mariah and Henry. He was a farmer, and finally settled in Northumberland county, Penn., where he owned a good farm of 200 acres. He and his wife were members of the German Reformed Church. He lived to be eighty years of age, having been a substantial farmer and an upright citizen. His son, Henry, father of William, was born in Berks county, Penn. , and married Saloma, daughter of Henry Koler, their union resulting in the birth of eight children: Peter, Samuel, William, Benjamin, Henry, Hettie, Charles and Sarah. The father of these children settled on the old home- stead in Northumberland county, Penn. , where he died at the age of forty-three years. He was very industrious and helped to clear a good farm there, was very pious and was a member of the German Reformed Church. His wife was a Lutheran. Their son, William, was born on the old home farm in Northumberland county, January 17, 1819, was reared to the life of a farmer, aud received a com- mon-school education. He was married in Montgomery county, Ohio, at the age of twenty-five years, to Elizabeth, daughter of Abraham and Catherine (Cook) Boomer- shine, who became the parents of nine children: Henry, Abraham, Michael, Lewis, Daniel, William F., Elizabeth, Catherine and Sarah. Abraham Boomershine became the owner of a fine farm, on which he died at the age of eighty-seven years. After his marriage William Culp resided one year in Montgomery county, Ohio, but in the fall of 1845 settled on his present farm in Indiana, which then consisted of eighty acres of timber land, on which he built a log cabin and by hard labor eventually cleared. By diligence and thrift he has become the owner of 180 acres. To Mr. aud Mrs. Culp five children were born: Abraham, William H., Catherine, Sarah A. and Elizabeth S. Mr. Culp has been an elder in the German Reformed Church for many years, aud in his political views is a Democrat. He is a public- spirited and upright citizen, and has the good will aud respect of all who know him. W. F. WicKwiRE deserves special mention in this work from the fact that he is one of the oldest business men of Elkhart, Ind., and an industrious and shrewd man of affairs. He was born in Connecticut, near Long Island Sound, in New London county, March 25, 1828, aud is the only one living of three sons and six daughters and is the youngest born of Willard and Theoda (Chapel) Wickwire, the 170 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL former of whom was a farmer by occupation, aud so far as is known those of that name have followed agricultural pursuits. Connecticut, the land of his nativity, was also the place of his rearing. His educational advantages were limited to the common school and was more on the practical order than otherwise. Until about eio-hteen years of age he assisted in the work on the home farm, then, disregarding his father's advice to go to an academy to school, he went to New London and embarked in the butchering business, where he remained five years, and later con- tinued the same business at Norwich six years. In 1857 he started west to Mich- igan on a visit to relatives, with the expectation of remaining only a short time, but remained eleven months, during which time he imbibed such a favorable opinion of the country that upon returning to the East he remained there only a short time, when he again shouldered his grip-sack and started West, his mind being taken up with the possibilities of western life, and here he determined to make his future home. In May, 185S, he accordingly returned to Lawton, Mich., at which place he opened a hotel which he conducted three years, then took up his residence in Elkhart, and ever since June, 1861, he has resided on the southeast corner of Jack- son and Second streets, where he has kept the well-known hostelry known as the Elkhart House. It is altogether likely that there is not another case on record in the history of Elkliart when any of her business men have continued in the same place, at tlie same business and the same length of time as Mr. Wickwire, and but very few business men are now engaged in active pursuits that were here when he came. While Mr. Wickwire has never made any boasts that his house is equal to the Palmer House, of Chicago, yet his thirty-one years of successful business has pronounced him and his house in the category of A No. 1 country hotels. While taking no active part in politics he has always read and kept posted as to the news of the day, has served in local positions of trust, and is a Democrat. Besides his town property he owns land in Cleveland and Osolo townships amounting to 1124 acres. He was married in 1850 to Miss Myra A. Church, and by her he is the father of one son, Frank W. Besides this son Mr. and. Mrs. W^ickwire have two adopted daughters. Jesse D. Vail is a prominent pioneer of Benton township, Elkhart Co., lud. , and is a direct descendant of a family that dates back to the early settlement of the Middle States, some of its members being well-known and sterling men of affairs, who have made records for themselves in business life. His remote ancestors came from Wales and settled in Long Island, and two of the founders of the family in this country reared families. They were Quakers, aud took advantage of the liberal and noble offer made to all religious sects by W'illiam Penn, and decided to seek a home in American wilds. One of the brothers eventually settled in New York State, while the other one removed to New Jersey, and there founded the family of which the subject of this sketch is a descendant. Samuel Tail, the great-grandfather of Jesse D., was bom in New Jersey, on Bound Brook near Plaintield, where he owned a farm, reared a family and died. His son, Abraham, was born on this farm near Plainfield, about 1743, was reared to the life of a farmer, and in the State of New Jersey was married to Margaret Randolph, a cousin of the noted John Randolph, of Roanoke, the American statesman. To Mr. and Mrs. Vail seven children were born: Benjamin, Robert, Stephen, Samuel, Taylor. Mercy and Catherine. Event- ually Mr. Vail became the owner of 300 acres of laud in Fayette county, Penn., which was what was called a "tomahawk right," and was purchased by him second- handed, he receiving a patent from the Government. He cleared this land and lived on the same for many years, until his house was burned down in March, 1833. His wife died at the age of eighty years, and the last six years of his life were spent with his son Samuel, his demise occurring in 1839, at the advanced age of ninety- six years. His farm is still in the possession of his grandsons. James and Oliver, children of Taylor Vail. Mr. Vail was a Quaker, a substantial farmer, a respected man of great integrity of character, and until he was eighty years of age was sue- MEMOIRS OF ISDIANA. 171 cessfully engaged in the tilling of the soil. When in his prime he possessed a fine physique and was very strong and vigorous. A physician was never called in to attend him until he was over eighty, at which time he was badly hurt by falling from a horse. His son Samuel was born on the old farm near Plainfield, N. J., and as his youth was devoted to the tilling of the soil he had but few advantages for acquiring an education. At the age of nineteen years he went with bis father to Fayette county, Peun., and was married in Washington county to Agnes, daughter of Joseph and Agnes Griswold, the former of whom was a farmer of that county, and died a comparatively young man. After marriage Samuel Vail and wife settled on a farm adjoining that of the former's father who gave him $1,500, his wife, Agnes, having an equal amount. With their $3,000, 260 acres of land was bought, and on this they resided the rest of their natural lives and reared a family of nine children: Charles, Priscilla, Mercy, Hannah, Joel, Jesse, Abraham (who died at the age of live years), Margaret (who died a married woman) and Martha (who died at the age of four years). Samuel Vail was a substantial farmer, respected by the people, and held many township ofQces. He and his wife were devout adherents of the Quaker Church, and Mrs. Vail was a preacher of that faith, regularly appointed. She was a woman who wielded much influence in church affairs, but her career was cut short at the age of thirty-eight years, when just in the zenith of her usefulness. After her death Mr. Vail married her cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Griswold, and to this union four children were given: Edward, Agnes, Abraham and Lydia. Mr. Vail lived to the patriarchal age of ninety-four years, which was no doubt owing to the strictly temperate and healthful life that he led, as he did not inherit a very rugged constitution. He was noted for his great honesty, his simplicity of char- acter, his faithfulness to his convictions, his loyaltj' to his friends, and for his affec- tions and consideration in the family circle. He was an old line Whig in politics. Jesse D. Vail, his son, was born in Fayette county, Penn., March 31, 1814, in the common schools of which county he received a fair education, which was afterward greatly improved by contact with the world and the business affairs of life. He was reared a farmer, and worked for his father until he was twenty-three years of age, but in the spring of 1837 came to Indiana, passing through Buffalo during the great financial panic of that year, and witnessed the suspension of the banks, May 7. He had purchased a stock of general merchandise in Philadelphia, in company with his brother Charles, and upon reaching Elkhart county they located at Benton on May 15, 1837, where they conducted a general store for two years under the firm name of C. D. & J. D. Vail. C. D. Vail sold his share of the goods to James Banta, and the firm was then Vail & Banta. These gentlemen purchased a stock of goods owned by Albert Banta, but at the end of two years, owing to the financial panic of 1837—41, they were obliged to discontinue business, as there was so little money in circulation. Mr. Vail then borrowed money and bought 171 acres of land, which is now a part of his present farm. This was school land, and he lived on it two years and cleared a part of it. When in Fayette county, Penn., he had married, August 24, 1838, Miss Elma Cope, who was born in 181(5, a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Willits) Cope, and to them five children were given: Melissa and Margaret (who died in infancy), Samuel, Sarah and Lewis. In 1843 Mr. Vail returned to Pennsyl- vania with his family, and for about sis years resided on a farm. In 1849 he returned to Benton township, Elkhart county, Ind., to his land, which he at once set about clearing and improving, and through industry and perseverance has made it a model farm. He has added to it at different times until he now owns 215 acres, all of which is very finely improved. Mr. Vail was county commissioner from December, 1860, until the fall of 1865, and has ever been a strong Republican in politics. His father was a strong Abolitionist and his house was a station on the Underground Railroad, where he used to assist slaves to reach their goal — Canada. Jesse D. Vail was a strong Union man during the war, and was a member of the military board and assisted to raise men and money to carry on the war. He was 1T2 PICTORIAL AND BIOCrliAPHICAL enrolling officer in bis township, and at one time helped to raise $11,500. He was a member of the Republican Central Committee of Elkhart county for twenty-four years, and for many years has been a delegate to every Republican State convention, and was one of thefounders of the party in this county. After the death of his wife he was married to Miss Emily, daughter of Jesse and Nancy (Stevens) Coldren, the mother a direct descendant of Thaddeus Stevens. This wife died thirteen months after their marriage, and for his third wife Mr. Vail took Mrs. Sarah Prickett, daughter of Peter and Isabel (Jackson) Diddy, the former of whom was an old pio- neer' of this county, and settled at Two Mile Plain, on the St. Joe River, in 1829. He was a very prosperous farmer, and was one of the first associate judges in the county. Mr." Vail's third wife bore him two children: Elma, who died at the age of three years, and Emily. He has given all his children good educational advantages, and his youngest daughter has just graduated at the graded school of Goshen; Samuel C. attended college at South Bend; Lewis W. attended Erlham College at Richmond, Ind. Mr. Vail is now approaching eighty years, with mental faculties unimpaired, is erect in stature, and his eyes are yet clear and undimmed. The man himself is richer and nobler and grander for the experiences that each successive decade has brought him, and personally is one of the most popular of men, his amiable disposition and courteous manner endearing him to all who are so fortunate as to enter the wide circle of his friendship. Silas Baldwin, deceased, was a native of East Bloomfield, N. J., his birth occur- ring September 23, 1811, and was one iu a family of three sons and six daughters born to the marriage of David S. Baldwin and Elizabeth Kent. In 1821 the family moved from New Jersey to a place near Pittsburg, Penn., from where they removed two years later, to Warren county, Ohio. The following interesting account of their moving farther westward is taken from the history of Cass county, Mich: David S. Baldwin and his two sons, Silas and Josephus, left Warren county, Ohio, in March, 1828, for what was then known as the St. Joseph country, and arrived in April, camping on the south-west corner of Beardsley Prairie. They found food for both man and beast very scarce and had to resort to felling trees for brouse for the cattle, and to the woods and streams for food for themselves. They brought with them one horse, three yoke of cattle, one cart loaded with provisions, camp equipage, breaking plow, log chains, axes, iron wedges, etc. The weather, while on the journey, was so wet and cold, the roads so bad, and traveling so very disagreeable that their progress was greatly retarded. Through St. Mary's Swamps they made but three milea per day. There was only one house between Fort Wayne and Ben- ton at which place they found the Elkhart River so badly swollen from long con- tinued rains that a cauoe had to be dug out of a white wood tree before they could cross. The two sons, Silas and Josephus, then fifteen and sixteen years old respect- ively, after remaining until June, returned to Ohio, their outfit consisting of one horse which they rode alternately, a supply of provisions and a five dollar bill. In the fall of 1830 the boys came back with the rest of the family. Silas removed to Elkhart in April, 1843. He was a lieutenant iu the Black Hawk war and his rem- iniscences of that struggle are well worth publication. Prior to coming to Elkhart Mr. Baldwin followed merchandising at Edwardsburg, Mich., and then, on the 15th of February, 1837, he wedded Miss Jane Gephart. For a number of years he followed mercantile pursuits in Elkhart and was twice burned out. He was post- master from 1844 to 1848 and was then succeeded by the late Hon. B. L. Daven- port. In 1850 he took an active part in the struggle for the passage of the Michigan Southern (now the Lake Shore) Railroad through the county, acted as agent for the company in securing the right of way from Baugo to Bristol, collected the subscrip- tions himself, and upon the completion of the road was made the first station agent at Elkhart. In 1856 he became interested in the Elkhart Bank, but later, with his associates, organized the First National Bank of which he was elected cashier. Ill health compelled his resignation a number of years later and from that time on was MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 173 practically retired from active busiaess pursuits, confining his attention in looking after his varied interests. Beginning life's battle a poor boy, he selected honesty, industry and frugality as his guide, and by strict adherence to these principles acquired an honored name, a spotless reputation and a fair competency of this world's goods. In his early career he was what is termed an old " Jacksonian Dem- ocrat," but his political views changed with the assault upon Fort Sumter, and he ever afterward was identified with the Republican party and its principles. His life's labors were supplemented by the aid of an intelligent and devoted wife, who yet survives him. To Mr. and Mrs. Baldwin four children were born as follows: Helen Jane, who died July 24, 1865, the wife of Col. John W. Shaffer; Frank J., killed at the battle of Stone River when only eighteen j-ears of age, being at that time a lieutenant in the Union army, a rank he had attained b}' distinguished gal- lantry; Edwin A., who died in infancy; and Elizabeth F., now Mrs. A. K. Beards- ley, of Elkhart. Mr. Baldwin died May 22, 1889. The following appropriate lines were taken from a local paper containing a notice of his death: " He has done the work of a true man; CYown him, honor him, love him; Weep over him tears of woman; Stoop manliest brows above him.'' Henry Geisinger. The history of Elkhart county, Ind. , is filled with the deeds and doings of self-made men, and no man residing therein is more deserving the appellation than Mr. Geisinger, for he marked out his own career in youth, and has steadily followed it up to the present time; has grasped at all opportunities for bettering his financial and social condition, and as a natural result soon found him- self on a smooth sea and floating with a prosperous tide. He is well known in the section in which he resides, and the respect that is accorded him is but a natural tribute to his merit. He is descended from a substantial German family that set- tled in Bucks county, Penn., in which section Jacob Geisinger, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, became a well-to-do farmer. He was married there and became the father of sis children: Henrv, Philip, Betsey, Polly and Barbara, and one whose name can not be recalled. He removed with his family to Markham township. Upper Canada, now Ontario, where he cleared a farm, on which he resided until he met an untimely death by the falling of a tree. He was a member of the Mennouite Church, follower of Simon Menuon, and while in Germany had been per- secuted ou account of his religion and fled to the asylum that had been provided by William Penn in the wilds of America. He was a non-combatant during the Rev- olutionary war, and owing to his religious belief, would not take up arms, but nevertheless was loyal to the King of England, and after the termination of that war, like many other Loyalists or Tories, he removed to Canada, and was granted a tract of laud by the King for his loyalty. His son, Henry, father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Bucks county, Penn. , and in his earl_v boyhood removed to Canada with his father, where he grew to manhood, and was united in marriage with Miss Elizabeth Curts, a native of Bucks county, Penn., and of German descent, whose family left Pennsylvania at the same time as did the Geisiugers. They became the parents of fifteen children, all of whom lived to grow up except one, and the following are the members of this large family: Jacob, John, Henry, Samuel, Daniel, David, Joseph, Susan, Barbara, Polly, Nancy, Elizabeth, Cath- erine, Fannie and Sarah. In 1827 the father of these children returned to the States and settled in Medina county, Ohio, where he bought 160 acres of land, which, by hard work and good management, he eventually cleared from timber and brush. He died at the advanced age of eighty-six years, having reared his family in the belief of the Mennonite Church. He acquired a comfortable competency, and being public-spirited, enterprising and honest, be had a very extended circle of friends and acquaintances. Henry Geisinger, whose name heads this sketch, was born in Markham township. Upper Canada, January 25, 1815, and was twelve years 174 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPUICAL of age when he came to Ohio with his parents. Like the majority of farmers' boys in those early times, he received but few advantages for acquiring an education, but during the two months that he attended the common schools of the Buckeye State he learned to read and write, and acquired a slight knowledge of arithmetic. Like a dutiful son he cheerfully assisted his father on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, and after starting out for himself learned the trade of car- penter. He was married in Wayne county, Ohio, on August 31, 1839, to Miss Mary Garber, who was born in Lancaster county, Penn., September 1, 1814, daughter of Jacob Garber, farmer of Wayne county, Ohio, who lived to an advanced age. Mr. and Mrs. Geisinger's union resulted in the birth of the following children: Fannie, boru in Wayne count}-, July 22, 1840; Mariah, born in Wayne county, November 20, 1842; Anna, also born there April 3, 1845; Luciuda, a native of that county, boru June 11, 1847; Sarah, born in Medina county, Ohio, March 30, 1850; Henry, born in Medina county May 28, 1852; Catherine, born in Elkhart count}', Ind., May 27, 1855, and David, born in Elkhart county, May 10, 1858. After his marriage Mr. Geisinger resided in Wayne county and worked at his trade for six years, after which he moved to Medina county and bought 120 acres of land, heav- ily covered with timber, which he partly cleared before selling it in 1852. In the fall of that year he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled on the laud ou which he is now residing, at which time there were only fifteen acres cleared. He cleared the remainder himself, and through industry was at one time the owner of 240 acres of fine land. He is in good circumstances, has beeu identified with the progress and development of Elkhart county, and has met with substantial results in the conduct of his affairs. His good name is above reproach, and he possesses those traits of character which mark the honorable business man, the progressive and public-spirited citizen, and the kind, considerate and faithful family man. He is a member of the Mennonite Church of which his wife, who died on March 14, 1867, was also a member. David Berket. The remote ancestor of this family came from Switzerland to America at a very early date and settled in Berks county, Penn., where they were engaged in tilling the soil. The paternal grandfather of our subject left Berks county and settled in Somerset county, Penn., where he reared his family of seven children: John, Peter, Tobias, David, Fannie, Anna and Jacob. Berkey was one of the early settlers there and owned a good farm on which his death occurred. In religion he was a Mennonite. His sou, John Berkey, was born on the old homestead in Somerset county, and like the average country boy, received his educa- tion in the common schools. When starting out for himself, young Berkey selected agricultural pursuits as his calling in life and married Miss Aunie Berkeypile, daughter of Andy Berkeypile, a farmer of Somerset county, who reared a large family of children, most of whom lived to be very old people. John Berkey settled on a farm four miles south of Johnstown, Cambria Co. , Penn., shortly after bis marriage, and on this he aud his worthy companion jsassed the remainder of their days. Six children were born to his first union, as follows: Jacob, Mary, Eva, Peter, David and Fannie. After the death of his wife, Mr. Berkey did not wish to remain on the large farm, consisting of 700 acres, and the children were brought up principally by relatives, except Peter, who remained with his father. Mr. Berkey went to reside at Johnstown and there invested in a bridge crossing Stony River into Johnstown, where he kept the toll house for many years. Soon after settling in Johnstown he married Miss Elizabeth Ebbert, aud two children were born to them: Chauncy and Clara. Mr. Berkey lived to be fifty-three years of age and died in Johnstown. He was a devout member of the Christian Church. His first wife was a member of the Lutheran Church and his last wife a Baptist in religion views. Mr. Berkey was a mau of great integrity and for many years was judge of the elections. Thus he was called Judge Berkey. In politics he was an old line Whig. His children became honorable and respected men and women, and worthy MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 175 citizens of any community in which they settled. His sou, Peter, was well edu- cated and is now a wealthy banker of St. Paul, Minn., and one of the leading men. Another son, Jacob, became a Dunkard preacher and came to Elkhart county, Ind., about 1845. He was here made a preacher and assigned to a part of the district of Dainel Cripe, who was the original founder of the Dunkard Church in northern Indiana. James Tracy, another pioneer preacher, was associated with him. Jacob Berkey carried on his ministeral duties here many years, and then moved to Texas, where he was aceidently drowned. David Berkey, son of John, and the subject of this sketch, first saw the light of day October 14, 1824, in Somerset county, Penn. (now Cambria. count}'), and received, all told, about four mouths' schooling. He became familiar with agricultural pursuits at an early age, and in the fall of 1843, when about twenty years of age, came to Indiana. He bought an ax and engaged in clearing in this and La Grange counties, continuing this for two years and thus ac- cumulating some means. On the 5th of February, 1846, he married Miss Elizabeth Bonner, a native of Ross county, Ohio, born near Washington Court-house, April 27, 1825, and the daughter of Solomon and Elizabeth (Imen) Bonner. Solomon Bonner was born in Virginia and was of Irish descent. He was married lirst in Virginia, and by this wife was the father of four children: Susannah, born Decem- ber 6, 1799; Henry, born June 15, 1802; Chloe, born April 10, 1804, and Enoch, born March 14, 1806. This wife died in Virginia, and Mr. Bonner went to Ross county, Ohio; settled in the wilderness, and was there married to Miss Elizabeth Imen who bore him these children: Ethlinda, born March 14, 1811; Moses, born August 28, 1813: Catherine, born June 28, 1815; Hannah, born October 20, 1816; Solomon, born May 13, 1819; Abijah, born April 13, 1821; Rebecca, born March 27, 1823, and Elizabeth, who was born April 27, 1825, as given above. Solomon Bonner died in 1851, when seventy-seven years of age, on his farm in the township where our subject now lives. He was a soldier in the "War of 1812, and a pioneer farmer of Ross county, Ohio, where he owned a good farm. Later he came to Elkhart count}', Ind., and settled on the farm now owned by our subject. This was in 1832 and he moved his family with a horse and wagon and drove cattle and hogs. He was a member of the Dunkard Church and a man of great honesty and respecta- bility. After marriage David Berkey and wife settled in Elkhart Prairie; remained there two years, and then moved to a farm now owned by John Myers, in Clinton township, where they made their home for ten years. Mr. Berkey then bought the old homestead of Eliza Bonner and has since resided on this. Three children were born to them: Peter, born April 28, 1847; Mary J., born September 24, 1848, and Martha A., born August 28, 1850. Like many others, Mr. Berkey went to Cali- fornia in 1850, to search for gold, and with a party from his neighborhood crossed the plains with teams. They were six months on the way, and Mr. Berkey remained there about eighteen months, meeting with good returns. Mr. and Mrs. Berkey are members of the Baptist Church, and he has assisted with his means to support his church and in building the Dunkard Church in his township. His son, Peter, married Miss Lydia Stutzman and is the father of ten children. He is a substantial farmer near St. Paul, Minn. Mary J. married James Riley, of Goshen, Ind., agri- cultural implement business, and they have three children. Martha A. married Henry C. Dewey, of Goshen, and they have five children. Jonathan R. Mather. The family of which the subject of this sketch is a representative, is one of the oldest and best known in this country; and, unlike the majority of American families, they have carefully preserved their history which is recorded and published in book form. The progenitor in this country was the Rev. Richard Mather, born in 1596 in Lancashire, England; he was an Episcopal minis- ter, but was silenced as an uuconformist. He immigrated to the colonies in 1635, landing at Boston, August 17, where be became pastor of the Old North Church. After his death he was succeeded in his pastorate by hh county. Ind. In the spring of 1S30 Mr. Ritter came to this county also, and found himself iu Portage Prairie ou April o of that year, and located on a farm of eighty acres in Section 32, which he had previously selected iu the fall of lS2it, at wliich time he also became the owner of eighty acres of timber land. A number of other families came at the same time, and that year they all raised quite good crops of corn. Several of these settlers combined work and in 1830 seeded about 200 acres to corn, which Mr. Ritter says became the finest crop of sod corn he has ever seen produced in any country. That year they also raised some magniticent melons and turnips, but he refuses to disclose their ex- act size and weight for fear people of the present day would be inclined to doubt his veracity. He erected a log cabin on his property in German town- ship. Section 2i''." in the fall of 1831, where he lived for many years, and which he still owns. In 18t5t> he retired from active labor and purchaseil property in South Bend, where he is now residing. He also owns 342 acres of land, and is nicely situated to enjoy life. He and his worthy wife became the parents of a good old-fashioned family of fourteen children: Lueinda (deceased), Barbara, Sarah A. (deceased), Amanda E., Martha E., Aaron M., William H. H., David M., John X., Benjamin F., Theodore (deceased"). Lorinda and Clarinda (twins") and Elizabeth M. Of these children, Amanda E.. Martha E., William H, H. and Elizabeth M. are residents of this county: Barbara, now wife of Joseph Hard- man, is living at Prairie City, Grant Co., Ore.; Aaron M. and David M. are farm- ers near Spi-ingtield, Mo. ; John N. is engaged in the practice of law and in bank- ing at Columbus, Kan. ; Benjamin F. , a farmer and dealer in agricultural imple- ment's, re.sides in Castleton, Cass Co., X. D. Lorinda, wife of Q. A. Bulla, lives near St. Edward. Boone Co., Neb., and Clarinda. who married J. F. Buchtel, is liv- ing iu Kansas City, Mo. Two sons, William H. H. and David, served three years dur- ing the war in the t weuty-tirst Indiana Battery, under command of Capt. Andrews. Mrs. RiUer die^l February 20, iSliT, and in 1872 Mr. Ritter took for his second wife Ellen Lentz, born February 20, 1831, in Pennsylvania, daughter of Christopher and Han- nah (Davis) Lentz, who were of Scotch descent, Christopher Lentz was a soldier in the War of 1812. and for many years was a resident of German to\vnship. where he lived until his death, which occurred August 14, 1838. His widow survived him until October 27. 18tji). Mr. Ritter is a member of the I. O. O. F., having joined that order alx>ut the year 1850. He has always been a great reader, and possesses a well-stored mind. He rather favors the fniversalist doctrine iu his religious views, and in polities has always been an ardent Democrat. His record as an honorable man of affairs has reiuaiued untarnished, and as a citizen he has always been public spirited and law abiding. George Wittek has been a resident of St. Joseph county. Ind., for many years, in fact, was one of the very earliest settlers of the region, but was Ixiru iu t'nion countv, Ind.. October 23. 1817, to John and Anna (Mayer") "Witter, the former of whom was born October 23. 1782. in Lancaster county, Penn. Christopher Witter, the father of John, was born July o, 1756. It is thought that the parents of Christopher came from Germany. Christopher was a farmer by occupation and was MEMOIRS OF I y DIANA. 199 reared in his native State, where be resided the greater part of Lis life. His wife, Mary, was born March 9, 1763, and bore her husband nine children. She died in Pennsylvania many years since. Mr. Witter died in Union county, Ind. , about the year 1822. John Witter grew to mature years in the State of bis birth and devoted his time to farming. He was married May 25, 1803, to Anna Mayer, bom March 5, 1783, in Pennsylvania, daughter of John Mayer. Shortly after their marriage they became residents of Union county, Ind,, where Mr. Witter entered 160 acres of land which was covered with a heavy growth of timber. He cleared a small space, erected a log cabin and there the family lived for several years. Here Mrs. Witter died, November 15, 1832, leaving the following children: Saiuuel, Elizabeth, Catherine, John, Sarah, Jacob, George, Abraham, Mary, Anna and Susan. In May, 1833, Mr. Witter and children removed to this county and settled in German township, on the west side of Portage Prairie, having previously entered 160 acres of land there. Shortly after coming to German townsbij) he entered eighty acres for SI 00 and later secured forty acres of timber land for ?50. The work of the pioneer was again gone through in erecting buildings and improving wild land, but Mr. Witter's former experience was of great benefit to him and be made rapid headway in his improvements. This farm continued to be his home until his death. May 23, 1864. The eldest son, Samuel, had married in Union county, Ind., and in 1830 settled in Cass county, Mich., but a few years later became a farmer of German township, St. Joseph county, Ind., where he lived many years, his death occurring in South Bend. George Witter, the immediate sul^ject of this sketch, was reared in his native county until sixteen years of age, during which time be secured a practical education in the subscription schools then in vogue, and for two winter terms attended the district schools of German township. He assisted in the tedious and laborious task of improving the home farm, and to this end split rails, grubbed and followed the plow. Under these conditions be attained manhood, and, during his long residence here, has seen almost the entire development of the county, and witnessed its transformation from an almost unbroken wilderness into a thickly populated region, dotted with magnificent and highly cul- tivated farms. On the 16tb of Feljruary, 1840, he was married to Sarah Miller, a native of Wayne county, Ind., bom November 1, 1822, a daughter of David and Sarah (Hard man) Miller. After their marriage they settled on a farm which Mr. Witter bad purchased, consisting of eighty acres in the northern part of Section 30. Here be lived for twenty years. In 1860 he traded this land for a farm in Warren towrLship, where he lived thirty-sis years. In 1886 he located on the farm on which he is residing at the present time, consisting of seventy- four acres. He still owns 195 acres in Warren township. Since the organization of the Republican party he has always voted that ticket, and previous to that time was a Whig. He has held various township ofBces, in all of which he has discharged his duties in an intelligent and capable manner. Mr. and Mrs. Witter are the parents of twelve children: Aaron, Albert, Martin, George I., Harrison, Adaline, Lucinda, Caroline, living, and the following who are deceased: Elizabeth A., Mary E., Phoebe J. and John W. Mr. and ilrs. Witter are meml)ers in good standing of the German Baptist Church, in which they have kept the faith for many years. They have brought up their chil- dren to be an honor to them and in the good graces of their acquaintances hold a prominent place, as they fully deserve to do. JoNATH.ix Balteat. The agricultural part of any community is the bone and sinew from which come the strength and vigor necessary to carry on the affairs of manufacture, commerce and the State. When the farming people are comjKjsed of men and women of courage, enterprise, intelligence and integrity, pros])erity will attend all departments of activity and this is pre-eminently the case in Elk- hart county, Ind., and among those who hold high rank as a tiller of the soil is Mr. Balyeat, who springs from a good old colonial family of Pennsylvania. The family tree took root on American soil when a number of brothers came from 200 PJCTOUIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL the liver Rhone in France and settled in '■ Perm's Woodland." Thej- were young men, were married in the land of their adoption and three of the brothers settled in Philadelphia where they engaged in the foundry business, and the other brother became a farmer. From these three brothers descended all the Balyeats in the United States, who are now scattered throughout the length and breadth of the land, and among their numbers may be found prosperous farmers, business men and members of the learned professions. The Balyeats have been patriots and soldiers in all the American wars. George Balyeat, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, was a farmer of Schuylkill county in the Mauch Chunk Valley. He was the father of twelve children: Stephen, Leonard, George, Henry, Daniel, Eve, Jonas, Jacob, David and Joseph, besides two whose names can not be recalled. They all lived to a ripe old age and reared families, the death of Stephen occurring at the age of ninety- four years. George Balyeat died on his farm in Pennsylvania, an aged and respected man. Jonas, his son, was born on the old homestead in Schuylkill county, Penn., July 25, 1798, and, for his day, received a fair German education, and afterward became a German school teacher in the State of his birth. The Balyeats had, for generations, inter-married with the Ger- mans of Pennsylvania, and in this way lost all knowledge of the French language, and the spelling of their name also became corrupted from the French name Balliet, to Balyeat and other forms. When a young man of twenty, Jonas Balyeat went to Westmoreland county, Penn., to collect a note of S300 which his father gave him, and thinking he could find the part}-, he proceeded on foot through the wilderness to western Pennsylvania, but did not succeed in finding his man. He found a wife, however, in the person of Miss Catherine Hum, their marriage being celebrated in Westmoreland county. Their marriage resulted in the birth of a very large family of eighteen children, fifteen of whom reached honorable manhood and womanhood: David, Jacob, Abraham, Jonathan, Sarah, Aaron, Eliza. Phcebe, Moses, Joshua, Benjamin, Emanuel, Reuben, Mary and Marquis. After residing one year in West- moreland county, Jonas Balyeat (in 1820) moved to Richland county, Ohio, where he settled in the wilderness, cleared up a farm, reared his family and passed the re- mainder of his days. He and his wife were devout members of the Baptist Church, and he assisted in founding the Baptist Church in Richland county, in which he was deacon for fifty-eight years, and gave lilDerally of his means in its support. He was principally noted for his religious character and honorable course in life, and by his own efforts became the owner of 300 acres of land, which comprised the homestead, as well as a large amount of wild land in Van Wert county, Ohio, on which a number of his children have since settled and are now living. He assisted his children to a start in life, and upon his death left an estate to be divided among them and the heritage of an untarnished name. The latter years of his life were spent in retirement from the active work in the town of Van Wert, Ohio, where he died in the eighty-eighth j'ear of his age. universally lamented. Throughout life he was a stanch Republican in his political views, was a strong Abolitionist during the war and was a stanch supporter of the Union cause, four of his sons and one grandson serving in the Federal army. Abraham was a lieutenant in the 100 days' service, and was stationed in Maryland at Point Lookout; Benjamin was an orderly sergeant in the same service and died of sickness contracted while discharging his duties; Reuben M. was an orderly sergeant, also stationed at Columbus on guard duty, and Marquis L. was in Battery D, Ohio Light Artillery, served two years and was in several battles, among which was the Wilderness. Following this battle he was taken sick from exposure, after which he was made hospital steward. Jonathan Balyeat, the son of Jonas and the subject of this notice, was born on his father's farm in Richland, Ohio, February 22, 1824; was reared a farmer, and for the times in which he lived, received a good common-school education. On June 26, 1845, he was united in marriage to Margaret, the daughter of John and Catherine (Lewis) Gates, the former of whom was a son of John Gates, who was of English descent ^. /TK / ,^M. MEMOIRS OF TXDIANA. 303 and came of old colonial stock, the family having resided in the vicinity of Tren- ton, N. J. , for generations. At the age of sixteen years he became a soldier in the Revolutionary war, after which he was married to Margaret Marion, a native of Germany, who came with her parents to America at the age of four years. John Gates was a farmer and after a time moved with his family to Ohio, of which State they were among the pioneers. He reared a family of twelve children and lived to the extreme old age of ninety-nine years, his wife attaining the very advanced age of one hundred and one years. John Gates, Jr., the father of Mrs. Balyeat, was born in Sussex, N. J. ; was there married and by his wife became the father of seven children: Martin, Elizabeth, Margaret. Samuel, Jacob, Fannie and Huldah. Mr. Gates was a substantial farmer of Richland county, Ohio, and here he passed all his days and died at the age of sixty-live years. He was a man of strict integrity of character, was sheriff of his county and held other responsible positions also. After his marriage Jonathan Balyeat settled on some wild land in Van Wert county, Ohio, in 1846; cleared his land from timber and made a good farm of 120 acres. He did a vast amount of hard work during the nineteen years that he resided on that farm, but the farm became very valuable ere he sold it. There all his children were born: Elizabeth A., John W., Catherine J., Ansavilla, Marion A., (who died at the age of twenty-seven years), Walter R. , Edmund A. and Frank E. John W. was a soldier in an Ohio regiment during the Civil war; served in the 120 days' serv- ice and did guard duty at Point Lookout, Md. In 1865 Mr. Balyeat settled on his present farm, which has been his home ever since. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, in which he has filled the office of treasurer. His good judgment is respected by the people, and he has filled the office of justice of the peace for four years, and has adjusted the difficulties of his neighbors with im- partiality and intelligence. The principles of the Republican party are the ones which most fully recommend themselves to his judgment as worthy of his sanction, and his general information is extensive and enlightened. His son, John W., who is a farmer of lona county, Mich. , married Miss Sarah Cramer, by whom he has two children. Catherine J. married John S. Scott, a lumberman of Goshen, and is the mother of one child. Ansavilla married William Myers, a farmer of the township and has one child. Walter R. is a prominent young business man of Nappanee and was born in 1865; after spending many years in clerking in Elkhart and Goshen, he went to Nappanee where he opened a grocery store, and has since been prominently identified with the mercantile interests of the place; since 1892 he has been associated in business with his brother-in-law, L. Kohler, and the firm is known as Balyeat & Kohler; in 1887 he was married to Ella Snaveley, a daughter of E. and Elizabeth Snaveley, of Millersburgh. Edmund A. received a liberal education at Hillsdale, Mich., and in medicine in Chicago, and is now a practicing physician of Kalamazoo, Mich; he married Mary Walton. Frank E. married Mary Hasie, by whom he has one child, and is a druggist of Arkan- sas City, Kan. Elizabeth is at home with her parents. Cassius Caldwell fir>*t saw the light of day in the town of Burlington, Chit- tenden Co.,Vt., February 10, 1817, son of Matthew and Dolly (Knight) Caldwell, the former of whom was a native of the " Granite State." His mother, whose maiden name was Hannah Humphries, was of Irish descent and attained the advanced age of eighty-three years; her death occurring in Vermont about the year 1835. Matthew was reared in his native State, but upon reaching manhood went with his family to New Hampshire, where he met and married Miss Knight about the year 1815. She was born on Grand Island, Lake Champlain; her father being a Meth- odist minister. The Knight family was of English descent. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell, they made Burlington, Vt., their home for a number of years, Mr. Caldwell being engaged in the manufacture of brick. In the fall of 1836, the family emigrated to Indiana, arriving in South Bend on October 81, 1836; settling about three miles southwest of the town. Mr. Caldwell had made a 13 304 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL trip through this part of the country in 1834, and after the arrival of the family they spent the winter of 1S36 at the home of relatives. The following spring IVIi-. Caldwell leased some land and began the manufacture of brick, which occupation he continued to follow for two years. He then moved to South Bend and continued making brick for several years, then gave up the business to purchase a farm in German township, where his son Gassius now resides, and where he resided until his death. His wife survived him several years, having borne him nine children: Abigail. Cassius, James, John, Laura, Maleta A., Cornelia E. . Melville and Wesley. All these children are deceased except Maleta A. (Roe), of South Bend, and Cassius. The latter was reared in his native State and there received a fair educa- tion in the district schools. He also attended De Pauw University at Greencastle, Ind., one term after coming to South Bend, which institution at that time was known as Asbnry University. Mr. Caldwell was about nineteen years of age when his parents came to South Bend, and upon his father's removal to the farm in Ger- man township, he took charge of the brick yard at South Bend, which business oc- cupied his attention until 1S4S. In the fall of this year he decided to seek his fortune in the newly discovered gold fields of California, and had nearlv completed arrangements for the trip via New York and the Isthmus, or " round the Horn," when acquaintances in South Bend made arrangements to go across the plains, and Mr. Caldwell abandoned his original idea aud joined a company of thirty-one members which left South Bend. February 20. 1849. with ox teams. Schuyler Colfax, who was a young man at that time, made a farewell speech to the departing gold-seekers from the second story of what was known as the old Washington Build- ing. The trip to the Missouri Kiver was attended with many drawbacks and de- lays, owing to bad roads, etc., as it was May 11, wheu they crossed the ''Big Muddy." From that time on the party made very good time considering their mode of travel, and arrived iu the gold section of California September 5. 1849. Mr. Caldwell's trip to that section was successful insofar as his expenses and time were concerned, and upon returning home he brought with him some money which he had earned. His return to the States was by way of the Isthmus. He located in South Bend, where he made his home until 18 — , when he settled on the farm in German township, where he is at present residing, although he still retains his South Bend property. At the time the town was organized as a city, he was elected street commissioner, in which capacity he served six years, and also served as assessor of South Bend one year. Mr. Caldwell was married, January '1^, 1857, to Miss Rachel West, who was born October 17. 1830. in Pennsylvania; a daughter of Abraham and Anna (Ross) West, the former of whom served seven years iu the Revolutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Caldwell are the parents of three children: Charles \V.. John E. and Matthew S. Mr. Caldwell is the owner of ninety-sis acres of land, nearly all of which is in a fine state of cultivation, situated on the banks of the St. Joseph River. Mr. Caldwell and family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically he is a Republican. His life, with the exception of his trip to Cali- fornia, has been rather uoeveutful. but he has always shown those qualities which mark the useful, progressive and law-abiding citizen, and has many warm friends wherever he is known. Jebemi.4H Tboter is a practical farmer and substantial citizen of Elkhart county, Ind., has real estate embracing 233 broad acres, the result of persevering and hon- orable toil. He is descended from " Swisslanders"' who settled in Pennsylvania during a very early period of this country's existence, and in their religious proclivities were Amish Mennonites, for which reason they had to fly from their native land and seek an asylum in the wilds of the New World. They were followers of Simon Meno and a religious teacher by the name of Amou; were peaceful, law-abiding citizens, and their descendants, who are scattered all over the United States, are industrious, thrifty and upright farmers. John Troyer, the grandfather of Jere- miah Troyer, was born in Somerset county, Penn., but he became one of the early ifEMOIRS OF lyniASA. 205 •settlers of Holmes county, Ohio, was one of the first Amish Mennonites to settle there and was an honorable, hard-working farmer until his death. He was married to Madalena Miller who bore him six children: Samuel, Michael, Abraham, John, Mary and Sarah. The eldest of these children, Samuel, was born and brought up on his father's farm in Somerset county, Penn., and in his youth learned to read and write German. He was twelve yearsof age when he settled with his parents on their pioneer farm in Holmes county, Ohio, and was but fourteen years of age when the head of the house was called from life. He then began making his home with an uncle, Mr. Miller, and being not unfamiliar with the hardships and struggles of pioneer life on a farm, he early imbibed the ideas of independence and industry which are essen- tial to a successful career in any calling. Born on a farm, he involuntarily grew up with a better knowledge of agricultural affairs than one who was not reared to the life, and at an early period he was made to feel that he was equally responsible for harmony, justice and equity in governmental affairs as in social relations. He received the rudiments of his education in the district schools in Holmes county, and when mauhood was reached he led to the altar Miss Madalena Hostetter, after which he at once settled on a farm, and set energetically to work to accumulate a compe- tency for himself and increasing family. His wife died in Holmes county after hav- ing become the mother of seven children: Madalena (who died after attaining womanhood), Jeremiah. Lydia, Sarah. Samuel, Barbara and Annie. Mr. Troyer's second marriage was celebrated in Fairfield county, Ohio, Miss Esther Stutzman becoming his wife and in process of time the mother of his four children: John, Adam, Jonathan and Daniel. About 1836 Mr. Troyer removed with his family to Indiana and settled on the west line of Elkhart county, which was then a wilderness abounding in game, such as deer, wild turkey, wolves, etc. Out of the heavy tim- ber of that section Mr. Troyer carved a home for himself and family, but at the end of three years was left a widower for the second time. Later he returned to Holmes county, Ohio, where he took for himself a third wife in the person of Mrs. Sarah (Schrock) Yoder, the widow of Abram Toder, and their union resulted in the birth of eight children: Yost, Simon, Moses, Joel, Susan, Benjamin, Eli and Eliza- beth. Thus Mr. Troyer was the father of nineteen children, a family like the patri- archs of old. Mr. Troyer eventually became a resident of Miami county, Ind. , on a farm in which section he passed the remainder of his life, dying at the age of seventy-three years. He was a man of many sterling traits of character and his career was characterized by geniality and large-heartedness as well as the most unswerving honor. Jeremiah Troyer, son of Samuel, and the subject of this sketch, was born on his father's farm in Holmes county, Ohio, and although he received but little education he can read and write German. His early days were devoted to the farm and to carpentering and since his seventeenth year he has been a resident of the " Hoosier State. " When he had attained his majority he returned to Holmes county and was married there on February 4, 1851, to Mary, daughter of Joseph C. and Mary (Hostetter) Troyer, after which he returned to Indiana and purchased land in Miami county. In 1874 he removed to La Grange county, but since 1887 he has been a resident of his present farm, which is one of the best and most fertile in the county. His property has been obtained by the sweat of his brow and he has the satisfaction of knowing that it has not been obtained at the expense of others. A good old-fashioned family of fourteen children were born to himself and wife: Cor- nelius, Lydia, Mary, Sarah, Samuel, Susan, Barbara, Polly (who died after reach- ing womanhood), Jeremiah, Abraham (died in infancy). John, Elizabeth, Moses and David. Mr. Troyer, like his father before him. has always been an earnest Chris- tian, and by precept and example has reared his family to honorable manhood and womanhood, in which labor of love he was ably seconded by his worthy wife. She was born in Holmes county, Ohio, November 29. 1832, and died April 26, 1890. The Troyers have always been noted for their excellent characters and as law-abid- ing and public-spirited citizens. 206 PICTORIAL .\yi) BIOGRAPUICAL Jacob H. Chirhabt, deceased. In recounting the forces that have combined t» make Elkhart county, lud., what it is, more than a passing reference must be made to the life and labors of Jacob H. Chirhart, of whom it may be truthfully said that no one has done more to lay the foundation of the county's prosperity deep, and to build upon them surely and well. Mr. Chirhart was by birth a member of that valiant army of "Ohio men" who have had so potent an influence upon the country, his birth occurring at Canton on December 19, 1836, the son of Apollinaris and Mary (Meyer) Chirhart, the former of whom died at Canton when Jacob was about six months old. In 1845 the latter removed to St. Joseph county with his mother and settled in Harris township, but in 1865 took up his residence in Clay township, where agriculture received the greater part of his attention until his death, which occurred February 11, 1885. While a resident of Clay township he held the posi- tion of supervisor, and in everything to which he devoted his attention he was eminently successful, being especially so as a tiller of the soil, for prior to his death he had become the owner of 300 acres of land, the estate at present consisting of about 200 acres. On January 10, 1865, Mr. Chirhart won for his wife Miss Mary M. TaUey, their union taking place at Notre Dame. She was born on August 22, , in Hartford, Conn., to Alfred M. and Mary (Taylor) Talley, the former of whom was born in Augusta, Ga., February 19, 1806. When a lad he went to Charleston, S. C, and learned the printer's trade, which he followed many years. He was married in Hartford, Conn., January 15, 1832, to Mary Taylor, daughter of Solomon and Mary (Hawthorne) Taylor. In the early part of 1835 Mr. Talley removed to Chicago and purchased 106 acres of land near Evanston, for which he paid $1.50 per acre. He purchased this land with the intention of farrging it and erected thereon a house, but shortly afterward entered the employ of John Went- worth, as foreman of the Chicago Democrat, at 45 La Salle street, and did an extensive business for several years. Joe Forest, who is still living in Chicago, was one of the editors. When the war came on the business was closed out. Mr. Tal- ley had previously purchased 240 acres in Clay township, St. Joseph county, Ind., in the name of his children, and erected the handsome brick residence which adorns the property at the present time. At the time the Daily Democrat was discon- tinued Mr. Talley removed to his farm in this section, a short distance north of Notre Dame, and there conducted the publication of the Ave Maria at the college for about live years, he being its first practical manager. It was printed by hand press. He contributed much to the foundation and successful continuance of the magazine, which is now circulated extensively throughout the world. During the residence of Mr. Talley in Chicago he was one of the charter members of the Typo- graphical Union and its first president. After continuing the magazine for about five years his health failed him and he retired from business pursuits and until his death, on November 28, 1870, he resided on his farm. His wife died in Chicago on August 31, 1852. After the death of Mr. Talley, whose loss was greatly deplored by all who knew him, Mr. Chirhart purchased the estate, and on this same farm Mrs. Chirhart is still living. She bore her husband the following children: Mary M., Henry A., Edward S., Celia J., Anna C. and Joseph M. Mary M. is the wife of George McCreary, and resides in South Bend; Henry A. married Miss Grace Pearce, and resides in Chicago; Edward S. is at home and has charge of the farm, and the other children also reside with their mother. Mr. Chirhart took a deeper interest in matters of a higher character than mere material things, and not only won an enviable reputation for public spirit, as shown in his various labors for the material and moral advancement of the county, but he was also admired and respected for personal and social qualities of the highest order. Mrs. Chirhart and family are members of the Catholic Church. Joseph J. Stutzman. The remote ancestors of this gentleman were among the earliest inhabitants of Pennsylvania, coming to this country from Germany. Chris- tian Stutzmau, the grandfather of Joseph J., was born in Somerset county, Penn. , MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 207 was a farmer by occupation, and was a member of the Amish Mennonite Church. Jacob, Christian, Abraham and Elizabeth were his children, the first mentioned of whom was born on his father's farm. Although his advantages were not of the best for obtaining an education, he possessed a desire to learn, and in time could read and write both German and English. He was married to Fannie, daughter of David L. Lehman, a Pennsylvania farmer, to which union the following children were born: Samuel, Joseph, Moses, Jacob, Elizabeth, Barbara, Magdalena and Harmon. In 1867, while in his declining years, he moved from his old home in Pennsylvania, where the early part of his life had been passed, and took up his abode in Elkhart county, Ind. , where he was called from life in 1873. Like the majority of Germans he was industrious and hard working, as well as strictly honorable, and the lesson which his life taught was that success in life is the reward of honest effort, industry and sobriety. He was no idler or trifler, but an earnest, conscientious and persistent toiler, who deserved all the success which he achieved. His fine farm of 400 acres in Pennsylvania was very valuable, the proceeds from which aided his heirs very materially in gaining a foothold on the ladder of success. Joseph J. Stutzman was born on this farm December 22, 1839, his early education being only such as the common schools afforded; but during his walk through life he has acquired a thor- ough education in the great school of experience. He was married to the daughter of David C. and Susan (Miller) Yoder, Rachel Yoder, and a family of eight chil- dren gathered about their hearthstone in the coiirse of time: Daniel, Susan, Fannie, Jeremiah, Levi, Joseph, David and Edward, the two eldest of whom were born in Pennsylvania. Although Mr. Stutzman owned a fine farm of 300 acres in Pennsyl- vania, he thought to better his financial condition by removing westward, and the year 1866 is the date of his arrival in Indiana. He first purchased 160 acres of land, and by the exercise of all his energy, enterprise and judgment he has become the owner of 360 acres, and with the improvements that have been made upon it, constitutes one of the most valuable tracts of real estate in the county. Mr. Stutz- man has been a deacon in the Mennonite Church for twelve years, and is in every sense of the word a true Christian gentleman. His children have been given good educational advantages, and on various occasions he has served in the capacity of school director. As a citizen his good name is above reproach, and he can be truly said to be that nolilest work of God — an honest man. His career has been useful in the best sense of the term, and although he has never been ambitious to fill public office he has pursued the "even tenor of his way," and the result of his undivided attention is his comfortable and well-kept home. His father-in-law. David C. Yoder, came of Amish Mennonite stock, and was born in Somerset county, Penn. After attaining manhood and receiving a common-school education he was married to Susan Miller, who bore him twelve children: Polly, Rachel, Valentine, Catherine, Levi, David, Jacob, Susan, Jeremiah, Tobias, Annie and Samuel. Mr. Yoder owned a fine farm of 200 acres in Pennsylvania, but became a resident of Indiana in 1869. He was a highly respected citizen, and his death at the age of seventy years was universally regretted. Lewis Goolet, deceased. When a citizen of worth and character has departed from this life, it is meet that those who survive him should keep in mind his life work, and should hold up to the knowledge and emulation of the young his virtues and the characteristics which distinguished him and made hira worthy the esteem of his neighbors. Therefore, the name of Lewis Gooley is presented to the readers of this volume as a public-spirited citizen and an agriculturist of sound judgment. He was born in France, August 15, 1813, a son of Dewalt and Barbara Gooley, and when fifteen years of age came with them to America and settled on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, where the father and mother spent the remainder of their days. Lewis grew to manhood in Stark county, and aboiit the year 1845 came to St. Joseph county and took up his residence on a sixty-acre tract of land in Clay township, but by good management he afterward added to the same until he became the owner of 308 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL about 200 acres before his death. He was married, April 14, 1845, to Sarab Shilling, who was born March 14, 1823, near Oil City, Penn., a daughter of Fred- erick and Mary (Rees) Shilling, natives of Switzerland, who came to America when young and settled in Pennsylvania, where they made their home until their respective deaths. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Gooley, they came to St. Joseph county and settled on the farm which Mrs. Gooley still occupies. There Mr. Gooley was called from life on March 20, 1887. He was alw.-.ys noted for his industry, was a good business manager and acquired a considerable amount of property, leaving to his family a comfortable competency at the time of his death. A family of ten chil- dren were born to Mr. Gooley and his wife, the following only of whom are living: Jacob, Lewis, at home, and David. The seven children who are dead were taken away by that dread disease — quick consumption — deeply mourned by the remainder of the family. Mrs. Gooley has suffered greatly in thus losing her husband and children, but is devoting herself to the remainder of her family and to her many friends. George W. Showalteh. As a pioneer, Mr. Showalter has left his impress upon Elkhart county, Ind., and to no one who has any knowledge of the history of that section, is his name an unfamiliar one. For more than forty years he has resided on his present farm, and during this time he has been a leading spirit in promoting the material growth and prosperity, as well as building up the religious, educational and benevolent institutions of his locality. He comes of sturdy Ger- man ancestry, for, according to tradition, four of his name came from that country to America and settled in Pennsylvania, and for many years his grandfather was a suc- cessful farmer in the vicinity of Schuylkill. His sons bore the good old Scriptural names of Jacob, John and David, the latter of whom became the father of the sub- ject of this sketch. He was reared on his native soil of Pennsylvania and became a soldier in the War of 1812, during which time his health became permanently injured. He was married to Agnes Linville and to them was born a family of the good old-fashioned order, consisting of twelve members: Benjamin, Matthias, John, David, George, William, Lewis, Melvina. Ann, Catherine, Margaret and Sarah. After residing for some time near the old homestead in Pennsylvania, Mr. Showal- ter removed to Rockingham county, Va., and liecame the owner of two good farms at Cross Keys, near the head of the Shenandoah River. His efforts to secure a competency for his family were crowned with success, and his two farms of 101 and 250 acres, respectively, were conducted in a manner which could not fail to result satisfactorily. He lived to be seventy-five years of age, dying in the faith of the Mennonite Church, in which he had " kept the faith " for many years. His wife was a Methodist. George ^\'. Showalter was born on his father's farm in Virginia, March 11, 1825, and throughout his youth and early manhood he helped to till and make other improvements on the farm, and a common-school education represented the sum total of his accomplishments when he began life for himself. All old-time farmers considered themselves entitled to the services of their sons up to the time they reached the age of twenty-one, and Mr. Showalter's experience was no excep- tion to the rule. In addition to becoming familiar with the principles of agricult- ure, he learned the cooper's and carpenter's trades, and to these occupations he gave his time and attention. In 1851 he left the shelter of the parental roof and set out for the then wilds of Indiana and so pleased was he with the promises offered to the agriculturist that he purchased the fine estate on which he is now residing. Time has shown the wisdom of this investment, for his land has always produced good crops and has yielded a comfortable competency. After making the purchase of his land he returned to his home in Virginia and married Margaret, daughter of William and Margaret (AltafFer) Saufley, their union taking place January 10, 1854, and with his young bride returned to his Indiana possessions, which consisted of 137 acres of land, and which they reached in March, 1855. In time the following children were born to their union: William R., Mary, Maggie, Libbie, Edson and Franklin. Edson was born September 6, 1860; was reared on his father's MEiWTiis OF lyniAy.i. 209 farm and has been a tiller of the soil and a carpenter for six years. The parents are members of the New School Lutheran Church and the father is now classed among the honored old settlers of Elkhart county. The mother was called from life on June l-t, 189'2. having been a worthy Christian all her life. Edson Showal- ter was married February 6, 1888, to Miss Orpba, daughter of Silas and Margaret (Dally) Shoup. By her he has two children: Leo R. and Noble L. Edson Sho- walter owns, in comjiany with his brother, William E., 148 acres of land, is indus- trious, honorable and pushing and a man highly esteemed in the community in which he resides. William R. was born on his grandfather's farm in Rockingham county, Va. , January 9, 1855, and was an infant two months old when brought by his parents to Indiana. In his youth he was considered one of the best scholars in his district. October 1, 1884, he was married to Frances, daughter of John and Cath- erine (Jacolia) Wert, and to them four children have been born: Earl S., Clayton W., Irwin E. and Edna I. Like his brother he is a public-spirited man, honest, industrious and successful, and politically is a Democrat. His wife is one of the following fainily of children: Emeline, Mary J., Caroline, Catherine, Adeline, Leah, Josiah, Jeremiah, Lucinda. John, David, Frances, William and Cyrus. Our subject has been master of Middlebury Grange for two years. The Showalters are a religious people and have always been associated with the Lutheran Church. Abel E. Work. A short time prior to the great American Revolution the Work family tree took root in American soil. At that time the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Samuel Work, came from County Antrim. Ireland, to take up his abode upon a new soil and in a foreign land. He was of Scotch-Irish birth, and was married on the Isle of Erin to Jane Dunn, who bore him the following children: Aaron, Robert, Samuel, Elizabeth, Margaret and Jane, all natives of America, to which country Mr. Work brought his young bride soon after their marriage. At the opening of the Revolutionary war they were residing on a farm near Philadelphia, Penn., and from here Samuel Work at once enlisted in the patriot army, serving until the struggle ended. Later he disposed of his property in Pennsylvania and after several moves finally found himself in Fairfield county, Ohio, in 1812, where he lived only until 1817, when death finished his earthly career. He was a Presbyterian in his religious views. His son Aaron, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Chester county, Penn., and as his father was identified with the agricultural growth of the section in which they resided, his early life was much the same as that of other boys of his age and generation — he was a farmer's boy purely and simply, doing his part of the necessary work about his rural home. In time he took for himself a wife in the person of Millicent, daughter of Abel and Bridget (McMurtny) Everett, the former of whom also participated in the war of the Revo- lution, and was in the battle of Monmouth, where he saw Gen. Washington and his staff ride through a wheat field. A family of eight children have l)een born to Mr. and Mrs. Work: Abel E., Samuel, William, James, Martha, Jane, Mary and Eliza- beth, all of whom were born in Fairfield county, Ohio. Mr. Work passed a useful life on his well-tilled farm in Fairfield county, and at the ripe old age of eighty years was called to his fathers, his wife living to be four years older. He was a man of lofty character, possessed exceptionally sound and practical views on all subjects, and for sixteen years of his life much of his time was devoted to adjusting his neigh- bors' difficulties as justice of the peace. He was an elder in the Presbyterian Church, in which church his wife was also a member. Abel E. Work, the immediate sub- ject of this biography, was born on the 29th of June, 1815, received a common- school education and learned the blacksmith's trade. They started out to tight life's battles well equipped morally, mentally and physically for the active duties of life, and endowed by nature with that splendid courage and resistless energy which has been so important a factor in the advancement of western civilization. He removed to Middlebury township, Elkhart Co., Ind. , in 1842, and for thirty-six years worked faithfully at his trade of blacksmith. He also purchased land and earnestly tilled 210 PICTORfAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL the soil, aud by the exercise of his admirable mental faculties he has uow a fine farm of 105 acres. On the 15th of September, 1836, he was married to Miss Cynthia Larimer, who was born March 22, 1814, a daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Larimer. The children that in time gathered about the board of Mr. and Mrs. Work are as follows: Aaron, born May 26, 1837: Isaac L. , born December 16, 1838; John W., born January 11, 1841; Samuel, born February 26, 1843; James, born February 15, 1845; William C, born June 19, 1847; Robert W., born June 20, 1849, and Abel E., born September 13, 1851. Mr. Work is a stanch Democrat politically, and during the lamentable Civil war was a loyal Union man. Two of his sons were in the service: Isaac L., who became a member of Company- I, Seventy- fourth Regi- ment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he enlisted in August, 1862, at Goshen, Ind. ; John W.. enlisting the same day in (he same company and regiment. They were in one battle, were very much exposed to the inclement weather during the hard marching, which resulted in lung disease, from which both died, and are buried in the cemetery at Galatin, Tenn. Three sons are members of learned pro- fessions: Abel E., graduated from the Theological Seminary at Cincinnati, Ohio, and is now a Presbyterian minister in South Dakota; Samuel A., graduated from the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Harbor, and is now a practicing physician at Vandalia, Mich.; James A., graduated from the same insti- tution, and is now practicing his profession in Elkhart, Ind. Mr. Work has twenty- nine grandchildren and one great-grandchild. His first wife, and the mother of his children, died May 23, 1883, and on June 16, 1885, Mrs. Barbara A. (Biddle) Keysor, a widow with two children (Leander S. and Albert A.), became his wife. Mr. Work's life has been usefully and profitably spent, and he is well posted on the current issues of the day, is wide awake to the interests of his sec- tion, and is a man of unblemished reputation. His second wife is a daughter of George Biddle, a member of an old Virginia family. Isaac Larimer, his first wife's father, was the sou of Robert Larimer, a Scotch-Irishman, who, upon coming to this country, was shipwrecked on the coast of Pennsylvania, and although he had paid his passage to this country, was sold liy the captain of the rescuing vessel, and was compelled to pay his passage again. Robert Larimer became a farmer of Juniata county, Penu., but in the latter part of the last century went to Fairfield county, Ohio, of which section he was one of the pioneers. Isaac Larimer, his son, was married to Elizabeth Wood, daughter of Moses Wr>od, and by her became the father of the following children: Robert, John, James, Moses, Isaac, Wright, Sarah, Eliza- beth, Phcebe and Cynthia. Isaac Larimer was a soldier in the War of 1812, in which struggle his sons, Robert and John, also participated. Robert and his father were in Hull's inglorious surrender. He was a substantial farmer, and died at about the age of fifty years, in Fairfield county, Ohio. He was a gunsmith by trade, and he and his wife became the parents of eleven children; Jacob, Mary, John, Valentia, Frederick, Levi, Barbara A. and Elizabeth are still living. Very Rev. William Corby, C. S. C. Father Corby was born in Detroit, Mich., in 1833. His father, Daniel Corby, was born in King's county, Ireland, in 1798, and came to the New World a young, unmarried man. In Montreal, Canada, he wedded Miss Stapleton, a lady of rare beauty and numerous Christian virtues. She was noted in a special manner for her charity to the poor and infirm. Father William Corby was the fifth child of a large family. In early life he attended the public or district schools, open a few months each year, and when these schools were not in session, the father secured for his children the services of a ])rivate tutor. When not occupied with his studies William attended to various humble occupa- tions under the direction of a good father who was a man of iron will, frugal in habits, a total abstinauce man for more than forty years; thrifty and possessed of a liberal store of this world's goods. Mr. Corby determined to give his sons the best facilities for acquiring an education and with that object in view he sent William to the college of Notre Dame, Ind., where he arrived during the scholastic year 1852-3. MEMOIRS OF IKDIjiNA. 211 When he arrived at Notre Dame he had no intention of joining the Order of the Holy Cross, but, captivated by the place, the people and the good work being done he determined, with God's help, to devote his life and energy to advancing the cause of Christian education. At once he joined the small band directed by the venerable Father Sorin, then laying the foundations of a great university in the forests of In- diana. Father Corby devoted every hour, even his vacations, to study. He never returned home to his father's house until he went as a newly ordained priest, to cele- brate his first Mass in his old parish church surrounded by relatives and friends of his boyhood. The solemnity of the occasion caused the good old father of the young priest to shed tears of joy, and made him feel like a young man again. Philosophy was Father Corby's favorite study, and this science he taught with success in his alma mater several years. At various terms he was prefect of the students, prefect of the study room, prefect of discipline and director of the manual labor school. While holding the latter position he attended, Sundays, St. Patrick's Church, South Bend. At the breaking out of the war he volunteered his services to the famous Irish Brigade of New York. He was appointed their chaplain in 1862, and for three years he was with them in all the principal battles fought by the Army of the Potomac, under MacClellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade and Grant. Father Corby has now ready for press a book which gives a full account of his thrilling experiences during those stormy years. After his return from the war in 1865, he was for a few months in charge of St. Patrick's congregation. South Bend. He paid the debt on the church, finished and furnished a parochial residence and was the first Catholic pastor that ever resided in that city. Father Sorin and the chapter of the Order of the Holy Cross, determined to utilize Father Corby's rare executive ability by electing him, in 1865, vice president of the University of Notre Dame, with Eev. P. Dillon as president. The old members of the faculty used to say the two made a "strong team." With great energy the old college of 1842-53 was soon changed into the noble building destroyed by fire in 1879. Before the students were out of the house at the close of the year, June, 1865, the main Ijuilding and the wings were unroofed and later all the inside partitions and floors were taken out, leaving nothing except some outer walls. When the students returned the follow- ing September they found an imposing edifice 185x85 feet and six stories high, ready for class work, although in an unfinished condition. That year there was an entrance of over 500 students, not including the boys from the manual labor school or seminary. The following year Father Corby was elected president with Father Augustus Lemonnieras vice-president. There was a debt on the institution of $97,- 000 and an unfinished building to be completed. In less than five years this debt was paid and $80,000 besides expended on improvements. One of the first acts of Father Corby's administration was to remove to old Exhibition Hall to a more suitable site and enlarge the play ground from two acres to twenty-five acres, as they are at present. He founded the .Notre Dame Scholastic, then called the Scho- kistic Year. The first number was published September 7, 1877, good Father Gillespie acting as editor. He engaged several persons to draw up a general plan for all the college grounds, according to which future buildings should lie erected. Two plans were particularly good, one by the Kev. James Dillon, C. S. C, and the other by Rev. J. C. Carrier, C. S. C, were submitted to the council. After dit^cussing the merits of each. Father Dillon's plan, modified by Father Carrier's idea, was adopted. It is on this plan that all the principal buildings have since been erected. During Father Corby's administration the law department was established and the scientific department commenced under the direction of Rev. J. C. Carrier, one of the ablest scientists of our day. Steps were also taken to found a medical depart- ment, with Rev. Louis Neron as dean. In 1868 a General Chapter of the Order of the Holy Cross held in Rome elected Father Corby provincial for the United States in place of Very Rev. Father Sorin, elected superior general of the order through- out the world. This office Father Corby held with that of president of Notre 212 PICTORIAL AM) BIOGRAPHICAL Dame until 1872, when another general chapter elected him to establish a branch institution at Watertown, Wis. After founding the College of the Sacred Heart, now in a flourishing condition under the presidency of Father O'Keefe, C S. C. , and building one of the largest churches in that State, he was, in 1877, re-elected president of Notre Dame, and shortly after provincial for the second time. Much energy was now in demand. Father Corby began his work by naming Rev. Thomas E. Walsh vice-president and director of studies, and Rev. Christopher Kelly prefect of discipline. Everyone worked hard and tlie college affairs brightened up for a while, until April 23, 1879, when the grand old college, with many other buildings, was reduced to ashes. The loss was more than a quarter of a million dollars, not CTunting priceless treasurers of art aud science. No time could be lost, so all the students and faculty were called to the church, about the only building left stand- ing, and there Father Corby, with old-time war courage, made a bold, inspiring speech, telling all to return the following September, that classes would be resumed in a new building far superior to the one then in ashes. Then he sent the students to their homes and rushed to Chicago to engage architects. Men and teams were put to work before the fire was entirely extinguished. It took ninety men and thirty teams several weeks to remove the debris, dig up the old foundations, ''not a stone of which was left upon a stone. " Finally Mr. Edbrook, the famous Chicago architect, now inspecting architect for the United States Gov- ernment, arrived with plans for the new college and in ninety days after the corner- stone was laid, the class rooms were thrown open on the first Tuesday of September, 1879; thus the promise made by Father Corby on the day of the fire was literally fulfilled. For the construction of the new building seven brick yards were bought up and 350 mechanics and laboring men were employed. Students flocked to Notre Dame from all parts of the country, and the university commenced a new era of prosperity. Father Corby continued in the presidency until 1881, when his services were again demanded at Watertown, Wis. The debt on the lately established branch house having increased, he was oliliged to return and help put the establishment on a better footing. With considerable vigor he nearly wiped out a debt of $22,000 and built a tine new parochial residence. In 1885 he was for the third time called to fill the office of provincial, which he held until August, 1892, when the General Chapter of the order re-elected him provincial superior of the United States and first assistant general for the entire world. Father Corby's natural disposition ia mild, but with his military experience and his subsequent experience in administra- tion, he cultivated, as duty demanded, the quality of firmness. This added to his genial disposition, makes him a general favorite. He is one of the most charitable and kind-hearted of men, sincere in his friendships and devotedly attached to the society of which he is a member. He never forgets a kindness and never stoops to resent an injury. Assisted as he is by cheerful, intelligent and willing confreres, who all love him, his work gives satisfaction to everyone. As may be seen from the above sketch, he is an intelligent organizer and possesses more than ordinary executive ability. Rev. Benjamin Scheock. This gentleman comes of a good old family of German extraction, that was highly honored and respected in the "Keystone State." It is a true observation that " There is no royal road to fortune," and this just statement is fully verified by a study of the lives of the pioneer farmers of Indiana. When such a man as Benjamin Schrock starts out as he did. with no pecuniary help and with no fortune except good health, robust strength, and yet succeeds in securing a fine property and that degree of competence which allows him to retire from business and live in comfort, it can be realized that the old saying has not outgrown its lease of life. The paternal grandfather of Benjamin Schrock came from Zwei- brucken, Rhenish Bavaria, Germany, in 1780 to America in search of a for- tune, settling in Huntington county, Penn. At that time he was the father of three children: Jacob, Barbara and Catherine, but his wife bore him three sons and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 81» one daughter after their settlement in this country: Andrew, John. David and Elizabeth. Mr. Schrock's expectations of realizing a fortune in this country were not realized, and he had a hard struggle for many years to keep the wolf from the door. He attained the advanced age of four-score years, a member of the Mennonite Church, dying at the home of his son, John Schrock, in Holmes county, Ohio, where his wife also spent her declining years. John Schrock, their son, was a product of Pennsylvania, his birth occurring May 6, 1779, and about 1815, in the early days of Ohio he went to that State and carved out a home for himself and family in the wilderness. Hordes of Indians roamed over the country at that time, and although their lives and property were at various times threatened, they escaped better than the majority of early settlers and continued to prosper in spite of adverse circum- stances. He became a substantial farmer of the section in which he settled, and gave each of his children a good start in life. He was honorable and upright in character, kind and considerate in his family, a faithful friend, an accommodating neighbor, and on February 16, 1858, died as he had lived, an earnest Christian, having attained to the age of sixty-eight years nine months and ten days. His wife was born February 11, 1797, and bore her husband the following children: Elizabeth, Benjamin, Abraham, Barbara, Magdalena and Susannah. Benjamin Schrock, a member of this family, was born February 22, 1819, but owing to his father's straitened circumstances he was compelled to labor industriously on the farm during the summer months, and his chances for obtaining an education were only such as could be obtained while attending school irregularly during the winter seasons. He was married in Holmes county, Ohio, to Miss Mary Stutzman, daughter of Jonas and Magdalena (Garber) Stutzman, soon after which, as he was a young man of pushing energy and ambition, the chances of the West became a temptation that could not be resisted, and he determined to make a home for himself on a portion of the Indian Reserve. He settled on an uncleared farm in Miami county, Ind., but at the end of thirteen years settled three miles north of Goshen, on Pine Creek, then in Clinton township, Elkhart county, and six years later, or in 1878. he took up his abode on his present fine farm of 200 acres in Middlebury township. He has always been an industrious, hard-working man, and has earned his present fine prop- erty by the sweat of his brow. His liberal views, unquestioned honesty and rugged common sense have given him an influence far beyoud that possessed by many more pretentious and prominent men. He has lived a quiet life, looking after the posses- sions which a life of industry has secured him, and is in the enjoyment of a comfort- able, refined and pleasant home. He has been the architect of his own fortunes, and success has been won through hardships and severe toil. For thirty-eight years he was a bishop of the Amish Church, but for the past forty years he has been a minister of that denomination, and a member of the church for fifty years. He is a believer in good schools, and has ever been liberal in the use of his means, and has never been guilty of turning one from his door who was really in need of bis aid. He has always supported the principles of Democracy. His union with Miss Stutz- man has resulted in the birth of eleven children: Abraham is a farmer and black- smith of Clinton township, Elkhart county, was married to Miss Sarah Miller, by whom he has four children; Jacob B. is a farmer of Kosciusko county, Ind., is married to Matilda Eicks, and is the father of four children; John, a farmer of Fillmore county. Neb., is married to Anna Garber, and has three children; Annie, Elizabeth and Susannah are at home; Benjamin F. is a farmer of Middlebury town- ship, is married to Alice Miller, and has two children; Daniel is also a farmer of this township, is married to Anna M. Yoder; Absalom is a carpenter of Anderson, Ind., and is married to Etta Miller; Mary M. . who is a school teacher in Nebraska, and William, who is a farmer of Fillmore county, Neb., is married to Hannah Toder, by whom he has seven children. John Walmer, Middlebury, Elkhart Co., Ind. The philosophy of success in life is an interesting study. In whatever pursuit individual effort is directed, it 214 PICTORIAL AJSfl) BIOGRAPHICAL should be entered with a theoretical knowledge acquired at the proper schools, followed by a practical application, to prepare one to successfully assume responsibil- ities that follow. In choosing a pursuit in life, taste, mental gifts, opportunity and disposition of labor should be considered, as every young man, who has any amViition to become a respectable and useful citizen, desires to succeed therein. A narrative of success in life affords a lesson from which others can profit. On his father's farm in Lebanon county, Penn. , there was born on the 26th of September, 1817, a boy who grew up to sturdy manhood, ambitious to excel in the pursuit of his choice, and this boy was John Walmer. As he grew to manhood he became thoroughly con- versant with pretty much all kinils of farm labor and evinced a fondness for agricult- ural pursuits which he has carried with him through life. He received few oppor- tunities for the acquirement of an education, but through his own persistency learned to read in the German Testament and the Psalter, but acquired no knowledge of arithmetic or English except what he obtained in later years by mixing unreservedly with his fellows and in conducting the business affairs of life. He only learned to count after he had attained man's estate, by splitting rails by the hundred — a rough but most thorough school. The first work which he did for himself was at clearing land and mauling rails, and in a still-house, but the Juue following his marriage, which occurred February 11, 1844, and was to Miss Magdaleua HofF, he and his young wife removed to Wayne county, Ind., through the Black Swamp of Ohio, and settled one mile south of his present farm, which at first consisted of eighty acres. He labored hard to clear this land and in time added eighty acres more, which he tilled with great diligence during the summer months. His spare moments during the winters were devoted to the making of brooms; in fact, he gladly turned his hand to any employment that offered remuneration. Since 1864 he has resided on his present farm and is now the owner of 286 acres of good farming land, a -water saw-mill and two good lots in Elkhart, on one of which is erected a store and on the other a frame residence and stable. Mr. Walmer has been a very strong man physically, with an iron constitution, or he could never have borne the hard labor he has undergone. It would be difficult to speak too strongly of the useful- ness of his life, for he has used his talents wisely and well, and in his active life he has found time to embellish his mind with a fund of general wisdom. To Mr. and Mrs. Walmer the following children have been born: Amanda E., born February 2, 1845, married Aaron Work, township trustee, who resides in Elkhart. They have three children: Luetta, George and John, the eldest of whom, Luetta, married William Barger, a box manufacturer, by whom she has one child, Everet, a great- grand-daughter of Mr. Walmer. The latter' s second child and only son, John F., was born July 2, 1850, remains with his father and is a practical farmer. The mother of these children died August 11, 1887, at the age of sixty-eight years. Mr. Walmer has an adopted daughter, Idella J. Poorbaugh, who has lived in the family since she was eight years of age. She is a member of the German Reformed Church, of which Mr. Walmer is also a member, although his wife was a Lutheran. Politically he is a Democrat. He comes of an old Pennsylvania family, members of which have been residents of the "Keystone State." (ieorge Walmer, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a blacksmith by trade and owned a small farm of fortyfive acres. He was married in Pennsylvania to Miss Sarah Fisher and to them were born six children: Joseph George, John, Lydia, Catherine and Elizabeth. The mother died when her son, John, was a small boy, and the father afterward espoused Catherine Shuey, nee Miller, who died April 7, 1877, at the age of ninety years, after having borne Mr. Walmer three children: Mariah, Mattie and Benjamin. Mr. Walmer settled on a farm in Wayne county, Ohio, in 1836, on which he spent the remainder of his days, dying at the age of sixty-eight years, February 10, 1856. He was in comfortable circumstances and was a man of unblemished reputation. The wife of John Walmer was a daughter of George and Catherine (Hess) Hoff, the former of whom was a blacksmith and a substantial farmer. They became the par- MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 315 ents of the following children: Michael, Levi, George, David, Magdalena, Catharine, Ann, Christeua. Mary and Rebecca. Mr. Hoff died on his farm in Wayne county, Ohio, December 17, 1865, at the age of seveuty-sis 3'ears, his widow surviving him until March 5, 1873, dying at the age of seventy-six years. Joseph E. Mulligan. Among the sons of Pennsylvania who have brought with them to this western laud the sturdy habits of independence, integrity and industry which have ever marked the natives of the Keystone State, it is a pleasure to name Mr. MulligaQ, whose beautiful and well-tilled farm of 136 acres (twelve of which is in timber), is located within the confines of Clay township. Mr. Mulligan's native county was Crawford, where he was born August 2, 1851, to Patrick and Elizabeth (Downey) Mulligan, who were natives of County Cavan, Ireland, the birth of the father occurring in 1801. He was brought up to a farm life in his native land and about the year 1828 was married to Elizabeth Downey. He crossed the ocean to America in 1847, and settled in Crawford county, Penn., where he made his home until the fall of 1851, when the family removed to near Dayton, Mich., and there spent the followiug year. At the end of this time they settled in the southeast part of Berrien county, near the line of Cass county, Mich., but in 1859 came to St. Jo- seph county, lud. , and took up their residence in Clay township, near Notre Dame. In 186-1: they settled on the place where the son Joseph E. now resides, in Section 13, where Mr. Mulligan lived until his death, April 4, 1883. His wife survived him until April 24, 1883, when she, too, paid the last debt of nature. She presented her husband with eight children: Catherine, Owen, Patrick, Ann, Margaret, Mary (deceased), Elizabeth and Joseph E. Although Mr. Mulligan was born in Penn- sylvania, the greater portion of his life has been spent in St. Joseph county, Ind., as he was but eight years of age when his parents came to Clay township. He was educated in the public schools of the township, and during the many years that he has spent in this section the people have had every opportunitj' to know and judge his character and qualifications and naught has ever been said derogatory to either. He has devoted his life to farming and in this occupation has been deservedly suc- cessful, and is now in command of a comfortable competency. On May 27, 1884, he was married to Miss Ellen Haney, who was born April 24, 1862, in Springfield, 111., the daughter of Patrick and Elizabeth (Stipes) Haney, the former a native of Ireland, and the latter of Illinois. The followiug children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Mulligan: Joseph, Edward, Elizabeth, Leo and George. Mr. and Mrs. Mulligan are members of the Catholic Church, and the men and measures of the Democrat party have always received Mr. Mulligan's support. Solomon M. Kauffman. The success which has attended the efforts of Mr. Ka\iffman as an agriculturist is by no means a matter of chance, nor was he in any sense an especial favorite of fortune, for when he started out in life he began at the lowest round of the ladder. In his case fortune smiled upon him because of his UQtiring efforts, his close and intelligent application to the ordinary affairs of life, and his thrift and enterprise, which were of a character to merit success under any circumstances and iu any field of labor. He was born ia Holmes county, Ohio, September 20, 1837, being one of the following family of children: Mary, Martha, Jonas, Jacob, Solomon, Fannie, Elizabeth, Lydia, Joseph, Rebecca, Moses and John. The father of this somewhat numerous family was Moses Kauffman, and their mother was Lydia, daughter of John Plank. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kauffman were of Penn- sylvania Dutch stock, and for many years the father was a farmer of Somerset county, Penn., aud supported his family comfortably, but they never counted on being supplied with many of the luxuries of life. Moses Kauffman removed to the wilds of Ohio when a j'oaug mau; was married in Holmes county, and without any very considerable resources, they settled down to the business of making the best of their opportunies, and getting ahead in the world as rapidly as possible, and turned their attention to tilling the soil as a sure means of gaining a livlihood. After making a few changes they finally came to Elkhart county, Ind., and since 216 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL 1851 have been residents of Middlebury township, where they at one time owned 280 acres of tine farming land. Being a minister of the Amish-Mennonite Church, he reared his children carefully and upon his death in his sixty-eighth year he had the unbounded satisfaction of knowingthat they had attained honorable manhood and womanhood. The early members of his family were persecuted in Germany on account of their religious principles, but upon an invitation from William Penn they sought an asylum in the New World and carved a home for themselves in " Penu's Wood- laud." The family has grown with the country's growth and has contributed much to the thrift, the industry and the prosperity of this country. Solomon M. Kauff- man was about fourteen years of age when he became a resident of Elkhart county, Ind. , and as much of his time during the years of his boyhood was occupied with tasks set him by his parents, who believed in industrial training, his education was only such as he was able to obtain in the common schools. However, he was enterpris- ing and ambitious, and with indomitable energy and determination, qualities which he, no doubt, inherited from his sturdy Dutch ancestors, began laying the founda- tions for a successful future, and in the tield of agriculture he has made the best use of his talents. He now has a fine and well-kept farm of 203 acres, on which is a substantial brick residence with good farm buildings of all descriptions. Novem- ber 29, 1866, he was married in Millersburg to Miss Catherine Speicher, who was born March 8, 1840, soou after which he settled in the southern part of Middlebury township, where he made his home for seven years, then came to his present farm, which at that time consisted of 123 acres. To Mr. and Mrs. Kauffman the follow- ing children have been born: Charles E., born December 10, 1867; Frank E., De- cember 20, 1876; Emma D., May 10. 1879; Cora M. , September 8, 1873; Mary E., May 24, 1872; Fred L., born July 10, 1882, died February 13. 1884. Mr. and Mrs. Kauffman and three of their children are members of the Lutheran Church, to the building of which he was a liberal contributor and is now one of its most generous supports. He stands high as an honorable and useful member of society, and has always been an earnest supporter and patron of educational institu- tions. His son, Charles E. , is one of the reputable and successful teachers of this county and is at present attending Valparaiso Normal College; Mary E. is an accomplished musician, has at present a class of fourteen music scholars, and is the organist in the Lutheran Church. Mrs. Kauffman is a daughter of Jonathan and Eliza (Yergin) Speicher, both of whom were members of old German families who have been known in the history of Pennsylvania for many generations back. When a young man Mr. Speicher removed to Wayne county, Ohio, where he married and is still living at the advanced age of eighty-five years. He is a member of the Ger- man Reformed Church and has always been an honest man and a law-abiding citi- zen. His wife, who died on the 7th of April, 1842, bore him five children: Mary A., Frances, David, Catherine and Eliza. In 1846 he married Mrs. Elizabeth Smith, by whom he became the father of five more children: Harriet, Rebecca, Rosanna, William and Emily. The mother of these children was blind for fourteen years of her life and is now deceased. For the past thirty-six years Mr. Kauffman has fol- lowed the calling of a thresher in Elkhart county and in the winter runs a portable saw-mill, which is in active operation the most of the time and has proven a valua- ble source of revenue. He is universally esteemed by his friends and associates for his integrity and good citizenship, and he has done his full share toward promoting the commercial, social and religious development of his section. John Redmond. Many of the best known farmers and residents of St. Joseph county, Ind., have been born in the Emerald Isle, and this is the case with Mr. Redmond, for to county Wexford, Ireland, he owes his nativity, his birth occurring on November 12, 1822. His parents, William and Catherine (Berry) Redmond, were also born in Ireland, but the family originally came from England. William Redmond was reared on the Isle of Erin and there followed the calling of plow maker. Lawrence, the father of William, was a farmer. The marriage of William Red- MEMOIRS OF TXDTANA. 217 moad resulted in the birth of live children: Patrick, John, James, Mary and Catherine. John Redmond was reared on a farm in his native land and to that occupation has devoted his life. He was married in Ireland to Alice Summers,and their union resulted in the birth of one child: Edward. Mrs. Redmond died in Ireland, and in 1856 Mr. Redmond came to America and at once turned his footsteps in the direction of St. Joseph county, Ind. , and for several years made bis home with his brother-in-law, Edward Summers, in Olive township near Carlisle. On May 30, 1861, be was mar- ried to Catherine Layden, who was born in County Clare, Ireland, January 0, 1849, and came to America with her parents, Patrick and Mary (Kirby) Layden, when about thirteen years of age. The Layden family settled on a farm near Hillsdale, Mich., where the father spent the remainder of his days, dying October 25, 1891. His wife died in Ireland when her daughter Catherine was about six years old, and the mother of Mr. Layden came to America and reared his two little daughters, the other child's name being Julia. After Mr. Redmond's marriage he located in Clay township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., and there they have since made their home. In November, 1876, Mr. Redmond purchased the farm where he now lives, which con- sists, at the present time, of 115 acres, about one hundred of which are under cul- tivation. This place is well conducted and shows that a man of thrift and intelli- gence has the management of affairs. Mr. Redmond and his family are members of the Catholic Church. In politics Mr. Redmond is a Democrat, fie is a man of sound judgment; is energetic, charitable and liberal, and is considered by all a decided acquisition to the section in which he resides. He and his wife have four children: James I., born May 10, 1862; William B., born July 19, 186-4; John P., born March 18, 1868, and Mary C, born August 7, 1873. The second son, William B. , was married February 27, 1890, to Martha Akers, who was born April 2, 1891, in Hardin county. Ky., a daughter of George W. and Ann (White) Akers. Mr. and Mrs. Redmond are the parents of two children: Alma, born February 2, 1891, and Mary, born May 6, 1892. William B. and his wife reside in Senora, Ky., and are engaged in tilling the soil. James I., the eldest son of John, is the present assessor of Clay township, being elected to that office in the spring of 1890, for four years on the Democratic ticket. This is one of the worthy families of the county, each and every member of which is well known and highly respected. J. H. Myers, Middlebury, Ind. It is a pleasiire to chronicle the history of a man whose life has been one of honor and usefulness, and although he has considerably passed the zenith of his career, Mr. Myers has accumulated a fortune that enables him to enjoy to the fullest extent the true comforts of a home that is made beautiful by the sweet spirit of kindliness and mutual appreciation among the members of the family. He comes of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock, and is descended from one of the early colonial families that have for generations been residents of York county, Penu. The paternal grandfather, Conrad Myers, was born in that county, and like the most of the male members of his family, became a well-to-do farmer and miller, and lived to attain the age of seventy years. Jacob R. Myers, his son and the father of the subject of this sketch, was born and reared on his father's farm in York county, Penn., and like a true son of his father became a tiller of the soil when thrown upon his own resources. He acquired a practical education in the German language in the common schools of his vicinity, and upon reaching man's estate was married to Lydia, daughter of Andrew Utz, also a native of York county and of Dutch descent. To this union a good old-fashioned family of thirteen children was born, two of whom died in infancy, the rest reaching maturity: Jesse H. (the subject), Elizabeth, John B. , Andrew, Samuel, Levi, Daniel, Hiram, Moses, Aaron and Frank. In 1832, with the ambition, courage and sturdy manhood which have always been distinguishing characteristics of American pioneers, he pushed into Stark county, Ohio, in search of land upon which to make a settlement and located on a farm four miles South of Canton, where he made his home until 1853, when Filkhart, Ind. , became the scene of his labors. He became the fortunate possessor 218 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of a tine, arable farm of 200 acres, on which he passed the remainder of his days, dying at the age of sisty-two years in 1868. Like the majority of agriculturists he was hard-working and honest, and left a valuable estate to his heirs. Politically a stanch Democrat, he was a very strong Union man during the war, and gave two of his sons to assist in protecting the Union, both of whom served three years in the Seventy -fourth Indiana Regiment, and were in several battles, among which was Lookout Mountain. They miraculously escaped wounds and sickness and returned home able-bodied men. Their mother was a member of the Diinkard Church. Jesse H. Myers, the subject of this sketch, first saw the light of day on his father's farm iu York county. Penn., June 18, 1826. and owing to his early removal to Ohio where schools were few and far between, and even then not of the best quality, his educatiou was limited to the three R.'s, — "readin', 'ritin' and 'rithmetic." He early learned the details of farming which was conducted in the old-fushioned way; the grain being tramped out b_v horses on the barn floor. Eventually Mary, daughter of Adam and Elizabeth (Albright) Oberlin. became his wife, their union being consummated in Stark county. Ohio, to which section her parents came from LaucHSter county, Penn., when the country was a wilderness inhabited by the red man and infested by numerous wild animals. However. Mr. Oberlin wielded his axe to some purpose and finally became the owner of a valuable farm, dying on the same at the ripe old age of eighty years. To Mr. and Mrs. J. H. Myers four children were born: William H., January 19, 1850; Emma E , September 26, 1851; Edward L., April 24. 1862. and Kate A., October 19, 1866. In 1855 Mr. Myers came with his family to Elkhart county, and purchased a good farm one mile west of Middlebury, which he has greatly improved and which has since been his home. Everything atout his place is in harmony, for each nook and cranny of fields, fences aud barns is well kept, neat and attractive, speaking well for the management of the owner, who looks beyond the work of the moment and the gain of the moment to tbe future. His farm is well adapted to the raising of stock, for it is well watered, and to this branch of agriculture Mr. Myers has given con-iiderable atten- tion. His wife died November 16, 1887, a devout member of the Lutheran Church, and October 18, 1888, Mr. Myers took for his second wife Mrs. Sarah Fulton, widow of Dr. J. H. Fulton, of Otsego, Mich., by whom she became the mother of two children: Nellie, wife of Matthew L. De Wolf, a station agent of San Antonio, Texas, and Frank. Mrs. Myers was the daughter of Mercon and Elizabeth (Quack- enbush) Fox, the former of whom was a member of au old American family of English descent, whose wife bore him twelve children, seven of whom lived to mature years: Arthur. Ralph, Sarab. Fannie. Henry, Albert aud James. Albert, Arthur and Henry were soldiers in the Civil war, and the first mentioned, who was a soldier in the Twenty-ninth ludiana Regiment, was killed at the battle of Chick- amauga; and Henry, who was in the Thirteenth Michigan, was killed in the battle of Murfreesboro. Mr. and Mrs. Fox were members of the Presbyterian Church of Lima, aud were substantial and upright farmer,-. Mr. Myers is a member of the Lutheran Church, and held the office of trustee and elder for three years, and has been superintendent of the Sunday-school for the past seven years. He has given his children good educations, for he recognized the fact that a good education is rather to be desired than great riches, and his son Edward is teaching a graded school at Burlington. Kan. Mr. Myers is well contented with his lot in life, for he is iu comfortable circumstances and holds a high place in the estimation of his fellows as an honorable, straightforward man. January 27, 1892, a reunion of the Myers family was held at the residence of J. H Myers, and nine stalwart brothers and one sister once more gathered at the same board, for the first time in thirty-five years. Forty members of the family were present, and the occasion will long be remembered. The eldest son of J. H. Myers. William H., was married to Annie Balyeat, by whom he has one child, he is residing on an excellent farm given him by his father in Middlebury township; Emma married Isaiah Goodyear, MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 221 a farmer of Clinton towasbip; Edward L. married Jennie Smith, by whom he has three children; and Katie is married to Charles Wehmeyer, a real estate and insurance agent of Goshen, Ind. Dr. C. C. Baumgartxer, physician and surgeon of Elkhart, Ind., is successfully engaged in practicing, a calling which is perhaps the most trying on brain and body of any in the Held of science. He is one of the busiest of this busy class of men, and is well equipped and fully prepared to meet any professional demands that may be made upon him, and has met with flattering success from the start. He was born in the canton of Berne, Switzerland. February 2, 1842, a son of John and Catherine (Lehman) Baumgartner, the former of whom was born in Switzerland, and there passed from life. His widow survives him and is a resident of Bluffton^ Ind. She bore her husband two children: John J., who joined the Fourth Indiana Volunteers and died in Andersonville prison, and C. C, who was ten years of age when he left his native country. He took passage for this country on a sailing ves- sel for Havre de Grace, and after an ocean voyage of forty-two daj's landed at New York City. His mother, brother and some other relatives came at the same time, and he, with his immediate relatives, located in Adams county, Ind., and in the pub- lie schools of that and Wells county he acquired a fair practical education. Until eighteen years of age his attention was given to farming, but at that age he began the study of medicine at Akron and Cleveland, Ohio, and graduated from a medical institution of the latter place in the spring of 1861. He at once entered upon the practice of his profession in Wayne county, Ohio, but aboxit seven years later became a practitioner of Adams county, Ind., where he continued to devote his talents to healing the sick and afflicted for seven years. He then gave up attending to the physical wants of his fellow creatui'es and began looking after their spiritual welfare, and for three years was a member of the Evangelical Association at Wabash City, and one year in Elkhart, Ind. His scholarly attainments, eloquence and earnest- ness soon made him a power in church circles, and for eight years he acted in the capacity of presiding elder, four years being spent in Indianapolis and four years in the Elkhart District. He became well known for his earnestness and zeal, and his discourses were considered able, eloquent and of a most convincing order. Dur- ing his last term as a presiding elder he was crippled by an accident, after which he located in Elkhart, again took up the medical profession, and is successfully pursuing this honorable calling. Dui'ing his residence in this city he has won many friends by his straightforward, gentlemanly and courteous conduct, and his earnest support and connection with everything tending to the welfare and progress of the city and section, especially in church matters, has done much toward making him the popu- lar and respected citizen he now is. In 1863 he was married to Miss B. C. Leh- man, by whom he has three sous: William H, Albert J. and Eeuben A., all of whom are residents of Elkhart. Dr. and Mrs. Baumgartner have a very comfortable and pleasant home where the_y dispense a refined and generous hospitality. Albert J., their second sou, is now taking his tirst course of lectures in Rush Medical College at Chicago; Keuben A. is clerk in the district passenger office of ihe Big Four Rail- road, and William H. is a carriage trimmer in Pratt's Carriage W arks in Elkhart. George D. Mather is a prominent farmer, residing in the vicinity of Middle- bury, lud. , and is descended from a distinguished colonial Puritan family, who were among the founders of the early New England churches, and have been promi- nent as clergymen, statesmen and lawyers for generations. For the early history of this family see the sketch of J. R. Mather, of Elkhart, Ind. The grandfather of George D. was Jonathan Mather, son of Samuel, and was born in New Jersey, July 4, 1787, and died December 30, 1860. He married Anna Bishop, of West Hamp- ton, N. J., in 1809, and by her was the father of ten children: Mary, born Decem- ber, 1810; David B. , liorn June 8, 1812; a son who died in infancy; Phcebe, born September, 1816; Lydia Ann, born February 22, 1819; Jonathan R. , born May 25, 1821; Caroline M., born December, 1827; Irene A., born May 1, 1823; Joseph H., 232 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHIUAL born June 14, 1825, and Ira L. David B. Mather was born in Orange county, N. Y. , was principally self-educated and became a good mathematician. He was married in his native county to Melissa, daughter of Jonathan Sayer, a farmer of that county. To David B. Mather and his wife five children were born: Jonathan S., Mary, Charles, Joseph and George. In June, 1837, Mr. Mather came to Elk- hart county, Ind., having previously entered land in Middlebury township, now occupied by Jonathan S. Mather. He brought his family thither in the fall of 1837 and cleared a farm from the forest, to which by thrift and industry he added until he finally accumulated 2,100 acres. Upon first coming to Middlebury he engaged in the mercantile business, but this venture did not prove successful. When a young man he had traveled with the famous Van Amburg show, and had learned to auctioneer aud to keep track of his sales in his head, and thus became an expert. After his mercantile experience he became an auctioneer and for years traveled extensively throughout northern Indiana, selling stocks of goods, etc. ; was also col- lector for Eastern firms, and in this way did a large business. He was a very ener- getic man and read law after reaching middle life, and practiced law in the justice's courts throughout the county, becoming the legal adviser for manj' of the pioneer settlers. At first he was an old line Whig, but afterward became a Republican, being one of the founders of that party in Elkhart county, the principles of which he espoused in many a stump speech. He was a man of moral worth and integrity of character. He was a large land holder, having much of it under cultivation, and possessing a strong constitution and active mind, he kept his varied interests all in good working order. He was an extensive dealer in stock, one of the largest in northern Indiana, and in all matters was wide awake, enterprising and pushing. He gave all his children good educations, and taught them in the practical affairs of life. He was essentially a self-made man, and became well educated through his own mental efforts and the varied experiences through which he passed. He lived to be fifty years of age, but unfortunately had greatly injured his health by his travels, exposure aud the arduous duties of his life, which greatly shortened his career. George D. Mather, his son, was born on the old Mather homestead June 21, 1859, and received a good education in the Middlebury High School, from which he graduated, afterward attending the commercial college at Kalamazoo, Mich. He then clerked for his brother, C. S. Mather, in Middlebury for two years. On Sep- tember 1, 1880, he married Minnie B., daughter of John K. and Lydia J. (Brown) Burridge, the former of whom was born in Braintree, Vt., and was drowned in Lake Michigan September 7, 1868. He was the owner of a fine fruit farm at Benton Harbor, Mich., and socially was a member of the A. F. & A. M. He was the father of four children: Minnie B., George E. L., William S. and Lola N. After marriage Mr. Mather settled on the good farms which he inherited from his father, and which now contain 264 acres of land within the corporation of Middlebury. He has erected a fine two-story residence of brick and stone at a cost of $6,500, the con- struction taking place in 1883. It is very beautiful, and does credit to Mr. Mather's taste for the fitness of things aud for the beautiful. He also has fine barns. He and his wife have one child, Lola Mabel, born December 12, 1881. Since his marriage, Mr. Mather has extensively engaged in farming and stockraising, and has a herd of fine Jersey cows. He has been quite an extensive traveler, has visited all the Eastern States and cities and points of interest, as well as Chicago, Kansas City, and other Western points. He is a stanch Republican, as his father was before him, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a public-spirited gentleman, in favor of all enterprises for the good of his section, and to this end gives liberally of his means. His traveling experiences, in which he took great interest, have added to his general information and contributed to make him one of the most intelligent and practical men of his section. He is essentially a man of his word, and his honor is unimpeachable. Dr. William N. Ash, of Middlebury, Ind., possesses a thorough knowledge of MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 233 the principles underlying the practice of medicine, and familiarity with the most approved methods of treating the various ailments which the physician is called upon to prescribe for in a general practice; but these are not his only accomplish- ments, for to these he has added, by close observation and the exercise of native tact, a broad knowledge of mankind in all that the term implies. There is a sun- shine in his presence which penetrates and disperses the gloom hanging about the chronic suiferer, and his hearty greeting, coupled with generous sympathy, has a very beuelicial result in the sick room. He comes of sterling Scotch and Irish ancestry, for his great-grandfather came from the north of Ireland and settled in Somerset count}', Penn., where David, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born on a farm, married, and became the father of eight children: Jacob, David, ^Yilliam, Josiah, Catherine, Elizabeth, Betsey and Aaron. Mr. Ash passed all the active years of his life on the farm, but his declining years were spent at Butler, lud. , where he died at the age of eighty-four years, having been an earnest member of the Evangelical Church and a man of high integrity. His son, Josiah, father of Dr. William N. Ash, was born on the old homestead in Somerset county, Penn., June 21, 1814, and received such education as the common schools of his day permitted. He was married to Nancy, daughter of John Beidler, a wealthy farmer of Dutch stock, who was born in Virginia, but removed with his family, consisting of a wife and three children: John, Nancy and Matilda, to Ohio, and died on his farm in Holmes county at the patriarchal age of ninety -seven years, a member of the Church of God. He possessed a fine physique, was six feet in hight, well propor- tioned and possessed an iron constitution. He was temperate in all things, was well known for his high moral attributes and for his honorable traits of character. After his marriage Josiah Ash took up his residence on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, but after a few years removed to Wayne county, of which he was one of the pioneer set- tlers. He cleared up a farm in each of these places, and being a man of great strength he did a vast amount of hard work, and was a useful pioneer settler of Ohio. In 1879 he retired from active life, and now resides with a daughter in Ashland, Ohio. He became the father of twelve children, six boys and six girls: John, Cyrus, Mary, Martha, Joseph S., Samantha, Ellen, Amanda, Levi V., Agues, William N. and Elmer E. Mr. Ash became the owner of 300 acres of land by per- sistent industry; in politics was a Democrat, and he and his estimable wife were members of the Church of God. He was a man of very independent disposition, and would hold no small office, but took an active interest in all public works, and contriljuted generously of his means to his church and every good cause. During the Civil war he assisted with time and money to secure volunteers, and lent val- uable aid to the sanitary commission. He also sent two sons to the war, Joseph S. and Cyrus, both of whom served three years in an Ohio regiment, and were in sev- eral battles. Mr. Ash has always pursued a straightforward course through life, is a good citizen and a kind father, but brought up his family in a strict way. He is yet living, a strong and healthy man, but his wife died in 1885. Dr. William N. Ash first saw the light of day on his father's farm in Wayne county, Ohio, February 6, 1859, and in his youth wielded the hoe and followed the plow, attending, as well, the district school until he was sixteen years of age, after which he attended the academy at Smithville, Ohio, for eighteen months, and next became a student in Ashland College, from which he graduated in 1880. Succeeding this he attended medical lectures in the University of Cleveland, Ohio, and graduated from the Toledo Medical College in 1883. After a rest of one year at home, he was appointed assistant superintendent of the Northwestern Hospital for the Insane at Toledo, fill- ing this responsible position very capably for five years. Here he had the advantage of an experience which he would never have gained in a lifetime of ordinary prac- tice, and to say that he made good use of his opportunities would be but carrying out the ideas which have been formed by those who know him best and understand his nature. He opened an office in Middlebury in 1889, and here has built up a 224 PICTORIAL AJf^D BIOGRAPHTGAL lucrative practice, as he fully deserved to do. He is a member of the Northwestern Ohio Medical Association, the Lucas County Medical Society and the Ohio State Medical Association. He is a patron of the leading medical journals of Europe and America, has a valuable medical library, the latest improved surgical instruments, and in all ways endeavors to keep thoroughly apace with the progress made in his profession. Socially be is a Mason, of Middlebury Lodge, of which he has been a representative to the Grand Lodge; has filled all the chairs in the K. of P. Lodge; is a member of the Chosen Friends and of the board of health of Middlebury. He stands deservedly high as a physician and a man, and has won the confidence of the people as a man of culture and scientitic ability. James Kavanagh, grocer of Elkhart, Ind. In compiling an account of the mer- cantile establishments of the city of Elkhart, ]nd., it is the desire of the publishers to particularly mention those classes of houses which are the best representatives of each special line of trade, and which contribute most to the city's reputation as a source of supply. As one of the leading representatives of the grocery line, James Kavanagh may well be quoted, for he is extensively engaged in handling the staple necessaries of life, and the extensive trade which he has built up is the outgrowth of enterprise and commercial sagacity. Mr. Kavanagh has very successfully grappled with the question of supplying the masses with food, and his well-appointed grocery establishment goes far toward a solution of the problem. The business was estab- lished in the sjiring of 1877, by Mr. Kavanagh, but the firm is now known as Kavanagh & Pollard, both gentlemen being well adapted to successfully conduct this extensive business by practical experience and natural aptitude. The premises occupied are of ample dimensions, finely fitted up with a large stock of staple and fancy groceries, fruits, vegetables and country produce, and popular prices prevail. Alert assistants serve customers politely and promptly, free delivery of all orders is made to all parts of the city, in short, no effort on the part of the proprietors is spared to please each and every one of their numerous patrons. Mr. Kavanagh was born in Wyoming county, N. Y.,May20, 1842, to Charles and Helen (Murphy) Kavanagh. who were born, reared and married on the Isle of Erin, the year of their emigration to America being 1839. After a short residence in Wyoming county. N. Y., they went to Brooklyn, N. Y. , where the father conducted a wholesale and retail boot and shoe store for about seven years, employing in the meantime from fifty to sixty men. He next returned to Wyoming county and located on a farm, on which he died February 6, 1860, his widow surviving him until November 16, 1886, having borne him eleven children, eight of whom are living, five sons and three daughters: Mrs. Mary A. Kerwin, of Wyoming county, N. Y. ; James; Thomas, of AVashington. Penn.; Matthew, of Wyoming county, N. Y.. where he is engaged in merchandising; Margaret; Charles, of New York; Mrs. Catherine Whalen, of New York, and John E., of Chicago. The subject of this sketch was educated in the public and private schools of Brook- lyn, and at an early age learned the trade of a machinist, at which he worked in various places for about fourteen years. He was in the Vulcan Iron Works of Chicago, and in a like establishment in Peoria. III. In 1872, Elkhart, Ind., became his home, and here he soon found employment in the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Shops, having charge of three pits at the time of his resignation. In the spring of 1877 he began devoting his attention to his present occupation, and has built up a business on which he may well be congratulated. Being enterprising, energetic and honorable, he is very popular in financial circles, and soon after the organization of the city, was nominated for treasurer, but would not work for the office, and consequentlj' was defeated by a majority of sixty-five votes. During the twenty years that he has been a resident of Elkhart he has attended strictly to business, much preferring to pursue the quiet life of the successful merchant, to the strife and turmoil of the political arena. When the dark and lowering clouds of war burst over the country in 1861, personal considerations were cast aside by Jklr. Kavanagh, and his name was soon placed on the rolls of Company A, One MEMOIRS OF INDIAIfA. 225 Hundred aud Fifth New York Infantry, with which he served until September, 1862, when he was taken prisoner at the second battle of Bull Run, was paroled at Point of Eocks, and was taken to Camp Chase, Ohio, after which he returned home, there to remain during the remainder of the struggle. In 1873 he led to the altar Miss Maria A. Goodspeed, of Elkhart, by whom he has an interesting family of three children: Charles H., Ellen M. and John M. The mother of these children died in 1884, and for his second wife, Mr. Kavanagh took Miss Henrietta S. Goodspeed, a sister of his first wife. He is a member of the Order of Eed Men, and is well known in social as well as business circles. He is a most useful and progressive mercantile representative, his business is conducted upon the broadest basis of equity, aud those who enter into business relations with him may rest assured that their interests will be carefully guarded. Simon Grineb is a retired farmer living in Middleburg, Ind., where he has a pleasant home and enjoys the advantages to be derived from a residence in this flourishing city. He is classed among the substantial and respected citizens of the town, and is a de.scendaut of good old Pennsylvania stock. His great-grand- father a native of Germany, was the first of the family to come to America, and made the voyage when a young man. He settled in the town of High Spire, six miles east of Harrisburg, Dauphin county, Peun. , and followed the trade of wheel- wright. He was married in the town where he settled and became the father of three children: Philip, Barbara and Katie. He built a gristmill which he ran for many years, but finally sold it and purchased a good farm of 150 acres, on which he passed the remainder of his days. He was a religious man and at one time, a two-days' meeting, in the old-fashioned way, was held in his barn. He lived to be quite an aged man. After retiring from his farm he built a shop where he made fanning-mills and washing-machines. He was a substantial farmer in his day and spoke his native tongue. His son, Philip, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Dauphin county, Peun., and he was reared to farm life. He married Miss Margaret Wolfsbarger, a daughter of Fredrick Wolfsbarger, a tavern keeper of Campbell's Town, Lebanon Co., Penu. Mr. Griner lived for many years on the old home farm and there his fourteen children were born, twelve of whom reached mature years, married and reared families. The}' were named as follows: Mollie, Peggy, John, Philip, Fredrick, Mary, Sarah, Barbara, Katie, Betsey, Sophia and Jacob. Their descendants are now scattered over the great West. Those who had children in the Rebellion were as follows: Peggy, who married John Cassel, of Ashland county, Ohio, had four sons in the army aud three of them were drowned on a steamboat on the Mississippi River during the war; John, who set- tled in Wayne county, Ohio, on a farm, had three sons in the war, one died ia Louisville, Ky. ; Mary married William Marks, of southern Illinois, and had one son in the war. In 1833 Philip Griner moved with his family to Wayne county. Ohio, and settled on a farm where he passed the remainder of his life. He and wife were members of the German Reformed Church and Mr. Griner was a deacon in the same. He was quite a popular citizen and held a number of responsible posi- tions, being appraiser and assessor in Pennsylvania. He had the utmost confidence of the people and was administrator of several estates. He lived to be nearly eighty-three years of age and was the possessor of an excellent property, owning four farms in the Buckeye State, 693 acres altogether. This land he sold to his children. Philip, third sou of the above and the father of our subject, was a native of Dauphin county, Penn. , born on the old homestead, December 2, 1813, and received but little education, attending the subscription schools of those days a few weeks in winter for a season or two. As the family was large, the boys early began to work and during the winter they assisted in threshing the grain which was tramped out by horses on the barn floor. In 1S33, when a young man of twenty years, he went to Ohio with his father, and three years later was married in Wayne county, that State, to Miss Fannie, daughter of Jacob Gochawaur. To them were 226 PICTORIAL .LND BIOGRAPHICAL born three children : Barbara, Mary and Simon. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Griner settled on a farm in Wayne county, Ohio, and here his wife died a number of years later. He subsequently married Salome Moonensmith, daughter of a Ger- man Reformed preacher, and five children were the fruits of this union : Harriet, Ann, Kate, Adam and Jane. In 1853 Mr. Griner moved to his present farm in Middle- bury township, Elkhart Co., Ind. He bought '295 acres of improved land, for which he paid $5,500, and which had very good improvements for those days. On this farm his second wife died and Mr. Griner returned to Ohio, and was married in Stark county to Mrs. Sarah NefF, formerly Miss Jacoby. Mr. and Mrs. Griner are members of the Lutheran Church and Mr. Griner is the founder of the Griner Lutheran Church. He gave the land upon which it stands and he was also the largest contributor toward the erection of the church. He was one of the building committee, has been deacon for eight years and church trustee since the church was built. He has always been a prosperous man, but what he has accumulated has been by hard labor. At one time he owned 768 acres of laud in Indiana, but much of this he has since sold and divided the money among his children. When start- ing out for himself he had limited means and was obliged to work very hard to get a start. For seven years he was a teamster, and before the railroads were built he drove six horses to a big old-fashioned Pennsylvania wagon, which would hold up tons, and hauled goods from Pittsburg, Penn., to Wooster, Ohio. He also fol- lowed threshing for eighteen years, two years in Ohio and sixteen after he came to Indiana. He is now nearly eighty years of age and is yet quite strong and hearty and retains his faculties to a remarkable degree. Such men as he have developed and improved the county and made it what it is. In politics he is a strong Democrat. His son, Simon, our subject, was born on his father's farm in Wayne county, Ohio, April 13, 1842, and at any early age was left motherless, never knowing her care. His stepmother, however, was a veiy intelligent woman and young Simon, through her kindness, never realized the loss of his own mother, as she treated him as well as she did her own children. His advantages for securing an education were received in Middlebury township, this county, whither he had removed with his parents when in his eleventh year. He learned farming when young and early began life for himself. On March 15, 1861, when twenty years of age, he married and subsequently settled down to farming in Middlebury township, renting land of his father. One year later he moved to La Grange county, Ind., where his father had timber land, partially improved a farm there, but sold this for his father and returned to Middlebury township. For about ten years he rented land of his father and about 1872 he bought forty acres of his father's land, a short distance south of the corporation of Middlebury. Later he sold this land and bought 110 acres further south on the same road. This land he still owns and on this he resided until he came to Middlebury in 1892. By thrift and industry he gradually added to his farm until he now owns 172 acres of good land. In 1892 he bought a pleasant residence in Middlebury and now makes that town his home. Mrs. Griner is a member of the Lutheran Church, and takes much interest in church work. Mr. Griner is a strict Democrat in politics. To Mr. and Mrs. Griner have been born five children: William, Edward, John W. , Valentine, Oscar and Frank. The first named married Miss Frances Bedford, and is clerking in Middlebury. They have two children: John W., married Miss Effie Shutt, and is on his father's farm, and Valentine, married Miss Bertha Boles, and is a farmer on the home place. Simon Griner is one of the sterling citizens whose career has been one of industry and frugality. By thrift and perseverance he has accumulated a comfortable prop- erty, and to-day stands deservedly high as an honest, upright man. His word is as good as his bond. He is descended from good old colonial stock and may well take pride in his ancestors. Samuel F. Cripe is a descendant of one of the oldest pioneers in Elkhart county, Ind., Emanuel Cripe, who is now living on Elkhart Prairie, where he MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 237 followed farming during the greater part of the active years of his life. He is now in the eighty-sixth year, to which patriarchal age he has attained, without doubt, by correct living and by the possession of a sound constitution, inherited from his German ancestors. He was born in Dayton, Ohio, October 7, 1806, and was a son of David Gripe, a prosperous old farmer of Pennsylvania, Init in an early day removed from Somerset county to Ohio, where he carved out a home for himself in the woods of Montgomery county. His father, Jacob Gripe, came from Germany, and until his death was a resident of the Keystone State. Daniel Gripe became a resident of the State of Indiana in the spring of 1829. His wife was Madeline Miller, by whom he became the father of the following children: Samuel, Benja- min, John, Daniel, Emanuel, Betsey, Susan, Kate and Polly, all of whom came to Indiana within a few years of each other, having married in Ohio. Mr. Gripe came to Indiana before the land had been opened for settlement, and the Indians were plentiful but peaceful. They often came to his house, especially in the water- melon season. He owned a good farm of 200 acres on Elkhart Prairie, and was the first Dunkard preacher in northern Indiana. He possessed many Ghristian virtues, led a simple and unostentatious life, and through bis instrumentality many of the substantial, law-abiding and patriotic Dunkard families of that section came to the region. Throughout life he used the German language, and lived to be eighty- eight years of age. His brother Jacob lived to be ninety-nine years of age and also died in this county. Emanuel Gripe was born in Ohio in 1806, was reared on a farm, and after his marriage to Gatherine, daughter of Joseph Miksell, he settled on land in Ohio, where their eldest child, Susan, was born. About 1830 he removed to Indiana, and there the remainder of his children were born, as follows: Samuel, Mary, Eli, Betsy, Nettie, Lydia, Rebecca and Noah. Mr. Gripe had driven a team through to this State in 1829 and entered land, which, by hard work and industry, he increased to 600 acres, besides three houses and lots in Goshen. Although his literary education was lacking, he was naturally an intelligent man, and it was owing to this and to his energy and thrift, that he acquired his property. He was a hard worker, retired at dark, rose at 4 o'clock in the morning and lost no time, for on rainy days his time was spent in spinning flax. Realizing the value of a good edu- cation, his children were given the advantages of the common schools, and when they started out in life for themselves he gave them a considerable amount of either land or money. In politics he has always been a Democrat. Samuel F. Gripe, his son, and the subject of this sketch, was born on the home farm, two miles from Goshen, July 27, 1832, and in that vicinity was reared to manhood and received some schooling. He was married to Elizabeth M , daughter of Adam M , a shoemaker, of Locke township, and to them one child was born, Susan, whose birth occurred September 29, 185-. Her mother died on the 8th of March, 1855, and on the 10th of June, 1857, Mr. Gripe took for his second wife Eliza Stomotis, whose maiden name was Myers, a daughter of Adam Myers, a farmer of Stark county, Ohio. To this second union the following children were born : Amos, born August 5, 18—; Ella Nora. July 11, ; Jesse, October 28, ; Ishmael, July 4. 1S62; Jefferson, October 31, 1864; Mary G., May 18, 1866. After the death of his second wife, on the 16th of July, 1874, Mr. Gripe married, December 9, 1874, Mary Berkey, born August 30, 1836, daughter of Eliza and Nancy (Miller) Berkey. He was a substantial farmer of Somerset county, Penn. Mr. and Mrs. Gripe settled on a farm two miles southwest of Goshen, and lived there about fifteen years. By thrift he added to his farm until he was the owner of 300 acres of land, then moved three miles north of Middlebury, where his farm comprised 270 acres. This land he sold, however, in 1891, with the exception of eighty acres. Since that time he has owned and conducted a saw-mill in Middlebury, besides forty one acres of land south of the town, and four lots and three residences in the town. He has been a member of the Dunkard Church for more than twenty years, and a deacon in the same for some fif- teen years. He has been generous with his means in the support of this church, 228 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL and has reared his children in that faith with the exception of Jefferson. Mrs. Mary Cripe was the mother of live children by her first husband (Mr. Gardener): Anna Eliza, Ijorn Augnst 25, 1849; Nancv J., born April 3, 1861 ; John F.. born February 6, 1863; Eliza P.. February 2, 1870, and Cora A., August 10, 1873. James L. Eobison. This experienced and successful miller of Clay township thoroughly understands every detail of his line of work, and the superioritj^ of his product is well known and has become the means of placing it in every well-con- ducted grocery establishment in the county, which is, without doubt, the strongest endorsement the flour could have. Mr. Kobison was born in Erie county. Penn., April 16, 1832, to James and Betsy (Gouldin) Eobison, the former of whom was born in New York and the latter in Pennsylvania. The father was born and reared in Rochester, and during his youth learned the miller's trade in that famous city of grist-mills, to which occupatioa he devoted his attention the greater part of bis life. He was married in Erie county, Penn., to Betsy Gouldin, a daughter of Naham Gouldin, who was born and reared on Long Island, N. Y. The wife of Mr. Gouldin was of Scotch descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Kobison seven children were born: Clara, Jane, Louis, Louisa (deceased), Philenia, Alonzo and James L. After the celebra- tion of Mr. Kobison' s marriage, he and his wife resided in Erie county, Penn., until their respective deaths, the former always devoting his attention to the occupation of milling, in which he was successful and proficient. James L. Kobison, his son, was reared in his native county and learned milling under his father, iu whom he had an experienced and intelligent teacher. He remained with his parents until he was twenty-one years old, but in 1853 removed to Coldwater Mich., and jaurchased sixty acres of land near Batavia, where he successfully tilled the soil until 1887, when he disposed of his property there and purchased the grist-mill in Clay town- ship, on the St. Joseph Kiver, which he now owns and very successfully operates. Mr. Kobison was married in September, 1870, to Miss Mary Ensley, who was born in Branch county, Mich., to George and Lydia (Great) Ensley, native Ohioans, who were early residents of the ' ' Lake State. " The marriage of Mr. Kobison has resulted in the birth of five children: Jay, Cora, Fred, Bessie and Frank (deceased). Mr. Kobison has always supported the Democratic party, and is an intelligent, well- posted and public-spirited man on all subjects. Dr. Benjamin F. Teters. This professional gentleman, whose skill in the heal- ing art is well known not only through Middlebury townshiji, but also throughout Elkhart county, was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, October 16, 1860, and inherits all the sturdy characteristics of the Teutonic ancestors from which he sprang. His great-grandfather was born in Germany, but at an early date came to America and was one of the pioneer settlers of Westmoreland county, Penn. His son, Daniel Teters, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Bedford county, Penn., but subsequently settled in Westmoreland county, Penn.. where he reared his family of eight children. His son, Daniel Teters, father of subject, was born in that county and was there married to Miss Leah Stough, daughter of Daniel and Catherine (Clajqjool) Stough. Mr. Stough was born in Penusj-lvania and of German descent. At an early date he moved to Tuscarawas county, Ohio, as a pioneer citizen, and became a wealthy farmer. He was the father of nine children: Leah, Solomon, John, Rachel, Elizabeth, Mary, Jacob, Daniel and Josiah. Mr. Stough was a mem- ber of the Lutheran Church and died in that faith when seventy-four years of age. The Claypools were of English descent and descended from an old and wealthy familJ^ Mr. Teters settled iu Tuscarawas county where he followed milling, and met with a fair degree of success in that calling. His marriage resulted in the birth of eight children, as follows: Josiah, John D., Marion F., Leah C, Marion E., Mary E., Barbara and Benjamin F In politics Mr. Teters is a stanch Democrat and during the war he was a strong Union man. His son, Josiah, enlisted in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry; John D. , another son, in the Eightieth Regiment, and died of typhoid fever at Paducah, Ky., MEM0TR8 OF INDIANA. 329 and Marion F., who was first in the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment, re- enlisted in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth Oliio Volunteer Infantrj', and was but fifteen years of age when he entered the service. Dr. B. F. Teters supplemented a common-school education received in his native county by attending Mt. Union Col- lege for two years. When sixteen years of age he began teaching school in Ohio, followed this for about seven years, and by his own unaided efforts obtained a good practical education. He began his medical studies with Dr. P. P. Pomerene, a dis- tinguished physician of Berlin. Ohio, and remained with him for three years. He then attended Wooster Medical College, at Cleveland, Ohio, and completed his med- ical education at the Jefferson Medical College at Philadelphia, receiving his diploma in 1886. He was then associated with his preceptor five years, after which he came to Middlebury. This was in December, 1890, and he has had a fine and lucrative practice since. He has been absorbed day and night in a profession which is perhaps the most trying on brain and body of any in the field of science and his signal success in this calling is well known. Dr. Teters is a member of the Holmes County Medical Society and Ohio State Medical Society. He has a tine medical library and is a patron of the leading medical journals, keeping well posted on all the latest scientific improvements. The Doctor is a self-made man, having worked his way through college by his own exertions, and by ability and efficiency has acquired a flattering reputation as a physician. He was married on Septem- ber 13, 1883, in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Ephraim Adaline (Fisher) Showalter. Mr. Showalter is a substantial farmer of Tucara- was county, Ohio. To Dr. and Mrs. Teters have been born two children: Grace and Melwin. Thomas B. Chalfant. The gentleman whose name is at the head of this sketch, although no longer of earth, still holds a firm position in the memory and affection of his family and the numerous friends he won by his correct manner of living. He ■was born in AVayne county, Ind., February 18, 1820, son of Evan and Anna (Bulla) Chalfant, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania August 24, 1796, and in that section was reared. When a young man he took up his residence in Wayne county, Ind. , where he met and married Anna Bulla, a North Carolinian by birth, who was born December 20, 1799. Evan Chalfant arrived with his family in St. Joseph county, lud., November 1, 1832, and settled on a tract of land in Section 31, Clay township, where he made his home until his death. Jauuarj' 19, 1870. The land which he entered and upon which he settled borders on the corporate limits of South Bend on the north, but at that time was an unbroken wilderness, which Mr. Chalfant brought under cultivation through his own persistent efforts. When the family reached South Bend they passed through the village, and on Saturday night before the presidential election of 1832 they camped on the ground where the Notre Dame University building now stands, and the following week selected a farm. Mr. Chalfant was left a widower in March, 1849. The subject of this sketch, Thomas B. Chalfant, was a lad of twelve years when his parents moved to St. Jo- seph county. He was one of a family of six children, and upon the old home- stead in Clay township he grew to manhood, with the exception of three years that were spent in working at the carpenter's trade in South Bend. He was first mar- ried in 1848 to Miss Jane Melling, who was born in Ohio in 1825 and died in 1861, having become the mother of four chiMren, two of whom are living: Nancy J. and Evan T. On April 21, 1864, Mr. Chalfant took for his second wife Mis"s Elean- or C. Alford, who was born August 5, 1840, iu Elkhart county, Ind., a daugh- ter of Robert and Sarah (Cart) Alford, the former being a native of Green- brier county, Va., born April 28, 1804, settling in Harrison township. Elk- hart ounty, Ind., in 1842. He afterward became a resident of Elkhart town- ship, where many years of his life were spent. His death occurred at the home of his daughter, Mrs. Chalfant, April 25, 1888, in Clay township. St. Joseph Co., Ind. Mrs. Alford was a native of Virginia, born May 5, 1808, and her 230 PICTOUIAL AND BIOGHAI'UICAL death occurred Februarj- 17, 1880. Mrs. Chalfant hore her husband three children: Anna L., Mary L. and Robert G. Mr. Chalfant was a farmer of the progressive kind, and became the owner of about 165 acres of land adjoining the city limits of South Bend, which under his intelligent and progressive management became a model farm in every respect. He was a member of the county Grange, and for a long time was its treasurer. Coming from the Quaker settlement of Richmond, and related to some of the most iutluential Quakers there who were members of the famous "'Underground Railroad." he was naturally a Republican in polities and very active. From the organization of that party he was rarely absent from the coun- cils of his party, and ever exercised his right of franchise. He served one or more terms as trustee of Clay township, but was rather averse to holding office. He had the respect and esteem of all who knew him, for all respected and ad- mired his many noble qualities, his generosity and his natural kindness of heart. He died on the farm where so many of the active years of his life were passed July 20, 1892, deeply mourned by his family and friends. His brother, Evan Chalfant, was a soldier in the Mexican war, and while serving his country efficiently and faithfully was called from life. Mrs. Chalfant is still residing on the home farm, is in good financial circumstances, and enjoys the esteem of many frieods. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church, in which faith she was reared by her parents, who were members of that church for many years. A brother, John Chalfant. of Missouri, is the only living member of the familj'. Peter Winebrenner, house painter, of Middlebury, Ind. The name of this gentleman bears an excellent reputation for thoroughness and skill as well as for good taste and much artistic ability. He comes of thrifty German stock, for his paternal grandfather came from the Fatherland to America and began tilling the soil in Blair county, Penn. His son, Andrew, fatlier of Peter ^Yinebrenner, was born on his father's farm in Blair county, Penn., August 17, 1818, on which he obtained a practical insight into the details of agriculture, and in the vicinity of which he secured a fair education in the common schools. Upon attaining manhood, April 11, 1836, he was married to Miss Anna Hoover, whose father, David Hoover, was a farmer in Pennsylvania, but afterward, in 1846, became a resident of Noble county, Ind. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Winebrenner resulted in the birth of fourteen children: Martin, David, Henry, Ellen, Levi. Nancy, Peter, Adaline, Celeste, Donald, Sarah, Agnes and two that died in childhood. Mr. Winebrenner moved to Noble county, Ind., in 1846, and settled on a tract of wild land, which he converted into a good farm after much hard labor. In 1863- he engaged in the drug business in Ligonier, an occupation he continued for seven years, then settled at Lawrence, Kan. After a short time he moved to southwest Missouri, Init later returned to the Hoosier State and took up his residence in Huntington county, where he died in 1SS8. His career throughout life was marked by industry, and for many years he bad been an earnest member of the Christian Church, and all his lifetime, from the time he attained his majority until his earthly career ended, was in sympathy with the Republican party. Five of his sons served in the Union army during the Civil war: Martin, in Company A, David in Company D, Peter in Company D, of the One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and Henry in Company C, Eighty-eighth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, of which Levi was also a member. Henry was wounded at Chickamauga and was with Sherman on his march to the sea, and Levi died from the hardships incident to army life in January, 1864. Peter Winebrenner was born and reared on his father's farm in Noble county, Ind., his birth occurring January 10, 1848, but his education, which he was securing in the common schools near his home, was cut short by his enlisting, November 3, 1864, in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-second Regiment of Indiana Volun- teer Infantrv at Keudallville, at which time he was but fifteen years and ten months old. His regiment did garrison duty at Nashville, Tenn., until the close of the war and he was honorably discharged at Indianapolis, Ind. Notwithstanding his youth MEMOIIiS OF INDIANA. 231 he made a good soldier, and in June, 1865, was commissioned sergeant. Upon returning home he attended school a short time, after which he began learning the trade of a house painter, to which occupation he has given his attention up to the present time. In 1867 he espoused Miss Ellen Pake, and to them two children were born: Anna and Clara. His second union was consummated on the '22d of August, 1880, at which time Lydia, daughter of Matthias and Maria (Huston) Goodyear, born in Knox county. Ohio, Januar}- 11, 1S38, became his wife. Mr. Goodyear was born in Crawford county, Ohio, December 28, 1836, on a farm and came of German parents, for his father, Andrew Goodyear, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1804, served three years in the German army. He married Catherine Graftsmiller and together they came to the United States in 1827, settled in Crawford county on land on which he died December 23, 1889. Andrew Goodyear was a substantial farmer of Crawford county, became wealthy and reached the age of eighty-one years. A family of twelve children were born to him as follows: Christopher, Andrew. Louisa, Matthias. John, Catherine, Caroline, Mary, Barbara, Christeua, Daniel and Lueza. Matthias became a resident of La Grange county, Ind. , in I860, and after residing on a farm there for a few years he took up his residence in Clinton township, Elkhart county, where he still resides. He is the father of six children whose names are as follows: Lida E., Andrew, Mary M.. John W., Viola B. and Effie A. Both Mr. Good- year and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, in which he is both deacon and elder. Politically he is a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Winebrenner have a daughter, Viva E Mr. Winebrenner made his home in Ligonier until January, 1881, when he moved to Middlebury, where his home has since been~ As a painter and decorator Mr. Winebrenner' s work is decidedly artistic and he is a skillful and practical work- man, who is highly recommended l)y architects and builders. He owns a good house and lot in the town and he and Mrs. Winebrenner are highly esteemed as citizens. He has held the office of justice of the peace four years, is a member of the G. A. R. and is a charter member of O. and M. Foster Post, No. 172, of which he was com- mander for one yeai-. He and his wife worship in the Lutheran Church, in which he holds the positions of deacon and trustee. Geoege a. Thomas, Ph. G. is probably the youngest man in Elkhart, Ind., who is personally conducting a business of his own. His qualifications for managing his own business are such that he is not dependent upon others to manage it for him. Though young, he is full of energy, business qualifications, and thoroughly fitted for the calling he has undertaken. Mr. Thomas has spent nearly all the years of his life in Elkhart and is a favorite in both social and business circles. He was born in Goshen, Ind., December 22, 1857, to Dr. W. H. Thomas, whose sketch appears in this work, and graduated with honors from the Elkhart High School, after which he served a thorousrh apprenticeship in the drug store of J. G. Wise. Succeeding this he went to Chicago and entered the Chicago College of Pharmacy, which institution is one of the finest in existence, and from which h© graduated at the end of two years. During this time he was also employed in the drug store of F. N. Jamison, but upon graduating in 1890, came immediately to Elkhart, and after remaining with E. W. Forbes for a time, he purchased the fine drug store which he now owns and conducts on the corner of Main street and Tyler avenue, opposite the soldiers' monument. His establishment is one of the neatest and coziest in the city,, and instead of laying out his money for fancy furni- ture, he expended it in fitting himself for his profession, and the returns show the wisdom of his choice. He is the only graduate in phramacy in the city. He carries a full line of fresh drugs and chemicals, and is constantly receiving new perfumes, toilet articles, etc. Everything pertaining to a first-class drug store can be found here, and he is especially skillful in putting up prescriptions. Night calls are very promptly attended to and every reasonable effort is put forth to meet the demands of the trade. His establishment is very favorably located, and is exceedingl)' well adapted to its present use, while its equipments in every department are complete. 332 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHTCAL He is a progressive young mau of affairs, and socially is a member of the K. of P. and the Order of Eed Men. Andrew J. Greenwood. In scanning the lives and careers of the citizens of Clay township, it is pleasant to note the exercise of enterprise in every walk of life, and the achievement of success in every department of business. This one is enabled to discern in the career of Mr. Greenwood, who has for many years been a successful farmer and carpenter of St. Joseph county. He was born in Cumber- land county, Penn., October 3, 1836, sou of William and Susan (Pancake) Green- wood, the former's birth occurring in Cumberland county also, on September 27, 1809. A considerable portion of his youth was spent in learning the wagon maker's trade, and for thirty years he was engaged in the manufacture of wagons and agri- cultural implements in his native county. During his residence there he was tirst lieuteuaut of the Cumberland Guards. His father. John Greenwood, was liorn in England about the year 1781, and when a child of three years was brought to this country by his parents, who settled in the city of Philadelphia. Here John was reared and learned the shoemakers' trade, to which occupation his attention was devoted for many years. He was married to a Miss Ferguson, a relative of Major Ferguson, who was killed at King's Mountain during the Revolutionary war. To them seven children were born, five sons and two daughters. John Greenwood died at the home of his son William, about 1850, his wife's death having occurred about seven years prior to that time. In the spring of 1857 William Greenwood removed to Ohio, and after three years' residence in the vicinity of Worcester, removed to Ashland county, Ohio, where he purchased a farm. He afterwards lived in Richland county, and May 7. 18S8, died in Independence. Ohio. His widow survives him and resides in Independence, having become the mother of seven children: Andi-ew J.. Henrietta, Adaline. Van Buren (deceased), Ann, Emma and William. Andrew J. Greenwood was reared in his native State, and during his youth learned to make wagons and plows in his father's manufacturing establish- ment. When twenty-one years of age he removed to Ohio, and in the spring of 1858, came to St. Joseph county, landing in South Bend on the 22d of June of that year. He worked at the carpenter's trade with undoubted success for about thirty years after coming to this county, and many of the finest residences and barns in this section are the monuments of his skill and thorough knowledge of his calling. In 1862 he located in German township, where he bought some laud and made his home during the years that he devoted to his trade. In 1860 he went with a party of twelve to Colorado; crossing the plains overland to Pike's Peak, where he engaged in mining. He was married October 31, 1861, to Permelia Longley. born April 2, 1836, in Madison township, St. Joseph county, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Ruple) Longley, natives of Somerset county, Penn.. and pioneers of S(. Joseph county, becoming residents of Madison township in 1833. In 1888 Mr. Greenwood settled on the farm where he now resides in Clay township, which consists of 120 acres of well improved land. They not only enjoy a com- fortaljle competency, but the friendship of all who know them, and are honored residents of the section in which they have so long made their home. They are members of the German Baptist Church, and Mr. Greenwood is a Democrat polit- ically. He and his wife are the parents of six children: Charles (deceased), Grace, Gertrude, May, Homer C. and Eva, the living members of which family do credit to the parents who reared them. The two Pfeiffer brothers and their descendants. Jacob Pfeiffer, Sr. , was a na- tive of Bavaria, Germany. His father settled in the village of Miihlbaeh, having formerly lived in another portion of Bavaria. He had two sons and two daughters: Philip. Jacob, Elizabeth and Catharine. Philip and Jacob immigrated to America in 1833. They moved in private conveyance through France to Havre de Grace, from which place they sailed for New York. From New York, being on the way thirty-six days, they traveled by steamer and canal boat via Albany, Buffalo and MEMOIRS OP TNDIAJSTA. 233 Cleveland to Massilou, Ohio, thence to Wooster, and tinally settled on a new farm in Chester township, Wayne Co., Ohio. The two sisters married and remained in Germany, where they both died. In 1845, Jacob sold his share of the farm for $1,200, and moved with his family to Elkhart county, Ind. He settled on eighty acres of timbered land in Section 33, Middlebury township, where he built a log house and commenced to clear up a farm. In June, 1851, his house burned with all his goods. He then settled on another eighty acres near by, and this he sold in 1865 for S5,000. From this time until his death he lived with his children. He died at the residence of his oldest son in 1874, in his seventy-fourth year. Before he moved to America he was married to Elizabeth Knapp, who preceded him to her final rest. She was the daughter of Henry Knapp, of Miihlbach, Bavaria, and was the oldest of sixteen children. Mr. Pfeiffer was a Democrat, although he never took an active part in politics. Both he and his wife were, all their lives, memljers of the Liitheran Church. They had ten children. Of these, Jacob, Philipine, Caro- line and Frederick were born in Germany. The other six: Elizabeth, Henry, Christian, Philip and William, and one who died in infancy, were born in Wayne county, Ohio. Jacob Pfeiffer, Jr., the subject of this sketch, was born November 2, 1820, in the village of Miihlbach, Bavaria, Germany. He came to America with bis parents in 1833, when in his seventh year, and remembers quite distinctly when they all left the old country and can relate a great many interesting circumstances that took place during the trip. At an early age he was put to work at clearing the land upon which his parents had settled, and in order to help the family make a liv- ing. For this reason his school education was very limited. Yet by means of bard work and perseverance, with such books as he could get, he managed to acquire a tolerably good education for those days, and when be grew to manhood he taught several terms of school. In 1855 he was married to Susanna Stiver, daughter of JobnB. Stiver, formerly written Stover. John B. Stiver was a grandson of Casper Stiver, who served in the Revolutionary war. Casper Stiver's father came from Germany and was the first Lutheran minister in Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Pfeiffer have in their possession a large German Bible which was published in 1710, and which the old pioneer preacher brought from Germany. Jacob Pfeiffer, Jr., has three children: Ella J. was born March 12, 1856. She married Nicholas Pickrell, who died in 1876, leaving two children, Clyde E. and Edna I. Seven years after Mr. Pickrell's death she was married to Thomas P. Artley, by whom she has four children. Amanda C. was born April 9. 1860, and is the wife of David F. Cartwell, by whom she has two children. William H. was born December 12, 1864; married Emma Schrock and has one child. He is also a farmer. Jacob Pfeiffer has followed farming the greater part of his life, and at one time had over 400 acres of land, but he has sold off and divided among his children until be has only 136 acres left, which is farmed by a tenant. Mr. Pfeifi'er has purchased a handsome residence in the village of Middlelsury, where he now lives as a retired farmer. He and his wife are Ijoth members of the Reformed Church, of Goshen, Ind. He was raised a Democrat and voted the Democratic ticket until the organ- ization of the Republican party, since which time he has been a Republican. He has served as constable, township assessor eight years, and appraiser of real estate three terms. During the war, 1861 to 1865, he was enrolling officer for Mid- dlebury township, and helped to organize several military companies and contrib- uted in many ways for the prosecution of the war. Of Mr. Pfeiffer' s brothers and sisters, Philipine died at the age of five years, soon after coming with her parents to America. Caroline was married to Pickrell, by whom she had seven children: Jacob F., Ida E.,_ Henrietta, Lewis, Frank G., Frederick C. and Willard. Mrs. Pickrell died in 1873. Frederick Pfeiffer married Mary Flory and resides in Middlebui-y; they have no children. Elizabeth was married in 1861, to Moses Bartholomew, and died June 29, 1888. She had five children: Henry S. K., Nevada E., Ella M., Clara V. and Cora V. The latter died when one year old. Henry Pfeiffer enlisted 234 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL in the Union army anci served four years. He took part in many important engage- ments and was with Sherman in the celebrated march to the sea. After the war he married Sarah Millington, they had two chiklren, Edward O. and Clara. He (Hed in April, 1874. Christian, Philip and William were burned to death when their father's house was destroyed by lire in 1851 Philip Pfeiffer (brother of Jacob), died on the farm where he first moved when he came to America, at the age of sixty- two years. He was a soldier under Napoleon Bonaparte and served two years. He raised quite a large family, most of whom still live in Wayne county, Ohio, where they first settled. Gr. Frank Kiefer. One of the successful agriculturists of Clay township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., who is as conspicuous for his modest and retiring nature as for his intelligence and ability, is he whose name is at the head of this sketch Although his farm comprises but ninety-eight acres, it is a part of the old homestead and is so admirably tilled and every detail so carefully and intelligently looked after, that it is much more profitable than many other larger farms. Mr. Kiefer is a native of Clay township, his birth occurring February 2, 1858, bis parents being John and Elizabeth (Protsman) Kiefer, the birth of the former taking place in Germany, July 8, 1818. He was a son of Peter Kiefer, who came to America in 1825, settling in Stark county, Ohio, and a few years later in St. Joseph county, being among the pioneers of Harris township. John Kiefer was married in Michigan to Elizabeth Protsman, a native of Ohio, and after their marriage they located on the homestead in Harris township, and during the thirties purchased a farm in Clay township, on which the son, G. Frank Kiefer, now lives. At the time of Mr. Kiefer' s settlement the only improvement which had been made on the place was a small log cabin, and on him devolved the clearing and cultivation of the farm, and in this he was remark- ably successful, and made one of the finest farms in the county, well improved with substantial and commodious buildings. Here he made his home until his death, January 24, 1892, his wife's death having taken place September 23, 1881. They were the parents of eight children: Jacob H. , Eliza A., John W^., D. Wesley, D. Cyrus, G. Frank, and Harvey, and Clara who died in infancy. The eldest son, Jacob H. , enlisted in Company D, Eighty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry in 1862, and took part in all the engagements in which his regiment participated. He was taken prisoner and confined in Andersouville, where he died from stai*vation and exposure. G. Frank Kiefer was reared in Clay township, and in the schools of the same was educated. He was married March 26, 1884, to Millie L. Young, who was born March 5, 1860, in Harris township, daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Kocher) Young. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Kiefer has resulted in tne birth of one child: Ethel May, who was born in South Bend, Ind., August 25, 1885, and is an intelli- gent and promising child. Mr. and Mrs. Kiefer are members in good standing of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a stanch Republican. Dr. Fr.^nklin L. Putt is an old soldier and for many years past has been a suc- cessful practicing physician, for his genial personality and a kindly sympathy with those who come to him as invalids, brought him a clientele perhaps even larger than would have been attracted by his recognized ability and the success which attended his efforts. He belonged to that class of physicians who recognized the fact that there was something more than a barren ideality in "ministering to a mind dis- eased," or in other words that the mental condition of the patient had in many cases much to do with his physical condition, and always endeavored to leave his patients in a happy and hopeful frame of mind where the nature of the disease ren- dered this possible. The Doctor comes of Dutch stock, for his grandfather, George Putt, fled from Holland to avoid serving in the Schleswig-Holstein war, to which he was opposed on account of religious principles. He was a member of a large family of children and was one of thirteen brothers, one of whom was a general in the above mentioned war and one a prominent surgeon. The remaining brothers all fled to America and experienced many difficulties in effecting their escape and in MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 235 reaching this country. George Putt settled near Philadelphia, where he married a lady with whom he had become acquainted on the voyage to this country. Later he took up his residence in Coshocton county, Ohio, which, at that time was an almost total wilderness, and here he cleared a good farm, lived to be eighty years of age, and reared a family of eight children: George, Frank, Dauiel, Harmon, Philip, Lewis, Elizabeth, Hannah and one daughter that died unmarried. Lewis, son of George and father of the immediate subject of this sketch, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, but received no education in those early days, as there were no schools, but learned to read and write both English and German. He married a Miss Heluick, who bore him two children, one of whom died young, and Benjamin who lived to marry and rear a family and finally died in New Orleans. After the death of the mother of these children, Lewis Putt took for his second wife Susannah Buz- zard, who bore him eight children: Lewis, Daniel, Margaret, John, Joseph, Frank- lin L., Sarah, Levi, all of whom are living except Lewis. Mr. Putt settled on a farm in Portage county, Ohio, where he died at the age of thirty-eight years from the effects of an accident. He was a substantial farmer, a good citizen and a drum major in the old militia. Dr. Franklin L. Putt is a product of Portage county, Ohio, where he was born on January 16, 1844, and where he obtained a practical education in the common schools. When he was about four and a half years of age his father died and he was reared by Mrs. Joseph Reynolds, a widow, and by her daughter, Mrs. Luther Stohl, with whom he lived for a number of years and with whom he made his home after he had attained the age of six and a half years, both these ladies being to him as parents. "When President Lincoln made his first call for 75,000 men to serve three years, young Putt, then but sixteen and a half years of age, gallantly responded and on July 12, 1861, his name could be found on the rolls of Company A, Second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, at Akron, Ohio, and as he was not of the required height to serve as a soldier, he raised his heels in his boots and thus added two additional inches to his height. Notwithstanding these precautions he was still under the required height and was declined as a soldier, after which he was obliged to serve as a bugler and was mustered iu on August 16, 1861, at Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained for drill until the following December. His first active duty was at Kansas City, Mo. , and in the surrounding country, fighting the guerrillas, and iu this severe and dangerous warfare he served for one year, during which time he participated in many severe combats in Missouri with the famous guerrilla leader, Guantrell, among whose men were the Younger and James boys. He was in the battles of Pea Ridge and Cow Skin Prairie, and during the time the James boys acted as scouts for the Union army at the beginning of the war, young Putt became well acquainted with them and saw them frequently. He also became acquainted with the famous Younger brothers in the same way. His first revolver practice was with the James boys and from them he learned to shoot from the saddle, at which they were very expert, and one of their favorite pas- times was to circle round a tree and girdle it with bullets. The Doctor also met the famous Indian fighter. Wild Bill, and after the war met him again at Spring- field, Mo. In February he returned to Camp Chase. Ohio, at which place he was in the hospital for some time sick with typhoid fever. Upon recovering from this severe illness he was taken with the dread small-pox, during the progress of which he was in the hospital at Franklin county, Ohio, but upon convalescing he found that his eyesight had been impaired to a given extent. To prove the saying that "Misfortunes never come singly," he was next taken with typhoid pneumonia, which laid him on a sick bed for six weeks. On May 28, 1863, he was honorably discharged on account of disability and remained at home until the 13th of October following when, having fully regained his usual health he re-enli.sted in his old regiment as chief bugler, and rejoined them about sixteen miles northeast of Knoxville, Tenn., and the next morning participated in the battle of Rutledge. After this he was in a number of skirmishes, and after a short time the regiment 236 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL veteranized and was given furlough for thirty days, and young Putt returned to his home. When the regiment re-entered the service it «as assigned to the Army of the Potomac and while serving with this command, his horse unfortunately fell with him, injuring his head and right shoulder and disabling him for fifteen days. Following this be was in the battles of the "Wilderness and Petersburg, in the Wilson raid and was wounded at Stone Creek Bridge in the head by a musket ball, which made a furrow along the top of his head, carrying away a piece of the skull. He was unconscious for four hours, and this wound has ever since given him serious trouble. He was nest in the Shenandoah Valley in the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, W'ainsborough, Bridgewater and Kernnestuwn; after this his regiment returned to Petersburg with Gen. Sheridan: during this time he was on scouting duty. He was detailed for this work by Col. George Purington and was frequently sent within the rebel lines and several times visited Early's headquarters. He fol- lowed this dangerous, yet most necessary work imtil the close of the war, being with Custer in several raids: was present at Appomattox when Gen. Lee surrendered and took part in the Grand Review at Washington, D. C. After the war he was on duty at Springfield, Mo., and was mustered out of the United States service at St. Louis and houoralily discharged at Columbus, Ohio, September 25, 1865. During his notable and useful career as a soldier he was in nearly all the battles of the Army of the Potomac, was in AVilson's famous raid and was under Gen. Custer when he took charge of the Third Division. B}^ the explosion of a shell at Harper's Ferry, his clothing was nearly torn from his body and he was rendered deaf in his right ear. No braver or more devoted soldier served during the great Civil war thau Dr. Putt, and, although his career in the army was marked by numerous hardships, owing to sickness and wounds, he fearlessly and unhesitatingly discharged every duty, was true to every trust and after hostilities had ceased returned to his home with the consciousness of having lent valuable aid in preserving the Union. For one year after bis return from the war be attended school at Greensburg, Ohio, after which he began reading medicine at Roweville under a relative. Dr. W. H. Putt, and from 1867 to 1868 be attended a course of medical lectures at Ann Arbor, Mich., then bought out Dr. Putt, of Eoweville, and practiced his profession in that place one year. He then entered the college of Medicine and Surgery at Cincinnati, and after graduating in 1869, became to Mi Uersburg, Elkhart Co., Ind., where he was in the active practice of his profession until March 10, 1870. From that time until 1890, he continued to cure the ills to which man is heir in Middlebury, but owing to ill health, which in a great measure resulted from bis service in the army, he was compelled to retire from the active practice of his profession, and in 1888 and 1889 be lectured on microscopic histology in the college of Medicine and Surgery at Cincinnati, his being the first course of lectures on that subject ever delivered in the institution, and was therefore an honorable distinction. Dr. Putt has been a wide reader and is the possessor of one of the largest medical libraries in the comity. He was married August 4, 1867. to Rachel, daughter of Peter and Hester Wise, and to their union a daughter has been born named Masy. The Doctor be- longs to the civic society of the A. F. and A. M. Lodge, Xo. 570, of Middlebury, and be is now acting as its secretary. He is a Democrat, he and his wife are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church, and he has always been a scholarly man of scientific tastes. Henry H. Fickenscher. A large class of the farmers of Clay township led such modest and quiet lives as to be seldom heard of outside of their own township. They are doing tine work in their own community, but do not care to mingle in the more public matters of political life, and devote all their time and energies to the cultivat- ion of their farms and the development of the resources of their vicinity. Such men deserve more mention than they ordinarily receive, and it is a pleasure to here pre- sent one of them in the person of Henry H. Fickenscher, who was born in the town- ship in which he now resides February 29, 1859, his parents being John and Caro- MEMdlUS OF INDIANA. 239 Hue (Fox) Fiekenscher. natives of Germany. The father learned the miller's trade in his native land and followed that business until coming to America about the year 1853, after which he at once engaged in farming in Clay township of this county. Here he met and married Miss Fox, whose parents, George and Anna Fox, were native Germans, and settled on a farm near Lakeville, this county. John Fieken- scher lived in Clay township for several years, of which he was one of the most svib- stautial of the German residents, and became the owner of 160 acres of fertile farm- ing land. He did military duty in his native land in accordance with the laws of that country. His death occurred on the old homestead, October 3, 188'2, his wife's death having taken place a year earlier. They were the parents of four children: Ludwig S. Henry H., Edward D. and George. The mother of these children had been previously married to a Mr. Glassauer, by whom she had one child, Charles. Henry H. Fiekenscher was reared on the homestead in Clay township, and like the average farmer's boy, obtained a practical education in the district schools in the vicinity of his home. He became thoroughly familiar with the details of agriculture during his youthful days, and many a day was spent in hard labor on the farm. Upon starting out in life for himself it was but natural that he should become a farmer, and after the death of his worthy parents he purchased eighty acres of the old home- stead and on this place still makes his home. A brother purchased the balance, consisting of eighty acres, but Mr. Fiekenscher has charge of and farms the entire place, and on account of his careful management the income from the same is ample. Fifteen of his eighty acres is timber land. He was married on June 10. 1883, to Sophia Kuntsman, who was born in January, 1862, in Penn township, this county. her father and mother being Wolf and Sophia (Schafer) Kuntsman, native Germans, but now useful and worthy residents of St. Joseph county. Mr. and Mrs. Fieken- scher are the parents of two children: Lillie E., born September 5, 1884, and Hilda S., born April 4, 1892. The principles of the Democratic party have always com- mended themselves to his judgment, and he supports them whenever called upon to do so, like the consistent and straightforward man that he is. John J. Johnson is one of those men who faithfully served his country during the troublous times of war and is now a prominent, law-abiding, public-spirited and patriotic citizen. He is a product of the Buckeye State, his birth occurring in Marion county on the 1st of December, 1844, on a farm which was owned by his father, who came of a prominent English family who settled in America in the lat- ter part of the seventeenth century, within about twenty miles of Baltimore, Md. McMurray Johnson, the grandfather of John J., removed from Maryland to Marion county, Ohio, where he reared his three children: John M., Jonathan and Eliza. He cleared and improved a good farm about twelve miles west of Marion and there his declining years were spent. He was in good circumstances, owning about 24( I acres of land, and was a thrifty and practical farmer. The township in which he lived was named Montgomery from the town he came from in Maryland, and his home was but eight miles from the spot where the brave Col. Crawford was burned at the stake by the Indians. Mr. Johnson was an old-time pioneer to whom the West is largely indebted for the prosperity which it now enjoys, and after a well- spent life he died February 11, 1859. at the age of seventy-eight years. John M. Johnson, his son, was born on the old homestead in Maryland, October 16, 1802, and when a young man he removed to Ohio with his father, where he assisted him in clearing his woodland farm. He was given common school advantages and was married in Marion county, Ohio, to Eliza, daughter of William and Sarah (Doty) Odel, the former of whom was one of the tirst settlers of that county and came of English stock that for generations had tilled the soil. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Johnson resulted in the birth of six children that lived to grow to maturity: Thomas, George, John, Perry, Sarah and Nancy. Mr. Johnson remained on a farm in Marion county, Ohio, until 1845, then moved to La Grange county, Ind., settled on a tract of wild land where he resided until his death, May 28, 1850, when forty-eight years 16 340 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of age. He accumulated a considerable amount of worldly goods, was a substantial farmer and an upright citizen. He had three sons in the Rebellion: George, who be- came a member of Company C, One Hundredth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, served five months and died at Grand Junction, Tenn., of typhoid fever, February 4, 1863; Perry was in the Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, and John J., the sub- ject of this sketch. The latter was but an infant when his parents came to Indiana and in the district schools of La Grange county his scholastic education was acquired. "When Abraham Lincoln issued his second call for 300,000 men, Mr. Johnson promptly responded to the call and when only seventeen years of age, August 2, 1862, enlisted in Company G, Eighty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, as a private. His regiment was organized at Fort Wayne and mustered into the service of the United States at Indianapolis, August 29, 1862, and he soon found himself at Camp Yates, Ky. He was in the battle of Perryville, October 8, 1862; Stone River, December 30-31, 1862, and January 1-2, 1863; Elk River. Tal- lahassee, Ringgold, Grayville, White Oak Ridge, Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost, Reaaca, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Peach Tree Creek, Eutaw Creek, Jonesboro, Atlanta in the pursuit of Hood and in that greatest march in history — Sherman's march vo the sea, after which he took part in the engagements at Savannah, Averys- boro, Beutonville and Raleigh. He was present at the Grand Review in Washing- ton, D. C, May 24, 1865. In all the toilsome marches made by his regiment he only rode four miles. He possessed a good constitution and bore the hardships and privations of war well. He was mustered out at Washington, June 7, 1865, and was honorably discharged at Indianapolis June 18, 1865, and ten days later returned to his home and prepared to resume his unfinished education. He attended the La Grange Collegiate lustitiite for five years, from which he graduated in 1870, after which he became a pedagogue, an occupation which he followed in Indi- ana, Michigan, Illinois and Iowa in the common and graded schools, for sixteen years. On the 1st of June, 1871, he married Carrie, daughter of Joseph R. and Maria B. (Barrett) Ludwig, the former of whom was born in Berks, Penn., February 4, 1825, a German by descent and a miller by trade, which occupation he followed after his removal to Michigan in 1860. In 1863 he went to Van Buren, Ind. , and in 1875 came to Middlebury and purchased the Middlebury Mill, which he operated until his death, June 5, 1892. His marriage with Miss Barrett took place November 1, 1849, and resulted in the birth of two children: Harry B. and Carrie. Mr. Ludwig was an industrious man of high character, well educated and took an especial interest in theology. He was a deep thinker, an able reasoner, and he and his wife were members of the Lutheran Church, in which he was an elder for many years. Mrs. Ludwig came of Puritan stock of New England. Her grandfather, Nathan Barrett, and bis son Alva C. , settled in Northumberland county, Penn., where the former became a prominent and wealthy citizen, was a State representative, held many county offices and was for a long time justice of the peace. After his marriage Mr. Johnson taught school and also farmed, but later, in addition to teaching, followed milling at White Hall, 111. In 1881 he came to Middlebury and worked in the mill with Mr. Ludwig. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, in which he has been both elder and deacon. He is a stanch Republican and is one of the charter members of Post 192, O. & M. Foster Lodge, G. A. R., of Middlebury, and was its commander three successive years. He has always taken much interest in educational matters and has been secretary of the Middlebury school board tor the past three years. He is a member of the Chosen Friends, of which he has been secretary six years and is Deputy Grand Counselor of the State. He owns a nice residence in Middlebury, is a responsible citizen and stands deservedly high in the estimation of his fellows. He is the father of two children: Guy, born June 14, 1873, and May, born March 15, 1882. He did not hesitate to risk his life for his country and during his service was slightly wounded on three different occasions. At one time a bullet passed MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 341 directly through his rubber blanket, which was folded snugly, so that the ball made twenty-three holes in it and one through his blouse. He lost no time, was never in the hospital and was always ready to report for duty. His record was a very honorable one and one of which his children have every reason to be proud. Christian Stdtz. In the midst of the failures and disasters of life, it is a real pleasure to review the career of a man whose efforts have been crowned with suc- cess, and whose life has been honorable in every particular, as has Christian Stutz. He is now one of the foremost merchants of Middlelmry, and has been an active business man of the town since 1854, at which time Middlebury was a small hamlet. He was born in Lorraine, France, March 7, 1826, it being now a portion of Germany, a son of Jacob and Ann (Stiner) Stutz, the former of whom tilled the soil for a living until his death, which occurred at the untimely age of thirty-one years, at which time he was an earnest member of the Lutheran Church. Daniel Steiner, the maternal grandfather, was a soldier in the French army, and served under the great Napoleon in the celebrated Russian campaign, and was in the dis- astrous retreat from Moscow. After the death of Jacob Stutz his widow came to America and was here married to Peter Amstutz, and by him she became the mother of one child, whom she named Catherine. Christian Stutz, who was the only scion of his father's house, was brought by his mother and his maternal uncle to America in 1827, and after his mother's second marriage resided with his relatives. From that time on he was reared by his uncles, Daniel, Christian and Peter, and with some property which his mother left him and through the kindness of his uncles, he was given a practical common and high-school education at Wadsn'orth, Canton and Wooster. His instructors were fortunately able and experienced, and among the most competent were Archibald and John McGregor, the latter of whom ran for gov- ernor of the State of Ohio at one time. Christian Stutz learned the details of farm- ing in his youth, but when he left Ohio he turned his attention to clerking at Bristol, Ind., for Samuel B. Romaine, with whom he remained six months. Following this he did farm work in La Grange county, Ind. , for four years, after which he came to Middlebury and in March, 1854, he opened a mercantile establishment of his own, which he has conducted with a steadily increasing business up to the present time. When at Bristol he married Ann, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Harmon) Walker, the former of whom came from England and followed blacksmithing and farming. The Harmons were also from England. To Mr. and Mrs. Stutz four chil- dren have been born, all of whom lived to mature years: Eugene E., Milton A., Alice and Emma. Mr. Stutz began business in a small way and with a small capital, but by strict attention to his affairs, integrity and prompt dealing, he gradually built up a business of large proportions. Since 1880 his son, Milton A., has been in the business with him. and the name of the firm is C. Stutz & Son. They deal in cloth- ing, dry goods, boots and shoes, notions and groceries, in fact, everything contained in a general store. They carry one of the largest stocks in the county and the largest in Middlebury, or any country town, and have an excellent reputation as accommodating merchants and honorable dealers. Mr. Stutz has always attended strictly to his business, and has never meddled with affairs that did not concern him. He is a Democrat politically, but has never been an aspirant for office. In 1885 he erected a substantial brick store, and this year, 1892, erected a similar establishment adjoining, which will double the capacity of the establishment. His daughter Emma was married to Thomas Daily, a clerk in the First National Bank of Goshen. Milton A. married Alice C. Mather, by whom be has four children. Eugene E. is a member of the firm of Stutz & Walker, buggy manufacturers, of Goshen. Milton A. was born January 25, 1858, in Middlebury, received a practical education in the com- mon schools, and is a well-informed, intelligent and popular man of affairs. His wife is a daughter of Jonathan S. and Fannie (Defus) Mather, and her union with Mr. Stutz has resulted in the birth of the following children: Fannie A., Clara A., Mamie E. and Laura W. Socially Mr. Stutz is a member of the K. of P., and 242 . PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL politically he is a Republican. He possesses the confidence of the people, and has been treasui'er of the town of Middlebury for seven years. He is a pushing young merchant, and the stock of goods which he and his father carry is valued at $16,000. J. W. Slear, the well-known harness manufacturer and dealer in carriages and horse goods, in Elkhart, Ind., is at the head of the well-known firm of J. W. Slear & Son, their place of business being located at 420 South Main street, in one of the finest business blocks in the city. The firm has become widely known for the excellence of the goods sent out from their establishment, and has established a reputation which has secured a large and constantly increasing trade, which is most successfully main- tained. The enormous increase in the demand for carriages and wagons of all grades has led Mr. Slear and his son to engage in this branch of business also, and they keep a complete and select line of goods which they sell at very reasonable rates, and have created, especially among the farmers of the surrounding country, a popularity that may almost be termed personal friendships. He was born in Union county, Penn., in January, 1844, to Ellas and Susanna (Colar) Slear, who were of German descent and also natives of the Keystone State. The paternal grandfather, William Slear, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was an early settler of the State of Pennsylvania, where he followed the occupation of a tanner. Peter Colar, the mother's father, was a blacksmith by trade, and was a man of intelligence and energy. In 1864 Elias Slear removed to Ludington, Mich., where he resided until his death in 1884, having been quite prominent in military tactics and a cap- tain in the Pennsylvania State militia. He and his wife became the parents of eight children: Mrs. Harmon, of Ludington, Mich.; Kate, of Ludington, Mich.; Jane, of Brown county, Kan. ; and John W. , who is the youngest of these children who are the living members of the family. John W. Slear was reared on a farm, ed- ucated in the public schools, and in 1861, when only sixteen years of age, his name could be found on the rolls of Company D, Twenty-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry, with which he served until the war closed. He held the rank of second sergeant and was in the battles of Gettysburg, Fredericksburg and Antietam, besides numerous other engagements of less importance. He was a useful and faithful soldier, was always found at his post of duty, and owing to his rugged constitution was not sick a day during his long term of service. He was not wounded, and upon being mustered out at Hagerstown, Md. , he returned home in fair health, to once more take upon himself the duties of civil life. Six weeks later he started west, and for one year was a resident of Bellevue, Ohio, but since 1866 he has been a resident of Elkhart, Ind., which at that time had about 1,000 inhabitants. He estab- lished himself in business in a store room located where the Masonic Block now stands, but fire destroyed this establishment and left him, stranded on a financial shoal. Pluck and energy stood by him however, and in a short time he was again out of deep water and floating on a prosperous sea. Although twenty-six years of his life were spent in the service of others as a journeyman, they were well spent, and in laboring for others he learned the value of punctuality, faithfulness and industry and these attributes have been of great use to him since he engaged in business for himself in 1891. His place of business is located at 420 South Main street, in one of the finest blocks in the city, and although it has been in operation only a short time it will compare favorably with any similar establishment in this part of the State, and ably demonstrates what can be acomplished when a man possesses deter- mination and good business qualifications, as Mr. Slear most certainly does. As a harness-maker Mr. Slear has long had a reputation of his own, and farmers espe- cially come uniisual distances to purchase goods from him and to have him oversee their repairing, while his city patronage is not surpassed by any concern. It is a well-known fact that his goods are always reliable and his prices reasonable. The firm of Slear & Son carry an immense stock of light and heavy harness, ranging from the article used by a truckman to that desired by a gentleman who owns fancy MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 243 horses aad drives for pleasure ouly. They also carry a fall line of carriages, road carts, wagons and vehicles of all descriptions, turf goods, whips, winter supplies, trunks, valises, bags, telescopes, gloves and mittens in endless supply, in fact every- thing that is kept in a first-class store. The stock is finely arranged in apartments and is so advantageously disposed of about their handsome and commodious store room and in the large show windows, that it is the observed of all observers. A force of harness makers and expert repairers is constantly kept busy, and make it a point to turn out work with neatness and dispatch. Mr. Slear's son, Ed A. Slear, be- came a member of the firm in May, 1892, and by his energy and pleasant and accommodating ways has contributed very considerably to the growth of the business they now enjoy. He is a capable and energetic young man, and for several years was an operator on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, where he was highly esteemed for his efficiency and trustworthiness. He is an able assistant to his father, and together they can not fail short of marked success, if hard work and business insight can accomplish anything. Mr. Slear is very popular throughout the county and has served four years as constable, four years as city councilman and has been suggested as a candidate for mayor, but respectfully declined the honor. Any ordinary city office he is capable of filling, but prefers to devote his time and energies to his business affairs. He is a member of the K. of P. and having been a gallant soldier in the Union army, is now an enthusiastic member of the G. A. R. posts of the city, and in addition is a member of the civic society of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Politically he is a Democrat and has supported the men and measures of that party. The maiden name of his wife was Lou Smith, by whom he became the father of two children; Charles and Ed- ward, the former, as well as the latter, having been employed on the Lake Shore Railroad. Mr. Slear's second wife was Miss Lou Walter, by whom he has three children: Nora, Walter and Pearl. Mr. Slear owns a handsome residence in Riverside as well as considerable other vahiable property, and he and his wife are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Edson Foster. Although Elkhart county, Ind. , is well known for the energy, enterprise and push of its merchants, Edson Foster stands in the van in this enterprise, has shown much wisdom in the conduct of mercantile affairs, and through honorable efforts has built up a paying patronage and an enviable reputa- tion. He is of Scotch-Irish descent and his remote ancestors were among the early settlers of New England. Hesekiah Foster, his grandfather, was a native of New Hampshire and took part in the American Revolution. He married and reared a family, and both he and his wife lived to an advanced age, his family being especially noted for longevity. William E. Foster, his sou, was born in 1797 on a New Hampshire farm, and after receiving a common-school education, he left his native State to remove to Vermont, where he was married to Lucinda Walker, by whom he became the father of four children: Jane, Emily, Mary and Edson. After farming in Vermont until 1829 he removed with his family to Orleans county, N. Y. , where he purchased a farm on which he resided for seven years, coming to Middlebury, Ind., in 1836, and until his death resided four miles south of the town. His dissolution took place in the spring of 1837 at the age of forty years, at which time he was the owner of 240 acres of land. He was quiet and unpretentious in his manners, but possessed decidedly independent views and in politics was an old line AVhig, and in religion was a Universalist in belief. Edson Foster was born at Tunbridge, Vt. , August 29, 1821, was brought up on a farm, received the advantages of the common schools, and at the age of fifteen years came to Elkhart county, Ind., with his father, traveling by team and lake vessels. He well remembers the Pottawattomie Indians who were removed from northern Indiana, the year following their arrival. In 1845 Edson Foster married May H. , daughter of James J. and Dolly (Hoffman) White, and to them one child was born, a daughter, who lived to grow to maturity: Mary J. After his marriage Mr. 244 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Foster remained for a short time on the home farm, and, haviug been a teacher prior to his marriage, he continued to follow this occupation in Elkhart county for about ten years thereafter, and became well known as a thorough and practical educator and a good disciplinarian. After following the calling of a clerk for four years he embarked on the mercantile sea in Middlebury, and has followed the calling uninterruptedly and with financial success since 1852, but at the same time has looked after his farming interests also. He has from time to time added to his land until he is now the owner of about seven hundred acres, and is considered a practical and experienced farmer. He is an independent thinker, and throughout a long business career he has shown keen commercial characteristics, and has a reputation that is untarnished. He is a quiet man of broad and liberal views on all subjects of importance, is widely known throughout his section of the county, and his experience as a man of affairs has given him much insight into human nature and little sympathy with pretentious show. He has supported Republican principles for many years and gives liberally of his means in support of enterprises that commend themselves to his excellent judgment. His wife was born in New Jersey and is a woman of much intelligence and excellent opinions. Their daughter, Mary J., married Albert J. Hickox, a man of liberal education and tine business ability, and a resident of San Francisco, Cal., where be was reared. He was a member of the Pacific Mining Stock Exchange of San Francisco, and died there July 1, 1883. After the Sand-lot riots occurred, he, in connection with D. O. Mills and other capitalists, went to New York City and formed the Petroleum and Mining Stock Exchange, with offices in Philadelphia and New York. His son, Edson, is now attending the Military Academy of Upper Alton, 111., and is a young man of intelligence and much promise. Mrs. Hickox has resided in South Bend with her parents since his decease. John V. Zeitler is a Bavarian by birth, for in that country he first saw the light of day, May 2, 1835, but he has been a resident of this country since 1847, and has become thoroughly Americanized. His parents, Henry and Catherine (Klughart) Zeitler, were born in Germany, the former in 1802, aud throughout life his atten- tion was devoted to farming. He was married to Catherine Klughart, who in due course of time presented him with five children: Margaret, Catherine, Elizabeth, John V. , and Andrew, whose death occurred in Alabama, at which time he was in the mercantile business and the owner of 3,000 acres of land. The father of these children died in Germany in 1842, and his widow subsequently married John M. Meyers, a native of that country, and in 1847 the family came to America, going by water to Chicago and up the St. Joseph River on a flat-boat, the journey up that river occupying one week. As it was during the month of August and the river was low, a great deal of time and hard work was necessary in getting their boat over the sand bars, etc. They were among the first Germans to come direct to South Bend, and soon after they settled on a farm six miles south of the town in the vicinity of Bremen, Ind. A year later they took up their residence in Clay township on the farm which is now owned and occupied by John V. Zeitler. The land was par- tially improved, a log cabin had been built on the place, into which they moved, and a little clearing had been done. Both Mr. and Mrs. Meyers died in South Bend. John V. Zeitler came to this country with his mother and step-father, and in 1872 purchased the homestead in Clay township, and his parents moved to South Bend. During his early years Mr. Zeitler spent many days in hard labor on the home farm, but in 1865 went to South Bend, and in company with his step-father and J. C. Knoblock, purchased the St. Joseph Flour Mill, the management of which was placed in the hands of Mr. Zeitler, which position he acceptably filled for six years. He then sold his interest in this mill, returned to Clay township and purchased the old homestead for $10,000. At that time there were few improvements on the place, and the present fine buildings and the convenient and comfortable surroundings represent the industry and thrift of years. The farm, which contains 160 acres, is MEMOIRS OP INDIANA. 245 esceptioaally fertile, and is conveniently located one mile north of the city limits of South Bend, which makes it especially valuable. He owns 135 acres in another part of the same township, the result of his intelligent management, and every enterprise to which he has devoted his attention has been a successful one. Since he has been a resident of Clay township he has held the offices of trustee and assessor, but as a rule has not been an aspirant for office, his business enterprises occupying the most of his attention. He began the battle of life without means, and can well recall the time when he worked for 50 cents a day, and $6 and $10 per month. At the present time he is one of the heaviest tax payers in the township. He was married May 9, 1867, to Miss Lotta Kleindinst, a native of Germany, by whom he has two children: Charles and Edward. Mr. Zeitler is a worthy member of the A. F. & A. M., and politically supports Democratic principles. William H. Alley. Tradition says that the founder of the Alley family in America, came from England with the Pilgrims in the famous ship, the "Mayflower," and settled in New England in the Green Mountain State, where W. H. Alley, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born and received a common-school education. During his early manhood he learned the trade of a tailor, and traveled throughout the country, making buckskin suits for the people, which won for him the cognomen of the "buckskin tailor." He was married twice, and by his tiist wife became the father of several children who eventually settled in the blue grass regions of Kentucky. Their mother died in Vermont. Mr. Alley fiually removed from his native State to Washington county, Penn., at which time countless numbers of deer roamed through the forests, and every farmer and hunter was well supplied with buckskin, which was made into suits by Mr. Alley, who went from house to house for that purpose, which was the general custom in those days. He was mar- ried in Pennsylvania to Mrs. Susan J. Eastep, a widow, and their marriage resulted in the birth of seven children: James, Henry, John, Ebby, Margaret, Betsy and Dorcas. The father of these children died at Pinleyville, Penn., when in his sixty-eighth year, and up to the day of his death was very strong, muscular and active. The day prior to his death he walked sixty-five miles, and while over- heated drank copiously of cold water, which was the immediate cause of his death. He was very supple, and could spring over two horses, taking a few steps and jumping from the ground. He was a man of sterling integrity, was sober, indus- trious, and he and his wife were worthy members of the Baptist Church. His son John, the father of the immediate subject of this memoir, was born in Washington count}', Penn., and after receiving a good practical education in the common schools, began teaching the young idea, and followed this occupation with success in the vicinity of his home in Washington county, Penn., for thirty-two years. In con- nection with this occupation he followed the calling of a carpenter during the sum- mer seasons, these occupations bringing him in a comfortable competency. Jane, the daughter of William Henry and Elizabeth (Livingston) Armstrong, became his wife, the Armstrongs being of Scotch-Irish and the Livingstons of Irish lineage. Six children eventually gathered around their board, whom they named as follows: William H., James, Elizabeth, Margaret, Beulah and Susan M. Mr. Alley was an intelligent and capable man of business, and while he did not hold office, he attended to the township business for others for many years, and in other ways identified himself with the welfare of his section. Politically, he was an old line Whig, the principles of which he espoused up to the time of his death, which occurred at about the age of seventy years. He was at all times temperate and prudent, honorable in his dealings, and during his long career as a pedagogue, taught two generations of pupils what knowledge they obtained of the "world of books." He was orderly sergeant in the old-time militia, and was present with the troops when they were called out at the first execution in Washington county, Penn. The circumstances of the case were that a runaway slave from Virginia had come into the county in his efforts to escape, and was followed by his master who captured him and took 246 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL bim awaj'. The master was found dead and the slave was recaptured and hung. It was believed that he was innocent, that another negro with whom he was asso- ciating at the time did the shooting, for he was considered a desperate character. William H. Alley, his son, and the subject of this sketch, was born on October 15, 1830, received the common education of his day, but has since increased his knowl- edge by reading good literature and posting himself on tlie current topics of the day by means of the newspapers. He learned the trade of a shoemaker in his native county, which occupation he followed for about twenty-two years, principally in the towns of Cannousburg, Washington and Brownsville. In Millersburg, Holmes county, Ohio, he was married to Miss Letitia Haggerty, daughter ef John and Mary (Donaldson) Haggerty, the former of whom was of Irish descent and a native of Washington county, Penn. He and his wife became the parents of six children: Mary J., Ellen, Sarah A., Elizabeth. Matilda and William. Mr. Haggerty ■was considered an expert stone mason and brick layer in Cannousburg, Penn., and at the age of seventy years died in Noblestown, of that State. He and liis wife were members of the Methodist Church, in which he was a class leader and church trustee. He was well respected, well educated and capable. The Donaldsons were of Scotch origin, and the grandfather of Mrs. Alley was a wagon maker, was well- to-do, and left considerable property to his children. His brother iu Scotland left a large estate which is unclaimed by his American heirs. To Mr. and Mrs. Alley three children have been born, the birthplace of all being Cannousburg, Penn. : James, born July 12, 1858; Harry H., born April S, 1862; and Mary J., born March 27, 1863. Mr. Alley was a member of an old militia company and also of the Brownsville Blues, which were State troops. He was called out with his company in 1862 and assisted in guarding the Williamsburg Pike at Hagerstown, and was on the battlefield of Antietam after the battle and before the dead were buried, and describes the scene as frightful. He was mustered into the United States service at Harrisburg, Penn., and was mustered out at the same place, having prior to that time endeavored to enlist on two different occasions, but was rejected on account of disability. He was made a Mason at Cannonslnirg, and held the office of senior warden, and has since discharged the duties of treasurer of his lodge at Middle- bury. In 1865 he came to Middlebury with his family, where he has since followed his business of shoemaking. For a long time he did an extensive and pushing business, employed two men, and did a great deal of line custom work, for he is a ver}' skillful workman and does first-class sewed work. He has always been an industrious and economical man, and through these means has accumulated a com- petency, and is now in easy circumstances. He gave all his children good educa- tions in the graded schools of Middlebury, and his daughter, Mary J., has attended the normal school at Goshen and Valparaiso, Ind., and for seven years has been a successful teacher of Middlebury, five years of which time she has been in the grammar department. The son, James, married Sarah Barnes, by whom he has two children, is a house painter by trade, and resides at Mooresville, Mo. ; Harry H. is a painter and grainer at Westville, Ind. Mr. and Mrs. Alley are mem- bers of the Lutheran Church, and politically he was a Douglas Democrat and voted that ticket for years, but is now a strong Prohibitionist, and stands high as an hon- orable man who has all his life pursued a course of integrity. During the Civil war he was deputized by Recruiting Officer McDauiels to take five men from Cannousburg to Harrisburg and deliver them to the commander of the post of that city. He was well received and took dinner with fche officer of the day. It was at this time that he made an ineffectual attempt to enlist in the Union service, but permitted one of his apprentices, William Donaldson, who still had two years to serve, to enlist. Ho took an active part in the battles of Antietam, Gettysburg and Fredericksburg, and was an excellent soldier. Christian Bucher. The very fine farm owned by the subject of this sketch comprises 160 acres, is cultivated in a very intelligent and profitable manner, and MEMOIRS OP INDIANA. 