?)T Pass r-'M- Rnnk -MZ^S MANCHESTER. V --— A BRIEF RECORD OF ITS PAST AND A PICTURE OF ITS PRESENT, INCLUDING AN ACCOUNT OF ITS SETTLEMENT AND OF TTS GROWTH AS TOWN AND CITY: A HISTOR Y OF ITS SCHOOLS, CHURCHES, SOCIETIES, BANKS. POST-OFFICES, NEWSPA- PERS AND MANUFACTURES; A DESCRIPTION OF ITS GOVERNMENT, POLICE AND FIRE DEPARTMENT, PUBLIC BUILDINGS, LIBRARY, WATER-WORKS, CEMETERIES, STREETS, STREAMS, RAILWA YS AND BRIDGES; A COMPLETE LIST OF THE SELECTMEN, MODERATORS AND CLERKS OF THE TOWN AND MEMBERS OF THE COUNCILS, MARSHALS AND ENGIN- EERS OF THE CITY, WITH THE STATE OF THE VOTE FOR MAYOR AT EACH ELECTION; THE STORY OF ITS PART IN THE WAR OF THE REBEL- LION WITH A COMPLETE LIST OF ALL ITS SOLDIERS WHO WENT TO THE WAR; AND SKETCHES OF ITS ItEPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS. THIRTY- EIGHT STEEL AND Er^HTESN WOOD ENGRAVINGS OF ITS PROMINENT MjSN AND IJUTLDINGS. MANCHESTER, N. H. : JOHN B. CLARKE, 1875. /^'ff- Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1875, by JOHN B. CLARKE, in the offlce of tlie Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. IN EXCHANGE N. Y. State Lib, OEC 7 , 1915 ^i.V. S+^-Vt Ui lo >r?\ r 7 Mirror Office : JOHN B. CLARKE, MAKCHESTKR, N. H. PREFACE This book is designed to answer the question, " What has Man- chester been and what is it to-day V " It aims to record briefly the circumstances of its origin and growth as the background to a picture of its present life. The credit of collecting and writing its contents, under my su- pervision, belongs to my nephew, Maurice D. Clarke. The sour- ces have been many from wliich inlbrmation has been obtained and the chance for inaccuracy has been therefore great. Rec- ords have been found to err, personal recollections have conflict- ed, but comparison of difierent authorities has been made when possible and accuracy has been sought if not reached. The lirst tvventy-four pages were condensed from Judge Potter's "History of Manchester " and the list of town and city officei's had been prepared by Judge Isaac W. Smith when he revised the city ordinances. The writer acknowledges indebtedness, also, to the ofRcers of the corporations, banks, churches and societies ; to Ex- Gov. E. A. Straw, Ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth, Col. Phinehas Adams and the city clerk, Joseph E. Bennett, for valuable infor- mation; to Charles H. Marshall, librarian of the public library, for unusual privileges ; to the Hon. Joseph W. Fellows, an acknowledged authority upon Freemasonry; to Sylvester C. Gould, whose large collection of documents bearing upon the city's early years has been the source from which much has been drawn ; and, in general, to the lion. Jacob F. James, Joseph G. Edgerly, Joseph L. Stevens, D. K. Mack, R. II. Hassam and (Very many others whom there is no space to enumerate. .lune, IS?.'). . ERRATA. Page 30, line 14, read March for October. Page 169, line 23, read Presbyterian for Congregational. Page 193, lines 21, 29, 31, read Alphonso for Alpheus. Page 273, line 14, read 1842 for 1852. Page 273, line 20, read l8ol for 1841. Page 327, line 19, read 1844 for 1845. CONTENTS. The Early History— 1622-1751 9 Derryfield— 1751-1810 15 Manchester— A Town— 1810-1846 23 Manchester— A City— 1846-1875 41 The City of To-Day , 65 Schools 109 Religious and Benevolent Societies 127 Miscellaneous Societies 211 Post-Offices, Banks and Insurance Companies 249 Manufactures 267 Newspapers 323 Manchester in the Rebellion 339 Residences 471 Representative Men 373 Index 445 ILLUSTRATIONS. portrait of Col. Phinehas Adams to face page 10 William Amory. 16 Amoskeag Manutaciuring Companj^'s Mills — View from the AVest side of the River 24 Portrait of Charles E. Bak-h 82 the Hon. Charles H. Bartlett 40 Joseph E. Bennett 48 Aretas Blood 56 Dr. W. W. Brown 64 the Hon. David A. Bunton 72 Amoskeag Manufactnriiig Company — Dam and Gate-Honse.. 78 Court-Honse 82 Publie Liln-ary 88 Manchester Water-Works — Pumping Station 1)4 Location of the Dam, Races, etc.. 104 Details of Peustock 112 Details of Dam 120 Section of Pnmping-Station and Pumps 1 28 Plan of Pumpiug-Station and Pumps 136 Details of Reservoir 144 Portrait of the Hon. G. Byron Chandler 152 the Hon. P. C. Cheney 160 the Hon. Joseph B. Clark I(i8 the Hon. L. W. Clark 176 John B. Clarke 184 the Hon. William C. Clarke 192 Dr. Josiah Crosby' 200 the Hon. Moody Currier 208 Col. M. V. B. Edgerly 216 Portrait of the Hon. Moses Fellows 224 the Hon. Herman Foster 232 the Hon. E. W. Harrington 240 Gen. Natt Head 248 the Hon . John Hosley -2i'A] the Hon. Jacob F. James 264 Amoskeag Mannfacturing Company — Counting-Housc and Buildings on Upper Canal 272 Amoskeag Manufacturing Company's Mills — Lower Yard 280 Stark Miils 288 Portrait of the Hon. Warren L. Lane 296 Amoskeag Manufacturing Company — Machine-Shops and Lower Mill-Yard 804 Amoskeag Manufacturing Company — Lumber-Yard, Mechan- ics' Eow, Gate-House and Dam 312 Portrait of Col. B. F. Martin 320 the Hon. John P. Kewell 328 A. P. Olzendam 336 the Hon. Nathan Parker 344 the Hon. C. E. Potter 352 Gen. William P. Riddle 360 Eesidence of Ex-Gov. Frederick Smyth 370 Portrait of Col. Waterman Smith 376 the Hon. Frederick Smyth 384 the Hon. C. W. Stanley 392 the Hon. E. A. Straw 400 D. B. Varney 408 Residence of Col. B. F. Martin 416 Portrait of the Rev. C. W. Wallace 424 Residence of Col. Waterman Smith 430 Portrait of the Hon. James A. Weston 440 THE EARLY HISTORY. 1622 — 1751. f^X^ RECORD of the City of Manchester may be written ^M^=in one sentence, of which a history is the expan- ^'>>^h sion. After an embryonic life of years it was born in 1751, attained its majority in 1846, and is in the prime of manhood to-day. The land on which it stands was shared with several towns till the beginning of its individ- ual life, and the history of this territory is for some dis- tance identical with that of the state of which it forms a part. Among the speculators whom the discovery of a western continent produced in the old world were Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. John Mason, who obtained from the English government in 1622 a grant of land which in- cluded the greater part of New Hampshire. They subse- quently dissolved partnership and Mason became the sole proprietor of the land west of the Piscataqua river, deriv- ing his title from the king of England, who professed to be the owner. On the other hand, the Rev. John Wheel- wright of Braintree, Mass., obtained. May 17, 1629, from Passaconnaway, the head of the Pennacook Indians, and three other chiefs, whom he deemed the proprietors by right, a deed of the southern part of the state, which en- closed a large piece of Mason's grant, and, banished by the Puritans from Massachusetts on account of his religion. 10 Manchester. settled in Exeter. The dispute between tliese claimants descended to their heirs and was the seed of much strife. The first settlement of Londonderry was made in 1719 by Scotch Irish people, who obtained from John, the grand- son of the Rev. John Wheelwright, a deed dated October 20, 1719, which conveyed to them a tract of land ten miles square, in what was known as the "chestnut country" from the abundance of its chestnut trees, which also gave the name of "Nutfield" to Londonderry. To them in 1722 the governor of the province made a grant which was the third within the present limits of Manchester. The lirst was a gift in 1663 to the Indian chief, Passaconnaway, who had been reduced to poverty, and the second, which included nearly half of Manchester and was the ancient Chester, was made by the governor in 1720 to a number of men Avho, wrongly supposing the settlers of Londonderry to be Irishmen and Roman Catholics, were anxious to obtain beforehand the territory on which the latter had settled. Their plan was thwarted by their ignorance of civil engin- eering and their consequent inability to fit their deed to the land in question. The Presbyterian settlers of Londonderry had played much the same part in Scotland as the Puritans in England. Persecuted by Episcopalians and Roman Catholics, they sought a refuge in the north of Ireland, and, after fighting for their religious rights and enduring the memorable siege of Londonderry, followed the Puritans to the new world, coming to Boston in 1718 and to Londonderry tlic next year, introducing in this connti-y the cultivation of the po- tato and the spinning of flax. They were eminently men of energy, independence and a bluff honesty, and of them were the first settlers of Manchester in 1722. Till then the territory of the latter town had been occu- ])ied by Indian tribes, of whom the Namaoskeags, who were subject to the Pcnnacooks, dwelt around Amoskeag Falls. c^VdO/r/zS Early History: 1022-1751. 11 Namaoskeag — the place of iniicli fish — originally meant the series of falls and rapids from Concord to Nashua, in all of which fish had abounded, Ijut the latter at length were found in plenty only at Amoskeag and the name was therefore restricted to that place. Here the Rev, John Eliot, the "Apostle to the Indians," preached about 1651 ; here, later, Simon Betogkom, a Christian Indian, exhorted his fellows ; and here were supported by the converted sav- ages the first preaching and school in the state north of Exeter. The river at this point overflowed, in the season, with salmon, shad, ale wives and lamprey-eels going up the river to spawn; the alewives vanishing in the small rivu- lets above the Falls, the eels seeking the pebbly bottoms, the salmon and shad separating at the forks at Franklin to ascend, the one the Femigewasset and the other the Winnipisseogee. These fisheries the proprietors of Londonderry had meant to secure in their grant, but their ignorance of the country made their surveys faulty, and a strip of land be- tween the then line of Chester and the Merrimack, a little over a mile wide and eight miles in length, extending from what is now Hooksett to Fiitchfield, was left outside of any provincial grant. This piece of land, on which the mills and stores of Manchester stand to-day, was called Harry- town. In 1722, John Croffe, jr., and his brothers-in-law, Edward Lingfield and Benjamin Kidder, men from Massachusetts who were related to the Londonderry settlers, built foi' themselves houses ori Cohas brook, being the first known inhabitants within the present city. Goffe lived on the north bank of the brook nearly opposite the falls to which he has left his name. As early as 1729 people from Mas- sachusetts had made settlements upon the ungranted land near Amoskeag Falls and, to establish the right of London- derry to the place, in 17oo xVrchibald Stark (the father of 12 Manchester. the Revohitionaij hero), John McNeil and John Riddell (as the name was then spelt) went from that town to oc- cupy lands near the Falls, Stark settling upon the "Stark place," McNeil upon the "Kidder farm," and Riddell upon the "Ray farm." These were the first known white settlers near Amoskeag Falls. All the New Hampshire settlements had been usurped in 1658 by Massachusetts, but in 1(JT9 New Hampshire was made a royal province. In 1686, however, it was united with the rest of the colonies into New England and made a province subordinate to Massachusetts authority. In 1733 seven tracts of land in New Hampshire were granted to soldiers in the Narragansett War of 1675 under the name of "Narragansett townships." The southeastern part of Narragansett No. TV included the village of Amoskeag and was the fourth grant of land within the limits of Man- chester. Narragansett No. V included what is now Fiscata- quog village and was the fifth grant. In 1735 Massachu- setts granted also a tract of land on the east side of the Merrimack, three miles wide and extending from Suncook to Litchfield, to Major Ephraim Hildreth, John Shepley and other soldiers who had fought the Indians in 1703 under Captain William Tyng, in whose honor the place was named Tyngstown. It included the old Harrytown and was the sixth grant within Manchester's limits. Major Hildreth, in 1735 or 1736, built upon the Cohas, a little east of Harvey's mills, a saw-mill, the first mill of any kind in Manchester. A settlement grew up there, and a meeting-house was built in the vicinity which was after- wards destroyed by sparks from l)urning woods. But the feuds between the New England Puritans and the Scotch Presbyterians prevented the permanent establishment of church or school. During all this time there had been continual contro- versy as to the boundary line between New Hampshire ajid Early History: 1622-1751. 13 Massachusetts, which was settled in 1740 by cutting off from Massachusetts tweuty-six townships which she had claimed as hers, among which was Tyngstown. The next year New Hampshire was made a separate province and Benning Wentworth governor. In the French and Indian War, which began in 1746 and was concluded by the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, the settlers took a worthy part, building a fort at the outlet of what is now Nutt's pond, a place central to the three settlements at Amoskeag, Gofife's Falls and what are now Webster's mills. At the latter place John McMurphy and his son Alexander had built in 1742 a saw-mill, with some idea that iron ore might be mined in that vicinity. In 1746 Captain Mason sold his claim to a number of men, who gave up the title to their lands in incorporated towns, but the people of Harrytown and the Narragansett townships were obliged to pay them a small sum. About this time the settlers on this ungranted tract became desir- ous of living in a town of their own, and, as it was too small to make a township Avithout additions, the latter were obtained by subtraction from others adjacent. So, at a mating of the governor and council, September 3, 1751, a charter was granted, under the name of Derryfield, to a ter- ritory which enclosed eighteen square miles of the south- west part of Chester, nine square miles of the northwest part of Londonderry, and eight square miles of Harry- town, thirty-five miles in all, making a township of irregu- lar shape and various soils. The north part of Harrytown, called Henrysburg or Henry sborough, was left ungranted but was annexed in 1792. The charter was written in the name of the king of England, George II, and signed by the governor, Benning Wentworth. The name of Derry- field is said to have been given to the new township be- cause the people of Derry had been used to pasture their cows within it. DERRYFIELD. 1751 — 1810. HE first meeting of the inhabitants of the new-born town was held September 9, 1751, at the house of John Hall, a tavern-keeper living at what is now known as "Manchester Centre," and in that vicinity they continued to assemble till 1840. At that meeting were chosen five selectmen, a town-clerk, two auditors, a con- stable, two tithing-men, two surveyors of highways, two invoice men, two haywards, two dcerkeepers, a culler of staves and a surveyor of lumber. Between the third day of March and the twenty-second of tlie next Febivuary eleven roads were laid out, of which eight were wholly or in part new. The Seven Years' War, between the British and French, began in 1754 and lasted till 1761, and in it the men of Derryfield bore a prominent part, the "Rangers," under command of Col. John Goffe, Capt. Robert Rogers and Capt. John Stark, being especially noted. It is a curious fact that Col. Goffe's men, dressed in odd clothes, wearing their hair long or tied in queues, their heads protected by woolen nightcaps, suggested to Dr. Shackburg, a surgeon in the British regular army, the idea of writing to a tune called " Nankey Doodle," which had come down from CromwclUs time, a song in derision of these nondescripts, changing "Nankey" to "Yankey" and thus originating the title of the popular air of to-day. 16 Manchester. At the close of this war a day of rest and prosperity, dawned upon the New England colonies, though its light was faint in Derryfield. Its settlers were enticed from their farms by the fisheries, the thrift which belongs to agricultuLe was wanting, and the Scotch Presbyterians and English Puritans, whose union the war had cemented, broke apart and quarreled. At the town-meeting in 1751 money had been appropriated to pay for preaching, but it does not appear that a preacher was hired. At a meeting in 1753 certain barns were designated as places of worship and a call was extended to Alexander McDowell, but he seems to have made no reply. In 1754 the town voted to build a meeting-house at the Centre. The frame was put up in 1758 and from that time till 1766 there was a con- tinual quarrel about the support of preaching and the loca- tion of the house. The popular feeling was deeply stirred and the resolves of one meeting were vetoed at the next. This condition of affairs bore its natural fruit in a depopu- lation of the town, there having been a decrease of one-fifth of the polls in the year which ended with March, 1766. At the town-meeting which was held on the third day of that month the party which favored the existing location of the meeting-house gathered in force with extreme punc- tuality and "went through the motions" in great haste, electing their own officers and then adjourning. When the other faction came upon the scene and learned what had happened, they also elected a full set of officers, claim- ing the previous proceedings illegal. This of necessity caused confusion, and the state legislature of that year, upon petition of a number of the citizens of Derryfield, passed a bill vacating the town-meetings of that year and ordering a special meeting on the thirteenth of August. At that time the party before victorious again triumphed, but, at a special meeting held December 22, their opponents carried the day and refused to vote money for preaching or lor anything else. (^^^-d^^^,^ Derryfield: 1751-1810. 17 This added to the trouble, but at the town-meeting held March 2, 1767, a compromise was probably made and a reconciliation effected between the two factions. Even during this sorry quarrel preaching had been maintained a part of each year, and in 1773 it was voted to hire the Rev. George Gilmore, but he neglected to reply to the invita- tion. The meeting-house, which by this time had been partially finished, was repaired in 1790 and the pews were sold. In 1792 the space in the gallery was sold but pews were never built in it and the building was never finished for a meeting-house. When the village on the river, which the Amoskeag Company started, grew up, it was voted to hold the town-meetings there, and the old house, in which the town had so long held its religious and secular meet- ings, was sold and converted into a dwelling-house. It is still standing next to the burying-ground on the road through the Centre. In 1771 New Hampshire was divided into five counties, and Derryfield was attached to one of them called Hills- borough in honor of Willis Hills, Earl of Hillsborough and a member of the privy council of George III. All the courts had hitherto been held at Portsmouth, but now Am- herst was made a shire town, and courts of general ses- sions, common pleas and probate established. The Hon. Samuel Blodget of Derryfield, to be widely known after- wards as the projector and builder of the Blodget canal, was made a "justice of the court of common pleas of the peace for Hillsborough county." Derryfield shared with the rest of the country the inspi- rations of tyranny and insult which aroused the colonists to the Revolutionary War in 1775, and endured, besides, provocations peculiar to itself and its vicinity. When the lands of New Hampshire were first granted, all the white pine trees, from fifteen to thirty-six inches in diameter, were reserved by the king to make masts for the royal 18 Manchester. navy. The trees which then grew in the valley of the Piscataquog river were well adapted for this purpose, one having gained in tradition the fame of such a size as to al- low a yoke of oxen to be driven on its stump. The busi- ness of cutting and hauling them became so extensive that the "Mast road" was built up the Piscataquog, through Goffstown and Weare, branching into New Boston. The laws of the province compelled all land-owners, before they cut their timber, to have marked by the appointed officer the trees which belonged to the king. If this were neglected, all the timber they cut that year was forfeited, and thus men who were unable to pay the surveyor were deprived in a moment of the results of a winter's work. When the news of the battle of Lexington in 1775 reached Derryfield, such was the state of popular feeling that the selectmen and thirty-four out of thirty-six men who were able to bear arms went at once to the war, leav- ing but two at home with the old and infirm. The records of the Revolutionary War relate the deeds of the men of Derryfield at Bunker Hill, Trenton, Princeton, Bennington, Saratoga, West Point and in various expeditions till the siege of Yorktown. Captain John Stark and his men were immortalized by their victory at Bennington, for which the former was made a brigadier-general by the Continental Congress. The signing of the articles of peace in 1783 was celebrated on the tenth of July by a general merry- making at Amoskeag Falls. At the beginning of trouble in 1775 Gov. Wentworth, departing the province, left the people to govern them- selves ; and the inhabitants of Hillsborough county, meet- ing b}^ delegates at Amherst, formed a system of govern- ment for the county, appointing men to act as justices of the peace and establishing a court of justice to be held at Amherst. Derryfield was governed under this system till the formation of the state government by a convention of Derryfield : 1751-1810. 19 delegates at Exeter in 1776. The latter was amended in different ways till the establishment of a permanent sys- tem in 1798. By this last Derryfield was classed with Litchfield for the clioice of a representative to the legisla- ture and at a joint meeting held March '25, 1793, Major John Webster of Derryfield was chosen tlie first represen- tative and it was voted to hold the annual meetings in each town alternately, and in Derryfield at the present residence of John P. Moore. The taxes wliich the war had imposed had been too bur- densome to allow a large expenditure for preaching, but at its close returning thrift and regard for education and mo- rality were marked at the Marcli meeting in 1784 by a lib- eral appropriation for preaching and schooling, and it was voted to divide the town into four school districts. From that time till the mills were built on the Merrimack the town made a continual advance. The state assessed in 1791 a tax upon the towns for educational purposes, but not until 1795 was there a school-house in Derryfield, when one was built by private subscription on what was then the Falls road just in the rear of the present residence of the Hon. David Cross. In 1798 the town voted to buy that house and build two more, and in 1809 the districts were re-made and a house built at the Centre. In 1788 Derryfield cast her vote, in common with the whole country, for George Washington for President of the United States. In 1792 a number of men formed a corporation as the proprietors of the Amoskeag bridge, and the bridge was completed in September of that year. It crossed the Merrimack at the foot of Bridge street and was known as " McGregor's bridge," from Robert McGregor who lived just across the river in Goifstown. The same year Henrysburg was annexed and the town was visited by the small-pox. In 1793 tbe Hon. Samuel Blodgct, who was l)orn at 20 Manchester. Woburn, Mass., April 1, 1724, who had been a sutler in the colonial wars and the Revolution, a judge of the court of common pleas and a merchant with extensive business connections, took up his residence on the east bank of the Merrimack near Amoskeag Falls. He had conceived the idea of building around the latter a canal through which might be carried to market vast quantities of lumber from the forests which grew on the banks of the river. He be- gan work upon it May 2, 1794, building a basin from a point above the Falls to another nearly opposite the resi- dence of Samuel B. Kidder, and extending the canal thence to a point near the upper end of the Amoskeag Company's machine-shop. He lost time and money in a vain attempt to make practicable a lock of his own invention, and it was not until May 1, 1807, having spent all his own fortune and what money he could raise by lotteries, that he saw his work done. He died on the first day of September of the same year, and his canal, passing into the hands of the proprietors of the Middlesex canal, was of great benefit till the railroad destroyed its usefulness and it went to decay. Judge Blodget was a far-sighted man. He invited Bos- ton capitalists to build in Derryfield the mills which others erected thirty years after, and, in anticipation of their con- struction, he bought the clay lands where the well known Hooksett brick are uiade to-day. It is well written on his monument in the Valley Cemetery that he was "the pioneer of internal improvements in New Hampshire." In 1795 a number of citizens associated themselves to form a social library and in 1799 they were incorporated as "The Proprietors of the Social Library in Derryfield," when they had seventy-eight books, but the organization was subsequently dissolved. The town voted in 1800 to build a pound at the south end of the meeting-house lot at the Centre, which was used till 1830. In 1804 town-meeting day was changed from Dereyfield: 1751-1810. 21 the first Monday in March to the second Tuesday. In 1806 the town was divided into highway districts which remained the same till the adoption of the city charter in 1846. It had been proposed to build locks on Cohas brook to make it possible to float through it, to the Merrimack, the lumber which grew around Massabesic pond, and in 1803 the town voted to petition the legislature for an act of in- corporation to allow it to carry out the plan. The act was obtained, but in 1806 the town voted to leave the enter- prise to private individuals, and the next year took five shares of stock in the enterprise, after which there is no record of it. March 13, 1810, when the population of the town was six hundred and fifteen, and the first mill had just been built upon the river at Amoskeag, the town chose Thomas Stickney, John G. Moor and Amos Weston a committee to petition the legislature to change the name of Derryfield to Manchester, and the request was complied with at the June session of that year. The new name was chosen in compli- ment to Judge Blodget, who had said the tow^n would be- come "the Manchester of America." Mr. Weston was the father of the present governor of the state and mayor of the city — the Hon. James A. Weston. r MANCHESTER— A TOWN. 1810 — 1S46. 