247 is situated in a desirable portion of Clay township. Mr. Bucher is a native of ■Switzerland, where he was born February 2, 1820, a son of Ulrich and Margaret (Platter) Bucher, also of that country, the father's birth occurring August 15, 1784. His early days were very monotonous, and were marked by hard and continuous labor. He did military service upon attaining a proper age, according to the laws of his country, but in 1833 left Switzerland for America, bringing his family with him. He settled on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, where he spent a number of years, then came to St. Joseph county, purchasing a farm in Clay township, of which his son Christian is now a resident. On this farm he spent the remainder of his days, paying the last debt of nature October 24, 1858, his wife's death having occurred a number of years earlier in Ohio. To him and his wife a family of seven children were granted, three of whom are living at the present time. The subject of this sketch was thirteen years of age when America became his home and during his long residence in the United States he has become thoroughly Americanized and is a most loyal subject of Uncle Sam. During the nine years that he resided in Stark county, Ohio, he attended the district schools, but as the advantages were very poor, his education was but limited. He carried a Bible to school, it being the only book available, and from it learned what knowledge he could of reading. In the spring of 1842 he came to St. Joseph county and the first year was spent on the farm of John Metzger, on Harris Prairie, his services throughout the year amounting to $9 per month. At that time his capital consisted of a good constitution and a couple of suits of home-made clothes. For ten years he worked by the month and by indefatigable industry and perseverance, and the most rigid economy, he was enabled to purchase 80 acres of land in Clay township and begin farming for him- self. He has since added to his real estate until he now owns 160 acres, which makes him one of the most fertile of farms, owing to the careful manner in which every detail is looked after. On November 8, 1849, Mr. Bucher took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Mary Smith, who was born in Stark county, Ohio, March 15, 1832, a daughter of George and Catherine (Kiefer) Smith, both of whom were born in Germany and came to America with their parents, their marriage occurring at Canton, Ohio, in December, 1829. Mr. Smith was one of the pioneers of St. Joseph county, Ind. , taking up his residence in Harris township on the county line between Elkhart and St. Joseph counties in the spring of 1835, where he and his wife eventually passed from life. Three years after the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Bucher they settled on the farm in Clay township where they now reside. Six chil- dren have been born of their union: Lydia, George, David, Edna, Eddie and Elva. Mr. and Mrs. Bucher are members of the Evangelical Church, of which they are active and liberal supporters, and he is a supporter of Republican principles. William McCombs has long since passed to that bourne whence no traveler returns, but he left his impress on the section in which he resided and his memory will long be treasured by those who knew and respected him in life. He was born near Worcester, Ohio, January 31, 1818, a son of Lambert and Hannah (Hague) McCouibs, natives of Pennsylvania, who were among the early settlers of St. Joseph county, coming here in July. 1829, and braving the dangers and privations of pioneer life in order to estalalish a comfortable home for himself and family. He first settled in Clay township near the present site of Sider's Mill, and there the family passed the winter of 1829-30. The following spring they removed to the west side of Portage Prairie in German township, in which year the land came into market, and Mr. McComb purchased a farm in Section 26, which he settled in the spring of the following year. The land was wild and unimproved and the Indian population many times exceeded that of the white, but Mr. McComb was of a hopeful disposition and knew that time would remedy that state of affairs, so set energetically to work to improve his farm. A log cabin was erected on the place and there he made his home until circumstances permitted the erection of a better residence. After making many improvements Mr. McComb sold the property and 248 PICTORIAJ. AND BIOGRAPHICAL settled one mile west on a farm on Portage Prairie. About the year 1848 he disposed of this property also, and in the fall of that year started for California. The family spent that winter in Missouri and the following spring resumed their journey westward. From that time until his death Mr. McCombs made California his home, and there his wife also passed from life at the advanced age of ninety-nine years. AYilliam McCombs, the subject of this sketch was a lad of about eleven years when his parents came to St. Joseph county, and in this section he was reared to the inde- pendent and healthful life of the farmer. On September 12, 1839, he was married to Miss Eva Cripe, who was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, March 2, 1816, a daughter of John and Eva (Roof) Cripe. After their marriage they immediately located in Clay township, which has been the home of the family ever since and where they reared a family of nine children to honorable and independent manhood and womanhood. They christened their children as follows: Elizabeth, John, Lam- bert, Maria, Samuel G., Eva E. , Hannah L., Sarah A. and William F. The father of these children was called from life in December, 1885, at which time he was a worthy member of the German Baptist Church, and one of its most substantial sup- porters. He was a very generous father, a kind and loving husband, and left his family well provided for. His widow is the owner of 247 acres of valuable land and resides in a commodious and comfortable residence. Eva E., Hannah L. and Sarah A. make their home with their mother. Mrs. McCombs rents her farm, and although her hair is white with the snows of many winters, she is still wide awake, energetic and active and transacts her business affairs in an intelligent and praise- worthy manner. She is one of the oldest settlers of St. Joseph county now living, for she came to this section with her parents in the fall of 1830. She has long been a worthy member of the German Baptist Church, and being kind hearted, charitable and generous, she has numerous friends. W. F. West is a business man of Middlebury, Ind., who has become well known for the honorable manner in which he has conducted his affairs, as well as for his shrewdness and sagacity as a financier. His father, Fletcher L. West, was of Eng- lish and Scotch lineage, but was a native of the Old Dominion, where he first saw the light of day on January 8, 1833. In his youth he received but three months' schooling, but managed to learn to read and write, and when almost totally unfitted to fight the battle of life for himself, he, at the early age of fourteen years, left home to make his own way in the world. In childhood he was taken by his mother to Buchanan, Mich., but upon starting out to fight the battle of life for himself he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and here learned the trade of a cooper, at which he worked in Elkhart arid Carson, principally, for a number of years, conducting a stave factory and cooper shop combined for three years thereafter at Adamsville, Mich. In 1878 he settled down to farming in Jefferson township, Elkhart county, where he is at present residing, and where he has many warm friends. His marriage with Miss Maria Williams was consummated in 1842, she being a daughter of Henry and Rebecca Williams. Mr. West has become the owner of a nicely improved and exceptionally well cultivated farm of eighty acres. Politically he has always sup- ported the platform of the Democrat party, and he and his wife have long been earnest members of the United Brethren Church. Although Mr. West is now in comfortable circumstances, he has traveled a rough road to gain a competency, and what he is now enjoying he has the satisfaction of knowing has been earned through his own efforts. His children are named as follows: William F., Otis C, George C. and Zilda A. The eldest member of this family, William F. West, was born at Carson, Ind., July 28, 1859, received a common-school education and learned the cooper business of his father. After working in Goshen two years he, in 1886, opened a cooper shop in Middlebury and employed four men the year round, a con- siderable portion of the time employing eight men, during which time he turned out a good deal of cooper's ware. In 1890, 12,000 flour barrels and 2,500 butter tubs were made. Ou April 12, 1883, he married Mrs. Jennie Cornell, a widow, and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 249 daughter of Benjamin Zeigler. Mr. and Mrs. West have one daughter named Mabel. Mrs. West was the mother of two children at the time of her second marriage, George V. and Mattie J. Cornell. Mr. West is a member of the K. of P., Middlebury Lodge, No. 311, in which he holds the office of prelate. In politics he is a Prohibitionist, and is a firm believer in the temperance movement of the present day. He has recently been elected justice of the peace, but held the same office in 1890, the admirable way in which he adjusted his neighbors' difficulties resulting in his present election, which office he won, although his opponent was a prominent old office holder and a man highly esteemed. He is the owner of real estate in Middlebury, comprising in all, besides the lots on which his residence and shop are situated, nine acres within the corporation. He stands deservedly high among the people of Middlebury, and is a citizen of excellent morals. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which Mr. West is a licensed exhorter. He is also Sunday-school superintendent and holds the office of steward. He is an intelligent man who holds his own views on all subjects, and, being a wide reader of good literature, his views are practical and sound. David B. Zeigler, a brother of Mrs. West, was a member of an Indiana regiment, enlist- ing from Jefferson township, Elkhart county, in 1862, and was killed at the battle of Murfreesboro, Tenn. He, in partnership with Mathew S. Caldwell, of South Bend, estaljlished an extensive cannery in Middlebury in the spring of 1893, for the putting up of fruits and vegetables. Stephen M. Cummins, D. D. S. In this country where so many young men are thrown upon their own jesources at an early age and are often obliged, while yet inexperienced and while yet unfamiliar with their own tendencies and inclinations, to choose their occupation in life, it can not always be expected that the most suit- able or congenial pursuit will be selected. It thus often occurs that a young man finds after a few years that he has made a mistake, and that in some other pursuit he can find a larger sum of pleasure and more substantial results. In the old country, where too often genius and ambition are both absolutely opposed by the old adage, " follow your father, my son, and do as your father has done," young men do not have the advantage they have here. In this country it is the trend of legislation to place no obstacle in the way of the full development of talent and the sky- ward expansion of genius. Consequently, it should be impressed upon the minds of youth that they should begin at an early age to practice introspection and should seriously study the famous Delphic oracle, ''know thyself." They will thus find as suitable an occupation as did Stephen M. Cummins who, while yet young, selected an occupation, that of dentistry, which apparently was just suited to his qualifications and desires. But in the case of Mr. Cummins, as in the case of many other men possessing a great variety of natural gifts, other occupations might have been chosen and the same or higher success have been achieved. This can not be used as an argument against the importance of self study, because, notwithstanding the great variety of natural gifts, it is still true that each person should discover what he is best fitted for and what pursuit contributes mostly to his pleasure and his purse. While Mr. Cummins would unquestionably have made a success as a business man, or as a practitioner of law or many other of the learned professions, it is likewise true that no dentist in Indiana has gone down deeper into the details of his profession, or carried the practice to greater per- fection. Let us see what he has accomplished. He was born in Elderton, Penn., August 22, 1889, and is of that famous Scotch-Irish ancestry which is noted for having given to the world nearly all the great orators and many of the most distinguished statesmen of modern times. Thus to begin with he was blessed with the blood and the renown of a famous race, a persistent, aggressive people destined to rise in company with the Anglo-Saxon to the highest civilization yet seen on earth. The family of which he is a distin- guished member first came to America for permanent residence about the time of the 250 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL Revolutionary war and located in the eastern part of the "Keystone State." where many of the descendants j'et reside. The Doctor's father, William S. Cummins, was born in Indiana coiiuty, Penn., and was there reared and educated. Upon attaining his majority he went to an adjoining county and followed his trade of carpentering, and there married Miss Isabella M. George, the mother of Stephen M. She came of an excellent family and in time presented her husband with live children, but unfortunately died when our subject was about twelve years of age and lies buried in the cemetery of the United Presbyterian Church in Arm- strong county, Penn. It thus transpired through the inscrutable providence of God that Stephen M. was destined to grow to manhood without the loving care of a mother, though through his tenderer years she had guided his footsteps. His youth and early manhood were passed in his native State and there a limited edu- cation only was secured to supplement his strong Scotch-Irish qualities. In 1855, not being certain of what he wanted, he undertook to learn the molder's trade under the guidance of an uncle, but was soon forced to abandon it, owing to failing health. Fortunately he then hit upon the profession which fate decreed should be his occu- pation through life — dentistry. He began the study at the age of seventeen years, and after close application and hard study, for about two years, hung out his shingle in Dayton, Penn. But he did not cease studying. He realized fully the great importance of keeping abreast of the times in the development of methods and appli- ances; in fact, from that day to this has been a constant student of the principles of his profession. This fact, coupled with his clear mind, strict honesty and determi- nation, has been the secret of his success. In 1859 he came farther west and located at Blufftou, Ind., subsequently moving to Warsaw, Ind., and in 1862 to Elkhart, where he has since lived and labored. Upon his arrival here he was but twenty-two years old, was without money or friends, had no resources whatever, as his father was poor, save his intelligence, pluck, laudable ambition and unswerving honesty of purpose. Yes, he had also the high renown of his race and had his profession. What could be expected but the acquirement of a competency and an honorable name? But he was compelled to struggle amid discouragements, for a great war was upon the nation and times were too hard to patronize the dentist, when aches could be borne, or teeth extracted gratis by the village blacksmith. Amid the hard times the outlook was rendered more discouraging by his ill health — in fact, sickness prevented him from entering the army and well nigh prevented him from making a livelihood from his profession. Steadily, as times grew better, his business expanded and his skill increased. Customers continued to multiply and prosperity was assured. Friends arose around him, for his life was pure, his social attainments high and his manners attractive and winning. Thus he grew in influence and usefulness until to-day he is one of the most distinguished citizens of the State. His first unpretentious office was in Morehouse block on Main street, and there his first years of waiting and discouragement were passed. Now his elegant rooms are a delight to the eye and his practice is probably the largest in the State. After a time he found himself unable to do the work required of him and was compelled to secure assistants, of which he now has several. All the latest and most improved methods and appliances are found in his well-equipped office. A full set of beautiful teeth can be produced in his office in four hours. Every improvement which inven- tion and science has given to the dental world has been taken advantage of by Dr. Cummins. In 1869 he took the degree of doctor of dental surgery from the Ohio College of Dental Surgery, Cincinnati. In 1885 he was elected mayor of Elkhart and served one term. Back in his life when he was first endeavoring to solve the bread and butter pi-oblem, while he was at Bluffton, Ind., he met, loved and won a beautiful girl, Miss Helen M. Case, of that town, and they were married. Two sweet, accomplished daughters are the result of this union. The Doctor is gentlemanly, full of enterprise and energy, a lover of home and country, and affiliates with the Masonic fraternity and the Episcopal Church. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 251 Albert J. Knepp, of Middlebury, Ind., is among the self made and practical business men of this town and has certainly been the architect of his own fortuues. as be began life with nothing except a sturdy determination to succeed by industry and thrift. He comes of an old colonial family of Pennsylvania, whose ancestors came from Germany at a period long antedating the American Revolution. The great-grandfather of Albert J. Knepp, Peter Knepp, was a soldier of that war and his son Peter was a soldier ot the War of 1812, and gave valuable aid to the American cause. He resided with his people in Snyder county, Penn., for many years, and there he became a substantial and progressive farmer, a calling to which his attention was directed the greater portion of his life. His sou Peter, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in that county and was there married to Sophia Smith, by whom he became the father of six children: Edward, Albert J., Sophia, Margaret. Polly and Calvin. The father of these children, like his father before him, became an honest and prosperous tiller of the soil, won the highest respect of his acquaintances as an honest and upright maii, and at all times supported the platform of the Republican party. At the present time he is supervisor of this township and is in the enjoyment of the public's confidence as well as in the enjoyment of a comfortable competency. His sun, Albert J. Knepp, was born in Snyder county, Penn., July 24, 1855 on the farm belonging to his father, and in the district schools in the vicinity of his home he received a practical common - school education, the intervals between the school terms being devoted to following the plow or wielding the hoe on the home farm. When twenty-one years of age, on the 24th of December, 1877, he led to the hymeneal altar Miss Mary Haines, daughter of Joseph and Harriet (Rouch) Haines, who were also Pennsylvanians of German descent. One child has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Knepp, Gertie, who was born on the 7th of January, 1878. After his marriage Mr. Knepp adopted the trade of a miller, which he learned under his father-in-law, and for three years worked at this business in Pennsylvania. In 1881 he decided to follow Hoi'ace Greeley's advice and ''go west,'' and the same year settled on a farm near Emporia, Kan., but after a residence there of one year he settled in Goshen, Ind.. and became an employe of the Goshen Milling Company, with which he remained for five years and here gained the reputation of being a first-class and painstaking miUer. Through the exercise of economy, thrift and self-denial, his earnings gradually accumulated until he had amassed considerable means, with which he purchased a half interest in the Middlebury Flouring Mill, of Joseph R. Ludwig, and came to Middlebury to reside. At that time the mill contained old-fashioned machinery, having but three runs of stones, but Mr. Knepp immediately began to make improvements, and soon had the mill equipped with modern machinery and it is now a full roller mill, pro- ducing exceptionally fine flour for the general trade, made by the new process sys- tem, meal and feed being also extensively ground. The mill was nicely fitted up in modern style at a cost of between §7,000 and S8,000, and through his ov,n efforts he now ranks among the first millers of the State, and is intimately acquainted with all the latest methods for procuring fine flour. The firm does business under the name of Knepp & Elliott, and their trade has grown to such proportions that from three to four car loads of flour are shipped per week, besides the large amount of flour that goes to supply the home custom. The business is constantly on the increase and is successfully managed by Mr. Knepp, who is one of those men who, by determina- tion, industry, thrift and economy, raises himself from a humljle l)egining to rank among the highest civilians. Such men as he are model American citizens and con- stitute the most sterling elements of society. He is held in high esteem by the people and has been a member of the town council of Middlebury, to which he was elected by his numerous Republican friendi. He and his wife are members in good standing of the Lutheran Church, and for many years have kept the faith. Peter Cripe. This gentleman is one of the many who have spent the greater 252 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL portioa of their lives ia developing the couatiy that their children and grandchil- dren might enjoy the advantages which they themselves were denied. In fact, these of the present day are the heirs of all the ages and proBt by the labor and self-de- nial of the hard-working classes of times past. Mr. Gripe is a Montgomery county Ohioan, where he was born May 12, 1824, his parents being John and Eva (Roof) Gripe, natives of Pennsylvania. John Gripe was born August 5, 1798, and in the State of his birth he was reared on a farm, in which State he was also married De- cember 26, 1813, his wife being a daughter of Peter and Margaret (Replogle) Roof, who were also born in the Keystone State. John Gripe removed to Montgomery county, Ohio, at an early day and after residing there on a farm until the fall of 1830, came with his family to St. Joseph county, Ind., and in German township, entered 380 acres of land, on which he erected a log cabin, and like the majority of pioneer settlers commenced at the beginning. In less than two years after his set- tlement he had entered about 900 acres of land in St. Joseph county, which, by energy and economy typical of the pioneer, he succeeded in greatly enhancing in value by judicious improvements, tin fortunately he did not attain an advanced age, for his death occurred February 25, 184:7, at the age of fifty-eight years. His widow survived him until December 12, 1863, having borne him a family of twelve children who were christened as follows: Elizabeth, Eva, Daniel, Margaret, Mary, John, Peter, Adam, David, Jacob, Fannie and Samuel. Peter Gripe came with his parents to this county and the greater portion of his life has been spent in German town- ship, with the interests of which he has thoroughly identified himself. His educa- tion was principally obtained in the subscription schools then in vogue but his advan- tages in this respect were of quite a limited nature. When his father died in 1849 the paternal duties of the family fell upon his shoulders and a younger brother, but the latter died about a year later and his responsibilities and duties became still greater. He remained on the old homestead until 1855, when he took up his residence on the farm where he now lives, which consists of 123 acres of laud which his father entered in an early day. At the time he settled on this land it was en- tirely covered with timber, but since then it has been cleared and made into a line farm, well improved with Imildings of all descriptions. January 14, 1855, he was married to Tilistia Skiles, who has been a resident of the county from her birth, which occurred May 5, 1836, her parents being Thomas and Mary (Fair) Skiles, who came to this section in 1830 from Ohio, the father having previously come in 1828, although he did not remain long at that time. At the present time he makes his home with his daughter, Mrs. Gripe, in Clay township, his wife being deceased. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Gripe resulted in the birth of nine children: Sarah J., Fannie, John, Edward, David, Jacob, Evaline, Elsie and Mary. Mr. Gripe is now the owner of 112 acres, nearly all of which is under cultivation and yields a very profitable income. Mr. and Mrs. Gripe are members of the German Baptist Ghurch, and although not strictly partisan and by no means an office seeker, he is a Repub- lican in politics. MosES A. GoRDKET. One of the honored and respected citizens of Middlebury, Ind., is the postmaster, Moses A. Cordrey, who is possessed of those advanced ideas and progressive principles which seem to be among the chief characteristics of the average Ohioan. He was born in Tuscarawas county, February 9, 1836, to the mar- riage of Thomas G. and Sarah (Shuster) Gordrey, and is one of the following children: Mary L., Nathan A., Margaret J., Dorcas, Daniel D., Sarah A., Moses A., Comfort, Eliza, Christiana and Diana. Thomas D. Cordrey was born in Pennsyl- vania in 1801, secured a fair education in the common schools, and in connection with farming, also learned the carpenter's trade. He was married in Columbiana county, Ohio, to Miss Shuster, daughter of Daniel Shuster, a farmer, and shortly after- ward settled in Tuscarawas county, that State, near New Philadelphia, and worked at his trade. He died in the prime of life, in 1844. Both he and his wife were members in good standing in the Bible Christian Church, and he took a decided in- MEMOIRS OF IXDIASA. 253 terest in educational matters, being school director for some time. He was respected by all for his integrity and uprightness of character. His father, Nathan Cordrey, was born in Pennsylvania and came to America when a young man. Settling in Lancaster, Penn., he was engaged in farming there until 1823, when he came to Ohio and located in Tuscarawas county, on wild land. He cleared up a good farm and on this passed the remainder of his days, dying at the advanced age of ninety- four years. At one time he was a contractor on the Erie Canal. He married Miss Sarah Avers and became the father of nine children. Moses A. Cordrey was left an orphan at the early age of eight years, and from that time on made his own way in life. He made his home with his brother in-law, K. Jones, afterward a merchant of Middlebury, and continued with him until fourteen years of age, re- ceiving his education in the common schools. He came to Indiana with Mr. Jones, arriving in La Grange county, April 22, 18-15, and settled with him on wild land. He remained with him eight years, and then for two years worked for farmers in the vicinity. In 1852 he came to Middlebury, where Mr. Jones had already settled, and began the miller's trade, at which he worked for four months. He was then taken sick with bilious typhoid fever and for some time his life was despaired of. After recovering he clerked for Mr. Jones, in the latter' s dry goods store, for five years, during which time he attended school in Middlebury and one year at a high school at Wolcottville, Ind. After serving as a clerk he learned the business of grafting fruit trees, and during the spring of each year worked at this business for at least fifteen years, traveling in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa and Kentucky. During this time he also worked at house painting. During the Rebellion he enlisted at Middlebury, August 9, 1862. in Company I, Eighty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volun- teer Infantry, and served nearly three years. He was taken sick at Louisville, Ky., and for three months was very near death. On recovering he became ward master in the same hospital and served until the fall of 1863, when he was transferred to Hospital No. 1, Louisville, as hospital steward, remaining in the same for four months. He was then transferred to East Capital Prison, and under the title of sergeant had full charge of this prison, which contained on an average 300 prisoners. In one room boxinty jumpers were exclusively confined, in another guer- rillas, among them being Capt. Davidson, Jerome Clark. Ellis, Sumauday, Mc- Gregor, Major Jones and many other daring men. Capt. Davidson escaped while Mr. Cordrey was home on a furlough. The way our subject came to hold this re- sponsible position was as follows: General John M. Palmer, who had charge of the East Capital Prison, had considerable trouble to get an honest man to take charge of the prisoners, their money and effects. The bounty jumpers and substitutes often had a considerable amount of money and the officers in charge of the prison had been accused by them of dishonesty. On one occasion a prisoner complained that he had been robbed of $65. Gen. Palmer made the remark that if he could find an honest private he would put him in charge of the prison. (The position was then held by a second lieutenant.) Dr. A. J. Octerlomey, the physician in charge of Hospital No. 8, exclaimed: "General, you have the man right here in your office. Private Cordi-ey." Mr. Cordrey was then writing at a desk about twenty feet from Gen. Palmer, who turned to his adjutant and said: "Write an order for Cor- drey to take charge of East Capital Prison." Mr. Cordrey was in charge of the prison for thirteen months and during that time handled much money belonging to his prisoners, at one time having in his box §39,000 of their money. He served in this prison until his discharge on June 23, 1865, at Indianapolis. The war being over, he returned home and began clerking in a drug store. On December 25, 1865, he married Miss Elizabeth J. Sherwood, daughter of John and Amy ( ) Sherwood. Mr. Sherwood was a farmer of Tompkins county, N. T. To Mr. and Mrs. Cordrey were born three children: William E., Frank D. and R. A. After his marriage Mr. Cordrey was engaged as clerk in different busi- ness enterprises in Middlebury, until 1873, when he bought a book and general sta- 254 PICTORIAL AND BIOOR^WUICAL tionaiy store and is at present engaged in this business. He was appointed post- master during Hayes" administration in 1879, and served five j-ears. During Har- risou's first administration he was again appointed and is still holding that ofiice, with credit to himself and to the evident satisfaction of the people. In politics he is a stanch Itepublican. Mr. Cordrey is one of the charter members of the O. & M. Fos- ter Post, No. 172, G. A. R., Middlebury, and has been adjutant eight years. He and Mrs. Cordrey are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he has held the office of steward and recording secretary. Socially he is a member of the Masonic Lodge of Middlebury, No. 327. Mr. Cordrey has given his children good educational advantages and has reason to be proud of them. His son, William E., graduated from the graded school of Middlebury and has been a school teacher, and Frank D. is attending the normal school at Ada, Ohio, is making a specialty of civil engineer- ing, and is a promising young man. Mr. Cordrey is well known in Middlebury and the surrounding county as a man of impeachable honesty and iiprightness, and one who has the welfare of the county at heart. As an official he is popular, being polite, accommodating, prompt and accurate. For eight years he was secretary of the town council of Middlebury and two years township trustee. C. H. Clark is the proprietor of one of the most popular and best managed boot and shoe emporiums of Elkhart, and has a paying patronage among the elite of the city, as he deserves to have, for he not only deals in the best goods procurable but sells them at very reasonable rates, and is strictly honorable in every respect in his busi- ness transactions. He is a product of Monroe county, Mich., where he was born on the oth of June, 1846, a son of George "W. and Harriet L. (Barnaby) Clark, both of whom were born in the Empire State, and with the energy which is characteristic of the people of that State, emigrated to Michigan at an early day, and in 1860 located in Lenawee county, where he became a dry goods merchant. He was a pronounced Eepublican, and was held in high esteem in that locality, not only for his correct business methods but for his many amiable traits of character. His widow survives him. The paternal grandfather, E. Laflet Clark, was one of the framers of the con- stitution of Michigan, of which region he became an inhabitant when it was a Terri- torv. The ancestry on the mother's side were soldiers in the War of 1812, and Charles H. Clark, the subject of this sketch, has in his possession a parchment deed which was given his maternal grandfather, for 160 acres of land for services rendered in that war. The father was twice married, and six of the seven children born to him are now living: Charles H., W. J., Ambrose B., Clara S., Harriet and George. Charles H. Clark resided on a farm in Michigan until 1860. during which time he learned lessons of industry, perseverance and economy, which were of material bene- fit to him when he entered his father's mercantile establishment. He remained with him as a clerk until 1863, when he went to Pittsburg, Penn., and took a commercial course in a college of that city, after which he taught school for about one year. In 1864 he went to La Porte, Ind., where he clerked in a dry goods store until 1868, at the end of which time he went on the road as a commercial traveler, for C. Buell & Co., of Waterville, N. Y., after which he was with Dewey, Eogers & Co., of Cleveland, Ohio, for three years. Succeeding this he came to Elkhart, Ind., and was with the Elkhart Knitting Company, and three years later entered the employ of Field, Thayer & Co., of Boston, Mass., shoe merchants, with whom he remained a little over three years. This experience was of inestimable value to him, and served to give him a thorough insight into the business. After remaining with this house for three years he came to Elkhart and engaged in the shoe husiness as manager of the establishment of A. B. Clark & Co., which, owing to his thor- ough knowledge of the business and his faculty of winning friends, he has since retained to the satisfaction of his employers. Politically he is a thorough and ardent Republican, is chairman of the city central committee and vice-chairman of the county central committee. He has been a member of the city council for three years, and has in various ways manifested his interest in the affairs of his city and section. In MEMOIRS OF INVIANA. 257 1867 be led to the altar Miss Mary E. Keplinger, of Elkhart, by whom he has a daughter, Harriet L. Mr. Clark is a member of the I. O. O. F., iu which honorable body he is a valued member. Personally Mr. Clark is a very popular gentleman and he possesses very social and hospitable instincts, and the result is that he has gathered about him a wide circle of friends. E. P. WiLLARD. The credit for a large share of the enterprise which helps to make Elkhart one of the most thriving and bustling cities of northern Indiana, belongs, in a considerable degree, to the worthy gentleman whose name is at the head of this sketch. He is a son of John H. and Eliza Willard, of New Hampshire, and was born at Alexandria, N. Y., July 22, 1842. When he was but three years old his parents moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he attended school until the age of thirteen years. They then removed to St. Joseph county, Mich., where he remained ou the farm until the begrinniuor of the Civil war between the North and South. He was one of the first to enlist in defense of the " stars and stripes ' in the three years service, going into Company C, Eleventh Michigan Infantry, and participated in the battle of Stone River, Laverne, and was on the raid through Kentucky after Gen. Morgan. After leaving the army he became engaged as news agent on the rail- roads and succeeded so well that he was appointed superintendent of the first office opened in Elkhart by the '' Union News Co." of New York, which position he took December 1, 1869, and held until December 1, 1891. He was married to Miss Lillian Alvord, of Jonesville, Mich., September 24. 1872, and lays most of his suc- cess in life to her kind and devoted attention to all his business affairs, she having kept all books for him, and entered most graciously and enthusiastically into what- ever interested him, and we venture to say that in all this broad land there can not be found a happier home or a more devoted couple. There is probably no new enterprise located in Elkhart, or anything of a public nature gotten up in which Mr. Willard is not interested. He is a public-spirited man in the broadest sense of the word, and above all, his labors are not performed with the expectation of always getting a ''plum " for his trouble. Among the various enterprises which he has helped along can be meutiond the Elkhart National Bank, of which he is vice-presi- dent, and has been a director since its organization. He helped to organize and procure a charter for the Elkhart Street Railway Company, and has been one of the directors from the beginning, and is its present treasurer. He is one of the owners of the "Elkhart Opera House,'' and has each year served as a director, and has been the secretary for the past four years. The next enterprise to which he turned his attention was to help organize the Elkhart Electric Light Company, both for arc and incandescent lighting, and Mr. Willard's home was the first private residence in Elkhart lighted by electricity, he having the incandescent lights put throughout his house. This company has a capital stock all paid up of $100,000, and Mr. Willard is its present treasurer, and in fact, there is hardly a public enterprise in which his name is not found. He is a man of money, and assists vigorously any commendable enterprise that points to the glory of Elkhart. He possesses a most genial disposi- tion, and is called by his friends "the sunshine of life," always ready with a joke or a story; he has but recently gone into the real estate and insurance business, and can sell you a nice corner lot in Chicago "if you must have it," but banks on Elkhart every time. Mr. Willard is a moderate dresser, a good liver, and has a handsome home beautifully furnished, and with an elegant wife to preside over all we leave him with the assurance to our readers that never has his honor been questioned, and that his integrity is above criticism, and unto him in very truth can be applied the remark: " Well done thou good and faithful servant." Mr. Willard is a member of the Electro-Galvanic Belt & Appliance Company of Elkhart, an organization backed by strong testimonials as to the high merits of its products. The electric belts of this company are fast superseding all others in existence. Their building, offices and factory are the largest extant. As an evidence of their enormous sales their records show that in one town of 9,000 inhabitants over 900' le 258 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL belts were sold in one year. The large sales and constantly growing field of opera- tions give evidence of immeuae possibilities for the future for this company. At this day no one can dispute the beneficial effects of electricity upon the human system, and the efficacy of the belts of this company in the treatment of many forma of disease has long ago been fully established. Henry W. Hixon, a prosperous banker of Middlebury, Ind., is descended from the oldest pioneer of Middlebury township, which has the honor to still number among its inhabitants the original pioneer settler, Solomon L. Hixou, now a venera- ble and respected citizen of eighty-seven years. The latter was a son of John Hixon, of German descent, but of old colonial American ancestry, who was born, reared and married in New Jersey, his union being with Miss Mary Landis, a daughter of Henry Landis, of German descent, who was the father of twenty-four children by two wives. Soon after his marriage Mr. Hixon moved to Union county, Penn., and purchased 200 acres of land, and on this well conducted farm he passed the remainder of his days, and died when his son, Solomon L. Hixon, was twenty- one years of age. His wife reached the advanced age of one hundred and two years. David Hixon, the brother of John, was a Revolutionary soldier, becoming a member of the patriot army at the age of sixteen years, and served under the celebrated Gen. Washington "throughout the entire war, having been present at the battle of Princeton, N. J., as well as taking part in a number of other severe entragements. Like many other patriots, he did not cease his allegiance to the colonial cause until Great Britain acknowledged the independence of the American colonies. Solomon L. Hixon was born on his father's farm in Union county, Penn., near the Susquehanna River, December 13, 1805, where he received the common- school education which his day afforded, and acquired a knowledge of farm life. After the death of his father, on the 11th of September, 1829, he left the old home- stead and proceeded to Portage, now Summit county, Ohio, making this journey by means of the old-fashioned stage coach, which was then the usual mode of convey- ance, and on foot, by which latter means he covered no inconsiderable portion of the journey. He purchased 100 acres of land near what is now A kr on, Ohio, and which afterward proved to be a very valuable property, a vein of coal seven feet thick having been discovered on it, so that years after it had passed from Mr. Hixon's hands, it sold for $500,000. In Ohio Mr. Hixon followed the trade of a carpenter. In 1827 he married Miss Nancy Ann Remile, daughter of Stephen W. and Nancy A. (Curtis) Remile, the former of whom was of English descent, a native of Vermont, and was one of the early pioneers of what is now Summit county, Ohio, settling near Akron. In 1833 he entered land where Toledo, Ohio, now stands and was also one of the first settlers of Middlebury township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and gave it its name from his native town in Vermont. He died in the fall of 1834. In 1833 Solomon L. Hixon, hearing glowing accounts of the St. Joseph county of Indiana, made a prospecting tour through the State, and in 1834 located land on Section 10, on which he remained one year. He then moved South and took up his residence in a log cabin, on 200 acres of land which he had purchased, and which was slightly improved. On this place he resided for many years, and by industry and hard labor accumulated property. He met with a severe accident in 1842, by the falling of a tree, which deprived him of his right leg. On April 1, 1866, he came to Middlebury, where he has since made his home. He was one of the first permanent settlers of the township. He was the father of five children by his first wife, two of whom are now living: Henry, who was born on March 22, 1833, and Livonia, deceased wife of Charles S. Martin, of Middlebury. Those deceased are: Elizabeth, Stephen and Charles R. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hixon were members of the Baptist Church, and the latter shared with her husband the trials incident to pioneer life, and paid the last debt of nature in 1864, aged forty-nine years. Mr. Hixon is a man of remarkable constitution, and despite serious acci- dents which have made him lame for many years, he has not seen a sick day since MEMOIRS OP IXDIANA. 259 186-1. He is an excellent example of the old-time pioneer settler; honest, upright and straightforward, and willing to make his way in the world by his own unaided efforts, be did not hesitate to bravely enter the wilderness and assist in subduing nature and to make possible the pleasant homes of to day. To such men as he the people of the present are indebted for the improvements, well cultivated farms and thriving villages which they now enjoy. Mr. Hixon has lived over the entire epoch of the settlement of the great West, for when he was a boy the ax of the settler had scarcely been heard west of Pennsylvania, and to-day the most remote and almost inaccessible regions of his country have prosperous communities. Mr. Hixon, at the patriarchal age of eighty-seven, retains his mental faculties to a remarkable degree. On December '24, 1866, he took for bis second wife Mrs. Susan K. Bailey, of Michi- gan, who is still living. Her parents were Isaac and Lucy (Dickennau) Pardee, both of whom were born in New Haven, Conn. . and were pioneer settlers of Knox county, Ohio, but in 1849 removed to Berrien county, Mich., where the father soon after died. He was of French descent, although an American born, his father hav- ing been born in France. Henry W. Hixon, son of Solomon L. Hixon, is one of those who, when bis country needed his services, did not hesitate to risk his life as a soldier for the preservation of the Union. He was born in Portage county, Ohio, and was brought by his parents to Indiana when an infant, of which section he has been a resident since April 4, 1834. He received a common-school education, and like many of the practical business men of to-day, he was reared a farmer, which occupation he followed until be was over thirty years of age. On August 16, 1862, in the stalwart prime of his manhood, be enlisted at Middlebury in the Twenty-lirst Indiana Battery, of which W. W. Andrews was captain, and was soon after detailed for service on the gunboat, "Orient," plying ou the Cumberland River, Lieut. Pat- ton being commander of this vessel. This service was principally against the guer- rillas who infested Tennessee and were a great injury to the Union army. Mr. Hixon was in many skirmishes with these desperate and lawless characters, and many of the scenes and incidents connected with this exciting warfare are impressed upon his mind with a vividness which is still unimpaired, and he possesses a fund of interesting reminiscences which he relates in the off-hand manner of the old soldier. One one occasion, while the "Orient" was passing under a rocky precipice, at least 150 feet high, the guerrillas poured a galling tire upon her decks from their mus- kets. A Ijrave but foolhardy Confederate officer exposed himself upon a high rock and lustily cheered his men to encourage them to capture the boat. He was shot through the heart by one of the Union sharpshooters and sprang from the precipice at least ten feet into midair and fell heavily through the top of a cedar growing in a crevice of a rock into the water 150 feet below. His face and figure were im- printed on the mind of Mr. Hixon with the distinctness of a photograph, and can plainly be recalled to this day. In one of their skirmishes with the rebels, on March 25, 1863, Mr. Hixon was in charge of two guns, and after the first discharge, while in the act of reloading one of the pieces, it prematurely discharged and shot away Mr. Hixon' s right arm. The gun was badly rusted and honey-combed in the breach, so that kernels of rice could have been dropped into it and sparks of fire had thus been retained. Gen. Crook, then commander of the entire left of Eosecrans' army, then at Carthage, Tenn., afterward examined the gun and told Mr. Hixon that the accident was entirely the result of the defective gun and that it should long before have been condemned, for such carelessness was the cause of maiming many a good officer. After receiving this wound, Mr. Hixon refused to go to the hospital, but secured a private room at Carthage, Tenn., of a lady who was a bitter Confederate and Southern sympathizer, but who kindly cared for him while recovering. He remained at that place until May 18, 1863, then went to the hos- pital at Gallatin, Tenn., and here was honorably discharged on account of his wounds, June 4, 1863, and returned home, where be aiTived June 7, 1863. His last act for the Government before leaving the service, was assisting in the arrest of a notorious 260 PICTORIAL A^D BIOGRAPHICAL and desperate Confederate spy, named "Wood. Mr. Hison had rendered a service to a Union spy, called "Minnesota Jack," who was suffering from extreme exhaustion, after a severe and long continued tight with the Confederate scouts and guerrillas across the Cumberland Eiver, by allowing him to lie down on his bed, after which this man handed Mr. Hixon his revolver and told him he wanted him to assist him in the capture and arrest of a Confederate spy who was then seated in a neigh- boring saloon, and to precede him thither. Mr. Hixon at once acquiesced and they immediately proceeded thither. With cocked revolver, Mr. Hixon opened the door and leveling his weapon at the spy, ordered him to throw up his hands. The spy, taken by surprise, did so, when the Union spy, exclaiming: " Shoot him if he moves his hands!" promptly shackeled him, the Confederate meanwhile remarking: " Billy, you've got me this time." Four revolvers were found on his person and he was known to be one of the most resolute and fearless spies of the Confederacy. He met the usual fate of spies and four days later was shot. After his return home, Mr. Hixon resumed farming for one year and then began buying and selling grain and wool in Middlebury, and there, on July 15, I860, he was married to Miss Nettie Curtiss, a daughter of Charles and Eunice (Creager) Curtiss, the father being a native of Vermont. To Mr. Hixon's union three children have been born: Eliza- beth A., born February 11, 1867; Fred, born March 3, 1870, and Edna, born March 13, 1873. Elizabeth married Dr. L. H. Couley, of Knox county, Ohio, and has three children. Fred has been well educated in the graded school of Middlebury, is a good business young man and is associated with his father in the banking business, to which the latter turned his attention on October 21, 1890. Mr. Hixon is a member of the G. A. R., O. & M. Foster Post, No. 172, and now fills the office of commander. He belongs to the civic society of the K. of P. and politically is a stanch Republican. He commands the unbounded respect of the community at large and has held the office of justice of the peace continuously for twenty two years. As a soldier he was prompt and reliable, and as a man of business, he is considered intelligent, shrewd and strictly honorable. His name for many years has been synonymous for integrity and good judgment, and has proven him- self one of the most capable and practical of banking men, and his institution holds the confidence of the entire public. His deposits are heavy and his capital large. W. B. Vandeelip. Twenty-five years ago a piano was a luxury enjoyed only by a few wealthy families, and the church choirs and parlors that could boast of an organ were not many. Now thousands of houses and choirs resound with the rich tones of the best instruments, and the change marks a revolution in musical educa- tion. In reviewing the cause of this revolution we are compelled to recognize the valuable influence of the trade in pianos and their precursors, cabinet organs, and the valuable work of Mr. W. B. Vanderlip, dealer in musical instruments at Elkhart, in elevating and systematizing the sale of all instruments. The instru- ments he has sold have been instructors, musical missionaries, winning their way into the hearts of the people, and inciting to such better appreciation of the noble art that they became teachers of all classes, and much of the results before us is the high standard of musical culture established in the city and vicinity, and the enviable reputation of Elkhart in the musical circles of the country is due to the honorable and consistent efforts of Mr. Vanderlip. This gentleman has been a resident of the city for thirty-five years, and diiring that time his career as a busi- ness man and citizen has been above reproach. He built the first business house on the south end of Main street, which was then in the country, and afterward had five more business houses erected adjoining him. He engaged so actively in business that the people soon invested around him, and it was not long before a thriving town had started up. Mr. Vanderlip was born in Weatherfield Springs, Wyoming Co., N. Y., December 13, 1838, and his parents, George R. and Mary W. (Wiley) Vanderlip, were natives of Connecticut and Vermont, respectively. The ancestors MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 361 were of German and Scotch descent. The mother was a first cousin of General Scofield and died in California in 1891, in her eighty-sixth year. The grandparents were well off financially. The maternal grandparents had one son, Perkins Wiley, who sat iu the Vermont Legislature for thirteen years. George W. Vanderlip, father of subject, was a wool and cloth manufacturer. In 1847 he came West, making the journey through from Detroit iu wagons, and settled in Mishawaka, St. Joseph Co., Ind., where he secured a position as foreman of Henry Johnson's woolen mills. He subsequently superintended John Harper's mills in South Bend, Ind., and was thus engaged for a number of years. Mr. Vanderlip contracted a cold and died with typhoid fever in the year 1852. To his marriage were born six children, five sous and one daughter, and his life was one of hardship and privation in providing for his family and keeping the wolf from the door. He received as compensation for his services $1.50 a day, and was obliged to take three-fourths of that in goods from the store of his employer. All his children are living, viz. :0. W., in Elkhart; George N. , in California; John T. , of San Francisco, Cal. ; W. B., Elkhart; Frank, in California, and Mary, also of the Golden State. The original of this notice was but nine years of age when he came with his parents to St. Joseph county, Ind. , and as he still wore aprons, the boys made fun of him and he took them off. His scholastic training was received in the public schools, such as they afforded in that day, and when sixteen years of age he was set to work in the woolen mills of South Bend. He operated two custom cording machines and received as compensation |8 per month and board. The first dress he bought for his mother he paid 10 cents per yard for, and the same goods can now be purchased for 4 cents per yard. He can now get $30 per month for making the same goods and yet it was then good old free-trade times. After working in the mill for one year, Mr. Vanderlip was bound out to a man in Mishawaka to learn the carriage-making trade, receiving $40 for his first year's service. The following year he received $60, and the third year ISO. After working nine months the firm broke up and he mounted a wagon and returned to his home. Following this he hired out to L. W. Pickering for $18 per month and board, doing all kinds of ornamental painting, and continued with him until cold weather, when he entered the school-room where he remained that winter. The following spring he bought out a $400 stock and went to work for himself. He was engaged very actively as a painter and decorator and followed this successfully for twenty-three years, and his last work in that line was to fresco the Goshen Courthouse, which is still there as good as new. About 1880 Mr. Vanderlip engaged iu his present business and has succeeded beyond his most sanguine expectations in this occupation. He was the first man to engage in the business in Elkhart to exclusively handle musical instruments, and has Stein- way, Hardidad, A. B. Chase, Sterling and Webster pianos. Story & Clark, Sterling, Chicago Cottage, Hilstrom organs, and also handles all small instruments. He was one of the projectors of the Backlen opera house and was its first secretary, serv- ing in that capacity for two years. He decorated the building and is still a stock- holder. Mr. Vanderlip is also a stockholder in the Driving Park and is half owner of a cattle ranch in Arizona, at Flag Staff. He and his partner have about 1,500 head of cattle. Our subject is also the owner of several business blocks and is one of the wealthy, substantial men of the place, all the result of his own industry and good management. He owns a number of dwelling houses in the city and an elegant home at the corner of Second and Harrison streets. Mr. Vanderlip may veiy truly be termed a self-made man, for he came to Elkhart without a dollar, and all he has obtained in the way of this world's goods, has been the result of industry and economy. He was married in 1859 to Miss Belle Hammond, and the fruits of this union were four children, as follows: Lorena, Frank, Leona and W. B., Jr. Mr. Vanderlip has shown his appreciation of secret organizations by becoming a member of the Masonic fraternity, and has reached the degree of Knight Templar. He was the first chancellor commander. He and wife are members of the Episcopal 362 PICTOKIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Church and are worthy and much esteemed citizens of the town in which they reside. They take an active interest in all enterprises for the good of the county, and are well worthy the respect of all. John H. Smith is an intelligent and enterprising gentleman who from boyhood has been interested in agricultural pursuits. He is a thorough master of his busi- ness, has spent many years of his life in developing the country and is in comfort- able circumstances. He was born in Sussex county, Del., September 29, 1809, a son of Cannon and Charlotte (Handy) Smith, who were also born in Delaware. Cannon Smith was reared in his native State and during his younger days spent a portion of his time on the ocean. At the time of his marriage he engaged in farm- ing and this occupation received his attention the balance of his life. His wife was a daughter of John and Elizabeth Handy, who were born and spent their lives in Delaware. In the spring of 1828 Cannon Smith and family emigrated west, stop- ping a short time in Delaware, Ohio, where a brother resided at that time, but in the fall went to Cass county, Mich., and the winter of 1828-9 was spent on the northern border of Beardsley's Prairie in a log cabin which Mr. Smith erected. In the following June land in that vicinity came into market and Mr. Smith entered 160 acres in the southwest part of Beardsley's Prairie. The winter of 1829-30 was spent in the log cabin in which they had resided the previous winter, near which Mr. Smith had rented some land. In the fall of 1829 he began the erection of a house on his own land, which was completed the following spring and the family at once moved into it. It was a frame structure and Mr. Smith himself did the hewing and sawing of the materials, and while the lumber was not finished with modern machinery, and was somewhat rough compared with that of the present day, the building was a substantial, comfortable structure and was the first building of the kind erected in that section, and one of the very best. The land which he owned was in its native state, and before it could be developed the family had to undergo many privations and hardships. Mr. Smith was successful in bis under- takings and before his death, which occurred on the old homestead in August, 1844, he had accumulated over 1,000 acres of land. He was a great worker and it was due to this, more than to anything else, that his death occurred when it did. His wife survived him until the spring of 1869. They were the parents of ten children: John H., Wesley, Cannon, Lydia and Emeline being the only ones now living. John H. Smith was about thirty years of age when his parents settled in Cass county, Mich., but prior to that time he had received a common-school education in his native State and was brought up by his father to be industrious, economical and honest. At the age of twenty-three years he bought a farm of his own in Cass county, Mich., on which he lived a few years, then diposed of it to a good advantage and purchased 160 acres on the State line in Cass county, and joining the farm on which he now resides. It was in January, 1842, that he settled on his present farm, which now consists of 253 acres, 200 of which are under cultivation. In June, 1832, he volunteered his services to fight the Indians under Gen. Williams, for which purpose he marched as far as Chicago. He was out about one month but did not take part in any engagements. Chicago at that time consisted of a few houses and a great deal of marsh land. Mr. Smith was married January 3, 1833. nearAdams- ville, Mich., to Clarissa Beardsley, born near Columbus, Ohio, October 14, 1814, and daughter of Darius and Dorothea (Cone) Beardsley, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of New York. Mr. Beardsley was a pioneer of Cass county, Mich, for there he settled in January, 1832, having been a resident of Butler county, Ohio, for thirteen years previous. He was frozen to death in the winter of 1832-3 on his way home from Edwardsburg, being found in the snow three days after, only a short distance from his home. His widow survived him several years. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith thirteen children have been born, the follow- ing of whom are living: Edward, Henry, Walter, Cannon, Angeline A. and Ann H. Those deceased are: Catherine, Charlotte, John, Harriet, Havilah and JfE.VOIJlS OF INDrAyA. 263 one that died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been members of the Methodist Episcopal Church for many years, but at present are not connected as members of any society. Mr. Smith has always voted the Republican ticket, and has ever inter- ested himself in the affairs of his section and is a wide-awake and public-spirited man. Oeamel O. Peescott. One of the most ancient and honorable of American families of old Colonial times were the Prescotts, whose genealogical history was written by the venerable Dr. William Prescott, of Concord, N. H. , and discloses the characteristics of oue of the most remarkable families of this country. Springing directly from English stock, they were pioneers in the dreary forests of New Eng- land, the founders of new settlements and towns, fought in the numerous Indian wars of early times, freemen of the ancient boroughs, and church and town officials. At a later period thej' were among the most fearless advocates for liberty, and numbered many officers and soldiers in the struggle for American Independence, among whom was Col. William Prescott, who commanded the American forces at the battle of Bunker Hill. Since the Revolution they have been prominent soldiers in the War of 1812, the Mexican war, and the great Civil war of this country. The Prescotts sent nearly two hundred and fifty of their gallant sons to do battle for the Union, many of whom held important official positions. In science, literature and art the name is highly honored, and William H. Prescott, the distinguished American historian, was a grandson of the hero of Bunker Hill, liut needs no eulogy in this volume. Suffice it to say that they are historical monuments clothed in the ])urest English and the most graceful figures of speech. The family has been noted for generations, not only for the distinguished ability of some of its sons, but for the sturdy worth and sterling characteristics which go to make up our best citizens and law-abiding and indus- trious men. The name Prescott is of Saxon origin, and is formed by the contraction of two Saxon words, priest and cottage, therefore signifying priest- cottage, or priest's house. The name has long been known in England, and was given to a street in the ancient city of London. Prescott is also the name of a market town in Lancaster county, England, which was the ancient seat of the Prescott family. Orders of knighthood were conferred upon some branches of the family, and they were among the nobility of that country. A metallic coat of mail and armor, such as were worn by ancient knights, were brought to this country by the emigrant, John Pre.scott. There is also preserved by the descendants in this countrj' a family coat of arms, which was conferred upon one of the remote ancestors for his bravery, courage and successful enterprise as a man and a military officer. This coat of arms had an ancient origin, and was owned both by the Prescotts, of Theo- bald's Park, Hartfordshire, Barts. ; and by those ancient families of Lancashire and Yorkshire. The first mention of the name of Prescott is in "Thomas Rymer's Foldera," wherein a conformation of a grant made coucerniDg aqueducts of the city of London by H. de Patershall, treasurer to the king, is addressed to Walter Prescott, vice chancellor, and others (named). The direct lineage of the Prescotts who came to America is traced back to the time of Queen Elizabeth. James Prescott, who was descended from the ancient family of Prescott, England, was a gentleman of Standish, Lancashire. He was required, by an order of Queen Elizabeth, dated August, 1564, to keep in readiness, horsemen and arms. He married a daughter of Roger Standish, of Standish, England, and sister to Ralph Standish. From this marriage descended both John Prescott, who landed at Bo.ston in 1640, and James Prescott, who settled in Hamp- ton, N. H. , in 166u. John Prescott sold his lands in Shevington, parish of Standish, in Lancashire, to Richard Prescott, of Wigan, and removed into Yorkshire, and I'esided for some time in Lowerby, in the parish of Halifax, where several of his children were born. From conscientious motives and to avoid persecution, he 264 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL left his native land of Yorkshire to seek an asylum in the wilderness of America. He first landed at Barbadoes iu 1638. where be became an owner of lands, but in 1640 be came to New England, and after landing at Boston, he almost immediately settled at "Watertowu, where he had large grants of laud allotted him. In 1643 he associated himself with Thomas King and others, for the purpose of purchasing of Sholan, the Indian Sachem of the Nashaway tribe of Indians, a tract of land for the settlement which was to be ten miles in length and eight in breadth. This purchase being completed, John Prescott, who was a stalwart blacksmith, pro- ceeded to vigorously pursue the interests of the plantation till his exertions were crowned with success. He was the first settler of Nashaway, now Lancaster, Mass., and was in every respect a gentleman and an influential member of the original Puritan stock of New England. Like most of the early emigrants of that section, he left his native home to escape the relentless persecutions with which the Puritans and Nonconformists were harassed. He was a man of marked character, devoting his time to mechanical and agricultural pursuits. At a very early day he became a leading spirit and a prominent and influential man. as very many of his descend- ants have Iseen iu each and every subsequent generation. He was a man of strict integrity, great energy and perseverance, and took an active part in all measures calculated to improve and enhance the interests of the town of Lancaster, Mass. He took the oath of fidelity in 1652, and was admitted a freeman in 1669. By occupation he was not only an agriculturist, but was also a blacksmith and millwright. In November, 1653, he received a grant of land from the Indians on condition that he would build a "corn mill," which he did, at the same time erecting a saw-mill. John Prescott and family were conspicuously identified in the defense of Lancaster against the Indians. He was a strong, athletic man of stern countenance, and when he had any difficulty with the Indians would clothe himself with his coat-of-mail. helmet, cuirass and gorget, which gave him a fierce and formidable appearance, and greatly astonished the Indians when they found that they could make no impression upon him with their tomahawks. This John Prescott was the ancestor of a distinguished branch of the Prescott family in America, and a second cousin of James Prescott, the original American ancestor of the subject of this sketch. Among the distinguished descendants of John Prescott, was Col. William Prescott, the commander of the American forces at the battle of Bunker Hill, also the eminent historian, William H. Prescott. James Prescott, the original emigrant to America, the remote ancestor of this branch of the family, and the second cousin of John Prescott, of Lancashire, came from Dryby, in the county of Lincolnshire, England, in 1665, and settled in Hampton, N. H., which then, and for some time after, was comprised within the old county of Norfolk, Mass. Mr. Prescott opened a farm (on which he resided until he moved to Kingston, in 1725), in that part of Hampton which, since 1712 has constituted the town of Hampton Falls. This town is situated some one and a half, or two miles, north of Hampton Falls Academy, on the high road to Exeter, of late years owned and occupied by the late Wells Healy, Esq., and is a fine desirable farm. Mr. Prescott was a member of the Congregational Church, as he was admitted a freeman iu 1678, none but members of the church being eligible to that important and earnestly sought position. He was transferred to the church at Hampton Falls soon after its incorporation as a town in 1712, and thence he was transferred to the church at Kingston, on September 29, 1725. In 1768 he married Mary, daughter of Nathaniel and Grace Boulter, her birth occurring at Exeter, May 16, 1645. The Boulters were of English origin. James Prescott was a man of integrity and influence, possessing good sense, a sound and discriminating mind, and one whose judgment was much sought for, and in whose opinion the people placed the utmost confidence and reliance. In 1692 James Prescott is mentioned as a creditor of His Majesty's province. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 265 In 1694 the town of Kingstou whs granted, by Lieut. Gov. Usher, to James Prescott, Ebeneezer Webster and others, who became extensive land holders and influential proprietors. December 19, 1700, James Prescott was moderator of the meeting of the proprietors of Kingston, at which meeting James Prescott and Ebeneezer Webster were chosen a committee to run the line between Kingston and Hampton, in conjunction with a like committee from the latter town. At the same meeting it was voted to grant to James Prescott, Thomas Philbrick and Jonathan Sanborn, each 200 acres of land in the westerly part of the town of Kingston. On July 18, 1701, James Prescott was again chosen moderator of the proprietors' meeting, when the house, or near meadow was granted to him. Besides the above, the proprietors of Kingston voted him tracts of land in 1705, 1710, 1715, 1719, 1720 and in 1721. In 1708 the Commons of Hampton voted to give to James Prescott ten acres of land where his house then stood, John Sanborn dissenting. On April 10, 1711, they voted him four acres of land for £2. James Prescott was a prominent public man, and his name appears signed to numerous petitions. He removed from Hampton Falls to Kingston in 1725, and here he died November 25, 1728, at about eighty-tive years of age. The record of his death on the books at Kingston, reads thus: "James Prescott, an aged father, died." His wife Mary, died atKingston, October 4, 1735, aged over seventy- eight years. James Prescott, Jr. , son of the above and the sixth generation from the subject of this sketch, was born September 1, 1671, and was married March 1, 1695, to Maria Marston, daughter of William Marston. Jr. and Rebecca Page, daughter of Robert and Lucv Page, who were among the first settlers of Hampton. She was born May 16, 1672, and both became church members October 10, 1697. After the death of his wife Maria, Mr. Prescott was married June 17, 1746, to Widow Abigail Sanborn, the daughter of Edward Gore, one of the first settlers of Hampton. Prior to this marriage she had been married twice, first in 1690, to Deacon Phile- mon Dalton, and after his death to Deacon Benjamin Sanborn, in 1724, whose third wife she was. James Prescott, Jr., was a farmer, and resided near his father on the opposite side of the road leading from Hampton Falls to Exeter. He was styled sergeant, for by the Hampton records he was made one of the constables in 1707. He was at Port Royal six months in 1701. and was a deacon in his church. Samuel Prescott, his son, was born March 14. 1697. and December 17, 1777, married Mary, the daughter of Joseph and Mary (Gore) Sanborn, the former a son of John Sanborn, Sr., and the latter the daughter of Edward Gore, Sr. Mary Prescott was born July 28, 1697, and July 13, 1740, she and her husband became members of the church. In 1746 Mr. Prescott, with Hon. Meshach Weare, was appointed an appraiser of the estate of Capt. Jonathan Prescott, who was in the expedition under Sir William Pepperell against Louisburg on the Island of Cape Breton, the stronghold of the French in America, when that fortres-s was captured, and in Louisburg died of typhus fever in January, 1746. Samuel and his wife became the parents of five sons. He served several years as a selectman, town clerk and in other capacities, and resided, as a farmer, at Hampton Falls, where he died of fever June 12, 1759, at the age of sixty-two years and three months. At one time he acted as one of a scouting party along the frontier. His will was approved June 26, 1759. Jeremiah Prescott, his son, was born September 29, 1710, baptized November 22, 1724, and was first married January 15, 1741, to Mary Hayes. He settled as a farmer at Epping, and was extensively known as Sergeant Prescott. In April. 1755, he composed one of the company commanded by Capt. Nathaniel Folsom, of Exeter, and in the regiment commanded by Capt. Joseph Blanchard, of Dunstable (now Nashua, N. H. ), which was sent on an expedition against the French forts Du Que.sne, Niagara and West Point. In May, 1756, he again engaged in an expedition against Crown Point in the company commanded by Capt. Nathaniel 286 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Doe and in the regiment commanded by Col. Nathaniel Meseive. He signed the Association Test in 1776. After the death of his first wife he was married February 10, 1780, to jNIarj', the widow of Lemuel Towle, and a daughter of Gideon Shaw. William Prescott, son of Samuel, was born about 1746, and was married to Mary Dearborn, daughter of Henry and Margaret (Sherburne) Dearborn, of North Hampton, N. H., where she was born between 1740 and 1750. William Prescott settled as a farmer in Vershire, Vt., and in 1815 died at the age of sixty-nine years. He was the father of three sons and three daughters: Mary, Sarah, Elisha, Mercy, Jeremiah and Sherburne. Mr. Prescott was a soldier in the Revolution, and was a substantial farmer and a highly respected citizen. His son Jeremiah was born August 16, 1781, and received the limited education of his day, the principal part of his education being self acquired. He learned to write a good hand, also to successfully keep accounts and became a well- informed man. He was but seven years of age when he went with his father from Sanborn- ton, N. H., to Vershire, Vt., where he grew to manhood. He assisted his father to clear up his farm, and in Vershire was married to Betsy Pomeroy, whose parents were Elisha and Sarah (Stratton) Pomeroy. After his marriage Jeremiah Prescott settled in Vershire, where he bought a grist-mill, which he operated for many years in connection with farming. He was a very zealous member of the Congregational Church, and lived to the age of fifty-three years, dying in 1834. Like his ancestors, he was a man of honorable and upright character, whose word was as good as his bond. His union resulted in the birth of seven children: Elmina, born March 2, 1809, and died February 7. 1823; Lewis, born Octolier 28, 1811, was married March 15. 1842, to Lucinda Derby, who was born October 3, 1818, and resided in Vershire, Vt., until his death in 1869, at the age of tiftyeight years; Elisha P., born June 7, 1814, married July 9 1839, Mary Davis, who was born November 9, 1812, and resided at West Fairlee, Vt. ; Lyman, born January 31, 1817, married March 27, 1842, Mary Jewett, and resides in AVaterbury, Vt. ; Rev. Chester M. , born June 19, 1821, married Lucy Baldwin, in March, 1844, who was born July 25, 1821, now resides in Lake View, Penn., and is a minister of the Free Will Baptist Church; Oramel O. ; and Asaph S. , a resident of Middlebury, Ind. Elisha H. Pomeroy, the maternal grandfather of these children, was a carpenter and a substantial farmer of A'ershire, Vt.. and lived to the patriarchal age of nintey years, dying in 1855. He was the father of nine children: Betsy, Sophia, Phila, Anna, Asaph, Stratton, Lydia, Sarah and Electa. Oramel Prescott, son of Jeremiah, is of the twelfth generation from James Prescott, of England, of Queen Elizabeth's time. He was born in Vershire, Vt., on his father's farm, January 12, 1824, received a good common-school education, and attended the old academies of his native State, which were excellent institutions for obtaining a good practical education. He learned the trade of a jeweler and watchmaker, and at the age of nineteen began traveling in the line of his business, and for a period of ten years traveled throughout the Eastern and Western States. In 1847, while yet a single man, he visited Middlebury, Ind., where he spent one winter, after which he made trips throughout Illinois, Wisconsin and Missouri. In 1849 he went to Vermont, and in 1851 returned and settled at Middlebury on land which he had purchased in 1849, and which he still owns. During his travels, by frugality and industry, he saved enough money to give him a start in life, and in 1851 he engaged in the jewelry and watchmaker's business in Middlebury, which he continued until 1857, when be and a brother, Asaph S., formed a partnership in the general hardware business, under the firm name of O. O. & A. S. Prescott, which business prospered, and in 1880 they retired from the active duties of life, having become widely known as honorable business men. Mr. Prescott is a man of independent views, and although for many years in sympathy with the Republican party, he has lately become a Prohibitionist, for he realizes the wickedness of the whisky traffic. In 1892 he was candidate in the Prohibition party for senator, MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 267 receiving 332 votes in bis own county. In 1851 Mr. Prescott married Eliza A. Bickford, daughter of John and Al)igail (Martin) Bickford, the former of whom was of English descent, a member of an old colonial family. He was a farmer, a soldier in the War of 1812, and in 1852 became a settler of Middlebury, Ind. He and his wife were the parents of five children: Laura, Eliza, Levinia, Flavella and Norris. Mrs. Prescott died November 8, 1888, having borne her husband six children, one living, Leona. an intelligent and refined young lady. Mr. Prescott's second marriage was to Mrs. Jane Abel, a daughter of Asa S. Carr, who was of English descent, born November 23, 1799, in New York, in which State he was married to Sarah Osterhout, of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, their union resulting in the birth of eight children, four of whom lived to grow up: Rice W., who died when eighteen years of age; Julius, Jane, and Mariah. Mr. Carr was for many years a farmer of Tompkins county, N. Y. , but he finally moved to Orleans county, N. Y. , and about 1849 came to Middlebury. Ind., where he erected and operated a carding-mill until his death, September 9, 1847, having for many years prior to that time been a member of the Baptist Church, of which his wife, who died October 9, 1858, was also a member. Mrs. Prescott was born in Tompkins county. N. Y., October 6, 1828, and when a young lady of seventeen came with her parents to Middlebury, and here has since resided, being an earnest member of the Baptist Church. William Abel, a farmer and carpenter, who was born in New York, De- cember 15, 1810, and was among the lirst settlers of Middlebury, Ind., was her first cousin. He was the father of one child who died at the age of ten years, and at the age of seventy-one years he, himself, was called from life. Mr. Prescott has been an honored citizen of Middlebury for many years, and was township trustee and clerk before the town of Middlebury was organized, and has since been trustee of the town. He has always been a friend of education, has taken an active interest in the good of the schools of his section, and as a financier has prospered. He has 300 acres of land, an elegant residence in Middlebury, and is otherwise well supplied with worldly goods. He is a well-informed man of broad and liberal views, and is an intelligent and extensive reader. In every respect he has been an honor to himself and to his illustrious ancestry. C. W. Gbeen, treasurer of the Old People's Mutual Benefit Society of Elkhart, Ind. The pursuits of life are as varied as are the tastes and capacities of men, and it is an interesting and useful study to observe the degrees of their assimilation. A narrative of success in life affords a lesson from which others can profit. In Lake county. 111., there was born in 1844 a son to Isaiah and Mary (Gage) Green, and there he grew up, a sturdj' youth, and remained until seventeen years of age. His father and mother were born in New Hampshire and Vermont, respectively, their progenitors having participated in the early wars of this country with Great Britain. In 1832 Isaiah Green removed to Illinois and located in what is now Lake county, from which section he was compelled to go to Chicago to mill, drive a four-horse team, and would then often get stuck in the mud. In 1861 he removed to Elkhart, in which city he was called from life in December 1864, his widow still surviving him in her eighty-ninth year. She is still in the enjoyment of fair health, is quite active, and can get around quite well without assistance. She bore her husband three sons and two daughters, of whom one son and one daughter are living: Mrs. J. W. Ellis, and C. W., the subject of this biography. The early education of the latter was received in the district schools near his home, and he assisted his father on the farm in Illinois until their removal to Elkhart in 1861. In February, 1862, he ran away from home and enlisted in the Forty-fourth Indiana Infantry, the fort- unes of which he followed until the war closed by the surrender of Gen. Lee. He was captured at the battle of Chickamauga, and for sis long months was confined in Libby Prison, after which he was taken to Macon, Ga.. thence to Charleston, where he and his fellow prisoners were under fire for about six weeks. He was next removed to Columbus, then to Goldsboro. N. C. , at which place he was paroled 268 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL after seventeen months of prison life. The hardships he suffered during this time can not be told, and the terrible scenes he witnessed will ever remain a blot upon the South. After being paroled he went to Camp Chase, thence to Chattanooga, Teun., where he reported to his regiment and was mustered out of the service. He was in the engagements at Shiloh. Stone River and Chickamauga, besides a number of other pitched battles, but of less note than those mentioned. He returned to Elkhart and engaged in the grocery business, continuing for eighteen months, when he sold out and entered the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Rail- road Company, with which he was connected for about twenty-two years. He spent live years as ticket agent at Elkhart, and seventeen years as freight agent, and in each of these capacities he showed himself courteous, obliging and efficient. He resigned his position with this company in March, 1888, to accept his present one with the Mutual Benefit Association, and in this capacity has shown himself to be the right man in the right place. He is a stockholder in the Electric Light & Street Railway & Indiana Buggy Company, besides several minor institutions. He is a stockholder in the St. Joe Valley Bank, was a member of the council when Elkhart was organized as a city, and filled the same position six years later. He is con- sidered one of the leading business men of the city, and as a member of the Masonic fraternity he has attained to the thirty-second degree. In 1867 he was married to Miss Rachel L. Hudson, who died in 1887. Jacob Eaton, president of the board of county commissioners of St. Joseph county, Ind., was born in Frederick county, Md., May 1, 1819, son of Isaac and Margaret (Metzger) Eaton, the former of whom was born in Loudoun county, Va., January 24, 1775. He was an only son, whose father was an Euglish soldier in the Revolutionary war. When a lad he removed to Montgomery county, Md. , where he was reared and apprenticed to the blacksmith's trade, a business, which after learning, he followed for many years. During the War of 1812 he was a vol- unteer under Gen. Mason, and witnessed the burning of the bridge at the capital. His duties were chiefly confined to protecting Baltimore. About the year 1798 he was married in Frederick county, Md., near where the battle of Antietam was fought, to Margaret Metzger, born November 15, 1781, daughter of Valentine Metzger, a German by birth. To Mr. and Mrs. Eaton eight children were born: Amelia, Susanna, William and Abraham, deceased, and Samuel, John, Mary and Jacob liv- ing. In the fall of 1830 the family emigrated to Montgomery county, Ohio, where they remained one year, then came on to St. Joseph county, Ind., and settled on the land now devoted to St. Marj''8 Academy in Clay township, which at that time was known as German township. His means were limited at the time of his location here and he took a large lease on a farm, on which he lived for five years, during which time he saved enough money to enter eighty acres of land in Section 17, Clay township, which was entirely covered with oak and hickory timber and in a very wild state. He cleared a small portion and erected thereon a log cabin 18x20 feet, one and one-half stories high, which at that time was considered a very commodious and comfortable dwelling. Here he lived for nearly twenty-five years, clearing and improving his farm in various ways. By appointment he was one of the commis- sioners who located the county seats of Kosciusko and Steuben counties and assisted in the surveying of the State road from Detroit to Chicago. He was a very useful early pioneer, was a considerate and accommodating neighbor and a law-abiding and public-spirited citizen. His death occurred at the home of his son Jacob on Christ- mas day, 1869. His wife died April 23, 1863. Their son Abraham was accident- ally killed, when young, while loading a flint-lock gun. William, his brother, was also accidentally killed in La Porte county by the falling of a timber while he was erecting a building. Jacob Eaton, the immediate subject of this sketch, was reared in his native county, and although but thirteen j'ears of age at the time his parents came west, the most of his education was obtained in Maryland. After coming to Indiana he never attended a free school, the subscription plan being in vogue here MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 269 at that time. At the age of twenty-one years he obligated himself to care for his parents during their life time iu consideration of the eighty acres in the homestead and gave them one-third of the profits of the land iu cash. For several years he had a hard time, and at one time, after his marriage, being in need of more land, he offered the eighty acres for $800 without finding a purchaser. He afterward sold the same for doulile the amount. In 1853 he purchased 150 acres of land and the following year settled on the same, where be still resides. He has since added to this land until he now owns 225 acres. Mr. Eaton was trustee of Clay township for sixteen years and has been county commissioner seven years, being elected on the Democrat ticket, which he has always supported. At his last election he received 800 votes majority and is now acting as president of the board. He is the eldest resident of Clay township at the present time, and is one of her most higbl_v honored citizens. He was married August 6, 1846, to Elizabeth Barnes, who was born on October 27, 1820, in Frederick county, Md. , she being a daughter of John E. and Hannah (Yates) Barnes, the former a native of Virginia and the latter of the same. John Barnes settled in Penn township, St. Joseph county, in 1837 and afterward removed to Berrien, Marion Co., Mich., where his death occurred. His first wife died before he came to Indiana, and before his death he had married three times, all of his wives dying before he did. The following children were given to Mr. and Mrs. Eaton: Emma S., Edwin D. and Johanna \V. living, and Clarissa M. , Amelia A., Norman E. and Mark D. deceased. The three living, reside at home., Mr. Eaton attended school four winters after coming to Indiana, each term lasting three mouths, all of which were couducted on the subscription plan and were held in log cabins, consequently his advantages for gaining an education were not of the best, but he is, nevertheless, one of the most intelligent men of the county. There were but five families residing in Clay township at the time the Batons located here, and were scattered along the St. Joseph River, where they could have access to the springs. Cornelius A. French. The inventive genius of this progressive age has found one of its most fertile fields in devising implements designed to lighten the labor of the agriculturist; and the progressive farmer of the day is provided with ma- chines which, to a great extent, relieve him from heavy manual labor. Among the prominent dealers in this line of business is the firm of Neff & French, which, in addition to a large stock of agricultural implements, shelf and heavy hardware, tin roofing and spouting, make a specialty of the Osborn & Milwakey binder, Imperial plow. Flying Dutchman sulky plow. Standard mower, Nappanee buggy and road wagon and the Steel Star wind mill. The business house of the firm is 31x132 feet, affording ample accommodation for their increasing business, and the members of the firm are fully alive to the times and are vigilant to watch all details. The busi- ness was established in 1891 and from the first the trade was excellent. Mr. French was born April 5, 1851, in Saratoga county, N. Y., and his father, Cyrus French, was a native of the same county, born in 1819. The grandfather, George E. French, was a native of Massachusetts, born in 1785, and was of good old Puritan stock. He was a blacksmith by trade and at an early date moved to New York State where his death occurred in 1862. He was a noted man of his time. In politics he affil- iated with the Democratic party. The four children born to his marriage were named as follows: Sarah, still a resident of New York State; Hiram, died in 1858; Malinda, still living, and Cyrus. The latter, the father of our subject, was a black- smith by trade, and followed that business up to the time of his death, February 20, 1860. In politics hewasfirsta "Kuow Nothing,"but later an Anti-Slavery Demo- crat. In his choice of a life companion he selected Miss Phcebe J. Stancliff, who was born in 1818 and who was the daughter of Louis M. and Jane (GiUis) Stan- cliff. Her mother was born in Scotland and the father was reared by a Scotch lady. The latter served in the Revolutionary war. After the death of her husband, Mrs. French removed to Indiana, settling in Elkhart county, Jefferson township, on a farm 370 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL of 500 acres, kuown a^ the Staacliff farm, and there reared her family of eight children, as follows: Alma J., now Mrs. S. J. Smith, of Jefferson townshij); Al- mira L., wife of Anthony C. Manning, of Elkhart City; George E. died April 25, 1877; Louis J., residing in Emmet county, Mich. ; Seth died at three years; Covert died when one year of age, and Phebe J. , died when four years of age. Mrs. French was highly respected by all acquainted with her. Her death occurred on June 20, 1874. The original of this notice remained with his mother on the farm until 1874, when he married Miss Sally M. Ashley. Shortly afterward he moved to Elkhart, thence to Goshen and finally, in 18S1, to Nappanee, where for some time he was engHged in carrying on a meat market. Later he embarked in the hardware business with Mr. Neff, and this he has since continued. He is a member of the city council, bearing in part the great responsibility of its present manage- ment, that of instituting a complete system of water-works, electric light, etc. He takes an active part in all public enterprises and is one of the representative men of the city. A Republican in politics, he is loyal to his party and an ardent sup- porter of its platform. His wife is a native of the Buckeye State, born June 14, 1853, and the daughter of Rev. Jonas and Polly (McGee) Ashley. She was reared on a farm in Cass county, Mich., and was one of twelve children, nine of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. French had born to their marriage four children, as follows: Edith L., Ardella L., Phebe B. and Cyrus J. D. A. Lehman. D. A. Lehman, founder of the Lehman Medicine Company, was originally from the Buckeye State, born in Williams county, June 4, 1843, and is the son of Benjamin and Susan (Sjjitnole) Lehman. Benjamin Lehman was born in Lancaster county, Penn., to the marriage of Daniel and Esther (Burkholder) Lehman, and was of German descent, his father being a native of the old country. Grandfather Lehman came to America with his parents at an early day, settled in Lancaster county, Penn., and there married, and reared a family of nine children, as follows: John, Jacob, Mary, Benjamin (father of subject), Solomon, Abraham, Samuel, Anna and Nancy. The father of these children moved from Pennsylvania to Williams county, Ohio, when that county was but sparsely settled, located on a farm, and became well known as a substantial and wealthy farmer. He was con- nected with the Mennonite Church, in which he was an active worker, and in politics was a Republican. Of his children six are living in Ohio, one in Illinois and two in Elkhart county, Ind. Nancy married Jacob Christophel. The mother of the above-mentioned children was a pious woman and one widely and favorably known for her many estimable qualities. Benjamin Lehman left Ohio and came to Indiana in 1853, settling on a farm of 120 acres in Elkhart county, where he resides at the present time. His farm has been greatly improved and is one of the best in the township. In religious and educational matters Mr. Lehman takes a decided interest, and he is public-spirited and enterprising. He is a member of the Mennonite church, and in politics is a stanch Republican. He married Miss Susan Spitnole, a native of Maryland, who was left an orphan at an early age and who was reared by the family of Joseph Myers, in Putnam county, Ohio, with whom she lived until her marriage. Eight children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Lehman, viz. : Daniel A. (subject), Fanny (who is living with her father on the old home place), Joseph S. (practicing medicine in Erie county, N. Y., and a mar- ried man\ David (a farmer of Marshall county, Ind., died in 1887), Hattie A. (wife of B. F. Letherman, of Marshall county, Ind. ), Jacob (married, and resides on the old homestead), Menno (single, a music teacher, resides in Elkhart county), and George W. (a school teacher). The mother of the above-mentioned children is now deceased. The eldest of this family, Daniel A. Lehman, came with his father to Elkhart county, Ind., at an early day, and received a good practical education. When eighteen years of age he learned the carpenter's trade, and followed this for seventeen years, after which he took up the study of medicine as a manufacturing chemist. In 1866 he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Culp, a native of MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 271 Mahoning county, Ohio, born in 1844, and the daughter of Anthony and Susan (Bixler) Gulp. She came to Elkhart county, Ind., with her parents, in pioneer days, and was here married. Eight children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Leh- man, as follows: Henry B. and Susan U. (twins), born November 18, 186 <; Albert A., born July 5, 1869; Solomon E., born September 24, 1871; David F., bom August 10, 1874; Lydia A. and Joseph M. (twins), born July 28, 18/7. and Mar- tha M., bora August 16, 1883. Henry, the eldest of these children, married Mies Catherine Cook, aud resides in Kansas City, Mo. He is professor of penmanship in Spauldiug's Commercial College. Susan U. married Joseph Hamshire, aud has three living children, Frank, Mary and Henry. Mr. and Mrs. Lehman are active members of the Mennonite Church, and he is superintendent of the Sunday -school. He was at one time elected a member of the city council, but resigned. He is interested in all worthy movements or anything that benefits the community. In politics he is a Prohibitionist.. Kev. Vajlentine Cztzewski, C. S. C. , is a native of the Talkinny Government, Survalki, Russian Poland, his birth occurring on February 14, 1846, a son of Joseph and Eve (Zylinski) Czyzewski. The subject of this sketch was partly educated in his native Poland, but completed his knowledge of the "world of books" in that famous in.stitution of learning, Notre Dame University. On January 28, 1876, he was ordained a priest, and was placed in charge of St. Joseph's par- ish, but in 1879 the church was blown down. He, with characteristic energy, immediately began the erection of a new place of worship, which is now called St. Hedwige's, located at 331 South Scott street. South Bend, Ind. Rev. Czyzewski's boyhood days were spent on a farm, and for two years he was employed in official work, which experience was of great benefit to him. Upon his first arrival in the United States he turned his attention to farming and black- smithing as a means of livelihood, by which means he saved enough money to enable him to enter school, and, being intelligent and apt, he was soon the master of the English language, which enabled him to assist in teaching w-hile attending school at Notre Dame. Since his pastorate in South Bend he has not allowed the work of the church to be at a standstill, either spiritually or practically. He has made himself familiar with the various phases of life to which his parishioners are born and reared, hence he is in peculiar sympathy with them and well qualified to be the leader of his flock. He has built up four churches and two school- houses, is active in good work, conscientious in the discharge of bis duty, and is deservedlj' popular with his congregation. John H. Qdigg is the oldest citizen in point of residence now living in Misha- waka, Ind., and in the history of the late Civil war he did not bear an unimportant part in that eventful struggle. He is descended fiom the "Canny Scot," for the early members of his family removed from Scotland to Ireland with a colony of people. The maternal grandfather came from the Emerald Isle and was of Irish descent. He settled in Kentucky, became a soldier of the Revolution, and later took part in the War of 1812. Henry Quigg, father of John H. Quigg, was a farmer of Wayne county, Ind., on the border line between Indiana and Ohio and there converted a tract of woodland into a well-cultivated farm. He was married to Amanda Ireland, by whom he became the father of the following children: Sarah, who died after her marriage; John H. and Armilda. Henry Quigg died at the age of forty-four years, having been an industrious, honorable and respected citizen. JohnH. Quigg was born on his father's farm November 25, 1830, and received such educational advantages as were bestowed upon the youth of his day. He was left fatherless at the age of three years and in 1833 was brought by his mother to Mishawaka and here began the battle of life for himself by doing such odd jobs as came in his way. At the age of eighteen years he became a deck hand on the steamer "Algoma," which plied from the mouth of the St. Joseph River to Three Rivers, Mich., and afterward worked on the steamer " Michigan," continuing this 273 riCTOSIAL AND BIOGUAPHIGAL work for eight seasons. He next became a clerk in a grocery store and after a time oneneil a stationery and dry goods establishment in a small way, which business trradually ])rospered. In 1857 he married Mrs.* Ida A. Mix, daughter of John Juliiin, a resident of Oswego, N. Y., and after his marriage he settled with his wife in Misiiawaka and continued his business pursuits. In 1862 he was appointed by the United States Government, provost marshal, in which capacity he served until 1864, during which time he was actively employed and did good work, meeting with some stirring adventures with bounty jumpers and deserters. On May 16, 1864, he enlisted in Company H, OneHundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered into the service as second lieutenant, serving faithfully until October, when he was honorably discharged on account of severe illness. He was taken ill at Stephenson, Ala., and laid for two weeks in a freight house at Anderson, Tenn., and as he had no care his was considered a hopeless case. However, his naturally good constitution triumphed, and upon convalescing he returned home with his regiment and was mustered out of the service at Indianapo- lis. After sometime spent in clerking, he opened a grocery establishment of his own in 1876 and in 1879 added a stock of dry goods and became associated with H. G. Beeiuer, now of Canada, an old resident of Mishawaka, and the firm was known as Quigg & Beemer and soon held an enviable position in popular favor. He is now one of the prosperous business men of the town and carries a stock of goods valued at from $12,000 to §15,000. his being the only dry goods house of the place. Mr. Quigg has been a Mason since 1854 and is a member of Mishawaka Lodge, No. 130. He has always been a Democrat and before the war was a strong anti-slavery man. He served very acceptably in the capacity of deputy sheriff for eight years and at the same time was provost marshal. He is one of the well-known men of the county and during his almost life-long residence at Mishawaka he has stood deservedly high in the estimation of the public and has numerous warm friends. His wife, an estimable and intelligent lady, is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Samuel Leeper, one of the well-known and prominent residents of South Bend, Ind., owes his nativity to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he was born on ths 10th of December. 1862. to Samuel and Susan (Metzger) Leeper, the former of whom was a pioneer of South Bend, and is mentioned elsewhere in this work, and the latter a native of Stark county, Ohio, born on the 16th of June, 1832, daughter of Sebastian Metzger, whose native birthplace was Alsace, France. Samuel Leeper has been a resident of St. Joseph county since he was about one year old, and in the public schools of South Bend he obtained his literary education, the old homestead being located adjacent to the town. He passed his earlier years in following the occu- pations which usually fall to the lot of the farmer boy. and until 1888 assisted in tilling the home farm, then decided that other occupations would suit him better, and in company with James D. Reid he established a brick mamifactory, which is now carried on by him under the firm name of Leeper & Reid. Mr. Reid retired from the firm in January, 1892. The plant consists of the latest improved machinery, with a capacity of turning oat 60,000 pressed brick per day, which gives employment to about fifty men. The annual output is about five millions, and as he is a manu- facturer of "the soundest judgment and marked executive capacity, he is specially qualified to guide aright such important interests as these. On the 9th of January, 1888, he was married to Miss Delia M. Earl, who was born on the 16th of July, 1866, in Michigan, a daughter of David and Elsa (Relyea) Earl, natives of Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Leeper are the parents of two children: Lena Leota, born October 6, 1889, and Rittie. born November 11, 1891. Mr. Leeper is a member in good standing of those worthy organizations, the K. of P. and Elks, and in politics is a Republican. The business with which he is connected is deserving of success, its product being preferred by the best class of trade, and Mr. Leeper may be considered an expert in all that concerns brick making. MEMOIUS OF INDIANA. 375 John J. Schindler is a well known official of Penn townsbip, St. Joseph Co., lud., and a son of Andrew Schindler, who was born in Baden, Germanj', but who, in 1848, became a resident of the United States (at which time he was but sixteen years of age) and for some time thereafter he worked at the tailor's trade in Buffalo, N. Y. Upon reaching manhood Andrew Schindler was married to Miss Rosa Kuhu, a native of Switzerland, and a family of eight children was given to them, four of whom died young, and four lived to maturity: John J., Andrew J., William N. and Joseph J. Mr. Schindler and his family resided in Buffalo until 1864, when he removed to Dunkirk, N. Y. , where his home continued to be until 1869, during which time he was successfully engaged in the hotel business. In that year Misha- waka became his home, and on Main street he opened a grocery and hotel, and by the e.xercise of much energy and by careful management he accumulated a sub- stantial property. He died August 25, 1879, at the age of forty-nine years, an earnest member of the Catholic Church, of which his wife was also a member. John J. Schindler was born at Buffalo, N. Y., February 11, 1851, and received a good commercial education in St. Joseph Academy, of his native city. After coming to Mishawaka, at the age of twelve years he entered the service of his uncles, the Kiihn Bros., proprietors of the St. Joseph Flouring Mills, and continued with them for eight years, becoming thoroughly acquainted with the details of the flouring business. After the death of his father, he assumed the management of the hotel and grocery establishment, and successfully conducted both until 1879, when he engaged in the same business for himself and followed it until 1887, in addition to which he also did a general fire insurance business, was a steamship agent, and con- ducted a foreign exchange. In 1876 he was a notary public and conveyancer, in which office he continued until elected township trustee in 1888, by a majority of live votes. In 1890 he was re-elected by a majority of 419 votes, which would indi- cate that he has filled the office to the general satisfaction of the people. He was also admitted as an attorney in the Department of the Interior, Bureau of Pensions, in 1880, and by his untiring efforts he has had the best of success in securing pen- sions, bounty and war claims generally, which have brought relief to many an ex- soldier, his widow, or dependent relatives, and have earned for him many warm and lasting friends. He is secretary of the county board of education, has taken an active interest in the cause of education and organized the township libraries in the district schools, besides introducing the first books for these libraries, which are now in a flourishing condition, there being now overtwo thousand in circulation. The school at Osceola contains over four hundred volumes, and it is not unusual for the other districts of the township to have two hundred volumes in their libraries. The power for good wielded by these libraries, and the lasting influence they produce, can not be overestimated. In 1887 Mr. Schindler bought his present property of Dr. Van Pelt, consisting of a commodious residence and lot. He has largely increased his insurance business, and now represents twenty-five leading companies: the Royal, of Liverpool, England; The North British & Mercantile, of London and Edinboro; The Liverpool & London & Globe, of England; The ^tna, of Hartford, Conn. ; Continental, of New York, and the Girard, of Philadelphia, being the principal ones. He also represents eight steamship companies, and issues letters of credit and bills of exchange on aU the principal cities of Europe. His wife holds the office of notary public. They were married May 20, 1879, Mrs. Schindler' s maiden name being Christina Fierstos, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth Fierstos. Three chil- dren have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Schindler: Alovsius J„ born May 4, 1880; John W., born November 7, 1884, and Clara M., bom October 26, 1887. Mr. Schindler is a member of the Catholic Knights of America, a benevolent and insur- ance company. He is a stanch Democrat, and he and his wife are devout Catholics. He possesses many noble traits of character, is entirely self-made, and owes his success in life, and the high estimation in which he is held by all who know him, to his manly course through life. He is interested in all good causes, and is one of 17 276 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL the public-spirited men of Mishawaka. His integrity is above question, and the fine property of which he is the owner, has been well earned. Besides his residence propert}' he owns a one-third interest in the St. Joseph Flouring Mills, and a busi- ness block in the town, in conuection with his brothers, all of whom reside in Mish- awaka except Andrew, who is a machinist of Chicago. Mrs. Schindler's father and mother came from Germany, the former becoming a farmer near Canton, Stark Co., Ohio, where they reared the following childi'en: Elizabeth, Mary, Lena, Theresa, Martin, Joseph, Greorge, Caroline, Christina and Mena. Samuel A. HiLLiERis the very efficient and trusted secretary and treasurer of the South Bend Lumber Company, and owes his nativity to Burlington. N. J. , where he was born October 30, 1850, to Richard A. and Frances (Stoll) Hillier, the mother being a native of Switzerland. Richard Hillier was born on the ocean while his parents were en route for America on a visit, but until he was about eighteen years of age he resided in England, and there obtained his schola.stic education, although the practical part of his knowledge was obtained after his removal to America. He first settled in Philadelphia, where he conducted a shoe store for a number of years. Here he was married to Frances Stoll, who had come to this country with her par- ents at the age of nine years. A few years after his marriage Mr. Hillier removed to Burlington, N. J., where he at first devoted his attention to the shoe busi- ness, but not long afterward engaged in the real estate business, which he followed until his deatli, being classed among the successful business men in his line of his day. He was called from life in the month of March, 1872, his widow surviving him until October, 1890, when she too was called from this life. They were the parents of nine children: Harry, Joseph, Richard, Samuel, Anna, Fannie, Emelia, Maggie, Louisa. The subject of this sketch remained in his native town nntil he was eighteen years of age, then came to South Bend, and having been apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, he entered the employ of George Gore to complete the same, and at the expiration of two years began working for himself, ■continuing for about one year. Following this he began contracting and fulfilled his contracts in such a manner that he became very well and favorably known. He carried on this business with success for seven years, but in January, 1880. formed a partnership with W. R. Boyd, under the firm name of Boyd & Hillier, and en- gaged in the lumber business in connection with operating a planing-mill, in which business he is still engaged. The business is now conducted under the firm name of the South Bend Lumber Company, of which Mr. Hillier is secretary and treas- urer. He is proving the right man in the right place, for he is faithful, industrious, painstaking and honest. The business is conducted on sound commercial princi- ples, and as their prices are based an a scale of strict moderation, satisfaction is at all times assured. Mr. Hillier is a gentleman of rare business ability and the high- est standing and is undoubtedly one of the leaders in his line of work in the city of South Bend. On the 8th of February, 1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha E. Elder, who was born January 7, 1851, in South Bend, a daughter of John and Emily (Sweet) Elder, the former a native of Scotland and latter a native of Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Hillier are the parents of five children: Ada, Edith, Forest, Glenn, Samuel D. In addition to his business in South Bend and his residence property, Mr. Hillier owns a half interest in a farm of 105 acres, south of the citj' limits, which is a valuable property. He is a member of the Royal Arcanum and in politics is a Republican. He has brought a wide range of practical experience to bear upon the lumber business and is proportionately prosperous. Barney C. Smith. The creditable condition of mercantile life in South Bend, Ind. , is due in a great extent to the enterprise, energy and intelligence of her prominent merchants and manufacturers. Among these may be mentioned the firm of Smith & Jackson, dealers in sash, doors, blinds and lumber, and these gentlemen have built up a trade of extensive proportions, and an enviable reputation for strictly honorable dealings on all occasions. They are located in convenient and suitable MEMOIRS OF INDIAJS\i. 277 premises that are appropriately fitted up and they keep in stock every description of lumber in their line, which they are compelled to do by the heavy demands made upon them. Mr. Smith is a native of Germany where he was born in 1854, and when one year old he was brought by his parents, Jacob and Catherine (Beach) Smith, to the United States and with them located on a farm near South Bend, on which place the father died in 1869. On this farm Barney C. Smith was reared and during his boyhood many days of hard labor were spent in clearing land and tilling the soil. In 1875 he took up his residence in South Bend and until he engaged in busi- ness for himself worked in a planing-mill belonging to N. Jackson, during which time he became familiar with the lumber business in all its phases and was well prepared to take upon himself the duties of that business when he did so. On the 30th of April, 1879, he was married to Miss Julia (Kimball) Harmon, widow of Edwin Harmon and daughter of Freeman Kimball. She is the mother of one child by her first husband, Cora Harmon, and she and Mr. Smith have an adopted daughter, taken from the Orphan's Home in 1885, and who is now eleven years of age. Mrs. Smith is a member of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church and Mr. Smith is a member of the K. of P. and Uniform Rank. John S. Inks, M. D. The value to any community of a professional man is not marked merely by his learning and skill, his proficiency in medical and surgical practice, but also by his character, both private and professional, his honorable ad- herence to medical ethics and his personal integrity and benevolence of purpose. When a physician combines these characteristics it is with pleasure that we record his life work, and such a man do we find in Dr. John S. Inks. This gentleman, who is one of the prominent physicians of Elkhart county, has been practicing the healing art in the town of Nappanee for the last four years, and his skill and signal success in this calling are well known. He was the eldest child born to the union of Thomas and Elizabeth (Moore) Inks (the father of one of the pioneers of Elkhart county), and in aildition to a common-school education, he attended high school at Bristol, Ind., Elkhart and Mishawaka Normal and the Valparaiso Institute. He subsequently attended the Chicago Medical College of Physicians and Surgeons and graduated from the same in the year 1884. The same year he began practicing in and continued there until 1888, when he removed to Nappanee, of which city he has been a resident since. He has ever been public spirited and is interested in all entei-prises for the advancement and progress of the city. He is a member of the State and district medical association, and has obtained a position placing him in the front rank of the medical fraternity. The political views of the Doctor have brought him into alfiliation with the Democratic party and he is an earnest upholder of its principles and policy. For a number of years he was a resident of St. Joseph county, Ind., and while a resident of the same he held the office of justice of the peace thirteen years . During that time he taught school thirteen terms and was well known as one of the most popular educators of the county. The marriage of Dr. Inks with Miss Mary E. Yaut took place in 1869, and to them have been given three interesting children, as follows; Henrietta, now Mrs. Gore, is the mother of one child, Agnes; Charles, who is now sixteen years of age is still in school; and Nellie who died at the age of two years. Mrs. Inks is the daughter of Andrew and Eva (Lower) Yant, early pioneers of Elkhart County. She was born in Ohio and was a small girl when she came with her parents to Elkhart county. Dr. and Mrs. Inks are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and have a pleasant home on West Market street. TnoM.is Inks. England has ever numbered many representatives among the best class of citizens in Indiana. There is a sterling quality about the nationality that particularly fits them for pioneer life and we as Americans are greatly indebted to settlers of English origin for the rapid advancement made in our civilization. The Inks family came originally from England, the first representatives in this •country being three brothers, John, William and George, who settled in Pennsyl- 278 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL vania at a period antedating the Revolution, married, and reared large families. John Inks, the grandfather of our subject, was one of these brotheis. To his mar- riat^e eight children, two sons and six daughters, were born, as follows: Thomas, John, Nancy. Mary. Elizabeth, Rebecca, Sarah, Parmelia and Eleanor. John, the second in order of birth of these children, all of whom are deceased, was the father of our subject. He was born in Pennsylvania in 1777, and there passed his boyhood and youth. At an early date he emigrated with the rest of the family to Ohio, and was there married to Miss Eleanor Camton, a native of New Jersey, born in 1779, and one of live children: Job, John, Eleanor, Sarah and Nancy, Ijorn to the marriage of John Compton. Soon after his marriage John Inks went to Indiana and settled one mile below Benton, in Elkhart county, on Elkhart River. This was in 1828, and the following year he built the first saw mill in the county, and sawed the first lumber. In the fall of that year he returned to Ohio and brought his family to the almost unbroken wilds of Elkhart county. Five years later he moved to Goshen, then a small town, and made his home there until 1840, when he bought a farm near Mil- ford. Later he sold this and moved to Olive township, where he operated a saw-mill until his death in 1853. He was one of the very earliest pioneer citizens and a man of good judgment and sound, practical sense. His wife also passed away in 1853. Their union was blessed by the following children: William, John. Sarah, Ezekiel, Joseph, James, Beecher and Thomas (subject). Mr. Inks was a memlier of the United Brethren and his wife a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he was a Whig. His children were all born in the Buckeye State, and the older ones were married there. Joseph and Thomas are the only ones living. Thomas Inks was born in Franklin county, Ohio, in 1828, and attended the subscription schools of that early da}'. When six years of age he came with his parents to Elk- hart county, Ind. , and is now probably one of the oldest pioneers of this county. When twenty-one years of age be started out on his own responsibility, and in 1845 was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Moore, a native of New York State, born in 1825, and the daughter of Samuel and Sai'ah (Anderson) Moore. She was one of a large family, John, Thomas, Hugh, William, Margaret, Mary and Jane. The parents of these children came to the county in pioneer times, and the father died here in 1855 and the mother in 1867. Thomas Inks and wife settled on a farm in this county, and in connection with his farming interest Mr. Inks was engaged in the marble business for many years, being a stone cutter, and has met with fair suc- cess in all his undertakings. During the Rebellion Mr. Inks enlisted in Company K, Thirtieth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served his country faith- fully for three years. He was a faithful soldier and ever ready for duty. Some of the principal engagements in which he participated were: Shiloh, Stone River, Chickamauga and the siege of Atlanta. During service his eyesight was injured and he is now almost blind. He was discharged on September 2t), 1864, and returned to his home and family. For the past ten years he has retired from the active labors to which he devoted himself after his return from the war, and now lives in the enjoyment of the comfortable home which he owns in Nappauee, where he has resided for the past two years. His marriage resulted in the birth of six children, who are named as follows: John S., one of the leading physicians of Nappanee; Elbridge; Anthony W. ; Mary; Emma, and Cora, all living, and four residents of Elkhart county at the present time. In politics Mr, Inks is a Democrat, and he and his wife are worthy and exemplary members of the United Brethren Church. He comes of good old fighting stock, his ancestors serving in the Revolution, his father in the War of 1812 and he himself in the Civil war. Newton Jackson, wholesale lumber dealer of South Bend. The lumber inter- ests of South Bend, Ind., are second to no other city of the same size in the State, and one of the foremost houses, whose reputation has gone abroad, is that of New- ton Jacksou, who has been familiar with the lumber business from early manhood, for his father was for many years engaged in saw-milling about fourteen miles west MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 279 of South Beud, and there young Newton was initiated into the details of lumber. He was born in Seneca county, Ohio, May 9, 1840, but with his parents became a resident of Indiana in 1854, and located on a large tract of timber laud in St. Joseph county, which he assisted in clearing. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Eager) Jackson, the former of whom was Scotch and the latter of Irish descent. In 1874 Newton Jackson engaged in the furniture business in Elkhart and Mish- awaka, the house being known as the Mishawaka Furniture Company. Upon mov- ing to South Bend he opened a hard wood lumber yard in this city, and at the same time opeuel one in Des Moines, Iowa, but closed out the latter yard in 1879, how- ever, continuing business in South Bend until 1886, when he sold his yard and en- gaged in the wholesale lumber business, which he has conducted in the moat satis- factory manner up to the present time. He is an energetic and live business man, well known in commercial and financial circles and does a very large and constantly increasing business. He is a man of unquestioned reputation and is well deserving the success he enjoys. He was married in early manhood to Miss Caroline Deppen, by whom he became the father of four children; Charles H. , Ella A., Sibyl and Irwin. The mother of these children died in July, 1877, and on September 19, 1878, he took for his second wife. Miss Ellen Smith who has borne him three chil- dren: Clement, Hallie and Edna. Mr. and Mrs. Jackson are members of the Methodist Church, and are highly respected by the citizens of South Bend. In 1881 Mr. Jackson was elected a county commissioner and filled the duties of this position with great credit for one term. Socially, he is a member of the Royal Arcanum. Henry Stauffer is the eldest son of that worthy pioneer, Jacob StaufFer, and in his native county, Columbiana, Ohio, he was reared and educated. He was a good scholar, and grew to be a man of sound judgment and a substantial citizen, the worthy follower of such a man as his father. He came with his parents and brother John to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1852, but prior to that time, on October 5, 1850, he had married him a wife in Ohio, her maiden name being Mary A. Winder, who was born in the county in which they were then residing, July 9, 1829. She was a daughter of Joseph and Amy (Taylor) Winder, the former of whom was born in Crawford county, Penn. , April 22, 1805, a son of James and Ann (Kirk) Winder. Ann Kirk's parents were Joseph and Judith (Knight) Kirk, the former a descendant of Roger Kirk. Joseph Winder became one of the early residents of Ohio, and there he followed agricultural pursuits and taught school, being successful in both occupa- tions. He was also a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church and was very active in hia field of labor. His wife was born in Crawford county, Penn., and in that State they were married, later moving to Portage county, Ohio, whore the father was called from life in 1851, the mother's death occurring at Nappanee in May, 1891. To them ten children were born, seven of whom were reared; Mary A., who , 1S44, he took a wife in the per- son of Miss Sarah J., daughter of Zaehariah and Deborah (Derickson) Derickson, the former of whom was a well-to-do farmer of Newcastle county, Del., he and his wife being the parents of the following children: Joseph, Ellen, William, Han- nah, Sarah J. , John P. and Lydia. Mr. Derickson died on his farm at the age of sixty-eight years. In 1S-14, soon after his marriage, Mr. Jetton came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , the same year raised a crop of wheat in Harris township, and in March settled on the eighty acres of land which he had purchased. To this prop- erty he added at various times, as his means would permit, and he eventually became the owner of "240 acres of fertile farming land, which he not only improved by cultivation but also by the erection of good buildings of all descriptions, every- thing about his place indicating that a man of intelligence, thrift and industry had the management of affairs. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church, and politically he is a stanch Republican, having in early times been an old line Whig. To his marriage two children have been born: Thomas J., born January 1, 1^5ti, and Rebecca D., born December 23, 1S51. At the present time Mr. Jet- ton owns only lt)0 acres of land, having sold the rest. He has always been a hard worker and is in every sense of the word self-made. At the time of his arrival in this county he had |4lR) and a good span of horses, and from this small begin- ning has built up his present excellent property. His journey to this State occu- pied about twenty-five days. After crossing the Alleghany Mountains in a stage he went down the Ohio River to Wheeling, W. Va., and then walked to Mishawaka, returning to Delaware for his wife the following fall on horseback. His son, Thomas J., is married to Lydia Brooker and resides on the home farm, while Rebecca D. . who married Eugene W. Baldwin, a bricklayer of Chicago, has two children. James Oliver. Who has not heard of the Oliver chilled plows and their famous inventor? Truly it is not always that " circumstances make the man,'" for James Oliver is a shining example to the coutrary; and there is no one who envies the suc- cess he has achieved because his indefatigable toil and hours of patient thought and study have brought about a just reward. A native of Liddisdale parish, Eocksburyshire, Scotland, his birth occurred August 28, 1S23. When twelve years old he was brought by his parents to the United States, and after about a year's stay in Seneca county, N. T.. the family settled at Mishawaka, Ind. His parents being limited in means, James at the age of thirteen assumed the responsibilities of manhood aud began doing for himself. Early in youth two prominent characteris- tics made themselves manifest in him — a willingness to work at any honorable calling and an aptitude for mechanics. From 1845 to 1855 he was employed by the St. Joseph Iron Company, but in the latter year moved to South Bend, where, in a small way, he began manufacturing plows. Although many trials and adversities were met with during his lieginning of a manufacturing career, his inherited Scotch pluck aud preseverance. kept his business together, and slowly but gradually it in- creased in prosperity. For years his mind had been occupied with the one great MKMOIli.i OF lyniAKA. 303 object of producing a perfectly chilled plow, and altbough tbonsaads of dollars had been spent by otheri? in unsuccessfully trying to solve this problem, Mr. Oliver still continued his studies and experiments in this direction. Owing to so many others having failed, his friends began to look upon him as half invention mad, while those who had befriended him previously, with money and influence, withdrew their support and left him to struggle alone with black clouds of defeat and failure hanging over him. Day and night, for years, he thought of nothing else, bending every energy to this one great object. His patience and perseverance were at last rewarded, the glorious sun of success dispelled the clouds of despair, and he awoke to find himself famous and riches pouring in upon him. His invention had made him a benefactor to the agriculturists, and his name will never be forgotten by future writers on mechanics and inventors. Dr. Samuel L. Kilmer is one of the foremost medical practitioners of St. Joseph county, Ind., but first saw the light of day in Ashland county, Ohio, April 12, 1849, being the youngest of a family of five children. In his veins flows sturdy German blood, for at an early day his ancestors emigrated from Hesse Darmstadt to Penn- sylvania, in which State, in the county of Juniata, both his parents were born. His father, Isaac Kilmer, was a man of much force of character and great determination, and possessing a rare power of discrimination, his counsel was much sought by his neighbors and friends. He was an industrious and successful farmer, charitable to a fault, and no alms-seeker was ever turned away from his door hungry or empty- handed. He died in Elkhart county, Ind., in 1883, at the age of sixty-nine years, of heart disease engendered by hard labor and exposure during his active farming days. Dr. Kilmer's mother, Anna Kilmer, was a woman of singularly gentle and amiable disposition, charitable to the faults of others, no harsh word of censure or criti cism ever being heard from her, for she believed that similar causes and circumstances might have produced similar actions in others also. She was greatly l>eloved by all who knew her. She died in Elkhart county in 1892, at the advanced age of eighty- one years, of la grippe and pneumonia. Both parents were lifelong members of the Mennonite Church and died as they had lived, consistent Christians. When the subject of this sketch was four years old, his parents moved to Elkhart county, Ind., in what was then a new country, and purchased and proceeded to clear up a heavily timbered tract of land of 240 acres and bring it into a state of cultivation. In this work young Samuel assisted as soon as he was physically capable of rendering any aid, and upon this farm, and engaged in its arduous labors and duties, he grew into manhood, availing himself of the meager educational facilities afforded at the time, which consisted principally of three months' district school each year. He learned readily, and this, combined with studiousness, placed him with great regu- larity at the head of his classes. After attending a term at the normal school, in Goshen, Ind., he began a career as " Hoosier Schoolmaster," teaching his first term at the age of eighteen. The ensuing season he attended an academy at Smithville, Ohio, and again taught district school in Indiana in the several succeeding winter seasons. As a teacher he was a signal success, having a reputation as a rigid disciplinarian and practical instructor of useful knowledge extending into surrounding counties, which made his services much sought after. A .special, or select school, taught by him in the village of Jamestown being so markedly successful that it was attended by teachers of puljlic schools for many miles around, who were happy to avail them- selves of his practical methods of teaching for their own improvement in the same occupation. In those days it was the delight and ambition of many of the larger and ruder pupils in the schools to overawe the teacher and break up the school, and numerous were the attempts of the rougher element to break up the evening " spelling schools." Neither of these things ever occurred in a school taught by S. L. Kilmer, his firmness and impartiality always enabling him to win. In those days to "spare the rod" was believed to "spoil the school," and although ever en- deavoring to rule by kindness, at no time did he hesitate to use the rod when it was 304 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL plain that the interest and welfare of the school demanded it. In 1871 he graduated at the Northwestern Business College and Institute of Penmanship, at Madison, Wis., presided over by that well-known educator, Prof. B. M. Worthington, and subsequently was book-keeper and clerk at the Vilas House in that city, which gave him an opportunity to learn much of business life and a wide acquaintance with the prominent public men of Wisconsin and the traveling public generally. Later he held the position of professor of book-keeping and penmanship in some of the lead- ing business colleges of the country, viz. : The Bryant & Stratton, of Philadelphia, and The Nelson, of Cincinnati. At the latter institution his abilities as an instructor were again quickly demonstrated, inasmuch as a practical business class which he organized in connection with the college, in consequence of a woful lack of knowl- edge of a practical character manifested by the college students, soon outgrew all expectations, numbering over two hundred students, from all classes in life, the clerk, book-keeper, artisan and merchant, and from all ages, from boys to men of forty years or more, the number in the class being limited only by the capacity of the hall Having now, by industry, frugal living and economy, acquired some money, he began the study of medicine, and here again, as formerly, his habits of assiduous appli- cation to his studies carried him readily and rapidly along in the front ranks of his classes, and after three years' study, in 1879, he graduated from Rush Medical Col- lege, Chicago, 111., being well known and noted for his proficiency in all the branches taught in that famous institution. For two sessions he acted as assistant demon- strator of anatomy there, and in consequence of his thorough knowledge of this im- portant branch, was invited by the celebrated surgeon. Prof. Charles T. Parkes, to become his prosector of anatomy also during his last term at college. Of this oppor- tunity he availed himself, which threw him much into the company and society of that great surgeon and enabled him frequently to assist him in his immense surgical practice. Although requested to remain in Chicago and retain his college positions, with the assurance of promotion to a regular professorship as rapidly as vacancies existed, be declined the tempting offer, and the day after his graduation he left at once for his chosen field of labor — South Bend, Ind. , where he associated himself in the practice of medicine with the late Dr. J. A. Kettring, whose wide reputation as a skillful physician had created a practice far beyond his physical ability to attend, and who, from the knowledge of the excellent record made by Dr. Kilmer at college, and the unusual prominence and distinction he had attained in his classes and with the facult}% in consequence of his thorough knowledge of the sub- jects taught, was desirous of securing him as his professional associate, and to that end he had invited him to join him in a copartnership for the practice of medicine. A very pleasant professional association thus formed was abruptly terminated some months later by the imperative necessity on the part of Dr. Kettring of taking his wife abroad for the benefit of her health. Dr. Kilmer then entered upon an inde- pendent professional career and his success was phenomenal, especially in surgery, for which branch of his profession he had a decided preference, and to perfect himself in this line he returned to Rush Medical College the following winter and during the entire session devoted his time to the study of surgery and gynecology. Returning to South Bend, he resumed his practice, and has followed it with signal success ever since, except one session that he spent at the Post Graduate Medical College, in New York City, during which time he availed himself of the unrivaled facilities there found in connection with all the best hospitals and most competent instructors and operators for pursuing the study of the details of his specialties. His success as a surgeon and gynecologist is thoroughly established and he numbers his patients from many of the surrounding States, while his celebrated remedies have an established reputation and sale all over the world. He has the faculty of tak- ing advantage of crises as they arise, and being possessed of an inventive mind, is able to design and construct such original appliances as the cases may require. He is a great observer, always seeking for and quick to avail himself of the benefits MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 305 to be derived from the discoveries and developments made in the rapid strides in progress of the science and practice of medicine and surgery, whether the discovery was made by himself or others, and is always ready to give credit and do honor to the fortunate individual who discovers any means of alleviating sufFering. He is a frequent contributor to medical journals and the articles from his pen are accorded the honor of being copied far and wide, thus giving him a wide professional acquaintance and frequent correspondence from foreign countries. Numerous pub- lishers of medical literature have requested him to become a regular contributor to their publications. Professorships in medical colleges have been tendered him, but as he prefers the practice of medicine to the teaching of it, he has always declined. He has positive opinions upon the subject of temperance, as it affects the health, and has frequent invitations to deliver lectures thereon. He is the author of a physician's pocket account book which gives universal satisfaction. He has been for years surgeon of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, and medical examiner for numerous life insurance societies. His abhorrence of and opposition to all forms of cruelty are well known, and he has for years been president of the South Bend Humane Society. The Doctor is a Republican, and although taking no active part in politics, in two separate political campaigns he could have had a unanimous nomination for the State senatorship, his party insisting upon him accepting it. He has also been requested to accept a nomina- tion to the mayoralty of South Bend, but as it would interfere too greatly with his professional labors to engage actively in politics, all political honors have been declined. Dr. Kilmer was married in 1881 to Miss Margaret Knott, of Sumption Prairie, Ind. , a most estimable lady and a member of one of the best families in the county. She is a great favorite in social circles. Their married life has been exceptionally happy. They have been blessed with one child, a bright and lovely daughter, Bessie, now seven years of age, the joy and idol of her parents, and universally esteemed by her playmates. Although not a member of any chui'ch, the Doctor has a pew in the First Presbyterian Church, for whose pastor, the Rev. Dr. Henry Johnson, he has a profound reverence, and where, with his family, he attends when his professional labors do not prevent. John W. Botd has been a lifelong resident of Mishawaka, is of Scotch descent and comes of a family that settled in America in a very early day. James C Boyd, the father of John W., was born in East Tennessee, but when about eight years of age went with his father to West Virginia, where he was brought up and learned the trade of a carpenter. One of his fellow apprentices was a young man by the name of Brownlow, who afterward became the famous Parson Brownlow of Tennessee. They both served seven years, and Mr. Boyd afterward became a ship carpenter. He was entirely self-educated, and almost wholly self made. He was married in Leb- anon, Va. , to Miss Ann E. Rohr, who was born in Maryland, and they became the parents of eight children: Sarah A., Elizabeth, Lucinda (who died at the age of nineteen years), Margaret C. , John W., James C, Robert F. and Charles H. In 1838 Mr. Boyd came to Mishawaka, at which time he brought with him two negroes, a wo- man and her son, whom he set free. Mr. Boyd settled on some wild land eight miles southeast of Mishawaka, in Penn township, but two years later he removed to the town and began building freight boats to ply on the St. Joseph River, and at one time was the owner of a fleet of nine boats which made regular voyages between St. Joseph and Three Rivers, Mich., carrying a great amount of freight during the year. Mr. Boyd was called the Commodore by the old settlers. He carried on this business successfully until the building of the Michigan Southern & Lake Shore Railroad, when the competition in carrying freight ruined him. In 1850 he crossed the plains to California, becoming very wealthy, but unfortunately lost his mines under an old Spanish claim. In 1856 he returned to Mishawaka and turned his at- tention to farming, dying at the age of sixty-four years. He was a man of great energy, and of large and powerful physique, weighing 320 pounds, and at one time 306 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL lifted a weight of 1,100 pounds. His head was of unusual size, requiring a No. 8^ hat, and had to have them made to order. He was an espouser of all measures of morality, was strictly temperate in his habits, and he and his wife were members of the Methodist Church. He was well known by the old pioneers of the county as a strictly honorable man, and was highly regarded by all. John W. Boyd, his son and the subject of this sketch, was born June 21, 1S38, on his father's farm in Penn township, and received such education as the common schools of his day afforded. At the age of two years he became a resident of Mishawaka, and here, in the old St. Joseph Iron Works, he learned the trade of plow maker, and for tweuty-seven years since has continued to work in the same shops. He became an expert at his trade and in the later years o£ his labor received the best pay of any workman in the es- tablishment. March 31, 1860 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Isaac and Eliza- beth (Byrket) Friend, the former of whom was born in Kentucky and came to St. Josei)h county, Ind., in 1844:, settling on a farm in Penn township one mile south of the town. He was one of the substantial men of his section, became a well-to-do farmer, and he and his wife were members of the German Baptist Church. Their children were Barbara, Polly, Elizabeth and Amos. After his marriage Mr. Boyd settled in Lakeville, ten miles south of South Bend, but in 1861 moved to Misha- waka. August 6, 1862, he offered his services to his country and became a private in Company K, Eighty-seventh Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving with credit until the close of the war, and participating in the battles of Perryville, Mur- freesboro, Franklin, Tallahoma, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, Atlanta, and was with Sherman in the greatest march in history — the march to the sea — his division being in advance, supporting the cavalry and was in an almost continuous skirmish. This was one of the longest marches made by an army and Mr. Boyd walked every step of the way. Gen. Sherman afterward said that his men showed themselves superior machines, and in point of endurance sujierior to the horse and came out in much better condition. Mr. Boyd was also in the battle of Goldsboro, N. C, and was present at Johnston's surrender, from which place he went to Washington, D. C, and took part in the Grand Review. He was honorably discharged at Indian- apolis as orderly sergeant, to which position he had been appointed November 24, 1863. He was at one time detailed to the quartermaster's department as quarter- master sergeant. After the battle of Chickamauga, about November 24, he came home on recruiting service and rejoined the army the following April. Mr. Boyd's career as a soldier was marked by faithfulness to duty, courage and endurance, and he fortunately was not sick or wounded during his entire service, but the severe marches and exposure permanently injured his health, and to this day he is dis- abled by rheumatism and other disorders. At the battle of Atlanta he narrowly escaped death, for he was a large man and at the head of his company, and in the thick of the battle his captain and two men fell at his side and three others near by were wounded. After his gallant service in his country's cause he cheerfully re- sumed the duties of a private citizen, and is justly considered one of the leading men of the place. He has been a member of the town council, belongs to the G. A. R. and is a Republican politically. His long residence in the county has made him well known, and his family is as highly regarded as himself. His chil- dren are: Anna E., who married William Crawford, a merchant of La Porte, Ind. , and has one child; Ella S., married Robert McKnight, a farmer in the vicinity of Mishawaka, by whom she has two children, and Mary A., who married Frank E. Hartwick, a book-keeper of Chicago, by whom she has one child. Robert F. Boyd, a brother of John W. Boyd, was a soldier in Company I, Ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and died in 1861 at Cheat Mountain, Va. Another brother, James C, was in the 100 days' service, who died in the silver mines of Arizona. Horace H. Stevens, of Mishawaka, lad., comes of Puritan stock, his ancestors being among the very first settlers of Plymouth, Mass. This family has become eminent in the affairs of the nation, from the earliest history of the country, and one MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 307 of the early members of the family, Col. Ebeneezer Stevens of Revolutionary fame, assisted to throw the tea in the Boston Harbor, and afterward became a celebrated New York banker (see Lossings Field Book of the Revolution and Johnson's Encyclopedia for further history). Solomon H. Stevens, father of Horace H. , was born in Amherst, N. H. , April 1, 180-4, was reared a farmer and was mainly self- educated, for his school days lasted only three months. At the age of twelve years he was bound out to learn the trade of a baker in the city of Boston, and there he remained until he attained man's estate. He then left "The Hub" and went to Buffalo, N. Y. , where he obtained employment at his trade, and there he was mar- ried November 4, 1832, to Miss Clarissa J., daughter of Joseph Stone, a farmer, and to their union the following children were given: Laura, Charles H., John K. , Horace H. , Clarissa J. and Clark C. After residing in Buffalo for some years, Mr. Stevens moved to Silver Creek, N. Y., but in November, 1842, he turned his face westward and soon found himself at Mishawaka, Ind., where his trade occupied his attention until 1855. By this time he had saved enough means to purchase a farm four miles northeast of the town, and there he resided until the spring of 1863, when he returned to Mishawaka and resided here until he paid the last debt of nature in January, 1874, at the age of seventy years. He always supported the Republican and Whig parties, and for many years was a deacon in the Baptist Church. During the Civil war he was a stanch Union man, and two of his sons, Horace H. and Clark C, were in the Federal army, being members of the same regiment and company. Clark C. died of lung fever contracted from exposure in camp life before he was mustered into the service. Horace H. Stevens was born in Silver Creek, N. Y., May 23, 1840, and obtained his education in the common schools of St. Joseph county, Ind., for he was brought thither by his parents when about two and a half years old. At the age of fifteen he went on to the farm with his father, to whom he gave valuable aid in its cultivation until he entered the army November 6, 1863. becoming a member of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty- eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, at Mishawaka, serving until the war closed. He acted in the capacity of teamster, until he was taken sick from exposure, after which he was in the hospital for three months and obtained a furlough, remain- ing at home for fifty days. He then rejoined his regiment, but was again taken sick and again in the hospital for three months and at Chester for five weeks, then was honorably discharged, as the war had ended. After returning to Mishawaka he followed various occupations for some time, but his constitution was greatly broken down by the hardships of his army career, and he has never regained his old-time vigor. He has always been a model citizen, and has always been strictly temperate and moral, supporting measures for the good of his section in a free- hearted and prompt manner. He has always been a Republican, and has held the office of senior vice-commander in the G. A. R. April 18, 1875, he was married to Mrs. Adelia Lawrence, daughter of Louis Brunnell, a Frenchman by descent. Hon. Timothy E. Howard. To become distinguished at the bar requires not only capacity, but also sound judgment and persevering industry. These qualifica- tions are combined in no gentleman at the St. Joseph county bar to a greater extent than in Timothy E. Howard. A careful and accurate adviser, and an earnest and conscientious advocate, his success at the bar has been achieved by the improvement of opportunities, by untiring diligence, and by close study and correct judgment of men and motives. Like so many of the eminent men of the present day his early career was a humble one, for he was reared on his native farm in the vicinity of Ann Arbor, Mich., where he was born January 27, 1837, and there he soon came to know the meaning of hard work. His parents, Martin and Julia (Beahan) Howard, were both natives of the Isle of Erin, and came to this country in their early days, the former first setting foot on American soil about the year 1832. After a short stay in the Green Mountain State he came to Ann Arbor, Mich. , a few miles from where he eventually entered some Government land, then in a very wild state. There, in 308 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPIIIUAL the midst of the forest, and far from any other human habitation, he erected a little log cabin, where he lived until his means permitted better improvements, and where the subject of this sketch was born. The elder Howard resided on this farm until he paid the last debt of nature in 1851. At the time of his demise he was town- ship clerk, and had held other minor township and district offices. His widow sur- vived him until March, 1892. There are now only three surviving members of their family of seven children: Timothy E., Michael F. and Julia A. Timothy E. Howard was the eldest of the family, and, although but fourteen years of age at the time of his father's death, he took upon his slender and youthful shoulders the management of the home farm, and with the intelligent counsel and advice of his worthy mother, he made a success of his undertakings. His early education was obtained in the common schools of the rural districts, but he was later fortunate enough to be sent to the "Old Seminary " at Ypsilanti, and to the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, enjoying in the former institution the instructions of that model teacher. Prof. Joseph Estabrook, and in the latter that of the genial scholar. Dr. Erastus O. Haven. He taught in the district schools near Ann Arbor for two years. About this time he secured a chance to teach and attend school in the Uni- versity of Notre Dame, Ind. , and at once gladly closed with the offer, and from that noted institution of learning he graduated in 1862. In February of that year he forsook his alma mater in order to light his country's battles and enlisted in Company I, of the Twelfth Michigan Infantry, the fortunes of which he followed until the battle of Shiloh, where he received a gunshot wound in the neck and left shoulder, and was sent to Evansville on a hospital boat and placed in the Marine Hospital, where he remained about two months. Upon recovering he came home on a furlough, and, being honorably discharged as untit for further duty, he returned to teaching at Notre Dame, graduating therefrom that year. He held his position of instructor in that institution for about twenty years altogether. In 1878 he was elected to the position of county clerk, and served four years, during which time he was also a member of the city council. While at Notre Dame he studied law and received his diploma, but did not practice until the expiration of his term as county clerk. Since then he has been an active practitioner, and his knowledge of law and his intelligence on all matters of public interest were recognized by his being elected to the office of State senator in 1886, and by being honored with a re-election in 1890. He is the author of the Momence bill for the drainage of the Kankakee Valley, and was chairman of the special senate committee in charge of the school text-book law. He secured the extension of the new election law to township and city elections, and drafted the new revenue law. He also introduced and pressed to passage the bill for the establishment of the Appellate Court. He had charge in the Senate of the Indianapolis city charter, also of the suburban street railway bill, both of which became laws. He has served as city attorney of South Bend for four year's, and also as county attorney. In November, 1892, he was elected supreme judge of the State, and took his seat on the bench January 2, 1893. The following extract, written while he was in the State Senate, in 1891, is taken from the Evans- ville Journal, and in every way coincided with the opinion that has been formed of him by those who have noticed his brilliant career, or are personally acquainted with him : ' ' His strength lies in his great fairness and liberality, coupled with a keen discernment of the motives behind actions. He himself never hesitates to explain fully his reasons for any line of action, and when he has explained them there is always a large following of senators who find that they may agree with him exactly. He is a Christian gentleman, mild, courteous, patient, unresentful, a fine illustration of the oft disputed fact that a man of lofty character and unyielding principles can succeed in political life." In 1864 he was married to Miss Julia A. Redmond. They have had ten children, eight of whom are living: Charles, Mary, Edward, Agnes, John, Genevieve, Eleanora and George. Mr. Howard has been a member of the G. A. K. since 1880. J^/: MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 311 Prof. Btros J. Bogde. The rapid advancement made of late in matters per- taining to popular education is due in no small part to the brilliant leaders who have arisen here and there, and who have dedicated their labors and energies to the upbuilding of the school interests of their respective States. Among these, none perhaps has won wider recognition in Indiana than Byron J. Bogue, who early began the career of a teacher and is now filling creditably the position of super- intendent of schools of Mishawaka. He is of Scotch descent and comes of one of the early families of this county that settled in Connecticut in the colonial period. His great-grandfather was a soldier in the war for Independence, serving seven years, and his son Henry, who was born in Conneticiit, and there tilled the soil very successfully, was an active participant in the War of 1812. He was married to Sarah Fletcher, and to them five children were given: Rowena, Celestia, Daniel, Newel and Fletcher. Mr. Bogue, with his family, was the seventh family to settle in Brunswick township, Medina Co., Ohio; cleared up a good farm from the wilderness and became one of its most substantial citizens. He was one of the prominent men of his section, was public spirited, and the people showed their re- spect for his views by placing him in a number of positions of trust, which he filled in a most creditable manner. He was a man of lofty character, was the soul of honesty in his business transactions and the respect in which he was held was unbounded. He retained his youthful activity until late in life and died at the age of eighty-one. Daniel Bogue, his son, first saw the light in Colebrook, Litch- field Co., December 15, 1815, and was a mere infant when taken to Ohio by his father, who drove throtigh with an ox team, leaving Connecticut June 20, 1816, ar- riving at his destination, August 28. He received the advantages of the pioneer school, and, in addition to becomming well versed in farming, he also learned the trade of a carpenter. Upon reaching manhood he was married to Hittie, daughter of Henry and Sarah Lewis, the former of whom was a farmer of Portage county, Ohio, although formerly from New York, and a cousin of Maj. Lewis, of the famous Lewis & Clark Expedition, which was the first to cross the mountains. To Daniel Bogue and his wife were born the following named children: Emma (who died in infancy), Ellen, Henry L. , Newel E., Byron J.,Milo, Augustus H., Emma A., Edwin L., and Charles D. After his marriage Mr. Bogue settled on a farm of 140 acres in Rootstown town- ship. Portage Co., Ohio, apart of a tract of laud belonging to his grandfather, which he cleared from the forest and on which he made numerous very valuable improve- ments in the way of buildings, etc. He was always a Democrat, a patron of all en- terprises tending to the advancement of his section, the cause of education finding in him an especially enthusiastic supporter. He gave his children common-school ad- vantages, and encouraged two of his sons to obtain exceptionally liberal educations. He was interested in the County Agricultural Society, of which he was vice-president and director for some years, and being a man of active mind and possessing a large fund of useful general information, his advice was sought on all matters of importance in the county. He has a high standard of honor, is much respected for his integ- rity of character, and his word is justly considered as good as his bond. He is yet living on the old homsetead in Ohio, and for the past fifteen years has been a direct- or of the Portage & Summit Company Pioneer Association. Byron J. Bogue was born on this farm June 17, 1850, and, as soon as he had attained a proper age, he was placed in the district school near his home, in which he obtained acommon ed- ucation. He began teaching in the district schools at the age of ninteen years, after which he attended Buchtel College, of Akron Ohio, in 1872, of which institution he was one of the first students, for it was founded in 1870-1. While in college he continued to teach and work on the farm during vacations, in order to obtain means with which to defray his collegiate expenses, and he also did considerable janitor work aljout the college buildings, while pursuing his studies, and in 1877 he was rewarded by being graduated. Following this he taught select and district school for a time and in 1879 went to Ft. Wayne, Ind., where he taught in the Methodist 312 PICTORIAL AlfD BIOGRAPHICAL Episcopal College until the fall of the same year, when he came to Mishawaka, and for three years was one of the successful teachers of the high school, being princi- pal. For five years following he was superintendent of the public schools of La Grange, Ind. ,but for the past six years has occupied the same position in the schools of Mishawaka, where he has given undisputable evidences of his fitness and popularity. He has thirteen teachers under him. Public education in Indiana has no more earnest advocate and co-operator than he; no one who more thoroughly under- stands and appreciates its needs and interests, and perhaps no one better qualified, through experience, to bring it to that high state of perfection which its present rapid advancement assures. The school library has been enlarged under his management from 400 to 1,200 volumes. A flourishing and popular Lyceum has been organ- ized, completed and dedicated; a grand piano added, besides other furnishings, making an attractive place for young people to assemble for literary work. The school apparatus has been greatly increased and consists of a highlj' improved kind. On the 7th of July, 1881, Mr. Bogue was married to Maria S., daughter of George and Electa (Lee) Colvin, the former of whom removed from the State of New York to Michigan, and, until his death, at the age of sixty-one years, he followed the occupation of a lumberman and millwright. Maria S. Colvin was born October 10, 1855, in Palmyra, Lenawee Co., Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Bogue have an adopted son, Morgan Weir. Mrs. Bogue is highly educated, is a graduate of the Adrian High School, and in 1873 began teaching school in Michigan. After her graduation, in 1876, she was a very successful teacher in the grammar grades of the Mishawaka schools for a term of six years. She is now greatly interested in Orphans Home work and is secretary of the board of the Children's Aid Society, of Indiana. Mr. Bogue and his wife are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which he is an elder. Politically he is a Democrat and socially is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the A. F. & A. M. He is in good circumstances and has a comfortable home in Mishawaka. He has accumulated a very valuable library of reference books, among which may be found such giants as " Encyclojaedia Britannica, " " The American," Zell's Cyclo's,'' "The Century Dictionary,'' "Webster's International Dictionary," and other reliable works. Personally Mr. Bogue is a cultured and polished gentleman, and his agreeable manners and genial qualities have won for him hosts of friends among the prominent peoisle of the county. To the young men under his tutorship he stands a shining example of what a youth may accomplish by energy, industry and brains. Harvey F. Banta. Among the reputable men of Nappanee, Ind. , who, in their conduct of business matters, and the duties belonging to the various relations of life, have acquired a worthy name, is Harvey F. Banta, who, although young in years is old in experience. He was formerly in business in Nappanee but is now connected with the Hawks Furniture Company at Goshen. He was born in Goshen, May 30, 1862, and has been known from his earliest childhood as worthy of the respect and consideration of his neighbors. He was one of four children — three sons and one daughter — born to Frederick and Anna (Eckhart) Banta, natives of Germany, who came to this country about forty years ago, or about 1852, and settled at Goshen. Fredrick Banta is a prosperous and successful business man and has been connected with the Hawks Furniture Company for a number of years, having charge of the manufacturing department. In his political views he afiiliates with the Republican party, and in religion, he and wife hold membership in the Blethodist Episcopal Church. Their children were named as follows: Emma, at home; Harvey F. (sub- ject); Charles, book-keeper for the I. & L. Pump Company, and William, in City National Bank. Harvey F. Banta was reared in Goshen and secured his educa- tion in the public schools of the same. Later he entered the employ of the Hawks Furniture Company, of Goshen, and continued with them for a number of years, but resigned his position as foreman of one of the departments in 1887, and came to Nappanee. In this town he established himself in the furniture and undertaking MEMOIRS OF INDIA]!{A. 313 business, which he carried on very successfully until December 1, 1891, when he sold out to Mr. Good. Mr. Banta is a young man possessed of unusual business attain- ments and is popular both in business and social circles. He is well and favorably known in the county, and in politics supports the policy and principles of the Republican party. He owns a fine residence in Nappanee, has a host of warm friends, and bright prospects are before him. Mr. Banta selected his wife in the person of Miss Ella Mellinger, daughter of John C. Melliager, and their nuptials were celebratedon August 11, 1888. Two children — Mabel and John — are the result of this union. Isaac Williams is descended from a family who settled in Pennsylvania during the colonial history of this country and for many years resided near the Alleghany Mountains, where they braved the dangers and endured the hardships of life in a new and unbroken country, inhabited by the prowling bear and what was far worse — the red man. The paternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch was burnt to death at the stake by the Indians. Benjamin Williams, the father of Isaac, was born in Allegheny county, Penn., but when a young man removed to Ohio, where he was married to Levina Shipley to whom were given an old-fashioned family of four- teen children, thirteen of whom lived to grow up: William, Mariah, Samuel, Lewis, John, Martha J., Jacob, Abraham, Isaac, Huldah, Margaret, Phoebe and Solomon. About 1847 Mr. Williams went to Wisconsin and settled on wild land and died in Waupaca county when quite advanced in years. He cleared up a good farm and assisted his sous to a good start in life. He did considerable surveying in an early day and being hard working and pushing he was proportionately successful. He was a memljer of the Baptist Church and politically was a Republican, being a strong Union man during the Civil war. One of his sons, William, was in the Mexican war and four iu the Civil war: Isaac in Company D; Lewis in Company I, Thirty- second Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, served three years and was in many battles; Samuel and John who were in the same regiment. Isaac Williams was born in Richland county, Ohio, October 16, 1838, aud was about ten years of age upon his removal to Wisconsin, the journey to that State being made by wagon, driving about thirteen head of cattle and horses ahead of them. Isaac was edu- cated in the pioneer schools of Wisconsin, in a house which was built by his father, who also hired the teacher. He became well versed in farm work during his youth, a calling he continued to follow until August 20, 1862, when he enlisted as a private from Waupaca, Wis. , and served in the company and regiment above mentioned until the spring of 1864, when, on account of disability, he was sent to Mound City, 111., thence to Jefferson Barracks, Mo., and was transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps. He was in the engagements at Moscow, Lafayette, Holly Springs, Davis' Mills and numerous skirmishes, but his health was undermined by exposure, and he was honorably discharged June 3, 1865. Upon his return home he went to Wabash, Ind. , and for two years was unable to do any work on account of ill health. He then became better and began learning the trade of a mason at Elkhart, Ind., and to this occupation his attention has since been devoted. He came to Mishawaka in 1879 and has worked at masonry whenever his health would permit, which is about half the time. However, he is in comfortable circumstances. He was married at Lafayette, Ind., in 1864, to Sarah Young, daughter of James and Malinda (Long- fellow) Young, the former of whom was also a soldier in the Civil war in an Indi- ana regiment and died from sickness at Napoleon, Ark. He had two sons who were also in that war, William and Calvin. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Williams has resulted in the birth of five children: Clarence, Ella, Clara, Harvey and Harry. The mother of these children is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. As a citizen Mr. Williams has been whole-souled and public spirited, and his numerous worthy qualities have made him popular and well liked by all who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. He is a member of the G. A. R. and politically is a stanch Republican. 314 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Dr. a. L. Thokp. In pursuing the very important and noble calling of medi- cine, Dr. A. L. Thorp has met with a degree of success, flattering in the extreme. He has not only shown that he is well posted in his profession, but that he can prac- tically apply his knowledge, and as a very natural consequence his services have been greatly in demand, and he is kept busy almost day and night. His ancestors were among the first settlers of Connecticut, from England, and one of them, on the maternal side, was the founder of the noted Yale College. Nathaniel Thorp, the grandfather of Dr. A. L. , was born in Connecticut, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, and later held the rank of lieutenant in the War of 1812, and was killed at the battle of Black Rock, N. Y. He was married in the State of his birth to Miss Sarah Pay ton, and at an early day moved to Rochester, N. Y., thence to Cleveland, Ohio, at which time there were no white settlers iu the place and no houses — only a few Indian huts. He remained there but a short time, then moved with his family to Ashtabula county, from which place he enlisted in the last war with the British. His son Basil was born in an Indian hut at Cleveland, being the first white child born within the present confines of that city; then came Julia, War- ren, Abigail, Dayton and Ferris. Dayton Thorp's birth occurred in Ashtabula county, Ohio, April 29, 1800, and he was brought up to the hardshipsof a pioneer life. Although his early education was limited, he returned to the old home of his par- ents, Connecticiit, when a young man, where he pursued the study of medicine and became a physician. Catherine Countryman, who resided near Cleveland, Ohio, and a daughter of Conrad Countryman, of German stock, became his wife. Her paternal ancestors settled in Black Hawk Valley, N. Y., before the Revolution, and during an Indian massacre that occurred, her father, who was a small boy, hid in the brush for some time, subsisting as best he could. He was a blacksmith by trade, afterward settled at Cleveland, and died in Michigan. His wife was Cornelia Van Plank, of New York City, whose ancestors were among the original Dutch settlers of New Amsterdam. Seven children were born to Dayton Thorp and his wife: Alexander L., Sylvester A., Mary E., Charles W. , Calvin J., Julia M. and Paulina N. Mr. Thorp finally moved to Cass county, Mich., in 1833, where he cleared up a farm, and passed the remainder of his days, dying in 1879. He was a substantial tiller of the soil, and he and his wife were members of the Methodist Church, and took a deep interest iu religious matters, he being an exhorter in that church for over forty years. He was a Democrat until the Civil war, then became a Repub- lican. Dr. A. L. Thorp was born near Cleveland, Ohio, November 9, 1827, secured a good education in Cleveland Academy, after which he read medicine with his father, then entered the Eclectic Medical College, of Cleveland, Ohio. Later he attended lectures in New York City and at Ann Arbor, Mich. In 1850 he began practicing at Vandalia, Mich., where he conducted a very successful practice for thirty-five years. Since September, 1885, he has been a resident of Mishawaka, Ind. , and through sheer ability has built up a very large practice. He is a skillful and suc- cessful surgeon and medical practitioner, and has successfully battled with several severe epidemics, mostly in 1851 and 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1863, 1873, 1876 and 1881. In 1850 he married Sarah, daughter of H. S. Madding, of southern Illinois, but was called upon to mourn her death in 1851, after she had borne him a child; Baron C. November 14, 1855, he married Martha E. Case, a widow, daughter of David Burdick, and she has also borne him one child: Carrie L. Dr. Thorp is respected wherever he is known, and has been clerk of Penn township, was clerk of Cass county, Mich., for nineteen years, was justice of the peace twelve years, and was commissioner of highways for six years. He has been an active patron of edu- cational matters, has always been a strong Republican, and was one of the organ- izers of the party under the oaks at Jackson, Mich. He has a well selected medical library, and is a patron and reader of the principal medical journals. As a citizen he is all that could be desired, for he is patriotic, progressive and public spirited, and by all who have business relations with him he is justly considered that noblest MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 316 work of God — an honest man. Dr. Thorp ia a member of the Michigan State Med- ical Society, the Elkhart County (Ind.) Medical Society, and is a charter member of the St. Joseph County Medical Society and the Indiana State Medical Society. His son, Baron C, is a physician of Canton, Neb. Vincent Bronner may be justly regarded as one of the enterprising, reliable and substantial citizens of Mishawaka, Ind., in the affairs of which place he has always shown a decided interest, and which he has aided in a very substantial manner. Hia father, Caspar Brunner, was born in Switzerland July 20, 1808, at Canton Aargau Wurenlos, and in the land of his birth received a common-school education and learned the tailor's trade. He was married to Barbara Brunner, who, although she bore the same family name, was no relative, and to them five children were born, two of whom died in infancy; Agnes, Peter and Vincent are the surviving members. Mr. Brunner was a soldier in the Sonderbund war. In 1867 he decided to seek a home for himself and family in America, and on December 24, of that year, landed at Castle Garden, New York City, from which place he came to Whitley county, Ind. , and one year later to St. Joseph county, taking up his residence in Mishawaka, where he began working at his trade. He was much respected for his sound judgment in the land of his birth and held the offices of alderman and justice of the peace. His reputation for sound and practical views followed him across the water, and he was soon regarded as one of the substantial men of Mishawaka. He gave his children good educational advantages, and being industrious and pushing, he was at one time the owner of a handsome property. Upon leaving Switzerland he received a pass- port, speaking very highly of himself and family, also a letter of introduction and commendation to the Catholic Church in this county, of which denomination he and his wife were devout members. He died in Mishawaka August 25, 1872, at the age of sixty-four years. After coming to this country he always identified himself with the Democratic party. Vincent Brunner was born in the native canton of his forefathers in Switzerland, where his family had been respected members of society since the sixteenth century, his birth occurring January 22, 1862. When about five years of age he came with his parents to America and received the common-school education of this coun- try, learning to read, write and speak both English and German fluently. At the age of fourteen years he began clerking in the grocery story of Frank Eberhart, remaining his diligent, faithful and trusted employe for six years, supporting, in the meantime, his widowed mother. In 1885 he borrowed $300 and went into partnership with H. B. Fitch, with whom he opened a grocery store in Mishawaka, but at the end of one year he bought out his partner and continued the business very successfully and profitably alone until 1888 when be disposed of his stock to his for- mer partner. His health being quite poor at this time, he decided to spend some time in Europe, and during the four months that he remained in that country he vis- ited Switzerland, Germany, France and Italy. While in his native land he spent some time at his birthplace, and, although he was quite young when he left there, he well remembered the old town. After his return home he once more resumed the grocery business in Mishawaka, but at the end of one year he sold out and turned his attention to farming in Penn township, to which occupation he devoted his attention until 1892, when he returned to Mishawaka. Mr. Brunner is in every respect a self-made man, and all the property of which he is now the owner he secured by his own good judgment and energy. He has a fine residence and lot in the town and has erected a tine two story brick business building on the corner of Bridge and St. Joseph streets, 29x80 feet in dimensions, with fine plate glass and metal front. The business room is ceiled with ornamental metal and the upper rooms are partitioned off for the use of two families. This building is one of the handsomest in the town. May 1, 1883, Mr. Brunner married Dora, daughter of Leopold and Marguerita (Raab) Deutchle, the former of whom is a farmer of Mad- ison township, coming to this country from Germany in 1866. He and his wife became the parents of the following children: Audrevy, Reuben, Wilhelmina, Dora, 316 PICTORIAL A^D BIOGRAPHICAL Mary, George, Johu aud Valentine. Mr. and Mr^. Brunner have five children: Cas- par, Caroline, Joseph, Vincent and Victor. Mr. Brunner is a Democrat; he and his wife are earnest members of the Catholic Church, and he is a member of the Cath- olic Knights of America. He is public spirited, in favor of improvements and stands high in business circles. The corner-stone of his fine business building is engraved and contains a genealogical record of the Brunner family, extending back to the six- teenth century. Hon. W. H. Lo.vgley, ex-mayor of South Bend, and president of the Northern Indiana Hedge Fence Company, is a native of Elkhart county, Ind., where he was born on October 3, 1846, a son of Andrew and Mary Longley, natives of Pennsyl- vania and Elkhart county, Ind., respectively. The paternal grandfather, William Longley, removed from his native State to Elkhart county, Ind., about 1834, of which section he was among the pioneer settlers. They came thither in wagons and located in the vicinity of Elkhart, where Mr. Longley purchased a heavily timbered and very wild tract of land. The Indians were still plentiful throughout the region, but were not hostile. On this farm the grandfather was called from life. About 1853 Andrew Longley came to St. Joseph county and settled on Sumption Prairie, where, until within a few years, he followed agricultural pursuits. Three children were born to himself and wife: William H. , Josephine and Mercy. William H. Longley, the subject of this sketch, remained with and assisted his father on the home farm until he was twenty-one years of age, receiving the advantages of the district schools in the vicinity of his rural home, his education being completed in Notre Dame College, from the commercial department of which he graduated in 1867. Soon after this he entered the dry goods store of John Brownfield, where he remained until 1888, at which time he engaged in the manufacture of knit under- wear. He was one of the incorporators of the A. C. Staley Manufacturing Company, of which he was made vice-president, and held the office until elected to the position of mayor of South Bend. He is still a stockholder in this concern, and is also one of the incorporators of the Northern Indiana Hedge Fence Company. He is a stock- holder in the St. Edwards Land & Insurance Company of St. Edwards, Neb. He was elected mayor of South Bend in 1888, was re-elected in 1890, during which time he was careful to guard the interests of the city and made a very efficient official. In 1882 he was made councilman from the Second Ward, in which capacity he served one term. He is one of the leading spirits of the city, and is always a leader in public enterprises. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the K. of P., being a charter member of Crusade Lodge, No. 14, and also belongs to the Uniform Rank. He has been a married man since 1872, at which time Miss Helen Searle became his wife, and eventually the mother of a son and two daughters: Howard, Mary and Edna. Mr. Longley has a goodly amount of this world's goods, and is a successful and intelligent business man. John W. Albin. No State in the Union gives greater encouragement to a man who desires to devote himself to agricultural life than does Indiana. Its resources are almost inexhaustible and its climate is adapted to the cultivation of varied crops. Among the prominent and enterprising farmers of Union township, Elk- hart Co., Ind., stands the name of John W. Albin, who has been identified with the best interests of the county since 1866. He was born in Clark county, Ohio, September 9, 1845, and was the youngest of seven children born to the marriage of Samuel and Elizabeth (Adams) Albin. Samuel Albin was a native of that good old State, Virginia, born in 1809, and the son of John Albin, who was also a native of the Old Dominion, but who, at an early date, emigrated to Clark county, Ohio, be- ing among the early pioneers of that State. Samuel was one of a family of four- teen children. John Albin was a soldier in the War of 1812, as also were a number of his brothers, and drew a pension on account of his services. The family had settled in Ohio about 1810, and John Albin took up land four miles from the site of the present city of Springfield. There his death occurred about 1834, aud he was followed MEMOIRS OF INDT^L^A. 317 sooa after by his wife. He was a man who made a good farm out of the Ohio woods, and he reared a large family of children. In politics he was a Democrat. The Albin family was of old Virginia stock and the ancestors came originally from Eng- land. Of John Albin's family two or three are still living and, as might naturally be supposed, are well along in years. A daughter, IVIrs. Charity Walburn, is still living in Union township, Elkhart county, and two sons, George and Benjamin, are in Nebraska and Kansas, respectively. The names of all the children were as follows: Nancy A., Joseph C, William, Samuel, Sarah, Charity, Moreland, John, Rachel, Rebecca, Eliza J. , Benjamin, Moses and George N. All of these were married and reared families. Moses was a soldier and died while in service; and George, too, was a soldier, serving for three years. Samuel Albin was not a year old when his parents emigrated to Ohio, and he was reared on his father's farm in Clark county. Like most farmer's boys of that day he was early trained to the duties of the farm, and acquired an education in a business way. About the year 1832 he married Miss Adams, and at the death of his father purchased the old home place on which he resided until his death in May, 1865. His wife was a daughter of John Adams, named after the President of that name, and probably one of his de- scendants. It is supposed that the Adams family came from Virginia and were early settlers of Clark county, Ohio. Mrs. Albin was born in the Old Dominion in 1814, and was one of six children, as follows: William, David, Caroline, Elizabeth, Wilson and Lavina. Of these only three are living: William and David in Cali- fornia, and Caroline, in Clark county, Ohio. Mrs. Albin died when our subject was but four years of age, leaving seven children, all of whom reached manhood and womanhood. Her death occurred in Clark county, Ohio, and she was a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. After her death Samuel married Miss Anna Armstrong, who bore him two children, Malissa. who married Martin Walter, and now resides in Ohio, and Martha, who became the wife of Charles Swaney. The children born to the first marriage were named as follows: Gabriel, married and residing on a farm in Richland county. 111. , was a soldier in the late war; Nathan, died in Illinois and left a wife and family; Margaret, wife of Jasper Miller, resides in Illinois and is the mother of a family; Caroline married Smith Miller and resides in Illinois, her husband being dead; Catherine, wife of Charles Beatty, resides in Clark county, Ohio; Nancy A., married Robert McCullough and is also a resident of that county, and our subject, who is the youngest of the family. In politics the father of these children was a Democrat. He was a man well posted on all the important issues of the day and a citizen esteemed and respected. He held many offices of trust in the neighborhood in which he lived, took an active in- terest in all laudable enterprises, and was one of the foremost men of his section. He became quite wealthy. John W. Albin remained on his father's farm in Clark county, Ohio, until over nineteen years of age, when his father died. He attended the common schools, secured a good practical education, and after the death of his father started out to fight his own way in life. In 1866 he came to Elkhart county, Ind. , and worked at the carpenter's trade for two years. In the spring of 1869 he bought the farm where he now lives, and as he had about S700 when he came to this county, he put it all into the land. This consisted of eighty acres, and was all in the woods. He immediatel}' began clearing and grubbing and, as a result, has now one of the finest farms in this part of the county. He has been unusually suc- cessful as a business man and farmer and his good fortune is due to his integrity, honesty, business ability and the push which is lacking in so many young men. Mr. Albin has some fine stock on his place and is pajing considerable attention to the breeding of good stock. He is much interested in the political issues of the day and is a stanch Democrat. He has held various offices in the township, viz. : justice of the peace for four years, school officer, constable, etc., and was elected countj' commissioner, but the election being contested, has been carried to the su- preme court. Schools, churches and all things for the upbuilding of Elkhart county. 318 nCTOHIAL AND BIOGliAPIIICAL are of interest to Mr. Albin. In his choice of a wife he selected Miss Lydia A. Slabaugh, and their nujjtials were solemnized in 1869. She was born August 5, 1850, in Portage county, Ohio, and was one of three children, two of whom are living, born to Christian E. and Sophia (Walters) Slabaugh. Mr. and Mrs Albin are the parents of these children: Minnie, born February 21, 1871, is at home; Eva, born October 19, 1872, also at home; Mervin, born October 25, 1877; Celeste, born October 28, 1880, and Vera was born January 19, 1888. Hon. Marvin Campbell, manager sales department for Studebaker Bros. Manu- facturing Company, of South Bend, Ind., and treasurer of the Mishawaka Woolen Manufactory, is a wide-awake and successful man of business, who thoroughly under- stands what is required of him and fulfills these requirements in an able and highly satisfactory manner. His birth occurred at Valparaiso, Ind., March 13, 1849, his parents, Samuel A. and Harriet (Cornell) Campbell, being natives of New York and Ohio respectively. Samuel A. Campbell came with his father to Valparaiso when a lad of twelve years, or in 1832, and settled on a farm near that place which, being still Government land, was in a very wild state. Here Samuel A. Campbell still lives at the age of seventy-two years, and the laud that was then totally unimproved, is now a magnificent farm, on which are handsome and substantial buildings. In his family there were six children: Myron and Marvin (twins), Darius, Helen, Otto S. and Ida M. Those now living are Myron Coster, of South Bend National Bank; Otto S. , a farmer upon the home farm, and the subject of this sketch. He was reared on the old home farm in the vicinity of Valparaiso and received his education in the Valparaiso Male & Female College; the year of 1869 was spent as a teacher of mathematics in the Valparaiso High School. In 1870 he came to Soixth Bend as a teacher of mathematics in the high school, which position he occupied for two years, at the end of which time he engaged in the hardware business and followed it suc- cessfully for twelve years. He then sold his hardware stock to Munroe & Keltner, and invested in the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company, and has been con- nected with this concern ever since. He is one of its directors and is its treasurer, but only makes occasional visits to its oiSce. In 1889 he became purchasing agent for Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company, and continued in that position until January 1, 1893, when he was promoted to the responsible position of general man- ager of the sales department. The citizens of St. Joseph and Starke counties, Ind., showed their appreciation of his many worthy qualities by electing him to the State Senate and he served with distinction in the sessions of 1883 and 1885. During this time he made a record as an able politician and won a deserved repiitation as a forcible, eloquent and logical orator, and his services in this capacity' have been in much demand throughout St. Joseph and surrounding counties. He is now, in a great measure, retired from the political arena and devotes his almost exclusive attention to his business. He has always been an active Republican. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. fraternity. In 1874 he was married to Miss Lydia A. Brownfield, of South Bend, and their union has resulted in the birth of three children: John B. , who graduated from the South Bend High School in the summer of 1892, and is now taking a course in the Rose Polytechnic School of Terre Haute; Harriet B. and Marvin R. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. She is a daughter of the late Hon. John Brownfield, a very prominent man of Indiana, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume. Albert Gaylor, Mishawaka, Ind. The father of our subject is one of the old pioneer settlers of St. Joseph county. He has descended from German stock, his great-great-grandfather coming from Germany and settling in the State of New York. He returned to his native country, and never came back. Jacob M. Gaylor, Sr., the grandfather of our subject, was born in the State of New York and became a farmer in Rensselaer county, in that State. He married Hannah Snyder and to them was born one child, Jacob M., the father of our subject. Mr. Gaylor died in August, 1809, and his widow afterward married Eli B. Mead, a son of John Mead, MEMOIRS OF INDIAI^A. 319 who was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, entering at the age of fourteen and serving through the whole struggle. To Mr. and Mrs. Mead were born four chil- dren: John M., Catherine, Mary A. and Bets}'. Mr. Mead removed to Dearborn county, Ind., settling near Rising Sun about 1816, when the State was yet a Terri- tory. In 1834 Mr. Mead removed with his family to St. Joseph and settled in the woods in Penn township about three miles south of Mishawaka and cleared up a farm. Mrs. Mead, the grandmother of our subject, lived until she was almost eighty-nine. Jacob M. Gaylor the father of our subject, was born August 5, 1809, in the State of New York and was but seven years of age when the family removed to Dearborn county, Ind. He had received the limited common-school education of the day, grew up a farmer and married, November 18, 1830, Cynthia Crouch, of that county, became the father of one child, Eleanor, who also married, but is now deceased. Mrs. Gaylor died in Dearborn county, September 9, 1832, and Mr. Gaylor married Azubah Ferris, September 26, 1833. She was the daughter of Isaiah and Lucinda (Crouch) Ferris. Mr. Ferris was of old American colonial stock from Vermont and was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He afterward settled in St. Joseph county, Penn township, in 1836, near the Dixon neighborhood. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were born three children, one who died an infant, Albert and Sarah A. In 1834 Mr. Gaylor removed his mother and family to St. Joseph county, where Mr. Mead had preceded them and built a log cabin. Mr. Gaylor made this journey with a four ox team, consuming about thirteen days on the way, the dis- tance being some two hundred miles, and after comfortably settling the family of Mr. Mead he returned home and in 1835 brought his own family, being fourteen days on the way and being accompanied by Jonathan Buck and family. Mr. Gaylor settled in the woods in Penn township, four miles south of Mishawaka, entered 120 acres of land which he cleared up and made into a good farm and here erected a substantial residence, barns and other farm buildings. His means were very limited, but by industry and thrift accumulated property. Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were devout members of the Baptist Church, the former being for many years clerk and a deacon, holding membership with that body for fifty-nine years. He always felt an interest in religious matters and materiallj' assisted the churches at La Porte, Warsaw and Mishawaka. He was in favor of all educational meas- ures; served the people as school director, township trustee and supervisor, Ijeing a man in whom the people could repose the greatest confidence. Politically he was a Republican for many years, but at present he votes with the Prohibition party. For many years he lived on his farm, an honored and respected citizen, but in 1873 he moved into Mishawaka, bought a residence and retired from active life. His wife died at the age of eighty-two years, September 3, 1892. She was a devout Christian, and left many friends. Mr. Gaylor's long life of eighty-three years has been well spent. He is one of the few original pioneers of St. Joseph county now living, and has been spared to see this county develop from a primitive wilderness into a well -cultivated section with thriving towns and a prosperous people. Albert Gaylor, the son of one of the honored pioneer citizens of St. Joseph county, and a prominent business man of Mishawaka, was born on the old Gaylor homestead, four miles south of the town, March 29, 1841, was there reared and at- tended the pioneer log school house, the best of the period. He was taught the duties of farm life, and at maturity married, October 31, 1865, Mary A., daughter of George and Mary (Kettering) Kiefer. The father of Mrs. Gaylor was born in Bavaria, Germany, March 25, 1812 and was educated in the common schools of the country. He learned the weaver's trade, which he followed until he was twenty-one yeiirs of age, when, in accordance with the laws of Germany, he was drafted as a soldier into the army, but not being needed, was granted a leave of absence, during which time he worked at his trade. By the law of Germany he was bound for serv- ice for six years, but before that time expired he sailed for America and landed at New York City, April 22. 1836. Almost the first thing be did after landing was to 320 PICTORIAL A^'D BIOGRAPHICAL declare his intention to become an American citizen, having, in the meantime, secured an honorable discharge from the German army. He soon found work in a cotton factory, which he followed for two years, when on February 6, 1838, he was mar- ried to Miss Mary Kettering, whom he had known in Germany, they having attended the same school. They then moved to Portage county, Ohio, and began farming. Here they lived for seven years, after which they went to Indiana, where they re- mained twenty-four years. In the spring of 1871 he moved to Independence, Iowa, where he bought a house, and resided until his death on Xew Year's Day, 1893. For forty years he and wife were members of the Evangelical Church. For eight years he filled the office of trustee of Washington township. He was the father of twelve children, thirty-three grandchildren and three great grandchildren. On Feb- ruary 6, 1888, their children, with a few friends, gathered at the home and cele- brated the golden wedding of their parents in an appropriate manner. Mr. Kiefer had always been regarded with feelings of great esteem by the citizens of all classes and parties. He deserved this respect in every particular, as the reward of a vir- tuous, well-spent life. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaylor were born four children, as follows: E. Victoria, born September 9, 1866; John F., born October 21, 1869; Ralph W., born October 9, 1873, and Mable E., born April 17, 1879. Mr. Gaylor remained on the home farm, which he managed for his father until 1872, being a substantial farmer and a man who commanded the respect of the people of the township. In his political opinions he is a stanch Republican, and has acceptably filled the office of assessor of Penn township for five years, and has been a member of the Misha- waka council for three years; the office of township trustee of Penn township for four years, from 1881 to 1884. Mr. Gaylor has taken an active interest in the pub- lic schools of Mishawaka, and has been on the board of education for a number of years. Both he and wife are members of the Methodist Church, in which body he has held the offices of steward and trustee. Socially he is a Mason and a member of Mishawaka Lodge, No. 130, also a member of the chapter and council and the Commandery Knights Templar of South Bend. Mr. Gaylor has filled all of the chairs in the Mishawaka Lodge and Council. In 1873 he removed to Mishawaka and engaged in the grocery business five years. He built the first wood pulp-mill in St. Joseph county, in 1877, and this mill was the first of its kind in the State. He remained in this business until the spring of 1887, when he founded the firm of Gaylor & Doolittle and engaged in the agricultural implement business, the firm also dealing in wood, coal, tiling, etc. Mr. Gaylor is a first-class citizen and owns a tasteful and commodious residence on the north side of the town, opposite the park. His children have all received an excellent education, all being graduates of the Mishawaka High School, except the youngest, who is now pursuing the same course. His sons also received a commercial education in Chicago and in South Bend. His daughter, E. Victoria, has been a successful teacher in the B grammar department, in the Mishawaka public schools for seven years. John F. is an expert stenographer in the general freight office at Chicago of the Michigan Central Rail- road Company, receiving his commercial education in Chicago. Ralph W. is also an expert stenographer in the office of the Wisconsin Central Depot, at Chicago, for J. Hawn, manager of the Wisconsin Central. Mr. Gaylor is one of the success- ful business men of Mishawaka and stands high as a man of character whose integrity is unimpeached. He is the agent of Robbin Battell, of New York City, a large property holder in St. Joseph county, to whom the people of Mishawaka owe the beautiful Battell Park on the north side. Charles A. Brehmer, architect. With the increase in population, refinement and wealth in the cities of the United States, has arisen a growing demand for the blend- ing of the artistic, and the beautiful with the utilitarian in architecture. The results have been extremely gratifying to the advocates of progress in this most vitally important profession. Among those who have acquired a wide reputation for their skill and artistic conception, ranks Charles A. Brehmer, who was born in Glencoe, MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 321 111., September 23, 1860, a son of Charles A. and Mary (Uthe) Brehmer, the former a native of Alsace, France (now Germany), and the latter born in this country, but of German parentage. The father came to this country prior to his marriage, was finely educated and possessed business ability of a high order. He could write three different languages, speak seven different tongues, which fact made his services very valuable and much sought after. He was the manager for a New York syndicate in a large brick-yard and later iilied the same position in the Michigan lumber camps, but ended his days on a farm in the vicinity of Lansing, Mich., in July, 1891, his death occurring very suddenly. His wife had been called from life four years earlier. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters: Charles A., Louis, Frank (deceased), and the two daughters deceased. The subject of this sketch was principally reared in Bay City, Mich., where he received his primary education in the public schools. He then entered the University of Notre Dame, in which institution he went through a course of training in all the building trades. This training occupied six years of schooling, and after leaving that institution he went to Bay City, Mich., where he took a two-years' course of instruction under that well-known lumberman and architect — James Shearer. In 1884 Mr. Brehmer returned to South Bend and worked at his trade, subsequently engaging in contract- ing for himself, and for two years he successfully continued both branches of his business. For the last four years he has turned his attention entirely to archi- tectural work, and among the many remarkably creditable specimens of his skill, may be mentioned the handsome residence of Pat O'Brien, the Shickery residence, the residence of Prof. Egan, the Pabst Brewing Company's building, of which he was the contractor, and the following buildings which he designed: Kesidences for Dr. P. E. Rupp, J. P. Creed, J. Rockstroh, A. W. Lee, M. Bieger, E. A. Jernegan. F. Hollister, L. Eliel, Edwin Witwer, J. C. Naidlhart, Frank Mayer, C. Hudson, Martha luwood, the Coquillard flats, and numerous others; the German Methodist Church, the rectory of St. Patrick's Church, the business house of Listenberger & Varrier, German Lutheran Church, of Woodland, six business blocks, two of which are four-story structures, and various other buildings. Mr. Brehmer is the leading architect of the city and is prominent in the social circles of the place. At present he is president of the board of water trustees. He is the owner of considerable valuable property, and, possessing good judgment and prudence, is accumulating ■wealth. At the present time he is superintending the building of the Arlington Hotel of Benton Harbor, Mich. January 16, 1883, he was manied to Miss Mary A. Eiley, of South Bend, by whom he has six childi-en: Charles E., Gertrude, Olivia, Mary, Louis and Bernhard. Mr. Brehmer is a member of the C. K. of A. tfoHN Barkey, Mishawaka, Ind. For generations the ancestors of our subject have led agricultural lives. They came to America, fleeing from religious persecu- tion in Germany, and at the invitation of "William Penn settled in Bucks county, Penn., whence the family has spread, and one of its most respected representa- tives is John Barkey, of Mishawaka, Ind., the subject of the present sketch. Grand- father Barkey was a farmer in Bucks county; his sons Christian and Jacob, located in Wayne and Medina counties, Ohio. His son John, the father of our subject, was born in Bucks county, Penn.. wasreared to farm life and educated in German. The religion of the family was Mennonite and the children were all strictly reared. John married Susannah Buzzard, of Bucks county and they had a family of twelve children who grew to maturity and three who died young. The names of the living were Anna, Eachael, Catherine, Elizabeth, Margaret, Barbara, Christian, Mary, John, George, Peter and Isaac. In 1857 Mr. Barkey moved with his family to Holmes county, Ohio, and settled on 160 acres of land in the wilderness, and here cleared up a good farm and erected comfortable farm buildings. He became a minister in the Mennonite church, preached for many years and was one of the founders of that church in Holmes county. He was an earnest man, a good citizen and, like many other pioneers, could turn his hand to almost any kind of work. He 322 PICTORIAL AND BIOGMAPUICAL was a fair carpenter, cooper, shoemaker and miller and lived to the age of seventy- nine years two months and live days, dying on his farm in Holmes county. Of quiet disposition and of sincere Christian character, he had regard and respect from all, and it was a comfort to him that he never had a lawsuit in his life. John Barkey, a son of the above, and subject of this sketch, was born February 25, 1828, on his father's clearing, in Holmes county, Ohio, in a small log cabin. His birth occurred one year after their removal from Pennsylvania, and he was reared among pioneer scenes. He was early obliged to assist in the clearing and cultivating of the farm and received only such education as could be acquired in the little log school- house which he was able to attend for a few seasons, a couple of weeks at a time. His father built a saw-mill and he learned to work there, so continuing until he was twenty-three years of age. He came to St. Joseph county in the spring of 1852, and worked for John Weldy, who was a pioneer of St. Joseph county, his farm being on the line between Elkhart and St. Joseph counties, in Madison and Olive town- ships. On April 19, 1855, he married Elizabeth, daughter of John and Anna (Ketch) Weldy (see sketch of Abraham Weldy). Mr. and Mrs. Barkey remained on the home farm one year, and in 1856 settled on his present farm, in the woods of Madison township, of eighty acres, which was a wedding present from John Weldy. Mr. Barkey cleared a spot, built a log cabin 18x20 feet, contain- ing two rooms and made comfortable with a board floor, and here two of his chil- dren were born and Mr. Barkey and wife spent ten years of their married life. He cleared up his land, and by industry and thrift added to it until he now owns 215 acres of fine farming land with good improvements. Both Mr. and Mrs. Barkej' are de- vout members of the Mennonite Church, and the former has always contributed lib- erally to the support and extension of his denomination. Politically, he affiliates with the Democratic party. To Mr. and Mrs. Barkey were born three children: Susannah W., born December 26, 1862, and died August 3, 1863; an infant un- named, born April 10, 1866, and Levi W. , born September 29, 1869. Mr. Barkey is one of the practical and substantial farmers of Madison township, has seen St. Joseph county grow from a wilderness into a well-developed and prosperous sec- tion. He and his faithful wife have labored hard to improve their surroundings and his honorable and blameless life is one to be commended. Levi W., the only child of the above, was born on the old homestead and was sent to the common schools of the district, this education being supplemented by attendance at the normal school at Valparaiso, Ind. He became a practical farmer and was married February 1, 1890, to Lizzie M., daughter of Daniel and Nancy (Metzler) Huntzberger. They have one child, Elmer H., born April 19, 1891. He is a young man of enterprise and industry, and manages the home farm. In 1863 the father of this young man brought the first portable saw-mill to Madison township. It had a circular saw, and was the first portable mill for twenty miles around, being at that time a great curi- osity, visitors coming for miles around to see it. The original name of this family may have been spelled Berkey. Jacob Minnick, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of the present biography is one of the prominent old settlers of St. Joseph county, and one of the substantial pio- neer farmers of Penn township. He is of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock. His grandfather, Jacob Minnick. was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, was a farmer in Bucks county, married a Miss Storm, and became the father or eight children: Jacob, John, Joseph, Samuel, William, Catherine, Polly and Margaret. Jacob Minnick moved to the State of Ohio about 1812, and settled in Stark county while it was still a wilderness. He cleared up a good farm of 160 acres, but after his sons grew up he sold this farm and bought forty acres with a saw-mill, and here passed the remainder of his days. He was a hard-working, honorable, pioneer citi- zen, and both he and his wife were members of a pioneer church. He was respected by all, and when his death occurred suddenl)', at the age of seventy-one years, he ■was lamented by many. Jacob Minnick, a sou of the above and the father of our MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 323 subject, was born in Bucks comity, Penn. , and received only a limited common-school education, but could read and write. He learned the trade of tanner, and married in Center county, Penn. , Susan Harvey, also of Pennsylvania, of Dutch stock, and to them were born nine children, as follows: John, William, Jacob, Joseph, Betsy, Polly, Catherine, Sarah and Susan. Mr. Minnick removed to Ohio in 1816, and died at the age of forty-two years. He was a member of the Lutheran Church, and an industrious, hard-working, honorable man. Jacob Minnick, his son and our subject, was born in Pennsylvania and was six weeks old when he was brought to Stark county, Ohio, by his parents, and was but twelve years of age when his father died, and he was brought up by his grandfather from the time he was two years of age. His early education was received in the pioneer log cabin schoolhouse, where the door was hung on wooden hinges and the latch was a wooden one, with the string hanging out. His school days were contained in six weeks during youth, but after he was eighteen years of age he went to school two months one winter. Later in life he was quick and accurate at figures, computing interest correctly in his mind and never using the pencil. Those were the days when boys learned to work, and his case was no exception, as at that time there was much work that fell to the share of the boys that now can be done by machinery. He helped to thresh the grain, and rode the horse that trampled it out on the barn floor. He was an inmate of his grandfather's home until he was eight- een years of age, at which time he learned the trade of plasterer. He made a bar- gain which he soon realized was not a just one, and so refused to fulfill it, receiving for his services twelve shillings with which he bought six yards of muslin for two shirts. He then engaged on the Ohio Canal, as a driver on the tow-path, later going to school for two months, and working that winter for his board. Following this he worked on the farm for Jacob Myers, for several years, and January 30, 1845, married Mary A. Baker, a daughter of Jonathan and Theresa (Adams) Baker. Mrs. Minnick descended from the distinguished Adams family, of New England, and the Bakers were of Pennsylvania stock. Jacob Adams was a second cousin of John Adams, the President of the United States, and he was the grandfather of Mrs. Minnick. He was born in Adams county, Penn., a son of Adams, who came from New England at an early day, and settled in Pennsylvania, and from whom Adams county took its name. Jacob Adams was a man of prominence and education, and became a wealthy citizen. To Mr. and Mrs. Minnick were born six children: Louisa M. , George W., Amanda M., Ruthannah L., Ellen T. and Laura A. After marriage Mr. Minnick lived for five years in Stark county, Ohio, but in the spring of 1849 came to St. Joseph county, Ind. He made the removal with a span of horses and a farm wagon, being thirteen days on the way, leaving Stark county May 2, and arriving in Mish- awaka on the 15th of the same month. One week later he bought eighty acres of his present farm. At this time he was in limited circumstances, having one pair of horses, a wagon and $320 in cash. At that time he had a wife and one child. Forty acres of his land had been chopped over for charcoal, and there was a log cabin on the place. For this land he agreed to pay |1,000, paying §300 down. There were thirty acres of grass on the place and eighteen acres of wheat. By hard work, thrift and economy, Mr. Minnick added to his farm, until he now owns 200 acres with substantial buildings. He has reared a large family, and has given them educational advantages. His daughter, Amanda, was educated at St. Mary's Academy, and taiight in Mishawaka and district schools for a period of thirteen years, becoming proficient as well as a veteran in the profession. Ellen at- tended school at Valparaiso, and taught ten terms in the county. All of the chil- dren are now married, and well settled in life. He has made his way by the dint of hard work and honest endeavor, and deserves the esteem which he receives through the county. Politically he is a Republican, having formerly been an old line Whig. WiLBERT W.\RD, attomev at law of South Bend, Ind. This gentleman is one who has attained a considerable degree of eminence in the lines of his profession 334 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPUICAL and, although young, has gained an excellent reputation as an advocate and coun- selor. He is a native of the county in which he resides, his birth occurring April 29, 1861, his parents being George and Jane (Cobb) Ward, both natives of this county also and now residents of Clay township. The paternal grandfather, George "Ward, settled in this region about 1837 and resided here until his death, which occurred in the spring of 1885. His son George is a farmer by occupation and is a man who possesses many worthy traits of character. He and his wife became the parents of the following children: Wilbert; Albert; Cora, wife of Richard Hicks; Mertie and Grace. Wilbert Ward grew up in the town of Mi.shawaka, attending the high school of that place, until he was thirteen years of age when he removed onto a farm with his parents, and although still attending the Mishawaka School he became accustomed to farm work daring his vacations. At the early age of seventeen years we find him in a school-house as a pedagogue, at Dutch Island School of Penn town- ship, thence Stover School-house of Clay township, which was in his home district, where his brothers and slaters were among his pupils. In the fall of 1880 he ma- triculated at De Pauw University,and the succeeding winter taught a term of school in Portage township, after which he returned to De Pauw University and graduated from that institution in June, 1884. The winter of 188-l:-5 was spent as the prin- cipal of the Clayton High School of Hendricks county, but he spent the following sum- mer reading law in the office of Williamson t*c Daggy, of Greencastle, Ind. The next winter he completed his law course in De Pauw University, but just prior to graduating he went to Anderson, Ind., where he accepted the principalship of the high school, finishing that term and remaining till June, 1888. He immediately located in South Bend, and has built up a professional reputation that places him among the leading members of the St. Josejjh county bar. He is discharging the duties of deputy collector of internal revenue, and at the present time is the nomi- nee on the Republican ticket for the office of State representative. He was married in Anderson, Ind., to Alice Chearhart, by whom he has one child, Wilbert. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and he is one of the board of managers of the St. Joseph County Loan Association and is the efficient attorney for the Workingmen's Loan Association. He has won a wide reputation as an ad- vocate and counselor, and the prospect of future brilliant achievements lies before him in long years of continued usefulness. All that he has attained has been the fruit of self-culture and self development and his remarkable capacity for hard work. His is a fitting career for the emulation of young aspirants for legal honors. Jacob O. Kantz. Mr. Kantz, a resident of Nappanee, Ind., was born Novem- ber 12, 1857, in Snyder county, Penn., and comes of a prominent German family, the Kantz, Kents, Kauts and Kentz in this country having originated from the same German family, Kantz. Our subject was sixth in order of birth of ten children born to Jacob and Elizabeth (Aumiller) Kantz. Jacob Kantz, Sr., was born in Snyder county, Penn., February 14, 1815, and was the son of Philip and Lavina Kantz, and one of five children. His parents died in the Keystone State and three of the chil- dren emigrated toward the setting sun, two settling in Indiana and one in Ohio. Those who came to Indiana settled in Bristol, Elkhart county, one in 1852 and Jacob Kantz, Sr. , in 1866. He had married in his native State Miss Aumiller, a native of Snyder county, Penn. , born in 1825, and one of five children born to the marriage of George Aumiller. Mr. Aumiller was born in Pennsylvania and passed his entire life in that State. His family was of German and Swedish descent. Mrs. Kantz was the only one of her family to settle in the Bristol neighborhood. Mr. Kantz and his wife are members of the Evangelical Church, and he was for many years a member of the Masonic fraternity. He is now a retired farmer and owns a comfortable home near Bristol. In politics he was formerly a Democrat, but he now affiliates with the Prohibition party. He held office and many prominent pub- lic positions in his Eastern home and is highly esteemed wherever he resides. Of his children. Christian N. resides at Bristol and is married; J. Edward, also mar- MEMOIRS OF IXDI-LXA. 325 ried, resides at the same place; Philip, also at Bristol, is a widower; Jacob 0.,the subject of this sketch, resides in Nappanee; Abbie W. is at Bristol, uumarried; George A., married, resides at Bristol; Sarah E., wife of B. H. Bidford, of Elkhart; and Anna, at home. Jacob O. Kantz was a lad of eight years when his parents moved to this county in 1866, and he attended the common school of his district. Soon after this his parents moved to Vandalia, Mich., where he attended the graded school. Later his parents returned to Hoosierdom and again settled at Bristol, where our subject finished his schooling in the graded schools at that place. He fitted himself for teaching and followed this profession in Elkhart county for ten years, five years in the graded schools at Nappanee. For the past two years he has not followed that profession, but has been engaged in the insurance and loan busi- ness. He was very successful as an educator and was well known as one of the best instructors of the county. He has a sister who is now teaching school at Bris- tol. Mr. Kantz was married September 5, 1881, to Miss Flora E. Truex, a native of Elkhart county and daughter of Jesse and Susan Truex, who were among the early settlers of this county. Mr. and Mrs. Truex, now reside in Goshen, but their home was formerly in Union township. Mrs. Kantz was born July 3, 1858, and is one of two children, her brother, Thomas O. Truex now residing in Goshen. She attended the district school in the country, also the normals of Nappanee and Goshen, and became a teacher, following this in the schools of the county for a number of years. Mr. and Mrs. Kantz moved to the farm three and a half miles east of Nappanee and there they made their home for two years. In 1884 they took up their residence in Nappanee and this city has been their home since. Their marriage has been blessed by the birth of three children, a son and two daughters: Thomas E. , born December 28, 1882; Grace, born July 28, 1884, and Pansie B., born February 27, 1887. Mrs. Kantz is a member of the Methodist Church. So- cially Mr. Kantz is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 287, of Nappanee, and has held many offices in the same. Formerly an Independent, he is now a Pro- hibitionist, and is a public-spirited man, assisting so far as able to further all worthy movements. He is much interested in educational work and is a well-informed man, keeping along with the times. Jacob B. Bowers, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of the present sketch is one of the prominent farmers and old-soldier citizens of St. Joseph county. Jacob Bowers, the grandfather of our subject, was of Pennsylvania Dutch stock and served as a soldier in the Revolutionary war. He married and settled in Stark county, Ohio, entering 160 acres of land, twelve miles north of Canton. He was one of the pioneers, settling as early as 1802 when Stark county was yet a wilder- ness. He reared a family of whom the following are remembered: John, Jacob, Frederick, Sallie, Elizabeth and Mary. He died in Stark county and was buried in Uniontown Cemetery. Frederick Bowers, sou of the above and father of our sub- ject, was born in Bedford county, Penn. , went to Stark county with his parents when but eight years of age and received but a limited common-school education. He was reared among the pioneers and married Elizabeth Coxen, and to Mr. and Mrs. Bowers were born five children, as follows: Rachel, Jacob B., William, Henry and Catherine. Rachel died at the age of forty-three years, a married woman, the wife of a soldier, Isaac Shriver, who served three years in the same regiment and company with our subject and died after the war, from the effects of army life. Mr. Bowers had a farm of eighty acres, in Stark county, and died on his farm at the age of eighty-six years. Mrs. Bowers also died on their farm at the age of seventy-six years. He was an invalid the latter portion of his life, but was a man of great integrity of character. Both Mr. and Mrs. Bowers were devout Christians and members of the Reformed Church. Jacob B. , son of the above and our sub- ject, was born on his father's farm in Stark county, Ohio, October 29, 1841. He received but a limited education, as the schools of his day in that locality were not very good, and at the age of twelve years he began to work out from home, so 326 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPIIIGAL contiauing for several years, but from sixteen to twenty years he worked on the home farm. Just before he attained his majority, President Lincoln issued his call for 300,000 men, and our subject enlisted at Uniontown, in Stark county, and was mustered in and enrolled at Massillon, Ohio, August 14, 1862, to serve three years or during the war and was honorably discharged, by reason of the expira- tion of his service, at Murfreesboro, Tenn., June 22, 1865. He was held with his regiment until July 5, when the regiment was paid ofF. On account of meritorious service, he was made a corporal and served from September 18, 1862, in this ca- pacity, acting part of the time as sergeant. His service was in Kentucky, near Covington, and then in Ohio, doing provost duty at Cincinnati during the winter of 1862-3, and then was sent to Nashville, Tenn., where he was made a guard on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. Here he came in frequent contact with some of Generals Forrest's and Wheeler's forces. The regiment had several severe skir- mishes with Generals Forrest, Hood and Wheeler. When Hood made his raid on Nashville the engagement lasted more than a week. The Union troops followed him from Franklin to Nashville and his retreat was one continual fight and the regiment was under severe fire every day. Thirty of the companions of our subject were taken prisoners, from the block houses, while guarding the rail- road. Mr. Bowers was an active and efficient soldier, was neither wounded nor taken prisoner; was in active duty with the regiment except one month while sick in camp; did not go to war for fame, but in duty to our Government call for troops, in defence of our country and its flag. His brother, William, of the same regi- ment, died of typhoid fever in the hospital at Cincinnati, in 1863. After his return home, Mr. Bowers married, in Stark county, Leah, the daughter of David and Nancy (Flory) Hoover, and to Mr. and Mrs. I3owers have been born four children: Joseph B. , Clemma, Carrie E. and Grace. Mr. Bowers lived in Stark county until 1879, engaged in farming and in carpenter work. When he came to Indiana he first bought land in Elkhart county and lived there one year, but in 1882 he came to St. Josejih county and settled in Mishawaka, where he followed the busi- ness of contracting and carpenter work. He lived five years in the town and then bought the present farm in 1887, consisting in all of 130 acres. By industry and good management he has made a good farm here, has put many improvements on the place and has erected a substantial residence, barns and all of the necessary out-buildings for a modern farm. His children have all been well educated, at- tending the schools of the town and district, and Clemma also attended the normal school at Valparaiso. She married Edwin Kreps and they reside in Toledo, Ohio. Carrie and Grace are at home. Joseph B. learned the telegraph business in the Lake Shore office, at Mishawaka; has been operator and agent on the Lake Shore & Western Railroad for two years at Tomahawk Lake, Wis. Mr. Bowers is a member of the G. A. R. at Mishawaka, and both he and wife and all the children are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bowers is an honorable and re- spected citizen, who did not hesitate about his duty when he was called upon to testify as to his loyalty. David Hoover, the father of Mrs. Bowers, was of Penn- sylvania-German stock and was brought by his father, William Hoover, to Stark county, Ohio, when but four years of age. William Hoover was one of the pioneers, settling there about 1811, while the Indians were still living in the vicinity. David Hoover was reared and became acquainted with the hardships of pioneer life, grew up a farmer and married there. He became a well situated man and died on his farm, in 1889, aged eighty-two years. He was the father of seven children: Elias, Moses, Simon, Samuel, Caroline, Leah and Lydia, all born in Stark county. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hoover were members of the Baptist Church and he was an honorable and upright man. The Bowers family on both sides are descended from good old colonial stock, were soldiers in the Revolutionary war and both pioneers and patriots. Grandfather Coxen, on the maternal side of the Bowers family, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and lived to a good age. Mrs. Slhji^ B^LDWIiSI. MEilOIRS OF IXBI.iyA. 329 Cosen lived to the great age of ninety-four years. This is a family that can claim good stock as far back as it can be traced. Waltek a. Funk has applied himself with earnestness and determination to the practice of law and has become recognized as a sound and able lawyer, of unques- tioned integrity and high character. He is now pursuing the lines of his pro- fession in South Bend, and has built up a clientage which is in every way satis- factoiy. He was born in Elkhart county, Ind., December 18, 1857, son of William and Catherine (Myers) Funk, who were born in Northampton county, Penn., and Co- lumbiana county, Ohio, respectively. In 1854 they removed from Wayne county, Ohio, to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled six miles west of Goshen, where the father operated a steam saw-mill which was the first in that section of the country. Mr. Funk now resides in Elkhart, where he is well known and highly respected. Walter A. Funk spent the first seventeen years of his life on a farm, and his initiatory educational training was received in the common country schools, but he was sufficiently intelligent to make the most of his opportunities, and at an early age we find him teaching a country school, attending school at Goshen and the Northern Indiana Normal School. He graduated in the scientific course of the latter institu- tion in 1881, after which he accepted a position as principal of the school of Ben- ton for one year, after which he served as principal of the Bristol school a like length of time. In 1884 he entered the office of A. Anderson as a law student, and in 1885 graduated from the law department of the Michigan University of Ann Arbor, and the following year, for the practice of his profession, located in South Bend, where he has built up a large and satisfactory patronage. He practices in all the courts aud is remarkably well adapted for his chosen profession, for he is versatile, quick to grasp at ideas and thoroughly understands the intricacies and most delicate points of the law, and has the power to present his ideas in a forcible, concise and clear manner, that is very convincing to judge and jury. He was deputy prosecuting attornev of the county for two years, and at the present time is the attorne}' for several important corporations. He has taken an active interest in politics and was the Republican candidate for State senator in 1892. He was married April 21, 1892, to Miss Mayme E., daughter of Mrs. Mary Harris, of South Bend, and lives at 705 Colfax avenue. George S. Walters has been successful from a pecuniary standpoint in the con- duct of his affairs, and is a liberal, generous and high-minded gentleman, whose cor- rect mode of living has gathered about him a large circle of friends and well-wish- ers. He was born at Hesse Cassel, Germany, April 14, 1844, the fourth child born to Justin and Elizabeth Walters, who brought him to America when he was about three years old, the voyage thither occupying about six weeks. They landed at Bal- timore, but at once moved to Ohio, and in 1853 came to Indiana, settling first in Harrison township and sis years later in Union township. In 1859 they took up their residence on the farm on which the mother is still living with her daughter Lydia. At that time it was a typical pioneer farm of Indiana, for it was heavily wooded, and little or no improvements had been made. They at once set to work to clear it, and as their means at that time amounted to the sum of S80 they found it necessary to work early and late it order to keep the wolf from the door and to pro- vide themselves with the common necessaries of life. The father was a weaver by trade, and for a number of years wove all the cloth which covered his family. Their labors were in time rewarded and they eventually became possessed of a good prop- erty. The father paid the last debt of nature about 1869, his death occurring in the month of March, at which time, and for many years prior, he was a worthy member of the Mennonite Church. George S. Walters attended the schools of Elkhart county, mostly in Union township, and in the neighborhood where he now lives the prin- cipal part of his life has been spent. At the age of twenty-two years he took unto himself a wife in the person of Miss Susan Ernest, daughter of George W. and Eachel (Nagle) Ernest, both of whom were born in Pennsylvania, the father being 330 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL now a resident of Nappanee. Mrs. Walters was the oldest of their three children, and was born in Cumberland county, Penn., on August 27, 1843. She was five or six years of age upon coming to this county, and upon her father's farm in Union township she attained womanhood, obtaining a good education in the district schools near her nome. She married Mr. Walters at the age of twenty-one years, and with him settled on the old Walters homestead, where they resided two years, then rented a farm near Ulry school-house, and after making one more change to the Fritz farm, on which he remained for two years, bought the place on which he now resides, which consisted of eighty acres, and was only improved by a log house, stable, and twenty-five acres of cleared land. He now has a farm that is as well improved as any in the county, and has so conducted his business that he has been able to improve it with a handsome house and also in numerous other ways. He has a fine barn capable of holding a large amount of hay and stock, and is engaged in general farming and stockraising and in the winter devotes his attention to dealing in lum- ber. He has prospered in all his business undertakings, and this is, no doubt, owing to the fact that every detail of his work has been carefully looked after, and that he is energetic and honest. Like all public-spirited and intelligent gentlemen he isquite popular in the Republican party. His family consists of nine children: Frank, born August 30, 1866, is married to Sarah J. Hartman, daughter of Tobias Hartman, of Nappanee, and they have a little son. Bay; Frank Walters lives in Nappanee and is a clerk in Hartman' s store; the next child of Mr. Walters is Alice E. who was born February 1, 1869, has taught eight terms of school in Elkhart county, and is now taking a teacher's course at Valparaiso, Ind. ; Ida was Ijorn May 22, 1870, is quite a skilled musician, and is at home with her parents; Jesse, who was born Decem- ber 29, 1872, assists his father on the farm, and has also manifested a taste for music; Milo, born January 19, 1874; Ira, born April 7, 1878; Oscar, born June 29, 1881; Bertie, born August 26, , and Vernon, born October 3, 1887. Two chil- dren died in infancy. Mr. Walters has endeavored to give his children good advan- tages, and as a result he has a bright and intelligent family, who give every promise of becoming an honor to their parents. During the Civil war between the North and South Mr. Walters was a soldier in the Union army, serving in Company I, Indiana Volunteers, but was taken sick with measles and returned home. Mrs. Wal- ters' parents were native Germans, and her mother's maiden name was Dedrick. They were the parents of three daughters. Jacob Ward, Mishawaka, Ind. Among the substantial farmers and soldier- citizens of St. Joseph county our present subject holds a prominent position. George Ward, father of our subject, was of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock, a native of Maryland, who went to Ohio when a young man and married in Montgomery county, of that State, Catherine Wagner, daughter of Jacob Wagner, a farmer of Montgomery county. To Mr. and Mrs. Ward have been born nine children: Chris- topher, Daniel, Elizabeth, Simeon, Jacob, Nancy, George, John, who died at the age of eighteen years, and Andrew. Mr. Ward came to St. Joseph county, Ind., between 1839-41 and settled between Mishawaka and South Bend, north of the river. He lived here two years and then settled on the farm now owned by Paul Judy, in Clay township, living here ten years, and partially clearing it up. He then settled one and a half miles northeast, where he bought 110 acres in the woods, cleared it and made here another good farm, added improvements, made everything first class, and this farm is now owned by Simon and Jacob Ward. His wife died many years before him and Mr. Ward spent his last days among his children, living to be eighty- seven years old and dying in 1885 at the residence of his grandson, Daniel Ward. Mr. Ward was an old farmer of Clay township and when he settled there it was a wilderness where wolves, deer and Indians roamed at will. Mr. Ward was a very industrious man and endured all the vicissitudes of pioneer life. He and wife were members of the Lutheran Church, and he was an honest, upright and peaceable man who never had a lawsuit and was respected by all. Jacob Ward, his son and our MEMOIRS OF IXDIAS^A. 331 snbject, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, April 14, 1833, and thinks he was eight years old when he came with his parents to St. Joseph county, Ind. The journey was made with a j'oke of white cattle aod one horse, hitched to an old-fashioned linchpin wagon. Jacob was brought up among the pioneers and went to school in the old log school-house about three terms, which educational advantages were distributed between the ages of nine and fourteen years. He early began to assist in the clearing of the land, packing brush, etc. , and learned the life of a farmer by prac- tical experience and also the trade of cooper. He married, March 11, 1851, at the age of nineteen years, Catherine Replogle, born December 28, 1832, in Goshen, Ind., daughter of Daniel and Elizabeth (Baker) Replogle. Daniel Replogle was of sterling Pennsylvania Dutch stock and one of the old pioneer settlers of Elkhart county and was the father of eight children: Mary, Warren. Catherine, Levina, George, Noah, Warren and Martha. Mr. Replogle lived to the age of seventy-eight years and died at the farm at Crum's Point, Md. Both himself and wife were mem- bers of the United Brethren Church, and he was an honorable, hard-working man. He had two sons in the Civil war: Noah and William; the former served three years in an Indiana regiment and William was killed, after two years' service in an Indiana regiment, in battle on the same day upon which President Lincoln was shot. After marriage Mr. Ward settled in Mishawaka and followed coopering until he enlisted, at which time he was managing a business, having eight men in his employ. In May, 18 — , he, with John Quigg, of Mishawaka, entered Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served five months, his principal service being guarding the railroad through the Cumberland Mountains. Mr. Ward was injured by the exposure and was taken sick with pneumonia, was confined to the hospital for a week and has since then been not quite well. He served as nurse in the general hospital in Nashville for about one month, but was honorably discharged with his regiment at Indianapolis and returned to Mishawaka. He then resumed his business of coopering, employing men, but was not able to work himself. In 1870 he bought sixty acres of his present farm and by thrift and economy has added to this until he now owns 130 acres of good land with good improvements. To Mr. and Mrs. Ward have been born five children: Jane, Eliza- beth, Daniel, Adelbert and Minnie. Mrs. Ward is a member of the Christian Church of Mishawaka. Politically Mr. Ward is a stanch Republican. He is a public-spirited man, in favor of good schools, is now a member of the school board and has given his childi-eu all a good education. Jane married James Van Reper. a farmer of Penn township, and has three children. She was formerly married to John Keisler, deceased, and they have one child. More. Elizabeth married Frank Fiddler, a tinner, of Mishawaka, and has three children; Daniel married Sarah Miller, who is a farmer, living one mile from the old homestead and they have five children; Albert married Minnie Maynard at Toledo, Ohio, and Minnie married William Martin, a farmer on the old homestead, and has one child. Mr. Ward has always stood high as a respected and honored citizen of Penn township, and has seen the county grow from a wilderness to its present flourishing condition. He was always an industrious man, but since the war has been disabled. The family descends from good, old pioneer stock on both sides and may well take an honest pride in the sterling ancestry from which they spring. Very Rev. Edward Sorin, founder of the University of Notre Dame, and one of the most noted of Indiana divines, was born in Ahuille, near Laval, France, in the year ISl-t. His extended learning and deep piety always attracted to him the different elements of society on which he invariably left a strong impress for good. When twenty-six years old he attached himself to the congregation of the Holy Cross, a society then recently formed at Mans for the education of youth and the preaching of missions to the people. To both these labors Father Sorin devoted his life. At the solicitation of the bishop of Vincennes in 18-11, in company with six companions, he came to America for the purpose of establishing a branch society. 332 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL The vear following the bishop of Vincennes gave them a tract of wild land on the banks of the St. Joseph Kiver on condition that a college be built there. This was originally purchased in 1830 from the Government by Father Badin, the first Cath- olic priest ordained in the United States. The new owners changed the name from St. Mary's to Notre Dame du Lac, since abbreviated to Notre Dame. The trials and adversities under which Father Sorin and his associates labored were incredible. On their wild tract of laud they were first only able to build a small house. Gradu- ually clearings were made, land imjaroved, buildings were erected, and God, in the fullness of His heart, showered blessings upon their efforts. Father Sorin was the first president, and to his executive ability and keen foresight was due the success of Notre Dame. From the first he manifested a deep love .for his adopted country, notwithstanding his French birth, and was called American even by the Pope, who readily gave the apostolic sanction to his election as superior general of a chapter of a religious order which he was instrumental in establishing in this country in 1872. The memory of Father Sorin will never fade, so long as life lasts, from the hearts of thousands of youths whose education he has directed and to whose spiritual welfare he so faithfully administered. He is yet living, and although advanced in years is bright and yet capable of much good. David Rohker Leepee. Samuel Deeper, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a native of Washington county, Penn. ; but in early life removed with his par- ents to Starke county, Ohio. While yet a lad, he found his way to Montgomery county, in the same State, where in 1828 he was married to Elizabeth Rohrer. The name Deeper is supposed to be Irish; such is the family tradition, and this is par- tially substantiated by the fact that the name is found in early Dublin records. The present branch of the family was intermarried with the name Kent, thus showing an admixture of English blood. The Rohrers were Penusylvanians of German extrac- tion. One of the ancestors, Schauers, on the maternal side, came to America during the Revolution. It is not known when the others in the ancestral lines crossed the ocean, but it must have been at a very early date. The family record is very meager and obscure beyond the third generation from the present subject. The families on both sides were Protestant as far back as the record is known. Samuel Deeper, in company with his father-in-law, Joseph Rohrer, who was quite a conspicuous figure in the early history of this county, first visited the St. Joseph Valley in August, 1829. He was so impressed with the beauty and fertility of the country that early in the following year he removed hither with his family from Montgomery county, Ohio, arriving early in March. Gen. Wayne had built a road part of the distance, but the balance of the way was marked only by Indian trails, there being no bridges or ferry-boats on any of the streams. The hardships and perils encountered on the route furnished subjects which he was prone often to recount in after life. Mr. Deeper first pitched his tent on the left bank of the McCartney Creek, which runs across the westerly quarter of the present city of South Bend. The site was a few rods north of where the Michigan road now crosses that stream. Then a winding Indian trail crossing the creek at this point was the only thoroughfare. It was at that time much trodden by the savage, in all his native paraphernalia of the war- path and the chase. The first habitation was improvised by stretching the wagon- cover across a pole supported by two forks stuck in the ground. This sheltering place was supplanted, as soon as quick hands and an eager heart could accomplish it, by a rude round-log cabin duly chinked and daubed. When snugly ensconsed in this structure, upon the puncheon floor, by the spacious log fire in the chimney, he was wont to say that this was the happiest moment of his life. His cherished dream was now realized — he possessed a home, a castle of his own. In this cabin D. R. Deeper first saw the light, January 12, 1832. Before the record of his mem- ory began, his parents removed upon an unbroken thickwoods tract near the Sump- tion Prairie road, about three miles from the few houses skirting the river and known as South Bend. It was a hard locality in which to dig out a living, but the ilEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 333 indomitable energy and business sagacity of the father were equal to the task. He had little schooling or chance for schooling during his boyhood, and this fact made him the more anxious that his children should have better advantages in this respect than he had enjoyed. One of the first objects of his solicitude was to awaken among his neighbors an interest in education. The abandoned cabins of the neighborhood were utilized for school purposes. Writing desks in the shape of boards supported by pins in the walls, and backless benches constituted the furni- ture. Usually oiled paper had to do duty for windows. The first regular school - house of the neighborhood was built on his farm by his neighbors and himself. The structure was somewhat pretentious, being made of logs faced inside and out- side. On this farm the mother died in 1842, two children having died shortly be- fore and and another soon followed her. A daughter, Mary Greene, and David R. are the only surviving children. The father died in 1886, while on the train return- ing home from California. On this farm, the subject of whom we are now specially treating resided until he was seventeen years old, meantime enjoying such rude social and educational advantages as the neighborhood afforded, supplemented by several terms of higher schooling under the tutorship of Prof. Wright and Prof. Cogswell, in South Bend. He was attending school at the old seminary building (which in due course of the march of improvement gave way to our present elegant and commodious high school building) when the news of the discovery of gold in California set the civilized world aflame with excitement. The school boy took the fever so violently that he gave his father no peace till he was fitted out for the pilgrimage to the scene of the marvelous discoveries. In compauy with several of his neighbor boys, with two ox teams and an ample supply of money and neces- saries, he set his face thither from South Bend, February 22, 1849, the anniversary of the birth of our immortal George. Mr. Leeper furnishes the foUowinguarrativeof the journey: Thecountry was still very new. Often there were intervals of ten to twenty miles between settlers. Accom- modations for both man and beast were therefore scarce and hard to get. The roads were unimproved, and the streams scarcely anywhere bridged. To add to our discomforts and inconveniences there had been a " February thaw," general break-up of winter, so that the streams were all booming, and the roads, especially on the mushy prairies, were about as wretched as they well could be. At La Salle, 111., we were detained about a week by high water. Half of the town of Peru, a few miles below, was submerged by the floods of the Illinois. When, finally, we were enabled to cross (the Big Vermillion) it was by swimming our oxen, dragging our wagons through the aqueduct of the canal, and carrying their contents across on the heel- path. At Burlington, Iowa, we ferried the Mississippi, a distance of seven miles, on a rickety horse-ferry boat, the river being so far out of its banks that this was the nearest distance between the accessible landings on the opposite side. St. Joseph, Mo., was our objective point on the frontier. Here we were to launch directly into the land of the savage, a land then without autonomy and without a name. With the exception of a few houses at a mission not far from the Missouri River and a small group of mud huts at Fort Kearney and at Fort Laramie, we did not see a single habitation of the white man from the time we crossed the Missouri till we reached the Sacramento Valley, a distance by the route we took of more than two thousand miles. We found this frontier metropolis thronged with adventurers like ourselves, who had flocked thither to fit out for the journey across the plains. INIany had gone out and many were still coming in. The long scow or flat-boat used for a ferry boat, was crowded to its iitmost day and night in crossing the eager emi- grants over the booming " big muddy." Our party pushed out upon the plains on the 16th day of May. We were henceforward to depend entirely upon the natural grasses for feed for our teams. Our route from Fort Kearney lay along the Platte River; thence along the north fork and the Sweetwater to the south pass. Here the road branched; one branch 334 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL leading via Salt Lake, and the other known as Sublette's cutoff, leading via Bear Eiver Valley. We took the latter. At the point where the Bear River makes a sharp deflection to the southward to lose itself in the great Salt Lake, not far from where the present city of Ogden stands, a choice of two routes was again offered. "We could proceed to Old Fort Hall on the Snake River, where the emigrant to Oregon and the emigrant to California must finally part company, or we might take a new route to the left called the Headpath's cut-off. The latter was chosen. In the course of two or three hundred miles westward, near the so-called City of Rocks, the three roads united. Thence to the Humboldt Meadows there was but one road. Here, instead of going via the Humboldt link, we took the Lassen or Greenhorn's cut-off. This led northward, crossing the great Sierra Nevada Range near the Oregon line, and then turning sharply southwesterly entered the Sacramento Valley near the present village of Vina. We thus unwittingly added several weeks to our journey. We reached this destination, practically our journey's end, on the 11th day of October, it having been seven months and nineteen days since we set out from home. We were now encamped on the banks of the Sacramento, of whose "glittering sands" we had sung upon leaving home. We were not long in hastening down to gaze upon its crystalline, magic waters. It was a moment of strange, deep, soul- stirring emotions. Was this indeed our journey's end? this the goal which had been the object of so many days, weeks, months of toil, privation, peril ? Had some Pythagoriau transmigration of soul overcome us ? we could scarcely have felt less strange, fanciful, etherial. The journey had been truly an eventful period in life's brief span; an episode of quaint, varied, impressive scenes, incidents and experi- ences, which in the ordinary dull, plodding round of life must ever remain stamped in vivid outline on memory's tablet. Except at a few points we did not see many Indians; and aside from some petty pilferings they gave us little trouble except at our first camp after crossing the Sierra Nevadas, when they stole and butchered six of our best oxen, happening to take one ox from each of the six teams belonging to our traveling party. With this exception we lost not a hoof on the route from any cause. The last day, however, was a most trying one upon the faithful animals. The few last days' travel before reaching the valley were decidedly the worst of the journey as to road and feed. The beasts bore up bravely till we reached the valley. Eight to ten miles were yet to make to camp. The strain was too great. One after another of the oxen dropped in the yoke. We could but let them lie where they fell and reconstruct our teams as best we could, thus worrying our way to camp. We were delighted next morning on observing our abandoned cattle grazing with the others, the coolness of the night having so refreshed them as to enable them to follow upon our trail. The story of my sojourn in California will be briefly told. We first went to Redding' s Diggings, at the head of the Sacramento Valley. The place did not please us. We started from there to Sacramento City, but the rainy season setting in and certain mishaps overtaking us, we became separated before reaching our destination. I never met my companions afterward. When I reached Sacramento City I was ill, penniless, and alone, having trudged through the rain and slush afoot thirty- six hours without food, and the clothes on my back and a pair of Mackinaw blankets being the sum total of my worldly possessions. My first work in the city was the making of several coffins from rough boards to receive the remains of some dead miners, who in their red shirts and blue overalls were laid out on boards in the rain in the rear of a hotel. From Sacramento I wandered up to near Coloma, where Marshall made the discovery of gold. I remained there and at Hangtown till the next fall, when I went north to the Trinity. I mined on this river and at Weaver- ville till the succeeding fall. While on the Trinity I was one of a small party that went afoot prospecting, on what has since become known as the Hay Fork. We were the first white men that ever visited the section, and the Diggers gave us a very MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 335 warm greeting. I had an arrow sent through my leg, and another of the party an arrow into his foot. His was much the severer wound. He never entirely recov- ered from it, and a few years later the savages completed their work upon him by taking his life. That we were not all massacred was not from any lack of will on the part of the redskins. That fall I joined a party bound to Humboldt Bay with a view to enlist in the State militia, a call having been made for a force to suppress Indian depredations. The colonel was engaged in a contest for the Senate, his competitor being Gen. J. W. Denver, and was so engrossed in the canvass that he did not appear to muster us into the service. Humboldt Bay is the chief lumbering section of California. It is the central home of the Big Redwoods. The lumbering interest had just begun to be developed. I was among the tirst to engage in the logging business then, and I continued in this occupation till the 1st of May, 1854, when I sailed on the schooner "Sierra Nevada" for San Francisco. From the latter port on the 16th of the same month, I took the steamer "Brother Jonathan" for San Juan del Sud, thence crossing through Nicaragau via the great lake of that name and the San Juan River to Grey- town, where I took the steamer "Star of the West" for New York. The "Brother Jona- than " was afterward lost on the Oregon coast with all on board, and the " Star of the West" was the vessel fired upon by the rebels when she was sent by the Government to relieve Fort Sumter. After returning home, Mr. Leeper attended school several terms at the Misha- waka Institute, of which Prof. H. Fitzroy Bellows was principal. This schooling, with what he had previously acquired, gave him a pretty fair education in the ele- mentary English branches. His political antecedents were Whig, and when the Republican party was organized he became an ardent follower in its ranks. His zeal found frequent vent through the columns of the newspapers, his vanity in see- ing himself iu print being tirst gratified by a letter of his being published in the Indianapolis Journal in 1855. The appearance of that article in print served to render him the inveterate friend of the editorial craft ever since. His most ambitious effort with the pen is entitled "The American Idea," a production of about one hundred and twenty-five pages octavo. Some of his friends, for whose judgment he has much respect, and who have kindly examined the MS., have advised him to publish the work, and G. P. Putnam's Sons have ofFered to produce it in their series of " Questions of the Day;" but thus far the MS. has lain on the musty shelf, a fate which has betided myriads of performances much more worthy of the printer's art. In 1861 Mr. Leeper again set his face westward, this time going to Montana Territory, taking two ox teams laden with goods. He remained in the Territory till August, 1868, when he returned, coming by steamer down the Missouri River from Fort Benton to Sioux City. On this trip, when passing through the " Bad Lands," Mr. Leeper had the satisfaction of witnessing for the first time the Imffalo in his glory, and also the mortification of seeing a sample of the wanton vandalism which have rendered such grand spectacles things of the by gone forever. The boat was several days steaming through their midst, and their numbers seemed to be millions. While in Montana he was engaged in mining and freighting, making his headquar- ters chietiy at Virginia City and Helena. At Helena, in 1867, he was nominated as a candidate for member of the Assembly from Lewis and Clark counties. It was a bad year for Republican candidates, there being scarcely one of that ilk elected in the Territory. Though defeated, Mr. Leeper had the satisfaction of knowing that among the delegation of four on his ticket for that office in the county his name was in the lead on the tally sheets. Ardent a Republican as Mr. Leeper had been, he left the party in 1872, not solely because Horace Greeley then broke with the party, but because of the influences which moved so many to abandon the Republican banner at about that time. He was that year nominated by the Liberals and Demoerats by acclamation as a candi- 386 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL date for the Legislature, but declined. In 187-4 he was renominated by the same coalition for the same office, accepted, and was elected. The platform on which he was nominated was independent; but having been supported by the Democrats and been opposed by the regular Republican nominee, he from a proper respect for his obligations was impelled to vote with the Democrats when the choice was squarelj' made as to doing that or voting with the Republicans. He supported Joseph E. McDonald for the United States Senate. In 1876 he was re-elected to the same position; served on the committee of ways and means, and on several important special committees. In 1878 he was elected to the Senate for the counties of St. Joseph and Starke by nearly eight hundred majority. The differences between the Liberals and Democrats, whatever they had been, had now disappeared, and Mr. Leeper was nominated and elected as a Democrat. During his term as senator he served on the committees on finance, on railroads, on education, on public buildings, on banks, on several committees of conference on appropriation bills, and on other important special committees. He fathered the bill for the present game law of the State, and engineered its passage through both houses. He is proud of the support he gave to the bill for the erection of the new State house, and the bill for the erec- tion of additional accommodations for the insane of the State; both of which meas- ures were so much needed, but which from senseless wrangling had been so long neglected. In 1882 Mr. Leeper was strongly urged from various parts of the district to allow the use of his name as candidate for Congress, and was also urged by Joseph E. McDonald, then chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee, as well as by many political friends at home, to stand again for the Senate. He declined these proffered honors to accept the nomination for auditor of St. Joseph county. A rather severe financial reverse, because of a defaulting city treasurer, was his chief reason for taking this course. Mainly because of alleged bulldozing in South Bend, the entire Democratic ticket in the county was defeated. Mr. Leeper then retired from the political arena, amusing himself afterward by an occasional trip to the Pacific coast and elsewhere, and by keeping up his weak- ness for boring ye editors. This spring (1892) the Democrats of the city of South Bend seemed to be in dire straits for a candidate for mayor; it was insisted that Mr. Leeper' s was the only name at all available. He was wholly without experience in municipal affairs, and felt a pronounced repugnance toward experimenting in that direction. But influences were brought to bear which he could not well ignore, and late in tihe afternoon of the convention he gave his consent to run the political gauntlet once more. The most of the ticket on which his name appeared was defeated. He is now mayor by grace of a small margin. But in all of his experi- ence as a candidate — and not all of them are here mentioned — be has this to boast of: he was in everj' case nominated by acclamation, and in every case received a greater vote than his party's strength. One quite important feature Mr. Leeper is very reluctant to mention — he never was married. Solomon Berlin (deceased). The sketch here given is that of one of the early pioneers of Locke township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and is a tribute paid to his many virtues and to the lessons which as a father he impressed upou the minds of his children by the example of a noble and honorable life, which, although it was fraught with hard labor and patient industry, was a model to his heirs of the ster- ling qualities that characterize a man who lived nearer to nature in its purity than to the artifices of society. Mr. Berlin was a native Ohioan, Ijorn in Mahoning county. May 26, 1827, and was a son of John and Susan (Huffman) Berlin, the former being a native of the Key.stone State and a son of German parents. Solomon Berlin was the eldest of ten children who were named as follows: Solomon, Josiah, Jacob, Milton, Catherine, Lydia, Mary, Lizzie, Lavina and Sarah. Catherine mar- ried Fred Richmond of Nappanee. Lydia married Henry Woodruff, of Lacygne, MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 337 Kan. Mary married L. B. Winder, of Nappanee. Lizzie married S. D. Coppes, of Nappanee. Sarah married George Green, of Ravenna, Ohio. Lavina married Eli Yarian, of Locke township. Josiah married Julia Slabaugh and lived in Elkhart county, died in 1869. Jacob entered the war in September of 1861, and was killed at the battle of Shiloh on the morning of the second day's tight; he was a good and brave soldier of the Ninth Indiana Volunteers; the Nappanee G. A. R. Post bears the name of Berlin, to his memory. Milton died while young. Solomon passed his boyhood and youth in his native State and was there married in 1852 to Miss Fianna Slabaugh, a native of Lancaster county, Penn. , born in 1824. Almost immediately after marriage this young couple emigi'ated to Elkhart county, Ind., settled on a farm Mr. Berlin had purchased in Locke township, Section 13, and this is still owned by his children. Here they experienced all the trials and privations usual to pioneer settlers, but they surmounted all difficulties and became prominent, sub- stantial citizens. The farm on which Mr. Berlin settled was part of an Indian reserve and in 1878 there was considerable litigation brought on by some sharpers and Western Indians which cost the owners of Section 13 considerable money to prove their claim. Solomon devoted his attention to clearing his farm and rear- ing his family. Soon after settling he bought an interest in a saw-mill with his brother Josiah. He was a prominent citizen during the war and held important offices of trust. In politics he was a strong Republican and a man ever deeply in- terested in political matters, and received nominations by his party, but was never elected, owing to the strong Democratic majority, although at one time there was a tie vote for trustee. He was a worthy member of the United Brethren Church, and for miiny years was a member of the Masonic fraternity and Blue Lodge of Wakarusa. Mr. Berlin possessed many excellent traits of character and was progressive and enterprising. He had a brick kiln on his place and manufactured the tirst brick in this part of the country. This was in 1854. He and Amos Slabaugh walked from Portage county, Ohio, in 1851 to this county and selected the land on which he located. Mrs. Berlin was but a child when her parents, Christian and Nancy (Rliodes) Slabaugh (see sketch of Slabaugh family) emigrated to Portage county, Ohio, and there she was reared and married. She was a member of the Lutheran Church, but was a regular attendant at the United Brethren Church. She was a kind mother and a lady much esteemed by all acquainted with her. She died June 17, 1882, when in her fifty-ninth year. These children were born to this honored and much esteemed couple: Helena A., died when four years of age; Francis E. ; Warren E. ; and Ellen Irene, died in 1871. Solomon Berlin and wife were among the first settlers of Locke township and from the time of settle- ment were identified with the early history of the same. For many years the Locke postoftice was located at Mr. Berlin's home and he was appointed postmaster under Abraham Lincoln. He received his final summons on September 22, 1872. His son. Francis E. Berlin, was born in Locke township, on his father's farm. May 15, 1858, and like most of the boys of that day, he attended school during the winter and was busy on the farm during the summer months. After the death of his father he took charge of the farm and with the assistance of his brother Warren, carried it on successfully. He married Miss Leah M. Myers April 9, 1887, who was born in Locke township, November 23, 1868, and who was the daughter of Jacob D. and Catherine ( Wisler) Myers (see sketch of Myers family). One child, Ray R. , born January 27, 1890, has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Berlin. Mr. Berlin is one of the public-spirited young men of the county and in politics he is a stanch Republican. He has held important offices of trust in the township and is at present township trustee. Since the death of their father, Francis and his brother Warren have pur- chased 100 acres and together own 206 acres. This farm is one of the best im- proved in the section and is nicely located. These gentlemen are doing a general line of farming and stock-raising and are wide awake and progressive. Warren E., the youngest son born to the marriage of Solomon Berlin, first saw the light of day 8S8 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL on his father's farm in Locke township, August 5, 1862. When old enough he at- tended the district school and continued in the same until nineteen years of age, when he entered the normal school at Nappanee and Valparaiso, and fitted himself for a teacher. He became one of the prominent teachers of Elkhart county and taught eleven terms of school. In politics he affiliates with the Republican party. In the year 1886 Mr. Berlin married Miss Angeline Eoose, a native of Elkhart county, Ind. , born November 19, 1868, and the eldest of seven children born to Silas and Harriet (Flickinger) Roose, who are now residents of Wakarusa, this county. Their children were named as follows: Angeline, Amanda, Mary, Sevilla, Jessie, William and Nellie. Mrs. Berlin was well educated and became a teacher, following this until her marriage. She is now the mother of two children: Bertha C, born December 9, 1887 and Ethel A., born May 2, 1872. Mr. and Mrs. Berlin are prominent young people of the township and are well liked by all acquainted with them. Jacob D. Myers, one of the most prominent farmers of Locke township, Elkhart Co., Ind., was born in the Buckeye State, Columbiana county, and his natal day was April 12, 1835. He was fourth in order of birth of eight children reared by John and Sarah (Longnecker) Myers. John Myers was born in Adams county, Penn., in 1806 and the son of Henry and Mary (Knupp) Myers, both natives of the Keystone State. The great grandfather, also Henry Myers, came from Switzerland to America at a period antedating the Revolution and probably settled in Adams county, Penn. Henry Myers, Jr., married and reared a large family of children, viz.: John, Jacob, Henry, Samuel, Noah, Joseph, Susan and Mary. All these chil- dren reached mature years, married and reared families. About 1806 Henry Myers, Jr., and family moved to Columbiana county. Ohio, and settled on a farm in Beaver township. There he and his worthy wife passed the remainer of their days, both living to be quite aged people. They were members of the German Baptist Church and honorable, upright citizens. They worked hard, were industrious and frugal, and accumulated a comfortable property. John, their eldest child, and father of our subject, was but an infant when his parents moved to Ohio, and he was reared in the woods of Columbiana count}^ He attended the subscription schools of his day and was reared to farm life. After growing up he returned to Adams county, Penn., and learned the tanner's trade, which he followed for a number of years. He was well known as John Myers, tanner. He was married in Columbiana county, Ohio, to Miss Sarah Longnecker, and subsequently settled on a farm in Beaver township, and in connection with agricultural pursuits was also engaged as a tanner. He became a successful farmer and a wealthy man. In politics he was formerly a Whig, but later espoused the principles of the Republican party. He was interested in all affairs of moment and was a well-posted man. The German Baptist Church found in him a lib- eral and worthy member, and one who took a deep interest in its progress. He died in 185-1 and was one of the most prominent citizens of that county. Mrs. Myers was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, and was a daughter of Daniel Longnecker, one of the early pioneers of that county. Mr. Longnecker was a nativeof Pennsylvania. He reared a large family of children, most of whom are scattered, and of whom Mrs. Myers was one of the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Myers became the parents of nine children: Lydia, born May 28, 1825, died when about three years old; Mary A., born March 1, 1827, became the wife of John M. Roose, and died in 1880; Hannah, born Febru- ary 9, 1829, died when nine years of age; Sarah, l)oru November 1, 1830, is now residing in Ohio and is the wife of Simon Summers; Rachel, born January 16, 1833, became the wife of Michael Roose and is now residing in Columbiana county; Jacob (subject); Elizabeth, born April 16, 1840, died when thirteen years of age; and John, born July 9, 1844, is residing in Ohio, and is a prominent lawyer. He is married. Mrs. Myers was a member of the German Baptist Church and a lady possessing many excellent qualities. She died in the Buckeye State in 1886. Jacob D. Myers divided his time in youth in assisting his father on the farm and in MEMOIUS OF INDIANA. 839 attending the district school. As most of his time, however, was spent on the farm his scholastic training was not as thorough as it might have been. After the death of his father, in 1845, he started out to light life's battles for himself and was en- gaged in farming on shares for some time. In 1858 he married Miss Catherine Wisler, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, born June 8, 1840, and the daughter of Anthony and Magdaline (Miller) Wisler. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler were members of the Mennonite Church and the former was a wealthy farmer and one of the early pioneers of Columbiana county. Anthony Wisler was born in Berks county, Penn., April 9, 1806, but moved from that State to Ohio and there his death occurred on September 11, 1887. To his marriage were born nine children, four of whom are living: Susan, Lizzie, one dieduunamed, Jonas, Daniel, Catherine, Leah, Sarah and Anthony. The four living are: Jonas, in Columbiana county, Ohio; Anthony, in Ohio; Leah in Ohio, and Catherine (Mrs. Myers), in Indiana. Mrs. Wisler was born in that county, September 2, 1809, and was the daughter of Tobias Miller. She died October 31, 1871, in her native State. After his marriage our subject followed farming in Ohio, until 1863, when in the fall of that year he came to Elkhart county. He bought a farm of eighty acres, built a house on it, and began clearing his farm. He has been unusually successful in his chosen calling and has added to the original tract until he is now the owner of 120 acres, all in one tract. He and his estimable wife experienced the trials and tribulations of pioneer life, but they worked their way to the front in spite of many drawbacks, and are classed among the substantial citizens of the township. In politics Mr. Myers supports the Republican party and has held office in this township. He is deeply interested in school and church work as well as all other enterprises to benefit the county. His successinlife is owing to hard work and good management on the farm in raising stock and grain. He annually raises many cattle and his fine farm shows that much care has been bestowed upon it. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Myers: Isaac, born January 1, 1860, and now a farmer of Olive township, this county, married Miss Anna Plecher, daughter of Henry Fletcher, a prominent farmer of Harrison township. They have had two children: Harvey, born May 31, 1884, and Koscoe, born April, 1887. Isaac Myers is a well-to-do farmer, a public-spirited young man, and a Republican in politics. The second child born to Mr. Jacob D. Myers, Leah, first saw the light of day November 23, 1868. She is the wife of Francis Berlin and the mother of one child, Roy B., whose birth occurred February 27, 1889. Mks. Sophia Kdntsman, Mishawaka, lud. The subject of this sketch is the widow of Wolfgang Kuntsman, who was born in Byron, Germany, and was the son of John and Catherine Kuntsman. By occupation, John Kuntsman was a farmer and cooper, and they were the parents of Barbara, Christopher, now deceased; John, now de- ceased; Wolfang. now deceased; Ferdinand, living; Catherine, now deceased, and Andrew and Susan, living. John Kuntsman came to America with his family and died in St. Joseph county at the residence of his son Christopher at the age of over sixty years. He was a hard working, industrious man and a member of the Lutheran Church. Wolfgang Kuntsman was born January 7, 1828 at Byrm, Germany, re- ceived a common-school education, was a machinist and locksmith by trade, and came to America in 1854, when he was twenty-six years old. His father, mother and all his children except Christopher and Barbara came at the same time. Barbara had come two years before and had settled in St. Joseph county, six miles south of South Bend. Wolfgang worked for a time in South Bend, Ijut came to Mishawaka the same year and worked at his trade of machinist for fifteen years. He married, September 9, 1856, Sophia Shafer, who was born June 14, 1854, daughter of Con- rad and Sophia (Schrader) Shafer. Both Mr. and Mrs. Shafer were born in Prussia, at Sarenbridge. He was a blacksmith by trade and a farmer of twenty-five acres. Coming to America in 1846, he settled in Union township, St. Joseph county, on a farm of eighty acres and by thrift and energy he added to it until he owned over three hundred acres, becoming very comfortable in his worldly circumstances, leav- 840 PICTORIAL AND BIOGltAPllICAL ing his children 83,500 each at his death. Both Mr. and Mrs. Shafer were members of the Lutheran Church, and he had always been an industrious and hard-working- man, who ever did his duty in all the relations of life. He was the father of seven chil- dren who grew to maturity, as follows: Conrad, Sophia, Philip, George, Elizabeth, Catherine and Peter. Mr. Shafer passed all the remainder of his life on his farm and died at the age of sixty-six years, in 1872. His children are upright, reliable citizens, and all have married and reared families except Catherine. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Kuntsman lived in Mishawaka, where he followed his trade. He first bought 1 20 acres of land, four miles south of Mishawaka, where he lived one year, but in 1867 he bought the old farm where the family now reside, which then con- sisted of 192 acres, and by application and econom}' he was able soon to add to this purchase until he owned, before his death, 286 acres of land. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kuntsman were members of the Lutheran Church. In politics he was a stanch Demo- crat. He made all his property himself by the exercise of thrift and perseverance, worked hard, made every dollar count and was a straightforward, honorable man. He died at the early age of forty-nine years, November 7, 1878. He had come to America with no knowledge of the English language and made his way in spite of that great disadvantage. Seven childreu were born to this excellent man and his good wife, as follows: Catherine, who married John Hollinshead, who is a Missouri farmer, and they have six childreu; Julia married Christopher Fuch, a farmer of St. Joseph county, and they have six children; Ferdinand died at the age of nineteen years; Sophia married Heury Fickensaher, a farmer ot Clay township. St. Joseph county, and has two children; Philip died when nearly thirty years of age; Lizzie married Ludwig Fickensaher, a farmer and school teacher of this county, and has one child; and George is a young man at home, a practical farmer, who manages his mother's farm. The old homestead is still undivided, and Mrs. Kuntsman, aided by her son George, has added 137 acres to the farm. Mr. Kuntsman, before he died had built a commodious and substantial brick residence, a good array of buildings, barns, windmill, etc. This family is one well known and of sterling worth. John W. Ziqler is the manager of the Studebaker Bros. Eepository, at 212 South Michigan street. South Bend, Ind., and his business experience and ability thoroughly qualify him for this responsible position. His birth occurred in Bote- tourt county, Va., June 27, 1831, his parents being Michael and Elizabeth (Snyder) Zigler, who were Virginia pioneers, the father being a farmer by occupation and a tanner by trade. He took up his residence within the borders of St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1833, and purchased a tract of land slightly improved in Portage county, on which a little log cabin had been erected, but very few other improvements made. At that time there were no roads to speak of, except a few Indian trails, and on his farm was an Indian burying ground. He and his wife both died on the 28th of March, 1848, there being but a difference of six hours in their deaths. Five ot the ten children born to them are living: James, Mary J., Lewis, John W. and George P.; Samuel, Sarah, Charles, William and an infant are deceased. The subject of this sketch was about two years of age when brought to this county, and here, amid the scenes of pioneer life, he was reared. He was seventeen years of age when his parents died but he remained on the home farm until he was twenty, up to which time he attended the common school near his rural home during the winter months. Owing to the poor facilities and the incompetency of teachers, he did not become aa proficient as was desirable. He became well versed in the minutife of farming and swung the grubbing hoe and ax with vigor in his endeavors to clear the home farm. After starting out for himself he was engaged in the manufacture of brick for two summers. In 1852 he became a clerk in the dry goods house of Eeynolds & Co., of South Bend, but in 1855 entered the employ of Brownfield & Co., with which firm he remained two years. He then returned to the farm, having married in the mean- time, but remained in the rural districts onlv a short time. He returned to South MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 341 Bend for the purpose of settling up the Reynolds estate and after this was satis- factorily adjusted, he, in 1860, moved to Rome Prairie in La Porte county, Ind., where he remained until 1882. Since that time he has been in charge of the car- riage repository of Studebaker Bros., of South Bend, for the successful incumbency of which position he seems to be naturally fitted. While living in La Porte county he was the trustee of six schools for over eighteen years. He was State elector of the Grange movement, was master of the same organization, was president of the La Forte Agricultural Society for four years, and was nominated for treasurer of that county but respectfully declined the race. He is a Republican, and socially is a member of that meritorious order, the A. F. & A. M. In 1857 he was married to Mrs. Mary A. Reynolds, a daughter of Benjamin Falsom, and to them the follow- ing children have been given: Carrie, Minnie, Charles, Benjamin (deceased) and Ada. Eli.jah W. Halford, ex-President Harrison's private secretar}', although a for- eigner by birth, is an American in the fullest sense of the word. He was born in Not- tingham, England, in the month of September, 1842, and when seven years old was brought to the United States, where he received his education and which has ever since been his home. When yet a youth he learned the printer's trade at Ham- ilton. Ohio, and coming to Indianapolis the winter of 1861-2 found employment on the Journal, of that city, remaining with it in various capacities for ten years. At the time of the establishment of the Chicago Inter Ocean, he was tendered the position of managing editor, and accepting, he occupied the place two years, during which time he obtained an extended reputation as an able journalist and brought to the paper its renown as the greatest Republican newspaper of the great Northwest. Upon his resignation as chief of the Inter Ocean he returned to Indiauajjolis, and for a number of years was managing editor of the Journal. Accepting President Harrison's appointment as private secretary, Mr. Halford occupied that position until near the close of the administration, when he was appointed paymaster in the United States army, with the rank of major. In his intercourse with the great men of all parties, he has won universal respect. When twenty-six years old he married Miss Fannie Armstrong, by whom he is the father of one daughter. Isaiah Rummel. No matter how disagreeable the outlook in life, or how little encouragement is received, there are some who will succeed in whatever they under- take, while others, placed in the same position, will give up in despair. Among those who have won universal respect by push and energy, and who are classed among the first in whatever they undertake, is the above mentioned gentleman. Notwithstanding many reverses and discouragements, Mr. Rummel has ever come boldly to the front, and, with the perseverance and progressive spirit of the native Ohioan, surmounted all difficulties. He is an early pioneer of Elkhart county, set- tling on Section 17, Union township, in the spring of 1866, and first bought eighty acres, all in the woods. He subsequently added to this twenty acres of timber, and his farm of one hundred acres is now one of the finest tracts of land in the town- ship, or, in fact, in the whole county. The improvements are very good indeed. Mr. Rummel was born in Mahoning county, Palland township, Ohio, April 4, 1838, and was the eldest of a family of five children born to Jacob and Hannah (Whiten- barger) Rummel. Jacob Rummel was also bom in Mahoning county, Ohio, and was one of eight children born to the marriage of Peter Rummel, five sons and three daughters: Henry, George, John, Peter, Jacob, Margaret, Christina and Susanna. The grandfather, Peter Rummel, was a native of Germany, and after coming to this country, settled in Mahoning county, where he passed the remainder of his days. One of his sons, Henry, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and all his children are deceased. They had all grown to mature years, reared families, and all the sons were Democrats except Jacob, who also affiliated with that party for some time. Later he became a Whig and finally a Republican. Jacob was born about 1814, and after reaching mature years followed agricultural pursuits in his native county. 842 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL He was married there to Miss Whitenbarger, also a native of Mahoning county, who was the eldest of three children born to Jacob and Hannah (Rose) Whitenbarger. The Whitenbarger famih' is of German and the Rose family of English descent. Both families settled in Ohio at an early date. Jacob and wife became the parents of four children: Hannah, who became Mrs. Rummel; Joseph, Eliza and Jacob who died young. After residing in his native county for some time Mr. and Mrs. Rummel, with their family, moved to Lawrence county, Penn., but subsequently bought the old home place of Mrs. Rummel' s parents and returned to Ohio. Two of the children were born in Pennsylvania. Mr. Rummel learned the blacksmith trade when a boy, but tollovyed farming at which he became wealthy. He was always deeply interested in political matters and was also interested in religious matters, being a member of the New School Lutheran Church, class leader and an active man in the Sunday-school. He was a popular man in his community, gen- erous to a fault, and ever ready to assist the sick and afflicted. No better man had his home in the county. He was superintendent and school director in the township in which he lived; was of a jovial, genial disposition, and enjoyed good company. His wife is a member of the same church and an excellent woman. Like her hus- band she was ever ready to assist the sick and unfortunate, and suffering humanity ever found in her a true friend. She reared her five children to mature years and her excellent advice and counsel will ever linger in their minds. The children were named as follows: Isaiah, the eldest; Joseph, born in Ohio, April 16, 1840, enlisted in 1861, in Company C, One Hundred and Fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer In- fantry, and was killed in the Atlanta campaign by an exploding shell (he was buried sixteen miles south of Atlanta, Ga. ; he had been a brave soldier and was in many battles; the same shell that killed him ended the lives of two of his com- rades; he was a single man); Eliza married William Rife who was a soldier in the Confederate army, being pressed into service, and they now live on a farm in Ohio; John resides with his mother and carries on the home place (he married Miss Susan Sittler and they have one child, Chauney); Obediah married Samantha Yarian, a daughter of Adam Yarian, and has four children: Francis, Daisy, Edith and Adam (he and wife now reside in Mahoning county, Ohio). The mother of these children resides on the old farm, is seventy-five years of age, and although the snows of many winters have passed over her head, she is still in the enjoyment of good health. Isaiah Rummel, the original of this notice, was reared and educated in Mahoning county, Ohio, and although his educational advantages were not of the best, he improved every opportunity and acquired most of his learning by earnest study at home. He worked on his father's farm and followed the usual life of a farmer's boy until a young man. In 1864 he enlisted in the army, was in service four months, and was at Point Lookout. He has never recovered from the effects of the exposure he underwent while in the service. He received his discharge at Camp Denison and returned to Van Wert county, Ohio, where he had located before en- listing. After his brother's death he returned to Mahoning county, and later worked at the carpenter's trade. Returning to Van Wert county he remained there until 1866, when he came to Indiana and located on the farm where he now lives. September 16, 1869, he led to the altar Miss Mariah Strycker, daughter of Christian Strycker, and a native of Elkhart county, Union township, Ind., born February 16, 1845. She was well educated and is an intelligent and accomplished lady, and lives a pious life, always ready to aid the poor and the sick. Mr. Rummel has seventy-five of his one hundred acres of land cleared and is wide awake and thor- oughgoing. Seven living children have been born to his marriage and are named as follows: Elmer J., born July 9, 1870, is a carpenter by trade and in politics a Republican (he is an upright, honorable young man and makes his home with his father); John C, born June 14, 1872, is at home assisting on the farm; Martha A., born June 11, 1874, is also at home; George L., born January 23, 1877; Emery E., born August 14, 1879; Sarah E., born November 10, 1882; Hannah A., MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 343 born January 23, 1886, and died February 2, 1887; and Laura M. , born July 1-4, 1889. Mr. Eummel is a church member and a prominent citizen of his section. In politics he is a Republican and has been a member of the Central Committee for a number of years. He is well known throughout the county as a Republican and has held a number of local positions. Edwaed Allen Jernegan, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of this sketch is one of the old soldier citizens of 8t. Joseph county, Ind., a prominent newspaper man, and for twenty years the editor of the Mishawaka Enterprise. He is of English stock, his very remote ancestors coming with the Danes into England before the time of William the Conqueror, being descendants of Sir Henry Jerningham, as the name was originally spelled. The founders of the family in America came about 1700, settling in Massachusetts, and were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. They were seafaring people, and for generations sea captains, in the old whale voyaging days, living in Nantucket and New Bedford. On both sides the ancestors of our subject lost valuable vessels during the troubles caused by Napoleon's embargo. Leonard Jernegan, grandfather of our subject, was a native of Edgartown, Mass., and was a sea captain. He married a Coffin, a descendant of Sir Isaac Coffin, and they were the parents of three sons who survived: Thomas, father of our subject; Joseph Leonard (one of the early and prominent meml)ers of the St. Joseph county bar); and Charles, who became a resident of New York. Capt. Jernegan was for many years a navigator, and was lost at sea in one of his own vessels just as he was enter- ing the harbor of New Bedford. He left considerable property. Thomas Jernegan, Bon of the above and father of the subject of our sketch, was born in Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard, February 23, 1816, received an academic education, and early in life learned the printer's trade in New Bedford. He engaged in the mercantile business in Boston, but in 1840 came to South Bend, where his brother, Joseph L., was already located, engaged in the mercantile business, and in 1842 bought the Mishawaka Tocsin, founded by Wilbur F. Story, and afterward edited by Mr. Mer- rifield. Mr. Jernegan took this paper to South Beud and then moved to La Porte, resided one year, then took it to Michigan City and changed the name of the paper to the Michigan City News. Mr. Jernegan also engaged in the mercantile business, and was postmaster under President Pierce. He also conducted various newspaper enterprises for over a quarter of a ceutury. During the Civil war the office was closed, the editor, foreman and devil all entering the service of the United States. Mr. Jernegan was appointed by President Lincoln, assistant paymaster in the U. S. navy, which position he held for three years. In politics he is a stanch Republican, originally being a free soil Democrat. Both Mr. and Mrs. Jernegan are members of the Episcopal Church. In 1882 Mr. Jernegan received an appointment in the Pension Department at Washington, where he now resides. He married, in Nan- tucket, Annie M. Clasby, daughter of Capt. Reuben Clasby, an experienced sea captain of that city. To Mr. and Mrs. Jernegan were born two children who died in infancy and five who lived to maturity, as follows: Ellen, Louise C, Edward A., Charlotte C. and Arthur T. The first two were born in South Bend, Edward A. in La Porte and the remainder in Michigan City. Mr. Jernegan, at the age of seventy- seven, is hale and hearty, and attends to all of the duties of life with unabated vigor. He has always been a man of probity of character and well known for his enterprise and energy, and has long been a prominent citizen. Edward A. Jernegan, our subject, was born at La Porte, Ind., January 27, 1846, and was taken to Michigan City by his parents when but one year old. He received the education of the pub- lic school of that city and attended the high school. In 1862, August 16, he enlisted at Michigan City, at the age of sixteen years, in the service of the United States, as a drummer in Company K, Seventy-third Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was honorably discharged March 19, 1863, at Louisville, Ky., in order to take the position of paymaster's clerk under his father, on the United States steamer, " Commodore Barney," in the Atlantic squadron. He was in the 344 PICTOBIAL AND BIOOIiArUICAL battles of Stone River and Perrysville, and also took part in several severe skir mishes. He became dangerously ill, and was in the hospitals at Nashville and Louisville for two months. His naval service was principally on the North Carolina coast and the James River. He resigned from the navy May 1, 1864, and re-enlisted as a private in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and was discharged September 22, 1864. Thus, while still a boy, Mr. Jernegan did good service for his country. He was a soldier, and also served as a minute man during Morgan's raid, in July, 1863, and was made clerk in the provost marshal's office after his discharge until the close of the war. After his service closed as a soldier, Mr. Jernegan became associate editor with his father of the Michigan City Enterprise, where he remained until 1872, when he came to Mishawaka and bought the Mishawaka Enterprise, which he has ably conducted and made a success in every way. Politically be is a Republican, and holds the office of postmaster under President Harrison. He is a member of the G. A. R., and has held the office of commander for two terms. He is also a member of the Mishawaka Masonic Lodge, No. 130, Mishawaka Chapter, No. 83, Mishawaka Council and South Bend Commandery, No. 13, K. T., and has held the office of high priest of the chapter and minor offices in other bodies. Mr. Jernegan married September 0, 1869, Nannie C. Sherman, daughter of Hon. M. G. and Charlotte (Hartwell) Sher- man. Dr. Sherman was a resident of Michigan City, born at Barre, Vt., and descended from the old colonial family of the stock of Roger Sherman. He came to Michigan City about 1856 and founded the car shops. Dr. Sherman was a prom- inent politician, a noted speaker, and had served in the Indiana Legislature. He entered the army as assistant surgeon of the Ninth Indiana Volunteers, and was promoted rapidly on merit to the successive ranks of regimental, brigade and division surgeon. He died in Michigan City in June, 1890, at the advanced age of eighty-six years. Mrs. Sherman was a daughter of Col. J. K. Hartwell. of the Canadian provincial forces. To Mr. and Mrs. Jernegan have been born four children, three now living: Mason S., born December 6, 1870, at Michigan City, a young man who was liberally educated at Wabash College, and who now is associate editor of the Mishawaka Enterprise; May C. , born May 16, 1872, a graduate of the high school; and Ralph H. , born August 30, 1877. Mr. Jernegan is a substantial man, owns real estate in Mishawaka, and is well known as a newspaper editor of ability and enterprise. When a mere boy he displayed these manly qualities which have distinguished him since. As a citizen, his character has been above reproach. He is highly regarded by the members of his profession, and for two years was president of the Northern Indiana Editorial Association. Jacob W^oolverton, vice-president of the St. Joseph County Savings Bank at South Bend, and a dealer in real estate, is well and favorably known in financial and real estate circles, and has always sustained a high reputation in his community. He owes his nativity to this county, his birth occurring in Warren township, Sep- tember 3, 1845, his parents being Charles and Jane (Lawson) Woolverton. The father was a resident of Hamilton county, Ohio, during his boyhood days, but in 1829 took up his abode in Park county, Ind. , and in 1831 or 1832 in St. Joseph county, where he became a land speculator. While pursuing this business he made trips to and from Park county and Cincinnati, and often stopped at the home of the Lawsons, by which means he formed the acquaintance of his wife, their marriage taking place in 1840. They settled on a farm in Warren township, this county, soon after and on that farm the mother is still residing, and although she has attained the age of seventy- seven years, she is yet hale and hearty. When they lirst took up their residence in this section, Indians and wild animals were still plentiful, and although they were compelled to undergo the usual hardships of the pioneer, they were better supplied with worldly goods than a great many. Mr. Woolverton entered several tracts of land, purchasing from the Government at $1.25 per acre, and selling it to the rapidly incoming settlers, by which means he made consid- ;^ ^-^Z^^'-^^^^^^^;^-^. MEMOIRS OF IXDIAyA. 347 erable money. He built a little log bouse on his farm, in which he and his wife ■were living when Jacob was born. He was justice of the peace for several years prior to bis death, which took place November 2, 1852, when the suliject of this sketch was only seven years old. He was a very useful citizen in the early days of this section and it was owing to just such men that the country was brought to its present state of agricultural perfection. But two of his children are now living, Jacob and Charles, the former of whom was reared on his native farm, the majority of his days being spent in clearing and working the same. His school days were limited to the winter months until he was nineteen years of age, when he came to South Bend and entered Northern Indiana College, which institutioD he at- tended for two years. He then took a commercial course in Eastman Business College, from which he graduated. Succeeding this he traveled for some time throughout the Southern and Western states, and upon returning to South Bend went to work by the month for Col. Eddy, district internal revenue collector. He next traveled for a few months for a Cleveland wholesale oil house, after which he was the book-keeper of Studebaker Bros, for a few months. His aspirations having always been to be a real estate man and follow in the footsteps of his father he, in connection with William L. Kizer, formed a partnership June 10, 1869, and have since remained business associates. They have been very successful in this line of work and handle an enormous amount of property. Their operations are extensive and widespread, and connections of the most substantial character have been formed with capitalists and citizens generally. Theirs is the oldest and most prominent real estate firm of the county, and as they thoroughly understand the value of realty throughout the county, and are open and above board in their transactions, their large patronage is not to be wondered at. His time has been too fully occupied for him to aspire to political preferment, but he has been treasurer of the Republican Central Committee of the county. He has been vice-president of the St. Joseph County Savings Bank for many years and is a stockholder in the Citizens' National Bank. In October, 1870, he married Alice M. Rupel, who has borne him four chil- dren: John J., Howard A., Earl E. and an infant. John Anglemyer, who for the past thirty-eight years has been a citizen of Elk- hart county, Ind., and for the most part a resident of Union township, was born on his father's farm in Westmoreland county, Penn., and was one of ten children reared by Adam and Elizabeth (Siple) Anglemyer. The father, Adam Anglemyer, was born in Berks county, Penn., in 1777, and was one of ten or twelve children. He was of German descent and a descendant of a prominent family. His death occurred in 1858, when eighty-one years of age. His wife, who was also a native of Pennsylvania, was born in 1783, and died in 1876, when nearly ninety-four years of age. She was an eye-witness of the funeral procession of Gen. George Wash- ington. This old couple were married in their native State and made their home there for a number of years, eight of their children being born there. Mr. Adam Anglemyer lost his home in the Keystone State by going security. Thinking to bet- ter his condition, he emigrated with his family, in 1821, to Columbiana county, Ohio, where for a number of years he lived on a rented farm. He was a cripple, but worked at his trade, tailor, managed to get along and finally secured a home. During his early life he was a member of the Presbyterian Church, but at the time of his death was a German Baptist. He was a man devoted to his home, firm in his ideas, and public spirited and enterprising. In early life his wife was a Presby- terian, but she also became identified with the German Baptist Church. Their chil- dren were named as follows: Martha, married John Coblentz, of Columbiana county, Ohio, both are now deceased; Sarah, married John Hilbum and lived in Canada, she is now deceased; Jacob, married Rebecca Sumners, reared a family and died in Ohio; Joseph, married Margaret Mellinger and reared a family and died in his native county; Solomon, married Catherine Smith and now resides in Huntington county, this State, and reared a large family ; John (subject) ; Adam, married Han- 548 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL nah Hoke, both died ia this State and left a family; Ephraim, married Luciada Seiduer, who died in Miami county, Ind., and left a family; Elizabeth had a large family, also died in Miami county, and was the wife of Jacob Seidner; and Susan, ■who is now living in Union township, this county, and is the wife of George Grove and the mother uf four children. The original of this notice was born December 16, 1818, on his father's farm in the Keystone State, and he was a child of three years when bis parents moved to Ohio. He grew to mature years in Columbiana county, that State, attended the common district schools and worked as a farm boy until twenty-one years of age. After this he worked on a farm by the month, and on March 16, 1843, was married to Miss Margaret Hoke, a native of Columbiana county, Ohio. After marriage he worked at the shoemaker's trade and also followed farming, and in 1849 moved on a farm in Columbiana county, tilling the soil until 1853. Three children were born to them in that county, one in the State of Indiana, and in the fall of 1853 and the early part of 1854 the family moved to Elkhart county, Ind. They settled in Union township and bought a farm of eighty acres on Section 16. This farm was then nearly all in the woods, but Mr. Angle- myer began improving the place and added to it until he at one time owned 240 acres, and has a fine, well-improved farm. In religion he is a German Baptist. He has been a member of that church for forty years, is an elder in the same, and is much interested in religious and educational matters. As a farmer he has met with success. He is an upright, worthy citizen and one of the foremost farm- ers. His wife was a daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Longanecker) Hoke and the granddaughter of Martin and Margaret (Mellinger) Hoke. The Hoke family is of German origin; Martin Hoke, grandfather of Mrs. Auglemyer, was born in Pennsylvania and came to Ohio at an early date. He went back to bring on his family but died. His widow then moved to the Buckeye State with the three children — Henry, John and Elizabeth — and here passed the remainder of her days, dying in Columbiana county. Henry Hoke, the father of Mrs. Anglemyer, was born in Berks county, Penn., March 10, 1799, but was reared in Columbiana county, Ohio. He was married February 15, 1820, and settled on a farm, where his death occurred August 19, 1857. Mr. Hoke was a stanch Republican, a member of the German Baptist Church, and a leading man in his neighborhood. He held a num- ber of offices in the township and for several years was a school teacher. His wife was born in the Keystone State July 28, 1800, and was a daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Mack) Longanecker. She was a member of the German Baptist Church and died in November. 1875, when seventy- five years of age. This worthy couple were the parents of several children, as follows: Samuel, married to Anna Paulding, died in Union township, Elkhart county, leaving a widow and two children; Isaac, mar- ried to Eliza Weaver, and resided in Elkhart township from 1853 until 1890, and then died, leaving a family of eight children, all in this county: Sarah, married Conrad Rhodes and had a family of thirteen children (she is now a resident of Butler county, Penn.); Margaret (Mrs. Anglemyer); Martin, married Catharine Metz and resides in Huntington county, this State, and is the father of eight children; Lydia, married Jacob Kitch and both are now deceased (they left one child. Amanda); Jonas, married Rebecca Halverstalt, resides in Columbiana county, Ohio, aud has seven children; George, married Catharine Buzzard, resides in Harrison township, Elkhart county, aud has seven children. To Mr. and Mrs. Anglemyer have been born four children. Franklin, who was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, June 13, 1844, is a farmer in Elkhart county, Ind. ; De Lorma, also a native of Ohio, born March 3, 1849, died in 1879; he married Miss Mary Miller, daughter of Jacob and Mrs. Miller, whose family were John, Levi, Andrew, Elizabeth and Mary, and became the father of one child, Laura, who is living; he was a farmer in Elkhart county, a member of the German Baptist Church. Lydia A., born August 5, 1853, became the wife of Jonas Frederick, son of William Frederick, one of four children, the others being: Rebecca, William and Jesse, a farmer of Union township. They MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 349 have eight children: Judith, Charles, Edith, John, Anna, Jesse, Fannie and Harvey. John Anglemyer's (subject's) youngest son, David H., is living on a small farm near the home place and is also a successful farmer. He was born in Elkhart county, Ind. , May 26, 186-4, and was reared under the parental roof. He married Miss Catherine Moyer, one of a family of seven children: Catharine, Angeline, Daniel, Abraham, Susan. Nancy and Saloma, a native of Elkhart county, born September 4, 1864, and a daughter of George W. and Mary (Engle) Moyer. Mr. Moyer was an early settler of Elkhart county and Harrison township. David H, John Anglemyer's youngest son, and wife are well-to-do young people. John Anglemyer (subject) and wife raised and provided homes for the following orphans: Amanda Kitch, only child of Mrs. Anglemyer's sister, who married Jesse Newcomer, a well-to-do farmer; Amanda Newcomer, who died after living with them a few years; John W. Anglemyer, grandchild of subject, who now resides with them; Katie Bucher, who also resides with them at this time, and is an estimable young woman. Franklin, John Anglemyer's eldest son, was ten years of age when the family moved to this State. He attended the district school of Elkhart county and then the Goshen High School, thus fitting himself for teaching. In 1865 he branched out in his career as an educator and first taught in Scott township, Kosciusko Co., Ind., but afterward taught in Elkhart county. At the same time he followed agri- cultural pursuits and has a farm of fifty-nine acres; this he has well improved. He was married in 1867 to Susanna Hoover, a native of Union township, Elkhart county, and daughter of Samuel and Mary A. (Wisler) Hoover. The Hoover family is among the most prominent ones of the county. Mrs. Anglemyer was the eldest of four children — John, David and Jonas — and was born in Ohio, December 4, 1846. By her marriage she became the mother of four children, viz. : Albert H. , born May 28, 1868, married Miss Ida IfFert, of Union township, daughter of Louis Iffert (see sketch); Oliver S., born August 17, 1871, single; Jesse J., born January 28, 1874, and John W., born December 28, 1879. Franklin's first wife died in 1881 and he subsequently married Mrs. Isophine Longanecker, a native of Ohio, and the widow of Frank Longanecker. Her maiden name was Hoover, daughter of M. Hoover. She was born January 13, 1854, and was one of a family of five children: Calvin, Sylve.ster, Ida, Clara and Jane. To Mrs. Anglemyer's first marriage were born two children— Ella and Alice — both natives of Ohio, the former born February 12, 1876, and the latter March 12, 1878. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. F. Anglemyer— Mervin E., born February 11, 1886, and Wilber F., born June 13, 1892. Two children died in infancy. Franklin Anglemyer is a member of the German Baptist Church, in which he holds office. He has a farm near the old home place and is prosperous and contented. Jesse H. Gaines, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of this sketch is one of the oldest settlers of this town, having come here from Detroit, Mich. , December 27, 1839. He is the son of Alfred M. and Mariah Gaines. The ancestors of our subject, on the father's side were of English stock and an old colonial family. General Gaines, husband of the celebrated Myra Clark Gaines, of the famous will case, was a descendant of the same family. The father of our subject was born in Vermont and there engaged in the manufacture of plows. He came to Detroit while a young man; there married a lady of German parentage. He then settled at Constantiue, Mich., in 1842, worked in an iron foundry and later settled in Boone county, Mich., and passed the remainder of his days on his farm. He was the father of four children who lived to maturity. One, Adam S. , was killed in the Civil war in a skirmish northeast of Knoxville and lies buried in the National Cemetery at Knoxville. He was a member of Company M, Second Michigan Cavalry, enlist- ing in 1861, and was shot in November, 1863. He had been in several battles and had served under Gen. Sheridan, who was his colonel. Oscar O. enlisted in May, 1861, in Company K, Third Michigan Infantry and served in that company until 1868, when he was transferred to the regular army and was made orderly of Gen. 850 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL Sheridan's staff. At the expiration of his original enlistment, he re-enlisted in the regular army and was honorably discharged in 1867, his papers being made out and signed by Gen. Sheridan with a recommendation accompanying the discharge. He was in many battles, was never sick in any hospital, but died in Grand Rapids, Mich., in 1866. Mr. Gaines, the father of our subject, died when on a visit at Wilmington, Del., at an advanced age. He was a member of the Baptist Church. Always hard working and industrious, he was much esteemed. He gave three of his sons to the army, the three brothers' terms of service aggregating thirteen years. Our subject was but three years of age when his parents took him to Constantine, Mich., and here he was reared. He received his education iu the public schools, and early began work at the trade of a blacksmith, commencing at the age of sixteen years and finishing when nineteen. He enlisted in the service of the United States, April 23, 1861, at Constantine, Mich., in Company G, Second Regiment, Michigan Volunteer Infantry, and served until April 7, 1865. He was honorably discharged at Detroit, Mich., having participated in every battle in which his com- pany took part, some forty in all, from the first battle of Bull Run up to and includ- ing the Petersburg Mine explosion. This regiment was one of the celebrated fight- ing regiments of Michigan. It was first with Heinzelman's corps, under Gen. Phil. Kearney, and after the death of that famous tighter, was with the Ninth Army Corps, was afterward sent with one of the divisions of the corps to Vicksburg, then to Jackson, Miss., and took part in the Tennessee campaign. In the spring of 1864 the regiment returned to the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Gaines re-enlisted as a veteran at Blair's Cross Roads, Tenn., December 31, 1863, in the same company and regiment. He was never obliged to enter a hospital, and was always an active and efficient soldier. He was taken prisoner July 30, 1864:, at the Petersburg Mine explosion and was taken to Danville, Va., and was paroled February 22, 1865. "When taken prisoner, Mr. Gaines weighed 160 pounds and when he came out his weight was but 107 pounds. The prison was a tobacco warehouse, Prison No. 4, and the prison diet of corn meal, with meat three times in seven months did not conduce to any gain of avoirdupois. Just before his capture, Mr. Gaines had been promoted to be second lieutenant on account of meritorious services, but as he was reported as killed he was never mustered in under this commission, but after his parole he was commissioned first lieutenant, April 25, 1865, for gallant services. After the close of the war, Mr. Gaines went to Marshall, Mich. , where he worked at his trade, and January 1, 1867, he married Jennie Oli- ver, daughter of William and Lucy (Ford) Oliver. To Mr. and Mrs. Gaines have been born five children: Kittie, who married Horace Price, one of the proprietors of the wagon works in Mishawaka; Alfred M. , who was a miner in Colorado; Nellie, Charles and Oliver. In 1869 Mr. Gaines came to Mishawaka, where he has since resided. Mr. Gaines first engaged with his father-in-law, William Oliver, in the blacksmith's business. The latter was one of the old, pioneer citizen of Mishawaka. Since 1879 Mr. Gaines has carried on the blacksmith's business in this town. He is a member of the G. A. R., Mishawaka Post, and has held the ofiices of quarter- master and post commander. Politically he is a stanch Republican. He is a reliable citizen and has served the township in the office of trustee. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gaines are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which organization he has held the office of trustee. Before closing this sketch it is only justice to refer to the war record of Mr. Gaines, which is one of the best in the county. On June 17, 1864, our subject, who was color sergeant, had charge of several colored corporals, called the colored guard. In front of Petersburg, his regiment made two different charges, and in one of these charges one of the guards was killed and six of them were wounded. At another time, the flag staff was shot off and the flag fell. This flag is now in the State House of Lansing, Mich. Mr. Gaines was in one of the first battles of the war, Blackman's Ford, Va. Of the full company of 100 men who enlisted at Constantine, Mich., and were mustered in as Company MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 351 G, Second Michigan Infantry, Lieut. Gaines was the only man who was mustered out of the same company in 1865. The other original members were either miss- ing or had beau discharged or killed. John Yant, mason contractor. An important branch of industry is that repre- sented by Mr. Yant, whose name is prominently identified with the building inter- ests of South Bend, and has become a synonym for sterling honesty and conscien- tious fulfilment of contracts. He was born in Stark county, Ohio, October 30, 1843, a son of Valentine and Catherine (Platz) Yant, the former of whom was born in Ohio, the latter in Pennsylvania, both being of German extraction. The paternal grandfather, John Yant, was a patriot of the Eevolution, was one of the early settlers of Ohio and died in Stark county when past the age of four-score years. Like his father before him, Valentine Yant, was a farmer and devoted his attention to this occupation in Elkhart county from 1861 until he removed to the city of Elkhart, where he was called from life in 1882. The mother died in South Bend, four of the seven children born to her surviving: Emeline, John, Melissa and Mary. Sarah, Nancy and Frances are deceased. John Yant was occupied with the details of farming in Stark county, Ohio, until he was nineteen years of age, but owing to the scarcity and inferiority of the schools of that period, he did not secure as good an education as he desired. About one year prior to coming west he worked at the mason's trade, and upon locating in Kendallville, Ind. , he followed this calling for six years. In 1864 he dropped his trowel in order to tight his country's battles and became a member of Company F, One Hundred and Thirty- ninth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served five months. In 1865 he was married to Miss Mary J. Weaver, of Kendallville, and in 1866 took up his resi- dence in the town of Goshen, where he was successfully engaged in contracting until the fall of 1869, when he came to South Bend, where he has since made his home. His career as a contractor has been a very prosperous one, and he has successfully carried to completion many large contracts, among which may be mentioned the Oliver Opera House and nine dwellings for Mr. Oliver, which took about 24,000 yards of plaster. He has filled many other prominent contracts in a skillful work- manlike manner, and his services are in such requisition that he is kept constantly busy. His buildings are just ornaments to and among the best equipped and appointed in South Bend, and he is rightly considered an important factor in the welfare, happiness and prosperity of the place. He has always supported the doctrines and platforms of the Republican party, by which he was elected a member of the city council in 1884, and during the four years that he held that ofiice he never missed a meeting of that body. In 1888 he was elected township trustee, held the position two years and four months, and his name was a candidate for sheriff of the county at the November election of 1892 and resulted in his election. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the K. O. T. M., the Royal Arcanum, the A. O. U. W. and the G. A. R. He is the father of two daughters: Laura I. and Bessie M. Samuel Hoover (deceased). It is with pleasure that we represent in this vol- ume one of the most prominent and early pioneer families of Elkhart county, and one of its most honored members was the lamented gentleman whose name we have just given. This highly esteemed and eminently useful member of society was a native of Franklin county, Penn., born August 19, 1819, and the son of David and Esther (Lehman) Hoover. Samuel moved with his parents to Ohio, settled with them on a farm in Mahoning county, and there grew to mature years and married. His wife, whose maiden name was Mary A. Wisler (see sketch of her father, John Wisler), was born in the Buckeye State in 1820. After marriage Samuel and wife settled in Ohio, where two children were born to them, and then moved to Indiana, where three more children were born. They came to the Hoosier State in 1850, making the journey with wagon, and were several weeks on the way. They settled on a farm Mr. Hoover had bought, and on which his sons now live, and as this tract of land, consisting of eighty acres, was all in the woods but a small garden spot, 352 PICTORIAL .UVi> BIOGRAPHICAL he began immediately to make improvements and clear the land. A small log house was on the place, their limited household goods were arranged in this, and in a very frugal manner they began their career as pioneers. Mr. Hoover owned very little when he first came to the county, and paid $300 for his original farm, but he was possessed of any amount of energy and persevereuce and became one of the well- to-do farmers. Just prior to his death, which occurred in 1879, he added ten acres to the original tract of land. He was considerable of a hunter, was known as one of the best shots in the county, and many deer have fallen at the report of his unerring rifle. A man much attached to his home, at the same time he was one of the most public-spirited citizens of Union township, and contributed liberally of his means to further all laudable enterprises. When a boy he had but poor chances for a schooling, but in spite of that fact he obtained a good education and became a good business man. He was possessed of a genial, social disposition and loved to Lave his friends about him. At the time of his death, June 25, 1879, he was a worthy member of the Meunonite Church, and in politics was a Republican. He and his estimable wife had experienced all the trials of pioneer life, and contributed their share toward the advancement and development of the county. Mrs. Hoover was reared on her father's farm in Ohio, and died in Indiana, July 9, 1859. She was the mother of five children: Susanna, born in Ohio, December 4, 1846, married Frank Anglemyer (see sketch); John W., born in Ohio, November 25, 1848, married and resides on a farm near Wakarusa; one child died in infancy; David W., born on the farm where he now lives in Indiana, June 18, 1853; and Jonas R., born in Union township, December 22, 1857. David W. Hoover attended the district schools of his neighborhood and the Goshen High School, after which he attended normal, thus securing a good, practical education. He subsequently taught six terms of school in the county, worked at the carpenter's trade for four or five years, and at the death of his father he and his brother, Jonas R., bought the farm. David was married in 1879 to Miss Barbara E. Myers, a native of this county, born April 2, 1856, and one of a family of eight children born to Jonas and Mary (Berkey) Myers. Her father is living on a farm in Locke township, this county, and is a prominent farmer. She was educated in the schools of Locke township, and is a member of the Meu- nonite Church. In politics David Hoover is a Republican. Besides general farm- ing he and his brother are engaged in stockraising, and have some fine cattle, sheep and hogs. Jonas R. Hoover was also educated in the district schools, and his train- ing was good for a farmer boy. In 1883, when twenty-six years of age, he was married to Miss Lydia Myers, who was born March 7, 1860, in Elkhart county, and who received her education in the district schools of Locke township. She was a member of the Mennonite Church, and died May 9, 1892. Like his brother, Jonas, is a Republican in politics, and is much interested in political affairs. He is wide awake and thoroughgoing, and is interested in the development of the county. Adolph K.iMM is a prominent businessman in Mishawaka, Ind., is a worthy citizen in all the relations of life, and has always been interested in the advancement of the different affairs of his section. He is a successful business man; his generosity keeps pace with his prosperity, and he contributes liberally of his means to the advancement of worthy enterprises, in which respect his generosity has been recog- nized and appreciated. He is one of the proprietors of the Kamm & Schellinger Brewing Company, and owes his nativity to Germany, his birth occurring in Wurtem- berg, at Zoebingen Oberant Elwangen, June 13, 1842, his parents being Frank J., born August 17, 1814, and Antonia Maria (Wurstner) Kamm born March 26, 1820. To them were born five children, four of which lived to mature years: Adolph, Philomena, who was born January 4, 1845; Mathilda, who was born December 15, 1845, Maria Antonia who was born April 20, 1847, and died October 10, 1848; Amalia, who was born May 24, 1857. Mr. Kamm, the father was a carpenter by trade, but about 1848, came to the very sensible conclusion that America offered better opportunities for advancement MEMOIRS OF IXDIANA. 353 and the accumulation of a fortune, than his native land, and thither he came with his family, taking up his residence at Fryburg, Auglaize county, Ohio, where he lived until Adolph became sixteen years of age. The latter received but few educational advantages, as he began to work on his father's farm when young. At this age he started in the world to do for himself, making his first stop at Delphos, Ohio, where he began working in a brewery, and remained in that place for three years, after which he followed the same occupation at Ft. Wayne, Ind. , and from there to Toledo, Ohio. In 1870 Mishawaka, Ind., became his home, and having, by thrift and economy saved up some money, he formed a partnership with Clemens Dick (who accompanied him from Toledo), under the firm name of Dick & Kamm, and with him purchased the business of John Wagner, which had been established by that gentleman in 1853. Ten years later Mr. Dick sold his interest in the business to Mr. Kamm and Nicholas Schellinger, and in 1887 it was incorporated with a capital stock of $65,000, and officered as follows: Adolph Kamm, president; Nicholas Schellinger, treasurer, and Laura Kamm, secretary. The company built new and commodious buildings, more substantial and suitable to the business, and from time to time put in the most im- proved appliances used by brewers for the proper conduct and facilitation of their business. Their trade is principally in the surrounding towns, but is extensive and profitable. The article manufactured by this firm is of the finest quality, and although at all times freely sold, it is especially in demand during the summer months. Mr. Kamm owns a sub.stantial residence and other real estate of value, all of which has been obtained through his own industry, good management and shrewd business qualities. He was united in marriage to Maria Weber, April 12, 1869, at Toledo, Ohio, and in 1870 brought his wife with him to Mishawaka, Ind., where she died December 31, 1871. The remains were taken to Toledo, Ohio, where the interment took place. After a period of nearly two years he was again united in marriage to Josephine Schellinger, on July 28, 1873. who was born June 25, 1850, the daughter of Xaver and Elizabeth (Huber) Schellinger, and to them have been born eight children: Laura, born July 12, 1874; Rudolph, born February 2, 1876; Johanna, born April 2, 1878; Paulina, born Julv 31, 1880; Albin, born December 13, 1882, Marie, born December 8, 1886; Adolph. Jr., July 26, 1889, and Eugene, born August 11, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Kamm are devout members of the Catholic Church and in polities he is a stanch Democrat. He is one of the self- made men of Mishawaka, for he began the battle of life with no means and by thrift and hard work has made his property. In addition he always exercised his judicious economy, although he has never been in the least niggardly in his support of enterprises that have recommended themslves to his excellent judgment. He is a patron of education and has taken pains to give his children good educational advantages. His daughter Laura obtained her education in Father Oechtering's parochial school and the St. Elizabeth Academy at St. Louis, Mo., and now keeps the books in her father's firm, being very capable for her age and a practical, busi- ness-like young woman. His son Rudolph is receiving his education in St. Jerome's College, at Berlin, Ontario, Canada, and Johanna is being educated in the St. Joseph Academy at Chicago, 111. On July 17, 1882, an infant child was found in front of Mr. Kamm's residence, which received the name of Arthur W. Kamm; the child lived but a short time, dying October 31, 1882; its parents are still unknown. Xaver Schellinger, the father of Mrs. Kamm, was born in Muehlheim, Wur- temberg, October 25, 1817; he was a miller by trade and was in comfortable cir- cumstances. He was married to Elizabeth Huber, who was born November 11, 1817, and died in her native land September 7, 1861. On November 11, 1863, he was married to the widow of Severin Fischer; they came to America in 1868 and settled at Mishawaka, where she died May 28, 1888. Mr. Schellinger by his first wife is the father of six children: Leopold, who was born July 21, 1846; Nicho- 354 PICTORIAL AND BIOQItAPHICAL las, born November -4, 1847; Edward, born May 1, 1855; Gustave, born March 16, 1857; Joseph born October 7, 1860, and Josephine (Mrs. Kamm), who was born June 25, 1850. Mr. Schellinger is living at the age of seventy-five years, is a Catho- lic in religious belief, and a man of very honorable character. Louis Iffert. Among the well known farmers and stockraisers of Union town- ship, none has a better or more thoroughly cultivated farm than he whose name is now given. He is a son of one of the early pioneers, Martin Iffert, who was born in Ger- many, October 9, 1812, and who was a son of John and Aun M. (Eckhart) Iffert. John Iffert and his wife died in the Fatherland. He was a soldier in the German army, and was for many years blind, having lost his sight in the service. Martin was also a soldier in the German army, and a shoemaker by trade. He was mar- ried in the old country to Miss Anna E. Miller, who was born June 3, 1817, and ■who was the daughter of George and Elizabeth (Hartman) Miller. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were the parents of two children. Martin Iffert and his wife settled down in the old country after marriage and he followed his trade there until 1841, when the family took passage for the United States. They landed at Baltimore but went from there to Ohio, and settled in Colimibiana county, where Mr. Iffert worked at his trade for eight years. In 1852 he emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind., and located in Harrison township on eighty acres of land, where he resided until 1860. He then moved to Union township and bought a farm upon which he and his esti- mable wife are now living. They are a worthy old couple and highly respected. By industry and frugality they have accumulated considerable property and can pass their declining years in ease and comfort. Their children are all around them and are prosperous citizens. Both Martin Iffert and the sharer of his joys and sorrows, are members of the German Reformed Church and active in all good work. The children born to them were named as follows: John M., born October 22, 1837, is a prosperous farmer of Jackson township, Elkhart county; Catherine, born Decem- ber 6, 1843, is now the wife of John Yoder; Anna R., born December 20, 1S44, is now Mrs. Samuel Smith, of Union townsbij); Louis, the subject of this sketch; Christian, born December 6, 1848, is farming in Union township; Daniel, born Janu- ary 29, 1851, is farming in Union township; and Edward, born April 11, 1855, is also farming in Union township. The father of these children is a strong Repub- lican in his political views and is a prominent old citizen. Louis Iffert was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, January 28, 1845, and was but four years of age when the family moved to this county. He attended the district school and worked on the home place until twenty-five years of age, and then, on September 26, 1871, he married Miss Mahala Weaver, a native of the Buckeye State, born June 9, 1852, and the daughter of Abraham and Frances (Berkey) Weaver. Mr. Weaver was born in Ohio, and moved with his family to Elkhart county in 1861. There he made his home until 1875, when he moved to Kansas and he and his wife are residing in that State at the present time. Their children were named as follows: Mahala (Mrs. Iffert); Elizabeth, now Mrs. Albert Beechly, of Kansas; and Samuel M., a farmer of Kansas. Louis Iffert and wife are the happy parents of six children, as follows: Ida, born September 30, 1872, is the wife of Albert Auglemyer (see sketch of John An- glemyer); Almira, born March 25, 1876; Martin M., born January 28, 1879, at home; Henry L. and Henrietta, born July 11, 1882; Henry died when nineteen months old; and Laura, born September 6, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Iffert are members and regular attendants of the German Baptist Church, and are active in all good work. Mr. Iffert is a Republican in his political views. He has 100 acres of choice land, and is deeply interested in the breeding of good stock, as is also his brother, who owns a farm in the same neighborhood. As a business man and gentleman, he en- joys the respect of his associates, being regarded as one of the most intelligent and leading members of society in his locality. M. B. St.\ley is president of the A. C. Staley Manufacturing Company, of South Beu'l, In'., which is one of the most noteworthy institutions of thecounty and is con- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 355 ducted in a highly successful manner under its present president. This gentleman is a product of Marshall county, Ind., where he was born August 4, 1847, a son of Alex- ander C. and Mary (Welch) Staley, natives of Virginia and Ohio respectively. This family is of German and English origin. The paternal great-grandfather came from Germany at an early day and settled near Harper's Ferry, Va. , where he died. He was a soldier of the Revolution. The grandfather, Jacob Staley, was a soldier of the War of 1812, as was also the maternal grandfather, Joseph Welch. Both these gentlemen were early settlers of Ohio and were tillers of the soil, but Iklr. Staley was also engaged in milling in an early day. He died in Marshall county, Ind. The father of the subject of this sketch came to St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1862 to establish a woolen-mill, and soon had a race put in, a mill erected and in operation on the site of the present establishment, having brought his machinery thitber from Plymouth, Ind., in 1855. The establishment was conducted by A. C. Staley until 1888, when a stock company was formed and he was made president, a position he faithfully and capably filled until his death in 1889. The mother died in 1877. To their union seven children were given, four of whom are living: Mrs. Ellen Sapp, M. B., Byron A., a farmer of Harrison county. Mo., and Mrs. William Mack. The father was a very prominent man of this section, was a member of the city council several terms and trustee of the water works four years. M. B. Staley, whose name is at the head of this sketch, may be said to have been brought up in the woolen business, but at the same time received a good education in the common schools and the Northern Indiana College. After the death of his father, as he had been in the woolen-mill off and on from his ninth year, he was made president of the coQcern, and this position he still continues to fill. This establishment gives em- ployment to about fifty men and women, not counting a number of traveling sales- men who are kept constantly on the road. Mr. Staley is one of the most enterpris- ing men of the city, and as his honor is unimpeachable he has many friends and patrons. In 1875 Miss Eva, daughter of Judge Thomas S. Stantield, a very promi- nent man of the State, became his wife. Mrs. Staley is an accomplished and ami- able lady and is a worthy member of the Presbyterian Church. Winkler Brothers. Fred and Leouhard Winkler are extensively engaged in the manufacture of wagons, carriages, heavy truck wagons, and are making a specialty of street sprinklers. In addition to this extensive business they are also coal, wood and grocery merchants, and are all-round, pushing and prosperous business men, who have the intelligence to see and grasp all opportunities for bettering their condition, althoucrh tbey never do so at the expense of others. Their house was established in 1877, and since that time they have carried on an enormous business, the excellent character of their product winning them wide recognition. Fred, the senior member of the firm, was born in Putnam county, Ohio, Juh' 12, 1854, Leon- hard's birth occurring at the same place November 11, 1858, their parents being Charles and Barbara (Brakeman) Winkler, both of whom were native Germans, the birth of the former occurring November 11, 1831. He braved the dangers of the ocean in 1848 and came to America, landing in New York City, from which place he soon after immigrated to Cleveland, Ohio. Having been brought up in the mercantile business, he followed that occupation after coming to this country, but in 1852 went back to his native laud. There he remained only a short time, wedding Miss Brakeman, and with his young bride returned to America in December, 1852. He settled in Putnam county, Ohio, and there once more entered upon a mercantile career at Gilboy, which business occupied his time and attention for some time. Having purchased a farm he located thereon and tilled the same with success until 1857, spending the two succeeding years in South Bend, Ind. At the end of this time he returned to Ohio, thence to Cass county, Mich., and for over twenty-five years resided on a farm in the vicinity of Niles. In March, 1891, he again came to South Bend, where he expects to spend the rest of his days. He is the father of six children, five living. Fred, the oldest son, was principally educated in Michigan, 856 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL but completed his knowledge of the "world of books" in Notre Dame University, from which he graduated in 1874. He was brought up on a farm and helped to till the soil, but he and his brother Leonhard learned their trade at Niles. They started in business for themselves at that place with a capital of 15 cents, but being full of energy, courage and enthusiasm, they devoted their attention to their work, and as their credit was of the best, they soon began to see their way clear to success. After a visit to South Bend they decided that this would be an excellent manufact- uring point, and here determined to locate. They moved their property thither, and although total strangers here the merit of their work soon became universally recognized and their patronage began to assume satisfactory proportions. Their success was soon assured and they now occupy a high standing in financial and business circles. Their grocery, coal and wood yard are also paying enterprises, and speak in an eloquent manner as to the push and determination of these gentle- men. Fred was justice of the peace in Niles, Mich. , for three years. He was married May 7, 18S0, to Miss Emma J. Gardner, and has three children: Sadie, Genevieve and Alfreda. Mr. Winkler never smoked a cigar or took a chew of tobacco in his life, and in every respect is a temperate man and a model American citizen. Leonhard, the junior partner, was educated in the common schools and began learning his trade at the age of fourteen years in Niles, serving a three year apprenticeship. After a time he purchased his employer's business, associated with him his brother Fred, and since then has been an active man of affairs. Miss Mary Cavanaugh became his wife, andto their union one son has been given, Edward. Charles Winkler, a brother of Fred and Leonhard, was born in Putnam county, Ohio, Decem- ber 21, 1861, and in the common schools, the high school of Niles and the high school of South Bend he secured a good education. He is now a grocer of South Bend, and like his brothers, is a shrewd and successful man of business. Miss Alice Knoblock became his wife in 1889, and they have two children (twins): Carl and Crystle. Frank Winkler, brother of the above named gentlemen, was born in Cass county, Mich., March 4, 1871, obtained a public-school education and was reared on a farm. In 1891 he came to South Bend and has since been engaged in the livery business. Anna N. Winkler, a sister, is deceased, and Maggie, another sisler. was born in Cass county, Mich., in 1886. The standing of the Winkler Brothers is exceptionally good, both as regards business capacity and true American enter- prise, and they justly merit the representative position they have attained in their important industry. M. V. Beigee is a well-known citizen of St. Joseph county, Ind. , for he is the presi- dent and one of the large stockholders of the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company and a wide awake and public spirited citizen. He was born February 3, 1847, in the county in which he is now residing, his father being Jacob Beiger, a native German, who came to America in 1844, bringing his family with him. He settled on a tract of land which he succeeded in clearing by hard work and persistent effort, and in time his efforts were rewarded to such an extent that he was justly considered a well-to-do man. He died in Beltenhousen, Wurtemburg, the old home of his birth, where he was making a visit in 1874, at which time he was sixty-one years of age. His family had been residents and natives of that town for genera- tions and were highly regarded in that community. To himself and wife a family of ten children was given: Elizabeth, Sarah. Mary, Theresa, Daniel, Henry J., Martin V., Grascence (who died at the age of eighteen years), John (who died at the age of eleven years), and Sophia (who also died when eleven years old). Mr. Beiger was one of the progressive German American citizens of this country and in politics ■was a stanch Republican. Martin V. Beiger, the subject of this sketch and son of Jacob, received a good and practical education in the district schools in the vicinity of his rural home, which he supplemented by a four-year scientific course in Wabash College. At the early age of thirteen years he began clerking in the general store of A. B. Judson and finally had charge of his bank for three years prior to his MEMOinS OF INDIANA. 357 twenty-first year. In 1864 he enlisted in the service of the United States as a private soldier in Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He rendered efficient service and was not sick or in the hospital while in the army. After his return to Mishawaka he, in 1868, at the age of twenty-one years, became a member of the firm of M. V. Beiger & Co. and engaged in the manufacture of woolen cloth. In 1864 a stock company was formed. Mr. Beiger was placed in the management of the woolen factory and became an expert manufacturer, his goods becoming widely and favorably known. In 1872 he made a tour of England, France, Germany, Scotland and Switzerland, and made a thorough study of the manufacture of woolen goods. In 1886, seeing the successful sale of the felt boot, Mr. Beiger conceived the idea that wool boots could be made by knitting instead of felting, and began the industry of manufacturing an all-wool knit boot. The manufacture of the knit boot required special machinery for it, and Mr. Beiger associated with him Mr. Adolphus Eberhart, of Mishawaka, a skillful and practical mechanic, and these two men invented the required machinery and the process of making the all-wool knit boot, which is now generally ueed and considered one of the important inventions of the day. The business is now incorporated as the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company, with a capital stock of $200,000 and with officers as follows: M. V. Beiger, president: F. G. Eberhart, vice-president; J. C. Eberhart, secretary: A. Eberhart, superintendent; and Marion Campbell, treasurer. The directors are: C. Studebaker, J. M. Studebaker, M. V. Beiger, A. Eberhart, Marion Campbell. The business furnishes employment to about 150 persons and is a credit to Mishawaka as a busi- ness and manufacturing center and a credit to the enterprise and business push of the managers. The company has a capacity of about 250,000 pairs of boots per year and are doing a profitable and successful business. Mr. Beiger votes the Kepublican ticket, and he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he has held the office of tnistee and steward for many years. His union occurred on the 30th of December, 1875, Mr. Beiger married Miss Susie Hig- gins, and they own and reside on one of the most beautiful and tasteful residences in Mishawaka, which is furnished in a tasteful and comfortable manner and is con- sidered one of the most hospitable homes of the city. Mr. Beiger also owns valuable real estate in Mishawaka, a one-half interest in the Tromp & Beiger block, and is the sole owner of two farms in Peun township. Mr. Beiger is of a decidedly prac- tical turn of mind, possesses keen commercial instincts, and these attibutes, coupled with great industry and perseverance and also strictly honorable methods, have been the means of building up a valuable and substantial business, a handsome property and an excellent reputation. C. Fassnacht, contractor and builder, South Bend, Ind. This work would be incomplete were mention not made of those artisans whose skill and labor have been utilized in the construction of her buildings and public institutions; and foremost among the number is C. Fassnacht, who has been closely identified with the modern architecture of South Bend. He has his office at 125 St. Joseph street, and resides at No. 1 Park avenue (Chafin place). He was born in Wittenberg, Germany, March 4, 1850, a son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Schmidt) Fassnacht, the former of whom was quite a prominent figure iu the section in which he lived, and held a number of political positions. In 1859 he, with his family, took passage at Havre, France, for America, and arrived at New York City after a thirty-seven days' ocean voyage on a sailing vessel. From New York they came directly to St. Joseph county, where they joined friends who had preceded them. Mr. Fassnacht located five miles south of Mishawaka, where he lived until his death, which occurred in the fall of 1888. His widow still makes her home on that farm. They were the parents of the following children: Andrew, of Chattanooga. Tenn. ; Frederick, a farmer of St. Joseph county; Hannah, wife of William Belle; Mrs. George Collmer, and Christopher. The sub- ject of this sketch was only nine years old when brought to this country, but prior to that time had attended school for three years in his native country, and finished his 358 PICTORIAL ^iND BIOGRAPHICAL education in the English common schools of St. Joseph county. He assisted his father on the farm until nineteen years of age, when he began working at the car- penter's trade, completing his trade in South Bend under Henry S. Evans, after he had attained his twentieth year. He worked as journeyman until 1877, at which time he bought out Mr. Evans, and has since been doing an extensive contracting business on his own account. Among the numerous structures that are a eredit to his skill may be mentioned the Baptist Church, the Presbyterian Church, the resi- dence of Clem Studebaker, the Oliver office building, the G. Ford residence, the Wyman store, the Coquilard School building, the residence of J. M. Studebaker, the residence of J. F. Studebaker, the residence of Mr. Fish, the St. Joseph County Savings Bank and many other of the most prominent buildings of the city. His career has been one of honor and profit to himself, and although a poor boy he is now in good circumstances, the outcome of honest and earnest toil. He was a mem- ber of the city council two years, and politically, has always been a Republican. He is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially belongs to the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 29, Encampment No. 9. He has been married since 1877, at which time Miss Caroline E. Freyermuth became his wife and in time the mother of his two children: Walter and Homer. Alex Cdhtis, of Mishawaka, Ind., is well known to the citizens of St. Joseph county, as the proprietor of the well-known hostelry known as the Melburn House, which is a popular resort of the traveling public. The paternal grandfather of this gentleman was of English descent, and from an old and prominent colonial family of North Carolina. He followed the honorable and useful calling of a farmer and on his extensive plantation he reared a family of ten children: James, Alexander, David, Jacob, Andrew, Noah, William, Mary, Sarah and Ann. At an early day James Curtis removed with his family to Miami county, Ohio, and took up his residence on a farm near Troy, of which place he was among the ver}' first to settle, and owing to the fact that Indians were plentiful and sometimes hostile a stockade for defense was built. Mr. Curtis was a substantial and useful citizen, highly honored in the section in which he lived, and attained the advanced age of eighty years, dying in Miami county. James Curtis, his son, was the father of the subject of this sketch, and was born in Miami county, Ohio, January 7, 1807, and on his father's farm in that county he was reared to manhood, obtaining such a thorough and practical knowledge of the work that upon entering iipon the calling on his own account he made of it a success. He was married in his native county to Miss Nancy Byrkit, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth (Jacobs) Byrkit, of Penn township, St. Joseph Co., Ind. A family of eleven children was given to Mr. and Mrs. Curtis: William, Jacob, Alexander, Edmund, Alfred, James (who died at the age of four years), David, Mary E. , George, Frank and Loren, all of whom were born in Penn township with the exception of the two eldest children, William and Jacob, who were born in Miami county, Ohio. July 11, 1831, Mr. Curtis came to St. Joseph county, Ind., bringing his family with him, the journey being made by wagon, and made a location in the eastern portion of what is now Penn township, at which time there were no settlers in that section. Mr. Curtis took up forty acres of laud, cleared a small tract and built thereon a log cabin into which he and his wife and children at once moved. He then labored faithfully early and late to clear his laud, and by judicious management increased it until he became the owner of 320 acres of excellent land, all of which he greatly improved in the way of build- ings, fences and clearing, making it one of the most valuable pieces of property in the county. The Indians were numerous in the country at the time of his settle- ment, and the bones of a promineut;Indian chief are moldering in an Indian bury- ing ground on the Curtis farm. Mrs. Curtis was a member of the Baptist Church, and was called from life at the age of seventy-five years. Mr. Curtis was one of the reliable pioneer settlers of the township and brought up a respecta- ble family of children. One son, Alfred, was in the Civil war. Company F, Forty- MEMOIRS OF lyni.LXA. 359 eighth ladiaaa Volunteer lufaatry, under Captain Burkett, and was in the battles of Corinth, luka, and several skirmishes during the eighteen mouths that he was in the service. Alex Cnrtis was born on the old homestead in St. Joseph county, November 25, 1834, was brought up amid the wilds of a pioneer farm and obtained his knowledge of books in the old-time log school-house, his attendance being lim- ited to a few months each winter, the rest of the time being spent in the usual duties attendant upou clearing a woodland farm. The limited education he ob- tained was greatly increased in after years by a varied and extensive course of reading and by valuable experience gained in the management of his business affairs. At the age of twenty-three years, on May 14, 1857, he was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Eggins, a daughter of John and Isabel (Rogers) Eggins, and in time a family of five children gathered about their board: Flora E., Martha J., James D. , William W. and Alex Buford, all of whom were born on their father's farm in Penn township. For some time prior to his marriage Mr. Curtis followed carpentering as well as farming, but after his marriage he settled on a farm in Fulton county, Ind., where he lived one and a half years, after which he purchased laud in Penn township, St. Joseph county, lud. Seven years later he bought a fine tract of land comijrising eighty acres southeast of Mishawaka, about forty acres of which he suc- ceeded in clearing and on which he made his home until his removal to Mishawaka in 1881, when he purchased an excellent residence property in the town and worked at his former occupation of carpentering until 1885, when he became the proprietor of the Milburn House, which he has ever since successfully managed. His house has become noted for the successful manner in which it is conducted, for the neat- ness and homelike appearance of the rooms as well as for the abundant and whole- some meals provided the guests, whose wants are carefully looked after by the at- tentive and gentlemanly host. Mr. Curtis is a man of high character and he con- ducts his business affairs on the soundest principles, and deservedly has the confidence and liking of the public in general and the traveling public in particular. He has been a hard worker all his life, and through honest merit has become one of the best known citizens of Mishawaka. He and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, and politically he is a Democrat. He filled the office of city marshal of Mishawaka in a very satisfactory manner during 1882-3 and since June, 1886, has filled the office of justice of the peace. His daughter, Mattie, who was an accomplished and promising young lady, died January 5, 1880, aged eighteen years, six months and twelve days. His daughter, Flora E., married John C. Boyer, a traveling salesman of Mishawaka, by whom she has one child — Hattie. The sons are in business. James D. has been deputy county clerk four years and obtained a good education in the public schools of Mishawaka; \Yilliam M. is secretary of the Kamer & Schil- linger Brewery Company of Mishawaka, and was a graduate of the South Bend Commercial College; Alex Buford has a good education and graduated at the South Bend Commercial College, is especially gifted in music and is a pianist of rare ability. Irving A. Siblet. A widely known business house of South Bend is that owned by Mr. Sibley, who is a practical, experienced man, thoroughly conversant with the business in all its branches, and his establishment is a most reliable one with which to enter into commercial relations. He is a native of Erie county, N. Y. , his natal day being June 27, 1852. His parents. Dr. William A. and Margery J. (Churchill) Sibley, were also natives of the State of New York, and of English-Scotch ancestry. The paternal grandfather, Abijah Sibley, was a worthy tiller of the soil of Erie county, N. Y. , where he was called from life. Dr. William A. Sibley was a gradu- ate of the Castleton (Vermont) Medical College, and practiced his profession in Col- lins Center, N. Y., where he lived and died. His widow, who resides in Buffalo, N. Y. , and two of his three children survive him, the names of the latter being William E. and Irving A. The latter was reared and educated in his native county, but at about the age of thirteen years he was left fatherless, and thereafter was com- '360 PICTOBIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL pelled to depend almost wholly upon his own exertions for a livelihood. For some time thereafter he worked as a farm hand, received the munificent compensation of $7 per month, but this work he discontinued at the end of one summer, went to Buffalo and graduated from the public schools. Immediately following this he entered a broker's office, where he remained a few months, then entered the high school of Buffalo to finish his education. Three months later he left school to enter a retail shoe store owned by William R. Taylor, of Buffalo, and for two years was in the employ of this gentleman. When in his sixteenth year he was given the opportu- nity of going on the road as a salesman, which he eagerly grasped, and for two and one-half years traveled for George B. Tripp, which occupation was a thorough and practical school and of great benefit to him. In October, 1871, he engaged in the manufacture of shirts at 30(1 Main street, Buffalo, continuing this business with fair success until January 1, 1875. It was only a short time after engaging in this business that he had from thirty to forty girls in his employ and two traveling salesmen constantly on the road. At this time one of his brothers was traveling for a Chicago boot and shoe house, which sought the services of Irving Sibley and offered him $2,000 and expenses to travel for the house, but he immediately refused; ■whereupon he at once received a telegram offering him $2,500. He went to Chicago, not with the intention of closing with the offer, but he became so impressed with their manner of doing business that he accepted the position and traveled for them for three years. The first year he continued to conduct his shirt factory, then sold it. He next traveled for M. D. Wells & Co. for two years, then for Greens- felder, Rosenthal & Co. for five years. In 1882 he purchased a three-fourths interest in the Denel County Bank of Gary, S. D., of which he was president until he came to South Bend. This investment doubled the money he put in it in three years. In 1885 he made up his mind to quit the road, having saved between $15,000 and S18,000 in ten years, and having been prevailed upon to go into the hardware business by a friend of his, and after spending some time in looking up a suitable location they finally settled on South Bend, and in January, 1885, their house was established on a sound financial basis. The partnership of Thayer & Sibley continued for two years when Mr. Sibley became the sole owner of the estab- lishment, and now carries one of the most complete and best stocked stores of the kind in the city. "He has proved a valuable addition to the city, and owing to his numerous worthy qualities as a man of affairs he is largely patronized and is doing a remarkably prosperous business. In 1872 he was united in marriage with Miss Cora E. Cui'tis, a native of Buffalo, N. Y. , and three sons have been given them: Irving A., Jr., William C. and Frank. Gottlieb FoRSTB.^UER, an old and prominent resident of Mishawaka, Ind., is a native of the city of Tuebingen, Wuertemburg. Germany, of which place his family have been residents for many generations and were among its prominent and wealthy citizens. His grandfather, William Forstbauer, was a manufacturer of soap, in which occupation he became wealthy. He lived all his days in his native town and he and all his family were members of the Lutheran Church, with which they con- nected themselves after the great Reformation. He became the father of five chil- dren: Gottlieb, Ferdinand, Frederick, Fredericka and Louisa. Gottlieb Forstbauer, his son, was born at the old family seat Tuebingen, in 1810, and was so fortiinate as to secure a very liberal education in the seminary of his native town, acquiring a thorough knowledge of Latin, French and German. He was educated for the min- istry but his taste did not tend in that direction and instead he became a brewer and a tavern keeper, at which he acquired a large amount of property. He was married to Katherina Eisenhart, and Gottlieb and Ferdinand were the fruits of their union. Mr. Forstbauer spent his life in the land of his birth and lived to be an old man. His son Ferdinand was a soldier in the war between Austria and Prussia and was shot and instantly killed at the battle of Tauber Bishoffsheim, Baden, and was buried on the battlefield. Gottlieb, the subject of this biography, was born in the old MEMOIRS OF INDIAJS^A. 361 native town of his forefathers, September 8, 1839, and for eight years was an attend- ant of the common schools of his native land. In 1853, before he was fourteen years of age, he came to America and in New York learned the art of wood carving. After the firing on Fort Sumter he, on April 26, 1861, enlisted in Company A, Seventh Regiment, New York Volunteer Infantry, and served until September 29, 1862, being honorably discharged at Washington, D. C. He was in the engagement at Big Bethel, Va. Part of his regiment was detailed to the artillery service and care- fully drilled, and at the naval engagement between the Confederate ram " Merrimac" and the United States frigate " Cumberland " at Newport News; and did good service when the " Cumberland " was in a sinking condition. The next day the famous battle between the "Merrimac" and "Monitor" was fought, to which stirring historical event Mr. Forstbauer was an eye witness. In May, 1862, the regiment joined the Peninsular campaign, was engaged in the battle of Fair Oaks and also in the seven days' tight in the following engagements: Cold Harbor, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp. Charles City Cross Road and Malvern Hill. Mr. Forstbauer being shot in the last-named engagement, iu the under part of his elbow, by a piece of grape canister, and was in the hospital from July 7, 1862, until the 26th of September, when he was honorably discharged. He thereupon returned to New York and until 1866 worked at his trade, when he went to Detroit, Mich., where he secured employ- ment as a wood carver in a factory for one year, since which time he has successfully followed his trade in Mishawaka, lud. June 28, 1868, he was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Martin and Catberina (Freudemau) Saner, the former of whom came to this country from Germany in 1845, residing first in Buffalo, N. Y., in 1846, settling in Stark county, Ohio, and in 1852 in St. Joseph county, Ind., becoming the owner of a farm in Madison township on which he is still living, a substan- tial aud well-to-do farmer. He and his wife became the parents of ten children: Martin, Christina, Elizabeth, John, Mary, Caroline, Catberina, Paul and Paulina (twins) and Anna. Mr. Sauer is a Lutheran in religious belief and politically is a Democrat. Since his marriage Mr. Forstbauer has been a resident of Mishawaka. He and his wife have the following children: Edward, Catberina, Adolph, George and Bertha. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church and he is a supporter of Republican principles. He has always been very industrious and owns the property in which he lives. He is a very skillful carver and is foreman of the carving department of the Roper Furniture Factory. Dr. Henry J. Defrees, a young but promisiug physician of Nappanee, Ind., although still in the dawn of the success which has attended his efforts in a profes- sional way, has already given abundant evidence of the ability which qualifies him for a high place in the medical profession. Truly ambitious, and with an ambition whose aim is pure and unsullied, there seems no reason why his unquestioned abil- ity should not find full scope in relieving the pains which a suffering world is heir to. He was born in Elkhart county, Ind., September 27, 1861, on his father's farm, and was the eldest child born to Jared and Josephine (Fisher) Defrees (see sketch following this). The Doctor's early life was passed on his father's farm, and in the district school he acquired a good education. From an early age he manifested a strong desire for the medical profession, and in 1881 entered the Chicago College of Pharmacy, which he attended one year. Following this he began the study of medicine with Dr. Seusenich, of Wakarusa, subsequently entered Rush Medical College, of Chicago, graduating from that well-known institution in 1888. Imme- diately after this he began practicing at Mil wood, Ind., continued there until 1891, and then located at Nappanee, where he almost immediately entered upon a success- ful practice. He is a young man of unusual talent, and has met with good success. He enjoys the confidence of all who know him, and his future prospects are bright indeed. In politics he is a stanch advocate of Republican principles. In the year 1889 he was married to Miss Maggie Leatherman, of Wakarusa, who was born January 4, 1865, and who was the daughter of Isaac Leatherman. She was one of 362 PICTORIAL AND BIOOHAPHICAL eleven children, and was reared on ber father's farm, receiving her education in the district school. To the Dr. and Mrs. Defrees has been born one bright little child, Forrest, whose birth occurred November 20, 1890. The Doctor is a member of the State Medical Society, and a member of Kosciusko County Medical Society. He is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. Mrs. Defrees holds membership in the Mennonite Church, and is interested in all good work. Jabed Defrees. Mr. Defrees possesses those qualities of industry and energy so characteristic of the native Hollander, and is one of the most progressive and substantial farmers and stockraisers of Locke township, Elkhart Co. , Ind. He was born in Freeland, Holland, January 8, 1832, and his parents, Stafold and Hannah (Whisphway) Defrees, were natives of the old country, and there passed their entire lives. The father was liorn December 5, 1791, and died September 17, 1860, and the mother was born October 11, 1800, and died September 20, 1851. This worthy coiiple reared a family of seven children: Harvey, Henry, John, Jared, Andrew, Durke and John C Two of these children died, but the remainder came to the United States, and settled in Michigan and Indiana. Henry, Jared and Andrew settled in Locke township, Elkhart county, and became farmers and prominent citi- zens. Henry died in 1890, leaving a family in Locke township. Jared Defrees, the subject of this sketch, became familiar with the duties of farm life when a boy, and early in life learned the carpenter's trade. At the age of twenty-one years, he emigrated to America, and landed at Quebec, Canada. He crossed the ocean in a sailing vessel of 700 passengers, of whom ninety died while at sea. After reach- ing Quebec, our subject worked at his trade for some time, but subsequently went to Montreal, and thence to Detroit, Mich. From there he found his way to Elkhart county, Ind., in the fall of 1854, and worked at his trade, and on a farm until 1861. At that date he moved to the farm on which he now lives, and here he has resided ever since. He has met with fair success in his different occupations and has ever been upright and honorable in all his dealings. In the year 1860 Mr. Defrees was united in marriage to Miss Josephine Fisher, a native of Holland, born February 27, 1843, and the daughter of Class H. and Hannah (Simensina) Fisher, natives of Holland also. Mr. Fisher pursued the occupation of a fisherman, and followed the sea until 1842, when he married, and later crossed the ocean to Amer- ica. He settled in Jackson township, Elkhart Co., Ind., with his wife and four chil- dren, and there, in connection with farming, carried on the dairy business. After tilling the soil for many years, he thought to better his condition by securing more land, and went to Oregon in 1891 to visit their children, and there they now reside. His children, nine in number, were named as follows: Josephine, Henry, Jacob, John, Matthew, Martha, William, Anna and Benjamin, all now residents of Oregon except Mrs. Defrees, and her brother Jacob, who is now residing in Union township. The Fisher family held membership in the Mennonite Church. Mr. and Mrs. Defrees have experienced many hardships as pioneer settlers, and found it very hard to get a start in the land of their adoption. Hard work, ceaseless activity, and great fru- gality brought them through, and they now own a good farm and a comfortable home. Mr. Defrees worked at his trade and received but 50 cents a day, when he first came to this country, but economy and industry soon brought him to the front. Mr. Defrees is a member of the Mennonite Church, his wife of the United Brethren, while their children belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is one of the public-spirited men of his section. As a stockraiser he has met with much success, and he has also been quite successful in raising grain. He is a well-to-do, honest, farmer, and is well liked in the community. To his marriage were born six children, as follows: Henry, a leading physician of Nappanee, was born September 27, 1861; Jacob, attending Parsons' Horological Institute, at Peoria, 111., was born February 8, 1863; William, born November 29, 1865, married Miss Mary Montgomery, who bore him two children, Clarence and Edith, the latter dying in infancy; Hannah, was born April 22, 1870, and died at the age of sixteen years; Franklin, born Octo- (Sooojfeeji AKtii Ch- (yZ^^y/z^^^^-t^-tA^ MEMOIRS OP INDIANA. 365 ber 20, 1874, assists his father on the farm, and Otto, born September 27, 1879, is in school. Lewis T. Stover is the efficient, intelligent and energetic marshal of South Bend, Ind., and besides is a substantial and successful man of business, being the owner of some good and valuable property in the city. His father, John Stover, was born in Botetourt county, Va., February 25, 1805, and was married there to Miss Julia Stratton, whose birth occurred on October 27, 1809, their union being blessed in the birth of the following children: Edward, James, George, Lemuel, Augusta, Lewis T. and Lucy A. About 1830 John Stover removed to the Buckeye State, but one year later came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and settled first on Palmer's Prairie, and later on wild land in Center township, where he passed the remainder of his days, dying March 25, 1846, at the age of forty-one years and twenty-six days, having, in connection with farming, followed the calling of a cobbler. His widow survived him until February 14, 1872. This worthy and highly esteemed couple were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically he was a Democrat. Lewis T. Stover was born on the old home farm in this county, March 8, 1844, and received the education and rearing of the average farmer's boy. At the age of eighteen years he left the plow to enlist in his country's service, and on October 6, 1862, his name could be found on the rolls of Company E, Sixty-third Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until the war terminated and he was honorably discharged, at Kaleigh, N. C, October 29, 1865, returning immediately to South Bend, which place he reached November 3. In the battle of Resaca, Ga., May 14, 1864, he was wounded on the top of his head by a piece of shell, and fell senseless on the battlefield. He was conveyed to the hospital at Chattanooga, where he remained one month. His regiment lost in killed and wounded 213 men, while charging the rebel works. He was then in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain, June 16, 1864, and was wounded by a minie-ball across the top of the forehead, and was again stretched senseless on the field. Upon recovering consciousness he refused the aid of a stretcher and walked to the rear. He was in the hospital on Lookout Mountain for two months, after which he rejoined his regiment at Atlanta, Ga., and participated in the Atlanta campaign, and was present when that city was captured. He was also at Columbia and Franklin, Tenn., the rebels charging thirteen times in the last engagement. His command then fell back to Nashville and fought a two days' fight with Gen. Hood. He was at Fort Anderson, Willmington, N. C, where he assisted in the capture of the town and in the retaking of 500 Union prisoners; also at Raleigh, at the sur- render of Gen. Johnston, where he was appointed assistant postmaster of the military postoflice, under Gen. Ruger. After his return to St. Joseph county, he was married in Centre township to Miss Eliza A. Reasor, December 2, 1866, daughter of Christopher and Elizabeth Reasor, and to their union one child was given: Elmer H., who died in infancy. After his marriage Mr. Stover farmed and was in the lumber business, in each of which occupations he did well. He has always been a Democrat, has served two terms as township assessor, was appointed superintendent of the St. Joseph County Asylum December 1, 1881, in which capacity he served three years, and thereafter served six months as guard at the Michigan City State Penitentiary. Returning to South Bend he turned his attention to butchering, in partnership with Henry Burt, under the firm name of Burt & Stover, and followed this business with success for four years. In 1888 he was elected city marshal of South Bend, and after serving two years was re-elected, carrj-ing every ward in the city and running far ahead of his ticket. In 1891 he was reappointed to the superintendency of St. Joseph County Asylum, which position he is still ably filling. He has greatly improved the appearance of the in.stitntiou and farm since taking charge of it, and although when he first filled the oflSce the produce of the farm nearly supported the institution, it has since exceeded this. In 1891, 500 bushels of wheat were raised, 1,000 bushels of corn, 421 bushels 366 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of rye, 400 bushels of potatoes, 40 bushels of turnips, 15 bushels of beans, and 20 bushels of tomatoes, and canned about 500 quarts of different kinds of fruit and berries. The general health of the inmates has improved, and all the buildings are in good sanitary condition. Mr. Stover is an efhcient officer, and the discipline of the place is kind and wholesome, and the entire farm, buildings, etc., present a neat and attractive appearance. He makes a business of anything that he undertakes, and is wide awake, pushing and enterprising, tlie proper man in the proper place. Dr. John B. Beeteling was born in Ciuciimati, Ohio, January 27, 1860. He attended the schools of Cincinnati until reaching his eighteenth year, when he became a student at Notre Dame University, Ind., where he was graduated both in the sci- entific and classical courses, with degrees of B. S. and A. B., followed by the degrees of A. M. and M. S. two years later. Returning to Cincinnati, he matricu- lated at the Miami Medical College, now the medical department of the Cincinnati University, and after a three years' course was graduated with the degree of M. D. The young Doctor located in his native city, and proved from the first moment his fitness for the profession he had chosen. For two years he was a member of the city board of health, and during the great flood of 1884 was an active member of the relief corps. In 1885 he was appointed staff officer of St. Mary's Hospital, serving in that capacity until September, 1888. The excellent opportunities which this insti- tution afforded for the study of operative surgery were not neglected by Dr. Berte- ling. In 1888 President Walsh, of Notre Dame University, offered him the position of professor of anatomy and physiology at the university, which was accepted, and in September of the same year he changed his residence to South Bend, Ind., a flourishing manufacturing town, two miles south of the college. In addition to his duties as lecturer on anatomy, the Doctor was appointed attending physician to the institution, and was also invited to attend the pupils and Sisters of St. Mary's Acad- emy, a young ladies' seminary in charge of the Sisters of the Holy Cross order, and located one mile west of Notre Dame. While thus engaged at both institutions Dr. Berteling opened an office in South Bend, in the Oliver Opera House building, and in a very short time established himself as one of the prominent physicians of the town. Two years afterward he was elected president of the county medical society, and re- elected for a second term. Thus far Dr. Berteling has not chosen a specialty, but he has been unusually successful in medical and surgical diseases of the chest, and he enjoys the confidence of the best men in the profession. He was married in 1886 to Miss Alice McCabe, of Milwaukee, and his family relations are most happy. There are three children: Marjorie, John and Hildegarde. Since coming to South Bend Dr. Berteling' s residence has been on Taylor street. William W. Hawkins is an old and prominent resident of Mishawaka, Ind., was born in Marshall county, Ind., September 22, 1845, grandson of Thomas Haw- kins, who was a pioneer of Marion county, Ind. , where he became the owner of a fine body of land ten miles from Indianapolis consisting of 300 acres. He was mar- ried twice, his second wife being a Mrs. Pogue. By his first wife he became the father of six children: John, William, Thomas, Mary and two whose names are unknown. One daughter married a Mr. Van Dyke, a prominent merchant of Indianapolis, and the other is married and lives in Rushville, Ind. ; Thomas died at the age of seventy years, was buried on the old homestead just out the city limits of Cumberland, where a monument marks his last resting place. His son, Thomas, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born on his father's farm, where he was also reared and received a common-school education. He was married to Elizabeth Yeakley, daughter of William and Phoebe (McAlrath) Yeakley, but Mrs. Hawkins was called from this life after giving birth to two children: Marian M. and William W., the latter being two years of age at the time of his mother's death. For his second wife Mr. Hawkins took Miss Phoebe McAlrath and she also died after bearing two children: Elmer, and an infant that died. Sophia Allman became Mr. Hawkins' third wife and presented him with three children: Wellington, Alburtns MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 367 and Bertha. Owing to his advanced years Mr. Hawkins served only three months in the Civil War, being a member of the Ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, during which time he participated in the battle of Cheat Mountain. In 1879 he went to Kansas and settled on land in McPherson county near Christiana, becoming the owner of 160 acres. He has always been industrious and push- ing and is now enjoying a fair measure of prosperity. William W. Hawkins was educated in the common schools and in 1861, at the age of sixteen years, he enlisted in Company I, Twenty-ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until December 3, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at Marietta, Ga., having served four years three mouths and six days, during which time he partici- pated in the battles of Shiloh, Stone River, Chattanooga, Chickamauga, Liberty Gap, Dalton, Corinth, Decatur. Perrysville and many skirmishes, some of which were very hotly contested. He was slightly wounded at Chickamauga, and his Springfield rifle, which he carried in his hands, was shattered to pieces. He then took tbe rifle of a dead comrade and carried it through the remain- der of the war. A short time before receiving his discharge he had a severe attack of sickness — erysipelas— which resulted in the total loss of the sight of one eye, and the sight of the other eye is greatly impaired. He was a good soldier and was promoted after the battle of Chattanooga to second sergeant. For three months he "Was chief bugler and sounded the calls of battle at Dalton, his first colonel being John F. Miller who afterward became the California millionaire. While in the service his regiment marched over 7,000 miles, over one-fourth of the distance around the globe. Although but a mere boy, not out of his teens when the war closed, he en- dured the hardships of the soldier's life and the severe and protracted marches with fortitude, and so far as bodily health was concerned came out of the service much better off than many older soldiers. He has a vivid remembrance of his army life and can portray many of its scenes in an interesting and telling manner. After the war he was in the service of the United States Government for two years and assisted in establishing national cemeteries at Marietta and Andersonville, Ga. He was in •charge of twenty-five men at Marietta and was assistant clerk and timekeeper at Andersonville. In the former place there are 10,151 soldiers buried and at Ander- sonville 13,714 Union soldiers who died as prisoners. After this service Mr. Haw- kins went to Rome, Ga., and in 1868 learned the iron molder's trade with Noble Bros. & Co., an English firm. In 1873 he returned to Plymouth, Ind., and soon went to Chicago for treatment for his eyes and worked in the Cook County Hospital Dispensary for some time. He then resumed his trade in that city, later followed it in Indianapolis for one year, after which he spent one year in the dispensary of the ■ Soldier's Home at Dayton, Ohio. In 1879 he came to South Bend and worked in the foundry of the Oliver Chilled Plow Company thirteen months. In 1880 he came to Mishawaka, since which time he has been with the St. Joseph Iron Com- pany and the Dodge Manufacturing Company, where he is now engaged as a molder. November 28, 1879, he was married to Annetta P. Kitson, a daughter of Jonathan and Philinda (McChristen) Kitson, the former of whom was born of German parents and became a resident of Mishawaka in 1878. He settled at Niles, Mich., in 1892 and is engaged in farming. To Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins six children have been born: Don E., born September 27, 1880; Mabel E., born May 7, 1883, and died at the age of three years; Ernest R., born March 11, 1885; Annebel, born July 22, 1887, and died at the age of five years; Birdie May, born November 28, 1891, and Flora A., born August 21, 1892. Since coming to Mishawaka Mr. Hawkins has become the owner of a comfortable home on the north side. His wife is a member of the Methodist Church, and socially he is a member of the G. A. R. That he was a trusted and efiScient soldier is attested by the fact that at different times he was presented with two rolls of honor by the officers of his regiment, in acknowledg- ment of his meritorious services. In July, 1865, at Marietta, Ga. , be was detailed as a clerk at the headquarters of Gen. John D. Stephenson on the court martial 888 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL records, in which capacit}' he worked three months, the last part of his service being at Atlanta, Ga. He has, by hard study during his life as a soldier and since, gained a fair knowledge of chemistry, botany and music, and writes a good hand. He was one of the detachment from the Twenty-ninth Indiana Regiment, which took the bodv of Gen. McPherson from Ringgold, Ga., to Chattanooga, Tenn. Mrs. Hawkin's father and mother became the parents of the following children: Sanford P., Edward S., Mary E., Annetta P., Clarence, Ida, Sherman and Frank. J.\coB B. Miller. To the person who closely applies himself to any occnpation which he has chosen as his calling in life, there can only come one result — that of success, and a high place in the esteem of those among whom he has made his home. And Mr. Miller is no exception to the rule, for it has only been by industry anei strict attention to agricultural pursuits that he has attained to the position which he now enjoys. He owns 100 acres of as well-improved land as can be found in the county — probably the best improved as to its buildings — and is engaged in general farming and stockraising. His pleasant residence is a home indeed, and at once a monument and a reward of patient continuance in well-doing, hard toil and sober living. Mr. Miller was born in Darke county, Ohio, July 12, 1841, and is a son of David C. and Rachel (Bigler) Miller, both natives of Pennsylvania, the father born in Montgomery county, in 1817, and the mother in Washington county the same year. (For further particulars see sketch of David C. Miller.) Our sub- ject was the only son in a family of ten children, as follows: Nancy, Jacob, Mary, Hannah, Susan. Sarah, Julia, Rachel, Lovina and Malinda. Of these four are de- ceased — the eldest, the youngest and two others. Jacob was but nine years of age when the family emigrated to Indiana, and he was reared principally in Union town- ship, Elkhart county. He received his education in the Miller School-house and was reared to mature years on his father's farm, assisting in the arduous duties of the same until twenty-six years of age. In the year 1866 he married Miss Esther Swi- hart and rented a farm for one year. Later he moved to Kosciusko county, near Warsaw, where he lived for five years, after which he moved to his father's place and carried it on for three years. In 1876 he bought his present place and has since been engaged in improving and developing his farm. In his political views Mr. Miller is a Democrat. He has held the office of school director, also supervisor, and is interested in all public matters of any consequence. He has been usually successful as an agriculturist and his success is due largely to his excellent judg- ment and strict honesty and upright dealings: the proiid position he now occupies as a representative citizen being a just tribute to his worth. He is a member of the German Baptist Church and is deeply interested in religious and educational matters. His wife was born in Seneca county, Ohio, and is a daughter of Samuel and Fannie (Baker) Swihart. Samuel Swihart was born in Washington county, Penn., and of German descent, his father having been Peter Swihart. Mrs. Swihart was the daughter of Daniel Baker. Of the foiir children born to Mr. and Mrs. Swihart, Mrs. Miller was second in order of birth. They were named as follows: Jonas, Esther, Elizabeth and Ellen. All are living and all but Mrs. Miller in Kosciusko county. The parents died in that county where the father had emigrated in 1854, being among the earliest settlers. He became quite wealthy. He and wife held member- ship in the original German Baptist Church. Esther was born August 24, 1844, and was reared in Kosciusko county where she received a fair education. Mr. and Mrs. Miller's union has resulted in the birth of six living children: Samuel S., who was born April 18, 1868, is at home; David, born November 29, 1870. and resides at South Bend where he is employed at the county jail; Daniel, born April 1, 1872, is at home; Rachel, born September 2, 1874; William, born January 3, 1877, and Charles E. , born November 13, 1879. All the children have attended the Weldy School and all are well educated. David and Daniel have also attended the Nap- panee schools, and all the sons now voting support the principles of the Democratic party. MEMOIRS OF INDIAyA. 8«9 Melvis R. Phillips, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of this sketch is one of the old settlers and soldier citizens of St. Joseph county, Ind. The Phillips family- originated in England, but Enoch Phillips, the grandfather of our subject, was probably a native of Massachusetts, and no doubt belonged to one of the old colo- nial families. In early life, we learn, that Enoch Phillips was a hunter, and it was while upon one of his famous hunting expeditions that he discovered the now cele- brated Saratoga Springs, and for some time he resided near there. He married and was the father of six children: Reuben, Amaziah, Levi, Darius, Charity and Amity. Mr. Phillips finally settled in Essex county, N. Y. on wild land, cleared up a farm, and lived to the age of almost one hundred years, dying about 1836. He was an honorable and upright character, and he was one of those old pioneer hunters of the Eastern States who were unique features of the early day in that section. Reu- ben Phillips, the son of the above and the father of our subject, was born in Essex county, N. Y. , served in the War of 1812, and took part in the battle of Plattsburg. He was a man of some education, and married Lydia Cole, a daughter of Orrin Cole, who was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. To Mr. and Mrs. Phillips were born thirteen children, all of whom lived to become men and women. Mr. Phillips was a farmer in Essex county, and moved in 1832 to Medina county, Ohio, lived there one year, then removed to Chatauqua county, N. Y., remained there two years, and then moved, in 1834, to Erie county, Penn., where he bought a farm, and at this place his wife died. He lived here until 18-14, when he moved to Medina county, Ohio, and resided there upon a farm which he bought, until 1854, when he returned to Erie county, Penn., but afterward moved to Adams county. Wis., bought a farm and lived upon it until his death, in 1881, at the age of ninety-five years. He was always in comfortable circumstances, an honorable, industrious man and a respected citizen. Physically he was a very robust man, and his children all inherited his strength. Melvin R. , a son of the above, and the subject of the present sketch, was born August 17, 1826, in Essex county, N. Y., on his father's farm. He attended the best common schools of his day, sometimes in the log school-house of the pio- neer, and also in Erie county. He learned the trade of wagon maker in Chatauqua county, N. Y., but worked only during the winters, preferring life on the farm dur- ing the summers. In 1846, at the age of twenty years, he came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , making the journey with a pair of horses, and a wagon which he had made with his own hands, and coming with John Peek, who is now living in this town- ship. Mr. Phillips followed farm work, and in 1849 he crossed the plains to Cali- fornia with the Bristol Company, which was made up from the counties of Elkhart, Kosciusko, La Grange, Steuben and St. Joseph, and as it was organized at Bristol, Ind., took the name of that place. The company consisted of thirty-nine men, fifteen ox wagons, each wagon drawn by three or four yoke of oxen. They left Mishawaka, March 17, 1849, and reached the mining district on Bear River, Cal., September 30, 1849. They lost three men by cholera on the way, and they were buried on the plains. Otherwise they had no severe trouble. Mr. Phillips mined in California for two years, also engaged in prospecting, and then returned to St. Joseph county by way of the Isthmus of Panama. He married Ruth A. Cook, and by her was the father of one child, Jay, who is now married and settled at Cedar Rapids, Neb., and has one child. Mr. Phillips engaged in farming, and learned the stonemason trade in 1854, working at the trade until 1881. He became a skillful mason, and laid the stone work for the Water street bridge in 1857, and was the foreman for the stone work for the Mishawaka bridge across the St. Joseph River in 1873-4; the Jefferson Street bridge in 1881; the large culvert at the east end of Mishawaka in 1875, and the stone work of the mill race, besides many of the best foundations in Mishawaka. October 15, 1862, he enlisted in Mishawaka, as a sol- dier in the Civil war, for nine months, serving until he was honorably discharged February 3, 1863, at Murfreesboro, Tenn. At the battle of Stone River he was ■wounded, shot in the thumb, and was also struck by a limb which was cut off by a 370 PICTORIAL AJS'D BIOORAPHICAL shell. His company was supporting the Union batteries, and he was lying down with the other men when he was struck across the back and so disabled that he was taken to the hospital and remained there until bis discharge. Mr. Phillips married, in Hillsdale county Mich., February 1, 1859, Louisa Headley, born November 18, 1842, in Columbiana county, Ohio, a daughter of Reuben and Louisa (Harper) Head- ley. Mr. Headley was born in New Jersey, of American parentage, was a farmer of Columbiana county, Ohio, and later removed to Steuben county, Ind., where he settled on a farm and died in 1860. He was the father of eleven children, who lived to grow up, as follows: John, Joseph, Mary, Eeuben, M'heelen, Nancy, Alex- ander, Hannah (deceased), Louisa, Sarah and Emma. Mr. Headley lived to be seventy-three years of age, and was an industrious, hard working man, respected by all. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips are the parents of two children: Frank, born October 18, 1860, and Myron Reuben, born November 22, 1866. Frank married Effie Owen, and is employed on the Lake Shore Railroad, residing in Elkhart. He has three children: Florence M., Francis and Charles. Myron R. is a farmer on the home farm. He married Carrie Bonner and has one child, Gracie. Politically Mr. Phil- lips is a stanch Democrat; socially a member of the Masonic order. He has given his children good educational advantages. He stands deservedly high as an honor- able citizen, a patriotic defender of his country, and a man of sterling traits of character. Robert Mtler, county auditor, is one of the most efficient, faithful and pains- taking officers St. Joseph county has ever had, and in discharging the functions of his office he has shown the utmost courtesy to all with whom he has come in contact, and has won innumerable friends. He was born in Henry county, Ind., July 29, 1832, to James and Olive (Main) Myler, natives respectively of Maryland and New York State. At an early day Indiana became their home, and in the county of Henry the father successfully tilled the soil until 1836, when he took up his resi- dence" in Warren township of St. Joseph county, where he purchased a very slightly improved farm and began making his home in a little log cabin that had been erected thereon. He died in Buchanan, Mich., leaving four sons and eight daughters. The subject of this sketch is the youngest son, and was but four years of age when his parents located in this section. Like most farmers' boys he obtained a district school education, his attendance being confined to a three months' winter term, to which he was compelled to walk three miles. The facilities at that time were very poor, the school building was a small log structure, and the arrange- ment of the interior was of the most primitive description. When twenty-two years of age he left home to make his own way in the world, and as a means of livelihood took up farming, an occupation with which he was thoroughly familiar, in Warren township, following it until 1860, when he abandoned it to cross the plains to the Pacific slope. He visited Pike's Peak, but his efforts as a gold hunter were unsuccessful, and at the end of sis months he became discouraged and returned home. He purchased a farm in German township, which he still owns, and during his residence there he was trustee of the township two terms. In 1870 he moved to South Bend and engaged in the manufacture of furniture, which he carried on two years, then began devoting his attention to the real estate and insurance business, which he successfully conducted for a number of years. Following this for seven years he traveled for the Oliver Plow Company. He still owns his farm, consisting of 182 acres two and a half miles from South Bend, which is known as Portage Point farm. Mr. Myler is a well-known stockman and wheat buyer, and his repu- tation throughout the county as a man of affairs is of the very best. He has always been interested in politics and was an alternate to the Chicago National Convention in 188-1. He has been a delegate to nearly all the county and district conventions, and has filled his present office, to which he was elected by the Democratic party in 1890, with marked ability. Socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M. In 1854 he was united in marriage to Miss Phcebe A. Dunn, by whom he has three children; William E. , deputy auditor; Nellie A. and R. O. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 371 Fredrick George Eberhaet, Jr., Mishawaka, Ind. The original pioneer of Penn township was Fredrick Gr. Eberhart (see sketch of Adolphus Eberhart). He was the father of our subject, who was born in Yates county, N. Y. , March 15, ]835, and was one year old when his parents brought him to this county. He received the common -school education of his township, attending school during the winters and working on the farm during the summers, remaining on the farm at home until he was twenty one years of age. In 1857 he went to Rock Island, 111., and remained there one summer engaged in breaking prairie, but returned to Penn township in 1858, and in company with his brothers John and Jacob, went into the lumber busi- ness, in which he successfully continued for five years. Following this he engaged in farming one and one-half miles northeast of Mishawaka, and bought eighty acres of laud, to which, by thrift and industry , he added until he now owns 110 acres, upon which he has put good improvements, consisting of a substantial residence, commodious barn, and other farm buildings. In 1864 Mr. Eberhart married Boxy Vesey, daughter of George and Olive (Graham) Vesey. George Vesey descended from the old family of the name, in Vermont, and came to Penn township in 1847, buying 160 acres of land which he cleared from the dense woods and made into a good home. Both Mr. and Mrs. Vesey were members of the Baptist Church, he being a deacon for many years. Politically he was a stanch Republican. He was the father of sis children by his first wife: Emily, Anna, William, Lucius, Horace and Roxie. Mr. Vesey lived to the age of sixty-seven, and died on his farm in May, 1887. He was a man of excellent reputation, and was well known throughout St. Joseph county for his integrity of character. He was an industrious pioneer citi- zen. His wife. Olive Graham, was born in York State, of English descent. Mr. and Mrs. Eberhart have had four children: Sabra, born February 1, 1865; George F. , born November 8, 1868: Adelbert H. , born November 26, 1873, and died at three years of age, and Lucius H. , born April 23, 1876, dying while still an infant. All of the children were born in Penn township on the farm. All of the children received a good education, and George and Sabra O. attended the high school of Mishawaka, froni which the former graduated. Our subject has always been a prac- tical farmer and business man, but has held no office. He is a stanch Republican in politics, a substantial citizen, owning his farm and also an interest in the Eber- hart homestead. Both Mr. and Mrs. Eberhart are members of the Methodist Church, in which he is now trustee, and has been class-leader and steward. They are now residing in Mishawaka. Sabra O. married George Cook, freight agent at Chesterton, Ind., and has one child: Jay W. ; and George F. married Abbie Plum, and is a merchant in Osceola. Mr. Eberhart has descended from one of the most honorable families in Penn township, and has always been a man above reproach in every relation of life. Dr. W. a. Piekce, Osceola, Ind. In a comprehensive work of this kind, deal- ing with industrial pursuits, sciences, arts and professions, it is only fit and right that that profession on which, in some period or other of our lives — the medical profession — we are all more or less dependent, should be noticed. It is the preroga- tive of the physician to relieve or alleviate the ailments to which suffering humanity is heir, and as such he deserves the most grateful consideration of all. A promi- nent physician who, by his own ability, has attained distinction in his profession is Dr. \V. A. Pierce, who was born in Bennington, Vt., in 1852, and comes of an old New England family of English descent. Michael Pierce, sou of Ephraim, came to this country from England in 1727 and settled in Massachusetts. Capt. John Pierce, of Bedford, Mass., and grandson of Ephraim, served in the Revolutionary war, while Isaac, the great-grandson of Ephraim, served in the War of 1812. Amos Pierce, the grandfather of Dr. Pierce, became a general merchant of Burlington, Va., in 1813, there reared his family and passed from life at the age of eighty years. He was the father of Myron A., Charlotte, Sarah and Augusta Pierce. Amos IPierce was a successful man of affairs and for some time held the office of justice of the 373 PICTORIAL AND BIOOliAPIIICAL peace. Myron A., bis son and the father of Dr. W. A. Pierce, was born in Burling- ton, Vt., and graduated at the Boston University, paying his own way while in this institution by teaching school. After sufficient preparation he began practicing medicine at White Hall, Vt., and later at Bennington, where he remained six years. In 1854 he moved with his family to Morris, 111., having married in the .State of his birth Harriet Frost, who bore him six children: William A., Frank F., Frederick (who died when in infant), George (who also died young), Harriet G. and Jesse M. Dr. Pierce practiced medicine at Morris, 111., for thirty years, and became widely and favorably known. He and his wife were members of the Presbyterian Church, in which they were very active workers, and socially he was a member of the A. F. & A. M. He died January 30, 1885, at the age of sixty-six years. Dr. W. A. Pierce may be said to have been brought up in his father's office, for there much of his time was spent iu studying his father's medical books and receiving valuable instructions from him, not only by precept, but by example. His literary education was obtained in the Morris Classical Institute, and his medical education in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, from which he graduated as anM. D. in 1879. Soon after this he opened an office at Middlebury, Ind., but at the end of three months came to Osceola, since which time he has, by his assiduous attention to his patients, acquired a large and steadilv increasing practice, while he has gained the confidence of all as a steady, clever and scientific practitioner. He is a practitioner of the regular alopathic school, and during the prevalence of la grippe in 1891 he kept two drivers and seven horses busy almost day and night in looking after his patients. He has full control of the medical practice of his territory, his drives extending in all directions from Osceola, a distance of ten miles. He is well known as a man of benevolent disposition and for his kindness to the poor, his charges to them being most reasonable. He stands deservedly high, not only in his profession, but as a gentleman and an honored citizen. He is a member of the St. Joseph County Medical Society, and politically is a Repulilican. March 15, 1881, he mar- ried Louisa White, daughter of William and Elmira (Belden) Bancroft, the former of whom was one of the founders of Osceola. Dr. and Mrs. Pierce have two chil- dren: Harriet E. and Chauncey M. Harry Boyd Snee, M. D. The medical profession in South Bend is represented by a number of skillful practitioners, who have an extended knowledge of therapeutics, skill in their use and enviable reputations as physicians of ability. Prominent among them is Dr. Snee, who is a graduate of the noted Rush Medical College, of Chicago, being a member of the class of 1888-9. He was born in the city of New York, March 22, 1869, a son of Philip Boyd Snee, who was a native of Yorkshire, England, where his birth occurred in 1847. In 1804 he crossed the "pond" to the United States to seek his fortune and settled in the city of New York, where he fol- lowed his occupation, that of importer of woolen goods, having been identified with their manufacture in his native land. He was called from life in 1871, having lived a useful and upright life. His wife, whose maiden name was Jane Magian, was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1849, and is now a resident of the city of Chicago. From 1876 until 1882 Dr. Harry Boyd Snee was an attendant of the well-known Notre Dame University, but from 1882 until 1886 he attended high school in Chi- cago, and also received instruction from private tutors. From February, 1889, until June of the same year and immediately after graduating from Hush Medical College, he was surgeon for the Milwaukee, Lake Shore & Western Railroad, with headquarters at Hurley and Rhinelander, Wis. In June, 1889, he went to Europe for the purpose of perfecting himself in his profession, and for a period of two years he pursued his medical researches in Heidelberg, Freidburg, Munich, Vienna and Berlin Universities, making a special study of the throat, nose and ear. He returned to the United States in the summer of 1891 and opened an office in South Bend, Ind., where he has remained ever since and built up a paying patronage, through sheer force of native ability. He has been very successful in his treatment of his MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 373 patients, who repose in him the most unlimited confidence, and even those who employ older physicians in cases of sickness in their families, can not fail to remark his wonderful cures and acknowledge his ability. Although young in years he has already attained a prominence which many older physicians would gladly have, and the future promises for him a success of conquests. He is a member of the Turner's Society and socially belongs to the B. P. O. E. Lodge, No. 235. Zelotes Bancroft is one of the founders of the town of Osceola and is now its oldest resident. His grandfather, Isaac Bancroft, was born in Massachusetts and was a direct descendant of one of the Pilgrim fathers. Three brothers of the name came from England and settled in the Bay State and were among the founders of the Plymouth colony. Isaac Bancroft was a farmer of Granville, Mass. , was an industrious and likely citizen and became possessed of a competence. He lived to be an old man and died a member of the Baptist Church, in which faith he reared his children, their names being as follows: Lemuel, Zelotes, William, Charles, Alma and Ruth by a first wife, and Jacob, Harry and Hannah by a second wife. His son William was born at his father's farm at Granville, received a common- school education and when old enough began learning the ship-carpenter's and millwright's trades in the shipyards of Boston. His brother Lemuel having settled in Wyoming county, N. Y., he joined him in 1826 and was married there December 24, 1828, to Emeline, daughter of William and Hannah ( Westcot) Belden, soon after which he began working at the wagon and carriage maker's trade and was also engaged in the lumber business. His union resulted in the birth of the follow- ing children: Laura, who died in infancy in New York; Zelotes; Alma, born in New York State; Euth, born in St. Joseph county, Ind. ; Emeline and Louisa. In 1837 Mr. Bancroft came to St. Joseph county, Ind., his brother Zelotes having been the first of the family to settle here, and the latter assisted in organizing the county and in building the first mill-dam across the St. Joseph River at Mishawaka. He was a prominent man and at one time wealthy. Among his business enterprises was the purchase of the original saw-mill on the creek at Osceola and a tract of 160 acres of land, after which he sent for his brother William to come and take charge of the mill, which he did and successfully operated it for some years. After the death of his brother, which occurred at Mishawaka, William bought the mill property, greatly improved it aud with the assistance of his son Zelotes. he built a grist and flouring- mill in 1856, and had nearly 300 acres of land, on a part of which Osceola is now built. In this business he became wealthy and left a handsome property. He was a Baptist in religious belief, was first a Democrat, but assisted in organizing the Republican party in his section, after which he was one of its stanch supporters, and being very much opposed to secret organizations, he was not a member of any society. He was a good business man, a practical worker, and being quite ingenious he invented a water-wheel of much merit. He was very upright and honorable, was decidedly progressive and was one of the founders of the free-school system in his township, and together with a Methodist preacher of the name of Getchell, he built the first school-house in his part of the township, he furnishing the lumber and Mr. Getchell building the house. Mr. Bancroft hired the teacher and paid her without the assistance of others, the school being free for all. He also assisted in building the Methodist Church, and his many deeds of unselfishness and interest in the welfare of his section won him the regard of all who knew him. He was a very strong Union man during the war. Zelotes Bancroft was bom at Castile, Wyoming county, N. Y. , October 23, 1830, but has been a resident of Penn township, this county, ever since he was six years of age. He received his education in a log school-house one and one-half miles south of Osceola, which was a very primitive structure, heated by an immense fireplace holding logs eight feet long, which were hauled to the school- house by horses. Mr. Bancroft attended this school three months, which was taught by an old Kentuckian who allowed the children to run out and in the school- house at their will. He would go to the school house door and shout "All you that 374 PICTORIAL yWD BIOGUAPHICAL haint sayed, come in and say," and the boy who reached the door first read first. After this Mr. Bancroft attended school in the house built by his father, the teacher being a Miss Broodwick, who afterward married John Davenport of Elkhart. He continued to attend this school daring the winter seasons until he was twenty years old, and being quick and intelligent, usually stood at the head of his classes. He worked in his father's saw-mill and afterward on the Lake Shore Railroad for two years. In 1856 he assisted his father to build the mill above mentioned, which building is still standing although it has been remodeled. He has since been the very efficient manager of this mill. For some years he ran a store in Osceola, assisted by his wife, whom he married June 1, 1863, her maiden name being Sarah E. Masters, born December 11, 1844, a daughter of Austin M. and Jane A. (Elmondorf) Masters, who were of Dutch stock and natives of Kingston, N. Y. Peter Masters, the grandfather of Mrs. Bancroft, was in the War of 1812, and lived to be nearly ninety years of age, at which time he was the oldest Odd Fellow in the United States, being a charter member of Kingston Lodge, New York. He was a very successful blacksmith and owned a shop with five forges. He was also in the stone quarry business. His son James learned the miller's trade of Mr. Bancroft. To the latter and his wife seven children have been born: William, who died at the age of five years; Archie, who died when one and a half years old; Graeie, who died in infancy; Zelia; Jennie; George and another child who died in infancy. Mr. Bancroft lived with his father and mother until their respective deaths. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Chxirch and he has taken an active interest in Sunday- school work, and is now teacher of the Bible class. He is a Republican and as an honorable, upright man stands high in the community in which he resides. Charles W. Jaqdith. Prominent among the successful business men of Nap- panee, Ind., is Mr. Charles W. Jaquith, dealer in farming implements and field seeds. He owes his nativity to St. Joseph county, Ind., born on a farm in Madison township. May 6, 1839. He is a son of Henry and Lucy (Tallman) Jaquith and the grandson of Reuben and Mary Jaquith, both of English descent. Henry W. Jaquith was a native Vermouter, born March 10, 1806, and there made his home until ten years of age, when he came with his parents to southern Indiana. This was in 1816, and in 1827 he married Miss Lucy Tallman. Nine years later, or in 1836, he moved to St. Joseph county. Ind., settled on a farm in Madison township, and there resided for sixteen years. From there he moved to Sumption's Prairie, resided there for twelve years, and then for ten years was a resident of South Bend, where his death occurred in October, 1876, when sixty-nine years and seven months old. He was a cooper by trade and that was his principal occupation in life. In his religious views Mr. Jaquith was connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, joining the same in 1840, and has always lived an upright, honorable life. Until the last year of his life he held office in his church, and was ever one of its leading members. Honora- ble and upright in all his relations he was loved and esteemed by all who knew him, and his death caused univer.sal sorrow, for all felt the loss to be sustained by the departure of such a man. He was a good man in every sense of the word, and his memory will live in the hearts of the people long after his body has moldered to dust. He died in the faith of a glorious hereafter, and was at peace with God and man. His wife died at her home in South Bend, from general debility, vfhen sev- enty-nine years of age. She was born in Canada, June 21, 1809, and the last years of her life were spent in South Bend. She was a faithful member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a woman widely and favorably known for her many excellent qualities. Eleven children were born to this worthy couple, four of whom are still living: Andrew J. ; Albert D.; Julia A., who died in 1887; Permelia D., died in 1873; Nathaniel T. E. ; Charles W. ; Lucy Emaline, died in 1873; Dr. Franklin, died in 1878; an infant, died unnamed; Luciuda, died in 1869, and George, died young. The father of these children was a Democrat in earlj' life but later became a Repub- lican, and continued a member of that party until his death. Charles W. Jaquith MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 375 was reared oa his father's farm. After reaching mature years he married Miss Julia F. Crocker, who was born in 1840, and who was the daughter of Ezra and Julia (Curtis) Crocker. Mr. Crocker was born in Vermont, March 9, 1806, and his wife in Connecticut, November 25, 1803. They were married in the State of Ohio, April 8, 1828, and the following children were born to them: Samuel, Sarah, Andrew J., Ezra T., Mary A., Julia F. aud Orris J. Simpson, a son by a later marriage. Mrs. Jaquith's maternal great-grandfather, Ethan Curtis, married Miss Elizabeth Warner in Connecticut, in January, 1778, aud thirteen children were born to them: Lydia, Samuel, Sarah, Ethan, Chancey, Betsy, Eunice, Ada, John, Joel, Catherine, AYillis aud William. The son Samuel, grandfather of Mrs. Jaquith, married Mary A. Churchill in the State of Massachusetts, January 8, 1802, and twelve children were born to them: Julia, Caroline, Andrew, Eliza, Eunice, Churchill, Lucy, Crosby, Eebecca, Chancey, Moses and Mary. Mary A. Churchill's parents, Moses aud Mol- lie (Crosby) Churchill, were married in Massachusetts in March, 1785, and eight children were born to them: Mary A., Betsy, Moses, Lucy, Polly, Samuel, Rebecca and Major. Mrs. Jaquith's paternal grandfather, Josiah Crocker, married Miss Sarah Toby in Massachusetts, in 1788, and later moved to Vermont, where nine chil- dren were born: Benjamin, James, Thomas. Sarah, John, Timothy, Ezra, Betsy and Eliza. Mr. and Mrs. Jaquith's nuptials were celebrated May 26, 1864, and two children have blessed this union: Minnie B. and M. Leroy. The former was born June 28, 1869, and was married to C. M. Curtis September 17, 1888. On Decem- ber, 17, 1889, a son was born to them, whom they called Jaquith G. Curtis. M. Leroy is at home aud in business with his father. Previous to locating in Nappanee Mr. Jaquith was engaged in farming in St. Joseph county, this State, and he also worked at the carpenter's trade. He was at one time the owner of a saw-mill. He now owns a good farm in St. Joseph county, aud is a man of good business habits. In poli- tics he is a Democrat. William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States and first governor of the Territory of Indiana, was a native of the Old Dominion, his birth occurring at Berkeley, in 1773. His father was Gov. Benjamin Harrison, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Eeeeiving the final part of his schooling at Hampden, Sidney College, he began for himself at eighteen years of age, at which time occurred the death of his father. In opposition to the protests of his friends, he sought a position in the army of the United States, was commis- sioned ensign by General Washington and ordered to report to the commanding general (St. Clair) of the Northwestern Army. At this period the frontier was greatly harrassed by depredations of marauding bands of savages, supplemented by covert support and aid of the British Government, and the duties of the.frontier troops were to hold in check and keep within due bounds these attacks. The eleva- tion of Gen. Anthony Wayne over General St. Clair, in the command of the North- west, resulted in a more vigorous aud active policy and numerous battles were fought with varying success. Having obtained promotion to a lieutenancy, young Harrison was the hero in a bloody engagement August 20, 1792, and for this he was publicly thanked by his superior officer. In 1795 he was made commander of Fort Wash- ington, with the rank of captain; the same year he wedded the youngest daughterof John Cleves Symmes, the original owner of the present site of Cincinnati, and three years later resigned his commission to engage in farming. Very shortly after tender- ing his resignation he was appointed secretary of the Northwest Territory by Pres- ident Adams, and as such was ex-officio lieutenant-governor, and in the absence of General St. Clair was governor. In 1799 he was elected a delegate to Congress, and during this session the Northwest Territory was divided into two Territories, named Ohio and Indiana. The latter comprised the present States of Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin and Michigan, and of this Mr. Harrison received the appointment of governor. He immediately located at Vincennes, which was then the capital, and served as governor sixteen years, having been twice re appointed by Jefferson and 876 PICTORIAL AND BIOGUAPHICAL once by Madison. His influence witb the Indians was greater than any other white man. He alway.s kept strict faith with these children of Nature, was prompt to reward their good deeds and as decisive in punishing their treachery. During his administration he commanded at the battle of Tippecanoe, and the good results achieved by the success of the whites was made an event by the Legislatures of both Indiana and Kentucky extending the hero of the day a vote of thanks. Governor Harrison is given a prominent place by historians for his services during the War of 1812. He was a participant in the defense of Fort Meigs and the Itattle of the Thames, as well as being the commander of the Army of the Northwest, with the rank of major-general. In 1816 he was elected to Congress and in 1824 to the United States Senate, from Ohio, and in 1828 was appointed minister to the Republic of Colombia by President Adams, but was almost immediately recalled by General Jackson. In 1836 he was nominated for the presidency of the United States, but suifered defeat. In 1840 he was re-nominated by the Whigs and during one of the most remarkable campaigns this country ever experienced, was elected, and March 4, 1841, was inaugurated. Having spent the most of his life on the frontier, Mr. Harrison lacked the polish of his opponent, and the story was circulated by the Dem- ocrats, with the expectation that it would prove detrimental to him, that he lived in a log cabin and drank nothing but cider. The Whigs accepted the insinuation. The simpleness of the human life, divested of glamors and gildings, always appeals to the direct sensibilities of the people. So it did in this case. Log cabins were erected everywhere: kegs, supposed to contain cider, were indispensable. Log cabin and hard cider songs were sung and are yet remembered by the old residenters, and the famous hero of Tippecanoe became the ninth President of the United States. His untimely death occurred one mouth after his triumphal inauguration. Rev. Thomas C. Walsh, C. S. C, Notre Dame College, is a native of Montreal, Canada, his birth occurring May 15, 1853, his father being Thomas E. Walsh, a well-known and successful business man of Detroit, who died in that city in 1891. The subject of this sketch was one of eight children, and when fourteen years of age he entered the College of St. Lawrence, Montreal, in which well-known institu- tion he completed his education in 1872. From there he went to Paris, France, where he entered Ste. Croix College, in which he remained until 1875. From that place he came to Notre Dame the same year and entered upon his duties as professor of classics, which position he occupied with ability for two years. In 1877 he was ordained and made vice-president of the institution, and in 1881 became president, which position he is still acceptably filling. He has proved himself to be the "right man in the right place," and no more sufficient testimony is needed to prove his worth and ability than the present high position which he occupies. Eli O. Newman is one of the energetic and enterprising citizens of Mishawaka, and comes of sterling English and Irish stock, his early ancestors coming to this country and settling at Lynn, Mass. David Newman, the great-grandfather, was a soldier of the Revolution and was born at that place, and after his marriage became the father of the following children: John, Thomas, Sarah, Clarissa, Nancy and Eli. The latter, our subject's grandfather, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Thomas, his son, was also born at Lynn, and was a shoemaker by trade; he mar- ried Miss Fannie Weeks and eight children were born to them: Samuel, James, Alexander, David, Mary, Sarah, Eli O. and Benjamin, who was killed in the Civil war, while serving in an Ohio regiment. Thomas Newman settled in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, at an early day and died near New Philadelphia at the age of forty- five years, having been an industrious, hard-working man of strictly honorable character and correct morals. Eli O. Newman, his son, owes his nativity to Tuscar- awas county, Ohio, where he was born August 19, 1839, but when a very small child he was left an orphan by the death of his parents and was brought up by his uncle, John Low, of Columbiana, Ohio, with whom he made his home until he waa sixteen years of age. He then came to Indiana and worked for his brother, David, MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 377 until he was about twenty years of age at which time he began laboring in a saw- mill. On September 9, 1861, he cast aside personal considerations and enlisted in the Union service to tight his country's battles, becoming a member of Company I, Ninth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served until October 17, 1865, when he was honorably discharged at Camp Stanley in Texas. He was in the engagement at Greenbriar, W. Va., October 3, 1861, the siege of Corinth, Perryville, a skirmish at Danville, besides many other minor skirmishes in Kentucky, and at the battle of Stone Eiver he was slightly wounded by the Union artillery. He was in skirmishes at Woodbury and Readyville, Tenn., and at the latter place was promoted to corporal and detailed assistant color bearer, carrying the stars and stripes the most of the time. At Ready ville, Tenn., he had charge of eleven men who engaged one hundred rebel cavalry in a skirmish. He was also at Chickamauga, and Lookout Mountain, his regiment making a charge up the mountain in the face of a severe fire, and fought above the clouds. The next day they fought at Mission Ridge and here his regiment captured 2U0 rebel prisoners. They were then detailed to bury the dead after the battle of Chattanooga, after which they went to Whitesides, Tenn., and re-enlisted as veterans, Mr. Newman being the first man in his regiment to re-enlist. He came home on a thirty-day veteran's fur- lough, then reported to Gen. O. O. Howard, and was in the Atlanta campaign, tak- ing part in the engagements at Rocky Face Ridge, Dalton, Resaca, Kingston, Dallas, Pine Mountain, Kenesaw Mountain, Rough Station, Peach Tree Creek, siege of Atlanta, Jouesboro, Lovejoy Station, Columbia, Tenn., Franklin, NashviUe, besides many skirmishes more or less severe. His regiment was under fire for nearly four months at Atlanta. He was in the hospital at Louisville for about one month and was home on furlough one month, and with these exceptions he was on duty with his regiment and in active service until his discharge. His duties as color-bearer were very dangerous and arduous and one of the standards of colors was a silk flag presented to the regiment by General Nelson, of Kentucky. At the battle of Lovejoy Station a bullet passed through his flag, and almost the same thing happened at Resaca. At the battle of Stone River one of the color-bearers was shot and the most of the others were wounded. Mr. Newman was a brave and faithful soldier and did efficient service for his country on many a bloody battle- field. On April 27, 1862, while at home on furlough he married Caroline, daughter of Nelson and Betsy (Hoard) Moon, Mr. Moon having been born in the State of New York, and was one of the early settlers of Penn township, this county, where he and his wife reared the following children: Maria, William, Caroline, Sarah, Martha A., Emma and Nelson. Mr. and Mrs. Newman have raised five children; Clara A., Howard W., Anna H., Julius A. and Clover A. After his return from the army Mr. Newman settled down to farming and by energy and good judgment has become the owner of a fine farm of one hundred acres. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for many years he has been a stanch Republican politically, but at the present time is a Prohibitionist. He has given his children excellent educational advantages, and they all have been attendants at the Northern Indiana Normal College at Valparaiso and are now very successful teachers of St. Joseph county, with the exception of Clover, who is still attending school. As a citizen Mr. Newman has always been enterprising, indus- trious and honest, is a practical and shrewd farmer, a kind husband and father and is a man of naturally fine mind, which has been strengthened and enriched by much reading, by observation and contact with the business affairs of life. Mother Mary of St. Angela. Eliza Marie Gillespie was the eldest daughter of John M. and Mary (Myers) Gillespie, and was born in Brownsville, Penn., February 21, 1824. Her parents were remarkable for their deep piety and abiding faith, and these noble qualities were inherited by their children to the fullest extent. The head of the house was called from life when his three children, Eliza Maria, Mary (Mrs. P. B. Ewiug), and Neal Henry (the late Rev. Father Gillespie, C. S. C, of Notre 378 PICTORIAL AJSfD BIOOBAPHICAL Dame), were quite young, and with their mother the family removed to Lancaster, Ohio. Soon after Eliza Maria was placed at school with the Dominican Sisters at Somerset, Perry Co. , Ohio, and some years afterward she was sent to Georgetown Convent, where, with the Visitandines, she became a great favorite on account of her talents and brilliant qualities. She in time finished her studies, bearing off the highest honors in the gift of that institution. Tenderness for the sick and the afliicted seemed to be an iuborn trait with her and as years advanced it developed in a remarkable degree. When the news of the famine in Ireland reached her ears, she resorted to many expedients to obtain aid for the sufferers, and succeeded in col- lecting no mean sura of money to forward to the sufferers, through the agency of her needle and pen, writing a magazine story in connection with Miss Ellen Ewing, now the widow of Gen. Sherman. When the Asiatic cholera broke out everywhere in the United States in IS-tQ, instead of shrinking at its approach. Miss Gillespie did not hesitate to attend and nurse the sick and dying who had been deserted out of fear of the fatal disease. The year 1853 marked the date of her entrance into the Con- gregation of the Holy Cross, and thenceforward she was known by the name now so familiar to the religious and educational world — "Mother Angela. " Directly after her reception of the holy habit, which was on the Feast of the Patronage of St. Joseph, 1853, she sailed for Europe, made her novitiate in France, and on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception of the same year took the vows of religious profession at the hands of Very Rev. Father Moreau, the founder of the Congre- gation of the Holy Cross. In January, 1855, she returned to America and was made superior of the Academy of St. Mary's, Bertrand, Mich. This school, which had been doing good service for eight years, now took a decided step in advance. In the following summer the Sisters were transferred from Bertrand to the present site of St. Mary's, and the academy was chartered, the foundation of the present Con- servatory of Music was laid, the art department was fairly started, in fact, the future of St. Mary's was established on a firm foundation, and all chiefly owing to the liberal, intelligent and indefatigable exertions, to the executive ability, to the quick comprehension and tact to make the best use of circumstances, and last, though not least of all, to the earnest faith of Mother Angela. To Mother Angela there was nothing ignoble in the most common offices, the meanest labor when done for God. Although St. Mary's was destined to weather many fierce storms for ex- istence, especially during its early days, the faith and persistent efforts of the little society brought it safely through. Under Mother Angela's notable co-operation with Father Sorin's designs, foundations were established in various parts of the Union, so that it is not exaggeration to say that at the present time her influence is felt from ocean to ocean, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico, in the schools which have been established by the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and through the method of education adopted and perfected under her wise superintendence. The best minds of the day recognize the fact that Mother Angela's enterprise was in the right direction, and they reposed the greatest confidence in her judgment and opinions. The high standard which she held up to her teachers, the conscientious motives which actuated her in her determination to render the schools of the Holy Cross the very best in the land, the avidity with which she laid hold of every means to exalt and perfect the system of education employed, exerted a mighty influence, not only upon the Congregation of the Holy Cross, but outside of the community. It gave an impetus to the very best in the educational world. During the Civil war Mother Angela took her band of devoted Sisters into the midst of carnage and deso- lation of the border States where the fierce contest was at its height, to prepare food for the sick, and they were obliged to rise very early and cook their gruel for 1,400 patients before " roll call. " A volume could be filled with the most interest- ing details, but suffice it to say that they not only rendered physical aid but also at- tended to the spiritual wants of unnumbered souls in their dying hour. Directly or indirectly through Mother Angela's energetic fervor, outside institutions were MEMOIRS OF INDIAHA. 