4^* r Phe record has thus far been of tlie natural urowtli of a town from causes which it possessed in com- mon with others, but is henceforth of such growth stimuhxted by foreign enterprise. In the early part of 1809 Benjamin Prichard, with Ephraim, David and Robert Ste- vens, built on the west side of Amoskeag Falls, in what was then Goffstown, a small mill, and, finding the burden too heavy for individual enterprise, formed the next year a joint stock company. This held its first meeting Januaiy 31, 1810, as "The Proprietors of the Amoskeag Cotton & "Wool Factory," and was incorporated in June of that year as the "Amoskeag Cotton and Woolen Manufacturing Com- pany." Its mill was forty feet square and two stories high. There was then no picker and the cotton was ginned in the neighborhood at four cents a pound. The machinery con- sisted only of spindles, and the yarns, at once the com- pany's dividends, the officers' salaries and the operatives' wages, were either sold as they were spun or woven for the company by the housewives of the town. The machinery ran till 1816 and then stood still till 1822, when Olney Robinson of Rhode Island bought the property and resumed business, being soon succeeded by Larncd Pitcher and Samuel Slater of Pawtncket, R. I. In 1825 they sold three-fifths to Willard Sayles and Lyman Tiffany, of the firm of Sayles, Tiffany & Hitchcock, — now 24 Manchester. ^ Gardner Brewer & Co., — Dr. Oliver Dean and Ira Gay. Dr. Dean became the agent of the company, coming to Amoskcag in 1826, when a new mill, called the "bell mill," and another on an adjacent island, were built. Thus be- gan an enterprise which assumed definite shape in 1831 by the incorporation of the " Amoskeag Manufacturing Com- pany." It bought the land for some distance on both sides of the river and subsequently gave it away or sold it to actual settlers, thus building a village. Controlling the water-power, it leased mill-sites to new corporations and thus added fresh stimulus to the growth already begun. Manchester furnished its quota in the war of 1812, and in 1815, after having made one vain request in 1811, was allowed by the legislature to be represented in that body by itself, instead of behig classed with other towns, and March 12, 1816, Isaac Huse was chosen as the first repre- sentative under the new allotment. The year 1821 is remarkable for the first known murder committed by a citizen of Manchester and recognized by the judicial authorities. On the fourth day of October of that year Daniel D. Farmer of Manchester murdered a worthless woman of Goffstown named Anna Ayer, by striking her on the head in a sudden fit of anger. He was arrested and committed to jail, and, by the court at Amherst in October, was found guilty and sentenced to be hung. The sentence was executed January 23, 1822. Major General John Stark, the hero of the Revolution, died May 8, 1822, aged nearly ninety-four years. He was buried in the presence of a large concourse of people, with military honors, in a private cemetery on the "Stark place," and the family erected over his remains a plain granite shaft. Thither the survivors of the late War of the Re- bellion make annual pilgrimage when they decorate the graves of their departed companions in arms. About this time the project of building the Mammoth ^'A Jlilil The Town: 1810-1846. 25 road sprang into existence, and with it a conti'ovcrsy which delayed its completion almost till it was made of little com- parative value by the construction of the Concord railway. It was intended for a more direct route from Concord to Lowell, was wanted by those towns, by several others and by the stage proprietors, but was opposed by Manchester and Londonderry because it would subject them to ex- pense and would be of no benefit to them. The road was first suggested in town-meeting in 1823, when an article authorizing its construction was voted down. It was ad- vocated again and again and was as often successfully op- posed till 1830, when the court ordered the town to build it. It was not, however, till 1834, after the court had threat- ened summary measures, that the town complied. In 1829 the town voted to divide the literary fund among the school districts and let each choose its own prudential committee. In 1834 the small-pox made some stir, and in 1836 the selectmen were authorized to convert the old meeting-house into a town-house. On the twenty-fourth day of October, 1838, occurred the first of four public sales of land by which the Amoskeag Company disposed of its possessions to men who were the builders of the conJng city. Some streets had been laid out already in this vicinity, but there were graded only Elm street from Central to Lowell, and Chestnut and Pine from Manchester to Lowell. The land which now is en- closed in Merrimack and Concord squares was reserved, and one hundred and forty-seven lots were sold between Elm, Lowell, Union and Hanover streets. The sound of hammer and saw was at once heard, and in January, 1839, Mrs. Anna Heyes of Londonderry built the first private house on the Company's land in the city proper, standing on the northwest corner of Concord and Chestnut streets. In this year and the next were built several of the blocks on Elm street, the Manchester House, the " (Governor Bell 26 Manchester. house," the one which was once owned by the Stark Mills and occupied by its agent and now used as the Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum, the First Congregational church and several other buildings on Hanover street. At the annual "Goffstown muster," September 24, 1839, Jeremiah Johnson, a member of the Manchester Rifle Com- pany, was killed in a general quarrol by Elbridge Ford. The latter was tried the next year, found guilty of man- slaughter and sentenced to the state prison for five years, but was pardoned at the end of three. During the summer of 1839 the number of people and houses had largely increased on account of the Amoskeag Company's first sale, and prices at the second, which oc- curred October 8, 1839, were much higher. The land sold was included between Elm, Hanover, Union and Merri- mack streets. After this second sale the village assumed such propor- tions that it soon became patent that the old regulations were ill adapted to existing needs, and at a special meet- ing, October 26, 1839, it was voted to establish a system of police and a board of health, and to take measures for protection against lire. The "new village," as the settle- ment upon the Company's land was now called, was allowed to nominate the fire-wards. The latter organized and bought a fire-engine called "Merrimack No. 1," and the first engine-house was built on Vine street. There was already in town an engine which was owned by the Stark Mills, and, as early as 1818, one had been bought by Piscat- aquog village, then a part of Bedford. In 1839 was established by John Caldwell "The Repre- sentative," the first newspaper published in ]\Ianchcster. It was a Democratic paper and its first number was issued October 18, and it appeared on subsequent Fridays till 1842. when it was sold and merged with "The Manchester Democrat." In this year the first ])olice officers were ap- pointed, four in number. The Town : 1810-1840. 27 The ill feeling between tiie dwellers in the old town and tliose in the new reached its height at the March meeting of 1840, when thirty constables had to be chosen to keep order before the other town officers could be elected. There were two sets of candidates, representing thus the old town and the new. The latter carried the day, and thereafter held the reins of government. In 1840, the Lowell-street Universalist church, the First Baptist cimrch (which stood on the corner of Manchester and Chestnut streets till swept off by the fire of 1870), a wooden chapel on Hanover street for the Second Methodist Episcopal society, and Granite bridge, were built ; the Am- oskeag Insurance Company was started ; "The Memorial" newspaper, and the "Manchester Workman," a campaign paper, were established by J. C. Emerson; the town was di- vided by the selectmen into nine school districts ; another small-pox excitement produced a general vaccination ; and Elm, Bridge, Lowell, Concord, Amherst, Hanover, Man- chester, Pine and Chestnut streets were laid out as far as they extended upon the Company's land. The population then was three thousand three hundred and twenty-five. In 1841 the first town-meeting was held in the new vil- lage in a hall on Amherst street. During this year the town voted to accept a deed of the Valley cemetery from the Amoskeag Company and bought of the latter for twen- ty-four hundred dollars the lot on the corner of Elm and Market streets where the city hall now stands. The same year a town-house was built upon it at a cost of seventeen thousand dollars. There were erected this year a large number of buildings, including school-houses in districts number three and four and what is now the old high-school house on Lowell street, the Freewill Baptist church on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut streets, and Union building on the corner of Elm and Market streets, which was the first one built by private individuals on the Com- 28 Manchester. pany's land west of Elm street. There was bought this year for a town farm the land of Moses Davis, which forms a part of the present farm, and there were laid out Vine street, parts of Merrimack, Union and Orange streets, and several back streets. In 1842 the first town-meeting was held in the new town- house, when it was voted to build reservoirs for fire pur- poses on the corner of Elm and Hanover streets and on Lowell street in front of Isaac Riddle's house. At this time the custom of printing the annual town reports was begun. In this year were built school-houses in districts number six and nine, a hook-and-ladder house where the Franklin street church now stands, and the Amoskeag Falls bridge ; and the Second JSIethodist Episcopal society, which had sold to the Unitarian society its wooden chapel on Hanover street, built a brick church on Elm street. This year was marked also by an especially liberal appro- priation for schools, by the organization of the Manchester Lyceum to provide annual lecture-courses, and l)y the trial- trip of the Concord railway, which occurred June 28, the road being opened to the public on the fourth of the next month. In this year was established by W. H. Kimball and Joseph Kidder "The Manchester Democrat," and several other newspapers were started this year and the next whose lease of life was shorter. In 1843 there was a temperance agitation and the town appointed a liquor-agent and instructed the selectmen to prosecute all violators of the license law, but the interest in the matter was temporary and the prosecutions were few. This year the town voted to fit up a house on the town farm as a house of correction and decided to build the " Hooksett road." The Ejjiscopal society Imilt a wooden church, then known as St. Michael's, on the corner of Low- ell and Pine streets, which has since given place to one of stone called Grace church. The Town: 1810-1846. 20 The year 1844 was an important one in the town's life. The Maiiehester Atheueum — the imcleus of tlic i)ul)lic library — was organized ; the legishiture passed a bill to al- low the Octolicr term of the court of common i)leas to be held in the town ; the custom of ringing the bell on the town-house as a summons to school was estaldishcd ; the Unitarian society, which had lK)ught of the Methodists their chapel on Hanover street, moved it to the corner of Pine and Merrimack streets and there established worship ; and on the twenty-sixth of September the third land sale of the Amoskeag Company took place, when the tract bounded by Elm, Merrimack, Union and Park streets was sold at prices in advance of those of the previous sales. On the twelfth of August the town-house was burned, and in less than three weeks the town voted to build another on the same spot. Carelessness kindled the fire, and, taught wisdom by its loss, the town voted to buy two new fire- engines, built new reservoire and enlarged the old ones, fitted the ponds on Merrimack and Hanover squares for use in case of fire, and appointed a committee to consider the sources of water supply. This committee reported, thirty years before the completion of the present water-works, that there was no water available for fire purposes nearer than Massabesic pond. The water of the latter, however, could not be brought to the town without subjecting it to an expense at that time Ijeyond its means. In the year 1845 the town took extraordinary strides in growth, and public imj)rovement kept pace. It gradually assumed greater dignity and was fast ripening into a city. The present city hall was built in October at a cost of thirty-five thousand dollars, after plans by Edward Shaw of Boston. In this year a committee was chosen at the town meeting to count the cost of a common sewer in Elm street, a board of engineers was established, the court of common pleas was held in the town for the first time, the 30 Manchester. Hon. Ira A. Eastman presiding, and the first town-meeting was held in the present eity liall. On the tliirtieth of Sep- tember occurred the fourth and last extensive land sale of the Anioskeag Company, when the land between Elm, Low- ell, Union and Orange streets was put into the market and still higher prices were obtained. In this year were started "The Independent Democrat," which was moved to Con- cord subsequently, and the "Saturday Messenger," which was united with "The American." But the event of all others in this year was known far and wide as the "Parker murder." Jonas L. Parker, who had been collector of taxes in 1844, was enticed from his house on Manchester street late in the evening of the twen- ty-sixth of October, 1845, by a man unknown to any one but Parker, on a plea that a lady wanted to see him in Janesville on urgent business. Betw^een this village and the more thickly settled part of the town was a piece of woods, and in them, near what is now the corner of Man- chester and Beech streets, Parker's body was found the next morning with the throat cut and other evidences of a murder. Most of the money he had with him was taken. The coroner, Joseph M. Rowell, summoned a jury, consist- ing of Daniel Clark, Dr. Charles Wells and Dr. D. J. Hoyt, who made a careful examination of great length. In 1848 Asa and Henry T. Wentworth, brothers, who had been con- nected with a Janesville tavern, were arrested in Saco, Maine, upon a suspicion of being the murderers, but they were discharged after an examination. In 1850, however, they were re-arrested, brought to Manchester and arraigned together with Horace Wentworth of Lowell and one Wil- liam C. Clark. The two latter were discharged after a long hearing and the others were held to answer farther. At the October term of court, however, the grand jury failed to find a bill against them and they were discharged, and the murderer is to this day unknown. TuR Town : 1810-1846. 31 111 1811) a sewer was Imilt tlirniioli Elm street from Bridge to Granite, and several more roads were laitl out in the compact part of the town. So largo an increase had there been in the nnmber of people that the town was able to send eight representatives to the general court. At the town-meeting held on the tenth of March a committee was chosen, consisting of David Gillis, Samuel D. Boll, Isaac Riddle, William C. Clarke, John A. Burnham, Luther Far- ley and Walter French, to petition the legislature for a city charter when they deemed it wise. They saw no cause for delay, and on the first of June, in accordance with their petition, the legislature passed an act to incorporate the City of Manchester, which was accepted by the town on the first of August by a vote of four hundred and eighty- five yeas and one hundred and thirty-four nays. The first election occurred August 19, when there were four candidates for mayor : — Hiram Brown, a Whig ; Wil- liam C. Clarke, a Democrat ; Thomas Brown, who was the Abolition candidate ; and William Shepherd. There were cast eleven hundred and seventy votes, and Hiram Brown, who received five hundred and sixtjMiine, lacked seventeen of the required majority. At this meeting, however, there were chosen aldermen, members of the common council, school committee, overseers of the poor and assessors. On the first day of September a second election for mayor took place, when there were four candidates: — Hiram Brown, a Whig; Isaac C. Flanders, a Democrat; Thomas Brown, an Abolitionist ; and John S. Wiggin. There were cast eleven hundred and fifty-four votes, and Hiram Brown, who received six hundred and two, was chosen by twenty- four majority. The city government was organized in the town-house, September 8, 1846, at ten o'clock in the fore- noon, in the presence of a large number of citizens. Moses Follows, chairman of the retiring board of selectmen, pre- sided, and i)rayer was offerGd by the Rev. C. W. Wallace, 32 Manchester. the senior clergyman of the city, after which the oatli of office was administered by the Hon. Dani(;l Clark to the mayor, and he in turn qualified the remaining members of the city government. After the delivery of an address by the mayor, the various boards met and organized by them- selves. The Hon. Samuel D. Bell was appointed by the governor and council justice of the police court, and Isaac Riddle and Joseph Cochran, jr., special justices, and George T. Clark was appointed city marshal by the mayor and aldermen. At that time the valuation of the town was $3,187,726; the tax-list for 1846 was $22,005.95; the number of polls, 2056 ; the number of inhabitants, 10,125. The Town : 1810-1846. 33 OFFICERS TOWN OF MANCHESTER * SELECTMEN. 1751. John GofFe, William Perham, Nathaniel Boyd, Daniel McNiel, Eleazer Wells. 1752. John Gofie, Archibald Stark, Alexander McMurphy. 1753. William Perham, Alexander McMurphy, John Riddell. 1754. William McClintock, Alexander McMurphy, John Hall. 1755. Daniel MclSTiel, Robert Anderson, John Harvey. 1756. Daniel MclSTiel, Robert Anderson, John Harvey 1757. Eleazer Robbins, Robert Anderson, Daniel McNiel. 1758. William Perham, William McCUntock, Abraham Merrill. 1759. William Perham, William McClintock, Abraham Merrill. 1760. William McClintock, Hugh Sterling, Abraham Merrill. 1761. William Perham, John Hall, Thomas Russ. 1762. William Perham, John Stark, John Moors. 1763. John Stark, William McClintock, John Moors. * Changed from Derryfleld in 1810. 34 Manchester. 1764. William McClintock, John Stiirk, John Moors. 1765. William Perham, AV^illiam McClintock, Abraham Merrill. 1766. ♦Alexander McMurphy, Ebenezer Stevens, John Hall, fDavid McKnight. 1767. Eleazer Bobbins, Alexander McClintock, Nathaniel Boyd. 1768. John Hall, John Gofte, John Harvey. 1769. William McClintock, Alexander McMurphy, John Moor. 1770. William McClintock, Alexander McMui-phy, John Moor. 1771. William McClintock, Alexander McMurphy John Moor. 1772. Alexander McMurphy, John Moor, William McClintock. 1773. John Stark, Samuel P>oyard Stevens, resigned. City Officers: 1846-1875. 1850-1. 1851-2. 47 MAYOR. MOSES FELLOWS. ALDERMEN. 1. Amasa Waterman. 2. Daniel Baleh. 3. John L. Bradford. 4. Isaac C. Flanders. 5. Samnel Dame. 6. William W. Baker. CITY CLERK. Frederick Smyth. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Holbrook Chandler, Theodore L. Hastings, Theodore T. Abbot. 2. David C. Batchelder, Charles Currier, William Reynolds. 3. Edward Hall, Lorenzo Dow, Joseph Wilson. 4. John H. Goodale, John L. Fitch, President^ Reuben D. Mooers. 5. Harry Leeds, Hilas Dicke}^, Joseph D, Emerson. 6. Isaac Marshall, Lewis Bartlett, Charles G. Morse. MAYOR. MOSES FELLOWS. ALDERMEN. Amasa Waterman. David Brigham. George Clark. George T. Mixer. Joseph W. Saunders. Peter Mitchell. CITY CLERK. Frederick Smyth. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Samuel Fish, Asa S. Trask, Erastus Dauielson. 2. George M. Stevens, Nathaniel Smith, Daniel C. Bent. 3. Daniel W. Fling, Isaac W. Smith, President, James Mitchell, jr. 4. Francis Reed, Daniel Haynes, Henry Clough. 5. James McCollej'', Benjamin Currier, Cyrus Sanborn. B. John L. Kelly, Daniel C. Gould, Israel Webster. Benjamin F. Ayer, Clerk. George A. French, Clerk. 48 Manchester. 1852-3. 1853-4. MAYOR. FREDERICK SMYTH. ALDERMEN. 1. Amasa Waterman. 2. David Briijhain. 3. Nahuni Baldwin. 4. Robert Moore. 5. Isaac Tompkins. 6. Ira W. Moore. MAYOR. FREDERICK SMYTH. ALDERMEN. 1. Amasa Watei'man. 2. Steplien Palmer. 3. Daniel W. Fling. 4. Robert Moore. 5. Samuel Dame. 6. Ira W. Moore. CITY CLERK. Georo:e A. French. CITY CLERK. Georsre A. French. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Samuel Fish, Asa S. Trask, Erastus Danielson. 2. George M. Stevens, John M. Harvey, Daniel C. Bent. 3. Isaac W. Smith, President, Daniel W. Fling, James Mitchell, jr. 4. Francis Reed, Henry Clough, John B. Goodwin. 5. James McCoUey, Benjamin Currier, Alpheus D. Burgess. 6. John L. Kelly, Stephen M. Baker, John P. Moox-e. Enoch N. Abbott, Clerk. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Sampson Clatur, Francis W. Holbrook, Davis Baker. 2. John M. Harvey, President, John C. Lyford, Orin B. Robinson. 3. Horace .Tolmson, George Q. Johnson, Ephraim Stevens. 4. John B. Goodwin, David J. Clark, William Patten. 5. Amherst Kimball, George AV. Merriam, Ninian Cochran. 6. Thomas Emerson, John P. Moore, Robert Baker. Enoch N. Abbott, Clerh* Isaac W. Smith, Clerk. * Resignetl Oct. 11, 1853; Isaac W. Smith electeil to till vacancy. M City Officers: 1846-1875. 49 1854-5. 1855-6. MAYOR. FREDERICK SMYTH. MAYOR. THEODORE T. ABBOT. ALDERMKN. ALDERMEN 1. Aniasa Waterman. 1. Joseph Knowlton, 2. John ^r. Harvey. 2. John M. Ilarvey. 3. Daniel W. Fling. 3. John S. Yeaton. 4. George A. Barnes, 4. Daniel C. Bent. 5. Isaac Tompkins. 5. Nathaniel Derrick. 6. Samuel B. Paige. 6. Justin Spear. 7. James Walker. 7. John Moulton. 8. Charles F. Davis. 8. Henry H. Fuller. CITY CLERK. George A. French. C03IM0N COUNCIL. CITY CLERK. George A. French. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Samuel J. Tilton, Jesse F. Angell, Ira Stone. 2. Samuel Gould, President, .lames M. Howe, Barnabas Hinds. 3. John R. Chandler, John T. Spofford, Frederick A, Morse. 4. John Prince, John S. Folsom, Andrew J. Butterfield. 5. Walter Neal, Moses O. Pearson, William Stearns. 6. William B. Bullard, Ephraim S. Harvey, Oliver Gould, 7. John B. Watson, David Spoft'ord, William J. Fisher. 8. James K. Stevens, Daniel A, Durgin, William Todd. Samuel D, Lord, Clerk. 1. Jesse F, Angell,* Francis W, Holbrook, Samuel J, Tilton, 2. John C, Lyford, Orin B, Robinson, Samuel Gould. 3. George Q. Johnson, Jacob Peavy, Hiram H. Kimball. 4. David J. Clark, President, Gilman H. Kimball, Benjamin F, Locke. 5. AViliiam E. Eastman, Jewett B, Eastman, Horace Pettee. 6. Nathaniel Baker, 2d, Thomas Emerson, Benjamin F. Mitchell. 7. Joseph B. Gage, William B. Patten, Philip Stark. 8. Enoch N. Ela, Thomas S. Montgomery, DeLafayette Robinson. Isaac W. Smith,t Clerk. Samuel D. Lord, Clerk. * Jesse F. Angell was ele;ted to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Sampson Clatur. t Resigned. Samuel D. Lord electetl to fill vacancy. 50 Manchester. 1856-7. 1857. MAYOR. JACOB r. JAMES. ALDERMEN. 1. Jonathan Morse. 2. William Reynolds.* 3. Moody Currier. 4. David Atwood. 5. Bradbury P. Cilley. 6. Justin Spear. 7. Andrew C. "Wallace. 8. Daniel Farmer, jr. CITY CLERK. Frank H. Lyford. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. John Hosley, Jeremiah O. Pulsifer, Benjamin Kinsley. 2. Daiiiel K. White, Jonathan Horn, William T. Evans. 3. Timothy Wig,2;in Little, Frank A. Brown, Beniamin F. Martin. 4. William S. Berry, Elijah M. Topliff, President, Joseph B. Sawyer. 5. Amos W. Sar2;ent, Elbridfje G. Haynes, Ruel Walker. 6. Samuel D. Farrar, Alden W. Sanl)orn, Nathan Johnson. 7. Cliauncy C. Favor, Charles K. Walker, EdAvard C. Bryant. 8. John E. Stearns, AVilliam IT. B. Newhall, John T. Nelson. Amos B. Shattuck, Clerk. MAYOR. THEODORE T. ABBOT. ALDERMEN. 1. Joseph Knowlton. 2. William Reynolds. 3. John S. Yeaton. 4. James Wallace. 6. John M. Hill. 6. Justin Spear. 7. John Moulton. 8. Samuel H. Edgerly. CITY CLERK. t Joel Taylor. Frank II. Lyford. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Jabez Besse, John Hosley, Ansel Buckminster. 2. William T. Evans, Henry B. Movdton, Abiel C. Flanders. 3. Frederick A. Morse, John T. Spoftbrd, John R. Chandler. 4. John Prince, John S. Folsom, Presideyit, Andrew J. Butterfield. 5. Amos W. Sargent, Elbridge G. Haynes, Leonard Sanl)orn. 6. William B. Bullard, Samuel D. Farrar, Ephraim S. Harvey. 7. Charles K. Walker, Chauncy C. Favor, Thomas F. Moulton. 8. John Shaw, Levi D. Heath, James K. Stevens. Elijah M. Topliflf, Clerk. * William Reynolds resigned February 17, 1857. James White was elected to fill the vacancy, and resigned June 4, 1857, and James H. Peabody was elected to fill the vacancy. t Uesigtied April 15, 185C; Frank H. Lyford elected to fill the vacancy. City Officers: 1846-1875. 1858. 1859. 51 MAYOR. ALONZO SMITH. ALDERMEN. 1. Jonathan Morse. 2. Thomas S. Sarjiont. 3. William C. Clarke. 4. Samuel W. Parsons. 5. William E. Eastman. 6. Daniel C. Gould. 7. Andrew C. Wallace- 8. Daniel Farmer, jr. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowltou. COMMOK COUNCIL. 1. Benjamin Kinsley, Moses O. Pearson, Charles Canfield. 2. Otis P. AVarner, Alfred B. Soule, David M'Colley. 3. Benjamin F. Martin, AViliiam Richardson, Stephen D. Green. 4. Ebenezer H. Davis, Moulton Knowles, Elijah M. Toplift; President. 5. James A. Brigham, Ruel Walker, George W. Merriam. 6. Nathan Johnson, John B. Fish, Samuel A. Hackett. 7. Benjamin F. Wallace, Leonard Moore, Joseph N. Prescott. 8. George S. Chandler, William H. B. Newhall, Damon Y, Stearns. MAYOR. E. W. HARRINGTON. ALDERMEN, 1. Reuben Dodge. 2. Thomas S. Sargent, 3. Frank A. Brown. 4. George A. JJarues 5. George H. Hul)l)ard, 6. Samuel D. Farrar. 7. Ira Barr. 8. Daniel Farmer, jr. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowltou. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Moses O. Pearson, Charles Canfield, George W. Thayer. 2. Daniel K. White, George S. Neal, Josiah A. Chamberlin. 3. William Richardson, Stephen D. Gi'een, John B. Chase. 4. Moulton Knowles, James A. Brigham, John H. Maynard. 5. Thomas Baxter, Elijah Perry, Horace Bonney. 6. John B. Fish, Horace Pettee, President, Levi H. Sleeper. 7. Leonard Moore, Joseph N. Prescott, John Bartlett. 8. George S. Chandler, William G. Haynes, Nathaniel II. Martin. Amos B. Shattuck, Clerk. Simeon D. Farnsworth, Clerk. 52 Manchester. 1860. 1861. MAYOR. E. W, HARBINGTOJf. ALDERMEN. 1. Reuben Dodge. 2. James A. Tebbetts. 3. Benjamin F. Martin. 4. George A. Barnes. 6. George II. Hul)bard. 6. Samuel D. Farrar. 7. John Moulton. 8. Daniel Farmer, jr. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. George W. Thayer, George C. Gihnore, Henry A. Campbell. 2. Josiah A. Chaniberlin, George S. Neal, George T. Cram. .3. John B. Chase, Albert II. Daniels, Albion Barker. 4. John II. Maynard, Seth Milliken, Eben French. 5. Thomas Baxter, Elijah Perry, Horace Bonney. 6. Horace Pcttee, Ficsident, Levi II. Sleeper, Charles W. Adams, 7. John Bartlett, Willard P. Stratton, Daniel Mack. 8. Geor-^^e S. Chandler, Dennis Cassidy, Damon Y. Stearns. MAYOR. DAVID A. BUNTON^. ALDERMEN. 1. George C. Gilmore. 2. James A. Tebbetts. 3. Henry C. Merrill. 4. James M. Bean.* 5. John Coughlin. 6. Elbridge G. Haynes. 7. John C. Smith. 8. Thomas S. Montgomery. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Henry A. Campbell, Elbridge G Woodman, IVes'<,t Jeremiah O. Pulsifer. 2. George T. Cram, Josiah Hackett, Charles W. Clement, 3. John II. Goodale, President, All)ion Barker, Ephraim S. Peabody. 4. Seth Milliken, Eben French, William S. Palmer. 5. Hugh Burns, Daniel Connor, John Gillis. 6. Ezra Kimball, Benjamin C. Kendall, Charles W. Adams. 7. Daniel Mack, John II. Hand, Elbridge Hartshorn. 8. Dennis Cassidy, Edwin R. Warren, AVilliam Todd. Simeon D. Farnsworth, Clerh. Simeon D. Farnsworth, Clerk. •Jolin H Maynard elected in March to fill the vacancy occ.isinncd by the death of Mr. Bean. . , . ,, „ , , t Elected President in October, 1861, vice John H. Goodale. City Officers: 1846-1875. 53 1802. 1863. MAYOR. DAVID A. BUNTON. ALDERMEN. 1. George C. Gilmore. 1. 2. Heniy B, Moulton. 2. 3. Henry C. Merrill. 3. 4. John H. Maynard. 4. 5. Jolm Coushlin. 5. 0. Elbridge G. Haynes. 6. 7. John C Smith. 7. 8. Thomas S. Montgomery. 8. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Jeremiah O. Pulsiler, 1. Elbridge G. Woodman, PresH, Stephen P. Duntley. 2. Josiah Hackett, 2. Charles W. Clement, Samuel Clark. 3. Ephraim S. Peabody, 3. Henry P. AVilson, Thomas R. Hubbard. 4. William S. Palmer, 4. Robert F. Moore, Nathaniel W. Cumner. 5. James Madden, 5. William Little, Thomas Stack. 6. Benjamin C. Kendall, 6. Ezra Kimball, Jeremiah L, Fogg. 7. John O. Parker,' 7. James W. Preston, Ebenezer Hartshorn. 8. Edwin R. Warren, 8. John E. Stearns, Warren Stearns. MAYOR. THEODORE T. ABBOT. ALDERMEN. John Hosley. Henry B. Moulton. Joseph H. Haynes. George Holbrook. Thomas Howe. Ira W. Moore. .Tames W. Preston. Thomas S. Montgomery. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton, COMMON COUNCIL. Francis P. Sargent, Henry C. Tilton, Andrew J. Dickey. Samuel Clark, Isaac H. Russell, John T. Robinson. Thomas R. Iluljbard, George W. Quinby, William C. Hazelton. Robert F. Moore, Nath'l W. Cunmer, President, George W. Gardner. W^illiam Little, Thomas Stack, Michael Gillis. Jeremiah L. Fogg, Jonathan Y. McQueston, Ebenezer G. Knight. John O. Parker, John C. Head, David K. Boutelle, John E. Stearns, Warren Stearns, Harmon S. Burns. Orren C. Moore, Cleric, Orren C. Moore, Clerk, 64 Manchester. 1864. 1865. MAYOR. FREDERICK SMYTH. ALDERMEN. 1. John Hosley. 2. S.amuel Clark. 3. Joseph H. Ilaynes. 4. George Holbrook. 5. John Rourke. 6. Ira W. Moore. 7. Allen N. Clapp. 8. Thomas S. Montgomery. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Andrew J. Dickey, Amos Sargent, 2. John Gillis. Isaac H. Russell, President, John T. Robinson, Jeremiah Fisk. 3. George W. Quinby, AVilliam C. Hazelton, Thomas R. Hubbard. 4. Otis Barton, Hamilton M. Bailey, Hiram Hill. 5. Asa Place, Michael Gillis, Timothy D. O'Connor. 6. Jonathan Y, McQueston, Ebenezer G. Knight, George N. Andrews. 7. David K. Boutelle, John Patterson, Joseph N Prescott. 8. Harmon S. Burns, Richard W. Lang, William G. Everett. Horace M. Gillis, Clerk. * Died August 15. t Died May 31 . MAYOR. DARWIN J. DANIELS,* JOHN HOSLEY.t ALDERMEN. 1. John Gillis. 2. Samuel Clark. 3. Thomas R. Hubbard. 4. David A. Bunton. 5. John Rourke. 6. Ebenezer G. Knight. 7. Allen N. Clapp. 8. Thomas S. Montgomery. CITY CLERK. Joseph Knowlton,J Joseph E. Bennett. § COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Amos Sargent, Harvey Huse, Daniel H. Maxfield. 2. Isaac H. Russell, President, William W. Wade, Christopher C. Colby. 3. Hiram Forsaith, Elbridge G. Fisk, Cyrus Dunn. 4. Otis Barton, Hamilton M. Bailey, Hiram Hill. 5. Timothy D. O'Connor, Asa Place, John Ryan. 6. Amos J. Wilson, James P. Eaton, Enos C. Howlett. 7. Joseph N. Prescott, John Pattei-son, Robert M. Shirley. 8. William G. Everett, Richard W. Lang, Dennis Cassidy. Horace M. Gillis, Clerk. t Elcctefl to fill vacancy. § Elected to till vacancy. City Officers: 184G-1875. 18GC>. 1867. 65 MAYOR. JOHJ^^ HOSLEY. ALDERMEN. 1. John Gillis. 2. Isaac H. Russell. 3. Samuel Hall. 4. John C. Young. 5. Daniel Connoi". 6. Isaac Whittemore. 7. John Patterson. 8. Thomas S. Montgomery. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Daniel H. Maxfleld, Harvej^ Huse, Henry A. Campbell. 2. Christopher C. Colby, William W. Wade, Joseph W. Bean. 3. Hiram Forsaith, President^ Cvi'us Dunn, William P. Newell. 4. Charles E. Balch, George S. Holmes, Arthur L. Walker. 5. George W. Hunkins, John Ryan, John White. 6. Enos C. Howlett, Joseph Rowley, Thomas Emerson. 7. Robert M. Shirley, Chauncy C. Favor, Charles S. Fisher. 8. James K. Stevens, John Field, Alonzo L. Day. MAYOR. JOSEPH B. CLARK. ALDERMEN. 1. William G. Perry. 2. Ezra Huntington. 3. Samuel HalL 4. John C. Young. 5. Daniel Connor. 6. Isaac Whittemore. 7. John Patterson. 8. Daniel K. White. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Henry A. Campbell, Heui-y C. Sanderson, John Plumer. 2. Joseph W. Bean, Granville P. Mason, John Pattee. 3. William P. Newell, Seth J. Sanborn, John Bru2;ger. 4. Charles E.^Balch, George S. Holmes, Arthur L. Walker. 5. George W. Hunkins, George Fox, Andrew Farrell. 6. Joseph Rowley, Alexander M. Corning, William F. Sleeper. 7. Charles S. Fisher, Isaac Lewis, Joseph H. Brooks. 8. John Field, George H. Gerry, David A. Messer. Horace M. Gillis, Clerk. Horace M. Gillis, Clerk. 56 Manchester. 1868. 1869. MAYOR. JAMES A. WESTON. MAYOR. ISAAC W. SMITH. ALDERMEN. 1. William G. Perry. 2. Ezra Huntin2:ton. 3. William P. Newell. 4. Horace B. Putnam. 5. Daniel Connor. 6. Joseph Rowley. 7. Chauncy C. Favor. 8. George H. Gerry. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Henry C. Sanderson, PresH, John Plumer. William Bursiel. 2. John Pattee, Henry A. Farrington, Henry Lewis. 3. Seth J. Sanborn, Peter K. Chandler, Eeed P. Silver. 4. Arthur M. Eastman, Benjamin W. Robinson, Jonathan B Moore. 5. George Fox, Andrew Farrell, Michael Kelley. G. William F. Sleeper, Alexander M. Corning, George H. Hubl)ard. 7. Joseph H. Brooks, Isaac Lewis, Samuel Brooks. 8. David A. Messer, Albert A. Partridge, Hiram Stearns. Horace M. Gillis, Clerk. ALDERMEN. 1. Daniel H. Maxfield. 2. Henry A. Farrington. 3. William P. Newell. 4. Horace B. Putnam. 5. Daniel Connor. 6. George H. Hubbard. 7. Chauncy C. Favor. 8. George H, Gerry. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. William Bursiel, AVilliam H. Maxwell, John P. Currier. 2. Henry Lewis, Thomas R. Northrup, William B. Underbill. 3. Peter K. Chandler, President, Reed P. Silver, Simon F. Stanton. 4. Arthur M. Eastman, Benjamin W. Robinson, .Jonathan B. Moore. 5. Cornelius Healey, Patrick Devine,* John McKeon. 6. Dustin L. .Jenkins, .John W. .Johnson, George E. Glines. 7. Samuel I3rooks, David O. Webster, John K. M(;Queston. 8. Albert A. Partridge, Hiram Stearns, William G. Everett. Horace M. Gillis,t Clerk. * Resigned ; .lohn L. Kennedy elected to fill vacancy. t Died .July 7, 1869; Elbridge D. Hadley elected to fill vacancy. City Officers: 1840-1875. 1870. 1871. 57 :may()1!. JAMES A. WESTON. ALDKItMKN. 1. Daniel II. MaxlicM. 2. Henry A. Farriii^ton. 3. Peter K. Chandler. 4. Horace P. Watts. 5. Cornelius Ilealey. 6. George H. IIul)l)aril. 7. Samuel Brooks. 8. William G. Everett. CITY CLKRK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. William Bursiel, Wiliam II. Maxwell, John P. Currier, President. 2. Thomas P. Xortliru]), William B. rnderhill, Henry W. Powell. 3. Simon F. Stanton, Nehemiah S. Bean, Georsje R. Simmons. 4. William R. Patten, Jacob B. Hartwell, Joseph B. Sawyer. 5. John L. Kennedy, Lawrence Foley, Thomas Willis. 6. Dustin L. Jenkins, John W. Jolnison, Georije E. Glines. 7. David O. Webster, John K. McQueston, William M. Shei)ard. 8. Henry II. Fuller, Harris J. l\)or, Albert A. Woodward. Elbridge D. Iladley, Clerk. MAYOlt. .TAMES A. WESTON. ALDERMEN. 1. Georn-e W. Thayer. 2. Henry Lewis. 3. William Flanders,* Peter K. Cliandler.f 4. James S. Cheney. 5. Dani(d Connor. 6. John Hosley. 7. William N. Chaml)erlia. 8. William G. Everett. CITY CLEKK'. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Israel W. Dickey, Oscar M. Titus, Sylvanus B. Putnam. 2. Henry W. Powell, Dana D. Towne, John C. Smith. 3. Nehemiah S Bean, George R. Simmons, Henry C. Reynolds. 4. William R. Patten, Pr-esidcjJt, Jacob B. Hartwell, Joseph B. Sawyer. 5. Lawrence Fole}^, John L. Kennedy, Austin O'Malley. , 6. Jacob J. Abbott, Edwin Kennedy, Jeremiah llodgi;. 7. William M. Shepard, James C. Russcdl, Benjamin K. Parker. 8. Harris J. Poor, Albex't A. Woodward, Silas A. Felton. Elbridge D. Iladley. Clerk, t •Died February 7, 1871. t Elected March 14, 1871. t Resigned Deceiiil'er, KS71; Tlionias W. Laue elected to lill vacaucy. 58 Manchester. 1872. 1873. MAYOR. PERSOK C. CIIEXEY. ALDERMEN. 1. George "W. Thayer. 2. Henry Lewis. 3. ]i*feheminh S. Bean. 4. Horace Pettee. 5. Lawrence Foley. 6. Ephraini S. Harvey. 7. William ^. Chamberlin. 8. Albert A. Woodward. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. 1. Israel W. Dickey, Oscar M. Titus, Levi L. Aldrich. 2. Dana D. Towne, John C. Smitli, Leonard Shelters. 3. Henry C. Reynolds, Charles A. Smith, John L. Kellv. 4. Charles K. Colley, Jason Weston, Joseph L. Smith. 5. John L. Kenned}', Austin O'Malley, Patrick Harrington. 6. Jacob J. Abliott, ■ Edwin Kennedy, President, Jeremiah Hodge. 7. James C. Russell, Benjamin K. Parker, Augustus G. Stevens. 8. Silas A.Felton, ,Tohn Field, Frank D. llanscom. Thomas W. Lane, Glerk.% MAYOR. CHARLES H. BARTLETT, JOHN P. NEWELL.t ALDERMEN. Israel W. Dickey. Jonathan B. Moore. Nehemiah S. Bean. Horace Pettee. John Sweeney. 6. Ephraim S. Harvey. 7. Luther E. Wallace. 8. Albert A. Woodward. CITY CLERK. Joseph E. Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL 1. Levi L. Aldrich, >Sam C. Lowell, James L. Sweet. 2. Leonard Shelters, John W. Dickey, Frank S. Pusluu-. 3. Charles A. Smith, President, Rufus H. Pike, Rol)ert G. Annan. 4. Charles R. Colley, Joseph L. Smith, eJason "VVeston. 5. John L. Kennedy, Patrick Cullitv, John F. Cab ill. G. Henry B. Fairbanks, Amory Cobb. Charles K. Tucker. 7. William G. Dunham, Isaac W. Darrah, Isaac R. Dewey. 8. Silas A. Felton, Frank D. llanscom, John Field. Sylvanns B. Putnam, CJcrk. t Resigned May, 1872; Sylvamis B. Putnam elected to till vacancy. * Resigned February 18tli, 1873. t Elected to till vacancy. City Officers: 184(;-1875. 1874-;'). .50 MAYOR. JAMES A. WESTON. ALDKRMEN. 1. Israel W. Die-key. 2. Joiialhaii 15. JNIoore. '.i. CrL'OTL'e H. ISiinnioiiis. 4. Martin V. J> Eili^crly. 5, John L. Kenned Y <;. John M. Hayes.' 7. James P. Walker. 8. Silas A. Felton. CITY CLERK. Joseph E Bennett. COMMON COUNCIL. Sam C. Lowell, James L. Sweet, James Patten. John W. Diekey, Frank S. Pushee, Jonathan Dodge. Eufus H. Pike, President^ Robert G. Annan, Tiiomas W. Lane. Samuel F. Murry, Augustus F. Hail, John K. Piper. Svlvanus B 5. Patrick Cullity, Patrick Riordan, Patrick J. O'Neil. 6. Isaac Huse, Jeremiah Abl)ott, David M. Goodwin. 7. William G. Dunham, Isaac W. Darrali, Isaac R. Dewey. 8. Madison Gerry, Warren K. Richardson, Lorenzo D. Colby. Putnam, Clerk. 1846. 1847- CITY Thomas Iloyt. Jacob G. Cilley. TREASURERS. 1849-50. James M. Berry. 1851-75. Henry R. Chamberlin. CITY SOLICITORS. 1846-8. Daniel Clark. 1860. 1849-50. William C. Clarke. 1861- 1851. Daniel Clark. 1865- 1852-3. David Cross. 1867. 1854-5. Isaac W. Smith.* 1868- 1855-6. Samuel D. Lord.f 1870- 1857. Herman Foster. 187:}. 1858-9. Josepli B. Clark. 1874. * Resigner, Jacob F. James elected. 1849. March 18, Mace Moulton (dem.), Jo.sei)h Cocliran, jr., (abo.), Jacob F'. James (whig), Scatterinjj;, No choice. 1851. ^^^ Moses Fellows (whig), -^l'> Walter Freiicii (dem.), <>■+ Alouzo Smith (abo.), !•■>'> Scattering, Moses Fellows elected. 1852. 67(i T'l'tMlerick Smyth (whig), ()(31 ^Vi'lter French (dem.), goy Alonzo Smith (abo.), 21 Scattering, Frederick Smyth elected. 893 010 •J.07 15 934 7-27 87 '^''''' ''• 1853. Joseph Cochran, jr., (al)o,), 367 Jacob F. James (whig), 344 Frederick Smyth (whig). Mace Moulton (dem.), 79 Stevens James (dem.). Scattering, 62 Scattering, No choice. Frederick Smyth elected. 1026 604 9 May 5. 1854 Joseph Cochran, jr., (abo ), 355 Jacob F. James (whig), 255 Frederick Smyth (whig), 1344 AValter French (dem.), 161 William C. Clarke (deiii.), 787 Scattering, 17 Scattering, 10 No choice. Frederick Smyth elected. June 2. Joseph Cochran, jr., (abo.), 338 Jacoi) F. Jii^nes (whig), 185 Walter French (dem.), 152 Scattering, 54 No choice. October 6. Warren L. Lane (dem.), 422 Thomas R. Crosby (whig), 268 Joseph Cochran, jr., (abo.), 17 Scattering, 9 Warren L. Lane elected. 1850. Moses Fellows (whig), 936 Warren L. Lani^ ((U'Ui.), 8U3 Scattering, 6 Moses Fellows elected. 1855. Theodore 1'. Abbot (know- nothinu), 1995 Frederick G. Stark (dem.), 668 Scattering, 7 Theodo're T. Abbot elected. 1856. March 11. Theodore T. Abbot (repub- lican), 1104 George W. Morrison (dem.), 1041 Scattering, 7 Theodore T. Abbot elected. 62 Manchester. 1856. December 9. Jacob F. .Tames (rej).), Isaac C. Flanders (dem.), Scattering, Jacob F. James elected. 1857. Alonzo Smith (rep.), Edward W. Harrington (dem.), Jacob F. James (rep.), Scatterinsr, Alonzo Smith elected. 1858. Edward W. IIarrinph B. Clark (rep.), 1355 Scatterinl,^ 1 Scattering, 4 Edward W. Harrington elected, '^'^^^les A. Weston elected. 1860. David A. Bunton (rep.), 12 Bradbiu-y P. Cilley (inde- pendent). Scattering, David A. Bunion elected 1868. Isaac W. Smith (rep.), 1490 James A. Weston (dem.), 14(!7 842 Isaac W. Smith elected. 20 1869. 1^Q\ James A. Weston (dem.), 9.38 Isaac W. Smith (rep.), 792 David A. Bunton (rep.), 1052 James A. Weston elected. James A. AVeston (dem.), 800 Scattering, 3 1870. David A. Bunton elected. James A. Weston (dem.), 1153 -iQp,9 Andrew C. AVallace (rep.). 957 Peter K. Chandler (temp.), 102 Theodore T. Abbot (rcj).), 910 S(tattering, 3 James A. Weston (dem.), 892 James A. Weston elected. Theodore T. Abbot elected. *Di(!d August 15. ls(i5. .John Hosley (republican) elected by the City Councils. Votes for Mayor: 184()-187o. 63 1871. 1873. Person C. Cheney (rep.), "K^^G James A. Weston (dem.), loSQ John Ilosley (dem.), 1027 John P. Newell (rep,), 1067 Person C. Cheney eleetcd. Charles C. Keniston (temp.), 173 James A. VV eston elected. 1872. Charles II. Bartlett (rep.), 1316 Joseph Kidder (ind.), 935 t Charles H. Bartlett elected. t Resigned February 18, 1S72. John P. Newell (republican) elected by the City Councils. THE CITY OF TO-DAY. "lUlfHE Manchester of to-day is the wonderful outgrowth ^%^( of a town which once Iiad the name of being the ■^ r" poorest in the state. It is situated in latitude forty- two degrees fifty-three minutes north, in longitude seven- ty-one degrees thirty-one minutes nine seconds west, its meridian time being one minute and thirty-one seconds slower than that of Boston. It extends up and down both sides of the Merrimack river, is sixteen miles south from Concord, seventeen north from Nashua, forty-one west from Portsmouth, twenty-six northwest from Lawrence, fifty-two north-northwest from Boston. It contains twenty-one thou- sand seven hundred acres, about one quarter of which is improved land. On the east is Massabesic lake, the larg- est sheet of still water in the state south of Concord, through which passes the line between Manchester and Au- burn. On the south are Litchfield and Londonderry, on the west Bedford and Goffstown, on the north Goffstown and Hooksett. It was the first city incorporated in New Hampshire, is the largest and wealthiest, possesses one-tenth of the state's wealth and population, produces one-eighth of its manufactured goods, and is the fourth city in the United States in the value of its cotton and woolen manufactures. Thirty-five years ago it was tenanted by less than a thou- sand people, while to-day it counts thirty thousand inhab- 66 Manchester. itaiits and has over six thousand two hundred rata1)le polls. The tax-list of 1874 was $012,835.95, of which the state tax was 836,428 ; the county tax, .120,637.18 ; and the mu- nicipal tax, -$255,770.77. The resident tax was $311,717.- 24 ; the non-resident tax, $1,008.71 ; the dog tax, $757. The rate of taxation was twenty-four dollars and sixty cents on a thousand dollars. There were fourteen hun- dred and three horses, valued at $111,854 ; five hundred and ninety-seven cows and oxen, valued at $17,342 ; forty- one sheep, valued at 8116 ; carriages valued at $37,126 ; six hundred and twenty-five male and sixty-six female dogs. The money in the city at interest which was taxed was $33,660 ; the value of the stock in trade, $1,174,290 ; of stocks in banks, $301,540 ; of factories and machinery, $2,930,900 ; of real estate, $7,488,224 ; of the polls, $621,- 000. The total assessed valuation was $12,716,892, which is about two-thirds of the actual value. The value of the city property, includiug the school property, is about $1,- 350,000. The city has $50,000 invested in the Suncook A^allcy railway. Its debt is about nine hundred and forty thousand dollars, two-thirds of which is in bonds issued to meet the expense of its water-works, while the rest is in city bonds and individual notes. Manchester is in congressional district number two, in councilor district number three, and is the whole of sena- torial district number three, having, of course, within its limits, the state senator, the Hon. George B. Chandler. It is divided into seven wards, is entitled to al)Out twenty-five state representatives, and had in March, 1874, nearly forty- two hundred legal voters. It is the residence of two ex- governors — the Hon. Frederick Smyth and the Hon. Eze- kiel A. Straw ; of the present governor — the Hon. James A. Weston, who is also mayor of the city ; of the county treasurer — Daniel W. Lane. It is the home of the attor- ney general — the Hon. Lewis W. Clark; of an associate Streets. 67 justice of the superior court of judicature — the IIou. Isaac W. Smith ; of au associate justice of the circuit court — the Hou. Cliulou W. Stanley ; of an ex-judge of tlie court of couinion pleas — the Hou. Charles R. Morrison; of the judue of the United States district court in New Hamp- shire — the Hon. Daniel Clark ; of two United States com- missiouci's — the Hou. Charles II. Bartlett and the Hon. Clinton W. Stanley ; of the clerk of the New Hampshire district court — the Plon. Charles H. Bartlett ; of two ex- members of the United States Senate — the Hon. Daniel Clark and the Hon. Samuel N. Bell ; of an ex-member of the United States House of Representatives — the Hon. George W. Morrison ; of the collector of internal revenue for the secoiul collection district — Elijah M. Topliff; of the deputy collector — Cyrus A. SuUoway ; of the judge of probate for Hillsborough county — the Hon. Lucien B. Clough ; of the late judge of probate — the Hon. David Cross; of one of the county commissioners — Col. George W. Riddle. STREETS. Manchester's centre of population and business is nearly half way from its northern and southern limits and on the east side of the Merrimack. Along the latter's east bank are stretciied its manufactories, their canals running par- allel with the river and bordered by the track of the Con- cord railway and a street of sixty feet in width which be- longs to the cori)orations. Forty or fifty rods to the east of this and parallel with it, at an elevation of ninety feet from the surface of the river, extends the city's main thorough- fare, called p]lm street, two miles and a half long, paved in part with granite blocks, bordered with brick or concrete sidewalks and shaded with trees. It was laid out as a pub- lic highway by the selectmen of the town on the fifth of 68 Manchester. May, 1840, one hundred feet wide, twelve feet on each side for sidewalks and ten feet in the centre for ornamental trees. Some of the elms which gave it its name were left standing in the middle of the street till the gas from leaky- pipes destroyed the last, in front of Smyth's block, in 1855. Manchester is divided into thirteen highway districts, each under the charge of a sn{)crintendeut annually elected by the city councils, of which district numlier two includes the city proper and contains six miles of sewers. In the space given on Weston's map, which includes somewhat more than the compact part of the city, there are fifty- seven miles of streets. Outside of that tiieie are .sixty more, making a total of about one Imndred and twenty miles of streets already built and many more are projected and will be laid out before long. There was appropriated by the city in 1874 for repairs of highways $18,500 ; for paving and macadamizing $10,000; for new streets $7,000. Including paving and macadamizing, this would give $240 as the sum per mile expended on streets already built ; ex- clusive of them, $155. Within the compact part of the city the streets run nearly north and south, east and west, and are from fifty to sixty feet wide. On the west side of the river and in the suburbs of the city the highways conform to the old lines of travel. The soil is generally light and sandy, some portions, how- ever, being productive and easy of cultivation. Granite ledges are found in the northern and eastern sections. Its surface is generally level, \tut there are several hills in a group in the northeast ])art, one of which, just to the east and making a division between the sloj)es to the river and the lake, overlooks the whole city and commands an exten- sive view of the surrounding country. There is a high l>lutf on the west side of the river, to which the name of Rock Rimmon was long since given and which time has corrupted into Rock Raymond. Streams and Ponds. G9 streams and ponds. Manchester's largest stream, the Merrimack ami Piscata- quog rivers excepted, is Cohas brook, through which the waters of Massabesic lake run four miles, falling one hun- dred and twenty-five feet in that distance, and empty into the Merrimack river. The lake itself is about four miles from the city proper, contains twenty-three hundred and fifty acres and has a circumference of twenty-five miles. It is divided into two parts each about one mile wide and three miles long, connected by a narrow stream at what is called " Deer Neck," to one of which the frequency of small islands has given the name of Island pond. There are several other ponds whose outlets, flowing across it from east to west, diversify the surface of the city. Stevens pond lies at the base of a hill in the eastern part of the city, contains twelve acres and empties into the Merrimack through Cemetery brook. Long pond lies south of Massabesic, and its outlet is the Little Cohas brook. It contains thirty acres. Mosquito pond contains eight or ten acres, is situated near the school-house in district number nine, and its waters flow into the Great Cohas. Nutt's pond, once called Fort pond because a fort was built near its western shore during the Indian wars, is in the southern part of the city. It contains about fifteen acres and its waters mingle at length with those of the Merrimack. There are a dozen brooks of greater or less size, of which the most important are Great and Little Cohas brooks, which flow respectively from Massabesic lake and Long pond into the Merrimack ; Cemetery bi'ook, once known as Amoskeag biook, which empties into the same river the waters of Stevens pond ; Ray brook, which rises in Hook- sett and flows into the Merrimack near Amoskeag Falls; Black and Millstone brooks, which are tributaries of the Merrimack on its western side in Amoskeag ; and Mile 70 Manchester. brook, which flows, chiefly in culverts, through the most densely settled parts of the city, carrying the waters of the ponds on Hanover and Merrimack squares into the Ceme- tery brook. VILLAGES. The city has several villages which arose from geograph- ical circumstance, viz. : Piscataquog, Amoskeag, Manches- ter Centre, Goffe's Falls, Bakersville, Hallsville, Janes- ville, Youngsville and Towlesville. Amoskeag was named from the falls — "the place of much fish;" Piscataquog from the river — "the place of much deer;" the Centre because it was the original town. Goflfe's Falls obtained its designation from Col. John Goffe, who settled there in 1734, but took the name of Moore's village after the Goffe farm and mills passed into the hands of Capt. Samuel Moore who married a daughter of Col. Goffe. The place is now known, however, as Goffe's Falls. That name was originally given to the falls in Cohas brook, but is now applied to the rapids in the Merrimack just above the brook's mouth. Bakersville was so called from being built upon the farm of the late Joseph Baker. Hallsville was named for Joseph B. Hall, once a large real estate owner in that vicinity ; Janesville for Mrs. Jane South wark, wife of Taylor M. Southwark, whose maiden name was Jane Young and who inherited the land there ; Towlesville for Hiram Towle who owned the territory on which the settle- ment stands ; Youngsville for the Youngs who dwelt there. Tiie last five were built on land beyond that which was in- cluded in the Amoskeag Company's j)urchases, and not many years ago were separated from the compact })art of the city by woods. Hallsville and Janesville once had their tavern and stores, but they are all now only localities, their identity being slowly lost in the city's expansion. Man- Sewers. Chester Centre, Amoskeag and Piscataquog have been each the centre of hiisincss and enterprise. Of these the Cen- tre was entirely bereft by the railway, but Fiscataquog, though no longer at the head of navigation on the river, is a thriving village, while Amoskeag has been till recently employed in the manufacture of shoes. Goffe's Falls, as well as the two latter places, supports stores of its own, and the Cohas brook supplies water power for hosiery, crash and cassimere mills. The trains on the Portsmouth railway stop at Hallsville and Massal)esic pond ; those of the North Weare at Piscataquog ; while Manchester itself, Amoskeag and Gotfe's Falls are stations on the Concord railway. SEWERS. The system of sewerage in the compact })art of the city is based upon a survey and report made in 1856 by James Slade, a civil engineer in the employ of the city of Boston, in accordance with a vote of the city councils. By this system the city is divided, for purposes of drainage, into four sections, and large sewers were projected in Elm and Union streets and two others to the east, running north and south and connecting with the main sewer on Cedar street, running east and west, which was to empty into the Merrimack river below the lowest mill. From the large sewers branches of smaller size were to be built in the streets running east and west, and from these again oiher sewers still smaller to branch into the streets lying north and south of the latter. The general idea of this plan was adopted by the city and new sewers are built and old ones repaired in accordance with it. The original sewer still remains in Elm street and a new one, egg-shaped, of six times its capacity, has been built. The sewers in Union and Cedar streets have been partially built and the other 72 Mancbester. lai'gc ones arc not yet needed. They are at present dis- charged into Cemetery brook and thence into the lower ca- nal. The smaller sewers are continually being replaced by new ones. Piscataquog villaiie is drained by sewers in Main street, emptying into Piscataquog river, and in Granite street, emptying into the Merrimack. The larg- est sewers are generally of brick, thougii partially of brick and cement. SQUARES. To the Amoskeag Company Manchester is indebted for five public commons in the heart of the city, in addition to the private squares which surround its own blocks and those of other corj)orations and the lot in the northeast part of the city which encloses its reservoir. These com- mons are known as Merrimack, Concord, Tremont, Han- over and Park squares, and were given by the Company on condition that the city should never build upon them or al- low roads through them, should keep them neat, plant trees and lay out walks within them. Concord square was the first in the city, being laid out in 1839, before the Company's first land sale. It is bounded by Vine, Concord, Pine and Amherst streets, contains four and five-eighths acres, and was deeded to the city in 1848, It was stipulated in the deed that an iron fence should be built around it within three years, but this has not yet been done, though a stone edging will surround it in an- other year. Near its centre is a small pond sui)j)lied with water from the pond on Hanover square. Many of the old trees remain upon it and new ones have been planted. Merrimack square is the largest of all, containing five and seven-eighths acres, and is situated between Elm, Mer- rimack, Chestnut and Central streets. It was given to the city in 1848 on condition of the construction of an iron '; '^ •^) '4-^^-y^ Cemeteries. 73 fence about it within five years, and this condition has been complied with, though not within the time. There is a large pond on its northern side, supplied by a culvert which runs into it Irom Hanover square. Tremont square is the smallest in the city, containing but two acres and a half, and is situated between Pine, Bridge, Union and High streets. This was made over to the city in 1848 and its old fence was replaced by one of wood. It is in a pleasant part of the city, thougii without water of any kind, and part of the original forest shades it. Hanover square, the gift of the Company in 1852, is bounded by Union, Amherst, Beech and Hanover streets, and contains four acres. The Mile brook ran through it and was dammed up on Union street to make a pond. This supplies a number of reservoirs with water for fire purposes, besides feeding the ponds on Concord and Merrimack squares, and water from an excellent spring on its south bank is carried an eighth of a mile in pipes to rise in drink- in g-fountains on Elm street. Pack square, situated between Chestnut, Park, Pine and Cedar streets, contains three acres and a half, is very level, without water, and partially shaded. CEMETEUIES. The city owns two large cemeteries, beautiful now and growing in beauty with age. The older of the two, known as the " Valley Cemetery," is situated on the southern verge of the compact part of the city, and the industry of business is encircling it with manufactories, though in 1840, when the Amoskeag Company gave it to the city, it was con- sidered far out of town. It contains nineteen and seven- tenths acres, and is bounded by Auburn, Pine, Valley and Willow streets. The conditions of the deed are such that the land can be used for no other purpose than for a bury- 5 74 Manchester. ing-ground and the Company reserved tlie right to flow the valley in it through which the Cemetery brook passes. The lots are now all taken up, and as early as 1855 the need of another resting-place for the dead became so apparent as to cause the purchase by the city in that year, from John S. Kidder and George M. Flanders, of two adjacent tracts of land about two miles and a half south of the city hall, l)e- tween the Calef road and tlie River road. These con- tained about forty acres and were called the " Pine Grove Cemetery." The lack of natural irrigation has been here supplied by artificial water-works, and art has added to both burial-grounds what nature refused to supply. In accordance with the provisions of the deed of the Valley a committee was appointed in 1841 to assume its charge and has been annually appointed since, the Pine u Grove being also placed under its care. The committee first elected went to work with a will, and, having obtained from the citizens a subsci-iption of two hundred and thirty- four dollars, spent it in building a fence, trimming the trees and laying out walks. The formal dedication occurred on Ehe fifth of July, 1841, when the Sunday schools of the city, accompanied by many citizens and escorted by the Stark Guards, marched in procession to the spot. An address was delivered by the Rev. George W. Gage and the four tliou- sand people present joined in religious services. Thereafter tlje town appropriated money to be used in its adornment, and in 1846 a thorn hedge was planted on two sides and twenty-five hundred plants set out. The Pine Grove was let for pasturage and remained unimproved till 1858. Each cemetery is in care of a superintendent. In 1858 the city bought of the Hon. David A. Bunton a lot of land upon the Calef road for a cemetery, but it was found unsuitable and the Pine Grove was bought. This lot was sold in 1860 to James Barrett, who mortgaged it to the city. The mort- gage was foreclosed in 1866 and the land sold to William M. Rolfe. Railways. 