379 established at the following places: Baltimore, Md. ; Michigan City, Ind. ; Morris, 111. ; Washington, D. C. ; Rensselaer, Ind. ; Logansport, lud. ; South Bend, Ind. ; La Porte, Ind. ; Allen county, lud. ; Plymouth, Ind. ; Crawfordsville, Ind. ; Alexandria, Va. ; Austin, Tex.; Cairo, 111.; Salt Lake City, Utah; Watertown, Wis.; Lancaster, Penn. ; Ogden, Utah; Union City, Ind.; Anderson, Ind. ; Marshall, Tex. ; Goshen, Ind.; Elkhart, Ind.; Park City, Utah; Deadwood, Dak.; Mt. Carmel and Columbus, Ohio. More than one institution was established in a number of these cities. In the summer 1886 Mother Angela went to take possession of St. Mary's of the Holy Rosary, at Woodland, Cal., but the foregoing list is but a small index of the grand volume of her life-work and does little more than point to a lifetime of incredible zeal and charity. After the war Mother Angela was called upon to assist Very Rev. Edward Sorin in the publication of the Ave Maria, of which he was the founder. The success of the establishment of St. Mary's Academy at Salt Lake City, where they were long compelled to remain under the protection of the Govern- ment, is one of the strongest proofs of Mother Angela's sagacity, and of her broad, heroic charity. Instances of these qualities might be found in nearly every school she established. At St. Mary's, however, every object is alive with her impress, especially in the musical and art departments. Although she is passed from life, she still lives in those who were educated at St. Mary's. The following is quoted from one of her former pupils: "The papers say many beautiful and glorious things of dear Mother Angela's brilliant talents and useful career, but we know her deeply religious character. Her self-sacrifice, her pure intention and zeal for the glory of God are better before the throne of God than all the praises the world can possibly bestow. " John S. Ernst is one of the leading farmers of Penn township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., and has followed this calling from his earliest boyhood, being initiated into its mysteries by his father, Martin Ernst, who was born at Baden Baden, Germany, where he was married to Justina Scholer, who was also a native of Baden Baden. They came to America in search of a fortune in 1833 and settled on a farm near Rochester, N. Y. , where they resided eight years, then moved to Superior county, Canada, where nineteen years were spent on a farm of 100 acres. In 1865 they decided to remove to the States and they accordingly bought 160 acres of land about three miles south of Mishawaka, on which the father lived until his career was closed by death in 1867, when fifty-four years of age. He was a man of great in- dustry and, like all his countrymen, was prudent and economical and strictly hon- orable in all his business transactions; in fact, was a model German-American citi- zen. He and his wife were devout Catholics and in this belief they reared their five children: John S.; Joseph; Elizabeth; Madeline, who died a married woman; and Ludwig, who died at the age of six years. John S. Ernst was born near Roch- ester, N. Y. , February 14, 1835, and was about six years of age when he went with his parents to Canada. He received a practical education in both German and English in the Dominion. He also came to St. Joseph county in 1865, and after the death of his father he settled on half of the homestead, which he farmed with excellent re- sults for nineteen years, but since 1882 has resided on his present farm of 155 acres, which is nicely improved and for which he paid $12,400. His prosperity is due to hard work and thrift, and being public spirited and strictly honorable he is with reason considered one of the substantial and responsible citizens of the county. He is a thoroughly practical farmer and is in every way worthy the respect that is ac- corded him, for he is in every sense of the world self-made and his word is consid- ered as good as his bond. January 20, 1867, he was married to Magdalina, daugh- ter of Jacob and Mary (Bucheit) Bucheit, and the fruits of their union were nine children: Mary, Justina, Rosa, Leo, Matilda, Frank, John (who died in infancy), August and Isabelle, all of whom have received educational advantages and made the most of their opportunities. He and his wife are worthy members of the Catho- lic Church, and it may with truth be said that such citizens are a direct benefit to 880 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL the community, for by their industry and good habits they assist in developing the country and rear honorable families. JosEPHEUS Neff, a member of the Nappanee Implement Company, was born December 30, 1861, on his father's farm in Jackson township, this county, and like most country boj's he attended the district school in winter and assisted his father with the farm work during the summer months. He continued under the parental roof until of age, when he started out to fight his own way in life. He first settled on a farm in JefFersou township, Kosciusko county, improved this farm in every way and subsequently sold to advantage and moved to Nappanee in 1890. Until the spring of 1891 he was with Paxton Bros., general implement dealers, and he then formed a partnership with Mr. French. During the summer and fall of the same year he and his partner built a large double store and salesroom, which they stocked with all the latest and most improved farm machinery and hardware. They are honorable, conscientious business men and have ah'eady built up a large trade in their line. Mr. Neff is a practical and experienced man, thoroughly conversant ■with every detail of his business, and is highly esteemed throughout mercantile cir- cles for his many exemplary traits of character, promptness and reliability. He was the only child born to John and Anna (Lisle) Neff, the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Elkhart county, Ind. John Neff was the son of Henry Neff, who came to Indiana at an early day, being among the pioneer settlers of Elkhart county. The mother of our subject was a daughter of John Lisle, also a pioneer of this county. She was one of three children by her father's first marriage, and her In-others were Josepheus, deceased, and Josiah living in Iowa. Her father married the second time and by this union became the father of sis children. Our subject was but six months old when he was left motherless and his father was married the second time to Miss Elizabeth Geyer and reared six sons and three daughters: Calvin, Levi, Alpheus, Eollo, Loydand Burton, and Ida, Emma and Nettie. Both Mr. and Mrs. Neff are living and have a good farm in Jackson township, this county. Josepheus Neff's marriage with Miss Katie Smith, who was born in 1862, was solemnized in 1883, and one bright little child has blessed this union, Gracie, ^vhose birth occurred July 22, 1888. Sirs. Neff's parents, Jacob and Elizabeth (Fischer) Smith, were natives of Pennsylvania and Canada, respectively, and early pioneers of Elkhart county. Both are now deceased. They were the parents of eight children, four sons and foixr daughters: Samuel, John, Frank, Jesse, Susan, Ludia, Kate and Ella. The latter married George Whitehead and died at the age of twenty three years. The remainder of the children are living, the boys on farms in Jackson township and the girls all married and living not far from the old home. Mr. Neff is one of the push- ing, energetic young business men of Nappanee and is quite a favorite in business and social circles. In politics he is a Democrat. E. W. KiGER, Osceola, Ind. Our subject is one of the old settlers of St. Joseph county, Ind., of German-English descent. His great-grandfather, Peter Kiger, was a native of Pennsylvania, married and had the following family: Peggy, Mary, Jesse, Henry, Jacob and Peter. The occupation of Mr. Kiger was farming, and his death occurred in the Keystone State. Peter Kiger, Jr., son of the above and the grandfather of our subject, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., married there Cath- erine Farce, daughter of William Farce, who belonged to the same family as the Wilberforce family. Peter Kiger and wife were the parents of fourteen children, as follows: Sarah, who died when a young woman; Jacob, who died when a young man; W'illiam, who died when an infant; Henry, Jesse P., Peter, Ebeueezer, Abra- ham, James, Eliza, Katie A., Hannah (deceased), Jane and Minerva. Peter Kiger left Pennsylvania and settled at Cadiz, Ohio, where he remained some years and then moved to Wayne county, Ohio, where he bought 160 acres of laud, for which he paid $480. He settled in the woods before any one else had come there, cleared up a good farm, made improvements, passed there the remainder of his days and died in 1850, seventy-six years of age. Both Mr. and Mrs. Kiger were members MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 383 of the Methodist Church, and Mr. Kiger was a substantial pioneer farmer and at his death left one of the best farms in Wayne county. He was a hard working and upright citizen, respected by all. Abraham Kiger, father of our subject, was born October 6, 1825, in Wayne county. He received the pioneer education of those days, in an old log school-house, with split logs for benches, and the reading books for the pupils were the New Testament and the Columbian Orator. He attended school during the winter season for several years, and thus learned a com- mon-school education. He learned to work on the farm, and thus grew to manhood, and February 29, 1849, he married Caroline Hoffheimer, daughter of John and Mary Hoffheimer, of a Pennsylvania-German family, who were olcl settlers of Medina county, Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Kiger were boin sis children: Julian, who died the age of eleven years; Malinda, who died after marriage; Marcellus, who died at the age of seven years; Mary E., who died at the age of two years; Ephraim, who died an infant; and Ephraim W. Mr. Kiger remained on the home farm until after the death of his parents, in 1852, coming to St. Joseph county and settling north- west of South Bend, where he lived for two years on the St. Joseph River, four miles from South Bend. Then he bought eighty acres next to the Portage Chapel, cleared up this farm from the wilderness and liought six acres more. In 1863 he moved to Berrian county, Mich., lived there two years and then returned to St. Joseph county and lived for six years, one mile east of Mishawiika, and then lived for twelve years three miles south of 0.sceola. In 1863 he bought ninety acres of land which con- stituted his present farm, and on this he has made good improvements. Mrs. Kiger died June 12, 1891, a devout member of the Methodist Church, of which Mr. Kiger is also a member, and in which he has been a class-leader for fifteen years. Mr. Kiger has always been a man of active mind, and until the formation of the Greenback party had always voted the Democratic ticket. In later years he has voted the Prohibition ticket. He has passed a life of industry and reaps the reward, possess- ing a good farm and residence, is in comfortable circumstances; stands deservedly high as an honorable citizen, and is a vigorous and line example of an American pioneer farmer. Ephraim W. , son of the above, and our subject, was born July 15, 1856, on his father's farm north of South Bend, was reared a farmer and received the common-school education of the district. Later he supplemented this with a season at the Normal School at Valparaiso, Ind. , taught school in this county for three terms and then engaged in farming and in the agricultural implement business in connection with it. Now our subject is engaged in the breeding and raising of fast horses, owning at the present time two of the fastest horses in St. Joseph county, one of which, the stallion, '' S. W. Bennett," son of "Pilot Medium," is a standard- bred trotting horse, and is the fastest stallion in St. Joseph county, having a record of 2:23^ on a half-mile track. His mare, "Betty K.," standard and registered, with a record of 2:26^ on a mile track, is another fine animal. Mr. Kiger is now devoting his attention to the horse business, which he intends to develop. He is a man of education, great intelligence and excellent business ability, and as his per- sonal habits are above reproach, never having indulged in either beer, whisky or tobacco, he is worthy to be considered one of the best citizens of this fine old county. Although he votes the Democratic ticket, he takes but little interest in local politics. On April 8. 1877, he married Olive Teel, daughter of Simeon and Mary (Nossinger) Teel. Simeon Teel was born in Union county, Ohio, March 13, 1820. His grand- father came from Germany to England, thence to America and settled in Lancaster county, Penn. He had three sons, Adam, Alexander and Benjamin, one of whom became the father of Simeon. The grandfather took part in the Revolutionary war. Simeon married Mary Hoffsinger, daughter of Joseph and grand- daughter of Andrew Hoffsinger, who was the first settler in Elkhart county, in 1825. The Teel family was as follows: Nancy J., Annetta A., Laura A., Emma, Mary O. , William M. , Ella N. and Edith A. Mr. Teel settled in Elkhart county, Ind., there became a promi- nent farmer and died March 6, 1888. Both Mr. and Mrs. Teel were members of 384 PICTORIAL AND BIOGHAPHICAL the United Brethren Church. Mr. and Mrs. Kiger have one daughter, Maud, born October 1, 1886. Mrs. Kiger is a member of the Methodist Church. Mr. Kiger is a substantial man and stands high as a citizen, is well known throughout the county and has an enviable reputation for integrity of character. In 1892 he founded the Walnut Valley Stock farm. This is pleasantly located south ot Osceola, and has excellent facilities for becoming widely known. Francis M. JacKSON, deputy prosecuting attorney for the Thirty- second Judicial Division, embracing St. Joseph and La Porte counties. The bar of South Bend, Ind., contains among its members manj' of the brightest, most learned and most pro- ficient lawyers in the country. Some of them are prominent in political life as well as in the professional arena, and many of them are identified with the public insti- tutions and business corporations of the citj'. Such an one is Francis M. Jackson, who was born in German township of this county March 6, 1864, son of William O. Jackson, a successful tiller of the soil of German township, who was born in Ohio, was brought to St. Joseph county, Ind., and is now fifty-seven years of age. His wife was formerly Miss Elizabeth Chamberlain, a native of Ohio also, who be- came a resident of this State and count}' when twelve years of age. Francis M. Jackson was the fourth of eight children born to this worthy couple, spent his early life in discharging sach duties as fall to the lot of the farmer's boy, and after re- ceiving a practical education in the schools of the rural district, he spent one year iu the Valparaiso Normal School. Immediately following this he began teaching at the Stover School -house iu Clay township, but in the summer of 1884 entered upon the study of law at Valparaiso. In order to ijrocure means with which to pursue his studies, he again taught school in the winter of 1884-5, following that occu- pation with success in Green township of this county. In the summer of 1885 he came to South Bend and read law iu the office of J. P. Creed, after which he spent one year in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, pursuing his legal studies. In the spring of 1886 he was admitted to the St. Joseph county bar and immedi- ately thereafter opened an ofiice, hung out his shingle and waited for clients. His period of probation was not long, however, and he was soon in the enjoyment of a fair practice, but in 1887 he decided to go to Great Bend, Kan., and there he remained until the fall of the following year. He then returned to South Bend and formed a co-partnership with Hon. T. E. Howard, which continued until April, 1891. At this time, on account of ill health, M. P. D. Connolly, prosecuting attorney of this di.strict, was compelled to give up his duties and Mr. Jackson took charge of all the business of the office. He has been a valuable factor in the district government, and in all his relations has exhibited true citizenship and a zealous adherence to correct and conservative principles. In 1890 Miss Belle L. Judie became his wife, she being a native of the county, a daughter of Paul Judie, and a former pupil of Mr. Jackson's. The latter has always supported the principles of Democracy, and socially is a member of South Bend Lodge, No. 29, of the I. O. O. F., the Red Men and the Royal Arcanum. His career thus far has been one of gratifying success, and his record in the past will insure him a successful future. J.icoB Hose is a substantial citizen of St. Joseph county, Ind., and from early boyhood has devoted his attention to farming interests, being now the owner of an excellent tract of laud comprising 100 acres, which is the result of earnest and per- sistent toil, as well as progressive and enlightened views. His father, Peter Hose, came from Germany, but prior to that time had married Elizabeth Freese, by whom he became the father of seven children: Peter, Jacob, John, Henry, Christian, Philip and Elizabeth. After spending some time in the State of New York, Mr. Hose removed to Ohio aud from there to St. Joseph county, Ind. , about 1852, settling on a small farm on which he made his home until after the great Civil war, when he removed to Shelby county. Mo. , where he was called from life at the age of seventy years. His first wife died in St. Joseph county and he afterward married again. He was a member of the German Presbyterian Church, and an Indus- MEM0IR8 OF INDIANA. 386 trious aad upright citizen. Jacob Hose first saw the light of day in the State of New York and when about nine years of age came to St. Joseph county, Ind., with his parents and in the district schools of this section he acquired a practical educa- tion, sufficient to tit him foi' the successful conduct of his business. Having been brought up to a knowledge of farm work he began working out for the different farmers of the neighborhood at the age of thirteen years, continuing thus employed until the firing on Fort Sumter. However, his youth prevented him from entering the service until December 14, 1863, when he became a member of Company D., One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, enlisting at Mish- awaka and serving until honorably discharged May 27, 1865, at Jefferson Hospital, where he had been for some time on account of a gunshot wound which he had re- ceived and which eventually resulted in a stiff knee. He was in the engagements of Lost Mountain, Tenn., Atlanta, Peach Tree Creek, Buzzard Roost and Franklin, Tenn. , where he received his wound. He was carried off the field about dark and taken to Nashville, by ambulance, eighteen miles away and from there to Louisville, Ky., thence to Jeffersonville Hospital, Indianapolis, where he remained until dis- charged. The ball was removed from his knee after his return home, after he had car- ried it one year and nine mouths. He was one of tlie faithful soldiers of the war, and about one month before his discharge had been promoted to the position of ser- geant. While in the service he was sick with small-pox for about one month. He was disabled for about three years after the war, but at the end of that time rented a small farm, and April 23, 1868, led to the altar Miss Sarah J., daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Byrkett) Akins, who presented him with a family of six children: Charles, Cora, Flora, William W., Gracie B., James M., and two children that died in infancy. After residing on rented land for a short time Mr. Hose purchased -10 acres in Penn township, on which his home continued to be for five years, at the end of which time he settled in Mishawaka and followed the calling of a teamster. Upon dis- posing of his real estate he bought his present property, or rather a portion of it, but increased it by subsequent purchase and is now the owner of a fertile and well- improved farm of 100 acres, on which he has a comfortable residence and where he makes a good living. As a citizen he stands deservedly high in the estimation of his fellows, and he is also a kind husband and father and an excellent neighbor. His children are intelligent and well educated, a credit to himself and wife, and give every promise of becoming substantial and law-abiding citizens. Mr. Hose's judgment has led him to support Republican principles on all occasions, and he and his amiable wife have long been members of the Methodist Church. Clanden K. Curtis, a substantial farmer of Union township, Elkhart Co., Ind., resides in the northeastern part of the township, eight and one-half miles from Goshen, where he receives his mail. He was born in Canada West, or Ontario, July 27, 1850, and was the eldest son born to B. S. and Elizabeth (Kupland) Curtis. B. S. Curtis was a native of Orange county, N. Y., born May 20. 1815, and the son of Gad and Mary (Hitchcock) Curtis. Gad Curtis was a New Yorker by birth, born March. 1791, and was reared and married in his native State. Soon after his mar- riage he went to Canada, and reared a family of children, five of whom were boys, viz. : Burtin S. ; Clanden; Julia, who married a Mr. Jacob Wismer; Gad; Milin; Margaret and Moses. Of these children our subject's father was the eldest. The Curtis family is of English origin. Gad Curtis served in the War of 1812, and lived to a good old age, passing away in 1869. He was a strong and powerful man, even in his old age. His wife was a New York lady, and she, too. lived to an advanced age. The family emigrated to Canada at an early day, and there the children grew up, married, and scattered. The second son, Clanden, became a minister of the Evangelical Association. He has reared a family, and still lives in New York State. Julia is a member of the Church of England. B. S. Curtis, father of subject, was married in Canada, and there made his home until 1857. He was a potter by trade. While a resident of Canada he was quite prominent in politics, was justice of the 386 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL peace for about twelve years, and held other local positions. In 1857 he emigrated to Olive township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and settled on a farm of 100 acres which was partly improved. Previous to this, in 18-45, while residing in Canada, he became a minister of the Gospel, and was active in this noble work for twenty years. In the year 1864 he enlisted as chaplain of the One Hundred and Forty-second Indiana, and remained with that regiment until the close of the war. He was in a number of prominent engagements, and served his country faithfully. Returning from the war, he turned his attention to the improvement of his farm. He also carried on his ministerial duties for a number of years. After residing in Elkhart county, Ind., for twenty-two years, he passed to his final reward on October 20, 188C. In politics he was a " black Abolitionist," bitter against slavery, and a firm believer in the rights of the negro to have freedom. After coming to this country he held no public offices, but was ever a public-spirited man, interested in educational as well as re- ligious affairs. Socially he was a Master Mason. In 1880 he left Elkhart county, went to La Grange cjuaty, this State, and later to Reed City, Mich., where he died. He was a man of some property and was generous and free hearted, giving freely of his means to support all good enterprises. His wife was a native of Canada, and the eldest of four children born to Mr. Kupland, the other children being Elizabeth, Susan and Levi. Her death occurred in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis were the parents of seven children, two dying when small; Clara, now Mrs. Frank; Freedman; Susan died when small; Leah, married Joseph Musser. and they make their home in Harrison township, this county; Elizabeth, married and resides in Van Buren county, Mich., on a farm (she has a family); Berton, died when a small boy; Clanden (subject), and Julia. The latter resides in Branch county, Mich., and mar- ried Adam Heltzel, a farmer. They have a family. Clanden K. Curtis remained in Canada until seven years of age, and then came with his parents to Indiana. His early days were passed on the farm and in the school room, and when nineteen years of age he started out to make his own way in life. As he had been reared to farm- ing, it was but natural perhaps that he should choose that as his occupation in life, and he engaged in tilling the soil on his father's place. Later he moved to another county, resided there for eight years, and then returned to this county, where he settled in Union township on a farm of 208 acres. He has now resided on this place for about thirteen years, and it is one of the best improved places in the county, and the largest tract owned in the township. Farming and stockraising have been his chief occupation, and he has met with good success. For sixteen years Mr. Cur- tis has been a member of the Mennonite Brethren in Christ, and for the past eight or nine years he has been preaching, part of the time in Michigan, where he now has a charge. He devoted a large part of his time to the church, and hopes in the future to devote his entire time to the good work. In politics Mr. Curtis is a Republican, and is deeply interested in the affairs of his State and country, particularly in edu- cational matters. He was married in June, 1869, to Miss Leah Blosser, a native of Mahoning county, Ohio, born November 27, 1850, and one of eight children born to Reuben and Barbara (Metsler) Blosser. Her brothers and sisters were named as follows: John. Tobias, Abraham, Peter, Elizabeth, Samuel, Scott and Noah. All but John, Tobias and Samuel, are still living. When fifteen j-ears of age Mrs. Curtis went to Canada with her mother, her father having died many years before, and settled on a farm. In 1869 she was married to Mr. Curtis. She was a member of the Mennonite Church, and died on January 25, 1879, leaving four children; Lucinda, who was born in 1870, and who is now the wife of Samuel Hoover, of Harrison township, and the mother of one child, Armilla, who was born December 3, 1891; Ella, who was born August 22, 1871, and is now in Chicago; Joseph, born June 3, 1873, is at home: and Barbara, born May 22, 1877, is at home. Mr. Curtis was married September 22, 18 — , to Miss Rebecca Blosser, a cousin of his first wife, and a daughter of Peter and Mary A. (Reed) Blosser. Mrs. Curtis was born October 27, 1850, in Mahoning county, Ohio, and was one of three children, the others being Amos and Susan. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 387 She came to this county with her parents about forty years ago, and her father died in 1855 or 1860. To Mr. and Mrs. Curtis have been born six children, as follows: Viola, born October 8, 1882; Eva C, born February 14, 1884; Otho, born February 12, 1886; Euel M., born September 20, 1889; and a boy baby, born June 4, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. Curtis are among the representative citizens of the county and are highly esteemed by all. Jacob Ebv. The farming class of America and especially of the northern tier of States, is noted for the degree of intelligence that is possessed among its repre- sentatives. Mr. Eby belongs to one of the most progressive of families and as a tiller of the soil, as well as in other respects, he has endeavored to keep out of old grooves and has always favored the adoption of new and improved methods in con- ducting his operations. The family originated in Switzerland and were Catholics. A well-defined tradition in the family relates that at one time there were five brothers of the name liviag in Switzerland and all were Catholics, but one who was a Mennonite, which sect was greatly persecuted in Switzerland, and many of its followers found homes in the wilderness of Pennsylvania, and among them was the founder of the Eby family in America. The family resided in Pennsylvania for generations and there John Eby, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, fol- lowed the calling of a blacksmith and was married to a Miss Lehmy, their children, Peter and David, being the only ones of their family that are remembered. David Eby, son of John, was born in Pennsylvania and was but twelve years of age when he started out to make his own way in the world, and in 1807 went to Canada with a party of eleven other men, five of which company are remembered: Benjamin and Samuel Eby, distant relatives of David; Joseph Snyder; Peter and Daniel Erb, three of whom were married men and the rest single. They were all Mennonites and settled in ^Vaterloo township, Waterloo Co., Ontario, and the city of Berlin now stands on the' ground which was taken by Benjamin Eb}\ David Eby was married there to Elizabeth Bechtel, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Allabaugh) Bechtel, and after his marriage settled on and cleared up a good farm from the dense timber with which it was covered. It consisted of 330 acres, and besides this he owned 200 acres in the township of Woolwich. Mr. and Mrs. Eby became the parents of eleven children: Joseph, Mary, Mattie, Jacob, Anuie,Elizabetli, Fronica, Susan, David, Elias and Enoch. Joseph Bectel, the maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a Mennonite preacher; Benjamin Eby was a bishop in the church and Samuel Eby was an elder, and together they established a church in their settlement which flourished, and at the death of Benjamin Eby, about 1850, there were 1,100 members, nearly all of whom were converted through the instru- mentality of these humble followers of Christ. David Eby died at the age of sev- enty-five years in March, 1855, leaving a goodly property and an unsullied name as a heritage to his children, before whom he always set a good example, and to whom he was a kind and faithful father. His farm is now very valuable, as it is close to the city of Berlin, and is owned by David Eby and his sons and is valued at about $100,000. Jacob Eby was born on the old homestead in Canada, October 18, 1815, and, owing to the primitive condition of the country during his youth, he received a very limited education, his studies being mainly pursued of evenings by the old- fashioned fireplace. Like many of the early pioneers he was hand}' with tools and worked at carpentering, blacksmithing and the mason's trade. When he was a young man wild game was very plentiful, and as he was skillful in the use of the rifle, and very fond of the sport, much of his leisure was spent in the chase. He kept an account of the game killed and brought down 46 deer, 7 wolves, 2 bear and shot and trapped 100 foxes. Coon, mink, martin, fish, otter and wildcat also fell victims to his skill. Two of the wildcats that bo killed were as large as a common dog. When a young man he and his dog were one day in a field near some heavy timl)er in Canada, where several men were chopping wood, when a half-grown black bear came through the trees, but becoming frightened by the shouts of the men, 388 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL turned and came through the field. Mr. Eby waited for it and at the right moment attacked it with knife and club and with the help of the dog, which was large and strong, killed it. On another occasion, when he was going into the woods to split posts he saw a full-grown wolf asleep in a fallen tree top, whereupon he threw his ax, struck it fairly and killed it. April 7, 1840, he was married to Polly Bingaman, a daughter of John and Hannah (Berkey) Bingaman, her father being of Pennsyl- vania Dutch stock. He cleared a good farm of 100 acres and was accidentally killed by the falling of a large limb from a burning tree when about seventy years of age. He and his wife were Mennonites and the parents of the following family: Judith, Esther, Susanna, Hannah, Eunice, Catherine, Mary, Magdaline, John, Sal- lie and Isaac. Eight children have been born toMr. and Mrs. Eby: Enoch; Simon, who died at the age of twenty-one years; Seth; Cyrus; Jacob; John; Joseph and Noah. After his marriage Mr. Eby settled seven miles north of his father's home- stead on a 200-acre tract of wild laud for which he paid $750, and here he lived and worked hard until 1860, when he came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , and bought 2S0 acres of land, 80 of which were cleared. He has improved the remainder by thrift and perseverance and added to his original purchase until he at one time owned 700 acres, all of which he has given to his children, except 280 acres. He and his wife have been life-long members of the Mennonite church, but have liber- ally assisted other churches with their means. He contributed money toward build- ing two Mennonite Churches in his vicinity, as well as for the Catholic and Baptist Churches of Mishawaka. He is generous and highminded, broad in his views and well posted on all topics. His sons are all settled near him and are in good circum- stances: Enoch, who is farming near Tippecanoe Lake. Ind., married Keziah Wendy and has three children: Seth farms near Bangor, Mich., married Hannah Herrington and has two children; Cyrus is a farmer near the old home, is married to Annie Wenger and has seveu children; Jacob also farms near'home, is married to Elizabeth Wenger and has eight children ; John is a farmer, is married to Harriet Weaver and has two children; Noah farms, is married to Laura Moon, by whom he has two children; Joseph is at home. Mr. and Mrs. Eby have two great-grand- children. Their granddaughter, Hannah Eby, daughter of Enoch, married Emmet Gordey and has one son, Alva Allen. John Eby, a grandson, married Mary Eby and has a sou, Walter. Mr. Eby Is a stanch Republican. Jacob B. Eby, Osceola, Ind. Our subject is one of the solid and prosperous farmers of Penn township a good citizen and a descendant of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock (see sketch of Jacob Eby). He was born on his father's farm, near Waterloo, Canada, October 12, 1851, was brought up on the farm and came with his father to St. Joseph county in 1861, on the 4th of March, being then ten years of age. He attended the common schools of the district and married, September 16, 1872. Elizalieth Wenger, born July 5, 1857, daughter of Henry and Margaret (Wan- ner) Wenger. Henry Wenger was born in Lancaster county, Penn., was a Mennonite in religion and the father of twelve children, as follows: Samuel, Maria (who died young), Ann, Elizabeth, Susannah, Daniel, Henry, Abraham, David, Mattie, Mary and Margaret. Mr. Wenger settled in Ohio at an early day, in Stark county, none of his children, except Samuel, having been born in Pennsylvania. Later he removed to Franklin county and then to Seneca county, but about 1866 he removed to Elk- hart county, Ind., and settled in Olive township on a good farm of eighty acres. He was an upright, industrious man, respected by all. He was a devoted Christian and an honored citizen. In his political faith he was a Republican. His son Samuel married Lydia Topper, is a thresher, lives in Penn township and has six children ; Ann married Cyrus Eby, a farmer of Penn township, and has seven children ; Elizabeth married Jacob B. Eby, a farmer of Penn township, and has eight children (Cyrus and Jacob B. Eby being brothers); Susan married Joseph Haun, a farmer of Madison township, and has five children; Daniel married Annie Holderman, is a farmer of Olive township in Elkhart county, and has three children; Henry married MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 389 Elizabeth Schrock, is a farmer of Olive township and has one child: Abraham mar- ried Alice Holdermau, sister to Daniel's wife, and he is a farmer of Elkhart county and has two children; David married Eva S. Loucks, is a farmer of Olive township and has one child; Mattie, yet single; Mary married Jacob H. Loucks, brother to David's wife, who is a farmer of Olive township and has two children; and Mar- garet married Martin Bloucker, a farmer of Olive township, and has one child. After marriage Jacob B. Eby settled on the old Eby homestead, where his father settled after he removed from Canada. Eight children of Mr. and Mrs. Eby are as follows: Mary, born December 2, 1873; Margaret, born March 29, 1876; Annas, born November 22, 1877; Walter, born June 26, 1880; Jacob W., born December 28, 1882; Mervin, born March 9, 1886; Ralph, born August 29, 1889, and Ira Eby, born October 13, 1892. Mr. Eby is a practical farmer, who, by industry and perseverance has acquired 120 acres of land, with excellent improvements. In 1890 he built a substantial and tasteful two-story brick residence finished in hardwood, everything handy and in good style. Mr. Eby is a self-made man and has made his own way, and his accumulations are the result of honest endeavor and hard labor. Politically he is a Republican, is a man of intelligence, takes the newspapers and keeps lip to the times, being well informed on the leading subjects of the day. His daughter Mary married, December 6, 1890, John W. Eby, a farmer of Madison town- ship, and they have one son, Walter J. Eby, who was born April 28, 1891. All of the children of our subject received good educations in the district schools and Margaret attended the normal school at Valparaiso, Ind. Mr. Eby had an experi- ence while hunting with his brothers, Seth and Cyrus, and Ensign Hummel. They came across a doe, five miles south and one mile west of his present home. Jacob and his In-other Seth raised their rifles simultaneously and both balls struck him and the doe fell dead. This was the last deer killed in this vicinity. John H. Martin, Osceola, Ind. Among the old soldiers whose life records are to be found in the annals of St. Joseph county, and whose bravery and endurance upon the battlefield and on the march is well known, is John H. Martin, one of the prominent citizens of the county. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of this section and settled five miles north of Mishawaka, where he reared his family. William, his son and father of John H. , was born in Pennsylvania, but became a resident of St. Joseph county when a boy and upon reaching manhood became a farmer and a boatman on the St. Joseph River. He married Permilla Harris, daughter of Jacob and Susanna (Hartman) Harris, the former of whom was the first white settler of Harris township. He cleared a good farm of 200 acres on which he died in 1859. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Martin resulted in the birth of seven children: George W., Jennie, John H., Mary E., Alvira, Jacob T., and Francis M. (who died at the age of six weeks, at the same time its mother died). Mr. Martin was a gold digger of 1849, crossing the plains during the great excitement and died while in the West, his wife having died a few years earlier. John H. Martin was born one mile north of South Bend, March 11, 184-1, and at the early age of seven years was left an orphan with his own way to make in the world. He therefore gained but a limited education, but succeeded in acquiring a fair knowledge of farming, which occupation he followed until he enlisted in the service of his country, August 2, 1862, becoming a member of Company K, Eighty-seventh Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, with which he served in a very faithful and praiseworthy manner for ten months, when he was honorably discharged in May, 1863, being injured by a fall in a skirmish at Nolandsville, Tenn. , which resulted in the necessary amputa- tion of his left leg, near the body, after his return home. This operation was performed in the spring of 1864, and until that time he suffered in an untold manner. In 1869 he married Lizzie Pierson, daughter of Joseph Pierson, and their union has resulted in the birth of a son, William R., who is married and living at Ogden, Utah. Mrs. Martin was called from life May 4, 1884. and Mr. Martin took for his second wife Jennie D. Norwood, who was born November 23, 1860, a daughter of Francis 390 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL A. and Nancy (Mikel) Norwood. Mr. Norwood was born in Ohio of English par- ents and when a young man became a citizen of St. Joseph county, his marriage resulting in the birth of two children: Jennie D. and Minerva A. He was a soldier in Company K, Fifty-seventh Kegiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he enlisted October 16, 1862, receiving his discharge on the 25th of February, 1863. He is now living in Osceola. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have one child, Ida M., born March 26, 1888. In 1870 Mr. Martin bought his present home, consisting of twelve acres of nicely improved land, on which he erected a substantial and tasteful residence. He devotes his land to the culture of fruit. He has always been a Republican politically, and being an honorable, upright man, a leader in all good causes he has a great many friends and is deservedly popular. He has held the offices of constable and census taker, the latter in 1890, and discharged his duties with aptitude and faithfulness. He is of the stuff of which model citizens are made, being patriotic and loyal to the core and public spirited to a degree. D. E. CoMMiNS, dentist. Perhaps no public servant deserves more grateful recognition at our hands than the dentist, and among its most successful adherents may be mentioned Dr. Cummins who is a thorough master of his art, both in its me- chanical and scientific features, and possesses an exceedingly light and gentle touch, consequently the best possible results are obtained. His office is equipped with every kind of modern apparatus which is known to the science of dentistry, and which will in any way tend to alleviate the sufferings of patients. Teeth are ex- tracted, filled and adjusted with the best skill and judgment, at prices which are al- ways very moderate. He was born in Armstrong county, Penn., September 5, 1847, to W. S. and Isabelle M. (George) Cummins, who were also Pennsylvanians. His initiatory training was received in the common schools and academy, but at the age of nineteen years he left the shelter of the parental roof and entered upon the pro- fession of dentistry, and for the first year worked for his board with his brother, S. M. After remaining with him four years he, in November, 1870, came to South Bend with about $450, and hung out his shingle to let people know what his calling was and that he desired their patronage. Although but a youth he soon built up a- fine practice and he has now the finest and best equipped office in northern Indiana. He moved from the old Colfax Building to his present commodious quarters in 1887, where his patrons immediately followed him. He is located on the corner of Col- fax avenue and Main streets, being the owner of the block in which he conducts his business, which is one of the handsomest structures in the city. He is also the owner of some valuable residence property, all of which he has acquired by his own efforts. He is not only one of the finest dentists in the State but is a shrewd busi- ness man as well, his knowledge of the business affairs of life being keen, far-seeing and practical. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the Eoj'al Arcanum and the National Union. In 1871 he was married to Miss Etta Lowry, of Elkhart, by whom he has two children: Maud and Grace. The Doctor has been a t/ustee in the Pres- byterian Church for twelve years. Politically he has always been a strong Repub- lican. Mrs. Dorothy Sandilands, Mishawaka, lud. This estimable lady is one of the pioneer residents of Mishawaka and has passed nearly all her long and honored life in this town. She was born in Liddesdale, Rocksburyshire, Scotland May 10, 1815, her ancestors having lived in that shire for many generations and were Scotch Presbyterians. Her father, George Oliver, was born in Liddesdale and by occupa- tion was a shepherd. He married Bessie Irwin and to them eight children were given: George, John, Andrew, Jesse, Dorothy, Robert, William, James, all of whom were reared on the braes of bonnie Scotland. George Oliver came to America in 1835 and brought his family with him, except three children who had preceded him, and had settled near the town of Lyons, N. Y. , and there Mr. Oliver remained for one year, then came to what is now Mishawaka, south of the river. He was very lame from the effects of a fall in Scotland many years before and could do no work after he MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 391 came to the towa, dying September 6, 1837 at the age of sixty-seven years. Throughout his life his career was marked by honesty and industry and he was accordingly highly respected. His widow survived him many years and died June 27, 18 — at the age of eighty-six years. She was a devout member of the Presby- terian Church. The daughter, Dorothy Oliver, was married to Alexander Sandilands whose birthplace was Edinboro, Scotland, where he first saw the light of day in 1806, his father bearing the same name and being a Scotch Presbyterian in religious belief. Alexander Sandilands, Jr., received a good common-school education and in his early manhood learned the wagon maker's trade in his native land, a calling he followed after coming to this country, in the city of Buffalo, N. Y. He was there married to Annie Dickey, and to them were born two children: Jane, who died at the age of seven years and Ann, who died in Kansas, a married woman, leaving three children. After the death of his wife Mr. Sandilands lived in Detroit for some time, but in 1834 became a citizen of Mishawaka, Ind., obtaining employment in an iron furnace of this place, working as a pattern and flask maker. He was very skillful, and for many years was with the St. Joseph Iron Company, after which he spent some time at making wagons and threshing machines. Both Mr. and Mrs. Sandilands were among the founders of the Presbyterian Church of this place and he was an elder and trustee in the same for many years. To them were born eight children, four of whom died in infancy. Those living are: James, who was born Oc- tober 4, 1843, married Sarah Willard, by whom he has three children and is a farmer of Boone county. Neb. ; John, born September 20, 1845; George B., born July 10, 1852, is a K. T. in the Masonic fraternity; and William A., born January 31, 1856, married Mary L. McAffee and is the father of two children. At first Mr. Sandilands was a Democrat politically, but afterward became a Republican and voted for Abraham Lincoln. He had the confidence of the people among whom he lived and for some years faithfully filled the office of town trustee. He was a conscientious Christian, a true and tried friend, a kind and considerate husband and father, and honest and upright in every thought, word and deed. He paid the last debt of nature on the 10th of January, 1871, leaving some valuable property to his widow and children. He was a strong Union man in the great struggle between the North and South, and at the last call for troops, enlisted in the same company and regiment with John Quigg, of Mishawaka — Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but was taken sick at Lookout Mountain and died of typhoid fever at Tallahassee, Tenn., October 2, 1862. He was considered an exceptionally healthy and robust young man, of a kind and generous disposition and his death was deeply mourned. Mr. Sandilands, the father, was a charter member of Mishawaka Lodge of the A. F. & A. M., in which he had attained to the Royal Arch degree. Mrs. Sandilands came to this place when there were but very few houses in the town, and can well remember many interesting scenes of pioneer days. She is a lady of great nobility of character, has gracefully grown old, and is happy in the friendship of all who know her and in the affection of her children and grandchildren. Milton McKnight, Mishawaka, Ind. The gentleman whose honored name opens this sketch is one of the oldest settlers of Penn township. The McKnight family was one of the original pioneer families of the township and all its members have been substantial and prominent citizens, having descended from sterling Scotch ancestry. John McKnight, the great-grandfather of our subject, came to America at the same time as did others of the family, settled in Virginia, married there, and became the father of James, Andrew, David, Samuel, William and Robert. They all became farmers, except Andrew, who settled in Louisville, Ky., and whose descendants grew to be wealthy people. James McKnight, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Virginia and became a farmer of Rockbridge county in that State. He married Hannah Montgomery at Raleigh, N. C, in 1792, and they were the parents of John, Betsy and David. Betsy married Anthony Defrees, of South 392 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Bend, who was a prominent man in his day. In 1814 James McKnight moved to what is now Franklin county, Ind., and settled on wild land; this place he improved and here passed the remainder of his days. John McKuight was born in Rockbridge county, Va., in 1794, was reared a farmer, and received a common-school education. When a boy of sixteen years he came with his father to Franklin county. Ind., there married Sarah, the daughter of John Tolfer, and to Mr. and Mrs. McKnight were born nine children, as follows : Betsy, James, Nancy, Hannah (deceased), Samuel, Andrew (deceased), Milton, William (deceased) and Mary. Mr. McKnight first set- tled in Franklin county, Ind., where he remained until 1834, and made there a fine farm, but in the latter year he came to St. Joseph county and settled one and one- half miles east of Mishawaka, on the north side of the St. Joseph River. Here he entered a tract of 500 acres of land, cleared up a good farm and left the same to his children. Both he and wife were members of the Presbyterian Church. He died at the age of forty-six years, having been a hard-working, industrious, pioneer citizen, much respected by all. When Mr. McKnight settled in Penn town- ship it was a primitive wilderness, with here and there the few improvements of the earlier settlers. The country presented a very beautiful and park-like appearance. Large oak trees, at a considerable distance apart, unencumbered with undergrowth, gave an open appearance to the country. The grass grew with great luxuriance; the annual tires, kindled by the Indians, cleared the country of the underbrush and enabled the grass to grow unchecked. Beautiful wild flowers bloomed from early in the spring until late in the fall and gave the plains a charming appearance. The St. Joseph River, then a much larger stream, flowed through a large stretch of country, giving excellent pasture lands along its borders. The country then was the hunter's paradise, and here the early pioneer found food for his family in addition to the pleasures of the chase. Deer and wild turkey abounded and the river was full of fish. Milton McKnight, son of the above pioneer and the subject of this sketch, was born May 3, 1833, in Franklin county, Ind., on his father's farm, received a common-school education and was reared a farmer. He was but one year of age when brought to St. Joseph county, Ind., by his parents, with whom he remained until he married. His wife was Lucinda Finch, born January 15, 1841, daughter of Sidney and Jane (Graves) Finch. Sidney Finch was an old settler of the county, coming in 1841 to Mishawaka and settling three miles northeast of the town, in Penn township. He was a prosperous farmer and became the father of Lucinda, George, Edward, Charles, Clark and Fred, a fine family of children, one of whom (George) became second lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Regi- ment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and died from the effects of army life. After marriage, Milton McKnight settled on the old homestead, of which he received ninety acres, which was partly his share and was partly purchased from one of the other heirs, and here he lived until he came to Mishawaka in 1889. Both Mr. and Mrs. McKnight are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is now a trustee in the same and has always assisted his church liberally with his means. He and his wife are the parents of two children: Robert S., born October 11, 1861, and Anthony D., born July 5, 1869. Robert married Ella Boyd and has two children, Harold A. and Lynn B., and resides on the old home farm. Anthony D. was born on the old home farm, received a common- school education, afterward attending the high school at Mishawaka, later learning telegraphy and locating at the Grand Trunk station. He remained as night operator at Mishawaka from 1887 to 1889. In 1889 he was appointed relieving agent and served about two years in this capacity and is now operator and bill clerk at Mishawaka. He is an Odd Fellow and is sec- retary of Monitor Lodge, No. 286, and has also passed the chairs of the encamp- ment. Politically he is a Republican. Both of the sons of Mr. McKnight were well educated. Our subject has passed almost the whole of his life in Penn township and is well and favorably known as a man of honorable character and a good citizen. He has always been a hard working and industrious man and has won the respect of MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 393 all with whom he has come in contact. His descendants may well take an honest pride in the sterling Scotch ancestry from which they spring. The McKnight fam- ily descends from good old colonial American stock; they are a sturdy, substantial race of well-to-do people and number among them many prominent American citi- zens. The children of John McKnight married as follows: Betsy married William Defrees; she is now a widow, living in South Bend, in comfortable circumstances and the owner of real estate. James married Eliza McCreary and has three children; is a farmer, residing two miles east of Mishawaka, and owns 300 acres of laud which is part of the old homestead. Nancy married S. F. Wood and has two children; she is a widow, living in Mishawaka. Samuel is a farmer, living one-half mile east of Mishawaka; has a farm of 109 acres, is in good circumstances, and has three children; and Maiy married Daniel McCreary, has two children and lives in Cal- ifornia. With known goodness of heart, Mr. and Mrs. McKnight have taken a little lad of two years, Frederick Finch, a nephew of Mrs. McKnight, and are rearing it as their own. Joseph Turnock. ex-sheriff of St. Joseph county, Ind. , and mauiifacturer of vin- egar, at South Bend, was born in Stoke, Staffordshire, England, September 30, 1836, a son of Benjamin and Mary (Whittaker) Turnock, who sailed for the shores of America in 1840, lauding at New York, but taking up their residence shortly after in Jersey City. The father was a builder and contractor, and in 1849 came west and settled in St. Joseph county, Ind.. near Mishawaka, where he purchased a farm, to the tilling of which he devoted his attention to the exclusion of contracting and building. He subsequently removed to Elkhart, where he died in 1877. To him- self and wife a family of thirteen children was given, three sons and two daugh- ters, living at the present time, of whom the subject of this sketch is the eldest. He was but four years of age when brought to this country and received the principal part of his education in Jersey City, but also attended school for some time uear Elk- hart. He learned the plasterer's trade in South Bend, which he followed in con- nection with contracting until the war broke out. In 1863 his name could be found on the rolls of Company H, Twelfth Indiana Cavalry, in which he served until the war terminated. He held the rank of first lieutenant on entering the service and was mustered out as captain at Vieksburg. Miss. , in 1865. He was in a number of hotly contested engagements and on one occasion, at Vienna, Ala., had his horse shot from under him. At the close of hostilities he returned to South Bend and again engaged in plastering and contracting, which occupation he continued to follow until 1872, when he was elected sheriff of St. Joseph county, and honored with a re-election in 1S74, filling the position with distinguished ability. After vacating this office he resumed contracting, but later served four years as deputy sheriff under Z. M. Johnson. In 1885 he engaged in the manufacture of vinegar, in which business he is still successfully engaged. About 1885 he was chosen lieutenant- colonel of the First Veteran Regiment of the State Militia, having also held the position of captain in the same regiment. He is now a member of the G. A. E., and has been chief of the tire department of South Bend.; also city marshal, when he succeeded in uniforming the police of the city for the first time. He is a mem- ber of the A. F. & A. M., and the K. O. T. M. He is one of the leading spirits of the city and is one of the prime movers in all public enterprises. He was married in 1859 to Miss Frances Cothrell, a daughter of Capt. Samuel L. Cothrell, by whom he has three children. Politically the Colonel is a Republican and a stanch supporter of his party. W. H. JuDKiNS, of Mishawaka, Ind., comes of an excellent family and is, him- self, one of the substantial men of his section. He is the son of Stephen H. Jud- kins, who was born in Lebanon, N. H. , in 1808, and came to this section with the Brockport colony from a town of that name in New York State in 1837. He brought his family with him and made a home for them in Mishawaka, where he established himself as a wagon maker, erecting the first wagon shop in the town, which business 394 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL be conducted successfully for twenty years. His wife was Phoebe Ann Simon, and to them four children were given: Mary, who was burned to death in 1839; William H., Melvina and Charles A., who was drowned in the St. Joseph River in 1850. Both Mr. and Mrs. Judkins were leading members of the Presbyterian Church, and among the founders of that church in Mishawaka. The men and measures of the Republican party always received the support of Mr. Judkins, but prior to its formation he was a Whig. From 1859 to 1885, when his death occurred, he was a groceryman of Mishawaka, in the conduct of which business he showed himself to be a man of keen, commercial instincts, as he has always been one of the enterprising and public-spirited men of the town. He built one of the sections of Phoenix Block in 1873. Being a man of ability and intelligence, he was elected to the position of county assessor in 1847, and in early days was marshal of Mish- awaka and one of the town trustees for several years. During the lamentable Civil war he was a strong Union man. He came from a prominent family of New England, who originally came from old England, and were among the early settlers of Lebanon, N. H. Stephen Judkins, the father of Stephen H. , died in Mishawaka in 1848. ^Villiam H. Judkins, whose name heads this biography, was born in Mishawaka, October 5, 1841, and in the schools of the town he obtained a practical education. On October 7, 1861, he responded to the need of his country and joined Company F, Forty eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in which he served faithfully three years and ten months, being honorably discharged July 15, 1865, at Louisville, Ky. In the spring of 1862 he was promoted to the position of com- missary sergeant, and in March, 1864, he was appointed quartermaster of his regiment by Gov. Morton, in which official capacity he served until Lee's surrender. He at once returned to his birthplace and was here married on October 5, 1865, to Miss Belle M. Martling, daughter of J. W. and Lucy (Peek) Martling, the former of whom is one of the old pioneer citizens of the place. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Judkins: Berthn, Edith, Warren and Alice. After the war Mr. Judkins was in the grocery business with his father until 1886, but he after- ward turned his attention to the insurance and coal business, to which he still gives his attention. Like his worthy father before him, he possesses good business qual- ifications, has made the most of his opportunities, and has been successful in the accumulation of means. In June, 1889, he was one of the principal organizers of the Mishawaka Building & Loan Association, of which he is treasurer and one of the directors. He has always been a Republican, and as he has had the confidence of the people to a marked degree, he has held the offices of clerk and treasurer of the town, and has discharged his duties in a manner that has won him universal approval. In 1870 he was assistant United States marshal, and also census enumer- ator of Madison, Penn and Harris townships, and filled the same position in 1880 for the town of Mishawaka, and Penn town-ship north of the river, and for the United States census of 1890 he took the products of industry of the manufacturing establishments of Mishawaka and South Bend. Socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., Mishawaka Lodge No. 130, and was secretary for many years. He is also a member of South Bend Comraandery No. 13, K. T., and Mishawaka Chapter No. 88, and Mishawaka Council No. 19. He belongs to the G. A. R., in which he was quartermaster two years. Both Mr. and Mrs. Judkins are members of the Presbyterian church, and for the past eighteen years he has been one of its elders. He was a delegate to the General Assembly from Indiana in 1876, at Philadelphia, Penn. He is quite active in political matters, and is deservedly popular. He has a nice residence in the town, besides owning two other houses, a part of the Phoenix Block and some valuable real estate. His daughter. Bertha E., was married in June, 1888, to Frederick G. Eberhart. Jr.. son of Adolphus Eberhart (see sketch), and his daughter, Edith, was married October 12, 1892, to D. O. Fonda. Albert McDonald. Among the photographers of northern Indiana who well deserve the appellation of " leading," it is safe to say that none are better qualified MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 395 to execute work in this line than Mr. Albert McDonald, who has become celebrated for securing to sitters before the camera a graceful, natural pose and life-like and pleasing expression. He was born in Rochester, N. Y., January 12, 1841, a sou of Daniel Sprague and Mary E. (Billings) McDonald, who were highly honored resi- dents of their section of the Empire State. The father died in Michigan at the age of sixty-eight years, and the mother in South Bend when in her seventy-sixth year. The paternal grandfather was a native of the land of "thistles and oatmeal," and upon coming to " the laud of the free aud the home of the brave," settled in New York State. Albert McDonald attended the common and select schools of his native city, but when fourteen years of age removed with his parents to Grand Rapids, Mich., from which place he came to South Bend at the age of nineteen years. In 1861 he purchased a photograph studio, at once began to perfect himself in the details of the work, and was so successful that he has followed the business ever since. He gives his personal attention to all departments of his studio and never fails to please his many patrons. He has one of the handsomest studios in Indiana, which was erected in 188fJ, having a frontage of twenty-two feet aud a depth of eighty- five feet, and is known as the "Ground Floor Studio." The rooms are spacious, handsomely and attractively fitted up, and are adorned with many beautiful speci- mens of his artistic work. He is of a decidedly practical turn of mind, enjoys a wide circle of friends and acquaintances, aud is very popular. lu 1860 Miss Susan Miller, of South Bend, a native of German township, became his wife, but died July 29, 1892, at Diamond Lake, leaviug, besides her husband, two sons to mourn their loss: Edwin C. and Harry S. Mr. McDonald is a Republican in politics, but has never been an aspirant for political preferment. Dr. John H. Grimes is one of tne prosperous young physicians of St. Joseph county, Ind., and as he is very conscientious in the discharge of his professional duties, is well up with the times in medical lore, and has the ability to apply his knowledge at the proper time and in the proper place, it is not to be wondered at that he has a large patronage. He is a son of the well-known Dr. James F. Grimes, of Mishawaka, and has inherited from his worthy father many of the qualities which have been the stepping-stones to his successful professional career. (A sketch of the Grimes family appears in the biography of Dr. James F. Grimes.) Dr. John H. Grimes was born in Mishawaka June 19, 1853, and in the schools of that town and in South Bend he obtained a good education, for he possessed a bright mind, a retentive memory and was desirous of becoming well educated. At the early age of seventeen years he began the study of medicine, under the preceptorship of his father, aud it can with truth be said that he could have had no better instructor or one who could have taken more interest in his progress. In a short time he began riding with his father throughout the country when the latter made his professional calls, and in this manner, although he merely looked on for a number of years, he gained a great deal of practical and medical experience. He entered the Bennett School of Medicine (Eclectic), of Chicago, and graduated from this institution in 1878, after which he entered at once upon his practice in Mishawaka. After two years of actual experience as a practitioner of the "healing art," he returned to Chicago and took a one-year's course in his alma mater, and as he most diligently applied himself to his books he tiius obtained a very thorough medical education. He continued to be associated in the practice of medicine with his father for eleven years, as an equal partner, but since January, 1889, he has pursued his calling on his own account. He has built up a practice that is exceptionally large, aud in the treatment of his cases he has been uniformly successful. He is a very active and zealous worker in the cause of afflicted humanity, and is kept busy almost day and night. He is a patron of the leading medical publications and has a medical library of considerable value, where his leisure time is spent in studying, for he believes it the duty of every physician to keep abreast of the times in his profession. January 27, 1884, he was married to Miss Rose F. Fisher, a daughter of John and Eva 396 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL (Bert) Fisher, and to their union two children have been given: Fred A. and Carrie M. Socially Dr. Grimes is a member of the Kniglits of Maccabees and is examining physician of the order. Politically he is a Eepublicaa. He is one of the popular professional men of the county, and with reason is considered one of her leading citizens. John J. McDonald. The career of Mr. McDonald presents an example of industry, perseverance and good management, rewarded by substantial results well worthy the imitation of all who start out in life as he did, with no capital except a good constitution and liberal supply of pluck and energy. He came originally from that grand old State, Virginia, born in Berkeley county, February 18, 1826, and was the eldest of four children born to Charles and Rebecca (White) McDonald. Charles McDonald was a native Virginian, born about 1800, and was married in that State. In the year 1837 he moved to Ohio, settled in Clark county, and there his death occurred ten years later. In politics he was a Whig, and left his native State because he was opposed to slavery. He made a good home, was a kind and industri- ous man, and one who was very popular. His wife was also born in the Old Domin- ion, and was the daughter of an early pioneer of that State. She died in Clark county, Ohio, three years after her husband, and was a member of the Society of Friends. They were the parents of five children, three of whom are living: Jane, who married Aaron Craig, died in Kosciusko county; Mar}' A., died in Clark county, Ohio, and was the wife of John Evans; Sarah E., married Alexander Walters (de- ceased), and resides in Marion county, Iowa; John J., subject of this sketch; and William, who lives in Piatt county. 111. The parents of these children passed through all the privations of pioneer life, both in Virginia and Ohio, and were ex- cellent people, well known in their neighborhood, and well respected by all favored with their acquaintance. The McDonalds vpere of Scotch, and the Whites of English extraction. Our subject was ten years of age when the family moved to Ohio, but well remembers the trip over the mountains, as they made the journey by wagons. He went to school both in Virginia and Ohio, and secured a good practical education in the subscription schools of that day. He assisted his father in the duties on the farm, grew to manhood on the same, and in 1850 married Miss Sarah Maxwell, daughter of Givin and Mary (Fisher) Maxwell, both natives of Virginia, and early settlers in Ohio, where they settled in Clark county. There the father worked at the shoemaker's trade, and died in 1853. In politics he was a Whig, and in religion a Methodist. He was a well-posted man for his time and day, and was progressive and enterprising. His life dated back to the beginning of the century. The mother passed away in Clark county about twelve years after the death of her husl)and, and was a member of the Protestant Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell were the parents of twelve children: Thomas, in Ohio; Frances (widow) resides in the same State; Nellie (deceased); Peter; William; Absalom; Mary; Sarah; John; Amy, and two others who died young. Of these children five are living: Sarah, born in Ohio, February 2, 1830, and grew to mature years in Clark county, where she obtained her education in the subscription schools; William, who was born Octoljer 15, 1850, married Miss Anna May, and now resides in Locke township, this county, having had three children, Ira (deceased), Iva B. and Edith May. John E., born in Ohio, December 1, 1852, married Miss Harriet Myers, and they have four children: John (deceased), Orvil, Clara and Freddie; they now live in Michigan. Martin L., born in Ohio in 1854, married Miss Sarah Bethel, and resides in Harrison township, tbis county. Elizabeth J., born Februarv 18, 1856, died October 17, 1863. Mary A., born May 9, 1858, married David Rohrer, of Elkhart, Ind., and has five children: William, Clarence, Edgar, Guy and James. Thomas H., born January 27, 1860, is now residing in Union township; he mar- ried Miss Jennie Yarian, and they have four children: Minnie, Orval, Nellie and Harvey, besides one that died. Charles I., born August 29, 1862, resides in Goshen, and is the husband of Miss Rose Pebble. Amy F., born November 30, 1864, mar- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 397 ried William Burtwbistle, aad is the mother of one child, Joy V.; they live in Xappanee. Eliza A., born March 2, 1867, married John Wisler, and they have two children: Madge and Charles; they live in Locke township. NoahF. , born October 8, 1S69, resides at borne. Laura B., born February 14, 1878, at home. Clara A., born April 30, 1875, died September 1, 1877. Of this family all but two were reared, and of those living, only the two youngest are unmarried. When Mr. Mc- Donald came to this part of Indiana he bought eighty acres, which he has since improved until it is one of the best farms in the county. In his political views Mr. McDonald is a Republican, and be has held a number of public offices, among them those of road supervisor, school director and township trustee, holding the latter office four years. He now carries on general farming, and does all his trading at Xappa- nee. Before he came to this State, he worked as a teamster on the roads in Ohio for fourteen years, and after locating in Indiana, he ran a saw-mill for twenty years on Yellow Creek. In that, as in all other enterprises attempted by him, he was successful, his success being due to honest, bard work. Eli Miller, Misbawaka, Ind. At an early day seven brothers of the name of Miller came from Germany and settled in the eastern part of the United States, and of one of these our subject is a lineal descendant. Adam Miller, Sr., the grand- father of our subject, was a descendant of one of these early settlers, and was born in Pennsylvania in 1784. He went to Ohio when a young man, where he married Sarah Prior, and settled near the city of Columbus. He was the father of thirteen children, viz.: Sarah, Mai-y, John P., Anthony, Samuel W., David D., Margaret, Adam, Elizabeth, Jacob E., Eobert D. (who died young), Eliza W. and Henry S. Six of these are still living, aged from sixty-three to eighty-eight years. The first four sons entered the ministry. In 1830 Mr. Miller came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and settled on Beardsley's Prairie, in Harris township, near the Michigan line, part of his farm being in that State. Here be made a tine farm, which be sold many years after, and removed to Misbawaka, where be resided a few years, and then settled on a farm in Elkhart county, where he spent the remainder of his days. He was well educated and was a minister in the Baptist Church, being one of the old pioneer preachers who traveled about and preached in the houses of the settlers for many miles around, and was widely known and highly esteemed. Adam Miller, Jr., his son, was the father of our subject. He was born in Ohio, January 8. 1818, and received the common education of those pioneer days. He was reared a farmer and came with bis parents to this county in 1830, and December 2,1838, married Mercy A. Mead, daughter of Eli B. and Hannah (Snyder) Mead. Eli B. Mead was born in New York, December 1, 17110, and was the son of John Mead, a member of an old colo- nial family of German descent. John Mead enlisted at the age of fifteen years as a soldier in the Revolutionary war, serving through that struggle. In an early day he left New York, and settled in Dearborn county, Ind., and in 1834 he removed to Penn township, St. Joseph county, where he remained till his death. Eli B. Mead moved with his family from Dearborn county about a year later, and settled in the same township. He was married in the State of New York, and was the father of four children, as follows: John M., Mercy A., Betsey and Catharine. By occupation he was a farmer. He died in Penn township at the age of seventy-eight years. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and an honorable and respected citizen. His wife died a few years later, in the ninetieth year of her age. After his marriage Adam Miller. Jr., settled in Harris township on a part of the old homestead, after- ward moving several times, but principally residing in Penn township. His longest residence was on a farm five miles southeast of Misbawaka, where he lived from 1853 to 1886. He was a substantial farmer and possessed 300 acres of land. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were the parents of eight children, as follows: Cyrus, who died at the age of three months; Eli; Andrew S., who died at the age of thirteen; Hannah; Lee O. ; Julius and Julia, twins, the latter of whom died at the age of three years, and Lorenzo, who died in early manhood at the age of twenty-three years. Of these. 398 PICTORIAL ^LS'D BIOGRAPHICAL Hauuah married Alonzo Smyser, and had one child. Harry L. , who is a stockman on a cattle ranch in Nebraska. Mrs. Smyser is now married to W. P. Fisher, a prominent decorator in Chicago. Dr. Lee O. Miller is a prominent dentist of Three Rivers, Mich. He married Clara S. Throp, and has one child, Jasper. He is a member of the Christian Chixreh, and Republican in politics. He is successfnl in his business, and has been a member of the city council of Three Rivere for some years. He is prominent in musical circles of that city. He is ideutitied with the K. O. T. M., K P.. Masonic and Good Templar organizations. Of the latter he was Grand counselor of his State last year, and now stands at the head of that order in Michigan as grand chief templar. Julius is a farmer on Rolling Prairie, La Porte countv, lud. He married Millie Ruth, and has two children, Edna and Llovd. He is a man of decided convictions, a zealous member of the Christian Church, a strong temperance man and a member of the Prohibition party. Lorenzo was a farmer, and married Sadie Zeller. and had one chiUl, Ira J. He was a grad- uate of the normal school at Valparaiso. Ind., a member of the Christian Church, and a young man of tine character. Both Mr. and Mrs. Miller were members of the Christian Church, in which Mr. Miller was an elder for some years. Politically he was a Democrat until the Fremont campaign, when he joined the Republican party, and voted its ticket till 1SS4, when he identified himself with the Prohibition party at its organization in Indiana. He was a strong temperance man, and ever took an active interest in the cause. He was progressive, a man of decided views, and noted for his high character. He enjoyed the confidence and respect of the people. He moved to Mishawaka in 1SS5, where he died September Ti. 1S9'2, at nearly the age of seventy-four years. Eli Miller, son of the above, and the subject of the present sketch, was born March 8, IS-iL on his grandfather Millers farm in Harris township, and has passed all of his life thus far as a resident of St. Joseph county, where he is now an honored citizen. He lirst was taught in the common schools, and then attended the Collegi- ate Institute in New Carlisle, in said county, following this with a partial course at the N. W. Christian University, now Butler University, at Indianapolis. This was siipplemeuted by a course at Eastman's National Business College, at Poughkeepsie, N, Y., and one year at Eureka College, in Illinois. During a part of this period, and for several years later, he taught in the common schools of the county, and in the New Carlisle public school for two years, as one of the principal teachers. He made farming a business exclusively till he commenced teaching, and has thus spent the time of several vacations since. Since he ceased teaching he has followed the occupation of painting and paper hanging through the summer season, and the winter seasons he has devoted to music classes and chorus work, and temperance work. In 18(59 Mr. Miller joined the order of Good Templars, and at once began to take an active inter- est in its success. He has held nearly all the offices in the subordinate lodge, and for many terms that of the presiding officer. For several years he presided over the Decrree Temple, and has been the district chief templar of his district since the adoption of the district-lodge system three years ago. He holds commissions from the order's highest officials, and has often been a delegate to his grand lodge. He is now filling the office of grand counselor for the fourth term, which is the second position in rank, and has tilled the highest office in the grand lodge of his State, that of grand chief templar, for six successive terms. Mr. Miller has four times been a delegate to the Right Worthy Grand Lodge of Good Templars, in which capacity he has visited Chicago, Richmond, Va., and Toronto, Canada. In 1S91 Mr. Miller visited Edinburgh, Scotland, as a delegate, at which session delegates were present from nearly all the civilized nations of the earth. It was a meeting of great impor- tance to the temperance cause, as the order is much the largest temperance organi- zation in the world, the most widely spread, and these delegates were among the leading workers of these nations, met in God's name to counsel together and plan more wisely for the future. In 1882 Mr. Miller began to devote much more of his MEMOIRS Of INDIANA. 401 time to temperance work. For some time he was an executive member of the Grand Temperance Council, and S. C. T. U. of Indiana. Since of age he had been a Repub- lican in politics, and was a delegate to the party's State convention in 1884, but the action of that convention against the constitutional amendment and temperance questions caused him, with numerous others, to leave the convention and party. He assisted in the organization of the Prohibition party at Indianapolis in 1884, and was nominated for auditor of State on its first ticket, and ever since has been prom- inently identified with that party. He has been nominated for county office also, and in 1892 was nominated asone of the Prohibition candidates for Presidential elector in his State. He is the leader of a Prohibition glee club of South Bend, which has done eflicient service in the north part of the State. He travels extensively as a temperance worker and lecturer for the order, and has devoted many years of his life to the temperance work, and is firm in the belief that the good cause will ultimately triumph. He is a member of the Christian Church, an honorable man of well-known integrity of character and high moral principles, and his life-long residence in St. Joseph county, his tireless and arduous labors in the greatcause, render his influence for good in the State certain and effective, for here he is be-st known and stands deservedly high in the estimation of the people. Jonas Fredrick. Like many of the representative citizens of the county Mr. Fredrick owes his nativity to the Buckeye State, born in Columbiana county, December 15, 1850, and is one of those enterprising, progressive men who have selected other pursuits outside the chosen channel of agriculture. He was the eldest of seven children born to the marriage of William and Sarah (Anglemyer) Fredrick, and the grandson of Michael Fredrick, who was a native of Pennsylvania, but one of the earliest settlers of Columbiana county, Ohio. The grandfather was a school teacher in his earlier years, but later engaged in farming, which he carried on until his death. His wife is still living and well advanced in years. They were the parents often children, as follows: John, George, Joseph, William, David, Sarah J., and others whose names are forgotten. William Fredrick, the father of our subject, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, and after his school days, married Miss Anglemyer, and settled down as a miner in the coal regions. In 1853 he moved to Hardin county, where he lived until July 5, 1880, when he was killed by the explosion of a threshing engine. He was a member of the German Baptist Church, and in politics was a Democrat. During the last years of his life he was engaged in farming and accumulated a comfortable property. He held a number of township offices and was a good citizen, ever ready to advance all worthy enter- prises. His wife was a native of Columbiana county, Ohio, born in 1830, and the daughter of Jacob Anglemyer. Mrs. Anglemyer died when her daughter was quite young, and Mr. Anglemyer married again. Mrs. Fredrick is still living on the home farm in Hardin county, Ohio, where the family settled many years ago. She is the mother of seven children: Jonas, the subject of this sketch; Harvey, who died when four years of age; William, a resident of Hardin county, Ohio; Jessie, resides in the same county; Rebecca, wife of Peter Stuckman, resides in Union township, Elkhart county; Sarah, deceased; and Alice, who marriedBenton Jones, and resides in Menton, Ohio. Jonas Fredrick spent his early life in Hardin county, and was well educated in the district schools. He then taught school for some time, and in 1872 came to Indiana, where he learned the carpenter trade at which he still con- tinues to work. However, agricultural pursuits have been his chief occupation, and the advanced manner in which he has seized every idea or principle tending to the enhanced value of his property has had considerable to do with his success in life. On December 3, 1874, he married Miss Lydia, daughter of John Anglemyer, and then settled on the farm where he now lives. This farm then consisted of eighty acres, all but ten acres being in the woods, and by industry and perseverance he has added to the original tract until he is now the owner of 120 acres, all cleared but about ten acres. His marriage resulted in the birth of eight children, all at home, 24 403 PICTORIAL AND BIOQRAPHIVAL as follows: Judie, Charles, John, Jessie, Harvey, Edith, Anna and Fannie. Mr. and Mrs. Fredrick hold membership in the German Baptist Church, and he is a deacon in the same. Mr. Fredrick is not a partisan in politics but is a public- spirited man, and one deeply interested in the progress and improvement of the country. He has held office iu the township and is a most worthy citizen. Christian Stodder is a well-to-do and prominent farmer located in Union town- ship, this county, where he was born April 14, 1845. He was one of four children, only two now living, Mrs. Neff and himself, born to the marriage of Christian and Mary (Miller) Stouder. The mother of our subject had been married previously to a Mr. Bright, and bore him five children, as follows: George W. ; David M., resid- ing in Michigan; John (deceased); William, residing in Kansas, and Mary, Mrs. Bradner, now of Union township, this county. During his youthful days our sub- ject divided his time between the duties on the farm and the duties in the school- room, receiving his education during the winter months. When about sixteen years of age he left home and began working a farm by the month. When twenty years of age he came in possession of a farm of eighty acres near Nappanee, and this he owned six or seven years, when he sold out and bought the place were he now lives. At the present time he has 124 acres of good land, well improved and with many improvements. When twenty-two years of age he married Miss Elizabeth Hohbein, a native of the Buckeye State, born September 20, 1853, and the daughter of Adam Hohbein. Mr. Hohbein was born in Germany, and was one of two children born to his parents. He was crippled when a small boy and as a consequence was not obliged to serve in the German army. He was married in the old country to Miss Catherine Horn, and shortly afterward crossed the ocean to America, settling in Mahoning county, Ohio. In 1865 they moved to Indiana, and there Mr. Hohbein has since followed the trade of tailor. He and wife are still living in Union township, and are consistent members of the German Enform Church. They have had ten children, of whom but four are living: Elizabeth (deceased), was the wife of Mr. Stouder; Hannah, the widow of John Umbaugb, resides in Union township; Louisa, married Wise, and resides on the home place; Martha, wife of William Um- baugh, resides in Union township; Christian, and a brother are deceased; Sarah, died in this State, was the wife of Jacob Wise; Peggie A., died in Ohio, and two other children died young. Mrs. Stouder was a child of thirteen years when her parents came to Indiana. She became a member of the German Baptist Church, and died in 1875, leaving one child, Emma C, now deceased, who was born in 1868. Mr. Stouder selected his second wife in the sister of his first wife, Catherine Hoh- bein, who was born in Ohio, April 6, 1853, and who became the mother of five chil- dren: Alviua, who was born October 23, 1873, and died three years later; Lydia, born October 14, 1875, died at the age of two years; William H. , born December 23, 1877, is now at home assisting on the farm; David T., born November 27, 1879, and Mary E., who was born and died in 1881. Mr. Stouder and his wife are both members of the German Baptist Church, and in politics Mr. Stouder is a Democrat. His two sons are still attending public school, and he intends to give them each a good education. On his fine and well-located farm Mr. Stouder is engaged in gen- eral farming, and is surrounded by all the comforts and many of the luxuries of life. His propertj' is the result of hard work and perseverance. He inherited land from his parents, and after settling this embarked in the saw-mill business. He was quite unfortunate at one time, for his mill was destroyed by fire, but in spite of all this he managed to make some money, and in 1870 bought the fine farm where he lives. He has added to the original tract, and improved it in so many ways that no better place is to be found in the county. Samuel C. Neff is one of the oldest native-born residents of Elkhart county, in which he now resides. He is a member of a family whose history was identified with the State in days of earlier and simpler style of living. He was born near Bristol, April 2, 1839, and was the youngest but one of a family of eleven children. MEMOIHS OF INDIANA. 403 five sons and four daughters living, born to the marriage of Henry and Anna (France) Neff, both natives of Virginia, and descendants of old Virginia stock. Henry NefP was born in Franklin county, that State, and was a son of Isaac Neff, who was also a native of the Old Dominion. Henry NefF's wife, Annie France, was a daughter of Christian France, and like himself, was of German origin. After marriage they moved from Virginia to Ohio, thence to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1834, settling on a farm near Bristol. About the year 1841 the family moved to Jackson township, this county, settled on a farm now owned bj' the youngest son, and there the father and mother died, the former at the age of seventy and the latter when eighty-three years of age. The father and mother were lifelong members of the German Baptist Church and among its most prominent and influential members. He was a man of resolute character, and of more than ordinary intelligence. His children were named as follows: Isaac, died in Kansas; Mary, married John Stud- ebaker (cousin of the large manufacturers of South Bend), and is living in Mont- gomery county, 111.; Elizabeth, wife of Adam Leutz, died in Illinois; Daniel; Susan, wife of Levi Arnold; JohnF., Henry, Samuel C. (subject), and William, who resides on the home place in Jackson township. Mr. Neff had very little means when he came to Elkhart county, but by honesty and hard work accumulated a com- fortable fortune. Samuel C. Neff was born in the northern part of the county, but when a child moved with his parents to Jackson township, where he grew to man- hood. Although his schooling was limited to the winter months, he secured a good education, and after assisting on the farm until twenty-one years of age, started out to battle his own way in life. His father gave him a farm in Marshall county, this State, but this he sold in 1870, and bought the farm on which he has lived ever since. During this time, April 2, 1863, he married Miss Lydia Stouder, who, like himself, was a native of Elkhart county, born July 19, 1843. Her parents. Christian and Mary Stouder, were among the early pioneers of the county, and of the five children born to them two are still living: Lydia and Christian; Samuel, Lucinda and Lovina are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Neff have lived in this part of the county a number of years, and nine children were born to them; two are deceased. Calvin and Marvin. Seven are living, as are also six grandchildren; four of the children are married: Mary A., wife of Mr. Levi Pippinger, and has three children; Anna, married Mr. William Birkholder, and has one child; Christian, married Miss Minnie Smith, and has one child, and Deliline, married Mr. Enos Missler, and they have one child. The unmarried children are at home. Samuel C. Neff and wife are members of the German Baptist Church, and Mr. Neff is deeply interested in church and school work, as well as everything tending toward the upbuilding of the county. He is one of the largest landholders in this part of the county, owning about five hundred and fifteen acres in Union township and a quarter section in Locke township. All his property has been accumulated by the honest sweat of his brow, and he merits the respect and confidence of all for his industry and good management. In connection with farming he is also engaged in stockraising, and is meeting with good success. His elder children are living on his various farms, and the younger are at home. George Arnold. Mr. Arnold, furniture dealer and manufacturer, isone of the fore- most business men of Nappanee, and at all times keeps a well-selected and extensive assortment of medium and the finest grades of goods. As in every thing else so in furniture it always pays to keep the best, and the establishment of Mr. Arnold has gained an excellent reputation for just methods. This gentleman was born in Stark county, Ohio, December 24, 1839, and was the seventh in order of birth of nine chil- dren born to Reuben and Mary (Harman) Arnold, both natives of Pennsylvania, the father born November 7, 1799, and the mother May 10, 1805. The Arnold family came originally from England and is remotely connected to Benedict Arnold of Revolutionary fame. Our subject's maternal grandfather, George Harman, was a soldier of the War of 1812, was wounded in a battle with the Indians and remained a cripple for life. The Harmans, for the most part, were prosperous people and 404 PICTORIAL A^'^D BIOGMAPIIIOAL many of them were quite wealthy. The parents of our subject, with three children, Sarah, Daniel and Angeline, moved from the Keystone State to Stark county, Ohio, at an early day, and there sis more children were born: Catherine, Reuben, George, Samuel, Mary and . The father settled on a farm and in connection with tilling the soil followed the wagon maker's trade for a number of years. He enjoyed con- siderable prominence as a musician and was a fifer and drummer in the militia forces of Pennsylvania. In politics he was a Democrat and in religion held strictly to the Lutheran faith, being deeply interested in church work. He made consider- able property, but never became rich, and died on his farm in 1857. The children except one are all living, one in Ohio, four in Michigan, two in Elkhart county, Ind., and one in Washington county. Ark. After the death of her husband the mother went to live with her eldest son in Michigan and there her death occurred in 1879. She was also a member of the Lutheran Church, a true Christian in every sense of the word, and one who suifered many trials and hardships. Like the majority of country boys the youthful days of our subject was passed in the school-room and in assisting his father on the farm. When eighteen years of age he began learning the carpenter's trade and followed this until twenty-one years of age, when he emi- grated to Cass county, Mich. After remaining there one year he returned to Ohio and at the end of another year enlisted in the United States army as mechanic, being stationed at Washington D. C. about two years. From there he came to Indiana, settled in South Bend, and there worked at his trade until 1867, when he went to Michigan. He was there married to Miss Catherine O. Britton, a native of Cass county, Mich., born October 9, 18-4-1, and the daughter of Thomas and Arrilla Brit- ten. Mr. Britton was a native New Yorker and an early pioneer of Cass county, Mich. He settled there a poor boy and by industry and good management amassed considerable wealth. His death occurred in 1868. The mother had died when Mrs. Arnold was but two years of age. The latter was one of three daughters: Anna, Catherine and Leuna, and was reared and educated in her native county, making her home with strangers until her marriage, her father remaining a widower. Mr. and Mrs. Arnold are church members and are active in all good work. Mr. Arnold has held a number of public offices, was justice of the peace for some time and at present is president of the city council. He takes a deep interest in everything per- taining to the welfare of the town and county and gives liberally of his means to further all worthy enterprises. He resides in the First Ward and has a pleasant and attractive home. Mr. Arnold has retired from the furniture business and intends to take up contracting and building again. He never was very extensively engaged in the furniture business. He did a great deal of building in this place prior to 1889, but at that date met with a serious accident in the collapse of a brick building, after which he went into the furniture business. Benjamin F. Price, undertaker of South Bend, Ind. There is probably no business in which the march of progress has made such wonderful advancement during the past fifty years as that of undertaking, for from a mere trade it has become a dignified profession, and it exacts from its followers not only a thorough business training, but a scientific knowledge of a high character. One of the leading establishments of South Bend, Ind., is that owned and conducted by Benjamin F. Price, who has a comfortably and decorously furnished house, in which he carries a full line of caskets and coffins of elegant design, tbough not necessarily expensive, and general funeral furnishings. All work is executed in the most expeditious manner, and everything is done that human hands can do to lessen the distress and alleviate the anxiety of relatives, while Mr. Price is at all times moderate in his charges. The business was established in 1832 by Benjamin F. Price, Sr., under- taker and cabinet maker, who was born in Union county, Penn., in October, 1807, where his boyhood days were spent in laboring on his father's farm. He was apprenticed to the cabinet maker's trade under a man named Eoberts, and while a lesident of his native State he followed that occupation, in which he acquired re- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 405 markable skill. He was married in his own county to Lucinda ^Yelch and in 1832 came with her and his eldest child, Charles W., to St. Joseph county, Ind., the entire distance to South Bend being made in a one-horse wagon. Mr. Price commenced at once to work at his trade, and in connection with furniture also conducted an undertaking business, being the first one to open such an establishment in the county. He continued this business until the town was large enough to support an exclusive undertaking establishment, when he began devoting his attention to this business alone and continued it until his death in October, 1887, since which time the business has been ably conducted by his son and namesake Benjamin F. Price, Jr., who for more than twenty years had been associated in business with his father. Mr. Price was one of the pioneer business men of South Bend and naturally contribut- ed much toward its advancement and development. He was one of the first trustees of the town, was a member of the board of health, and at the time of his death at the advanced age of eighty-one years, he was a director of the South Bend National Bank. He was an active member of the I. O. O. F., and at the time the building for that society was erected, he was appointed superintendent of construction. It was erected by a stock company of members of the order and Mr. Price was among them. The lodge has since come into possession of the building. Mrs. Price was called from this life in 1859, after having become the mother of seven children: Charles W. , John B. , Mary E. and Edward deceased, and Clara E., Sarah H. and Benja- min F. living. During the Civil war Charles W. enlisted as captain of Companj' C, Seventy-third Indiana Volunteer Infantry, in 1861, and served two years. He was wounded in one of the engagements in which his company participated and returned home on furlough. After recovering he rejoined his company at Indianapolis where he was killed in 1863 by a large timber falling upon him, the company at that time doing guard duty. Benjamin F. Price, Jr., was born in South Bend December 12, 1850, and in that town was reared and educated and has continued to reside. He entered the employ of his father when young, and may be said to have grown up in the business. He thoroughly understands every detail, and at the demise of his father was eminently capable of taking upon his own shoulders the duties of the business. His is tlie leading, oldest and most popular concern of the city, and the reputation of the house for honesty and upright dealing has remained untarnished during the long term of years that the business has been established. Mr. Price is one of the popular business men of the town and has hosts of friends. He was twice married, his first wife was Miss Georgia Walterhouse, a native of South Bend, and a daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth (Holland) Walterhouse. natives of the State of New York. Two interesting and promising children, Jessie E. and Mary E. were bom to them. Mr. Price was again married on January 9, 1884, to Miss Maggie Fagan, of St. Joseph, Mich. Mr. Price, like his estimable father before him, is a member of the I. O. O. F., also belongs to the Maccabees and is a Republican politic- ally, the measures of which he at all times supports, as did also his father. Henry Weis, Mishawaka, Ind. The subject of this notice is one of the prominent farmers of Penn township. He is the son of Christian Weis, a prominent pioneer and honored citizen of Penn township, who was born in Switzerland in 1803, received a common-school education and was reared to agricultural life. He came to America when a young man, first settled in Stark county, Ohio, and married there, his wife being Annie Heim, daughter of Christian Heim. To Mr. and Mrs. Christian Weis were born ten children, all of whom lived to be grown. Mr. Weis remained in Stark county some years, subsequently removing to Marshall county, Ind. , where he cleared up a farm and was one of the pioneers. In 1846 he came to St. Joseph county and settled one mile west of Mishawaka, where our subject now lives. Here he bought eighty acres of land, cleared it up, sold it and moved to the farm now occupied by William Weis, where he became the owner of 200 acres of fine farming land. A small portion of this was already cleared when he came to it; the remainder he cleared. The names of his children were: Christian, Annie, Ullery, Elizabeth, 406 PICTOnniL ^LXD BIOGRAPHICAL Peter, John, Henry, Mary, Joseph and William. Mr. Weis was a prominent mem- ber of the Evangelical Chnrch and hold the offices of trustee, steward and class- leader. He was one of the founders of this chnrch in Penu township and assisted to build the church in his neighborhood. Politically he was a stanch Democrat. He was a hard working, industrious man, much respected by all, and brought up a fine family of children, all of them doing well. He was well known as one who had materially assisted in the development of St. Joseph county and belonged to those who are a credit to their native country and to their adopted one. Henry Weis, our subject, was born February 27, 1S46, in Mar.shall county, near Bremen, on a farm, and was brought up among the pioneers, receiving only the education which was to be obtained in the log school-hoiise of the neighborhood. He was but an infant when he was brought by his parents to Penn township, learned early to work and did his dutv at his home on the farm until he was twenty-seven years of age. On Novem- ber 10, 1875, he married Eliza Beyler, born February 13, 1849, a daughter of George and Rebecca (Lehr) Beyler. Mr. Beyler came from Alsace when a young man and married in Stark county, Ohio. By trade he was a shoemaker. He moved to Mar- shall county, Ind., becoming one of the tirst settlers at Bremen, locating there in 1S39. His children were; Samuel, who died in infancy; Eliza, who died at the age of three years; Catherine, who passed away at the age of four years; Jacob; Mary A., who died when forty live years old; Eliza: John; and Sarah, who died at the age of thirty three. Mr. and Mrs. Beyler were members of the Evangelical Church, he being one of the founders of the Church at Bremen, and tilling all of the offices of prominence in that body. He was a hard-working, industrious man, and at hia death he left a handsome property, among which was some valuable timber land. He died at Bremen, at the age of seventy years, a man of honorable character and a pioneer citizen. Henry Weis and wife, after marriage, settled on a part of the old homestead, where they have lived ever since. In 1882 Mr. Weis built a substantial brick house and has good improvements. He has, l)y industry and thrift, accumu- lated property until he owns two hundred acres of land and thirty-eight acres of timber land in Madison township. To Mr. and Mrs. Weis have been born eight children, as follows: Marv A., born October 15, 1876; George J., born September 26, 1878; Alva M., born j'uly 13, 1881; Clement, born October 14, 1882; John O., born November 16, 1884; Henry E., born November 15, 1886; Bertha R., born Jan- uary 30, 1890, and Elmer E., born October, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Weis are members of the Evangelical Church and Mr. Weis has assisted materially in the support of the church, takes an active interest in having good schools in his community and has served as school director. In politics he is a Republican. The Weis children have descended on both sides from the best of pioneer stock and have a right to take an honest pride in the sterling qualities of their ancestors. Solomon J. Strtcker, one of the foremost farmers of Union township, Elkhart county, Ind., was born May 25, 1847, and is the only son of Christian and Mattie (Stump) Stryeker, both natives of Canada, the former born in 1817 and the latter in 1818. When a young man the father came to Indiana, settled in Union town- ship, and bought 160 acres of land. Being a single man he boarded with John Burkholder, his nearest neighbor, and cleared five acres of land on which he erected a log cabin. After marriage he cleared up his farm and passed through all the hardships of pioneer days, but was very successful as an agriculturist. Later he bought more land, and sold eighty acres of the farm he had bought to his son-in- law. He and his brother, Jacob, bought the first threshing machine in the township. On the farm where he had passed the best years of his life his death occurred May 11, 1887, and no man was better respected or more highly esteemed. In religion he was a German Baptist, and in politics a Democrat. Mrs. Stryeker was a young lady when her parents, Solomon and Anna (Burkholder) Stump, moved to Elkhart county and settled in Union township. There both passed the remainder of their days. Mrs. Stryeker has one brother living in the township. She was married to MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. AST! Mr. Strycker on March 3, 1842, and became the mother of five children: Anna, bom November 18, 1844, and died at the age of eighteen months; Mariah, born January 16, 1845, married Isaiah Rummel, and now resides in Union township; Solomon J. ; Elizabeth, born January 28, 1850, married, but is now deceased; and Sarah, bom March 3. 1854, is at home. Mrs. Strycker is still living, is seventy years of age, and is a member of the German Baptist Church. Solomon J. was bom on the farm where he now lives, and received his scholastic training in the old log school-house. When twenty-three years of age he was married to Miss Isabel Skinner, who was born November 17, 1854, and who was the daughter of Ephraim and Mary (^Blackj Skinner, natives of Pennsylvania and Ohio, respectively. Mr. Skinner was a pioneer settler of Noble county, Ind., and died in 1882, when seventy years of age. Mrs. Skinner's father, John Black, was a pioneer settler of Elkhart county and a prom- inent citizen of the same. She is still living and was the mother of twelve children. Mr. and Mrs. Strycker were married in 1870, and four children have blessed this union: Ephraim. born April 15. 1871, married September 15, 1892, to Miss Ida M. Walters, of Union township, where he now lives: Mary A., born April 20, 1873, married Daniel B. Stouder, and resides on a farm in Union township; Elizabeth, born March 11, 1877, died March 25, of the same year; and William H. , born July 3, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Strycker are members of the German Baptist Church, and he is a deacon in the same. He has one of the best improved farms in this part of the county, and has been very successful as a stockraiser. In his political affilia- tions he is a Democrat. He is one among the Ijest citizens of the county, and is active in his support of all worthy enterprises. Mr. and Mrs. Strycker have taken a little girl to raise, Emma M. Stouder, who was born September 5, 1885. Gex. Benjamin Haeeisos, ex- President of the United States, is a grandson of the famous hero of Tippecanoe, Gen. William Henry Harrison, the ninth President of the United States. His birth occurrpd at North Bend, Ohio, August 20, 1833, and his early education was acquired under the tutelage of a private instructor. At fourteen years of age he was sent to Gary's Academy, near Cincinnati, where he remained two years, then entered Miami University, at Oxford, which graduated him in 1852. Having a predilection for legal pursuits he became a disciple of Black- stone at Cincinnati, and early in 1854 located for the practice of his profession at Indianapolis. Early in his professional career Mr. Harri.son e.xhibited to a marked degree those characteristics which afterward made him famous as a great lawyer, and it was not long until he found himself the possessor of a large and fairly lucra- tive practice. In the fall of 1 860 he was elected reporter of the supreme court of the State, and during his incumbency of this office published volumes XV and XYI of State Reports. The war coming on, Mr. Harrison deemed that his country's wel- fare should become his first consideration, and accordingly resigning from his lucrative position he recruited Company A, of the Seventieth Regiment of Indiana Infantry and immediately went into active service. He remained in the service of the Government until the close of the war, when he was mustered out as brevet brigadier general. Returning home he resumed legal pursuits. In 1876 he was the unanimous choice of the Republicans for governor of Indiana, but was defeated at the polls. After this (from 1881 to 1887) he was a United States senator and became one of the most conspicuous figures in the Nation. In 1888 he was nomi- nated Ijy the National Republican Convention, at Chicago, for the Presidency of the United States. During the campaign he made numerous addresses, and although he had a vigilant enemy to combat, ready to distort or misconstrue his utterances, he did so remarkably well that not a single point was raised against him. His four years of administration marked an era of prosperity for the country, and at the National Convention of 1892 held at Minneapolis, he was re-nominated on the first ballot. At the succeeding election he was defeated for a second term by Mr. Cleve- land. Mr. Harrison and family are devout members of the Presbyterian Church. In 1853 he married Miss Carrie L. Scott, by whom be is the father of two children. 408 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Brown Bros. The industries of Nappanee are principally of an important char- acter, ably and successfully carried on, the products being such as to have secured for this western town a reputation of which any might well be proud. Prominent among the successful business men of this town are the Brown Bros., dealers in agricultural implements, wagons, buggies, wind-mills, buckeye binders and mowers. They have been in business here since March 1, 1889, and from the first their trade in the above lines has been good, and on the increase right along from the time they opened up in Nappanee. The individual members of this firm, John W. and Charles H. Brown, are part and parcel of Elkhart county, both being born and reared therein within five or six miles of Nappanee, and educated in all the workings of the farm and the use of all kinds of modern farming implements. In the sale of wagons their greatest trade is with the old-time and justly celebrated Studebaker wagon, which has kept its place in the front rank. Their sales of the Oliver Chilled plow has met with the same success as their efforts with the Studebaker wagon, and their sales last year were $10,000 greater than those of the year before. The indications now are that this year's efforts will show a corresponding increase over last year's very big sales. The Buckeye harvesting machines and the Reeves straw stacker are being handled by this firm, all of which are growing in popularity every season. The New Birdaell Clover HuUer, manufactured at South Bend, is meeting with deserved favor by the farmers of this section, and the success of the Brown Bros, in handling this useful farming implement has been very gratifying from their first introduction here. These brothers are the sons of Jacob Brown, Jr., and Sarah J. (Richcreek) Brown, and the grandsons of Jacob Brown, Sr. , and Lydia (Smith) Brown. The grandfather was a native of Pennsylvania, born in Summerset county in 1801, and the son of James Brown, who was a native of this country but of German parentage. In the year 1803 James Brown moved with his family to Canada, settled in the neighborhood of Toronto and there followed farming. There Jacob Brown grew to manhood and married, and there most of his children were born, only three having been born after he came to this country. About 1839 Jacob Brown and family emigrated to Indiana and settled in Union township, Elkhart county, on the farm now owned by bis sons, James and Jacob. He was one of the pioneers of the county and bought 160 acres, which was all in the woods. He cut the first timber on this place and spent many years in improving and developing the same. He made the trip from Canada with wagon and team, but had his goods shipped by water. When he came to this county he had considerable means, having owned a good farm in Canada, and he soon became one of the successful and pros- perous farmers of Elkhart county. He was a member of the Mennonite Church, and in politics was a Democrat. An honorable, upright citizen, he held many township offices and was supervisor for some time. He lived to he quite an aged man, dying in 1885, at the age of eighty-two years. His wife was a native of Pennsylvania, born in 1800, and was probably a child when taken by her parents, John and (Stump) Smith, to Canada. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown were born eight children, five of whom are still living and all in Elkhart county, two in Union, two in Jackson and one in Harrison township. Mrs. Brown was a member of the German Baptist Church, was much interested in church work, and died on the old home place in Union township in 1885. The children were named as follows: John, a native of Canada, born in 1827, was a boy of fourteen years when the family came to this county and is now a farmer of Harrison township and a man of a family: James, resides in Union township; Susan, born in Canada, died in Elkhart county when eighteen years of age; Jacob, Jr. (father of subjects); Lydia, now the wife of Daniel Neff, a farmer of Jackson township; Elizabeth, now the wife of Henry Neff, a farmer of Jackson township; Sarah, married Moses Whitehead and after his death married B. R. Graves; she is now deceased; Matilda, died at the age of seven years. Jacob Brown, Jr., father of Brown Bros., was born in Canada, December 13, 1834, and when about four years of age was brought by his parents to Elkhart county, Ind. ME3I0IRS OF INDIANA. 409 His youthful days were passed on the old home place in Union township and his education was received in the district school. Like most of the country boys he attended school during the winter months, but when summer approached he assisted his father on the farm. When twenty-one years of age he started out for himself and soon after married Miss Sarah J. Richcreek, a native of Elkhart county, Union township, born September 7, 1837. She was a daughter of Charles H. and A. (Elsea) Richcreek and the granddaughter of Charles Richcreek. The Richcreek family emigrated to this county in 1844 and settled in Jackson township, where the father carried on farming. He was an industrious, hard-working man and one highly esteemed for his many estimable qualities of mind and heart. He was born in Virginia, in 1808, and died at the age of sixty-nine, in 1877. His wife was also a native of Virginia and was born in 1810. Both held membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics Mr. Richcreek was a Republican. His children were named as follows: John S., who died in 1865, was married and lived in Kosciusko county; Angeline, who died in 1891, was the wife of Jacob Broumbaugh and was the mother of three children: William, married and resides at Webster, Kosciusko county; Sarah J. (Mrs. Brown): Harriet, wife of William Foose, resides in Nebraska; and Charles, who died at the age of eighteen years. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Brown settled on a farm of eighty acres and on this they have since resided. In politics he has ever been a warm supporter of the Democratic party and takes a deep interest in political affairs. He was trustee of the township in 1861 and 1862, and he has also held the office of justice of the peace and supervisor. All his interests are centered in and around Elkhart county and he is a man whose excellent judg- ment and sound good sense would find him friends in any community. To his marriage have been born sis children as follows: Alice C., born February 1, 1856, married Jacob Kirkdaffer, of Washington township, this county, and they have twelve chil- dren: Charles, Jacob, Michael, Melvin, Picher, Lydia, Alice, Sarah, Vernon, Frank, Eddie and Anna. The next child born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown was Lydia A., whose birth occurred April 27, 1858. She married Joseph Stump and they have three children: Delia, Luella and Arvilla. John W. Brown was born December 29, 1860, and is a member of the firm of Brown Bros.; Charles H, born September 1, 1863, is also a member of the firm; Sarah C, born December 4, 1867, is still at home; Jacob F. , born December 8. 1878, is at home assisting on the farm. The son, John W. Brown, was reared on his father's farm in Union township and secured a good practical education in the common schools. When twenty-three years of age he started a small store at Gravelton, Kosciusko county, where he remained a few years and where he was appointed postmaster, holding that position for four years. He increased his stock from year to year until 1889, when he sold out and moved to Nap- panee and embarked in the implement business in company with his brother, Charles H. The first year they did a business of 115,000, the next year S28,000, and in 1891 $34,000, making a good business. They are the leaders in their line in this part of the county. John W. Brown was married in 1882 to Miss Lizzie Broumbaugh, daughter of David M. Broumbaugh (see sketch). Mrs. Brown was born in 1861 and was reared on her father's farm in Jefferson township, Kosciusko county. Two children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Brown: Hettie, born May 18, 1883, and died when sixteen months old, and Eva, born November 26, 1886. Mr. Brown and family reside in their own home in Nappaiiee and are well respected in the town. Both are members of the German Baptist Church. As a business man Mr. Brown has few equals and as a citizen and neighbor he is well liked. In politics he is a Democrat. Charles H. Brown, the junior member of the firm of Brown Bros., was born September 11, 1863, and. like his brother, his early days were passed in assist- ing on the farm. In the district schools he obtained a fair education and he con- tinued under the parental roof until 1890, when he became a member of the firm of Brown Bros. Since that time he has been actively engaged in the implement busi- ness in Nappanee and has met with unusual success, being a man possessed of more 410 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL than ordinary business acumen. Like his father and brother, he espouses the prin- ciples of the Democratic partj\ and is a warm supporter of its platform. He was married on the 15th of November, 1889, to Miss Etta J. Broumbaugh, daughter of David M. Broumbaugh, and a sister of his brother John's wife. She was born March 8, 1865, and passed her girlhood days on the old farm. One child, a son, has been born to this union but is yet unnamed. This young couple have a nice, cozy home in Nappanee and take a deep interest in all the worthy enterprises of the town. Philip B. Booxe is a retired farmer now residing in the city of South Bend, in the enjoyment of a comfortable competency acquired in earlier years by industry and good management, and the society of numerous friends, whom his correct mode of living has gathered about him. He is a product of Wayne county, lod., for there he first saw the light of day on the 27th of May, 1822, his parents being Ovid and Ruth (Baltimore) Boone, the former a native of the Blue Grass State and the latter of Ohio. Ovid Boone was born in the vicinity of Lexington, his parents being honest tillers of the soil. He removed to Wayne county, Ind., with his par- ents, and there he was married and became a successful agriculturist. After many years he settled in Madison county, lod., where his death occurred about the year 1835. He had a brother who was a soldier in the War of 1812. and was killed at the battle of Lexington. Ky. To Ovid Boone aud his wife the following children were born: Perry, Philip B., Charlotte, Mary M., James W. and Susan. After the death of the husband and father, his widow was married to John Maguire to whom she presented three children: Joseph, Malinda and Morris. The mother of these children was called from this life about the 1st of July, 1862. When Philip B. Boone was about seven years of age he went to Madison county, Ind., with his parents, where he grew up ou a farm, receiving the advantages of the country schools near his rural home. Owing to the early deatli of his father he learned to depend upon himself when a mere lad, and at the age of sixteen years began to work for himself on a farm, for with that calling he was thoroughly familiar. Since 1S44 he has been a resident of St. Joseph county, and upon taking up his residence in German township, he purchased 110 acres of land and at once began to prepare it for cultivation. He tilled this land successfully for many years and showed him- self to be a man of sound views in every thing conuected with farming, and all his efforts were prospered. About the year 1881 he retired from active business pur- suits and took up his residence in South Bend, where he is still residing, surrounded by numerous warm personal friends. He was married in German township Novem- ber 30, 1846, to Miss Susan Miller, who was born in Wayne county, Ind., January 11, 1829, and soon after their marriage they settled on the above mentioned farm, which at that time was solely improved by a little log cabin. As their circumstances improved this gave way to a better habitation, and upon leaving the farm they were very comfortably situated. On that farm thev reared the following children: James A., Daniel W., Alwilda E., Elizabeth A., Schuyler C, William T. and David E. While a resident of German township Mr. Boone served in the capacity of justice of the peace for four years and township trustee three years. In politics he has ever been a staunch Republican and has always labored for the good of that party. He is a member of that worthy society, the I. O. O. F., and he and his wife are mem- bers in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Boone is a daugh- ter of David and Sarah (Hardman) Miller, natives respectively of Virginia and Ken- tucky. Mr. and Mrs. Miller were married in Wayne county, Ind., andinlS31 came to St. Joseph county settling in German township, of which they were among the very first settlers. He became the owner of 160 acres of land on Portage Prairie and underwent the hardships and privations attendant upon pioneer life. The Indians were numerous at that time and in the anticipation of trouble with them a fort was erected ou the Miller homestead, which stood for several years afterward as a monument to hostilities experienced by the pioneer settlers of the county from the red man. Mr. Miller died in the fall of 1843, a fact universally regretted, and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 411 his widow was called from life on the 5th of June, 1849. They were upright and respected people and useful and progressive citizens — a blessing to the new county in which they settled. Edwin C. Laidlaw, Mishawaka, Ind. One of the substantial farmers of Penn township, is the gentleman of whom this sketch is written. His father, John Laid- law, was one of the pioneers of St. Joseph county, born January 5, 1812, at Blains- ley, near Edinburgh. Scotland. He was a son of John Laidlaw, Sr. , who came to America in ISIS aud settled at Edwards, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., where he engaged in farming. Bj' trade he was a stonemason, and in his native country did an extensive business. He married Susan Smith and became the father of thirteen children, the record of whom is as follows: The eldest died unmarried; Thomas married Eliza Blood, and they were the parents of live children (he became a farmer of St. Law- rence county, N. Y.); Alexander came to Indiana from New York and died at the home of his brother John, unmarried; Isabel married James Noble, and they had a large family of ten children, aud resided in St. Lawrence county, N. Y. ; John, father of subject; David married Jane Newton, had a family of three children and resides in St. Lawrence country, N. Y. : Mary married Austin Clark, had a family of live children, aud they reside at Russell, St. Lawrence Co., N. Y. ; Martha married Mr. Green, has two children and resides in Minnesota; Franklin married Miss F. Buck, has three children and resides in Iowa; William; Ann, who married and re- sides in Canton, N. Y., and Edward. John Laidlaw, our subject's father, remained in St. Lawrence county N. Y., and Canada until he was twenty-one years of age, but in 1836 he came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and purchased a quarter section of laud in Madison township, which he afterward sold. He had the advantages of a common-school education, and when a young man of eighteen or nineteen engaged in logging in Canada for two years, then came to Indiana and entered his land in St. Joseph county. He then worked on the mill race on the the north side of Mish- awaka, and also assisted in getting out iron ore for the Mishawaka Iron Furnace. Following this occupation, in company with Elias Cook, he contracted to burn char- coal for the iron company, and bought eightj' acres of land where his present farm now is, and this was covered with heavy timber. Here he erected a log cabin near the present homestead and partly cleared his eighty acres, and by thrift and hard work was enabled to buy more land, so continuing until he was the owner of 500 acres in one body and 120 in another. The Indians had not yet left the country when Mr. Laidlaw settled on his land; wild game abounded, wolves were numerous and neighbors were few and far between. Among them were Elias Cook, the Eutzlers, Hollingsheads and Hezekiah Dixon. The chief employ- ment in this section of the country was chopping and clearing away the timber and burning charcoal, and the smoke from the coal pits of the settlers was to be seen in every direction, as all were preparing charcoal for the smelting pits of Mishawaka. Mr. Laidlaw married Sally, daughter of Benjamin Shaw, a farmer of Kosciusko county. To Mr. and Mrs. Laidlaw were born twelve children, viz. : Susan, who mar- ried John Dixon, of Mishawaka; Benjamin, who died in infancy; Lydia, who mar- ried Robert Martin; Edwin C, our subject, who married Harrieta Pulling; Alex- ander, who married Elizabeth Burroughs: Silas, who was killed at the age of seven- teen years; Caroline S., who married William Herrick; Jane, who married John Holliday; Mary, who married William Harling; Ella, Emma and John W. Mr. Laidlaw was a man of medium size, but very strong and was never sick a day in his life until his last sickness. He was a hard-working, honest, pioneer citizen. Both Mr. and Mrs. Laidlaw were members of the Christian Church in which he held the ofifiee of deacon. Politically he was a stanch Republican, formerly an old line Whig. He lived to the age of seventy-two years and died in 1883, respected by the pioneers as an honest and upright man and had many friends. He brought up a family of children who became good citizens. In 1870 he removed to Mishawaka, where he passed the last years of bis life. Always public-spirited he was always the friend 412 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of the public schools. During the war be was a stanch Union man and assisted liber- ally with his means to HU the quota of his township. At his death he had no debts and throughout his life he made it a principle never to have a mortgage upon any of his property. Mrs. Laidlaw's parents were born in Massachusetts, moved to Ohio at an early day and subsequently to Indiana, where they both died and lie buried in the Eutztus burying ground in Penn township. The grandfather was in the Eevolu- tionary war and aided in establishing our national independence. He moved to near Marietta, Ohio, and there died and is there buried. Mr. Laidlaw owned one of the best farms in Penn township, upon which he erected line farm buildings, and here he was content, never accepting office although often solicited to do so. He was very fond of hunting and killed many deer in his time, as well as other kinds of game. Two different winters the Indians camped upon Mr. Laidlaw's farm for the purpose of hunting, and he joined them in hunting coon. Edwin C. Laidlaw, son of the above prominent subject, was born on his father's farm in Penn township, and has passed all of his days on the old homestead which has now been owned by the family for sixty-one years. He received a common school education and was a pupil at the old pioneer log school-house until he was sixteen years of age. This did not satisfy him, for, after his services as a soldier were over, he attended the Northern Indiana College at South Bend and also Eastman's National Business College at Pough- keepsie, N. Y. He was reared to farm life, but at the age of twenty-one enlisted at Mishawaka as a private soldier in the service of the United States and was mus- tered in May 27, 1864, in Company H, One Hundred and Thirty-eighth Regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry; served nine months and was honorably discharged at Indianapolis, Ind. , on account of the expiration of his term of enlistment. This service was principally guarding the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, which was defended by means of block houses, and the fighting was seven skirmishes with the bushwhackers, a very dangerous kind of tightiug. He was sick with chronic diarrhoea at the hospital at TuUahoma, Tenn., for one month. Although he re-joined his company, he never totally regained his health. After his services as a soldier, he returned home and resumed farming and managed the place after his father moved into Mishawaka. He married, January 25, 1876, Henrietta Pulling, born March 20, 1851, daughter of Charles K. and Mary A. (Neiler) Pulling. Mr. Pulling was of English stock and was born May 15, 1811, in Monmouth county, N. J. , the family having been an old colonial one. The members of the old family yet remaining, are, Charlotte, aged seventy-five years, residing at Bordentown, N. J. ; and Rebecca, aged ninety-one years, at Trenton, N. J. The family is a long-lived one. Mr. Pulling married in Philadelphia in 1836; his wife's family was an old American one, of Dutch and Welsh descent and belonged to the society of Quakers. In 1851 Mr. Pulling moved to St. Joseph county, Ind., and bought a farm of 120 acres of land now occupied by the Studebaker residence and grounds, at South Bend, called Sunny Side. Mr. Pulling sold his farm and bought one on Harris Prairie and then sold that one and bought one three miles east of Mishawaka, but finally retired from farming and removed to Mishawaka, where he lost his wife. He was at the time of his death a resident of South Bend, and was seventy- four years of age. To Mr. and Mrs. Pulling were born nine children, as follows: Emeline; George; John; Ellen; Anna; Charlotte, diedat the age of eighteen years; Henrietta; Catherine; and Catherine deceased at the age of eleven years. Both Mr. and Mrs. Pulling were members of the Baptist Church. Politically he is a Republican and gave two sons. John and George, to the late war. The parents of Mr. Pulling were Samuel and Charlotte Pulling, natives of New Jersey. Mr. Pulling was a substan- tial farmer and an honest and respected citizen. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Laid- law settled on the old homestead where they still live, and to them have been born three children: Abbie, born April 7, 1881; Maliel, born May 2, 1883. died January 15, 1886, and Chester E., born January 17, 1887. Socially Mr. Laidlaw is a mem- ber of I. O. O. F., also G. A. R., Houghton Post, of Mishawaka, and has held the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 413 office of senior vice-commanrler. Politically he is a stanch Eepublican. He is a public-spirited man, has held the office of school director and has taken a deep interest in the schools of the commnnity. He is a practical farmer, been a hard worker aud has followed threshiog for thirteen years. He is one of the fore- most promoters of tine stock in his neighborhood, has a fine herd of Durham short horn cattle and Jersey cows and has always been foremost in breeding heavy draft horses, Clydesdales, shires and hackneys. He is also an extensive breeder of Shrop- shire Down sheep and of Poland China hogs. He manages the estate left by his father, which is yet undivided, besides eighty acres of his own land, and is one of the most efficient and practical farmers in Penu township. He stands deservedly high both as a man and a citizen. There is no other Laidlaw family in America of which this family has any knowledge that ever came to America. When John Laidlaw, father of our subject, started to visit the lady who subsequently became his wife, he used to take his gun and walk through dense wojds to her father's house at Wolf Lake, in Kosciusko county, some sixty miles away, the trip consuming two days. The Coppes Family. The members of tliis well-known and distinguished family in Elkhart county, Ind. , have become noted as practical, honorable, shrewd and suc- cessful business men, who have made the most of their advantages, and have always grasped at opportunities for bettering their financial, moral aud social conditions. They come of good old Puritan stock, and the progenitor of the family in this couutrj' settled in Mount Bethel township, Northampton Co., Penn. , which neigh- borhood was the family seat for a number of years; in all probability for nearly two generations. The Coppes originally came from England, where, to-day, there are large estates belonging to the family, but their right to this valuable property can not be directly traced up to the present time. Of the early members of the Coppes famiJy, Rev. Samuel D. Coppes was among the most prominent. He was born in England, came to America during the early history of this country, became a wealthy landholder of Northumberland county, Penn., was very popular throughout that section, owing to his kindly disposition and charitable nature, and became eminent as a successful practicing physician, for the duties of which he fitted himself in England. He won golden opinions for himself as a medical practitioner, for besides being remarkably skillful he was very philanthropic, and bestowed his services on rich and poor alike, never charging the latter for attending them unless they were willing and desirous of repaying him. His practice extended all over the State of Pennsylvania, as well as a large portion of the State of Ohio, and in the early days of Indiana he made frequent visits to this State. He was also a minister of the Mennonite Church, and for many years looked after the spiritual as well as the bodily welfare of his fellows, and was an able instructor in a righteous cause. He was one of the pioneer preachers of his church, and held services in difPerent portions of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, and his visits to this section of the country are well remembered by his people. He was an honorable, upright and God-fearing man, and his example as an earnest Christian is still in the minds of those who knew him. He was first married in Northampton county, Penn., to a German lady by the name of Delph, and by her became the father of the following children: Abraham, whose descendants are now in Ohio; Jacob, who was one of the early pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind. ; John, who left a family in Ohio; Samuel also died in that State; and Polly, who married Jacob Carver, lived and reared a family in the Buck- eye State. The first wife of Rev. Samuel Coppes paid the last debt of nature in Northampton county. Penn., after which betook for his second wife, Miss Susan Biirkey, whom he took with him to Ohio about 183-1:, settling on a farm in Medina county. This union resulted iu the birth of one daughter, Rebecca, who married Jacob Shaffer, with whom she removed to Elkhart county, Ind., and whose descend- ants are now residing in Harrison township. The second wife of Samuel D. Coppes survived him a number of years, and died in this county at the home of her only daughter, Mrs. Shaffer. Rev. Dr. Samuel Coppes was called from life in Ohio, in 414 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 1863, his death being a source of much regret to all who knew him. He was well known as a public-spirited citizen, and politically was a Whig. He was a shrewd financier and accumulated a good property which was divided among his children in 1865. He was one of the oldest settlers of this section of the county; as an expounder of the gospel, he was forcible, eloquent and logical, and he wielded a wide influence for good in the different sections in which he resided. His homes in Pennsylvania and Ohio were many times occupied by his patients who had no homes of their own, and possessed but little means, and thus he carried on his noble work until death over- took him, and he passed to his reward. All his sous and daughters married and reared families of their own, and in the different localities in which they made their home, they were held in high esteem, and having inherited many of their uolile father's qualities were honored and respected. His second son, Jacob, was born in Northampton county, Penn. , about 1812 or 1813, and was brought up to the healthy life of a farmer's boy. Upon reaching man's estate, he took for his wife Sarah Fravel, who was born in the same county as himself in IS'2'2, and who was one of twelve children reared by Daniel and Fannie (Myers) Travel, the former of whom was born in Bucks county, Penn., and was of English parents. He was left fatherless when a small child, and was reared by strangers, and upon starting out in life, took a wife from the same county as himself, and l)y her reared a large family of children, as follows: Jessie, Poll\', Catherine, Fannie, Joseph, Rebecca, Elizabeth, Susan, Sarah (now Mrs. Coppes), William, Daniel and Matilda. Of this family three children are living: Mrs. Coppes, a resident of Nappanee, Tud. : Elizabeth and Catherine whore- side in the Keystone State. Jacob Coppes and hi.s wife removed to Ohio at the same time that Rev. Dr. Samuel Coppes settled in that section, and there he remained for a period of about eight years, following the trades of shoemaking, and millwrighting. In 1844 he came to Indiana and settled in Harrison township, Elkhart county. For the first few years of his residence here his efforts were not prospered, and he met with various reverses which kept him in straitened circumstances for some time, but he kept perseveringly at work, and by the help of his oldest children, managed to keep the wolf from the door, and at last secured enough means to purchase forty acres of land in Locke township, on which he resided until death called him home in 1874. Notwithstanding the hard luck which met him in his career through life, he was never known to willfully wrong any one, and was honest, industrious and public spirited, ever casting his influence on the side of what he considered justice and right. In early life he supported the principles of the Whig party, and later the stand taken by the Re- publican party commended itself to his excellent judgment. With his wife he was a member of the Mennonite Church, and in his dail_y walk through life showed that he was a Christian. He was very domestic in his tastes, was devoted to his home and family, and never cared to fill any public position, the strife and turmoil of politics having no charms for him. His widow survives him, and is residing in Nappauee with her children, and although she is over seventy years of age, and reared a large family of sons and daughters, she is a well-preserved lady for her age, and appears to be in the enjovment of good health. Her children are as follows: Daniel, Samuel, Amanda, Susan, Eliza, Rebecca, Saloma, Lucinda, John D. and Frank. Three children died in infancy; Amanda, Susan and Rebecca. A brief sketch of the members of this family will not come amiss. Daniel was born in Pennsylvania, was reared on a farm under the watchful eye of his father, and when still quite young began learn- ing the painter's trade, at which he worked in Goshen, where he became a well-known and popular young man. He was one of the first to respond to his country's call at the opening of the Rebellion, and became a member of Company K, Thirteenth Regi- ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry at Goshen, where he became a commissioned officer. He was faithful and fearless on the battlefield and was greatly loved by his reg- imental comrades, who considered him not only a model soldier, but also a true and trusted friend. At the battle of Murfreesboro he was wounded by a gunshot in the leg, and during the three days and nights that he lay on the battlefield, he suffered MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 415 indescribably. He was at last taken by his friends to a pi'ivate residence, which had been turned into a hospital, to be cared for, but there breathed his last the tenth day after receiving his wound. So dearly loved was he by his comrades the he was not buried in a ditch like most of the dead, but with willing hands and sad hearts, they made him a rough board coffin, and buried him beneath a large oak tree on that historic battle ground. He was unmarried. One of his companions in battle saw him fall, and placing himself beside him tried to cheer him with encouraging words and said: "Dan I will stay with you or die," and in order to deceive the enemy placed himself beside his wounded comrade and pretended to be dead. He was discovered, however, taken prisoner and carried away, and for three days and nights the unfort- unate young soldier, Daniel Coppes, was exposed to the rain and sleet which was falling, and which without doubt caused his death. He was a brave and gallant sol- dier, the pride of Company K, and is still remembered with respect and affection by the old residents of Goshen, and in the hearts of his old comrades the memory of the brave young soldier who gave his life for his country, is still kept green. Samuel D. Coppes is a prominent banker of Nappanee, a more extended notice of whom immediately suceeds this; Eliza married Benjamin Yarian, and died a few years later, leaving a family of live children, all of whom are living, with the exception of the youngest. The eldest of these children was Elizabeth, who married Daniel Zook, a prominent business man of Nappanee, and a member of the firm of Coppes Bros. & Zook, who are doing an extensive business at that place; Frank is a journalist of Goshen; Ella is living in Nappanee with her sister, Mrs. Zook; Edward is at home with his father in Nappanee; and Lucinda, who died at the age of three years. The mother of these children died in 1876. The next child born to Jacob Coppes and his wife, was Saloma, who married Benjamin Frazier of Nappanee, by whom she became the mother of five children, the eldest of whom, Milo, was killed at the age of ten years in a wheat elevator at that place, by being sucked into a wheat bin and smothered; Nettie is now Mrs. William Lesh, of Ohio; Sadie is living with Samuel Coppes; and Laura and Medie reside with their father in Nappanee. Their mother was called from life in 1876. The next of Jacob Coppe's children was Lucinda, who married John C. Millinger, a prominent resident of Nappanee, by whom she has four children; Ella, who is Mrs. Harvey Banta of Nappanee, and is the mother of two children, which are the great-grandchildren of Mrs. Jacob Coppes. This rep- resents now living in the town of Nappanee, four generations of the family. The younger members of this family are Mabel L., and John F. The sisters of Mrs. Banta are Sarah, who died in infancy, and Emma and Nettie, who reside with their parents. The next child born to Jacob Coppes, was John D. , of whom a sketch is given in this work, there being also a sketch of Frank, the youngest mem- ber of this family. It can be truly said of Jacob Coppes and his wife, that they were very worthy residents of the county, and showed much heroism in braving the hardships, dangers and discomforts of pioneer life, in order to provide a home for their children, and obtain a competencj' for their declining years. Samuel D. Coppes. It has laeen said, and truly said that "some men are born great, some have greatness thrust upon them and some achieve greatness," and to this last most important class belongs the subject of this sketch — Samuel D. Coppes — who was born in Medina county, Ohio, in 1844. When about six years of age he was removed by his parents to Elkhart county, Ind. ,and on his father's farm in this section he grew to manhood, his naturally good constitution being greatly strengthened by the wholesome and open air life that he led. Owing to the strait- ened circumstances in which his father was placed for some years after his residence here, he acquired only a rudimentary education in the district schools near his home, his attendance being confined to the winter months when his services were not re- quired on the farm. When he was about fourteen years of age his father lost a hand in a threshing machine and for some two years thereafter the support of the family fell on the youthful shoulders of young Samuel, who manfully took up the 416 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL burden thus fallen to him and devoted his time to cutting wood and hauling it to Goshen with an ox team. In this rugged school he learned habits of thrift and in- dustry which have followed him through life and which have been of materia] bene- fit to him in his walk through life. In due time he married and became a farmer on his own account in the neighborhood of his father's home. Applying his inborn energy to the farm which he took in hand, it was not long until practical results were soon made manifest. In the summer of 1866 he purchased a threshing ma- chine, which he managed during that season, but owing to a spell of sickness that overtook him that fall he was obliged to sell his interest which amounted to $500, which he spent in purchasing one of the finest span of horses in this section of the country. During the winter of that year he led to the altar Miss Lizzie Berlin, who was born in Ohio in 1843, a daughter of John D. Berlin, who died in Locke town- ship, Elkhart county, Ind. He came to this State about 1864 or 1865, purchased a tract of land in Locke township, but rented his farm as he, himself, was not able to till it owing to old age. He was a Pennsylvanian by birth, of German stock and died about 1876. His wife, Susanna Hoffman, was of German extraction and was called from life about one year after the death of her husband. They reared a fam- ily of four boys and six girls: Soloman, Kate, Lydia, Jesse, Jacob, Mary, Sarah, Elizabeth, Lavinia and Milton. The male members of this family are all dead. After his marriage Mr. Copfses tilled the soil for two or three years, at the end of which time he moved to Missouri and settled in Nodaway county, where he pur- chased a farm on which he lived for about three years. His next move was to re- turn to Elkhart county and he soon after purchased the farm belonging to his fa- ther-in-law for which he paid the sum of 14,000 giving a mortgage for the full amount. He soon had it paid for and in 1881 sold it and removed to Nappanee, MEMOIItS OF INDIANA. 419 purchasing a fourtli interest in the firm of J. C. Melliager & Co , which at that time was operating a saw-mill and box factory, and of which his two brothers, John D. and Frank Coppes formed the "Company. ' ' This combination continued until 1884, when Mr. Mellinger sold his entire interests to the Coppes Brothers, under which name the firm was known commercially until May 9, 1890, when Mr. Coppes sold his one-third interest in the tirm to Daniel Zook, late county clerk of Elkhart county and one of the leading lawyers of this section. It was during the connection of Mr. Coppes with Coppes Brothers that the Nappanee Milling Company's flouring- mill was established, it being now one of the leading milling concerns in the country. It turns out '250 barrels of high grade flour every twenty-four hours, and is sup- plied with the full roller process. The product of this mill is principally shipped to leading markets in Europe, the demand growing faster than the mill can supply. The peculiar facilities for running this mill enables them to manufacture flour at a minimum cost, for all the refuse of their saw-mill and box factory, which under other circumstances, to most firms becomes an actual expense, is by them used as fuel in their flour-mill — not a pound of coal nor stick of cordwood being needed, and thus they can pay high prices for their grain, which attracts to their mill the patronage of the farmers for many miles around. The capacity of the saw-mill belonging to this tirm has a capacity of 20,000 feet per day and the box factory has a capacity of 3,500 per day. The western markets offer a ready receptacle for the entire output of the establishment which gives employment to from 50 to 100 men the year round, and the aggregate volume of which business amounts to §500,000 annually. The factory and mill monopolize an area of fourteen acres all told. They pay tempt- ingly high prices for timlier, for every portion of the tree is utilized, the refuse being used for fuel and the balance even to the minutest particles, in their box factory. They have a fine line of soft and hard wood lumber of all kinds, and expect to make many improvements and changes in their work ere long. Who will say that the busy, never-ceasing energy of such a man as Samuel D. Coppes has not been a blessing to Nappanee. He is truly one of the class of men who "'achieve greatness," and he well deserves the financial success which has attended his efforts in the past ten years. Afterone year spent in rest and recreation, he, in 1891, projected the erec- tion of a new bank and hotel structure in Nap[)anee, and although his project met with scant encouragement at first, yet his irresistible spirit would not down until it received the patronage of such men of financial standing as B. Uline, as well as others. At this time Bechtel &Son, owners of the Farmers' and Traders' Bank, expressed a will- ingness to sell, and Mr. Coppes at once purchased the institution of which he took charge May 1, 1891, in which he gave his son, Harvey E. Coppes, an interest and in- 420 PICTORIAL .1X3 BIOGRAPHICAL stalled him as teller of the same, J. C. Mellinger being retained as cashier. The bank is established on a solid financial basis, is a handsome two story brick structure, with safety vault, finished after the most approved modei-n designs. A general banking business is done, and as a financial medium for the convenience of depositors and the business community in general, it is all that can be required. It has a liberal patronage and enjoys the confidence of the people within a radius of many miles. The acquisition of the bank did not lessen the zeal of Mr. Coppes in pushing to com- pletion the Coppes Hotel which was completed January 20, 1892, and would do credit to a town of 10,000 inhabitants. It is a conspicuous example of the enter- terprise and public spirit of the citizens of Nappanee. Although some eight or ten of the best men of the city were interested in the property S. D. Coppes is the one who has stood by it from its inception and carried the work to a successful comple- tion. Coppes Hotel is a model of architectural beauty in all its details. Its extreme dimensions are 88 feet front by 85 feet in depth, two stories and basement. A hand- some galvanized iron front, with large plate windows, etc., give an elegant ap- pearance to this sprightly and very commodious hotel. The main frontage on the first floor is divided into three distinct compartments, viz.: The ground floor, occu- pied by the hotel proper, which is 46x75 feet; the room adjoining (admirably adapted for a first-class barbershop, millinery store, or a doctor's office) is 20x33 feet, and a third room very suitable for a grocery or drug store, 22x85 feet, with a distinct storage room or hall on the upper floor, running back the entire length of the building. On the second floor, devoted to hotel purposes, are twenty first-class bedrooms for the convenience and comfort of transient trafiic exclusivelj', in addition to ladies' and gents' parlor, bath-rooms, closets, etc. A solid stone basement to the height of seven feet, with a cement flooring, is a distinguishing feature of this build- ing, front to rear. Hot and cold water in each room of this hotel will place it in the front rank of the most modern hostelries now being erected. The building through- out will be heated by the latest improved hot- water system. The furnishings and all necessary findings will be of the best. The aim has been to make the "Coppes Hotel" first-class in every particular, and from present appearances the expecta- tions of its projectors will be more than fully realized. The contract price has been $17,000, the architectural designs and superintendence of the work being to the credit of our worthy townsman, Mr. H. F. Frazier, who needs not fear to say that when fully completed there will not be a handsomer or more commodious house in any other town of three times the population than the new "Coppes Hotel'' of Nappanee. The erection of this hotel was instrumental in bringing many people to the town who erected handsome private residences in the vicinity and made Nappanee a pretty and desirable place in which to reside. There was no such word as fail in Mr. Coppes' vocabulary, and had it not been for his pluck and perseverance, as well as public spirit, there would be no fine hotel, and it is to be doubted if the water- works and electric light plants would yet be in operation in Nappanee, although to the credit of most of the best men in the city, they were all of one mind on this ques- tion, and are equally entitled to praise for their worthy efforts in conjunction with Mr. Coppes. The latter is the owner of 160 acres of tine farming land and has a handsome residence on East Main street. He may be said to have made the town of Nappanee what it is and has always been extremely public spirited and patriotic. He is a careful business man and the much-abused phrase " self-made man" may with truth be applied to him. His record as a man of affairs throughout the north- ern portion of the State is enviable, and in his own immediate neighborhood his word is as good as his bond. He and his wife have reared a family of seven chil- dren and have lost two: Minnie, who died at the age of three years, and Jesse, dy- ing at the age of eighteen months; Frank, who was born in Missouri, is a resident of Nappanee and is married to Susan Culp, a native of this coiinty; Clara is attend- ing school, as are also Delia; Lillian; Myrtle and Frederick. Harvey Coppes is the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 421 secoQd son of this family and obtained his education in the high school of Nappanee. From the start he showed good business qualifications and became an expert book- keeper, at an early age taking full charge of the books of the firm of Coppes Bros. Upon the establishment of the Farmers' & Traders' Bank by his father he was made teller, and in this responsible position he has shown himself to be thoroughly reliable, competent and indefatigable. His future is bright with promise, and he bids fair to rival his worthy father as a business man and a public-spirited citizen. He is now in his twenty-third year and has been a resident of Nappanee since he was eleven years of age, or ever since 1881. John D. Coppes, a member of the firm of Coppes Bros., & Zook, was the ninth child born to Jacob Coppes, his birth occurring in Jackson township of this county, in 1856. but owing to the straitened circumstances in which his parents were placed during his boyhood, he received limited advantages for obtaining an educa- tion, only attending school a short time during the winter season. At the age of eighteen years he began teaming around the mill owned by Joseph Strohm. in Locke township, and while doing this work he formed the resolution of owning a mill of his own, and a short time after he helped to buy out his employer, and now owns a one- third interest in the same, which has been enlarged five- hundred-fold from its original dimensions. During the two years that he worked for others after leaving home, he managed to save S150, and this was his entire capital, when, with his brother Frank, in 1876, they purchased the interest of B. F. Myers in the saw-mill business with J. C. Mellinger, giving him their note for §1,300, running two years at six per cent. The firm is now known as Coppes Bros. & Zook, and it can be said of each of the members of this firm that they are honest, industrious and enterprising young men whose jaresent success is the result of their earnest and persistent efforts. John D. Coppes has been a resident of Nappanee for a number of years and naught has ever been said to his discredit, but much in his praise. He was married in 1879 to Sliss Malinda Strohm, daughter of the old saw-miller, Joseph Strohm. She was born in Elkhart county in 1860, and has borne her husband four children: Marvin, Erviu, Lloyd and Gertrude. Mrs. Coppes is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically Mr. Coppes is a strong Republican. He is a shrewd man of business and has done much to build up the town and advance the business in- terests of the place. Frank Coppes, a member of the well-known firm of Coppes Bros. & Zook, is a product of Elkhart county, Ind., his birth occurring in Harrison township, in 1858. Like his brother John D., he was reared on his father's farm, where he learned lessons of industry and frugality which were his stepping stones to success in later years. He dutifully remained on the home place engaged in tilling the soil until after the death of his father, who had been a sturdy farmer all his days and had taught his boys habits of sterling integrity and honest labor, and left them the heritage of an unsullied name, which was rather to be desired than great riches. During the year of 1874 Frank worked for Joseph Strohm, and the next year for Mellinger & Myers, at the expiration of which time he had saved the munificent sum of §25 all told, and at once co-operated with his brother John D. in purchasing the one-half interest of Mr. Mellinger in the saw-mill, trusting to energy and good fortune to relieve him of his debt. Time proved the wisdom of this move and he is now in good circumstances financially and occupies a high place in the estimation of his fellows. The career of these gentlemen is a worthv' example to all young men who are struggling for a livelihood to go and do likewise, and if they desire success they must labor hard to attain it, especially those who are without capital as these young men were. Frank Coppes was married to Miss Kate Felty, of South Bend, Ind. , a daughter of John and Martha (Dunbar) Felty, who have been resi- dents of the State for many years. Mrs. Coppes was born in Lebanon county, Penn., in 1859, the fifth of ten children. Her father is still living at South Bend, but her mother paid the last debt of nature at that place in 1880. To Mr. and Mrs. Frank 422 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Coppes three children have been born: Bessie, Harold and Claudie, the eldest of whom is attending school, and they occupy a handsome and comfortable dwelling on Madison and Walnut streets in Nappanee. Daniel Zook, a member of the above-mentioned firm was born in Elkhart county, Ind., in 1851, was reared on a farm, but after reaching his nineteenth year he began alternating his time and attention between saw-milling and teaching a country school for a short period, later turning his attention to the study of law in the ofiSce of his brother, A. S. Zook, and H. D. Wilson, one of the leading legal firms of Goshen. He remained there from 1876 to 1882, and there practiced his profession for some time after obtainiag his "sheepskin." After coming to Nappanee he con- tinued to follow this occupation for four years, at the end of which time he was elected to the office of county clerk which he filled with credit to himself and friends until 1890, at which time he retired from the office and purchased a one-third inter- est in the firm of Coppes Bros., assuming the place of Samuel D. Coppes in that firm. He has charge of the clerical and financial part of the work, John D. Coppes attends to the sawmill and box factory business and Frank Coppes has full control of the flouriug-mill and the disposition of its contents. Nappanee has every reason to be proud of this valuable enterprise and the worthy men at its head. They are doing grand work for the town and their highest aim is to go still further upward and onward, that they may yet accomplish much more for the general good. Mr. Zook has a pleasant home and an interesting family. The firm is doing an annual business of §450,000 and no branch of their business is allowed to be neglected, a large corps of men being required to keep it in working order. The Ulery Family. This is one of the most remarkable and worthy families of Elkhart county, Ind., and many years back, during the colonial history of this country, the family tree first took root on American soil. The original founder of the family in America came from Germany about the year 1790, at which time the name was spelled Ulrich, but which afterward became Anglicized and was spelled Ulery. He was the great-grandfather of the present generation and was the one to carve out a home for the family in the New World. He died in Cambria county, Penn. His son, John Ulery, was married to Miss Elizabeth Lehr in Pennsylvania and for some time thereafter made his home near Johnstown, being the owner of a farm in the valley over which the great flood swept in May, 1888. In the year 1818 he sold his farm there, with the intention of moving to Ohio, and to this end loaded his household effects on a boat and started down the Ohio River, termi- nating his jou7ney two miles west of Dayton, where he resided on a large farm until 1831, when he sold his farm there to move to Elkhart county, Ind., of which region he had heard flattering accounts. He purchased a farm one mile west of Goshen, and there he died in 1846. From the time he moved to Indiana he made eleven trips on horseback, from Goshen to Dayton, Ohio. He and his wife were members of the German Baptist Church, in which he was a deacon, and politicallj' he was first a Whig l)ut afterward became a Republican. He was much esteemed as a man, and after a useful and well-spent life passed to his reward, his wife's death having also occurred in Elkhart county. They were the parents of a large family of chil- dren, two of whom, Samuel and Daniel, were born in Pennsylvania and removed to Ohio and later to Indiana with their parents, the former locating east of Goshen and the latter in Union township, where bis descendants now reside. The other children were born in Ohio: Jacob and John (who live near Goshen); Susan (who married Jacob Stiitzman); Lydia (who married Nicholas Cripe); and Levi, who resides in the vicinity of Goshen. In Cambria county, of the Keystone State, Daniel Ulery first saw the light of day on the 28lh of July, 1814. He was four years of age when taken to Oliio, and when his parents started to remove to that State young Daniel determined to remain at his old home, and when the family were all on the boat ready to begin their journey young Daniel started for his old home as fast as he could go and gave liis parents quite a chase before he was caught and carried MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 423 on the boat. He was very homesick for some time after reaching Dayton, but time remedied this and he eventually removed to Indiana with the family in the year mentioned above. Goshen, at that time, consisted of a few houses and two small stores. For quite a number of years after their settlement the region was very unhealthy and nearly every summer the family were sick with ague. This was very discouraging, and Daniel made up his mind that he was either going back to Ohio or try to lind a place where he did not shake with ague every spring. His father urged him to go south and look for a piece of land for himself, and this advice he followed, entering a quarter section of land in Union township, on which he lived until his death. This land was entered in 1837 in the office at La Porte, soon after which he settled on the land, deadened a lot of the timber and thus laid the foun- dations for his new home, and by good management had it all paid for in four years' time. April 15, 1841, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Davenport and in May they moved a part of their goods to their farm, and until sufficient timber could be hewed for a log house they lived in a tent and did their cooking out of doors. After everything was completed they went back to the old home place, where they farmed until the fall. November 18, 1841, they made a permanent settlement on their new farm, and although the weather was delightful the3' were lonesome, for they had no neighbors and there was little to be heard or seen, except wolves, deer and turkeys, which were very plentiful. Mr. Ulery had only $12 when he settled on his farm, yet he hired a man that winter to chop off the timber from some of his land, for which he paid him .$11 and thus had $1 left to carry him through until his wheat crop, which he had put out near Goshen, could be har- vested. Soon after making his settlement he took his team and wagon and drove to his father' 8 home, near Goshen, where he butchered two hogs and started for home the following morning, but his team became mired and could not pull the wagon out and he was compelled to unhitch his team and make his way home with- out his meat, leaving it to be feasted upon by the wolves. Upon his arrival home, at 10 o'clock that night, he was so disheartened that he told his wife if any one would give him 25 cents for his farm he could have it. He returned for his wagon in the morning and was surprised to find that the meat had been untouched. This was but one instance of the trials and hardships which beset the early pioneer, but the life was by no means devoid of plea.sure, for to the lover of the chase it offered many inducements, and as a hunter Mr. Ulery was counted among the best in the county. He inherited this characteristic from his father, John Ulery, who was one of the greatest bear hunters in Pennsylvania. Daniel Ulery, however, was never successsful enough to kill a bear, but many other specimens of wild game fell beneath the unerring aim of his rille. The first deer he killed after moving to Indi- ana, was in the fall of 1831, one mile northwest of Goshen, on the Elkhart Eiver, which he had to wade twice, although partly frozen over, in order to capture it. The deer proved to be a large one. He killed his second deer on the Elkhart Prairie, east of Goshen. During his time he went out hunting and killed eight deer with four shots from his rifle, two each time. His health was such that he was not able to do much manual labor and consequently had much time to devote to hunt- ing, and at one time be saw a drove of from sixty to seventy but could not get near enough to them to get a shot. In the winter, after killing and dressing a deer, he would hang it up on a sapling until he got ready to take it home, and often had four or five deer hanging in the woods at one time. When he went after his deer he would often tie two together, hang them across his horse, one on each side, and carry them home in that way. If the snow was deep he would make harness out of Linden bark, fasten two or three together and drag them home. Frequently he would take a sled with him where he had deer hanging and leave it until he was ready to return home, and during his long experience as a hunter he never had but one deer stolen from him while they hung in the woods. Where Nappanee now stands used to be Mr. Ulery' s favorite hunting ground, for for many years this was 424 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL where the deer would pass from the north to the south marsh. In the southeast part of the town there used to stand an old vacant building, called the Housour Home, and here Mr. Ulery deposited many deer to keep the wolves from devouring them. The last two deer that Mr. Ulery killed was on the 29th of December, 1865. He heard that three deer had possession of the woods northwest of Locke, and on that day Daniel Ulery with his son, L. D. Ulery, started in pursuit, one of their horses being provided with a bell which was to attract the attention of the deer, and two of the three animals were killed. Mr. Ulery never did any hunting later than the Ist of January. He used to dress his venisou nicely, sell the hind quarters at 12 to 20 cents per pound, and the hides sometimes brought him in as high as 65 cents per pound, a Mr. Clem purchasing the last lot at that price. He kept an account of the number of deer he killed and what they brought him until the number had reached over 500 when he lost his book; but he killed a great many after that. He was almost alwaj^s very successful in handling a guu, but one time accidentally shot and killed one of his horses while trying to bring down a deer for his father who was lying sick at his home near Goshen. But this loss was made good to him by his father, who sent him a good horse in payment, and by hunting soon made enough to purchase another horse. As a marksman he, perhaps, had no equal. One afternoon he went out into the woods and shot tifty-two squirrels, all through the head, not missing one. These he sold in Goshen, at sixpence apiece. The pastime of Isaac Walton was also a great source of pleasure to him, and he took great delight in fishing either with seine, net or spear. In his early days large tish were very numerous, and in the Elkhart River he speared one pike that weighed thirty-sis pounds after the head was taken off. He also did a great deal of fishing with the spear on the Syracuse Lake, taking in the large bass. He was also a fine swimmer and it made but little difference to him whether he was in water or on dry land; he could help himself. One night, while crossing Syracuse Lake with a Mr. Brumbaugh, he rose to look for the fire on the shore when the boat tipped to one side and threw him out. He swam around to the side of the boat and got in without upsetting it, but in falling lost his spear and the water being deep, he could not find it until two years later, when he saw the handle of the spear ten feet below the surface of the water, the moss having raised it up. He dived for it and secured it. For some time, when Daniel and his brothers were young men, they were very much annoyed by a Mr. Hawkins, who was putting up a grist-mill on the Elkhart River, one mile west of Goshen, and who very frequently desired their assistance. He kept this up so long that they at last got tired of it and concluded that the next time he came they would play a joke on him. As expected, he came one day when they were very busy, but all three agreed to go with him, and while crossing the river in a boat one of the boys deftly managed to upset it, and although Mr. Haw- kins managed to safely reach the shore it was the last time he asked their assistance. Many of his early adventures are still recalled by his children, to whom he related them. Indians were very numerous at fii'st, and in time became quite troublesome, owing to their thieving ways, but they were not hostile. Mr. Ulery was a good teamster and usually drove four horses. He used to haul a great deal of grain and produce from Goshen to Michigan City, and on returning would bring a load of salt back to Goshen, salt being then worth $10 per barrel. He was very handy with car- penter's and shoemaker's tools, and for many years made all the shoes worn by himself and family, or until boots came into style. The first shoes he purchased out of a store was in the fall of 1853, which practically ended his shoe business, for he saw that he could providehis family's footwear in an easier way. All his first furniture was made by himself, with the exception of chairs and bedsteads, and the pieces were all made of black walnut and cherry. There is only one piece of the old stock left and that is in possession of L. D. Ulery, viz., the cradle in which he and his brothers and sisters were rocked. Mr. Ulery made one of the first pair of bobsleds that was used in MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 425 .the township, also his first pump for his well, but this was not like the modern pump. The upper stock was made of black walnut, twenty inches in diameter, and was in use for about thirty-five years. He was very fond of a joke in his young days, and often played them upon the unsuspecting, but with such good humor that it was impossible to be angry with him. His wife performed her part in the domestic affairs of their pioneer life. Cooking stoves were not in use in those days, and the culinary equipments consisted of a big fireplace, with a broad hearth made of stone, generally; a "Dutch oven," in which the bread was baked; a skillet and a frying- pan. The fireplace was generally provided with a crane, on which to hang pots and the old-fashioned teakettle. Mrs. Ulery spun and wove her own linen, likewise her woolen goods. She spun her own sewing-thread and made all the summer and win- ter garments for the family, and did it all without any assistance. She still sur- vives, lives on the old homestead and is a member of the Dunkard Church, with which Mr. Ulery also kept the faith from 1855 until his death, holding the office of deacon from January 1, 1807. Like most boys he was very adventurous, and in childhood, while attempting to walk a clothesline he fell off and broke one of his arms. After he had moved with his parents out near Goshen, squirrels became very numerous and did great damage to the crops, and one time in attempting to catch a number that had taken refuge in a tree, he caught hold of two limbs, gave a sud- den jerk, when both gave way with him and he fell heavily to the ground, breaking both arms and putting one wrist out of place. Although his arms soon healed his wrist bothered him for a number of years. In the fall before he moved onto his farm he put out a wheat crop on the old farm, and at the harvest time the neigh- bors' boys and his brothers attempted to "hoist'' him, as was customary, and in the good-natured scuffle his body became twisted in such a way that three of his ribs were broken and his back so severely injured that for seven years he was not able to chop his own firewood or stoop to do any kind of work. This was a great hindrance to him, commencing, as he did, on a pioneer woodland farm. In the year 1874, after harvest, misfortune again visited bim, for his barn was struck by light- ning, and, besides the building, all his wheat, his hay crop, two horses, wagons, bug- gies, 400 bushels of old wheat, and many other things, were burned. In 1882 a heavy storm came up, and after his boys had taken a load of hay into the barn. Father Tilery went to close the door, but just then a little girl ran in front of the door, and to protect her he held to the door and was thrown off the barn bridge a distance of twelve feet, striking his arm on a mower and breaking it near the shoulder. This left that arm crippled the remainder of his life. He continued to have fair health until about one year befoi'e his death, when he began to fail, heart trouble setting in. He was alwaj's very much interested in school affairs, and after much hard work he managed to get a school started in his district, and although it was a log structure covered with clapboards and furnished in the most primitive style, yet it answered the purpose, and here his children received their first instruction in the paths of learning. Mr. Ulery was township trustee for some time, and this gave him a good opportunity to work up the school system, of which he was not slow to avail himself. Later, the first rude school structure gave place to a hewed-log house, which was in turn replaced by a frame building, and now a handsome and convenient brick biiilding occupies the site. Daniel Ulery succeeded in giving his children a fair education, and four of them became school-teachers. Their names are as follows: Levi D., who lives two miles east of Nappanee; Lydia, married John S. Wisler and lives south of Bremen; John D. , lives east of Nappanee; Catherine, married Alphens Wisler and resides in Harper county, Kas. ; Elizabeth, married Emanuel Whitehead and resides in Kosciusko county, Ind. ; Samuel, lives on the old home farm in Union township; Sarah, married William Ebersole and resides in Harper county, Kas. ; David, resides in Garrett, Ind., and is an employe on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. This family is honored wherever known, and are the descendants of a worthy scion of the house — their worthy 426 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL father, Daniel Uleiy, whose memory yet remains green in the hearts of his numer- ous friends and acquaintances, as well as by his own immediate family. Besides raising his own children, he adopted, at the age of two years, the daughter of Christian Souder (Mary A.), of New Paris. She is now living in Union township and is the wife of Samuel Smeltzer, by whom she has two living children. Levi D. Ulery was born in Union township, Elkhart county, Ind., on May 30, 1842, the eldest child l)orn to Daniel Ulery, one of the well-known old settlers of this section. In his youth he attended what was known as the Ulery school, in which he obtained a good education. He grew to manhood in Union township and on September 21, 1871, was married to Miss Catherine Kinsel, who was born in Ohio, October 1, 1847, the adopted daughter of Jacob R. NofFsinger. Mr. and Mrs. Ulery. after their marriage, settled on the farm where they now live and have suc- ceeded in making of it one of the pleasantest homes in the township. On this neat, well-tilled and productive farm of 100 acres, they have a substantial and handsome brick residence, in which they dispense a refined and generous hospitality to the numerous friends who gather beneath their roof-tree. Mr. and Mrs. Ulery have long been connected with the German Baptist Church, he being a deacon in that church, and he has always been very enthusiastic in his support of Republican principles, and has held a number of offices of trust. He has an interesting and intelligent family of six children whose names are as follows: William W., who was born June 20, 1872; Jesse C, born August 7, 1874; Minnie, boru February 5, 1878, and died January 17, 1879; Alviu J., born February 5, 1881; Ada, born March 5, 1883, and Mabel, born July 23, 1887. Like the majority of the intelligent and prosperous agriculturists of the present day, Mr. Ulery learned the details of his work on his father's farm, but a considerable portion of his early years was also spent in the timber, cutting wood and hauling lumljer to South Bend. His spare moments were given to hunting, in which he took great pleasure, and he became skilled in the use of the shotgun and the rifle. His start in life was made by dealing in timber and lumber and, although this school was a rough one, it taught him self-reliance and energ)', which attributes were of great benefit to him in later years. He comes of substantial, honorable and enterprising stock, is public spirited to a degree and is a law-abiding and worthy citizen, whose good qualities are seen and recognized by all who know him. John D. Ulery. During the forty-six years that have passed over the head of the gentleman whose name stands at the head of this sketch, he has witnessed a wonderful transformation in Elkhart county, and during all these years he has been an active observer of the trend of events. He has not been merely a "looker on in Venice," but a citizen who has. through his enterprise, his integrity and his public- spirit, contributed his full share to the magnificent development of the section in which he resides. He comes of an honored ancestry, for the well known old pioneer, Daniel Ulery, was his father, from whom he inherited many of his most worthy characteristics. He was the third of his children and first saw the light of day on the old home farm in Union township, February 3, 1846, and like the majority of farmer's boys of that region, obtained his initiatory education in what was known far and near as the Ulery School. This he alternated with tilling the soil until he had almost attained man's estate, when he quit school to devote his attention to agricultural pursuits, which calling occupied his time and attention until he was about twenty-seven years of age. He then, on March 10, 1872, united his fortunes with those of Mary J. Whitehead, who was the youngest child born to Valentine and Margaret (Lentz) Whitehead; the former was a son of Valentine and Elizabeth (Rodebaugh) Whitehead, who were of German descent and were early pioneers of Pennsylvania and Ohio. Valentine lost his wife, Elizabeth, in Ohio, after which he removed to the Hoosier State and died in Elkhart county in 1867, at which time he was a retired farmer and nearly ninety years of age. He was the father of eleven children, all of whom are dead, with the exception of three: Louis, Peter MEMOIRS OF IXDmXA. 427 and David. Valentine, one of the children of the above mentioned family, was the father of Mrs. John Ulery. He removed to Indiana at an early day, having mar- ried Margaret Lentz. in Ohio, and settled on a woodland farm of 160 acres in Jackson township. Elkhart county, which he did much to improve prior to his death, which occurred on July 24, 1851. He was a member of the German Baptist Church, a Democrat in early life and afterward became a Republican in political principle, although he but seldom exercised the privilege of suffrage. Five children were the result of his union: Lucinda, wife of Joseph B. Haney, was born December 13, 1842; Samuel, a carpenter of Goshen, was born in 1845; Jacob is a farmer of Bates county. Mo. ; Emanuel, of Kosciusko county, lud., is married to Elizabeth Ulery, by whom he has four children — Argus, Jesse, Clayton and Calvin; Mary J. is the wife of John D. Ulery. After the death of her husband, Mrs. Whitehead married John D. Miller, of New Paris, who was born near Dayton, Ohio, in 1812, a son of David Miller (a more complete sketch of this gentleman is found in the sketch of David B. Miller). He has resided for years in the vicinity of New Paris, where he is highly honored and esteemed. Mrs. Miller is now seventy-one years of age, but is still healthy and active. To her union with Mr. Miller three children were given: Evaline, Ira and Perry. Mr. and Mrs. Miller are residents of Jackson township, Elkhart county. Mrs. John D. Ulery was born in this county, February 11, 1852, and has presented her husband with two children: Edward W., born December 13, 1872, who has the principal charge of the home farm and is a steady, kindly and intelligent young man, and Lizzie, who was born November 28, 1874, and is an accomplished young lady. Mr. Ulery is classed among the foremost citizens of Union township, and is at the head of his business, owing to the energy aud en- terprise he has displayed. He owns an exceptionally fertile farm of 135 acres, on which are probably the best buildings of any farm in the township. He is a man of wealth and owns an interest in the Nappanee Furniture Company, as well as in other paying interests. He has followed in his father's footsteps in regard to meet- ing with accidents, as well as in other respects, for on July 4, 1881, he was badly injured by a reaping machine and for about a year thereafter was an invalid. He is deservedly classed among the public spirited and intelligent men of the county and his warm jsersoual friends can be numbered by the score. Mrs. Ulery is a member of the German Baptist Church. Her maternal grandfather came to this country at an early day, having started from his native land a rich man. The voyage by water occupied nine months, and upon lauding he found himself without means, owing to the tyranny and dishonesty of the captain of the vessel. On this voyage some three hundred soiils died. Mr. and Mrs. Ulery took to rear as their own child, David A. Leatherman, who, at that time was six years of age, and the orphan son of John and Elizabeth Leatherman, gave him every advantage and provided means for him to graduate from the University at Valparaiso, Ind. He is a young man of much promise and at the present time is a traveling man. He re- mained with his foster parents until he was twenty years old and still holds them in grateful and honored remembrance, for they proved to him a friend in his need and were alwaj^s as kind and thoughtful of his wants as though he were one of their own family. This is but one instance of the many kind and disinterested actions done by Mr. Ulery in his walk through life, and clearly indicated the true character of the man. Samuel Ulery is the sixth child born to Daniel Ulery, his birth occurring in Union township, Elkhart Co., Ind., April 20, 1852, and after acquiring a good edu- cation in the district schools in the vicinityofhisrural home, he began life for himself as a school teacher. He received therearing thatis usually given the pioneer farmer's boy, i. e., his days were spent in clearing the home farm aud in following the plow, during which time he attained to vigorous manhood, and improved both muscle and brain by the healthful outdoor life he lead. When about the age of twenty-three years he decided that it was not good for man to live alone, and for his companion 438 PICTORIAL AJS^D BIOGRAPHICAL through life he chose Miss Sarah A. Martin, a native of Montgomery county, Ohio, and daughter of David and Sarah (Miller) Martin, the former of whom was an Ohioau, of which State his father was an early settler. The mother was a daughter of Abraham Miller, an early pioneer of Montgomery county, Ohio. Mrs. Ulery's parents are still living in Preble county, where thej' brought up their eight children: Sarah, Mariah, William, Lydia, Nancy, Lizzie, John and David. Mrs. Ulery's birth occurred November 16, 1852, and she attained womanhood on the old home farm in Preble county, her union with Mr. Ulery being celebrated there. She has presented her husband with the following children: Charles E. , born October 24, 1875; Ida B., born April 22, 1878; Bertha M., born October 4, 1882; May C, born April 22, 1884; Daniel A., born September 25, 1887, and Vernie E., born July 6, 1892. Mr. Ulery and his wife support the doctrines of the German Baptist Church, and are living on the old Ulery homestead, where they have a finely improved tract of land of 158 acres, all of which is very fertile notwithstanding the fact that it is one of the oldest farms in the county. Mr. Ulery has always supported Republican princi- ples, and is a wide-awake, public spirited citizen. He has held offices of trust in his township and school district, and has at all times given his support to worthy enter- prises. He and his wife are among the prominent citizens of the county, and as such are recognized. Joseph C. Ullert is one of the wide-awake and progressive tillers of the soil of Green township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., of which he has been one of the public-spir- ited residents for many years. He was born in Miami county, Ohio, January 22, 1842, to George A. Ullery and wife, natives of Prussia, who came to this country in 1828, and after a five years' residence in Pennsylvania, removed by wagon to Miami county, Ohio, where he purchased a farm on which he made his home until his death, at the extreme old age of ninety-four years. He was a soldier in Napoleon Bonaparte's army, and distinguished himself in a number of severe engagements, in one of which he was captured by the English, who gave him his choice of remaining in prison or joining the English army, and he prudently chose the latter. He was brought to this country as a member of the British army, and was a participant in three en- gagements in Maine. At the end of four years he was taken back to England, and there discharged from the service. He immediately returned to Prussia, and from there came to the United States to seek a home for himself and family, and eventually passed from life in Ohio as above stated. His wife, whose maiden name was Marie C. Wittig, was also born in Prussia, and bore her husband eleven children, of whom the immediate subject of this sketch was the youngest. He came from Ohio to St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1859, located in the vicinity of South Bend, and there engaged in farming. September 7, 1862, he was married to Miss Mary I. Robertson, daughter of Daniel D. and Esther Robertson, and on the farm on which he now resides he settled immediately after his marriage, and there resided for six years. He then went to Iowa, and after living in that State for about six years, returned to the vicinity of South Bend, and there has since been content to make his home. His farm is carefully looked after and is devoted, not only to raising the usual cereals, but to stockraising also, a specialty being made of Chester White swine. He served in the Union army from September, 1864, to May 10, 1865, in the Fifty-third Indiana Regi- ment, and during that time was on detailed service. He was justice of the peace a number of years in Green township, was township clerk all the time he was in Iowa, and is a member of the board of directors of the Northern Indiana and Southern Michigan Agricultural Association. He has one daughter. Myrtle A., who was born in Iowa February 4, 1871. At the early age of fifteen years she began school teach- ing, and is now one of the most successful educators of St. Joseph county. Mr. Ullery is a member of the G. A. R., and belongs to the co-operative association known as the Union Threshing Company, which has been in successful operation for six- teen years. Daniel D. Robertson was born in Warren county, Ohio, September 10, 1815, and in 1824 moved to Indiana and located in Wayne county with his father, MEMOIRS OF lyDIASA. 429 ■where he was engaged in farming and harness making until 1836, at which time St. Joseph county, Ind. , became his home, and here he resided, in Green township, un- til his death, on September 7, 1S91, at the age of seventy-six years. His wife was a daughter of John Bishop, and was born in Waj-oe county, Ind., January 31, 1832, and died September 11, 1891, her husband having passed away on the 7th, only three days before. They were buried together September 12, in the Sumption Prairie Cemetery, Green township, St. Joseph Co., Ind. Joseph TTlert. deceased, was one of the iirst settlers of Clay township, and owed his nativity to Huntingdon, Penn., where he was born about the year 1779, to Stephen Ulery and wife. The paternal grandfather was a German by birth, and during the very early history of this country came thither and took up his residence in Pennsylvania at a period when the ludians were quite troublesome. Stephen Ulery was born in Pennsylvania in 1751, and throughout life followed the occupation of farming in that State, his death occurring in 1836, at the age of eighty-five years and five months. He reared a family of three sons and three daughters. Joseph, like his worthy father before him, was reared to a farm life, and upon starting out to light the battle of life for himself, it was but natural that he should choose that as his life's calling. He was married about 1803, to Miss Catherine Cripe, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1782, to John Cripe, who was one of the early settlers of Montgomery county, Ohio, where he lived until his death. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Ulery resulted in the birth of thirteen children: Samuel, Susie, Betsy, Stephen, John, Joseph, Jacob. Mary, Hannah, Catherine. Barbara, David and Esther. In 1807 Mr. Ulery, with his family, emigrated from Pennsylvania to Moutgomery county, Ohio, where he had entered 166 acres of land the year before, and on this land he erected a log cabin and at once began the arduous work of clearing. Four years later he settled on another woodland farm nearer the town of Dayton, where he remained until the fall of 1836, when he removed to St. Joseph county, Ind., for the purpose of procuring more land, as he had a large family and desired to provide for them properly. The family arrived in Clay township September IS, 1836, being twelve days on the road, and settled on land where St. Mary's Academy now stands, in the vicinity of which Mr. Ulery had entered nearly one thousand acres about 1831. There had been no improvements whatever made at the time of their settle- ment, and they at once began to erect a log house, 16x20 feet. In this they lived until the spring of 1838, when they settled on Palmer's Prairie on which Mr. Ulery eventually died in 1869, being over ninety years of age. His wife died several years earlier, when seventy-three years old. Stephen Ulery, son of Joseph, was born in Huntingdon county, Penn., April 12, 1806, and was but one year old when his par- ents removed to Montgomery county, Ohio, where his first knowledge of the " world of books'" was acquired in the old-time subscription schools, but when quite young he was apprenticed to the woolen manufacturer's trade, at which he continued to work for four years. At the end of that time he had become sufficiently well versed in the business to assume its management, and he successfully conducted the bus- iness for ten years. He was married in April, 1827, to Elizabeth dinger, a native of Maryland, and four children were born of this union: Daniel; Mary, deceased; Christiana and Susan. At the time he removed to St. Joseph county, Ind., his father sold the woolen mill of which Stephen had charge and which he operated for one- third of the product, and since coming to Indiana he has devoted his entire time and attention to farming. He first entered 160 acres of land, but had deeded a portion of the same to his children, although he has retained a good farm for him- self. Although he has attained to the advanced age of eighty-six years, he has an excellent memory and is quite active. His wife was called from life July 5, 1881, both being members of the German Baptist Church. Politically, he has always been a Republican. Joseph Ulery, son of Joseph and Catherine (Cripe) Ulery, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, October 15, 1809, and the occupation of farming has always received his attention. He was married in his native county June 10, 1831, 430 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL to Mary dinger, a native of Pennsylvania, wbo, when young, was taken by her par ents to Ohio. To Mr. and Mrs. Ulery four children were given: Catherine; Many; Joseph and Sarah A., deceased. Mr. Ulery came with his people to this section in 1836, and still resides on the farm on which he first located. Although the land was wholly unimproved, he at once erected a log cabin and began clearing his land of timber and brushwood, and although tliis was slow work, he was eventually suc- cessful, and in time his 160 acres of land was one of the best improved places in the township. At the present time his home farm consists of ninety-seven acres, of which twenty acres are timber land. He is a worthy and active member of the German Baptist Church, and politically a Republican. Although he is quite advanced in years, he is still quite active, and during the fifty-six years that he has resided in Clay township has been considered one of her foremost citizens. He was left a widower in December, 1887, and is now living retired from the active duties of life. S.\MUEL F. Uleky is a descendant of one of the pioneer families of Elkhart county, Ind., and inherits many of the worthy and sterling traits of his German ancestors. His great-grandfather came to this country about 1790, and spelled his name Ulrieh, but this has been Anglicized to Ulery. He was married in this country to Miss Elizabeth Leer, located in the vicinity of Johnstown, Penu., where he owned a valley farm, over which the great flood of May, 1888, swept. In 1818 he sold this farm with the intention of moving to Ohio, and for that purpose he and his family went down the Ohio River on a boat and settled on a farm two miles west of Dayton, Ohio, upon which they lived until 1831, when they sold out and took up their resi- dence in Elkhart county, purchasing land one mile west of Goshen, where Mr. Ulery's death occurred in 1846. After his location in Indiana he made eleven trips over the road on horseback from Goshen to Dayton, Ohio. His children were: Samuel, Daniel, John, Levi, Jacob and Lydia. Samuel, the eldest of this family, was born December 25, 1812, and was brought up on his father's farm in Cambria county, Penn. , and at the age of six years was taken by them to Dayton, Ohio, and in 1831 came with them to Goshen, and here he assisted his father in clearing the home farm, which consisted of 240 acres. At the time of their settlement there were but two houses in Goshen and two small stores. Elder Jacob Studebaker was the first Dunkard preacher to move near Goshen, and he gave the Bible name to the town. Samuel Ulery had limited education, but he was a typical pioneer, being a great hunter and very fond of fishing. His brother, Daniel, was also very fond of the chase, and during the days of plentiful game, killed over five hundred deer, of which he kept an account. The early pioneers made considerable money in hunting deer and other wild animals, besides supplying their families with meat, and Samuel Ulery and his brother were not behind the early settlers in so doing. Samuel was married to Miss Mary Fease, and their union resulted in the birth of ten children: Elizabeth, Jacob, John, David, Lydia, Hannah, Benjamin, Samuel, Mary and Sarah A., all of whom lived to reach mature years. Samuel Ulery entered and settled on 160 acres of wild land in Clinton township, which he, in time, cleared and converted into a good farm, and on which his children were born and reared, and his widow now resides. Like his worthy father, he was a devout member of the Dunkard Church, was the soul of honor in every transaction, and was trusted as guardian for a number of orphan children, and was administrator of several estates. He was interested in the cause of education, assisted in establishing good schools, and as his views on all subjects were sound and practical, his advice on various matters was often sought by his neighbors, and was given in a cheerful and deferential, yet decided manner. He was followed to the grave by a large concourse of people, for he had won the hearty liking and respect of all with whom he came in contact, and in this manner they testified their regard and respect to his memory. Samuel F. Ulery, his son, and the immediate subject of this notice, first saw the light of day June 17, 1849, on his father's farm, and here his first labor as a tiller of the soil was MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 431 done, for when he was not pursuing his studies in the district school near his rural home, he was wielding the hoe or following the plow. Upon attaining manhood he married Sarah Schrock, daughter of Jacob D. and Lydia (Kenagy) Schrock, and to their union two sons were given: Charles C. and Melvin C For some time after his marriage Mr. Ulery resided on the old homestead, but in 1877 he moved on to a portion of his present farm, which then consisted of forty acres, but by determined effort and unceasing industry he increased his farm to 142 acres, upon which he has made many valuable improvements, and now has a neat and well-tilled farm, of which he may well feel proud, as it is the result of his own and his worthy wife's hard and persistent toil. In 1889 he built a pretty and tasteful residence, which is fitted up with many modern improvements and conveniences, and is furnished in an attractive and beautiful manner, showing many evidences of refined and cultivated taste. Much time and labor has heen e.xpended upon the lawn, and it is dotted with beautiful trees and ornamental shrubs. Taking it all in all, it presents the most beautiful and tasteful appearance of any place in the county, and is a credit to both Mr. and Mrs. Ulery. Mr. Ulery is a practical tiller of the soil, a stockraiser, and deals quite extensively in blooded horses. He is a Democrat politically, has been school director for years, and has given his sens good educations. He and his wife and their son Melvin C. belong to the Progressive Dunkard Church, but Charles is a member of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Ulery has set a good example in regard to beautifying and adorning his home, and being very progressive he keeps thor- oughly apace with the times, not only in regard to the conduct and management of his farm, but on the current topics of the day. He stands high as an intelligent and public-spirited citizen, and throughout his useful career his honor has never been questioned. His son Charles was married to Miss Eva Gronker, by whom he has one child. He is a farmer of Clinton township. Mr. and Mrs. Ulery have an adopted daughter named Cora, whom they are giving a good education, the comforts of a beautiful home, and the affection of a daughter. John Ulery is a worthy member of the old pioneer Ulery family of Elkhart county. His grandfather was a Pennsylvanian by birth, and from there first removed to Montgomery county, Ohio, and then to Elkhart county, Ind., and in 1833 settled on the Elkhart road, one mile from Goshen. He married Elizabeth Leer and was the father of seven children: Samuel, Daniel, John, Jacob, Levi, Susan and Lydia. The father of these children was an industrious, enterprising pioneer, and owing to his own efforts became the owner of a large amount of real estate, and assisted each of his children to a good start in life. He was a Dunkard in his religious views and like all who profess that faith, he was earnest, sincere and strictly honorable. His son Samuel was also born oq Pennsylvania soil and when his parents made their various changes of residence he remained with them and received such education as could be obtained in the schools of his day. After his arrival in Elkhart county he put in a small crop for his father and otherwise assisted him to get settled. He was later married to Mary Fease who bore him the following children: Elizabeth, Jacob, John, David, Lydia, Hannah, Benjamin, Samuel, Mary and Sarah A. After his marriage he lived two years on Elkhart Prairie, then came to Clinton township and entered 160 acres of land, which he succeeded in clearing after many a month of hard labor. For a further history of the family see sketch of Samuel F. Ulery. His son John, whose name heads this sketch, was born in Clinton township, February 17, 1840, received a common-school education and in his youth was initiated into the mysteries of farming, a calling he has followed throughont life with good results. At the age of tweuty-tive years on the 25th of December, 1864, he was married to Mary, daugther of Jonathan and Saloma (Wyland) Myers the former of whom was one of the respected jiioneer farmers of the county. His father, Jacob Myers, was of Pennsylvania Dutch stock from Lancaster county, h\xi afterward became a resi- dent of Alontgomery county, Ohio. He was the father of children as follows: David, Jonathan, Barbara, Katie, Elizabeth, George, John and Daniel. Jacob Mvers resided 432 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL on a farm in Ohio until quite an old man, when he came to Indiana and lived with his Boa Jonathan until his death at the age of eighty-six years, at which time he was in full communion with the Dunkard Church. Jonathan Myers was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, August 17, 1816, and although he received but few advantages, he learned to read and write. He came to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1827, at which time he was about twenty-one years of age, and entered eighty acres of land in Clinton township, but returned to Montgomer}' county later and was there married in 1838, after which he returned to his claim in Indiana with his young bride. He cleared and improved his land and increased it to 380 acres, in fact, became wealthy, for besides being intelligent and far-seeing, he was energetic. He was a deacon for many years in the Dunkard Church, was a devout Christian and wielded much influence in his church. His children were: Elizabeth, Jacob, John, Mary, Sarah and Esther. He lived to be seventy-five years of age, dying on the 26th of March, 1892. Mr. and Mrs. John Ulerv are the parents of two sons: William H., born August 11, 1866, and Ira A., born April, 28, 1869. In 1865 Mr. Ulery bought a farm of ninety acres in Clinton township, and as he received seventy acres with his wife, he now has control of 160 acres. He is a practical agriculturist, his efforts have been prospered, and he stands deservedly high owing to his honest and straightforward course through life. Like all the members of his family he is a Dunkard in his religious views, and politically is a stanch Democrat. His son William H. was married to Phoebe E., daughter of Jacob and Mary A. Stutzman, and by her he is the father of two children. He is a farmer and is well educated, as is also his brother. The latter, Ira A., attended the Normal College at Millersburg two terms, and both are energetic and exemplary young men. Jacob L. Uleet is a member of a pioneer family of this county, the meml)ers of which are numerous, prosperous and honorable. The founder of the family came from Germany and located in Pennsylvania, where the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, Daniel Ulery, became a successful tiller of the soil, and was married in Cambria county to Susannah Miller, which union eventually resulted in the birth of eight children: Jacob. John, Elizabeth, Susan, Mary, Esther, Hannah and Sarah. Mr. Ulery was a progressive agriculturist, was for many years a Dunkard preacher, and taught his children the religious principles which had so long been followed by the members of the family. His son, Jacob, was born in Cambria county, Penn., and in the State of his birth was married to Susan, daughter of Jacob and Lydia (Ulery) Leer, and in due course of time six children gathered about their fireside: Daniel, Jacob, John, Mary, Susan and Lydia. In 1817, with his wife and three children, he removed to Ohio and settled near the city of Dayton, where he was called from life in 1821, at the untimely age of thirty-three years. His son. Jacob L. , owes his nativit}' to Cambria county, Penn., for there he first saw the light of day on January 9, 1812. He was taken to Ohio when five years of age, and, owing to the early taking off of the head of the family, he obtained but little education, but through his own efforts managed to learn to read and write. He resided in the vicinity of Dayton, Ohio, until eighteen j-ears of age, and learned the carpenter's trade, but in 1830 came to Elkhart county, Ind., with his mother and step-father, Jacob Studebaker, his brothers, John and Daniel, coming at the same time. Mr. Studebaker settled one mile west of Goshen, where he followed the trade of a car- penter, and also preached the doctrines of the Dunkard Church, being ordained a minister of that denomination by Daniel Cripe, who was the first Dunkard preacher in northern Indiana. Jacob L. Ulery worked at the carpenter's trade with Mr. Studebaker, and with him erected the first building in Goshen in 1831. This was a store, and was built for three men by the name of McCord, Hanes and Norris. A log cabin stood a short distance away, but was never considered in the town. It was a liquor store kept by a man by the name of Bissel. After following his trade for four years, during which time he erected many of the early buildings of the town, among which was the first court-house, he went to Montgomery county. MEMOIRS OF IXDI.iyA. 433 Ohio, in 1833, and was there united in marriage to Miss Susannah, daughter of Andrew and Catherine (Broombaugh) Warner, after which he returned to Goshen and settled on some new and unbroken land three miles northwest of the town on the Elkhart road. After residing there from 1834 to 1836 he moved to his present farm, which then consisted of 160 acres, and was heavily covered with timl^er. He swung his ax to such a purpose that he soon had his laud cleared and under culti- vation, and liy industry and perseverance put it in good farming condition. He has always been public spirited, and has done his full share of work in developing the county and bringing it up to its full standard of agricultural excellence. He has always adhered to the faith of his fathers and is a Dunkard in religious belief, and has reared his children in the same faith. Their names are as follows: Levi, Lydia, Mary, Solomon, Elizabeth, Susan, Jacob, Aaron, Sarah and Amanda. John Ulery, a brother of Jacob and uncle of the subject of this sketch, came to this section from Montgomery county, Ohio, in 1833, and lirought his family with him, settling on the Elkhart road, one mile from Goshen. He married Elizabeth Leer, an aunt of the subject of this sketch, and the names of their children, and a brief account of them- selves, is given in the sketch of John Ulery. Jacob L. Ulery is now in his eighty- first year, and, although his hair is covered with the frost of years, his intellect shows but little the ravages of time, and his memory carries him backward to pio- neer days. Levi Ulery is a descendant of Samuel Ulery, who came from Germany to this country and settled in the vicinity of the now famous Johnstown, Penn., where he brought up his family consisting of the following children: Jacob, John, Hannah, Madalina, Mary, Sallie and Esther. He was a farmer and minister of the Dunkard Church and died on the farm in Pennsylvania, where he had labored so many years. John, his son, was born on this farm, in Cambria county, and was married to Mrs. Elizabeth Stutzman, who bad formerly been a Miss Leer, and, their union resulted in the birth of seven children: Samuel, Daniel, Susan, John, Jacob, Lydia and Levi. After the birth of three of his children Mr. Ulery moved to Washington county, Ohio, and settled on a tract of timber land, where, like the majority of pioneers, he labored faithfully early and late and in time cleared his land from the woods and carved him a fine home out of the forests. In 1833 he took up his abode in Elkhart county, Ind.. the journey thither being made in a four- horse Pennsylvania wagon, two other like vehicles and four teams being employed to convey the remainder of his goods thither. He took up his residence on 240 acres of land one mile northwest of Goshen, nearly all of which was covered with timber, and with the help of his stalwart sons he cleared this land and made one of the best farms in the county. He added to his original purchase until he at one time owned 740 acres of land, and when his sons left the shelter of the parental roof to make homes for themselves, he gave each of them a farm, the dower of each of his daughters being a considerable sum of money. Mr. Ulery was one of the founders of the Duukard Church in Elkhart county, assisted largely in increasing its membership, but died at the age of fifty-nine years, before his plans had been perfected. The natal day and year of his son Levi, the subject of this sketch, was October 7, 1822, his birth occurring in Montgomery county, Ohio, where he re- ceived the common-school education usually giveij the youth of his time, until he was eleven years of age, at which time he located with his parents in Elkhart county. He was brought up to the hard work of clearing and grubljing land, split- ting rails, etc., but while so doing strengthened his muscles and acquired a tine physique, and upon establishing a home of his own at the age of twent3'-nine years he was presented with a good farm of eighty acres by his father. His marriage to Miss Susannah Bushard, who was born on July 12, 1834, took place in the month of October, 1852, she being a daughter of Ellis and Rebecca (Bosil) Bussard. She bore Mr. Ulery the following children: Solomon, born April 13, 1853; Amos, born October 12, 1858; Sarah A., born October 26, 1860; Amanda, born August 24, 1862; 434 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL William, born July 24, 1864; Enoch, born AjsrilS, 1866, and Jesse, born December 25, 1867. Mr. Ulery is now the owner of 100 acres of land, which his tlirift and energy has made into a very valuable farm. He has been a deacon in the Dunkard Church for more than twenty years in the doctrines of which church his wife is also a be- liever. Mr. Ulery is a very quiet and unpretentious man and like many of the members of his church he takes no interest in politics. All his children have re- ceived fair educational avantages, and he has taken much interest in having good schools and good roads in his township. He stands deservedly high for integrity of character, industry and straightforward adherence to good moral principles, in which he has set a good example to his children, both by precept and example. His son Solomon is a clerk in a grocery store in Goshen, and is married to Ella Burns. Sarah married Samuel Johnson, of Goshen, and is the mother of three children; Mary E. married Nicholas Woods, of Goshen, and has one child; Amanda married Aaron Cripe, a farmer of Harrison township, by whom she has one child; William married Lillie Plauk by whom he has one child, and is a baker of Goshen; Enoch married Fannie by whom he has one child, and is in the grocery business in Goshen, in which business he is doing well. The Wisler Familt. Among the distinguished old families of Elkhart county, Ind. , none are more worthy of mention than the Wislers, the founder of the family in this section being John Wisler, a native of Bucks county, Penn., where he first saw the light of day in 1800, his parents being Christian and Susan (Halderman) Wisler, the former of whom was born during the Revolutionary period in the State of Pennsylvania, of German parents. He made his home in the State of his nativ- ity until he paid the last debt of nature, and there reared to honorable maturity a family of ten children, leaving them, upon his death, not only a good properly to be divided among them, but what was rather to be desired than great riches — the heritage of an honorable name. The names of the members of this family were as follows: Jonas (who died when young), John, Elizabeth, Anthony, Hannah, Jacob (who settled in Harrison township at an early day and became the father of John W. Wisler, an extensive importer of horses), Samuel, Mary, Sarah and Susan. The most of these children married, moved west, and a number settled in Elkhart county, Ind. Their father died in 1830 and the mother in 1835, in Ohio, at which time both were quite aged. Of their children John was the one to establish the family in Elkhart county, Ind., as above stated. When a young man of twenty summers he went to Columbiana county, Ohio, where he entered some Government land, opened up a farm and made his home for a number of years. In 1824 he gave his heart and hand to Miss Sophia Stauffer, a daughter of Henry and Mary Stauffer, who were early pioneers of Ohio from Westmoreland county, Penn., the former's birth occurring February 8, 1776, and the latter's July 15, 1779. their respective deaths taking place February 20, 1854, and August 5, 1824. They reared eight children, as follows: John, born December 7, 1796; Elizabeth, July 14, 1799; Joseph, September 30, ISOl; Jacob, Mav 18, 1804; Sophia, August 12, 1806; Mary, April 1, 1809; Henry, August 8, 1812; and Abraham, September 12, 1814. The most of these children reached mature years and several of them settled in Indiana. In the spring of 1849 John Wisler and his family emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled on the farm now owned by Jacob H. Wisler, on the line of Union and Locke townships. He entered land to the extent of 160 acres, on which he started to build a home at once, and also soon began clearing his property, which was heavily covered with timber. He was a strong Republican throughout life, and at all times manifested much interest in the popular questions of the day. He voted for William Henry Harrison, also for his grandson. Benjamin Harrison, and at the time of casting his last vote he had sons, grandsons and great-grandsons, forty in all, who also cast their votes for Gen. Benjamin Harrison. During his early residence in the State, for twenty years he carried the mail summer and winter from Elkhart to his neighbors. He was well known in Elkhart county and enjoyed the 1 J^ sr* f t \ i r ■ 'i r FRANKLIN MILES, M. D. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 437 friendship of maQy. He was a pleasant companion even xip to bis last days, and although he passed through many hardships during the pioneer days of this section, he never lost his geuiality of character, his kindness of heart and his warm sym- pathy with the cause of tbe oppressed. He died in 1890 at the patriarchal age of ninety years, haviag for many years been a member of the Mennouite Church. He was well known for the pulilic spirit he always mauifested, and in the home circle he was kiud, considerate and generous, as well as employing these qualities in his relations with others. His wife, Sophia, was born in 1806 and died in Elkhart county in 1876, she being also a member of the Meunonite Church, and in every sense of the word a helpmate to her husband. She bore her husband eleven chil- dren, as follows: Mary A. became the wife of Samuel Hoover, of Union township; Henry, who is a farmer of La Grange county, Ind., became the father of nine chil- dren, three of whom are dead; Isaac, a resident of Lock township; Jacob; Jonas; Sarah, wife of Samuel Ruckman, of Nappauee; Anthony, who is a prominent farmer of Harper county, Kan.; John S., a resident of Marshall county, Ind. ; Alpheus, a farmer of Harper county, Kan. ; and Cornelius, also of that State and county. Two children died young. The sons who are living are well-to-do farmers, and the most of them are practical mechanics. John ^Yisler tilled his large farm until 1870, when he sold it to his son Jacob, who at present resides on it with his family. The life of John Wisler is a good illustration of the old saying that " there is no royal road to fortune," for throughout his long and well-spent life he found that in his case wealth could be accumulated only by the exercise of brain and muscle, and for this reason he labored early and late in order to acquire a competence for his family, and in the confidence, respect and affection with which his wife and children regarded him, he realized that the end justified the means. Jonas Wisler was the fourth child born to John and Sophia Wisler, his birth occurring in Green township, Columbiana county, Ohio, April 3, 1831, and there on the home farm he grew to manhood, his youthful days being spent at farm work and in attending the public schools of his day, which were conducted in the vicinity of his rural home. His father owned quite an extensive distillery and many of his early days were spent in that establishment. At the age of twenty-one years he de- cided to commence the battle of life for himself, and about one year later was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth J. Wilson, a native of Virginia and a daughter of Samuel aad Mary (Daugherty) Wilson, the former of whom first saw the light of day in the old dominion in 1790, and was a son of Richard and Ann ( Anderson) Wilson, who crossed the ocean to this country from England when young. Samuel Wilson was married in Virginia and with his wife moved to Indiana in 1837 and located near Waterford, in Elkhart county, but at the end of a few years moved to Harrison township, and at a still later period to Locke township, and on a farm in that section he and his worthy wife passed from life. Samuel Wilson was one of the early pioneers of this section, was a great hunter in early times, and died in Elkhart county in 18-17, at the age of fifty-seven years, at which time he was an earnest member of the United Brethren Church, an honorable and public-spirited citizen, and politically a Democrat. His wife, Mary Daugherty, was born in Maryland and her union with Mr. Wilson resulted in the birth of seven children: Andrew J., who died at the age of twenty-one years, in 1841; Mary (Mrs. Stewart), of Union town- ship; Reuben, and an unnamed infant that died in early childhood; Isaiah, a resident of Nebraska; Washington, who was a farmer of Marshall county, died in 1891; Elizabeth is the wife of Mr. Jonas Wisler; and Alexander, who died in 1860, at the age of twenty-one. The mother of these children died in 1865, on December 14, and like her husband, was in full communion with the Lutheran Church at the time of her death. Mrs. Wisler was born on March 16, 1835, and was an infant at the time of her parents' removal to Elkhart county, and on the farm on which she and her husband are now happily residing, she grew up. Like her parents before her, she is a member of the United Brethren Church and has endeavored to rear her 26 438 PICTORIAL AJS'D BIOGRAPHICAL children in that belief. She has borne her husband seven children, three of whom are living: John W.. born May 24:, 1857; Ella J. was born on October 11, 1S60, is the wife of Josiah Smeltzer, of Nappanee, hy whom she has had three children; Jonas J., deceased, and Charles L. and Ray V. are living; and Sarah S., who was born September 4, 1865, married Charles W. Camp, of Garrett, and has one child, Maude E. The children who are deceased are: Huldah. who was born April 30, 1854, and died March 20, 1873; Loriug \\ ., born April 1, 1856, and died May 15, 1856; Samuel M., born July 16, 1858, and died in January, 1859; and Mary S., born May 23, 1S63, and died August 23, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler are prominent in the affairs of the county, and esjaecially so in their township, and are law abiding, generous and kind-hearted. Besides their own children they have reared other children to manhood and womanhood — Martin Troxel and Mary M. Berk. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler have a large circle of warm friends and are prominent in chiirch affairs. Their children who are living are well-to-do and are among the highly respected citizens of the township. Mr. Wisler is a Republican in politics and has held a number of minor offices in his section. In early days he and his brother, Isaac, were iu the manufacturing business at Locke, where thej' carried on a thriving trade; but for a number of years past Mr. Wisler has been successfully engaged in tilling the soil and is now in good circumstances and in an independent finan- cial condition. The establishment of enterprises for the benefit of his section has always found in Mr. Wisler a liberal and active supporter, churches, schools, good roads, etc., being the principal objects of his assistance and encouragement. John W. Wisler, his son, was born May 24, 1857, in the town of Locke, Ind., and on his father's farm in that township he grew to manhood, his literary education being acquired in the schools of his district and the village school of Locke. Possessing a mind which was quick to grasp at all objects and ideas that presented them- selves, he made good progress in his studies and acquired a practical business education. He worked in his father's mill until about fourteen years of age, at which time he moved with his parents to the old homestead, in Lock township, and from that time until he was nearly thirty yeais of age he was a worthy tiller of the soil, and as such proved himself thrifty, intelligent and consequently successful. He then came to the conclusion that it was not good for man to live alone, and therefore married him a wife and started to improve a farm of his own, and in this work found a true helpmate in the lady he chose for his wife. Miss Eliza McDonald, a daughter of John J. McDonald, a sketch of which family appears iu this work. Mrs. Wisler was born in Harrison township March 2, 1867. and grew to womanhood in Harrison and Union townships, attending the district schools until her marriage, at the age of nine- teen, to John W. Wisler. Soon after this event they located on an improved farm in Locke township, on the old Plymouth road, and although the farm consisted only of forty acres, it is tilled in an admirable manner, is well improved with good buildings and is in every respect a desirable farm. The most of his land is devoted to raising grain and stock, his knowledge of each of these branches of agriculture being considered sound and practical. He has always supported the principles of Republicanism, is prominent in politics, and in 1890 was elected assessor of Locke township, the duties of which he discharged in a very praiseworthy and satisfactory manner. He is a promising and rising young farmer, is honest, sober and industrious and has sufficient enterprise to make his future prosperity assured. In his comfort- able home he enjoys the society of his amiable and intelligent wife and has two handsome and promising children: Madge E., who was born October 2, 1888, and Charles Otto, who was born November 1, 1889. Blanche, who was born in 1892, in the month of March, died twelve days after her birth. Jacob H. Wisler is the fifth child of John and Sophia Wisler, and his natal day was October 17, 1833. Mahoning county, Ohio, was his native place, but when a boy of sixteen years he came with his parents to Indiana, and, like all his brothers, assisted on the home farm and attended the district schools. Upon reaching his ilEMOIIiS OF INDIANA. 439 majority he began driving a team for his brothers, who were in the milling and manufacturing business at Locke, and continued in their employ until 1858, when, on May 13 of that year, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna Troxell, a daughter of Peter Troxell, aa early pioneer of Wayne county, Ohio, where he still resides. She was left motherless when an infant, and was herself called from life on April 27, 1S66, at the age of twenty-five years, having become the mother of two children: William H. , who was born March 26, 1859, and died September 23, 1890, leaving a wife, Mary, to whom he was married April 27, 1885, and two chil- dren — Homer and Harley, who are living in Nappanee. Her name was formerly Mary A. Martin. Lewis A., who was born January 13, 1863, aud who married Ida Miller, of Michigan, December 24, 1889, is at present a blacksmith at South Bend. In 1868 Mr. Wi.sler's second union took place, Sarah, the daughter of Isaac and Anna (Kilmer) Kilmer becoming his wife. Isaac Kilmer was born in Penn- sylvania, January 21, 1814, and was a son of Isaac and Eva (Shelly) Kilmer, who were native Germans and early settlers of the Keystone State and afterward of Ashland county, Ohio. In that county Isaac was married, and in that State and in Indiana, to which he came in 1853, he reared his family. He became a wealthy farmer of Bangor township, Elkhart county, and died on March 25, 1883. He was a member of the Mennoni-e Church and was in sympathy with the Democratic party, and a public-spirited, enterprising citizen. The wife of Isaac Kilmer, Anna Kilmer, was born on Pennsylvania soil Jane 14, 1810, a daughter of John and Magdaline Kilmer. She died in Elkhart county, Ind., at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Wisler, January 23, 1892, having been an exemplary Christian in every re- pect, and a noble, faithful and wise wife and mother. She bore her husband five children: Eliza, who died when young; Mary, who was born on May 24, 1841, married Abraham B. Holdeman. of this county; Sarah, who married Mr. Wisler, was born June 14, 1844, in Ashland county, Ohio; David, who was bom October 5, 1846, is married, a man of family, and lives on a part of the old Kilmer homestead; and Dr. Samuel L., who was born April 12. 1849, and is now a successful practicing physi- cian of South Bend. The Kilmers are among the most reliable and substantial residents of the county, and being industrious and reasonably prudent in their ex- penditures, they are all in comfortable circumstances. Mrs. Wisler is a member of the Mennonite Church and the greater part of her life has been spent in this county. Jacob Wisler and his wife have three children: Isaac S., who was bom January 23, 1869, is farming the home place, is a Republican in politics and is a promising young man; Harvey F. was born August 19, 1870, aud died August 23, 1877; Anna S. was bom November 24, 1873, and is at home. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler enjoy a comfortable competence and a good home, as well as the respect of those who know them, and politically he is in sympathy with the Republican party and has always taken a deep interest in the current issues of the day. His farm com- prises 150 acres of well-improved land, it being the old family estate, and has been farmed and resided on almost as long as any place in this section of the county. Mr. Wisler experienced the hardships of pioneer life, and during the days when wild game was numerous, he was an experienced hunter, and killed many deer. He is decidedly public spirited, and by influence, money and personal assistance he has aided in the establishment of churches, schools and kindred institutions and in the improvement of the public highways; in fact, all worthy enterprises have found in him a liberal supporter and an intelligent and practical adviser. He is a deacon of the Mennonite Church, of which William H,, Mary, his wife, and Anna .S.were also members. Is.vAC Wisler, one of the elder children of the worthy John Wisler, was born in Columbiana, now Mahoning county, Ohio, February 14, 1829. During his early boyhood he assisted his father on the farm, but later gave his attention to blacksmith - ing, which he followed for some years, and also became an intelligent machinist. He became a resident of Elkhart county, Ind., at the age of twenty years, and in 440 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL the country, in the vicinity of his home, he worked at his trade, first opening a shop at Waterford in 1850, afterward in Locke in lSr)3, at which time the place was known as Wisler Town. After some time he and his brother Jonas started amamifact- uring woodenware establishment, making a specialty of wooden bowls, which business he successfully continued until 1864, when he sold his interest and has since followed his trade of machinist and blacksmithiug, as well as farming. He has ever been quite active in the political matters of his county, and has always supported the men and measures of the Republican party, and being also public spirited he has sup- ported schools, churches, and, in fact, all movements tending to benefit the sec- tion in which he lives. His own education was obtained in the public schools of Ohio, and thatsystem of education has found in him a substantial and earnest supporter. He has a farm of 160 acres, all of which is well improved with good buildings, fences, etc., and he also owns sixty acres of heavy timber land in the same neighborhood. Considerable of his attention has been given to saw-milling, and being an intelligent machinist he has made a decided success of this business. He was justice of the peace of Locke township from 1854 to 1865, was township trustee for a number of years, and also held the position of assessor. He may be said to be a self-made man, for he began the battle of life for himself on a heavily wooded tract of Govern- ment land, but is now in independent circumstances financially. In 1858 he was married to Miss Rebecca M. Winder, daughter of Caleb and Margaret (Bloomfield) Winder, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, a son of Joseph Winder, a prominent farmer of that State. Caleb's early life was spent on his father's farm, but in early life he also learned the hatter's trade, which he followed for some time, but after his removal to Stark county, Ohio, after his marriage, he taught school; im- proved a good farm and reared his family there. He died in 1840, at the age of forty-four years, his wife's death occurring in 1842, at the age of thirty-six years. She" was born in Crawford county, Peun., a daughter of Andrew Bloomfield, and she and her husband were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, the latter being one of its class leaders, in politics a Whig, and a soldier in the War of 1812. To Caleb and his wife seven children were born: Louis, James, Warren (deceased), Samuel (deceased), Eli; Susan (Mrs. Truex), of Nappanee; Rebecca, wife of Isaac ■Wisler. The latter was born in Ohio, October 30, 1837, and in 1858 her union with Mr. Wisler took place, which eventually resulted in the birth of seven children: Oli- ver P., born November 13, 1859. married Elsiua Bline, by whom he has four boys: Lester, Elias, Morris and Glynn (Oliver P. is living in Locke township on a farm, and is a Republican in politics); James M. was born in 1861 on July -24, married Delia Doromus. of Michigan, by whom he has three children; Albert was born Au- gust 24, 1863, and is attending school in Peoria. 111. ; Mary was born August 1, 1865; Lizzie married M. D. Jacobs, a railroad man, by whom he has two children, Harry and Ralph (she was born January 16, 1867); Edith was born September 23, 1871, and died at the age of three years, and Addie, who was born September 23, 1877, is teaching in the schools of Locke. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler are in the enjoyment of o-ood health, and are living on the farm on which they settled many years ago. Thev are held in high esteem by the citizens throughout that section, and are in every way worthy the good will of their fellows. John H. Whisler is an experienced and wealthy farmer of Harrison township, Elkhart Co., Ind., the great natural resources of which region have been devel- oped by the practical and intelligent toil of such men as Mr. Whisler, who is recognized as a man full of spirit and business enterprise. His father, Jacob Whis- ler, was born in Bucks county, Penn., to Christian and Susan (Holderman) Wisler, the former of whom was born during the Revolutionary period in the State of Pennsylvania of German parents. Jacob Whisler was a brother of John Wisler, the father of the Wislers residing in Locke and Union townships, but for some time past the name has been spelled differently. Jacob Whisler was reared on a farm in his native county, and upon the removal of his parents to Columbiana MEMOTRS OF INDIANA. 441 coanty, Ohio, he made the change of location at the same time, and was thereafter- ward united in marriage n-ith iliss Mary Hoover, daughter of David Hoover, a sketch of whose family appears in this volume. Mary was bom la Franklin county, Penn. , and. like her husband, removed to Columbiana county, Ohio, with her par- ents. In 1847 Jacob Whisler removed to Elkhart county, Ind., with his family, making the journey through the wilderness by wagon, and settled on the farm on which John H. is now residing. Prior to this, however, he made the trip to the sec- tion on horseback and located the land, which amounted to 240 acres of fine wood- land. This farm he managed to clear by the exercise of all his energy and intelli- gence, and for over forty years tilled it in a highly satisfactory manner, not only deriving sustenance from it but managed to lay by a snug sum for a rainy day. He became a leading man in the affairs of his section, and in principle was a Repub- lican politically, but did not take a particularly active part in politics. He was a lifelong member of the Mennonite Church, and took an active part in church affairs, aiding the cause of Christianity by personal effort and with his means. He died in 1889 at the age of eighty years, having spent a useful life. His wife, Mary, bore him seven children; five of whom are still living, their names being as follows: Hannah; Susan, who is the wife of Henry Culp, a prominent farmer of Harrison township; Magdaline, who died in 1880, was the wife of David Culp: Mary, wife of Joseph Culp, died in 1886; Elizabeth, who died when young, and John H. , the immediate subject of this sketch. The mother of these children was called from life in 1859, at the age of fifty-three yaars, having been a lifelong member of the Mennonite Church, and a most exemplary woman in every respect. She and her husband were useful and honorable citizens, and commanded respect from all with whom they were acquainted. John H. Whisler claims Mahoning county, Ohio, as the place of his nativity, in which section he first saw the light of day, August 28, 1842, being the youngest of the family and only five years of age at the time of his parents' removal to the State of Indiana. His rudimentary education was obtained in the district schools in the vicinity of his home, but by considerable self-applica- tion he managed to acquire a good business education and eventually became a school teacher. He spent twenty years in the milling and lumber business at Wakarusa, in company with Mr. Henrj- Bichtel, both branches of industry meeting good success under the intelligent and careful management of these worthy gentle- men. Mr. Whisler is a self-made man, and throughout his well spent career he has been interested in farming and kindred pursuits, and is a member of the well-known firm that owns the Spring Brook Stock Farm, and is also a member of the Elkhart Belgium Draft Horse Importing Company. He is the owner of 350 acres of land, all of which is well improved and well located. His farm and home is one of the best improved places in the county, and his large bams are well filled with well- graded stock, in which he takes much pride and of which he is a good judge. The fine stock farm in which he is interested has exceptionally fine-stocked stables, and since it was founded in July, 1888, it has been held in very favorable estimation by the farmers of Elkhart county. The first year thirty three fine specimens of the Belgian draft horses were disposed of. the second year the merits of these beauti- ful and useful animals became better known, and their sales amounted to between S50,r>00 and -560,000. The following year $85,000 worth of stock was sold, and being located midway between Xappanee and Elkhart, the farm is very con- veniently located for shipping purposes. Mr. Whisler has always shown himself to be an honorable man, and in his business transactions this has had a good deal to do with his continuous success through life. Politically he has always been an active Republican, and enterprises for the good of his section have always found in him a liberal supporter. He is the owner of valuable property in Elkhart, in Union and Harrison townships, also a fine tract of land in Kansas. At the age of twenty- seven years he was united in marriage with Miss Christina Weaver, a daughter of John and Mary (Zimmerman) Weaver, who came to Elkhart coanty, Ind., from Lancaster 442 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL county, Penn. , and the former is still a resident of this county. Mrs. W'hisler was born in Lancaster county, Penn., January 1, 1852, and has borne her husband three children: Noah, who died in 1892, January 24, at the age of twenty-one years, was a young man of much promise, and was married to Miss Annie Musser, daughter of Ephraim Musser, with whom she is now living; Jonas L., who was born August 2, 1872, is assisting his father on the farm; and Emma, who was born January 10, 1878, and is attending school at Goshen. Mr. Whisler lost his first wife some years ago, and for his second wife took Hettie Wagner, daughter of Jacob Wagner, a native of Ohio and a son of John Wagner, an early pioneer of that State, but is now a resident of Monroe, Mich. He and his wife were the parents of three chil- dren: Elmer, Hettie and Minnie, all of whom were reared in the faith of the United Brethren Church. Mrs. Whisler was born February 3, 1866, is an intelligent and accomplished lady, is skillful in the use of the needle and has a talent for music and painting. The family move in the highest social circles and are considered acquisitions to the section in which they reside. John S. Wisler is the eighth child of John and Sophia Wisler, and is one of the worthy, public spirited and successful agriculturists of Marshall county, Ind. , although the greater portion of his time has been spent in this county. He was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, February 6, 1842, and was seven years of age at the time of his parents' removal to this section, and here he attended the district schools in the vicinity of his home, and thus gained a good business education. Like his brothers he assisted on the home farm, and dutifully remained with his father until he attained his majority, when he began working at the carpenter's trade, and after becoming familiar with its details, he worked at it for some time. On October 18, 1866, he took for himself a wife in the person of Miss Lydia E. Ulery, a daughter of the old pioneer settler, Daniel Ulery, whose sketch is in this work. After his marriage he settled in the town of Locke, where he worked at his trade and assisted in building the mill at that place. In 1867 he brought the first steam thresher to the neighborhood, and after operating it with success for some time, he removed to the old homestead which he began to till, remaining on it for about three years. At the end of that time he purchased the farm where he now lives, in Marshall county, but he still has a warm regard for the county in which so many of the active years of his life were spent. He is the owner of 120 acres of well- improved land, on which are erected some tine buildings and substantial and neat fences. He has twenty-five acres of heavy timber land and is giving much of his attention to the raising of stock, iu which branch of agriculture he has been success- ful and for which he has a decided taste. He is with the Republican party in all its movements, is well posted on all matters of public interest, is public-spirited in all that the word implies, and in every respect is a credit to the class of business men which he represents. He is decidedly broad- gauged, and has not kept alone in the beaten tract of agriculture, but has followed other lines of interest which have paid him well, and he has now in his control a considerable amount of property. He is highly honored in the section in which he resides, and the people have shown sufficient confidence in his good judgment to elect him to various positions of trust. His wife was born on the old Ulery homestead in Union township, Elkhart Co., Ind., on November 15, 1843; was educated in the public schools, and in time became a school teacher and a successful one. She is the mother of five children, all of whom are living with the exception of one, William C, who was born October 16, 1877, and died on the 25lh of the same month. Those living are: Edwin L., who was born October 4, 1868, has been a teacher for the past four years, which calling he expects to make his life work, and is now preparing himself for this work by attend- ing school; he is a Republican, and socially is a member of the K. P. Lodge at Breman, where he is highly esteemed as an amiable and intelligent young man; Mary B. was born March 19, 1873, and is at home with her parents; Elmer E. was born September 13, 1875, assists his father on the farm and is attending school; and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 443 Chester O., who was born February 25, 1881, is also attending school and is well advanced in his studies for one of his age. The family attend the German Baptist Church, of which Mrs. Wisler is a member. Albert Wisler is the third member of the family reared by Isaac Wisler, a well-known resident of Elkhart county, Ind., and was born on the old home farm in the township of Locke on August 24, 1S66, acquiring a good business education in the district schools near his home. He spent his early days in assisting his father on the home farm, and studied the trade of a machinist under the guidance of his father. Being of a mechanical turn of mind he made rapid headway in this undertaking, and at an early day he gave valuable aid to his father. On November 5, 1891, he began to study for the machinist's trade in Parson's Institute of Peoria, 111., and there worked and studied for one year, becoming thoroughly familiar with the practical part of the work. He is a young man of superior ability, is honorable and upright in his business transactions, and as he earnestly endeavors to do what is right at all times he is well liked and has many friends. In politics he is a Re- publican, the principles of which party he supports on all occasions. He is very ingenious, and has invented a number of useful contrivances. David Wisler is one of the early pioneers of Elkhart county, Ind. , and is a son of Rev. Jacob Wisler, extended mention of whom is made elsewhere in this volume. David was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, June 8, 1830, and there in the public schools obtained a good common education in both English and German. In 1848 he came to Elkhart county with his parents and located in Harrison township, near where his brother, John H., who spells his name "Whisler," now resides. He re- mained with his parents until 1857, but for three years previously had been earning his own living. In 1857 he took up his residence on the farm in Olive township on which he is now living, having made the purchase of the same in 1852, which makes about forty years that this farm has been in his possession. It comprised eighty acres of woodland, but with characteristic energy he soon managed to clear it, and since 1857 has made it his. home. As a farmer he has been successful; as a citizen public spirited, enterprising and prominent, and for many years has been connected with the Menuonite Church, which faith was also held by his father, who was a leader of that denomination. In the past he has taken an interest in the Republican party, and has supported its principles for at least thirty years. His land is de- voted to the raising of the usual farm products, and as he was, when a boy, reared to habits of industry, these very essential qualities to success have followed him throughout life, and have made him the successful man of affairs that he is. He has been quite extensively engaged in handling lumber, of which business he has a thorough and practical knowledge. He took for a wife Miss Christina Shank, a daughter of Michael and Barbara (Whiteman) Shank, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania of Swiss parents. From Pennsylvania they removed to Canada in 1800, and there on British soil Mrs. Wisler was born on October 16, 1831, being one of fourteen children, twelve daughters and two sons, their names being as fol- lows: Catherine, Barbara, Anna, Fannie, Elizabeth, Esther, Mary, Sarah, Susan, Eve, Lydia, Christina, Samuel and Michael. The father of these children died in St. Joseph county, Ind., at an advanced age and the mother in Putnam county, Ohio. This family was also Mennonite in religious belief, and in the various localities in which they resided were held in high esteem by all who knew them. Mr. and Mrs. Wisler have reared a family of nine children, all but one being now alive: John B., born October 27, 1857, is married to Mary Walter, and is living in St. Joseph county, Ind., and is the father of two children, Lydia and Alexander; Mary, born March 19, 1859, is the wife of Frederick Longiield. of St. Joseph county, and has one child not named; Ann was born December 6, 1860, is the wife of Chauncey Clause, of Elkhart county, and has two children, John and Ida; Susan was born April 18, 1862, is the wife of John Hunchberger, of St. Joseph county, and has four children, Melvin, William, Rosetta and Jacob; Sarah, born October 444 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL 25, 1864, is the wife of Emanuel Clause, of St. Joseph county, and has one child, William; Jacob was born April 24. 1867. is a farmer of St. Joseph countj-, is mar- ried to Ellen Parcell; Amos was born January 31, 1S69, and died October 5, 1S73, and David and Christian (twins), who were born January 12, 1874. are at home with their parents. All these sons are Republicans and are substantial business men. They are noted for their strict honesty and for their desire to do what is right and to live worthy lives. Jacob Wisler, the son of David, married the daughter of Richard Parcell. She was born March 16, 1S72. and with her husbaud is residing on their small but well-tilled farm in St. Joseph county. James M. Wisler is one of the practical, younger business men of Goshen, Ind., who has established a valuable industry, is a man of ability and line business capac- ity, and is the scion of an honored aud honorable family. His great-grandfather, Christian Wisler, was a Uermau, of Pennsylvania, was a soldier in the Continental army during the Revolutionarj- period, and a man of considerable prominence in his day. From this stock have sprung the numerous Wisler and Whisler families who are now widely scattered throughout the United States. James M. is a son of Isaac and Rebecca M. (Winder) Wisler, a sketch of whom appears in this volume. He was born on his father's farm in Locke township, July 24, 1861, and in his youth received the advantages of the common district schools, but possessing a naturally fine mind, he made the most of his opportunities and for five terms was a school teacher. Fol- lowing this he learned the trade of a machinist and boiler-maker of his father, who was a skillful mechanic, and further improved his knowledge of this business by working in the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad shops at Garrett, Ind. In 1888 he en- gaged in business in Goshen with E. D. Hostetter, as a general repairer of machin- ery, and in 1889 the firm bought ground and soon after built their present shops which were completed in January, 1890. Their business was soon greatly increased, and has continued so to do up to the present time. On February 1, 1892. a stock company was organized under the laws of the State of Indiana, with a capital stock of 812,500, with A. E. Brownell, president, W. L. Stonex, secretary, aud James M. Wisler. treasurer and general manager. This company bought the plant and business of the Goshen Machine & Boiler Works, andhavesincemet withflattering suc- cess, which desirable state of ailairs has been brought about largely through the unceas- ing and painstakiugefforts of James M. Wisler, who is a pushing and far-seeing young man of affairs. On March 19, 1885, he was united in marriage to Delia F. Dormus, daughter of Dormus, and her union with Mr. "Wisler has resulted in the birth of one child. Ethel. Mrs. Wisler is a member in good standing of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically Mr. Wisler is a stanch Republican. He is a young man of energy and ability, is entirely self made, having by his own exertions and efforts made his way in the world, and overcome the most diiScult obstacle to the e.stablishment of a suc- cessful business — that of making the right start. He is in good circumstances, and besides his interest in the boiler works, he owns his residence and lot, and a house and lot on the North Side. His past record as a man of business is unsullied, and he is rightly looked upon as one or the rising men of the county, whose future suc- cess in life is assured if he continues to follow his present admirable line of conduct. He possesses the integrity of character and honesty of purpose for which the stock from which he springs has been noted, and ma}' well take honest pride in his sterling ancestors. Henry Wtsong. Many of the most active and enterprising residents of Union town- ship, Elkhart Co. , Ind., are natives of this county and have here spent the greater part of their lives. In them we find men of true loyality to the interests of this part of the State who nndestaud as it were by intuition the needs, social and industrial, of this vicinity and who have a thorough knowledge of its resources. They are therefore better adapted to succeed here than a stranger could be and are, probably without exception, warmly devoted to the prosperity of their native place. Henry Wysong, the youngest sou of Robert and Anna (Miller) Wysong (see sketch), was born on the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 445 old home place in Union township, this county, in 1853, and the school of his district atforded him a good practical education. Later he entered the school at Goshen, and finished at the State University at Terre Haute, Ind. For four years after this he was engaged in teaching school in Elkhart county and was very successful as an educator. Like his father and brothers he is public-spirited and enterprising, and is prominently identified with every enterprise for the advancement and progress of the community. He is a member of the Democratic party and is at present trustee of Union township. He has held other positions in the township and discharged the duties of the same in a very creditable manner. He has met with excellent suc- cess as an agriculturist, is the owner of 157 acres of land, it being the old home place. The farm is one of the best improved in the county and one of the oldest in the township. In carrying on his large and productive farm Mr. Wysong does not lose sight of the stockraising industrj- and has some fine animals on his place. He is one of the county's most wide-awake, thoroughgoing farmers and thoroughly un- derstands every phase of agricultural life. His pleasant home is presided over by his estimable wife, who was formerly Miss Lovina Miller, daughter of David C. Mil- ler (see sketch). Mrs. Wysong was born in Union township, this county, in 1857, and passed her girlhood days on her father's farm in this township. Mr. and Mrs. Wysong' 8 nuptials were celebrated in 1875 and three bright children have been the result: Charles E., born in 1878; Irvin, born in 1883 and Bessie, bom in 1892. Both parents are members of the German Baptist Church, are highly esteemed by all who know them, and have many warm friends. JosiAH Wtsosg. This gentleman, well known in Nappanee and in Elkhart county, Ind. , as one of the most substantial and progressive farmers of the same, is the second son born to Robert and Anna (Miller) Wysong, early pioneers of Elkhart county (see sketch). He is a native of Elkhart county, lx)rn February 6, 1848, and is a fair specimen of the best men that that county produces. His early life was spent on his father's farm in Union township and in attending the UUery School, in which he received a good business education which fitted him for almost any posi- tion. Later he learned the stone mason trade, and when twenty-two years of age went West with a party of three others, and for some time was actively engaged in hunting, killing forty-one buffaloes. Of late years he has been making hunting ex- peditions to northern Michigan and as he is a splendid shot with the rifle, generally brings back considerable game. He has been very successful as a hunter. When eight- een years of age he was deputy constable of Union township, filled that position in a satisfactory manner for eight years and later served eight years as justice of the peace. Mr. Wysong has a decided taste for music and has taught singing school for years. He is well known in the social circles of this part of the county, and has many warm friends. In the year 1871 he was united in mariage to Miss Julia A. Miller, a daughter of David C. Miller fsee sketch), and a native of Elkhart county, born in 1853. She was reared on her father's farm in this county and is a lady whose many excellent qualities have made her a general favorite. After his marriage Mr. Wysong settled in Union township, on a part of his father's farm, but after- ward becoming the owner of it, sold it and bought the place where he now lives, 156 acres of as good land as is to be found in the State. On this farm is one of the largest barns in Union township, and as Mr. Wysong is one of the most thrifty, enterprising farmers in this part of his county, his place is one of the model ones. He has a very attractive home and is surrounded by all that makes life enjoyable, domestic happines and prosperity, a clear conscience and abundant means. To his credit it may be said, that his accumulations were made without loss or injustice to others. He is a man interested in the public welfare, and while he pays strict atten- tion to his private affairs, he shirks no duties as a loyal citizen. The Democratic party has ever received hisvote, and he is well known in the political career of Elkhart county. Mr. and Mrs. Wysong are the parents of three interesting children: Charles M., bom May 4, 1874, attending school; Burton, born October 2, 1878, is also in school 446 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL and Dmsilla, born September 24, 1880. Mr. Wysong lias ever beea interested in improved breeding of stock and for the last two years has given his attention to the breeding of good horses. He is the present nominee for sheriff of Elkhart county on the Democratic ticket and would make an excellent officer. Wysong Family. Valentine Wysong, the founder of the family in this country, was originally from France and came to America at a period antedating the Revolu- tionary war. He settled in Lancaster county, Penn., followed farming for many years and was one of the pioneers of that county. He married and seven sons and two daughters were born: Valentine, Jacob, Joseph, Henry, John, Louis, David, Elizabeth and Catherine. After residing for a number of years in the Key- stone State, Valentine Wysong moved to Virginia and subsequently to Randolph county, Ohio, where he made a settlement in 1822. His children all grew to man- hood and womanhood, married, and nearly all reared large families. In Ohio Valen- tine and wife passed the closing scenes of their lives. Their second child, Jacob Wysong, the progenitor of the Wysong family in Elkhart county, Ind., was born in 1776, near the place where the battle of Lexington was fought. He emigrated to the Old Dominion with his parents in about 1815, but subsequently emigrated to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he remained until his death in 1843. He was married in Virginia to Miss Jamima Cuttrell, and a family of thirteen children was born to them: Steven, Charles, John, Jacob, Henry, Jonas, Valentine, Joseph, Mathews, Lydia, Robert, William and Elizabeth. Robert is the only one now living, but most of them grew to mature years, married, and became the heads of large families. Jacob made a permanent home in Ohio and reared his family there. He was a member of the German Baptist Church, as was also his wife, who was a native of Virginia and the daughter of James and Elizabeth (Cosh) Cottrell. Jacob Wysong and wife have been dead for many years. The youngest son, Robert, has for many years been a prominent citizen of Union township, Elkhart county, Ind. He was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, in 1819, and spent his early life on a farm in that State, receiving his education in the subscription schools of that day. He was married in his native State to Miss Anna Miller, also of Ohio birth, and a daughter of Daniel and Sarah (Harris) Miller, early pioneers of the Buckeye State. Mr. Miller was born in Pennsylvania, in 1797, and was a sou of Steven and Anna (Baldman) Miller, both of whom were early pioneers of Pennsylvania. In 1845 Mr. Wysong came to Elkhart county, Ind., located on the farm where he now resides, in Union township, cut away the woods and built a cabin. In the fall of the same year he returned to Ohio for his wife and child, only one child having been born in the Buckeye State. They settled in the woods and began improving a farm of 160 acres to which from time to time he added until he became the owner of consider- able property. Himself and sons are now living on 240 acres of well improved land, all in one tract but in three different farms. Mrs. Wysong was born in the year 1822 and was one of three children, Anna, Sarah and Mary, born to her parents. After the death of her mother, Mrs. Miller, the father married Hannah Ernest, who bore him two children: Samuel and Catherine (both now deceased). To Mr. and Mrs. Wysong were born four children as follows: Daniel, a minister of the German Baptist Church at Nappanee; Josiah, a prominent farmer of Union township; Heurj', also a farmer of Union township; and Sarah, who died in 1867, when six years of age. This venerable and much esteemed couple are still living on the old homestead in Union township and are among the prominent people of the county. In pioneer times Mr. Wysong was something of a hunter and spent manj' pleasant hours engaged in that sport. In connection with farming he was engaged in brick laying and stone masonry for a number of years and was fairly prosperous in all his under- takings. He has ever been public-spirited and has ever taken an interest in all public improvements. No better citizen finds his home in Elkhart county and no one is more highly esteemed. Uprightness and honesty have marked his career in life and he has the respect and confidence of all. MEMOIRS OF IXDIAyA. 447 Bev. Daxiel "Wtsoxg. The localitj- iu which Nappanee is situated is indeed fort- unate in having among its citizens such a man as Mr. Wysong is conceded to be for his connection with the interests of the county, both as a minister of the gospel and as an agriculturist, has proven of much benefit and influence. He is the eldest child born to Eobert and Anna (Miller) Wysoug (see sketch preceding this), and owes his nativity to Montgomery county, Ohio, his birth occurring on September 22, 184:2. When three years old he came with his parents to Elkhart county, Ind., and was reared on the farm of his father, becoming familiar with the arduous duties of the same at an early age. Like the average country boy, he received the advan- tages that the district school afforded, but by application and perseverance received a better education than the average. He assisted on the home place until about twenty-two years of age, at which time he started out as an educator, teaching dur- ing the winter and farming during the summer season. Previous to this, when twenty years of age, he married Miss Mary Miller, daughter of David C. Miller (see sketch), and a native of Ohio, born September 13, 1S43. She was but a mere child when her parents came to this county. Mr. Wysong and wife are now residing on a splendid farm in Union township, Elkhart county, and in the neighborhood of the old home. They have 174 acres of well-improved land and eveiything that ap- peals to a cultivated taste and to domestic comfort is found in this charming home. Mr. Wysong is known far and wide for integrity and uprightness and enjoys to the utmost the confidence and esteem of all who know him. He is an active worker for the public good and is particularly active in religious and educational matters. The children who have blessed his union are named as follows: Melvin, born May 22, 1864, married Miss Catherine Smith, and they reside at Nappanee; Angeline, born December 9. 1866. died in 1S69: Calvin, born December 19, 1870, married Miss Malinda Stably and has a daughter. E. N. ; Clara E.. born April 13, 1875, is at home; Alvin. born in 1877 and died iu 1879: Cora, born May 13, 1882. is attending school, and Miua, born February 14, 1884, died from an accident August 24, 1889. Mr. Wysong is a well-to-do farmer and a worthy minister of the city. Jacob Smoker. The intelligence and ability shown by Mi'. Smoker, as a progres- sive tiller of the soil, and the interest he has taken in the advancement of measures for the good of Elkhart county, Ind., caused him long since to be classed as one of the leading citizens of his section. All that he has achieved or gained has come as the result of his own efforts, and deserves much credit for the determined way in which he faced and overcame many difficulties. His grandfather came from Germany to this country and settled in Pennsylvania, where he was classed among the "Pennsylvania Dutch," and where he became a thrifty agriculturist. Christian Smoker was married to a Miss Stutzman and Viy her became the father of eight children: John, Christian, David, Isaac, Nancy. Barbara, Fannie and Betsy. After the death of the mother of these children, Mr. Smoker married Fannie Livengood, to whom were born a family of six children: Joel, Jonathan, Jacob, Joseph. Catherine and Lydia. Mr. Smoker owned a farm in Lancaster county. Penn. , and was a devout member of the Amish Church. He later became one of the pioneer settlers of Wayne county, Ohio, and there died at the age of seventy-five years. Jacob Smoker, his son. the subject of this sketch, was born in Lancaster county, Penn., February 16, 1825. and was taken by his parents to Ohio at the age of three years. Owing to the fact that his assistance was needed on the farm, his educational advantages were limited, and owing to the straitened circumstances of his father, he was compelled to solve the problem of life for himself when quite young and began to do farm work for his neighbors. From the time he was thirteen years of age. and until he was twenty-one, he gave all his earnings to his father, and this filial duty he has never regretted. During the winter seasons he remained about the old home attend- ing to the numerous duties of the farm, but in 1844 he decided to commence the bat- tle of life for himself, and to a young man of his push, energy and ambition the better chances of the West became a temptation that could not be resisted, and he soon 448 PICTORIAL A^D BIOGRAPHICAL found himself in Elkhart count}', Ind., where he set energetically to work as a farm laborer. At the end of one year he returned to his old home, but in 1848 came back to the Hoosier State and here was married, in 1850, to Miss Mary Smiley, daughter of Nathan and Margaret Smiley. After his marriage he settled on 160 acres of land, a portion of which had been inherited by his wife, and on this place he resided until 1881, when he removed to his present farm, which consists of 183 acres. By thrift and industry he accumulated land untilat one time he was the owner of 600 acres, but disposed of it by giving each of his children a start in life. He is the father of nine children, all of whom are married except one: Daniel, Samuel, David, John, Allen, Rebecca, Lydia, Catherine and Amanda. Mr. Smoker has always been independent in his political views but leans rather toward the Prohibition party, and all his children, who are settled within three miles of him, are respected and hon- ored citizens and firm believers in the temperance cause and all the sons vote the Prohibition ticket, with the exception of one, and none of them use tobacco in any form. Mr. Smoker has always advocated temperance and morality and himself prac- tices what he preaches. When he was a j'ouug man whiskey was a common drink, but he has never indulged in the use of intoxicants in any form. He has always been a patron of education and gave all his children opportunities for acquiring good practical common-school educations. He has been a member of the board of edu- cation of his district at various times and at one time presented a STO organ to his district. In this school district as many as fifty-four scholars have been enrolled at one time, and none of them use tobacco. This will illustrate the value of good influences. All his life Mr. Smoker has been strictly moral and has ever set a good example to his children, which they seem to have profited by. He has followed in the faith of his fathers and is a devout member of the Amish Church. His son Daniel married Rebecca Schwin, by whom he has two children, and is a farmer of his township; Samuel married Cora Simon and is the father of three children ; David is married to Lydia Schwin; John is married to Etta Stutzman; Rebecca is married to C. P. Yoder, a farmer of the township, by whom she has four children; Lydia married Manassa Yoder and is the mother of six children; Catherine married Adam Yoder and has three children; Amanda married W. W. Stem, manager of the creamery, of Goshen, and has two children. All the members of this family are people of sterling worth and are respected citizens. George B. Shively. There are few branches of trade in which the march of progress has wrought such a veritable revolution as in the stove and kindred lines of business. What with invention, improvement and the development of skill some- thing closely approaching perfection has been reached in this department of indus- trial activity. A popular and prosperous establishment in this line in Nappanee is the firm of Shively & Shively, dealers in hardware, stoves and all goods pertaining to this line. They are business men of push and enterprise, thoroughly conversant with the wants of the trade, and popular alike with their patrons and trade com- petitors. The business was established in 1891, and since that time they have been doing well in their line of trade. The individual members of the firm are George B. and Marvin H. Shively, descendants of old pioneer stock. George B. Shively, the senior member of the firm, is a native of Stark county, Ohio, born Februar}' 10, 1849, and the elder of two children living, born to the marriage of David and Lydia (Houser) Shively. The father was Ijorn in Stark county, Ohio, February 9, 1822, and was the second in order of birth of twelve children born to George and Elizabeth (Snyder) Shively. Sis of these children are now living: Jacob, David, George E., Joel, John and Daniel, the last two twins. The name of the children deceased are not known, but several of them died in one week in 1832. George Shively, grandfather of subject, was a son of Jacob Shively, and took part in the Whisky Rebellion in Pennsylvania. His father was a native of Germany, and was the first of the family to settle in America, coming here about 1760. From him have descended the Shivelys of this country, and the members of this family were MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 449 among the pioneer settlers of the Keystone State. The first one of this family to leave that State was George Shively, the grandfather of our subject, who went to Stark county, Ohio, when a boy, finished his growth there, married and there reared a family. lu 1845 he moved with his family to St. Joseph county, Ind. , where he settled on a farm near Mishawaka. Later he moved to Kosciusko, and there died in 1879 at the age of eighty years. His wife passed away seven years prior to this. Mr. Shively was a minister of the German Baptist Church, and three of his sons, Jacob, David and Joel, became ministers in the same. David Shively, the second son of the above worthy couple and father of our subject, was born in Stark county, Ohio, and there grew to manhood. In the year 1848 he married Miss Lydia Houser, a native of Stark county, born November 16, 1829, and the daughter of Daniel Houser, also a native of Stark county, where he and wife died a number of years ago. To Mr. and Mrs. Shively were born three children, as follows : George B. (subject), Eli. a resident of Nappanee, Ind., and Uriah, who died at the age of three years. Rev. David Shively and wife are still living, and although seventy 3'ears of age, he is still quite actire and vigorous. He emigrated to Indi- ana in 1852, settled on a farm in the woods, 160 acres, and to this he added to from time to time until he became an extensive land owner. He and wife are well known throughout the county, and are among the best citizens of the same. Their son, George B. , was but a small boy when he settled with his father on the farm in Kosciusko county, and in addition to a common- school education he attended the Bourbon College. Later he taught school for some time, and after moving to Montgomery county, Kan., taught the Liberty School, but the nest year returned to the farm where he remained until 1891. From there he moved to Nappanee and established the firm of Shively & Shively. He has been a minister of the Ger- man Baptist Church since 1880. He is interested in the advancement of the Pro- hibition party and all reform movements. As a farmer he was unusually success- ful, and as a minister of the gospel he has accomplished much good. In the year 1873 he married Miss Maria C. Smith, a native of Elkhart county, born near Goshen, January 26, 1848, and the daughter of James C. and Susannah Smith, both natives of Pennsylvania and early pioneers of Stark county, Ohio. Since 1853 Mr. and Mrs. Smith have been residents of Indiana and now reside in Kosciusko county. They reared a family of thirteen children, six of whom are living. They are all well-to-do and prominent people. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Shively has been blessed by the birth of three children: Martin, born October 3, 1873, is at- tending the Mt. Morris College in Illinois, and has been a teacher; Rose A., born March 9, 1875, and Hattie E., born November 12, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Shively are well respected in the community where they live, and are foremost in all good work, especially in all church work. Marvin H. Shively. Mr. Shively, junior member of the firm of Shively & Shively, dealers in hardware, stoves, and all goods pertaining to that line, is one of the representative business men of the town of Nappanee, and he and his associates are to be congratulated upon the large measure of success achieved in their undertak- ing. Mr. Shively was born December 14, 1863, and was the youngest of four children bom to George and Albertine (Slabaugh) Shively, of Kosciusko county, Ind. George Shively's birth occurred October 12. 1823, and he was reared and married in Stark county, Ohio. With his wife and children he came to Kosciusko county, Ind., pur- chased 110 acres of unimproved land, and to this added to from time to time, until he now owns a fine farm of 235 acres. He is one of the prosperous and substantial agriculturists of his neighborhood. In religion he is a member of the German Baptist Church, and in politics he is a stanch Republican. He is well respected by all, and is a most worthy citizen. Mrs. Shively was born in Stark county, Ohio, March 7, 1 836, and the daughter of John Slabaugh. Of the four children born to this worthy couple, three are living at the present time, viz.: Ezra, born June 29, 1854, married Flora Love and has one child, Roscoe C. (he now resides in Marshall county); 450 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Adaline, born March 5, 1856, married Henry Rusher, and qovv resides in Kosciusko county (they have two children: Edward and Nora); Elizabeth, born in 1858, died at the age of three years, and Marvin H. The parents of these children are still liv- ing and reside on the home place. Our subject was reared on the farm, and in addi- tion to a district-school education he attended the State Normal at Valparaiso, Ind. After this he taught school for some time, and then accepted a position in a hard- ware store at Bourbon, Ind., where he remained for fourteen months. In 1891 he returned to his father's farm, and .=ulisequently, in company with his cnusin, George B. Shively, engaged in the hardware business in Nappanee. He is a young m;in of excellent business acumen, of iuHuential conections and high social standing, with whom it is a pleasure to deal. He was married October 12, 1891, to Miss Ruah Towns, a native of Marshall county, Ind., born March 24, 1870, and one ot a family of seven children born to William and Emily (Boyd) Towns. William Towns was born in Ohio, and was a sou of Robert and Sarah (Hoopengardner) Towns. He came with his parents to Kosciusko county, Ind., in 1855, and his wife came with her parents to this county about the same time. To their marriage were born these children: Ruah, Ella, Lucy, Clarence, Robert, Harley and Ethel. Mrs. Shively is a member of the Christian Church, and is active in all good work. She was formerly a teacher. Mr. Shively has met with fair success as a business man of Nappanee, and is public-spirited, enterprising and thoroughgoing. In politics he supports the principles of the Prohibition party. Locris De Coudres is a successful farmer and a dealer in thoroughbred horses in the vicinity of North Liberty, Ind. He is a native of Newark, N. J., where he was born May 21, 1833, to Thomas and Mary (Fox) De Coudres, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Rhinebeck. on the Hudson River in New York. The paternal grandfather came from France, bringing with him a large family, and after residing in New Jersey for some time returned to his native land, where a large fortune was awaiting him, and this was the last the family in America ever heard of him. When a boy Thomas De Coudres was bound out to learn the tinner's trade, at which he worked for seven years, then began working at his trade on his own ac- count and also engaged in the manufacture of stoves in Newark, N. J. About 1834 he removed to Tompkins county, N. Y., where he carried on his business in connec- tion with farming until his death in 1856, his widow surviving him until 1878. Mr. De Coudres was twice married and by his first wife became the father of three chil- dren, all of whom are deceased, and to his second uni^iu seven children were born, of whom two survive: Louis, and William F., of McLean, N. Y., where he resides on the old homestead. Thomas De Coudres and his wife, Mary, were persons of great energy and force of character. They regarded the proper rearing of their children a most sacred duty. Eapeciall,y did they impress on their minds the neces- sity of being honest in every thing. "Be careful what you promise, but keep your promises at all hazards" was a favorite maxim oft repeated. They were prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and were held in great esteem by Bishop James, who never failed to visit them when presiding over a conference held near their home. In the State of New York, Louis De Coudres was reared, and in the schools of that commonwealth he obtained a fair education, Ijeing first an attendant of the public schools and later one term at Cazenovia Seminary. Although brought up on the farm he engaged in clerking for a few years after starting out to make his own way in the world, then decided to seek his fortune farther westward and in the summer of 1855 went to within seven miles of Chicago (which is now almost in the heart of the city) but not liking the looks of the straggling little town at that time, he and his brother, instead, purchased a large tract of land on Kankakee Marsh, three miles north of North Liberty. In the winter of 1856 Mr De Coudres located in Greene township, St. Joseph county. In February he returned to New York and was there married to Miss Martha A. Smith, daughter of George F. and Mary Smith. Her mother's maiden name was Laning. She was a sister to Dr. Richard, Revs. Gideon and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 451 Ralph, Benjamin, Esq., and Elias Lauing; also of Mrs. David Colgrove, all of Tompkins county, N. Y. Martha had two children, one of which died in infancy, the other. Flora E. , is now the wife of Samuel N. Finch. He returned with his young wife to Indiana, but was left a widower in 1863, with a little daughter to care for. Flora E., who is now the wife of Samuel N. Finch. On April 21, 1864, Mr. De Coudres took for his second wife Sarah C. Reece, a native of Indiana, whose parents were early settlers of Liberty township and whose mother is still living. This union has resulted in the birth of four children: William S., who married Miss Susie Clem; Albert (deceased); Addie and Fred. Since 1866 Mr. De Coudres has resided on his present farm, which is one of the best improved places, in the way of build- ings of all descriptions, in the county. He has 263 acres in the home place and considerable land elsewhere in the county, all of which is managed in an intelligent and profitable manner. He was assessor of Greene and Liberty townships ; he is an in- fluential citizen and his name is known far and near as a successful stockman. He is a great lover of fine horses, and has some magnificent animals on his place, among whichareeminently worthy of mention, a handsome Cleveland Bay horse from England; two Clydesdales from Scotland ; two fine Canadian horses ; a Hambletoniau from Elector by Electioneer; all of which are registered animals, and many others. Mr. De Coudres has been remarkably successful as a stockraiser and is considered a judge of good horse flesh. He is a Republican politically, and he and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. De Coudres has been connected with many public enterprises which related to the interests of the farmer. He assisted in organizing the Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company and has been one of the directors ever since the company was organized. Tlirough his efforts the Northern Indiana Detective Agency was instituted. For years he has earnestly agitated the subject of good public highways. Being a man of superior judgment, his advice is often solicited I13' his friends and neighbors. His maternal grandfather (Fox) was a sea captain and at one time his vessel was captured by the French. This vessel was valued at §60,000, and with other American vessels that were taken, were paid for by the French Government to the United States. It required a special act of Con- gress to enable the Government to repay those vessel owners for the losses sustained. For some reason it was many years before such an act was passed. The owners of the vessels died and their heirs experienced great difficulty in establishing the valid- ity of their claims. Some of the claimants, among them the Fox heirs, became dis- couraged and ceased to prosecute their claims and finally lost them through lack of evidence to establish their identity as heirs. David \V. Reece, father of Mrs. De- Coudres, was a pioneer of liberty township and upon his arrival here in 1840, made a clearing four miles from Lakeville, and on this land moved his family two years later. He was born in Tennessee and first moved his family to Fayette county, Ind., thence to St. Joseph county. Of seven children born to himself and wife, six are still living: Mary R., wife of Mr. Heaton, of Rossville, Vermilion Co., 111.; Sarah C wife of Louis DeCoudres; William W., of Vermilion county, 111.; Thomas J., a hardware merchant of Walkerton, Ind. ; Dr. James N., a successfiil physician of North Liberty; Martha, wife of John Whitiuger of this county; and Eliza (deceased). David W. Reece was born in Grainger county, Tenn., December 22, 1811, and died at his residence one mile south of North Liberty April 18, 1889, in his seventy-eighth year. His grandfather, Thomas Reece, was of English descent, but was born and reared in North Carolina, a member of the Quaker Church. He was born about 1779. W^hen quite young the family emigrated to East Tennessee and there he eventually joined the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1819, as there was no Quaker Church in the vicinity. His death occurred in Alabama in 1849. His mother, Mary Glasgow, was of Welsh descent, born in Virginia in 1783, her father's family being likewise early residents of East Tennessee, where she became acquainted with ami married Thomas Reece in 1804. To their union five sons and three daughters were given, David W. being the third born. The mother was 453 PICTORIAL .-LXD BIOGRAPHICAL called from life in Alabama in 1853. David W. Reece became a resident of Fayette county, Ind. , at the age ot twenty-one years, and although he followed teaching dur- ing the winter months he worked at various occupations during the summers until he succeeded in accumulating a little money. While in Fayette county he met and married Nancy M., daughter of Gen. Jeremiah A. Wilson, one of the old settlers of that county, their marriage vows being taken April 26, 1838. In October, 1842, they moved to St. Joseph county, Ind., where Mr. Reece entered a quarter section of land four miles west of Lakeville and began the arduous task of clearing his land. After many years of incessant toil and hardships peculiar to the early settler, he dis- posed of his property aud purchased 160 acres one mile south of North Liberty, where he resided uutil his death, leaving a widow and six children. He was a man of unusual firmness and decision of character, and, guided by a keen sense of right, he was slow to form a conclusion, but when formed it was as immovable as the rock- ribbed hills that surrounded his birthplace. He labored to elevate public opinion to a high plane of thought and rejoiced to see the advancement of education, morality and religion. Unselfish in his motives, to him the church and school- house were more desirable than a bank accouot, and his loftiest ambition was to be on the right side of every great social, moral, political and religious question. He often remarked that he wished to so order his life that the world might be the better for his having lived in it. He was a wai'm personal friend and admirer of Schuyler Colfax and regarded him as one of God's noblemen. Drs. Mitchell and Lent. Few, perhajas none, save those who have trod the ar- duous paths of the profession, can picture to themselves the array of attributes, physical, mental and moral, and the host of minor qualities essential to the making up of a great physician and surgeon. His constitution needs must be the hardiest to withstand the constant shock of wind and weather, the wearing loss of sleep and rest, the ever gathering load of care, the insidious approach of every form of fell disease to which his daily round of duties momentarily expose him. The above is but a few necessary remarks introducing Drs. Mitchell & Lent, who for years past have made their home in Lakeville, Ind., and who have established a large practice. Dr. Harry F. Mitchell was born in Kingston, Province of Ontario, Canada, July 10, 1866, being the eldest but one of a family of four children born to Peter and Vic- toria (Wycott) Mitchell, who are still living at Kingston, the former having for about thirty-five years of his life devoted his attention to contracting and shi{)-build- ing, but is now retired from the active duties of life. He was a native of Bonnie Scotland, but when a lad was brought by his parents to America, and with them set- tled in Canada. He and his wife reared the four children born to them, the two sons being given medical educations, the elder brother, C. F. Mitchell, being a successful medical practitioner of South Bend; one daughter, Florence, is deceased; Beatrice still living at home. Dr. Harry F. Mitchell was put under a private teacher until he was thirteen years of age, after which he entered the public schools and took a teacher's course, but never followed the calling of a pedagogue, as his tastes and in- clinations were not at all in that direction. Later he entered Queen's College, in which he took the classical course, and also a business course, graduating at a later period, after which he took up the study of medicine in Queen's Medical College at Kingston, from which he graduated after four years of earnest and faithful study. He took also the degrees of master of surgery and licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons. During that time he spent eighteen months in hospital work, and for two years was associated in the practice of his pro- fession with Prof. K. N. Fenwick, of Queen's University. Following this he prac- ticed with Dr. J. B. Ruttan, of Wellington, Ontario, for some time, but on February 3, 1889, came to Lakeville, Ind., where he has built up a reputation and knowl- edge of his calling that is an honor to himself and to the noble profession to which he belongs. He is exceptionally skillful as a surgeon, and has always made a specialty of diseases of the throat and nose, in the treatment of which he has been < / ^/yl'^^-2^^'^^-z>^.-■^^<-^ .UE.UOrES OF lyBIAXA. 455 remarkably successful. He was married in 1892 to Miss Lillie, daughter of T. M. Woodburn, of Ottawa, Ontario, a prominent railroad contractor. The Doctor and his estimable and intelligent wife are very popular in the social circles of their sec- tion, and by their natural kindness of heart, their intelligence and hospitality, have won numerous warm friends. The Doctor is in sympathy with the Republican party, and is in every respect a widn-awake and public spirited young man. His practice grew to such proportions that in 1892 he took a partner in the person of a brother student, Dr. E. J. Lent, with whom he has since remained associated. Dr. Mitchell is a member of the A. F. & A. M., of Lakeville, and also a member of the K. O. T. M. , of South Bend. Dr. E. J. Lent, during the short time that he has been a medical practitioner of St. Joseph couutj', Ind. , has made many friends, his ability has become well known, and as a conseqence he has gained a large practice. He was born in Picton, Canada, August 17, 1868. his parents being James E. and Ellen (Welbanks) Lent, the former of whom was of good old New England stock, born in the State of Vermont. He was born in Canada, there grew to manhood and was married, and became a suc- cessful wholesale and retail marble dealer of Picton, where he is at present and has been in business for the past thirty-five years. Dr. Lent was the youngest of his four children (three sons and one daughter). At an earlj' age he entered the public schools, but finished his literary education in the Picton Collegiate Institute, and in 1887 entered the medical department of Queen's University at Kingston, graduating with honors four years later, taking the degrees of M. D. C. M. and L. R. C. P. & S. Among those under whom he pursued his studies was the famous Hon. Dr. Sullivan, the greatest surgeon of Ontario, and also under Dr. Edward Kidd, of Picton. In May, 1892, he located for the practice of his profession in the Sheridan Block, South Bend, Ind., and at the end of a few months formed a partnership with Dr. Mitchell. He is one of the enterprising and wide-awake men of the county, and gives every promise of becoming eminent in his profession, for he is exceptionally well versed in medical lore, keeps up with the times in his profession, and is energetic and pushing. He makes a specialty of chronic diseases, and treats them with great success. He is in sympathy with the Democratic party, and is still unmarried. Rev. Daniel Brenneman. For many years this worthy gentleman has ministered to the spiritual wants of his fellow-man, and his career has ever been honorable and upright. He first saw the light of day in Fairfield county, Ohio, June 8, 1834, and is a son of Henry and Barbara (Beery) Brenneman. Henry Brenneman was born in Virginia, November 1, 1791, and his parents, Abraham and Magdalene (Shenk) Brenneman, were natives of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. Abraham Brenneman was born about the year 1743, and was a son of Melchior Brenneman^ who was a native of Switzerland and who came to America about the year 1709. He was among the first settlers of Lancaster county, Penn., and was there married to Miss Anna Good. He entered land from the Government, followed farming all his life, and was a member of the Mennonite Church. Abraham Brenneman was married to Miss Reif, and was an early settler of Rockingham county, Va. He settled on a farm and there reared a famil\' of fourteen children, two others having died in infancy, having had eight by each wife, being married the second time to Miss Magdalene Shenk, who was born in Pennsylvania in 1769. Abraham died in Vir- ginia in 1815, of camp fever. His wife survived him until May, 1851, her death occurring in Fairfield county, Ohio. They were also members of the Mennonite Church, and in pioneer days services were frequently held in their house. The youngest son of Abraham, named David, died in 1892 in Allen county, Ohio, at the advanced age of eighty-seven years. Henry Brenneman, the father of the subject of this sketch, was the eldest son of Abraham Brenneman by the second wife, and his early life was spent on a farm in his native State, Virginia. There he was married, August 8, 1815, to Miss Barbara Beery, who was born August 3, 1797, in Rocking- ham county, Va., and the daughter of George and Susanna (Fank) Beery, who after- 37 -loG PICTOlilAL AND BIOORAl^HICAL ward settled in Fairfield county, Ohio, where they passed the closing scenes of their lives. In 1816 Henry Brennemau removed to the Buckeye State, settled in Fair- field county, and was one of tlie earliest settlers of the county. He entered 160 acres of land and on this the family lived for many years. His death occurred on this farm. He followed milling on an extensive scale for a number of years, oper- ating a grist and saw-mill, and was quite successful in this occupation. In March, 1838, the smallpox entered his home and his wife and two of his children fell victims to this dreadful disease. To his marriage were born these children: John, Susanna, George (died at the age of sixty-eight years), Anna, Catherine (deceased), Abraham (deceased), Henry (deceased), and Daniel, the subject of this sketch. After the death of Mrs. Breuneman Mr. Brenneman was married to Miss Esther Good, a native of Virginia, and one child was the result of this union: Magdalene. About one year after marriage Mrs. Breuneman died, and Mr. Brenneman married Miss Anna Rodehefer, a native of Virginia. Her death occurred August 17, 1859. Three sons of Henry Brenneman, John, George and Daniel, were ministers of the Meunonite Church, the two former being bishops. Daniel Brenneman was reared on a farm in his native county, and received a limited education in the common schools, attending school taught in the primitive log school-house of pioneer days. Mr. Brenneman was married in Augusta county, Va., March 22, 1857, to Miss Susanna Kagey, who was born May 18, 1839, in Augusta county, Va., and the daughter of John and Barbara (Miller) Kagey, the parents natives of Virginia, where they passed their entire lives. After marriage Mr. Brenneman settled in his native county and there made his home until iSG-t, when he moved with his family to Elk- hart county, Ind. In this county he has since resided, a portion of the time in Bango township, and the remainder of the time mostly in Jefferson township. He settled on the farm where he now resides in February, 1883, and is the owner of 148 acres. He and Mrs. Brenneman are members of the Mennonite Church, and Mr. Brenneman has been a minister of that denomination since 1857. He was married, converted, baptized and ordained to the ministry in less than a year. At the pres- ent time he is on the Goshen circuit. He was the originator of the church organ, the Gospel Banner, established in July, 1878, and it was published at Goshen until 1885, when it was removed to Berlin, Out. At present there is an English and German edition of the paper. In 1874 Mr. Brenneman was expelled from the Old Mennonite Church for holding class meetings aud protracted meetings, this not con- forming with the old church customs. He was constrained to follow his convictions on these points, and, as a result, a new organization was formed in conjunction with a few other ministers who had been expelled for the same cause. This new organi- zation is known as the Mennoiute Brethren in Christ, and is becoming quite numer- ous, not only in this country, but in Canada. To Mr. and Mrs. Brenneman have been born ten children, as follows: Mary M., music and school teacher; Timothy H., printer by trade; John S., printer by trade, now working in Red Wing, Minn. ; Josiah M., painter at Elkhart; Rhoda K., a school teacher since 1883; Martha A.; Naoma S., music teacher; Daniel J.; Phoebe P. and Mahlon M. In politics Mr. Brenneman is a Prohibitionist. Timothy H. Brenneman, eldest son of Daniel, was born September 20, 1860, and remained on the farm assisting his father until eighteen years of age, when he entered the office of the Goshen Times, and there learned the printer's trade, at which he worked about nine years. He edited the Gospel Banner at Goshen from 1882 to 1885, being elected to that position by the General Conference of the newly organized church above referred to. At the expiration of that time the paper was removed to Berlin, Ont. ,and he resigned the position. He has since spent two years in the office at Berlin. Mr. Breuneman was married September 23, 1883, to Miss Laura Dalrymple, a native of Elkhart county, born January 15, 1860, and the daughter of Joseph and Eliza (Albin) Dalrymple, who were among the pioneers of the county. Mr. and Mrs. Brenneman are members of the Mennonite Church. In MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 457 politics he la a Prohibitionist aud cast his first presideutial vote for John P. St. John, he being among the ninety-six Prohibitionists who voted at that election in Elkhart county. Mr. Brenuemau has a comfortable home in Jefferson township and fourteen acres of land. He raises frait and vegetables for market. To his marriage have been born three children: Jesse L., Ruth V. and Naomi. Hon. John Matxard Butleb, of Indianapolis, is ooe of the ablest lawyers in the State, as well as one of its most famous orators. He was born September 17, 183-4, at Evansville, Ind., and is a son of Rev. Calvin aud Malvina (French) Butler. Hav- ing but limited educational advantages in youth, and being desirous of receiving a collegiate schooling, he secured the means, through his own efforts, to take a four years' course at Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind., from which institution he graduated in 1856. Upon the day of his graduation he was tendered the presidency of the Female Seminary at Crawfordsville, in which capacity he served three years, then became principal of the city high school. During the meantime he read law, and in 1861 embarked in the practice of this calling at Crawfordsville, and from the beginning has had all the practice be could attend to. In 1871 he moved to Indianapolis, where he has since resided and where he is justly regarded as second to no lawyer in the State in point of ability. An ardent Republican in politics, his voice and eloquence have been much in demand by his party's managers, and although repeatedly solicited to become a candidate for office, he has steadily refused all political preferment. In his reputation as a first-class lawyer, an honest, upright man, and in the pleasures of his home, Mr. Butler finds the chief source of his happiness. Hervet L. V.\nndys, D. D. For many years, forty at least, the name of Mr. Vannuys has been inseparably linked with the religious history of Indiana, whose annals bear testimony to the integrity of his character and brilliancy of his intellect. He is at present the popular and much esteemed minister of the Pre.sbyterian Church at Groshen. Mr. Vannuys is a native Kentuckian. born November 3, 1829, in Shelby county, and is a son of Tunis and Kate (Demaree) Vannuys, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Pennsylvania, and of Holland and Huguenot extrac- tion, respectively. Tunis Vannuys was born in 1775, and at an early day removed with his father's family to Harrodsburg, Ky. He was but a small boy at that time, and was there during the Indian troubles. He grew to manhood there, and after his marriage to Miss Demaree, removed to Shelby county, Ky. Mrs. Vannuys was the daughter of Samuel Demaree, and a woman of remarkalsle strength of character and most exemplary piety. Tunis Vannuys followed the occupation of a farmer all his life and was very successful in this pursuit. In 1836 the family removed to Franklin, Ind.. where Mr. Vannuys died March 3, 1846, his wife having passed away in 1844. They were the parents of the following children: Samuel, Mary, Christine, Susan, Isaac, Charity, John, Cornelius, Catherine, Emeline amd Hervey, all of whom grew to mature years. Mr. Vannuys was very decided in his anti- slavery views, and owing to that reason left Kentucky for Indiana. He provided generously for bis children, only four of whom are now living: John, Cornelius, Catherine and Hervey L. The latter passed bis boyhood and youth on his father's farm in Kentucky, and came to Indiana with the family in 1836. His earlj' educa- tion was received from private instructors, being fitted for college in that way. and he entered the freshman year at Hanover College, Indiana, in Septeml)er, 1844, graduating in June, 1848. In September of that year he entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton, N. J., attended for two years, and then spent a year in private reading and travel. Afterward he returned to that institution for another year, and graduated in May, 1852. The following summer he passed in rest and a visit to Washington, D. C-. , and in October, 1852, he came to Goshen, where he began preaching as a home missionary. In March, 1853, he organized the First Presbyterian Church of Goshen, with fifteen members, and here he has continued to labor for forty years, over eight hundred having been admitted to membership dur- 458 • PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL ing his pastorate. Dr. Hutchinson, of New Albany, and Dr. Vannuys, are the oldest pastors of the Presbyterian Church in Indiana. The first church building erected of the Presbyterian denomination is at present used by the German Lutheran society. The building now occupied was dedicated in 1863, and is a large, hand- some brick structure, the finest church building in northern Indiana at the time of its erection. Mr. Vannuys was married on June 28, 1868, to Miss Rebecca H. Williams, daughter of Samuel P. and Catherine (Hume) Williams, natives of Hart- ford, Conn. Mrs. Vannuys was a graduate of the Ladies' Seminary at Pittsfield, Mass. One child was born to this union, but died in infaucy. Mrs. Vannuys died May 16, 1869, and Mr. Vannuys selected his second wife in the person of Miss Lillie W. Loring, their nuptials being celebrated on January 22, 1872. Miss Loring was born in Springfield, Mass., and is a daughter of William and Phoebe (Smith) Lor- ing; both are now deceased. The mother was a descendant of John Alden, of the "Mayflower," and a native of the Old Bay State. One child, now deceased, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Vannuys. Mr. Vannuys has been a commissioner to the general assembly of the Presbyterian Church many times, and was moderator of the Synod of Northern Indiana in 1862, and of the Synod of Indiana North in 1879. In early days he did much missionary work throughout this section of the State when churches were struggling for existence and footing, and for years has been engaged in the discharge of the duties of his sacred calling. In 1881 he received the hon- orary degree of doctor of divinity from Wabash College, an honor most worthily bestowed. Mr. Vannuys' ancestors have always been identified with the Presbyte- rian faith, and his father was a most exemplary Christian, having been an elder for over forty years. The latter was a man of high standing iu the commiinity and quite wealthy for those days. Dr. Vannuys is a man of strong will, clear concep- tions, generous impulses, and scrupulously tender of the rights of others. His life has been singularly pure, and all his acts are strongly characteristic of good, sound sense. His sermons are terse in style, firm in diction, logical in thought and yet free from all ostentatious display, being filled with Biblical citations, historic refer- ences, poetic gems, and earnest, religious pathos. He is a diligent student and ripe scholar. Thus it is seen that Dr. Vannuys is the senior pastor of this synod, having spent forty years at Goshen where he has performed an arduous, succesful work. He was elected clerk of the Synod of Indiana North, and held the office for seventeen years, until the consolidation of the .synods of the State in 1870. No man in the synod is more beloved or holds a more honorable place than Dr. Vannuys, who is now the acceptable, faithful, and much-loved pastor of the church he organized so many years ago; esteemed alike by the members of the church, the congregation, and the community in which he resides. The following notice, which appeared in a recent issue of the Daily Times, explains itself: The Presbyterian people planted the fortieth mile-stone of Dr. Vannuys' pastorate last evening, and many friends came in to extend congratulatious and bid a hearty Godspeed for the rest of the journey. The people began to assemble "at early candle light," and the "small hours" were not far away when the convocation broke up. Dr. and Mrs. Vannuys, assisted by Dr. Logan and the elders and deacons and their wives received the happy throng which for more than an hour passed in. At about 8 o'clock the ladies' committee received in the parlors, and a collation was served amid surround- ings that pleased as the "old corn of the land" that ancient troop of wayfarers. Mrs. Dr. Ellis, Mrs. Peck, Mrs. C. C. Rutler and Mrs. James Finney presided at the coffee urns, and a host of young ladies served the guests. Dr. Vannuys and visiting pastors, with the session and deacons and their wives, occupied a table at which Mrs. Vanuuys presided. After the collation the congregation assembled in the auditorium and a solo was rendered by Miss Zella Wilson, an organ interlude by Mrs. Roach, and a solo by Prof. Morrice. Prayer was offered by Rev. Mr. Town- send, of Elkhart, after which Hon. H. D. Wilson made an address, and in behalf of the church and friends, presented to Dr. Vanuuys the offering expressive of appre- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 459 ciation and good will. The amount was $800. Dr. Vannuys responded in his happy way, giving something of the providential leading that brought him to Goshen, and of the early experiences connected with the settlement. Miss Zella Wilson again responded with a solo, and Dr. Logan made a short address, after which the greetings of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Goshen, and the Presbyterian Church of Elkhart, were presented by their respective pastors, Eev. W. H. Daniel and Mr. Townsend, after which Rev. Townsend pronounced the benedic- tion. This record will have to remain incomplete. The abundant labors of the many busy hands and willing minds displayed in the decorations and service of the evening, was the spontaneous work of the whole congregation, rather than of special committees, and it seemed a pleasant feature that there was not the stiffness of formality, but each one was allowed to take such course as the occasion prompted. Christian K. Stoutfer. Of that sturdy and independent class, the farmers of Indiana, none are possessed of more genuine merit and a stronger character than he whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He has risen to more than an ordinary degree of success in his calling, and wherever kno^vn is conceded to be an energetic and progressive tiller of the soil, imbued with all those qualities of goaheadative- ness which have characterized his ancestors. His birth occurred in Center county, Penn. , April 9, 1830, and he is a son of John and Catherine (Keller) StoufPer, natives of Pennsylvania, also. John Stouffer was born in 1796, and when very young he was left an orphan and among strangers. He had no educational advantages, never attending school, and he learned the carpenter's trade, at which he worked a number of years. When a young man he located in Center county, Penn., and was there married to Miss Catherine Keller, a daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Corman) Kel- ler, natives of the Keystone State, where they passed their entire lives. In 1847 Mr. Stoufifer and family removed to Summit county, Ohio, purchased a farm, and on this resided until his death, on July 27, 1863. His wife survives him and resides with her son, Christian K., in Jefferson township. She is now nearly eighty-nine years of age. Her children were named as follows; Elizabeth A., George, Christian K.. Catherine, Jacob, Maria, Leah, John, Mary and Luther. Christian K. Stouffer remained in his native county until seventeen years of age, when his parents removed to Summit county, Ohio, and he with them. There he was married in December, 1854, to Miss Sarah E. Krytser, a native of Summit county. Four children were the fruits of this union: Ira F., Morris C. , William T. and George H., the latter the only one surviving. He resides in South Bend, Ind. Mrs. Stouf- fer died in August, 1868. Mr. Stouffer' s second marriage occurred in April, 1869, to Miss Barbara Stiver, a native of Miami county, Ohio, who died in December, 1887. On November 18, 1890, Mr. Stouffer was married to Miss Mary A. Holderman, a native of Indiana. In 1866 Mr. Stouffer came to Elkhart county, Ind. , settled on a farm in Jefferson township, and resides on this at the present time. It consists of 115 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He has made many im- provements, and the old log cabin and log stable have given place to a commodious residence and barn. Everything about the place indicates that an experienced and capable hand is at the helm. Mr. Stouffer is a member of the Reformed Church at Goshen, but Mrs. Stouffer is a member of the United Brethren Church. Mr. Stouffer has been justice of the peace since settling in the township, and is in every way a most worthy citizen. Samuel F. Poorman. Among the most e.steemed and respected citizens of Goshen there is not one who has been a more faithful soldier, a more pleasant or agreeable member of society, or a more thorough or sagacious business man than the gentleman whose name is mentioned above. His life of industry and usefulness and his record for honesty and uprightness have given him a hold upon the com- munity which all might well desire to share. Mr. Poorman was born in Perry county, Ohio, September 5, 1839, and is a son of John and Martha J. (Stambaugh) Poorman, both natives of Pennsylvania. The father was born in June, 1818, and 460 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL came to Ohio with his parents in an early day. Settling in Somerset he learned the harness trade, and was married in 1838 to Miss Stambaugh, who was born March, 1819, and whose parents were natives of Pennsylvania. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Poorman removed to TilSn, Ohio, where they made a permanent settlement, and where Mr. Poorman engaged in the harness business. They were among the very early settlers of that place and Mr. Poorman was one of the prominent busi- ness men. His death occurred in June, 1884. His wife survives him and lives in Tiffin. They were the parents of the following children: Samuel F. ; Joseph, died in infancy; Joseph E. , engaged in the bicycle business in Cincinnati; George S., deceased; Mary, deceased: Alice, died in infancy ; Florence F., residing in Tiffin, and Jessie L., also residing in Tiffin. The original of this notice was not yet two years old when his parents located in Tiffin, Ohio, and he was there reared and edu- cated. His tirst scholastic training was in an old log jail, a portion of which was used as a school-room, and the remainder for criminals. He recalls an incident connected with this building which frightened him very much and produced a last- ing impression upon his memory. The prisoners escaped from their part of the jail into the school-room and thus made their escape. This was during school hours and the children were so filled with terror that they rushed from the school room. Later our subject attended college at Tiffin, and still later was apprenticed to learn the harness-maker's trade in his father's establishment. This he followed for about four years, and then entered a drug store, subsequently becoming a successful drug- gist, and a member of the American Pharmaceutical Association and Chicago Col- lege of Pharmacy. Following this Mr. Poorman became traveling salesman in drugs and in other lines, being thus engaged for thirteen years. He enlisted in Company A, Eighth Ohio Regiment as corporal; and fourteen months later was a member of non-commissioned staff, regular army, as hospital steward, serving three years. He enlisted April 1, 1861, and was discharged June 12, 1865. Among the principal engagements in which he participated were the fol- lowing: Winchester, Fort Royal, Gettysburg, and all the engagements of the Army of the Potomac. Mr. Poorman was married on the 27th of November, 1862, at Grafton, Vt., during service in the army, to Miss Adelaide Plattenberg, a native of the Old Dominion, born July 2, 1833, and the daughter of John and Ellen (Jeffers) Plattenberg; both native Virginians, but both now deceased, the latter dying at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Poorman. In 1883 Mr. Poorman located in Goshen, making his headquarters here but continuing to travel for a few years. In January, 1886, in company with Thomas B. Starr, he purchased the fruit and confectionery store which they are at present operating. Although the business was originally established by Mr. Starr and at present is known as "Starr's Fruit Store," it is now admirably managed by both gentlemen and they are doing a very successful business. Mr. Poorman is a member of the I. O. O. F., the G. A. R. and two Commercial Traveler's Associations. In politics he is a strong Republican and is thoroughly American in everything. Daniel W. Houser, the prominent merchant, lumberman and saw-miller of North Liberty, St. Joseph Co., Ind., is a product of Ohio, his birth occurring December 7, 1842, being the fourth of eleven children born to George and Lucy (Long) Houser, the former of whom was born in Union county, Penn., in February, 1813. His father was John Houser, who was also a Pennsylvanian, and of German descent. He came to St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1858, and was here called from life in 1861, his wife's death taking place in Ohio. George Houser was one of the eldest of his parents' children, and after removing from his native State was a resident of Ohio until 1858, at which time he became a citizen of St. Joseph county, Ind, and tilled the soil in Liberty township until his death in 1884, at which time he was a worthy member of the Evangelical Church, and in politics was a Republican, although he had been a Whig prior to the formation of that party. He was a man well known for his public spirit, and possessed those qualities essential to good citizenship. He MEMOIRS OF IXDIANA. 461 made a good home for his family and reared eleven children: Sarah, who married Levi J. Knepp; Catherine G. , who married Alfred Stump, and resided at Falls City, Neb. ; M. G. , who is a farmer of Liberty township, this county ; Daniel W. ; Emaline, wife of John Steel, a farmer of Liberty township; John, who is a farmer of Union township, of this county; C. D., who is a merchant; Elizabeth, wife of John J. Garrett, is living in McCook, Neb.; Lorenzo M., who died in 181*0, left a family of three children, was a merchant, was at one time township treasurer, and politically was a Republican, and in every respect a public spirited citizen; B. F., who is living at Lakeville, is a teacher in the public schools of the county, and Lucy, who is the widow of Daniel Klinglesmith. The mother of this family is liv- ing with her children, and has attained to the age of seventy-five years. She is highly esteemed wherever known, and is a worthy and useful member of the Evan- gelical Church. The father lived to see his children grow up and become well tixed in life. He became a member of the Masonic fraternity in 1867, joining North Liberty Lodge, No. 266. Daniel W. Houser has been a resident of St. Joseph county since about thirteen years of age, and obtained a practical education in the district schools of Ohio and Indiana, and a thorough knowledge of farming in both States. "When a young man of twenty years he started in the lumber business as a saw-miller, and since 1870 has continuously operated a mill, first following the occupation on the old home farm. In 1873 he erected a good mill in North Liberty, where, in addition to doing a lumbering business he also operates a grist-mill. He is also associated with his brother, C. D., in the mercantile business, and in this as well as in his other enterprises he has been remarkably successful, doing an annual business of about S25,000. He is a strong Republican politically, has held the office of town- ship trustee, and is a member of the A. F. & A. M. Lodge of North Liberty, and South Bend, No. 13, Knight Templars, in which he has always held some office. In 1877 he was married to Miss Ella Briggs, of this township, a daughter of Mrs. Charlotte Briggs, of North Liberty. Mrs. Houser was born in 1853, and has borne her husband a son and daughter: Gail, born December 31, 1877, and Eva M., born in 1879, and died at the age of nine months. The mother of these children died in 1884. His present wife was formerl}' Mrs. Eliza J. Cole, who has borne him one child: Mildred C, who was born January 18, 1889. Mr. Houser in his numerous enterprises employs about twelve men, and is himself constantly busy. He has a finely improved farm in Liberty township of 400 acres, and all the property of which he is now possessed is the result of his own intelligence and good manage- ment. His business ability and honesty have been warmly recognized, and have met their reward. He enjoys the respect of all, and his friendship is a personal privilege much sought after. He is socially one of the most companionable of men, and is a beau ideal citizen, for he is enterprising, public spirited and law abiding. In this brief summary of points in Mr. Houser' s career it should be said as excuse for any omission that a biography of more pretension could best convey the lessons of his life of industry and intelligent management, which is full of instruction to those who, halt and weary, are inclined to doubt the possibility of success. His career is of value, for it shows that honesty, capacity and power "to hustle" receive their reward at last and in good measure. Gov. Abr.vm a. Hammonh although, comparatively speaking, but a short time in public life, in Indiana, was a man gifted with intellect of a high order, and polished by a superior education and extended reading. ^Vhile possessed of a strong will, he had that happy faculty of acquiring friends in the midst of contro- versj-, and of winning lawsuits when the case was considered well nigh hopeless. He was a native of the Green Mountain State, his birth occurring at Brattleboro in March, 1814. When a boy he drifted we^itward with the tide of emigration, stopped in Indiana where he studied law, and in 1835 was admitted to the bar. In 1850 he was made judge of the common pleas court, at Indianapolis, but later, after having gone to the Pacific coast, located in Terre Haute, which place has been the home of 4«2 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL some of the best known men of the State, prominent among whom are the Hon. R. W. Thompson, Hon. D. W. Voorhees and the Hon. Thomas H. Nelson. In 1860 he was elected governor of the State, but owing to ill health was compelled to resign about a year later. Going to Colorado to recruit, he received benefit from its high altitude and continued to there reside until his death, August 27, 1874. Governor Hammond has one brother now living in Indiana who has served upon the supreme bench of the State, and is considered one of the best lawyers in Indiana — the Hon. Edwin P. Hammond, of Rensselaer, a man of high literary attainments and possessed of equal polish to that of the subject of this memoir. Richard C. Lake is a native West Virginian, born in Monongalia county, on March 27, 1815, and is of English descent, his parents, Nimrod and Margaret (Knotts) Lake, being natives of that country. His paternal grandparents, William and Polly (Asbury) Lake, were born in England and crossed the ocean to America in 1795. They settled on a farm in Harrison county, W. Va., and there passed the remainder of their days. William Lake was the owner of a large plantation in West Virginia and was an extensive slave holder. Nimrod Lake was born June 20, 1783, and was twelve years of age when he came to America with his parents. He grew to mature years on his father's plantation, and in the year 1813 was married to Miss Margaret Knotts, who was born in 1786, and who was the daughter of Levi and Rebecca Knotts. Mr. and Mrs. Knotts also came to America in 1795, making the vo3'age on the same vessel with the Lake family, and after reaching this country settled in the same county. Mr. Knotts kept the first store of Pruntytown and several years later started on a trip to Ohio, which was then an uninhabited wilderness, and after crossing the Ohio River was never afterward heard from. His wife made her home in Pruntytown until her death several years afterward. Soon after their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Lake settled in Monongalia county, W. Va., and tilled the soil the remainder of their days. Mrs. Lake died April 1, 1815, and Mr. Lake survived her until the winter of 1859-6t». Mr. Lake had two brothers, Jeremiah and Will- iam, who served in the War of 1812. Richard C. Lake remained in his native county until twenty-three years of age, and during his youth followed teaming, going to Baltimore very frequently. In 1837 he came to Indiana with a party of twenty- seven, made the trip overland and was about forty days on the waj', camping out at night. Mr. Lake enjoyed this trip very much. Lately he visited his child- hood home and the trip that consumed nearly forty days in years gone by, was gone over in eleven hours. Mr. Lake landed in Kosciusko county, Ind. , June 16, 1837, and about three weeks later came to Elkhart county to work in the harvest field, this being the first work of the kind he ever tried to do. He was a carpenter by trade and during the summer season worked at the same. When Notre Dame was started he worked a year at his trade at that place and was employed on the finest buildings. He spent his first winter in Elkhart, when there were but nine families in the town, and on April 16, 1844, three miles east of Elkhart, he was married to Miss Nancy J. Middleton, who was born near Columbus, Ohio, in Franklin county. Her parents, John and Elizabeth (Downing) Middleton, were natives respectively of New Jersey and Delaware, and moved to the Buckeye State at a very early date, traveling the entire distance on horseback and settling in Franklin county. In March, 1830, Mr. Middleton came with his family to Elkhart county, and settled on Two Mile Plain, near Elkhart, where he entered 320 acres of land. On this he erected a rude log cabin with puncheon floor, and many privations were suffered by Mr. Middleton lu clearing and improving his farm, for he was one of the first set- tlers of the county. Indians were numerous, wild animals filled the woods, and settlers were miles apart. On this farm Mr. and Mrs. Middleton passed the re- mainder of their days, witnessing the marvelous growth and development of the country and contiibuting their share toward its advancement. Mrs. Middleton died in February, 1839, and Mr. Middleton followed her to the grave in July, 1845. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Lake they came to Jefferson township, settled MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 463 on the farm they now own in Section 10. At the time of settlement the land was wholly unimproved and covered with a heavy growth of timber. On this Mr. Lake erected a hewn-log cabin, which was considered a handsome edifice in those days, and began clearing and developing. He and his estimable wife have lived to see the wonderful changes made in the country in the last forty years and have aided materially in its progi-ess and advancement. To Mr. and Mrs. Lake were born these children: Nimrod E. (deceased), John O., Mary E. (deceased), Margaret J. (deceased), George W... William D. (deceased), James I. and Richard C. This worthy couple are members of the United Brethren Church, and Mr. Lake has 280 acres of land, the principal part of which is under cultivation. The log cabin of pioneer days has given place to a large, handsome frame structure and other neces- sary improvements have been made until at the present time they have one of the finest places in the township. Mr. Lake is now able to retire from the active duties of life and pass the remainder of his days in peace and plenty. Although he looks after his business interests personally and rents his estates, his son, James I., re- sides on the homestead with his two children, his wife being dead. In politics Mr. Lake is a Democrat, but in early days was a Whig, his first vote being for Martin Van Buren. John H. Postius is a merchant and the efficient servant of Uncle Sam in the postotfice at Crumstown, Ind. , at which place he also owns a one-balf interest in a dairv of eighty cows. He is a native Peunsylvanian, his birth occurring in Juniata county, April 20, 1846, a son of W'illiam and Eliza (Haas) Pontius, who were also from the Keystone State. The father was a farmer and was killed in Pennsylvania, in a saw-mill, when the subject of this sketch was a child of four years, his widow yet being a resident of that State. In the State of his birth John H. Pontius resided until he was about seventeen years of age, when he then determined to enlist in the service of his country, and on the 11th of March, 1864, his name could be found on the rolls of Company B, Second Battalion, Sixteenth United States Infantry. He remained in the service for three years, receiving his final discharge on the 11th of March, 1867. While in the regular army he was in several severe engage- ments, and for four months was under tire from Chattanooga to Atlanta. Upon receiving his discharge he returned to his home and once more took upon himself the duties of a civilian. After remaining there about two years he came to St. Joseph county, with the expectation of bettering his financial condition, but at the end of two years he turned his face toward the setting sun and Kansas became his objective point. After a residence there of only one year he came back to his old " stamping ground" in St. Joseph county, and here his home has since continued to be. For a number of years after permanently locating here agriculture occupied his time and attention, then he moved to his present location and here, since aboitt 1886, he has been interested in the dairy business, owning a half interest in eighty cows, the farm on which they feed being located about eleven miles southwest of South Bend. The milk is sold by the wholesale in that place and has proven a profitable industry to the proprietors. Mr. Pontius has lieen a married man since 1868, for at that time he took a wife in Pennsylvania in the person of Miss Mary E. Lower, a daughter of Jacob and Mary Lower, of that State also. The father was called from the scene of his earthly labors in Pennsylvania, and his widow afterward came to South Bend, Ind., where her home has been since 1880. John H. Pontius is one of two children born to his parents, of whom he was the elder, and since 1886 has efficiently filled the position of postmaster of Crumstown, and being a stanch Repub- lican cast his first presidential vote for Gen. Grant. While in the army he was a non-commissioned officer with the rank of sergeant, and is now a member of the G. A. R. He has an interesting family consisting of one son and three daughters. Hex. AsHBEL P. WiLLAED (deceased) was born October 31, 1820, in Oneida county, N. Y.. the son of Col. Erastus Willard, who was sheriff of that county at one time. His mother's given and maiden name being Sarah Parsons. He graduated with 464 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL honors, having the post assigned him of valedictorian of the class of 1842, of Ham- ilton College. In 1845 he became a resident of Indiana, and embarking in the practice of law at New Albany, practiced only a short time when he became involved in politics. In 1850 he was elected from Floyd county to the State Legi-slature, and his brilliancy there won for him a wide reputation, and the chairmanship of the Com- mittee of Ways and Means. In 1852 he was chosen lieutenant governor of the State, which position he tilled four years, and was then honored, by the election of 1856, to the governorship of Indiana. He died October 4, 1860. Gov. Willard's career, in many respects, was a most remarkable one. He was a resident of Indiana only fifteen years. When in the State only seven years he was chosen to the second highest office within the gift of the people, and when only eleven years old in the State, was made governor. His most marked intellectual powers were that of will and intuition; these he possessed to an unusual extent. Henry Bemendeefer. The above mentioned gentleman is one of the wide-awake, thoroughgoing business men of Elkhart county, and has been engaged in the man- ufacture of brick in this county since 1861). In March, 1865, he purchased his present farm, on which brick had been manufactured by lease for two years, the lease covering a period of five years. At the expiration of his lease Mr. Bemenderfer purchased machinery, etc., and has carried on the business ever since. He has a machine for the manufacture of pressed brick with a capacity of from twelve thou- sand to fifteen thousand per day, and gives employment to twelve men. Mr. Bemen- derfer was born in Loudoun county, Va. , August 18, 1824, and his parents were Peter and Susanna (Rahn) Bemenderfer, natives of Adams county, Penn., where they were reared and married. About the year 1813 they removed to Loudon county, Va., made their home there for fifteen years, and in the fall of 1828 moved to Stark county, Ohio, where the family settled on a farm. Peter Bemenderfer was a car- penter by trade, and followed this until he went to Virginia, when he was engaged in the milling business. After settling in Ohio he devoted his attention to farming, the nearest market for grain being eleven miles distant, where the canal passed through Massillon, Ohio. In 1838 Mr. Bemenderfer removed to Carroll county, where his death occurred in 1856, his wife surviving him until 1862. They were the par- ents of the following children: William, died in infancy; W'illiam; Samuel; Peter; Joseph; John; Henry; Isaac; Elizabeth; Susanna; Sarah and Catherine, all of whom are deceased except John, Susanna, Henry and Isaac. At the age of four years our subject settled with his parents in Stark county, Ohio, and grew to man- hood on the farm, receiving his education in the log school-houses of the early day. He learned the carpenter and cabinet maker's trade, and followed this for twenty-six years. On September 25, 1851, he married Miss Rebecca E. Prince, a native of Stark county, Ohio, born in 1838, and the daughter of Reuben Prince, a native of the Old Dominion. Her mother died when Mrs. Bemenderfer was a child. To Mr, and Mrs. Bemenderfer were born ten children: John P. (deceased), Mary E., Be- linda S., Allen R., Charles H., Cora E., George W., Hattie May, Bertie I. (deceased), and Emma Frances, who died when seven years of age. Mr. Bemenderfer came to Elkhart county in the spring of 1865, settled on his present farm, consisting of 115 acres in Section 24, and also purchased fifty-five acres in another part of Jefferson township. In politics Mr. Bemenderfer is a Democrat, and served as trustee of Jefferson township for over ten years. He is a successful, enterprising farmer and business man, and has many warm friends. He has also held the office of county commissioner one term and discharged the duties of that position in a very creditable manner. He has a fine large two-story brick residence and is surrounded by every comfort and convenience. Daniel W. Peffley, the efficient trustee and a successful farmer of Warren town- ship, St. Joseph Co., Ind., is the product of Jackson township, Elkhart Co, Ind,, his advent into this world occurring on August 28, 1846, his parents being Joseph and Catherine (Burtner) Peffley, who were born in Lebanon county, Penn., MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 465 April 12, 1817, and Cumberland county, Penu., June 10, 1819, respectively. The father died in Warren township, this county, January 24, 1885, having immigrated from Pennsylvania to Montgomery county, Ohio in 1820 with his parents, who were born in Pennsylvania, but were of German descent. In the Buckeye State Joseph Peffley was married, in 1843 became a resident of Elkhart county, Ind., and of St. Joseph county in 1848. The mother was called from this life on November 7, 1884. Her father, George Burtner, was a Pennsylvanian, who became a resident of Montgomery county, Ohio, in an early day. Joseph Peffley was a jarosperous tiller of the soil, was an influential minister of the I'uited Brethren Church, and was a prominent and influential citizen of the different sections in which he resided. Daniel W. was the fourth child in a family of five sons, and in St. Joseph county he was reared, his education being acquired in the common country schools, and in the high school of South Bend. At the age of twenty-one he began teaching school, and followed this occupation during the winter months for ten years, his summers being devoted to tilling the soil, in both of which occupations he was successful. He was first elected trustee of Warren township in 1880, and served very efiiciently as such, for four years, then was out of oiSce four years. At the end of this time he was again elected to the same oflice, and was honored Ijy a re-election in 1890. In the conduct of the affairs of this office, he has shown himself to be capable, energetic and faithful, and. in fact, the right man in the right place. He is one of the substantial citizens of his section, and is highly regarded by his many acquaint- ances. The principles of the Republican party have always commended themselves to his excellent judgment, and his first presidential vote was cast for U. S. Grant, He is greatly interested in the affairs of his section, keeps well posted and up with the times in all respects, and his good judgment can always be relied upon. His farm of 160 acres is advantageously located about five miles west of the county seat, and is an admirably tilled farm, showing that a man of enlightened and intelligent views, as well as one who is industrious and enterprising, has the management of affairs. In May, 1880, ho was united in marriage with Miss Frances Clay of Union township, who was born in Darke county, Ohio, a daughter of Andrew J. and Nancy Clay, who settled in St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1865. Mr. Clay is now living in South Bend. Mr. Peffley was called upon to mourn the death of his wife on Feb- ruary 3, 1885, having borne her husband one son and one daughter; Essie B. and Harry D. Mr. Peffley's second union was consummated on December 9, 1888, to which union one child has been born. Jay Earl. During the Civil war Mr. Peffley was not in the service, but two of his brothers, Simon and Henry, were participants in the great conflict. John U. Walter, who for twenty-eight years has made his home in St. Joseph county, Ind., is one of the most prominent and well-to-do farmers of Union town- ship, and has a fine home about one mile southeast of Lakeville. He was born in Wurtemberg. Germany, September 9, 1832, the youngest of three children born to John and Waklburg (Gleckler) Walter, both of whom were born in Germany, the former dying there about 1878, and the latter in 1849. The father was a prosper- ous farmer, and during Napoleon's time was drafted into the army, and was employed to carry off the wounded from the field. He was married twice, his first wife being a Miss Stetter, by whom he became the father of five sons: George, John, David, Jacob and Albrecht, all of whom are now deceased, David being the only one to come to the United States. He reached this country in 1859, married, reared a family and died in Whitlej' county, Ind. After the death of his first wife Mr. Wal- ter wedded Miss Gleckler, who bore him the following children : Octavins, who resides on the old homestead in Germany; Anna, who died after her marriage with Frederick Stetter, and John U., the subject of this sketch. Two children, Mariah and Anna, died in infancy. When eighteen years of age John U. Walter left the land of his birth and took passage on board a sailing vessel tor America, and after a voyage of eleven weeks landed at Castle Garden, New York, from which place he 466 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL went to Sandusky City, Ohio. He bad received a good German education, and after reaching Ohio he apprenticed himself to a shoemaker, but remained with him only one month, when he began working on a farm, and followed that occupation until he married, in 1856, Miss Elizabeth Boyer becoming his wife. She is a daughter of Daniel and Caroline (Wolf) Boyer, who spent their lives in Bavaria, Germany, and is one of the three children born to them: Adam, Catherine and Elizabeth. Cath- erine died in the old country, and Adam lives on the old place in Germany. Mrs. Walter came to the United States on a sailing vessel with a cousin, and after a very pleasant voyage of thirty-one days she landed at New York. She and her cousin and his family proceeded to AVhitley county, lud., and there she was residing at the time of her marriage. Soon after the celebration of their nuptials Mr. and Mrs. Walter rented a small farm, but six years later purchased eighty acres, on which a little clearing had been done and a small cabin erected. After living there eighteen months they came to St. Joseph county by wagon, having three teams, and settled on the farm on which he is at present residing, his first purchase amounting to 120 acres. He now has 205 acres, the most of which is improved, but on which are a few huckleberry marshes. He has followed general farming and has been very successful, especially as a raiser of good grain and stock. A strong Democrat in politics, he has always been very public spirited and has held the office of assessor of Union township two years, and on various occasions has been a member of the school board of his district. He and his wife are members of the Christian Church of Lakeville, and he is an elder and an active worker in the same. He and his wife have the esteem and respect of all who know them, and are deservedly classed among the uromiuent citizens of their section. Their children are as follows: Will- iam H. , born December 30, 1856, is unmarried and is a railroad man of Colorado; Anna E., born December 1, 1858, is the wife of George Barnhart of this county, by whom she has two children — Homer and Roxie; Mary E. was born January 7, 1861, is the wife of Frederick Zugelder of Colorado, and is the mother of three children — Carl, Hazel and Frederick; Catherine was born March 23, 1868, is the wife of Robert Robertson, of South Bend, and has three children — Gladys, Fern and Edith; Caroline was born February 14, 1866, is the teacher of music, has taught in the public schools and is now at home; David was born November 24, 1868, and died December 19, 1869; Edith was born December 15. 1870, and died January 22, 1892, and Linna, who was born October 20, 1872, is living at home and has been a school teacher. All these children seem to have a natural gift for music and their parents have given them all good educational advantages. Chakles E. Kdtz. No business requires a more thorough knowledge of details than that which relates to the sanitary conditions of our houses and public build- ings. Of late years this subject has received the careful study of scientific men who make sanitary plumbing a specialty, and the perfection to which the sci- ence has been brought is the best comment upon the intelligence which has been devoted to it. One of the successful Isusiness men engaged in plumbing and gas fitting is Mr. Charles E. Kutz, who is a skilled exponent of his craft and a promi- nent citizen of Goshen, born in Sunbury, Penn. , July 26, 1856. He is the sou of Daniel G. and Mary A. (Everett) Kutz. natives of Pennsylvania. The Kutz family came originally from Hessen Castle, Germany, and the Everett family trace their ancestry to Switzerland. Daniel G. Kutz was born in the year 1819, and his father was among the forty-niners who went to California, and as he was never afterward heard from it is supposed he was killed by Indians. Daniel was reared in his native State and when young learned the blacksmith's trade which he followed for a number of years and afterward removed to a farm. In the latter occupation he met with success and became the owner of a large amount of land. He was district lecturer of the State Grange and Government statistician and had the most important of the 300 tires in the repair department from 1863 to 1865, at Washington, D. C. About the year 1845 he married Miss Mary A. Everett, daughter of John and Sophia MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 467 (Honser) Everett, natives of Germany, who came to America at an early date, settling in Pennsylvania, where they resided until their deaths. To Daniel G. Kutz and wife were born the following children: John, George, Charles E., William, Clinton, Hannah, Ella, Sarah, Fanny and Richard (deceased). The motherof these children passed to her final reward on the 9th of October, 1869, but the father survived until December 22, 1891. Charles E. Kutz was reared in his native county and there learned the trade of plumbing and gas -fitting. In 1873 he went to Pekin, 111. , and there worked in a blacksmith shop for about a year, afterward returning to his native State. For two years he worked in Sunbury Gas Works and in the spring of 1870 he went to Colorado, seeking his fortune in the mining districts. During the summer season he was engaged in prospecting and then when cold weather appeared he returned to Pennsylvania and worked at his trade until the fol- lowing spring. This he continued for three years but without success. In 1879 he went to Seymour, Ind. , to assist in the construction of gas works and was man- ager of that institution for three years. From there he went to Louisville, worked at his trade for over a year and in October, 1882, he came to Goshen, where he became a member of the firm of Minnich &Kutz, dealers in plumbing, gas and steam- fitting, etc. In 1887 Mr. Minnich retired and the business has since been contin- ued by Mr. Kutz. He has made an excellent reputation for good work and is doing a thriving business. In the matter of charges, he makes it a rule to be moderate and reasonable, and this has undoubtedly had an influence in building up the excel- lent trade enjoyed. Another feature that has given great satisfaction among his patrons is the promptness with which all orders are attended to. He does the largest jobbing trade in his line in northern Indiana; performs work for town and county, and has contracts over northern Indiana and western Ohio and southern Michigan, the business increasing each year. In connection with his brother he had patented Kutz System of Hot Water Heating, for buildings of every decription, and this is generally in use in this section of country in the majority of the largest and best buildings. Socially Mr. Kutz is a K. of P., Lodge No. 41, Division No. 11. and is a charter member of the Knights of Maccabees. In politics he is a Republican. On the 21st of October, 1886, our subject was married to Miss Josephine Hottinger, who was born June 12, 1866, to the union of Alonzo audRosina Worster Hottinger, natives of Indiana. Mr. Hottinger died in 1880, but his wife is still living and finds a comfortable home with her daughter Josephine, in Goshen. To Mr. and Mrs. Kutz have been born one child, Graoie W., whose birth occurred September 5, 1888. Hon. Schuyler Colfax was a true representative of what an American boy can become by his own unaided efforts. His life began in the city of New York, March 23, 1823, and owing to the death of his father prior to his birth, he became the only living child of a widowed mother. Gen. William Colfax, his grandfather, was a lieutenant in the Continental army when only nineteen years old, and was a close and confidential friend of General Washington. General Colfax married Hester Schuyler and their third son was Schuyler Colfax, who was the father of the sub- ject of this sketch. It was in his native city that Schuyler, Jr., received his early schooling. At ten years of age he began clerking in a store and at thirteen immi- grated westward and found a home in New Carlisle, Ind. , where he clerked iintil 1841, when he moved to South Bend. Prior to attaining his majority he served as reporter of the Senate for the State Journal and later was appointed deputy auditor of St. Joseph county. Instinctively he liked and seemed to grasp the ideas neces- sary to make a successful newspaper man. Purchasing the St. Joseph Valley Register in 1845, of which he was the founder, he continued its editor and publisher for a period of eighteen years, obtaining renown as a brilliant writer on all the prin- cipal topics of the day. His first election to ofiice was in 1850, when he became a member of the convention which framed the new constitution of the State. As a Whig he was nominated, much to his surprise, for Congress in 1851, but was de- 468 PICTOBIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL feated by about 200 votes, claimed by his friends to have been illegally cast at Mich- igan City. The year following he was a delegate to the National Convention which nominated General Scott for the presidency, and in 1854 was elected to the Thirty- fourth Congress by 1,776 votes, although the district the preceding election gave a Democratic majority of 1,200. In 1858 he was re-elected to Congress and was made chairman of the Committee on Postotfices and Postroads. He was elected to the special session of Congress (the thirty-seventh) called to provide for the prose- cution of the war, and was active in raising troops for the suppression of the Kebel- lion. At the organization of the Thirty-eighth Congress Mr. Colfax was elected speaker on the first ballot, and in the Thirty-ninth Congress was re-elected to the position by a majority of 103 votes. At the organization of the Fortieth Congress Mr. Colfax was a third time elected speaker which fact attested his popularity with his colleagues. The favor with which his name was received was not coniiued to the halls of Congress, but extended all over the country, and so manifest was this that he was nominated by the Eepublicau party for the office of Vice-President of the United States in 1868 and was triumphantly elected. At the expiration of his term of office he returned to South Bend and, declining further political preferment, was practically retired from active life until his death. His home life was one of purity, happiness and affection. He was an ardent member of the I. O. O. F. and was founder of the Daughters of Rebecca degree. For a number of years he devoted his leisure to the delivery of lectures, principally upon the life and character of Abraham Lincoln, and in the prosecution of this work was found in almost every northern State in the Union. Mr. Colfax died in Mankato, Minn., January 13, 1885. Joseph E. Gardner. Like many of the prominent citizens of the county, Mr. Gardner is of German nativity, born in Ruttenburg, February 26, 1810. His parents, Joseph and Victoria (Single) Gardner, were natives of the Fatherland also, and the father was a soldier under Napoleon. He was a prominent business man and had large interests in the city of Ruttenburg, operating flax, plaster and oil mills at that place for many years. He was twice married and to each union were born eleven children. In 1882 Mr. Gardner sold his business interests in his native country and came to America, settling six miles east of Buffalo, N. Y., where he purchased a farm of 260 acres. He subsequently built a canal boat and operated the same for several years on the Erie Canal, but finally moved to Michigan, where his death occurred about the year 1875. Twenty two years had passed over the head of our subject when he came with his parents to the "land of the free." During his early days he received a good education in the German language in his native country, and after reaching America he applied himself and through his own efforts succeeded in gaining a good practical English education. After settling in New York he started out to light life's battles for himself and as he received no as- sistance from his father, he began working by the day at whatever was profitable or legitimate. He selected his wife in the person of Miss Catherine Follmer, a native of Germany, born February 9, 1809. and their marriage was celebrated on October 4, 1832. In 1832 Mr. and Mrs. Gardner turned their faces toward the setting sun, and went by boat to Detroit. After landing in that city Mr. Gardner purchased an ox team and into the wagon which he had lirought from Buffalo, he and wife started overland to Elkhart county. They were over a week on the way and camped out nights, experiencing many incidents of interest during that memorable trip. Ar- riving at Goshen, Mr. Gardner settled on eighty acres, about eight miles south- west of that town, in a log cabin, where he cleared about six acres of land. There he resided for about a year. The land at the time of settlement was not open to purchase, and at the time of sale he was beaten out of the same by land speculators and sharks. He was obliged to commence at the beginning once more and came to Jefferson township, this county, settling on his present property. At that time he purchased sixty acres, erected a rude log cabin, and began clearing the land and ME3I0IRS OF INDIANA. 469 making a home. Indians were numerous and game of many kinds was in abun- dance. All the privations and trials of pioneer life were experiened by Mr. Gardner. During his early days iu Elkhart county he was engaged in teaming, hauling mer- chandise for business men at Goshen from distant points. In this way he made a start, and by careful management and good judgment in all that he undertook, has acquired a competency. He now owns 280 acres of land and on this has good, substantial buildings, an ornament to any farm. He has also been very generous to his children, giving them, in addition to a good education, $1,100 each. He has been progressive and enterprising, and is one of the oldest residents now residing in JeffersoQ township. He is liberal in his political views, generally voting for the best man. His children, seven in number, are named as follows: Henry (deceased), JohnL. , William, Joseph, Charles F. and George \Y. (twins), and Benjamin. Mr. Gardner is highly esteemed in Elkhart county and is one of that county's most pro- gressive and successful citizens. His son, George W. Gardner, was born in Jeffer- son township, Elkhart county, April 13, 1849, and was educated iu the schools of that county. When a young man he began learning the blacksmith's trade, but the duties at home required his services and he gave it up. He remained under the parental roof until of age, and on August 18, 1871, he was married to Miss Hen- rietta Overley, who was born October 17, 1851, and who was the daughter of Na- thaniel and Margaret (Caton) Overley, the latter a native of Maryland. The Catons were among the pioneer families of Jefferson township. To Mr. and Mrs. Gardner were born four children, as follows: Cora, married George Hamlet, and resides in Jefferson township; W'illiam, born March 21, 1872; Eugene, born October 12, 1873, and Harley E., born April Vi, 1877, and died January 21, 1879. After his marriage Mr. Gardner remained on the home place until 187-1. when he removed, with his family, to Goshen, and there made his home for nearly two years, Mr. Gardner op- erating a threshing machine during that time. He subsequently returned to the old homestead and there resided until the spring of 1891, when he purchased the farm where he now resides, consisting of eighty acres in Section 13, all under cultivation. Mr. Gardner pays considerable attention to the raising of horses. He Las been su- pervisor in the township for about twelve years and is a reliable, upright citizen. He is a successful farmer and business man and takes great pride iu supplying his children with every want. He and family are members of the Progressive Brethren Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. He is strong in his temperance views, although he does not favor partisan Prohibition. John Bubdick SL.iuoHTER was born near Ravenna, Ohio, March 3, 1831, and is the son of Solomon and Ruth (Burdick) Slaughter, natives respectively of Delaware and Massachusetts, the former born in 1805 and the latter in 1810. Solomon Slaughter was reared in the State of his nativity, and when about twenty-thi'ee years of age emigrated to Ohio, and settled on a farm near Ravenna. About the year 1829 he was married to Ruth Burdick, the daughter of John and Maria (Thayer) Burdick who were pioneers of Summit county, Ohio. John B. Slaughter received the advan- tages of a district school education, attending during the winter season and passing the remainder of the time at work upon the farm. When quite a lad he started out to make his own way in life. His first efforts were upon the canal, where he passed some time driving a canal team. Afterward he went to Cleveland and began to learn the trade of marble cutting. Having mastered his trade, he returned to his native town and worked at the same for some time, but his health failing him, on account of too close attention to his work, in 1854 he went west to the wilds and prairies of Wisconsin and passed the winter in a logging camp among the pineries. In the spring he resumed work at his trade, purchasing an interest in a marble shop at Chicago. He afterward worked at different points throughout the West, includ- ing nearly three years at Ligouier, Ind., where he owned a shop and from which place he came to Goshen in 1859, where he has since resided. In March, 1864, he was married to Miss Lydia Dean, who was born in Meadville, Penn., April 470 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL 13, 1839, to the marriage of A.bram and Isabella (Adams) Dean. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Slaughter have been born three children: Halsey D., born May 27, 1866, and died January 14, 1890; Leon B., born March 5, 1869, and Isabella, born September 10, 1874, and died December 25, 1881. Mr. Slaughter has neversought political honors, but has been twice elected to the common council of his city. He was for many years a member of the Masonic fraternity. During the period of nearly forty years that Mr. Slaughter has been in the marble business in this local- ity, he has placed his work in nearly every cemetery in northern Indiana and south ern Michigan and has marked the last resting place of thousands of his fellow- beings. Eli S. Huff. It is with true interest that the biographer takes up his pen to write of the HufF family, one of the prominent ones of the county, and of one of its members, Eli S. HufF, who is actively engaged in agricultural pursuits. This repre- sentative citizen was born in Elkhart county, Middlebury township, Ind. , Novemljer 7, 1846, and is a son of Michael and Lucy A. (Bhicher) Huff, natives of Wayne county, Ohio. Michael HufF was born in 1816, and his father, Philip HufF, was a native of the Keystone State, but at an early date came to Wayne county, Ohio, with his family. There his death occurred. Michael was reared on a farm in Ohio and learned the broom trade, at which he worked during the winter months for thirty years. He was married to Miss Lucy A. Blucher, and the following children were born to them: Sarah A., Lavina (deceased), John H., Eli S., Chauncy (deceased) aud Malinda (deceased). In 1836 Mr. Huff and family came to Elkhart county, Ind., settled in Middlebury township and were among the pioneers of the same. Six years later he disposed of his property in Middlebury aud removed to Jefferson township, where he piirchased eighty acres of unimproved land in Section 12, which he cleared and improved. He afterward purchased additional land, and at one time owned 200 acres, being a very successful agriculturist. His death occurred April 28, 1889, and his widow survived him until October 8, 1889. Six years had passed over the head of our subject when his parents settled in Jefferson township, and in this township he was reared. He assisted his father on the farm, and in his youthful days learned the broom-maker's trade of his father, working at the same during the winter months. His education was received in the schools of Jefferson township, and on February 11, 1879, he was married to Eliza J. Cornell, who was born March 12, 18 — , a native of Ohio, and the latter of Elkhart county, Ind. Mrs. Cornell died in 1852, and Mr. Cornell now resides in Goshen. Mr. and Mrs. Huff are the parents of two children — Corella (married Edward Musbaum), and Frank. They have also an adopted child, Grace. Mr. Huff has 100 acres of land in Jefferson township, and on this he resides at the present time. He also owns about seventeen acres in Elkhart township, near Goshen. In politics he is a stanch Repi;blican, and has been supervisor of his town- ship. He is a member of the K. P. Lodge at Middlebury, aud he and wife hold mem- bership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Bykon K. Elliott, well known as a jurist and author throughout the United States, was born in Butler county, Ohio, Se23tember, 4, 1835. His ancestry is Pennsylvanian, from which State James Elliott, his grandfather, went to Ohio in 1799. Judge Elliott lived at Hamilton until 1849, and after a year or so spent in Cincinnati, came to Indianapolis in December, 1850. His education was received at Hamilton Academy, Furmau's Seminary, and the "Old Sem- inary '' in Indianapolis, Mr. Lang being at the time in charge. He was ad- mitted to the bar in February, 1858, on motion of Judge N. B. Taylor, and in May, 1859, was elected city attorney — a most convincing proof of ability and char- acter to command such a position at the age of twenty-four, and in the first year of professional life. Judge Elliott was in the hundred-day service as a captain in the One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment, and was subsequently on General Mil- roy's staff as assistant adjutant general. On his return he resumed practice, and was elected city attorney again in 1865, and re elected in 1867 and 1869. In Octo- Hon. B. K. ELLIOTT. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 473 ber, 1870, he was elected judge of the criminal court, and resigned the office of city attorney. In November, 1872, he resigned the judgeship to take the oflSce of city solicitor unanimously tendered him by the city council. He was elected city attorney once more in 1873, and one of the judges of the superior court in 1876. In 1880 he was nominated Ijy the Republicans for judge of the supreme court of Indiana and elected. He has been a member of that court ever since, serving for sev- eral terms as chief justice of the same. In 1892 he was re-nominated by acclamation for the same office. Judge Elliott is lecturer on equity and jurisprudence at De Pauw University at Greencastle, and at the Northwestern University, at Chicago, of which Henry Wade Rogers is president. He was married to Miss Harriet A. Talbott, of this city, September, 5, 1855. Judge Elliott is regarded, in and out of the profession, as one of thepure.st, fairest, and most clear-sighted of Indiana judges of this generation. His rulings and opinions are widely known and quoted, and there are few in which greater or more general confidence is felt than in his. He has also attained a national reputation as a writer of legal literature, and at the annual meeting of the National Bar Association, held in this city in August, 1890, was chosen to deliver the annual address. His subject on that occasion was "Local Self Government." It was a masterpiece of thought and diction. One of the most beautiful and touching orations of its kind ever delivered in the State was that of Judge Elliott at the memorial services in Goshen after the death of Judge J. A. S. Mitchell, early in 1890. It is a perfect classic. The Judge has been called on fre- quentlj', during his career, as a speaker on public, law, or literary topics, and has demonstrated the possession of ability in that direction, and a happy manner of treatment not usually possessed by those who, like him. closely bend themselves to hard and persistent work on the bench and in the field of legal instruction. The lack of space precludes that extended notice and review of Judge Elliott as a law writer which his merits deserve. Three volumes: " Work of the Advocate," "The Law of Roads and Streets," and "Appellate Procedure," were the joint production of himself and his son William F. Elliott. These books are isssed by the Bowen- Merrill Company of this city. The first is a large octavo volume of 770 pages, first issued in 1888. The second covers over 80(J pages, and has the largest and most general circulation of any law book published in recent years. The " Work of the Advocate" called forth from the Albany iya!''./oi(;'naZ, one of the most critical and im- partial of legal periodicals, a review of two pages in its editorial colunjns. in which the book is highly praised, not only from a lawyer's standpoint, but for its literary excellence. "It is a pleasure," says the editor of the Law Journal, "to read such an excellent stj'le, never diffuse and never barren, supplied with striking antitheses, and enlivened by apt anecdotes. The Judge is always acute and ingenious." All the leading law journals of the country have found much to commend in the book, and speak of it in equally just and flattering terms. The latest work has also been much praised by eminent lawyers and judges. In the same way judges of the supreme courts of many of the States and the leading lawyers of the entire country have given evidence of their appreciation of the volume. Mention is made of the remarkable demand for "The Law of Roads and Streets " in the chapter on book- making and publishing in this volume. It would be gratifying if it were possible to condense the opinions expressed on this work by the daily press of the country, as well as the legal journals and hundreds of eminent lawyers and judges. It would be ea.sy to cover many of the broad pages of this work with extracts like the following, which is a sample of many, and in this instance taken from the Central Laiv Journal, of St. Louis: " The high reputation and wide experience of Judge Elliott as a member of the supreme court of Indiana is such that our readers need not be told that he is capable of preparing a thoroughly good law book. He is the oldest, and by common consent, the leading member of that court, and, indeed, in point of learning and ability occupies a place in the front rank of the eminent jurists of this country. His opinions on the bench always exhibit great care, thought and laborious research, and contain terse, vigorous statements of the law." 28 474 PICTORIAL AND BlOGliAPUICAL Hon. Albert Osborn. Tho Osborn family is one of the prominent ones of Elk- hart county and the tirst member to take root on American soil was the great- grandfather of our subject, who was born in England and who braved Neptune's tender mercies and settled in Massachusetts at an early date. He brought his wife with him and in that State both passed the remainder of their days. Their son, Enos Osborn, grandfather of subject, grew to manhood in that State, and was there married to Miss Naoma . He tilled the soil there for many years and then moved with his family to Otsego county, N. Y. , and about 1840 from there to St. Joseph county, Mich. There he made a permanent settlement, and there his death occurred about the year 1870, at the advanced age of ninety-seven years. His wife had passed away several years prior to that. Both were natives of the Old Bay State. Their son, Daniel Osborn, was born in Massachusetts and was but a mere child when his parents settled in New York State. In that State he grew to manhood and received a common-school education. He learned the clothier trade when young, but did not follow it to any great extent, being engaged in other enterprises from which he realized big returns. He was also a minister of local fame, although he did not follow it at any time as a business, being an agriculturist for the most part. He was married in Otsego county, N. Y.. to Miss Margaret Miller, a daughter of Michael and Elizabeth Miller, both of whom were natives of New York and of German descent. Mr. Miller resided in New York until after the death of his wife after which he went to Missouri and made his home with his children, all of whom had emigrated to different parts of the West. He lived to be nearly one hundred years old and during his latter days was remarkably sprightly, retaining his faculties in a wonderful manner until his death, which occurred in Missouri. In 1835 Daniel Osborn and family removed to St. Joseph county, Mich., settled on wild land purchased from the Government and covered with timber, and on this erected a hewn-log cabin, which was considered a very good house for those days. Having spent all his money in the purchase of the farm and getting settled he had very little left at the l)eginniug of winter. He was not easily discouraged and purchasing an ax handle for a pattern, began making these out of the limited amount of hickory timber on his place, for the market. During his tirst winter in Michigan he made and sold about .S80 worth of these handles and afterward often wondered how he would have supported his family in any other way during that first season. On this farm Mr. Osborn lived until his death in 1860, being nearly sixty years of age. During his residence in St. Joseph county he was ofiScially con- nected with the same at different times in various capacities and discharged his duties in a satisfactory and creditable manner. His wife survives him and resides with a daughter in Goshen, being now over ninety four years of age. Their son, Albert Osborn, subject of this sketch, was born in the Empire State. Otsego coimty, April 2, 1824, and is not only one of the foremost agriculturists of Elkhart county, Ind., but one of its most influential citizens. He was but eleven years of age when his parents emigrated from his native Stateto St. Joseph county, Mich., and in the latter State he finished his growth and learned habits of economy and industry. He attended the common schools of the county and walked two and a half miles morn- ing and evening to obtain a limited education, always improving his time when in the school-room. He was married in St. Joseph county, February 2, 1845. to Miss Catherine Kirkwood, a native of Greene County Ohio, born in 1824, and the daugh- ter of William and Elizabeth (Schover) Kirkwood. the former a native of the Buck- eye State and the latter of Pennsylvania. Mrs. Kirkwood died when Catherine was quite small and Mr. Kirkwood's death occurred in Ohio a number of years later. After marriage Mr. Osborn settled in St. Joseph county, Mich., and a few years afterward in Ohio. In 1852 Mr. Osborii made a trip to California, going across the plains, and returned in December, 1855, the trip proving a profitable one. In the spring of 1863 he came to Elkhart county, settled in Jackson township, and two years later removed to Jefferson township. There he settled on the farm where he MEMOIIiS OF INDIANA. 475 now resides and has since been classed among the representative men of tLe county. In 1872 he was elected to the Legislature and served two years. In 1890 he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for tlie Legislature and although the county has a Republican majority of 300 or more, he was elected, thus showing his popularity. He was renominated last year (1892) by his party. Mr. Osborn is a very con- scientious man in all that pertains to his official life and work and votes for the best interests of the people, regardless of party affiliations. He is an upright, honora- ble man aud is popular iu his county regardless of party. He has never sought office, never solicited a vote, his nominations and elections coming unsolicited. ]Mr. Osborn has a farm of 200 acres of well-improved laud, is progressive and enterpris- ing, and one of the prosperous men of his section. He recently deeded an undivided one-half of the property to his only child, Ira A., who resides on and superintends the homestead. He was born in St. Joseph county, Mich., February 2, 1846, and passed his boyhood days on the farm. He came to Jefferson township, Elkhart county, Ind., with his parents in 1865 and there has made his home since. He was educated in the public schools and when he decided to take unto himself a wife he selected Miss Josephine Chamberlain, a native of Goshen, Ind., born August 8, 1853, and the daughter of Smith and Elizabeth (Lathrop) Chamberlain, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Osborn are the parents of two children: Frank A. and Albert S. Mr. Osborn is trustee of the township, has held that position for four j'ears, and is an energetic young man, a successful farmer, and a leader in the Democratic party in Jefferson township. He is a mem ber of the Farmer's Alliance. His mother died January 8, 1891. She waS an ex- cellent woman and had many warm friends. Robert E. Ch.\ttex has. perhaps, as many friends as any man in Elkhart county. He is a native of Adrian, Mich., his birth occurring April 2, 1857. His youth was passed amid more hardships than usually fall to the lot of boys, as his advantages were of a very limited nature, and when barely old enough he had to work, not only for himself, but his mother and live younger children. In 1867 the family moved to Elkhart county and settled in the village of Benton. He then worked on the bench at shoemaking. While yet a youth he became librarian for his township, and having access to the valuable reading matter it contained and the school text-books, he made the most of his opportunities, and his leisure hours were devoted to reading and study, whereby he obtained a practical education. While working hard from early morning until late at night, he would then burn the "midnight oil'' in pur- suing his researches after knowledge. He worked at the bench and pursued his studies until he attained his majority, aud during this time he was fortunate enough to attend Oberlin College, Ohio, for three months. Upon attaining his twenty- second year he was elected to the office of justice of the peace, and was probably the youngest man ever elected to that position in the Stale of Indiana. In discharging his duties he showed great wisdom and judgment, and his services were known and appreciated by those who had elected him to the office. About 1880 he concluded that his chances for success in life would be greater in the West, and upon announcing his intention, was strongly urged by his friends to forego such desires, and he did so. About this time his particular friend and counsellor. Captain Thompson, became a candidate for the office of sheriff, and young Chatten did all in his power for his friend's election, and the result was the Captain's election to the office. The latter then appointed Mr. Chatten his deputy, not only in recognition of the services that had been rendered him, but from the fact that he was an intelligent young man and well qualified for the position. Mr. Chatten soon after went to the county seat, aud, not- withstanding the fact that he was a green country boy, he tilled the position admirably. In 1886 he sought the nomination of sheriff at the hands of the Repub- lican county convention, and on the first ballot was nominated, a fact that showed that while tilling the position of deputy, he builded better than he knew. He made the canvass of the county, and much to his surprise was elected by the unprecedented 476 PICTORIAL ^i^D BIOGRAPHICAL majority of 1,486 votes, the nominal majority being understood to be about three hundred. The inference gained is, that Mr. Chatten was a popular candidate, to say the least. That he filled the position satisfactorily is evidenced by his re elec- tion two years later by a majority of 1,586 — just 100 more votes than at his first election. Mr. Chatteu was married November 15, 1885, to Miss Annie Darr, and by her is the father of one daughter: Madge M. Mr. Chatten is a K. of P. and the order of Chosen Friends. John B. H.\bey. Among the old soldiers whose life records are to be found in the annals of Elkhart county, Ind. , and whose bravery and endurance upon the bat- tlefield and in the march are a story well worth telling, we can give the name which appears at the head of this sketch. His parents, George and Rebecca (Brewer) Haliey, were natives of Pennsylvania, and there the former received his final sum- mons. The latter died in Elkhart county, York township, lud., in 1873. Our sub- ject first saw the light of day in Pennsylvania May 30, 1886, and he made his home there until eighteen years of age, when he came to St. Joseph county, Mich. Six years later, or in the fall of 1860, he purchased a farm where he now lives, and settled upon it in May, 1861. At that time he had fifty acres of land covered with timber, and he erected a house 16x20 feet, double boards, and resided in this for several years before it was plastered. He was married January 29, 1856, to Miss Mary E. Hass, daughter of William Hass, by a former marriage (see sketch). She was born October 9, 1837, and by her marriage became the mother of four children, viz.: Clara A., born February 17, 1857, married B. T. Vandecarr, and is now re- siding at South Bend, Ind.; William M. , born May 26, 1859, is studying for the ministry, and has nearly completed a thorough course at Wittinburg College at Springfield, Ohio; Susannah, born June 1, 1861, married H. L. Brown May 2, 1883, and now resides in Chicago, and Jennie I. Y. , born December 27, 1874, and is now residing at home. Mr. Habey has the original farm be purchased in this township, and has added to this eleven acres of timber land in St. Joseph county, Mich. On August 11, 1862, Mr. Habey enlisted in Company I, Eighty-eighth Indiana Infantry, and dedicated himself to his country's cause for three years, unless sooner killed or disabled. About six weeks after leaving home he participated in the battle of Perry ville, Ky., which occurred October 8, 1862, and about a year after enlistment he was transferred to the veteran reserve corps, for what reason he does not know. He has a good record, as the fine recommendations of acting assistant Adjt. Gen. E. R. P. Shurley shows, while he was sergeant of Company D, Eighth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps at Camp Douglas, Chicago. Among other things Capt. Shurley said: "Habey is a man of more than ordinary executive ability, and has been deserving of increased rank. The camp is wholly indebted to him for its architectural beauties. It has increased and grown into its splendid proportions under his skill and mechanical ingenuity. The records from his old company state that he has been energetic, brave and patriotic. He is of the class of men who have served the Government. He has saved the Government at this point by his judg- ment and skill vast sums of money." This complimentary letter was dated Camp Douglas, July 6, 1865. Another letter dated July 2, 1865, and signed by Eugene V. Roddin, quartermaster, was equally complimentary. From the effects of rheu- matism and other disabilities contracted in field service Mr. Habey is at present incapacitated for work and receives a pension of ?10 per month. He is a member of the G. A. R. , and in politics is a firm advocate of Republican principles. He and Mrs. Habey are worthj^ members of the Lutheran Church and are highly respected in the community. Gov. James D. Willi.\ms, or more popularly known as "Blue- Jeans" AVilliams, represented the old type of the true gentleman. He was not gifted with the polish that comes of a finished education or that is usual in the case of public men. A Democrat of the Jeffersouian school in all that the term implies, a man of remarka- ble force of character, simple and unostentatious in his intercourse with his fellow- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 477 'men, honest as the day was long, it is no wonder that "Blue-Jeans" Williams ob- tained a strong hold upon the hearts of the masses. He was born January 16, 1808, in Pickaway county, Ohio, moved with his parents to Knox county, Ind. , when ten years old, was reared to hard work on the home farm, and was taught to believe that it was far better to be able to boast of his skill in plowing, clearing, splitting rails, swinging the cradle and the like, than it was to boast of his education. As a con- sequence his schooling was of a very meager character; but what he lacked in this respect was modified to a considerable extent by desultory readings and in his in- tercourse with men of learning. When twenty years old his father died, and the care of the family devolved upon him, and three years later occurred his marriage with Nancy Huffman. When thirty-one years of age he began his public career by be- coming a justice of the jjeace, but in 1843 resigned and was elected to the State Legislature. From IB-IS to 1874 Mr. Williams was almost continually in the Legis- lature of the State, either as representative or senator. In the year last mentioned he was elected to represent his district in Congress, was made chairman of the Com- mittee on Accounts of the House, and while not making a brilliant record in his one term as Congressman, he gave a thoroughly able and honest representation. In 1876, much to his surprise, he became the nominee of the Democracy of the State for the Governorship of Indiana. It was in this campaign that his opponents made sport of his homespun clothes and plain appearance, and obtained for him the sobriquet of "Blue Jeans." It was one of the most remarkable campaigns of this most re- markable country, and is comparable to the "Tippecanoe and Tyler too," and the Lincoln-Douglas elections. Mr. Williams was elected by more than five thousand votes over Gen. Benjamin Harrison, afterward President of the United States, and served four years. He has been dead several years. James A. Arthur. To speak of the Goshen of a quarter of a century ago as compared with the Goshen of to-day, is, on the one hand, referring to a thrifty agricultural hamlet, and on the other to a prosperous manufacturing city ranking second to none of its size iu the entire Union. Substantial brick structures are rapidly taking the place of tumble-down wooden blocks, factories have been and are being built, manufactories are induced to locate within its borders, metropolitan airs are justly assumed, and the year 1892 finds the city upon the full tide of prosper- ity. The character of a locality is determined by the conduct of its inhabitants, and Goshen, Ind., is noted for its enterprising, intelligent and law-al)iding citizens. This prosperous condition of affairs is not alone attributable to the old time- honored people; far from it. The younger men, more active in their business callings, have been untiring for the city's weal, and by reason of their push and enterprise the city has a national reputation. Prominent among this latter class is James A. Arthur, whose name forms the subject for this sketch. A native of Prince Edward's Island, his birth occurred January 7, 1851, being one in a family of eight children, six of whom are yet living. The parents, John and Rachel (Wolner) Arthur, were natives of Prince Edward's Island and Ipswich, England, respectively. In 1859 the family immigrated to the United States, locating first at Niles, Mich., but removing to Goshen, Ind., in 1861, where the father embarked in mercantile piu'- suits and keeping a hotel. In 1871 he moved to Illinois where he engaged iu farm- ing, continuing that avocation until his death at Kankakee, July 7, 1885. Mr. Arthur was of a thrifty nature and had accumulated, at different times, considerable money, but this was all swept away by endorsing friends' papers. He died as he lived — an honest, deserving and respected man — his widow yet surviving him, residing in Chicago. James A. Arthur is the only living representative of his father's family, now in Elkhart county. Receiving but a common school education, he commenced the battle of life upon his own responsibility, at the age of sixteen, without a dollar to call his own. During early manhood he began buying and selling pumps, but in 1871 began traveling for Walworth, Twohig & Furse, large dealers, at Chicago, in pumps and plumbers' supplies. This position he resigned in 1873 to take charge 478 PICTORIAL JJN^D BIOGRAPHICAL of the sales department of the Goshen Pump Company, with whom he continued for a period of seven years. In January, 1S80, in company with Alfred Lowry and John Korrady, Jr., he established the " I X L Pump Company," which was shortly after- ward merged into the ''I X L Pump, Lumber & Manufacturing Companj'," incorporated with §22,200 capital, and of which Mr. Lowry was made president and Mr. Arthur secretary and treasurer. In 1885 Mr. Korrady sold his interest to the two other partners who have ever since continued the business. "Keeping ever- lastingly to it brings success " is the motto of this corporation, and if ever a motto was religiously adhered to it has been in this case. The legitimate result is success in the fullest sense of the word. The proprietors planned to do $10,000 worth of busi- ness the tirst year; much to their gratification the amount reached 8-15,000. Not only this, but ever}' year has shown a steady increase over the preceding one until at present they 'give employment to an average of seventy-live men and transact from $145,000 to 8150,000 worth of trade annually. To the untiring devotion of Messrs. Arthur and Lowry to their business is attributed the success of one of the most sub- stantial and widely known firms of Goshen. Mr. Arthur is also president of the Goshen Pump Company, the oldest and largest manufactory of wood pumps in the United States, being established in 1854 and the first company to put wood pumps on the market as an article of merchandise. He is president of the Goshen Colosseum Company, which built and owns the building now occupied by the G. A. R. He is also vice-president of the Whitaker Carriage & Manufacturing Company, which was established in 1861; is secretary and treasurer of The Indiana Novelt_v Company and The Wood Pump Manufacturing Association of the United States. While Mr. Arthur works almost night and day for the success of the I X L, he has not been able to keep free from local, social and public duties. A Democrat in politics and a hard worker in his party's behalf, he has, for ten years, been a member of the County Central Committee of the county ; is the present president of the Thomas A. Hendricks Club; is a member of the K. of P. and R. A. fraternities, in which he has "passed all the chairs " ; took an active part in the organization of the Pottawattomie Club and was elected its first president, and is still a director. He is now president of the Goshen City School Board and a member of the County School Board; is a director in the Goshen Commercial Exchange and the Goshen Lecture Association, and in addition to the above superintends a large farm at Dailey, Mich. The important event in the life of Mr. Arthur, next to that of his birth, occurred November 26, 1874. At that time Miss Amelia Smith, of Edwardsburg, Mich., became his wife. One daughter, Luella M., aged fifteen years, is the fruit of this union. Unquestionably Mr. Arthur is one of Goshen's foremost citizens, and every- body calls him "'Jim." William Hass. It can not be expected, in a work of this kind, where but brief biographical sketches of prominent citizens of the county are given, that we can do justice to this much esteemed and honored citizen, and yet he has been identified with the county so long, and his name is so familiar to all, that it is only just to dwell upon his career, not as empty words of praise, but as the plain state- ment of a still plainer truth. Mr. Hass now makes his home in York township, Elkhart county, Ind., but had his nativity in the east, being born in NorthumVier- laud county, Penn., December 27, 1816. His parents, John and Catherine (Mayer) Hass. were natives of the Keystone State, born in what is now Snyder county. The natural advantages of the Western States attracted the attention of John Hass at an early date, and in the year 1842 he came to Michigan, locating in St. Joseph, where he made a permanent home. His death occurred on May 10, 1846, at Franklin, Penn., whither he had gone on a visit. Mrs. Hass died in St. Joseph, Mich., on March 4, 1846. The original of this notice was reared on his father's farm in the Keystone State, and after the latter moved to Michigan young Hass took charge of the farm in Pennsylvania. He was married in that State on November 17, 1842, to Miss Rachel Bennage, daughter of George Bennage, and in 1846 the fertile MEMOIRS OF IXDIASA. 478 prairies of the West tempted him also to move toward the setting sun. He and wife started with the father of our subject, who died on the way, as before mentioned. Mr. Hass settled on his father's place in Michigan, resided there until the spring of 1865, and then came to the Hoosier State. He located upon his present farm in York township, and here reared their children, three in number, viz.: Samuel B., born August 13, 1843, enlisted in the Union army in 1861, was taken sick and died at Chattanooga on April 5, 1864; John H., born November 15, 1845, enlisted in the army, served until the close, his death occurred on November 7, 1890; George B. , born August 23, 1848, also a brave and faithful soldier during the war and served until the close. He is now a resident of the Wolverine State, Branch county. The mother of these children passed away on September 10, 1848, and Mr. Hass selected his second wife in the person of Miss Rebecca F. Gray, their union being celebrated on September 23, 1849. Mrs. Hass was born May 25, 1830, and was the daughter of Daniel and Isabel ( Murray) Gray, natives of Pennsylvania, the father dying in Michigan, November 7, 1872, and the mother in her native State on August 11, 1842. Mr. Hass' last union resulted in the birth of these children: Sarah E., Harris M. , Daniel S., Aimer C, Katie A., Lucy B. and William H., the last four deceased. Mr. Hass has thirty-nine acres of land, and although his farm is small, he has it so well cultivated that he raises almost as much as some of his neighbors who have much larger farms. He has now reached the advanced age of seventy-live years, and although he has nearly lost his eyesight, being able to see out of but one eye, he enjoys compai atively good health. He is a Republican in his polit- ical affiliations, and he and Mrs. Hass are worthy members of the Christian Church. Charles B. Aldebmas (deceased). Among those whose names are inseparably connected with the prosperity of Goshen, lud. . is he whose name forms the subject for this sketch. A native of the State of Vermont, his birth occurred at Greenville on November 16, 1828, being a son of Bidwell and Vesta (Smith) Alderman. Bid- well Alderman dying just prior to the birth of Charles B., his widow married the father of Gen. Milo S. Hascall, who is so well and favorably known throughout northern Indiana. The early youth of Charles B. Alderman was passed in attending the district schools and working on a farm, but at sixteen years of age he began clerking in a store. By reason of failing eyesight he was compelled to return to agri- cultural |iursuits, but two years later entered a wholesale grocery store. September 10, 1850, Miss Elizabeth McLaren, a lady of Scotch ancestry, became his wife, and in 1853 he started westward for the purpose of bettering his circumstances in the growing prosperity of the newer country. Locating permanently at Goshen, Ind., he became a partner in the mercantile establishment of Hascall, Alderman & Brown, but owing to the confining nature of the business, sold his interest, in 1868, and the year following embarked in the manufacture of woolen goods with James E, Winnegar as a partner. In 1875 he became half owner of the stock of the Goshen Gas Works, of which, for many years, he was president. A Democrat in politics, Mr. Alderman began his political career by being elected a member of the city coun- cil, serving as such two years. He was elected mayor of the city in 1876, and in 1878 and in 1880 was re-elected, serving three full terms, an honor accorded to no other man occupying this position. As an official his career was above reproach. As a councilman he was instrumental in disposing of the water works bonds at highly satisfactorj' rates, and the good he accomplished was probably the cause of his ele- vation and retention to the chair of presiding officer of the city. In July, 1887, he purchased the Hotel Hascall and delegated its management to his son, George F. Mr. Alderman was a member of the order of Free and Accepted Masons, in which he had successively passed from the Blue Lodge to the Chapter, Council and Com- mandery. Mr. Alderman was one of the county's best men. He died November 1, 1887. Mrs. Alderman is the daughter of Finley and Nancy (Albright) McLaren, the former being a native of Scotland and coming to this country when only seven ears old. He married in western New York, settled there on a farm which he tilled 480 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL for more than half a century, and there died. Only one child was born to Mr. and Mrs. Alderman, George F., who is one of Goshen's progressive young business men. He was born June 15, 1852, in Genesee county, N. Y., was reared to manhood in Elkhart county and completed his schooling at a military institution in his native State. He was manager of the old Violet House, at Goshen, for General Hascall for a time, then for three years was cashier of the Sherman House, Chicago. Suc- ceeding this he had charge of the Hotel Hascall, at Goshen, one year, was room clerk of the Boody House, Toledo, Ohio, one year, and for four years was proprie- tor of the Bryan House, at Bryan, Ohio. Since January, 1887, he has been proprietor of Hotel Hascall, at Goshen. Mr. Alderman is a Democrat and a member of the Knights of Pythias. To his marriage with Miss Augusta E. Noble there has been born one child. Daniel E. Long. This part of Indiana has proved a mine of wealth to thousands of industrious and earnest farmers who have come hither from the East and from foreign countries, and by dint of hard work and enterprise have developed the resources which nature so liberally provided. Among these is Daniel E. Long, who is not only one of the well-known and esteemed citizens of the county, but an hon- ored soldier of the war of the Rebellion. He is a native of the Buckeye State, born in Knox county, March 20, 1842, and is a son of John and Nancy (Kepler) Long, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Pennsj Ivauia. They were honest, upright citizens, and were highly esteemed in whatever part of the country they made their home. The father died February 19, 1886, in Yandalia, Mich., and the latter a good many years ago in Knox county, Ohio. When six years of age our subject came to Elkhart county, Ind., whither his father had moved the year previous, 1848, and received a good practical education in the schools of the county, and also became thoroughly conversant with pretty much all kinds of farm labor. Pluck, energy, and an indomitable will, characterized his boyhood and have been a part of his after life. When twenty years of age young Long enlisted in Comjiany I, Eighty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Regiment, and served faithfully and bravely in defense of the stars and stripes until honorably discharged on June 15, 1865. He was in all the engagements iu which his regiment participated, the most prominent being: Perryville, Stone River, Chickamauga, Missionary Ridge, with Sherman from Chattanooga to Atlanta, and in the march to the sea. Mr. Long was wounded at Bentonville, N. C, March 19, 1865, and was disabled from further service. He was ever to the front, and no l)raver or truer soldier ever trod the red sod of a battle- field. After being wounded he was taken to the hospital at Goldsboro, N. C, and later still to David's Island, N. Y., whence he was brought iu the hospital ship, "Northern Light." When able to leave he was sent to Madison, Ind., and there received his discharge. Mr. Long selected his wife in the person of Miss Catherine C. Hass, and their nuptials were celebrated December 15, 1868. She was born at Mottville, Mich., and is the daughter of Charles and Sabie (Housel) Hass, both natives of that grand old State, Pennsylvania, bul both now deceased, the father dying in Feljruary. 1877, and the mother in 1859. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Long has been blessed by the birth of four children, as follows: Becca W. (deceased), Jennie, Everett and Maggie. Mr. Long is the owner of 188 acres of land, all improved except about thirty acres of timber. He has a good comfortable house, a substantial barn, windmill, and other general improvements. He has not escaped holding ofiSce. and has discharged the duties incumbent upon the office of justice of the peace for four years In politics he is an earnest advocate of the platform of the Republican party, and socially he is a member of the G. A. R. After marriage he resided for two years in Iowa, six years in Michigan, and in 1877 he located in this county on rented land for one year. He then bought eighty acres, where he now lives and added to this from time to time until he now owns one of the best farms in his section. He is thoroughgoing and progressive, and has prospered in all his enterprises. MEMOIRS OF ISDIAXA. 481 F. V. B. MiNNicH. It matters little what vocation a man selects as his life occu- pation so long as it is an honorable one. If he is an honest, upright man, courteous in his intercourse with his fellow-men and possessed of the average amount of energy and business sagacity, he is bound to make his business a financial success. Because the subject of this sketch is the possessor of all the above requirements, is the chief reason that he has succeeded; because he is far above the average in point of natural business qualifications, is the reason he to-day stands among the best and most prosperous merchants of Goshen. A brief sketch of Mr. Minnich is here ap- propriately given: A native of Stark coiinty, Ohio, bis birth occurred in the village of Osnaburg, July 9, 1841, and was one in a family of six children, four yet living, born to the marriage of Michael Minnich and Catherine Sleybaugh. The father was a blacksmith by trade, and that, in conjunction with farming, was his occupation through life. He moved with his wife to Indiana in 1865, their children having pre- ceded them, and settling on a farm west of Goshen about four miles, resided there until their respective deaths in 1868 and 1874, having been members of the Lutheran Church. Michael Minnich was a Democrat of the Stephen A. Douglas school, a hard-working, industrious man, a strict believer in the rule of attending to his own business and not meddling with that of others, and one who enjoyed the respect of those who knew him. F. V. B. Minnich was reared in his native State, secured a fair, practical education from the common schools and when seventeen years old began clerking in a hardware store at Canton, where he remained four years. Then coming to Indiana he became manager of the jobbing department of a wholesale hardware store at Fort Wayne, but in January, 1865, came to Goshen and until the fall of that year clerked for Messrs. Lawrence & Noble. In partnership with his brother, John M., he embarked in merchandising at Princeton, but in January, 1872, pur- chased his brother's interest and continued the business alone until the spring of 1880. Returning to Goshen the fall of that year he opened a stock of hardware a few doors north of his present location, but the summer of 1882 built the brick block he now occupies, and has ever since conducted the leading hardware trade of Goshen. Originally the stock consisted of about §6,000 worth of hardware exclu- sively, but now upstairs, main floor and basement are filled with a carefully selected stock of general hardware and furniture amounting to nearly $25,000, and the average annual sales amount to about §75,000. Practically speaking Mr. Min- nich has passed his entire life in the hardware trade, and knowing the wants of hia customers and having vast advantages over many competitors in buying a first class quality of goods on a cash basis, he has made his business a decided success. Since becoming a resident of Goshen he has identified himself with its material welfare and contributes much to the prosperity of the place. He is a Republican, has served as city councilman, where he was active in securing more and better side- walks, and he and his family are identified with the Presbyterian Church. To his marriage with Lucy A. Miller, solemnized May 26, 1866, four children have been born: C. Lizzie, Jessie G., Charmcey F., and Eva L. John A. Smith. Elkhart county, Ind., is an Eden of fine farms and agri- cultural tracts. There are comparatively few very small tracts and each farmer tries to outdo his neighbor in the cultivation and improvement of his land. Of the many fine, attractive places none are more conspicuous than that belong- ing to our subject and located in York township. He has 286 acres of land practically all under a high state of cultivation, and twenty- four acres of tim- ber. He also has thirty acres of fine pasture and his buildings, fences, etc., indicate to the beholder that a thorough and experienced hand is at the helm. Mr. Smith claims Pennsylvania as his native State and was born in York count)' on the 29th of June, 1832, to the marriage of John and Margaret (Pentz) Smith, both natives of Pennsylvania. They were of Dutch and German descent respectively, and remained residents of their native State until the fall of 1855, when they moved to Michigan and settled in St. Joseph county. There they resided until the death 483 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of the mother in 1864, the father following her to the grave in less than a year after- ward. The youthful days of John A. Smith were passed in the Keystone State, and he received such educational advantages as the schools of those days afforded. With the ardor and energy of youth he started out to make his own way in life, and in the fall of 1851 went to Virginia and settled near Winchester, where he resided until the winter of 1852-1853. Returning to Pennsylvania for a short visit, he then decided to move to Michigan, and after reaching that State, settled in St. Joseph county, where he made his home uutil the spring of 1866. He then came to Indiana antl settled on his present farm. Mr. Smith was married in 1854 to Miss Elizabeth Burns, who died in 1855. To this marriage was born, in 1855, a daughter, Mary A., who died at the age of eleven years. He was mari'ied in the fall of 1858, in St. Joseph county, Mich., to Miss Emeline Sbelleuberger, daughter of Tobias and Catherine (Hassinger) Shellenberger, natives of Pennsylvania. Both are now deceased. To Mr. and Mrs. Smith were born the following children: Andrew J., Alice E., Phoebe J., James P. and Sarah A. By appointment Mr. Smith held the ofiice of commissioner on drainage for two years, but resigned to enter upon the duties of county commissioner to which he was elected in 1882 for a term of three years. He has shown his appreciation of secret organizations by becoming a member of the A. F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F. , being a R. A. M. in the former. Politically he is a strong advocate of the principles of the Democratic party and gives it his hearty support. Farming is not his chief calling in life for he is a skillful mechanic and at present is engaged in building bridges, moving liuildings, etc. He moved on the farm to rear his family. His eldest son, Andrew J., resides at Hobart, Ind., where he is principal of the schools. In addition he publishes the Hobart Gazette, an Independent newspaper. James P., another son, resides in Lake, Ind., and is principal of the schools at that place. Alice E. married Jacob Madlen, and resides at Goshen, this county. Phcebe J. married Thomas J. Jaekson who is superin- tendent of schools at Constantine, Mich. Sarah A. resides at home. George W. Rich. The poet, the author and the artist who have attained distinc- tion in their respective callings and won the plaudits of the world, have usually obtained renown by representing soine simple occurrence from the ordinary events of life. The "Angelus," representing two Russian peasants in the attitude of prayer upon hearing the vesper bell, won for the painter both fame and fortune; Powers, the sculptor, is remembered by generations for having faithfully represented in marble the perfect figure of a Greek female slave; Washington Irving' s master- piece was his quaint, legendary story of Rip Van Winkle, which all school children have probably read, and which, reproduced in drama by Joseph Jefferson, obtained for that actor rank and wealth. Such well-known writers as Will Carleton, James Whitcomb Riley, Mary N. Murfree, and hundreds of others are delineators of char- acters selected from the walks of every-day life. Could the true history be told of many individuals who have gone to their graves uncommemorated by brush or pen, a history would be brought to light of such pathos and heroism that would make the deeds of kings and princes dwarf into insignificance in comparison. The life of the poor man, struggling with adversities in order to secure the necessities of life for his family, practicing self-denial in order that loved ones might reap a benefit, never yielding or faltering until the final summons is received, is a history that, if correctly and graphically told, would touch the heart strings of the nation and cause to be erected in the minds of all a monument more enduring than marble. Such, in brief, is the history of John S. Rich, father of the subject of this sketch. A native of the State of New York, he was reared to farm life, married Alzina Willard of the same State, afterward moving to Pennsylvania and in 1844 immigrated westward with his family for the purpose of bettering his surroundings. The family at this time con- sisted of the husband, wife and two children, and their possessions in worldly goods comprised a span of horses, wagor and a ver}' few household goods. Upon arriving at Elkhart, Ind., Mr. Rich spent three cents, all the money he had, to buy feed. MEMOIRS OF ISDIASA. 483 The fall and winter of that year he lived near a brother bet\Yeen Mishawaka and South Bend. During this time he found a piece of land suitable to his means, con- sisting of forty acres and located in Osolo township. Elkhart count}'. A log cabin stood on the place, but the owner in abandoning the property had carried away with him the doors, floors, windows and all portable articles, leaving only the log skeleton. For this property he gave one of his horses, the harness and the wagon. The remaining horse was traded for a yoke of oxen. Not having any means with which to buy seed or provisions, Mr. Rich would work around at first, receiving forty cents a day, while Mrs. Eich would spin and weave. Both were frugal and saving and no work was too hard to do if there was a recompense in the end. The accumu- lation of property was necessarily slow, but sure. Mr. Eich passed his whole life in hard work. Being honest himself, he likewise believed in the honesty of others and because of this sometimes suffered by trickery. This couple was among the better class of Elkhart county's settlers. Mrs. Eich died February 8, 1884, aged sixty-six years, and on April 16, 1892, Mr. Eich died at the age of seventy-eight years. The three chil- dren born to their marriage are all living. George ^Y. Eich was born in Erie county, Penn., August 28, 1842, was reared to hard work at farming in Indiana, and his total schooling consisted of three terms' attendance of three months each. August 10, 1862, he enlisted at Elkhart. lud., in Company G, Seventy-Fourth Eegiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, serving until January 25, 1865, when he was honorably discharged on accoimt of close of war. A history of Mr. Eich' s military career is briefly this: Eendezvoused at Fort Wayne; in camp of instruction at Indianapolis; went to Louisville and became a part of Buell's army that confronted Bragg; fought at Perry ville; was at Crab Orchard and Bowling Green; joined Eosecrauz' com- mand and went to Nashville, but was on detached service in pursuit of Morgan dur- ing the Stone Eiver campaign; returned to Nashville after the battle of Stone Eiver in time to participate in all the movements of his regiment, which culminated in the battle of Chickamaaga. Later he was one of the garrison at Chattanooga that suf- fered from hunger before being relieved; participated in the battle of Missionary Ridge; was in all the movements of the Atlanta campaign, the march to the sea and up through the Caroliuas and ending with the Grand Eeview at Washington. Returning home, Mr. Eich and brother turned all their energies to farming and by years of hard work succeeded in accumulating considerable lands and means. During this time he taught school winters, was elected and served two terms as township trustee, was chosen township assessor, but in 1880 he was elected county treasurer. He was re-elected to this position, serving two complete terms. Since then Mr. Eich has resided in Goshen and is the present secretary of the Ex- Soldiers' Life Insurance Company and treasurer of a building and loan association. He is a member of the K. of P.. is the present commander of the G. A. E. post at Goshen, is a Republican and he and wife are Methodists. For his life helpmate Mr. Rich selected Emma, daughter of Morris Dills, by whom he is the father of one daughter, Elma. Hon. Isaac P. Gray, prominent in State and national politics, was born October 18, 1828. in Chester county, Penn., and is a son of John and Hannah (Worthington) Gray. His ancestors were members of the Society of Friends, or more commonly known as Quakers, his great-grandfather coming with William Penu from England. Receiving but a common-school education in youth, he embarked in mercantile pur- suits at New Madison, Ohio, removed to Union City, Ind., in 1855, where he con- tinued merchandising, but later began the practice of law, having previously quali- fied himself for that profession. During the war of secession, he commanded the Fourth Indiana Cavalry for a time, but ill health necessitated his withdrawal from an active military career, and returning home he helped recruit the One Hundred and Forty-seventh Indiana Infantry. Until the organization of the Republican party, Col. Gray was a Whig. As a Republican he was defeated for Congress in 1866, but two years later was elected to the State Senate, where he served four years. 484 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL In 1870 he was appointed minister to the Island of St. Thomas, West Indies, but declined the honor. In 1871 his political views underwent a change, and since that time he has been an active Democrat. He was nominated by acclamation and elected lieutenant governor in 1876, and upon the death of James D. Williams, became gov- ernor of the State. As the candidate of the Democratic party in 1884, he was nomi- nated for governor of the State by acclamation on the first ballot, and upon election gave it an excellent administration. For the past two presidential terms he has been prominently mentioned as a candidate for either the first or second place on the Democratic presidential ticket, but the uncertain game of politics has decided in each instance in favor of others. Gov. Gray is a man of unquestioned ability and of unbounded ambition. He married Miss Eliza Jaqua in 1850, and (o this union there are two living children. Mr. Gray is now minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary to Mexico, having been appointed to that high ofBce by President Cleveland. Edward P. Eockwell. A lifetime of hard, earnest endeavor in pursuing the occupation to which he now gives his attention, coupled with strict integrity, honesty of purpose and liberality in all directions, has resulted in placing Mr. Rockwell among the truly respected and honored agriculturists of the countj'. His small farm of sixty-nine acres, seven of which are timber, is one of the most productive in the county, and is conducted in a thorough and scientific manner. Mr. Rockwell was born in St. Joseph county, Ind., April 12, 18-14, and is the son of Willard and Ann (Van Winkle) Rockwell, both natives of the Empire State. When a young man Willard Rockwell came westward to Ohio, was married in that State to Miss Van Winkle, and in the latter part of 1843 settled in St. Joseph county, Ind., where be made a permanent settlement. In 1862 he was filled with a patriotic desire to fight for the old flag, and enlisted in Company G, Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was detailed as nurse, and died from overwork in the hospital at Paducah, Ky. , in 1862. His wife died several years afterward in St. Joseph county, Ind. They were the parents of the following children: Eri, eolisted in Company F, Fifteenth Indi- ana Volunteer Infantry, and served three years, dying with typhoid fever during service; he was in many battles, but never received a wound; Marcia;Aurelia; Louisa; Etta; all living but the eldest. Edward P. Rockwell was reared on the homestead in St. Joseph county, Ind. , received his education there, and was there married on March 25, 1873, to Miss Malissa Shearer, daughter of George and Mary (Glass) Shearer, natives of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Shearer, settled in St. Joseph county, Ind., at an early date, and there passed the closing scenes of their lives. Mr. Rockwell has all but about seven acres of his farm under a high state of cultivation, and is one of the most successful small farmers of the community. All his operations are con- ducted in a manner showing great thoroughness and good judgment, and substantial results have been reaped. He and wife are members of the Methodist Church, and he is a member of the Patrons of Industry. In politics he supports the principles of the Republican party. Elliott Crull. When the books are balanced, when all accounts are finally adjusted, figuratively speaking, there will be a larger credit balance opposite the name of the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch than is usually placed to the credit of the average of mankind. While a man of no great wealth, he is the possessor of that which is far more valuable — an honorable name and the confi- dence and friendship of those who know him best. Beginning life's battle at the lowest round of the ladder, he has, by sheer force of character, fought to the front and is justly recognized as one of the foremost citizens of Elkhart county. Just across the line of this county, near Mishawaka, his birth occurred on May 22, 1858. When yet a mere boj' his parents removed to Baugo township, Elkhart county, where he grew to manhood. From his earliest recollection Mr. Crull' s life has been one of hard work and self-denial. His advantages for an education were of so meager a character that he was only enabled to master the common branches. At about MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 485 thirteen years of age he started out in life for himself, and for a number of years worked out by the day and month, and at such occupation as would afford him the most remuneration. About 187S he went to Elkhart, where he first found employ- ment on the coal dock, but later Ijecame local baggage agent of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. Still later he became agent at Elkhart for the United States Express Company, which he resigned in order to become city marshal. By this time he had attracted many friends because of his manliness and honesty, and these friends were among the best class of people. He served four years as city marshal, and in 1890, as the candidate of the Republican party, was nomi- nated for and elected sheriff of the county. No one occupying this office ever gave better satisfaction than did Sheriff Crull in his first term. His services have been duly recognized by his party, and in 1892 he was nominated for a second term and was re-elected to succeed himself. Socially Mr. Crull is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Odd Fellows' and Red Men's fraternities. June 1, 1882, occurred his marriage with Miss Alcetta Fink, by whom he is the father of one son, Norris E. George Folk has been a resident of St. Joseph county,Ind., for the past twenty- eight years, during which time he has identified himself with the interests of his section, has won numerous friends and has built up a reputation for honesty and fair dealing that is in every way merited. His birth occurred in Stark county, Ohio, September 7, 1832, but his parents, Abraham and Barbara (Nunnemaker) Folk, were Pennsylvanians. The father was one of the pioneers of Ohio, became the owner of Woodland farm, which he greatly improved and on which he died in 1866, at the advanced age of eighty-threeyears. Prior to the war he was a Democrat, but afterward identified himself with the Republican part}', and was always noted for his public spirit. He acquired a good property and was liberal in the use of his means toward deserving enterprises, being especially liberal in the support of the Lutheran Church, of which he was a member. His father, George Folk, lived and died in Pennsylvania. Some of the early members of the family were in the War of 1812. The paternal grandfather. Caleb Nunnemaker, was a native of Pennsylvania, but his father came from Germany. The parents of the subject of this sketch were married in Pennsylvania, but the mother died in Ohio in 1868, having reared a family of five children: Mary, Elizabeth, Susan. Louisa and George; Elizabeth, Mary and George being the only survivors, Louisa dying in Ohio when single. Susan married Andrew Sell. He and one child survive her. The paternal and maternal grandparents experienced the hardships of pioneer life in early Ohio, but in time became well-to-do people. George Folk attended the common schools when a youth, but owing to the poor facilities at that time his education was not of the best. He was compelled to make his own way in the world, and when still in his teens set about doing so. In 1852 he was married to Miss Lydia Clark, who was born in Ohio October 17, 1832, a daughter of B. and Mary (Shidler) Clark, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, and died in Ohio in 1891, at the age of eighty-three years. He was a well-to do man, a repub- lican politically, and an earnest member of the Lutheran Church. His widow sur- vives him, is a native of Ohio, and a resident of Louisville. She is now eighty- two years old. Her children are as follows: Lydia, Malinda, Rebecca, George, Lovina, Ozias, Adam, Mary A., Celist, Tillman and Angalina. Mrs. Folk was twenty-one at the time of her marriage and has borne the following children: Lu- cinda, wife of George Brown, of South Bend, has four children: Lovina is un- married and is a resident of California; Fiana married Daniel Stroup, and she and one child survive him; Lydia married Elmer Wylls, is residing in South Bend and has four children; Rebecca is single and is living in California; Matilda married Michael Trump, resides in Union township, this county, and has four children; Mary E. married William Mangus and lives in Kausas; George N resides at home and is married to Laura Barrett; and Clara who is attending school in South Bend, Two children died in infancy, Edwin and Barney. The only son is a wide-awake 486 PICTORIAL AJS'D BIOGRAPHICAL and enterprisiDg young man. In 1864 Mr. Folk purchased a partly improved farm and is now the owner of 220 acres of laud, all of which is in one body and is as fine farming laud as can be found in St. Joseph county. He has held some of the most important offices of the township, and as he has always manifested the greatpst in- terest in the welfare of his section he has many friends. What he has accumu lated iu the way of worldly goods has been the result of his own earnest efforts, and he has a very nicely improved farm. He has been a successful raiser of stock, and in his methods of conducting his farm is jjrogressive and enterprising. He and his wife are members of the Lutheran Church, and politically he has always supported the men and measures of the Republican party, but as for himself he has never been an aspirant for office. Franklin Gr. Romaine, who has so efficiently and ably officiated as treasurer of Elkhart county during the past four years, is a native of the city of New York. Ralph Romaiiie was the name of his great graudfather, as it was also that of his grand- father. The former was a native of Holland, where the name was spelled Komyne, and was the progenitor of the family in America. On coming to this country he resided near Paterson, N. J., many years, and became plantation and slave owner. His son, named Ralph iu his honor, was a man of superior education, obtained a favor- able reputation in literary circles, and for many years plied his vocation of school- teaching in the city of New York. There Theodore Romaine, the father of Frank- lin Gr. , was born, reared, educated, taught school and married Cornelia Kane. Declining health caused his removal West in 1801. but instead of receiving the hoped-for benefit, he grew steadily worse, and died the following year at Bristol, Ind. , where his widow continues to reside. They were the parents of six children, all of whom grew to mature years and are yet living. Franklin G. Romaiue was born August 20, 1848, receiving his youthful training and schooling in his native city. Upon the removal of the family to this country, when he was thirteen years old, he completed his education at Bristol, and when eighteen years old started out in life for himself as clerk in a hardware store. This he continued three years at Bristol and the succeeding three years was engaged in a like occupation at Coustan- tine, Mich. The next three years were passed in clerking at Elkhart, but in 1876 he returned to Bristol, where, for thirteen years, he carried on a safe and reasonably lucrative business in merchandising. Mr. Romaine has always been a believer in the policies advocated by the Republican party, and has ever been ready to advance its cause in any reasonable and legitimate manner. He began his political career as clerk of the corporation of Bristol, serving three successive terms, and has served Washington township four elective terms as trustee. In 1888, as the candidate of his party for the office of treasurer of the county, he was elected by a larger majority than is usually given a candidate. His occupancy of this office was both capable and satisfactory; so much so, in fact, that he was given the customarj' re-nomination in 189l>, which resulted in his re-election. Mr. Romaine is singularly quiet and unobtrusive for a man who has so long been before the public. This does not seem to affect his popularity in the least, however, for but few men in the county command more or warmer friends than does Franklin G. Romaine. Socially he belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, having attained to the encampment of that order, and he and family are of the Episcopal faith in religious belief. To his marriage with Miss Mary A. Salisbury, solemnized May 25, 1871, six children have been born, as follows: Florence M. , Theodore K.. Benjamin F. (died when nine years old). Anna, Mary A. and Bertha. Hon. Albert G. Porter was unquestionably one of the ablest and most popular of Indiana's governors; and aside from this is a fine lawyer, a polished gentleman and a worthy neighbor. His j'outhful years were passed in and adjacent to Law- renceburg, Ind.. where, for a number of years, he attended the ferry across the Ohio River, which was on the direct route of travel between Indiana and Kentucky. Manual labor of the hardest kind thus fell to his lot when a boy, as did also the MEMOIRS OF IXDIASA. 487 full management and charge of the ferry; and thus, in youth, he had thrust upon him by practical illustration the lessons of industry and self-reliance. At the earliest opportunity he took his small savings and entered the preparatory department of Hanover College, remaining until his means were exhausted. He then expected to return to the ferry, as his father was unable to assist him: but an uncle who had heard of his determination to secure an education, provided the necessary means and sent him to Asbury College, at Greeneastle. Graduating in 1843, he studied law until 1846, then moved to Indianapolis, where he embarked upon the practice of his chosen profession and where he has long held a front rank at the Indiana bar. In 1853, h)' the Governor's appointment, he became reporter of the State Supreme Court to till a vacanc}', and the succeeding year was elected to this position. Up to this time he was a Democrat, although much opposed to the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. The action of the slave States in forcing their doctrines in the new States and Territories, together with their evident purpose of carrying the election in those localities bj' force and fraud, and the endorsement given to this by the Democratic party forced Mi'. Porter out of their ranks and into those of the Eepublicans. In 1856 he voted with this new party, and two years later, although not a candidate, was nominated and elected to Congress, and re-elected two years later. Voluntarily quitting Congress for the more remunerative (to him) practice of law, he confined his attention to legal pursuits, until upon the solicitation of Secre- tary of the Treasury (now United States senator) Sherman he became comptroller of treasury. In 1880 he was nominated by his party for governor, and upon being elected served as such four years. After that time he confined his attention, largely, to legal and literary pursuits until, under President Harrison's administration, he became minister to Italy. He resigned that office after the election of President Cleveland. Jesse E. High. The gentleman of whom we write owns a fine farm in Cleve- land township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and his estate shows every indication of order and thrift. He is an Ohioan by birth and education, born in Miama county. Septem- ber 15, 1820, and his parents, Jacob and Sarah (Nicholas) High, were natives respectively of Virginia and Pennsylvania. The elder High settled in Miami county, Ohio, about the year 1814. after his return from the War of 1812, in which he served as a private, and he was one of the pioneers of that region, making his home there until 1840 when he and his family came to Elkhart county, Ind. He purchased a farm on first coming here, but for two years lived on a rented farm in Cleveland township. The land he had purchased consisted of 200 acres all covered with tim- ber, and it took man\- years of hard labor and great industry to clear and develop it. To his marriage were born the following children: James, Jesse E., Andrew, Eli, Samuel, Catherine, Sarah and Julia, all now living with the exception of James and Sarah. On this farm Jesse High erected a frame house, 18x26 feet, in 1840, and resides on this at the present time. Mr. and Mrs. J. High passed the remain- der of their days on this tract, the mother dying August 10, 1862, and the father February 28, 1872. They were honest, upright citizens. Jesse E. High, the second in order of birth of the above-mentioned children, was about nineteen years of age when he came with his parents to Cleveland township. He had received a rather limited education in his native county, attending district school about three months each year, and when old enough he learned the carpenter's trade, his first work in that line being to construct the barns of many of the early settlers of Elkhart county. He was maiTied on March 28, 1844, in St. Joseph. Ind., to Miss Esther Jenkins, a native of Miami county, Ohio, born May 28, 1825, and the daughter of Isaachar and Esther (Pearson) Jenkins, the former a native of Alabama and the latter of South Carolina. Her parents settled in Miami county, Ohio, in 1806, and there they resided until 1833, when they removed to St. Joseph county. Ind., and there remained for about thirteen years. They afterward disposed of their property and removed to Iowa, but only remained a few years. While on a visit to Miami county. 488 PICTORIAL AND BIOOBAPIIICAL Ohio, Mr. Jenkins died in 1851, but his wife lived to be quite aged, dying February 5, 1872, at the home of her daughter, Mrs. High. At the time of the marriage of our subject and wife they settled on the High homestead in Cleveland township, about two miles northwest of Elkhart, and there they reside at the present time. As the years passed along one child was born to them, Americus V., born June 27, 1846, who married Miss Mary Oakes, He now resides oq the old homestead and super- intends everything connected with it. Our subject has seventy-eight acres of land, most of which is improved, and has about four acres of timber. He has a two-story brick residence, erected in 1876. and his out-buildings are all substantial and orna- mental. In politics he is a Republican. He has one grandchild, Otis O. , whose birth occurred on September 25, 1879. John Davenport. The gentleman whose name heads this sketch is one of the most conspicuous of the old-time merchants of Elkhart, and is one of the few remaining pioneers of the county. So intimately interwoven is his history with that of Elkhart, that, like the history of the Beardsley's, one can hardly be given without giving both. While the history of the old pioneers is commonplace enough, yet it is always interesting to the student of nature, because it tells of the struggles with adversities, the hardships of pioneer life in the great West, and the pathos naturally attending the success or failure to keep the wolf from the door. John Davenport is a native of that old historic town of Chillicothe, Ohio, his birth occur- ring December 6, 1811. His father was Abraham Davenport, and his mother was Penelope Davenport, nee GriUith, both branches of the family being among the pioneers of Ross county, Ohio. The characteristic log cabin school-house, furnished with slab seats, puncheon floors and greased paper for window lights, together with the old-time school master and long birch gad, served John Davenport such youth- ful education as he received; and his earlier years were passed in clearing, grubbing, making rails, planting, hoeing and reaping with the old-fashioned sickle when not otherwise employed. His parents having moved from Ross to Miami county, he went to Piqua, when seventeen years old, to learn the potter's trade, but two years later was compelled to abandon it because of declining health caused by the chem- icals then used. In April, 1832, he married Clarinda Broderick, and four years later, with his wife and two children, braved the perils of frontier life and emigrated to Indiana. Locating at Elkhart, then a village of about three hundred population, he embarked in merchandising within a mouth after his arrival, selling a mixed stock of goods suitable to the times and conditions. Here Mrs. Davenport died in March, 1840, leaving four children, as follows: Anthony S. (a physician by occupa- tion, an active participant in all the movements and engagements of the Forty- fourth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war, up to and includ- ing the battle of Shiloh, where he was exposed to the inclemency of the weather and from the effects of which he died the following August); Clementine (now residing in Elkhart, the widow of J. M. Hackathorn); Laura E. (died in September, 1861, the wife of John McNorton); and John B., the present recorder of Elkhart county. In 1841 Mr. Davenport re married, his second wife being Clementine Broderick, a sister of his first wife. This lady died in September, 1891, without issue. From 1836, for a period of nearly forty years, Mr. Davenport was continuously engaged in mercantile pursuits in Elkhart, and during this time both made and lost consid- erable monev. For thirty years he has speculated in wool and other products, and is considered the best judge of wool in the entire country. In politics he was for- merly a Whig, but since 1856 has always affiliated with the Republicans. He was a charter member of Pulaski Lodge Independent Order of Odd Fellows, where he has ever since retained an active membership. In his declining years Mr. Daven- port's chief pleasure is in his family circle, and reviewing a life of over fourscore years, in which no one can point to a single discreditable action. John B. D.'Ivenpokt, the popular incumbent of the recorder's office of Elkhart county, is the youngest in a family of four children, the father being the old pio- \!) . yL4,yJi,'^^,40(^^ ' MEilOms OF INDIANA. 491 neer, John Davenport, a biograpby of whom precedes this. He was born August 27, 1839, in the city of Elkhart, Ind., which yet serves him as a place of residence, and which, with but a few years' exception, has always been his home. His educa- tion was mostly obtained from the schools of his native city, but he spent nearly one year in the State University at Ann Arbor, Mich. AVhen the war between the loyal and disloyal States of the Union broke out he was attending that institution, and as his elder brother had enlisted in his country's cause, John B. was prevailed upon to return home and assist his father in the discharge of a heavy mercantile business which he was then conducting. Having thus embarked in merchandising when a young man, Mr. Davenport has made that his life's occupation, and steadily fol- lowed mercantile pursuits in this city until 1891. In 1890 he was selected as the nominee of the Republican party for the office of county recorder, and at the en- suing election had a majoritj' of about four hundred votes and nearly three hundred votes in Elkhart county more than the State ticket. No one who knows John B. Davenport ever considers him anything but a gentleman in every respect. His innate dignity and affability make him deservedly popular with the public; and the painstaking care with which he discharges the duties of his office, ranks him second in value to no recorder ever elected to the office in Elkhart county. In January, 1868, Miss Charity A., daughter of Dr. David H. and Amanda (Torryj Runjon, became his wife, and to their union two children have been born — Richard B. and Mary L. Mr. Davenport was in mercantile pursuits and shipping grain while in La Grange, from 1875 to 18S0. Jacob Wahl (deceased). The sketch which is given below is that of a gentle- man who, though passed to his final reward, still lives in the gracious influence that emanated from him while on earth. We find no one more worthy of mention or whose long life of usefulness is more worthy to be chronicled than this gentleman, whose honesty and integrity were proverbial in the community. All his character- istics of industry and perseverance were inherited from his German ancestors and all his accumulations were the result of manj' years of hard labor. He was a native of Germany, born in Wurtemberg, February 7, 1809, and was a son of George and Catherine (Kaiffer) Wahl. When twenty-two years of age, Jacob Wahl came to America (a sister having come two years previous), and settled in Mahoning county, Ohio, where he worked at carpentering, having learned that trade in his native country. On August 23, 1838, he was married in Mahoning county to Miss Annie King, who was born in Armstrong county, Penn., August 23. 1816. and who was the daughter of George and Sarah (Silfoot) King, lx>th natives of the Keystone State, where they were reared and married. There the parents passed their entire lives, the father dying when Annie was about six years of age, and the mother when she was about twelve. Seven children were born to Mr. and Mrs. King, as fol- lows: Jonathan, born January 5, 1804; Stena, Elizabeth, Henry, Polly, Annie and Phoebe, who was born November 18, 1818. All are now deceased except Jonathan, Henrj- and Annie. In 1850 Mr. and Mrs. Wahl removed to Elkhart county, Ind., purchased eighty acres of land in Cleveland to-svnship. and there Mrs. Wahl still resides. After settling in that township, Mr. Wahl cleared a great deal of land and afterward added to the same until he owned a farm of 160 acres. To his marriage were born the following children: Catherine. Sophia, Jonathan, Jacob, David, Will- iam F., Malinda A. (deceased), and Royal H. (deceased). Mr. Wahl was a member of the Evangelical Church for many years and was a liberal contributor to the same. He was active in all good work, was public spirited, and was universally respected. He was a man whose sterling worth of character was recognized by all and his death, which occurred on April 8, 1889, was deeply deplored by a large circle of friends and acquaintances, as well as his own immediate and sorrowing household. He was a good and kind father, a loving husband, and his memory will remain green long after his body has moldered to dust. He was a hard-working and industrious man during his entire life, was a careful manager and a man of excellent judgment 493 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL in business affairs. His aged wife, who now resides on the home place, is also a member of the Evangelical Church, and although time has laid his whitening hand upon her brow, she is still comparatively active and independent. Harry S. Chester, clerk of the courts of Elkhart county, is a native of the State of Massachusetts, his birth occurring at Westtield on January 23, 1862. He is one of a family of seven children, live of whom are yet living, born to the marriage of John B. Chester and Elizabeth E. Ellis, who were natives of Liverpool and London, England, respectively. The parents were married in their native country and immi- grated to the United States in 1S51, locating in the New England State of Connec- ticut, where the father followed his trade of cigar manufacturer. Later the family removed to Massachusetts, and from there, in January, ISSO, to Elkhart county. lud., locating in the city of Elkhart, where the father yet resides, employed at his trade. Mrs. Chester died in September, 1SU2. Although practically a new-comer in Indiana, Henry S. Chester, by his superior business qua'itications and his identidcation with the material welfare and progress of Elkhart county, is justly recognized as one of its foremost citizens. It does not necessarily follow that because the boy received but little scholastic advantages, the man must necessarily be uneducated. Although Mr. Chester never attended school after thirteen years of age, he nevertheless pos- sesses a polished education, acquired by exhaustive study and reading when his school davs were a thing of the past. When nineteen years old he followed his parents to the Hoosier State and has since made his home in Elkhart. Having learned cigar-making of his father, he followed that occupation until 18S4, when he became a studeut of Blackstone in the law office of Capt. Henry C. Dodge, with whom he remained nearly three years. In ISSti he began his political career as the Democratic candidate for the office of city clerk of Elkhart, and to this he was elected by a majority of eighteen ballots. Two years later he was re-elected to this posi- tion, increasing his previous majority to 736 votes. This remarkable proof of approval, on the part of the public, gained for him, in 1S90, the nomination for the county clerkship. It must be a source of no little satisfaction for a man to know that the approval of his official acts and his personal popularity caused a change of over one thousand votes in a county like Elkhart. This is true in Mr. Chester's case and is demonstrated by the fact that as a Democrat he was elected county clerk hv a majority of 786 votes, when the usual Republican majority in the county is at least 300. Mr. Chester's popularity is. in a measure, no doubt, the logical result of his official qualifications and the invariable rule he puts into execution of obliging those who seek his assistance, and the gentlemanly courtesy extended to all, regard- less of politics or religion. As a further mark of favor, on the part of his party, he was elected one of the two delegates from the Thirteenth Congressional District of Indiana to the National Democratic Convention, at Chicago, in 1892, that resulted in the nomination of Cleveland and Stevenson. Mr. Chester is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is the present supreme reporter of the Knights of Maccabees, is grand foreman of the Ancient Order of United "Workmen, and has served as an official in the Grand Lodge of the Knights of Pythias. William F. Wahl. Among the worthy residents of Elkhart county, Ind., it is but just to say that Mr. Wahl occupies a conspicuous and honorable place, for he has always been honest, industrious and enterprising, and as a result has met with more than ordinary success. He is a man well known in agricultural circles, and is recognized as a careful, energetic farmer, who by his advanced ideas and pro- gressive habits has done much to improve the farming interests of bis section. No man takes a greater interest in the agricultural and stock affairs of Elkhart county than Mr. Wahl, and no one strives more actively to promote and advance these inter- ests to a higher plane. He has a native pride in this county, for he was born here, in Cleveland township, and it is but natural that he should strive to see all its mat- ters placed on a footing equal, if not superior, to the affairs of other counties in the State. He was born on the 28th of October, 1852, and is a son of Jacob and Ann ilEilOIRS OF IXDIAJfA. 