75 There ai'C also the oM burving-.u'rounil at the Centre, which was extensively used till 1840 ; one at Gotfe's Falls ; one in Anioskeag; one in Piscataqnog; one just upon the western limit of the city on the road to Amherst, occupied by the Roman Catholics; one near the school house at Har- vey's mills, known as the "Merrill cemetery;" one in the eastern j)art of the city, formerly known as the " Huse yard," and now as " Stowell's ground ;" the " Ray ceme- tery" on the River road near Anioskeag Falls; "the Forest cemetery " on the old Weston farm in the south-eastern part of the city; and a small yard in the north part of the city. All of these but the Catholic burial-place are little used, and some are private and others are under the control _ of the city. i RAILWAYS. The Concord railway was opened to the public from Nashua to Manchester on the fourth of July, 1842, and from Manchester to Concord ou the first of the following September. An additional track, to accommodate its in- creasing business, was built in 1846, 1847 and 1848. The Manchester & Lawrence railway was opened to Manches- ter November 13, 1849. In 1850 a railway was built from Portsmouth to Candia, Suncook and Concord, called the Portsmouth & Concord railway. It did not pay expenses and in 1861 its name was changed to the Concord & Ports- mouth, the track between Candia and Suncook was discon- tinued, a new track built from Candia to Manchester, and the Concord and Lawrence railwaj^s built jointly the piece from Hooksett to Suncook. The New Hampshire Central railway, now known as the Manchester & North Weare rail- way, was built in 1840 and 1850 from Manchester to Hen- niker, but the piece between North Weare and Henniker was torn up and never I'C-laid. The tearing-up, which 76 Manchester. made a great excitement at the time, was done on Sunday, October 31, 1858, by a gang of men who came from Con- cord with four locomotives, and the reason for it was that it suited the interests of the owners of the railway. The Suncook Valley railway was built from Hooksett to Pitts- field in 1869. In 1865, in accordance with a resolution of the city councils, a survey of a proposed route for the Man- chester & Keene railway was made by the Hon. James A. Weston, but no farther steps have been taken by Manches- ter towards building it. The building now used as a car- house by the Concord railway was its first passenger sta- tion. It then fronted on Canal street and had a portico and pillars upon that side. The railway ran between that and the freight station which then occupied the spot where the present passenger station stands. The business of \\\m corporation had increased so fast by 1853 that it outgrew its facilities, and its cars used to obstruct public travel by remaining on the track at the crossing of Granite street. The city brought a numl)er of suits against it and meet- ings of the citizens of Manchester and Bedford were held to endorse the action. The corporation finally agreed to build the present station, which was completed in 1855, and the suits were withdrawn. A new freight station was erected south of Granite street. Charters have been granted, also, for railways from this city to Claremont and to Ashburnham, Mass., and a horse railway has been in- corporated, but no attempts have been made to construct any of them. The Concord railway runs through the western part of the city on the left bank of the Merrimack from north to south. The North Weare, the Law)'ence, Portsmouth and substantially the Suncook Valley railways start from it. It is on a direct route to the White Mountain region, northern Vermont, New York, Montreal, Ogdensburg and the great lakes. Stages leave daily for Candia and Deer- Bridges. 77 field, by connecting with the Portsmouth train at Candia station, and for Amherst, Milford and New Ipswicli on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays. The agent of the Concord railway at its station in Manchester is Major Jo- siah Stevens, who had been master of transportation at Concord but was appointed in 1869 to succeed W. Henry Hurlbut who was killed by an accident on the North Weare railway. The present ticket-seller, Lon Elliott, was ap- pointed the same year. The station-agent at Goffe's Falls is L. P. Moore and at Amoskeag is Thomas L. Quimby. There are in the season of travel seven trains north daily ; seven south ; two to North Weare and return ; two to Portsmouth and return : three to Lawrence and return ; two to Pittsfield and return. It is estimated that two hun- j|dred thousand people annually buy tickets at this station. Allowing fifty to a car, they would require four thousand cars, and these, at sixty feet to a car, would make a line over forty-five miles long, or would cover the track from liere to Portsmouth. BRIDGES. The first bridge of any importance within the limits of Manchester was built across the Cohas brook on the road leading from the Centre to Londonderry in 1738 at private expense. The first bridge over the Merrimack was built in 1792 at the foot of Bridge street by a corporation and was known as McGregor's bridge. This went to ruin about 1815 and was replaced in 1825 by another. Twelve years later it was bought by the Amoskeag Company and the toll on foot-passengers abolished. A freshet carried off two piers in 1848, but these were replaced and the bridge re- mained till 1851, when it was entirely swept away and has not been re-built. Granite bridge was built by a company at what was known as "Merrill's Falls" on the Merrimack 78 Manchkster. ill 1840. Granite street was hiiilt at the same time. In 1848 the toll was abolislicd and the bridge became the property of Manchester and Bedford. The ice-freshet of 1851 carried it off, and the present one was bnilt by the two towns that year. When Piscataqiiog village was an- nexed, the bridge came entirely into the hands of Man- chester. A bridge was bnilt in 1842 over the Merrimack at Amoskeag Falls by a corporation. It was made a free bridge in 1852 and cariied away by a freshet in March of the next year. The city of Manchester re-built it in 1854. Several bridges over the Piscataquog river were built in early days by the town of Bedford, the last one previous to the annexation of part of it to Manchester being a wooden one which was put up in 1843. This was burned in 18G2 and an iron one immediately replaced it. This fell in Feb- ruary, 1873, under a loaded team, and the present wooden one was built to take its place. When the Concord rail- way was built in 1842 a single-track bridge was carried over the Merrimack at Gofife's Falls. This gave way in 1869 to a double-track bridge, which was built without the detention of a tiain. The bridge over the Merrimack on the Manchester and North Weare railway, originally Iniilt in 1850, was burned in 1871 and a new one was construct- ed that year. Meanwhile the trains ran as far as Piscata- quog village, and the passengers were brought over to the city proper in carriages. Ferries which had long existed at ditferent points u{)on the river were made useless by the building of the highway bridges and were discontinued. MANUPACTUllES. The Amoskeag Falls have a fall of fifty-four feet and ten inches ; those at Lowell have one of thirty feet and those at Lawrence of twenty-eight. The dam, by which the water is turned into the canals, cost sixty thousand dol- > o 00 I n lo > G O o o ^4 f if Incidrntals. 71) lars. The upper canal is two Imiidrcd feet more than a mile loiiy,-, and the h)\vcr is a mile and sixteen hundred and twenty ieet iu length. At the northern end of the canals are situated sonic of the smaller manufactories of the city to which the estal)lishmeut of the large corporations gave life, and the place is called Mechanics' Row. Its business is gradually forsaking it, di'ifting to the southern portion of the town in the vicinity of the railways and using steam power. From the Row the large mills extend, with slight intervals, to the lower end of the canals. These mills make one hundred a7id forty-three miles of cloth a day, set in motion nearly three hundred thousand spindles and sev- enty-six hundred looms, and have an aggregate monthly pay-roll of two hundred and thirty thousand dollars. By the census of 1870 the capital invested in the city in man- uAictures of all kinds was nearly ten million dollars ; the number of men, women and children employed in them, nine thousand ; the total yearly pay-roll, three million, six hundred and seventy-four thousand dollars ; the value of the manufactures, eighteen million dollars. The city makes now five million dollars' worth more goods and employs a thousand more operatives. INCIDENTALS. Tliere is one through express in Manchester, north and south, started when the Concord railway was built in 1842, the late Col. James S. Cheney being its first messenger and the first railway expressman in Manchester. There is, be- sides, one south to Boston, one to New Boston and Frances- town, one to North Weare and Henniker and one to Can- dia and Deerfield. There are two telegraph offices, — the Franklin and Western Union. There are eight hotels, — the Amoskeag Hotel in Amoskeag village, the Merrimack House in Piscataquog village, the Massabesic House at 80 Manchester. Massabesic lake, the Island Pond House at Island pond, the Manchester House, City Hotel, Haseltine House and National Hotel, in the heart of the city. Manchester has about forty lawyers, thirty doctors and twenty clergymen. It supports two daily newspapers — the " Mirror and Amer- ican" and the " Manchester Daily Union " ; three weeklies — the " Mirror and Farmer," the " Union Democrat " and the " Saturday Night Dispatch " ; one monthly — the " New Hampshire Journal of Music." A recent estimate made thirty-two secret organizations in the city and allowed them seven-eighths of the citizens. The New Hampshire Agri- cultural Society and the New Hampsliire Poultry Society have their headquarters in this city, where the treasurer of both, who is also treasurer of the New England Agricul- tural Society, resides. THE REFORM SCHOOL. In 1855 the state legislature passed an act which author- ized the governor and council to appoint a board of three commissioners, empowered to buy a tract of land and erect buildings thereon, to provide a " house of reformation for juvenile and female offenders against the laws." The com- missioners, — tlie Hon. Frederick Smyth of Manchester, the Hon. Matthew Harvey of Concord and Hosea Eaton of New Ipswich — were appointed that year and selected as the site for the house proposed the farm which was once the home of Gen. John Stark, two miles north of the city hall, on the Merrimack river. Concord railway and River road, con- " taining about one hundred acres. The price paid was ten thousand dollars, and another piece of ten acres was bought soon after for a thousand dollars more. The building was commenced in the spring of 1856, finished in the autumn of 1857 and furnished in the spring of 1858. Its cost was thirty-four thousand dollars ; the total cost, therefore, of Public Buildings. 81 building and land, was forty-five thousand dollars. Tlie house was dedicated on the twelfth of May, 1858, and oc- cupied at that time, when the first superintendent. Brooks Shattuck, was appointed. He was succeeded on the twen- tieth of April, 186G, by Isaac II. Jones. Upon his departure Edward Ingham was elected, the seventeenth of May, 1870. The present superintendent, John C. Ray, was appointed on the second of July, 1871. The institution is now known as the state reform school and is under the management of a board of nine trustees, by whom the superintendent is chosen, and who are appointed by the governor and council. The farm where the school is located is fertile and its cul- ture affords employment to the inmates. Upon it are two unfailing springs of pure water. The number of inmates is about one hundred, all but a few of whom are bojs. Be- sides the superintendent, matron, assistants and men in charge of the farm, there are teachers employed who give daily instruction to the inmates. A fire on the twentieth of December, 1865, nearly destroyed the building and the children were temporarily kept in the buildings known as the " Stark house " and " Gamble house," which had stood near by since the early settlement of the town. During their residence in it the Stark house was set on fire and consumed. As soon as possil)le after the fire, the old school building was repaired and the inmates returned to it. The institution is in annual receipt of interest from the legacies of James McKoen Wilkins of Mancliester and Moody Kent of Pembroke, Nvhich amount to six thousand and three thousand dollars, respectively. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. The county jail had been located in Amherst since the establishment of the courts, but the railways made Man- chester much more accessible and it was decided that its Manchester. 82 , .„,1 The new one was built by the city place sbould ''".^^Bed. 11>^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^,_^ ^^„,y cemetery, of Manchester '» 1^'^"' J"'' , ^^, Compa-Y ^nJ containnvg „„ a lot bought of ^^l^f'^X,J, squave feet. It .s „„e hundred and «'f ^'f ;;';„„,oJ,Uons tor seventy m- , brick bnildn,g and 1- ;"';°» .^^ •,,„, ,> Amherst and nrates. Gilbert H.Us lud b^e ^.^^ ^ ^^.^^^^^^^^ „^, continued in oftice t,ll 1865, w ^^^_^ ^ p,^,.,,. appointed,.vi^^o «-"- 'j,*;; , ^,,„,,dy, Daniel F '";';.rl;.y ----- -:r!,?,f : aiSt^ct a cost of forty ''-"-"th*;- «-'■""='"' "'' ^""'' structure situated upon the «"»<" j^;,,, ^ineteeu in streets. The lot where > s U . ^^ ^^^^ ^_^^^^^^^^ — "^^^''r8y:;n ..amon that no other huihling Company '" l**-'\??' ^-^ or county purposes should be -ir:,r -TwVtUs^r the ciremt court are held placed there yearly in Manchester. g,^^^ ;^„a Market ' The city hall stauds - f ^J';^, of thirty-five thou- streets and was budt -'H^^^J^^ ,, ,, ,,« finest buUdmg -;te:r-bnti:::n.'^e°^ contemptuously and wrU ;;: eie to another before many yea..^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^ %„' old town far,„ was ^oj 'J ^ ^„^ „„„ared acres for four thousand dollars^ It U ^^^^^ ^,^^ „^,„,„oth ,„d was situated upon Bi^ge ^^_^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ road. In 1816 there was -^d^" ^^ \ ,„„ t„e Mammoth hundred and tM-tyUve -c- ■ ^-^^^^ '^^^ f^„,,rty the road and adjacent to the old fa- n^ ^,,4 ed from property of Capt. Ephra^m ^';;Xn<^G. Stark, who UUninto the '"^.''^^f '''\,^o^ ,nd dollars. The widow ,„W it to the c.ty for st. '^ "^;^i,„„,,„d dollars to reUn- ot Capt. Stevens* was also paid Government. 83 quish her right of dower. Some of the land has been sold and tliere now remains of both farms abont two hundred aad twelve acres. The j)oor, who had been kept on the Davis farm, were moved in 184(3 to tlie building which is now used as a poor-house and house of correction and which was a large tavern when the stage-coaches ran daily over the Mammoth road. On the old farm is an unused pest-house and a pound. A new pest-house was built of brick in 1874 upon the old farm near the Mammoth road. GOVERNMENT. The government of the city is vested in a mayor, seven aldermen, one from each ward, and twenty-one members of the common council, three from each ward, all elected an- nually by the people. The mayor is chairman of the board of mayor and aldermen and the city clerk is the clerk of the board. The common council chooses a presiding officer from its members and appoints a clerk. The salary of the mayor is one thousand dollars, and the city clerk, whose duties are those of the clerk of any corporation with indef- inite and numberless additions, receives the same wages with the fees added. The salary of the clerk of the com- mon council is one hundred dollars. The aldermen and councihnen give their services to the city without pecuniary return. Seven assessors, one from each ward, elected annu- ally by the people, are paid three dollars a day while at work upon the tax-list. One moderator, one ward-clerk and three selectmen are elected annually from each ward. The moderator is paid three dollars a year and the clerk and selectmen five dollars each. One overseer of the poor,with a salary of twenty-five dollars, is elected annually by the people of each ward. The city councils in convention elect tbe city clerk and the city treasm-er, each with a salary of a thousand dollars ; the city solicitor who receives one hun- 84 Manchester. di-ed dollars ; the city physician whose salary is fifty dollars; the city messenger who is paid six hundred dollars ; the superintendent of the poor-farm and keeper ot the house of correction, whose wages are five hundred dollars ; the superintendents of highways, of whom the superintendent in district number two receives three dollars, and the rest two dollars, per day of actual service ; and several minor officers. The board of mayor and aldermen appoints annu- ally a collector of taxes with a salary of one thousand dollars, and a city liquor agent with a salary of one hundred dollars. Tbe mayor anniially appoints three health officers who receive twenty-five dollars each. POLICE, The police court was established with the city and its first justice was the Hon. Samuel D. Bell, who assumed the office in October, 1846. Upon his appointment as justice of the court of common pleas, he was succeeded in June, 1848, by the Hon. Chandler E. Potter, who served tillJuly, 1855, when the Hon. Isaac W. Smith was appointed. Upon his retirement in February, 1857, the Hon. Samuel Upton succeeded to the office and continued in it till July, 1874, wben the present justice, the Hon. Joseph W. Fellows, was appointed. The special justices during this time, of whom there were two in office at once till the amendment of the city charter in June, 1848, reduced the number by one, were Isaac Riddle, Joseph Cochran, jr., Warren L. Lane, George Bell, Amos B. Shattuck, Elijah M. Topliff, Henry E. Burnham and Newton H. Wilson. Judge Potter and Judge Smith, in whose time there was little room in the city hall to sj)are, held court in the rooms in the rear of the second floor of Riddle 'vS building on the corner of Elm and Hanover streets. In 1857, during Judge Ujtton's ad- ministration, the hall of the city building, which had occu- Fire Department. 85 pied the whole space from the second floor to the roof, was divided horizontally by a third floor, and in the space thus gained rooms were built to one of which the court was removed. The officers of the court at present consist of a justice, a special justice to officiate in the former's absence, and a clerk. The justice is the Hon. Joseph W. Fellows and his salary is fifteen hundred dollars. The special justice is Newton H. Wilson, who receives two dollars for each day of actual service. The clerk is Roland C. Rowell and his salary is three hundred dollars. The criminal docket is called daily and the civil docket on the first Wednesday of each month. The court was made in 1874 a court of rec- ord and naturalization. The criminal cases of 1873 were nearly fifteen hundred and the amount of fines and costs nearly ten thousand dollars,^which is one source of income to the city. The police force consists of a city marshal, with a salary of nine hundred and fifty dollars ; an assistant marshal with a salary of seven hundred and seventy-five dollars ; a captain of the night watch, who receives two dollars and a half a day ; two day policemen and twelve night watchmen who receive two dollars and twenty-five cents a day ; six constables of whom the marshal and assistant marshal are two ; besides a large number of special police officers. These are all appointed annually by the board of mayor and aldermen. The cost of the depai'tment to the city in 1873 was about nineteen thousand dollars. FIRE DEPARTMENT. The fire department consists of a chief engineer and four assistant engineers, four engine companies, to consist of not over fourteen members, one hose company and one hook and ladder company, to consist of not over thirty 86 Manchester. members each. The engineers are annually elected by the city councils. The salary of tlie chief is one hundred dol- lars, and of the assistants fifty dollars. Tbo members of tlie department receive a salary of fifty dollars each, with higher wages for certain officers. The list of the compa- nies is as follows : Amoskeag Steamer Company Number One, fourteen men, George R. Simmons foreman ; Fire King Steamer Company Number Two, fourteen men, James F. Pherson foreman ; E. W. Harrington Steamer Company Number Three, twelve men, John Patterson foreman ; N. S. Bean Steamer Company Number Four, fourteen men, W. H. Vickery foreman ; Pennacook Hose Company Number One, twenty men, Thomas W. Lane foreman ; Excelsior Hook and Ladder Company Number One, thirty men, John N. Chase foreman. Pennacook is the name of the In- dians who dwelt around the falls and Amoskeag the name the falls were given by them. Such titles as Fire King and Excelsior need no explanation and the other steamer com- panies were named in honor of former engineers. This is the outgrowth of the vote of the town in 1839 to buy a fire engine and necessary apparatus. Others were bought as required and those which were owned by the manufacturing corporations were added to them, so that there were some eight or ten engine and hose companies under the city's control when the fiist steam fire engine, the first the Amoskeag Company ever made, was bought in 1859. From that time on, as more steamers were bought and the old hand engines discarded, a gradual reduction of the members of the fire department brought it to its pres- ent [)roportions. The four steamers are all of the Amoskeag Company's make, two first-class and two second-class, three of which, with a hose carriage and hook-and-laiklcr wagon, are lo- cated in the brick engine-house on Vine street, while the other is situated in Piscataquog village. A hose carriage, Ffre Department. 87 from tlie Company's shop, Ims recently been added, and the one which was nsed by the Pennacooks will be put in charge of a new company not yet formed. There is, be- sides, a hose carriage at Gotfe's Falls and one at Amoskeag, There are 'scattered all over the thickly settled part of the city two hundred nnd forty-seven hydrants supplied from tlie water-works and thirty-seven reservoirs and cisterns supplied from brooks and ponds. The dcpaitmcnt uses ten thousand feet of hose ; the total value of its engines, car- riages, hose, etc., is not far from thirty-two thousand dollars ; and its cost in 1873 was nearly fourteen thousand dollars. A fire alarm telegraph was constructed in 1872 at a cost of sixteen thousand dollars. It is a network of seventeen miles of wire, traversing the compact part of the city and reaching to Amoskeag and Piscataquog villages, Hallsville and Bakersville. There are thirty-three alarm boxes,whose keys are kept at houses or stores in their immediate vicin- ity, and five strikers, situated on the city hall, the Lincoln- street and Ash-street school-houses, the engine-house in Piscataquog village and a tower at the north end of the city. There are three large gongs, one at the Amoskeag machine shop and two at the engine-house, and eight small gongs upon the houses of the engineers and others. Connected with the department is a firemen's relief as- sociation, a tax upon whose members is levied for the as- sistance of any one of them who is hurt at a fire. It was organized on the fourteenth of February, 1873, and has about one hundred members. Its president is B. C. Ken- dall ; its vice-president, Joel Daniels ; its secretary, J. E. Merrill ; its treasurer, Horatio Fradd. 88 Manchester. public library. Ill 17U.3 a number of gentlemen of Derryfield and its vicinity established themselves as " The Proprietors of the Social Library in Derryfield." The association was con- tinued till 1838 when it was dissolved and the books di- vided among the members. The " Manchester Athencr um" was established on the nineteenth of February, 1844. Its members formed a library, museum and reading-room. In 1846 it received from the Amoskeag Company a gift of one thousand dollars, and of five hundred from the Stark Mills, and the next year the Manchester Print-VVorks made a donation of five hundred dollars. In 1854 the library contained nearly three thousand volumes and in that year, after an act to authorize the transaction had been passed by the legislature, the property of the Atheneum was transferred to the city and the library was made free. By the conditions of the deed the city must make an annual appropriation of a thousand dollars for the purchase of books and provide for meeting tlie running expenses. Tlie entire managenjent of the library was to be vested in a board of nine trustees, of whom the mayor and president of the common council for the time being are ex-officio members, and the rest are chosen by the trustees and al- dermen in convention. When first chosen they were to hold their office severally for one, two, three, four, five, six and seven years, and as one retired, his place was filled by another who was elected for seven years. The library prospered finely till 1856, when the fire of the fifth of Feb- ruary in Patten's block, where it was situated, nearly an- iiihilated it. Its remains were taken to Smyth's block and thence to rooms in Merchants' Exchange, but, after the re- building of Patten's block, were removed to it in 1857. In July, 1871, it was located in a brick building erected for its use at a cost of tliirty thousand doUars upon a lot on Frank- lin street which was given by the Amoskeag Company. c w r >— < o r 5 > Public Library. 