493 (King) Wahl, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Pennsylvania. The original of this notice was reared in Cleveland township and there received a good practical education. Inheriting the thrift and industry of his German ancestors he began when quite young to make his own way in life, and learned the cabinet- maker's trade in Elkhart. This was in 1874, and later he went to Grand Hapids, Mich., where he worked for alx)Ut nine years. Returning to Cleveland township, he was married there on the 29th of September, 1885, to Miss Tiola Landon, who was torn May 12, 1850, and who was a daughter of Columbus C. Landon. To Mr. and Mrs. Wahl have been bom two children: Clement L., bom August 5, 1S86, and Wilmot, born April 1, 1888. Mr. Wahl was elected justice of the peace in 1890, but as all his time was devoted to his farming interests, he did not qualify. He is a member of the Knights of Labor and Patrons of Industry. He is the owner of 119 acres of good land, most of which is under cultivation, and everything about the place indicates the owner to be a man of good judgment and sound, practical sense. In politics he is a Democrat. George Milbubx. the present efiScient auditor of Elkhart county, is a fair rep- resentative of the better class of men, who began life's Ijattle at the lower rounds of the ladder, and through his own efforts has gained the topmost round. Practically speaking, he to-day is in comfortable financial circumstances, and the position he now occupies is direct evidence that he is the possessor of the confidence and esteem of his fellow man. When the correct view of life is taken, what more could be ex- pected of mortal man ? The acquirement of sufiicient wealth to keep one's family in comfort, and the fulfilment, to the best of one's ability, of the Divine command: " Do unto others as you would be done by," has been one of Mr. Milburn's principal efforts throughout his career. The fact that he occupies one of the most responsible and lucrative offices within the gift of the people of Elkhart county, is undisputable evidence that he has the confidence of the public. George Milbum is a native of Canada, his birth occurring in the Province of Ontario, May 13, 1839, and is a son of John and Martha (Rose) Milbum. The father was lx)ru in England, but moved to Canada when a boy and there married, his wife beiucr a native of Canada, and a de- scendant of the early Dutch colonists of the New England States. He followed merchandising through life, and died leaving a widow and four children surviving him. Two children bom to his maiTiage died in infancy; one son died in Cass county, Mich., at the age of twenty-two years; two sons (Thomas and John D. ( are prom- inently connected with the manufacturing interests of Memphis. Tenn., and the only surviving member of his family in Indiana is the subject of this sketch. The mother died in Memphis in 1878, of Yellow fever. George Milburn received a good common education in youth, which was more of the practical than theoretical order. When about sixteen years old, he came to the States and began clerking for his uncle, after whom he was named, at Mishawaka, Ind., and remained with him until 1865. Dur- ing this time he acquired an interest in the celebrated Milbum Wagon Works at that place, but after the big fire which destroyed a large part of the property, after the close of the war, Mr. Milburn disposed of his interests and moved to Bristol. Purchasing a small tract of land, he engaged in fruit growing, and from time to time as his increasing means permitted, added to his posessions until he now owns 170 acres of valuable land, all but seventy acres being exclusively devoted to fruit cult- ure. Although a Democrat in politics, Mr. Milbum is in no sense what is termed a politician. He l^elieves in the policy of his party, but never aggressively urges his views on others; he invariably makes use of the inalienable right of the American citizen, but illustrates by action the method of attending strictly to his own business, and not meddling with matters of no concern to him. These qualities made him unn.sually popular, and when he became the candidate of his party for county auditor in l890, he not only overcame the reliable Republican majority of 400 votes against the Democrats, but secured a popular majority of 4li5 votes over his opponent. Ability and courtesy have characterized his administration, 494 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL and he tmquestionablv has given satisfaction to all, regardless of politics. In 186-1 Mr. ililburn married Miss Mary E. Hanford, who died without issue two vears later. In 1S6S he wedded Miss Elizabeth P. Congdon. who has borne him six children, five of whom survive (Laura dying in January 1S92): Henry H., Mary E., Laura. Helen. Florence and Eollin G. Mrs. Milburn is a member of the Episcopal Church. Isaac Shets. The entire life of Mr. Shinn has been passed in ceaseless activity, and has not been without substantial evidences of success, as will be seen from a glance at his rather small, but very productive farm. His career is an example of industry, perseverance and good management, rewarded by substantial results, well worthy the imitation of all who start out in life as he did with no capital except a good constitution and liberal supply of pluck and energy. Mr. Shinn was born in Lincoln county. Ohio. June 26, 1S35. and is a son of Stacy and Esther (Fowle) Shinn. both natives of New Jersey. The parents emigrated from their native couuty to Ohio in 1S35. settled on a farm, and there Stacy Shinn died shortly afterward. His wife survived him until about four years ago. and was about seventy years of age at the lime of her death. These children were born to their union: William, Amos. Nathan. Stacy. Elizabeth, Rachel and Isaac; Nathan, Rachel and Isaac being the only ones now living. The youthful days of our subject were spent on the farm in Ohio, and as his father died before he was born, at a very young age he was obliged to start out to battle in life for himself. He had very limited advantages for receiving an education, but as he was indastriotis and reared to hard labor, he obtained a competency and has many of the comforts and conveniences of life. He was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Swartz, who died October 27, ISSl. leav- ing five children, -who are named as follows: Amos, Sarah C, Celia H., George W. and Nettie S. Mr. Shirin's second marriage occurred January 29, 1SS5, at Elk- hart to Miss Mary M Keefer. who was born in Ohio. September, 1S3-1, and who is a daughter of Peter and Catherine ( Rihert) Keefer, both natives of the green isle of Erin, and both of whom died in Elkhart county. Mr. Shinn has eighty acres of land, about eight acres of which is timber, and is one of the most industrious and thoroughgoing agrieultttrists of this section. He and wife are worthy and exemplary members of the Lutheran Church, and he is a stanch supporter of Dem- ocratic principles. William A. Beaxe, editor and proprietor of the Goshen Democrat, was born in Preble county, Ohio. October 5, 1S2S. He came with his parents to Elkhart county in July. 1S36. where he attended the common schools of that time up to 1S41. the teachers being Capt. Henry Beane. E. D. .Smith, John Dantrow, Sylvester Webster, and last the Hon. Nelson Prentiss, of Albion, Noble county, who is now living at the age of eighty years. In the fall of 1S43 he came to Goshen, and that winter attended the school of A, C. Carpenter. In March. 18-14, he commenced the print- ing business with the late Dr. E. W. H. Ellis, in the old Democrat office, which then stood upon the same ground now occupied by his son, W. R. Ellis, immedi- ately north of the Court House. After working two years at the trade he took a position in the store of the late John Winder, where he remained until March. 1S50, a period of four years. After working at the printing business again, in different places, as a "jour" printer, for a couple of years, he settled down again in the Democrat office, where he has been almost tmintermptedly ever since. He first became the sole proprietor of the office in August. 1S60, and has been connected with it so closely since that any short vacation is hardly worth mentioning. His life is bound up in his favorite business as much as his files are inside of the covers of his books. Mr. Beane married in July, 1S54. and has raised six children, three sons and three daughters, as follows: Mrs. W. E. Geddes. of Cbicago: Charles E. Beane, of Salt Lake City, I'tah; Frank W. Beane, of Blackfoot, Idaho: Joseph A. Beane and Mrs. H. E. Whitmer, of Goshen, and Mrs. D. E. Studabaker, of Decator, Ind., thus leaving him where he commenced thirty-eight years ago. Mr. HEMOIRH Of I y BIAS A. 4t6 Beane bad three sisters and two brothers, all of whom are dead except bis brother. C. C. Beane, of Leesborg, Ind., who was elected repreeentatiTe for Kosciusko countv in November, lSt>2. on the Bepnblican ticket Mr. Beane's father, William Beane, died in Benton, in March, 1S40. at the early age of thirty-eight years. Hig mother afterward married the late 3t£ark B. Thompson, by whom she had five children. Mrs. Thompson died in May, 1S72, and her hosband followed her in about six weeks afterward. The subject of this sketch has always had a strong attachment for G(»hen, where he has spent the beet years of his life, and the probabOity is that here is where his body will rest after "life's fitfol fever is over." He has attained considerable fame as an editor and a forcible, trenchant writer. Under his management the Goshen Democrat is a proDoanc«d financial success, and is justly recognized as one of the best and most readable papers pnb- lished in Indiana. Ho5. Dasiei. W. Vo-dehees. whom In liana Democrats so del^ht to honor, is a native of Ohio, his birth occnrring in Bntler county, September 26. 1S2T. and is a son of Stephen Voorhe^, a native of Kentucky, and a grandson of Peter Voorhies, of New Jersey nativity. When only two months old his parraits moved to Foantain county. Ind. , and this State has ever since been his home. Asbnry ITniversity grad- uated him in 1S49. and here he obtained a wide reputation as an orator of superin- abUity. and the high regard of the faculty. He studied law and in 1S52 was solie- ited by Hon. E. A. Hannegan, formerly United States senator, to become his part- ner, which he accepted. In 1S53 he was appointed State's attorney of his circuit by the governor, and thus obtained the foundation of his justly earned repntation as a superior criminal lawyer. In 1S56 he was the Democratic nominee for Congress, and although defeated, reduced the opposing majority nearly eighteen hundred votes. In 1857 he moved to Terre Haute, and the year following was appointed United States district attorney by President Bnchanan. In 1S6*J and in 18^2 he was elected to Congress, and in lS6-i, although declared elected, his election was successfully contested. In IS^S he was again elected to CaagiesB, and re-elected in ISTO. In November. ISTT. he was appointed United States senator to succeed Governor Morton, and has ever since occupied this positicm by election. Unques- tionably Mr. Voorhees is one of the most brilliant men that has ever held otBeo within the .State's jurisdiction. Not only has he an established reputaticm as a great statesman, but his fame as a criminal lawyer is equally as brilliant. He has always been an uoswerving. uncompromising Democrat. His great ability as a stateanan and lawyer is respected and acknowledged by alL regardless of polities. Mr. Voorhees married Miss -Jane Hardeety in 1S5(>, and four children hare blessed their miioD. " The Tall Sycamore of the Wabash," as he is known, occupies a prominent page in the TO-ume devoted to America's greatest sons. JoHS MosBOE (deceased). To keep green the memory of the departed whose lives were worthy and filled up with good deeds, is an object deserving much effort. Not only do the children of those who have passed on to the other world desire to perpetuate their memory, but their neighbors and friends may well feel that they are benefited by rehearsing the incidents of the life that has closed. He, of whom we write, was bom in the Empire State, and in New York City, -January 16. ISIT. His parents. Abraham and Sarah (Butters i Monroe, were natives of that State also, and there our subject grew to mature years, receiving no educational advantages. Glowing accounts of the fertility of the soil of the Bnckeye State reached his ears. and in 1 S3T he emigrated to Columbiana county. Ohio, where he was married in 1S42 to Mary Topper. The following children were the fruits of this union: WUliam T.. Elizabeth, Margaret, James and Lucinda. In October, 1S50. they removed to 5t. -Joseph county, Ind.. settled on a farm in Madisoa township, but subsequently moved from there to Penn township, where Mr. Monroe passed away, .July 9, 1SS2. Mrs. Monroe stUl survives him and makes her IxHne with her son, William. She has lost the use of her limbs and has been eonfinad 496 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL to her bed for more than six years. She is now quite aged, being over seventy-six years old. Her son, William T. Monroe, was born in CDlumbiana county, Ohio, March 21, 1847, and when three years of age he was taken by his parents to St. Joseph county, where he was reared. He had limited educational advantages, but being naturally of a atudious turn of miud, most of his education was received by diligent study at homo. On the 7th of July, 1872, in Elkhart county, he was married to Miss Alma Noffsinger, who was born October 12, 1855, and who was a daughter of Jacobaud Margaret (Overlees) Noffsinger, the former a native of Elkhart county, born May 2f3, 1831, and the latter of Ohio, born June 25, 1836. Jacob Noffsinger died June 7, 1882, but his widow is still living and makes her home in Elkhart. To Mr. and Mrs. Monroe have been born two iuteresting children; Jennie L., born November 28, 1874, and Pearl A., born December 17, 1876. Mr. Monroe has sixty-one and a half acres of land, about three acres of which is timber land, but the balance is under cultivation. He has a good residence and his out-buildings are all in good condition. Previous to his settlement in this county Mr. Monroe resided north of Osceola, in St. Joseph couuty, where he owned forty acres of land. In 1881 he came to Elkhart couuty, where he has made a permanent settlement. In politics he is a Democrat and his two children are members of the Methodist Epis- copal Church. James L. Kerstettee, secretary and manager of the Goshen Woolen Mills Com- pany, and one of Elkhart county's best known citizens, is a native of Stark county, Ohio, his birth occurring February 6, 1837. He is one of a family of eight children, three (James L., Edmund R. and Chauncey W.) yet living, born to the marriage of Peter Kerstetter and Mary Rogers. The father was a Pennsylvanian by birth and descended from German ancestry. When but a boy he was bound out to a saddler, but because of harsh treatment ran away, and when next heard from was at Minerva, Ohio, engaged in the harness aud saddlery business. He there married, but in the year 1839 moved to York township, Elkiiart Co., Ind., and became the pioneer in the manufacture of fauniug-mills. In 1844 he moved to Goshen, where he after- ward engaged in stock dealing. Being of a social disposition, he made many ac- quaintances, and invariably an acquaintance became a friend. He was honest and open in his dealings, and in politics was a Whig, Free Soiler and Republican. He died in 1875, followed by his widow nine years later. When two years old James L. Kerstetter was brought to Elkhart county, and when fifteen he began doing for himself. His education was obtained from the common schools, college at Kalama- zoo, Mich., and Wabash College at Crawfordsville, this State. His father and brother Edmund having enlisted for the war he returned to Goshen, after having taught school and clerked for a time after coming out of college, in order to assist his mother. For four years he was engaged with A. L. Hubbell in the grocery trade, and later continued a like business alone. Upon the close of the war he accepted his brother, Edmund R., as a partner, and dry goods were added to their stock of groceries. When his brother was elected sheriff of the county, the brothers still continued as partners in the general income. Owing to there being ample work for both in the sheriff's office, their stock of goods was sold, and, still continuing as partners, the brothers conducted the affairs of the office to which Edmund R. had been elected, two terms. Afterward, James L. engaged in saw-milling until he was burned out in 1874, when he went to La Porte and was employed by his wife's uncle, Frederick C. King, in a woolen-mill. He remained there five years, then returned to Goshen, where he has since resided, and is identified with what is now the Goshen Woolen Mills Company. This institution gives employment to about forty-five hands and annually transacts business amounting to nearly $60,000. When a young man Mr. Kerstetter clerked in a store at La Grange, Ind. He there met, and Octolier 13, 1861, wedded Miss Susan E., daughter of Benjamin King, and by her is the father of four children: Jessie, Florence, Frederick and Fanny. Mr. Kerstetter cast his first vote for Lincoln in 1860, and he has ever since affiliated with the Republican party. He is one of Goshen's most enterprising and public-spirited men. MEMOIRS OF IXBIASA. 497 Willis Laytos. Prominent among the representative citizens of Elkbart county stands the name of Willis Layton, a native of the Buckeye State, which has contrib- uted so much of population and of intelligence to Indiana. He was born in Miami county, June 15, 1843, and is a son of Benjamin F. and Mary (Wilmore) Layton, native Virginians, the father born on December 19, 1801, and the mother in Kock- bridge county, January 19, 1808. Both parents grew to mature years in their native State and were married ou September 16, 18'.^3. Five years after this union they removed to Miami county, Ohio, and located on a farm near Piqua, where they made their home until December, 18-18, at which time they removed to Elkhart county, Ind. They settled on a farm in Cleveland township, where the son Willis now resides, and as there were oiil}' about five acres cleared at that time, Mr. Layton went actively to work to develop and make imj)rovemeuts. He was unusually successful and passed the remainder of his days in cultivating the soil, his death occurring on October 7, 1854. His wife survived him until November 17, 1872. An old-fashioned family of eleven children was born to this worthy couple, four of whom are living: Susannah, born September 2, 1S34; Katie A., born July 19, 1837; Joseph J., born May 18, 1841, and Willis. Those deceased are: Martha J., born August 16, 1828, and died January 30, 1892; William W., borii August 16, 1832, and died May 20, 1866; Benjamin F., born June 2, 1837, and died in the army in 1862 from the efPects of a wounil received in the battle of Fort Douelson; Mary E. , born June 23, 1846, and died October 3, 1854; Naucy E., born March 27, 1849, and died September 18, 1854; Sarah A., born June 14, 1853, and died September 25. 1854, and one died in infancy, in Ohio. When five years of age, Willis Layton was brought by his parents to Elkhart county, Ind., where he was reared on a farm, and where he received his education in the common schools. On September 10, 1S61, he donned his suit of blue and enlisted in Company I, Forty-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry; turned recruiting officer and got several recruits for said company and was with his regiment in all its battles, skirmishes and marches the entire four years and four days, except time of absence caused bj' being a prisoner and a three dajs' mounted infantry ride after the enemy while he was on detached service. He was in the siege of Chatta- nooga, where there was less than one-fourth rations issued for more than three months, and he paid 50 cents an ear for corn to grind in a coffee-mill to make mush without salt to season it with; it was relished better than well-prepared meals are now, and there was very little corn or provision to be had at any price. If a person succeeded in buying an ear of corn the thought would come up before him that it was stolen from a starving mule. But from General Thomas down, they had resolved not to go any farther north until the enemy was whipped or they were starved or killed. The men made little complaint about their condition. For two or three weeks after the Chickamauga battle, going on picket duty was about like going on the skirmish line, as there was more or less firing on the line all the time. Willis was in a train wreck between Chattanooga and Knosville, Tenn., where one man was killed and himself and several others were more or less seriously injured. He took a prominent part in the battle of Chickamauga, in which he received a gunshot wound in his left knee. He still feels the effects of this wound, and lieing obliged to be vaccinated, in April, 1864, he suffers from the impurities that passed through his system and is unfit for work. He receives a pension of §14 per month, which is a very small price indeed for the loss of his health. Mi'. Layton was taken prisoner while on picket duty near Henderi^on, Ky., and was taken to Little Eock, Ark., where he was confined tbree months. About the first of the year 1862 he succeeded in escaping, but before he got to the Union lines was taken seriously ill, from exposure, was re- captured and taken back to the rebel hospital. There he remained four months and was very ill indeed. When he improved again he was confined in the prison, but shortly afterward effected his escape and made his way to Fort Scott, Kan., the nearest point where the Union army was stationed. Before reaching his destination he was fired upon by Coffey's cavalry, and they, believing him to be a spy, gave him 498 PICTORIAL AMD BIOGRAPHICAL a hasty trial; but there not being sufficient evidence he was paroled, afterward mak- ing his way to Fort Scott. At that point he was furnished transportation to the North by General Lane, commander of the post at that place. During Sherman's famous march to the sea he was detailed to drive a post ambulance from Chattanooga to supply the General's shortage in that line. He followed after the Sixty-sixth Regiment, Illinois Volunteei's, which were armed with the Henry repeating rifles and they fought like tigers, being deployed as skirmishers most of the time. They ran the enemy as a deer would run from a destroyer, keeping up almost a continual fire at them. But every once in a while it was his sad duty to pick up one of the boys who had fallen in battle, far from home and kind hands that would gladly have cared for them. He went with them well down into the heart of Georgia before he was relieved. He then returned to his regiment at Chattanooga, Tenn., and was at the battle of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, but was in reserve. He fought bravely for the old flag and no braver soldier trod the sod of a battlefield. Mr. Layton was married on October 6, 1870, to Miss Sarah L., daughter of John and Jane (Bryson) Nixon, the former a native of Ireland, born September 24, 1805. Mr. Nixon was reared on the Green Isle and when seventeen years of age braved Neptune's tender mercies and came to America, locating in Pennsylvania, where he remained one year. From there he went to Ohio, located in Huron county, and was there married on September '20, 1827, to Miss Jane Bryson, a native of Center county, Penn., born January 17, 1806. To them were born the following children: Jane A., born November 20, 1828, and died January 15, 1875; Elizabeth, born July 20, 1830, and died March 4, 1873; James, born January 14, 1833, and was killed at the battle of Richmond, Ky., August 30, 1862; Robert, born August 26, 1835, and died April 12, 1854; Samuel B. , born August 29, 1837, and died September 28, 1838; Isabella, born April 18. 1840; William, liorn April 11, 1843, and killed at the battle of luka, Miss., September 19, 1862; Sarah L., born September 30, 1845, and David, born October 12, 1850. After residing in Ohio twelve years, Mr. and Mrs. Nixon moved to Cass county, Mich., and there resided until February, 1838, when they moved to Kosciusko, where tiiey made a permanent settlement, residing on one farm for over forty years. Mr. Nixon died on February 25, 1875, and his wife sur- vived him until February 11, 1890. To our subject and wife were born three children: Etta L., born August 23, 1871; Millard W., born April 3, 1881, and Katie M., born April 15, 1883. Mr. Layton has twenty acres of land, principally devoted to small fruit, and he also has an apiary of about twenty colonies, but for- merly had one hundred. In politics Mr. Layton is a Republican and is a mem- ber of Elmer Post, G. A. R., of Elkhart. Gen. Alvin Peterson Hovey, who died while serving his first term as governor of Indiana, was a native Hoosier, his birth occurring in that widely famed county of Posey September 6, 1821, and, like thousands of others who attained prominence in American history, his lot in youth was one of hardship and gave no hint of the honors that a strong intellect, fairly used, coupled with unwearying industry, were to bring him. In the common schools of his native county, which were then of the poorest, and are not now much better, he managed to pick up a rudimentary educa- tion which he supplemented by hard study, after the active work of his life had begun. He studied law and, having been admitted to the bar in 1843, when about twenty-two years of age, he entered at once upon what, his youth and surroundings considered, was a successful and lucrative practice as an attorney at Mount Vernon. For seven years he devoted himself to his profession, l>ut about 1851 he was elected a member of the constitutional convention by which the constitution of Indiana was revised, and so greatly did he distinguish himself in that body that in the next year he was chosen circuit judge of the Third Judicial District of his State and, after three years' service upon that bench, was in May, 1854, made one of the judges of the Supremo Court of Indiana, but held the position only a few months. He was appointed by President Pierce in 1855 United States district attorney for the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 499 District of Indiana, from which he was removed by President Buchanan because of having been an ardent supporter of Douglas. During the war with Mexico he was a lieutenant, but his company failed to secure an entry into one of the regiments assigned to Indiana. When the war of the Rebellion came upon the country, although he had never had any military training and had never shown the slightest aptitude or inclination for the military profession, he instantly cast aside his per- sonal considerations, enlisted in the service and started out as colonel of volunteers, by appointment of Gov. Morton. His command was first employed in Arkansas, where, without any opportunity of becoming distinguished in battle, he so bore him- self that he won the admiration of his superiors. Shortly after the reduction of Fort Donelson, for meritorious service, he was commissioned brigadier general and a short time after was made major general, although he did not receive his commis- sion until two years after it was granted. In time his chance came to show the mettle of which he was made. Transferred to the Army of Tennessee, just before the opening of the memorable campaign which ended on July 4, 1863, in the sur- render of Vicksburg, he was assigned to an important command. At the battle of Champion's Hill, which was the pivotal one of the brief and brilliant series of engagements by which Gen. Pemberton was forced back with his entire army into Vicksburg, Gen. Hovey so executed the task which fell to his lot, that Gen. Grant spoke of him, in bis official report, in terms of highest praise, awarding him the honor of the victory at Champion's Hill, which Grant himself called the "key battle" of his movements to get in the rear of Vicksburg. After the fall of this place he was sent to a field of duty where he could gain no military laurels, but where his services were of vital value to the Union cause, for he was put in command of the District of Indiana, where, with the powerful aid of Oliver P. Morton, then governor, he prosecuted and kept the disaffected element under control. The war being ended he resigned his commission in the army in October, 1865, and soon after was appointed United States minister to Pern, having declined the mission to Buenos Ayres, which had been tendered him. After holding the post of minister to Peru for tive years, he resigned it in 1870, when he returned to Indiana and resumed the practice of law, to which he confined himself for the next sixteen years, but all the time, having a keen interest in public affairs both national and State, he put his ability as a public speaker at the service of the Republican party, having prior to the war been a Democrat. In 1886 he was a candidate of his party for Congress and was elected in a close district. In the House of Representatives he showed so much civic ability that in 1888 he was made the nominee of his party for governor of his State and entered at once upon the hottest political campaign the State has ever known. As a result of the canvass he received a plurality of votes of 2.200 over his competitor. Gen. Matson, who had been a gallant Union soldier, had shown a capacity for civil office and was in every way the strongest candidate the Democrats could have nominated. Being thus chosen as the first Republican governor Indiana has had since the war, Gov. Hovey entered upon the duties of his office and in their discharge displayed the same courage, clear intellect and unsullied integrity with wliich he ever met every other function allotted to him. While fulfilling the requirements of his office he was taken ill and died November 23, 1891. He was a ripe Latiu scholar, was determined and self-reliant, a frequent contributor to maga- zine literature and a poet of more than ordinary ability. Henry W. Bissell. It is generally considered by those in the habit of super- ficial thinking that the history of so-called great men only is worthy of preservation, and that little merit exists among the masses to call forth the praise of the historian or the cheers and appreciation of mankind. A greater mistake was never made. No man is great in all things, and very few are great in many things. Many by a lucky stroke achieve lasting fame, who before that had no reputation beyond the limits of their neighborhood. It is not a history of the lucky stroke which benefits humanity most, but the long study and effort which made the lucky stroke possible. 500 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL It is the preliminary work — the method — that serves as a guide for the success of others. Thus it appears that the lives of the masses out of which come the men who control the world, will furnish the grandest, truest lessons for the benefit of humanity. The common soldier, who bears the brunt of battle and who does his best, is as much entitled to highest praise for his efforts as is the general who stands back out of rifle shot and directs the struggling troops to victory. The widow who places her mite upon the altar deserves greater praise for her sacrifice than the prince who places thereon a costly pearl. The widow gives all she has; the prince will never miss his gift. And a history of the widow's suffering and sacrifice is of much greater pathos and value to the student of history and human nature, than the dizzy stor}' of the ostentatious gift of the priuce. All writers agree that the quiet lives are the ones which furnish the best examples of heroism, sacrifice and merit. After all this is said, the honest man, the man who has endeavored, to the best of his ability, to follow the precepts of the Golden Kule,the man who has lived to the age of four score years and universally commands the respect of his fellow-men even though he has attained no high political or other preferment, is the one whose life is worthiest of emulation and whose history is most deserving of preservation. Such a man is Henry W. Bissell, whose name forms the subject of this memoir. His ancestors were French, but for many generations lived in England. The general belief and accepted version of the advent of the family in America is that John Bissell, a native of Somersetshire, Englaud (where he was born about the year 1591) in order to escape the religious persecutions so common at that time, immi- grated to the colonies with his family in 1628, landing at Plymouth Rock, Massa- chusetts. According to Stile's History of Old Windsor, Connecticut, to which point he moved about the year 1040, he was the first settler on the east side of the river and had charge of the Scantic Ferry. From this pioneer, John Bissell, the different heads of the family are traced in a direct line to the immediate subject of this sketch, as follows: John, Jr.; John, Jr., the third who married Izrel Mason; Daniel married Margaret Dewey; Ezekiel married Kiith Devotion; Eliphaz mar- ried Elizabeth Birge; Eliphaz, Jr., married Diantha Norton. This brings the record up to Henry W. Bissell, of whom a more extended notice is here given. A native of the State of New York, his birth occurred at Vernon Center, Oneida coun- ty, June 26. 1812, being now the only living representative of his family, origi- nally consisting of three sons and two daughters. His youth was passed in a similar manner to that of hundreds of other boys, having been spent in assisting his parents at home and in attending the district schools. During his early manhood he com- pleted his schooling by attending Cazenovia Seminar}', and later in life began farm- ing, teaching and clerking. In 1837, while on a visit to Detroit, where a brother was living, he embarketl in a trading tour through western Michigan and northern Indiana, and passing through Goshen was so well pleased with the village and its surrounding fertile lands that he determined to make it his future home. In 1839 he opened a general store on the east side of Main street, opposite the present court house, which he operated about fifteen years, also being interested as part- ner a part of the time with \\ illiam Cowan, at Oswego, in a similar enterprise. Returning to his native State for a wife, he wedded Sabrina A. Spencer in 1840, who died May 26, 1846, leaving him three small children — Amelia J., Harriet E. (died in 1847), and Sabrina C., who died in 1848. The first named is the wife of A. E. Billings, of Toledo, Ohio, and is the only one living of Mr. Bissell' s children. For a second wife he selected Mrs. A. M. (Turk) Sands, of Somers, Westchester Co., N.Y., a lady of Huguenot ancestry, who died Maj' 19, 1880, with- out issue. Together with his family Mr. Bissell, the winter of 1853-4, visited Washington, remaining a period of nine months, visiting all the places of interest and particularly the houses of Congress. He particularly recalls the memorable speech of Stephen A. Douglas on the Missouri Compromise Bill, and considers this vacation one of the most enjoyable events in his life. Returning to Goshen, MEMOIRS OF IXDIAyA. 501 Mr. Bissell turned bis attention more exclusively to dealing in grain, which he continued for about seventeen years, acquiring a competency. Since then he has retired from active operations, confining his time to the management of his valu- able estate and in the contemplation of a well-spent life. A Whig firt^t in politics, he naturally drifted into Republican ranks upon the organization of that party, and has ever since affiliated as such. For nearly half a century he has been identified with the Presbyterian Church. While a man of strong convictions and steadfast resolutions, Mr. Bissell has at no time obtruded his opinions upon others, nor has he ever sought political or other preferment. His busy career has given him time to do but little else than purbue the even tenor of his way and in assist- ing, so far as alile, all meritorious causes. A. W. Shidler. The name of Shidler has been known in St. Joseph county, Ind. , for nearly fortj' years, for in 1854 Mr. Shidler took up his residence in the south part of Union township, at what was for many years known as the Shidler Mill, which came into possession of the Coquillards and was eventually burned and never rebuilt. Mr. Shidler is one of the well-known and influential men of the county and, as his walk through life has been characterized by honor, kindness and generosity, he well merits the numerous friends he has gathered about him. He is a product of Stark county, Ohio, where he was born in 1832, the youngest of thir- teen children born to George \V. and Catherine (Wise) Shidler, the former of whom was born and reared in Washington county, Penn., a son of John and Sarah Shid- ler, who were among the early residents of the Keystone State, where they eventu- all}- passed from life. In the State of Pennsylvania George W. Shidler and wife were married, but about 1800 with his wife and eldest child he went on horseback to Stark county, Ohio, he walking and his wife riding on horseback and carrying the baby who was about one year old. They settled on a woodland farm and as their nearest neighbor was four miles away they would have spent many lonely hours had not their time been fully occupied in the laudable endeavor to clear and otherwise improve their laud. He became well known throughout that section as a public- spirited and honorable citizen and not only made a success of farming but also of saw-milliug. and became a man of considerable property, and gave to each of his children 160 acres of land. He was a Whig in politics and at the time of his death in 1855, in Stark county, Ohio, when in his seventy-seventh year, he was a member of the German Baptist Church. Although he passed through many hardships in the early part of his career, his energy and determination knew no bounds; he not only cleared and improved his land but he made other ventures also, in which he was suc- cessful, and he taught his children to be honest and industrious men and women. His wife was a daughter of John and Nanc)' Wise, who were Pennsylvanians by birth and early settlers of Stark county, Ohio, locating in the vicinity of Canton about 1805. There John Wise entered two sections of land, on which the city of Canton now stands, and there both Mr. and Mrs. Wise were called from life. The great great-grandfather Wise was a soldier in the war for independence, and at one time in endeavoring to escape from the British soldiers, hid in a hay mow. where one of the soldiers ran his bayonet through Mr. Wise's hat but did not touch him. Although he came of English stock he was in the active service of the continental army and did much to assist this country in throwing off the British yoke. John Wise, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, reared a family of nine children and Peter and Adam became prominent men, serving in the Legislature of Ohio, the lat- ter being elected to the Senate three different times. Mr. Shidler's mother died in Union township, this county, at the home of her son A. W., in 1867, at the age of eighty-seven years. She had seen many hard times in the pioneer days of Ohio but was alvi-ays cheerful, helpful and kind. She became the mother of thirteen children: David, the oldest of the familj-, was born in Pennsylvania, reared a family and died in 1860; Susan, who married Jacob Hoover and moved to Kosciusko county, Ind., where both passed from life; Mary became the wife of B. Clark and lived in Stark 503 " PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHIOAL county; John is eighty-two years old and is a resident of Kansas; George and Anna died in infancy; Rebecca married John Nunemaker who is now deceased, and who lived in Stark county; Catherine married Philip Meece and died in Stark county in 1850; Peter, who resides in Missouri, was forced to leave his home during the war, and with three of his sons entered the Union army and his eldest son, who was wounded and captured, was starved to death in Libby Prison ; after the war the other two sons were engaged to carry provisions to the western forts and were both killed by the Indians; the father, who is now quite aged, is a retired farmer of Missouri; he reared a family of thirteen children; Samuel, who is living in Stark county, Ohio, is a man of family and is a farmer by occupation; Eliza, mar- ried Jacob Motz and lives in Stark county; Jacob came to St. Josejih county, Ind., with the subject of this sketch and lived on a farm in Union township where he tilled the soil and operated a sawmill witli bis brother A. W., for three years. At the close of the war he started for the Black Hills and died at Clark's Forks on the Yellowstone River, leaving a wife and seven children who reside near Lakeville. Adam W., the subject of this sketch, was the youngest of the family and naturally was the last one to leave home. Although his early advantages were not at all good he possesses a valuable fund of information, for his natural abilities and contact with the business affairs of life have in a great measure remedied the lack of early oppor- tunities. At the age of seventeen, owing to the fact that his father was well along in years and unable to follow the plow, he took the management of the home farm upon his own shoulders and continued to sucessfully conduct it until he was twenty years old. He then bought a farm in the vicinity on which he lived two years, then came to St. Joseph county, Ind., with his wife, whom he had married in Ohio shortly after attaining his majority. During the years that he operated a saw- mill and farmed with his brother, he was successful, but he eventually sold it and bought a portable mill, which he ran for some time. His attention for some time past has been directed to saw-milling, farming and stockraising, sheep and horses receiving particular attention at his hands. He has always been a Republican in pol- itics, and is a public-spirited man who has been active in the affairs of his section. He is a member of Lakeville Lodge, No. 353, of the A. F. & A. M., the I. O. O. F. of South Bend, and is a member of and deacon in the Christian Church, in which he is an active worker. Mrs. Shidler is also a member of the Christian Church and highly respected wherever known; was born in Stark county, Ohio, October 7, 1832, being the youngest but one of a family of tifteen children born to Christian and Bar- bara (Miller) Klopfenstine, both of whom were born, reared and married in Ger- many. Eight of their children were born in the old country, three died there, and with the rest they emigrated to this country about 1826 and settled in Stark county, Ohio, where they cleared up a good farm from the wilderness, on which the mother died in 1853, at the age of sixty-two years, a member of the Amith Mennonite Church. The father died five years later when seventy-five years of age. Their children are: Anna, the deceased wife of Christian Yoder of Stark county, Ohio; Michael is a well-to-do farmer of Stark county; Christian, who died at the age of twenty years; Peter, who died in Fulton county, Ohio, where his widow is still liv- ing; Barbara is the wife of Peter Miller and lives in Louisville, Stark county; Cath- erine, wife of John Shilling, lives in Stark county; Joseph is a resident of Califor- nia, whither he went in 1849, via Cape Horn; Lena became the wife of N. Smith and lived in St. Joseph county, but after the death of Mr. Smith married Samuel Carroll and now lives in Canton, Stark county, Ohio; Andrew lives in Bingham, Utah, was a forty-niner to California and did well as a miner; Mary is the wife of Mr. Shidler; Fannie married Christian Fogle and is living at La Pass, Marshall Co., Ind. Mrs. Shidler lived with her parents in Stark county until her marriage and her eldest child, Bell, was born there July 26, 1853. She is married to Andrew Moon and lives within two miles of Lakeville, Ind., the mother of the following children: Nora, Berton, Edith, Cecil, Don and Eva. The second child born to MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 503 Mr. and Mrs. Shidler was Francis L., born June 30, 1856, is married to E. Hupp and lives oue-half mile east of Lakeville. He is an undertaker and they are the parents of four children: Enid, Maud, Dwight and Mabel. Emma L. was born October 20, 1858, is the wife of John Neddo, lives one mile north of Lakeville and has two children, Homer and Inez. Arthur L. was born September 28, 1860, is liv- ing in EUisville, 111., and for six years has been a successful practicing physician. He graduated at Valparaiso, Ind., and the P. & S. College of Chicago. He married Laura Hugh and has a daughter, Merl ; he is a Ilepul)lican. Schuyler F. was born October 10, 1862, is a successful physician at Sheridan, Mo. ; he grad- uated at Valparaiso, Ind., and is a graduate at the P. & S. College of Chicago and is married to Hattie Main of Iowa. Alice was born December 14, 1864, is the wife of Dr. A. L. Wagner and has two children, Albert and Marie. John W. was born July 3, 1867, is a hardware merchant of EUisville, 111. Adam N. was born September 18, 1869, is associated with his brother John in business and is also teach- ing in the public schools of EUisville, and Clem E. , who was born December 9, 1874, is an intelligent and energetic young man and was a school teacher in Union township, now started to take a three-year course at Valparaiso, Ind. All the sons at one time taught school and all of the daughters excejjt two, and one of them was a music teacher. Mr. Shidler has resided on his present line farm for twenty- eight years and has become greatly attached to the place. He has made many trips throughout the West and South and is an exceptionally well-informed man. He and his wife are very highly regarded wherever known. Hon. W. J. Davis, attorney and counselor at law, and member of the oldest legal firm of Goshen, Messrs. Wilson, Davis & Wilson, is a native of Fairfield county, Ohio, his birth occurring September 24, 1847. He is a son of David Y. Davis, also a native of Fairfield county, Ohio, and grandson of John Davis, a Pennsylvauiau, and family tradition says, of Welsh descent. When it required all the hardihood usually possessed by the pioneer, the elder Davis, in the year 1800, braved the perils of frontier life and immigrated to the wilds of Ohio with his fam- ily. David Y. Davis was a farmer, as was his father before him, following that occupation through life. He married Eunice E. Stirratt, who bore him one daugh- ter, and after her death wedded Sarah B. Packer. Eight children were born to his second marriage, six of whom grew to maturity and four are now living. The father was a man of more than ordinary intelligence, honest to the very penny, unobtru- sive in his intercourse with his fellow man, a Presbyterian in religion and a Whig, Know-Nothing and lastly a Republican in politics. He died April 17, 1891, pre- ceded by his wife in November, 1871. W. J. Davis was reared upon his father's farm in Ohio, attended the district school in his boyhood daj's and later the high schools at Rushville and Bremen. In May, 1866, he entered Washington and Jef- ferson College, at which he graduated August 6, 1868, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, and during his collegiate career determined to make the practice of law his vocation through life. After graduating he taught school two years in the States of Ohio and Pennsylvania, and during this time read law under the tuition of G. AV. K. Minor and John S. Brasee, of Uniontown, Penn., and Lancaster, Ohio, respectively. He was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court at Columbus, Ohio, on February 28, 1871, and the day following this event went to Wells county, Ind. , for the purpose of checking the theft of timber from a valuable piece of land entered by his father in 1835 from the Government. The object of his visit was satisfactorilj' performed, and while there he associated himself in the practice of his profession with T. W. Wilson, at Bluffton. He remained there until 1878, when he removed to Goshen, where he has ever since resided, actively engaged in legal pur- suits. Mr. Davis is a Republican in politics. He volunteered for the cause of the Union during the Civil war, but was rejected because of not being old enough. Naturally of a studious nature, his youthful surroundings were such as to develop this disposition rather than retard its growth. His father being a great reader of 504 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL the news aud good literature, kept his home supplied with the magazines and news- papers current at that time, and with good books. Young Davis found much of his youthful pleasures in reading his favorite authors at home instead of on the play- ground with boys of his age. This habit, cultivated in j'outh, has clung to him in his more mature years, and he is as much a student at forty-three as he was at lif- teen. Asa lawyer he rank=i among the first in the district. As a citizen he belongs to the Odd Fellows fraternity, the Presbj'terian Church, is enterprising and com- mands general respect. In ISS-t he was elected senator from Elkhart county, serv- ing four years and making a creditable record. He became a church member in 1867, and at the spring session of 187fi, was selected to represent the Fort Wayne Presbytery in the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, which met at the church presided over by the Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage, of Brooklyn, N. Y. This was one of the most enjoyable events of Mr. Davis' life. He not only had the pleasure of participating in the duties to which he had been elected, but was enabled to visit the larger cities of the East aud the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. Mr. Davis was married October 9, 1873, to Miss Maria McKean, a oative of Wash- ington, Penn., and the daughter of Thomas and Fanny (Snodgrass) McKean. Five children have been l;)orn to this union; Thomas A., born Julv 31, 1874; Fannv M.,born July 2, 1870, died October 25, 1886; Clara, born July" 14, 1878, Bessie, born June lb, 1SS5; died October 27, 1886, aud Marie McK., born October 27, 1887. Mrs. Davis, as well as the older children, belongs to the Presbyterian Church. Hanson G. Mangdn. Agricultural pursuits have formed the chief occupation of this gentleman, and the wide-awake manner in which he has taken advantage of every method aud idea tending toward the enhanced value of his property has had considerable to do with his success in life. In addition to being a successful farmer, whose opinions upon matters pertaining to agriculture carries with them much weight in the community in which he lives, Mr. Marigun was a man of broad in- telligence and has given much attention to questions of public import. Originally from Ohio, Mr. Mangun was born in Carroll county, March 24, 1828, and is a son of James and Mary (Germen) Mangun, both natives of Prince George county, Mary- land, the father born February 16, 1782. The elder Mangun was reared in his native county, and started out empty handed to battle his own way in life. Much against his inclination or desire he became overseer on different plantations, but as he greatly disliked this he gave it up, and in 1815 came north to Carroll county Ohio. This was in the pioneer days of the Buckeye State, and the country was as yet almost a wilderness. He commenced to make a home in the heart of the forest, and his was the first ax to fell the mighty monarchs of the woods on his farm. To clear and cultivate his land required years of labor and economy, but his toil was rewarded, and he became one of the foremost and substantial men of his section. He made his home on this farm the remainder of his days, and passed away on April 10, 1861. His wife also received her final summons on this farm, her death occur- ring in September, 1854. She was born on September 2, 1786, and was married to Mr. Mangun December 24, 1807, their nuptials being celebrated in Maryland. The following children were born to them: Ann; Maria; Mary E. ; Rachel; Sarah A. ; Jane died at the age of nine years; Benedict W. ; James; George S. ; Hanson G., and Stephen died in infancy. All these children are now deceased with the exception of four sons. Hanson G. JIangun was reared in his native county, and his early life did not differ materially from that of other farmers' boys, who are expected to con- tribute to their own support as soon as they become physically able to perform any kind of manual labor, and the most important part of whose education is supposed to be industrial trainincr. Mr. Mangruu was married October 9, 1851. to Miss Louisa Watkins, a native of Tuscarawas county, Ohio, and daughter of John C. aud Sarah (Kollar) Watkins, the former a native of Maryland, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Both were brought to Ohio by their parents at a very early age, Mr. Watkins being only about four years old at that time. In 1851 Mr. and Mrs. Watkins removed MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 505 to St. Joseph coiiaty lad., and there Mr. Watkius died oa November 6, 1879. His wife Sarah is still living, and makes her home in St. Joseph county. To Mr. and Mrs. Mangun have l)een born nine children, seven of whom are living at the present time: Ezra R. (died in infancy), Sylvester A., Sarah A., Josiah L., Ida B. , John W., Mary, Will E. and Charlie. Sarah A. Mangnn was married to Lewis M. Gillis of St. Joseph county, Ind., February Vi, 1879. To Mr. and Mrs. Gillis have been born three children, two boys and one girl. Ida B. Mangun was married to John D. Gillis of St. Joseph county, Ind., Fel)ruary 26, 1880, and to them have been born two children, one boy and one girl. Sylvester A. Mangun was married to Alice Thornton, daughter of Elias Thornton of St. Joseph county, Ind., February 24, 1881, and to tiiem have been born three children, all boys. Josiah L. Mangun was married to Eliza Hartong, daughter of Levi Hartong of Will county, HI-, December 29, 1881, and to them have been born three children, two boys and one girl. Josiah L. Mauguu died December 10, 1888, at the age of thirty years. John W. Mangun was married to Amanda Hartong, daughter of Levi Hartong of Will county 111., November 15, 1882, and to them have been born three children, two boys and one girl. The three other children are still unmarried, and at home with their parents. Mr. Mangun has about ninety acres of good, tillable soil, and has nine acres of tim- ber. He came from his native county to this in October, 1867, and here he has resided since. In politics he is a Kepublican. He and his wife are worthy mem- bers of the Jlethodist Episcopal Church. John Manning. Among the sons of ])ioneers whose memory is so highly hon- ored in Elkhart county, is Mr. Manning, whose excellent farm and pleasant home is one of the ornaments of Cleveland township. His father, Elias Manning, was a native of the Buckeye State, and his grandfather, John Manning, in company with a brother, came across the Alleghany Mountains in about 1780 or 1790, when that section was a vast wilderness, and settled in Cincinnati. Ohio, and there remained for some time. From there they moved to Piqua, Ohio, and were among the pioneers of that place, in fact laid out the first addition of the place and erected a custom mill, portions of the old race and foundation being still visible. Here John Manaing died about the year 1810. Elias Manning was married to Miss Sarah W. Frost in 1S24, her parents being among the pioneers of Miami county, Ohio, and in 1834 he removed to Elkhart county, Ind., locating one mile west of Goshen, on Elkhart River, on the 1st of May of that year. During that year he erected a saw-mill, which was considered a very good one for that time, receiving custom from many distant points, this being one of the first mills in the county. In 1838 he also erected a gristmill, which he sold in 1842, moving on a farm in Jefferson township, and in 1844 he removed to Elkhart, where he resided until the time of his death in the fall of 1846. He was a millwright and his death occurred while on a business trip to Ohio. His marriage resulted in the birth of nine children, eight of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, as follows: William F., Oliver H. (deceased), Elizabeth F., Mary C. (deceased), Susan, Ebeneezer F., Nancy, Margaret (deceased), and our subject. Mrs. Manning survived her hus- band until the fall of 1871. The original of this notice was but eight years of age when he came with his parents to Elkhart county, Ind. , and there finished his growth. He learned the millwright trade of his father and followed this for many years. At the time of his father's death he took entire charge of Viiisiness, and continued the same imtil about 1872, at which time he located upon the farm where he now resides in Cleveland township. Mr. M;^nning was married January 6, 1864, to Miss Hortense Complon, who was born April 1, 1839, and who was a daughter of Ezekiel and Frances (WardI Comptoii, both natives of Ohio, born near Cleveland, the former February 24, ISll, and the latter February 16. 1813. Mr. Compton died in June, 1854, but his wife still survives him and is a resident of Elkhart. Seven children were born to them, as follows: Jacob D., Eliza A., Hortense, Charles (died in infancy). Hugh G., and Mary E. and George E. (twins, the former deceased). By 506 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL strict attention to business, and by an upright, honorable career, Mr. Manning became the owner of 407 acres of land, and has about 100 acres in timber. He has a commodious residence, and everything about the place indicates that an experi- enced hand is at the helm. His out-buildings are au ornament to the farm, and are not allowed to assume a dilapidated appearance. In politics he is a Kepublican, and has represented his township as trustee, besides holding other local positions. His marriage resulted in the birth of the following children: Lewis E. , born Octo- ber 13, 1864, and died October 17, 1887; George J., born September 6, 1872, and Mary A., born May 15, 1878. Gilbert H. Bdnch, who came to this section many years ago, was born in Gates county, N. C, in 1826, August 4, being the eldest child born to Jacob and Sarah Bunch, also North Carolinians, who took up their residence in Wayne county, lud. , about 1832, and after a number of years removed to Union City, where the father died at the age of seventy-two years, a public-spirited citizen and a Democrat politically. The mother died at the home of the subject of this sketch in St. Joseph county when about seventy-two years of age. Prior to her marriage with Mr. Bunch she married a Mr. Hurdle and by him became the mother of one child, Nancy, who died two years ago. She bore Mr. Bunch eleven children: Gilbert H.; Americus, who is a farmer of this county ; Elijah, who is living in Richmond, Ind. ; Thomas J., who is a resident of Ohio; Jacob, who died in this county some years ago; Joseph E., who is living in Indiana; Franklin, who is deceased; John, who also re- sides in Indiana; Jackson, who is a farmer of St. Joseph county; Melissa, who died at the age of twelve years, and another child who died ia infancy. Gilbert, Joseph, John and Jackson were soldiers in the Union army during the Civil war. Gilbert H. Bunch was an attendant of the common schools of Ohio and assisted on the home farm until he was eighteen years of age, when he began working for himself as a farm laborer, and the first year saved $50 of his wages. In the three years that he continued at this work, although his wages were very low, he managed to save §150. He then began to learn the carpenter's trade, but after settling in St. Joseph county in 1853, he began the manufacture of barrels on his timber farm, at which business he made considerable money. In addition to this he gave much of his attention to clearing and cultivating his land, and now has a well-improved farm of 240 acres two miles northeast of Lakeville, having given 100 acres to his daughter. In 1853 he united his fortunes with those of Mary Reynolds, daughter of Aaron and Elizabeth Reynolds. Mr. Bunch lived on his farm until 1889, when he moved to Lakevile, and has for some time past lived a retired life. He has been a Republican since the organization of that party, but prior to that was a Democrat. Although he has held a number of township offices he never aspired to do so, but when elected discharged his duties to the best of his ability. Although eight children were born to himself and wife only two are now living; Deming, who died when at the age of two years; Lafayette, who died when one year old; Sarah, who died at the age of thirty-two years, was the wife of S. Judd and the mother of two children one of whom is living (Ethel P.); Letitia, who died at the age of fifteen years; Delmor, who died when three months old; Willie, who died in infancy; Clara, who is married to Clarence Good, has one living child, Mabel F., her son Milo dying past three years old; and Alva, who makes his home with his parents. On February 18, 1864, Gilbert H. Bunch enlisted in Company K, Fiftieth Regiment, New York Eugineer Corps, and was in the service of his country for sixteen months building bridges, forts, etc. He was in many of the principal battles in which the Eastern wing of the army was engaged and was present at Lee's surrender. April 9, 1865, he received his discharge at Fort Berry, Va., June 13, after which he returned home to once more take up the peaceful pursuit of farming. He has been a highly honored citizen of this section for many years, and is now enjoying the fruits of a well-spent life. Hon. Joseph Ewing McDonald to Indiana was what Allen G. Thurman was to Ohio. Unlike many statesmen of prominence he never descended to "ward politics," petty \UM\^^> ^^>V [7^Vos^ MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 509 intrigues, or appealed to party prejudice; but on the contrary was dignified, a thoroughly honest, conscientious gentleman, appealing to intellect and reason rather than passion, and preferring to meet squarely all issues instead of avoiding them. Democracy lost its ablest and most candid representative in Indiana upon the death of Hon. J. E. McDonakl. Born August 29, 1819, in Butler county, Ohio, he was a son of John McDonald, a native of Pennsylvania, a farmer, and, as the name indi- cates, of Scotch ancestry. His mother was Eleanor (Piatt) McDonald, also a native of the Keystone State and a descendent of the French Huguenots. Josejih E. was left fatherless when yet a babe, and his mother marrying John- Kerr, the family moved to Indiana in 1S'2(3, and settled iu the almost unbroken forests of Montgomery county. It was amid scenes of hard labor and self denial that the character of this youth was formulated. Naturally of a studious nature, he seized every opportunity for mental improvement, borrowed books and papers that he was unable to purchase and often the midnight hour found him by the side of a tallow dip absorbing intellectual food from the best authors and from standard works. He was appren- ticed to the saddler's trade at an early day, and at eighteen entered Wabash College, at Crawfordsville, defraying his expenses by working at odd hours at his trade. He also attended Ashbury University six months, and in 1842 began the study of law at La Fayette, Ind. He was admitted to the bar, undergoing an examination before the supreme court judges, was nominated for prosecuting attorney of his district prior to receiving his license to practice, and was elected to this position the August following. He was re-elected to this office in August, 1845, serving in all four years. The fall of 1847 he moved to Crawfordsville and was elected to Congress from the old Eighth District two years later. In 1856 he was elected attorney general of the State, being the first chosen to this office by the people, and was re-elected, serving two full terms. In 1859 he removed to Indianapolis, where he continued an active career until his death. His knowledge of the law was remarkable, and his readiness in debate made him the foremost lawyer of the State. As an all-round attorney and counselor, his superior has never practiced in Indiana. He made the principal argument for the objectors in the count of the electoral vote of Louisiana before the commission appointed to determine the result of the presidential election of 1876, having, in March, 1875, been elected as a member of the United States Senate. Always a firm, consistent Democrat of the Jeffersonian school, he took rank among the first men of the nation and was once a prominent candidate for his party's nomi- nation for the presidency. Mr. McDonald was a Presliyterian in religious belief. He married Nancy B. Buell on Christmas day, 1844, and the issue to this union was throe sous and one daughter. For his second wife he married Josephine Farnswortb Barnard, January 12, 1881, while in the United States Senate. She still survives him. To this union there was no issue. Mr. McDonald died June 21, 1892, honored and respected. Capt. William R. Ross. The philosophy of success in life is an interesting study, and affords a lesson from which others can profit. In choosing a pursuit in life, taste, mental gifts, opportunity and disposition to labor, should be considered, as any young man who has a disposition to become a respectable and useful citizen desires to succeed therein. On September ]2, 1825, a boy was born in Rhode Lsland, who grew up to sturdy manhood, ambitious to excel and possessing much energy and determination, attributes which are essential to .success in any calling. This boy was William R. Ross, his parents being Arthur A. and Jerusha (Newell) Ross, who were also natives of Rhode Island, the birth of the latter occurring in 1801, and their respective deaths in 1804 and 1865. Arthur A. Ross was a minister of the Baptist Church, devoted thirty years of his life to the cause of his Master, iu which his labors were prospered, and he was well known anlace until November, 1864. He then removed to Goshen, where he has ever since been in active practice, both alone and associated with some of the ablest law- vers of Goshen. At the present time he is the senior member of the firm of Wil.son, Davis & Wilson, composed of himself, Hon. W. J. Davis and his son Harry C. Wil- son. A close observer of persons and events, of dignified presence, an excellent judge of law, a close student and an eloquent and ready debater, Mr. Wil.son has for years been recognized as one of the foremost members of the legal fraternity in northern Indiana. In 1808 Mr. Wilson was elected the first mayor of the city of Goshen, doclitiing a reelection. Upon urgent solicitation, in 1890, he allowed his name to be piesented to the voters as the Repulilican nominee for Congress from the Thir- teenth District, but the tidal wave against his party, caused mainly by the recent enactment of the misunderstood tariff law, encompassed his defeat together with 522 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPIIICAL hundreds of other Republican candidates. April 26, 1855, occurred his marriage with Miss Annjeannette Trumbull, at Fort Wayne, Ind. , the day following her grad- uation at college, and their children are: Viola A., wife of F. W. Nichols, principal of the Springer School of Chicago; Louise M., wife of C G. Beers, a business man of Chicago; Harry C, lawyer at Goshen; Clara J., wife of F. W. Wood, agent of the Chicago Varnish Company', with headquarters in New York City; Lawrence H. , agent of the Standard Oil Company at Racine, Wis. , and Weldon N. , deceased. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are members of the Presbyterian Church, in which Mr. Wilson has been an elder for thirty-six years. John W. Irwin. Of the early settlers of northern Indiana who left homes of comfort in the East to brave the perils and hardships of pioneer life in the great West, who felled the forests and laid the foundations of plenty which the present generation now enjoy, but few are remaining. Occasionally one of these old frontiersmen is met with who has survived the storms and ravages of time, but his silvery locks and his faltering footsteps tell us that ere long he will "pass within that tent whose curtain never outward swings." In no way can the present gener- ation honor so well these old heroes of the early times as by imitating their virtues, and preserving inviolate the lessons guaranteed unto us in the civil, religious and educational institutions, founded and fostered by their wisdom and self sacrifice. Among the first to seek homes within the borders of what now constitutes Elkhart county, was the Irwin family. The pioneer was Alexander Irwin, a soldier of the War of 1812, and a son of Isaac Irwin of Franklin county, who was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and one of the defenders of the colonies in their struggle for independence. The advent of the Irwins in this country was probably about the year 1750, and settling in Franklin county, they afterward removed to Allegheny county, Penn, and resided there many years. It was here Alexander Irwin wedded Elizabeth McConnell, who bore him a family of children, and after her death married Mrs. Elizabeth (Wycoff) Daily, mother of the subject of this sketch. In 1832 he immigrated with his family to northern Indiana, and settled on Elkhart Prairie in the " Goshen settlement," the only other one then in Elkhart county being the "Elkhart settlement." Three years later he succumbed to an attack of malarial fever prev- alent in those days, coupled with treatment of bleeding, purging and heroic doses of calomel i)rescrilied by the pioneer doctors. Of the five children born to his second marriage, three sons now reside in Goshen. John W. Irwin, one of these, is the immediate subject of this sketch. He was born September 24, 1822, and, like the majority of the Irwins was reared on a farm. The indifferent subscription schools of pioneer days furnished his early education which was later supplemented with about two years' attendance at the State University in Bloomington. Begin- ing the study of law. when yet a boy, under the tutelage of Judge Chamberlain and others, he attended lectures at the law department of the university at Bloomington, and in 1849 located at Goshen to begin the practice of his profession, or, as he termed it, "to begin the starving process." Goshen has ever since been his home, and for years he confined his occupation to probate and ex parte practice. In 1850 he, together with W. A. Thomas, Gen. Milo S. Hascall, Edward Metcalf, Charles Mvirray, Thomas G. Harris, Judge Joseph Mather and others, organized the Republican party in Elkhart county from the disaffected ranks of the Democrats, and from the defunct Whig and Free Soil parties. In 1860, as a Republican, he was elected to the office of county treasurer, and later was re-elected, serving two terms. In 1854 he became associated with Hon. Robert Lowrey in the legal practice, but prior to this time had served two years as deputy county clerk for Owen Cotfin, a year and a half having exclusive charge. At the expiration of his term as treasurer he was appointed deputy collector of internal revenue; but during this time (1865) formed a partnership with Gen. Milo S. Hascall, in the purchase of the business and good will of the Salem Bank at Goshen, from John Cook; and this partnership continued uninterruptedly twenty-five years, lacking a few months. .UEMOTIiS OF INDIANA. 523 Since then Mr. Irwin has conducted the business alone, although he and Gen. Has- call are yet partners in the hardwood lumber trade at East Chicago. During the troublous time when rebellion threatened the overthrow of the Union, Mr. Irwin took an active part in the raising of troops for the war, and his loyalty was of so pronounced a character as never to be questioned. During his half century of res- idence in Elkhart county, Mr. Irwin has been connected with some of the most note- worthy enterprises of Goshen, and the pride of his declining years is that no one can point to a single act that in the least reflects discredit upon his name. He was one of the organizers of the Elkhart County Agricultural Society, and was continued as its secretary for twenty-five years, serving twenty-three years without compensation, when he declined further service. He left tlie society the owner of thirty-two acres of ground, and buildings thereon and .SSOO in cash, all made and saved from the receipts from year to year, the property valued at -515,000. Notwithstanding his busy life, he has found time for extended reading and travel, and has twice crossed the Atlantic to Europe visiting all noteworthy places of interest in the Old World. He has the largest miscellaneous library in the county. October 11, 1855, occurred his marriage with Miss Hagar Jackson, the third daughter of Col. John Jackson, one of the pioneers of Elkhart county, and two children have been born to this union: Frank, and May, now Mrs. F. E. Baker. Aside from being one of the oldest living pioneers of the county, Mr. Irwin unquestionably is one of its foremost citi- zens. Gifted with intelligence, of unswerving integrity, he to-day, on the evening of his life labors, commands the respect of his fellow men, and numbers his friends only by his number of acquaintances. Samuel Scoles. For many years, or since boyhood Mr. Scoleshas given the occu- pation of farming his principal time and attention, and that a lifetime spent in pur- suing one calling will result in substantial success, especially if energy and perse- verance are applied, is particularly true in his case. Like many other of the representative citizens of the county, Mr. Scoles is a native of the Buckeye State, born November 13, 1814, and is a son of Thomas and Mary (Scoles) Scoles, natives of Maryland, where they were reared and married. At an early day the parents emigrated to Ohio, and in 1819 settled in Knox county, where they passed the remainder of their days, living to be quite aged people. The paternal grandparents of our subject were John and Esther (Bing) Scoles, the former a native of the Green Isle and the latter of England. Both came to America at a very early day and John was a soldier in the Revolution. The death of Thomas Scoles occurred in 1858 and that of his widow in January, 1866. The original of this notice was but five years of age when his parents located in Knox county, Ohio, and as the educational facili- ties of that early day were not of the best, his scholastic training was limited. About the year 1845 he removed to Marshall county, Ind. , and February 22, 1846, he was married to Miss Barbara Huutsinger, a native of Montgomery county, Ohio, born October 3, ISlSt. and the daughter of Henry and Mary (Kessler) Huntsinger, the former born in Tennessee and the latter in North Carolina. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt- singer settled in St. Joseph county, Ind., Ma}' 5, 1831, and were among the pioneers of that county, there passing the closing scenes of their lives, Mrs. Huntsinger dying in 1848 and her husband in 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Scoles were born these children: Jesse B., Matilda W., Levcis, Melissa (deceased), and Enoch (who died when live years of age). In 1852 Mr. Scoles located in Elkhart county, Ind., settling on a farm in Baugo township, and there he resides at the present time. With the exception of about ten years spent in Elkhart, Mr. Scoles has resided on this farm ever since and is one of the old and much esteemed citizens of the township, and takes a deep interest in the welfare and progress of the county. While Mr. Scoles is a member of the Methodist Episcopal, his wife holds membership in the Baptist Church, and both are active workers in their respective churches. In politics he has voted the Republican ticket ever since the organization of that party, and is a firm advocate of its platform. His son, Lewis Scoles, was born in Marshall county. 524 PWTOlilAL AND lUOGllAlHIWAL Ind., March 23, 1847, and when about five years of ago was biongbt to Elkhart county by his parents. Here his youthful days were spent and in addition to a common-school education received in Baiigo township, he attended the public schools of Elkhart, where the family moved in 1802. Here Lewis attended school for four years and then returned to the farm where he has resided ever since with the exception of three years spent in Elkhart. He was married June 23, 1S67, to Miss Louisa Bowman, a native of Stark county, Ohio, born December 25, 1847, and the daughter of Peter and Julia (Esseck) Bowman, natives of Ohio, who came to Elkhart county in IS.")"), where they jiassed ihe remainder of their days. To Lewis Scoles and wife have been born live children, three of whom are living: Carrie A., Clarence P., died when two years of age; Nora B. and George O. and Georgie E., the latter dying at the age of six months. His father and mother make their home with him. Mr. and Mrs Scoles are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church and Mr. Scoles is steward of the same. In politics he is an ardent Repub- lican. C. W. Moon, general merchant and grain dealer of Lakeville, Ind., was bom in Union township of this county January 0, 18-15, at the home of his parents in the northwest part of the township, being one of their ten children. His parents were Eli and Louisa (Hathaway) Moon, the former of whom was born in Wayne county, Ind., in April, 1822, a son of Malachi Moon, who came thither from his native State of North Carolina in an early day and died in Wayne county when his son Eli was a small child. The grandmother Moon also died in Wayne county, having become the mother of eight children: John, James, Eli, Elizabeth, Sarah, Nancy, Mary and Jane, all of whom are dead except James, who is about eighty years of age. All the early members of the family were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, all followed farming and became well to do. Eli Moon spent his early life in Wayne county and when about fifteen years of age came to St. Joseph county and until eighteen years of age worked as a farm hand. He then started to farming on his own account on some land which he purchased in Union township, but in 1878 he retired from that Inisiness and took up his residence in Lakeville, where he lived until his death in 1874. He held office in the United Brethren Church, of which he was a member, and until 1856 was a Democrat in politics, after which he became a Republican. His farm of 155 acres was well improved, but it required many years of hard labor to bring it to its present admirable state of cultivation. He was a well-known and useful citizen, and his death was a source of much regret to all who knew and respected and admired him for his many sterling traits of character. His union with Miss Hathaway took place in 1840, she being a native of the State of New York and a daughter of Jesse and Hannah Hathaway who were born in the Stale of New York, but were of English descent. They early became residents of St. Joseph county and here passed from life, he before the war and she about 1873. They held to the faith of the Methodist Episcopal Church, were well to do and reared the following children: Henry, Gaylor, Abner, Peter, Ezra, Phcebe, Hannah, Lo.iisa, Electa, Ovanda, of which family five members are living. Louisa Hatha- way was born in 1823 and died in 1859, an earnest member of the United Brethren Church. She also became the mother of ten children: William H., Charles W., Andrew% Jesse F., George R., Mary, Ruth, Alice, Emeline and Lucina. William, Henry, Alice and Emeline are deceased. William was a soldier in Company H, Seventy-third Regiment Indiana Volunteers and was killed at the battle of Stone River December 3, 1862, at the age of twenty years. He had participated in a num- ber of severe engagements, in which he acquitted himself creditably. He was buried on the battlefield. All the living members of the family reside in St. Joseph county except Lucina, who is a resident of Nebraska. C. W. Moon, the subject of this sketch attended the common schools and the Northern Indiana College of South Bend, and thus gained a good practical education. He remained with his father on the farm until he was twenty-one years of age and then started to do for himself and for four MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 537 years thereafter was engaged in teaching school. He then began clerking in the store belonging to Mr. Shively of South Bend and still later in Lakeville, and in 1869 embarked in the mercantile business for himself, opening up a general store at Lakeville, which he operated for fifteen years, then gave up the business and once more became a pedagogue in Union township. Three years later he again opened a mercantile store in Lakeville and since that time has followed the business constantly and with good results. He keeps everything that can be required in a general store and for the past three years has also handled grain, making a specialty of wheat. Mr. Moon is a Republican in politics and has been active in the political affairs of his section. He has been justice of the peace for the past ten years and with impartial fairness has adjusted his neighbors' difficulties. Although a member of the A. F. & A. M. , in which he attained quite a high rank, he has not attended lodge for some time past. November 16, 1870, he married Miss Mary E. Crosby, of Whitley covmty, Ind. , her birth occurring November 4, 18-47, a daughter of Charles and Mary (Shults) Crosby, who came from the State of New York to this section in 1852, and took up their residence in Huntington county and later in Whitley county, where the father died in 1876. The mother is still living. They were the parents of three children: Wellington, Seward and Mary E. Mr. and Mrs. Moon have three sons: Edmund B., born October 6, 1872; Arthur, born January 3, 1876, and Marvin, born April 13, 1878. Edmund was a school teacher for some time and is now studying veterinary surgery in Toronto, Canada. When thirteen years of age he graduated from the public schools, being the youngest graduate in the county, and since that time he has not disappointed his friends in regard to his progress. He possesses superior mental gifts and the determination to make the most of his opportunities and talents. Arthur graduated at the age of fourteen years and is now a successful teacher of the county, and Marvin, who also graduated at the age of thirteen years, continues to attend school and assist his father in the store. Mr. Moon has always taken much interest in educational matters and has given his children good oppor- tunities to become well informed men and useful citizens. David Whitmek, farmer and stockraiser. It is always a pleasure to deal with the history of one who is a member of one of those substantial old families who for many years have been distinguished for patriotism, the genuine spirit of Christianity and the strong characteristics which have made them well and favorably known in the sections in which they have resided. Such a man is David Whitmer, who was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, October 18, 1830, a son of Abram Whitmer, a sketch of whom appears in this volume. When about two years old David was brought to St. Joseph county, Ind. , by his parents, and in the old-time schools of this section succeeded in obtaining a practical education, which has since been of much benefit and satisfaction to him. In his youthful days game was very plentiful hereabouts and continued to remain so for many years after their settle- ment. He was raised to a healthful and vigorous manhood on his father's farm and learned lessons of industry, honor and sobriety which have remained with him to the present day. On Febuary 2, 1854, he took for his wife Miss Celia A. Fuson, and their union resulted in the birth of five children: Melisa A., Alma L., Wilbert L. , William A. and Abram W. All are married and live in St. Joseph county. The mother of these children was called from life on November 14, 1872, and until Febuary 18, 1874, his daughters kept house for him, when he was married to Miss Phcebe J. Miller, of Dutch descent, who was reared in St. Joseph county. Her father is still living in South Bend, of which place he is a respected and esteemed citizen. The principles of the Republican party have always recommended them- selves to the judgment of Mr. Whitmer, bathe has never held office of any kind nor aspired to do so, the proper conduct of his tine farm completely occupying his atten- tion. During the long term of years that Mr. Whitmer has resided in St. Joseph county, the people have had every opportunity to judge of his character, and no whisper has ever been breathed against his fair name. He is an honor to the race 528 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL from which be sprung, and is one of the most successful agriculturists of his section, being the owner of a fine farm of 260 acres, all the improvements on which were made by himself. His wife is a worthy member of the Dunkard Church, and in every sense of the word is a true Christian. Isaac Whitmer, farmer. This gentleman has been prominently connected with the welfare of Green township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., is one of its best known and most influential citizens, and is one of the most enterprising of farmers, using the best methods of fertilizing the soil and improving the land. He was born on the farm which he now occupies, December 14, 1835, a son of Abram and Catherine (Bowman) Whitmer, the former a native of the Keystone State and the latter of Ohio. The Whitmer family is of German origin, and this blood can be readily seen in the members of the family, for their chief characteristics are energy, perseverance, honesty and thrift. Abram Whitmer came from Ohio to St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1831, and first resided about four miles south of South Bend on Turkey Creek road, but remained there only a year or so, when he moved to where his son Isaac, the subject of this sketch, now resides, entering 100 acres of wild land. On this property he built a little log cabin, in which he and his family moved, and in order to at once begin Ihe work of farming he "scratched" a small tract of land on which he sowed .some grain, and around which he built a sort of pen in order to hold his claim. In those days the face of the red man was more fre- quently seen than that of the white, and wild game of various kinds roamed the forests and frequently gave the early settlers considerable trouble by killing and carrying off their stock and destroying their fields of grain. Mr. Whitmer set en- ergetically about the work of improvement and although he for some time had hard work to keep the wolf from the door, his labors at last began to be rewarded and funds became more plentiful. In time he added eighty acres to his homestead tract and also forty acres of heavy timber land. On this valuable farm he breathed his last on December 13, 1872. In early days he did his trading and milling at Bert- rand and Michigan City and although these hardships and privations were annoying, there was no such word as "fail" in his vocabulary, and when the country began to be thickly settled his reward came. He was an elder in the Dunkard Church, and was a man who possessed many sterling attributes. His union resulted in the birth of eleven children, one of whom died in infancy, the living members being: Jacob; David; John; Susan; Isaac; Ann; Daniel, an elder in the Dunkard Church; Henry, Mary and Lydia. Christina is deceased. Isaac was born and reared on the farm he now owns, but his educational advantages were limited, owing to the poor facili- ties in his boyhood days. He attended the winter terms, which lasted about three months and were held in the log cabins of pioneer days. When not in school his time was spent in clearing the farm and with horses tramping out wheat on the barn floor. There were plenty of deer at that time and being a fair marksman the family did not lack for fresh meat. In 1859 he crossed the plains to California in search of gold, but in January of the following year returned home via the Isthmus of Panama, only to again cross the plains to California in the spring of 1800. This time he was absent two and a half years, during which time he not only tilled the soil but also hauled freight over the mountains, making his headquarters at Sacramento. In the fall 1862 he once more returned to the home of his birth, rid- ing a pony across the plains. He was subsequently married and moved to near La Porte, Ind., but in March, 1869, settled on his present farm — his birthplace — ■where he owns 271 acres of land, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He deals in stock to some extent, but the most of his attention is given to tilling the soil. He was elected township trustee in 1884 and served a term of four years. He is one of the enterprising and representative men of Green township, is a Republican in politics and is a member of the Dunkard Church. He was married in 1863 to Miss Sarah M. Greene, daughter of Nathan and Rebecca Greene, and his union has re- sulted in the birth of three children: Eva, A. L. and Mary M. Eva, the oldest, has MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 529 taught school oine years; A. L., the second child and only son, has taught three years; both are now attending College, while Mary M., the youngest, after graduating in the common schools, is now attending the high school of South Bend, Ind. Leonard H. Frank. The old country has contributed to the new many estimable citizens, but she has given us none more worthy of respect and esteem than the subject of this sketch, who is one of the representative men of the county. He was born in Germany on February 7, 1870, and his parents, George L. and Margaret (Kapp) Frank, were natives of that country also and there passed their entire lives. Leonard H. Frank's early life was characterized by the energy and industry so common among those of German nativity. On April 6, 1854, he decided that America was the Mecca to which so many were turning, and he decided to cross the ocean to this laud of promise. He landed in New York on May 17 of that year with but $2 in his pocket, but with any amount of energy and pluck. Two days in New York reduced his %'l to a cipher and he was obliged to borrow $2 to get to Philadelphia. Thus he started out for himself $2 poorer off than nothing. Immediately upon reaching that city he procured employment on a farm across the river in New Jersey and received $10 for his first month's services. The next month he received $11, but daring the winter he received but $9 per month, not being so busily employed. The following spring he received $13 and continued on the farm until the fall of 1855, when he decided to travel toward the setting sun. He was offered $15 per month to remain, but in spite of all this he started for Ohio. For three years he resided in Wyandotte county and then went to Crawford county, that State, where he purchased his first land, seventeen acres, upon which he settled and began improving. Two years later he added sixteen acres to this and made his home here until the spring of 1867, when he disposed of his farm and came to Indiana. He purchased eighty acres in St. Joseph county, Ind., but as it was not all paid for he disposed of this and bought sixty acres in the same county. In January, 1886, he came to Elkhart county, purchased his present farm of 145 acres, in Baugo town- ship, and is one of the successful and properous men of the county. Mr. Frank celebrated October 15, 1855, by taking to himself a wife in the person of Miss Mary Zanciuger, a native of Germany, born December 2, 1833. They are the parents of eleven children, who were named in the order of their births as follows: William (deceased), George, Caroline, Emaliue, William (deceased), Lewis, Andrew, Tracy, Kate, John and Edward (deceased). Worthy and exemplary members of the Lutheran Church, Mr. and Mrs. Frank contribute liberally to its support. They have a fine two- story brick residence and a large barn, erected in 1888 at a cost of $1,800. As we know he started out with limited means, in a strange country, and what he has accumulated is the result of great industry and perseverance. He says he could never have accomplished so much in any other country, and that the United States is the country for a struggling young man to amount to something. Lester Sawyer. A noble class of men has built up the agricultural interests of Baugo township, Elkhart Co., Ind., and has made it a garden spot in the great commonwealth of the State. Among those who have been active and efficient in the work is he whose name stands at the head of this sketch. He has been identi- fied with the farming interests of the county for many years and in every walk of life has conducted himself in an honorable, upright manner. His fine farm of 132 acres is one of the most attractive agricultural spots of the district, being conspicu- ous for the management that, while making it neat and attractive, still shows prudence and economy. Mr. Sawyer owes his nativity to Ohio, born in Portage county May 23, 1832, and is a son of Levi and Catherine (Beers) Sawyer, the former a native of the Old Bay State and the latter of Ohio, born in Portage county. Levi Sawyer was born on January 1, 1801, and his parents, Asa and Eunice (Priest) Sawyer, were natives of Massachusetts. Asa Sawyer emigrated to Ohio at an early date, settled in Portage county and there followed his trade, cooper, in connection 530 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL ■with farming. He was a very successful agriculturist and became quite wealthy. He was captain in the War of 1812, under Col. Carter, in a company known ae the "Floodwood." His death occurred about the year 1846, but for several years previous to his death he had no use of his limbs, being a paralytic. His wife sur- vived him until about 1860, her death occurring in Portage county on the home- stead. Levi Sawyer was reared and educated in his native county and there learned the shoemaker's trade, which he followed for many years. He was married to Miss Catherine Beers, who bore him these children: Luke, served in the One Hundredth Ohio Regiment during the war: Lewis, Lester and William, were cavalrymen during the war, in the One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Regiment; Lucy is in Kansas, and Louisa died in 1866; Lewis and Leroy died in 1855. In 1854 Levi Sawyer came to Indiana, located in Elkhart county, and for many years was justice of the peace in Jefferson township. Previous to this, in 1845, Mrs. Sawyer died in Portage county, Ohio, and in 1846 Mr. Sawyer married Eliza Kelso, a native of Portage county, and whose death occurred in Iowa in 1880. Three children were the result of this union: Charles, Franklin and Byron, two of whom, Charles and Franklin, served in the Union army. Mr. Sawyer was a man of energy and strict integrity and was universally respected. His death occurred on August 30, 1889, at the home of his son, Lester, in Baugo township, this county. Lester Sawyer was trained to the duties of the farm at an early age and received his education in the common schools. Although the advantages were not of the best, he improved every opportunity and for several years after coming to Elkhart county was a school teacher during the winter months. In 1853 Mr. Sawyer came to Indiana, settled on a farm in Bauga township, this county, and resides on this at the present time. Thirty of the 132 acres that he owns is in timber, but the remainder is in a high state of cultiva- tion. Mr. Sawyer has served his township as clerk and trustee at various times, and has always been identified with the Democratic party in politics. Our subject celebrated his marriage to Miss Olive E. Newman, at Elkhart, December 11, 1856. She was born in Tioga county, N. Y., April 1, 1834, being the daughter of James E. and Catherine (Hart) Newman, natives of the Empire State, but of En- glish German descent respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Newman emigrated to Indiana in 1840, settled in Baugo township, Elkhart county, and there followed farming on the land now owned by our subject. Mr. Newman was one of the pioneers of Baugo township, but did not live long after settling here, his death occurring on August 25, 1840. His wife survived him until February 4, 1872, her death oc- curring at Elkhart. The following children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Sawyer: Clara E., born June 17, 1866; Mina E., born June 4, 1868; Nora F., born December 1, 1870; William E., born January 31, 1874; and Herbert, born January 9, 1861, and died March 4, 1865. Jeremiah H. Service. The best security is, after all, individual integrity and personal responsibility, for, however strict laws have been made, it has too often been shown that some one has turned out sharp enough to beat them. So-called private banks, though comparatively few, are yet useful spokes in the wheel of com- mercial relations, and one of the strongest buttresses of social happiness. They are unrestricted in their manner of doing business, and their operations rest entirely upon the judgment of their owners and officials. In various ways they can satisfy the public easier than institutions which are bound down by laws, and to-day the largest banks in the world are private banks, and the individual loaner is, and has always been, the principal lubricator of the engines of commerce. As a striking example of this summary, the bank which is conducted under the title of Service & Son may be mentioned, the place of its location being New Carlisle, Ind. Mr. Ser- vice was born in Herkimer county, N. Y., November 15, 1812, his native town being Norway. He comes of a highly respected and well-known family, being the eldest son and second child in a family of four children born to Philip and Clara (Hall) Service, the former of whom was born in New Jersey in 1788, being one of the fol- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 531 lowing children: William, Philip, Eva, Mary and Elizabeth, born to William and Sophia (Young) Service, who were also natives of New Jersey, the former being a son of German parents, who came to this country and settled in the State of New Jersey, from which State William Service enlisted in the Revolutionary war, serving in the continental army. Upon his removal to New York State he took up his resi- dence in Schoharie county, and about 1800 became a resident of Herkimer county. He died in that county some years ago, having been a public-spirited citizen, and a farmer by occupation. His children grew to honorable maturity, reared families, some of them quite large, and nearly all died when quite advanced in years. The grandmother was a native of Germany, came to this country at an early day, and died in the State of New York. William Service was an old line Whig and a man of unblemished reputation. Philip Service removed to the State of New York with his parents, and having been brought upon a farm, he followed that calling through- out life and died at his home in the Empire State in 1863. He was drafted in the War of 1812, but sent a substitute and devoted his attention to his farm. He was first an old line Whig in politics, but afterward became a Republican, and supported the principles up to the time of his death. His wife was a daughter of Jeremiah Hall, who was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and an early and prominent resident of Herkimer county, who was a stanch supporter of the Whig party. Mrs. Service was born in Herkimer county, N. Y. , and was there called from life in 1828, having become the mother of four children: Mary, who became Mrs. Jacob Edbirt, has been dead many years; Jeremiah, the subject of this sketch; Harriet M. , who became the .wife of Moses W. Frazier, died about two years ago; and Clarissa, who is the deceased wife of John Frazier. Jeremiah Service was reared in the county of his birth, and on the old homestead he learned habits of industry and energy which were of great use to him when he started out in life for himself. His education was obtained in the district schools, and, like most farmers' boys of his day, he only attended during the winter months, but fortunately afterward for sometime attended the grammar school of Syracuse, N. Y. At the age of twenty years he began to make his own way in the world and for four years thereafter worked on a dairy farm in New York. He then turned his footsteps westward, and during the two years that he spent in Huron county, Ohio, he taught school during the winter, and worked as a farm hand during the summer months, and in a brick yard. On April 12, 1837, he found himself in St. Joseph county, Ind. , and that season made some of the first brick that was ever manufactured in this section. He followed this calling two years, then made a short visit to his old home in New York, after which he returned to this section where his home has been, with the exception of from 1843 to 1846, when he lived at Buchanan, Mich. After selling his brick yard he opened a general store at a small town called Hamilton, in Olive township, then resided three years in Michigan, but since 1846 has been an active and influential business man of New Carlisle. Upon retiring from the mercantile business in 1867 he established a bank which has been in successful operation ever since, and is estab- lished on a sound basis. He has ever been a far-seeing man of business, and is well known as one of the most prominent Isusiness men of the county, and in politics has ever been a strong Whig and Republican. His intelligent views on all subjects, his honorable methods of conducting his business affairs and his agreeable and courteous manners led to his election to the State Legislature from St. Joseph county, in 1852, and for one term he discharged his duties iu a faithful and able manner. Healsoheld the office of justice of the peace for four years in early times, and when at Terra Coupee served " Uncle Sam " faithfully as postmaster. As a business man he has been remarkably successful, and since 1880 he has " kept the faith " in the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is now trustee. He is a member of the A. F. & A. M. lodge, of New Carlisle, No. 204, and for a number of years has been com- mander of the same. He is very public spirited and has ever manifested much inter- est iu educational work, and for a number of terms has been a trustee of the school 532 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of New Carlisle. June 24, 1847, he was married to Miss Sarah A. Flanegin, who was born in Butler county, Ohio, March 12, 1822, a daughter of Hugh C. and Mary (Jones) Flanegin, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania, was an early pioneer of Butler county and became a resident of St. Joseph county, Ind., in 1834, locating on a farm in the northern part of Olive township. He was a Whig in pol- itics, a man prominent in public affairs, held the office of justice of the peace, and in an early day represented St. Joseph county in the State Legislature. He was a charter member of South Bend Lodge, No. 45, of the A. F. & A. M. He was killed by lightning in 1846, his widow surviving him until 1884, when she died at New Car- lisle. She was born in Butler county, Ohio, a daughter of William Jones, a native of Wales, whose wife, Sarah, was also from that country. Hugh C. Flanegin and wife became the parents of the following children: Sarah A., the wife of Mr. Service; Laura, who is Mrs. Vaughn, of Greeley, Iowa; Caroline, who is Mrs. Sparks, of Buchanan, Mich. ; Adaline, who is Mrs. Druluier, of La Porte county, Ind.; William T. , who is living in New Carlisle; Marcella became a Mis. Perkins and is now dead; Joseph P. is living in New Carlisle, and Charles, who was a soldier in the Second Colorado Regiment, was killed during Price's raid. Mr. and Mrs. Service are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have many friends throughout the sec- tion in which they reside. Their children are: George H. , born June 17, 1848, is a leading merchant of New Carlisle; Mary J., born August 4, 1850, is the wife of Charles Walverton, of South Bend, by whom she has three children: Hattie E., Walter J. and Clarence; Hattie was born in 1861, and died at the age of two years; Carrie M. was born April 6, 1857, is married to Edward H. Harris, a groceryman of New Carlisle, and John C, who was born January 21, 1859. George H. Service, one of the above-named children, has the principal charge of the banking and mer- cantile business of Service & Son, and he may in every respect be said to be a " chip of the old block," for he is enterprising, energetic, a shrewd financier but thoroughly reliable and honorable. He was brought up in the mercantile and banking business, but received fair educational advantages in the district schools of Terre Coupee and in Bryant & Stratton's Business College of Chicago. In 1867 he assumed the man- agement of the mercantile store belonging to his father, which has been under his capable control over since. It is one of the leading establishments of New Carlisle, and the annual business done is large. He assisted in organizing the New Carlisle Bank in 1873, in which he has an interest, and aside from this and his mercantile business, he is interested in buying all kinds of grain, especially wheat. Politically he has always been a Republican, is interested in the affairs of his section, and is a member of the city council and the city school lioard. Socially he belongs to the A. F. & A. M. of New Carlisle Lodge, No. 204. He was married in 1876 to Mary J. Howe, of La Porte, Ind., who was born there May 1, 1850, a daughter of Robert B. and Mary (Spaulding) Howe, which family came from Pennsylvania, the father being one of the first merchants of La Porte for many years. He died in 1890, his widow still surviving him. To them were born seven children: Robert A., who lives in Oakland, Cal. ; William H. , a real estate man of Kansas City; James A., who is book-keeper in the Chicago, Burlington & Northern Railroad officeof Chicago; Charles D., a physician of Pullman, 111. ; Mary (Mrs. Service); Lizzie, who died at the age of twenty-three years; Kittie, who is a type-writer operator in the office of the La Porte Carriage Company. Mr. and Mrs. George Service have three children: Clara L., born April 4, 1877; Anna S., born in 1880, and Lizzie M., born in 1882. Mr. Ser- vice and his wife are members of the Baptist Church, and are leaders in the social circles of New Carlisle. EoMaND Michael (deceased). The sketch here given is that of a former citizen and resident of Baugo township, Elkhart county, Ind., and is a tribute paid to his many virtues and to the lesson which, as a father, he impresses upon the minds of his children by the example of a noble and honorable life, which, although it was fraught with hard labor and patient industry, was a model to his heirs of the sterling MEMOIRS OF lyniAyA. 533 qualities that characterized a man who lived nearer to nature in its purity than to the artifices of society. His death, which occurred ou the '25th of January, 1869, was the occasion of universal sorrow, for all felt the loss sustained by the departure of such a man. Mr. Michael was born in the Buckeye State, Miami county, Febru- ary 27, 1820, and is a sou of Solomou and Sarah (Jacobs) Michael, natives of the Old North State. At a very early date the parents moved to Miami county, Ohio, and were among the pioneers of that county, experiencing all the hardships and privations of the early settlers. In 1830 they removed to Indiana, settled in St. Joseph county, on the banks of the river of that name, and there entered eighty acres of land. Upon this they erected a rude log cabin, and here passed the remainder of their days, the father dying about 1848 and the moth»>r in 1854. They were honest, upright citizens and an honor to any community. Our subject was ten years of age when his parents came to St. Joseph county, and there he finished his growth. He was early inui'ed to hard labor, for he assisted his father in clearing the farm and set- ling the county. His educational advantages were of course sadly neglected and he never attended school more than one day in his life. Being possessed of a naturally quick mind and a fertile brain, and being a man of observation, he became as well post ed perhaps as many men who have had much better advantages. On the 1st of March, 1840, he was married in St. Joseph county to Miss Eliza Noffsiuger, a native o Ohio, born June 14, 1818, and the daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Syler) Noff- einger, natives of the Old Dominion, who settled in Dart county, Ohio, at an early date. Mr. and Mrs. Noffsinger cleared a farm in the wilderness and resided on this for many years. In 1830 they removed to Elkhart county, lud. , and on December 27 settled in Baugo township where they entered 240 acres of land. In the spring of that year Mr. Noffsinger had cleared about four acres, planted some corn, and erected a log cabin, 12x12 feet, into which he moved his family on the 5th of August. Here the family lived for many years, improving the land and making a home. Mrs. Noffsinger died in 1856, and in June, 1859, he followed her to the grave. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Michael they settled on eighty acres of land presented to Mrs. Michael by her father (where J. Proudfit now lives) und here they made their home for several years. They tlien disposed of the firm and pur- chased the property where Mrs. Michael now resides. The following children were given Mr. and Mrs. Michael: William, Jonathan (deceased), Jacob (deceased), Joseph (deceased), Elizabeth (deceased), Mary J. (deceased), Anu N. and Ada. at home. When the war cloud hung darkly over the nation Mr. Michael enlisted in Company F, Forty-eighth Indiana "Volunteer Infantry, 1862, and participated in the battles of Corinth and Pittsburg Lauding. He served about nine months, when an accident occurred which eventually resulted in his death. He was a consistent Christian, a kind father and loving husband. Mrs. Michael has 120 acres of land, about fifteen of which are timber. She is a member of the Baptist Church and a lady possessed of many womanly virtues. Asa Kxott (deceased). The name which is here given was for many years counted as among the leading farmers and business men of St. Joseph county, and although he has now passed from earth's activities it is but just and satisfactory that his life's narrative be recounted among those who have done excellent service in subduing the wilderness and l)ringiug it into its present splendid condition physic- ally, morally and socially. Born in Greene county, Ohio, May 27, 1834, he was brought to St. Joseph county, Ind., when but four years of age, the names of his father and mother being David and Margaret (Brearley) Knott, who were born in New Jersey, and who emigrated to Ohio in an early day. In 1838 they settled in Greene township, at which time the country was wild and unimproved, populated by Indians, wolves and panthers; but while growing up Mr. Knott saw it transformed from a wild state to a thickly peopled region and magnificent farms. He obtained a fair education, and after reaching manhood followed lumbering in Marshall county for some time. He then returned and purchased the home farm and commenced 534 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL farming and dealing in live stock and real estate, which business he continued through life. On January 7, 1868, he was united in marriage to Miss Caroline E. DuiBald of South Bend, and to their union live children were given: Charles, born January 16, 1869; William D., born August 25, 1870; AsaG., born July 13, 1873, and is now deceased; Nellie, born November 19, 1878; and Robert, born November 9, 1886, and is deceased. Mr. Knott was the owner of 1,200 acres of land 1,000 of which was under cultivation. He also owned the 100-barrel flouring mill and grain elevator at Walkerton, Ind. , which he operated with the help of his two sons, and which did a large and flourishing business. On the organization of the Forty- eighth Indiana Volunteers during the Civil war, Mr. Knott was chosen first lieuten- ant of Company B., and while doing his duty in the service of his country contracted the diseases which afterward caused his death. He was one of the organizers and tir.9t treasurer of the Farmers Mutual Fire Insurance Company, and was afterward elected president, which ofSce he held until his death which occurred February 23, 1891. Mr. Knott was, along with the late Judge Stanfield, drainage commissioner, and during their term of office they reclaimed over 25,000 acres of marsh and swamp land in St. Joseph county. Although not a candidate for office Mr. Knott was an influential and loyal Republican and always helped to develop a healthy public sentiment. He was prominent in Grange and G. A. R. , circles, and always ready to assist in any liberal and public-spirited movement. He was a man of strong character, sound judgment, and his integrity was unimpeachable, and he set an example of honor and industry that all will do well to emulate. JoH.\NN K. Boss. The material for the manufacture of first class, durable brick for building and paving purposes in and around Elkhart is inexhaustible, and there are a number of old and established yards in and around the city. One of the most noted and successful concerns in the county, extensively engaged in the manufacture of brick of all kinds, is that conducted by Johann K. Boss and located in Baugo township, on the banks of the St. Joseph river, Section 11. This flourishing indus- try has been established for many years and the brick is unrivaled for durability, finish and uniform excellence, and is a general favorite with our leading contractors and builders. An immense stock of choicest brick is constantly on hand and every effort is made to give complete satisfaction to patrons. Mr. Boss engaged in the manufacture of brick on the present site in 1881, although he had studied this industry for many years and had established a manufactory of this nature in Baugo township as early as 1871. He has all the latest improved machinery for the suc- cessful manufacture of pressed brick on a large scale, including a machine with a capacity of 50,000 per day, but the demands of the market at present do not require the making of only about one-half that amount and about sixteen men are employed. For a number of years Mr. Boss has carried on an immense business, the average output for the past ten years exceeding 2,500,000 bricks per year. During the years from 1883 to 1886 the output exceeded 3,000,000. The present season has been a very trying one for the business (1892), making it impossible to fill all orders. Mr. Boss was born amid the beautiful scenes of the Alps mountains, Switzerland, August 9, 1831, and his parents. Christian Boss and Anna Boss, were natives of that country also. Born of poor but honest parents, our subject had very limited educational advantages and was reared to labor early and late on a farm and to practice the most rigid economy in order to gain a livelihood. The principles thus instilled into his youthful mind have followed him closely through life, winning for him victories at critical periods, and bringing him bravely to the front. Having arrived at the age of twenty years and realizing the meager advantages offered in his native land for the acquirement of a home, he decided to cross the ocean and seek his fortune in the land of untold possibilities to the energetic, persevering student of industry and of which he had heard so much. At the time of his departure, April 14, 1851, his capital stock consisted of a faithful dog which he had raised and which he disposed of for $4. Through the generosity of an uncle he was enabled to secure MEMOIliS OF INDIANA. 585 passage to America and with this uncle lauded in New York City a few weeks after taking passage. In consideration for the expense his voyage cost his nncle, young Boss was to give him his services until the debt was wiped out. Owing to the care- ful attention and consideration he manifested toward his uncle during the voyage, that gentleman generously donated the expenses of the trip and informed our suject that he could consider himself free to act for himself. Upon arriving in the city of New York this hopeful young man had about 10 cents in money and he immediately invested that in a straw hat. Later, in company with his uncle, he came to , Indiana, which was then the terminus of the railroad. An overland trip was then made to Kosciusko county, our subject walking the entire distance, about sixty miles. Six months later he came to Elkhart county and worked at what- ever employment he could find. In 1852 he began working in a brick yard and here laid the foundation for his subsequent prosperous career. He applied himself ener- getically and became thoroughly conversant with every detail of the business. He began as general utility man and, gradually progressing, was given an opportunity to take a hand at the molds. He made 6,000 bricks by hand the first day, and eince that time he has made millions of them. In 1863, in company with a brother, he invested in sixty acres of land in Concord township. On this property he labored at night, being employed during the day in the rail shops at Elkhart at $1.10 per day and the money thus earned enabled him to pay the balance on his farm. Dur- ing the summer of 1863 he cultivated twenty acres of corn, two acres of potatoes and performed all the work by hand after returning from his labors of the day at Elk- hart. His energy was unbounded and he was gifted with an endurance and consti- tution seldom bestowed upon man. In this way he made a start, being a careful, economical and persevering student of all that he undertook. His parents, having come to America in 1862 and being advanced in years, now made their home with our subject. The father was born November 22, 1795, and the date of his mother's birth was Jane 2, 1798. They were married June 20, 1820. Their lives were spared but a short time after coming to the States. A strange coincidence occurred in connection with the death of the father, which took place December 31, 1863. On October 19 of that year Christian Boss attended the funeral of a brother and on returning from the same made the remark that he was the last of the family and would not live to see the new year ushered in. He was advanced in years, quite feeble, and the middle of the following December found him in bed with the premo- nition that his life was fast ebbing away. While not suffering from disease of any kind he steadfastly refused to have medical attendance, sincerely believing that he was past the aid of human help. From that time on his decline was rapid, all his strength and vitality passing away from him, and in the last hours of the last month of the year his predictions were fulfilled. He passed quietly and peacefully away. Dur- ing the early days of our subject's farming experience he had but few implements for carrying on the work and the stock on the place consisted of one horse and a cow. On many occasions when the work was too severe for the horse he would call into requisition the services of the cow and drive them together. Mr. Boss recalls an incident when he took a load of wood to Elkhart with this oddly improvised team. The sight of it caused great amusement for the town people, especially the children, who followed him about the street in great glee. The principal event of his life took place January 10. 1864, when he was united in marriage to Mrs. Julia A. Reid- meyer, whose husband had been killed on the railroad, leaving her with five children to provide for. She has proven a helpmate, indeed, to her husband, and to her economy, untiring assistance and co-operation in hours that were darkest, Mr. Boss attributes his success. Four sons have been born to them: Jacob, Albert, J. C. Christian and Edward A. In 1871 Mr. Boss engaged in the manufacture of brick, purchasing five acres of land in Section 11, Baugo township, at a cost of $1,000. He borrowed the money and mortgaged his farm for this. For seven years he made brick by hand and then invested in a small machine. Three years later a larger 536 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL machine was found necessary, which he added at an expense of $1,000 cash. In 1882 the demands of the time called for increased facilities and be purchased the machine which he uses at present and which is valued at $2,000, with a capacity of 50,000 briclis per day. At this time he also purchased eight and one- fourth acres of land, on which is an almost inexhaustible supply of superior clay and where his manufacturing interests are now located. Since Mr. Boss engaged in the manufact- ure of brick with modern appliances his advancement has been rapid, and he has been eminently successful in this business. In 1880 he was |4,000 in debt, but since that time he has not only paid off all debts contracted, but has kept abreast of the demands of the times in the purchase of modern machinery; has purchased 188 acres of fine land aud is entirely free from encumbrances of any character. He has also been a generous and indulgent father to all his children and for seven years gave his three step- sons a comfortable home and $500 cash each year. At the time of their marriage he presented each of them with .flOU in gold, over $10,000 being disbursed in this way. He is equally generous to his own children who are still with him, enjoying the comforts and benefits of a model home, a modern two-story brick residence having been erected. Mr. and Mrs. Boss are consistent members of the Evangelical Church and in politics Mr. Bo^s is a Democrat. He is a loyal, patriotic citizen iu all that the word implies and blesses the day that inspired him to come to this country. He ardently believes that there is no other such country on the face of the globe. Solomon Stump. Among the representative and venerable citizens of Elkhart county, and one who is a splendid type of the enterprise, industry and self-reliance of the early Indiana pioneer, it is a pleasure to introduce to the readers of this volume the subject of this sketch. More than half a century ago he braved the dangers, trials and privations of pioneer life in order to establish a home and competency for his grow- ing family, and where now are waving fields of grain then stood the mighty monarch of the forest. He was born in Canada August 26, 1830, being the tenth of thirteen children reared by Daniel aud Sally (Smith) Stump, the father having been born in Pennsylvania, May 1, 1790. and died at the advanced age of eighty-seven years, in Elkhart county. His parents, Abraham and Mary (Meekley) Stump reared a fam- ily of two daughters and six sons, and at the time of their removal to Canada Daniel was only fourteen years old. He was reared on British soil with his brothers and sisters whose names are as follows: Solomon, David, Samuel, Jacob, Joseph, Lizzie and Susan, he being the second of the family. Upon reaching man's estate he was married, and in 1838 moved to Elkhart county, Ind. , making the journey thither by wagon, as did many other Canadian families, and as he bad been brought up to a knowledge of farming it was but natural that he should devote his attention to that calling upon taking up his residence in this section. His marriage with Miss Smith resulted in the birth of the following children: John, who is farming in Kosciusko county, has a large family; Mariah, who married Joshua Yoder, who is deceased; Abraham is also deceased; Samuel, deceased; Jacob is living in Ne- braska; Daniel, deceased; Susan, Joseph and Benjamin died in Canada; Solomon; Sally, now Mrs. Brown, of Union township; Jonathan; Noah is farming iu Noble county. Upon the arrival of the Stump family in this section they settled on the farm on which the subject of this sketch is residing, and they began energetically to clear the land and break the soil. They erected a log house with a puncheon floor, and they had considerable means upon coming here. The early life here was not marked with as many hardships as usually fall to the lot of the pioneer settler, al- though they had to put up with many inconveniences and were compelled to labor early and late in order to clear the large amount of land which they owned, which consisted of thirteen eighty-acre tracts. The founder of the family in this section paid the last debt of nature on May 7, 1877, having for many years been a bishop of the River Brethren Church, having charge of a circuit at the time of his death. Although Solomon Stump was born and spent the first eight years of his MEMOIltiS OF INDIANA. 537 life under the protection of the British lion, he is nevertheless a patriotic son of Uncle Sam, and since becoming a resident of Elkhart county he has identified him- self with her every interest and has ever cast his influence on the side of justice and right. He is a public-spirited man, and during the fifty-four years that he has been a resident of this county, naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor. He has witnessed the growth of the country from a primitive wilderness to its present flourishing agricultural condition, and has done his full share in bringing about this most desirable result. He was twenty-six years of age when he was married to Mary Troup, who was a native of the county, born in 1836, and their union result- ed in the birth of four children: Ephraim, Sally, Susan and Jesse. Ephraim married Margaret Wiltfong; Sally married Jacob D. Pippenger, and Susan mar- ried Chris. Umbaught. The mother of these children died November 24, 1883, and for his second wife Mr. Stump took Eliza Borger, July 19, 1885, her birth having occurred in Lancaster county, Penn., April 22, 1837, a daughter of Philip and Saloma (Slussen) Borger, Pennsylvanians, who are both now deceased. Their family consisted of ten children: Netta (deceased), Amelia, Mary, Lydia (de- ceased), Jacob, Eli, Esther, Eliza, Macine and Caroline. Solomon Stump remained with his father until the death of the latter, when the estate was divided up and eighty acres surrounding the old home fell to his share, each of his other children falling heir to alike amount. He and his worthy wife have ever been observant of all the amenities consistent with their sphere and position in life and have always been noted for their generosity and largeness of heart. Mr. Stump has always been prudent and wisely economical in his manner of living and now is enabled to enjoy the fruits of his early labor and of a life well spent. Ephraim Stdmp is the eldest son of Solomon Stump. He was born on the home farm in Elkhart county, Ind., October 2, 1857, where he was reared to manhood and received his education in what is known as the Stump school, which was in the vicinity of his home. He remained with his father until he reached manhood, and in 1887 began farming for himself on the place where he now lives, which consists of eighty acres. In 1888 he united his fortunes with those of Margaret Wiltfong who was born in Olive township of this county on September 20, 1864, a daughter of Elias and Anna B. Wiltfong, being the second daughter of the family that con- sisted of four children: Kate, Margaret, Susan (who died at the age of two years) and Nancy. Soon after their marriage Ephraim Stump and wife began bending their energies to the improvement of their home, and since then he has been rea- sonably successful as a general farmer. He has a fertile tract of sixty-eight acres under cultivation, and if it is very carefully tilled it will yield as large an income as the general average farms; the rest of his land is covered with timber and is con- sidered valuable. Mr. Stump's union has resulted in the birth of two children: Herman who was born December 26, 1888, and Mary A., born August 12, 1890. Daniel Bechtel (deceased). Among the noble men of Elkhart county, Ind., who fulfilled their destiny and are now no more, may be mentioned Daniel Bechtel, whose walk through life was characterized by the most honorable business methods, by his devotion to his family, and by the interest he took in the welfare of his fellow men. He was the founder of one of the most prominent families in the county, and although the history of this section is tilled with the deeds and doings of self made men, no one in Elkhart county is more deserving the appellation than Mr. Bechtel, for he marked out his own career in youth and steadily followed it up to the time of his death, which occurred in Harrison township, this county, June 16, 1890. He was born in Huntington county, Peun., October 15, 1822, and was the only child born to the union of Henry and Barbara Bechtel. Henry Bechtel's parents were born in Germany, but at an early date crossed the ocean to the "land of the free" and settled in the Keystone State, where Henry was born. The latter was an early pioneer of Huntington county, was highly respected as an upright, honorable citi- zen, and reared his five children to be esteemed and respected citizens. He was 538 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL twice married, the mother of our subject dying when the latter was but a child, and Mr. Bechtel became the father of four children by a subsequent marriage. These children are all living, reside in Blair county, Penn. , and are named as follows: Susan, Barbara, Mary and John; all are honest, upright citizens. Daniel Bechtel was reared on the old home place in Pennsylvania and there learned habits of indus- try that remained with him through life. Early taught the duties of the farm, he continued to discharge them on the home place until the age of twenty one, when he married. Soon after this he emigrated to the Buckeye State, settled in Stark county, and there resided for a year and a half. In 1854 he emigrated to Elkhart county, lud., and bought eighty acres of land, on which he settled and lived a pioneer life until he succeeded in clearing the land, which was covered with timber. This took years to accomplish, and as he had very little means to start with, he went in debt for the first laud he bought. By much hard work and any amount of perse- verance he succeeded in clearing his farm and converting it into one of the finest ones in the township. So well did he manage his agricultural affairs that he not only paid off all his indebtedaess, but bought more land, and at the time of his death owned a very large estate — over 500 acres — and was worth about $75,000. He remained on the old home place until about 1884, when he moved to one of his other farms near the original tract. His wife is still living and resides on this place. Mr. Bechtel was a man possessed of generous, true-hearted and hospitable instincts, and being kind and sociable in disposition he won numerous friends and rarely lost them. He was very liberal with his means in contributing to enterprises of worth, and be- ing a man of intellect, who kept himself thoroughly posted on the current topics of the day, his wealth was used to a good advantage. He was married in Pennsylvania to Miss Sarah Neterer, a native of Pennsylvania, born in Bedford county, October 21, 1821, and the daughter of Jeremiah and Peggie (Rouderbuck) Neterer. Mr. Neterer was a prominent man in Pennsylvania and made a good citizen. The mother was born in the same State and died there when about thirty-five years of age. She was the mother of five living children: Michael, Levi, Samuel. Sarah and Mary. The father was married the second time and two children were born to this union: Elizabeth, and one who died in infancy. Of these children the only ones now liv- ing are Mrs. Bechtel and Samuel. The parents of Mrs. Bechtel were born in Bedford county, Penn., the former the son of Jacob Neterer and the latter the daughter of Michael Rouderbuck. Both families were early settlers of that county, very prominent people, and of German descent. Mr. Neterer died in Pennsylvania in 1865, when seventy-six years of age. He had followed the occupation of a farmer all his life, was a member of the Dunkard Church, and in politics a Dem- ocrat. Mrs. Bechtel spent her early life in Pennsylvania and after marriage emi- grated to Ohio. Nine children were born to her marriage, six of whom are living: M.-jry A., who died at the age of fifteen years; Samuel, who died in July, 1887 (see sketch); Henry; Jeremiah; John; David (see sketch of all); Caroline, married Henry Nye and died in 1886, leaving five children; Louella; Sadie; Amanda; Daniel and Rosa. Sarah married Mr. McDonald and Amanda married Wilson Starbaugh (see sketch). Mrs. Bechtel is now seventy years of age, is an intelligent and well-posted lady, and by her many womanly qualities of mind and heart has won a host of warm friends. Her children are all worthy citizens and classed among the best people of the county. She has attended 130 births in the county, and most of these in the neighborhood where she lives. Samuel Bechtel (deceased). It is always a pleasure to deal with the history of one who is a member of one of those grand old families who have for generations been distinguished for patriotism, the genuine spirit of Christianity and the strong characteristics which have made them men of mark. Samuel Bechtel was born in Blair county, Penn., December 27, 1844, and was a descendant of one of the repre- sentative families of Elkhart county, lud. He was the eldest son born to Daniel Bechtel (see sketch), and when but a boy was brought by his parents to Elkhart MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 539 county and reared amid the pioneer Burroundings of Harrison township. He obtained a good business education in the common schools of that township, but being of a studious turn of mind, he was mainly self-ediicated, all his spare time being spent with his books. He was a man possessed of excellent business acumen, generous, true-hearted and hospitable instincts, and, being kind and sociable in disposition, he ■won numerous friends and rarely lost them. His death, which occurred July 1, 1887, was the occasion of universal sorrow, for all felt the loss to be sustained by the departure of such a friend. As a business man he had few equals and, although he was self-made and started at the bottom of the ladder, he climbed to the top round of success in social and business circles. When the tocsin of war sounded to arms during the late unpleasantness between the North and South our subject donned his suit of blue, shouldered his musket and August 13, 1862, enlisted in Company E, Seventy-Fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. The only time he ever disobeyed his father was when he enlisted. He served until June 9, 1865, and was then dis- charged at Washington, D. C. He was a good and faithful soldier, participated in man}' battles and was wounded once in the hand. A prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, he was much interested in this order and was a member of the lodge of Nappauee at the time of his death. He was also a member of the G. A. R. lodge. For eleven years before his death he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and assisted in building the new church at Nappanee. He took a great interest in all worthy movements and none were allowed to fail for want of support on his part. In 188-1 he and his father and brother Henry established the Farmers' & Traders' Bank of Nappanee, the first bank in that town, and it is now owned by Samuel Coppes & Son. This he operated successfully until his death. Mr. Bechtel was a shrewd, far-seeing business man, a banker of the soundest judgment and a public spirited and progressive citizen. He made a good property and at the time of his death left a large estate of land and town property. He was accidentally killed in a gravel bank near Nappanee. May 1, 1877, he was married to Miss Mary Myers, a native of Hillsdale, Mich., born July ]3, 1854, and a daughter of Andrew and Rosena (Negline) Myers, both natives of Germany. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Myers came to this country and settled in Michigan, where they lived at Hillsdale. Shortly after the birth of their daughter Mary they moved to Elkhart county, settling in Goshen. Since that time Mr. Myers has been a resident of this county. He was the father of six children, as follows: John G. S. Myers, M. D., who is well known in Indiana; George F., a resident of Indiana; Anna L., wife of Frank Plank of New Paris, Elkhart county; M , the wife of Jacob Nald, of Nappanee; Andrew, resid- ing in Chicago and Mrs. Bechtel. The latter was a child when she came to this county and has passed nearly all her life in Goshen. She taught in the schools of that town for some time and is a woman of fine character and much learning. After marriage she and her husband made their home in Goshen until 1884, when they moved to Nappanee and there resided until the death of Mr. Bechtel, when she returned with her children to Goshen. The children are named as follows: Daniel M. , born November 12, 1878, attending school; Esther, born December 18, 1880; Joy G., born May 23, 1884; Samuel B. , born June 30, 1886, and died September 13, 1887. Mrs. Bechtel believes in the Christian religion, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is a regular attendant at its services. John Bechtel is not only a gentleman in every sense of the word but as a busi- ness man is shrewd, practical and far-seeing, well qualified to discharge the nec- essary duties of life and well adapted to the active life he has led. He comes of one of the finest families of the county, being next to the youngest brother born to Daniel and Sarah (Neterer) Bechtel, whose sketch precedes this. He is a product of the county in which he now resides, his natal day occurring on June 11, 1854, on the old family homestead in Harrison township, on which his brother-in-law, Martin McDonald, is now residing. The common country schools in the vicinity of his home furnished him with a fair education, but the general routine of his life 540 PICTORIAL AND BIOOBAPHICAL did not differ materially from that of the average farmer's boy, for his winters were thus spent in his efforts to secure an education and his summers in assisting on the home farm. He remained with his father until he was twenty-five years of age, then started out to do for himself and with his brother Jeremiah, began working in the saw mill in Union township. During the four years that he followed this occupation his efforts were crowned with success, but at the end of that time he purchased ninety acres where he now lives, which even then was a well- improved place. The work of farming has proved a congenial occupation to him, and as he is of a very energetic temperament, his worldly possessions have continued to in- crease in size, until he is now regarded as one of the wealthy farmers of the town- ship. He also gives a considerable portion of bis attention to the raising of cattle and especially sheep, an occupation for which his farm seems well adapted, and for which he seems to have a decided taste. He has always taken an active part in politics, has held the ofBce of Justice of the peace for four years and was re- elected, but not caring to devote his time to the oifice did not qualify. As he has always been interested in the public-school question, he has been appointed by the court, on various occasions, as trustee for different heirs and guardians. His success in life is owing to his own push and enterprise and also to the fact that in his vocabulary there is no such word as fail. He is a man whom to know is to honor, and his numerous friends testify to his many worthy qualities as a citizen, friend and neighbor. In the fall of 188-4 he united his fortunes with those of Miss Susan Clouse, who was born in Harrison township, Elkhart Co., Ind., December 6, 1863, and in this county grew to womanhood. She is the mother of one daughter, Myrtle, who was born on June 17, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Bechtel may well be classed among the prominent young people of the county, for they are well known and com- mand respect from all who have the honor of their acquaintance. They have a very fine farm and the improvements thereon are much above the average, being a very substantial and attractive kind. They have a large brick residence, a fine and com- modious bank barn which will hold a large amount of hay and grain and will accom- modate a great deal of his stock. Mrs. Bechtel is the daughter of Daniel and Mary (Jones) Clouse, the former of whom is now a resident of Kosciusko county, Ind., and is residing on a farm near Milford. Daniel was born in Pennsylvania to John and Susan Clouse, also of that State, who early became residents of Ohio and later of Elkhart county, Ind. Daniel was one of ninechildren: Sarah, Susan, Mary, Daniel, Benjamin, AVilliam, Lina, Laviua and Rebecca. In the State of Ohio Daniel Clause and Mary Jones were married, after which they removed to Elkhart county, Ind., and for many years resided in Harrison township on a farm, but later took up their residence in Kosciusko county. They had a family of three sons and four daughters: Eliza, Caroline, Chauncey, Joseph, Noah, Susan (Mrs. Bechtel), Melissa. Mrs. Clouse is a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Humenell) Jones, who were early- settlers of Madison county, Ohio, and the parents of sis children: Mary, Levi, Henry, Eliza, David and Daniel. Mr. and Mrs. Jones have been residents of Harrison township, Elkhart county for many years and have long been members of the Mennonite Church. Mr. and Mrs. Clouse lived in Ohio for some years, but have long been residents of Elkhart county, and here reared their family of ten children: Eliza, who married Louis Clipp, a well-to-do farmer, has six children; Caroline, wife of David Greenham, of Nappanee, has eleven children; John, died at the age of fifteen years; Chauucy is a farmer of Kosciusko county, is married and has three children; Joseph is living in the same county, is married and has two children; Noah lives there also, and he and his wife have one child; Daniel died at the age of two years; Susan is the wife of John Bechtel and was born on December 6, 1863; Melissa is the wife of Milton Brumbaugh, has two children; and Lewis who died at the age of eighteen months. The parents of these children are still living on a farm and are in the enjoyment of a large circle of friends. Mr. Clouse is a Democrat, politically, and has always manifested much interest in the development of his section. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 541 Henry Bechtel. There is something essentially American in the life and character of the gentleman who is the subject of this sketch. The United States has given rare opportunities to men with courage, honesty of purpose, integrity and energy, to achieve success. The bulk of the men who have legitimately achieved fortune have been men with the above characteristics, and Mr. Bechtel is sui generis one of that stamp. His success as a business man and citizen has come of his devotion to right and his tenacity of purpose. There is no man in Elkhart county, Ind., who stands higher in the estimation of the people, both in business and social circles, than he, and no man has done more to advance the interest of the county. Mr. Bechtel was the third child and second son born to Daniel Bechtel (see sketch), his birth occurring in Blair county, Penn., April 6, 1846, and was only a child when his parents made the trip to the Buckeye State. Later they moved to Elkhart county,Ind., and he there gained a practical education in the district school -if Harrison township, but much of his time was given to clearing the farm, for he was put to work as soon as possible. Until twenty-one years of age he labored manfully on his father's farm, clearing and grubbing in the woods, thus gaining a thorough knowledge of the lumber trade; and the only break in this monotonous employment was when he enlisted in the army when seventeen years of age. He went out to service in Company D, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, was in active duty for 100 days, the term of his enlistment, and was then discharged. Six days later he re- enlisted in Company D, Thirty-fifth Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served twelve months, taking part in a number of hard-fought battles and many skirmishes. His first engagement was at Pulaski, Tenn. Later he was in the bloody battle of Franklin, Tenn., and in the battle of Nashville, that State. Upon his second enlistment he was promoted to corporal, and held that position until cessation of hostilities. He was a brave and gallant officer, was ever to be found at the front and discharged his duties in an able and most efficient manner. He was never wounded or taken prisoner. His discharge was received in Texas at the close of the war and he returned home, where he remained with his parents until twenty-one years of age. He was one of the youngest soldiers from Elkhart county, and his conductduring that trying period is spoken of in the highest praise by all his surviving comrades. When he reached his majority Mr. Bechtel started out to fight the battle of life, and after a few years as an agriculturist he branched out in the saw-mill and lumber business. In that he met with excellent success and for twenty years was engaged in that line, but at the same time he embarked in other business enterprises, all of which have netted him substantial results. He has carried on agricultural pursuits in a very successful manner, and as a stockman he has few equals and no superiors in the county. He is now residing in one of the best improved farms in Elkhart county, Harrison township, and since 1888 has been a member of Elkhart County Draft Horse Importing Company. He, in company with John Whisler, Peter Tallens and Emil Goormachtigh, own the Spring Brook Stock Farm, and this company is one of the strongest and most pojjular enterprises in the county. This company is engaged in importing Belgium Draft and German coach horses, and they have a large barn on Spring Brook Farm where they can accommodate several hundred head of horses. Mr. Bechtel is a reliable business man, is held in the most favorable repute, owing to his en- terprise and his upright, honorable business methods. He formerly had an interest in the Farmer's & Trader's Bank at Nappanee, and is now a stockholder in the State Bank of Goshen, organized in 1892. For the past few years he has been en- gaged in many paying enterprises with Mr. John Whisler. Mr. Bechtel is the proprietor of an extensive carriage factory at Wakarusa, managed by John Witmer and there manufactures all kinds of carriages and buggies, also carts, and harness of all kinds. This business under Mr. Bechtel's supervision has grown to be a com- plete success and many hands are employed. In politics our subject supports the principles of the Rspublican party and takes a deep interest in the political issues 542 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL of the day. He has ever been active in his support of all worthy enterprises, and no man has done more toward the improvement and development of the county than he. All his accumulations are the result of his own exertions except what was left by his father at his death, in 1890. In 1867 Mr. Bechtel married Miss Mary Otto, daughter of John and Polly (Price) Otto, who for many years have been residents of Elkhart county, and are now residing in Goshen (see sketch). Mrs. Bechtel was born in Ohio, May 30, 18-18, and died in 1888, having become the mother of six children: Alice M., born August 17, 1888, the wife of John C. Shank, a prominent young farmer of Harrison township, who comes of one of the leading pioneer families of the county and is now residing on the old Shank homestead: Charles I. was born February 1, 1871, and is a book-keeper in the buggy factory owned by his father in Wakarusa; Sarah J. was born August 16, 1873, is an accomplished young lady; Nora G. was born May 2, 1878; Daniel O. was born May 11, 1880; and John H., who was born June 17, 1882. The mother of the children was an earnest Christian, and reared her family to be a credit to her. On December 19, 1891, Mr. Bechtel took for his second wife Amanda J., the daughter of Peter Nusbaum, an old pioneer of the county; and they are living in the enjoyment of many friends and a comfortable income. David Bechtel, the youngest son of Daniel Bechtel, was bom on July 7, 1863, on the old homestead in Harrison township, Elkhart county. He was reared to the life of a farmer's boy, thoroughly learned the practical details of this work, and in the common schools near his home he gained a fair business education. He re- mained with his father assisting in the management of a large farm, and upon the death of the latter the entire management of the place fell upon his shoulders, and found them in every way broad enough to bear their burden. He not only tills 100 acres of his own, but also has the management of a like amount which belongs to his mother. He is a steady, energetic and upright young man and in the conduct of his afEairs has shown that he possesses good business judgment and foresight and is thor- oughly alive to the fact that "The Lord helps him who helps himself. " Politically a Republican, he has taken much interest in the afEairs of his section, and is always found ready to assist enterprises that, according to his excellent judgment, are likely to benefit the section in which he resides. He possesses superior business ability, as the thrifty appearance of his land would indicate, and through his own exertions has made rapid advancement on the road to success. Stockraising is to him one of the most agreeable branches of his line of work, and he is considered one of the intelli- gent stockmen of his section. Through current literature and practical experience he keeps himself well posted in agricultural matters and possesses intelligent views on all matters of general interest. In 1891 he was married to Emma, daughter of Abraham and Louesia (Wehmeyer) Shank, who were early pioneers of Harrison township and are now deceased. Mrs. Bechtel was born February 22, 1866, grew up in Harrison township, obtained a good education in the district schools and being an intelligent and amiable lady, is much admired by all. Mr. and Mrs. Bechtel both sprung from fine old pioneer families, who did much to make the country the fine agricultural region that it is, and have every reason to be proud of their ancestry. They are among the most popular and useful youug residents of the county and are deservedly popular. Professor William H. Sims is one of the prominent educators of northern Indiana, and of Scotch-Irish descent, his father, William Sims, having been born near Glasgow, Scotland, at Kilmanoch, in 1811. The grandfather, James Sims was a mechanic of that village. He married Miss Mary Primrose and became the father of six children: Mary, William, James, Alexander, Robert and Andrew. James Sims was a Scotch Presbyterian, and one of his brothers was connected with the famous rebellion in Scotland. He passed the principal part of his life in his native country, but when quite advanced in years crossed the ocean to America and here received his final summons, dying in Cincinnati on his way to locate in Indiana. MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 545 William Sims, bis son, and the father of our subject, received but limited scholastic advantages in youth, for when quite young he began learning the cooper's trade of his father. When eighteen years of age he braved Neptune's tender mercies and came to America, locating at La Fayette, Ind., where he worked at his trade for some time. lu a short time he entered eighty acres of land in Clinton county, Ind., and on this settled with his widowed mother, who kept house for him until after he had reached the age of twenty-one years, when he married Miss Mary Ferguson daughter of Henry Ferguson. Henry Ferguson was of Irish descent; his immediate ancestors came to America at an early date. Settling in Kentucky he remained there for many years, and then moved to Hamilton county, Ind. He reared a large family. To Mr. and Mrs. Sims were born seven children, as follows: Nancy, James, Robert, Lois, W. H., Mary and Margaret. Mr. Sims had the characteristic Scotch grit and pluck, and by thrift and industry improved his original tract of land until he owned over 300 acres, one of the finest farms in Clinton county. He began with nothing but a knowledge of his trade, a stout heart, hardy constitution, and a determination to succeed. He was a pioneer of Clinton county, one of the county's honorable, upright citizens, and a friend to all good causes, especially to education, giving all his children a good education. His integrity and uprightness were above reproach, and he early impressed all his children with good principles and a love of truth. He naturally possessed a bright intellect, had a great love for literature, and became well informed on all the best writers, especially historical writers, and on all the important events of his day. In politics he was a Democrat until the war, after which he affiliated with the Republican party. He was a strong Union man during the war, and sent one son, Robert M., to the armj\ The latter became first lieuten- ant of Company D, Seventy second Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry — after- ward mounted and armed with Winchester rifles and known as Wilder' s Brigade. The principal business of this brigade was to pursue guerrillas who were annoying the Union troops. Lieut. Sims was wounded in a skirmish with guerrillas in northern Mississippi, and permanently disabled. Prof. W. H. Sims, son of William Sims, was born July 10, 1845, on his father's farm in Clinton county, Ind., and was early trained to farm life. He received the usual district-school education., and sub- sequently attended Union Academy at Lebanon, Ind., for two years. After this he taught school in Clinton county two terms, and then embarked in mercantile pursuits in Thorntown, Boone county, continuing this for about two years. Afterward he attended the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, and then entered upon what has since been his life work — an educator. Prof. Sims was successful from the start, and as an instructor his peculiar capabilities shine forth in their brighest splendor. He was principal of the school at Greenfield, Ind., and afterward princi- pal of the schools at Cambridge City, Ind., for two years. In 1884 became to Goshen and will soon have rounded out a decade as superintendent of the city schools. Prof. Sims has, as is shown by his long stay in Goshen, made teaching a complete success and his untiring energy, unflagging zeal, and ceaseless devotion manifested in the promotion of educational improvements, have been highly appre- ciated. Since coming to Goshen the attendance has increased more than one-fourth. There are about 1,300 pupils. The high school, showing the most marked increase of from sixty to 135 pupils, now employs four teachers instead of two. In 1884 the full number of teachers was twenty- one, but is now thirty-one. One new building has been erected, doubling the capacity, and other buildings have been greatly enlarged. The kindergarten system has been introduced in the primary department, manual training has also been introduced with marked benefit, and an effort will be made to enlarge these departments. Since Prof. Sims has had charge of the schools he has completely abolished the old method of discipline, corporal punishment being abandoned, and finds a better feeling resulting from milder methods, better discipline obtained, and mutual respect is gained. The old feeling that a teacher is a hard and merciless taskmaster is replaced by confidence and a spirit of emulation. 546 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Socially Prof. Sims is a member of the I. O. O. F. Both he and Mrs. Sims are members of the Presbyterian Church and he is superintendent of the Sabbath-school. Politically a stanch Republican, he is an earnest advocate of the principles of his party. Prof. Sims is president of the Northern Indiana Teachers Association and was chairman of the executive committee of the same in 1888. He is a member of the State Teachers Association, was chairman of the executive committee, and he is also a member of the Northern Indiana School Superintendent Club. He is an active vyorker and lecturer in the Teachers Association throughout the State. Broad minded and liberal, he is in favor of reform and progress, is a liberal patron of educational literature and a wide reader. He is a clear thinker, a logical reasoner, an expressive talker, and has unique, orderly and systematic methods in educational work. In 1867 Prof. Sims married Miss Elizabeth McFarland, and they are the parents of one son, Charles G., who graduated from Du Pauw University and is now practicing law at Omaha, Neb. Mrs. Sims died five years after marriage, and on the 3d of August, 1875, Prof. Sims married Miss Frances Bradley. He owns a comfortable home in Goshen and is in prosperous circumstances. He is now in the prime of life, of strong natural constitution and vigorous mind and stands deservedly high throughout the State as one of the leading educators. John Conrad, the second child born to the marriage of Solomon Conrad (see sketch of David Conrad), was born on his father's farm in Jackson township, Elk- hart Co., Ind., January 13, 1849, and was reared amid pioneer surroundings. Like most farmer boys of that period, he attended school during the winter months, and assisted in clearing the farm during the summer seasons, and thus engaged, remained under the parental roof until twenty-two years of age. He then started out to make his own way in life, and on February 9, 1871, was married to Miss Eliza Liveringhouse who was the daughter of John and Mary (Lehr) Liveringhouse. The Liveringhousps were Ohio people, and John Liveringhouse moved to Elkhart county at an early date, and settled in Elkhart township, near Goshen. Later, in 1879, he moved to Kosciusko county, and followed farming there for many years. In Elkhart county he was married to Mrs. Nancy Miller, a native of that count}', and the daughter of one of its pioneers. Mrs. Conrad was born August 25, 1850, and was left motherless when but a baby. She attained her growth in Jackson township, and attended the district school. She is the younger of two children, the other being William. Her father married Mrs. Nancy Miller, and five children were the fruits of this union; Lizzie. Mary, Etta, John and Mervin. John died young. After marriage Mr. Conrad settled on the farm where he now lives, which was then but partly improved, and since then has made many and vast improvements in the place, having now one of the best farms in his section. He has eighty acres cleared, and most of his attention is given to raising stock and grain. He takes much inter- est in politics, his vote being ever cast with the Democratic party. Two children have been born to his marriage: Frank, born September 21, 1871, and Fred, born Jan- uary 15, 1886. Frank is now twenty-one years of age, and his first presidential vote was east for Grover Cleveland in the fall of 1892. He has received good educational advantages, supplementing the district school education by attending Milford pub- lic schools, and for the past few years he has been assisting on the farm. Mr. Conrad and wife are well liked in the neighborhood, and are among the best citizens of the count}'. Mr. Conrad and his son are engaged in buying and selling stock, and has met with great success in this occupation. The farm on which he lived so many years he sold in the fall of 1892. Mr. Conrad is a self-made man in the true sense of that term, and is now one of the substantial men of the neighborhood. He and wife adopted a daughter, Birtie May, when she was ten months old, and they have taken much pains with this little lady, and reared her as their own. She was born October 10. 18S2. Myron E. Meadek. The position occupied by Mr. Meader as one of the most enterprising and energetic young business men of Goshen, has been gained wholly MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 547 by his excellent business acumen and unquestioned inte^-ity. He is well and favor- ably known in Goshen, and although but recently established in his present busi- ness, he is rapidly becoming one of the most successful business men of this flourish- ing city. He is of English descent, and comes of good old New England stock, bis ancestors having settled in this country during colonial times. His father, David Header was born in Vermont, and was married at Elkhart to Miss Almira Cole. He settled ou wild land a short distance south of Elkhart, and was one of the respected pioneer citizens of this county, as well as one of the most substantial farmers. He was a member of the United Brethren Church, and in politics a stalwart Republican, and a strong Union man. He had one son in the army during the Rebellion; William J., who enlisted in the Seventy -fourth Regement Indiana Volunteer Infantry, but who was discharged for disability. Later here-enlisted in the one hundred days' service. My- ron E. Meader, subject of this sketch, was born March 19, 1856, in Elkhart county, Ind., and his early scholastic training was received in the district schools of the same. Later he graduated from the Elkhart High School, and then read law with Baker & Mitchell of Goshen for four years, being admitted to the bar in 1879. In connection with his practice he was also engaged in the real estate and insurance business with J. H. Defrees, now of Chicago, under the firm name of Def rees & Meader. Later he was in partnership with E. Louis Kuhns in the insurance, real estate and abstract business, under the name of Meader & Kuhns, and still later became a partner in the law office of Baker & Baker, having charge of the collection and office business. In April, 1891, he became one of the incorporators of the Ariel Cycle Manufacturing Com- pany, and was elected one of the directors. He is also secretary, treasurer and business manager of the company, which has a capital stock of $25,000, the full amount being invested in their plant. The company has invested a much larger amount than their capital stock, at least $100,000. Mr. Meader is the active busi- ness spirit, and has built up a large trade amounting to $300,000 annually. 2.000 machines are manufactured annually, and this large business has been built up within a period of two years. The company is now extending the manufactory, that its capacity may be increased. Mr. Meader is a practical and energetic business man, and stands deservedly high in Goshen for his integrity of character. In Octo- ber, 1886, he married Miss Lulu Stephenson, daughter of Andrew J. and Eliza (Felk- ner) Stephenson, and one child, Mac E. , has blessed this union. Socially Mr. Meader is a K. P., and has filled all the offices in the subordinate lodge, and politically he is a faithful Republican. John Michael. The sons of Germany are well represented in Elkhart county, and they hold conspicuous places in many pursuits which makes that county a sub- stantial star in the galaxy of Indiana's many interesting counties. John Michael, who is one of the prominent agriculturists of the same, is a descendant of sturdy German stock, and no doubt inherits from these ancestors the perseverance and in- dustry so characteristic of those of German nativity. His father, Paul Michael, was born in the Fatherland about 1772, and received a limited education there. He learned the mason's trade in his native country, and was married there to Miss Bar- bara Fink, who bore him four children, as follows: Aaron, George, Barbara and John, all natives of Germany. The advantages afforded a resident of the United States tempted him to cross the ocean, and in 1833, with his family, he took passage in an old-fashioned sailing vessel, and was eight weeks and six days in crossing to this country. He landed in Baltimore, Md., but went direct to Somerset county, Penn., where he bought 100 acres of land. On this he resided for two and a half years, and then, about 1836, he moved to Darke county, Ohio, and settled in the woods. He first bought sixty-two acres, and immediately began clearing and im- proving this. On this he resided for eighteen years and then, in 1854, moved to Elkhart county, Ind., where he purchased 110 acres. Tliis land was partly cleared, and on this Mr. Michael died witliiu a year, at the age of seventy-six years. He and Mrs. Michael were members of the Lutheran Church and Mr. Michael was deacon in 548 PICTOUIAL AND BIOGltAl'UICAL the same for abont ten or twelve years. In politics he was a Democrat. He had been a soldier wheu a yoiiDg mau, and served in the war against Napoleon for four years. He served in the hospital for two years. Mr. Michael's repntatioii as an honorable, upright citizen was well known, and his word was as good as his bond. He was one of those sterling German citizens who came to this country for an honest purpose, and from this kind of sturdy German stock have descended many of the best fami- lies. John Michael, subject of this sketch, was born in Germany November 22, 1828, and was five j-ears of age when he was brought by his parents to this country. The Ohio country being new, he received but a limited education, not more than two months of schooling all told, and when but a small boy all his energies were directed toward clearing the different farms on which his father settled. AVhen twenty-four years of age he married Miss Mollie Bintuer, and seven children were born to them: John Paul, George, Lewis, Edward. Harvey, Lizzie and Caroline. In 1854 Mr. Michael came with his father to Elkhart county, settled on the same farm, and here he has since remained. His wife died August 10, 1891. She was a lady of superior attainments, and his most efficient helpmate when struggling for a start in life. She was a member of the Lutheran Church, and Mr. Michael holds membership in the same at the present time. In his political views he is a stanch supporter of Demo- cratic principles. Public spirited and enterprising, he has ever been interested in all worthy movements, and has held the office of supervisor. His son, John Paul, mar- ried Miss Kate, daughter of Martin Miller, and is engaged in farming in Elkhart township. Five children have been born to them. George married Miss Lizzie Liver- inghouse. daughter of John Liveringhouse, and is engaged in carpentering in Goshen; they have four children. Lewis married Miss Rettie Goss, and has two children; he is a teamster of Goshen. Edward married Miss Elizabeth Snyder, and is a farmer of this township; he has two children. Lizzie married Frank lubody, a farmer of Harrison township, this county, and they have two children. Caroline married Allen Inbody, a farmer now residing on the home place, and is the mother of one child. Thus it may be seen that Mr. Michael is the grandfather of sixteen children. By indu^itry and enterprise he has added to his property until he now owns 1T(> acres of land, a good house, sulistantial barns and out- buildings, and is very comfortably situated indeed. He stands high in the estimation of all. Leander Anderson, Elkhart. Ind. It is doubtless entirely owing to the indus- trious, and persevering manner with which Mr. Andersonhasadhered to thepurs uits of agriculture that he has arisen to such substantial position in farm affairs in his county. His entire life has been spent within the confines of Elkhart county, and as a natural result he is much interested in the progress and development of the section and has done his full share in making it the magnilieent farming region that it now is. His birth ojcurrel July 12. 1848, his parents being Noah and Mary A. (Hay) -Inderson, who were born in Delaware and Pennsylvania respectively. The parental grandfather was an Englishman by birth and the maternal grandfather was born in Germany and both died in the Eastern States. Noah Anderson first removed from the State to Montgomery county, Ohio, but left that State in 1832 to take up his abode in Elkhart county. Ind., becoming the owner of 200 acres of land in Harrison township, for which he paid the government price. He brought his family thither in 1837, and they took up their residence in a little log cabin in which they resided until better improvements could be made. Like all pioneers his first resi- dence in the State was marked by hard work and numerous hardships, but in time he succeeded in clearing his land, which had been heavily covered with timber, and converted it into one of the finest farms in the county. He worked for a short time at Waterford Mills, which was the tirst mill in the county, and later conducted a plow factory at Waterford Mills for some time. His numerous worthy qualities of heart and head won him the good will and respect of all with whom he was connected or whom he met in a social or business way and as a result he was elected to the legislature in 1S6(\ filling the duties of his office with marked ability and to the ilEMOIUS OF lyitlAJfA. 549 general satisfaction of bis political foes as well as friends. He served as county commissioner a number of terms, also townsbip trustee and justice of the peace, in each and all of which he displayed the workings of an active and intelligent mind. He was a stanch Rapublican politically and worked for the good of his partj' on all occa- sions, and in the political arena of his section became quite prominent. He died September 29, 1874. His wife died in 1885, having presented her husband with ten children, six of whom are living: Isabelle, wife of Samuel Kahler of Dixen, Illinois; Esther, wife of Nicholas Reith; Uriah of Elkhart; Belinda, wife of B. F. Sternberg; Amanda and Leander; L'riah was a soldier in the Seventy -fourth Indiana Volunteers, but did not serve long, owing to the fact that he was disabled; Warren, who is deceased, was in the One-hundredth Ohio Regiment, but after a short service was taken sick and returned home (he died August 17, 1891); Felix died February 18 of the same year; two died in infancy. The immediate subject of this biography was brought up on the farm and was educated in the public schools. Being the youngest of the family he remained at home until his parents died. In the fall of 1883 he purchased the place he now owns, which at that time consisted of eighty-four acres of land just as nature had fashioned it. This he purchased from Isaac Compton, who entered it in 1837, and although it was heavily covered with timber he has cleared sixty-five acres and has made many other improvements on the place. Besides this he owns eighty acres in Harrison township, which he purchased in the same way and has fifty-five acres of this place cleared, and has erected a good hjuse thereon. There are few young men of the present day who can boast of so much enterprise, and what he has accomplished has been at the expense of many days of bard and persistent labor, but the result has Ijeen in every way satisfactory. He is the owner of considerable property in Elkhart — two business lots on Main street and a livery barn on Harrison street — and is very much inter- ested in the progress of his section. He has been justice of the peace of Harrison township two terms, but has never been particularly active in political affairs although he always exercises his right of franchise. All his success is due to his own efforts, for his devotion to business has been great and his energy unflagging. Leakder p. Kuetz, twenty-seven years of age, the eighth child of Paul H. Kurtz, was born in Harrison township on the old home farm of his father, obtaining his education in the school near his home. Like his brother, his services were given to his father until he was twenty-one years of age, at which time he hired out to his father by the mouth, and remained thus employed for three years. At the end of that time his brother. Daniel P. , had returned from the West, and together they purchased a threshing machine and outfit, and for two seasons they carried on that enterprise in a highlj^ successful manner and to their credit. They then traded their machine for the saw-mill which they are now operating, and have made this a pay- ing business likewise. All kinds of hard wood lumber is manufactured at their mill and a specialty is made of finishing lumber, in the manufacture of which they are remarkably successful. They are among the rising lumber and mill men of the CDunty, and their product is coming into extensive use, owing to its desirability and to the prompt aud upright manner in which these young men fill their contracts. While they are both young they have shown more than the average business ability, and are winning golden opinions in the business circles of the county. Leander P. has always supported Repul)lican principles, is devoted to the welfare of his section, and so far as his means will permit he is ready and willing to support laudable enter- prises. On October 15, 1891, he was married to Miss Julia Berkey, daughter of Peter D. Berkey, a prominent citizen of the county. Mrs. Kurtz was born in Har- rison township, on her father's farm, July 8, 1872. This worthy young couple reside near the mill and are among the most popular young people of their neigh- borhood. Henry Paulus, farmer. The subject of this biographical notice is an honorable and progressive farmer, and as such no name in the memorial department of this 550 PICTORIAL AND niOGRAPIIICAL work is more worthy of mention. He is a product of the Keystone State, his birth occurring in Bedford county, February '28, 1825, to John and Margaret (Martin) Paulus, who were also Penusylvanians, the paternal grandfather having lived and died in that State. He was a Dunkard minister, and established several churches of that denomination throughout the section in which he lived, for he was a faithful and earnest worker in the vineyard of the Master. He continued to preach the gos- pel until he had reached the e.'itreme old age of ninety two years, and had only ceased his active labors one year when he was called from life, his death occurring the same day and mouth in which he was born. John Paulus became a resident of Montgomery county, Ohio, during the pioneer days of that section, and there made his home until his death. Out of a family of thirteen children born to himself and wife, only three are living at the present time: Mary, who resides in Kosciusko county, Ind. ; Henry, and Jacob, who is a resident of Silver Lake, Kosciusko Co., Ind. Daniel, another child, had two sons in the Union army during the Civil war, and Mary had a son, David, who was also one of the "boys in blue." In the private schools of Montgomery county Henry Paulus was educated, and when not pursuing his studies his attention was devoted to agriculture, in the details of which he was thoroughly drilled. He was brought up to a knowledge of farming, which occupation he fol- lowed on the home place until the death of his parents. In 1843 he came to Elk- hart coiinty, Ind., by wagon, and settled at Goshen, where he followed carpentering for about three years, after which he farmed on shares for two years. In 1847 he became the owner of the farm he now owns and occupies, which at that time had only five acres cleared, on which were erected two little log cabins. He paid $4 per acre for a portion of this land and $2. 50 per acre for the rest, and after taking possession of it immediately began to make improvements, and is now the owner of a first class farm, every nook and cranny of which is kept in good order. Besides this fine faim of 140 acres he owns one acre in the city of Elkhart. Mr. Paulus is one of the pioneers of the township, and has witnessed the growth of the country from a wild state to the highest state of civilization, and where once was unbroken forests are now waving fields of grain. He well remembers when deer would come within a few rods of his cabin and wolves cotild be heard howling throughout the night. They wore the homespun clothing of primitive days, and although they were compelled to labor hard and do without many of the luxuries which seem so indispensable at the present time, they were contented and happy, and prospered in spite of adverse circumstances. The first eight years of his residence in the county Mr. Paulus helped to raise forty-two cabins and cut the corners for each one of them. They swapped work in those days, but for some reason or other Mr. Pauluswas never paid in kind, and was compelled to do the principal part of his own work himself, notwith- standing the fact that he was very obliging in helping his neighbors. In 1846 Miss Susan Cripe, daughter of Daniel Cripe, became his wife, and to them fourteen children were born, seven of whom are living: Daniel;Sarah, who resides in Michigan; Eliza- beth, who resides in Elkhart; Levi, also of this county; Jacob; Emanuel, and Maggie. Mr. Paulus was road supervisor for nine years, and is a memlier of the Dunkard Church. He is now retired from active business life, and is in the enjoyment of a fortune which his own industry earned him. He had $-tO in cash upon his settle- ment in the State, and after many ups and downs he finally found himself out of deep water and floating on a prosperous tide. Prop. George W. Ellis. It has been truly said that "a good education is the best inheritance that parents can leave their cliildren." lliches may take to them- selves wings and fly away, but a good education will last through life. One of the prominent educators of Elkhart county, Ind., is Prof. George W. Ellis, who in- herits all his push, energy and enterprise from good, old Scotch-Irish ancestors. William Ellis, grandfather of the Professor, was born in the north of Ireland, of Scotch-Irish stock, and was there educated. After reaching man's estate he be- came a farmer, and was married on the Green Isle of Erin to Miss Mary Vams, who MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 551 bore him seven children, as follows: Richard, William, Thomas, Mary, Sarah, Joseph ine and James, all natives of Ireland. Led by the promises of the fertile land of this country, William Ellis crossed the ocean in about 1832, and first settled in Lancaster county, Penn. From there he moved to Holmes county, Ohio, bought a large tract of wild land, of which he cleared 120 acres, and became a substantial farmer. He and wife were members of the Lutheran Church, and he was an old- line Whig in politics. His death occurred in 1S71, when about seventy years of age. He was a strict Union man, and had one son, James, in the Civil war. All his life was spent in hard labor, and during the latter part of his days he was surround- ed by many of the comforts and conveniences of life. His sou, James, father of sub- ject, was born August 13, 182S, and received but a limited common-school education. He was about ten years of age when he came to America with his father, and as- sisted on the home place until seventeen years of age, when he began learning the blacksmith's trade. He was married in Holmes county, Ohio, to Miss Mary Thomp- son, daughter of James and Annie (Luzzard) Thompson, and the following chil- dren were born to them: John, Seth, George VV., William S., Alice and Elmer. In 1855 Mr. Ellis moved to Stark county, Ohio, and worked at his trade there, be- coming foreman of the Agricultural Implement Works, of Milton, Ohio, now Wil- mott, Ohio. There he passed the remainder of his days, dying in 1870. In 1864: he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Sixty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a private and was soon promoted to the rank of second lieuteuaiit. Shortly after being in the service he was taken sick and was honor- ably discharged, but was never able to do any manual labor after returning from the army. In politics he affiliated with the Republican party. His character was without a blemish and his noble conduct has reflected upon his children, making them good and useful citizens. George W. Ellis, son of the above, owes his na- tivity to Berlin, Holmes Co., Ohio, born September 15, 1850, and secured a good education in the common schools. He subsequently attended Greeubury Semi- nary, Somerset Co., Ohio; the University at Smithville, Wayne Co., Ohio, and the Mt. Union College, at Mt. Union, Ohio. In 1860 he began teaching in the district schools, continuing this twelve years in the schools of Ohio. After this he taught six years in the graded schools of Napoleon, Ohio, and in 1884 came to Goshen, where he became principal of the Fifth school, continuing with the same for four years. In 1888 he was elected county superintendent of Elkhart county and was re-elected in 1890. At the first election he was not well known in the county, but although there were eleven candidates for the office, he was elected. The second time he had a large majority in his favor. Professor Ellis has given the people of Elkhart county satisfaction in the management of the schools and has made a rad- ical change in the course of study, so that the pupils of the district schools can come directly from the country schools to the high school, and after graduating there can, if they so desire, be admitted to the State University at Bloomington, Ind. Under the administration of Professor Ellis the teachers'institutes are well attended, an active interest is shown, a decided improvement made and a very harmonious feeling been cultivated among the teachers. An unique feature of the improvements inaugurated by Professor Ellis is the exhibit of the county schools at the Elkhart Agricultural Association. By the efforts of Professor Ellis a building was erected on the Fair grounds, and the first exhibit was made in 1890. This was a grand success and much interest was shown by the patrons of the district schools. An ex- hibit is made of all the work done in the district schools and on "School day'' the children of the county meet with their teacher and a good time is had. A spirit of emulation is cultivated by this exhibit, and a good moral effect is produced. Decem- ber 3, 1874, Professor Ellis married Miss Ella Bray, daughter of Gideon and Eliza (Fallen) Bray. The fruits of this union have been four interesting children: Walter C. , Josie E., Mary H. and Frankie B. Socially Professor Ellis is a member of the Knights of Pythias, is chancellor commander, and has held all the offices of his 552 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL lodge. In politics be supports the priuciples and policy of the Republican party. The Professor is a man of action, of positive character, and is well informed on all subjects of interest. He takes the leading educational periodicals of the day, has an excellent reference library and is advanced in all his views. Abraham McMains, another of the prominent pioneer settlers of Locke town- ship, Elkhart Co., Ind. , came to his present farm in 1843 and since that time has been a resident of Locke township. Like many of the esteemed citizens of the county he is a native of the Buckeye State, born in Hamilton county, March 29, 1817, and was the eldest of a family of three children born to Benjamin and Cath- erine (Miller) McMains. Benjamin McMains was an early pioneer of Ohio and died in that State in 1820. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. His principal occu- pation in life was agriculture, but in connection he also followed the carpenter trade. In religion he was a Presbyterian and in politics a Democrat. His wife was born in Pennsylvania, and was a daughter of Abraham Miller, who was one of the early set- tlers of Pennsylvania, moving from that State to Kentucky. He became dissatisfied with Kentucky and decided to go farther North and first settled in Preble county, Ohio, but later in Hamilton county, that State, where his death occurred. After the death of her husband Mrs. McMaius remained in Hamilton county, and there her death occurred on the old farm in 1845. In religious belief she was a German Baptist. By her first husband she was the mother of three children: Abraham, John and Hannah. Her second marriage was to Samuel Gray and to this union were born four children: Sarah, Margaret, Benjamin and Catherine. The second and third children are living. Our subject's early life was spent on the farm in Hamilton county and he became accustomed to the duties of the farm when but a lad. When twenty one years of age he started out to make his own way in life and in 1843 emigrated to Elkhart county, lud., settling on the tract of land which he had taken up in 1838. This consisted of 160 acres, and he began immediately to improve it. The country was wild and unsettled, game was abundant, and he had all the experiences of pioneer settlers. He has killed quite a good many deer in his day but was never very fond of hunting. By good management and persever- ance he has become quite well to do and has one of the finest farms in his section. When Mr. McMains first came to Elkhart county he had but $10 in money and all his accumulations in the way of this world's goods are the fruits of his own honest industry. There were but nine voters in Locke township when he located on his farm. In politics he is a Democrat and has ever taken some interest in the political affairs of the county. At an early day he held office in the township, being town- ship treasurer for four years, and he is now one of the public-spirited men of the county. He is now seventy five years of age, has rented his farm, and is living retired from the active duties of life. He is one of the oldest pioneers of the towu- sbiiJ and has enjoyed single blessedness all his life. He has no living kindred in this part of the county except some distant relatives. Upright and honorable in all his dealings, Mr. McMains is one of the esteemed and respected men of the town- ship. Chakles D. Henkel. The Henkels are of worthy German stock, and it is sup- posed that the family tree first took root on American soil when Rev. Gerhard Hen- kel, who was Hofprediger, came to America about the year 1718 and located at Germantown, near Philadelphia, Penn. Rev. Gerhard Henkel was a descendant of Count Henkel, of Poeltzig, the latter being descended from Johann Henkel, D. D., LL. D., born in Leutschau, Hungary, and was father confessor to Queen Maria about 1430. He sympathized with Protestantism, and maintained friendly relations with some of the leaders who were engaged in the Reformation of the sixteenth cent- ury. The manuscript of a prayer-book written by Johann Henkel, is still preserved in Breslau. Gerhard Henkel's son, Jacob, was the father of Rev. Paul Henkel, who was born December 15, 1854, near Salisbury, Rowan county, N. C, being one of the following children born to Jacob and his wife Barbara (Teters) Henkel, their names MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 553 being: Moses, a Methodist minister of Pendleton county, Va. ; Elizabeth (Creutz); Hannah, who was Isiirned to death in a fort during the Indian War; Christena (Harmaa); Benjamin; Isaac, a Lutheran minister buried in Rockingham county, Va. ; Joseph; John, a Lutheran minister buried under the pulpit of Zion's Church, Shenandoah county, Va. Kev. Paul Henkel became a minister of the Lutheran Church. He was married to Miss Elizabeth Nagley, who bore him six sons and three daughters, five of his sons becoming Lutheran ministers, and the other a doc- tor and publisher: Solomon, the doctor; Philip; Naomi (Rupert); Ambrose; Sabina (Adams); Andrew, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch; David; Charles, and Hannah (Stirewalt). Philip M. Henkel, the son of Andrew and the father of Charles D. Henkel, was born at Somerset, Perry Co., Ohio, September 7, 1819, his wife, Charlotte P., having been born at Germantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, the latter being also descended from a worthy German family. Philip M. Hen- kel and his wife emigrated from southern Ohio to northern Indiana in 1843 and thereafter made Goshen, Elkhart county, their home. Their marriage was celebrated June 6, 1841, and resulted in the birth of the children whose names are here given: Charles D. ; Frederick; Catherine Louisa; Mary Adelaide; Charlotte M. ; Amelia, and Vandalaiu. Philip M. Henkel is an agnostic in his religious views and polit- ically is a Democrat, and on that ticket was elected to the position of county auditor, which position he acceptably tilled from 1851 to 1859. He has acceptably filled the duties and relations of life, is a man of shrewd business views and has been a suc- cessful financier, and a man highly honored by all with whom he has business rela- tions. He is descended in direct line from Lutheran ministers since the days of the Reformation, of Dr. Martin Luther. Charles D. Henkel, his son, was born in Ger- mantown, Montgomery Co., Ohio, March 29, 1842, but was reared and received his education in Goshen. After becoming sufiiciently qualified and upon reaching a suitable age he began keeping books in the Salem Bank, with which concern he remained two years to the satisfaction of his employer, John Cook, and very much to his own credit. For several years thereafter he was in the general produce and stock business and in 1870 was elected city marshal, in which capacity he served two years. He then went into the county treasurer's office as deputy to Charles T. Greene, where he remained some three years, at the end of which time he was elected to the position of county auditor. He was a beau ideal public servant, faithful and conscientious in the discharge of his duties and agreeable and courteous to those with whom he came in contact, for which qualities he became widely known and was accordingly in the office for eight years. Since that time he has conducted a livery and sale stable, his vehicles and animals, of which he has a large number, being in excellent condition and at all times ready for use. Like his father before him he is a wide-awake man of affairs, keenly alive to his own interests, but never at the expense of others, and his friends and patrons who, without doubt, may also be counted among his friends, may be numbered by ■the score. He was married to Maria A. Marsh, a native of Jamestown, N. Y., Feb- ruary 7, 1864, l)y whom he has a family of six children: Louise M. , wife of J. A. Beane; Olive M. ; Philip W. ; Isabel M.; Anna, wife of R. D. Piatt of Niles, Mich., and Elizabeth. Mr. Henkel has been a life-long Democrat. William A. McAllister. This gentleman is one of the oldest and best known business men of Goshen, which has been his home since 1853. He owes his nativ- ity to the town of Elba, Genesee Co., N. Y., where he was born on March 20, 1817, his parents being William and Anna (White) McAllister, the former of whom was of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and at the outbreak of the war with Great Britain moved to the United States from Canada, not desiring to enter the service of Great Britain. He located in New York and was there united in marriage to Mrs. \Yhite, who was a native German, but came with her parents to the United States when she was nine years of age, her maiden name being Anna Snyder. Prior to her marriage with Mr. McAllister she was married to a Mr. White, who was a soldier in the War of 1812, 554 PICTORIAL ASD BI06RAPUICAL and was killed ia battle. Mrs. McAllister died of cholera ia 1822, and of her five children one sou died after attaining manhood, and the daughters married and reared families. When William A. McAllister was about fourteen years of age his father died, and he was left at this early age to battle with the world and its uncertainties for himself, and to assist in the care of the widowed mother and her family, consist- ing of three sisters and one brother. These duties he cheerfully and manfully assumed and creditably and faithfully carried out. Very soon after his father's demise he was apprenticed to the harness maker's trade, and at twenty-six years of age began business in this line for himself, which, with slight interregnums, has been his lifelong occupation. His work is noted for its neatness of finish, its dura- bility and its handsome appearance, and he is justly regarded as one of the substantial, reliable and competent business man of Goshen. Since coming to the place, he has, by his conservatism and social and moral worth, endeared himself to all, and he and his worthy wife occupy an enviable position in the hearts and affections of all who know them. They are members of the Presbyterian Church, where their useful and conservative council is sought, felt and appreciated. Mr. McAllister is a member of the Masonic and Odd Fellow orders, and has held positions of honor and trust as a member of the city council and school board. In both these positions the wisdom of his suggestions were seen and acted upon to the undoubted benefit of the city, which was not merely temporary but of lasting benefit. The present high grade and excellent school system of Goshen owes much to his timely aid and suggestions, and in every walk and condition of life he has been found on the side of right, justice and progress. The handiwork and brain work of Mr. McAllister has been felt and can be seen in all the reforms and improvements for which Goshen has become noted. In 1S44 he led to the hymeneal altar Miss Ellen R Stevens, who owes her nativity to Erie county, N. Y., where she first saw the light in 1826. Her parents were among the early settlers of Elkhart county, Ind., their residence being at Waterford, where they were known to all the early settlers as reliable, law-abid- ing and public-spirited citizens. Mrs. McAllister has presented her husband with one child, a son — Elbert W., a prominent physician of South Bend, and one destined to rise in his profession. Mr. McAllister formerly supported the men and measures of the Whig party, but since the organization of the Republican party its tenets have recommended themselves to his excellent judgment, and he has supported them on all occasions at the polls. Mr. McAllister has always taken an active interest in all reforms and enterprises of a public nature, supporting them with both purse and influence. Das Phillips (deceased). The name which we now give was for many years counted as among the pioneer farmers of Locke township, and although Mr. Phil- lips has now passed from earth's activities it is but just and satisfactory that we recount his life narrative among those who have done such excellent service in subduing the wilderness and bringing it into its present splendid condition, physic- ally, socially and morally. He was born in Knox county, Ohio, May 29, lS3t\ and was one of eight children born to Brice and Honor (Durbin) Phillips. Briee Phil- lips was a native of Maryland and followed the occupation of a farmer all his life. When quite young be emigrated to Ohio with his mother, who was a widow with eleven children, and settled with her in Polk township, Knox county, on forty acres of land that she had purchased. She also bought forty acres apiece for the four eldest sons, who were small when they first settled there, but who passed the re- mainder of their days on those farms. None of these children are now living and Brice Phillips was the last one to die, his death occurring March 2, 1SS9, when eighty-two years of age, having been born in 1807. His wife. Honor Durbin, was also born in Maryland and an early pioneer of the Buckeye State, coming to Knox county with her father at an early day. In Ohio the parents passed the closing scenes of their lives, the grandmother dying at the age of seventy-eight years. For sixty- five years the grandfather was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr, aiEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 555 and Mrs. Phillips were the parents of nine children, eight of whom were reared. •James, residing on a farm in Porter county, Ind., was married to Miss Amanda Pennrose, who bore him six children: Ira, Honor, Brice, Levi, Stella and Marcus, all living. James is a Repul)lican iu his political aflSliations and has held office. He and family hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Dan (sub- ject), .Joseph (deceased), was formerly a resident of Lake county, Ind. He died in 1884, leaving a wife and four sons, Benton, Robert, Frank and Wilson. Joseph was married three times and his last wife and two children are still living. Simon (deceased), was a resident of Oswego, Kosciusko Co., lud., and at his death left his wife and four children: Jalaly, Honor, Washington and Martha. He was a farmer and a wealthy man. Brice is living in Davis county. Mo., is engaged in farming, and is a wealthy man. His wife is deceased. Mary, single, died when twenty- four years of age, and Honor is now Mrs. Wilson McGinley and resides on the old home place in Knox county, Ohio. Her husband was a musician for over three years in the Union army. The parents of the above children were among the early settlers of Knox county, Ohio, and the father was a Democrat in politics. His brother, Reuben, was a soldier in the War of 1812. The Phillips family is of En- glish descent and the early members of the family settled in Maryland in pioneer days. Dan Phillips was the second in order of birth of the children born to his parents, and his birth occurred on the old farm in Knox county. In his early days he became familiar with pioneer life, and, like most of the boys of that period, his educational advantages were limited. In 1850, when twenty years of age, he emi- grated to Elkhart county, Ind., with his father and mother, who were on a visit to his brother James, of Marshall county. He located on a farm of eighty acres on Section 22. Locke township, and built himself a log house, and began improving his place. He had no assistance, but worked for the neighbors in that part of the town- ship, thus making money enough to live on, and during spare moments cleared his farm. He was considerable of a hunter and killed a large number of deer and was the only man known to have killed a catamount in that section after 1850. He was an honest, industrious man and what he accumulated of this world's goods was the result of his own good fighting qualities. In politics, like his father, he was a Democrat, but was a man who took a great interest in his farm. He was a liberal contributor to all worthy enterprises and was active in his support of schools and churches. He was a member of the United Brethren Church, but attended the South Church which was built on his farm, he giving the land for that purpose. He was treasurer also of that church. The marriage of Mr. Phillips occurred in Locke township, April 21. 1853, to Miss Mary Berry, who was born in Clark county, Ohio. March 24. 1833. She was the fourth in order of birth of seven children lx)rn to James and Mary fWalburn) Berry. Her grandparents, John and Nancy Berry, were natives of Ireland and Switzprland, respectively. John Berry was among the early pioneers of Clark county, Ohio, and emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind., in 1830. He settled on Section 22, and being quite aged, died shortly after coming to the county. This was the first death in the neighborhood and the first burial in the Union graveyard. Five children were born to his marriage: James, John, Martha, Nancy and William. Only James, William and Martha came to Elkhart county, and Martha, who was the wife of Charles Blake, a soldier in the Civil war, died in 1890. William died in this county. James Berry, father of Mrs. Phillips, was married and had children when he came to Elkhart county, and he became a large land owner. He came by wagon and settled on the farm where his death occurred in 1872, when sixty-eight years of age. He was a Whig in politics at first, but sub- sequently espoused the principles of the Republican party. He took a prominent part in all county aifairs, was public spirited and gave liberally of his means to support schools and churches. His wife died on the old home place in Elkhart county, September 30, 1881. She was the daughter of Robert and Catherine Wal- burn, early settlers of Ohio. James Berry and wife had seven children: John, 556 PICTORIAL jiND BIOGRAPHICAL Catherine, Thomas, Mary (Mrs. Phillips), Robert, Nancy J. and Elizabeth, all na- tives of Ohio except the youngest, who was born in Elkhart county. Catherine and John were twins. He is deceased and she is the wife of Andrew Kick, of Teagar- den, Marshal county. Thomas is living at Warsaw, Kosciusko county, and a man of a family; Robert resides on a farm in Locke township and has seven children; Nancy J., now Mrs. Jacob Peffly, is residing in Goshen, and Elizabeth married James Heaton and is living in Locke township, this county. Mrs. Phillips was onl_v seven years of age when the family came to this county and she grew up in the neighborhood, attending the early schools of this county. By her marriage to Mr. Phillips she became the mother of one child, Reuben T., whose birth occurred August 24, 1854, on the old farm in Locke township. For twenty-five years Mrs. Phillips has been a member of the United Brethren Church and is a lady possessed of many excellent qualities. For the past few years s^he has had quite poor health. She is the oldest settler in Locke township, having settled in the same in 1839, and is highly esteemed by all acquainted with her. She has experienced all the hard- ships of pioneer times, but as she came of good old pioneer stock, braved the trials and vicissitudes of those early days with a fortitude truly wonderful. She has been deeplj' interested in church and Sunday-school work and contributes liberally to the support of the same. Mrs. Phillips died September 23, 181*2. Her son, Reuben T. Phillips, one of the most enterprising young farmers of Elkhart county, is re- siding on the old home place and also owns the old farm taken up by his grand- father Berrj', which consists of 158 acres and is in the same neighborhood. Reuben attended the district school of his township during the winter seasons, but in spring and summer was actively engaged in assisting on the farm. In 1875 he took charge of the farm and since then he has been busily employed in farming and stockraising. His father passed away on September 2, 1890, when quite an aged man. Reuben, as a farmer, has met with success, although he is not enjoying the best of health. He pays strict attention to agricultural pursuits, has fine orchards and groves on his place, and is advanced and progressive in his ideas. He takes a deep iDterest in politics and is a strong supporter of the principles of his party. In all enterprises to benefit the people, such as good roads, schools, drainage, etc. , he is prominently identified, and as a member of the United Brethren Church, he takes a leading part, being steward at the present time and secretary of the Sunday-school. He is a public-spirited young man, honest, industrious and upright, and no one stands higher in the estimation of the people. On January 30, 1876, he was married to Miss Mary E. Fletcher, a daughter of Henry and Sarah (Swisher) Fletcher. Henry Fletcher was born in Ohio and was the son of Jacob and Barbara (Nesslerode) Fletcher, his father coming from Ohio where he was born, and settling in Olive township, Elkhart Co., Ind., at an early day. (See sketch of Henry Fletcher.) Mrs. Phillips was born on March 31, 1858, and grew to womanhood on her father's farm in Olive township. She was one of twelve children. By her marriage to Mr. Phillips she became the mother of four children, as follows: John I., born April 8, 1878, a bright boy of fourteen years, is much help to his father on the farm and promises to become a good business man; Cornelius T., born January 7, 1880, is also assisting on the farm and attending school; Henry M., born December 10, 1883, is in the school- room; and Chloe Ethel, born September 9, 1887. Mrs. Phillips is a member of the United Brethren Church and is a lady possessed of many excellent qualities. Daniel Leer. This is one of the oldest and most respected families of Elkhart county, Ind., and its members are men and women of more than ordinarN' intelli- gence. Jacob Leer, grandfather of the man whose name heads this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, grew to manhood there and was there married. To his union were born six children, who lived to mature years, viz. : Abraham. Jacob, David, Samuel, Polly and Hannah. Believing that he could do better by emigrating west- ward, he left his native State and settled in Montgomery county, Ohio. He was an MEMOIIiS OF INDIANA. 557 old-fashioQed pioaeer citizea ciad a man who woq and held the confidence of all. He died in the Buckeye State and was a worthy member of the Dunkard Church. His sou, Jacob Leer, was also a native of the Keystoue State, and received a limited common school education in both the German and English language. Prior to his marriage he came to Indiana and followed the shoemaker's trade, which he carried on for several years. He selected his wife in (he person of Miss Mary Statsman, and this union was blessed by the birth of four children, as follows: Catherine, Daniel, Lydia and John. After his marriage Mr. Leer settled on 160 acres of land, which he had entered and which was covered with timber, and he immediately began clearing the same. After years of hard labor his efforts were rewarded and he was the owner of a very comfortable and attractive home. Both he and wife were mem- bers of the Dunkard Church, and for many years he was a preacher iu the same. He was one of the honorable, highly-esteemed pioneer settlers, and contributed his full share toward improving and developing the country. He lived to be eighty years of age. His son, Daniel Leer, was born May 6, 1830, and his early scholastic training was received iu the primitive log school-house of pioneer days. As his youthful days were spent on a farm, and he was thoroughly familiar with every phase of that occupation, it was but natural that when starting out for himself he should choose that as his calling in life. When twenty-three years of age he was married to Miss MoUie. daughter of Jacob Dillman, and one child, Mary, was born to this union. After the death of his wife Mr. Leer married Miss Hannah Cripe, daughter of Benjamin Cripe (see sketch), and eleven children were born to them, seven of whom reached mature years. They were named as follows: Ira, John, Cora A., Hattie, Norman, Robert and Charles. Mr. Leer settled on his father's farm after his marriage, received for his share about 50 acres, and is now in com- fortable circumstances. In politics he is a Democrat. All his children have had good educational advantages and are upright, esteemed citizens. Mary married Noah Rensberger, a teamster of Goshen, and they have two children. Cora A. married Andrew Danger, and they reside in Goshen. They have one child. Mr. Leer is an honorable, industrious man, and one of the respected old settlers. He is now residing on land owned by his father more than a half century ago. Jonx LowRY. It is with the utmost gratification that the life history of one of our brave pioneers is included in this work for he has contributed his full share toward developing the country and changing the wilderness into the beautiful and prosperous State which Indiana is to-daj\ Since 18-19 Mr. Lowry has been a resi- dent of Elkhart county, Ind., and during that time his career as an upright, honor- able and industrious citizen has remained untarnished. Like many of the represent- ative citizens of the county he is a native of the Green Isle of Erin and is the son of Robert and Eliza (Kelley) Lowry. The grandfather, William Lowry, was a Scotch- Irishman and a successful farmer of County Down, Ireland. He occupied a tract of,land that was leased for ninety-nine years and on this the Lowry family had resided for a number of generations, some of the descendants now living on this farm. The Scotch-Irish people are a long-lived, sterling class of people and take an honest pride in their family and descendants. William Lowry gained a fair education for his day and married a lady whose maiden name was Miss Martin. Six children were born to them: William, John, Hugh, Robert, Eliza and Catherine. Mr. Lowry and family were Scotch Presbyterians and he was deacon iu the church for many years. After a long and useful life, he died at the age of eighty-two years. His wife was a descendant of a prominent Belfast family of lumber merchants and ship owners. After his death the lease descended to his sou, William Lowry, Jr. An- other son, Robert, father of our subject, was born on the old farm in County Down, and he too was fairly educated for his time and day. Early in life he learned the mercantile business in the town of Killileagh, and was married in that neighbor- hood to Miss Eliza Kelly, daughter to William Kelley. Twelve children were given them and named as follows: William, Eliza, John, Mary, Aujane, George, 558 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Eobert, Alexander, James, David, Hugh (died iu infancy), and Anna. Mr. Lowry followed merchandising for many years, was unusually successful in this and became quite wealthy. His children had good educational advantages, his eldest son Will- iam, receiving a college education. Mr. and Mrs. Lowry held membership in the Scotch Presbyterian church and were upright, straightforward people. Like his father, Mr. Lowry lived to a good old age, dying when eighty- four years of age. Five of his sons and one daughter settled in America: Alexander (a prosperous farm- er iu Missouri), James, Robert, David (a successful merchant in Keokuk. Iowa), John and Mary, all of whom married and reared families and are prosperous and respected people. Robert Lowry, son of the above ex-congressman was for many years judge at Ft. Wayne and is a lawyer still in active practice. James Lowry (deceased) re- sided for many years in Milwaukee, \\'is. , and was a master mechanic oq the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad. John Lowry, another sou of the above, and our subject, was born in County Down, Ireland in 1S15, and received a good common-school education. He began for himself by working in the cotton mills of his native country and in 1S40 came to America, settling in Maryland, where he worked in the cotton-mills at EUicott City, ten milles from Baltimore. There he married Miss Madeline Roach and two children were born to this union: Eliza, who died at the age of six years, and Lucy whose death occurred when twenty- two years of age. In 18-19 Mr. Lowry came to Elkhart county, Elkhart township, and settled on a partly cleared farm of sixty acres, which, by industry he cleared and made a good home. About 1879 he moved to Goshen and since that time he has made his home here. Mrs. Lowry died on August 26, 1891, and had been an exemplary member of the Methodist Church for years. Mr. Lowry has also been a member of that church for many years. He is a substantial man and owns two houses and lots in Goshen. In politics he is a Democrat. Mr. Lowry has now reached the age of seventy-six years, and although the frosts of many winters have whitened his hair and laid their impress in the lines of his face, his intellect is un- impaired and many years are still before him. The stock from which he sprang has furnished America some of her most prominent men. IsA.ic LiVENGOOD. Of the many prominent farmers of Elkhart county, Ind., Mr. Livengood is well worthy of mention, for he has resided in this section since he was one year old and has ever had its interests at heart. A product of Dark county, Ohio, born January 17, 1827, he was a son of Abraham and Catherine (Nofsinger) Livengood, who were born in Columbia county, Penn., both the Livengood and Nof- singer families being of Dutch extraction. The paternal grandfather, Peter Liven- good, emigrated to Dark county, Ohio, during the early history of that section and there he was called from life. The maternal grandfather took up his abode in Elk- hart county, Ind., in 1828, and settled just below the Beardsley paper-mill on the St. Joe River, where he entered some land. After a few years he concluded that pioneer life in Indiana did not suit him and he removed to Iowa, in which State he died. Abraham Livengood moved to Elkhart county in 1829 and settled on the farm which is still in possession of the family. A man by the name of Skinner had a claim on this property, but Mr. Livengood gave him a yoke of steers and $3 in silver, which liquidated this claim, and then paid §12.25 per acre for the remainder. The place comprised IGD acres; on it were erected two little log cabins, and after coming into possession of this property Mr. Livengood was a very proud and happy man. He broke ten acres of sod with a yoke of cattle, and his plow became so dull that lie took it to a blacksmith to have it sharpened, but the efforts of the latter did not improve it any and he eventually took it all the way to Niles, Mich., for repairs. An old Indian trail passed through his farm and Indians often stopped at his home to sta}' over night and to sell huckleberries. Mr. Livengood soon began to make better improvements, and now has one of the best farms in the county. In early days be was compelled to go to Niles to mill and had to ford the St. Joe River. The first year he had but ten acres of corn and grain, and ilEilOIUS OF IXJJIAXA. 559 the meat wbich he had was obtained principally from the surrounding woods and the neighboring streams. The father lived a very useful and energetic life and died in 1879. He was married twice, his first wife bearing him six children, five of whom are living: Isaac, Christopher, who is in Oregon; Ira, of Kansas; Ann and Joseph, of Kansas. Mr. Livengood took for bis second wife Mary Whitlig, by whom he had a large family: Edgar E., of Kansas; Ellen, of Indiana; William F., of Indiana; Alma, of Kausas; Rebecca, of Kansas; Edith, of Indiana; Albert E., of Indiana, and Frederick, of Ohio. Isaac Livengood became thoroughly familiar with farming and pioneer life in his youth, and many a day was spent in Lard labor in assisting his father to clear the home farm. He did not enter a school-room until he was ten years of age, then began learning the rudiments in a little log house, over whom John Hardy presided. Later he entered school at Jamestown, but the facilities for acquiring an education were very poor and he acquired only a fair knowledge of the "three E's." His early playmates were little Indian lioys and with them he practiced shooting with the bow and airow, in which he became quite expert. He wore homespun clothing and low old-fashioned shoes, but not- withstanding this was happy and care free. At the age of twenty-two years he began learning the miller's trade at Kingsbury, La Porte Co., lud., and for thirty years devoted his attention to this occupation at different points, but had always made his home on the old place. He was married in 1856 to Miss Hannah Ligget, by whom he has two children: Samuel E., of Halstead, Kan., and Sophia E., wife of William Farr, of Kankakee county. 111. The mother of these children died in 1861, since which time Mr. Livengood has remained unmarried. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and is one of the oldest, most reliable and respected citizens of the county. John Krau has been a very progressive and enterprising farmer in his day, but is now retired from the active duties of life and is enjoying the fruits of his early years of hard labor. A native of Germany, he was born at Landenhausen Bezirek Lauterbach-Grossherzogthum Hessen-Darmstadt, December 25. 