89 The first board of trustees elected consisted of Samuel D. Bell, Daniel Clark, David Gillis, William P. Newell, Ezekiel A. Straw, William C. Clarke, Sauuiel N. Bell. In 1862 David Gillis was succeeded by Samuel Webber, and he in 1865 gave place to Phinehas Adams. Upon the death of Samuel D. Bell in July, 1868, Waterman Smith was appointed and he iu 1873 was succeeded by Nathan P. Hunt. Upon the death of William C. Clarke in April, 1872, Isaac W. Smith was chosen to fill the vacancy. The remaining trustees have been re-elected as often as their terms expired. Samuel N. Bell has been the treasurer of the board from its formation. William C. Claike was its clerk up to the time of his death, the vacancy being filled by the election of Isaac W. Smith. Francis B. Eaton was the librarian from 1854 till October, 1863, when he re- signed and Marshall P. Hall was appointed. He served till June, 1865, and was then succeeded by Ben: F. Stan- ton. The latter in April, 1866, gave place to Charles H. Marshall, the present incumbent. There are now in the library about seventeen thousand seven hundred volumes, in which are reckoned about nine hundred pamphlets and eighteen maps. With it is con- nected a reading-room, supplied with sixty periodicals, and both are open eight hours, day and evening, six days in the week, throughout all but six weeks of the year. The late Dr. Oliver Dean, who was so prominent in connection with the early manufacturing interests of the city, left the li- brary five thousand dollars, whose income must be devoted to the purchase of books. h\ 1872 it was given by the late Hon. Gardner Brewer of Boston a collection of six hun- dred and eighty-three volumes, many of them valuable works, and which is known as the " Brewer Donation." The salary of the librarian is eight hundred dollars, and the annual cost of the library, outside of the necessary appropriation of a thousand dollars, is not far from two 6 90 Manchester. thousand dollars. During the two hundred and forty days in which the library was open in 1873 for the delivery of books the number drawn was thirty-five thousand one hun- dred and eighty, a daily average of one hundred and forty- six, and of these only four were missing at the end of the year. WATER-WORKS. It has been mentioned that, startled by the burning of the town-house in 1844, the town chose a committee, one of whose members, the Hon. E. A. Straw, is the president of the present board of water commissioners, to examine the sources of water supply for the town. It had been sup- posed that the brooks which crossed it would furnish all the water that was needed at a moderate cost, but the com- mittee, after making the necessary surveys, reported that Massabesic pond was the only sufficient source. The cost of bringing it thence was an insurmountable obstacle, and the citizens contented themselves with small reservoirs. But the matter was continually coming up in one way and another. Private enterprise attempted what the town shrank from doing. In 1845 the Manchester Aqueduct Company was chartered by the legislature ; in 1852 the Manchester Aqueduct obtained a charter, as did a company of the same name in 1857 ; the last organization of the kind was in 1865 when the City Aqueduct was incorpo- rated. The city was asked to take stock in the latter but refused. All three organizations failed of their mission, being generally unwilling to undertake a work of so much magnitude and whose results were doubtful. In 1860 the Hon. James A. Weston, the Hon. Jacob F. James and the Rev. William Richardson made a large number of sur- veys and reported upon them. Another report was made by J. B. Sawyer in 1869. In 1871 the city councils ap- pointed a committee to conduct an examination of the Water-Works. 91 sources of water supply to be made by a competent engin- eer. The committee selected William J. McAlpine of Pitts- field, Mass., for that purpose, and he, after a personal ex- amination of the neighborhood, delivered a public lecture upon the subject and made a report which was published at the time, recommending Massabesic pond as the most available source of supply. It had at length been discovered that the construction and control of water-works would be better conducted by the city than by private enterprise, and in 1871 the city councils requested of the state legislature authority for the undertaking. That authority was granted by the act of the thirtieth of June. 1871, and on the first day of August an ordinance, in accordance with the act, was passed by the city councils. The city was empowered by the legislature to construct water-works at a gost of not over six hundred thousand dollars to be raised by loan or taxation, and to appoint a board of seven commissioners to have them in charge, of which the mayor is an ex-officio member. There were elected by the mayor and aldermen, in whom the choice was vested, the Hon. E. A. Straw, the Hon. E. W. Harrington, the Hon. William P. Newell, Aretas Blood, Alpheus Gay, A. C. Wallace. The Hon. S. N. Bell was chosen their clerk by the board. By the terms of the act these were to hold office one, two, three, four, five and six years respectively, the length of each commissioner's term of office to be determined by lot, and thereafter upon the retirement of each member one was to be chosen for the term of six years. The retiring members have thus far been re-elected. The commissioners were directed by the city councils to examine carefully different systems of water-works, especi- ally the direct-pressure system, so called, and they visited for this purpose Ogdensburg, N. Y., Montreal, P. Q., Nor- wich, Conn., Worcester, Mass., and other places where 92 Manchester. water-works were in operation. They employed Col. J. T. Fanning, who had superintended the construction of water- works at Norwich, to make surveys of water-sheds in the vicinity, and his report favored the adoption of Massabesic lake as a source of supply. Among the different sources which had been considered were Merrimack and Piscata- quog rivers, Dorr, Chase, Burnham, and Stevens ponds. Maple Falls brook and Sawyer pond combined, and Massa- besic lake. In April, 1872, a public hearing was given by the coiumissioners to all persons interested and then a vote was taken to determine what source should be used. The result of the ballot was, five in favor of Massabesic lake, one in favor of Burnham's pond and one in fnvor of the latter as a present source of supply. After the choice had thus been made, it was decided to adopt hydraulic power as a means for pumping the water, and to locate the pump- ing station near the old Haseltine mill-site, the dam across Cohas brook near the Clough & Foster saw-mill and the distributing reservoir upon the summit of the hill at Man- chester Centre near the " old parsonage." After these pre- liminaries had been settled and Col. Fanning had Ijeen ap- pointed chief engineer of the water-works, the necessary plans were drawn and contracts made lor the supply and laying of the pipes, the necessary machinery, etc. Land which might be flowed by the dam at the lake was acquired from the owners. The work was begun in July, 1872, and finished, substantially, in the fall of 1874, occupying over two years in all, and costing about the amount al- lowed by the legislative act, — six hundred thousand dol- lars. In Judge Potter's history of Manchester, published in 1856, the hope is expressed that the water of Massabesic lake may be brought into the city at no distant day. " It is estimated," says he, "that by a dam at these falls (the present location of the water-works dam) the water of the Massabesic can be brought into the city for eighty thousand Water-Works. 93 dollars." Water was pumped from the lake into the city on the fourth of July, 1874. Massabesic lake, which has thus been irrevocably fixed as the source of supply for some time to come, lies easterly of the city, has an area of twenty-four hundred acres, a water-shed of forty-five square miles and a circumference of twenty miles on the shore line. Dr. S. Dana Hayes, state assayer of Massachusetts, has made an analysis of its water and declares it " remarkably pure, being prefer- able to that now supplied to any of the large cities in the United States." The amount of its flow is estimated to be not less than forty million gallons a day. At its outlet by Cohas brook a dam has been built of granite masonry and hai'd earth embankments to a height of twenty-four feet from the lake's level. The water flows through gate- ways from the pent-up brook into a canal of fourteen hun- dred feet in length and through a wooden cylinder called a "penstock," six hundred feet long, to the wheels which it drives and the pumps which it feeds. Thence it is driven through the force-main, seven thousand feet long and twenty inches in diameter, to the reservoir at Manchester Centre, whence it issues to radiate through twenty miles of pipe in the city proper, reaching Elm street in a distance of thir- teen thousand five hundred feet through twenty-inch pipe laid in the highway through Massabesic and Park streets. The Amoskeag Company's reservoir was used by the water- works after their distribution pipe had been laid, and alter the pumping machinery had been set the lake's water was pumped into it till the completion of the reservoir at the Centre. That has a capacity of sixteen million gallons. It is one hundred and fifty-two feet above Elm street at the city hall, one hundred and eighty-eight feet above the level of Canal street at the Concord railway passenger station, and one hundred and thirteen feet in vertical height from the pumps which supply it. 94 Manchester. The house which contains the pumping machinery and a tenement for the use of the man in charge of it is located a short distance from the lake. It is seventy feet long and forty-five feet wide and is built of brick with granite trimmings. A broad avenue extends from the reservoir to the pumping station, ending in a driveway along the pen- stock and canal and over the dam. The pumps and wheels are worked under a fall of forty-five feet, equal to five hun- dred horse-powers, having the capacity to pump and fur- nish water for a city of one hundred and twenty-five thou- sand inhabitants. There are two turbine wheels of three feet diameter each, and two pairs of upright pumps of the class known as " bucket and plunger." They are double- acting, forcing the water toward the reservoir with both up and down strokes. The shafts and gearing are so ar- ranged that either turbine can be made to drive either pair of pumps at full speed, or either turbine may be made to drive both pairs of pumps at a slower speed. The four pump cylinders have a diameter of sixteen inches and the stroke of the pumps is forty inches. The pumps can be run at a maximum speed of thirty strokes a minute, and at this speed each pair will deliver one thousand nine hundred and eighty gallons of water a minute, or two million eight hundred and fifty-one thou- sand two hundred gallons in twenty-four hours. This would be equal to supplying sixty gallons a day to each of forty-seven thousand five hundred ))erson8. Both j)airs of pumps will together deliver five million seven hundred and two thousand four hundred gallons in twenty-four hours, or a supply of sixty gallons a day for upwards of ninety thou- sand persons. The distribution pipes are made of wrought iron, cement-lined. The force-main and supply-main are each twenty inches in diameter, while the other pipes are, respectively, fourteen, twelve, ten, eight, six and four inches. The pipes and machinery were made and set by contract ; > o in H > H o o^ /\ C o CO > H O 2 Fires. 95 the reservoir was built directly by the commissioners. The *' aiiiiual income from the works, arising from the fees of consumers and the rates paid by the city for hydrants, was in 1873 about eighteen thousand dollars or about three per cent, of the cost of the works, and at the close of 1874 had reached a rate of twenty-five thousand dollars annually. FIRES. Manchester has had its share of fires, though it has never been the victim of one of those conflagrations, so common of late years, which consume a city in a night. The earliest fire of much consequence was that which. May 14, 1840, destroyed the Amoskeag Company's mill upon an island in the river at Amoskeag Falls, which was built for a machine-shop, and used subsequently for the manufacture of tickings and was known as the " Island mill. " In 1844, on the twelfth of August, occurred the fire which consumed tlie town house, to which reference has already been made. Tbe attic was then occupied as an armory by the " Stark Guards " and the " Granite Fusil- eers." There the fire was started by a lighted paper care- lessly thrown upon the floor, and there it burned unnoticed till it gathered such headway as to be beyond control. The post-office was then kept in the building, and its contents, together with those of the stores which occupied the lower story, were saved. J. C. Emerson, who had been the pub- lisher of several newspapers, had a printing-office in the third story, and that, with the effects of the military com- panies, was destroyed. The loss to the town and individ- uals was about thirty thousand dollars. There were still left at Amoskeag Falls in what was then Goffstown two wooden mills built by the Amoskeag Com- pany or its predecessors in the early days, which occupied 96 Manchester. the spot where the paper-mill of P. C. Cheney & Co. now stands and which were known as the " old mill " and the " bell mill." They were heated by twenty-eight old-fash- ioned box-stoves for burning wood, and one man built the fires in each of them every day. Early in the morning of March 28, 1848, sparks flew from a fire already kindled, while the man was starting others, and set fire to the wood woi-k. The mills were but fourteen feet apart, saturated with oil, and were consumed at once. The loss was esti- mated at seventy thousand dollars. Till then the famous " A. C. A." tickings had been made there. March 16, 1850, a fire broke out in the north end of what was then called number two mill, belonging to the Stark corporation, and burned the roof and upper story, causing a loss of thirty thousand dollars. Wooden pulleys were then used for the belting to run over, as it went up through the floors, and the heat generated by the friction was intense. As long as the machinery was in motion, the current of air it excited kept the lint from contact with the hot wheels, but when that ceased and the pulleys happened to be over-heated, the blaze was quickly spread. At that time the operatives came into the mill at five o'clock and worked two hours before going out to breakfast. They left at once when the machinery stopped and were out of the building when the fire was discovered. July 5, 1802, Baldwin & Co.'s steam-mill on Manchester street, which stood where D. B. Varney's brass-foundry now is, was burned, together with several buildings adja- cent and across the street. It was feared at one time that the fire would reach to Hanover street. The wind was high and shingles heated to live coals were blown as far as the old high-school house on Lowell street. The house on the '' Harris estate," on the corner of Hanover and Pine streets, occupied by Col. Phinehas Adams, the agent of the Stark Mills, was set on fire by sparks. Fires. 97 About five o'clock in the morning of September 22, 1853, a fire broke out in the drying-room of the printing depart- ment of the Manchester Print-Works, where then the cloths were hung in great quantities on frames to dry. The facil- ities for putting out fires were then of small account and the main building of the printery was consumed, other buildings being saved only by the greatest exertions. The loss was about two hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars. In the night of the fifteenth of July, 1855, occurred the fire which destroyed the south half of number one mill owned by the Manchester Print-Works. The lamp in a watchman's lantern fell, as he was passing through the carding-room in the lower story, into a pile of yarn. The first application of water checked the flames, and, the fire being considered extinguislied, the people who had gath- ered set out to return home, when the breaking out of the fire anew called them back. The blaze mounted directly to the attic and it was impossible to quench it. Tiie mill, up to the brick wall which divided it midway, was de- stroyed, causing a loss of about two hundred and seventy thousand dollars. One unfortunate cii'cumstance helped the flames. The water from the Amoskeag Company's reservoir on Harrison street, especially provided for use in case of fire, strangely failed in a little while and the cause was not discovered till some time after the fire. The water was brought through the mill-yards by a pipe of eight inches in diameter wiiich was laid just in front of the buildings. Eleven years liefore a gate had been put in the pipe, where it ran through the yard of the Stark Mills, to stop the water temporarily. The lod which moved it up and down was fastened to it by a nut and screw. Wlien the need for stopping the water had ceased, the gate was lifted up, fastened and left. In process of time the iron rusted, the nut came ofT and the gate fell, with no one's knowledge, shutting off all the water but a little which 98 Manchester. flowed underneath the gate where a chance stick kept it from entirely closing. The pipe, of course, was full all the way, and, when this fire broke out, there was an apparent plenty of water, but the supply was soon exhausted and the mill was burned. There is now a pipe of fourteen inches in diameter which was laid beneath the track of the Concord railway and has no gate in it but at the reservoir. While this was still raging, an alarm was sounded from the main street, a fire having broken out between Manches- ter and Hanover streets, just back of Elm, which threat- ened to sweep the whole square. After this had been burning an hour, the Hon. T. T. Abbot, then mayor of the city, came to the mills to implore help, fearing that the fire would cross flanover street and go northward. At that time there were seven hand-engines in the city, of which the city owned four and the corporations the rest. The latter, however, were at the city's service except when needed at the mills. Waterman Smith was then agent of the Manchester Mills, Charles H. Dalton of the Print- Works, David Gillis of the Amoskeag New Mills and Phin- ehas Adams of the Stark Mills. The first three remained to look after the fire in the mill, while Mr. Adams took one engine to help the city. He ransacked the Stark Mills for hose and stretched a line of it from a hydrant in the mill- yard up to Hanover street, where it did good service. This later fire was started in a paint-shop on the back street be- tween Manchester and Hanover streets and a little east of Elm street. It consumed a good deal of property in the heart of the square, burned all the wooden buildings on Elm street which then occupied the spot where Merchants' Exchange now stands, but did not cross Hanover, Man- chester or Chestnut streets, though the First Congrega- tional church and otiicr buildings on the north side of Hanover street were scorched. About five o'clock in the morning of February 5, 1856, Fires. 99 fire was discovered in the building known as " Patten's block," which stood on Ehii street, just north of the city hall, taking up the rest of that square. It was occupied in part by stores, in part by the public library and lawyers' offices, and in part by the three establishments of the *' Daily Mirror," "Daily American " and "Weekly Union." Nothing could check the flames and the building was con- sumed, nearly all the volumes in the library being burned. The loss was estimated at seventy-five thousand dollars. In the afternoon of September 3, 1856, a fire broke out near Elm street between Concord and Lowell streets. It burned a house belonging to William Patten (the owner of Patten's block), stores and stables, and injured a house owned by E. P. Offutt where the flames were stayed. A line of hose was stretched from the yard of the Stark Mills up Spring street to the fire, and this was kept in use all night long, a channel being dug to lay it in beneath the railway track, so that the cars would not cut it. The loss at this fire was about ten thousand dollars. A fire at Janesville, June 3, 1857, which destroyed Bald- win & Co.'s steam-mill, there being no water to extinguish it, was remarkable for the death of Charles Horr, who was killed by the falling of a brick wall expanded by the heat, upon the building he was in, crushing it to the ground and burying him beneath it. May 19, 1862, a fire broke out on Manchester street, about halfway between Chestnut and Elm, which burned across to Hanover street, destroying a number of tenement- houses, causing a loss of fifteen thousand dollars. On the fifth of the next June a fire burned the brewery and steam-mill belonging to Joseph A. Haines and A. C. Wallace, situated in Piscataquog village on the south bank of the Piscataquog river. The sparks set fire to the wood- en bridge which crossed the river there, aud it was con- sumed. The loss was about twelve thousand dollars. 100 Manchester. December 20, 1865, a fire broke out in the state reform scliool on the river road about two miles from the city hall. One steam fire engine reached there after some delay and, when it was found that another was needed, the one in Piscataquog village was sent for, it not being- thought ad- visable to take from the city proper the two engines which were there. The greater part of the building was burned to the ground. On the first of March, 1867, at three o'clock in the morning, fire destroyed an old frame building at Amoskeag village, belonging to the Amoskeag Company and occupied by D. K. White for a grocery store and by Grain, Leland & Moody for the manufacture of shoes. A building which stood near by was partly burned. The loss amounted to twenty-five thousand dollars, much stock and machinery being ruined. August 29, 1869, a fire, wliicli started in the carding-room of the stocking-mill occupied by John Brugger in Mechan- ics' Row, burned fifteen thousand dollars' worth of stock and machinery. A little before three o'clock on the morning of July 8, 1870, broke out the largest fire which ever occurred in the city outside of the mills. It is supposed to have caught from a steam-boiler in premises occupied by 8. C. Merrill on Manchester street near Elm. Thence it spread with great rapidity and could not be checked till it had burned over nearly the whole territory bounded by Hanover and Chestnut streets, Manchester south back street and Elm east back street. The water which came from Hanover square pond failed at a critical moment, and it was feared at times that the Manchester House would l)c burned and that the flames would go east of Chestnut and north of Hanover streets. The First Congregational church again suffered, its surface being scorched and the old trees which stood in front of it being ruined. There was then no fire alarm tel- Fires. 101 egraph, and it was a long time before the engine in Piscata- quog village could be obtained ; there were no water-works and the supply of water was wholly inadequate. The en- gines of the Manchester Print- Works and the Amoskeag Company rendered valuable aid in subduing the flames. Among the buildings burned were the First Baptist church on the corner of Manchester and Chestnut streets, the Ma- sonic Temple, a hotel, printing-offices, stores, shops and tenement-houses. The loss was set at two hundred thou- sand dollars. The wind blew a gale that night, and large sparks flew as far as Col. Franklin Tenney's residence at the corner of Elm and Myrtle streets. The fire at one time threatened to burn the whole city and there was talk of blowing up buildings to arrest its progress. In the afternoon of June 6, 1871, the bridge over the Merrimack river belonging to the Manchester & North Weare railway was destroyed by a fire which is supposed to have caught from sparks from a locomotive engine. It burned very quickly and in a few minutes fell into the river. 102 Manchester. MARSHALS AND ASSISTANT MARSHALS. FROM 1846 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1846. Marshal— George T. Clark. Assistant Marshals | James Waufcr'''' 1847. Marshal — Daniel L. Stevens. Assistant Marshal— Joseph M. Kowell. 1848. Marshal — Eohert Means. Assistant Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. 1849. Marshal — Robert Means. Assistant Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. 1850. Marshal — Joseph M. Rowell. Assistant Marshal — George P. Prescott. 1851. Marshal — Daniel L. Stevens. Assistant Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. 1852. Marshal — Daniel L. Stevens. Assistant Marshal — William H. Hill. 1853. Marshal— William H. Hill. Assistant Marshal— Isaac Tompkins. 1854. Marshal—William H. Hill. Assistant Marshal — Henry Clough. Marshals. 103 1855. Marshal — Samuel Hall. Assistant Marshal— Albert P. Colby, 1856. Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. Assistant Marshal— Isaac W. Farmer. 1857. Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. Assistant Marshal— I. W. Farmer. 1858. Marshal — Henry G. Lowell. Assistant Marshal— William B. Patten. 1859. Marshal— I. W. Farmer, Assistant Marshal— William B. Patten. 1860. Marshal — John L. Kelly. Assistant Marshal — Justin Spear. 1861. Marshal— William B, Patten, Assistant Marshal— Benjamin C. Haynes. 1862. Marshal— William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal— Benjamin C. Haynes. 1863. Marshal — John S. Yeaton. Assistant Marshal— Daniel K. Prescott. 1864. Marshal— John S. Yeaton. Died April 27, 1864. Henry Clough, vice Yeaton. Assistant Marshal— Daniel K. Prescott, continued in office from 1863. Daniel W. Fling, elected April 27, 1864. 104 Manchester. 1865. Marshal — Benjamin C. Haynes. Assistant Marslial— Daniel R. Prescolt. 186(3. Marshal — Henry Clough . Assistant Marshal — Daniel R. Prescott. 1867. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — Eben Carr. 1868. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — Eben Carr. 1869. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — Eben Carr. 1870. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — Eben Carr. 1871. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — John D. Howard. 1872. Marshal — William B. Patten. Assistant Marshal — John D. Howard. 1873.. Marshal — Gilman H. Kimliall. Assistant Marshal — Daniel R. Prescott. 1874. Marshal — Darwin A. Simons. Assistant Marshal — Danicil R. Prescott. 1875. Marshal — Darwin A. Simons. Assistant Marshal— Daniel R. Prescott. Engineers. 105 ENGINEERS OF THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, FROM 1846 TO THE PRESENT TIME. 1846. Chief Engineer — William C. Clarke. Assistant Engineers — William Shepherd, Jonathan T. P. Hunt, Waller French, Ezekiel A. Straw, John P. Adriance, Henry G. Lovfell. 1847. Chief Engineer — William C. Clarke. Assistant Engineers — Ezekiel A. Straw, Henry G. Lowell, Jon- athan T. P. Hunt, John P. Adriance, Joseph Mitchell, William P. Newell. 1848. Chief Engineer — William C. Clarke. Assistant Engineers — John P. Adriance, Jonathan T. P. Hunt, Ezekiel A. Straw, Frederick A. Hussey, Caleb Duxbury, George W. Tilden. 1849. Chief Engineer — Isaac C. Flanders. Assistant Engineers — Cyrus Baldwin, Frederick Smyth, Samuel W. Parsons, John Twombly, Charles A. Luce, Samuel P. Greeley. 1850. Chief Engineer — Warren L. Lane. Assistant Engineers — Jacob F. James, Samuel W. Parsons, Frederick Sm3'tli, Charles A. Luce, Daniel L. Stevens, Cyrus Baldwin. 1851. Chief Engineer — Jacob F. James,* Daniel Clark .f Assistant Engineers — Samuel W. Parsons,* Charles A. Luce, Harry Leeds. James A. Stearns, Frederick Smyth, Cyrus Bald- win,* Ezekiel A. Straw,! Samuel H. Ayer,t David Gillis,t Alonzo Smith. t 1852. Chief Engineer — Daniel Clark. Assistant Engineers — James A. Stearns, Alonzo Smith, Harry Leeds, Jonatlian T. P. Hunt, John H. Maynard, Phinehas Adams, Caleb Duxbury. *Resigaeil February 4, 1852. t Appointed February 4, 1852. 7 106 Manchester. 1853. Chief Engineer — John H. Maynard. Assistant Engineers — Charles H. Brown, John B. Clarke, James A. Stearns, Caleh Duxbury, Harry Leeds, William B. Webster, John Q. A. Sargent, Eeuben D. Mooers, John L. Kelly. 1854. Chief Engineer — John H. Maynard. Assistant Engineers — Caleb Duxbury, AVilliam B, Webster, John Q, A. Sargent, Charles H. Brown, Jolni L. Kelly, John B. Clarke, Reuben D, Mooers, Harry Leeds, Andrew C. Wallace. 1855. Chief Engineer — Jacob F. James. Assistant Engineers — Alden W. Sanborn, Charles H. Brown, Francis H. Lyford, Peter S. Brown, Nathaniel Baker, 2d, Charles Buntou, George W. Eiddle, Ephraim T. Corey, Henry T. Mowatt, Alpheus Gay, jr. 1856. Chief Engineer — John H. Maynard. Assistant Engineers — Charles H. Brown, John L. Kelly, John Q. A. Sargent, Harry Leeds, Reuben D. Mooers, Caleb Duxbury, Orison Hardy, Edward W. Harrington, Phinehas Adams. 1857. Chief Engineer — Peter S. Brown, Assistant Engineers — Phinehas Adams, Charles H. Brown, John L. Kelly, Israel Dow, Orison Hardy, Eben French, Samuel W. Parsons, Jonathan T. P. Hunt, Alfred G. Fairbanks, Alpheus Gay, jr. 1858. Chief Engineer — Peter S. Brown. Assistant Engineers — John L. Kelly, Charles H. Brown, Al- pheus Gay, jr., Edward W. Harrington, Phinehas Adams, Sidney Smith, Samuel G. Langley, Eben French. 1859. Chief Engineer — Jonathan T. P. Hunt. Assistant Engineers — Phinehas Adams, John Moulton, Samuel W. Parsons, John L. Kelly, Benjamin F. Martin, Samuel G. Lang- ley, Eben French, William T. Evans, Albe C. Heath, Daniel W. Fling. 1860. Chief Engineer — Jonathan T. P. Hunt. Assistant Engineers — Daniel AV. Fling, Alpheus Branch, Israel Dow, John C. Young, Charles II. G. Foss, Albe C. Heath, Brown S. Flanders. Engineers. 