1826, and is one of five surviving members of a family of seven children born to George and Elizabeth Krau, who spent their lives in Germany. John Krau was educated in the land of his birth and upon attaining suitable years began learning the paper-maker's trade and from 1848 to 1855 traveled through Germany, Switzerland and part of Italy and France making paper and pasteboard by hand and machinery. On May 25, 1855, he left Paris for Havre de Grace, where he took passage on a sailing vessel for America and landed at New York City on July 10, of the same year after a forty-two day's voyage. From New York he proceeded to Buffalo, went from there by boat to Detroit, from which place he went to South Bend, Ind., where he remained for about six months. In the spring of 1856 he began working in the paper-mill at Three Rivers, where he remained for over one year. In 1856 he was married to Miss Christina Dick, a native of Germany, and the year succeeding his marriage went to Rockton, 111., where he worked at his trade until the firm with which he was connected became insolvent. Milwaukee, Wis., next became the scene of his operations, but after remaining there only a few months he went to Beloit, where he made his home until March 1, 1862, when his health failed and he came to Goshen and still later to Elkhart, taking up his residence in the latter place in October, 1862, where he has since been engaged in butchering and stock dealing as well as giving much of bis attention to building. He came to this country without capital, having only enough to pay his expenses for a few days, but bis industry ami perse- verance carried him over this time and he soon found himself out of deep water and in receipt of an income which has so increased in proportions that he is now con- sidered a wealthy man. He is the owner of two exceptionally fine farms, both well improved, consisting of 452 acres, for which he paid §30,000. He has done consid- erable building in Elkhart and is the owner of some fine and valuable residences and business blocks in the city. He is a gentleman who has always been very enterpris- 560 I'ICTOIUAL AND BIOG liAl'lI ICM. inc, has always been iuduHtrions and pushing and lias done niucL toward building up and improving the city of Elkhart. He has four sous: John, William, Charles and George, all of whom are intelligent and self-supporting young men and natives of Elkhart. Mr. Krau speaks several different languages and is well known for his intelligence and sound and practical views on all sulijects of impt)rtance. Daniel P. Knitrz is the third .son of Paul and Mary (Shively) Kurtz, a sketch of whom appears in this volume. Daniel P. was born in Harrison townshii), near Har- rison Center School-house November 25, 1803, was reared to a knowledge of farm life and acquired his literary education in the common country schools. While acquir- iurr his knowledge of the "world of books" he assisted his father on the farm and from his industrious, thrifty and honorable parents learned lessons that have been of great benetit to him in his walk through life. Ho remained with his parents until twenty years of age, then engaged in the erecting of wind pumps, a calling which occupied his attentiou for two years at Ashland, Ashland Co.. Ohio, but his earnings went to his parents until he became of age. He returned to his native State and fol lowed the same occupation until in the fall of 1SS7, when he went to (California and located in Los Angeles county, where he worked at the carpenter's trade for over a year. He was quite successful while in that State, and was much impressed by the beauty and fertility of the country, but in 1SS9 returned to his native State and county and took up the occupation of threshing, which occupation he followed for two seasons in company with his brother, L. P. Kurtz, and found it a profitable source of revenue. In 1891 they traded their outfit for the property owned by C. M. Boutreger & Son, on which a saw-mill was located, and since that time have been successfully engaged in sawing lumber and in the general saw-mill business. This mill is well equip|)ed anil has a capacity of '20,000 feet per day, and they make a specialty of finishing lumber. The plant is located on the Southeast corner of Sec- tion 4 and is one of the most valuable of its kind in the county. Besides sawing lumber they make large (juanities of lath and also grind feed. They have shown themselves to be enterprising and energetic young men and have the entire conlidence of all who know them in a business way. Daniel P. is a young man who is dee])ly interested in the current issues of the day, is well-read and is decidedly piiblic-spirited. He was married June 19, 1892, to Miss Christie Hay, the daughter of John Hay (see sketch). They are now living near the mill. Mrs. Kurtz is a worthy member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, anil is an intelligent and amiable lady. She was reared on her father's handsome and valuable farm west of Goshen. She and her husband are much respected in the neighborhooil, where they reside and enjoy a wide circle of friends. They give every promise of l)ecoming wealthy and fully deserve such good fortune for they are industrious, thrifty and honorable. The younger member of the lirm L. P. Kurtz, was born on the old home farm in Harrison township, April 10, ISOo, attended the Kurtz School and embarked inl)usi- ness with his brother, Daniel P. as above stated. He is an honorable and industri- ous young man, and for some tin\e has been inarrieors and but few advantages for obtaining an education. Under these circumstances William D. Platter passed his boyhood and early manhood. Few were the opiiortunities that were presented even for the most energetic and thrifty to obtain more than a bare living, but young Platter, with a zeal and energy that have been char- 34 583 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPUICAL acteristic of his life ever since, decided to dare and do, and, if such a thing were possible, to gain a competency, and with this end in view set energeticallj' to woikto accomplish his purpose. His first decided efforts in this direction were when he becan in a modest way to manufacture pumps. He would select the timber stand- ing in the woods and from this, with his own hand and unaided by the many mag- nificent devices of the present time, manufacture his own pumps. It was "making them from the stump" in the fullest sense of the term. From this small and slow beginning he steadily increased his business until it has culminated in both the Goshen and I. X. L. Pump Manufactories of Goshen — two enterprises that reflect crreat credit upon their originator and that are of great pecuniary benefit to the town in which they are located. Besides these industries he has been closely identified with many other concerns that have materially assisted in making Goshen the great manufacturing and commercial town that it is. In fact, he is of the stuff of which model citizens are made, for besides being industrious and enterprising he is public spirited to a degree. He has always been keenly alive to his own interests, but never to such a degree as to defraud or take advantage of his fellows, his record beinc especially spotless in this respect. Although he has always been a stanch Republican he has never aspired to office. He is a member of the Reformed Church and has lived the life of a consistent Christian. He takes an active interest in edu- cational and religious objects, and he is notably a generous man in his gifts and benefactions to the poor and needy. He was elected vice-president and director of the State Bank of Goshen, which was formerly the Farmers' & Citizens' Bank, and in this capacity showed himself to be the right man in the right place. He was a strong Union man during the war and contributed liberally of his means to carry it on. The output of his pump manufactories and other concerns, lumber included, amounts to about $150,000 annually. On June 5, 1852, Miss Mary Stutsman, a most worthy lady, became his wife, but was called from life October 8, 1879. The parents of William D. were George and Ann (Andrews) Platter, the former of whom was born in Ross county, Ohio, and the latter in Maryland. They were married in Ohio and became the parents of eight children, four of whom are yet living. Chris- ley Platter, the father of George, was a native of Germany, but left the Fatherland to seek a home in a new country and among a strange people. He eventually drifted to Ohio where he married and reared a family. He served as a soldier in the colo- nial army during the Revolution. Both George and Ann Platter are deceased. After the death of his first wife William D. Platter took for his second wife, in 1883, Lucy Mishler, a native of Johnstown, Penn. He is now one of the trustees in building a Reformed Church in Goshen and has agreed to pay one half of the cost of building the new church, which will amount to about §8,000 when completed. Hon. John B. Walk. The vocation of the pharmacist is unquestionably a highly important one in any and every community, for upon his care and skill, almost as much as that displayed by the medical profession, oftentimes depends the physical welfare of the sick and ailing. Mr. Walk has an attractive store in Goshen, which is deservedly accorded the recognition of the medical profession and the liberal ■ patronage of the general piiblic. His store is fitted with every convenience, espe- cially as regards its prescription department, and his stock of drugs includes every- thing needed in the trade, consisting of pharmaceutical supplies, patent medicines, physicians' supplies, fine perfumeries and such fancy articles as are usually found in a first class pharmacy. Mr. Walk was born in Stark county, Ohio, September 24, 1847, a son of Jacob M. and Catherine (Staub) Walk, the former of whom was born in Lancaster county. Penn., and the latter in Germany. She came to the United States with her parents when three years old and was reared in this country. She was called from life in Ohio after having borne a family of three sons and two daughters, all of whom are living but are widely separated. Throughout life Jacob M. Walk followed the occupation of farming, and on the old homestead in Ohio the subject of this sketch spent his early days, his initiatory education being obtained MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 583 in the cominoQ countiy schools, but which was supplemented by a two years' attend- ance in Mount Union College. Upon leaving this institution he became a clerk in a drug store in Canton, but in 1872, in company with his brother. Henry M. , he came to Goshen and embarked in the drug trade, their partnership successfully continu- ing for twelve years. At the end of this time John B. purchased his brother's inter- est and has since conducted the establishment alone. He is an expert, thorough, conscientious pharmacist, who thoroughlj- understands the business, and his charges are always reasonable. On the 27th of November, 1871, Miss Mary Lewis became his wife. She was born in Armstrong connty, Penn., in January, 1S50, and has borne her husband one child, Wilina, who was born on the 27th of March, 1875. Mr. Walk has been a lifelong Republican and has taken an active part in his party's councils and aided in all ways in his power in its battles. He has held the office of city clerk, and is the present most efficient, trusty and faithful mayor of Goshen. In the last mentioned capacity he is alive to the interests of the town, has done a great deal to improve it in many ways, and is considered one of the most capaljle and faithful men that ever filled that chair. He is a member of the Masonic order and has taken the Council degrees. He has held the office of master, high priest and illustrious master, and is the present master of Goshen Lodge, No. 12, F. & A. M. Mr. Walk is progressive in his ideas and tendencies and favors all reforms and enter- prises that tend to build up the locality in which he resides, or that will benefit his fellow man. A. P. Kent, one of the publishers and proprietors of the Elkhart Review, a local newspaper that appeals to all classes, was born in Adrian. Mich. , May 19, 1847, but his parents. Burton and Caroline (Palmer) Kent, were born in Derry. N. H. , and Unadilla, N. Y. , respectively. The father was a civil engineer by profession, and for many years followed this occupation in Adrian. Mich., whither he moved in 1844, and where he is still living. A. P. Kent was educated in Hamilton College of Clin- ton, N. Y., at which institution he graduated in 1870. The year following this he came to Elkhart, and with the intention of devoting his life to journalism, purchased an interest in the Weekly Review. It is published in the interests of the community, and especial attention is paid to local affairs. Moreover, it reviews intelligently the public issues of the day, its editorials are ably written, and Mr. Kent does not hesitate to express his views in forcible and convincing language, especially upon any question of reform. Its advertising columns are well tilled and show that the merchants of Elkhart appreciate it as a medium for making themselves known to the public. In 1872 the proprietors established the Daily Review, which has been piib- lished continuously ever since, and which has met with undoubted success. During the years that he has been a resident of Elkhart, he has won his way to a high place in the estimation of its citizens; in fact, he has the happy faculty of winning friends, and keeping them after they are won. The cause of education has ever found in him a stanch friend, and from 1879 to 1882 he ably filled the position of superin- tendent of the public schools of Elkhart, during which time he made unceasing ef- forts to raise the standard of education. He has made a success of enterprises to which he has directed his attention. In 1874 Miss Emma L. Newell, who was horn in Concord, N. H. , in 1856, became his wife. John Himbaugh is one of the foremost business men of Goshen, Ind. , and runs the largest dairy in the city. He is a descendant of good old Pennsylvania stock, his father, George Himbaugh, as well as his grandfather, George Himbaugh, Sr. , being natives of Snyder county, Penn. The grandfather was a large farmer in his county and became quite well to do. His marriage resulted in the birth of seven children: Henry, John, Jacob George, Peter, Michael, Catherine and Mary. The father of these children was a Lutheran in his religious belief and died on his farm in Pennsylvania. He was an honorable and industrious man. George Him- baugh, Jr., father of subject, received a common-school education and when six- teen years of age went to Ohio. He learned the stone mason's trade, but his princi- 584 PICTORIAL AND BIOOHAPIIICAL pal occupation iu life was tilling the soil and he was unusually successful in this. He was one of the pioneers of Portage county, Ohio, and cleared up a farm from the heavy timber, eighty acres, to which ho added from time to time until he owned 120 acres of excellent land. He was married in the Buckeye State to Miss Margaret Shick, who bore him twelve children as follows: Catherine, Peter, Mary, Levi. John, Lavina, Henry, Christian, Reriben, Margaret, Benjamin (deceased), and Nathan. Mr. and Mrs. Himbangh are members of the Lutheran Church, and in politics the former was a stanch Democrat. In 1852 Mr. Himbaugh came to Elkhart county, Ind., brouo-ht his family, and settled in Concord towuship, on a partly cleared farm of 160 acres. This he Huished clearing and made a good home, having excellent buildino-s and other improvements. His death occurred on this farm when sixty-six vears of acre. He was a hard-working, industrious man, aud a liberal supporter of iiis church, having assisted with his means in building the Lutheran church in Con- cord township. His son, John Himbaugh, was born on the old home place in Portage county, Ohio, November, 25, 18-10, and the common schools afforded him a fair education. When twelve years of age he came with his parents to Elkhart county Ind., and another twelve years saw him wedded to Miss Martha A., daughter of Hezekiah Jameson. Two children, Charles (born December 9, 1865) and Myrtle (born December 3, 1869), were the fruits of this union. After marriage Mr. Himbaugh remained on his father's farm for a number of years and then moved to Jefferson township, this county, where he remained until 1873. From there he moved to Goshen, and in 1879 he embarked in the dairy business. He is now the largest •dairyman in Goshen, usually keeps a herd of thirty cows, aud has a prosperous busi- ness". In 1886 he bought afarm near Nappanee of 120 acres and this he rents. In polities he is a Democrat. Mrs. Himbaugh died in 1871 and Mr. Himbaugh mar- ried Miss Margaret A. Dausman, daughter of Jacob and Margaret (Snyder) Daus- man. Mr. Dausman came from Germany to this country when sixteen years of age, and married here. To Mr. and Mrs. Himbaugh have been born two children: W. A., born July 13, 1876, and Orlo C, born April 7, 1878. Mr. Himbaugh is a prac- tical agriculturist and runs a farm of 150 acres besides his dairy business. He is a substantial citizen and a man of integrity of character. Mr. Himbaugh and wife are believers in education and are sending their children to the graded school of Goslieu. Mrs. Himbaugh's father was a tailor by trade and could speak the German and French language. He settled iu Indiana, was married there to Miss Margaret Snyder, daughter of Jacob and Snyder, of Huntington, county, Ind. Jacob Snyder Was of pioneer Dutch stock and descended from an old colonial family. He was one of the pioneers of Huntington county, Ind.. and cleared up a farm from the timber. He was the father of a large family of children and died in Huntington county, Ind., when quite aged. Immediately following his marriage Mr. Dausman settled on land in Mt. Etna, Ind., and cleared up a farm. A number of years later he moved to Elkhart county, Ind. , settling in Concord township. His death occurred when fifty-six years of age. Both Mr. and Mrs. Dausman were members of the Ger- man ReformedChurch and he was a Democrat in politics. Ethan A., son of Mr. Daus- man and brother of Mrs. Himbaugh, was born in Elkhart county, January 3. 1862. and received a common-school education. He also attended the Valparaiso Normal School and read law with Daniel Zook, Esq., of Nappanee. He began the practice of his profession in the last named town in 1886 and met with flattering success from the start. In May, 1892, he came to Gosheu and has built up a practice. In politics he is a stanch Democrat and has been a candidate for State senator on that ticket. He is entirely a self-made man, having gained his education by his own ef- forts and his record is untarnished. Mrs. Himbaugh is a member of the Reformed Church and a lady of unusual ability. George Fkeese, Se., was born in Rhanderfahn. East Freesland, Germany, Jan- uary 2, 1831, lieing a son of Bernhard Freese, a sailor, who lost his life iu the North Sea, and was buried on the Island of Hilgerland in 1841. George was one of four MEitOIRS OF I y DIANA. 585 children, the eldest of whom was drowned at the same time as his father and buried by his side. The second child was John, who is still in the old country; the next was the subject of this sketch, and the youngest was a daughter who never came to this country. George Free.se was but ten years of age at the time his father was drowned, soon after which he was taken to raise by an uncle, but, inheriting the love of salt water from his father, he ran away at the age of twelve years and went to sea. For fourteen years he was a sailor on the ocean, and during that time visited many different countries of the New and Old Worlds, such as South America, IheHoly Laud and other countrie.s. He made his first trip to this country when a bo}' of fourteen years, after which he made a number of trips to New York City, and finally took up his residence there, and was married on January 9, 1855, to Miss Catherine Bohn, who was born in South Germany on the beautiful river Rhine. She came to this country with some lady friends a few years before her marriage. She was born February 11,1829. George Freese continued to follow the sea after his marriage, but was persuaded by his wife to abandon it. and the incident leading thereto is worthy of mention. He was to sail on the Washington steamer, and the same was about to leave port with a large cargo for foreign parts, which consisted of gunpowder and Tarious other things. His wife was with him on the docks, and had their only child, Bernhard, in her arms. She implored him not to go. saying that something told her that he would never come back, and he finally gave up his intended trip and returned with her to their home. Two weeks later this steamer was lost at sea, being blown up. This was the turning point in the life of George Freese, and he began working in a butter and egg house in New York City, and a few years later he bought out the business and continued alone for sometime. After selling out his establishment he moved to Freeport. 111., where he opened a like establishment, but was not satisfied with the business done at that point, and sold out for the purpose of returning with his family to New York City, but on reaching Elkhart, Ind., the thought struck him that this would be a good business point, and here, in 1859, he established a butter and egg emporium, which he successfully conducted for eight years. He then sold his business and with his family took a trip to his native land, and on account of the ill health of his wife remained about four months. They then returned to America and settled at Crown Point, Ind., where he once more began dealing in butter and eggs, but, not liking the place, sold out and bought out a business in Goshen. Ind., and for eighteen years was a resident of that town. In 1880 he sold out to Turpen & Harris, of Union City, Ind. , and moved to Cresco. Iowa, where he started in busi- ness by buying out a butter concern, but did not remain there long. He returned to Goshen, opened a real estate office, and erected a number of buildings. He was not satisfied with his choice of business, so disposed of it and came to Nappauee, where, in companj' with J. B. Eckhart, he became interested in a butter tub factory, and at the end of one year Ijought out Mr. Eckhart and carried on the business alone. In the meantime he started a general store in company with Mr. Fluegel. which con- tinued four years. During this time Freese, Fluegel & Co. started a creamer}- busi- ness, anil four years later George Freese bought out the interest of the company and began looking after the entire business. In 1887 he sold his butter tub factory to B. UHne, and in 1886 disposed of his mercantile business also. He continued to conduct a creamery and egg business until his death. In 1890 he changed the name of the business to George Freese & Sous, giving the three eldest sons equal shares, and before his death he asked that the name of the firm should not be changed. He died on August 23, 1890, at the age of fifty-nine years, his widow still surviving him in her sixty-fourth year. She is the mother of six children: Bernhard, born in New York City December 18, 1856; Kittie, also born there in 1858, is a widow (Mrs. Fale.'-). and resides in Nappanee with her mother, having one son, George; George, Jr., was born at Elkhart, Ind., April 21, 1861: John F. was born at Elkhart in 1865; Lucmda died when ten mouths old; Edward, tbe youngest, was born at Goshen in 1872, and is living with his mother. Mrs. Freese is a member of the Methodist Episco- 586 PICTORIAL A^D BIOGUAPIIIVAL pal Church. About twenty five years before his death her husband became conuected ■with the Methodist Church, and remained true to that faith until the last. Although his early life was in great contrast to his later career, he ever conducted himself in a manner becoming au honorable man, and had scarcely an enemy, but on the con- trary niunerous friends. He was an active worker in church ailairs, was very gener- ous in the use of his money for the furtherance of the Christian doctrine, and in his native town of Germany he erected a Methodist Church at a heavy cost to himself. In politics he was first a Republican, but later became a Prohibitionist, and was much interested in temperance work. His energy brought him in ample returns, and he left not only a large amount of money to his children, but also the heritage of an unsullied name. He was genial and generous in disposition, those who had business relations with him were his friends, and at all times his voice was loud in advocating good causes. His example was felt by all who knew him, and he reared his sons to believe in truth, justice and right, and to become honest and industrious business men. He sent his two eldest sons to be educated in the German Wallace College of Berea, Ohio, the two youngest receiving their educations in the high schools of Goshen and Nappanee. The health of Mrs. Freese has not been good for some years, but she greatly enjoys the society of her children and her many friends. Mr. Freese handled butter and eggs for so long that his name became well known through- out the county, and any tub of butter marked with his name was a sufficient guaran- tee that the article was of the best, as well as that the tub contained the correct num- ber of pounds. He established a plant in the way of a creamery that was capable of making 2,000 pounds of butter per day, and he invented many ways and means to facilitate the handling of butter and eggs. The business, which is now carried on by his son, is prosperous, and is managed on the plan which was established by the father. Bernhard Freese, the eldest son, was a child when his father settled in Elkhart and in the schools of that city and Goshen he received his early education, later attending college in Ohio as above stated. As soon as old enough he began assist- ing his father in business, all his time when out of school being spent in his father's place of business. He has followed in the footsteps of his father in his views of pol- itics, and was first a Republican and now a Prohibitionist. He is pirblic spirited, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is now a trustee in the same at Nappanee. He is a member of the E. of P. and is a young man of excellent habits, and is classed among the best business men of the thriving town of Nappanee. November 11, ISSO, he was united in marriage to Miss Louisa Fluegel, who was a daughter of William and Louisa Fluegel, both of whom were born in Germany, and came to this country about 1855, settling in Goshen, Ind. There the father died on June 21, 1886, the mother being still a resident of that place. She bore nine chil- dren, the following of whom are living: William, Louisa, Lena, Amelia and Ida. The rest died in infancy. Mrs. Freese was born in Goshen, March 5, 1859, and in the public schools of Go.shen obtained her education. She has borne her husband one child, Karl, who was born November 18, 1883. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is deeply interested in church work, and she and her husband are classed among the substantial residents of Nappanee. George Freese, Jr., is no less prominent in business circles than was his father, and is well known throughout northern Indiana. He is the second son and third child born to his parents, and first saw the light of day on April 21, 1801. Besides attending the public schools of his native place he attended college in Ohio, and by applying himself closely to his studies while there he was a well-informed young man upon leaving the institution. He has since devoted himself to the business founded by his father, and his early efforts have borne abundant fruit, for his repu tation as a business man has extended all over the northern part of the State. He acts as traveling salesman for the firm of George Freese' s Sons, and in that capacity had advanced the business to a remarkable degiee. He is practical, far-seeing and MEMOIUS OF INDIANA. 587 shrewd, yet has always carried out the pronounced principles for which the firm has al- ways been distiucjuished. and is strictly honorable in all his business transactions. He is far above the average man in bxisiness ability, and manifested these practical quali- ties when he, at an early day, first entered upon his duties in his father's establishment. From his noble father he learned lessons of honesty, industry and prudence which have been his stepping stones to success. He is cordial and genial in his manners, is an agreeable companion and his friends are innumerable. He is a gentleman in the truest sense of the word, is generous in contributing to enterprises that deserve his consideration, and socially is a member of the K. of P. Lodge of Nappanee, in which he occupies a prominent place. He is well-known along the line of the Balti- more & Ohio Railroad, as well as various other roads, and all the towns in northern Indiana are familiar with the butter made at the creamery of George Freese's Sous. He is a stanch Republican, is much interested in politics, and is well posted on the leading questions of the day. He selected for a wife Miss Sadie Edger, who was born in Syracuse. Ind. , November 30, 18(52, being one of nine children born to Thomas and Julia (Atterburg) Edger, the former of whom was born in the State of New York and came to Indiana at an early day, settling at Leesburg. He was a soldier in the late war and died in 1879, his widow's death occumng in 1891. Their children were as follows: William, Margaret, Sadie, Charles, Thomas, Pearl, Mary, Lou and Fred. Mrs. Freese was reared in Leesburg, and there obtained her education. She is an accomplished needlewoman and is also skilled in painting. She and her hus- band are living in a cosy and comfortable home on Main street, where their many friends are ever welcome. John F. Freese, the fourth child born to George Freese, was bom in August, 1865, in Elkhart, and is at present an active member of the well-known firm of George Freese's Sons. He attended the schools of Goshen and Nappanee, where he thoroughly fitted himself for the practical business life he has led. Like his brothers, when quite young, he entered the business house of his father, and there gained a practical insight into the details of the establishment, and he is by no means a silent partner of the concern. He also acts as a traveling salesman of the firm, and does business in the various towns of the county, as well as in those of the adjoining coun- ties. He is a young man of good habits, is of a social disposition, and his friends are many wherever he is known. He is a member of the Prohibition party, and socially is a member of the K. of P. of Nappanee. He is very fond of fine horses, has a number of thoroughbreds, and is considered an exceptionally good judge of horse flesh. He was united in marriage to Miss Emma Hemminger, daughter of Jacob Hemminger, and by her has one daughter. They reside on Main street in Nappanee. Edward Freese is the youngest son of George Freese, and is a native of Goshen, where he was born in 1872. He is well educated, and is showing himself to be a young man of tine business qualifications, and his prospects for a successful future are bright. He is unmarried and is living with his mother and sister at the family residence on Main street. He takes ab active interest in the afEairs of the firm, owns an equal share in the business, and is a young man of excellent habits. Jons Lusher, Sr., now living in La Porte, lud., is a worthy representative of that honest, industrious and law-abiding class that has helped make America the most favored nation on the face of the globe. Of poor but honest parentage, his birth occurred in Canton Argau, Switzerland. January 29. 1813, being one in a family of two sons and two daughters bom to the marriage of Jacob Lusher and Mary Walty, who lived and died in their native country. The compulsory school laws of Switzerland enabled John Lusher to secure a more than common education, and when yet a Ixsy he mastered the machinist's trade. For a wife he selected Mary, the daughter of John Rudolph Luthy, her mother's maiden name being Blackman, and their early wedded life was passed by Mr. Lusher in working at the blacksmith's trade. Finding that he could only barely provide the necessities of life for himself 588 PICTORIAL AND BIOGIiAPUICAL aud family by working early and late, he determined to risk everything by leaving the land of his birth to seek a nevF home in the great Republic across the sea. Together with his wife and live children he left Switzerland for London, and from there they took passage on the British sailing vessel "Henry," bound for New York. The barbarous cruelty of the captain in jJroviding only the poorest rations, and not half enough of them, for his steerage passengers, caused a great deal of sickness, and to Mr. and Mrs. Lusher it meant the death of one child, Rudolph, who was buried at sea. Six weeks were consumed in making the voyage, and upon arrival in this country they first settled near Tiffin, Ohio, where Mr. Lusher worked at his trade. Later he moved to Clyde, Ohio, where he followed blacksmithing, but his ignorance of the language and customs of America resulted in loss by reason of dis- honest persons taking undue advantage of him. From here he moved to Adrian, Mich.; La Porte, Ind. ; and Iowa, residing a short time in eacli place, losing in the latter State every dollar he possessed, and being compelled to borrow money with which to purchase transportation back to Indiana. Again locating in La Forte, he has ever since made it his home, and has won the respect of all his neighbors by reason of his industry and honesty. For 3'ears he was engaged in the railroad car shops at this place, but, owing to his advanced age, is now living a practically retired life. Being of an inventive turn of mind he conceived and had patented an ingenious device for slicing vegetables, which, for simplicity and utility, at once commends itself to the public. From the sale of this invention Mr. Lusher realizes a com- fortable income. Mrs. Mary Lusher, the wife of John Lusher, Sr. , was always a faithful wife and devoted mother. She shared the adversities of life with Christian fortitude and reared her children in the belief that the proper mode of life was to do good, be honest, and above all to follow that divine injunction: " Do unto oth- ers as you would be done by." After living a long life of usefulness she died at La Porte on Tuesday, November 29, 1892, and was buried two days later. Mr. Lusher yet survives her, a hale, hearty old man, carrying the weight of eighty years on bis shoulders with the ease that many men do when twenty years younger. Of the fourteen children born to him and wife only seven are now living. A brief sketch of each of these seven is here given: John Lusher, born in Switzerland on Novem- ber 9, 1840, became a resident of La Porte, Ind., when twenty years old, where he worked in railroad shops ten years. Since 1873 he has been a general merchant at Elkhart, Ind. , where he is considered one of the substantial and well-to-do men of the place. In 1859 he married Cynthia Garland, who died after bearing a family of six children. In 1874 he married his present wife, who vyas formerly Rhoda Her- rold. Samuel Lusher was born November 27, 1842, and has been twice married — first to Sarah Garrett, who bore him seven children, and his second wife being Bertha Owens. He is now engaged in business at Sac City, Iowa, where he is recognized as one of the leading citizens. Mary Lusher was born May 28, 1847, married Gil- bert R. Tyrrell, is the mother of two sons and resides in La Porte, Ind. Rosa Lusher was born January 11, 1854, wedded Matthew Herrold, by whom she is the mother of one son and three daughters, and is a resident of Elkhart, Ind. Rudolph Lusher was born April 26, 1857, at Adrian, Mich., was reared to manhood in La Porte, Ind., where he received a common-school education, and where he learned, and for a time worked at the machinist's trade. In company with his brother Frank he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Sac City, Iowa, for a time, but for the past few years has been successfully engaged in merchandising at Elkhart, Ind. Julia Lusher was born April 2, 1860, and is the only one of the children living at the old home in La Porte, Ind. Frank Lusher is the youngest one of the family now living. He vvas born at La Porte, Ind., October 14, 1882, aud attended school until about fourteen years old. For about a year he then clerked at Elkhart for his brother John; then, in compan}' with Rudolph, opened a gro- cery and crockery store at Sac City, Iowa. Their motto was to sell for cash, make many sales and small profits. Their business was a success, but in order MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 689 to be near their parents, wLo were growing old, they sold out and returned to Indiana. For the past few years Frank and Rudolph, under the firm name of Lusher Bros. , have conducted a profitable mercantile business in Elkhart. Being young men of energy and ability, they have justly attained the rank of being among the foremost merchants of Elkhart. John H. Walters is a native of Mahoning county, Ohio, where he was born July 7, 1852. When only nine months old he was brought to the State of Indiana, and on a farm in Elkhart county he grew to manhood, obtaining his education in the district schools near his rural home. He followed farming until about 1884, commenciug for himself about 1878, but in the former year he abandoned the work and began dealing in grain at Teegarden in Marshall county, where he lived for six years. Following this he came to Nappanee and after working fonr years in the box factory of Coppes Bros., he entered the store of his brother, in whose drug store he has since remained. He was married in 1875 to Miss Christina Weaver, whose birth occurred in Ohio, January 14, 1855, she being a daughter of David and Bardric (Kauffman) Weaver, who were of German descent and natives of Pennsyl- vania. They came to Indiana from Ohio about 1870. The result of Mr. Weaver's union has been seven children: Ammial, Rebecca, Christena, Mary, Lucinda, David and Susan. Mr. and Mrs. Walters have three children: Melvina, who was born January 14, 1876; Nora, born March 22, 1878, and Daniel, born January 26, 1879. The family attend the Amish Menuonite Church, and in his political views Mr. Walters is independent, voting for the man rather than the party. He is devoting his earnest attention to the drug business, is now doing well financially, and has a good home in the eastern part of Nappanee. He met with reverses in the grain business, having been burned out, and thus lost everything that he owned. He is actively identified with school and church matters, as well as kindred enterprises for the benefit of his community, and is a well-respected citizen. James A. Roach inherits the sturdy perseverance of his English ancestors, for from that country the founders of the family came and settled in the woods of Pennsylvania, where they identified themselves with the religious sect — the Quakers — and tradition says they were among the original settlers of the Keystone State. The paternal great-grandfather of James A. Roach lived in Virginia, where he fol- lowed the calling of a gunsmith and made many of the old-fashioned flint-lock guns for the continental army during the Revolutionary period. Mahlan Roach, the grandfather, was born in Lancaster county, Va., and in early life followed the calling of a miller. He was married on Virginia soil, and by his wife became the father of one child, Francis. About 1816 he moved to Warren county, Ohio, and settled on a large tract of wild land which he bought, and there he cleared up two good farms, becoming a substantial and wealthy farmer. His second wife was Elizabeth Young, of the city of Washington, daughter of Abraham Young and one of the proprietors of the original tract of land on which the city of Washington now stands. He was also wealthy and died in 1798. The second union of Mr. Roach resulted in the birth of seven children: James, William, John, Charles, Abraham, Ann and Sarah. The father of these children attained to the advanced age of eighty-four years, his death occurring in 1852. He was a Quaker and his second marriage was out of the church, since which time the family has not identified itself with that religious denomination. He was a man whose judgment was respected by the people and for many years he discharged the duties of justice of the peace and adjusted the difiiculties of his neighbors with great fairness. James A. Roach, his son and the father of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, was born on his father's farm in Loudoun county, Va., January 2, 1811, and was given such educa- tional advantages as could be had in his day, at the same time learning the details of farming. At the age of about seven years he was taken by his parents to Ohio where he attained man's estate and led to the altar Mariah, daughter of Jeremiah Hamplon, one of the early settlers of Warren county, Ohio from Virginia, and the 590 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL father of a large family of children. To Mr. anrl Mrs. James Roach eight children were born: Mahlau F., Thomas W., James A., Elizabeth (who died at the age of eighteen years), John A., Charles (who died when fifteen years of age), Franklin F. (who died during the Civil war while serving in Company I, Seventy-fourth Indiana Volunteer Infantrj), and Sarah J. After his marriage Mr. Koach resided in Ohio until his three eldest children were born, moving to Elkhart county, Ind., in the fall of 1840, and settling on a farm near Benton, March 4, 1841, which then consisted of 120 acres, only five acres of which were cleared. By the exercise of brain and brawn he increased his land to 520 acres and gave each of his children eighty acres, or nearly that amount. He was interested in and a patron of the pub- lic schools, was first an old line Whig in politics and afterward a Republican, and died at the age of forty- eight years, October 14, 1858, a highly honored citizen. He left a well-respected family of children who are now honorable citizens of the county. James A. Roach, whose name heads this sketch, is a product of Warren county, Ohio, his natal day and year being March 18, 183S, and was not yet three years of age when brought hj his parents to Indiana. When quite a small boy he began to assist his father on the farm, for much labor was required to clear the heavy timber land of that region, but in the meantime he acquired a practical education in the pioneer schools of his day and afterward attended school at Goshen and Hillsdale, Mich. Being extremely patriotic, he was one of the first to respond to his country's call for troops. He returned home from school and in the fall of 1861, on the 16th of October, he enlisted in Company K, Thirtieth Regiment Indiana Volunteer In- fantry, the fortunes of which he followed for three long years. He was in the battles of Liberty Gap, Teun.. siege of Corinth, siege of Atlanta and in numerous skirmishes. In the latter siege of Atlanta his regiment was under fire for 105 days, out of 125 days. He was also in the battles of Jonesboro and Peach Tree Creek. The first time he was taken ill during his service he was in the hospitals at Nashville and Louisville and received a furlough home for three days. He rejoined his regiment just prior to the siege of Corinth, but was again taken sick and four weeks were spent in the Louisville hospital. Upon convalescing he again rejoined his regiment. He did gallant and faithful service while in the army, fearlessly faced rebel bullets and was true to every trust reposed in him. On November 17, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Paulina, daughter of Samuel and Nancy (Woods) Baker, the former of whom was born in Madison county, Ohio, of English parents. He was the father of six children who lived to grow up: Abigail, Mary R., Ann E., Josephine, Paulina and Commodore P. Mr. Baker was a farmer of Kosciusko county, Ind., but became a farmer of Elkhart county in 1844, his land amounting to 120 acres, all of which he cleared and improved. He and his wife were members of the Church of God, in which he was class leader for six years. He died in 18 — at the age of fifty-three years, a substantial farmer, and an industrious, progressive and useful citizen. He was a Republican politically. Mrs. Roach was born Febru- ary 11, 1845, and after her marriage she and her husband settled on their present farm, which then consisted of 130 acres of partly cleared land, to which he has since added forty acres more. This land is fertile, well tilled and nicely improved with buildings, fences, etc. Mr. and Mrs. Roach have two children: Carrie D., born August 13, 1872, and Albert, born October 6, 1875; the former of whom attended the normal school at Valparaiso. Ind., and has successfully taught six terms of school, her first term being taught at the extremely youthful age of fourteen years. Mrs. Roach is a member of the Church of God, and Mr, Roach is a Republican politically. He occupies a high position in the estimation of the jDeople and is known as a man of strict integrit}' of character. Dr. Amos C. Jackson is one of the highly respected and honored citizeng of Goshen, and has been identified with the medical profession as one of the oldest pioneer physi- cians of Elkhart county. In 1846 he began the practice of medicine at Goshen, but this was two years later than his preceptor and business associate. Dr. M. M. Latta, MEMOIRS OF IXDIAXA. 591 another pioueer physician of this city. Dr. Jackson is a descendant of good old American colonial Virginia stock of Scotch descent. His grandfather, Peter Jackson, was born in Greenbrier county, Va., and was married there. He was the father of two sons — John and William— and several daughters. At an early day Mr. Jackson moved to Koss county, Ohio, and was one of the pioneers of that county, settling on Deer Creek, where his death occurred at the advanced age of eighty-four years. He was a man of strong constitution, and when quite aged rode horseback to this county to visit his relatives. This was in 1838, and he returned in the same manner after a visit of a few months. His nephew Ira and niece Elizabeth accompanied him on his return trip, the journey being about 300 miles. Mr. Jackson was a substantial farmer of Ross county and a respected and much-esteemed pioneer citizen. His judg- ment was respected by the peoi^le and he was one of the early justices of the peace. His son, Colonel John Jackson, the father of the original of this notice, was born in Greenbrier county, Va., in 1700, and went to Eoss county, Ohio, with his father when a boy. He was reared amid the pioneer scenes of that county and received a very good common-school education for his day. He married Catherine Carr, daugh- ter "of Gideon Carr, of Dutch descent, and to Mr. and Mrs. Jackson were born ten children: Mary, Elizabeth, Ira. Amos. Henry (who died young), Hagee, Martha, William, Peter" and Ann. This is the order of birth. Mr. Jackson cleared his farm in Ross township of the heavy timber and made a good home. He was a soldier in the War of 1812 and was one of the men who was in the expedition to break up the Pottawattomie Indian village at the south end of Elkhart Prairie in 1812, on the farm now occupied by John E. Thompson. These soldiers were from Fort Defiance on the Maumee River, in Ohio. During this expedition Colonel Jackson was captain of a company. The night before the soldiers arrived at this village the Indians fled and left much of their property. Thus Colonel Jackson became acquainted with Elkhart Prairie, and being much pleased with the country, he selected the spot where he afterward built his log cabin. In 1825 he made a visit to this region, but it was not until January, 1829, the roads being then hard with frost, that Colonel Jackson came out with some hired men and two ox teams of four oxen each, to make a settlement and get ready for the spring work. As before mentioned, he built a log cabin, and with the ox teams broke up the virgin soil. The seed-corn was dropped between sods and was therefore called sod-corn. A good crop was made without further cultivation. In the fall Colonel Jackson returned to Ohio, and with the first frosts of October brought out his family, making the journey with ox teams. This was one of the first families established on Elkhart Prairie, and Colonel Jackson broke the first ground on the prairie. He entered a tract of land and gradually added to it until he was the owner of over one thousand acres. He was one of the prominent pioneer citizens and was colonel of the old militia of this county for many years. He was one of the organizers of Elkhart county and a member of the first board of county commissioners. He entered eighty acres of the original plot of Goshen for the county. In politics he was a stanch Democrat aud represented the county in the State Legislature for many years. Being justice of the peace, many of the pio- neer cases were tried before him. He was possessed of a remarkably strong con- stitution and could endure extreme cold and fatigue. Both Colonel and Mrs. Jack- son were life-long members of the Methodist Church and their pioneer log cabin ■was the home of the itinerant Methodist preacher, and Colonel Jackson was one of the founders of Methodism in this coirnty. Of a social and genial disposition and possessed of an unusually good heart, he was very popular among the early settlers and was well known throughout northern Indiana. He died in 1872 at the advanced age of eighty-three, and his descendants may well take pride in the stanch and patriotic soldier and sturdy pioneer from which they sprang. Dr. Amos C. Jackson, sou of the colonel, was Ijorn December 31, 1821, in Ross county, Ohio, on his father's farm, and was eight years of age when he came with his parents to Elkhart Prairie. He well remembers the trip and the appearance of the country through which they 592 PICTORIAL ASD BIOHIIAPUICAL traveled. The journey through the Black Swamp in Ohio was very tedious and con- sumed much time and patience. The family walked much of the way. occasionally riding in the ox wagons. They camped at night by the wayside aud were many days in making the trip. Frequently they would follow Indian trails, then the road of the pioneer who had gone farther west, and these would become indistinct or cease alto- gether. To render their situation more comfortable in their cabin home, they brought, in their great ox wagons simple household furniture, goods aud provisions: after much perseverance and toil they reached their pioneer home. Dr. Jackson describes the appearance of Elkhart Prairie as he knew it when a boy. in all its wild and virgin freshness, as beautiful beyond description and covered with many varieties of highly colored tlowers. It was a hunter's paradise. The water of the Elkhart Kiverwas then as clear as crystal and full of fine fish. There were no roads, but Indian trails and paths made by the pioneers passed through the country in differ- ent directions. Dr. Jackson attended the first school ever held in Elkhart county. The school-house was a rude log structure, built in the center of the prairie for the couvenienee of the settlers on all sides of this prairie. The floor^ind seats were made of split logs, called puncheons, and one side of the room was devoted to an immense old-fashioned fireplace from which the smoke escaped by a mud-and-stick chimney. The first school teacher was a Yankee, who rejoiced in the name of Potts, and the next was Capt. Brown, father of the present editors of the Goshen Democrat. In that pioneer school Dr. Jackson gained the rudiments of a common education and in his early twenties attended the Asbury University at Greenville, Ind. . for two and a half years. Subsequently he attended the La Porte Medical College at La Porle, Ind. This college is now extinct. From this he graduated in the winter of 18-14-5. He also studied medicine under Dr. M. M. Latta and began practicing his profession at Galveston, Kosciusko Co., Ind., where he remained one year. In 1845 he became associated with Dr. M. M. Latta in the practice of medicine and continued in company with him for nearly sixteen j-ears. Since that time he has practiced medicine on hisown account. Dr. Jackson is one of the best known of the pioneer physicians of Elkhart county, as at an early day he traveled far and wide, visiting the pioneers in all kinds of weather, both by day and night. In 1853 he married Miss Harriet Clark. There were uo children born to this marriage aud four years later Mrs. Jackson died. In 1872 the Doctor married Miss Sarah E. Burn- ham, daughter of Ward Burnham. of New York State. To Dr. and Mrs. Jackson have been born four children: Ward, Kate, John and Mary. Socially Dr. Jackson is a member of the I. O. O. F., having held membership in the same since 1846, aud has held all the ofiices of his lodge. He is a friend of education and has been a member of the school board for some time. For six years he was president of the City National Bank. The Doctor is a man of uQtarnished integrity of character and is well-known as a man of high moral standing. For many years his medical practice in this county was the largest and most successful of any practitioner of northern Indiana, aud his practice brought him very valuable returns. He is now one of the few remaining original pioneers of Elkhart county, and one of the highly honored citizens. BETHANi A. Myers. It is a pleasure to give the life story of a man who has served his country upon the field of battle, and who has also done his duty as a private citizen in the ordinary walks of life. Such a one we find in Mr. Myers, who served faithfully in the Rebellion and who is a descendant of good Virginia stock. His father, Abraham Myers, was a native of the Old Dominion and of English de- scent. He came to Elkhart county. Ind., when a single man, was one of the pioneers of this couQty, and here followed the oceupatioa of a farmer and miller. He bought eighty acres ou the south line of Clinton township, cleared it, and soon had a good home. He first settled here m the thirties and was married to Miss Susan Garnet, which union resulted in the birth of seven children. In connection with his farming interest Mr. Mvers carried on a grist-mill iu Bentou and Waterford for raanv vears. MEMOIRS OF INDIAyA. 593 and v\a3 an industrious, hard-working man. Late in life he moved to the State of Washington and died there when seventy-seven years of age. He and wife were worthy members of the Baptist Church, and he was a Democrat in politics. He built a saw-mill in Clinton township about ISoo and in 1880 built a grist mill at the same place, being in partnership with Cephas Hnwks, of Gosh?n, in the latter enterprise. He hal three sons in the liebellion: Frank M., in Company K, Thirtieth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, served three years and was in nearly all the battles of his regiment, escaping without a wound; John D., was in Company .., Seventy- Fourth Regiment Volunteer Infantry, served three years and was in all the battles of his regiment; Bethana, our subject, was the first to enlist. He was born on his fathers farm in Clinton township, Elkhart county, Ind., August 12,1843, and the common schools furnished him a fair education. He began for himself as a fire- man of stationdry engines. When about nine years of age he left home and began working on the farm of his uncle. Since that time he has made his own way in life. When nearly eighteen years of age he enlisted in Company B, Twenty-ninth Regi- ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served three years. For nearly two years he was in eontina3as battle, participating in the engagements of Nashville and Stone River, the latter lasting three days and nights. After this he drove a team most of the time until the close of his service. He was never wounded or taken prisoner, or in the hospital, and was a faithful soldier. Returning to his home at ilillers- burg, after the war, he ca.st his first vote for Abraham Lincoln. He engaged as a fireman in saw-mills and later embarked in the butcher's business in MOlersburg, meeting with fair success in this undertaking. On the 4th of March. 1865, he wedded Miss S. Prichard, daughter of Jesse and Sarah Prichard. One child, Ora, was born to this union. In 1890 Mr. Myers engaged in the sawmill business with John Langer, under the firm name of Myers & Langer, at Millersburg, and they are now doing a good business. They are live, energetic business men and have gained for themselves the confidence and patronage of the public at large. In his political views Mr. Myers supports the Republican party, and is a prominent member of the G. A. R., Randall Post, No. 320. He has held the oflSces of senior vice- commander and junior vice-commander for about eight years. By industry and good management Mr. Myers has made all his property and is now one of the substantial men of his section. He owns a half interest in the saw-mUl which has a capacity of 50,000 feet per week, and he also owns a residence in town. Like many of the old soldier citizens Mr. Myers stands high in the estimation of all and is one of the county's best men. Mrs. Myers is a member of the Reformed Church and is active in all good work. C. W. SwARTZ, a resident of Nappanee, Ind., was born on his father's farm in Stark county, Ohio. June 1, 1837, the sixth of seven children bom to Martin and Hannah Swartz, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania January 1(1, 1799, his parents being Matthias and Ann Elizabeth Swartz. The Swartz, Schwartz or Schwarz family originally came from Germany. Martin was a pioneer farmer of Ohio, a calling he followed for fifty years, and was a local minister of the Methodist Church, living for many years on a farm near Marlboro, Ohio, but spending his last days in that village, where he died in 1878, at the age of nearly eighty years. He had accumulate! considerable property in spite of the fact that he was twice burned out, the last conflagration occurring in his old age. Martin was married twice, and his first wife. Frances, left one daughter of the same name who was born in 1823 and died in 1857, the wife of Michael Hull. His second wife was the daughter of Caleb and Jane Southcard, and the widow of John Butterfield, by whom .she has one son, William \K. B. Butterfield. who was bom June 12, 1819, and died in 1857, of typhoid fever, leaving four children. Mrs. Hannah Swartz was born in New Jersey March 2S. 1797, but removed l)y wagon to Pennsylvania with her parents when a child. Nearly her whole life after her second marriage was spent in Stark county. Like her husband she was a member of the Methodist Church, and she was 594 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPUICAL a good and amiable woman and a kind and gentle mother. She died March 2, 1880 near Marlboro, Ohio, on the farm where she had lived for so many years and where she spent part of the time with her daughter after the death of her husband, whom she survived about a year and a half. Martin and Hannah Swartz had a family of four sons and three daughters, all but one of whom grew to maturity: Laviua Ann, who was born in 1826, passed away at the age of about sixty N'ears, the widow of David Carr, a saw-mill man whom she survived thirty five or forty years: Etna Green, lad., was named by Mrs. Carr, as her husband was a large land-owner in that neighborhood, at the time the place was founded (Mrs. Carr left two sous: Jerome S. and Philonzo D., of whom the elder was a minister of the Methodist Church, but died in 1892, leaving a widow and family, and the younger is general agent for Baldwin Bros. Piano Company; he is a man of family, and his home is in Nashville, Tenu. ); Louisa K. was born in 1S2S, and lives in Logan countj^, Ohio, the wife of John Lukeus, a thrifty farmer and the mother of one son, Charles, a young physician; Matthias B. O. Plympton was born in 1829, and died from an accidental scythe-cut when he was not quite ten years old; John Fletcher was born in 1833, and is a well-to-do farmer of Hillsdale coantj^ Mich, (he was married to Mahala Hamlin, and has four living children and one son dead, all his living chil- dren being married); Harriet Jane was born November 29, 1834, is married to Jacob Allspaugh, an energetic and prosperous farmer, and they reside on the old Swartz farm which he owns; Charles W. is next in age; Martin Luther W. was born Decem- ber 10, 1839. He was a high-spirited young man who became a soldier in the Civil war, going with Company F, One Hundred and Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Near the close of the war he died of pneumonia, as a prisoner of war at Meridian, Miss., aged twenty-five years. Charles was reared on his father's farm, attended district school and taught a number of terms, then entered Mt. Union Col- lege of Mt. Union, Ohio, where he graduated from scientific and classical courses, taking in the latter the highest honors of his class. After this he went to the war as a member of the Christian commission; he was out twice and has ever since suf- fered on account of exposure undergone at that period. About this time he entered the ministry of the Methodist Church, bis first regular charge being in West Vir ginia. In 1866 he was married to Louisa H. Winder, a daughter of Joseph and Amy (Taylor) Winder, who are mentioned in other sketches of this book. Mrs. Swartz was born in Ohio in 1839, and although her father died when she was about twelve years of age, she not only attended the country schools, but finished her education in Mt. Union College. Before and after her college days she taught six- teen terms of school, mostly in Indiana and Ohio, the most of which were in the rural districts. She taught in the StaufFer and Ulery districts of Union township over thirty years ago, and the higher departments of the graded schools of Ottawa and Mt. Union, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Swartz were married after the former had preached about one year. They lived in West Virginia about three years, then Mr. Swartz joined the Central Illinois Conference, and the}' moved to that State, where they lived and moved from place to place for about nine years, when they were called to Ohio on account of the death of the grandfather, Martin Swartz. Here they lived until after Mr. Swartz's mother's death, when they moved to eastern Kansas, and Mr. Swartz became a member of the South Kansas Conference. Five years were spent in that part of the State, then the family went to southwestern Kansas and took a claim in Clark county, where they lived five years, enduring many hardships unknown to the younger people of the State of Indiana. In the spring of 1890 Mrs. Swartz was called to Nappaoee by the condition of her mother, Amy Winder. Here the family has since lived. Rev. Swartz has not taken regular work as a minister for the past seven years. For most of that time he has traveled as salesman of books. At present he is salesman and general agent for a well-known firm of Chicago. He is. and has been for years, a Prohibitionist and an active temperance worker. He and his wife have a family of six children: Mary L. was MEMOIRS OF IXDIANA. 595 born December 30, 1868, in Wayue county, W. Va., attended district and village schools in Illinois, Ohio and Kansas; at the age of sixteen she beejan to teach school and followed this the most of the time until the spring of 1888, when she went to the eastern part of the State and attended school two years in Neodesha, graduating in the spring of 1890, when she came to Nappanee and has taught school one term in Union township since coming here. Luther E., the next child, was born in [llinois May 1 1, 1871. He, too, attended school in Illinois, Ohio and Kansas, but has acquired most of his education by careful reading at home. He has also attended the Nappanee Normal. In western Kansas he worked the farm. He, his next younger sister and his brother drove with loaded wagons from western Kansas to Nappanee in the fall of 1890, a trip of 1,129 miles by the route they traveled. Since then Luther was creamery man for a few months, and in the fall of 1891 began teaching school in Locke township, where he is engaged to teach the present year. He is a well-posted young man, and is one of Nappanee' s "eligibles" to appoint- ment as postal clerk, as he passed a creditable examination in Chicago in the spring of 1S92. Kittie A. was born at Sunbeam, 111., August 19, 1873, attended district school, has gone parts of two years to the graded schools of Ashland, Kan., and the last two years to the Nappanee schools; Hattie S. was born in Illinois July 1, 18(5, and died September 27, 1882; Alice G. was born at Summit, 111., July 31, 1878, and Charles Ellsworth was born at Edna, Kan., January 11, 1881. The younger chil- dren had not much schooling while on the frontier, but have attended school reg- ularly since coming to Nappanee. Nathan Poolet. Among the honored and substantial business men of Goshen who have retired from the active duties of life, is Nathan Pooley. He comes of good old English stock, his father. Edward Pooley, having emigrated from Suffolk. Eng- land, in 1824, bringing his family with him. His wife's maiden name was Mariah Smith, and she was also from Suffolk, England. Six children were born to them, as follows: Edward, George, Mariah, Ann, Nathan and Mary. Mr. Pooley settled at Marion, N. Y., and died a few years after coming to this country, when Nathan our subject, was but eight years of age. The latter was also a native of Suffolk, England, born Februarj^ 10, 1822, and was about two years of age when his parents brought him to this country. The mother died the year following her arrival in this country. Thus at an early age young Pooley was left an orphan. He was taken and reared by Oliver Durfee, a Quaker farmer of Palmyra, N. Y. , and here young Pooley found a good home and secured a good education, not only at- tending the district school, but the high school at Marion. AVhen he reached the age of twenty-one years his kind benefactor gave him his note for $400, which he afterward paid. This worthy man gave him still more, as he had instilled into the mind of his young protege the priucijiles of morality and temperance, and a strong love of honesty and truth. He was a kind and affectionate father to the orphan boy, whose brothers and sisters were also reared by the same good old Quaker. On Sep- tember 25, 1844, Mr. Pooley married Miss Mary J. Bilby, daughter of William and Mary (Strape) Bilby, the former being of an old colonial New Jersey family and a native of that State. Mrs. Bilby was of German ancestry. Mr. Bilby moved to New York State in 1826. and settled at Marion, where he worked at the blacksmith's trade the remainder of his days. He was the father of six children, all of whom are now living: Jeremiah. John, Joseph, Christopher, Mary J. and Thankful. Mr. Bilby lived to the age of seventy-one years, and was a very substantial and wealthy man. He and wife were members of the Baptist Church and they were honored and esteemed by all. Soon after marriage, in 1844, Mr. and Mrs. Pooley moved to Michigan, and settled on eighty acres of land that her father had entered in 1831, and resided on this for a time. This land Nathan Pooley redeemed I)y paying the taxes, and also bought out the heirs. This Michigan farm was almost in the .wilderness, and with the assistance of his most estimable wife, and by much hard labor, Mr. Pooley soon had a good home. He planted orchards, erected substantial 596 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL buildings and made other improvements. After remaining on this farm about ten years, or until April, 1855, Mr. Pooley came to Goshen, Ind. He brought his family the next fall, and engaged in the boot and shoe business. By thrift and attention to business he accumulated considerable property, and coatiuued in this business for twenty years. He was successful, built several houses and a commodious brick store on Main street which he owns, as well as his residence aiid other real estate; seventeen acres of land adjoining West Goshen. Mr. and Mrs. Pooley hold member- ship in the Baptist Church, and Mr. Pooley has been church trustee for many years. He and wife were among the founders of the Baptist Church in this city, and assisted liberally with their means in building the first church of that denomination in Goshen, and also the present structure. In politics he is a strong Republican and is one of the original Abolitionists, his Quaker benefactor early infusing into his mind a hatred of slavery. Fred Douglass delivered his first lecture at Palmyra, N. y. , and young Nathan iPooley was among his interested hearers. Before the war Mr. Pooley and others assisted slaves from the South through this county by means of the underground railroad. Mr. Pooley is one of the honored citizens of Goshen and has held a number of local positions, the most prominent being alderman, town- ship trustee and supervisor. He has taken an active interest in the cause of educa- tion, and was a member of the school board. He has assisted in establishing good schools in Goshen, is public-spirited and thoroughgoing. He gave all of his chil- dren good educational advantages. William E., supplemented his schooling received iu the common schools by attending college at Kalamazoo, and the Commercial College at Buffalo, N. Y. The other children were educated in the public schools of Goshen. ^Villiam E. who is a farmer of Missouri, married Miss Kate Richmond, of Goshen, and they have five children; Emma M. married William M. Davis, a ma- chinist, and resident of Topeka, Kas., and they have three children; Charles A. married Miss Lydialrviu, a book-keeper in Goshen, and they have one child. Mr. Pooley is a strong temperance man and has ever been an honorable, upright citizen. During his long career as a business man his integrity has remained without a stain. David C. Miller. A worthy history of Elkhart county, Ind., could not be given without mentioning the name of Mr. Miller, who, for over forty years, has been a prominent resident of this county. During his long term of years here his good name has remained untarnished, and he has well and faithfully performed every duty, both public and private, that has fallen to his lot. He is a native of the Buckeye State, born in Montgomery county, near Dayton, June 8, 1817, and was a son of Jacob and Polly (Michel) Miller. Jacob Miller was born in Kentucky about 1795, and was the sou of David and Abigail (Morgan) Miller, and the grandson of Phillip Miller, a native of Maryland, whose parents came from Germany and were pioneer settlers of Kentucky. The grandfather of our subject was one of three brothers, Daniel, David and Abraham, all of whom lived to be aged men. They left the Blue Grass State on account of the slavery question and settled in Mont- gomery county, Ohio, where they reared their families. All were members of the Dunkard Church. The grandfather of our suliject, David Miller, was married in Maryland to Miss Morgan, and these children were born to them: Michael, Jacob (father of subject), Lydia, Esther, Katie, Betsy, Susan and Nancy. Only one died when young, and he was accidentally shot. The above mentioned children settled in Ohio, married, reared families, and there most of them passed the remainder of their days. The father died in Montgomery county at an early da_y. The father of our subject, Jacob Miller, was a boy of about ten years when his parents moved to Ohio, and he there grew to manhood. He married Miss Polly Michel and reared the chil- dren who are named as follows: David C Michel, John, Mary, Sallie, Emanuel, Henry, Hettie, Susan and Martin. All are now living but Michel and Susan, and all married and reared families. Our subject. Susan and Martin moved to Indiana and settled in this part of the State. Michel died in Ohio a very wealthy man, and . John also became quite wealthy and is now living in Kansas. The father of these MEMOIRS OF IXDIA^'A. 599 children died iu 1861. He was oue of the early pioneers in Ohio, and waa a very- popular man. He accumulated a handsome property, all the result of his own exer- tions, and liberal in his contributions to all worthy enterprises. Mrs. Miller, his wife, was born in Pennsylvania, and was but seven years of age when she came with her parents to Ohio. She was the daughter of Jacob and Mary (Mayer) Michel, natives of Pennsylvania, who moved to Ohio at a very early day. She was bora in 1800 and died in 1851. Our subject was reared on a farm and secured a fair educa- tion in the district schools. In 1838 he married Miss Rachel Bigler, a native of Washington county, Peuo., born May 1, 1817, and the daughter of David and Nancy (Graybill) Bigler. Mr. and Mrs. Bigler came from Washington county, Penn., to Stark county, Ohio, and died there when aged people. They reared a large family of children as follows: Andrew, Rachel, Moses, Daniel, Amos, Julia, Nancy, Phcebe, Delila, Lydia, Barbara. Two died young, but most of the others are living. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller were born ten children, nine daughters and one son, and all but four now living. Nancy married and is now residing with her son David, in Kosciusko county; Jacob resides on a farm in this county (see sketch), Mary married Daniel Wysong (see sketch), Hannah married Adam Miller, of this township (see sketch), Susan died when seven years of age; Sarah (deceased) was the wife of Charles Stuart; Julia married Joshua Wysong (see sketch), Rachel married Joseph Geyer, of Union township; Lavina married Henry Wj'song (see sketch), and Malinda (deceased) was the first wife of Solomon Pepple. Mr. Miller has a number of grandchildren. He has resided in this county for many years, and hig farm was covered with woods when he first settled on it. He has witnessed the growth and development of the country and has contributed his share toward its improvement. He has held a number of local offices and has ever proved himself a man of good judgment and sound sense. He and his esti- mable wife are not enjoying the best of health just at present, but surrounded by their children, they are thus rendered happy. Both are members of the Dankard Church, and Mr. Miller votes with the Demjcratic party. Charles Frank is an intelligent man of affairs, who keeps abreast of the times, and is an honored ex-soldier of the Civil War. He is descended from good old Pennsylvania stock, and was born in Beaver county, of that State, March 18, 1842, a son of Reinhold and Catherine (Roupp) Frank. He received a common-school education at first, which he finished in the Academy of Beaver county, Penn. At the age of nineteen years, on September 14, 1861, he enlisted from his native State in Company B, Seventy-fourth Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, with which he served on many a hard-fought battlefield for three years. He took an act- ive part in the engagements at Cross Keys, Va., Cedar Mountain, Pope's campaign in Virginia, Freeman's Ford, White Sulphur Springs, Waterloo Bridge, second bat- tle of Bull Run, the two days' battle at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Get- tysburg. He was then sent to the Department of the South, and for one year was before Charleston and in several severe skirmishes. From that place his regiment was sent back to Washington, and he was mustered out of the United States service September 14, 1864, receiving honorable discharge. He was an active and efficient soldier, and in the best years of his life he did not hesitate to risk his life and face rebel bullets on many a hard-fought battlefield. To such men as Mr. Frank the nation owes its preservation. During the last year and a half that he gave to his country he served on the non-commissioned staff as regimental commissary. After the war he came to Mishawaka, Ind., and engaged in the lumber busiuess with Frederick Lang, buying out the interests of two of Mr. Lang's partners. Since that time he has been engaged in the business, and has conducted his affairs in such a manner that his patronage has grown to large proportions and his name come to be as higlily regarded as his bond. He is thoroughly posted in matters pertaining to his business, and also has exceptionally intelligent views on the general questions of the day. He chose for his companion through life Miss May Bnchheit, and to 600 PICTORIAL AND BIOGIIAI'IIICAL their union four children bave been given: George F., J. Norman. Estella M. and Grace L. In 1889 Mr. Frank took up his residence in Misbawaka, where be has since continued to reside, be and bis family being highly regarded in the social cir- cles of the place. He is a member of Houghton Post, No. 128, G. A. B., of Misb- awaka; has held all the offices in the same and at the present time is adjutant. He is a member of Monitor Lodge, No. 286, I. O. O. F., of Misbawaka, in which honor- able order he has filled all the chairs. Politically he has ever been a stanch Re- publican. He is a man who is thoroughly respected for bis honorable traits of character and sound judgment, and although a Republican held the office of justice of the peace for four years in Madison township, which always goes strongly Demo- cratic. Like many of the old soldiers, after fighting bis country's battles be settled down to business, and became a practical, successful man and a highly resj)eeted citizen. John George Frank, his paternal grandfather, was a citizen of Wurtem- burg, Germany, in which kingdom bis son Reiubold was born. When seven years of age, or in 1806, the latter was brought to America by his father, who was a mem- ber of the famous Rappist Colony under George Rapp, and for a time resided in Pennsylvania and afterward in Posey county, Ind., on the Wabash River. The elder Mr. Frank died soon after coming to America, but his son Reinhold lived with the Rappites until he was thirty five years of age, after which he resided for some time in Beaver county, Penn. He died in 1872, at the age of seventy three years. He was the father of Ernestine M., George F., William A., Charles, Julia D., Au- gustus and Edward R. Mr. and Mrs. Frank were members of the Lutheran Cbnrcb, and she is yet living at the age of seventy-seven years. The maternal grandfather of Charles Frank was John George Roupp, who was born in the grand duchy of Baden, Germany, and served as a soldier in the Baden contingent under the great Napoleon. He married and became the father of two children: Catherine and Madelina, the former becoming the wife of Reinhold Frank. Mr. Roupp came with his family to America in 1832, and settled in Beaver county, Penn., where he died at the patriarchal age of eighty-nine years. He became a substantial man of affairs, and was for many years identified with the Dunkard Church. O. N. LuMBEET, who has justly earned the reputation of being one of the most enterprising and progressive men of Elkhart during bis ten years' residence in the city, is deserving of no inconsiderable credit for the success he has thus far made of life, particularly so when this result has been attained unaided and entirely through his own efforts. He is a native of Ingham county, Mich., his birth occurring in March, 1849. His father, Orrin Lumber!, was a farmer in very limited circum- stances and his death, when our subject was only about one year old, left the widow, formerly Betsy Reynolds, and only child in destitute circumstances. Mrs. Lum- bert remarried, but in 185-1 died, leaving her child, at five years of age, to the mer- ciless task of fighting his own way in the world. Young Lurabert's early career was not altogether an experience of happiness and contentment. Poverty was one of the chief drawbacks, for being too }'oung to earn bis own livelihood, he necessarily bad to put up with such necessities as bis relatives could afford to contribute, which were very meager indeed. At the age of fifteen a change for the better came to him — not in the way of a cessation from bard labor and privations, Inrt in helping formu- late habits for the better which previously had no restraint or guiding band. It was at this age, when lads are usually accustomed to the tender care of a mother and the ennoliling influences of home, that his youthful ardor led him to enlist under the stars and stripes for the preservation of the Union. The discipline of army life benefited him, not only in his soldier life, but in after years when manhood had fully come to him. For nearly two years ho was under the command of that great mili- tary leader. General Sherman, participating in his campaign to the sea, through the Carolinas, and in the Grand Review at Washington. Returning to civil lite, be followed farming summers and attended schools winters for a number of years, and later engaged in the painter's trade. Acquiring in this way a good, practical MEMOIRS OF INDIAXA. 601 education, be married Miss Athelia R. Earl, in 1878. and the succeeding year be- gan "keeping bouse"' in Eaton county, Mich. In 1880 be entered the employ of an insurance company located at Detroit, and from the ver_y beginning displayed marked ability' for this line of business. He later accepted the position of superin- tendent of agencies for another Michigan company, and was thus employed until 1883. Iq February, 1883, he organized the People's Mutual Benefit Society, of Elkhart, Ind. , and from that time to the present has been an officer, director and an active worker for this company', of which he is now secretary. Unque.stionably the People's Mutual Benefit Sjciety owes much of its prosperity to the marked business sagacity of Mr. Lumbert. Aside from bis success in business, Mr. Lum- bert has been active in the promotion of bis adopted city's best interests; is con- nected with various public enterprises and socially is a Knight Templar and Thirty- second degree Mason. He is a Republican in politics, a ''hail fellow, well met," and the father of one child — Ollie E. Samuel Rensberger. Among the sons of Pennsylvania who have brought with them to this western land the sturdy habits of independence, integrity and industry which have ever marked the natives of the Keystone State, it is a gratification to be able to name Mr. Rensberger, whose beautiful and well-tilled farm of 141 acres in Elkhart township, and eighty-eight acres in Clinton township, show bim to be a man of thrift and enterprise. His father, Jacob Rensberger, was born in Somerset county, Penn., and was a son of George Rensberger. The familj' originally came from Germany to this country at an early date, and first settled iu Maryland, but afterward changed their location to Pennsylvania, where George Rensberger at- tained manhood and married and became the father of the following children: John, Jacob, Adam, Jonas, Catherine, Eva, Susan and Lydia. The father of these chil- dren lived until the snows of eighty winters had passed over his bead, paying the last debt of nature in Fayette county, Penn., at the residence of bis son John. During the latter part of bis life be became a member of the Dunkard Church, having throughout life h)een a successful farmer and a respected citizen. His son, Jacob S., was bom April 1, 1807; received a limited common education; was brought up as a farmer and was married in Somerset county, Penn., to Fannie, daughter of Daniel and (Mast) Hocbstetter, and to them a family of eleven children was born: Caroline, Eliza, Josiah, Samuel, John, Jacob, Jonas, Edward, William, Susannah, and Lewis. After his marriage, Mr. Jacob Rensberger settled in Somerset county, but iu a short time moved to Fayette county, and after a time returned to Somerset county. In 1832 he became a resident of Holmes county, Ohio, where he entered and settled on a tract of wild laud, a portion of which farm be cleared, aud in the spring of 18-17 he came to Indiana and settled two miles east of Goshen, where he bought 120 acres, and became well known as an industrious and honorable citizen. Samuel Rensberger, his son, came to Elkhart county, Ind. , at the age of sixteen years, and about May 10, 1847, settled on the farm now owned by Samuel Rensberger, his son. He was boru in Elk Creek township, Somerset Co., Penn., June 15, 1831, his advantages being such as the common schools afforded. He remained with and assisted his father ou the home farm in Indiana for about three years, then worked for various farmers iu Jefferson, Elkhart and Clinton townships for some four years, and on March 30. 1854, won for his wife Martha, daughter of Beltser Hess (see sketch of Israel Hess), and on November 2. following the celel)ration of their nup- tials, be moved onto 102 acres of the old homestead which he had purchased, and here his career as a married man began. He greatly increased his acreage and has given seven of his children $1,000 each. His children are as follows: Josephine S., Alpbeus D., Albert A., William W., Hiram, Melviu M., Cephas, Cbloe F., Mary A. (who died at the age of sixteen years), and Grace P. Mr. and Mrs. Rensberger are members of the German Baptist Church, and be is actively interested in the prog- ress of bis section, iu which be has held a number of local offices. All bis chil- dren have been well educated, and his son, Melvin, has been a successful school 603 PICTORIAL AU'D BIOGUAPniCAL teacher of his county for three years. Mr. Reusberger has always beeu industrious, pushing and thrifty, and it is not to be wondered at that he has made a succes of his affairs. He is liberal in the use of his means in the support of enterprises ,hat recommend themselves to his excellent judgment, and in every sense of the wo d is an acquisition to the community in which he has so long made his home. Frederick Lang, Mishawaka, lud. In a town of any size or importance the lumber business is a very essential one, and those who are engaged in it receive an ample return for the money invested. Mr. Lang is one who has given this line of business his attention, and in its conduct he has met with more than an ordinary degree of success and thoroughly undersands its most minute details, which is without doubt a secret of his prosperity, together with the fact that he is always found at his post. He was born in the Kingdom of Wurtemburg, Germany, May 9, 1834, where, like all German youths, he received a good common-school education, which was supplemented afterward by a two years' course in a Latin school. At the age of sixteen years he left home to make his own way in the world and celebrated his six- teenth birthday on the Atlantic ocean while on his way to America. After reaching this country he resided for three years in Pittsburg, Penn. , during which time he worked in a wholesale grocery store, then came to Mishawaka, Ind. His father, Frederick Lang, came to this country with his family, which consisted of his wife (Barbara Nnmmer, his second wife) and two children, Fredericka and Christina, and an adopted son. He settled in Penn township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., five miles south of Mishawaka on a partly cleared farm of 160 acres, which he finished clear- ing and improving and on which he resided until his death in 1873. He was con- sidered a substantial citizen, and after coming to this country supported the princi- ples of the Republican party. Upon coming to this county, Frederick Lang, the subject of this sketch, took up his residence with his father, whom he assisted in the numerous and laborious duties of the farm for ten years. In 1857 Miss Ernestine M. Frank became his wife and to them the following children were given: Emma, who died a married woman; Otto E. ; Minnie J. and Otilla J. In 1864 Mr. Lang, Charles Kelley and others formed a company and engaged in the manufacture of hardwood lumber and wagon stufP, building a saw-mill in Madison township, which they conducted in a successful manner, financially, until 1889. These enterprising gentlemen, in 1867, opened a lumber yard in Mishawaka and the following year Mr. Lang removed to the town and has had charge of the same ever since and has con- ducted it in a highly successful and satisfactory manner ever since. He has always supported the men and measures of the Kepublicau party and in 1880 the citizens of the county showed their appreciation of his merits by electing him to the responsible position of county treasurer, which office he tilled with marked ability until 1884. From 1876 to 1880 he held the office of township trustee, the duties of which he also discharged in a remarkably successful manner. He has been a member of the tovfn council of Mishawaka for two years. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F., Mishawaka Lodge, No. 286. He is one of the substantial men of the county and is the owner of a good farm and some valuable real estate in Mishawaka, Ind. He stands deserved!}' high as a man of integrity of character and probity and in the bus- iness affairs of life has shown himself to be prudent, far-seeing and practical. His son, Otto E., is a hardware merchant in partnership with Henry Eglestou. D.\NiEL E. PippENGER is the eldest child of one of the earliest pioneers of Elkhart county, being a son of John and Mary (Gripe) Pippenger, the former of whom was a son of John Pippenger and his wife, Rebecca, who came from Holland in early times and settled in Pennsylvania. In that State, John Pippenger, the father of the subject of this sketch was born about March 10, 1798. being one of a good old- fashioned family of sixteen children, twelve sons and four daughters, all of whom lived to be grown, married and reared families of their own. One of this family is still living, Eli, who resides in Marshall county, Ind., on a farm and who is quite at'ed. Rebecca Pippenger died in Pennsylvania, but her husband passed from life MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 603 in Ohio, being one of the early settlers of Montgomery county. Mary Cripe was born in Pennsylvania, January 8, 1797, was one of eight children, but died soon after locating in Elkhart county, though her husband lived to be quite an old man. She was a daughter of Daniel Cripe, one of the early pioneers of the county, who, with his wife, was probably from Pennsylvania. They came to this region from Ohio in the spring of IS'29 and settled on Elkhart Prairie. Notice of this family is given elsewhere. John Pippenger and Mary Cripe were married some time be- fore coming to this county; their union is supposed to have taken place June 17, 1821. During their married life ten children were born to them: Daniel E., who was born July 17, 1822; A , born September, 26, 1823, reared a family in this county but is now residing in Marshall county; Elizabeth, was born July 4, 1825, married William Keck, reared a family and died in Wisconsin; John, who was born July 23, 1827, is residing in Wisconsin; Magdalene, born January 24, 1829, mar- ried Joseph Keek, died in Wisconsin and left a family ; Susan, born March 5, 1831, died March 31, 1831; Christian, born June 5, 1832, died September 29, 1833; Mary, born May 30, 183-1:, is married to Peter Stull, of Kosciusko county, Ind. ; Catherine, born June 11, 1836, married Manuel Laudes and is living in Kosciusko county; Rebecca, born March 15, 1838, is now the widow of L. Cripe, has a grown-up family and is resid- ing in Union township, and Joseph who was born December 12, 1839, is a farmer of that township also. The parents of these children first settled on Elkhart Prairie and took up eighty acres of land, which was later traded for 160 acres where the sub- ject of this sketch is now residing, and on which he cut the first timber. At the time of making the settlement here there were only five families in the county and the township had only seven voters. The father was a member of the German Baptist Cburch, took an active part in politics and always supported the Democratic party. He died on his farm, where so many years of his life were spent, having come to this region with an ox team, the journey from Ohio occupying seven weeks. They settled on the unbroken prairie, made their own clothing, lived on corn bread, and like all the inhabitants of a new country, had to undergo numerous privations and hardships. They were industrious and in time became well to do, becoming the owners of a tine tract of land comprising 440 acres in Union townshiis, which gave their children a good start in life. They reared their children to honorable manhood and womanhood and only two survive them at this writing: Daniel E., grew up and married Elizabeth Stouder and a familj' of seven children has been born to them, three of whom died when young — John, Susan and Emanuel; Mary died at the age of twenty-three years, and Levi when nineteen years of age; C , is living in Jackson township and is tilling the soil; Samuel is a farmer and thresher of Union township; Jacob D. ; and Catherine is Mrs. P. Swartz, the wife of the es-saperintendent of the schools of Elkhart county; Isaac, is a teacher of the county. Daniel E. Pippenger and his wife are among the first people of the county and have numei'ous friends. John Harper. The growth and prosperity of Elkhart county, Ind. , has been upon a scale commensurate with the immigration to this region in past years, and this prosperity is largely due to the members of the agricultural profession, promi- nent among which stands the name of Mr. John Harper. He is a descendant of sturdy German stock, and inherits all his thrift and perseverance from those ancestors. His grandfather, Philip Har]ier, was born in the grand old State of Vir- ginia, married a lady of Iri.sh descent and settled in Ross county, Ohio, were he was one of the early settlers . He was killed by a ntnaway team when absent from home. His children, six in number, were named as follows : Solomon, Gideon, Susan, Phoebe, Eva and Mary. The third eldest child, Solomon, the father of our subject, was born in Ro.^s county, Ohio, in 1809. He received no education on account of the scarcity of schools, but being possessed of a naturally bright, active mind was classed among the intelligent and well-posted men of the county. He was particularly good in mathematics, and could figure rapidly and accurately. His 604 PIOrORlAL AND nwaUAl'lIICAL marriage to Miss Mary Shobe, dangbter of Jacob and Sarah (Carr) Shobe, occurred in Ross county, Obio, and eleven children were born to this union, as follows: Emily, John, Sarah, Silas, Philip, Huldah. Margaret, Zachariah, Hiirriet, Elizabeth and Gideon. After the birth of his two eldest children, Mr. Harper moved with his family to Noble county, Ind., and settled on wild land. He first entered forty acres in the woods, cleared this of the brush and timl)er with which it was covered, and added from time to time to the original tract until he owned 480 acres, half of which he probably entered. The land, being rich and productive, yielded big returns for the work put upon it, and Mr. Harper became one of the foremost agriculturists of his section. He died at the age of sixty-three years, leaving a large estate to bis children. A stanch Democrat in bis political views, he was well and favorably known throughout the county, and was respected by all as a man of great resolution and energy. All his property was made by the honest sweat of his brow, and he reared his children to be honorable men and women, a credit to any community. John Harper, the original of this notice, was born on his father's farm in Ross county, Ohio, August 9, 1831, and was brought to Noble county, Ind., when an infant; in fact, the following November. The pioneer schools of those days furnished him a fair education, and subsequently be attended college at Fort Wayne two terms, also the high school at Goshen three terms. He was brought up to the life of a farmer by his father, and, like the majority of boys, has followed in his ances- tor's footsteps, and is now classed among the most prominent and successful agri- culturists of his section. On June 13, 1801, he married Miss Elizabeth A. Milner, daughter of John and Rinah (Arminson) Milner, and the following children were born to them: Rosilla M., Edward M., Albert S., Luella, Mary and Maggie B. The June following bis marriage Mr. Harper moved to bis present farm, then con- sisting of eighty acres, and although there had been but little of this cleared, he went to work and by much indu.stry and thrift became the owner of 240 acres. He has all this well improved, has erected a good brick house and a commodious barn. He and Mrs. Harper are worthy members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has been steward in the same. Formerly an old line Whig in politics his first vote was cast for Gen. Scott, and at the same election his father voted for Franklin Pierce. After the formation of the Republican party he joined its ranks, but has strong prohibition proclivities. His children have all received good educational advantages and are intelligent and progressive. His daughter Rosilla graduated in the teachers' course in the normal at Valparaiso, and has taught several terras very successfully. Edward attended the same school, also at P'ort Wayne. Mary was educated in music at Valparaiso, and has taught music in this county. Maggie graduated in the scientific course at Valparaiso, is well educated, and competent to teach in the public schools. Rosilla married Milton Lint, who was educated at Val- paraiso, Ind., and who is a civil engineer. One child has been born to them, Henry C. , and they are at present living in Kansas. Mr. Harper is a man of great deter- mination, is self-made, and in bis vocabulary there is no such word as fail. John Milner. the father of Mrs. Harper, was born in Yorkshire. England, and was the sou of William Milner. He came from England with bis family in 1830, and settled on wild land in Cuyahoga county, Obio, the following year. In 1854 he moved to Elkhart county, Ind., settled in Benton township, and there passed the remainder of his days, dying in 1876, when seventy-two years of age. He and Mrs. Milner were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and were people of high moral character. Mr. Milner was a strong abolitionist and a strong temperance man. An old line Whig in politics at first, he later became connected with the Republican party. The children by his first wife were as follows: Edward M. (born in England), William, Elizabeth, Rinah, Hannah and Rosa, the last five born in this country. The first wife died in 1855, when fifty-six j^ears of age, and Mr. Milner's second marriage was with Mrs. Mary Malone, who bore bini four children, viz.: Alice, Lincoln, Melissa and Ella. Mr. Milner was a successful farmer, and MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 605 was the owner of 100 acres of laud. He was an intelligent, well-informed man, although he gained his education by his own efforts. Upright and honorable, he taught his children that to do right was the proper course to pursue, and they grew up loyal, honorable citizens. Mrs. Harper was born August 28, 1836, in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, and supplemented a good common-school education by attending Shaw's Academy and the Western Reserve Seminary. When sixteen years of age she became a teacher and followed this for nine years, teaching ten terms. She belonged to a family of teachers, eight of her brothers and sisters having taught school. She is a lady of high character and is well informed, having clear and practical views on all subjects of importance. David D. Kodibaugh is the eldest of a family of children reared by David and Rebecca (Barringer) Rodibaugh. The subject of this sketch was born on the old home farm where his father is now residing April 11, 1856, and in the schools in the vicinity of his home he received a good education, which has been strengthened and broadened by contact with the world and the business affairs of life. He remained on the home farm assisting his father until he was twenty-two years of age, when he started out to fight life's battles for himself and began operating a grist-mill at Baintertown on his own responsibility, whichhe conducted with success until 1888. This was the first roller-mill started in the part of the county in which Mr. Rodibaugh lives, but in 1888 he sold it to Thomas Clayton, and since that time has devoted his attention to farming and is the owner of a fine farm, located on the edge of New Paris, containing 180 acres of well-improved land, which is now considered quite valuable; also has a fine farm of 160 acres near Milford, in Koscixasko county. He makes his home in the town of New Paris, where he has a handsome and com- fortable residence, where he and his wife dispense a refined and generous hospi- tality to their numerous friends. He is well posted on the current topics of the day, and has always cast his vote on the side of Democracy. October 11, 1881, he was married to Miss Mary Wean, who was born in New Paris, November, 19, 1862, a daughter of John and Margaret (Leonard) Wean, the latter being still a resident of New Paris. The Wean family came from Ohio at a very early daj' and settled in New Paris, Elkhart county. The father was a carpenter by trade, and during the Civil war while serving his countrj' in the army, he was wounded in the battle of Jonesboro, Ga., and died of his wounds the same night. He was a native of Stark county, Ohio, and his wife of Portagre county of that State. After the celebration of their nuptials, they came to Indiana, and became the parents of two children: Howard L., who is living in Goshen, Iml., and Mary (Mrs. Rodibaugh). Mr. and Mrs.' Rodibaugh are the parents of four children: Hugh H. , who was born Septem- ber 19, 1883; Charles C, who was born January 25, 1885; Hazel, born July 9, 1889, and an infant that was born August 3, 1892. Both Mr. and Mrs. Rodibaugh spring from substantial pioneer stock. William Warren Johnson, M. D. The history of this family of Johnsons in America began with Elkanah Johnson, who came with the Regicides to New England during its early colonization. A descendant of Elkanah named Edmund and the great-grandfather of our subject was a native of East Greenwich, R. I. He served as captain in Col. Varnum's Rhode Island troops through the Revo- lutionary war, and at its close moved to Saratoga county, N. Y , where he reared a large family and followed blacksmitliing. He died in or about 1812, and was buried at Stillwater, Saratoga county. This family and its descendants resided in New York for many years. Potter, a son of Edmund, was a soldier of the War of 1812 and the father of a family of ten children, one of whom, Dr. William Johnson, was the father of William Warren Johnson, M. D., of Goshen. He was a native of Saratoga county, where he was reared and resided. He received his medical educa- tion at Fairfield Herkimer county, N. Y., and located at Valley Falls in his native State, where he followed his profession until his death, which occurred in 1876. In bis early manhood he was united in marriage with Miss Clarissa Slocum, by whom 606 PICTORIAL AXD BIOGRAPHICAL he had one child, now deceased. His wife dying, he afterward married Miss Mary Jeanette Godfrey, a native of Vermont, and to them were born William Warren and his sister Katie L. Dr. William Johnson was a man well posted in his pro- fession and things in general, and was noted for his exemplarj' habits and conserv- atism in all things. He and his wife were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In iSsl the mother and family moved to Ann Arbor, Mich., where she now resides with her daughter, who has, since their coming tbere, graduated from that fa- mous western university. Our subject was born December 16. 1860, in the town of Talley Falls, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., his education up to the time of his father's death being such as could be obtained in the public schools of his native town. In 1877 he entered Troy Conference Academy at Poultney, Vt., where he took a two years' commercial course. He then attended for three years the Wesley Academy at Wilbraham. Mass. He came with the family to Ann Arbor, Mich., in ISSl, and soon after entered the medical department of the State university, and three years later graduated from that institution as M. D. Soon after graduating he came to Goshen, Ind., and followed his profession exclusively for about two years, but then in a measure, gave up bis profession and embarked in the drug trade, which he has since continued with a steadily increasing patronage and success. He now has a well-appointed establishment and is doing a prosperous business. He was united in marriage with Miss Mary J. Middleton, May 12, 1SS6. This lady is a native of Granville, N. Y. , and to them one child has been born: Wilma A. Since coming to Goshen Dr. Johnson has become well and favorably known to its people. He bas by appointment and election served the people of Elkhart county as their coroner, was re-elected and is now serving the third term. He is an ardent Kepublican, a congenial companion and a public-spirited, useful and progressive citizen. Joseph H. Heatwole, M. D. The ancestral history of the Heatwole (originally spelled Htitwohl) family in America dates from September 15, 17-tS, upon which date there landed in Philadelphia, Matthias Htitwohl, who, with ninety- six other German emigrants, sailed from Rotterdam, Holland, in the ship "Two Brothers," of which Thomas Arnot was master. Matthias Htitwohl, according to scraps of evidence extant, was born in Eheinish Bavaria, and of his parentage nothing is known, but tradition says that he and his parents were Lutheran in religious be- lief. Like most of the German emigrants of his time, he settled in Pennsylvania, and in the course of time married Miss Haas, sister of Christian Haas, who subse- quently settled near Turleytown, Rockingham Co., Ya., in which place he died when more than one hundred years of age. Matthias Htitwohl, by his marriage to Miss Haas, became the father of six children, whose names were respectively: David, Jacob, John. Christian, Mary and Anna. These children were left fatherless by the sudden death of their parent, which was caused by over physical exertion. The widowed mother, being without means, found it necessary to place her children among strangers. David, whose posterity has become so numerous in Virginia, was brought up by a family named Momaw. Jacob, after his marriage, settled near Charleston, now West Virginia, where he died, leaving few to bear his name: John married in Pennsylvania, and became the father of two children. Christian died single at Alexandria, Va., having been a shoemaker by trade; Anna married Samuel Weaver, from whom have descended the Weavers of Rockingham county, Va., and MaiT married Peter Bowman, who settled near Dale Enterprise. Va . and to whom the following named children were born: John, Peter, Jacob, Martin. Samuel, Susan, Mary and Elizabeth. Mrs. Bowman, wife of Peter, was born in Lan- caster county, Penn.. December 18, 1766, and died in 1833. David Htitwohl (who afterward spelled his name Heatwole, which spelling the family has since retained), son of Matthias, was born in 1767. As before stated, he was bound out, and un- fortunutely fell into the hands of a cruel task-master, by whom he was maltreated, and the scars from the I'eatiugs he received he carried to his grave. Subseqtiently he ran away and joined himself to a man named Momaw, and when eighteen MEMOIRfi OF INDIAXA. 607 years old went to reside with his uncle, Christian Haas, by whom he was taught the trade of shoemaking. He married Magdalene Weland, whose parents had settled in the wilds of northern Pennsylvania, and were twice driven from their home by the Indians, and in a conflict that occurred, one of the sons was killed and another wounded. Several years subsequent to David Heatwole's marriage (in 1794) he moved to Rockingham county, Virginia, in which he bought eighty- five acres of land. He became the father of eleven children: Gabriel, born October 26, 1789; Frances, boru December 19, 1790; Elizabeth, bom September 7, 1792; Christian, born June 7, 1795; David, born September 15, 1797; Abraham, bom September 23, 1799; Magdalene, born March 15, 1802, and died at the age of three years; Samuel, boru March 3, 180-4; John, born April 6, 1806; Anna, bom June 4, 1808, and Henry, born March 9, 1813. The father of these children was a plain, unassuming man, and a firm Ijeliever in and a strong advocate of the non- resistant doctrine as taught by Simon Menno. He was on elder in the Mennonite Church, to which he was ardently devoted. He died April 8, 1842, and his wife departed this life November 23, 1840, in her seventy-fifth year. Gabriel, the eldest, married Margaret Swank, and settled near Mole Hill, Eockingham Co., Va., where he followed the trade of cooper. To him and his wife eight sons and four daughters were born, all of whom married and lived near the old homestead on which their father died June 18, 1875, his wife's death occurring six or seven years previous. Frances, the second child of David and Magdalene Heatwole, married Michael Hildebrand, and bore him eight sons and two daughters; Elizabeth, the third child, married Henry Shank, by whom she had five sons and seven daughters (she died January 3, 1836); Christian, the fourth child, married Barbara Emswiler, who bore him two sons and one daughter (his death occurred August 31, 1853); David, the fifth child, married Susanna Helbert (first wife), by whom he had five children, and his second wife, Eliza Garrison, Ixire him eight children (he died June 5, 1867); Abraham, the sixth child, married Margaret Showalter, who bore him four children; Samuel, the eighth in order of birth, married Elizabeth Shank, by whom be became the father of six son.s and four daughters (he died November 22, 1858); John S. , the ninth, married Nancy Swank, sister of Gabriel's wife, and their union resulted in the birth of four sons and nix daughters (he died October 80, 1857); Anna, the tenth child, married Daniel Suter, and became the mother of three sons and two daughters (she died March 12, 1835, at the age of twenty- seven years); Henry, the youngest of this family, and the father of Dr. Joseph H. Heatwole, remained with his parents until he became of age. soon after which he left the scenes of his childhood and went to Ohio. In Columbiana county, of that State, he married Barbara, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth Culp, she being a native of Mahoning county, of that State. While there he took up the study of medicine, and subsequently entered upon the practice of his profession, first in his adopted State.and afterward, about 1851, in Lawrence county, Penn. Upon his removal to Indiana, he settled at Waterford. Elkhart Co. (in May, 1853), and in 1876 took up his residence in Goshen, in both of which places he successfully practiced his profession and acquired a high standing. His was a life of marked activity and indomitable perseverance. His disadvantages were many, yet they deterred not his progressive spirit. He rose above the obstacles encountered, and relinquished no purpose until fully gained. In whatever light his character is viewed, there appears a loftiness of spirit that approaches the ideal in man. In his youth his soul re- volted at the in.stitution of slavery, and hating it, he fled to free soil to escape the pains its hideous practice inflicted on his sensitive and noble nature. While many of his kinsmen during the Civil war took up arms against the Government, he re- mained true in his allegiance to his country, and the courage of his convictions never failed him when trial came. He imbil)ed from his ancestors the belief in the Men- nonite doctrine of religious belief, to the tenets of which faith he adhered through life. Devoid of a literary education himself, he realized how essential it was to the COS rrCTOlUAL ASD biooraphical welfare of bis childi-en, upon whom he lavished every means within his power to fortify and equip them, that they might more easily surmount the obstructive ele- ments of life. His own way in life was over difficulties which he wished his chil- dren to pass with the ease and power born of knowledge. Those that bear his name inherit in a large degree the characteristics and natiu'al forces of their revered sire, upon whom they reflect in no uncertain light. His union with Barbara Culp re- sulted in the birth of twelve children: Susanna, deceased; Elizabeth, who married Frank AVissinger; Matilda, deceased; Catherine, who married Uriah Anderson; Mary, deceased; Eebecca, who married Levi Croop; Joseph H. ; Henry, deceased; Joel; Prescott; Emma, who married Dr. William H. Nussbaum, and Ellen, deceased. Dr. Henry Heatwole departed this life April 1-t, 188S, and his venerable widow survives him at this writing. Dr. Joseph H. Heatwole was born in Lawrence county, Penn., April 6, 1853, and was one month old when his parents settled in Elkhart county. His primary education was obtained in the village school in Waterford, and at the age of sixteen he entered the Goshen High School, in which he fitted himself for college. Entering Mount Union College, Ohio, for two years he diligently devoted himself to study, qualitied himself to teach, and thus defrayed the expenses incurred in obtaining both a literary and medical education. He matriculated at the Ohio Medical College, of Cincinnati, in 1876, from which institution he graduated in 1878, after which he immediately began to practice his profession at Middlebury. lud. In 1883 he located in Goshen, where he has acquired a large and lucrative practice, and which has the merit of steady increase. He has held otficial positions of honor and trust, among them that of health officer of Elkhart county for six years. He is also a member of the board of pension examiners. He is progressive in his profession, is a close student, keep- ing himself well up in the medical literature of the day. In manner he is agreeable, affable and courteous; is an interesting and instructive talker, and altogether nat- ure has effected in him a combination of qualities which make of him one of the most congenial and companionable of men. His marriage was consummated March 20, 1879, with Miss Ella R., daughter of Rev. O. Y. Lemon, a well-known Methodist divine, and has borne him three children: Infant son, deceased, born February 15, 1880; Irmyn M., born July 26, 188-t, and died October 0. 1891, and Louise, born October 19, 1889. In politics the Doctor is an active Republican, and takes much interest in municipal. State and national affairs. Joel P. Heatwole, brother of the Doctor, was born in the village of Waterford Ind., August 22, 1856. He attended the village school and worked at different callings during his youth. The early age of nineteen years found him the principal of the schools of Millersburg, Ind., and being inclined to newspaper woik he estab- lished the Millersburg Enterprise in 1876 while teaching there. In 1878 he resigned his position as teacher and established the Middlebury Record, which he conducted until he sold out in 1881, in the fall of which year he purchased an interest in the Goshen Times, but disposed of it the following February. He was secretary of the Northern Indiana Editorial Association four years. In the summer of 1882 he went to Minnesota and purchased a half interest intheGlencoe Enterprise, which he edited until the next July, when he moved to Duluth and did editorial work on the Lake Superior News. In November, 1883, he returned to Glencoe and assumed charge of the Enterprise until April of 1884, when he jmrchasedthe Northfield Neics. About a year later he became the proprietor of the Northfield Journal and consoli- dated it with the Xeics, which he has conducted ever siuce. In 1886 he was elected first vice-president of the Minnesota Editors' & Publishers' Association, and in 1887 was elected president of the same, and re-elected in 1888. Besides his journalistic work, Mr. Heatwole has taken an active part in local aud State politics. He was a member of the Republican State Central Committee in 1886 and was elected secre- tary of that bod}' and was also a member of the executive committee. He was unanimously elected delegate at large to the National Republican Convention held MEMOIRS OF lyDIASA. 609 in Chicago in 1888 by the Eepnblicans of Minnesota. In July, 1800, Mr. Heatwole was appointed chairman of the Republican State Central Committee, a position he now holds. December 2(.), 1891, he was appointed by Gov. Merriam a member of the board of regents of the University of Minnesota. Although a comparatively young man, his career has been a continual march onward and upward, growing daily more popular with all who knew him. He is prominently mentioned as the Republican candidate for governor of his adopted State, and his prospects for future greatness and usefaluess are very llattering. He was married in London, England, to Mrs. Gertrude Archibald, of Faribault, Minn., a lady of great social and moral worth. JoHS B. Stoll was boru March 13, 1843, in the Black Forest region of Wurtem- berg. His father, Bernard Stoll, was an extensive landholder and a man noted for unusual physical strength and genial social qualities. In the fall of 1842, before John B. was bom, the father, while watering his horses in the river Murg, was drowned. A second marriage of his mother resulted in the dissipation of the greater part of the estate left by bis father, and a removal of the family to another part of Wnrtemberg. The boy. being an only son, and a favorite with his grand- parents, was kept at the latter's residence, chiefly under his grandmother's influ- ence. At the age of six he commenced going to school, a distance of something over three miles. It is said of him that he never missed a day's attendance nor a single lesson. About the only spending money he had was that obtained from some of his ambitions but, educationally, less successful schoolmates, who would, on special occasions, arrange (o have him yield his rank in the class to them, the stand- ing in scholarship determining the class location of the pupil in those days. He was usually from two to threeyears ahead of his class, and on competitive examinations in- variably stood lirst. As is usual with strong natures, the boy was naturally religious; and when his young mind was particularly Ijurdened with difficult lessons, the study of which was largely made while on his way to school, he often knelt at the way- side, turning his soul to God and earnestly praying for help from the Almighty. Like the father, his boyhood days developed a remarkable physical strength. It is said that while going to school, he never took advantage of his muscle in boyish com- bats, and never allowed himself to enter a contest unless his opponent was at least three years his senior. In such tests of muscular strength John usually came off with flying colors. At ten years of age he emigrated with his mother, a woman of courage and sterling worth, to America. Locating, they found a new home in Har- risburg, Penn. In two years sickness, aggravated l^y cares and too much responsi- bility, came, and the boy was left an orphan. Already that most thorough but sternest of all teachers, experience, was teaching self-reliance. Shortly before and after the death of his mother, he made his living by taking advantage of the means nearest to hand. The first employment obtained was setting up ten-pins in a l)Owl- ingalley; next he earned his way by peddling peppermint drops, stick candy, pins and needles, and hooks and eyes: next work was found on a farm managed by a ten- ant of Gen. Simon Cameron, a short distance east of Harrisburg: then employment in a bakery for six months was tried, and out of this he went into the office of the Harrisburg Telegraph and Der Vaterlands-Waechter. published by the then State printer, George Bergner. Learning to read English in a Lutheran Sunday-school, and intuitively realizing the necessity of a broad education, the youth now indus- triously applied himself to a wide reading and a practical study of the require- ments of newspaper work. For weeks and months he pursued his studies late after midnight. He attended every political meeting held in the evenings, every lecture to which he could have access, and as many theaters as ciicumstances permitted. He went to church twice every Sunday, and to Sunday-school, and eagerly devoured the contents of all the exchange papers he could lay his hands on. In this way he acquired a wide vocabulary, an acquaintance with different styles of oratory, and a knowledge of leading opinions on topics of the day. Blessed with a remarkable 610 PICTOIUAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL memory, be not only knew tlie surname of nearly every promiueut politician in the State, but also bis initials, place of residence, etc., so mucb so that whenever tbe editor of tbe paper on wbicb he worked was in doubt as to this or that prominent individual's name, the ''Printer's Devil"' could always furnish accurate information. Daring this three years' apprenticeship service young Stoll was prepared for membership, by confirmation, in the Lutheran Church. While attending catechetical lectures, his pastor, the Rev. William Parr, became proftnindly impressed with the belief that this earnest student ought to qualify himself for the ministry. l\ev. Parr stronglj- insisted on this, even going so far as to provide for the yoiing printer's admission to Gettysburg College. This was a severe struggle for young Stoll. He became enthiisiastic over the opportunity of going to college, and at one time fully deter- mined to avail himself of his pastor's favor and friendship. But aboxit this period, the quarrel in the Democratic party broke forth over the Kansas-Nebraska contro- versy, and he became warmly enlisted on the side of the anti-administration wing of the party which strenuously protested against forcing the institution of slavery on an unwilling people. Politics became more and more an infatuation, so he finally decided not to study for the ministry at Gettysburg, but to plunge, with all the impetuosity of bis natui-e, into the political vortex. General reading, together with independent observation, resulted in his having opinions of his own. Ardently as he espoused the cause of ''Buck and Breck" in the campaign of 1856, even more vehemently he opposed the pro-slavery policy of the Buchanan administration. At the end of the apprenticeship, the boy of sixteen accepted a position as journeyman in the office of the Middleburg, Penn., Volksfreuiicl (People's Friend). A year later, by industry and strict economy, he was able to purchase an interest in the Independent Observer, at Johnstown. Penn. Through the rascality of his partner, this venture proved a financial failure, so his connection with this paper was severed. Maturing early, his associations from boyhood were with young men from five to ten years older than himself. That he might improve by superior knowl- edge and experience he, at times, wholly abjured the company of young men, and sought association with men of middle age. Appearing older than his years, men came to repose confidence and responsibility on the young shoulders. These trusts were assumed with dignity, and duty was faithfully discharged, so, when it was determined to hold a Douglas State convention to effect a thorough State organ- ization of the Douglas Democracy, and two delegates were chosen from Cambria county to represent the sentiment of that faction, it was no surprise to see young Stoll chosen one of that number. The older heads of the Democratic party of Johnstown were nearly all associated with the Breckinridge element. This had no depressing effect on young Stoll who now threw himself in the breach and enthusi- astically championed the cause of Stephen A. Douglas. At the ratification meeting called shortly after the Baltimore convention, he was the only speaker. It was the largest and most enthusiastic meeting held there during the entire campaign. The large hall was densely packed, and the audience was in hearty accord with the youth- ful orator. This was really the occasion of bis first political speech: and though perfectly conscious of a nervous organism, he spoke to the people for two hours, without notes, and so direct was his address that he held the perfect attention and secured the unreserved sympathy of his hearers. At the opening of the war, when men hesitated to express pronounced views, Mr. Stoll took a decided stand for the suppression of the Eebellion. In response to President Lincoln's proclamation call- ing out 75,000 men to put down the Eebellion, a great meeting was held at which young Stoll was the principal speaker. As a Democrat he said no patriot could occupy an equivocal position in regard to the duty of the hour. The Eebellion must be put down and the integrity of the Government maintained. He regretted that President Lincoln did not callfor 300,000 instead of 75.000 men. The storm that had been brewing for thirty years was upon them and patriotism demanded imme- diate and decisive action. As a true citizen of the Eepublic, he freely gave voice MEMOIUS OF lyniANA. 611 and hand to support bis views, and tbrougli his direct influence many hesitating Democrats were prompted to enlist. He himself enlisted in one of the eight com- panies that were organized at Johnstown, within less than ten days after the fall of Sumter, but his company was rejected and disbanded finally on account of the over- flowing quota. Late in the spring of ISOl, Mr. Stoll, returning to Middlebnrg, resumed his former position on the "People's Friend. ' ' About the close of 1 863 he lx)Ught the paper of his employer, improved it, and greatly increased its patronage. In the early part of 1864, a few days after attaining his twenty-first year, he was elected a member of the school board of Middleburg and cho.sen its president. In the autumn of the following year he was elected county auditor, and had at his dis- posal a legislative nomination a year later. Business considerations and an irre- sistible inclination to go west and grow up with the country, caused a removal to Indiana in the spring of 1866. At twenty-three Mr. Stoll quietly Ijut surely laid the foundation of Democratic journalism in a comer of Indiana that was steeped in Republican ideas and sentiments. Possessed of that repose which characterizes phys- ical and mental health, he allowed no amount of scathing criticism to disturb the even tenor of his ways. The Ligonier Banner, the child of the new soil, was estab- lished in Noble county, May 3, 1866. He became successively editor-in-chief of the La Porte Argus, which he established in the spring of 1869; the South Bend Courier, a German paper (1875); the Elkhart Daily and Weekly Democrat, the name of which he changed to Elkhart -Vonttor n 881); all of which prospered in his hands and rapidly gained in circulation. During all this time he maintained his residence at Ligonier. In the spring of 1883 Mr. Stoll removed to South Bend, and though for years continuing to contribute to the columns of the Ligonier Banner he centered his newspaper work in the Times. Though attempted by men of acknowl- edged newspaper ability, because of the predominating Republican influence, re- peated failures had been the history of previous efforts to establish daily Demo- cratic papers in South Bend. By steady, well-defined effort and clear apprehension of what a progressive community demands of the newspaper, the Times prospered and became a social necessity. Mr. Stoll conceives the high mission of the press in diffusing moral tone and progressive ideas on economic, educational, political and ethical problems of the day; and he also recognizes the fact that the best class of people is hungering for just this sort of diet. He maintains that the purpose of a good family paper, daily or weekly, is not to scatter the seeds of discord, to find fault with pretty much everylx)dy and everything, nor to tear down, to array neigh- bor against neighljor, or to create discontent, but rather to counsel harmony and unity in building up, to commend that which is commendable, to teach people that it is right to render unto Caesar what rightfully belongs to Caesar, to counsel the proper direction of constructive forces, and to point the way of success by teaching habits of industry and frugality. Previous to 1869 the press of northern Indiana dealt too largely in personal journalism. A consideration of this impelled Mr. Stoll in that year to become in.strnmental in organizing the Northern Indiana Edit- orial Association, the chief object of which, besides a general improvement of the newspaper business, was to eliminate this evil. From the beginning of this organ- ization, he served as its president for six consecutive years. It is hardly necessary to state that since the founding of this association the newspaper business has rad- ically improved, both financially and morally. In June. 1892, Mr. Stoll was again made the presiding officer of this organization. Becau.se of the disastrous results of the campaign in 1880, and the failure to elect Gen. Hancock, a Democratic State Press Association seemed to lie needed, in order that the press might be more effi- cient and effective in disseminating Democratic principles; therefore, on January 8, 1881, Mr. Stoll, together with a few interested friends, founded the Democratic State Editorial Association, served as its first president and is now chairman of the executive committee. His interests during these years were not confined to journal- ism, but his large sympathies gave personal support to the grave political issues, 612 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL which in his youthful years possessed so much attraction. His pea and tongue had spoken in no uncertain terms of the principles which he believed to be right. His diction was always forcible and his arguments clear and sweeping. He not only gained prominence as a public speaker, but became an acknowledged leader of pub- lic opiuioD. Iq December of 1860, by special direction of President Johnson, he was appointed assistant assessor of internal revenue, in recognition of his unwaver- ing support of the President's reconstruction policy. In 1868, after two years' res- idence in the State, he was tendered the Democratic nomination to Congress, but declined, and the same j^ear he was elected chairman of the Democratic Central Com- mittee of Noble county, filling the position from 1868 to 1870 and again in 188(1. In January, 1870, he became a candidate for the Democratic nomination for State auditor, and, though less than four years a resident of the State, came within twenty-nine votes of securing the nomination against heavy odds. Two years later, he received the nomination for that ofBce against his successful competitor of 1870, but at the election, with the bulk of the Democratic ticket, was defeated by 172 votes, most of the other candidates on the ticket suffering a much heavier defeat. In 1870 Mr. Stoll was sent as a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at St. Louis, of which body he was elected one of the vice-presidents. Accepting the nomination of his party for Congress in 1878, he made a vigorous campaign and reduced the Repub- lican majority from 2,300 in 1876 to 1,600. Many will remember the heated polit- ical contest of 1884. In the two months before the election Mr. Stoll made a thorough canvass of St. Joseph county, as well as other parts of the State, and spoke almost every day. St. Joseph county in the preceding election had cast a majority vote of 498 for Garfield, and elected the entire Republican ticket. In 1884 the Demo- crats carried it by about the same figures, and have since controlled it. Considera- ble comment was occasioned by this election, in and out of the State, and in appre- ciation of Mr. Stoll's vigorous and valuable labor, both in person and through the columns of his bright paper, he was presented by the citizens of Dodd, Tex., a tine and valuable, gold-headed cane and a large list of subscribers. In recognition of his many services to the Democratic cause, the Indiana Congressional delegation, in 1885. seconded by Vice-President Hendricks, unanimously recommended Mr. Stoll for the oflBce of public printer, the largest printing establishment in the world. His candidacy was endorsed by all the Democratic members of the Indiana Legislature, e.xcept one; the supreme judges, State officials and many influential Demociatic politicians, besides the active support of Congressmen from Illinois, Wisconsin, Mich- igan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and other States. The contest over the public printeiship lasted about eighteen months. Mr. Stoll, in the fall of 1885, requested his friends of the Indiana delegation to withdraw his name, for the reason that the delay had already proven expensive and vexatious, and that the President had had ample time to reach a conclusion. Senator Voorhees did go to the White House to request the withdrawal of Mr. Stoll's papers, but Mr. Cleveland protested against this, and asked for a '"little more time'' to look into the matter. From that on, however, Mr. Stoll lost interest in the contest, and made repeated requests to end the matter; but his immediate friends at the national capital refused to give their consent to this, insisting that since the fight had been waged for so looga time no retreat could be ordered, and the President himself must terminate the issue. The last request made of the President by Vice-Presiident Hendricks was that Mr. Stoll be appointed to this position. About a year after this final request had been made. Mr. Cleveland appointed T. E. Benedict, of the State of New York. (In justice to all concerned and to secure a full understanding of the case, it should be stated that after Presi- dent Cleveland had formed his cabinet, and Indiana had not received recognition, the President informed the Indiana delegation that if they could unite on a man for public printier that important position should be at their disposal. The delegation took decisive action at once by unanimously agreeing upon Mr. Stoll with the result as above stated.) It is said by those having this matter in charge that no applicant MEilUlUS Of lyVIASA. 613 for appointment from Indiana had as strong endorsements from the best men iu the State, as those tiled with tlie President iu Mr. Stoll's behalf. Something of an idea of the character of these endorsements may be gained from the letters of three eminent pu!)lic men, among more than a hundred testimonials from other dis- tingni?;hed Indiana men. Supreme Judge J. A. S. Mitchell, late of Goshen, a gentle- man who enjoyed the unbounded esteem and love of his fellow-citizens, and who knew Mr. Stoll more thoroughly than perhaps any other prominent man in the State, wrote in these strong terms to the President: lNDi.\:sAroLis, April 15, 1885. To His Exeellenc!/, The President: It gives me great pleasure to recoramend to you for appointment to the office of public printer, Hon. John B. Stoll, of South Bend, Ind. My acciuaintance with Mr. Stoll com- menced when we were both younji men, about the year 18(36, and I have known him well and intimately ever since, and I speak from personal knowledge when I say that he is in every way worthy and competent for any public trust requiring intelligent application to duty, business capacity and industry. lie has had a large experience iu edidng and publishing newspapers, ha\ing"for years managed two important public journals with success, besides I know Mr. Stoll t^ be au upright, conscientious man, thoroughly devoted to what he undertakes and ambi- tious and capable of success. He is active, zealous and influential in his State, in high standing with all the hesl elements nf his party, who would receive his appointment as a compliment to a deserving and worthy gentleman. Very respectfullv, .J. A. S. Mitchell, Judge Supreme Court. Supreme Judge William E. Niblack, for many years a representative in Congress from the Vineenues district and for two terms a member of the supreme court of Indiana, gave this estimate of Mr. Stoll: IxDiAXAPOLis, April 23, ISSo. Referring to pending application of Hon. .John B. Stoll, of South Bend, in this State, for the office of pubUc printer at Washington, I take pleasure in siiying that I have had the honor of his acquaintance for nearly twenty years, during all of which time he has been connected with the public press of northern Indiana. He is a gentleman of recognized ability, of industry and great force of character. He is, moreover, apt, shrewd and appreciative in all matters relating to public affairs, with earnest convictions and the courage to do what he believes to be right. Taking all in all, I have regarded him for many years as one of the foremost newspaper men in the State, and, in some respects, in the lead of all the rest. Terse and significant were the words of Col. Charles Deuby, whom President Cleveland appointed as minister to China, and who still holds the position: "I take pleasure in recommending Mr. John B. Stoll for any appointment to which he may aspire." The estimates of these gentlemen have been given on these pages as a reflex of their judgment and a commentary on the subject of this sketch. In March, 1889, Mr. Stoll was elected trustee of the Indiana Institute for the Education of the Blind at Indianapolis, was appointed treasurer of the board, which position he still holds, having been unanimously renominated by the Democratic legislative caucus in 1891 for a period of four years. In local interests as well as State, Mr. Stoll has been active and useful, and his resources have ever been iu demand by local clubs and business organizations. For two years he was treasurer and three years president of the Noble County Agricultural Society; was a member of the Ligonier town council for five consecutive years; was president of the two birilding, loan and sav- ing associations of Ligonier; was secretary of the Ligonier school board, and is at present president of the Working Men's Building & Loan Association of South Bend. Flattering inducements, from time to time, have been offered Mr. Stoll in the journalistic field. Prior to locating in Indiana he was offered the management of a widely circulated paper at Easton, Peun. ; in the seventies he was urged to accept the editorship of a newly establislied paper at Indianapolis; in 1874 tempting offers came from Minneapolis, Minn.; and iu 1885, a particularly inviting offer came from a number of prominent Democrats of Ciiicago to accept the editorial responsibility of a Democratic paper iu tliat city, but, after due consideration, he decided to remain in South Bend and devote his attention to his business centered there. In Middle- burg, Penu., Mr. Stoll met the lady who became his wife in 1801. From this mar- 614 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL riage, oiit of eight, but four children are living: Ella C, Eva B., Edgar A. and Elmer Roscoe. Four children died in infancy, among them John B. While the father was absent on a campaign tour in the southern part of the State in 1870, Johnny succumbed to that terrible and dreaded malady, diphtheria. A precocious and unusually interesting child of four summers, beloved by the entire community, his loss was a most severe grief to the community at large and a crushing blow to the family. There are three distinctive measures of public policy in the advocacy of which Mr. StoU has for years been especially active and zealous. These are: Restricting immigration so as to prohibit the landing upon American shores of crim- inals, paupers, imbeciles and anarchists; a graduated income tax, and the election of United States senators by the people. Mr. Stoll has tilled the years with mater- ials for peace and prosperity. His unselfish, thoughtful consideration of others has won for him an unusually large circle of warm friends and many delightful acquaint- ances. Time has dealt kindly with him in preserving physical and mental strength, and as the fruit of time well spent, he enjoys at present a steadily growing business and the comforts of a beautiful home. William Kercher is a substantial farmer of Pennsylvania nativity, and from the date of his birth, which occurred in Lancaster county, December 31, 1813, be has resided either in that State, Ohio or Indiana. He is of German descent and has inherited many of the most worthy traits of the German race. His father, John Kerchei', was also born in Lancaster county, Penn. , and was married there to Cath- erine Koser, the daughter of a well-to-do farmer of that county, and their union resulted in the birth of the following children: William, Susan, Katie and Eliza. The father was a member of the Lutheran Church, was a hard-working, industrious man. and was naturally very strong and rugged, but his career was cut short by the hand of death at the age of fifty years. His son William unfortunately received but little schooling in his youth, instead of which his time was devoted to learning the miller's trade, at which he worked for sixteen years. At the age of twenty-six years he removed to Ohio, where he spent one year in the grist-mill of Benjamin Hushig, of Richland county, after which he worked for some time in a mill in Wayne county. He then returned to Richland county, and for four years worked in the Spring mill. The year before, January 7, 1838, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Moyer, daugh- ter of John Moyer, a farmer of Richland county, who became a resident of Elkhart county in 1819, and died at the age of eighty years, having been an upright and honorable man throughout a long and useful career. Nine children eventually came to the home of Mr. and Mrs. Kercher: Sarah, Catherine, John, Abraham, Susannah, William, Caroline, Albert and Rebecca. Mr. Kercher came with his family to Indi- ana in 1851, arriving in Goshen October 23 of that year, and in the spring of the following year he settled on his present farm, which then consisted of 120 acres, only a small portion of which had been cleared and improved. Like the majority of pioneer settlers " He cut, he logged, he cleared his lot And into many a dismal spot he let the light of day." He made many improvements, and after many years of hard labor he had the satis- faction of seeing waving fields of grain where once had been heavy timber land, and knew this to have been brought about by his own efforts. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Duukard Church, and he was one of the prime movers in building the church of that denomination in the township. He is a Republican, a public- spirited citizen, and an honorable man in every particular. Being essentially relig- ious he has brought up his children in a very creditable manner, and has assisted them all to a substantial start in life. His daughter, Sarah A., married Samuel Steiner, a farmer of Kansas, by whom she has four children; Catherine married Sam- uel Smith, also a farmer of the Sunflower State, by whom she has three children; John married Miss Kate Peck, by whom he has three children, and is a butcher of Freeport, 111.; Caroline married John Buzzard, a farmer of Harrison township, Elk- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 617 hart county, and is the mother of six children; Abraham married Ann Buzzard, is a farmer of Elkhart township, and has six children; William married Eliza Ann Cripe, is a farmer of the township, and has four children; Rebecca married Samuel F. Croup, of Goshen, and has two children; Alfred married Sophia Blongh, and is farming on the old home place, and Susaa is at home. Mr. Kercher has twenty-eight grand- children and six great -graudchildren. Hon. E. Volney Bingham, Mishawaka, Ind. Among the members of the St. Joseph county bar there is no man who has been more the architect of his own fort- unes, as a representative and prominent citizen, than Mr. Bingham. In his chosen profession he occupies a high position which he has acquired by arduous study and a strict adherence to an honorable cause. As a citizen he is well and favorably known to his fellow townsmen, having passed all his life in their midst, while as a pol- itician he is deservedly popular with the leaders of his party, as well as with the masses. He is descended from sterling Scotch ancestors and from an old American colonial family who were among the early settlers of New England. Elisba Bing- ham, his grandfather, was born in Vermont, where he followed agricultural pursuits. He was married in that State to Phcebe Wright and afterward settled in western New York. As a citizen, he was present and took part in the battle of Plattsburg. After some years he moved to Ashtabula county, Ohio, of which he was one of the pioneer settlers and where he resided many years. In his old age he came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , and passed his declining years with his son Alfred, dying at the age of seventy-seven years. He was a member of the Baptist Church and an earn- est Christian gentleman. He was the father of Alva, Elisha, John, Lorinda, Mary, Alfred, Harriet and William Bingham. Alfred Bingham was born in western New York, February 16, 1810, and received the common-school education of his day. He was reared a farmer and was married in New York to Lucy Judson, by whom he became the father of two children who died young. Later they moved to Ashtabula county, Ohio, but between 183-(:-5 he removed to Branch county, Mich., and in 1835-6 came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and settled on a tract of wild land in-Penn township. After a short residence on this land he located in Mishawaka and became an employe in the St. Joseph Iron Company, with which he remained for many years. Since that time he has engaged in various pursuits, but is now retired from active life, having reached the advanced age of eighty-three years. He has ever held a high place in the estimation of the public, for his career has been marked by honesty, energy and candor, and he has held a number of minor offices in his town- ship. He po.ssesses an active and inquiring mind, has always been a great reader, an independent thinker and of very decided opinions. After the death of his first wife he married Ann, daughter of Francis Miller, who was born in Ireland and came to America at the age of twelve years, settling in Pennsylvania, where he followed the occupation of farming and operated a carding-mill. Mr. Bingham's second union re- sulted in the birth of the following children: Newton, Francis, E. Volney, Sarah, Lydia J. , Eliza L. , Hattie and Ellen. He was a strong Union man during the great Civil war and had three sons in the army. Newton enlisted in Company F, Forty-eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry at Mishawaka in 1861, as a pri- vate. He was elected orderly sergeant, was promoted to second lieutenant at the battle of luka for bravery on the field, and was assigned to Company G. He was then commissioned first lieutenant, but never filled this ofBce as he received his commission as captain at the same time. Later he was made major and after serv- ing in this capacity for a short time was made lieutenant colonel and finally colonel. He was a brave and gallant soldier, an efficient officer and served his country until the war closed, dying soon afterward of consumption. Francis enlisted in the One Hun- dred and Thirtj' eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteer Infantry and served about one year. E. Volney was in Company G. Forty-eighth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was born in Penn township, St. Joseph Co., Ind., August 1, 18-t4. on his parents' farm, but was reared in Mishawaka, in the public schools of which he received his education. 36 618 PICTORIAL AND BIOGKAPIIICAL Wheu quite young he began working in a furniture factory. From bis earliest Ijoy- hood he was a great reader and when quite young began reading law, but his studies were interrupted by the Rebellion, and in February, 1864, he enlisted in the United States service, in which he remained until the war terminated, being with Sherman on his march to the sea, and from Savannah to Richmond, and terminated his mili- tary career with the Grand Review at Washington, D. C. After being mustered out and honorably discharged at Indianapolis he returned to Mishawaka with the rank of sergeant major, being a non-commissioned otiBcer on the regimental staff. After his return to Mishawaka he clerked for two years, after which he became a traveling salesman. During this time he had remained true to his determination to become a lawyer and as a means to this end he carried a law book with him on the road, and his leisure hours were devoted to its perusal. Owing to failing health he quit the road and for two years thereafter was unable to follow an active business life, but this time was by no means wasted, for it was spent in posting himself in his chosen profession. Upon regaining his health he was elected to the position of justice of the peace and held this position three terms, or twelve years, although the township was strongly Republican, and the Republicans always elected their ticket. While tilling this position he naturally resumed the study of law and was admitted to the bar in 1875, since which time he has been a successful practitioner. He has re- cently been elected by a good majority on the Democrat ticket to the State Senate, and although he is an active Democrat he has been by no means an office seeker. He was postmaster of Mishawaka for four years under President Cleveland and has been a member of the school board and of the board of school trustees of the town. He is entirely a self-made man and owes his success in life to his own unaided efforts. His education and knowledge of law was gained by painstaking study, which was pursued uuder many and trj'ing difficulties, but with characteristic energy he perse- vered and is now independent. He stands deservedly high as a member of the St. Joseph county bar and it is needless to say that his integrity is unimpeachable. December 7, 1872, he was married to Hattie E. Grrimes, daughter of Dr. J. F. Grimes, a sketch of whom appears in this volume, and to them four children have been born: Katie R., Hattie B., James F. and Charles W. Christian Umbadgh is one of the progressive young agriculturists of the county of Elkhart and is deeply interested in the welfare of this section, for here he was born on July, 29, 1861, being the sixth in a family of seven children (three of whom are living) born to the marriage of William Umljaugh and Elizabeth Cloves. The early life of Christian was spent on his father's farm, on which he was born, in Union township, which is located four and a half miles northeast of Nappanee, and his education, which is of a practical kind, was obtained in what is known as the Staufler school. Like most farmer's boys, he had to assist his parents on the farm when he became old enough, and thereafter attended school only during the winter months. He was left fatherless at the age of fourteen years and thereafter he assisted his mother and brother, William, in managing the old home place. There his mother was called from life in the month of March, 1890. At the age of twenty-two years Christian was united in marriage with Miss Susan Stump, born April 27, 1802, a daughter of Solomon Stump, a sketch of whom appears in this work, and imme- diately after they took up their residence on the farm of eighty acres, on which they are now living, all of which is well improved and forty acres are cleared, the other forty being in heavy timber land. At the time of their location the place had no improvements but an old log house which had stood on the place for years, but this Mr. Umbaugh burned down and erected on its site his present handsome resi- dence, and has made other valuable improvements in the way of out-buildings, fences, etc. He has shown himself to be a live and progressive young man and the manner in which he manages his farm shows that he possesses a thorough knowledge of his calling as well as sound judgment. His property has been acquired by up- right methods, and being interested in the welfare of his section and generous in his MEMOinS OF INDIANA. 619 support of worthy causes, he is considered a decided acquisition to the region in which he resides. He is well informed on all the current issues of the day and has always supported Democratic principles. He is following a general Hue of farming, gives considerable attention to the raising of stock, and besides the laud on his home farm he tills forty acres in the vicinity of his home, on the west, and twenty- five acres near the old home place. He is one of the first citizens of the county, is an energetic young man and gives every promise of becomiug wealthy. He has two sous: Verner, who was born July 24, 1884, and Mervin, born March 10, ISSt'), both of whom are attending school. Mr. Umbaugh's parents came from Ohio to Indiana, but the mother was born in Germany November 16, 1824, and came to this country when a girl, her parents having died in their native land. She married Mr. Um- baugh in 1850 and two years later they took up their residence in Elkhart county, being among the early settlers of this region. Here they followed farming and reared their family. John died a number of years ago and left a family in Union township; George died at the age of eighteen years; Lizzie is the wife of William Wagner and is living in Nappanee; Regina was severely burned in childhood and died from its eilects; Christian; William is a farmer of Union township, and the rest of the children died in early childhood. The mother died when sixty-five 3'ears of age, having for many years been a member of the Reformed Church; she was an exemplary Christian and was loved by all who knew lier. The father was a prominent farmer of the county and died in 1877, having been born in Germany in 1816. When he was a young man he sought a fortune in America, eventually made a good property and left a good estate, which was divided among his children. He was also a member of the Reformed Church and held office in the same. He had experienced the trials and privations of pioneer life and thor- oughly knew the hard work involved in clearing up a farm from the wilderness. He was a stone-mason by trade and worked at that occiipation to some extent after taking up his residence in this country. After their marriage he and his wife first resided for a time in Columbiana county, Ohio, and upon coming to this section were in moderate circumstances, and here eventually became prominent. George Beck, the successful ice dealer of South Bend, Ind. , is a German by birth, born in the Fatherland on the 14th of July, 1821, to John and Sebina (Hab- ner) Beck, who were also born in that country. The father was a soap maker by trade in Rawitch, Bavaria, and being an industrious and prudent man, he became possessed of a considerable amount of worldly goods. Three of their sons and four daughters still reside in Germany. George Beck was the second eldest of the family and in his father's establishment learned the details of soap- making. The outlook for acquiring a competency in that country was too slow and uncertain to suit one of his energetic and ambitious disposition, and accordingly in 1853 he turned his footsteps westward with the intention of making a home for himself in America and in 1858 became a resident of South Bend. He at once established a factory here for the manufacture of soap, which he contiuued with satisfactory financial results until 1876. He manufactured what was known as the Germany Model soap, the demand for which became large and remunerative. In 1876 he gave up this line of work to engage in the ice business, which has since oc- cupied his time and attention. His patronage extends to all parts of the city, and as he keeps a pure line of ice, fills his orders promptly and at reasonable prices, he is fully deserving of the large patronage which is his. In the winter of 1891-2 he and his son put up about 8,000 tons, Ijut the June following the ice house was burned, the loss amounting to about $10,000 and there was no insurance. They have rebuilt their ice house and will do even a more extensive business in the future than they have done in the past. The education of Mr. Beck was obtained in the land of his birth and while there he was a soldier for six years in the regular army. He was married soon after he was released from the service, and for four years thereafter was eng iged in making soap on his own account, this experience and the apprenticeship 620 PICTORIAL AND BIOGUAPHICAL which he had served under his father admirably fitting him for the suocessful conduct of such an enterprise. His wife was Miss Johanna Mavgarette, from the same locality as himself and their union resulted in the birth of two sons and live daughters, of whom one daughter is deceased: Minnie is the wife of Henry Fatish; Nomie is the wife of Mr. Grandes; Emma is a milliner of South Bend; Johanna is at home; John W. is in business with his father and George W. is a successful lumberman of Hobart, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Beck are worthy church members and his first presidential vote was cast for James Buchanan. He is one of the substantial busi- ness men of South Bend, is honest and upright and has deservedly built up a large trade in the ice business. William Andeea Thomas. Perhaps there is no name more familiar, or more favorably known to the people of Elkhart county, Ind. , than the one above men- tioned. This is not alone due to the fact that the one to whom it belongs has been a resident of Elkhart county for more than half a century, but the name has been very intimately associated with the moral, social and intellectual and financial growth of the county. In fact the name of William A. Thomas is to Elkhart county and Goshen, what an heirloom is to a proud and deserving family. The family to which William A. Thomas belongs came from Wales to America prior to the Revolution and settled in one of the Atlantic States, but at an early day emi- grated to Virginia. Thomas Thomas, the great-grandfather of William A., was likely a soldier in the war for independence, as he often spoke of those times and his meeting with Washington and other notables of that period. The family were residents of Delaware at that time, and it was here that Thomas Thcmas, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in 1792. He went with his father to Mon- roe county, Va., and there, in 1815, he married Mary, daughter of a Mr. Kelly, a substantial farmer of that county. Early in 1827 Mr. Thomas came with his fam- ily to Richmond, Ind., but in less than two years he moved to Gary Mission, Mich., and in 1828 or 1829, located on Two Mile Plain, his nearest neighbors being a Mr. Rousnau, on Elkhart River, two miles away, and Andrew Naufsinger on the north side of the St. Joseph River. Here he engaged in farming and remained until the organization of the county, when he was chosen the first circuit court clerk, and moved his family to Goshen. He was clerk of that court fourteen years and well and faithfully performed his duty. During his incumbency in the clerk's office, he started a store at Leesburg and later one in Goshen which, with the aid of William A., he successfully operated. He was a man of very decided convictions, as his leaving Virginia that his family might be reared away from the baneful influences of slavery clearly indicates. He was an old line Whig, and a memlier of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church, and was in all ways a most worthy man. To him and wife were born a family of ten children, the most of whom married and made their homes in Elkhart county, where they became well-known and highly respected citi- zens. Lewis D., one of the sons, was the efficient recorder of the county for several years. Mrs. Thomas died in 1845, deeply lamented by the family and community. Later in life Mr. Thomas took a second wife, by whom he became the father of one child. Mr. Thomas died in Kosciusko county in 1883, at the advanced age of ninety-one years. William Andrea Thomas was born in Monroe county, Va. , March 3, 1816, and his education was such as the subscription schools of that day afforded. When the family moved to Goshen, William, for some time, found employment on a farm near town. He clerked for his father in the store at Leesburg, and later in the store at Goshen. The latter establishment was a frame structure on the present site of Dale's drj' goods store, and was built by the Defrees Bros. In 1838 he en- tered the circuit clerk's office as deputy to his father, and from that time on he was virtually that official, as his father was absent much of the time. In 1844 he was a candidate for clerk on the Whig ticket, but his being the losing party, he was con- sequently defeated. This ended his political career and the year following he and Milton Mercer engaged as partners in mercantile pursuits at Bainter's Mills, but MEMOIIiS OF INDIANA. 621 some time later removed their stock of goods to Goshen, where they remained together in business some three years. From that time on for more than twenty consecutive years, he was an active and uniformly successful merchant. In 1869 he established a fiouring-mill on the Hydraulic Canal, which, for years, did a flourishing business. In 1875 he closed out his dry goods business, and a year later established the Farmer's Bank at Goshen, taking in as a partner his son-in-law, La Porte Heefner. This institution, under tlie wide and conservative management and direction of Mr. Thomas, has become one of the leading financial institutions in northern Indiana. November 14, 1845, Mr. Thomas was united in mairiage with Miss Sarah J. McKinney, whose people were well known residents of Miami county, Ohio. Three years later Mrs. Thomas died, having borne him two children: John F. and Sarah I. November 5, 1850, Mr. Thomas married Miss Eliza C, sister of his first wife, and a lady of great social and moral worth. By this union there were three children: Mary E., Jane E. and Elvira L. Of the five children born to him, only three are living. The only son and Mary E. are deceased. Sarah I. became the wife of C. M. Harris, and is a resident of Goshen; Jane E. married La Porte Heefner, and Elvira L. resides at home. Could it be known the motives which actuate the most humble, a romance as picturesque as the Arabian Nights or Lalla Rookh might be written, but as actions, character and things accomplished are the only outward manifestations of the real man, it is upon these and these alone that the judgment must be founded and the verdict given. This being true, it can never be otherwise than pleasant to consider the life of a man whose character has been firm and unswerving in the right, whose actions have been manly, and who has accomplished that which commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. All this can be justly said of William Andrea Thomas. A son of honest and industrious parents, who came to Indiana at a time when naught but hardships were to be expected, he early learned the importance of self-reliance and economy, and at an early age began the battle of life for himself. His whole life has been one of toil and close application to his varied interests. He early recognized the fact that nothing could be attained without labor, and bearing this ever in mind, he has done his work well, and now in his old age he is enjoying a justly earned competency and the respect of all who know him. By some, Mr. Thomas is considered a severe economist, but be that as it may, it can truly be said of him that he is a true friend to those whom he considers deserving of his friendship. Politically he has always voted and acted in opposition to the Democratic party. He and his wife are mem- bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Such in brief is an account of the life of William Andrea Thomas, one of Elkhart county's oldest and most highly re- spected citizens. Milton Mercer, who has been long atid prominently connected with the busi- ness affairs of Goshen and throughout an honorable career in the commercial affairs of the city has made numerous warm friends, owes his nativity to Fairfield, Green Co., Ohio, where he was born on June 23, 1820, his parents being Moses and Mary (Carpenter) Mercer, with whom he came to Goshen, Ind. , arriving on the day he was twelve years of age. The journey thither was a tedious and toilsome one and young Milton covered the entire distance on foot. Owing to the fact that the family was in straitened circumstances, and the head of the familj' an invalid, who died in April, 1833, Milton was compelled to seek employment in order to as- sist in the support of the family, which consisted of three younger brothers. At that time the country was new and the now thriving town of Goshen was but one year old, conse(piently it did not take him long to find employment in a store owned and conducted by Morrison, Harris & McCord, at the by no means munificent compen- sation of $3 per month. He boarded at home with his mother, and although his compensation was small it aided materially in keeping the wolf from the door, and although he was brought in contact with the hard realities of life at an early age it taught him many useful lessons, among which energy and self-reliance were not the 632, riCrOlilAL ASl) liKHiliM'inCAL least. From that tiruo on, until IS44, liis onorjjy ami dosire to please thoso with whom he had business relations sooured him steady eniployment, hut at the end of that time he wisely decided to en}»age in business on his own account and he accord- iui:;ly openeil a mercantile establishment at Wyland.-- Mills (now called New Paris Mills), where he remained successfully employed for two years, at the end of which time he moved his stock to Goshen and there continvied to be one of the foremost merchants until ISol. In 1S4S his many acceptable qualities won him the position of county commissioner, iu dischar^iny the duties of which he made an enviable record for himself and in I80O his nnn>erons friends showed their appreciali.ni of his worth by electing him their repieseutalive in the le<^islative halls of the State, where his record for efliciency and interest in the affairs of his section won him the hearty ap- proval of his constituents. On June 12, 1850, he was united in niarriai:»e to Miss Olive E. Francisco, daughter to John and Anna Francisco, of Naples, Ontario Co., N. Y. Mrs. Mercer was born January 28, 1832. and her union with Mr. Mercer has resulted in the birth of live children, three of whom are living: Arthur L. . Lottie H. and Hervey V.; Anna Mary died September 18, 1852, and Henry F. died March lU, 1874. Having purchased a farm north of the town, he at once turned his attention to improving it and during the time that he resided, on it. from 1854 to 1878. he erected thereon some fine buildings, good fences and im]iroved it in such a manner that it was justly regarded as one of the most valuable farms of the size in the county. In 185() he was again electedtotheState Legislature, discharging his duties with his former intelligence andenergy. In 1858 he bought the controll- ing interest in the Bank of Goshen, assumed the management of the same, and when the National Bank was chartered, he connected it with the Bank of Goshen, under the name of the First National Bank of Goshen, but when Congress passed the act demonetizing silver Mr. Mercer gave notice that the bank would close up its affairs. Although his early opportunities for acquiring an education were of the most meager description, he possessed a naturally brilliant mind, and had the pluck, keen fore- sight and penetration to make the most of every opportunity that came in his way, and his efforts were rewarded in the accumulation of a large amount of property, which he had the satisfaction of knowing was obtained by honest efforts in- stead of any fraudulent means whatsoever. He has been au extensive and varied reader and has always been a liberal supporter of enterprises that have recom- mended themselves to his excellent judgment, and has been a potent factor in bring- ing them to a successful issue. He was president of the company that constructed the water power at Goshen. Ebexezer M. Ch.\mberl.\in, es-judge and congressman, was born in Orrington, Penobscot Co., Me., .\ugust 20, 1805. His early education was limited to such as he could obtain iu the common schools, during the winter months, when his labor on the farm was not required for the su]i]mrt of his father's family. At six- teen he left the farm and worked in a ship-yaid for six years: but, in accordance with the New England custom, his father received his earnings until the day of his majority, .\fter this auspicious epoch he continued his labors at the ship-yard, and iu a short time saved a fund large enough to enaVile him to spend six months at au academy. After this he studied law in the office of Elisha H. Allen. Esq., of Ban- gor, for three years, and taught school to earn the necessaries of life. In 1831, while a law student, young Chamberlain achieved prominence in the debates of the Sunday mail question which engrossed the public attention at that time. So able were his arguments against its jirohibition, before the Forsenic Club, that those who favored his views printed them iu pamphlet form and circulated them extensively. The laws of Maine requiring seven years' preliminary study before admission to the bar, Mr. Chamberlain, on account of limited means, determined to emigrate to the more promising West. In June, 1832. with but a few dollars, the proceeds of the previous winter's school, he set his face, solitary, yet hopeful, for Indiana, and arrived iu Fayette county a month later. After a short spell at school, teaching to SlEMOrns OF INDIiyA. 623 replenish his treasury, he entered the law office of Samuel \V. Parke, Esq., of Con- nersville, and Aufjust 9, 1833, was admitted to the bar. A few months later he removed to Elkhart county and practiced his profession. In 1835 he was elected representative in the Legislature from northern Indiana, a district nearly one-fifth of the entire State. Mr. Charuberlain, was, on November 28, 1838, united in marriage to Phebe Ann, daughter of Amasa Hascall, Esq., of Le Roy, New York. In 1839 he was elected to the State Senate for a three-years term, and took rank as one of the leaders of the Democratic p.irty. His famous address on the anniversary of the battle of New Orleans, delivered before the Demfjcratic State Convention in 1841, exemplified before the people his strength and eloquence, and thereafter his polit- ical preferment was rapid and continuous. In 1842 he was elected by the legisla- ture prosecuting attfjrney of the Ninth Judicial District, and a year later presiding jadge of the same district. At the expiration of his term in 18ol he was re-elected without opposition. So clear was the justice he gave out impartially to all that, when adverse criticism appeared in the Whig press, the entire bar in attendance at court united in a letter to Judge Chamberlain testifying to the "creditable, digni- fied, courteous and satisfactory" manner in which he di.scharged the duties of his high office. The a.ssociate judges, both Whigs, added their written encomiums of praise to the same effect. During the nine years he remained on the bench Judge Cham- berlain retained the respect and esteem of the bar and people. The high regard of his party is illustrated by the frequent honors bestowed on him. In 1844 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention. In 1848 he was one of the sena- torial candidates for presidential elector and aided in giving the vote of the State to General Cass. In 18-Jl he resigned the judgeship to accept the nomination for Congress, which his party had made in the reorganized Tenth District. Congress- man Brenton was a candidate for re election, but notwithstanding the fact that he had received a majority of about three hundred votes at the first contest, was so far outclassed by Judge Chamterlain's popularity and eloquence, that our subject was elected by many a thousand majority. Simon- Tes.s is one of the prominent and self-made men of St. Joseph county, Ind., who.se conduct in business matters and in the discharge of the duties belonging to the various relations of life, have brought him into prominent notice and has resulted in his being elected to the respon.^ible po^-ition of county treasurer of .St. Joseph county on the Democrat ticket. He comes from worthy German stock, for his grandfather, Theobald Yenn, was a native of Alsace-Lorraine, and throughout life followed the calling of a mason. His son, Theobald, the father of Simon Yenn. was bom in that country also, January 21, 1813, being the date of his birth. After receiving a good education in the common schools of his native land, he learned the mason's trade of his father, and eventually became a contractor. He was married to Miss Christina Greewey, and to them a family of eight children was given: Oasimer, who died in infancy; Simon: Christina was Mrs. Peter Weber, who died in America; Agnes, who was born in Alsace, is the deceased wife of John Gooley; Edward, who died in infancy; Cecilia, born in Stark county, Ohio, married to Daniel Pealy and lives on part of the old homestead in St. Joseph connty; another one (Edward) died in Stark county, at the age of four years. In 1845 Mr. Yenn crossed the ocean to America, and after resid- ing in Canton, Ohio, for one year, he purchased land in Stark county, on which he made his home until the spring of 1864, when he came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and purchased a farm of 120 acres in Green township. For three years before his death, which occurred October 20, 1891, he lived with his .son Simon. He was a man of great energy and industry and became a substantial and well-to-do citizen through his own earnest efforts. In hi-s religious views he was a Catholic, and polit- ically always gave his support to the Democratic party. Simon Y'enn was al.so bom in Alsace- Lorraine, May 11, 1840, and ever since his fourth year has been a subject of Uncle Sam, having come to the " land of the free" at that time. As soon as old 634 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL enough be was placed in the public schools, and possessing a bright mind and a retentive memory he made rapid progress in his studies and eventually taught school for two 3'ears in Stark county, Ohio. He was also married there, September 23, 1862, to Josephine, daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Pohl) Roth, the former of whom was a German by birth, but at that time a successful farmer of Stark county, Ohio, and later of St. Joseph county, Ind. , becoming a resident of this section in 1862. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Yenn has resulted in the birth of the following children: Simou M., Mary J., Hattie E., Clara C, ^Villiam H. and Francis J. (twins), George, August B. and Augusta G. (twins), the latter dying at the age of six months. In 1863 Mr. Yenn came to Mishawaka, driving a team for John Wagner, and afterward managed the farm of his father for four years. Since the spring of 1868 he has been a resident of Mishawaka, and in the same fall e.stab- lished his present store, which he has conducted in a most satisfactory and snc- cessful manner. He has hosts of friends in consequence of his al>ility and integrity, justly merits the abundant success that has attended his well-directed efforts, and has spared no pains to please and satisfy each and every one of his patrons. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church, aud he is a Democrat politically, by which party he has been elected to the position of town trustee of Mishawaka four terms. He has ever been a patron of education, and has given his children good advantages. His son, Simon M. , attended Canisius College at Buffalo, N. Y. , and the Propaganda in Rome, Italy, and has been located as priest at Goshen, Ind., for the past three years; William H. is attending the same institution &fter one year's attendance at Notre Dame, Ind. ; Mary J., married August Hoerstmann, a miisic teacher and organist, by whom she has two children; Hattie E. married John Herzog, who clerks in his father's shoe store in Mishawaka and is also city clerk. Three sons assist Mr. Yenn in his store: Frank, George and August; Mary, Hattie and \Yilliam have clerked in the postoffice at different times, and the entire members of the family are intelligent aud enterprising. Mr. Y'enn is now hold- ing the office of county treasurer. Nicholas Inbodt. In the early settlement of the State of Indiana, especially in the settlement of Elkhart county. Mr. Inbody was closely identified with its material affairs and was associated with its progress and development. He comes of good old colonial stock, for his grandfather came from Germany and settled in Virginia prior to the Revolution, and in the Old Dominion he reared his family. There it was that Matthias Inbody, the father of the subject of this sketch first saw the light of day aud there it was that he attained mature years, received Lis education, and in time married Catherine Frees, by whom he became the father of a good old-fash- ioned family of eleven children: PoUe, John, Benjamin, Joseph. George, Margaret, Eliza, Julia A., Nicholas, Catherine and Elizabeth. Mr. Inbody's first settlement after his marriage was in Hocking county, Ohio, where he was one of the pioneers and here he cleared up a farm and lived until 1836. when he came to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled on the west side of the river from Goshen, where he opened a shop for the mending of plows and wagons, having followed this business in Ohio, near Logan, and this was the first plow and wagon shop in the county. He formerly made the old-fashioned wooden mold-board plow, obtaining the board from a twisted tree, on which he riveted an iron share, but after coming to Indiana only made a few of these implements, the most of his attention being devoted to the manufacture of the famous "Pocock plow," which was made of steel aud iron aud was much thought of among the farmers and obtained a wide and favorable reputa- tion. He followed this occupation for many years and died in 1870 at the age of seventy-five years. He and his wife were members of the Lutheran Church, and were in very good financial circumstances, owning a good farm of 120 acres. Nicholas Inbody, their son, was born in Hocking county, Ohio, May 7, 1820. and in his youth not only learned the details of agriculture, but also the carpenter's trade. He was fifteen years of age when he came with his father to this State and county UEMOIltS OF ISVIANA. 625 having prior to that time obtained a limited common-Bcbool educatioD. In Decem- ber, 1845, at the age of twenty-seven years, he was married to Hannah Paulus, a daughter of David and Margaret (\\'agoner) Paulus, and to them four children were given: Elizabeth, Chauncy, Allen and John M. After his marriage Mr. Inbody livedin Goshen until 1847, when he settled on eighty acres and began his career as a farmer, and by thrift and industry has added to this purchase until he is now the owner of 1C8 acres of fine farming land, which is in a good state of cultivation and is a well-improved tract of land in the way of fences, buildings, etc. His first eighty acres were heavily covered with timber, but this Mr. Inbody cleared with his own hands, built a little log cabin and continued his labors nninterruptedlj^ until he had a good farm. Farm labor, although hard, has always been congenial to him, and this may be clearly proven in looking over his farm, which is a model of neatness and comfort. He and his wife are members of the German Baptist Church, and he stands high as a good citizen and an honest man. He is in favor of progression in all directions, is public spirited and the cause of education has ever found in him a hearty supporter, as also have all moral and religious measures. Politically he is a Democrat, but is in no sense of the term a political aspirant. His daughter Eliza- beth married John J. Gripe, a farmer of Hanison township, and has five children: Chauncy, married Mary Rizzle. is a farmer of the township and has two children; Allen is farming the home place, is married to Caroline Michael and has one child, and John M. also tills the home farm and is married to Lizzie Riley. , John McNaughtos, who is a prominent capitalist and real estate owner of Elk- hart, Ind., was born in Campbeltown, Argyleshire, Scotland, October 20, 1828. His parents, Donald and Jane (Matheson) McNaughton, were descended from old High- land Scotch families. His mother died in Scotland in 1833, and in 183G his father moved with his children to Chatham. Upper Canada, where they resided on a farm until his death in 1838, after which the family removed to Detroit, Mich. The fam- ily consisted of Neil, who died in Goshen, Ind. ; Mary (Stewart), who died in De- troit, Mich.; Ann (McCormick), now living in Detroit, Mich.; Jane died at St. Cath- erine, Canada; Donald died at Buffalo, N. ¥., in 1891; John, the subject of this sketch, and Barbara now living in Detroit, Mich. After the father's death the fam- ily took up their residence at Detroit. John, at that time about ten or eleven years of age, went to Niles, Mich., where he had a home with his married sister, Margaret, with whom he afterward removed to South Bend, Ind., and from there to Goshen, where he acquired a good common-school education and graduated with honor from the primitive educational institution of that embryo city. In 1851 he became a resi- dent of Elkhart and embarked in mercantile business where he successfully conducted general store for fifteen years. At the breaking out of the war in 1861, he was in New York purchasing goods, and taking advantage of the panicky and demoralized condition of the markets he purchased very heavily, foreseeing the inevitable advance in prices, thus illustrating the far-seeing business sagacity which has marked all his investments. In 1865 he retired from mercantile business, and the next year, in connection with John Davenport, B. L. Davenport, A. S. Davenport, J. E. Beards- ley, S. S. Strong, Samuel Hoke, A. P. Simonton and William Proctor, organized the Elkhart Hydraulic Company, and the close of the year witnessed the completion of the finest water power in northern Indiana, which still stands as a monument to its enterprising builders, and was the foundation from which the manufacturing indus- tries of this enterprising city have grown. Of late years Mr. McNaughton has devoted attention mainly to real estate, making his investments with that foresight which is characteristic of him. He now holds much valuable and desirable business and resi- dence property from which he has a handsome income. He was one of the original owners and promoters of the Electric Railway Company, of which company he is vice-president. This enterprise, while not in itself a great financial success, has been one of the chief factors in the growth of the city. In addition to his invest- ments in city real estate, Mr. McNaughton and Mr. John Cook, who have been inti- 686 PICTORIAL ASl) BIOGHAPIIICAL mate friends for forty years, have a fine farm of 3,41 1 acres about two miles west of the city on the St. Joseph River, where they spend a good share of their time, more for pleasure than for profit. In 1853 Mr. McNaughton was married to Miss Jane A. Hiller, a native of New York, and daughter of William Hiller. Her death oc- curred August 31, 1854, and in October, 1858, he took for his second wife Miss Laura E. Davenport, a native of Elkhart county, and daughter of John Davenport. From this union two children were born, both of whom unfortunately died in infancy, and Mrs. McNaughton survived them but a short time, dying Sejitember 17, 1861. His political aliRliation has always been with the Democratic party, but he has never been an active politician. Dr. H. J. Beyerle. As a distinguished physician. Dr. Beyerle has done much for the cause of suffering humanity, and won honor and the evidences of deserved suc- cess for himself. While engaged in the cares of his laborious profession, he has not forgotten to fulfill all the demands of good citizenship, and no enterprise of a worthy public nature has appealed to him in vain for support. He was born in Berks county, Penn., June 4, 1823, and picked up the rudiments of his education in the subscription school, which was conducted about three months during the year. In 1837, at the age of fourteen years, he was one of two persons, the other being an elderly gentleman of the name of William Runkel, to organize the first Sunday- school in the village of Bernville, Berks Co., Penn. ; the first one for that matter in that section of the country. He was the chorister, while Mr. Runkel performed the devotional exercises, the two constituting the teachers of the school. About that sime Mr. Beyerle began clerking in a country store, which occupation received his attention for nearly four years, at the end of which time his broad, liberal and kindly nature turned instinctively to that relief of human suffering — medicine — for his life work, and he began his studies, also teaching school a part of the time. After attending two courses of medical lectures in Philadelphia, he received the degree of M. D. from the Philadelphia College of Medicine in 1851, after which he followed his profession in several different towns in his native State, taking up his residence in Indiana in 1856. After spending a few months in Goshen, he opened an office at Syracuse, Kosciusko Co., Ind., but shortly after he moved to a farm near that town. In 1862 he was elected a member of the State Legislature. The year following this he moved to Leesburg, and in 1865 came back to Goshen, of which place he has since been a resident. In his earlier years Dr. Beyerle devoted much of his time to liter- ature, contributing to various papers in Philadelphia, and also to Peterson's Mag- azine and Goiei/s Lady Book in the same city, and to the International Magazine of New York, his articles being in both prose and poetry, and he also wrote some inter- esting reports of medical cases for the Philadelphia Medical and Surgical Journal. Upon settling in Goshen in 1865 he engaged in the drug business, but about the year 1870 he was chosen as manager of the Goshen Manufacturing Company, of which he was the leading stockholder. The company had a foundry and machine shops, engaged in the manufacture of reapers and other machinery, and largely in the manufacture of extension tables, and this was the first concern of the kind in tlie West to ship the goods largely to different parts of tlie country, from New York to California, also north into Canada, and south as far as Tennessee and South Carolina. This business proved such a success, that various other enterprises of the kind were started, and it soon became one of the leading industries of the county. In the spring of 1877, he purchased a half interest in the Goshen Times, and in August, 1880 became sole proprietor and editor. Since that time two of bis sons have also acquired an interest in the paper. Dr. Beyerle has been a useful member of society, and has served the people iu the capacity of city councilman four years, and two efficient terms as a member of the school board. In 1880 he was a contingent pres- idential elector on the Republican ticket for the Thirteenth Congressional District, and at all times has supported and advocated his party's interests by every means iu his power. He has been married three times, first to Miss Lydia Bicksler of Fredericks- MEMOIUti OF lyDIANA. 627 burp;, Penn., in 1844 who died in 1862, after -whicli be wedded Miss Amelia Shull of Montpelier, lad., iu 1863, and after her death in 1877, to Miss M. Ellen Taney- hill of Bryan, Ohio. Of his children four are living: A. Ramsey, one of the editors of the Times: Daniel B., a traveling salesman; Lincoln H., the postmaster of Go- shen, and Edyth J. The first two were born in Pennsylvania, and the last two in In- diana. Thom.\s Miller. The career of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch is but another evidence of what can be accomplished by those of foreign birth who seek a home and fortune on the free soil of America. He possesses the push, energy and enterprise for which his countrymen are noted, and as a natural consequence he has been succesful in the accumulation of means, and has won a reputation for honesty and fair dealiug that is in every respect justly merited. He was born iu the king- dom of Wurtemberg, Germany, December 19, 1818, his parents being Frederick and Margaret A. (Kling) Miller, who were also natives of Wurtemberg, the life of the father being spent in tilling the soil, in which he was reasonably successful. One of his brothers was a soldier under the great Napoleon, and lost his life during the Rus- sian campaign. Frederick Miller was for some time in the mail service of the Ger- man Government, but in 1831 became dissatisfied with his life and prospects in the land of his birth, and with his family crossed the Atlantic to the United States, and made a location at Lancaster, Penn., where he remained until 1833, a portion of the time being spent in tilling the soil. Belleville, Richland Co., Ohio, became his home, two brothers of Mrs. Miller having preceded him thither, and here the family remained three years longer. The year of 1835 Adam Kling, a brother of Mrs. Miller, had come to Indiana, and returned to Ohio with such glowing accounts of the country that it was sufficient to induce the Millers to return with him to this State in 1836, the journey being made with ox teams, driving other cattle which they expected to sell and with the proceeds purchase land. After their arrival they could not dispose of their stock, owing to the fact that all kinds of grain brought a very high price, corn being SI a bushel, wheat $2 a bushel, pork ]2| cents a pound and salt $10 per barrel. To use a homely phrase, the stock had " eaten their heads off" by spring. So, after they had paid their debts in the spring, the family had but little to live on, and they for some time found it a hard matter to keep the wolf from the door. Although they had intended to give their attention to farming they had no money to do so, and after the heavy expenses of the winter were paid they found themselves almost stranded financially. They purchased a lot, on which a small log house had been erected, at the southeast corner of what is now North Fifth and Clinton streets, and here they for a long period had a hard struggle for existence, and their accumulated troubles and hardships at last culminated in the death of the head of the family in 1838. The widow and her children were then left in destitute circumstances, to "sink or swim" as best they could, and, although their struggles were unceasing, they barely kept their heads above water for some time. At the time of Mr. Miller's death the family consisted of the widow and two sons, an elder son, Jacob, being a man of family, who did not come to Indiana for s-onie time after the father's death. Thomas Miller nobly did his part in the support of the family, and with the help of his mother they paid the mortgage on their lot, and were in time well supplied with all the necessaries and many of the comforts which make the wheels of existence run smoothly. In 1862, at the age of seventy-two years, in Goshen, the mother paid the last debt of nature and was called to the life beyond. Owing to the straitened condition of their finances, and to the fact that his time and strength were devoted to the interests of the family, the educational advantages of Thomas Miller were quite limited, but he possessed the natural shrewdness and good business judgment of the native German, and made the most of every oppor- tunity that presented itself for the bettering of his financial condition. On July 29, 1841 he was married to Miss Susanna Ullery, who was born in Ohio, in which State her father, Jacob Ullery, was called from life, her mother afterward marrying Jacob 628 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Studebaker, and in 1S30 moved with him to Elkhart county, Ind. , settling on the Elkhart River, about one and a half miles south of where Goshen now is. Mrs. Miller came with her mother and step-father to Indiana, and amid the rude surround- ings of a pioneer farm she grew to intelligent and noble womanhood. After his mar- riage Mr. Miller purchased fifty acres of wild land, and as their means were limited they were compelled to labor early and late and endure many privations. To their union seven children were given: Margaret A., wife of John E. Ogle; Sophia, who is now deceased, was the wife of James Bradugum; Caroline is the wife of George Simpson, and resides in Iowa: Mary, who is deceased, was the wife of Henry R. Stutsman; Sarah is the wife of Charles C. Miller; Lydia is the wife of George W. Miller, and Franklin T. is married and resides in Goshen. The mother of these children was called from life June 21, 1S54, at which time the eldest of her seven children was eleven years of age and the youngest eleven days. She was a member of the German Baptist Church, and a most worthy woman in every respect, being a model wife, mother, friend and neighbor. From a humble beginning he has risen to honorable citizenship, is one of the solid men of Goshen, and a man who enjoys the esteem of both old and young. He has grown gray in the upbuilding of the city of his adoption, and has also grown wealthj-, being the owner of 200 acres of line land in Elkhart county and valuable property in Goshen, being a stockholder in the City National Bank. He is a Democrat from convictions and not from policy, but is broad and liberal in his views, and has been entrusted with public office and pub- lic funds many times, and has never been found wanting. He has administered on many estates, he being almost equal with a probate court, and probably no private individual's name appears more frequently in the archives of the county govern- ment. He is a member of the Masonic order and treasurer of Goshen Lodge, No. 12. Benjamin Cripe, one of the pioneer settlers of Elkhart townshi]^, Elkhart Co., Ind., comes of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, or what is considered so, although his grandfather, Jacob Cripe, came from Germany. Daniel Cripe, son of Jacob, and the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Somerset county, Penn., but in early life became a resident of Montgomery county, Ohio, and for some years resided in the vicinity of Dayton. In early life he united fortunes with Madeline Miller, and in due course of time the following family gathered about their hearthstone: Benjamin, Samuel, Daniel, John, Emanuel, Betsy, Susan, Kate and Polly. In 1829 Daniel Cripe settled on Elkhart Prairie. His son Emanuel Cripe, who has attained to the advanced age of eighty-six years, came to this section with his father, driving a team which hauled the household goods thither. When Daniel Cripe settled in this section, the land had not j'et been opened for settlement, and the Indians, who were plentiful but not warlike, used often to come to his home. He made a good farm of 200 acres on the prairie, and was the first man to preach the gospel of the Dunkard Church in northern Indiana. Throughout life he used the German lan- guage, and attained to the patriarchal age of eighty-eight years. Daniel Cripe, father of Benjamin, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, near Dayton, and was married to Sarah, daughter of Daniel and Susan (Miller) Ulery, to which union the following children were given: Lydia, Benjamin, Susan, Hannah, Elizabeth, Samuel (who died in childhood), Emanuel, Mary and Catherine. The three eldest children were born in Montgomery county, Ohio. In tlie fall of 1830 Daniel Cripe moved with his family to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled one mile south of Goshen, where he soon after entered 240 acres of land in Elkhart township, west of the river, where the farm of Joseph Yoder now lies. Daniel lived on his father's farm until 1839, then on the land west of the river, and with the help of his sons cleared up a farm from the timber which covered it, and lived here the rest of his life, dying when over four-score years of age, on December 25, 1885. He was born May 29, 1805; was a hard worker throughout his long life, and did his part toward bringing the county to its present state of civilization. He reared bis children to honorable manhood and womanhood, and under the protecting wing of the Dunkard Church, of which MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. G29 he was a devout member the greater part of his life. He was successful as a tiller of the soil and was the owner of over 400 acres of land, which he acquired by energy and thrift, characteristics which he inherited from his worthy German ancestors. At the time of his death he had sixty-three grandchildren and ninety-three great-grand- children. Benjamin Cripe, his son, was born on his father's farm in Montgomery county, August 23, 1827, and was but three years of age when brought by his parents to Indiana, and in the old pioneer Fchools of this section he received some schooling, but the principal part of his early life was spent in following the plow and in assisting his father to clear the land, the trees being split into rails for fences. In this rough yet useful school he grew to manhood, and was then united in mar- riage to Catherine, daughter of Matthias and Catherine (Freese) Inbody, the former of whom was a Virginian and the first plow and wagcjn-maker in the county. He made the famous "Peacock " plow, which was well known to old settlers. To Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Cripe have been born sis children who have lived: Nannah, Catherine, Daniel, Susan, Emanuel and Hiram. After his marriage Mr. Cripe settled west of Goshen about a mile and a half, on eighty acres of laud which his father gave him and which was in the timber. This land he cleared by hard work, and he gradually increased it until he now owns 200 acres of land. Mrs. Cripe is a member of the Dunkard Church, and politically Mr. Cripe is a Democrat. He has taken an active interest in educational affairs, and has been school director of his district. He now owns a good tract of ISO acres and is living in the enjoyment of the fruits of his early labors. Uriah Ch.vndler, Mishawaka, Ind. The bustling towns, thriving villages and cultivated farms of St. Joseph county, Ind., have so long been common objects to our sight, that it seems almost beyond belief that we have in our midst an honored citizen who was one of those hardy pioneers who saw this county when it was a primeval wilderness. At that time there were no settlements within its bounds except the tents of two Indian traders at South Bend and the rude wigwams of the Pottawattomie Indians. The name of this resident is Uriah Chandler, a descendant of English stock. His grandfather, Daniel Chandler, was a soldier in the Revolu- tionary war and fought the British at the battle of Bunker Hill. Later he became a pioneer of Kentucky and was a contemporary of Daniel Boone. Of his origin there is little known except that he came from the State of South Carolina, where he followed the trade of wheelwright, removing from there to Owen county, K}'. , where he lived for some years and later came to Jennings county, Ind., where he died at the age of seventy-tive or eighty years. He was the father of Braddock, Edward, George, William, Lucy, Elizabeth, Polly and Susan. Braddock Chandler, the father of our subject, was born in South Carolina about 1788, and went with his father to Kentucky when he was a young man, and there became an overseer on the estate of the great Kentucky statesman. Henry Clay. He married and was the father of nine children, as follows: Uriah, Fannie, Nancy, Sarah, John, Henry, William, Alfred and Mary. Braddock Chandler was a soldier in the War of 1812, fought with Gen. Harrison at the battle of Tippecanoe and became acquainted with the Indiana country. Soon after the war he made several trips to this part of Indiana. On October 2, 1829, he arrived with his family at La Porte, and here he remained until the next spring, and in 1830 moved to South Bend, where he lived for two years. About 1832 he settled in Penn township, and here he cleared up a small farm from the forest, but in 1850 he went to California, crossing the great plains. In 1851 he returned to this county, where he died the next January, at the age of sixty-two years. He was one of the original pioneer settlers of this county, living here when the Pottawattomie Indians were the principal occupants. He was a great hunter, and many deer, liears and wolves fell before the unerring aim of his rifle. In Kentucky he had many adventures with tlie Indians, but in Indiana, after the war was over, he had no further trouble. He was a typical American pioneer hunter and trapper. Physically he was a large, powerful man and had more edu- 630 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL cation thaa was usual with men of his class, as he could " figure as far as the double rule of three. " Originally he was a member of the Free- Will Baptist Church, but in Indiana he and wife became members of the Methodist Church. The most of the old-time American pioneers have passed away. They were sturdy and fearless, inured to toil and privation and possessing an adventurous turn of mind, they were perpetually on the frontiers, leaving the scattered settlements in search of still newer countries, where they could still find game in plenty and homes where they would be untrammeled by the restraints of civilization. These men were the founders of new States, subdued the savage tribes, conquered the still more savage wilderness, reared their humble cabins and turned the virgin soil with their plowshares. The smoke from the chimney of their humble cabins was often the only guide through the wilderness to their clearings, but around their huge fireplaces, large families of healthy, happy children were gathered and these became the parents of the sons and daughters who now are the leading spirits in American civilization. Uriah Chandler was born August 16, 1816, on the Henry Clay estate, Ky., where his father was an overseer. He had no opportunity for gaining an education and at the age of thirteen years came to Indiana with his father, arriving as before stated, October 2, 1829. He then hired his time of his father until he was twenty- one years of age and engaged as an ox teamster at a saw-mill which was located two miles east of Michigan City, continuing in this employment for two years. During the first year he was sent to mill at Fort Wayne, Ind. , a distance of over one hundred miles through a trackless wilderness, if we may except the Indian paths extend- ing from point to point. Uriah was then but a little past fourteen years old and drove four yoke of oxen hitched to an enormous wagon, the wheels of which had a tread or width of tire of one foot. The character and trustworthiness of young Uriah is well illustrated by the fact that his employer gave him S125, with which to purchase wheat to have ground at the mill. The wagon and the eight head of oxen of his team were of considerable value. The country swarmed with Indians with whom there were always many white desperadoes, and that so young a lad should have so successfully completed a task fraught with so many difliculties, seems remarkable to us of this generation; but in the pioneer days, boys became men while j'et in their teens and the old annals of those times are full of instances of undertakings which would now be scarcely attempted by strong men, but were then accomplished by boys, in years. Uriah followed the Indian trails alone until he reached South Bend, thus accomplishing about one third of the journey. At night he would unyoke the cattle and they would browse upon the branches of the trees and the grass by the wayside, this constituting their sole food. After they had eaten sufficiently, they would come back to the wagon, and soon the little party would be sound asleep. At that time Uriah found at South Bend but two white men, Alexis Coquillard and Col. Lathrop M. Taylor, Indian traders. Both of them occupied tents, while the neighboring bottoms were covered with Indian wigwams. When young Uriah drove among them he asked for Col. Taylor, who received him kindly, gave him good advice about agreeing peacealily with the Indians, eating with them whatever they offered, sharing tobacco with them, and in all ways seek- ing to give these dangerous people no cause of offense. That night a wagon came in for furs, and by midnight was loaded ready to return to Fort AVayne. This gave Uriah company for the trip, and he left on his journey at the same time. At Wolf Lake they met a party of Indians and took supper with them, having dog and boiled corn for supper. Being hungry and remembering the advice of Col. Taylor, the visitors eat with a relish. This side of Fort Wayne Uriah bought of a farmer 125 bushels of wheat for 37^ cents per bushel. On his arrival at the mill he found many teams ahead of him and was obliged to wait two weeks for his turn to come in grinding. He returned home safely by the same route, having consumed five weeks on this remarkable journey. He accounted honestly for all of the money with which he had been intrusted, and as his em- ME Mollis OF ISDIASA. 631 plover had expected him to pay SI per bushel for the wheat, he had con- siderable money left. Two years after this be again drove to mill with four yoke of oxen, this time to the falls of the Kankakee Kiver and returned safely from that trip. For two years he accompanied a surveyor's party in Wisconsin, assisting in the State survey, but later returned to Indiana. He also worked as a boatman on the keel boats which for years were in use on the St. Joseph Eiver, Uriah " push- ing " on these boats for three seasons between Lake Michigan and Three Eivers. He then engaged in farm work, mostly on Portage Prairie, where he married, just before he was twenty-one years of age, May 5, 1836, Mary, daughter of William Hughes, a farmer and pioneer of St. Joseph county. He remained two years on Portage Prairie and then went to Marshall county, Ind., and two miles from Bremen, entered eighty acres of laud in the heavy timber. He remained there but one year, and then came to Mishawaka and assisted in the building of the present dam! Following this came a season of hard labor, chopping wood, teaming, etc., but about 1843 he settled on land in Penn township, consisting of 10(1 acres of heavy timber. This he cleared and made here a good home, living first in a log house which he found on the place, later building a comfortable franie house, barns, etc.. and there he principallv reared his family. His children are as follows: William B., born March 14, 1838: Elizabeth J., "born March 14, 1840; Sarah E., born October 25, 1842; Frances H., born November 20, 1844; Martha, born Octo- ber 6, 1846; John H., born February 23, 1849; Alfred, born January 28, 1851, and Uriah, born August 27, 1853. By industry and thrift Mr. Chandler added to his farm until he owned 300 acres, and beside this his residence in Mishawaka with one acre surrounding it. He has given his children sixty-seven acres of his land, retain- incr the remainder. Both Mr. and ]Mrs. Chandler were members of the Methodist Church, and he assisted with his means to build the Methodist Church in Misha- waka and has tilled the office of church trustee. Politically our subject is a stanch Eepabliean. At the opening of the Civil war he came into the town, living here for fifteen years, engaged in hauling wheat and flour, but then he returned to his home on the farm, remaining until three years since, when he returned to the town again, as he had retired from farming. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. , having been a member of the old St. Joseph Lodge, the first one in Mishawaka. Mrs. Chandler died July 30. 1890. The children are married and settled, as follows: William B. married Alsie Hutchinson and has three children, is a farmer of Penn township, and is located two miles south of Mishawaka; Elizabeth J. married John Hutchinson, they have seven children and reside in this place; Sarah E. married Hugh Xoyes, they have four children and reside in Osceola; Frances H. married Martin Fulmer, they have three children and reside in Penn township, where he is a farmer; Martha married George Laughman. of South Bend, who is the treasurer and secretary of the Sandige Steel Skein Works, and has been mayor of South Bend; John H. married Martha J. Brelsford (deceased after four years of wedded life), he married again, in 1S7T, Yillie H. Perkins, and has two children (he is a farmer and resides in Mishawaka); Alfred married Effie Cole, has four children and resides in the same town; and Uriah married Mary Shearer, is a a farmer of Peun township and has one child. Thus Mr. Chandler has eight chil- dren, twenty four grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. He is now seventy- sis years of age and retains his faculties, although his life has been one of almost constant hard labor. Having had no education he had to make his hands and his natural shrewdness, combined with industry and perseverance make bis way in life. Besides bringing up a large family, he accumulated a handsome property, and suc- ceeded far better than many men of much betterchance in life. He always followed a straightforward course, and his many descendants can take an honest pride in the sturdy ancestry from which they have sprung. He has taken great interest in the Methodist Church and hewed the logs with which the First Methodist Church in South Bend was built, and his uncle, Alfred W'right, was one of the scorers. The 632 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL father of Judge Stanfield had a brickyard, and his wife told young Chandler and otLers who were working there that a Methodist preacher was coming in three days from Sunday and suggested that they build a log church for him. This they did, the church being thirty feet square, of hewed logs, and was not only the first Methodist but the first Protestant Church in St. Joseph county. Among these men were found the now well-known names of John Eaton and William Magnus. The min- ister came and was pleased at the preparations which had been made and the meeting was attended for miles around. In 183 1 Mr. Chandler passed through Chicago on his way to AVisconsin, and relates that he found nothing but a whisky saloon and old Fort Dearborn. Many are the interesting reminiscences that this old pioneer can relate of days which must possess an interest for every American reader. Joseph Yoder is one of the prosperous and substantial farmers of Elkhart town- ship, and is well known as one of its best citizens. All his property has been ac- cumulated by honest toil and good management and he is now the owner of one of the best farms in his section. He comes of good old Pennsylvania Dutch stock and his grandparents, Joseph and Betsy (Speiker) Yoder, were natives of Somerset county, Penn. The grandfather was a distiller by occupation and was a wealthy and prosperous man. To his marriage were born the following children: Tobias, Jacob, Joseph, Lizzie, Isaac and Levi. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder lived to be quite aged people, the latter dying when nearly ninety years of age, and both held membership in the Amish Church. Their son, Isaac Y'^oder, was also born in Somerset county, Penn., and is now a substantial and prosperous farmer of that county, owning '2-40 acres of the best land. He is a man of education and is an excellent penman. In his choice of a wife he selected Miss Susan Mich- ler, daughter of Christian and Barbara (Eash) Michler, and five living children blessed this marriage, as follows: Joseph, Polly, Elizabeth, Barbara and Cath- erine. Mr. Yoder is still living and is about sixty-eight years of age. He is a member of the Amish Church and is an industrious, religious man, respected by all. His son, Joseph Yoder, subject of this sketch, was originally from Pennsyl- vania, born in Somerset county, August 14, 1847, and there received a fair common- school education. He learned farming when young and in 1867, when twenty years of age, he turned his face toward the setting sun, and subsequently found himself in Elkhart county, Ind. For some time he worked on a farm, but later returned to his home in Pennsylvania, where he remained until the next year. He selected his wife among Indiana's fair daughters and was married on the 11th of February, 1868, to Miss Catherine Cripe, who was born January 26, 1847, and who is the daughter of Daniel and Sallie (Ulery) Cripe. Mr. and Mrs. Yoder are the parents of two living children: Sarah A., born April 10, 1869, and Frank E., born December 1, 1882. After his marriage Mr. and Mrs. Yoder settled on the Daniel Cripe farm and have since made their home there. He is the owner of 181 acres, and all his farming operations are conducted in a thorough and systematic manner. He is a Re- publican in politics, and he and wife are worthy members of the Dunkard Church. His daughter, Sarah A., married David Gorsuch, a farmer of Harrison township, and one child is the result of this union, Mabel May. The foundation of the present Menuonite Publishing Company of Elkhart, Ind., was laid in the month of May, 1867, by John F. Funk, when he established a print- iuof office in the town, it being the second establishment of the kind to be founded therein. A sulwtantial three-story brick building had been erected about this time by Isaac Bucklen, the first floor of which he occupied as a drug store aud the front basement of this building, a room 20x30 feet, was rented by Mr. Funk and in it was placed about 1,200 pounds of type with necessary stands, cases etc., and a Taylor cylinder press propelled by hand power, the entire outfit coating about $2,500. This was the first cylinder press brought to the county and the first paper printed on the same was the Herald of Truth, for the month of May, 1867. Mr. Funk con- tinued this work until 1870, when he associated with him a brother, A. K. Funk, JIEJVRY J. caitP. MEMOinS OF IXDIASA. 