107 1861. Chief Ens^'mcer— Albe C. Heath. Assistant Enyineers — Daniel W. Fling, Israel Dow, Charles H. G. Foss, Brown S. Flanders, Andrew J, Butter-field, John C. Young. 1862. Chief Engineer— Daniel W. Fling. Assistant Engineers— Charles II. G. Foss, Israel Dow, Edward W. Harrington, iSJehemiah S. Bean. 1863. Chief Engineer — Daniel W. Fling. Assistant Engineers — Charles H. G. Foss, Israel Dow, Albe C. Heath, Xehemiah S. Bean. 1864. Chief Engineer— Albe C. Heath. Assistant Engineers — Ezra Huntington, Israel Dow, Moses O. Pearson, Daniel W. Fling. Nehemiah S. Bean, Freeman Higgins. 1865. Chief Engineer — ^ehemiah S. Bean. Assistant Engineers — Daniel W. Fling, Israel Dow, Charles H. G. Foss, Freeman Higgins, Benjamin C. Kendall, Ezra Huntington. 1866. Chief Engineer — Nehemiah S. Bean. Assistant Engineers — Daniel W. Fling, Israel Dow, Freeman Higgins, Ezra Huntington, Benjamin C. Kendall. 1867. Chief Engineer — Israel Dow. Assistant Engineers — Edwin P. Richardson, Elijah Chandler, Benjamin C. Kendall, Gilman H. Kimball. 1868. Chief Engineer— Israel Dow. Assistant Engineers — Benjamin C. Kendall, Edwin P. Richard- son, Elijah Chandler, Wilberforce Ireland. 1869. Chief Engineer — Edwin P. Richardson. Assistant Engineers — Benjamin C. Kendall, Wilberforce Ire- land, Andrew C. Wallace, Elijah Cliandler, George Holbrook. 108 Manchester. 1870. Chief Engineer — Edwin P. Eicliardson. Assistant Engineers — Benjamin C. Kendall, Wilberforce Ire- land, Andrew C. Wallace, Elijah Chandler. 18T1. Chief Engineer — Benjamin C. Kendall. Assistant Engineers — Wilberforce Ireland, Andrew C. Wallace, Elijah Chandler, William T. Evans. 1872. Chief Engineer — Benjamin C. Kendall. Assistant Engineers — Wilberforce Ireland, Andrew C. Wallace, Albion H. Lowell, William T. Evans. 1873. Chief Engineer — Benjamin C. Kendall. Assistant Engineers — Wilberforce Ireland, Andrew C. Wallace, Albion H. Lowell, Ereeman Higgins. 1874. Chief Engineer — Benjamin C. Kendall. Assistant Engineers — Wilberforce Ireland, Andrew C. Wallace, Albion H. Lowell, Freeman Higgins. 1875. Chief Engineer — Albion H. Lowell. Assistant Engineers — Freeman Higgins, Wilberforce Ireland, Andrew C. Wallace, Benjamin C. Kendall. SCHOOLS. 'oPULAR education met with little favor in Derry- field's early days. Though voluntary subscriptions for school purposes had kept its children from grow- ing up in total ignorance, it was not till 1781, when the town voted to hire a school-master for nine months of the next year, that a successful attempt was made to furnish the town with a public school. There were at that time no school-houses and the selectmen designated private dwell- ings in different parts of the town where school should be kept. In 1783 the selectmen, by making four divisions of the town for school purposes, originated the school-dis- trict system which continued eighty-five years. Subsequent changes made the number of districts three in 1798; five in 1808; seven in 1818; and later eight. But in 1840 the town was divided anew into nine, increased to eleven by the annexation of parts of Bedford and Goffstown in 1853, which remained very much the same till their abolishment in 1868, when the city assumed control of the schools as a whole. The first teacher whose name has been preserved was Jonathan Rand. All but five of the present scliool buildings were built under the district system. District number two included the compact part of the city and the rest are indifferently designated now by their old numbers or by some circum- stance of situation. In the suburban districts the houses liave been built since 1840, and many of them have since been exchanged for less anticpic structures. In the com- 110 Manchester. pact part of the city the earliest houses were small, Avooden, one-story structures, built thus in accordance with the ad- vice of the late Chief-Justice Bell, that, as the city grew, permanent structures sliould take their place at the centres of population and they be removed to less thickly settled localities to await another change. The dates of erection and the estimated value of the school-houses now standing, follow : The old high-school house, on the corner of Lowell and Chestnut streets, was built in 1841 and is valued at $(3,500 : the unused wooden house on the corner of Bridge and Union streets, in 1847, and is worth $500 ; the house on Park street near Elm, in 1847, and is worth $8,000 ; the wooden house at Webster's Mills, not far from that time, and is valued at $600 ; the house on Spring street near Elm, in 1848, and is worth $14,000 ; the house on the corner of Manchester and Chestnut streets, in 1853, and is worth $8,000 ; the Wil- son-hill house was built of wood in 1855, valued at $3,300; in 1856 were built the house on the corner of Merrimack and Union streets, valued at $j 5,000, the house on Centre street in Piscataquog and the south house in tiie same vil- lage, both of wood, valued at $5,000 and $2,800 respect- ively ; the house on the corner of Franklin and Pleasant streets in 1857, worth $18,000 ; the house on Blodget street in 1859, valued at $3,000 ; in 1860, or about that time, were built the wooden house near Massabcsic pond, worth $1,400, the wooden house near Mosquito pond, worth $1,000, and the house at Amoskeag village, worih $3,700 ; the wooden house at Bakei'sville, in 1863, worth $3,500 ; the house near Harvey's mills, in 1865, worth $"2,500 ; the wooden house at Hallsville, in 1866, worth $3,500 ; the present high-school house, on the corner of Lowell and Beech streets, in 1867, valued at $45,000 ; in 1870 were built the house on Main street in Piscataquog village, worth $12,000, and the house at Gotfe's Falls, worth $3,- Schools. Ill 600 ; in 1871 were built the house in the Stark district, worth $8,000, and the house on the corner of Lincoln and Merrimack streets, valued at $50,000 ; the last house built was in 1874, on the corner of Ash and Bridge streets, and is valued at $60,000. The last two are called as fine buildings as any in the state. Where no material has been specified, it is to be understood that brick was used. The total value of school property is $279,675. The '• old Falls school-house," which once stood on the "old Falls road" near the residence of the Hon. David Cross, was set on fire in August, 1859, and the Blodget- street house was at once built. When Amoskeag village was made a part of Manchester in 1853, the old wooden school-house, which now stands on the west side of the river on the road to Piscataquog, was annexed with it and was used for school purposes till 1860. when the brick house was built farther north. It then went into the hands of the Amoskeag Company, having since been used as a sciiool- house, with their permission, from 1868 till 1873. W^hen Piscataquog village was annexed, Bedford bequeathed with it to Manchester several old buildings which have given place to the present ones. A wooden school-house was built in 1842 on Amherst street near Janesville and moved in 1850 to the corner of Lowell and Jane streets. In 1871 it was taken to Spruce street to be used as a ward-room in ward six, and school has since been kept in it at times. Two wooden houses were built on Bridge street, a little west of Elm, in 1842 and 1843, respectively, and moved in 1845 to the lot on Spring street where a grammar-school house was subsequently built In a year they were taken to the lot on the corner of Merrimack and Franklin streets where tiie court-house now stands, and moved thence in 1849 to the lot on the corner of Concord and Beech streets upon which the Unitarian church has since been built. They were subsequently sold to be made into dwellings, and were 112 Manchester. moved, one to Maple street between Concord and Lowell and the other to that neighborhood. A lot on the corner of Union and Concord streets, where the residence of John B. Varick now stands, had been bought on which to build a high-school house, but the dwellers in that neighborhood were opposed to it and the lot was sold four years after- ward. A wooden house on the corner of Merrimack and Union streets gave way to a new building in 185(j, being moved to Laurel street and made into a dwelling-house. A wooden house was built on the corner of Manchester and Chestnut streets in 1842, which gave place in 1853 to the present building and was moved to the lot on the corner of Pleasant and Franklin streets and subsequently disposed of. The Amoskeag Company has either given or sold at half- price the land used for school purposes in the compact part of the city. In 1853 an act was passed by the state legislature to al- low the city to consolidate the school-districts into one and to appoint a superintendent of schools, but other measures were incorporated in the bill, and when it was submitted to the people, as provided, it was rejected by them. Two years later, however, the boards of mayor and aldermen and of school committee were required by legislative enact- ment to appoint a superintendent of public instruction, but it was not till 1868 that the complete control of the schools was vested in the city as a unit, by act of the legislature, the measure not being submitted to the people. By the or- iginal charter the school committee were to be elected an- nually, one from each ward, but by the act of 1874 the school board is constituted of two from each ward to serve two years when the plan has been started, eight of whom siiall be elected annually. By the act of 1870 the mayor of the city and the president of the common council were made ex-officiis members of the board. The old high-school building, on the corner (3f Lowell Schools. 113 and Chestnut streets, was erected in 1841, at a cost of three thousand dollars, for a district school-house Ijy dis- trict number two. The first master of the school was Da- vid P. Perkins, who was given a salary of two hundred and sixty-seven dollars. Mr. Perkins was succeeded in 1843 by Joseph H. Wood, and he in 1844 by John G. Siierburne. The next year John W. Ray was elected master at a salary of five hundred dollars, which was increased by three hun- dred in 1848, and a high school was established. In 1849 Mr. Ray was succeeded by Amos Hadley, whose salary, at first six hundred dollars, was made eight hundred in 1853. Two years later John P. Newell became the principal, and he was followed in 1853 by Jonathan Tenney, who was given a salary of a thousand dollars the next year. Upon Mr. Tenney's resignation in 1854, Samuel Upton, who was then an assistant teacher, was promoted to the mastership, continuing in office one term. He was unwilling to remain longer in that position and Mr. Newell returned in 1855 to receive a salary of eleven hundred dollars. He taught till 1862, when he was succeeded by William W. Colburn at a salary of nine hundred dollars which was gradually in- creased to two thousand. He resigned in 1874 and was succeeded by Albert W. Bachelor at a salary of two thou- sand dollars. The district voted in 1850 to build a new high-school house at a cost of ten thousand dollars, but subsequently reconsidered its action, and it was not till seventeen years later that the plan was carried out. The school has grown rapidly within a few years and numbei-s over two hundred pupils. In its classical department sev- eral boys are annually prepared for admission to college. The South grammar school was originally kept in a chajjcl on Concord street which had been used by the Episcojial so- ciety, from which it was moved in 1847 to the brick build- ing on Park street which had been built for its use. A. M. Caverly was elected its principal in 1845 and taught till 114 Manchester. the spring of 1853, wlien Joseph E. Bennett was placed in temporary charge, being succeeded that year by William A. Webster who taught till the spring of 1861. Mean- while, in 1857, the school had been transferred to its pres- ent location on the corner of Franklin and Pleasant streets. Josiah G. Dearborn became its master in 1861 and taught till 1866 when he was succeeded by Isaac L. Heath. Upon Mr. Heath's resignation in 1872, the present master, Dan- iel A. Clifford, was appointed. The North grammar school was begun in 1848 in the brick building on Spring street, its first master being Mo- ses T. Brown who taught till 1853, when Joseph E. Ben- nett had charge of it a few weeks till the appointment of William H. Ward. The latter was succeeded in 1857 by Henry C. Bullard who taught till the spring of 1865, when C. M. Barrows took charge. He resigned in December of that year and Francis W. Parker was appointed. He taught till the fall of 1868, being then succeeded by Jacob Eastman who taught till February, 1869. The term was finished by Elbridge D. Hadlcy, and that spring John S. Hayes was appointed, who taught two terms. In December, 1861), William E. Buck was elected master, who remained in charge till his removal, in September, 1874, together with part of the school, to the one in the northeast part of the city, known as the Ash-street grammar school, leaving the North grammar without a male teacher and with but a partial grammar grade. The East grammar school \Yas begun in 1867 in the new high-school house with two divisions gathered from the North and South grammar schools. The Wilson-hill school was then composed in part of scholars of a gram- mar grade. In the fall of 1868 another division was added to the East grammar and in the spring of 1869 it was moved to the old high-school building, where a first divis- ion was added and its first master, Lewis H. Dutton, ap- Schools. 115 pointed. He was succeeded in 1870 by Benjamin F. Dame, who was transferred with it to its present location on the corner of Lincoln and Merrimack streets. He resigned January 1, 1875, and was succeeded by Sylvester Brown. The Park-street grammar school was organized as a pub- lic school in the spring of 1863. The building in which it was kept had been occupied by the South grammar school till 1857. From that time till 1861 it was unused. In the latter year the Roman Catholics obtained its use from dis- trict number two, and established in it a grammar school. Two years later the school was adopted by the city, with Thomas Corcoran as its master, and remained a public school till December, 1869, when it was discontinued. The Catholics still have the use of the building rent free. With Piscataquog village in 1853 was annexed its pres- ent grammar school, which was taught by men in winter and women in summer till the spring of 1858, when James W. Locke became its master and continued in office two terms. He was followed in December by Joseph E. Ben- nett w4io taught one term. In the spring of 1859 Francis W. Parker taught one term, and in the fall Joseph G. Edg- erly took charge of the school. He was succeeded in the spring of 1862 by Miss Marcia V. McQueston wlio taught one year. Her place was supplied by Miss Philinda P. Parker in the sjjring of 1863, who taught till tlie summer of 1867. Charles J. Darrah came in the fall and taught two terms, being succeeded in the spring of 1868 by Miss Annette McDoel, who taught one year. Lorenzo D. Henry taught from the spring of 1869 till the fall of 1870, when he was succeeded by Harry C. Hadley who taught one year. Li the fall of 1871 Allen E. Bennett became the master. He continued in that position till the fall of 1878, when he was succeeded by Sylvester Brown. The latter was trans-- ferred, January 1, 1875, to the Lincoln street school, and A. M. Heath took his place. The school had always been 116 Manchester. kept in the Centre street building till 1874, when it was moved to the building on Main street. Amoskeag village was annexed at the same time as Piscataquog, and its grammar school was kept after the same fashion till December, 1865, when Henry M. Putney became its teacher, continuing as such one year. Amos Wright succeeded him in December, 1866, and taught till the spring of 1868, when Lewis H. Dutton was elected and taught two terms. Then came Daniel A. Clifford in the winter of 1868 and taught one year. Alpha Messer taught from December, 1869, till the fall of 1871, when he was succeeded by Charles F. Morrill, who remained till the spring of 1873. He was followed by George P. Hadley, 2d, who taught one term. Miss Sarah B. Hadley taught the school from the fall of 1878 till January, 1874, when she was succeeded by the present teacher, Miss Emma A. H. Brown. The intermediate school, organized as an ungraded school to afford instruction to those whom necessity or inclination kept from regular attendance throughout the school year, was first kept in the Museum building and similar places till January, 1854, when the brick house on the corner of Manchester and Chestnut streets was built for its use. Charles Aldrich, its first master, taught till the spring of 1858. The school was then closed for two terms, but re-opened in the winter of 18.)8, when Josiah G. Dearborn taught one term. He was succeeded in the spriug of 1859 by Martin L. Stevens, who taught till the fall of 1861. Then William Harvey kept it two terms, and in the s{)iiiig of 1862 Joseph G. Edgerly was transferred to it from the Piscataquog grammar school. He taught a few weeks and was then given leave of absence to enter the postal service of the Union army at Fortress Monroe. Dining his absence his place was filled by Orren C. Moore. He returned in the fall of 1862 and taught till the spiing Schools. 117 of 1864. Then Miss Emeline R. Brooks was placed in charge for two terms, Mr. Edgerly returning in the winter of 1864 and teaching one term. Wendell P. Hood followed him in the spring of 1865 and taught one term. Isaac L. Heath came in the fall of that year and taught till the spring of 1866, when he was transferred to the South grammar. Temporary teachers managed the school till December, 1^66, when Mr. Edgerly again took it for one term, being succeeded in the spring by Elbridge D. Had- ley who taught one term. In the fall of 1867 Samuel W. Clark took it and remained one year. The school was closed during the fall term of 1868, but opened in the win- ter, when Lewis H. Button taught one term, till his re- moval to the East grammar. In the spring of 1869 Wil- liam E. Buck succeeded Mr. Dutton and taught two terms, till his removal to the North grammar. In December, 1869, Daniel A. Clifford took charge of it and continued its teacher three years, when he was appointed master of the South grammar. His place was taken in January, 1873, by Alfred S. Hall, who taught one term. The next term Sylvester Brown w^as its teacher, Mr. Hall returning in the fall of 1873 and teaching one year. The school was removed in the fall of 1874 to the old high-school building and Herbert W. Lull became its master. The complete control of the schools and school-houses is vested in the school board, consisting at present of two members from each ward, half elected annually, who re- ceive an annual compensation of ten dollars apiece. From the incorporation of the city till 1875 only one memlier was chosen from each ward. In 1871 the mayor and the president of the common council were made members ex officiis. The personal supervision and immediate govern- ment of the schools belong, under their direction, to the superintendent of public instruction, who is chosen once in two years by the mayor and aldermen and school commit- 118 Manchester. tee in convention, and whose salary is eighteen hundred dol- lars. The salary of the master of the high school is two thousand dollars ; of his first assistant eight hundred dol- lars; and of the others, five hundred. The masters of the grammar schools are paid fifteen hundred dollars, while their assistants and the teachers of the middle and primary schools receive three hundred and fifty dollars the first year, three hundred and seventy-five the second, four hun- dred the third and four hundred and fifty the fourth. The principal of the higher department of the school for in- struction in the science of teaching receives six hundred dollars, and the principal of the lower department five hun- dred dollars. Tlie music-master is paid fifteen hundred dollars, and an officer, with a salary of six hundred dollars, is annually appointed, wjiose sole business is to compel the attendance of truants. There are in the city forty-four public schools, all but eight of which, located in the suburban districts, are graded. They are attended by over twenty-five hundred scliolars, are kept in twenty-two different school-buildings and seventy-five school-rooms, and give employment to sixty-nine regular teachers and a permanent music-teacher, besides occasional writing and drawing-masters. Their cost in 1873, exclusive of construction and repairs, was about fifty thousand dollars, against three thousand one hundred dollars in 1844. The length of the school year is forty weeks, divided into one term of sixteen weeks and two terms of twelve weeks each. The school week is five days and the school day is six hours, in two sessions of three hours each, except in the primary schools whose af- ternoon session is but two hours long. Among the schools is one which is used at once for the instruction of middle and primary scholars and the prep- aration of teachers. Young ladies who graduate from the high school may enter this as assistants and teach under Schools. 119 the direction of the regular teachers, themselves becoming pupils in the science of instruction. Quite a number an- nually avail themi?elves of this opportunity and thus there is formed a permanent source of supply for educated teach- ers. There are naturally in Manchester many who are unable to attend day-schools and some of whom are thus forbidden an education they are eager to acquire. This matter provoked interest as early as 1854, when district number two established in Patten's block a free evening- school to educate in the common branches those wlio could not make use of the opportunities already tiieirs. This ac- tion seems to have had but a spasmodic force, as it was not till fourteen years afterward that another evening-school was begun. In the winter of 1868 the plan was resumed and has been continued yearly since, schools having been kept in the intermediate building, in tlie wooden houses on the corner of Bridge and Union streets and of Concord and Beech streets, in the police-court room and in the old high-school building. In 1878, besides the one which was kept in the latter house, another was organized in Piscata- quog village. Each employs a principal and several assis- tants. They are begun in the fall, are kept four or five months and are attended with very gratifying results. The aggregate attendance in the two schools in 1873 was three hundred of both sexes and all ages above fifteen, and the number increases annually. Several glee clubs in the schools are the natural out- growth of the attention whicli is given to music. An al- umni association connected with the liigh school has had an existence at intervals and was re-organized in January, 10. William G. Means, Josiah Crosby, Chandler E. Potter, David P. Perkins, John S. Elliott, J. Y. McQueston. 1851. A. M. Chapin, Josiah Crosby, J. C. Tasker, Y. B. Eaton, A. B. Puller, Amos Abbott. School Officeus. 123 1852. Jainos O. Adams, D. C. Bent, J. C. Tasker, F. B. Eaton, J. E. Bennett, C. II. Eastman. 1853. James O. Adams, AVilliam Grey, Sylvanus Bunton, Justin Spaulding, A. G. Tucker, C. H. Eastman. 185-1. T. T. Abbot, William Sage, J. C. Tasker, John II. Goodale, E. A. Jenks, T. P. Sawin, B. F. Wallace, J. B. Quiniby. 1855. lleuben Dodge, 11. M. Bacon, Jonathan Tenney, E. M. Topliff, Benjamin Currier, S. D. Lord, John O. Parker. 185G. Reuben Dodge, A. <;. Heath, Jonathan Tenney, J. D. Patterson, Benjamin Currier, S.D. Lord. B. F. Wallace, D. P. Currier. 1857. Seth T. Hill, Ephraim Corey, William L. Gage, J. E. Bennett, J. B. Hoitt, J. Y. iMcQueston, B. F. Wallace, Thomas S. Montgomery, 1858. Seth T. Hill, E. B. Merrill, F. B. Eaton, Moses T. Brown, J. B. Hoitt, J. Y. McQueston, George A. Bowman, Thomas S. Montgomery. 1859. Seth T. Hill, E. B. Merrill, Justus D. Watson, Amos W. Sargent, George H. Hubbai-d, .1. Y. McQueston, James P. Walker, Thomas S. Montgomery. 1860. Seth T. Hill, Waterman Smith, Justus D. Watson, Amos W. Sargent, George H. Hubbard, James O. Adams, ^ B. F. Wallace, resigned, ( S. Webber, vice Wallace, Thomas S. Montgomery. 124 Manchester. 1861. John Iloslcy, Waterman Smith, James B. Straw, Hiram Hil], John Coughlin, James O. Adams, Samuel Webber, Daniel Parmer, jr. 1862. John Ilosley, Waterman Smith, James B. Straw, Hiram Hill, John Coughlin, George Pierce, Samuel Webber, Daniel Farmer, jr. 1863. Seth T. Hill, Waterman Smith, Benjamin F. Bowles, Holmes li. Pettee, William Little, George Pierce, Samuel Webber, Daniel Furmer,jr. 1864. Seth T, Hill, Waterman Smith, Benjamin F. Bowles, Holmes li. Pettee, William Little, George Pierce, \ Samuel Weliber, resigned, ( J. P. Whittle, vice AVebber, John E. Stearns, 1805. William G. Perry, Waterman Smilli, Benjamin F. Bowles, Isaac W. Smifh, William Little, Ignatius T. Webster, John M, Ordway, John E. Stearns. 1866. William G. Perry, Waterman Smith, Benjamin F. Bowles, Isaac W. Smith, William Little, Ignatius T. Webster, John M. Ordway, Thomas L. Thorpe. 1867. Henry T. Mowatt, Waterman Smith, Moody Currier, George V/. Weeks, William Little, J. Y. McQueston, James P, Walker, Thomas L. Thorpe. 1808. Henry T. Mowatt, Marshall P. Hall, Moody Cuirier, George W. Weeks, William Little, Daniel C. Gould, jr., .lames P. Walker, Thomas S. Montgomery. 1869. Henry T. Mowatt, Marshall P. Hall, Daniel Clark, Samuel Upton, William Little, Elbridge D. Hadley, James Dean, Thomas S. Montgomery. 1870. Henry C. Sanderson, Marshall P. Hall, Thomas Borden, Samuel Upton, Patrick A. Devine, Ei)hraim S. Peabody, James Dean, DeLaliiyette liobinson. School Officers. 125 1871. James A. Weston, ) .^^^.••„ William R. Patten, [ ^^ ojjicus. Henry C. Sanderson, Marshall P. Hall, Thomas Borden, Samnel N. Bell, Patrick A. Devine, William P. Merrill, James Dean, DeLafayette Robinson. 1872. Person C. Cheney, ) ^ ,. Edwin Kennedy, ( ^^ ojjieus. Henry C. Sanderson, Marshall P. Hall, Daniel Clark, Samuel Ujiton, Daniel C. Gould, jr., James Dean, DeLafayette Robinson. 1873. Charles H. Bartlett, resigned, \ John P. Newell, vice Bartlett, \ ex officiis. Charles A. Smith, Henry E. Burnham, Marshall P. Hall, Daniel Clark, Kathan P. Hunt, Frank J. Murray, ( Frank G. Clark, resigned, I Edwin Kennedy, nice Clark, George P. Rockwell, George H. Colby. 1874. Henry E. Burnham, Marsliall P. Hall, John G. Lane, Nathan P. Hunt, Frank J. Murray, Edwin Kennedy, 5 George P. Rockwell, resigned, ( John K. McQueston, vice Rock- well, John E. Stearns. RELIGIOUS AND BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES. T was not till some years after Derryfield had become Manchester that there was aroused among its citi- zens a lasting interest in religious matters. The settlers of New England could never forsake entirely the faith which had provoked them to cross the sea, and the men who were Derryfield's first settlers kept up religious services, of a desultory character^indeed, in spite of their quarrels. Before the suggestion of Derryfield had been made, the savage tribes who were wont to flock to Amos- keag Falls in the fishing season received from the Rev. John Eliot, the well-known translator of the Bible into the aboriginal tongue of New England, religious instruction, and, after his departure, his work was continued by Simon Betogkom, a convert to the faith which Eliot held. Later, when the white men were attracted to the Falls by the abundance of the fish, religious services were occasionally held on Sundays. It is known that before and after 1743 the Rev. Mr. Seccomb of Kingston, an apostolic fisherman, preached on Sundays when he came to the Falls to pursue his favorite pastime. There is no record of other preaching till after the in- corporation of the town. In 1753 the Rev. Alexander Mc- Dowell was invited by the town to preach, but there is no farther record of the maUer. Barns had been the cluirches 128 Manchester. hitherto, but in 1754 the toAvn voted to build a meeting- house near the Centre. Its location displeased a faction, and the next year thirty citizens petitioned for a town- meeting, to which the law entitled them and which the se- lectmen refused to call. The petitioners, however, made request to Joseph Blanchard and Matthew Thornton, jus- tices of the peace, who ordered a meeting, at which the vote to build the meeting-house was reconsidered. In 1758, however, the town voted to build a house and the frame was put up in that year. But the men who op- posed its erection would not pay the assessment laid upon them, and no more was then done. But in succeeding years doors and windows were put in and the house came to a state of partial completion, in which it continued some time. The quarrel which its location provoked continued all the while, now one party triumphant and now the other, and at length the original cause of dispute was nearly lost sight of in personal enmity. In 1766 the party which had located the house at first assembled in town-meeting and elected their candidates for town officers before the rest came. Upon the arrival of the latter they organized and chose others. Such confusion was thus produced that the legislature of that year, upon petition of a number of the inhabitants, declared the town-meetings void and ordei ed a new one, when the same party was victorious. The dis- pute was finally settled by a compromise. Preaching had generally been kej)t up during this time, and in 1773 the Rev. George Gilmore, who had occasion- ally been hired by the town, was invited to become its permanent preacher, but there is no record of his reply. Tbe Revolutionary War was begun two years later, and while that lasted there was little preaching or care for any. The house went to decay and was not re])aired till 1783. In 1790 the " pew-ground " was sold, the buyers paying " two-thirds of the purchise in Glass, Nailes, or marchant- Religious and Benevolent Societies. 121) able Clabboards or Putty," and the rest in cash. In 1792 farther repairs were made and the pew-ground in the gal- leries was sold, but the pews were never built and the house remained incomplete, never being finished for a meeting- house. Part of the inhabitants found more convenient places of worship in Londonderry and Bedford, and the others were unable to have stated preaching or make their house suitable for worship. It was kept barely fit for town- meetings, the rain and wind finding easy access and swal- lows building their nests within it. The Rev. William Pick- els, preaching in it in 1803, effected some improvement by telling his hearers the devil would carry them off through the cracks if they were not closed. In 1840 it was for- saken entirely, the town voting to hold its meetings at the newly created village near the river. Thirteen years later it was bought by H. T. Wilson and B. H. Clieney, moved a few rods and converted into a dwelling-house. After the departure of the Rev. Mr. Pick els in 1804 David Abbott, who had come into the town the previous year and was of the Baptist faith, began holding meetings at different houses, which were continued till 1812, when a Baptist church was organized with fourteen members. It flourished under Mr. Abbott's care for some years till at length some unknown cause divided it and its life departed. This has the honor of being the first church organized in the town. The first meeting-house in the town was built about 173G near the burying-ground on the old Weston farm known as the "Forest cemetery," by the English settlers to whom the land was granted on condition that a church should be built. After having been used some years it was destroyed by fire from burning woods. Of the meeting-houses which have come down to us, the old town-house, still standing at the Centre, was the first one built ; the old church in Piscataquog village was tlie fii'st one that was built by pri- 130 Manchester. vate enterprise within the present limits of Manchester ; while the house belonging to the First Methodist Episcopal society and located at the Centre was the first ever built by a religious society within the original town. The first permanent church building in the compact part of the city was erected in 1839 by the First Congregational society. In the same year the First Freewill Baptist society built a wooden chapel on Concord street, which was used succes- sively by them, by the Episcopalians and by the Second Con- gregational society, and for the general purposes of a hall, and, being moved to Central street, was occupied by the Wesleyan Methodists and also used for a school-house. It is standing on that street, the fifth house west from Chest- nut, number fifty-nine, and is occupied as a store. Though the germs of the Universalist, Congregational and Calvinistic Baptist churches were planted in Amoskeag village, there never was any meeting-house there and ser- vices were held in halls. In 1839 they all forsook Amos- keag and began worship in the new village across the river, establishing in feebleness the institutions of religion in a city which now maintains fifteen different churches and in which four others have been organized and disbanded. The approximate number of members in the Protestant churches is two thousand, and the approximate value of Protestant and Roman Catholic church property half a million dollars. FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH. On the twenty-first of May, 1828, a Presbyterian church was organized at Manchester Centre by an ecclesiastical council and Daniel Watts was appointed clerk. It never had a house of its own and a pastor was never settled over it. For a few months after its formation its j)ulpit was supplied by the Rev. William K. Talbot. In 1833 Benja- First Congregational Church. 131 mill F. Foster was ordained as an evangelist and lie for some time furnished occasional preaching. Those of its members who united with the Amoskeag church to form another at the new village in Manchester were : Moses Noyes, Lucy Noyes, Robert P. Whittemore, Hannah Jane Whittemore, Jennet Dickey, Elizabeth Hall, Sally Whitte- more, Eliza A. Moor, Jcrusha Griffin, Maria Noyes, Eliza- beth Stark, Abby Stark, Mrs. F. G. Stark. At Amoskeag village in Goffstown, across the river and three miles from the Presbyterian church, a Congregational church was organized, December 2, 1828, at the house of Col. Daniel Farmer. Like the Presbyterian church it was without a house or a pastor of its own. Among those who occupied its pulpit were the Rev. B. F. Foster, who divided his time between this church and the one at the Centre, the Rev. Mr. Noble, the Rev. Mr. French, the Rev. Mr. Stone, afterwards a missionary in Siam, and Cyrus W. Wallace, who began his labors with it on the last Sunday in April, 1839, and who afterwards became its pastor. About that time the church began to hold meetings at the new vil- lage in Manchester with the approval of the church at the Centre, sustaining thus the first regular Sunday ser- vices in what is now the compact part of the city. At the time when it ceased to exist as a separate church its mem- bers were : Daniel Farmer, George Berry, Samuel Poor, Henry Peacock, Nahum Baldwin, Betsey Farmer, Mrs. Samuel Poor, Mrs. Nahum Baldwin, Lettice McQueston, Betsey Flanders, Mary Rodgers, Lydia Drew, Harriet Jones, Mary C. Perry, Catherine French, Mrs. Pollard. It had become by this time patent that a union of these two churches would be a gain to each and that the place for the new church was at the village which the manufac- turers were building on the east bank of the Merrimack. The union was effected August 15, 1839, by a council which met first at the house of Phinehas French in Amoskeag 132 Manchester. village and then adjourned to Franklin Hall, and the church thus formed was called the " First Congregational Church in Amoskeag," a house of worship being built for its use at the new village in 1839. The name was after- wards changed to that of the First Congregational Church in Manchester. Cyrus W. Wallace, then a licentiate of the Londonderry Presbytery, had already, as has been said, commenced his labors with the Amoskeag church, but did not preach as a candidate for settlement. He supplied the pulpit till November of that year and then received a call to be settled as the pastor of the church and society. He accepted the invitation and was ordained, January 8, 1840, being the first minister ever ordained and installed in the town. At the time of the union of the two churches, Moses Noyes was the deacon of the Presbyterian church and Dan- iel Farmer of tiie Congiegational church, and by nnitual agreement they became the deacons of the new church, continuing in office till death removed them, the one in October, 18(30, and the other, October 30, 1865. In 1850 Nahum Baldwin and Hiram Brown were made deacons. Tliey resigned upon their departure from town, the one in 1871 and the other in 1869. In 1848 Henry Lancaster and HoU)rook Chandler were chosen deacons. The former resigned in 1858 and was then succeeded by Ebenezcr C. Foster, who was taken away by death February 18, 1865. Mr. Chandler resigned in 1857 upon his removal from town. Daniel C. Gould became a deacon in 1858 and held the office till his death, November 3, 1872. In 1862 Thcodoi'C T. Abbot was elected deacon, but resigned in 1874 when he removed from the city. In 1866 Henry Clough, Peter K. Chandler and Leonard French were add- ed to the list of deacons. The two latter continue in of- fice ; the former fell dead on the evening of November 17, I872, at a meeting of a temperance society connected First Congregational Church. 188 with tlie clmrch. December 10, 1872, three more were chosen deacons — Jolm P. Newell, Horace Fcttee, S. S. Marden. June 19, 1874, the system of church government was re-organized. By request, all the deacons resigned and were at once re-elected, to serve for a definite term in- stead of I'or life as before. P. K. Chandler was chosen for one year; Leonard French, two years; John P. Newell, three yeiirs ; Horace Pet^ee, four years ; S. S. Marden, five years. At the first meeting of the church after its foundation in 1839 (Jeorge Perry was chosen its clerk, holding the office till his death in 1841. From that time there is no record of the election of a clerk and the records were in the main kept by the pastor till June 23, 18o4, when William Harts- horn was chosen clerk. He was succeeded, May 5, 18G0, by George W. Pinkerton, and he, January 4, 181)3, by Charles A. Daniels. Thomas B. Brown was chosen clerk May 31, 1864, and treasurer in 1HG7. He was succeeded, June 19, 1874, by John D. Patterson as clerk, and by Jasper P. George as treasurer. Dr. Wallace, who had been the pastor of the church since its formation and whose uninterrupted service with one church far exceeded in length that of any other cler- gyman ever settled in Manchester, sent his resignation to the church January 11, 1873, and it was accepted by the latter to take effect the last of August. Edward G. Selden accepted a call to succeed Dr. Wallace and was ordained, December 16, 1873. By a vote of the church, "as an ex- pression of their affectionate regard," Dr. Wallace was made "pastor emeritus'''' of the church, on the first of Jan- uary, 1874. The church has a membership of about four hundred and seventy-five and the Sunday-school connected with it numbers about five hundred. Of the latter Holmes R. Pettee is sujjerintendent, and Peter K. Chandler assist- ant superintendent. 134 Manchester. A meeting of persons interested in forming a Congrega- tional society was held at Amoskeag, April 4, 1838. These were organized as the " First Congregational Society in Amoskeag village," and at an adjourned meeting on the twenty-seventh adopted a constitution and chose Daniel Farmer, president ; George W. Kimball, secretary ; Nahum Baldwin, Samuel Poor and George Ferry, directors. The next year Moses C. Greene was chosen secretary and ap- pointed treasurer, and Josepli Moody and David A. Bunton became directors in place of Messrs. Poor and Perry. In 1840 David A. Bunton was chosen president, and J. Apple- ton Burnham, Daniel Farmer and James Wallace, direct- ors. The next year Paul Cragin, jr., succeeded Mr. Greene as secretary and treasurer. In 1842 William G. Means was chosen secretary and treasurer, and Hiram Brown and Fos- ter Towns succeeded Messrs. Burnham and Farmer as di- rectors. Mr. Towns died within the year and William Hartshorn was elected to fill the vacancy. These officers continued through the next year, and in 1844 Hiram Brown was made president and his place in the board of directors was filled by Abram Brigham, who was succeeded in 1845 by David Hill. The society failed to hold the annual meeting of 1846 at the appointed- time, and a special meeting was called by the Hon. Samuel D. Bell as justice of the peace, on request of Messrs. Means, Hartshorn and Bunton, when the officers of the year before were re-elected, continuing through 1847. In 1848 Frederick Wallace and Francis Reed were chosen to succeed David Hill and James Wallace as directors, be- ing themselves succeeded the next year by David A. Bun- ton and Joshua Deane. In 1850 Samuel Fish succeeded Mr. Deane and in 1851 Holbrook Chandler took Mr. Bun- ton's place. There was no change in 1852 and but one in 1853, Jacol) G. Cilley being elected a director in place of Mr. Fish. The next year Hiram Brown, who had been pres- First Congregational Society. 135 ideiit of tlie society since 184-1, was succeeded l)y Nalium Baldwin ; William G. Means, who had been secretary and treasurer since 1842, gave place to William Hartshorn ; and Holbrook Chandler, Jacob G. Cilley and William Patten were elected directors, Mr. Patten being succeeded in 1855 by Ebenezer C. Foster. There was no change in 1856, and in 1857 William Patten was re-elected director in Mr. Chan- dler's place, being himself succeeded the next year by George W. Pinkerton. The officers of 1858 were re-elected in 1859, and in 1800 David A. Bunton was again chosen a director, in place of Mr. Foster. In 1861 Horace Pettee succeeded Mr. Pink- erton as a director ; in 1862 there was no change ; and in 1863 Moulton Knowles became a director in Mr. Bunton's place. The next year Nahum Baldwin, president of the society for ten years, gave place to Peter K. Chandler ; William Hartshorn, secretary for the same length of time, was succeeded by Jolui P. Newell, upon whose resignation within the year Jacob G. Cilley was elected, and Thomas B. Brown took Mr. Cilley 's place on the board of directors. These officers continued through 1865, 1866 and 1867. In 1868 John P. Newell was elected president, and Joseph B, Sawyer, secretary and treasurer, botli of whom have served up to the present time ; and Henry Clough, Horace Gor- don and Henry C. Reynolds were chosen directors. There was no change in 1869 and 1870, Daniel Parmer succeed- ing Mr. Reynolds in 1871. The directors of 1872 were Daniel Farmer, George P. Rockwell and Stephen P. Cliase ; of 1873, Peter K. Chandler, Stephen P. Chase and Hor- ace P. Watts ; of 1874, Horace P. Watts, Charles R. Moi-- rison and Thomas S. Sargent. Shortly after the formation of the society a vote was passed to form the "Amoskeag Joint Stock Company " for the purpose of building a church in Amoskeag village. This vote was rescinded, other plans and places were dis- 136 Manchester. cussed and in 1889 it was decided to build the present house of worship on Hanover street near Elm. The Ani- oskeag Company gave the land and the Stark Mills gave five hundred dollars to help build the church. Other means were ol)tained by making shares of stock which were soon taken up. The house was begun in the spring, finished in the autumn and dedicated in November, of 1839. It then contained one hundred and twenty-two pews and would ac- commodate six hundred and fifty persons. During the process of building, the society, which had already left Amoskeag, worshiped in Franklin liall on Amherst street, nearly in the rear of tlie present church. In 1852 the house was enlarged, the congregation worshiping meanwhile in the city hall. About 1842 a vestry or chapel was built just back of the churcli. The property is now estimated to be worth about eighteen thousand dollars. About 1846 the society forsook its original ]iame and took that of the First Congregational Society in Manches- ter. January 9, 1865, it having been twenty-five years since the settlement of the Rev. Dr. Wallace, the event was cel- ebrated by the society and other friends by a gathering at Smyth's hall, Peter K. Chandler, then president of the so- ciety, in the chair. Dr. Wallace preached a commemora- tive sermon, and addresses were made by the Rev. Thomas Savage of Bedford, a member of the council convened to settle Mr. Wallace, the Rev. Henry E. Parker of Concord, the Rev. Nathaniel Bouton, D. D., of Concord, the Rev. Henry M. Dexter of Boston and the Rev. William H. Fenn of Manchester, former pastors of the Franklin-street soci- ety, William G. Means of Andover, Mass., secretary and treasurer of the First society from 1842 to 1854, and John B, Clarke of Manchester. Dr. Wallace was made the recip- ient of several articles in testimony of the regard of his jtcojjle. First Methodist Episcopal Church. 137 first methodist episcopal church. Metliodism was first introliioccl to Manchester about 1827, and its first apostles were the Rev. Orlando Hinds, the Rev. B. Peaslee, a local preacher named B. Haskell, and others. In 1828 and 1820 the Rev. John Broadhead was made preacher in charge, assisted by the Rev. Caleb Lamb, of a circuit of eight or ton towns among which Man- chester was included. A church was organized September 27, 1829, and in that year under Mr. Broadhead's labors eighty members were added to it. Among its first mem- bers were Daniel Webster, John G. Webster, Joseph B. Hall and Isaac Merrill. At that time the Centre was the town, there being but three or four dwelling-houses where now is the city proper, and at the Centre in 1829 was be- gun by this church the erection of the first meeting-house ever completed in the original town and the first begun by a society. It was completed the next year at a cost of two thousand dollars. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. Matthew Newliall, appointed in 1829 and re-appointed in 1830. The Rev. Mr. Gridley is supposed to have been stationed over it the next two years. In 1838 the preacher in charge was the Rev. Silas Greene ; in 1831, the Rev. Caleb Dustin ; in 1835, the Rev. William S. Lock; in 1836 and 1837, the Rev. Converse L. McCurdy ; in 1838, the Rev. William J. Kidder. In 1839 the Rev. Matthew Newhall, the first res- ident preacher, was returned to his old charge and con- tinued with it that year and the next, being succeeded in 1841 by the Rev. Joseph Hayes. In 1842 the Rev. Elihu Scott was. made the preacher in charge of this church and of the Second Methodist church which had been organized in 1839 at the new village, but he did not preach at the Centra. The Rev. William S. Lock supplied the pulpit and continued with the cluirch nearly three years, being 9 138 Manchester. succeeded in 1845 by the Rev. Charles H. Eastman, who was re-appointed the next year, but whose want of health compelled him to retire from ministerial work. In 1847 and 1848 the Rev. Horatio W. Taplin was the pastor of the church, being succeeded in 1849 by the Rev. Henry Nutter, who remained two years. In 1851 the Rev. Isaac W. Huntley was appointed, and re-appointed in 1852, but died before the close of the year. In 1853 the pastor was the Rev. Elijah R. Wilkins ; in 1854. the Rev. Robert S. Stubbs : and in 1855 the Rev. H. W. Hart. The latter, for want of health, preached but little, and the pulpit was supplied by a student from the theological school at Con- cord. In 1856 the Rev, Henry Nutter returned to the church as its pastor after six years' absence, being suc- ceeded the next year by the Rev. L. H. Gordon. In 1859 and 1860 the Rev. A. B. Buzzell was the pastor; in 1861, the Rev. J. P. Stinchfield ; in 1862, the Rev. Elijah R. Wilkins, who liad just come back from service as chaplain in tlie War of the Rebellion. In 1863 the Rev. William Hews was appointed but preached only a few times and then resigned the charge, the pulpit being sujjplied the rest of the year by the Rev. Mr. Wilmot. In 1«64 and 1865 the pastor was the Rev. H. A. Mattison; in 186jB and 1867, the Rev. W. L. Chase ; in 1868, the Rev. James Dean ; in 1869, 1870 and 1871, the Rev. J. Zviowry Bean. He was succeeded in 1872 by the Rev. Thomas Tyrie, who left be- fore tiie end of the year to join the Freewill Baptist church. The present pastor, the Rev. C. W. Taylor, was appointed in 1873 and re-appointed in 1874. The church has seven- ty-five members and the Sunday-school connected with it has one hundred and ten. The suj)erintendent is P. W. Sanborn, and the assistant superintendent, A. S. Lamb. The first parsonage was replaced in 1870 by a new one. The value of the church property is estimated to be six thousand dollars. First Univkrsalist Church. 139 first universalist church. The germ of what is now the First Uuivcrsalist Society ill Manchester was started in 182") at Anioskeac hv Dr. Oliver Dean, then the agent of the manufacturing com- pany out of which the Amoskeag Company grew. The first pastor was the Rev. Frederic A. Hodsdon. In 1839 the society was transferred to Manchester, and a brick building for its use — the present church — was erected in the summer and fall of that year on Lowell street near Elm, on land given by the Amoskeag Company. It was dedicated in February, 1840, and the Rev. N. Gunnison was settled in May and resigned in October of that year. George W. Gage was ordained over the chui'ch and society in June, 1841, but was dismissed in April, 1844, being succeeded at that time by the Rev. B. M. Tillotson, who resigned Octo- ber 10, 1859. The Rev. B. F. Bowles became the pastor June 27, 18G0, and was dismissed in 1866. The Rev. S. L. Roripaugh was installed June 26, 1867, and resigned Octo- ber 3, 1868. He was succeeded on the first day of the new year by the Rev. Thomas Borden, who remained till De- cember, 1871. The Rev. G. L. Demarest began his labors September 1, 1872, and continued as pastor till February 1, 1875, when his resignation was accepted. Shortly after the Rev. Mr. Gage's dismissal, some disaffection arose in the First church and some of its members organized a " Second Universalist Church " with him for a pastor, which held meetings in a ball in Merrimack block, oj)po- site the Manchester House, but whose existence was brief. No records of the society for|^he years previous to 1851 have come down to these times. In that year Samuel W. Parsons was its president ; Isaac C. Flanders, vice-presi- dent ; Warren L. Lane, secretary ; and John S. Kidder, treasurer. The next year Mr. Flanders became president and his vacant place was filled by the election of Alonzo 140 Manchester. Smith as vice-president. With these exceptions the officers remained the same till 1858 when Alonzo Smith was elected president; John H. Maynard, vice-president ; Abel M. Ken- iston, clerk ; and Joseph Kidder, treasurer. In 1859 Mr. Kidder was succeeded by Thomas P. Pierce, and in 1860 Darwin J. Daniels was chosen vice-president, and Daniel W. Lane, clerk. The next year Mr. Daniels became pres- ident ; George C. Gilmore, vice-president ; and George B. Chandler, treasurer. These continued in office during 1862, but in 1863 William H. Elliott was chosen president; Thomas B. Eastman, vice-president ; Hiram Hill, clerk ; Gilman B. Fogg, treasurer. The president, clerk and treasurer remained in office five years. In 1865 Jeremiah Fisk became vice-president, to be succeeded the next year by P. B. Putney, who gave place a year later to A. J. Lane. In 1868 N. E. Morrill was chosen president ; William N. Chamberlin, vice-president ; J. L. Smitb, clerk ; and J. F. Woodbury, treasurer. The next year William H. Elliott again became president ; S. C. Forsaith, vice-president ; William F. Robie, clerk ; and William G. Hoyt, treasurer. In 1870 Mr. Forsaith was elected president ; John B. Mc- Crillis, vice-president ; W. S. Hill, clerk ; and N. E. Mor- rill, treasurer. In 1871 J. L. Smith again became clerk. The next year Mr. McCrillis was chosen president ; Wil- liam B. Johnson, vice-president ; and A. H. Weston, treas- urer. In 1873 Joel Daniels succeeded Mr. Smith as clerk, and Hiram Hill took Mr. Weston's place as treasurer. In 1874 Samuel W. Parsons, who had held the office in 1851, was chosen president; George C. Gilmore, vice-president ; and A. H. Weston, treasiller. In 1875 Thomas W. Lane succeeded Mr. Parsons as ])rcsidcnt ; John B. McCrillis l)e- came vice-president; Alexander 11. Downs, clerk; and N. E. Morrill, treasurer. The church records are begun as follows : " On the fourth day of September, 1833, the following persons asso- First Universalist Church. 141 ciated themselves together as the ' First Universalist Church of Bedford and Goffstown,' and partook of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper : — Frederic A. Hodsdon, John Stark, 3d, George Daniels, Hiram A. Daniels, John Mullet, Edwin Smith, David Fiske, Nehemiah Preston, Mary Parker, Mrs. Pattec, Moses Gage, Jolni V. Wilson and Caleb Johnson." On the twentieth of November the church met at the school-house in Amoskeag village and chose the Rev. Fred- eric A. Hodsdon moderator, and George Daniels clerk, of the meeting. After adopting a declaration of faith and a constitution, the church chose George Daniels its clerk and treasurer, and Wilbur Gay a deacon. The meetings tliere- after were generally held at Amoskeag hall. On the twen- ty-second of December of the same year John McAllaster was chosen as a second deacon. In 1834 Hiram A. Dan- iels became clerk, and Wilbur Gay, treasurer. The former, who was chosen as a third deacon November 18, 1835, con- tinued as clerk till November 16, 1836, when he was suc- ceeded by Darwin J. Daniels. At the same time it was voted to change the name of the church to that of the " First Universalist Church of Amoskeag." The last rec- ord which is dated at Amoskeag was made November 21, 1838. The next year the society was removed to the village of Manchester across the river, but it was not till three years later that a church was organized. April 28, 1842, seve- ral members of the society, according to notice previously given, met at the residence of the pastor, the Rev. George W. Gage, " for the purpose of consulting on the subject of church organization." A comiitittee — the Rev. George W. Gage, Deacon Caleb Johnson and Ira Ballon — was chosen to report a resolution to express the sense of the assembly. At a meeting held May 3, the resolution, which advocated the immediate formation of a clmrch, was adopted, and a committee, consisting of Deacon Wilbur Gay, Deacon Caleb 142 Manchester, Johnson, Hiram A. Daniels, Dr. Zacchens Colburn, Ira B.allou, Isaac C. Flanders and the Rev. George W. Gage, was chosen to report a declaration of belief and a form of government, which were adopted on the tenth. On the fourteenth of the following Septeml)er J. M. Barnes was elected secretary, and Ira Ballou, treasurer ; and in Novem- ber Cliarles Pierce and Hiram A. Daniels were made deacons. May 12, 1844, another deacon, Leonard Dakin, 2d, was chosen. In 1849 the secretary, J. M. Barnes, was made treasurer also. January 25, 1852, Caleb Johnson was elected deacon ; February 22, 1852, Justus Fisher and J. C. Hill ; July 5, 1854, Archibald Dow ; July 1, 1855, Lu- ther Smith and Zebina Perry; November 1, 1857, Henry J. Dow ; May 4, 1862, Alonzo Smith. Upon the latter's death, Gilman B. Fogg was chosen, May 7, 1865, to take his place. Mr. Fogg resigned and the vacancy was filled by tiie election of Horace Stearns, May 2, 1869. July 6, 1856, Lutiier Smith was chosen clerk and treasurer, but the record was mainly kept by the pastor, Mr. Tillotson, till 1858, when Luther H. French was elected. John B. McCrillis succeeded him in 1862, but the record was kept by the pastor, Mr. Bowles. N. Maria Woods was elected clerk in 1864, and Mrs. Ella A. Elliott, in 1866. The latter was succeeded the next year by Sylvanus B. Putnam, the present clerk and treasurer. The church building was enlarged in 1850 and has since been materially altered. The property is estimated to be worth eighteen thousand dollars. The church has a mem- bership of about fifty, and the Sunday-school, which is un- der the care of Sylvanus B. Putnam, numbers about one hundred and twenty-five. First Baptist Church. 