635 under the drm name of J. F. Funk & Bro. They thea began the publication of books, etc., also the Martyr s Mirror, a large octavo edition in German, consisting of 971 pages, which was brought out in 1870 and was probablj* the largest volume ever published in Indiana at that time. In 1875 the Mennonite Publishing Company was incorporated, and since that time a business has been conducted of great mag- nitude. The company now has a building, 21x15-4 feet, with three floors and a basement, in which they have five presses, two paper cutters, folding machines and a first-class plant for doing all kinds of printing and binding. They employ about thirty-five hands and make noextravagant claims when they say that there is no better or more extensive office in northern Indiana. Seven papers are published with an ag- gregate circulation of not less than 30,000 copies per month, and Sunday-school lesson leaves increase the circulation to over -10,000 copies annually, besides which they publish an almanac which has an annual circulation of over 15,000 copies. Thev have published many books of different kinds, one of their largest and best being an English edition of Martyr's Mirror, a royal octavo, double-column volume of over 1. lOO pages illustrated, and requiring an outlay of §6,000. The entire busi- ness of the company is largely devoted to the work and interests of the Mennonite Church, although they also enjoy a large and lucrative jobbing trade. The com- pany is capitalized at §50,000 and has the following officers: John F. Funk, presi- dent; A. K. Funk, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Summers, vice-president; A. B. Kolb, Samuel Toder, Lewis Culp and John Martin, directors. John F. Funk, president of the Mennonite Publishing Company, was born in Hilltown, Bucks Co., Penn. , April tj, 1835. He worked on the farm and went to school in the winter until his nineteenth year, when he commenced teaching in his native township, and taught during the winter for three successive years. He also attended school at Freeland Seminary in the summers of 1855 and 1856. In the spring of 1857 he went to Chicago, 111., and engaged in the lumber business, in which he continued nine years. In the winter of I860 he became a member of the Mennonite Church at Line Lexington, Bucks Co., Penn. In January, 1864, he commenced, in Chi- cago, the publication of the Herald of Truth and Herold der Wahrheit, and on the 19th of the same mouth was married to Salome Kratz, daughter of Jacob Kratz of Hilltown, Bucks county, Penn. On the 28th of May, 1865. he was ordained to the ministry in the Mennonite Church, near Gardner, Dl. In April, 1867, he removed from Chicago to Elkhart, Ind., and established the business house now known as the Mennonite Publishing Company, first under his own name and afterward under the firm name of John F. Funk & Bro. In 1875, when the Men- nonite Publishing Company was incorporated, he became its president and has ably filled that responsible position ever since. In the fall of 1892 he was elected a bishop in the Mennonite Church. Abraham K. Funk, secretary and treasurer of the company, was born in Hilltown, Bucks Co., Penn., January 20, 18-40. His youthful days were spent on his father's farm. He attended the district winter schools near his home a month or two during the summer, and at the age of eighteen years began teaching in the public schools of the county, after follow- ing which occupation for some time he entered the Freeland Seminary at Freeland (now Collegeville, Montgomery county), in 1859, and the Excelsior Normal Institute at Carversville, Bucks county, in 1861. After spending five years in farming during the summer seasons and teaching school during the win- ter months, he went to Chicago, 111., in the spring of 1863, and engaged in the lumber business, but after a residence of five years in that city he took up his abode in Elkhart, Ind., and entered into a co partnership with his brother as above stated. In 1875 he became one of the principal stockholders in the Men- nonite Publishing Company, and has since held the po-^itions of secretary and treasurer. He was married March 11, 1872, to Anna M. Landis, who was bom in Bucks county, Penn.. in October, 1840, a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Geil) Landis. and to their union the following children have been given: Mary M., 636 PICTOUIAL AND BIOGEAPIIICAL Edna J. and Esther W. Mr. and Mrs. Fuuk are members of the Mennonite Church, and ia politics he is a Republican. He is a stockholder in the Garden City Stationery Company. Adam Raffenspergee. In tracing back the genealogy of the RafFensperger family it is found that two brothers of that name left the land of their birth, Gerniauy, and crossed to the United States at a very early date. Tradition has it that a large estate in Germany belongs to the heirs of this family. These brothers settled in York county, Penn., and there followed the trade of blacksmith. The grandfather of our subject, Josiah Raffensperger, was a descendant of one of these brothers. He married and reared a family, but only four of his children are remembered: George, Christian, Henry and Jeremiah; the last named was born in York county, Penn., and married Miss Nancy, daughter of Samuel and Hannah (Brown) Mummert. Mr. Mummert was a wagon-maker by trade, Ijut also owned a good farm in York county, Penn. He was a German Baptist in his religious belief. Eight children were born to bis marriage, as follows: Isaac, Richard, George, Nancy, Catherine, Rachel, Hanna, and one who died young. Mr. Mummert lived to be nearly eighty years of age and died in York county highly esteemed by all. To Mr. and Mrs. Jeremiah Raffensperger was born one child, Adam, our subject, whose birth occurred in Y'ork county, Penn. . November 23, 1832. The advantages of a common-school education were afforded him and at an early age he began learning the tailor's trade. When a few years older he gave this up and served an apprenticeship of three years at the blacksmith's trade, learning the trade thoroughly in that time. In 1853, when about twenty-one years of age, he came to Elkhart county, Ind., with a letter in introduc- tion from Joseph Beck, a friend living in his neighborhood who had married a sister of John Studebaker, the latter the founder of the wagon works of South Bend, Ind., and the father of the Studebaker Brothers. By means of this letter Mr. Raffen- sperger procured a situation in the blacksmith shop of the Studebakers. The busi- ness was then small and Clement and Henry Studebaker worked at the forge. Our subject remained with them for four months and then came to Goshen, Ind., where he worked at his trade for two months. He subsequently took up the carpenter's trade, soon became very skillful at this, and was engaged as contractor in Goshen. He erected many good buildings, among the most prominent being the English and German Methodist Churches of that city. He erected twenty-four bridges in Elkhart county, Ind., and sixteen school-houses, one of which is the school-house at White Pigeon, Mich. , which cost $16,400. He became well and widely known as a most relia- ble contractor and builder and had all the work he could attend to. On September 12, 1858, Mr. Raffensperger married Miss Hettie Cripe, who was born March 17, 1841, and who was the daughter of Emanuel Cripe, one of the pioneer settlers. Following his marriage Mr. Raffensperger settled on the Emanuel Cripe farm and there remained for three years. In 1862 he came to his present farm, made many im- provements and resides on this at the present time. His marriage resulted in the birth of eight children, as follows: Catherine, born March 2, 1859; Lydia, born Octoljer 12, 1862; Hattie, born December 24, 1864; Mary Ida, born February 15, 1867; Levi, born May 21, 1869; Emanuel, born August 6, 1872; Cora, born November 21, 1875, and Samuel, born January 15, 1878. Mr. RafFensperger and his estimable wife are members of the German Baptist Church, and in politics he is a strong Dem- ocrat. He has given his children good practical educations and has every reason to be proud of them. His daughter Hattie for eight years has taught in the country schools; Catherine married Frank Miles, a farmer near Bristol, and is the mother of three children; Mary Ida married Christian Trager, a harness-maker, of South Bend, Ind. Mr. Raffensperger has a certain remedy for goiter which has cured many people of this unsightly and distressing disease. It is simple, no injury is done to the system, and he has cured the worst cases among the people of Elkhart county. Abraham I. Reed is one of the early pioneers of the county, and his tine farm speaks for itself as to his thrift and successful methods in his chosen calling. He 3IEM0IRS OF INDIANA. 637 claims Virgfiuia as his native State, and was born in Rockingham county, July 1, 1818, being the eldest one of a family of seven children born to William S. and Christina (Wenger) Keed. Of these children live grew to mature years. William S. Reed was also a native of the Old Dominion, born in Fauquier, and reared in Rockingham county, and the son of Sanders and Julia (Hattield) Reed. The Reed family came originally from Ireland, and were early settlers of this country. William Reed followed agricultural pursuits in Virginia, on a farm of seventy acres, until 1830, when lindiug that Ohio afforded great attractions, he emigrated to that State and settled in Columbiana county. He followed farming in that State until 1850, when he came to Indiana and took a farm in Uniou township, Elkhart county. He also bought a partly improved farm. On his farm in Union township Mr. Reed passed the remainder of his days, dying in 1874. He was one of the most promi- nent men in the township, held office at different times, and was postmaster at South West at an early day. All his life was passed in hard labor, but he made and left to his heirs a good property. Mr. Reed was twice married, first to a daughter of Joseph and Mary (Hoover) Wenger. Her parents died in Virginia, and Mrs. Reed died soon after coming to this country, December 20, 1850. She was sixty- five years of age, and left five children: Abraham, Margaret, Mary A., Harriet and Elizabeth. Besides there were two who died young. The five children above named are all living but one, Mary A. Blosser, died at the age of sixty years, in Union township, about six or seven years ago. One sister, Mrs. Good, has her home in Nappanee; Harriet and Elizabeth both live in Uniou township on farms. After his first wife's death Willliam Reed was married to the Widow Guinther, of Goshen, and two children were born to them: Daniel and Emeline. Mr. Reed's second wife has been dead for several years. Abraham Reed was twelve years of age when the family moved from Virginia to Ohio, and he was reared in the latter State. On March 20, 1845, he was wedded to Miss Mary Weaver, a native of Pennsylvania, born March 2, 1817, and the daughter of Samuel and Anna (Bowman) Weaver. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver were pioneers of Ohio, and both died in Columbiana county, Mrs. Weaver September 11, 1843, aged forty-nine years, and her husband nine years later at the age of sixty-eight years. Abraham Reed and wife lived in Ohio until 1861, when they sold out and moved to Indiana, purchasing their present farm in Elkhart county. In 1851, while in the timber business in the Buckeye State, Mr. Reed met with an accident by which he lost his left leg. For forty years he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits without the use of that leg. and that, of course, has made his work much harder. He and his worthy companion have a good farm of eighty acres in Union township, and are highly respected members of the com- munity. They are conscientious Christians and active members of the Mennonite Church. In politics Mr. Reed has ever tieen a Republican. He is a man interested in the public good, and in his younger days was a teacher, following that profession for twelve years and teaching both English and German. Mr. Reed and wife have reared five sons and three daughters, as follows: Henry, born June 20, 1846, now resides on a dairy farm at Mi-shawaka; Noah, born October 7, 1847, is a farmer and is also engaged in the saw-mill business in Union township; Aaron, born December 15, 1848. is a farmer and carpenter of Harrison township; Abraham, born February 4, 1851, is a farmer of Union township; Elias, born July 27, 1855, resides in Ma- honing county, Ohio, near where he was born; Anna, born December 15, 1848, mar- ried Samuel Ramer and resides in Morgan county, Mo. ; Lydia, born December 12, 1852, is also married to a Samuel Ramer. and resides on a farm in Union township, and Mary, married Joel Snyder and resides on the old home place. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have about thirty-five grandchildren. Rev. Benjamin F. Stdtsman. For many years the name of Mr. Stutsman has been inseparably linked with the religious history of Elkhart county, whose annals bear testimony to the integrity of his character and the brilliancy of his intellect. He is a descendant of one of the oldest pioneer families of tnis county, his grand- 638 PICTORIAL AND BIOORAPHICAL father, Samuel Stutsman, having settled on Elkhart Prairie in 1832. The latter was born in Pennsylvania, near Johnstown, and was of German descent, his grandfather having emigrated from Germany to this country at an early day. In religious belief his ancestors were German Baptist Duukards. Samuel married a Miss Ulery and they were the parents of four children: Daniel, Susannah, Elizabeth and Jacob. Mr. Stutsman followed the occupation of a farmer and land owner in Pennsylvania for many years, but subsequently moved to Montgomery county, Ohio, and there resided until 1832, when he moved to Elkhart county, Ind., as aboved stated. He entered land on the prairie and added to this from time to time until he owned 300 acres of excellent prairie land. Later he entered a large tract of woodland east of the prairie. He became a wealthy and substantial farmer and resided on this farm until his death, which occurred when he was seventy-four years of age. He and wife were members of the German Baptist Church and reared their children to that belief. During the early pioneer days Mr. Stutsman was a famous hunter and fisherman, and many a deer, bear and wild cat fell victims to his unerring aim. He was one of the original pioneers who assisted in founding the county, and made a good home in the wilderness. His son, Jacob Stutsman, was originally from Ohio, born in Montgomery county about 1814, and received a fair common-school educa- tion for his day. When eighteen years of age he came with his parents to this county, and made the journey with horse teams. He married Miss Hannah Stude- baker, daughter of Rev. Jacob Studebaker, and afterward settled on the old Stude- baker farm, consisting of 260 acres of tine land, which he had inherited from his father. On this he resided until fifty-four years of age, when he moved to Macoupin couutv. 111. . and bought a farm of 280 acres, on which he passed the remainder of his dars." He died when fifty six years of age. To Mr. and Mrs. Stutsman were born ten children: John, Samuel, Lydia. Henry, Benjamin. Susannah, Hannah, Valen- tine, David and Levi, all born on the homestead on Elkhart Prairie. Mr. Stutsman was' a devout member of the German Baptist Church and was a deacon in the same for many years. His wife was also an active member of that church. He was one of the founders of the Conservative German Baptist Church, and was one of the most liberal contributors to the church. He gave his children good educational ad- vantages and ever instilled into their minds the Christian religion. Nearly all be- came "members of the German Baptist Church. His son. Rev. Benjamin F. Stuts- man, was born May 2, 1846, on Elkhart Prairie, and in addition to a common-sehoo] education, attended Goshen College for three years. By his own efforts he fitted himself for the ministry and has given the principal part of his life to this noble •work. His marriage with Miss Cjarinda McCououghey, daughter of Alexander Mc- Cououo-hey, occurred February 27, 1868, and one living child blessed this union: Etta b" Mrs. Stutsman died October 24, 18(6, and December 29, 1880, Mr. Stuts- man married Miss Mary J. Dewey. Two children have been born to this union: Charles Noble, born January 5, 1883, and Sadee Irene, born May 13. 188*. In the spring of 1868 Mr. Stutsman went to the Sucker State, resided there three years and a halt and then returned to Elkhart county, where he has since resided. He owned ei^htv acres on the prairie and resided on this until 1S90, when he came to his present "farm. He has been a preacher in his church for twelve years, being ordained March, 1880, and since then he has carried on his ministerial duties in this county. In politics he is a Prohibitionist and Independent, and stands deservedly high among his people as a minister as well as a citizen. Mrs. Stutsman's great- grandfather, Noah Dewey, was from Vermont and of English descent. He was mar- ried in the Empire State" to Miss Hannah Wiggins and three children were born to them: Charles, Aaron and Jaue. Mr. Dewey was a shoemaker by trade and resided for many years in Preble county, Ohio, but finally came to Indiana and made his home with his son, Charles B.. iintil his death at the age of sixty years. Charles B. was the grandfather of Mrs. Stutsman, and was born, reared and educated in Preble county, Ohio. When a young man he taught school and was one of the early edu- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 639 cators of the county. He was married in Ohio to Miss Marj- A. Benjamin, daugh- ter of Nathaniel and Hannah (Johnson) Benjamin, and seven children were born to them, as follows: Benjamin F., Henry C, Noah W.. Charles X., Hannah, and Sarah and Mary (twins). In 1842 Mr. Dewey came to Elkhart county, Ind., and settled on land which his father in-law, Nathaniel Benjamin, who was a substantial farmer of Preble county, Ohio, had entered for him. This land was covered with timber and Mr. Dewey cleared 160 acres and made a good home. He died in August, 1862, when forty-live years of age. He was a substantial farmer and an honorable citizen. His son. Benjamin F. Dewey, brother of Mrs. Stutsman, was born Decem- ber 22, 1847, in Clinton township, this county, and received a common-school educa- tion. He married Miss Samantha Longcor, daughter of Silas Longcor, and three children were the result: Adella, J. M. and Warren. Mr. Dewey hasalsvays resided on the old homestead and now owns 213 acres of land. In politics he is a Repub- lican. A. B. Michael, a representative farmer and stockraiser of Elkhart count}', Ind., is like many of the citizens of the county, of German descent, and a man of much energy and ability. He was born in Elkhart county, Harri?on town- ship, December 30, 1853, and was the third in order of birth of nine childien born to the marriage of George Michael. The latter was horn in Germany in 1824, the son of Paul Michael, and was an early settler in Union township, Elkhart county, Ind., settling there as early as 1849. A. B. Michael, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood and youth on his father's farm in Harrison township, and received a limited education in the Bowser School, being obliged to assist his father on the farm at an early age. After his twenty-second birthday he married Miss Sarah ^Yeber, a native of Locke township, Elkhart county, Ind., and the daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Weber) Weber, the latter still living. Mrs. Michael was born Janu- ary 11, 1858, and was reared in Locke township. Her people were among the pioneers of the county. After marriage Mr. Michael started out to fight life's battles for himself on the place where he now lives, which then consisted of eighty acres of partiallv improved land. There were no buildings on this, and it was nearly all covered with woods. He cleared most of this, erected a tine residence at a cost of $2,U00, and put up other buildings. In 1891 he added another eighty to this land and now has a Sne farm, all well fenced, and with the best improvements on it. He is engaged in general farming and stockraising and raises much grain. As a farmer and stockraiser he has been unusually successful and has accumulated a comfortable fortune. In political belief Mr. Michael is a stanch Democrat and a public-spirited young man, being interested in every enterprise that has for its object the growth and prosperity of the county. To Mr. and Mrs. Michael have been born three children, as follows: Minnie, born July 30, 1878, and died when but one month old; Myrtie, born July 2, 1880, and Mervin (a boy), born February 15, 1885. Mrs. Michael is a member of the German Baptist Church. Mr. and Mrs. Michael are worthy citizens of the county and are universally respected. Jacob Weber (father of Mrs. A. B. Michael) was born in Germany on February 22, 1830. In 1835 he came to this country with his parents and located in Ohio. In 1851 he was married to Catherine Weber and moved to Indiana with his family in 1855. He was a private in Company E, Thirteenth Regiment In.iiana Volun- teers, and died May 16, 1865, in South Carolina, while engaged in the patriotic dis- charge of his duty to his adopted country. Catherine Weber, wife of Jacob Weber, and mother of Mrs. A. B. Michael, was born in Germany on November 26, 1832. In 1836 she came with her parents to this country, and in 1851 was married to Jacob Weber, with whom she came in 1855 to Indiana, and at present resides at Nap- panee. To Mr. and Mrs. Weber have been born eight children, as follows: Eliza- beth, born November 12, 1852; Catherine, born November 29, 1853; Barbara, born April 24, 1856; Sarah, born Januarv 11, 1858; Susan, born Juue 30, 1859; Mary, born March 9, 1861 (died February 19, 1888); Infant, born December 22, 1862, and died March, 1863, John, born March 3, 1864. 640 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL Charles G. Towle is one of the prominent old settlers of St. Joseph county, Ind., and has been identified with its growth and prosperity. He inherits Irish blood of his ancestors, for his grandparents came from the Isle of Erin and took up their residence in the State of New Hampshire, John Towle, the grandfather, being a soldier in the War of 1812. His son, Gilman Towle, the father of Charles G., was born in the Granite State in 1808, was given the advantages of a common- school education, and in his youth learned the tanner's trade, at which he worked after his removal to western New York with his mother, his father having died when he was but four years of age. He successfully followed his line of work in Brockport, N. Y., and was there married to Miss Magdaline Beekman, by whom he became the father of two children: Charles G. and Henry S. In 1837, with the desire to better his financial circumstances, he removed to St. Joseph county, Ind., and opeoed up a mercantile establishment in Mishawaka, but gave up this business in 1842, although he had met with good success, and moved on to a farm one and one-half miles north of the town. He was a man of great dis- criminatioD, possessed very practical and intelligent views and for twenty-four years he acted in the capacity of county commissioner and town trustee. At first an old line Whig in politics, he afterward became a Republican, and during the war was a very strong Union man. He was a man of great energy, in every respect self-made, and possessed the confidence of the citizens of St. Joseph ccmnty to a marked degree. He lived to the ripe old age of eighty-three years, dying in 1888, respected and esteemed by all who knew him. In 1856 he retired from farming and the remainder of his days were passed in Mishawaka. His wife was a member of the Methodist Church. Charles G. Towle owes his nativity to Brockport, N. Y. , where he first saw the light on the 28th of September, 1832. At about the age of five he was brought by his parents to Mishawaka, Ind., and in the common district schools in the vicinity of his home he obtained a practical education, in the meantime becom- ing thoroughly versed in the details of farming. In 1856 he chose for his com- panion through life Lucy Doolittle, daughter of Hiram Doolittle, an old pioneer settler of the township from the State of New York, he having been a farmer in the vicinity of Lockport. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Towle has resulted in the birth of three children: Herbert, Carrie and Mary, the eldest of whom married Anna Beam, and died at the age of thirty-one years, leaving two children. After his marriage Mr. Towle resided on the home farm until 1877, when he became a citizen of Mishawaka and from 1878 to 1887 he held the position of county commissioner and for seven years was also town trustee, discharging the duties of these offices in a highly satisfactory manner and very much to his credit. He has always supported the measures of the Republican party, is highly regarded in Misha- waka as a public-spirited citizen and has also an enviable reputation throughout the county. Solomon Pepple, the fifth in order of birth of ten children born to William and Nancy (Wademan) Pepple, first saw the light of day on his father's farm in De Kalb county, Ind., January 1, 1858. William Pepple was born in the Buckeye State in 1815, and his wife was a native of Pennsylvania. They were married in the former State and made their home there until 1860, when they came to this State. After a two years' residence in De Kalb county they moved to Elkhart county and settled on the farm where they now live. In connection with agricultural pursuits Mr. Pepple ran a threshing machine for twenty years. He is a good business man and has accumulated a good property. In his political affiliations he is a Republican, and a public-spirited citizen. At one time he was a member of the Lutheran Church. When he first came to Elkhart county Mr. Pepple was among the early settlers, and located on a partly improved farm in Union township. He now has 160 acres of as good land as any in the township, and is prosperous and contented. Only four of the following children born to them are now living: William, who died at the age of twenty-one; Albert, a farmer of Noble county, Ind. ; Katie, wife of Noah Reed, died MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 641 in August, 1892; Delarma, married and followed faiminif in Noble county until his death; Harry, died at the age of sixteen; Solomon (subject); Lizzie, wife of D. C. Reed, of Chicago; Hiram, at home, single; David, and Daniel, who died young. Solomon Pepple was only a child when the family moved to this county, and his youthful days were passed in assisting on the farm and in attending the district school, his principal schooling being during the winter mouths. On account of the many duties on the farm, his educational advantages were limited, but he possessed a nat- urally bright mind, and by reading and observation has become one of the well- posted men of the county. He remained under the parental roof until twenty-one years of age, when he married and started out to make his own way in life as a tiller of the soil. He first farmed the old home place, and was fairly successful until 1886, when he bought the old Miller farm, which he has resided on since. This is one of the oldest settled farms in the county, and was taken as Government land by Mr. David Miller. Mr. Pepple is its second owner. He has 160 acres of good land, 100 acres under cultivation, and the remainder in good timber. He has made a complete success as an agriculturist, and besides his own quarter section of land has charge of 100 acres belonging to his father. Our subject selected his wife in the person of Miss Malinda Miller, and three children were given them: Clyde, born May 23, 1881, and died December 15 of the same year; Mervin, born April 9, 1883, and Mary, born March 22, 1886. Mrs. Pepple was the daughter of Daniel Miller. She died in the year 1887, and in her death a good and true woman passed to her reward. On September 18, 1889, Mr. Pepper married Miss Elmira Rahrer, who was born January 27, 1869, and who was the eighth in order of birth of twelve children, all but two now living, born to Joseph and Harriet (Mawyer) Kabrer. She was reared in Harrison township at the old home place of her parents, who were early pioneers of the county, and received her education in the school at South West. Mr. Pepple is devoting all his time to general farming, and is authority on all subjects relating to his occupation. David Conrad is an energetic and enlightened farmer of Union township, Elk- hart Co. , Ind. , and is the owner, all told, of 1 70 acres, nearly all of which is improved, fourteen acres of which is heavily covered with timber. Eighty acres comprise the home farm. Mr. Conrad was born on his father's farm in Jackson township, Elk- hart county, March 12, 1846, the eldest of four children born to Solomon and Mary (Whitehead) Conrad, but he and his brother John were the only ones reared. The father was born in Tuscarawas county, Ohio, December 31, 1823, and was a son of Adam Conrad, who was born in Virginia, but was an early pioneer of Ohio, in Tuscarawas county, later in Wayne county, Ind., and still later in Illinois, paying the last debt of nature in McLean county in 1869. His wife died some years before in Indiana. They had a family of twelve or thirteen children in all, and only three sons. Solomon, William and George, all of whom married and reared families. Adam Conrad was probably a Whig at an early day, but later turned Republican. He was a farmer of moderate circumstances. Solomon Conrad was born in Ohio, came to Indiana with his father. He was left motherless at about the age of sixteen years and his father married again. At that time Solomon started to do for him- self as a farm hand and rail splitter, but upon attaining his majority he went to Montgomery county, Ohio, and was there united in marriage to Miss Mary White- head, who was a native of that county, born January 18, 1824, a daughter of Valen- tine and Mary Whitehead. This family was originally from Pennsylvania, and was among the first to settle in Ohio, from which section Valentine Whitehead emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind., when quite aged, and here passed from life at the age of eighty-three years, his wife's death having occurred in Ohio. All their children grew to mature years, married and reared families. After the marriage of Solomon and Mary (Whitehead) Conrad they started west in the old-time emigrant wagon, their sole property consisting of their team and wagon, a few household effects end $14 in money. They settled on an eighty-acre farm in Jackson township, Elkhart 642 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL county, which Mrs. Conrad's father had entered, and built thereon a log cabin, after which thej' at once set to work to improve the place. On that farm Mr. Con- rad resided until his death, December 8, 1883. In church matters he was always ready to lend a helping hand, in fact, all worthy enterprises found in him a hearty supporter. He was well posted on the current topics of the da)', and the principles of the Democratic party recommended themselves to bis excellent judgment, and by that party he was elected to a number of positions of trust in Jackson township. His thrift and industry won him good returns, he acquired valuable property, and throughout his life manifested great interest in his home. He was conscientious and public spirited and a valuable and useful citizen. From the age of sixteen years he had to depend upon his own resources, so with truth may be called a self-made man. His wife died at her home in Jackson township November 2, 1886. For twentytive years before her death she was a member of the German Baptist Church, and up to the time of her death was a true helpmate to her husband. She bore her husband four children: David, born March 12, 1846; John, born Januarj' 13, 1849, who now lives in Union township, a farmer and a man of family; Susan, born June 7, 1851, and died December 1, 1852, and Sarah E., born June 2, 1854, and died September 24, 1854. Mrs. Coniad was a noble mother to her children and in every respect a true Christian and a considerate and generous neighbor. David Conrad, her son, attended the home school and also several terms of the Goshen High School, and received a good practical business education. He taught one winter term of schoo in Union township with good success, and until he attained his majority assisted his father on the home farm, after which he went to Illinois and spent several months. He then returned to Indiana and married Irene Wyland, who was born in Miami county, Ohio, May 26, 1845, being one of eleven children reared by Daniel and Margaret (Howard) Wyland, who moved to that section from Pennsylvania, their marriage taking place iu Greene county, where the mother was reared, although she was born in Maryland. After the celebration of their union they settled in Miami countv, Ohio, where all their children were born, the youngest being five years of age at the time of their removal to Indiana in 1850. They took up their residence on a farm in Jackson township, Elkhart county, where they lived for a number of years, later moving to Concord township, where the father paid the last debt of nature in 1882. The mother had died in 1865, both being worthy members of the German Baptist Church. The father was a Democrat and a well to-do farmer. His children are as follows: Mary A., wife of Owen Cromer, of Troy, Ohio; Susanna, wife of Simon Miller, of Milford, Kosciusko county; George, who is married and lives in Shelby county, Ohio; Jane, who is the wife of Thomas Yates, of Goshen; Harriet, who is the wife of Henry Yates, of Kosciusko county; Catherine, who was the wife of George Wertz, of Oregon, but who died in 1884, leaving one child; Margaret, the widow of John Schreckengaust, who was a soldier in the Civil war, lost two children; Moses, a resident of Jackson township; John, who also resides there; Irene, the wife of David Conrad; and Elizabeth, who is the wife of John Whitehead, of Jackson township. After his marriage Mr. Conrad became a resident of the farm on which he now lives, which be has greatly improved and nicely cleared. It is one of the neatest and best kept places in the county and the buildings are exceptionally fine. There are in all 170 acres which he is tilling, and in addition to this much of his time is devoted to the raising of a good grade of stock, for he has found it a congenial and profitable business. He is well known as a prominent member of the Democratic party, and for twenty years has held the ofiSce of township assessor. He is interested in church, school and public matters generally, and socially is a member of the American and State Horticultural Society. Mr. Conrad has been successful as a financier and is considered an exceptionally good judge of stock. He has been a prosperous lumberman, and in this branch of business has made much of his money. He and his wife have a family of five children: William, who was born September 29, 1868, lives on the farm in Jackson township and is MEMOIRS OF ISDIAyA. 643 married to Rose Weaver, a daughter of David Weaver a pioneer of Union township (iu politics William is a Democrat); George B., wbo is now in Dakota, but makes his home with his father, was born July 31, 1870, and is also a Democrat; Mary E., bom April "28, 1873, is si ill at home; Leroy A. was born March 20, 1880: and Delta Hazel, January 31, 18S5. Mr. Conrad has traveled a great deal throughout the United States and has made the most of what he has seen and heard, and can recount his experiences in a graphic and pleasing manner. John H. Karick. This gentleman, whose residence is in Elkhart township, is a prominent farmer, stockraiser and horse breeder, and his fine farm, attests by its thrift and productiveness, the excellent qualities of thoroughness and system which mark the owner. He inherits all his iudustry and enterprise from his German ancestors, no doubt, and is progressive and thoroughgoing in a marked degree. His father, John Rarick, was bom in Pennsylvania and was married in that State to Miss Barbara Heater. Ten children were the fruits of this union: Elizabeth, Catherine, Mary, Nancy, Sallie. Eliza. George, John, Eli and Noah. At an early date Mr. John H. Rarick moved to Montgomery county, Ohio, and was engaged in tilling the soil there until 1S4S, when he moved to Elkhart county, Ind., settling four miles west of Goshen. He became the owner of a good farm and resided on the same the remainder of his days, dying when seventy-two years of age. He was a Lutheran in his religious belief and a man universally respected. His father was a native of Maryland and was a saddler by trade. Our subject was born in Mont- gomery county, Ohio, December 23, 1818. and had but a limited common-school education in the old subscription schools of his day. He was reared on a farm and married Miss Esther Kritzer, who was born on the 27th of September. 1825, and who was a daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Baisler) Kritzer. Nine children were born to our subject and wife as follows: Noah, bom September 24. 1852; Caroline, born February 8, 1853; Catherine, born May 3, 1856; Mary, born October 3, 1857; George, born February 21, 1859: Jonathan, born June 25, 1862; Martha, born October 8, 1863; Sarah, born June 14, 1865; and Hariet, born June 7, 1867. Our subject had a brother, Noah, who served in the Civil war and was killed at the battle of Vieksburg, and he named his eldest son after this brother. Soon after marriage, or in 1845, Mr. Rarick moved to Elkhart county and settled on eightj' acres of wild land, covered with heavy timber in Harrison township. He began at once to improve and clear his farm, and after many years of hard work and great industry he cleared up a good farm. To the original tract he added from time to time until he owned 300 acres. In 1880 Mr. Rarick moved to his present farm, consisting of seventy- four acres, but still owns the original tract in Harrison township and eighty acres in Union township, making 554 acres in all. He has been engaged extensively in the raising of horses, keeping at one time three Belgian stallions, costing §6,000. He sold two of them and now keeps one weighing 1,800 pounds, an imported horse and one of the best iu the county. Mr. Rarick is a self-made man and owes all his prosper- ity to his own exertions and those of his excellent wife. He is one of the wealthy and influential men of his section and has made all his property by economy and self denial. He has been honorable and upright in all his dealings and stands high in the estimation of all as a citizen and neighbor. Both he and wife hold member- ship in the Lutheran Church, and he was at one time elder in the same. In politics he advocates the principles of the Democratic party. His daughter. Caroline, married John Searer, a farmer of Elkhart county; Mary married George Neterer, a farmer of Elkhart township, and is the mother of three children; Catherine married Erias Snyder, a farmer of Elkhart county, and has four children; and Martha mar- ried Abraham Searer, a farmer of Harrison township, and has two children. James M. Latta. His earliest known ancestor was an Irish nobleman whose es- tates were near Donegal, Ireland. William, his son, emigrated to America in 1740 and settled first in New Jersey, subsequently in Westmoreland county, Penn. He served during the Revolution in Morgan's cavalry. Robert, his fourth son, was 644 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL born in Greensburg, Westmoreland Co., Penn., April 28, 1773, and married Isabella Johnstou, an aunt of the governor of that State, on April 28, 1792, and emigrated to Champaign county, Ohio, where his family of four sons and four daughters were born and raised. In 1830 he visited Indiana and bought 6, -400 acres of land in the now famous Haw Patch region, lying in Noble and La Grange counties. He was a man of warm impulses, a great student with remarkable executive ability, which was illustrated by his colonizing his vast purchase of land, by selecting one or more young manied men of almost every profession and trade (excluding the legal pro- fession) and presenting each of them with a deed to eighty acres of this land on con- dition they emigrate with him and live on the land, thereby surrounding himself with a completed community from the start. He did not neglect the ministry, for which he erected a church building at his own cost, also a school-house. The wis- dom of his selection was shown in the fact that not one abandoned his trust. He was the arbitrator in all disputes, and none thought of an appeal to the courts from his decision. He also held scholarships in the leading institutions of learning of the State which he dedicated to the use of the children of his colony — excluding his own grandchildren. He was a man of very distinguished appearance, being six feet four inches in height and weighing 300 pounds, straight as an arrow, temperate in all things but his temper, with smooth shaven face of sublime benignity, pink-white complexion and clear grey eyes. After living twenty-six years on the laud he settled, and witnessing the fruition of his cherished plans, he died April 28, 1859. His wife survived him many years and died at the age of eighty-seven years. They were both members of the Methodist Church. He was an ardent Whig in politics. Will- iam, his second son, was born November 6, 1801, died November 6, 1847. He married November 26, 1826, Matilda Prudence Layton, of Clark county, Ohio, and in 1828 emigrated to Elkhart county, Ind. ,and settled on the land on which he died, now the home of the subject of this sketch. He was judge of probate for a number of years, a director and vice-president of the State Bank, was one of the prime movers in projecting what is now known as the Lake Shore & Michigan South- ern Railroad and its tirst president, and contributed largely to the earlv development of the country. He was a member of the Methodist Church, and in politics a Whig. He was a man of good business judgment and at the time of his death was con- sidered one of the wealthiest men in the county. His wife suiTived him many years, dying in 1872. They had a family of eleven children. The subject of this sketch was the second son, born July 4, 1833. His youth was spent at hard work on the farm. After receiving an academic education he entered the law school at Pough- keepsie, N. Y. , and later Harvard University, after which he began practicing law at Goshen. Ind. , in partnership with James M. Defree. On the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion he was appointed legal adviser of the Tax Commission of Florida, which position he held for three years. He was also the civil provost marshal of Geor- gia, South Carolina and Florida during most of that time. On September 22, 1864, he married Elizabeth Potter Jack, of Greensburg, Penn., whose father served many years in the lower house of Congress, as also on the bench, and whose grandfather was an officer in the Revolutionary war. It was a singular incident bis selecting his wife from the town in which his grandfather was born more than ninety years pre- vious. After the war he located in Washington, D. C.,in the practice of his pro- fession, but soon became interested in real estate, to which he subsequently devoted his entire attention with conspicuous success. He bought the old homestead and has added to it in area and improvements until it is the finest country seat in north- ern Indiana, known as "Fairlawu."' His energy and enterprise have been far- reaching, having furnished the entire wooden material for 550 miles of the Atlantic & Pacific Railroad in New Mexico and Arizona, supplying horses for the United States Government for the war in Utah; owns extensive cattle ranches in New Mex- ico, a business block in the heart of Kansas City, Mo., and very valuable pieces of property in Chicago; is the chief owner, and for some time president, of the Gas MEilOIRS OF INDIANA. 645 Companj- of Albuquerque, N. M. ; president of the Muskegon Machine &: Foundry Company of Michigan; president of the City National Bank of Goshen; president of the Pottawattomie Club; president of the Gas Company and of the Citizens Electric Company; was one of the founders of the Ariel Bycicle Company, and its first presi- dent, etc. He has always been a Republican in politics, never very active and never held a political office. In 1873 he visited Europe as a special commissioner to the Vienna Exposition. After spending fourteen j'ears in Washington he moved to Boston, where he spent six j-ears in educating his family. Mr. Latta has been sig- nally successful in all his business enterprises and very happy in his domestic relations, to which he now devotes most of his time. He has a family of five sons and one daughter. The benefactions of his wife and himself, especially to the Episcopal Church, have been conspicuous, not alone in Goshen, where his wife gave the ground and built the beautiful parsonage at a cost of §4,500 and liquidated most of the debt of the church, but in other places and in many ways. Dr. J. B. Gkee.ne is a successful follower of JEsculapius at Mishawaka, and through ability and well-merited success he has built up a practice that is eminently satisfactory. He was bom in what is now Fremont, Ohio, on the site of old Ft. Stevenson, May 29, 1843, a son of John L. and Maria E. (Du Comb) Greene, the former a native of St. Lawrence county, Ohio, and the latter of French descent. This family is related to the famous Gen. Nathaniel Greene, of Revolutionary fame, and also to Eleazer Greene, who was a captain in the continental army during that war. The paternal grandfather was a soldier in the War of ]812. The grandfather re- moved from New York to Ohio in 1S16, taking with him a man by the name of Abra- ham Garfield and a woman named Mary Ballou. They settled in Cuyahoga county, where Mr. Garfield and Miss Ballou were afterward married and became the par- ents of James A. Garfield, the murdered President. Mr. Greene purchased 240 acres of land bounded on the north by Lake Erie, on the west by Cuyahoga River and on the south by what is now Superior street, Cleveland. This tract of land he afterward sold for §1,000 and was very glad to get that price, but at the present time it is worth millions of dollars. He then removed to what was known as the Black Swamp in Sandusky county, Ohio, where he lived until his death in 1863. His wife was a Miss Lynde, daughter of Capt. Lynde, who was captured by the Algierians and held as a slave until released by Commodore Perry. The wife of Mr. Lynde was a sister of Benjamin Franklin. The maternal grandfather of Dr. J. B. Greene was a sea captain and was the first American sea captain to run the British blockade into Philadelphia in 1812. His wife was a daughter of Christopher Irik, and was de- scended from the famous Stuart family of Scotland, and was on the vessel that con- veyed Prince Charlie, immortalized in history and song, across the water. John L. Greene, the father of Dr. Greene, was for many years common pleas judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit of Ohio: was a State senator and L'nited States commis- sioner and held other prominent and well-merited positions. After a career of useful- ness he died in 1879. His widow died on her seventy-fifth birthday in 1889. They reared their twelve children to maturity, and although two are now deceased they lived to be over forty years of age: Daniel, who was a soldier in the Mexican war, resides in Arkansas City, Kan., and is sixty-two years of age: Charles is a resident of the State of Washington: Frances E. (Graves) resides in Grand Rapids, Mich.; Louise S. (Hntson) is a resident of Belleville, Ohio: John L. lives in Fremont, Ohio, is judge of the Fourth Judicial Circuit; Minnie D. (Butman), of Fremont, Ohio; George S. (deceased); Dr. J. B. ; Yincent D. is superintendent of the Electric Light system of Toledo, Ohio; F. L. (deceased) was president of the constitutional conven- tion of Montana and also of Oklahoma, died at the residence of Dr. Greene in 1890; M. S. is a resident of Anaconda, Mont. ; and Margaret (Turck) is a resident of Denver. The subject of this sketch was brought up iu Fremont, Ohio, and at the early age of thirteen years, his father being unfortunate in financial matters, he was thrown upon his own resources. He began working for a man by the name of Louis 646 PICTORIAL AND BIOGUAPIIICAL Leppelman, a wholesale jeweler and clock dealer of Fremont, Ohio, but received scarcely anything but his board as compensation. During the three years that he remained thus employed his nights were spent in hard study, for under the able in- struction of Dr. J. B. Kice, now deceased, he began the study of medicine. In February, 1863, he enlisted in Company F, Third Ohio Cavalry, and was soon pro- moted to hospital steward. In 1804, after the battle of Nashville, he was made acting second assistant surgeon and in 1865 was commissioned surgeon of the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh United States Colored Infantry, but did not accept the position. He retired from the service in November, 1865, and at once returned to the Cleveland Medical College, from which he graduated in February, 1867. He then came directly to St. Joseph couuty, Ind., and after nine months' practice in Wood- land, he took up his residence in Mishawaka, being now the third eldest practitioner, in point of residence in the county. He has been remarkably successful as a healer of the sick, and has ever commanded a large patronage. In 1874 he was nominated for the position of county recorder, but was defeated. On various occasions he has been proffered offices of different kinds, but has always respectfully declined, as the turmoil and contention of the political arena had no charms for him. In 1889- 90 he was medical director of the G. A.R., department of Indiana, and has been chair- man of congressional and county conventions many times. The Doctor is a strong Re- publican and has always been an active worker for his party. In 1890 he graduated from the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, and at present is a member of the St. Joseph Medical Society, the Indiana State Medical So- ciety, the American Medical Association and is also an honorary member of the Illinois State Medical Association, the Michigan State Medical Association, the Mississippi Valley Medical Society and a fellow of the American Electro Ther- apeutical Association. He is a contributor to a great many medical journals, and keeps thoroughly apace with the progress made in the medical world. For the last six years his practice has been confined almost exclusively to diseases of the pel- vis and abdomen, and up to date he counts 132 laparotomies with l)ut ten deaths. He has made special calls into California, Montana, Georgia, Washington City, Ohio, Michigan and Canada, which serves to show that his reputation is not merely local. He has done some very delicate work in the city of Chicago, and has been offered eminent positions in different institutions throughout the country, but has invariably refused them. In January, 1868, he was married in Mishawaka to Miss Mary E. Hagey, by vehom he has three living children: Philip D. Marie R. and Grace. Emma died in infancy. The Doctor is a member of the G. A. R. , the A. F. & A. M. , the K. O. T. M. , is examining surgeon in the latter organization, also for the Catholic Knights of America and several insurance companies. In the brief outline here given it has been difficult to describe the Doctor's character. The lights and shades can be understood only by those who come in contact with the man un- der various circumstances. It is also difficult to point out the exact traits to which he owes success. Tenacity of purpose has certainly been one of his most distin- guishing traits. Despite obstacles which to many would seem insurmountable, he pushed his undertakings to a successful issue, and success crowned his efforts. He is eminently the type of the progressive American citizen, and has won the friend- ship of all who know Ijim either in a professional or social way. Samdel Mover is a real estate dealer and treasurer of the Electric Galvanic Belt Company, of Elkhart, enjoys the highest of reputations for honorable methods and sterling integrity, and is greatly aided in maintaining that high standard of financial probity for which the real estate market of the place is noted. He was born in Ash- land county, Ohio, October 2, 1842, to Daniel and Catherine (Swartz) Mover, native Pennsylvanians, who were of German ancestry. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Moyer, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and by occupation was a farmer, a calling he followed in Pennsylvania until his death. Samuel Moyer was born in 1770 in Bucks county, Penn., was married to Sophrana Sechler, 1792. Their union was MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. G47 blessed with ten children. In 1819 his wife died, and in 1821 he emigrated 1o But- ler county, Penn, with his family. He was again married, to Susan Boyer, and had three children. In 1851 he died at the age of eighty-one years. The names of his chiklren are: Debora, who married David Shauer, and had six children; Benjamin, who married Mary Boyer, and had eight children; Sarah, who married George Boyer, and had fifteen chiklren; Samuel, who married July Ann Rice, and had eighteen children: Catherine, who married Abraham Tinsman, and had eleven chil- dren; Jacob, who married Lyda Shauer, and had sixteen children; Abraham, who married Martha Trausue, and had eight children; Mary, who married Samuel Boyer, and had six children; Elizabeth, who married AVilliam Lutz, and had nine children; Daniel, who married Catherine Swartz, and had five children; Joseph, who married Rebecca Rice, and had four children; Susau, who married Henry Bixler and had four children; Nancy, who married David Bookwalter, and had three children. Daniel Moyer followed in his worthy father's footsteps, and throughout life tilled the soil, an occupatiou he found congenial and therefore profitable. He removed with his family by wagon to Ashland county, Ohio, where they remained until 1848, when they packed their household goods and started overland to Elkhart county, lad., where they purchased an eighty-acre tract of land, for which $12 per acre was paid. This acreage he afterward greatly increased, and became the owner of a large amount of land. In 1864 he started to Canada on a ministerial trip, being an earnest and eloquent minister of the Mennonite Church, but was killed in a railroad accident near Hillsdale, Mich. His widow died in 1884. having borne him five chiklren, four of whom are living: William, Samuel, Daniel and David. Samuel was but six years of age when he came to Elkhart county, and in his early life became inured to hard labor on the farm. He continued to follow the plow until 1882, having for fifteen years prit)r to this time been a resident of Cass county, Mich. At the above mentioned date the city of Elkhart became his home, and for three or four years he di.'^charged the duties of street commissioner. In the spring of 1892 he, with E. P. Willard, embarked in the real estate business, which they still successfully carry on. He is the owner of considerable town ]iroperty, and they are also joint proprietors in one of the most wonderful inventions of the age — that of an electric belt, an account of which will be found in another part of this work. As a real estate dealer Mr. Moyer is thoroughly posted in his locality, and has a complete and intimate knowledge of ever}' section, and those contemplating the purchase of property can fully rely upon his sound judgment and judicious advice to secure the most desirable and remunerative investments. In March, 1865, he was married to Miss Maria I. Funk, by whom he has one child living whose name is Mason and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Edwin W. Kinnison. In tracing back the ancestors of the Kiunison family we find that the great-grandfather of our subject, Charles Kinnison, came originally from England and settled in Pocahontas county, W. Va., where he became an ex- tensive land owner. He was married in this country to Miss Mattie Day and seven children were born to this union as follows: David, Amos, Nathaniel, Mark, Mattie and two not rememliered. Mr. Kiunison followed agricultural pursuits in West Virginia, cleared a farm, and became the owner of 2,(tOO acres of land. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was engaged in the secret service in a battle with the Indians at West Point. His sons cleared up tracks from the 2,000 acres owned by Mr. Kinnison, and became prosperous citizens. Mr. Kinnison lived to l)e seventy- eight years of age and was one of the old-time pioneers of West Virginia, and an early member of the Masonic fraternity. His son, Mark Kinnison, the grandfather of our subject, was born in West Virginia, and there secured but a limited education. He was married to Miss Nancy Davis, daughter of William Davis (who was a near relative to Jefferson Davis) and Priscilla (Grimes) Davis. The Davis family is of Welsh ancestry. To Mark Kinnison and wife were born eight children: Davis, Charles, Mark, Archibald, Hiram, Ruth, Elizabeth and Nancy. Mr. Kinni-son settled 648 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL on a part of his father's farm in Pocahontas county. W. Va., cleared this and made a good farm. In November, 1833, he came to the Hoosier State; settled at Haw- patch, La Grange county, where he remained one year, and then came to the farm now occupied by our subject. This was all wild land at that time, and Mr. Kinnison cleared up a good farm of eighty acres, assisted by his sons especially Hiram. He lived to be seventy-seven years of age and was a member of the Meth- odist Church. In politics he was a Democrat and an Abolitionist. He was a hard- working, pioneer citizen and was universally esteemed. His son, Archibald Kinnison, father of subject, was born in West Virginia and was but a boy when he came to Benton township, Elkhart county with his father. The pioneer schools of those days afforded him a limited education, reading, writing and spelling, but most of his time was spent in assisting his father on the farm. After reaching man's estate, he married Miss Charlotta Wood, daughter of Niah Wood, one of the pioneers of Noble county Ind., and a descendant of one of the colonial families. His father was colonel in the Revolutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Archibald Kinnison settled on land now owned and occupied by our subject soon after their marriage, and to the original tract added from time to time until they became the owners of 160 acres. Mr. Kinni.son cleared this farm and became one of the most substanitial farmers and stockraisers of his section, all the result of industry and good manage- ment on his part. He and John D. Elsea introduced the first herd of Durham Short Horn cattle in the county and in other ways he has contributed to the advance- ment of the county. He visited Europe in 1878, traveled through the countries of France, Germany, Switzerland and England. He ever attended strictly to business and never cared to hold office of any kind. The first church built in the township received liberal contributions at his hands and he was ever active in all good work. He died on his farm when sixty-seven years of age, and gave each of his sons $4,000 in cash. He was a man whose uprightness and honesty were above reproach and whose career would serve as an example to all. He was the father of four children: George, James, Edwin and Willis. The third in order of birth of these children, Edwin W. Kinnison, is a native of this county, born April 25, 1852, and like the average farmer's boy, his time in youth was divided between attending the common school and in learning to work on the farm. In selecting a companion for life he chose Miss Tillie F. Brown, daughter of William and Mary (Bean) Brown, and one child, Edith, who was born May 11, 1881, has blessed this union. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Kinnison settled on the home farm, where our subject was born and which has been in the hands of the family for nearly forty years, and they are now the owners of 230 acres of land. Mr. Kinnison is a practical farmer and stock- raiser and is one of the prosperous young tillers of the soil in the county. In politics he supports the Republican party. His brother George was in the Civil war and served in an Indiana regiment. Our subject is a genial, well-posted man, is deservedly popular, and capable of hoildng any office in the gift of the people of his countv. In the year 1892 he was elected county commissioner of his county. The Hawks Family. The name of Hawks is well and favorably known all over northern Indiana, for it has been intimately associated with the commercial interests of that section for more than sixty years, and is the synonym of honesty, industry and business integrity. Sturdy Scotch blood flows in the veins of these worthy people, who were early colonial settlers of this country. Cephas and Chloe (Case) Hawks were of Scotch ancestry, and were worthy and exemplary people. The occu- pation of the former was mainly that of milling, although he was a farmer, trader and speculator. In 1827 many settlers of western New York were attracted to the central portion of Michigan, and in that year Mr. Hawks moved to that State, locating at Ypsilanti, Washtenaw county, which then gave promise of being an im- portant city, as it was a thriving village. Here Mr. Hawks acquired consider- able means in buying and selling cattle, in fact, he was a wealthy man when he and his son Cephas visited Indiana on a prospecting tour in 1835, and in the vicinity of MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 649 Middlebury be purchased a 200-acre tract of land. He was so favorably impressed with Indiana that he moved thither in 1836, and having much faith in the eventual prosperity of Waterford, he invested his means in several lines of business ealcuhited to make that place a prosperous town. He purchased a mill at that point in 1837, and continued the business of milling for some years under the tirm name of C. Hawks & Sons, the latter of whom inherited, as well as his grandsons, many of his ex- cellent business characteristics. Mr. and Mrs. Hawks reared six sous and two daughters to manhood and womanhood, only three of whom are living: Cephas, Joel P. aud Mrs. Hitchcock. The family was born in the following order: Frank, Albert, Dwight, Cephas, Eleazar, Joel P., Eliza, Calista, Sarah and Mary. Cephas Hawks who was named in honor of his worthy father, was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., N. y., December 8, 1812, and consequently is now over eighty years of age. Soon after the settlement of the family in the county, Cephas and his brother Elea- zar became associated with their father in the milling business, the name of the firm being C. Hawks & Co., and about 1840 they purchased their father's interest in the same, which they successfully operated for many years. His education was acquired in the common schools of New York and Michigan, and was of a practical and use- ful order. He was trained to a business life by his father, and as he and his broth- ers were full of life and vim in their young manhood, they were successful in their business affairs, and were among the leaders in the popular sports of those days. In 1855 Cephas and Eleazar opened a hardware business in Goshen, and in 1865 the hardware and dry goods business were joined together, to which a grocery business was added. Three years later the milling business was moved from Waterford to Goshen, and in addition to this, the tirm in 1873, began the manufacture of furniture which has since grown to be one of the leading industries in northern Indiana. Their milling business has also increased very much, and is the leading industry of that kind for miles around. They do a custom and general merchant milling busi- ness, and their different brands of flour are favorably known to all the merchants and consumers in many counties in northern Indiana. In 1865 P. C. Messick was taken into the firm, its style then being Hawks Bros. & Co. In 1854 Joel P. Hawks, who had just returned from a trip to the then new gold fields of California, was admitted as a partner in the business, and in 1859 the large three-story block on Lincoln avenue, then Market street, was built, and there the Hawkses have done an extensive mercan- tile business ever since. From the beginning of the Waterford enterprises to the present time the Hawkses have been extensively engaged in the purchase of grain, a great portion of that time being the principal buyers in the county, and at least since the advent in Goshen, until within the last few years, Cephas has been at the head of that branch of the business, and owing to their large transactions, Goshen has held a high position as a grain market. Mr. Hawks was always of a practical turn of mind, was the first to propose the hydraulic canal, and during the early period of its inception advocated it earnestly and persistently; in reality was its chief promoter. After it was finally decided upon and a company organized, he re- ceived the contract for its construction, and although it met with some natural oppo- sition, it has without doubt been of incalculable benefit to Goshen. The youthful days of Cephas Hawks were spent in hard labor, and although he had decided to ob- tain a thorough classical education, he was prevented from so doing by being affected with inflammation of the eyes for several years. The practical education he had previously acquired was increased and broadened by much desultory reading, and by close observation of men and events, and he became one of the best informed busi- ness men of the northern part of the State. January 28, 1841, he was united in marriage with Miss Dalinda B. Bliss, who was born in Vermont, March 17, 1817, a daughter of Dr. Ezra Bliss, of Middlebury, Ind., and to their union the following children were given: Calista C, wife of JohnGortner of Goshen; Frank E. C, who lives in Goshen and has charge of thegi'ist-mills; Eveline N., who died in childhood; Mary E., married C. N. Hatch and is deceased; Edwin W., who has charge of the 650 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL furniture manufactory, and Harriet G., who died in childhood. Cephas Hawks was first a Whig, but is now a Republican. Although a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church in early life, he has been a Presbyterian since he came to Goshen, of which his wife, who died October 30, 1892, was also a member. She was well born, of sturdy, godly New England blood. She had a good mind, well trained in the schools of Vermont and Massachusetts. A child of the covenant, she was earlv converted, and at the age of eighteen years, consecrating her life to God's service, she united with the Presbyterian Church. As a woman, she was modest of her abilities and self-depreciating. She loved flowers and all things beautiful, as well as good books and good people. As a neighbor she was kind and obliging, and very helpful, a friend of the poor and the sick, visiting them in their affliction, bringing always a bright face, cheering words and a helping hand. She was a warm- hearted, faithful and sympathizing friend, full of charity, and was active in the serv- ices of the church, the prayer meetings, the ladies' prayer circle, and the missionary work with which she maintained an active connection to the end of her life. Eleazar Hawks, brother of Cephas, was born in Phelps, Ontario Co., N. Y., Decem- ber 24, 1818, and in 1862 was married to Jennie L. GofF, who was born in New York, February 13, 1832. The following children were born to them: Frank W., born October 16, 1864; Grace L., born March 30, 1868, and died May 19, 1891, and a child that died in infancy. Eleazar Hawks died May 26, 1891. Frank W., his eldest son, attended the public schools of Goshen, and in the fall of 1884, entered the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, from which he graduated in 1889, taking the degree of Ph. B. Since his father's death he has taken his place in Isusiness, and manages a hardware stock of about §18,000. Joel P. Hawks, another brother of Cephas, was born in Ontario county, N. Y., February 9, 1822, and in 1852 went overland with an ox train to California via the North Pass. He had been in poor health for a number of years, and during his stay of three years on the coast his health was restored, but like the mass who went to that Eldorado he did not make a fortune. He returned home in 1855, via the Isthmus and New Orleans, and soon afterward became associated with his brothers Cephas and Eleazar, the firm being known as C, E. & J. P. Hawks. Since then he has been connected with his broth- ers in many of their business ventures, and also manages in a successful manner some independent ones. He was married August 8, 1844 to Miss Sarah J. Brown, who was born in Genesse county, N. Y. , June 9, 1844. There were born to them two sons: Dwight and Joel P., Jr., and four daughters: Alice and Minnie, deceased; Emma, wife of D. Mayberry, and Mabel. Frank E. C. Hawks, son of Cephas Hawks, was born in the village of \Vaterford, lud., in November, 1847, and the rudiments of his education was acquired in a log school house which is still standing, although it has been boarded over so as not to be recognizable, it being replaced by a sub- stantial brick edifice. After a thorough preparation in the common schools, he en- tered Northwestern University at Evanston, 111., where he remained until 1864, when he enlisted in the army at the call of President Lincoln for one hundred-day volunteers, and was mustered into the One-Hundred and Thirty-fourth Regiment Illinois Infantry, and after seeing a good deal of camp life without any hard fighting, be was mustered out in the fall of that year. At the age of nineteen he entered the counting room of Hawks Bros. & Co. as head book-keeper, and this very responsible position he filled ably and faithfully for seventeen years. In 1883 he became one of the incorporators of the Goshen Milling Company, and at present he fills the position of secretary and treasurer, and is fourth owner of the plant and business. By vir- tue of his oiSce he is the business manager of the establishment, and it is in a great measure owing to his push and business tactics that it has attained the rank of the leading grain buying and flouring concern in Indiana. Edwin W. Hawks, second son of Cephas Hawks was born in Waterford, Ind., November 9, 1851. After a course in the high schools of Goshen, he went to Evanston, for a time to the univer- sity there, returned, and was in the Hawks hardware store for a short time. This yf'^jhsu^^^ MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 653 position he left, to take cbarge of the Hawks Furniture Company, in which he was interested. Under his careful management, this has grown to be one of the largest of the kind in the State. Dwight H. Hawks, son of Joel P. Hawks, is one of the most progressive business men of Goshen, and is prominently connected with the drug trade of the county. He is a gentleman in all that the wor) Dell, the former of whom was born on Pennsylvania soil in ISl'J, his father-beiug John Dell, who was anjong the early pioneers of Elkhart county, lud. , settling in this region about ISST). He settled on a iieavily timbered farm in Elkhart township, four miles southwest of Goshen, where he lived for many years and died at an advanced age. Prior to com- ing to this section be resided for a short time in Oiiio, but was married in Pennsyl- vania to Mary Shaiip, and together they reared a family of eiglit children: Catherine, Levi, Jacob, Elizabeth. John, Mary, Barbara ami Samuel, all of whom attained manhood and womanhood, three being alive at the present time: Jacob, Mary (wife of William Kinzie), and Barbara (widow of Mr. Harvard, is living in Nappanee). Those who are dead reared families of their own, and the Dells in this j)art of the country sprang from John Doll, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch. The paternal great-great grandfather came from Ireland. John Dell died in 1858 or 1859, having been a prominent man in political atT;iirs and a well-to-do tiller of the soil, although his pioneer days were marked with hardships and piivations. He suppoited Democratic principles, and was a mendjer of the CTerman Baptist t'iinrch. His wife, who dieil in 1884, was a life-long member of the German Baptist C'hnrch. Jacob, the father of the sul)ject of this sketch, was born in Pennsylvania, and was a boy when the trip was made from his native State to Ohio. He learned the car- penter's trade in the Buckeye State, and afflar coming to Indiana this business occu- pied his attention for many years. At the age of twenty-four he was married to Miss Mary Gripe, daughter of Jacob Cripe and his wife Catherine. Mary was born in Ohio, and was but nine years of age when her ])arents brought her to this section, the principal part of her education b(>iug obtained in the district schools here. Jacob Dell and his wife lived on a farm west of Goshen till 1854,at the same time following his trade of carpenter, then ]>urchased a farm in the woods of Olive township, where he cleared a small tract of land and built thereon a log house. Six of the nine children born to himself and wife are still living, their names being as follows: Jacob H. ; Nancy, who is the wife of Daliem Gulp, of Nappanee; Will- iam, who resides with his father and mother in Olive township; Mary, who is the wife of J. Roose, of Harrison township; Solomon; Catherine, who is the wife of David H. Mayer, of Olive township. John died when young; Samuel died at the age of eight years, and a little daughter died in infancy. The father of these chil- dren is now seventy-sis years of age and the mother seventy-three, and are now enjoying a vigorous old age in the vicinity of Wakarusa. They have a good prop- erty, which has been earned by their own toil, ami in the love and resjiect of their children and many friends they are happy and content. The father was first a Whig, but is now a Repnblican in politics, and he has alwaj's considered it a duty as well as a great pleasure to keep well posted on the current topics of the day. He has always been a public spirited citizen and a credit to the county. Since 1854 he has followed farming until ho retired in 18S(X His childien are also well to do, and are highly esteemed residents of the county. His wife was nine years old when her parents came to this county, and her people were almost the tlist white people to locate in the county, the date of their location being IS'iU. They had come thither from Ohio, but were natives of Pennsylvania. Jacob Cripe, the father, was a son of Jacob Cripe, who died in 1865 at the age of ninety-eight years, having been a soldier in the War of 1812. Mary, the mother of the subject of this sketch, was one of a family of five children: Henr_v, Samuel, Mary, Catherine, and Lizzie, who died when young. Catherine Cripe, the maternal grandmother of Mr. Dell, died when her daughter Mary was live years of age. and her husl)and subsequently married her sister Mary, by whom he had two children, John and Nancy. The grandfather, Jacob Cripe, died in 1850. At the time Jacob H. Dell became a resi- ME}r()IllS OF IMJIAXA. VM dent of this county, he was nine years of age, and well remembers many events that happened iu those days. Jacob H. Dell, the subject of this sketch, was born in Elkhart township, about one mile from Goshen, and attended the early schools of the county, and, like the majority of farmers' boys, assisted his father on the farm. He never attended school after he was thirteen years of age, but the practical and busy life he has led has made him a well-informed man. At the age of twenty-two years he began doing for himself, and being the owner of a small farm began tilling it, but when about twenty-five years of age he began saw-milling near Wakarusa, and remained in that business for about fourteen years. He tiien gold the mill and returned to farming, carrying on this business one mile east of Wakarusa until 1S02, when he again moved to the town and resumed saw-milling, becoming a member of the Wakarusa Lumber Company. They have a finely equipped saw and planing- mill, and make a specialty of fine building lumber. The company is composed of five good business men: Fred Trisinger, Anthony, Henry J. and John Smeltzer, and the subject of this sketch. The capacity of the mill is from 10,01)0 to 14,000 feet per day. This business has proved a paying one to all the stockholders, and has been the means of greatly increasing the Vjusiness enterprise of the town. In poli- tics Mr. Dell is a Republican, and is interested in Ijoth local and national politics. At the present time he is trustee of Olive township, a position he has held since 18y0, and he has always been a man of great public spirit and enterprise, and has shown a determination to push to a successful i.ssue everything that he undertakes. The cause of education has received considerable patronage at his hands, and he is a firm believer in the public-sschool system. He is one of the prominent men of his section, in every respect is self made, and has succeeded in accumulating a consider- able amount of worldly goods. In 1865 he was united in marriage to Barbara Fletcher, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (^Reed) Fletcher, the former of whom was a Fennsylvanian, and a son of Jacob and Barbara fNestlerode) Fletcher. Sam- uel was one year old when taken to Ohio, and in 1852 became a resident of Elkhart county, Ind.. and until seventy three years of age resided in the vicinity of Waka- rusa. At that time his death occurred (1892). He became well to do, and on his farm of 100 acres he reared sis children and lost one. His wife, Elizabeth Reed, was a rlaughter of David Reed and Elizabeth (Fletcher) Reed. They were early pioneers of Ohio, and there they passed from life. Samuel Fletcher was a miller of Ohio for some time, but farmed after coming to Indiana. His wife died in Olive township in 1865, at the age of fifty years. She was the mother of seven children: Mariah, who is dead; Julia, the deceased wife of M. B. Gulp: Barbara; Elizabeth, who died when young; Andrew, who lives on his farm in Olive township; Lewis, also a resident of Olive townshi[); Nancy, wife of Rufus Perry, of South Bend, Ind. This family on the Fletcher side are of German descent, and on the Reed side English and Irish. Mrs. Dell was born in Ohio, November 20, 1846, and has borne her husband eight children, three of whom are living: William, born October 29, 1874; Rasie, born December 21, 1878, and Hattie, born July 19, 1884. The other children died in infancy. Frof. EnoESE F. Lohb, principal of the high school of South Bend, Ind., has developed the highest qualities as a teacher, his enthusiasm in his work, his hearty convictions, together with attractive methods of tuition, having combined to make him one of the most successful high-school conductors in a State noted for its good schools. In fact, his versatility is found to include the rare gift of imparting knowledge in an original and attractive manner, hence his success. He was born in Washtenaw cjuntj-, Mich., near Ann Arbor, in 1859, his parents, Fhilip and Mary (Bach) Lohr, having been born in Germany, the former near Strassburg in May, 1820. Fhilip was a son of John Lohr, who came to the United States about 1838 and located at Wayne, Mich., where he died in 1874, at the age of eighty-six years. He was an extensive real-estate dealer when in Germany, and was a cavalry officer in the German army. His son, Fhilip, now resides in Ann Arbor, Mich., a retired 662 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL farmer. Mary (Bach) Lohr was born iu Germany, and when three years of age was brought to the United States by her parents and with them first resided for a few years in the city of Philadelphia, after which they took up their residence in Washtenaw county, Mich., where the father died in 1866 and the mother one year later. Eugene F. Lohr was the seventh child in a family of six sons and three daughters, and in the vicinity of Ann Arbor he was reared, in the common schools of which section he received his initiatory training. Succeeding this he fitted himself for a University course in the Ann Aibor High School. Upon finishing his course there, he entered the noted western institution of learning, the University of Michi- gan, and after attending one term, taught a district school for six months in order to obtain means to continue his pursuit of knowledge. The school-house in which he "wielded the ferule"' was of the old-fashioned kind, with benches all around the room, and the stove, which was supposed to furnish heat to the room, although it first boasted the proud possession of three legs, eventually lost one and in its stead two bricks were used. In 1884 he came to South Bend and accepted a position as instructor in German and Latin in the city high school, which he held until 1890 when, upon the resignation of Charles H. Bartlett as principal of the high school, he was appointed in his stead and has discharged the duties of this responsible office to the general satisfaction of all concerned. During his vacations he has made two trips to Europe, thus gaining a practical knowledge of the ways of the Old World, which has been of great use to him in his profession. Besides having a thorough knowledge of the English and German languages, he has spent two of his vacations at Oswego studying French and Spanish. On Jun^ 20, 1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Snyder, a popular young lady of South Bend, who was born in New Tork. a daughter of A. H. and Julia (Stowell) Snyder, both of whom were born in New York State and came to South Bend in 1882, where they are still residing. Mr. Snyder is one of the leading druggists of the city. Prof, and Mrs. Lohr are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is in every respect a self-made man, is one of nature's noblemen and is in the enjoyment of a large circle of friends. Martin L. Wenger is a retired farmer, and is a prosperous real estate dealer of South Bend, and by judicious and honorable management his affairs have devel- oped to a gratifying magnitude. He is deservedly popular, and as a successful finan- cier his judgment is unquestionable. He was born in Lebanon county, Peun., June 16, 1820, to Martin and Elizabeth (Light) Wenger, who were also natives of the same county, the former dying in 1860 at the age of seventy-nine years and eight months, and the latter when the subject of this sketch was a small boy. Mar- tin Wenger, Sr. , was a farmer, and learned the details of this calling of his father, Christian Wenger, who was born in Germany. When a young man he left his native land to seek a home in America, and spent the rest of his days in Pennsylva- nia, dying at an advanced age. The maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was Henry Light, being a descendant of the family that many years before laid out the town of Lebanon. To Martin and Elizabeth (Light) Wenger four sons and four daughters were born. The father of the subject of this sketch was married twice, and by the second union were six children, of whom the subject is the seventh iu order of birth in the first union, and the only one now living. He resided with his father until he was about twenty-one years of age and received a good edu- cation iu the German language. On October 13, 1841, young Wenger left the pater- nal roof with S200 in his possession to seek his fortune in the West, where others of the family had already settled. On November 9 he arrived in St. Joseph county, Ind., having made the entire trip alone, walking to Springfield and Dayton, Ohio, where he visited his sisters. From there to South Bend he came by private convey- ance, where he met an older brother. Christian Wenger, who had settled here. He stayed with his brother during the winter, but in the spring, filled with the spirit of adventure and a desire for wealth, and on hearing that larger wages were paid for MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 663 hands in Illinois than here, he at once determined to set out for that place. So buying an old horse for ^70 and hiring a buggy, in company with a friend, on May 1 he again set his face westward, but on arriving in Illinois he found things alto- gether different. Wages were not nearly as high as in Indiana, so, after prospecting for some time in different places in Illinois and Iowa, he turned back, sadly discour- aged, arriving again at South Bend just before harvest, out of money. Hp at once hired to a Mr. tlery to assist in operating a traveling threshing machine. He gained ex- perience readily and at the end of the first month was employed by Mr. Briggs, the threshing machine manufacturer, to operate machines and act as agent for S25 per month. He followed the occupation of threshing for many years, and this experi- ence was the means of developing the energy and business talent that has been so characteristic of his life. February 18, 1845, he married Miss Christena Studebaker, ■who was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, six miles west of Dayton, on Stillwater Creek, she being a daughter of Samuel and Lydia (Leer) Studebaker, who was reared and married in Pennsylvania, and emigrated to Dayton, Ohio, in an early dav. Mr. Studebaker was a millwright and built a gristmill on Stillwater Creek, which he sold to Mr. Aiusley about 1829. Following this he came to St. Joseph county, Ind., and entered the land now owned by the subject of this sketch, moving his family here in 1831. At that time the country was covered with heavy timbers and inhabited by various wild animals. Here they carved out a home for them- selves in the thick forest, and in due course of time became wealthy as the country became settled and towns began to spring up. Mr. Studebaker died in 1837 and his wife in 1845. He built the first saw-mill in St. Joseph county on the St. Joseph Eiver at the mouth of Wenger Creek, and he also assisted in laying out the city of South Bend. He was a prominent and influential man of his day and belonged to that sturdy class of pioneers who were instrumental in making the country the magnificent agricultural region it now is. Mr. ^Yenger and his wife first began housekeeping in a small frame house 16x18 feet and one story high, situated three miles south of South Bend on what is now known as the Turkey Creek Eoad, but at that time was accessable only by an Indian trail through the heavy woods. The family have in their possession a picture of the house. Here they resided three years, after which Mr. Wenger purchased the Studebaker homestead, a farm of 156 acres, on which he has resided for forty-three years. The most of the land he, him- self, cleared. The farm is now all within the corporate limits of the city of South Bend, the land being nearly all laid out in town lots. He has sold seven acres to the Toy Manufacturing Company, five and three-fourth acres to the Miller & Knoblock Wagon Factory, and nearly two hundred lots as well as various other sales. Mr. Wenger has several streets named in honor of his family as follows: Wenger street laid out in 1882, Elizabeth street, Priscilla street, Fellow street. Christian street, Marietta street. High street, Broadway street, Pennsylvania avenue. He has one son and one daughter living Marietta (wife of H. W. Krieghbaum, who is an elder in the German Baptist Church); and Christian (a prosperous farmer near South Bend). Ephraim and Ira are deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Wenger are members of the German Baptist Church, which is located on land owned by Mr. Wenger. He has always been a warm Republican, and his first presidential vote was cast for William Henry Harrison. He has always been an industrious and upright citizen, and has done a great deal to improve the city of South Bend and is regarded as one of her most substantial residents. F. J. Lewis Meter, one of the foremost attorneys of South Bend, Ind., is a son of Rev. F. F. Meyer, who was born in Alsace, Lorraine, France (now Germany), and when sixteen years of age emigrated to Canada, and for eleven years there- after was a school teacher in the Dominion, in the following of which calling he won an excellent reputation. About 1870, while living in Canada, he entered the ministry of the Evangelical Association, and about five years later came to the United States and settled in Michigan, and at a still later period in South Bend, 664 PWTOniAL AND liTOGRAPIIICAL in which place he pursued his ministerial duties for three years. He is now located in South Dakota, where he is secretary aud treasurer of the Farmers' State Alliance, prior to which he efficiently tilled two terms as county superintendent of schools. When in Canada he was married to Mary Foerster, a native of that country and a good old-fashioned family of fifteen children was given to them, of whom F. J. Lewis Meyer is the eldest. Ail the members of this large family are living: F. J. Lewis; Jacob; George, a foreman for Studebaker Bros. ; Sophia, wife of C. M. R. Haeske, superintendent of the wagon department of Studebaker Bros. ; Mary; Lena; Moses; Daniel; Joseph; Bertha; Mattie; John; Fred; Edward and Charles. F. J. Lewis Meyer, together with John A. Berers, principal of the Mish- awaka schools, and George A. Powles, now of Chicago, were the founders of the South Bend Normal School, an institution that has become widely and favorably known. Mr. Meyer was born in Canada in 18Gl), aud in the common schools of Michigan he received a good education. In 1880 he came to South Bend from the Wolverine State, and for a number of years thereafter taught school aud, like his father before him, won a good reputation as an educator. From 1886 to 1888 he was principal of the Lafayette School. After choosing law as his life work, he took a course in the Union College of Law at Chicago, and at the time of hia graduation he took the first prize for the best thesis on any legal subject. He was admitted to the bar in 1890, and his tir.st case involved $3,000 and was before the Miciiigan Supreme Court. He won the suit against the Hon. A. N. Van Riper as attorney, a man of high standing, who just before was attorney general of Mich- igan. Mr. Meyer speaks German and consequently has a good practice among the German population of St. Joseph county. Although engaged in the practice of law he still holds a State license. He is attorney for the St. Joseph County Loan & Savings Association, and is also treasurer of the Workingmen's Building & Loan Association. He has always been a stanch Rej)ublican, and on that ticket ran for the position of mayor of South Bend in 1890, but was defeated. In 1884 be was united iu marriage with Miss Mary L. Rough, of Michigan, by whom he is the father of one son and two daughters: Edwin, Ivy and Louis. He has a very attractive home on the corner of Navarre street and Portage avenue, aud he and his intelligent and amiable wife are members in good standing of the German Meth- odist Episcopal Church. Socially he belongs to the I. O. O. F. He is a man who occupies a high position in the estimation of the public and is deservedly classed among the eminent attorneys of the county. George W. Zinn. The Zinn family comes of sturdy German stock, and those of that name in this country are supposed to have descended from two brothers who crossed the Atlantic ocean prior to the opening of the war of the Revolution, to seek a home for themselves on a foreign shore and in a strange aud new country. The great grandfather of the subject of this sketch was one of these young men and upon reaching this country he settled at Hagerstown, Md. , where he married and reared a large family of children. The other brother went to the State of New York where he married, aud manv of his descendants are now in that State and in Bennsylvania. One of the sons of the Maryland Ziniis married and moved with his family to Preston county, W. Va., where the remainder of his days were spent, dying at a ripe old age, and leaving behind him a large and highly respected family of children. One of these children was George, the father of George W. Zinn. He was a tailor by trade and later in life worked at carpentering* and farming, in which line of work he met with fair success. Upon reaching man's estate he was married to Miss Elizabeth Powell, a native of Virginia, and to them a family of eleven children was given, of whom George W. was the youngest member. Later in life he took for his second wife a Miss lulow, who bore him three children. In the early settlement of Central Ohio he moved thither and made a location in what is now Knox county, and he it was that erected the first house in the now flourishing little city of Mt. Vernon, but a few years later he moved to the vicinity of Columbus and MEMOIJiS OF IMiIANA. 665 from there to Clark county of the same State, where he arrived at a serene old age, but passed to his reward at the home of his son George W., in Indiana at the age of seventy-eight years. In his political proclivities he was au old line Whig and a man well posted on religious and historical subjects, and public spirited in every respect. He was a pioneer of two States and a man who took an important part in the affairs of each. George W. Ziun received such advantages as is usually given the farmer's boy, that is, h,e was thoroughly drilled in the mysteries of farming from the tirst and received such early education as the district schools of his vicinity afforded. When about nineteen years of age he left his home in Ohio and went with a married sister by wagon to Knox county, 111., about the year 1836, in which State he remained one year. He came to Elkhart county, Ind., at the end of this time to visit another married sisler, Mrs. John Pittman, riding an Indian pony to this section. His intention was to return to Illinois after a short visit, but instead of doing so Elkhart county has continued to remain bis home up to the present time. The first few years of his residence here he worked as a farm hand and later as a brickmaker, by which means he secured a start, although he never received over §13 per month for his services. Out of this small compensation he clothed and fed himself and also contrived to save a small amount each month, with which he pur- chased a small tract of land. He disposed of this property after a short time and after making a number of changes located on the farm which he still owns in Jack- son township, which comprises 200 acres of finely improved land, not only so far as cultivation is concerned, but also in the way of buildings, fences, etc. In addition to this he owns a pleasant and comfortable home in Goshen. On March 17, 1842. he led to the altar Miss Elizabeth Myers, who was Ijorn in Prel)le county, Ohio, July 20, 1821, her husl)and's birth occurring September 5, 181 'J, near Columlms, Fianklin Co., Ohio. When an infant he was taken by his parents to Clarke county, that State, and there he attained manhood. To Mr. and Mrs. Ziun six children were given: Eli M., who died in his seventeenth year; Mary Jane, wife of H. N. Hop- kins, a resident of Garnett, Kan.; Arvilla Z., who married Samuel Vail (who died some years afler their marriage), and makes her home with the subject of this sketch: Milo C. died in childhood; Ida May also died when a child; Frank Hamlin is a successful dentist of Chicago. These children and Mr. Zinn were called upon to mourn the death of the wife and mother March 20, 1884. She was one of the noble, Christian women of her community, was an earnest member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and had the respect of all who knew her. A few years after his wife's death Mr. Zinn rented his farm and moved to Goshen, where he now resides. Mr. Zinn has Ijeen a lifelong \Yhig and Republican and has held the office of county commissioner, in whicii he discharged his duties in a very acceptable manner and to the satisfaction of all those interested. He is a member of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, and in all ways is a most worthy citizen. He has been au omnivorous reader and is well posted on current topics and matters in general and his ideas of business are shrewd and far-seeing and of a decidedly practical nature. Mr. Zinn's parents, Christian and Elizabeth (Nation) Myers, were natives of North Carolina, but moved to Tennes-^ee in the early part of the present century and from there to Preble county, Ohio, in 1811. In 1828 they came to Elkhart county, locating on Elkhart Prairie, where they brought up a large and honorable family of children, many of whom moved to Iowa and were early settlers of that State. Two of the sons were well known in this county. Joseph held the office of county com- missioner and justice of the peace and was afterward a land commissioner of I(jwa. The Myerses were pioneer settlers of four States and the Zinns of three. Thomas St.\p.r was Ijorn February 4. 1855, near Montpelier, Williams Co., Ohio, and in 18()5 moved with his parents to Bryan, Ohio. When thirteen yeai-s old he came to Goshen and entered a [)rinting office. Two years later he went to Cass county, Ind.. and worked on a farm atid in a printing office, attending a three months' term of school in the meantime. He returned to Goshen and worked in tiie printing 666 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL office until 187-4. then went West for a year and returned to take charge of a printing office established at Syracuse, Ind. He remained there cue year and in 1876 went to Albion, Ind., and with J. P. Prickett. purchased the Neic Era. lu 1878 be went to Hicksville, Ohio, and purchased the News, having sold his interest in the New Era. Mr. Starr sold the News in 1881 and in 1882 'went to Goshen and purchased the Independent, the name of the paper being changed to the News. In 1883 he established the Daily Neics. His business now consists of daily and weekly Neivs, book and stationery store, Ijook-bindery and a tirst-class job-printing office. He was married in 1878 to Adella. daughter of the late Judge William M. Clapp, of Albion, and they have three children. Elbridge Gr. Herr. This gentleman is descended from an old and well-known Pennsylvania family of that name who were colonial settlers of Lancaster county. Daniel, father of Elbridge G., was a native of the Keystone State, as was Miss Sarah Martin, who became his wife. Mr. Herr was a life-long hotel keeper in Columbia, Penn. , his hostelry being well and favorably known to the traveling public. He took great interest in the militia of Pennsylvania, and prior to the war pf the Rebel- lion was a brigadier general of State troops, and did much to give character and effi- ciency to them. He also represented his county in the State Legislature two terms in ante bellum days. August 11, 1861, he assisted in raising the Eleventh Pennsyl- vania Cavalry, and was commissioned captain of Company I. His company was recruited for the most part in York county, having served as infantry for their three months' term of enlistment, under Capt. Cochran. They then re-enlisted and after- ward served as cavalry. Mr. Herr was elected captain of the company. He was a large, corpulent man, and being well advanced in years, after a service of fifteen months in the Peninsular campaign where he saw much active service, he was com- pelled to resign on account of general debility and greatly impaired health. At his resignation, resolutions of regret and respect were given him in writing by all the officers of his regiment. He was most highly respected and spoken of by his comrades in arms. On his return to his home he resumed his duties as hotel pro- prietor. His death, which occurred in October, 1865, was deeply regretted by his family and a large circle of friends. He was a prominent member of the Masonic order, a most genial companion, a kind father and a worthy citizen. To him and wife were born six children, our subject, his brother Eugene and his sister Ada being all that are living. In 1866 the mother removed with her family to Goshen. Ind., where she has since resided. Elbridge G. was reared in the town of Columbia, where he was born March 25, 1842. He received an academic education and after leav- ing school clerked in a book store and assisted his father in the hotel, and when he en- listed in the army our subject assumed management of the hotel until his father' s re- turn. He then entered the service of Uncle Sam and did clerical work in the United States provost marshal's office at Harrisburg, Penu., and detached duties elsewhere until the close of the war, and on August 31, 1865, he was discharged. He came with his family to Goshen in March, 1866, and was soon after appointed clerk to G. D. Copeland, United States revenue assessor, and about one year later became assistant assessor for three counties and remained as such until January 1, 1873, when he resigned and formed a partnership with Col. R. M. Johnson, for the prac- tice of law. After thirteen years and several changes in the name of the firm, Mr. Herr succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted alone. He is pre- eminently an office attorney and has largely confined his practice to probate law and collecting. In 1888 he was appointed insurance inspector for the city of Goshen, a position he has since filled to the entire satisfaction of all concerned. One of the most prominent characteristics of Mr. Herr is his love and aptitude for the mil- itary. In 1873 he became a charter member of Calanthe Lodge, No. 41 Knights of Pythias, and was the first master at arms. Starting from this appointive position in the order he has achieved that honor to which but few men aspire and fewer ever realize — that of being past grand chancellor and eventually representative to the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 667 supreme lodge of the world. In 1874 be was elected past chancellor and repre- sentative and attended the grand lodge session in July of that year. He was re-elected as representative in December, 1874, June, 1875, and December, 1875, and served on several important committees during these sessions. At the January session in 1877 he was appointed grand master at arms, vice Wilbur F. Taylor, who had been appointed grand K. of R. & S. ad-interim, vice N. C. Potter, resigned. At the same session he was appointed grand inner guard for the term ending July, 1877. He was elected grand prelate, in Januarj-, 1878, grand vice- chancellor in January, 1882, and grand chancellor in January, 1883. As one of the charter members of Calanthe Division, No. 11, Uniform rank K. of P. he was elected at the organization as sir knight commander, and served as such until his promotion to the position of major of the Second Regiment Indiana Brigade U. R. K. P. in June, 1884, and in July, 1888, was promoted to the position of colonel of the regiment. His ability as a presiding officer is evidenced by the fact that his lodge elected him as chancellor commander for several years in succession. Col. Herr is said to be the next smallest commander, in stature, that ever wielded a sword at the head of a regiment of the Uniform Rank. His promotion in this branch of the order was rapid, and in every way merited. In June, 1892. he was re-elected colonel, and is now serving his second term as colonel of the Second Regiment. Mr. Herr was united in marriage in 1866 with Miss Mary A. Child, a native of Marietta, Penn. , and to them has been born one son, Charles C, the well- known and popular junior member of the firm of Peters & Herr, of Goshen. Mr. Herr has been a life long Republican and a laborer for the success of his party. He owns a nice home and valuable real estate in Goshen and is one of the most worthy and progressive citizens. Dempster Beattt is one of the most prominent manufacturing and business men of Mishawaka, Ind. He was the first man to organize a company for the manufact- ure of felt boots in Indiana, and the concern took the name of the Beatty Felting Company, which has already attained a wide reputation. Mr. Beatty was born in Sandusky City, Ohio, August 30, 1828, his grandfather, James Beatty, having been born in Bally Canoe, County Wexford, Ireland. The latter was a miller by occu- pation, and while following his calling built a dam at Bally Canoe, which is still in a good state of preservation. He was the owner of some real estate and was con- sidered to be a wealthy man. He was the father of James, John, Leonard, Demp- ster and a daughter, but the property which he accumulated went to his eldest son, James, and the other three sons determined to seek their fortune in America, and settled at New Loudon, Coun. John made a fortune as a ship chandler, and bought a large tract of land in Erie, then Huron Co., Ohio, on which he settled and made his home until his death. Dempster Beatty, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, of Scotch-Irish parents, and upon starting out in life for himself liegan working at the cabinet-maker's trade in Philadelphia, after which he followed the same occupation in Norwich, Conn., where he married Elizabeth Ferguson. This union resulted in the birth of ten children: John, Will- iam, James, Ross, Jackson, Dempster, Leonard, Lurana, Elizabeth and Susan. Mr. Beatty continued to be a resident of Norwich, Conn., for a number of years, then re- moved to Ohio and settled at Milan, near Sandusky City, in 1813, at which time that section of the country was a wilderness, and Sandusky City a very small ham- let. Mr. Beatty entered land for a farm which he cleared, and on which he resided until 1830, when he moved to Chicago by wagon. Not being impressed with the place became on to Niles and settled on Birdsley Prairie in 1832, and with his sons entered 3()0 acres of land, which they converted into a good farm, after which they removed to Kosciusko county, where he became the owner of another large tract of land on which the remainder of his days were spent. When his sons started on an independent career, he gave each of them, with the exception of two, from 120 to 160 acres of land, a horse and a yoke of oxen. To William, who was a cabinet- 668 PICTORIAL AND BIOGUAPUICAL maker, he gave an equivalent, bnt Dempster received nothing, as he left liome at the age of eighteen. Mr. Beatty was a member of the Missionary Baptist Church, was a man of excellent education and great strength and integrity of character. In his old age he gave up farming and practiced law for some time, in which'lie was successful. He was a strong Democrat politically, was an early justice of the peace, and was one of the judges of the county of Kosciusko. He possessed an ex- cellent constitution, was powerfully built and lived to the age of seventy-five vears. Dempster Beatty, the subject of this sketch, received only a limited education in his youth, but by reading and business experience he has become a well posted man. lieing especially foud of reading historical and religious works. He was reared to the call- ing of a farmer, but the work did not suit him for a life calling, and at the age of eighteen he began learning the wagon-maker's trade. In 3846 he located in Os- wego, Ind., but one year later came to Mishawaka and continued to work at the trade with Adolphus and John Eberliart, with whom he continued for three years, the one following being spent in La Porte. He returned to Mishawaka and formed a partnership with Anolj)hiis Eberhart in the wagon maker's business, which con- tinued until 1858. In I860 he became a member of the firm of Milburn, Eberhart & Co., with whom he did a profitable business for the Government during the Civil war. In 186-1: he sold out and went to Des Moines, Iowa, where he was engaged in the agricultural implement business for two years. He turned his attention to hard- ware and the agricultural implement business in Chicago, in 1S66, under the firm name of Starritt & Beatty, but was burned out by the great Chicago fire, in which he lost all his hard-earued accumulations. In 1876 he returned to Mishawaka and became connected with the St. Joseph Manufacturing Company, in which he was a stockholder. In 1880 he began business with his son, Leonard E. , in the manufacture of felt boots, and the first year made 400 cases. It was the third firm in the United States to engage in this business, which has grown and prospered in an astonish- ing but very satisfactory manner. In 188(5 a stock company was organized with a capital of §50,000, of which amount S45,300 was paid in. The present officers are: D. Beatty, president; E. L. Beatty, vice-president; Lutheria Beatty, secre- tary. The capacity is now 20,000 cases per year, but tbey are exceeding this, and are experiencing a difficulty in filling orders. The company has the best ma- chinery in this line procurable, and send out tirst-class goods, which is without doubt the secret of their success. In 1851 Mr, Beatty married ^Margaret, daughter of Elijah Fox, a pioneer settler of Terre Coupee Prairie, this county, and by her he became the father of two children: Leonard E. and Ida M. Mrs. Beatty died in 1861, and for his second wife Mr. Beatty took Miss Lutheria Wilsie. Leonard Beatty is with Hibbard Spencer, Bartlett & Co., of Chicago, in the hardware busi- ness, of which he is a stockholder, and a man of excellent business capacity, and Ida M. is the wife of E. G. Studley, of Grand Rapids, Mich., president of the Grand Rapids Felt Boot Company. Politically Mr. Beatty is a Republican, and through- out life has pursued a course marked l)y integrity, his success in life being attrib- utable to industry, energy and excellent business qualifications. He is one of the foremost men of Mishawaka, and commands respect from all with whom he has business relal ions, as well as from the townspeople generally. In every respect he is of the stuff of which model citizens are made. George H. Asire, of the firm of Asire Bros., manufacturers of steam and hot- water apparatus at South Bend. Ind., is a gentleman of the highest standing and ability, being thoroughly familiar with every detail of his important work. He was born in Holmes countv, Ohio November 13, 1853, a son of John M. and Anna (Aultman) Asire, the former of whom was a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of Ohio. The father became a resident of the Buckeye State in an early day and there met and married Miss Aultman. The Asire family was originally from the land of windmills, bnt became residents of America soon after the ar- rival of the famous ship ''Mayflower." The paternal grandfather, Henry Asire, J^r- £^^» yW^' & ■■■ ^ p ^'s^^S^^^^k , ^ Ji-."' ,i,Jt^ JW}I\ V//lIiJIKK. MEMOUiS OF IXni.LyA. 671 was a soldier iu the War of 1S12. The parents of George H. Asire came to St. Joseph county, Ind. , in the fall of 1S57, and settled on a farm which they purchased near Lakeville, in Union township. At that time but little of the land was improved, but a small log house had been erected thereon, and in this the family resided until 1S61, when they moved to Lakeville where the father established himself in the blacksmith business, continuing until his removal to South Bend in 1863. He continued this occupation after locating here until a short time since, but is now devoting his attention to agriciiltural pursuits in the vicinity of South Bend. While a resident of South Bend, he was a member of the city council for two years and was trustee of the water works for three years. During the Civil war he took an active part in raising and recruiting troops, was lieutenant of State militia, and at Lakeville was accidentally wounded by a gun shot which prevented him from entering the regular service. He is the father of four sons and one daughter, three of the former being partners in the man- ufacturing business: George H., Orlando J. and Lewis E. George H. Asire has been principally reared in St. Joseph county and educated in the public schools. Until fourteen years of age he resided on a farm, then began learning the busi- ness of steam heating and in the spring of 1884 considered himself sufficiently well versed in the business to open an establishment of his own, and time has proved the wisdom of his views, for he has been remarkably successful. He continued alone until 1891, when he associated with him two brothers and they are now doing a mammoth and constantly increasing business, their numerous orders compelling them to run their plant both night and day. He put up the heaters for the high school building, the Odd Fellows Block, Sherman House, Bap- tist Church and numerous others of the prominent buildings of the city. He has always been very j)ublic spirited, and aside from his responsiljle business interests he has found time to interest himself in public affairs, and for two years was an in- telligent member of the city council. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and the Royal Aa-cauum, is a Democrat politically, and he and his wife, whom he married in November, 1873, are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Her maiden name was Alice Lamb, a native of this county, and she has borne her husband two children: George, Jr., and Edith. Mr. Asire is the patentee of two boilers of great superiority and has a patent pending on another, called the Asire boiler. He and his brothers have excellent facilities for rapid and reliable production and employ a staff of competent assistants, who are ably supervised by the practical heads of the house. S. Wesley and Thomas J. Hill are the proprietors of the City Roller Mills. The use of cereals for food is rapidly growing in favor in this country. In Scot- land oatmeal is considered the essential thing for creating "brain and bra^vn." "More bread and less meat in your diet" is the standard prescription for indigestion and kindred ailments by the best read medical men. It will therefore be readily seen that an excellent class of flour is necessary for the well being of humanity, and this can be found in the article manufactured by the Hill Brothers, who have long been thoroughly familiar with the details of the work. Both gentlemen were bom in Lime Ridge, Columbia Co., Penn. , were brought up on a farm and educated in the common country ami city schools. S. Welsey, the senior member of the firm, was born January 12, 184-t, his parents being Jacob and Anna (Achenbach) Hill, also natives of Columbia county, Penn., of which section the Hills were early emi- grants from Germany. The paternal grandfather, Frederick Hill, was a colonel in the Revolutionary war and by occupation was a farmer, in which occupation his son. Jacob followed in his footsteps. He died in 1859, but his widow still resides in Columbia county. They were the parents of eight children: Charles F., of Hazel- ton, Penn. ; Emanuel, also of that place; James, of Chicago, 111. ; Mrs. Dr. E. W. H. Low, of Line Ridge, Penn. ; S. Wesley; Mrs. Mary E. Evert, of Watsontown, Penn.; Thomas J. and Dr. J. W., of South Bend. S, Wesley was for a few years in «72 PICTORIAL A2s^D BIOGRAPHICAL the flour and grain business in Hazelton, Penn., but since 1878 has been a success- ful flour miller of South Bend, and turns out an exceptional]}' fine article of flour, •which is becoming widely known. lu 1870 he was married to Miss Alice Frease, a native of Columbia county, Penn., and to whom three sons and seven daughters have been born. Mr. Hill is a liberal contributor to all public enterprises and is a useful and highly esteemed citizen of South Bend. Thomas J. Hill was married in 1878 to Miss Jennie Me^-ers of South Bend, aud they have two children. The mill now owned by himself and brother was first built in 1843 by J. A. Hendricks, who ran it a few years, when it was purchased by Coquillard & Miller in 1S55. It was shortly afterward burned to the ground, and was rebuilt by this firm on the old style buhrs and run for some years. It was then sold to Loomis, and remained in his hands until purchased by Hill Bros., by whom it has been remodeled and the roller process introduced. These gentlemen have been the proprietors since 1878, and now turn out on an average 300 barrels every twenty- four hours. These gentlemen are highly esteemed in trade circles for their sterling integrity and their mill is well known aud has a high reputation. William Miller, president of the South Bend National Bank. In looking over a comparative statement of the institutions of a financial character doing business in this city, we find them in comparison with the same class of organizations elsewhere, solvent, prosperous and useful in the highest degree. The South Bend National Banks adds no little to this, and is one of the best and most substantial of its kind in the State. Mr. Miller, its well-known president, was born in Lebanon county, Penn., March 16, 1821, a son of Henry aud Catherine (Harper) Miller, who were also born in the Keystone State, the great-grandparents having been born in Ger- many. They arrived in this country in 1743, and settled in what was then Lan caster county, Penn., which is now Lebanon county, where they both died. Both the paternal and maternal grandfathers were in the Revolutionary war, were farmers by occupation, and paid the last debt of nature in Pennsylvania. Henry Miller followed in his father's footsteps and was also a farmer. After remaining in the East with his family until 1837, he turned his footsteps westward and made the jouruey to St. Joseph county, Ind. , in wagons, locating in Portage township, on what is now a portion of South Bend. In 1843 he removed to Berrien county, Mich., in which State he was called from life in 1851. The mother died a few years later. They became the parents of six sons and four daughters, but at the present time only four members of this family are living: William; Joseph; Catherine, widow of David Gerberich, aud Malinda, widow of John H. Kingery. William Miller, the subject of this sketch, was only about sixteen years of age on coming to this county, the first thirteen years of his life being spent on a farm, and in the primitive log constructions of early days he obtained some education, but the most of his knowl- edge has been acquired by practical experience and self application. His first bus- iness experience was obtained in a mercantile establishment of Harrisburg, Penn., ■where he acted as clerk, and after coming to South Bend he followed the same occu- pation for a number of different firms until 1849, when the "gold fever" seized him and he crossed the plains to California in company with ten others, and unlike the many who took the toilsome overland journey they arrived at their destination safely without experiencing any difiiculties or hardships. Mr. Miller remained there engaged in mining and trading in stock until the fall of 1852, when he returned to South Bend, after which he built the stone works of the Illinois Central Railroad from the Calumet River to Kankakee City, finishing the job in 1854. Following this he purchased the Hendricks Flour Mill, which he operated until 1869, then sold out and entered the bank with which he is now connected, which was then known as the Bank of State of Indiana, and held the position of cashier under various changes for about twenty-two years, when he became president of the institution, and is still discharging the duties of that office. During this time he was president of the Peninsular Railroad (now the Grand Trunk Railroad), Indiana division, and for three 3IE1I0IRS OF IXDIASA. 673 years discharged the responsible duties of that position. He is a stockholder in the Mishawaka Pulp Company, the South Bend Gas Light Company and the Porcelain Company. He has been mayor of South Bend two terms, and during his adminis- tration there was mnch talk and strife over the system of water works to be decided upon, but his decision ha.«- proven very satisfactory. He has also served as a member of the city council a number of terms, and while a member of that body showed much good judgment and executive ability. In 1856 he was united in marriage with Miss Caroline Folsom, in 1S5S to Mary Groff, by whom he has four children living: Mrs. Kittie Clark, of Lawrence, Kas. ; William F., of Mishawaka; JohnG., of Spokane Falls, Wash., and Eugene H. Mr. Miller's third wife, who died June 29, 1887, was Mary K. Butler, who was born near London, England, but this union has not resulted in the birth of any children. Mr. ililler has in his possession some writing which was done by his great-grandfather Harper, and also his pocket-book which he brought with him to this conntrj- in 17-13. Mr. Miller is one of the highly esteemed residents of South Bend, and is rightly considered a capable man of busi- ness. The South Bend National Bank transacts a general business, and we may be permitted in conclusion to hope that its good works will live with instead of after it. Adolphcs Eberhabt, Mishawaka, Ind. The family of the name of Eberhart, Everhart, Eberhardt. whichever way it may be written, probably came originally from Germany to America, and possibly there are thousands of the same name in both countries. Kev. Uriah Eberhart, of Chicago, 111., has compiled an interesting history of the family from A. D. 1265, to A. D. 1890, showing their mutations, in- crease, resemblances and dispersion, arguing that from their similarity of physical structure, mental acquirements and religious faith, that they all had one common parentage. In Germany he traced them back to the thirteenth century, when the family was of noble blood, well educated for the times and many of them holding offices of high degree in church and state. They nearly aU belonged to the Lu- theran Church, one of the Eberharts greatly assisting Luther himself in the work of the Reformation. It would be impossible, in an article of the present kind, to give the various histories connected with this remarkable family, but we may at least out- line some of the distinguished former members. Eberhard the Noble was a Bavar- ian, born March 13, 1265, and both his father and mother were members of the royal family. He was one of the most daring and successful warriors of Wirten- berg and established that kingdom. His son ITriah succeeded him on the throne, and his son Eberhard the Good died June 5, 1325, after reigning nearly forty-six years. Eberhard the MUd was the great-grandson of Eberhard the Noble and commenced to reign about 1392, continuing about twenty-tive years. His son Eberhard the Younger died after a comparatively short reign; Duke Eberhart the Third began his reign about 1633 and reigned about forty-one years, and Duke Leo- pold Eberhard, who died in 1723, was the last reigning duke of Wirtenberg. The throne was lost partly by his own improper conduct, but principally through the strife then existing between the Catholics and Protestants. In view of all the dis- turbances of the times, many of the family decided to leave the Fatherland and seek their fortunes and greater civil and religious freedom in the wilds of America. Hence, quite a number of them emigrated to this country Ijetween 1725 and 1750, coming mostly from Wirtenberg and surrounding provinces, and settled principally in Pennsylvania, becoming there sturdy pioneers and substantial farmers. Many of their descendants have become prominent and leading men in all walks of life. They are a numerous and enduring race and many of the representatives are scat- tered through the West. Adolphus Eberhart, the grandfather of our subject, came to America between 1775—7. He was the son of John Adam Eberhart. Duke of Al- sace. German tradition says that his father, John Adam, the Duke, was very wealthy, being the owner of extensive glass works and large tracts of laud. He ap- pointed his brother, Philip of Wirteuljerg. as administrator of his estates, and Philip so managed matters that he made his son the inheritor of the title and the 674 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL greater part of the lands. Thus the heirs of the real duke were defrauded out of their inheritance. Adolphus was born January 4, 1760, and consequently was about eighteen years of age when he came to this country from Carlruhe, Baden. He immediately enlisted in the army and was all through the Revolutionary war, being a brave soldier and fighting under General La Fayette. At one time he as- sisted in carrying the General off the field, where he had been severely wounded, and did not see him again until January, 1825, when he met him at Albert Gallatin's home near New Geneva, and in recognition they embraced each other. After the war Adolphus returned to his trade of glass blowing, and after some experiments in Baltimore, in connection with a man by the name of Johnson, he and his brother Martin with other friends, went to Frederick City, Md., and for a time carried on the glass business. There he was married to a Miss Sophia, daughter of David and Elizabeth (Brandenburg) Speelman, who was born February 7, 1770, and was an excellent woman. Some time after the close of the war Adolphus and his friends moved from Frederick City to a place called New Geneva, Fayette county, Penn., and bought land of Hon. Albert Gallatin and established the first extensive glass works west of the Alleghany Mountains. He was a good general scholar and although he had a German brogue when speaking English, he was, nevertheless, an intelligent, active business man for his years. For a long time he carried on an extensive glass manufacturing establishment. Both he and his good wife were members of the Lutheran Church and were noted for their tine musical ability. He died in 1828, aged sixty eight years. They had the following children: Martin Adolphus, who died in childhood; Charles, born February 18, 1789, and married Miss Minnie Kirk- wood, of Mapleton, Penn. ; Sophia A. ; Margaret E. ; Christian E. ; George Frederick; Anna; Henry; John L. ; Louis A. and Rev. Albert G. George Frederick Eberhart, son of Adolphus, was born March 30, 1797, in Greenburg, Greene county, Penn., and received the limited common-school education of the day. He learned the business of glass blowing of his father, many of the Eberharts following this business. He married Betsy Weltner, of the same neighborhood, and to them were born twelve children: Jacob, Sophia, Adolphus, John, Robert Charles and Charles Robert (twins). Christian, Albert, Elizabeth Frederick, Fraidi and James. Soon after marriage Mr. Eberhart; moved to the State of New York and settled in the town of Clyde. Wayne county, where he engaged in his trade and lived until 1827, when he removed to Geneva, N. Y. , and soon after bought a farm in Yates county, although he contin- ued to work at his trade in Geneva. He finally retired from this business aud lived on his farm. In 1832 he removed to Greene county, Penn., where his father had owned a large tract of coal and iron lands. Mr. Eberhart bought out all of the heirs except one, but not being able to complete the purchase of the property he remained but one year. For the following two years he lived in Yates county, and in the spring of 1836 came with his family to St. Joseph county, Ind., and settled on the St. Joseph River, two miles north of Mishawaka, entering nearly 400 acres of land, making the journey to this county with two double horse teams, the snow being live feet deep when he started and the wagons were put on runners. The roads were good until Ashtabula was reached, when the snow disappeared and the remainderof the journey was made on wheels. The land which Mr. Eberhart entered was called Oak Openings, and presented a beautiful appearance, the large oak trees standing at a considerable distance apart, causing it to resemble an orchard. As there was little underbrush a large variety of wild flowers grew in this wood, while deer, wild turkey, squirrels and other game abounded. In their season the wild pigeons were in count- less numbers. A pigeon roost was within one aud one half miles of their settlement, and millions of these birds would fly to this roost at night. The land on which Mr. Eberhart settled is still in the hands of his heirs, and the primitive log cabin which he first built had neither doors nor windows, as glass could not be obtained at that time at Mishawaka. which village had then Imt one store, that of the St. Joseph Iron Company. There was but one settler near Mr. Eberhart and there was a small set- MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 675 tlement at Pleasant Valley. After a few years Mr. Eberbait built a good frame bouse and two good barns, wbicb are still standing. A good farm was cleared up, witb tbe assistance of bis sons, consisting of 200 acres. Botb Mr. and Mrs. Eberbart were devout members of tbe Metbodist Cburcb, and be was a local preacber wbile living in tbe State of New York. In conjunction witb Ricbmond Tuttle and James Pembrook be organized tbe First Metbodist Cburcb, in wbicb Mr. Eberbart was local preacber and class-leader for many years, contributing liberally of bis means to support tbe cburcb. His bouse was tbe bome of tbe itinerant Metbodist preacbers of tbose early days wbo were tbe founders of Metbodism in Indiana. Mr. Eberbart was a good, substantial, pioneer citizen, took great interest in public improvements and gave bis cbiidren a fair education for tbose days. In politics be was an old line Wbig, but afterward became a staucb Republican. He died at tbe age of seventy-two years, a man of powerful constitution, wbo was never sick in bis life and wbo never missed a meal until bis last sickness. He was a successful bunter, very fond of game and enjoyed bunting it. For borses be had a great affection, and in bis early days kept fast ones, and wben living in tbe State of New York bad some very valuable ones for bis times; but wben be became a religious man be sold off bis borses. He was respected by all wbo knew bim as a moral, upright, pioneer citizen. Through life be was very positive in his convic- tions and died a sincere Christian, in 1S69. The children of George Frederick Eberbart married and settled as follows: Jacob Weltner, born March 11, ISl'J, in Greenboro, Penn., was a young man of seventeen years of age wben he came to Penn township, and married Louisa Ferris, born at Waterloo, N. Y., and to them were born three children — Sarah L. , who died at the age of six years; Anna M., who died at tbe age of two years, and Charles H. wbo is now a farmer, married and settled on a farm north of Misbawaka. Jacob W. became a substantial farmer and died on the farm where his sou now resides, aged sixty- seven years, bis death occurring September 6, 18S6. Sophia Eberbart, daughter of George Frederick, married Elias Cook, a farmer of Penn township, sou of an old pioneer, and to them were born James, Anna (who died at the age of fourteen years), Arthur, Harriet, George and Sophia. Mr. Cook died on his farm at about fifty-eight years of age. He was a minister in tbe Metbodist Church. Mrs. Cook married for her second husband John Ruddock, a farmer of Sumption Prairie, and he died at about the age of seventy-one years. Mrs. Ruddock married for her third husband George Barnes, and they reside at Walkerton, Ind. A full sketch of Adolphus, the next child, will be given below. John H. was born on a farm in Yates county, October 8, 1825, and came to this county when eleven years of age. He married Mary A. Pembrook, but no cbiidren were born of this marriage and she died in 1857. In 1859 be married Mary McCann, and to them were born two daughters: Harriet A. aud Nellie M. Mrs. Eberbart died December, 1890. Mr. Eberbart is a sub- stantial citizen and is one of tbe owners of the flouring-mill at Misbawaka. Robert Charles, a son of Frederick George Eberbart, was born April 9, 1828, became a farmer and married Lucy Landfere, in September, 1856. They bad one son. Palmer A. , born March 2, 1858, but the mother died two weeks later. Mr. Eberbart married June 28, 1860, Rachel Stair, and to them were born three children: Susan E., born March 1, 1862; Emma E., born April 15, 1864, and Dessie C, born Sep- tember 4, 1866. Mr. Eberbart is a prosperous farmer and a respected citizen of Penn township. Charles Robert, son of Frederick George and twin brother of tbe al)ove, married Harriet Corp, March 15, 1858, and they are the parents of six cbiidren: Harry H. , Eva M. , Sylvia B., All)ert R. and Leo B. Tbe son Albert, was drowned in the St. Joseph River on the evening of December 3, 1884, wbile fishing, at the age of twenty-six years. He was a young man of fine char- acter. Mr. Eberbart is, like tbe rest of his family, a trustworthy and honorable citizen and a practical farmer, residing in Penn township. Christian and Albert were also sons of Frederick George. Elizabeth married George Bryerson, a farm- 676 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL er now retired and living in Elkbart. They are the parents of Frank, William, Adelia and Arthur. Frederick, Frank and James were the other children of Fred- erick George and a sketch of the former appears in this volume. Adolphus Eberhart, the son of Frederick George, and our subject, is one of the prominent pio- neer manufacturers of Mishawaka, a substantial citizen and an honored and re- spected man. Adolphus was born February 11, 1824, at Clyde, Wayne Co., N. y., and was twelve years of age when he came to St. Joseph county with his parents and can well remember the journey. He received the common education of those pioneer days and was reared a farmer. He narrowly escaped becoming a physician, as he had decided to adopt that profession, but his plans were changed by the re- moval of Dr. Crawford from Mishawaka, with whom he was to have studied. This was a great disappointment to young Eberhart, as he felt a desire to become a disciple of iEsculapius, believing that he had a natural aptitude for that profession. How- ever, he learned the trade of wagon and carriage-maker, and at the early age of twenty-one years engaged in this business in company with Albert Cass, of Mishawaka, one of the old settlers. They continued in the business four years, having associated with them John Miles, and in 1864 they built a large flouring-mill, which was then one of the largest and best in the West. Mr. Eberhart managed this mill until 1887, and still retains a one-third interest in it. In 188G he organized the Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Company with a capital stock of $200,0(10, with M. V. Beiger as president, F. G. Eberhart, Jr., as vice-president, J. C. Eberhart, Jr., as secretary, and Marvin Campbell as treasurer. The directors are C. Studebaker, J. M. Studebaker, M. V. Beiger, A. Eberhart and Marvin Campbell. Mr. Eberhart had invented an all knit-wool boot and a one-half interest in the patent was sold to the company for $100,000. The Ijoot is a joint invention of Mr. Eberhart abd Mr. Beiger, and as the business progressed, as many as one dozen patents have been taken out and large and convenient shops have been erected, two of them very large and three stories high; another, 32x50, and three stories high; and still another 90x32, three stories high, besides other buildings such as boiler-house, dry kilns, etc. The company does an annual business of .1200.000; employs from 140 to 150 persons and is a very important industry. This is the only all knit- wool boot made in the world. Besides these interests, Mr. Eberhart owns and rents four farms, aggregating 480 acres of tine farming land. From ISGO to 1862 Mr. Eberhart erected a commodious brick residence on East Second street, in which he still resides. On April 25, 1847, he married Sarah A. Boyd, born January 28, 1829, at Lynchburg, Va. , daughter of James and Ann (Eohr) ]3oyd. James Boyd was born in 1807, in West Virginia, of an old colonial family, of Irish descent. He was a carpenter by trade and came to Mishawaka, in 1837, and was well known among the old pioneers. He passed the remainder of his days in this town, living to the age of sixty-three years. Both he and his wife were members of the Methodist Church, he being one of its founders in this town. He was the father of eight children, as follows: Sarah A., Elizabeth, Lucinda, Margaret, John W., James C, Robert F. and Charles. In politics he was iirst an old line Whig, but at the organization of the Republican party, united with that. He had three sons in the great Civil war: John, who was in the Eighty- seventh Regiment I. V. I.; James C, who was in the one-hundred day service, and Robert F., who was in Company I, Ninth Regiment I. V. I., who was one of the first to enlist in the first company that went from Mishawaka. He died in 1861, at Cheat Mountain, W. Va. (For more complete history of the Boyd family see sketch of John W. Boyd.) To Mr. and Mrs. Adolphus Eberhart have been born six children: Ida L. , who died at the age of twenty-nine, having married, and left two children; Flora G.; James C. ; Frederick G. ; William, who died at the age of seven years, and Everett G. Mr. and Mrs. Eberhart are members of the Methodist Church, in which he has held the ofiices of steward and class-leader. Politically he is a stanch Republican, and was one of the founders of the party in the county. He has always been a public-spirited man, in favor of all things conducive to the MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 67T improvement of his county, but so man}' of the private enterprises in which he is engaged engross his attention to such a degree that he has always declined public office. Possessing the confidence of the people he might have aspired to any office, but has only accepted the presidency of the Board of Township Trustees. Perhaps there is no man now living in Mishawaka, who has been more fully identified with its business interests, or who has, for more years, been so active and efficient a business man. He began when a mere boy, and has always pursi^ed an enterprising, ener- getic and honorable business course which, in his old age, he still continues with unabated vigor, having but recently originated an enterprise, unique in its character, of practical and substantial benefit, not only to himself, but to his fellow-townsmen. Through his long career his integrity has been unimpeached and his manly course in life should be emulated by his descendants. Geokge W. Shock, manufacturer of paint mixers and special machinery, has a well-appointed establishment at the foot of Washington, on West Race street, and can claim more than his proportionate share of popularity among the business men of South Bend, for he has been a resident of the town ever since his birth, Septem- ber 30, 1859, during which time naught has ever been said derogatory to his honor. His parents, Jeremiah and Caroline (Eulon) Shock, are of German-French descent, the birth of the former occurring in Pennsylvania in 1828. In 1843, or when fifteen years of age, he came to South Bend and engaged in blacksmithing and horse-shoeing in partnership with his brother Daniel — with whom he learned his trade. He later opened a little establishment of his own and manufactured the first steel plow ever made in the town. Their shop was located on the corner where the new elegant Presbyterian Church stands, but in 1819, having been taken with severe cases of the "gold fever" they sold out and crossed the plains to California, making the journey by wagons. During the three or four years that Jeremiah remained in the West he was engaged in mining, but upon returning to South Bend he resumed blacksmithing, which business he successfully carried on for several years. He then went to work for Oliver, Bissell & Little and later for the Oliver Plow Works, and did all the work for the water-works stand pipe. He was considered one of the most skillful blacksmiths in the county, and his services were at all times in requisi- tion. He died in July, 1890, but his widow and six children survive him, the names of the latter being Frank, George W., Flora, Lewis, John and Charles. George W. Shock was educated in the schools of South Bend, and in his youth learned the carriage -finishing business, and later the machinist's trade. In April, 1889, he started in business for himself and has since continued with success, for he is a fine mechanic himself and employs none but skilled and experienced workmen. He has a reputation of a high order for making a very superior grade of paint mixers and special machinery, and none but the very best articles are sent out from his estab- lishment. Mr. Shock is the owner of some valuable real estate in the city and is in good circumstances financially. He is a Democrat politically, and socially is a mem- ber of the Royal Arcanum. In 1880 he was married to Miss Lura Jacjuith, by whom he has two children: Olive, aged ten years, and George A., Jr., aged one year. Abraham Shank, who for many years was a resident of Harrison township, and who died in the month of January, 1889, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, in February, 1831, a son of Samuel and Catherine (Barrick) Shank, who were early residents of Montgomery county, Ohio, and there reared a family of four children: Noah, Abraham. Daniel and Mary. All these children reached mature years but the daughter died when a young lady. After the death of the father in Ohio the mother came to Elkhart county, Ind., and was here married to Jacob Dillman, but both are now deceased. Her eldest child, Noah, settled in Harrison township of this county, reared a family and all his children are living in that township, some on the old home place; Daniel lives in Michigan, a man of family; Abraham came to this county with his mother in 1860 and settled on the farm where his son John and his family are living. He married after coming here, Miss Catherine F. W^hey- 678 PICTORIAL AND BIOGItAl'IIICAL mer, who was born in Philadelphia, Penn., and died \a May, 1885, her parents being Frederick and Catherine (Henniug) Wheymer. Mrs. Shank came to this county with her parents in an early day and settled in Harrison township and the father died in this county, the mother being still a resident of Goshen. Mrs. Shank was one of a large family of children: Catherine L., Emma, Maggie, Lina, Sophia, Sadie, William, Frederick and George, two of whom are living in Goshen. Mrs. Shank is the only one out of this family that is deceased. Abraham Shank was married in Elkhart county and settled on the farm in Harrison township, where he followed farming for some time. In politics he was with the Democratic party and in religion has been connected with the Lutheran Church. He was a reliable and substantial citizen and held a number of offices in the township, all of which he has tilled in a very satisfactory manner. He was always active in assisting every good enterprise, but his means were not decreased thereby for he became the owner of a good farm of 200 acres, which farm is as well improved as any place in the county. He was an energetic, pushing man of business, and his prosperity was well merited. His children are as follows: Clara, who was born April 13, 1862; John C. , was born March 26, 1864, is married to Alice "Bechter, a daughter of Henry Bechter and they have one boy, Ernest, who was born Febru- ary 7, 1891 (John attended the district schools and grew up on the old home farm, assisting his father in the work of the farm and after his marriage lived for two years on the farm of Henry Bechtel. He is a Democrat politically, is a public- spirited young man, and is now engaged in general farming and stockraising); Emma is the next in order of birth, was married in 1866, and is the wife of David Bechtel; Louis, whose birth came next, is living in Goshen, working in the hard- ware store of that place (he is married to Miss Norah Swartz, a daughter of a prominent citizen of the county, and in politics is a Democrat); Harley was born No- vember 28, 1871, has assumed part of the management of the home farm, is a well informed young man, and politically is a Democrat; Josephine, was born in 1873; Ada; Catherine; Sadie, who died in 1880, and Lula. The father and mother were lifelong members of the Lutheran Church, were worthy, honest and upright people who endeavored to live correct lives and, judging by the high respect in which they were held and by the numerous friends they gathered about them, evidently did so. H. B. App. Among the most noted and representative business men of the flour- ishing city of Bristol, Ind. , stands the name of H. B. App, whose high reputation and material prosperity came as the reward of unusual natural abilities, industriously ap- plied. He is now a prominent merchant of that city, has a good share of patronage and support, and as he is a gentleman of keen business ability, and keeps none but the best of goods, his trade has increased in a very flattering manner. He is a na- tive of the Keystone State, born in Snyder county April 26, 1852, and is a son of John H. and Sarah A. (Bassler) App, both natives of Snyder county, Penn. This family is of German descent and its members were early pioneers of Snyder county. The father of our subject was a farmer by occupation, and continued to till the soil in his native State until 1861, when he came to Indiana, locating one and a half miles west of Bristol, where he purchased a farm on which he lived for a number of years. The mother passed away in 1874 and the father followed her to the grave in 1888. They were the parents of two sons, H. B. and D. \V., the latter station agent at Quincy, Mich. H. B. App was but nine years of age when he came with his parents to this county, and his educational advantages were received in the public schools. He grew to manhood on the home place and continued to assist his father in tilling the soil until 1883, when he began clerking for W. R. Merritt, with whom he con- tinued until 1890. At that time he embarked in merchandising for himself and now has one of the best stocked general stores in Bristol. He carries a general line of all kinds of merchandise and is a man of excellent business qualifications and good habits. He was president of the board of health for one term, and for one term was town trustee. He selected his life companion in the person of Miss Sarah Rough, and MEMOIRS OF ISDIAyA. 679 their marriage was celebrated in ISTo. This union resulted in the birth of two sons and a daughter: Fred H., Earl B. and Jessie M. In his political affiliations Mr. App is a Democrat and takes a great interest in his party, being one of the leaders of the same in his community. He is the present chancellor commander of the Knights of Pythias Lodge at Bristol, and is as generous a friend and genial companion as one could wish to meet. D. B. I. ScHAFER. In the whole range of commercial enterprise no interest is of more importance than that respecting the sale of groceries. This fact is recog- nized and appreciated by all thoughtfid people, and therefore the matter of the selection of a dealer from whom to purchase our supplies calls for careful consid- eration and discriminating judgment. In this connection it is with genuine pleas- ure that attention is called to the well-known and reliable house of D. B. I. Sehafer, whose place of business is located at 201 North Michigan street and 107-109 Colfax avenue, South Bend, Ind. Being conducted on sound mercantile principles and its management characterized by energj"^ and ability, Mr. Sehafer has from the start enjoyed a large and prosperous trade, the unequivocal excellence of the goods handled, coupled with upright and honorable dealing, being among the special features contributing to the positive and permanent success that has attended the enterprise from its inception. Mr. Sehafer was born in Cleveland. Ohio, Februar}' 21, 1858, a son of Christian and Catherine (Ahr) Sehafer, natives of Germany, the former of whom sailed for America when nineteen years of age and located in the vicinity of Cleveland, where he worked out by the day on a farm. About 1862 he removed to Adams county, Ind., where he purchased a farm, on which he remained until 1881, when the city of South Bend became his home and remained such until his death, in 1889. His widow, who has been a resident of this country since she was three years of age, and eight children, survive him. the names of the latter being as follows: John, of Elkhart, Ind.: Mrs. Rev. B, Ruh; Jacob and Fred, of Adams county. Ind. : Mrs. H. Fulke, of South Bend; David B. I. ; Edward and Dr. A. F. One child, named Anna, is deceased. D. B. I. Sehafer was brought up oil a farm in -Adams county, Ind., in the district schools of which he received his education. After moving to Decatur, Ind., he was employed in the Grand Rap- ids & Indiana Railroad oflSce for about four years, but after coming to South Bend he secured employment in the wagon works of Studebaker Bros. , where he remained a short time. He was next employed in the grocery house of Tobias Sterns, with whom he remained one year, after which he embarked in the grocery business in partnership with E. T. Ivins, the name of which firm remained Sehafer & Ivins for four years, when Mr. Sehafer bought his partner's interest and has since continued the business alone. In 1889 he moved to his present stand, where he keeps a large stock of choice and fresh groceries, for which his prices are very reasonable. Mr. Sehafer started out in life without means, but energy has prevailed and he has now at his command a comfortable competency and numerous friends. He landed in South Bend with only .SI. 50 in money and a total stranger to every one, but he possessed those genial qualities which soon win friends, and the sturdy per- severance and industry which can not fail to sooner or later bring the possessor wealth. He is still a young man, and will, without doubt, be a wealthy man before the winter of old age has laid its whitening touch on his hair. He is highly esteemed in the social circles of South Bend, and is a member of the fol- lowing fraternities: The I. O. O. F., in which he has passed all the chairs and was trustee of South Bend Lodge, No. 29; South Bend Encampment, No. 9, for four years, and was captain of the South Bend Canton, No. 9 for four j-ears; Cru- sade Lodge, No. 14, and South Bend Division, No. 21. U. R. of the K. of P.; Shipshewana Tribe. No. 12, I. O. R. M. : South Bend Council. No. 347, Roval Arca- num: South Bend Lodge, No. 294. F. & A. M. ; South Bend Chapter. No. 29, R. A. M. : South Bend Commandery, No. 13, K. T. and the Order of Elks. He has been captain of the Uniform Rank of the K. of P. for six years and is prominent 680 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL in all the societies to which he belongs. In May, 1892, he made the race for mayor and cut down the Democratic majority from 876 to 36, thus showing that he had numerous admirers and friends. Harvey W. Kantz, township trustee, attorney at law and insurance agent of Bristol, Ind., was born in Snyder county, Penn. , October 31, 1863, and is a son of Simon B. and Sarah (Wetzel) Kantz, natives of the same county in Pennsylvania and of German ancestry. Our subject's maternal grandfather, Henry Wetzel, was a rel- ative of Daniel Boone's companion, Lewis Wetzel, who was a noted Indian fighter during pioneer days. The grandfathers on both sides were farmers, but were also mechanics and gunsmiths. Simon B. Kantz followed agricultural pursuits as his chosen calling and died May 1, 1872, having passed his entire life in his native county. His widow is still living and resides at Freeburg, Snyder Co. , Penn. Two sons and six daughters were born to this worthy couple, six of whom are now living. The fourth in order of birth of this family, Harvey W. Kantz, was reared in his native county and there received the principal part of his education, graduating from Freeburg Academy in the fall of 1882 with first honors. He had made up his mind to come west after graduating, and this he accordingly did, arriving in Danville, Ind., in the fall of that year. After attending the Indiana Normal School for a short time he came to Bristol and the following spring went to Valparaiso, Ind., where he attended school, taking one course. Returning to Bristol he taught three terms of school in that vicinity, but during intervals attended the Indiana State University, located at Bloomington. In 1886 he went to Florida and located at Bartow, where he was engaged in teaching school. After spending nearly two years in the sunny South he returned to Bristol, thence to Goshen, where he studied law with Wilson & David and was admitted to the bar. He subsequently located at Bristol and has practiced his profession here since. He taught two terms of school on returning to Bristol, but the principal part of his time and attention is given to his profession. He has been successful in his practice and has achieved prominence and distinction as a member of the bar. He was elected township trustee in April, 1890, and has been city treasurer for one term. On the 5th of March, 1884, he married Miss Laura B. Mitchell, by whom he has one daughter, Ruth V. Socially he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and K. of P. Mr. Kantz is a rising young man, who bids fair to make his way in the world and is classed among the best citizens of Elkhart county. Rev. a. B. Chaffee is probably one of the most prominent clergymen in the city of South Bend, having charge of the First Baptist Church in this place. As a pastor he gets very near to his people, and has ever sought to develop the highest type of social life of the church. He has made himself the personal friend of each member of the church, sympathizing with them in trouble and rejoicing with them in their glad- ness. He was born in Philadelphia, Penn., June 19, 1852, a son of James and Har- riet (Billings) Chaffee, natives of Springfield, Mass., and Somerville, Conn., respect- ively, the latter's birth occurring at what was known as Billings' Mills. The Chaf- fees are of English origin, and their genealogy is traced back to the latter part of the seventeenth century. The paternal grandfather, Elam Chaffee, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and the majority of the members of the family were farmers and mechanics. For several years the grandfather and father of the subject of this sketch worked in the armory at Springfield, Mass., but the former was called from this life in the State of Connecticut. James Chaffee was a merchant in Philadelphia for over thirty years, having gone there when a young man, but in 1866 he removed to Saratoga Springs, N. Y. , where he resided for about nine years, a portion of which time he was engaged in keeping hotel. He then removed to Union, N. J., twelve miles from the city of New York, and there lived retired from the active duties of life, dying in the fall of 1880, his widow surviving him until 1889, her death occurring at Franklin, Ind. They were the parents of three sons: Edward J., a wholesale dry goods merchant of New York City; Theodore S.,of Avondale, N. J., and Rev. A. B., of South Bend. The latter was a resident of the city of "Brotherly Love" until MEMOIRS OF I y DIANA. 681 twelve years of age, aud was an attendant of the public schools of that city. Upon the removal of his parents to Saratoga Springs, he entered the Williston Seminary, at East Hampton, Mass., from which institution he graduated in 1869 in the scien- tific course. He was then in business with his brother in New York City for one year, at the end of which time he began fitting himself for college in Saratoga in 1870-2, entering the University of Rochester in the last mentioned year, in which he remained until the spring of 1874. He then met with an accident and was com- pelled to return home. In the fall of that year he entered the University of New Jersey, at Princeton, and graduated from that noted institution of learning in 1876. The three succeeding years were spent in the Rochester Theological Seminary, where he completed his studies in 1879, after which he immediately came West, and was professor of Latin, language and literature of Franklin (Indiana) College, aud pro- fessor of chemistry and physics from 1887 to 1889 in the same institution. From June to September, 1887, he took a term in chemistry at Harvard university, and from 1889 to 1890 he was pastor of the First Baptist Church of Seymour, Ind. In September of the latter year he was called to South Bend, and has since ably filled the pulpit of the First Baptist Church. Mr. Chaffee is a well-educated gentleman, possesses a fine and original mind, and is a fluent, forcible and eloquent speaker. He has a large and select congregation, the membership of which has greatly increased since he took charge, and many valuable improvements in the church have been made. Mr. Chaffee is a member of the Greek Delta Psi, and has been a member of the Cli- osophic, of Princeton, N. J. , Indiana Academy of Science, the American Association of Science, K. O. T. M. , the Humane Society and the Y. M. C. A. He takes a deep interest in the moral, spiritual, intellectual and social life of the city, and is doing all in his power to improve the tone of society. He is recording secretary of the Indiana Baptist State Convention. In May, 1879, he was married to Miss Laura Putnam, of Saratoga Springs, N. Y. , and of seven children born to them six are liv- ing: Harold P., Eleanor B., James F., Arthur B., Jr., Margaret C, Mary E. (deceased) aud Laurence E. Isaac N. Alverson. No better class of citizens came to the United States than those who emigrated from bonny Scotland, and who brought, as their inheritance from Highland ancestors, the traits of character and life which have ever distinguished that race. The Alversons came originally from Scotland and were early settlers of York State. The paternal grandfather, William Alverson, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war and during his younger days was a merchant in Utica, N. Y. He built the second log cabin in that city and there made his home until his death. He was a very prominent man. His son, William, was born in the Empire State and cultivated the soil there until 1836, when he came to Indiana and located in what is now Bristol. He came by way of the Erie Canal and lakes to Detroit, and from there to Bristol by wagon. Purchasing a farm near the town he began clear- ing it of the heavy timber with which it was covered and erected a cheap board house, in which he and his family lived until they could make better improvements. He crossed the plains to California in 1849, and was interested in mining for four years. Then returning to Indiana he made his home in Elkhart county until his death, in 1878. He was married in his native State to Miss Ellen Brace, who sur- vived him until 1880. To them were given seven children, six living, as follows: Chloe. wife of Homer Adams; Isaac M. ; Cornelia, widow of S. B. Romaine; Benja- min; Lewis and Theodore. Mrs. Alverson was of German descent and the daughter of Benjamin Brace, who followed the occupation of an agriculturist and owned a farm four miles from Utica, N. Y., on which one of his daughters resides at the pres- ent time. Our subject was born in Utica, N. Y. , January 2, 1825, and when about eleven years of age came with his parents to Elkhart county, and received such edu- cation as the schools of that day afforded. He was obliged to work hard to clear up the new farm, and schooling was not considered an absolute necessity in those days. He remained under the paternal roof until 1850 and then, with a company, he crossed 683 PICTORIAL ASD BIOGRAPHICAL the plains to California, being sis months ou the road. This company was com- posed of men of courage and determination, and fear never entered tlieir minds, although a company behind them was massacred by the Indians, none escaping except one boy. Mr. Alverson spent twenty-one years in the Western States and Territories and was in all except Alaska. He mined for three years, but the balance of his time was devoted to the saw-mill and stock business. He experi- enced many hardships, for the country was very wild and the Indians savage and treacherous, and his partner, George Fairbanks, was killed by the Indians in Idaho while prospecting. Mr. Alverson also had two men who were working for him killed, and had many narrow escapes himself. In the fall of 1871 he returned to Bristol a wiser man and full of experience, and it all seems like a ilream to him. On his return here he engaged in his present business and has eontiuiied the same ever since. He is a good, law-abiding citizen and has many warm friends. He has accumulated considerable property and is in easy circumstances. Charitable and liberal to all, the poor and afflicted are never sent empty-handed from his door. Mr. Alverson was married in 1872 to Miss Catherine Fulk, by whom he has four chil- dren: Irene, Matie, Carl and Benjamin. In poli ics Mr. Alverson is an ardent sup- porter of Democratic principles. Maktin I. McDonald is the third child of the old pioneer citizen, John I. McDonald, of whom mention is made in this work. Martin was born in Clark county, Ohio, on April 2, 1855, but since his third year he has been a resident of Elkhart count}-, Ind. , and has always warmly identified himself with the interests of this section. He obtained his education in the district schools of Southwest and Harrison township, and his early career was not materially different from the most of farmers' boys, for as soon as old enough various farm duties were assigned him. In this manner he became thoroughly familiar with the work, and at the age of twenty-three years he started out to do for himself, and being an industrious, hon- est and self-reliant young man, he was successful in accumulating means. He followed threshing for a number of years in addition to tilling the soil, and in this manner obtained a good start in life, sufficiently so to warrant him taking a wife, which he did in 1888, Miss Sarah E. Bechtel, a daughter of Daniel Bechtel, becoming the partner of his joys and sorrows. Since their marriage they have lived on the old Bechtel homestead, which they own and which they are putting in good repair. This is one of the oldest farms in the county and has been the home of the Bechtel family for many years. Mr. McDonald is an honor to the calling which he represents, and is a living illustration of what may be accomplished by a young man who is determined to surmount the difficulties which strew the pathway of all live business men. He is interested in the raising of stock and grain and owing to the earnest attention which he gives to each he is successful in each branch. His judgment has led him to support the Republican party on all occasions and he has proven himself a public-spirited, wide-awake young man, alive to his own and his county's interests. He is of the stuff of which sterling citizens are made and he and his wife have a large circle of friends and acquaintances. They have one child, Noah. Mrs. McDonald was the seventh child born to her parents, was born on September 20, 1858, and was reared on the old home farm of her father, Daniel Bechtel, which is her home at the present time. Edgene Atkins. When a grain of wheat is cut across the middle and examined under a glass, the central parts are found to be composed of a white substance; if the grain is dry this interior readily becomes a pearly powder. Near the outside of the kernel the texture is more compact, and at the surface it becomes horny. This added firmness is produced by the increasing quantity of gluten, as the analysis advances from center to circumference. Understanding the structure of the grain, it has been the object of the miller to separate the various parts so as to get different grades of flour. It is the gluten which gives flour its strongest property, and it is in the nice separation of this constituent that the roller process excels. As one of MEMOIIiS OF INDIAyA. 683 the finest examples of the application of this process and machinery generally to the manufacture of line flour, the Bristol Roller Jlills of Bristol, Intl., command detailed mention. This extensive enterprise is conducted by E. Atkins, M. Stover and A. Stamp, and is equipped with all the modern machinery, roller process, and a lifty- horse-power engine. Mr. Atkins superintended the building of this mill in 1890, and at first it was a small frame structure. This year additions have been made as their business has increased so much as to make this necessary. Mr. Atkins is a practical miller, and was reared in the business. He was born in Ontario, in 1868, and his parents, George and Alice (Milroy) Atkins, were natives of Canada. They removed to Clare, Mich., in 1869, and there the father carried on a sash and blind factory, grocery, saw mill and lumber-yard. He carried on quite an extensive business, and died at Clare. His widow is still living, and makes her home in this city. Eugene Atkins was educated at Clare, Mich., in the public schools, and at an early age he learned milling and the millwright trade with Nor- dyke, Marmon &Co.. of Indianapolis, the largest milling firm in the world. He subsequently became superintendent for this firm and built mills for them in over half the States of the Union, some being very large ones. He was second foreman in the erection of some of the largest mills in the world. He remained with this company for eight years, commanded a large salary, and then thinking with his experience that he could do better if engaged in the business for himself, he planned the Bristol Roller Mills, and has sinbe been actively engaged in this occupation. This firm manufactures 100 barrels of flour per day. He took in two partners and they do nearly all their own work, except running the engine. Mr. Atkins is out on the road a portion of the time, and Mr. Stover is salesman, on the road, some of the time. On May 3. 1891, he was married to Miss Azia Stover, of Elkhart. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. , is a very enterprising young man, and is sure to succeed in life. Charles M. Collins, the master mechanic for the Studebaker Bros. Manufacturing Company at South Bend, Ind. , was born in Harmony, Me. . June 4, 1852. his parents, William and Mary (Sweeney) Collins, having been born in the Pine Tree State and Ireland respectively. The Collins family were early pioneers of the New England States, and the paternal and maternal grandparents spent the most of their lives and died in Maine, in which State William Collins was reared and followed farming until his death. His widow is now a resident of New Hampshire, and with four children survives him, the names of the latter being: A. C, of Hartford, Conn.; F. W., of Jefferson, N. H. : Charles M. and F. A., of Portland, Me. Charles M. Collins spent his early life in the State of his birth, and until sixteen years of age was an attend- ant of the public schools of his native place. He then began learning the trade of a mechanic, for which he seemed to have a natural inclination and a decided aptitude, and for two years thereafter was an apprentice of Henkley & Egery and Dalle Bros., of Bangor, Me. He then became very desirous of improving his education, and through his own efforts obtained sufficient means to permit him to enter college at Bucksport, Me., but unfortunately, on account of his father's death, he was c om- pelled to give up his course and return to the shop. He, however, did not confine himself to one particular establishment, but followed his trade in the principal cities throughout the New England States, nor to one particular class of work, but devoted his time to the various branches which was the means of perfecting his knowledge of every detail. In 1878 he came west to Elkhart. Ind., witb the expectation of going to work in the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern shops, but found that the chance of promotion was very doubtful, and he had no desire or intention of waiting for "dead men's shoes," so he gave up the idea and came to South Bend, and here soon after secured employment in the mammoth establishment of the Studebaker Bros. His mechanical skill was soon made manifest, and came to the notice of the members of the firm, who were sufficiently well versed in the details of the business to realize that he was an expert workman, and in 1888 his ability and faithfulness were 684 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL rewarded b}- bis being made master mecbanic over tbe entire manufactory. Tbis very responsible position be bas filled witb undiminisbed zeal, faitbfulness and skill up to tbe present time, and be enjoys the entire confideace and respect of bis employers. He bas sixty men under bis supervision, over wbom bis rule is firm and absolute, yet ligbt In May, 1892, bis intelligence was furtber recognized by tbe townspeople, for be was elected one of tbe trustees of tbe City Water Works, in wbicb be bad been deeply interested from tbe tirst, and of wbicb be was one of tbe leading promoters. All matters tbat are calculated to benefit and improve tbe city find a generous and influential patron in Mr. Collins, and be is ia every sense of tbe word public-spirited. In 1881 be led to tbe altar Miss Lennie Allen, to wbom two sons bave been given: Fred and Homer. Mr. Collins is a Knigbt Templar in tbe A. F. & A. M. , is a member of tbe American Society of Mecbanical Engineers, and politically tbe prin- ciples of tbe Republican party bave always commended tbemselves to bis judgment. John Hay, wbo, for a number of years, bas lived in Harrison townsbip, Elkbart Co., lud., was born in Montgomery county, Obio, December 25, 1829, being tbe eldest of a family of seven cbildren reared by Michael and Christina (Crull) Hay, tbe former of whom was born in Bedford county, Penn., in 1806, his parents being Valentine and Esther (Martin) Hay. Valentine Hay was a Pennsylvanian by birth, whose father, Michael Hay, was a Hessian, and came to this country from Germany during tbe Revolutionary war. He was a worthy founder of tbe family in this country and reared four cbildren, of wbom Valentine, the grandfather of the sub- ject of tbis sketch, was one. Michael Hay was a tiller of tbe soil and he and bis wife died in Pennsylvania. Valentine attained manhood in the State of bis birth, learned the millwright's trade in bis youth, wbicb be afterward followed in con- nection witb farming. He was married in tbe Keystone State, and eight cbildren were tbe result of bis union, their names being as follows: John, wbo died in St. Joseph county, Ind. ; Michael; Mary, wbo was tbe wife of Noah Anderson, au early pioneer of Elkhart county; Barbara, who was the wife of Jonas Miller, of Elkhart county, and after his death became tbe wife of Samuel Fryman, of Harrison town- ship, both being deceased at the present time; Joseph, who died in Ohio; Hettie, who is tbe wife of Mr. Fryman, and is a resident of Obio; Abraham, who is living in Obio, Montgomery county; Isaac, who died in Montgomery county, Ohio. The father and mother lived and died in tbat county and State, also having for many years been members of tbe German Baptist Church. Tbe father passed from life in 1853, and tbe mother in 1863, at which time they were in good circumstances. Michael, the father of tbe subject of this biography, was educated and reared in Pennsylvania, and as be was reared to the duties of farm life, it was but natural that he should make that bis chief occupation after starting out in life for himself. After his removal to Obio, with bis parents, be married in that State, in 1828, and immediately thereafter settled in the woods of Montgomery county, on which he and his wife lived and died. They were members of the German Baptist Church, in which the father was an active worker. He was industrious, prudent and econom- ical, and with the valuable assistance of his worthy wife, be succeeded in accu- mulating a good property. He was a pronounced Jacksonian Democrat in bis political views, but later an espouser of the martyr President, Abraham Lincoln. He died in August, 1879, and bis widow, in 1SS9, six of the seven cbildren born to them surviving: John, the immediate subject of this sketch; Hattie, who is living near tbe old home in Montgomery county, is the wife of Samuel Erbaugb; Masolma is the wife of Noah King, and lives in Missouri; Joseph was, for many years, a resident of Elkbart county, Ind., died in 1890, and his widow and family are still living on the old homestead; Michael resides on tbe old home farm in Montgomery county, Ohio; Abraham also resides there, and Mary A. married George Arbaugh and lives in the vicmity of tbe old home in Ohio. All these sons are members of the German Baptist Church, and are prominent in the sections in which they reside. The early life of tbe subject of this sketch was spent in Mont- MEMOIliS OF INDIANA. 685 gomery county, Ohio, and as be early commenced assisting his father in the duties of the farm, he received but limited school advantages. Knowing the advantage of a good education, he attended school after he was grown, and in this manner acquired a practical education. He remained at home until about twenty- four years of age, then was united in marriage with Mis-s Rachel, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Priser) Heistaud, (he former of whom was born in Maryland, in 1788, and died in 1853, at the age of sixty-five years. He was a farmer and school teacher by occupation, in politics was a ^Yhig, and prior to his death had prophesied the war of the Kebellion, but was strongly opposed to it. He was a man of su- perior knowledge, was a practical business man, and accumulated a good property. In every respect he was a gentleman of the old school. He was one of the early pioneers of Ohio, and was married in Montgomery county, of that State, where he lived for a number of years. In 1853 he sold his property there and while en route for Madison, Wis., with his family, died at the home of a brother-in-law in Ohio. His wife died in 1839, the mother of six children: Benjamin, who died in 1877, lived in Shelbyville, and died in Florida, a man of family and an ex-soldier of the Rebellion; Jesse died in 1880, in Crawford county, HI., leaving a family; Hiram was a man of family and died in Madison, Wis., in 1870, having also been a soldier of the Civil war; Rachel, the wife of Mr. Hay; Anna is the wife of Joseph Owines, and lives in Ohio; and Mary, who is married to J, Herring, is a resident of the Hoosier State. Mrs. Hay was only sis years old when her mother died, but in Montgomery county, Ohio, she grew to maturity and married. She and her bus- baud have long been members of the German Baptist Church, and since 1856 have been residents of Elkhart county, Ind. They bought 160 acres of woodland, besides which they now own a farm of ninety acres in Baugo township, on which one of his sons is living. He has always been active in political matters, at all times supports the principles of the Republican party, and has always been exceedingly public spirited. He is interested in all enterprises tending to improve the county, and especially the immediate section in which be resides. He experienced the hardships of life on a pioneer woodland farm and devoted many a hard day's labor to clearing it and getting it in good farming condition. He had some means, in which respect he was more fortunate than many of the early pioneers of the section, but he has always been prudent in his expenditures and never run in debt. In 1860 he built the large brick house in which he is now living, which was, in all probability, one of the first erected in the county. His farm is finely improved in every way, bis fences are kept up, his buildings in good repair, and every nook and cranny of fields and fences are in admirable condition. His children are as follows: Abraham, born September 8, 1854, is a farmer of Baugo township, was married to Ellen Cline, and is the father of two children — Leroy and James; Michael was born October 29, 1860, is assisting his father on the home place, and is a Republican in politics; John was born August 12, 1863, and died November 26, 1863; Amasa P. was born Sep- tember 4, 1864, and is also at home; Mary M. was born November 4, 1868, and died February 2, 1869; Christina was born October 7, 1870, is the wife of Daliem Kurtz, of Harrison township; Joseph, born July 25, 1874, is attending school; and Ida, born December 7, 1876, is also attending school. Mr. Hay and his family rank among the prominent people of the county, and this reputation has been acquired not through their means, but through their public spirit, fair dealing and earnest Christian purpose. James Aslin. A plumber of South Bend, Ind., who has made an excellent repu- tation for good work, and who is doing a thriving business, is James Aslin whose place of business is at 216 Michigan street. He was born in Hartfordshire, England, January 25, 1860. son of George and Susanna (Barber) Aslin, in which country they belonged to the farming classes. The father was born in St. Albin's Abbey, there received a good education, and like his worthy ancestors before him, Ijecame a tiller of the soil when settling in life. In 1875 he sailed for the United States and first 686 • PICrOIUAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL located iu Hartford, Conn., in the vicinity of whicli place be followed agricultural pursuits until his death, which occurred in 1889. His widow died in England in 1892, having become the mother of eight children, six of whom survive her: Louise, Frederick, Elizabeth and Susanna who reside in London, England; Matilda, a resi- dent of Hamelhempstead, England, and James, the subject of this sketch. He was reared in the land of his birth, where he was partly e lucated, but iu IBT-t left that country to seek his fortune in America and soon after reaching this country he went to CJlevelaud, Ohio, where he learned his trade; thence to Chicago, where he worked at the same for two years. In 18S9 he came to South Bend and until two years ago worked as a journeyman when he established himself in business and has built up a large and constantly growing patronage. He is a thoroughgoing and energetic business man, reliable at all times, and is highly respected among a large circle of business and social acquaintances. He is himself a practical mechanic and gives careful and personal supervision to all work done. This includes everything in the line of gasfittiug. In the matter of charges, he makes it a rule to be moderate and reasonable, and this has undoubtedly had an influence in building up the excellent trade enjoyed. Another feature that has given great satisfaction among his patrons is the promptness with which all orders are attended to. He was married in 1885 to Miss Sophia Pommart, daughter of Andy Pommart, the tirst drayman of South Bend, and to them three sons have been born: George, Harry and Fred. Mrs. Aslin is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the Royal Arcanum. L. B. Rood is a member of a prominent family of Elkhart county, to which sec- tion became from Ohio in 1865, although bis birth occurred in Bedford, Mass. Hie parents, Aaron and Phily (Caiter) Rood, the former being a member of a family that took root on American soil at a very early day. Aaron with his family removed to Ohio, and there he and his wife eventually passed from life, both being quite aged. They reared four children: Aaron, Alpha, Lauren B. , William and Elizabeth. Lauren B. Rood, the subject of this sketch, was married in Ohio to Susanna Golder, daughter of John and Mary Golder, Pennsylvania people who early removed to Ohio, where they reared four children: Garrett, Jackson, Devereau and Susanna. After his marriage Mr. Rood farmed in Ohio until 1865, and since that time has followed the same occupation north of Goshen, where he also manufactured the first tile ever made in the county and himself manufactured the first machine for the pur- pose. To himself and wife four children were born : John, who i.s a farmer of Jefferson township; Nelson, who is a farmer and a brick and tile manufacturer four miles weht of Goshen; Elizabeth, and Wilson H., who is a farmer and is associated with his l)rother in the manufacture of brick and tile, also township trustee. Mr. and Mrs. Rood have reared a family of honest, industrious children, who are good citizens and well to do in worldly goods. Nelson Rood was born in Mercer county, Ohio, in 1818, April 18, and was a son of L. B. and Susanna (Golder) Rood, being the second of their four children: John, who is a farmer residing east of Goshen; Nelson L. ; Chester, who died at the age of eight years; Elizabeth, who is the wife of Eli McQuate, and Wilson H., married to Cora Bemenderfer December 1, 1887, one child Winnie B., born August 5, 1888, who is a resident and trustee of Harrison township. Nelson W. Rood was a resident of Mercer county, Ohio, until he was about nineteen years old, and in the district school of that county be obtained a good practical education, and after coming to Elkhart county he attended a select school of Goshen for some time. At the age of twenty-one years he began teaching and for three years was a successful pedagogue in the district schools of Elkhart county, since which time be has given his attention to farming and the manufacture of brick and tile, embarking in the latter enterprise at about the age of twenty-two years, using a small band machine, and remained thus associated with his father for four years. After his marriage he removed to Olive township, on the Jacob Shann farm, where be followed tile and brick making for four years alone, then associated with him bis brother Wilson. In 1882 they sold their farm to Aaron Shann and bought Hon. JOHN M. BUTLER. MEMOIRS OP INDI.Xy.i. 689 the farm, now owueJ by Joliu Stutsman, consisting of 122 acres. They have been very successful in tbeir Hue of work and the output of their establishment is large and consequently paying. Their plant is valued at about §10,000 and is the result of a great deal of hard labor. The clay on this place is of a very superior qual- ity and is well suited to the manufacture of crocks. They employ six or seven men during the tile season and find a ready sale for their product. Mr. Rood is one of the most public spirited of men, and politically is a Republican. He has always been iuterested in affairs of his section and makes it a point to keep well posted on the current topics of the day. He is a memberof the Evangelical Church, in which he is treasurer and secretary and has always shown much interest in Sunday-school work. November 26, 187-1. he was married to Hutoka Blue, daughter of Abner Blue. Mrs. Rood was born two miles north of Goshen on the old homestead of the Blue family. She is oue of the following children: Louise, who is living in Nebraska is the wife of John E. Adams; James L. is a farmer of Adams county. Neb. ; Hutoka (Mrs. Rood), and May. Mrs. Rood was born Februar}' 21, 1853, and has borne her husband two children: Hallet E. , born November 25, 1877, and Carlos, born January 10, 1886. They have an adopted daughter, Maud (Willy) Rood, who is now sixteen years of age. They are among the prominent young people of Harrison township and well and favorably known. Mr. Rood is a young man of superior business qualifications and is highly regarded in business circles. W. R. HoBBS, furniture dealer of South Bend, Ind. Of the marked improve- ment on the culture and general good taste of the public no more convincing proof is to be found in South Bend than by a visit to the furniture warerroms of W. R. Hobbs at 122 South Michigan street, which is conducted in an able and efiicient manner and is in the enjoyment of a prosperous career. Mr. Hobbs owes his na- tivity to Yorkville, 111., where he was born January 25, 1859, a son of Nathaniel and Caroline (Graham) Hobbs, the former of whom was born in Portland, Me., and the latter in Haverhill, Mass. Both the paternal and maternal grandparents were of English descent and were early settlers of New England. The great-grandfather, Josiah Hobbs, was a colonel in a Maine regiment during the Revolutionary war. The early members of the family were engaged in mercantile pursuits. Nathaniel Hobbs emigrated from Maine to Illinois in 1855, and in the town of Yorkville he built a saw-mill and was engaged in milling and lumbering until the big flood of 1858, when everything he owned was swept away, leaving him totally destitute of means. He then turned his attention to agriculture, purchasing a farm on time one mile from Yorkville, and by good management and hard work in time succeeded in entirely paying off his indebtedness. In 1868 he sold this property and moved to Aurora, 111., where he opened a furniture establishment which he conducted in a successful manner until 1887, at which time he sold his stock to his two sons, W. R. and Albert J., and from that time until his death in 1889, lived a retired life. His widow survives him and lives on the old homestead in Aurora. She bore her hus- band four children: Albert J.; George; Mrs. Flora E. Hammond, of Aurora, 111. ; and William R. , of South Bend, Ind. The subject of this sketch was but five years of age when his parents left the farm and in the city of Aurora, 111., he received his educa- tion, graduating fiom the high school in 1876, at the age of seventeen. The subse- quent three winters he taught school in the vicinity of Aurora and in the summer worked for Gannon & McGrath, of Chicago, at which place he learned the up- holsterer's trade. After becoming a thoroughly competent upholsterer he entered his father's establishment with whom he remained associated until he purchased an interest in the business upou his father's retirement, but in 1890 sold out to his brother and soon after purchased his present store and has since conducted a pros- perous and creditable business. The premises are suitably arranged for sale and work purposes and he carries the largest stock of furniture in Indiana, north of Indianapolis. He is not only thoroughly conversant with the details of the business but also with the demands of the public, whom he zealously and successfully strives 40 690 PICTORTAL AND BIOGUAPIUCAL to serve to their best mutual advantage, and under his keeu, careful supervision the house has attained a position in the foreground in its line. Mr. Hobbs vyas married in 1880 to Miss Eliza Smedley, of Aurora, 111., by whom he has four children: W. E. Hobbs' career has not been one of a varying nature, it has been a safe, healthy, energetic, progressive career, in proof of which he builds this year a double, four- story, ornamental brick block on the corner of Michigan and Wayne streets, to which, when completed, he will move his present business. E. R. Vanderhoof. a well-stocked and thoroughly equipped drug store is a great convenience in any community, and Mr. Vanderhoof is fully alive to the re- quirements of the public in his line of business, and the able manner in which he conducts it proves at once that he is fully abreast of the times and is a thoroughly qualitied druggist. His place of business is located at 216 West Washington street. He was born in Louisville, Stark county, Ohio, October 31, 1853, a son of Aaron and Mary F. (Moffitt) Vanderhoof, who were also born in the Buckeye State. The Vanderhoof family originally came from the land of windmills and they and the Moffitts were among the first settlers of Stark county, Ohio. The paternal grand- father, Patrick Vanderhoof, was a farmer and donated forty acres of land to the Catholic Church of Louisville, Ohio. The father of the subject of this sketch came to South Bend many years ago and became book-keeper for Studebaker Bros. , and also for the Oliver Plow Works and at one time was engaged in the grocery business. He died in this city and here his widow still lives with her six children: Edward R. , Albert, Amy, Mary, John and Stella. Edward R., whose name heads this sketch, was partially reared in Louisville, Ohio, but when a lad came to South Bend with his father and obtained a good education in St. Patrick's Parochial School, after which, for eleven years, he was a clerk in a drug store. At the end of this time he became a daii'yman and at the same time farmed until 1887, when he opened a drug store of his own in South Bend in partnership with G. R. Summers ,with whom he has since been connected. They keep an excellent stock of pure, fresh drugs and all the various articles belonging to the V)usiness. The store is neatly and tastefully appointed and supplied with every modern convenience, and is made attractive by handsome show windows. Their business is large and constantly increasing and their establishment is recognized as one of the prominent business institutions of the city. Dr. Vanderhoof also owns a tine farm of 1 20 acres in Clay township and is quite an extensive dealer in tine stock, being particularly fond of fast trotters, oi which he owns some creditable and exceptionally speedy animals. His cattle are also finely bred. He rents his land, as he has no time or inclination to look after it him- self. In 1880 he was married to Miss Mary A. Summers, and their union has re- sulted in the birth of two sons and two daughters: Catherine, Mamie, Edward and John. He and his wife are members of the Catholic Church and are highly regarded in the social circles of South Bend. Ephraim Musser, a well known citizen of Elkhart county, is a product of Wayne county, Ohio, where he was born on the Ist day of February, 1836, the elder of two children born to Isaac and Fannie (Shirk) Musser, a short notice of whom is given in the sketch of Joseph Musser. Ephraim was reared in his native county, and in the district schools of the neighborhood he obtained a good common-school educa- tion. When sixteen years of age he came to Indiana with his parents, by wagon, and assisted in putting the home farm, which was a woodland tract, in a good state of cultivation and in improving it in various ways. He remained with his parents until 1864, having married, in 1857, Mary Martin, who was born in Canada, Novem- ber 4, 1836, a daughter of Joseph and Susanna (Weuger) Martin, who were Penn- sylvania people also, but who took up their residence in Canada in early days. The father died in the Dominion but the mother came west and died in Michigan when quite advanced in years. They were the parents of six children: Daniel, Mary, Anna, Simon, Zimmerman and Susanna, of whom Zimmerman and Daniel are deceased. Mrs. Musser is the only one of the family residing in Indiana, the other MEMOIRS OF INDnLyA. 691 members being residents of Michigan and Ohio. In 1865 Mr. Musser removed from the old home farm to the farm where he now lives, which had been partly improved, and here the knowledge which he had gained in clearing up the old home farm was of practical use to him and greatly assisted him in his efforts to improve and make habitable his place. Of the 160 acres which he owns over 100 acres are cleared, and as it is well located it is not only a desirable place of residence but is also valuable. The farm is substantially fenced and has excellent farm buildings, all in good repair. He has a tine orchard near his residence, surrounding which, for protection during the winter, is a tine natural grove. He has been at great pains to improve his place and his efforts in this direction have been well rewarded, for he has one of the neatest, prettiest and best kept farms in the county. He has devoted much of his attention to stockraisiug, has been an exceptionally successful farmer and deserves his suc- cess, for he has been industrious, faithful to his interests and honorable in all his methods. He enjoys a wide circle of friends, is deservedly popular with all classes, and in politics has always been connected with the Republican party, the principles of which he upholds at all times. He is decidedly public spirited, is interested in schools and churches and has done his full share in improving his section of the country. He and his wife have reared three children: Susanna, who was born May 31, 1865; Amanda, who was born December 29, 1868, is the wife of Noah Whisler, son of John H. Whisler, but in 1892 she was left a widow and is now at home with, her parents; Enos, was born on the 22d of October, 1875, is at home and assists on the farm. Mr. Musser is one of the influential citizens of his section. Owing to his earnest efforts he is now in good circumstances. During the winter mouths he operates a feed-mill one day in each week, it being run by steam. Mrs. Musser came to this section with an uncle, Jonas Weuger, who resided for a time in Harrison township, this county, but eventually went back to Canada. Joseph Musser, the youngest child of Isaac and Fannie (Shirk) Musser (see sketch in another part of this book), was born in Wayne county, Ohio, February 3, 1839, and until he attained his thirteenth year that county continued to be his home. He then came to Elkhart county, Ind., with his parents, and well remembers the long and tiresome journey thither. They "pitched their tent" on the identical farm on which Joseph is now living, and at once set to work to improve the farm which they had purchased; and not only succeeded in putting it in a good agricultural condi- tion, but greatly added to its value by the erection of substantial buildings suitable tor a farm, and by the building of good fences. The knowledge of books acquired by Joseph Musser was such as was afforded by the country schools of Ohio and Indi- ana, but he was an intelligent youth, made fair use of his opportunities, and became a well informed young man, capable of caring for others as well as himself, which he proceeded to do in 1861 by marrying Leah, the daughter of B. H. Curtis (see sketch of C. K. Curtis). Leah Curtis was born on May 27, 1844, in Canada, and was a child when her parents came to Elkhart county in 1857. She was chiefly reared in Olive township, and after her marriage she and Mr. Musser located on the old Musser homestead, which has been their home up to the present Joseph Mus- ser is the owner of 100 acres of well-improved land, the most of which is cleared and under cultivation, and is well improved with neat farm buildings. Mr. Musser is a thrifty tiller of the soil, and is one of the substantial citizens of his township and, as such, is considered by all who know him. In the past he has taken an act- ive interest in politic)*' affairs; is a stanch Republican. He assists with his means and influence all worthy enterprises, churches and schools especially receiving his patronage. He is a prominent member of the Mennonite Church, to which his wife also belongs, and in that faith they have reared their two children: Julia A., liorn July 20, 1862, l)ecame the wife of Ishmael Weaver, by whom she had three children — two boys and one girl — both of whom died; she is now the wife of Daniel Horst, and is living on a farm in Harrison township, the mother of one child, Clarence, who was born on April 5, 1891; and Fannie, who was born September 13, 1865, is the 692 PICTORIAL AND BIOGRAPUICAL wife of Isaac S. Good, of Harrison township, liy whom she hag two children, Elsie, born July 25, 1886, and Milo, born June 6, IS'JO. Joseph Musser's grandparents were John and Mary (Martin) Musser. His father was born in Lancaster county, Penn.jMay 29, 1812; was married iu Juniata county, and in 1835 removed to Wayne county, Ohio, where he tilled the soil until his removal to this county and State in 1852. The farm uu which they settled was cleared to some extent, and a log house was built thereon; and although they were compelled to work very hard for some time they were comfortable. The mother was a daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Shelby) Shirk, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of Lancaster county and the lat- ter of Bucks county. Joseph Shirk's father was Michael Shirk, and his wife was a daughter of John and Margaret Shelby, the maiden name of the latter being Yelous. Mrs. Fannie Musser was born in Pennsylvania July 28, 1815, and at about the age of twenty she was married and moved to Ohio by wagon, the journey thither occupy- ing seven or eight days. In that State the father died in May, 1864. His widow is now seveuty-seveu years of age, enjoys comparatively good health, and is in posses- sion of all her mental faculties. MiLO A. Smith. The State of Vermont is always suggestive of the honest, hard and rugged characters in human life. It presents to the mind pictures of the bold Green Mountain Boys and brave Ethan Allen before the gates of Ticonderoga. It •was people like those who won their independence from the British king and erected the basis of this great American nation. It is their descendants who have come out in the ^Yest and formed the nucleus, of a great territory and a great .people. Milo A. Smith, of South Bend, Ind., came of this stock. He was born in Rutland county. Vt. , in 1838. His father was also a native of the same county but his mother, whose maiden name was Sarah T. Hall, was born in Richmond, Va. Both, however, were of the good old English Puritan stock who had the courage in the cause of Christian liberty to break the heart strings which bound them to home and kindred and come to a "rock-bound coast" in search of a spot where they could exercise the true rights of man and womanhood. The father of Milo A. Smith took up the practice of law in his native State, a profession he followed for many years. His legal connections brought him to a certain extent into the political arena and he was elected for several successive terms to the State Legislature. When Milo was fourteen years old, his family came west locating first in Plymouth, Marshall county, Ind. This was 1852 and transportation facilities were not then what they are to-day. It is true, part of the trip was made by rail but the greater portion of the route was by water. Mr. Smith's stay iu Plymouth, however, was of but a few years' duration, but while there he resumed the practice of law and became a justice of the peace. In 1858 he removed to Mishawaka iu the same State, and here, too, he meted out justice to offenders from the judge's bench. Death, however, cut short his career in Misha- waka. He died there in 1862. His wife survived him twenty-one years, dying in 1883. Milo Smith was one of a family of six children. Like any lad of fourtpen, Milo enjoyed the novelty of his trip from the land of Green Mountains to the land of Hoosierdom. His education was received mainly in his old Vermont home. He did not come West to obtain an education but to grow up with the countiy and add his muscle and brain to the hosts striving to win fortune in new and untried iields. At the early age of eighteen, in 1856, he began his business career. Some induce- ments were" offered him aud he went south to Memphis, Tenn., where he engaged in the grocery and commission business. In that enterprise he showed his business ability, for he made a success of it and kept it in a healthy and prosperous condition until 1801. It was then the troublous times between the North and the South finally culminated in the Rebellion. There were many Northerners south of Mason and Dixon's line, and many were engaged in successful business enterprises. The war alarm reached their ears, but they could not believe the country was to be thrown into a fearful fratricidal war. But the boom of the cannon which fired upon Fort Sumter came, and its dreadful note could not be mistaken; it spoke in words too MEiWIRS OF INDIANA. 693 plain to be doubted that the crisis had come. Just at this time sickness and death caused Mr. Smith to return to Misbawaka, where he reniainpd until the spring of 1862. His ambition was too great, however, to permit of his staying in that small Indiana village. He became restless to once more engage in the selling of merchan- dise where the field was larger and where he had greater scope for success. He moved to Chicago and was soon established in the commission business, a field he had found very profitable while in the South. For four years was he thus occupied until 1866, when circumstances made it desirable for him to once more go back to Indiana. This time, however, he pitched his tent in South Beud, a town of some considerable prominence and only a short distance from his old home, Misbawaka. Here Mr. Smith opened a book and stationery store and there he has remained ever since. His business instinct led him to do this at a time when success was very promising. His establishment has grown steadilj^ and prospered and is to-day one of the leading mercantile enterprises of an enterprising town. Personally Mr. Smith is looked upon as one of the representative business men of South Bend. He has dealt fairly and honestly with his trade, and traits such as those coupled with keen business ability, knowing first how to buy goods, that he might sell them at a profit and still underbid his competitors, and studying carefully the wants of his custom- ers, could have but one result — success and prosperity in a high degree. This Mr. Smith has desired and this he has obtained. Milo A. Smith has been twice married, His first wife was Miss Helen Van Pelt, of Memphis to whom he was united in 1864. Four children were the result of this union, two boys and two girls. The former are named Milo H. and Clarence A. and the latter Annie and Helen M. In 1887 he escorted to the altar Miss Alice C. Patterson of Mason county, Ky., who at the time resided in South Bend and was a member of the Presbyterian Church. To a man of Mr. Smith's tastes clubs, orders, societies and politics can have but few charms. Being an American, he regards his franchise as a gift not to be cast away. He therefore votes conscientiously, but he has never been an office seeker nor a politician in any sense. As for societies, he is a member of the Masonic fraternity, and that covers the entire list. It is men like Milo A. Smith who are the strength and back- bone of this great country. Blood will surely tell, and men who come from the good old Puritan stock and are reared in an atmosphere of honesty, and good principles will assuredly make their mark in whatever field of life's labor fate may destine them to work. Dr. Reuben L. Lockwood. This eminent physician and worthy citizen springs from one of the earliest pioneer families of Elkhart county, for his father, Seylon Lockwood, came to this region in 1830 with his father, Samuel Lockwood, and made a settlement in Locke township prior to its organization. Seylon Lockwood was mar- ried to Frances Molebash, and by her became the father of six children, the eldest of whom was the subject of this sketch. The next was Elizabeth E., who became the wife of Samuel Stratton, of Elkhart; William F. is unmarried, and is attending the H. P. Medical College of Chicago; John W. is unmarried, and is a resident of Michigan; Lucy A., died in 1891, at the age of nineteen years; and A , who lives with the parents in Madison township, St. Joseph Co., Ind. Dr. Eeuben L. Lockwood was born in Locke township, Elkhart county, December 23, 1858, and on the old Lockwood homestead he was brought up, obtained a practical knowledge of agricultural pursuits, and learned lessons which have largely assisted in bringing about his present success. During the winter months he found time to attend the district schools in the vicinity of his rural home, but he was quick to grasp at new ideas, and made fair progress iu his studies. He remained at home until he attained the age of twenty-one years, when he began working at the carpenter's trade, and followed this calling for four years. At the end of this time he began learning teleg- raphy in an oflSce of the Chicago & West Michigan Railroad, after which he went to Kansas, and remained a resident of the Sunflower State for about one year. Returning to his old home in Indiana, he began the study of medicine in the oflice of 694 PICTORIAL JLM) BIOGRAPHICAL Dr. H. A. Miman, now of Elkhart, but then of Nappanee, and after a year thus spent he entered the H. P. College of Cleveland, Ohio, which be attended from 1886 to 1888, graduating in the latter year. He at once opened an office at Wakarusa, and since that time has built up a paying practice, for the people soon came to recognize the fact that he is well posted in his profession, that he was skillful, and that he was a faithful and conscientious practitioner. His reputation has gone abroad, and among his medical brethren he is often consulted, and highly valued. From the onerous and laborious duties of his profession, he has found time to interest himself in public matters, and ranks among the foremost in supporting measures which are designed to benefit the county. He has always been a Democrat in politics, as were his father and grandfather before him, and his services to his party were recognized in 1892 by his election to the position of county commissioner. His practice extends all over Elkhart and St. Joseph counties, and is especially large in the township where he was born and reared. He has been more than ordinarily successful in the treatment of rheumatism, but is an excellent and reliable all around physician, of which fact the public is thoroughly aware. He is unmarried. William Inwood, vice-president of the Sandage Steel Skein Company, of South Bend, was born in Center township, St. Joseph count}% Ind., October 1, 1847, a son of Eichard and Catherine (Kush) Inwood, the former a native of England, the latter of Ohio. The Rush family were pioneers of Pennsylvania and there settled on a Tomahawk claim. Benjamin Rush, an early member of this family, was a prominent man of his day and was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The family removed from Pennsylvania to Ohio and settled in the vicinity of Dayton, but some of the name are still residents of the Keystone State. The maternal grand- father, Leonard Rush, had two sons, Jacob and Israel, Jr., who came from Ohio to St. Joseph county, Ind., about 1830 and located in what is now Olive township, on Terre Coupee Prairie, of which they were among the very first settlers, and where they entered quite a large tract of land, theirs being among the first land entries on record. Jacob Rush plowed the first furrow on this prairie and was the first to cultivate the land in that section. Israel Rush built the first log cabin there, and soon afterward their father followed and took up his residence with them. The Black Hawk Indians were still numerous throughout that region, and at one time a fort was erected for protection against them, iiut their alarm was needless and the whites were never molested. Jacob Rush took a contract from the Government to open the Michigan Military Road, receiving in return therefor 160 acres of land for each mile of road opened. He opened this celebrated road from Plymouth to South Bend and the old homestead was a part of the grant. Leonard Rush was subse- quently elected to the position of State representative. The grandfather Rush became the father of twelve children and accumulated a comfortable fortune, being at one time the owner of 3,000 acres of land in northern Indiana, the most of which was in St. Joseph county. He died on Terre Coupee Prairie. Eichard Inwood, the father of the immediate subject of this sketch, was born in Holy Born, England, not far from the city of London, and when twenty- one years of age, in company with his brother William and two sisters, set sail for America in search of their fortunes. He went at once to Ohio, in which State he found himself in 1832, but the following year moved to St. Joseph county, Ind., leaving his two sisters in Ohio. A few months after settling in St. Joseph county, his brother William started for Ohio to bring the sisters to their new home, and on the way there was murdered near Fort Wayne, his corpse being found some three months after. Richard located in Mishawaka, where he secured employment in the iron works as a clerk. He subsequently became a partner in the mercantile establishment of Rush, Garst & Co., and continued thus associated for a number of years. Later he removed to a farm in Center township, to which occupation he devoted his attention for a few years, then retired from the active duties of life and until his death, January 9, 1878, was a resident of South Bend. His first wife died in 1858, having borne MEMOIRS OF ISDIA^A. 695 him three childrea: George, of Vancouver, British Columbia; William, the subject of this sketch, and Mary, wife of George Matthews. His second union resulted in the birth of one child: Richard G., who is now a practicing lawyer in South Bend. William luwood's early life was spent like that of the average farmer's boy; that is, he attended school during the winter months and assisted his father on the farm in the summer time. Upon starting out in life for himself it was perhaps but natural that he should choose that of farming, to which he had been reared, and to this occupation his attention was devoted with remarkable success until ISSl, when he moved to South Bend and engaged in the coal, wood and lime business and at one time ran two of the principal yards in the city. In 1887 he purchased an interest in the Sandage Steel Skein Works and was shortly afterward made its vice-president, which position he has held ever since. This busine.ss has been very successful under its present management and Mr. Inwood has personally made a success of his career. He owns a fine farm in Greene township, which he looks after in connection with his other business. His success is attributable not only to innate business tact, but by his strict attention to his own affairs, by his never-failing courtesy and by his desire to do right by every one, be they poor or rich, man, woman or child. On September 7. 1875, he was mar- ried to Miss Maggie Byers, a native of St. Joseph county, by whom he has four children: John R. , Nellie, Paul B. and Carrie M. Mr. Inwood is a member of the A. F. & A. M., the K. O. T. M., the A. O. U. W., the Grangers, and is a trustee of Grace Methodist Episcopal Church. He has always been a Republican in his political views. JoH.s ScHwix was born April 16, 1827, in Canton Berne, Switzerland, and although but five years of age when he came with his parents to America can well remember the appearance of the low house, with its steep, tiled roof, in which his father lived, the journey along the road to the Schaffhousen, and an immense oak tree, twenty-seven feet in circumference. The family took passage at Havre. France, in a sailing vessel, and landed in New York, the voyage occupying about thirty-six days. They took the route to the W^est via Albany & Erie Canal and Lake Erie from Buffalo to Cleveland. They first settled on land in Wayne county. Ohio, remained one year, and then moved to another farm in the same county, on which they resided for some time. After several removals Jacob Schwin bought a small farm in Wayne county and died on it January 13, 1854, when sixty-five years of age. His son, John Schwin (our subject), received but little education, and at an early age was obliged to assist with the farm work. His father was a poor man and a stranger in a strange land, with no trade or profession. Although both him- self and wife were strong and healthy they had a severe struggle to bring up their large family of eleven children, and the boys were put out to work at the early age of ten years with a farmer in Wayne county. Ohio. John Schwin worked for different farmers until grown, and received his limited scholastic training in the country schools of his day. The people with whom he lived were Amish and kind- hearted, but did not believe in much book-learning and preferred to teach him to work. He was married in Wayne county. Ohio, to Miss Mary A. Speicher. daugh- ter of Jonathan and Elizabeth (Yergiu) Speicher. Mr. Speicher was born in Penn- sylvania and was of German descent. He was the father of ten children by two wives — five by each union. The children bom to the first marriage were named as follows: Mary A., Frances. David, Catherine and Eliza. After the death of this wife Mr. Speicher married Miss Elizabeth W^eiler. who bore him five children: Harriet, Rebecca, Rosannah. William and Emily. Mr. Speicher is still living, resides in Wayne county, Ohio, and is eighty-live years of awe. He and wife are members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church, of which he was deacon for many years. In 1855. when twenty-eight years of age, Mr. Schwin came to Elk- hart county, Ind., and settled one and a half miles south of Goshen, where he resided three and a half years. In 1858 he went to Iowa, settled in Blackhawk 696 PICTORIAL AND BI06HAPIIICAL county, but one year later returned to Elkhart county and bought fifty-two acres of land, where he now resides. This land had no improvements and Mr. Schwin went actively to work to clear and develop his farm. Many years of hard work followed, and as he had nothing to start with it may naturally be supposed that his road was anything but an easy one to travel. Although he met with many reverses and much to discourage him he never gave up and is now the owner of 168 acres of excellent land — one of the best farms in the county. It is all cleared and improved and is ornamented by a fine residence, an excellent barn and sub- stantial outbuildings. Everything about the place indicates to the beholder that an experienced and progressive hand is at the helm. His marriage has been blessed by the birth of eight children: Leo F., Emma L., John E., May A., Clement R., Ida M., Payson JE. (who married Kate Boyd) and Anna B. (died January 1, 1878, aged nine years, eleven months and eighteen days). Leo. F. married Miss Ella Brown. He is connected with Arbuckle, Ryan & Co., of Toledo, Ohio, and is their collector. Emma L. married Joseph F. Nusbaum, a druggist of Middlebury, and is the mother of two children. John E. is a carpenter at Ft. Scott, Kas. ; he married Miss Frances Mead. May A. married Rev. F. P. Blakemore, a Methodist preacher of Butler, Mo., and they have three children. Clement R. married INlisa Grace Hosteter, has one child and is tilling the soil on the home place, and Ida M. married De Alton Rheubottom. editor of the Middlebury Independent, and they have two children. Mr. and Mrs. Schwin are active members of the Lutheran Church and he has been deacon for twenty-five years. A Republican in politics, Mr. Schwio has held the office of assessor for four years and is a man in whom the people repose the utmost confidence. He has settled many estates and is widely known. His mother was a woman of a superior order of intellect, her standards all high, her influence always elevating. Her highest ambition was a mother's — to instill the principles of truth and justice into the mind of her children and to make each a worthy and useful member of society. To her Mr. Schwin believes he owes his integrity of character and much of his success. She had a wonderful constitution, and although she endured many hardships in rearing her large family she reached the unusual age of eighty-three years five months and two days, dying July 17, 1877. She was a devout member of the Albright Church, and her memory is still revered. Payson E. Schwin, one of the sons of John Schwin, is a graduate of a veterinary college at Toronto, Canada, and stood highest in a class of 300 students, receiving a gold medal for his proficiency — the first ever awarded to any other than a Canadian. He is now practicing his profession with success at Elkhart, Ind. Jacob Schwin, the father of our subject, was a soldier in Napoleon Bonaparte's army, was in the Russian campaign, and was at the burning of Moscow, and was captured by the Russians. J.\coB D. PippENGER is a SOU of Daniel E. and Elizabeth (Stander) Pippenger, and was born on the farm on which he is at present residing on May 9, 1860, being the eighth in a family of ten children. He received only the advantages of the common schools in the winter months after he had Ijecome old enough to assist on the farm, but possessing a naturally bright intellect, he made the most of his oppor- tunities and became a good scholar. When he was twenty years of age he decided that he was competent to make his own way in the world, and as farming was the occupation with which he was most familiar, he began following that iu Jackson township but two years later went to Union township, where he remained four years. At the end of this time he purchased the old home of his parents (in July, 18S5) and now has one of the best improved tracts of land in the county, which desirable state of affairs he assisted iu bringing about in his youth. The place contains eighty acres and as ever^' nook and cranny is carefully looked after, it yields a larger income than many larger farms. He is engaged in a general line of farming, and etockraising is a branch to which he gives considerable attention. He is one of the most enterprising young farmers of the county and has been decidedly successful in MEMOIRS OF INDIANA. 697 this calling. His marriage, which occurred August 19, 1880, was to Miss Sallie T. Stump, daughter of Solomon Stump, a sketch of whom appears in this work, and on whose farm she was born on November 29, 1859, lieing his second child. Like her husband she received her education in the common country schools, and both are members of the German Baptist Church. Their union has resulted in the birth of a daughter, Susan M., who was born in Union township on May 16, 1883, and is at present attending the common schools near her home. Mr. Pippenger is a pro- nounced Democrat, and being quite a reader, keeps himself well posted on the cur- rent issues of the day. He is by no means backward in the use of his means, but gives liberalh^ to schools, churches, etc., in fact, all things tending to improve the county receive his hearty support. His home is a most desirable one, being hand- some, convenient and commodious, and his handsome barns and well-kept out-build- ings present a fine appearance, and are an indication of the enterprise and practical intelligence of the man. John Luke. Nowhere within the limits of Elkhart county, Ind., can there be found a man who takes greater interest in its agricultural affairs than John Luke, or who strives more continually to promote and advance these interests. Every life has a history of its own, and although in appearance it may possess little to distin- guish it from others, yet the connection of Mr. Luke with the agricultural interests of this region has contributed to give him a wide and popular acquaintance with nearly every citizen of the county, if not personally, then by name. He was born in Holmes county, Ohio, on the old homestead, April 18, 1826, and is of German descent, both of his grandfathers having been natives of that country. After emi- grating to this country they settled in Jefferson county, Penn., where they became well-known and prominent citizens. The paternal grandfather reared the following children: Margaret (a Mrs. Fisher), Jacob, George and John. The last named was the father of our subject. He was born in Jefferson county, Penn., and his educa- tional advantages were confined to the common schools. After growing up, he se- lected agricultural pursuits as his calling in life and went to Holmes county, Ohio, where he was among the very first settlers. He cleared up a farm of 160 acres, made a good home, and to this brought his bride, Magdalena Shutt, also of German descent. Five children were born to this marriage: Peter, Jacob, John, Daniel (who was accidentally killed at the age of fifteen) and Susan. Mr. Luke resided on this farm the remainder of his days and lived to be eighty-five years of age. He was a substantial farmer and a man of irreproachable character. Besides his farm in Holmes county, Ohio, he owned another farm in Fulton county, that State, and was well and favorably known. His son, John Luke, subject of this sketch, ac- quired his knowledge of books in the common schools of his day and when but a boy began learning the blacksmith's trade. On April 5, 1850, when twenty-four years of age, he was married in Holmes county, Ohio, to Miss Sarah Schrock, who was born Maj', 13, 1831, and who was the daughter of John C. and Katie (Hoch- stetler) Schrock. Nine children were the fruits of this union: Susannah, born February 1. 1851; Josiah, born March 3, 1853; William M., born July 13, 1855; John, born October 29, 1856; Sevilla, born February 12, 1859; Marj-, liorn Febru- ary 16, 1861; Jacob, born March 16, 1863; Peter, born August 13, 1866, and El- mira, born August 4, 1868. For fourteen years after his marriage Mr. Luke fol- lowe