143 first baptist church. Oil the twenty-sixth of July, 1835, the Baptist church in Goffstown voted to recognize ten persons, viz.: Elder John Peacock, Daniel Goodeii, John Stevens, Mary R. Peacock, Stevens, Hopy Tewksbury, Betsy Tewksbury, Eliza- beth Mclntire, Zilpha Gould and Abigail Rider, as the " Amoskeag branch of the Goffstown church." They met for the first time, five days later, at the house of Daniel Gooden in Amoskeag village and chose John Peacock pas- tor and clerk of the church. They first held public wor- sliip on the second of August in a hall and thereafter met at Hull's hall and at the houses of the members. January 3, 1836, Daniel Gooden was chosen deacon. At a meeting held at the house of Deacon John Plumcr, December 1, 1836, the braiicli resolved to ask a dismissal from the Goffstown church and invited a council to assist them in becoming a distinct organization. The council met, Janu- ary 4, 1837, at Roger Williams hall, and recognized the branch as an independent church, the late Andrew T. Foss, well-known as one of the anti-slavery agitators, preaching the sermon of recognition. The church held its first meet- ing the next day at Daniel Goodeu's house. This church was affected, like the rest in Amoskeag vil- lage, by the natural tendency to the new town across the river, and in 1810 a brick building was built for the uses of the church on a lot of land given by the Amoskeag Com- pany and situated on the corner of Manchester and Chest- nut streets. Thither the church removed in that year and voted to be known as the First Baptist Church in Manches- ter on the twenty-second of September. Elder Peacock, who had been dismissed from the pastorate of the church and left town in 1837, returned in 1812 and began preach- ing at Amoskeag village, the church in Manchester passing a vote in approval " of efforts of bi-ethren at Amoskeag to 144 Manchester. sustain preaching there." September 25, 1842, about twen- ty persons were recognized at their request as the " Anios- keag branch of tlie Manchester Baptist church," and sup- ported services of their own at Amoskeag village. Edwin Baldwin was chosen their clerk, treasurer and deacon. Their pastor was Mr. Peacock, who left them in April, 1842, and they voted, September 24, 1843, " to close up the meetings of the branch and unite with the Manchester church in worshipping the Lord." In 1838, the year after the first pastor, the Eev. John Peacock, was dismissed, the Rev. E. K. Bailey received and accepted a call. He was succeeded in 1842 by the Eev. James Upham, who was followed in order by the Rev. Jo- seph Storer, the Rev. Benjamin Brierly, who remained till 1847, the Rev. Thomas 0. Lincoln, and the Rev. Isaac Saw- yer, whose resignation was accepted May 28, 1854. The Rev. Benjamin F. Hedden began his labors with the church October 8, 1854, and relinquished them in November, 1856. The Rev. George Pierce became pastor April 5, 1857, and remained such eight years, his resignation being accepted October 1, 1865. He was succeeded, March 21, 1866, by the Rev. N. C. Mallory, who remained till July 1, 1870. The present pastor, the Rev. A. C. Graves, was installed February 7, 1871. The Rev. Mr. Peacock, as has already been stated, was chosen the first clerk, being succeeded in 1837 by Andrew J. George. Two years later Henry Kimball was elected, and in 1840 Charles P. Crockett succeeded him. Upon the latter's dismissal, June 9, 1842, David P. Perkins was chosen clerk. The first volume of the records of the church after it came to Manchester is lost and there is therefore no indication of what the church did between 1842 and 1853. Tiie second volume begins December 26, 1853, with a rec- ord of the annual meeting of the church, at which Joseph E. Bennett was chosen clerk, and George M. Stevens treas- First Baptist Church. 145 urer. In 1855 Benjamin Currier became treasurer. Al- though Mr. Bennett was clerk, George Kimball was chosen clerk pro tempore and kept the records from May, 1857, to January, 1859. In 1860 Benjamin Currier was chosen clerk, and John Paige treasurer. In 18G4 Mr. Currier was succeeded by the present clerk, Henry L. Kimball, the son of Henry Kimball who was clerk of the church in 1839 while it was still at Amoskeag village. In 1866 Benjamin Currier was again elected treasurer and has held the office ever since. The first record of the choice of a deacon is found under date of January 3, 1836, when Daniel Gooden was elected. He was dismissed in 1845 to form with others the Second Baptist church. January 8, 1841, John Plumer and Charles P. Crockett were chosen, both being dismissed the next year. It would appear from the records that at the time the sec- ond volume was begun, in 1853, among the deacons were George M. Stevens and 0. B. Robinson, who were dis- missed in 1854, John Paige, who was dismissed in 1867, Joseph E. Bennett, who resigned in 1864, Benjamin Cur- rier, Ebenezer Clark, Daniel Balch and Trueworthy Blais- dell. Deacon Clark was dismissed in 1848 to join the Sec- ond church, but was in 1850 again received into the First. George Kimball and Seth J. Sanborn were added to the number January 3, 1858. The former resigned in 1866 and the latter was removed by death in 1872. April 4, 1866, James Baldwin and Orison Hardy were elected deacons. The church has a membership of three hundred and twen- ty-five, of whom about two hundred are resident ; there are three hundred and seventy-five in the Sunday school, which is under the charge of Henry H. Huse, the superintendent, and Francis A. Hawley, assistant superintendent. At the request of George A. Barnes and others a meet- ing was called, January 27, 1855, at Mr. Barnes's store, " to organize a society for the purpose of conducting the 146 Manchester. financial interests of the First Baptist church in Manches- ter," A few articles of agreement were signed by George A. Barnes, Ebenezer Clark, E. B. Merrill and others. Jo- seph B. Clark was chosen clerk, and the society was organ- ized as the " First Ba])tist Religious Society of Manchester." At a meeting held February 19, a committee was chosen to prepare a proper constitution, which was reported and adopted February 2G, when the following officers were chosen : Otis Barton, president ; Joseph B. Clark, clerk ; Ebenezer Clark, treasurer ; Joseph E. Bennett, Orison Hardy, George A. Barnes, A. D. Burgess, Peter S. Brown, C. W. Baldwin, Charles Brown, directors. To this society the clnirch voted, March 15, 1865, to transfer its property. Josepli E. Bennett was elected president for 1856 and Jo- seph H. Feabody was elected treasurer. Mr. Clark contin- ued clerk till 1862. In 1857 Mr. Bennett was succeeded as president by Peter S. Brown, and he by Benjamin Cur- rier in 1858, when Orison Hardy became treasurer. The latter was treasurer also in 1860, Joseph B. Clark holding the office in 1859 and 1861. In the latter year Peter S. Brown was elected president, being re-elected the next year, when Daniel R. Prescott was chosen clerk, and Hen- ry R. Chamberlin treasurer, the latter holding his office till 1874. In 1863 Joseph E. Bennett was chosen president; in 1864, Justin Spear ; and in 1865 there was no change. In 1866 Orison Hardy was chosen president, and J. B. Pres- cott clerk. In 1869 Otis Barton succeeded Mr. Hardy, and in 1870 Frederick C. Dow took Mr. Prescott's place as clerk. There was no change till 1873, when Mr. Hardy again be- came president. The next year Mr. Dow became treasurer and Uriah A. Carswell was chosen clerk. Edson Hill suc- ceeded Mr. Hardy as president in 1875. The following have been members of the board of directors without l)C- ing elected to any other office, and so not mentioned above: First Freewill Baptist Church. 147 E. B. Merrill, Charles Brown, John Paige, Ephraim S. Pea- body, Ruel Walker, S. C. Merrill, George Kimball, J. Si- mons, Setli J. Sanborn, Isaac Sanborn, James Baldwin, D_ F. Smith, John Hamilton, Cyrus Puffer, Lewis W. Clark, S. P. Duntley, Hiram Simpson, James K. Taylor, Storer Nason, James A. H. Grout, Jeremiah L. Fogg, J. Irving Whittemore, William H. Wilson, Francis A. Hawley, Sam- uel Martin, Henry H. Huse. July 5, 1870, (he society voted to repair its meeting- house at an expense of five thousand dollars, and three days later it was burned, being consumed by the great fire of Friday morning, July 8, 1870. The next day a meeting was held in the common-council room in the city hall and a committee appointed to devise plans for future action. Services were first held in Music hall (then the Elm-street Universalist society's meeting-house) and afterwards in Smyth's hall. Meanwhile, in accordance with a plan which had been proposed and adopted by the society, a new church was being built on the corner of Union and Con- cord streets, which was dedicated April 30, "1873, the soci- iety having previously held services in the vestry, which w^as first completed. The value of the church and land is set at seventy-five thousand dollars. FIRST FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH. Members of tlie Freewill Baptist denomination began holding meetings in Manchester in a school-house the last of the year 1838. Elder Lemuel Wliiting came from Low- ell once a fortnight and preached for several months. The Rev. John L. Sinclair came to this city in September of the next year and from his coming dated definite action. Tim- othy Foss, Winthrop James, Nehemiah Chase and others met at the house of Winthrop James, September 9, 1839, to consider the subject of forming a Freewill Bai)tist so- 148 Manchester. ciety and building a meeting-house. Timothy Foss was chosen moderator, and Smiley Gordon clerk. A commit- tee was chosen to take the matter into consideration, and, September 13, a constitution was adopted and the society was organized as the First Freewill Baptist Society in Man- chester, and the first officers were chosen October 7, as follows : Timothy Foss, president ; Nehemiah Chase, vice- president ; Smiley Gordon, clerk and treasurer ; Ezra T. Rumery, David Ricker, Leonard Jackson, Henry D. Colby, Samuel A. Simpson, Francis H. Watson, Winthrop James, directors. Soon afterwards a few members of the society built a small hall on Concord street to rent to the society for a house of worship, and the latter used it as such till increasing numbers and strength encouraged them to build a meeting-house for themselves. In January, 1842, the Amoskeag Company gave them a lot of land on the north- east corner of Chestnut and Merrimack streets, and in the same year they built upon it the church which now stands there and forsook their first meeting-place, which has since been occupied by various societies, and, having been re- moved to Central street is now used for a store. In 1840 the society elected the following officers : president, Leon- ard Jackson ; vice-president, Daniel Haines ; clerk and treas- urer. Smiley Gordon; directors, Jerome B. Rumery, David Ricker, Jehoah Tuttle, Timothy Foss, Ezra T. Rumery, Samuel A. Simpson, Nehemiah Colby. January 11, 1841, Smiley Gordon resigned as clerk and treasurer and the Rev. John L. Sinclair, the pastor, was chosen to fill the place. March 31, 1841, members of the society met and formed a legally incorporated society un- der the same name. They adopted a new constitution April 19 and chose, as president, Leonard Jackson ; vice presi- dent, Albert B. Chamberlin ; secretary, John L. Sinclair ; treasurer, Jerome B. Rumery ; prudential committee, Dan- iel Haines, David Ricker, Francis H. Watson. The first First Freewill Baptist Church. 149 annual election under the new constitution was held in De- cember of that year, when Leonard Jackson was re-elected president, continuing to hold that office till 1848 ; Lib- erty Raymond was chosen vice-president ; A. B. Chamber- lin, clerk and treasurer; Alpha Currier, Henry D. Colby, Ebenezer P. Sawin, prudential committee. The next year Jerome B. Rumery was chosen vice-president, and Daniel Haines, Stevens James and Timothy Foss, prudential com- mittee. Li April, 1843, Joseph L. Ames was chosen clerk and treasurer. At the election in December, 1843, Daniel Haines was chosen vice-president ; Henry D. Coll)y, treas- urer ; Edson Hill, Jeremiah Wheeler and Daniel Haines, prudential committee. In 1844 Joseph Knowlton was elected treasurer, and Leonard Jackson, Stevens James and Liberty Raymond, prudential committee. In 1845 Jeremiah B. Hoitt was elected secretary ; John S. Folsom, treasurer ; John S. Folsom, Joseph D. Emerson, Andrew J. Butterfield, prudential committee. In 1846 Hiram W. Sa- vory succeeded Mr. Folsom as treasurer, while Andrew J. Butterfield, Samuel Page and Joseph Fogg were chosen prudential committee. In 1847 the offices of secretary and treasurer were combined in Jeremiah B. Hoitt, and the prudential committee consisted of Daniel Haines, Osgood Paige and Jonathan Smith. In 1848 Samuel Gould became president; Hiram W. Sa- vory, vice-president; J. B. Hoitt, secretary ; Daniel Haines, treasurer; Liberty Raymond, H. W. Savory, Osgood Paige, prudential committee. In 1849 H. W. Savory was chosen president ; L. P. Ware, vice-president ; J. B. Hoitt, secre- tary and treasurer; John S. Folsom, David Ricker and Ste- vens James, prudential committee. In 1850 J. S. Harri- man was elected to succeed Mr. Hoitt as secretary and- treasurer, and Danier Haines, Liberty Raymond and Ste- vens James were chosen prudential committee. In 1851 Samuel Gould was elected president ; H. W. Savory, vice- 150 Manchester. president; J. S, Harriman, secretary; Liberty Raymond, treasurer; John S. Folsom, Samuel Gould, James M. Berry, prudential committee. In 1852 these were re-elected, and in 1853 Justin Spear succeeded Mr. Harriman as secretary, and James M. Bean was chosen to take Mr. Raymond's office. In 1854 John W. Severance was chosen })resident ; William B. Dana, vice-president; S. P. Chase, secretary; James M. Bean, treasurer ; H. W. Savory, Justin Spear, Jonathan Horn, prudential committee. In April of the next year Samuel Gould succeeded Mr. Chase as secretary. The annual meeting, which had hitherto been held in De- cember, was now held in January and the officers for 1856 were : president, John W. Severance ; vice-president, W. B. Dana ; secretary, Silas Hamilton ; treasurer, Jefferson Knowles ; prudential committee, James M. Bean, John S. Folsom, W. B. Dana. These were re-elected tiie next year. In 1858 W. B. Dana was chosen president, and J. S. Harri- man, vice president, George W. Quinby succeeding Mr. Folsom as a member of the prudential committee. H. W. Savory was elected to the office of treasurer in April. The last election was held in 1859, when Jacob Clark was chosen president; J. B. Daniels, vice-president; Jacob Clark, M. E. George, A. J. Butterfield, prudential committee. November 14, 1839, a meeting was held at the hall of the Freewill Baptist society by those who were interested in forming a church, the Rev. John L. Sinclair presiding. A committee, consisting of John L. Sinclair, Leonard Jack- son and Nehcmiah Chase, was chosen to report articles of faith. Another meeting was held two days later, when a covenant was adopted, the church was organized and the Rev. John L. Sinclair was chosen its fust pastor. He was "dismissed, March 4, 1843, and the Rev. Daniel V. Cilley was chosen in his place. Alter a pastorate of seven years he resigned, April 1, 1850, and the Rev. Joseph B. Davis succeeded him. He left in September, 1855, and the Rev. First Freewill Baptist Church. 151 F. W, Straight was cliosen pastor on the first of Deceml)er of that year. Mr. Straight left in the summer or fall of 18o7, after which H. F. Snow supplied the pulpit till June 10, 18 ')8, when he was ordained. The Rev. J. M, Bailey began liis labors March ol, 1859, and continued with tlic ehni'ch till the sej)aration in the fall, mentioned below, be- coming pastor of the Pine-street church in December. The first clerk of the church was David Ricker, who was succeeded in 1840 by Leonard Jackson. Neither of them performed the duties of the oftice, and the Rev. John L. Sin- clair, who had kept the records from tl;e first, was chosen clerk in 1842. He was succeeded in January, 1843, by J. B. Rumery, who served till 1845, when Daniel Haines, who had been made treasurer the year before, was chosen clerk. In 1849 Hiram W. Savory was elected clerk and treasurer, being succeeded by Joseph C. Dyer in May, 1855, who re- tained the office till September, when Charles W. Eaton was chosen. In 1856 Samuel Gould succeeded him, and in 1857 George S. Ho'mes was chosen, who kept the rec- ords up to the dissolution of the church. Timothy Foss and Daniel Haines were chosen deacons, October 2, 1840 ; Osgood Paige, May 25, 1844 ; Samuel Lougce, Charles F. Stanton and Moses S. Boynton, March 10,1849; Samuel Gould, Liberty Raymond and Hiram W. Savory, January 11, 1854 ; J. W. Severance, Septeml)er 26, 1855 ; Jonathan J. Straw, August 12, 1857. The society, which had become embarrassed by lack of funds, conveyed its property, January 28, 1859, to the " Union Association," an organization of members of the society, and thus obtained money to discharge its obliga- tions. This association exchanged in the fall their meet- ing-house for the one then owned by the First Unitarian society and which stands on the corner of Pine and Merri- mack streets, and the Freewill Baptist society, which had been hiring the old house of this association, voted, De- 152 Manchester. cember 16, 1859, to use the one obtained of the Unitarians. This is the last record of the First Freewill Baptist society. The church connected with it voted, August 27, 1859, the record asserts, to disband, and though the church after- wards known as the Ehn-street, and now as the Merri- mack-strect Freewill Baptist church, has proven that the meeting at which the church is alleged to have been dis- solved was an illegal one and has established before the Rockingham Quarterly Conference, to which it belongs, i'ts right to the title of the First Freewill Baptist Church, it has never seen fit to adopt it since it assumed a different name. Trouble arose in the fall of 1859 and a separation took place, a part, consisting mostly of members of the church and retaining the church records, going to a church on Elm street and being organized, January 11, 1860, as the Elm-street Freewill Baptist Church, and the rest, in- cluding a majority of the society and keeping the society records, moving to the old Unitarian chapel and being formed, December 21, 1859, into the Fine-street Freewill Baptist Church. An ineffectual attempt to unite them was made in 1871. ST, Paul's methodist episcopal church. The Methodists had been the first to own a meeting- house in the original town of Manchester, having built one in 1829 at the original centre of business and population. And ten years later, when the manufacturing industries had made the town anew and moved the point around which the city was to crystallize westward to the river, the Methodists were on the spot and were supporting occa- sional preaching. At length the Second Methodist Episco- pal Church was organized, December 16, 1839, and in June of the next year the Rev. John Jones was appointed pas- tor. In that year they built a chapel on the corner of Han- St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church. 153 over and Chestnut streets, where the residence of the Hon. Nathan Parker now stands, and worshiped there till 1843, when, having outgrown it, they sold it to the First Unita- rian society, who moved it to the corner of Pine and Mer- rimack streets. To take its place they built the brick church on Elm street, between Market and Merrimack, which afterwards passed out of their hands, they retaining a lease of the property. Upon their removal to Elm street, they assumed the name of the Elm-street Methodist Epis- copal church. • In 1855 twenty-three members left it and were organized on the nineteenth of May of that year as the North Elm- street Methodist Episcopal church. Their first pastor was the Rev. Elisha Adams, who was stationed in 1853 and 1854 over the church out of which this was formed. He remained but part of one year and the Rev. C. N. Smith filled out his term. The latter was succeeded by the Rev. George W. H. Clark, who was the pastor in 1856 and 1857. The next year the Rev. Charles Young was appointed and continued through 3 858 and 1859. The Rev. George S. Dearborn was pastor in 1860 and a part of 1861, the Rev. Mr. Owens filling out the year, remaining till the union of this with the parent church in 1862. They held services in Smyth's liall and the city hall. " It had long been thought," writes the RevAl. M. Buck- ley, pastor of the Elm-street church in 1861, in recording its consolidation with the seceding church, " that a union of the two churches was desirable, and the attempt had been made to form it, but from various causes it had failed. About the time of the assembling of the New Hampshire Annual Conference, April, 1862, the depression of business in the city and the consequent reduction in the numbers and funds of the societies, which was increased by the de- parture of between thirty and forty members of the church 10 154 Manchester. for the seat of war, rendered it obvious that the time had come when the interests of both societies would be pro- moted by their consolidation into one. Members of both churches assembled in the Elm-street vestry on Monday evening, April 7, 1862, there being present twenty-one of the Elm-street and eighteen of the North Elm-street church. The Rev. J. M. Buckley of the former church was chosen chairman, and Nathaniel Herrick of the latter, secretary. A proposition was then brought before the convention to dissolve the present organization and form out of the whole number of members of both churches a new churcli and society upon an equal basis. This proposition, being placed in the form of a resolution, was adopted by a vote of thirty- nine, which included the entire delegation of both churches present." The Rev. Osmon C. Baker, then bishop, recognized the union at the Conference then in session at Sanbornton Bridge, named the new organization St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal Church of Manchester, stationed over it the Rev. J. M. Buckley, and, in conjunction with the Rev. James Pike, then presiding elder of the district, appointed the following trustees to manage the affairs of the church : Nathaniel Herrick, Waldo Wliitney, Henjamin H. Piper, James Mitchell, jr., Hilas Dickey, Levi H. Sleeper, E.W. Copp, Artemas Jackson, E. W. Bartlett. To these trustees was conveyed the property of the Elm-street church. The present church has a membership of four hundred and thirty, and the Sunday-school connected with it numbers five hundred and seventy-five. Of the latter Joseph A. Foster is superintendent, and R. M. Couch assistant super- intendent. Grace Church. 155 The following have been tlie pastors of the church from its formation as the Second church to the present time : 1840. John Jones. 1853-4. Elisha Adams. 1841. Silas Greene. 1855-6. Henry H. Ilartwell. 1842. Elihu Scott. 1857. Richard S. Rust. 1843-4. James W. Morey. 1858-9. llenrv Hill. 1845. Osmon C. Baker. 1860. John Currier. 1846-7. John Jones. 1861-2. James M. Buckley. 1848. Samuel Kelly. 1863-4. Jonathan Hall. 1849. Lorenzo D. Barrows. 1865-6. William H. Thomas. 1850. Charles N. Smith. 1867. Hiram L. Kelsey. 1851. Silas Quimby. 1868-9. Daniel C. Babcock. 1852. Justin Spalding. 1870-1-2. E. A. Smith. 1873-4. James Pike. GRACE CHURCH. In June, 1841, a desire having been expressed to the diocese of New Hampshire that Episcopal services might be held in Manchester, the Rev. P. S. Ten Broeck of St. Paul's church, Concord, performed services in the old high- school-house on Lowell street on the second Sunday of the following July. These services were followed during that month and the next by others held in the same place and conducted by the Rev. Theodore Edson of Lowell, Mass. The first meeting with reference to a church was held July 19, at the residence of William A. Burke, when a committee, consisting of John A. Burnham, William A. Burke, Henry C. Gillis, B. F. Hathorne and Samuel P. Greeley, was appointed to take the matter into considera- tion. They subsequently made a report which was unfavor- able to immediate action. After July there were no ser- vices till the third of October, when they were resumed in a room called "Chapel hall," in LTnion building on the southern corner of FAm and Market streets. The Rev. Edward Livermore was the first to officiate, being followed in October and November l)y the Rev. Moses B. Chase of Hopkinton, the Rev. A. McCoy of Lowell, Mass., the Rev. 156 Manchester. Theodore W. Snow of Roxbury, Mass., and the Rev. Fer- dinand Putnam of Methuen, Mass. Near the close of No- vember the Rev. William H. Moore of New York city, a recent graduate of the General Theological Seminary, vis- ited Manchester by invitation and officiated on the twenty- eighth in the hall in Union building. The attendance be- ing encouraging, an invitation was extended to all who wished to form a church after Protestant Episcopal usage, to meet the next Monday evening, November 29, 1841, at the same place. A number of gentlemen met at that time, organized a church to be known as St. Michael's, and elected the following officers : William A. Burke, senior warden ; John S. T. Gushing, junior warden ; J. Appleton Burnham, Oliver W. Bayley, Robert Read, Henry C. Gillis, vestry- men ; Samuel F. Wetmore, secretary. Robert Read subse- quently declined to serve, and Samuel P. Greeley was chosen in his stead. The gentlemen present at the meet- ing were the Rev. William H. Moore, J. Apj)leton Burn- ham, William A. Burke, John S. T. Gushing, Henry G. Gil- lis, Samuel P. Greeley, Samuel F. Wetmore, Daniel Sav- age, Gharles D. Horr, John M. Hyland. A constitution and by-laws were subsequently adopted. At the annual meeting at Easter in 1842, Daniel Savage was elected one of the vestry in place of Mr. Gillis. The next year Mr. Greeley was succeeded by Samuel F. Wet- more and William B. Webster was chosen secretary in Mr. Wctmore's place. In 1844 Joshua M. House and George T. Clark were elected vestrymen to succeed Messrs. Sav- age and Wetmore. In 1845 John S. T. Gushing and Sam- uel F. Wetmore were elected wardens; John A. Burnham, Oliver W. Bayley, George T. Glark and Thomas R. Crosby, vestrymen. In 1846 Mr. Wetmore was succeeded by T. Wiggin Little, and in 1847 Mr. Glark by Thomas Hoyt. In October, 1847, Mr. Burnham resigned and S. L. Wilson was chosen in his stead. In 1848 Oliver W. Bayley and Grace Church. 157 Charles T. Durgiii were elected wardens ; Thomas R. Cros- by, S. L. Wilson, William A. Putney and Thomas D. Brad- ley, vestrymen. In October James Collins was chosen to take Mr. Bradley's place. In 1849 John S. T. Cushing and David Ames were elected wardens ; Oliver W. Bayley, James Collins, Caleb Duxbury and T. Wiggin Little, vestrymen. These were re-elected at the annual meeting of 1850, but in November Mr. Cushing was succeeded by S. L. Wilson. In 1851 Davis Baker was elected a warden to succeed Mr. Ames, and Charles T. Durgin was chosen a vestryman to succeed Mr. Collins. These continued in office through the next three years, except that Mr. Baker was succeeded in 1853 by William Langford, and Mr. Wilson in 1854 by R. H. French. Joel Taylor took the latter's place the next year, and Mr. Langford resigning soon after, William C. Young was chosen to fill the vacancy. In 1856 Justus D. Watson succeeded Mr. Duxbury and George L. Andrews was chosen secretary, the latter being also chosen warden the next year in Mr. Young's stead. In 1858 Mace Moulton and Justus D. Watson were elected wardens ; Thomas Hoyt, T. Wiggin Little, Davis Baker, Joel Taylor, Andrew G. Tucker and Charles Wells, vestrymen; Justus D. Watson, secretary. In 1859 Mr. Little was elected warden to succeed Mr. Moulton, and William B. Webster and George A. French took the place of Messrs. Little and Taylor in the vestry. These were re-elected in 1800 and George A. French was chosen sec- retary in place of Mr. Watson. There is no record of an election in 1861. By an act of the legislature, passed at the June session of 1861 and accepted by the parish June 2, 1862, the name of " St. Michael's " was exchanged for " Grace," and the lat- ter's records begin in 1862, when Joel Taylor and James E. Pollard were elected wardens ; William B. Webster, 158 Manchester. Thomas Hoyt, Justus D. Watson, J. B. Bradley, vestry- meu ; T. W. Little, clerk. In 1863 William B. Webster succeeded Mr. Pollard as warden and John Truesdale and A. A. Dunk took the places of Messrs. Webster and Iloyt among the vestrymen. In 1864 Messrs. AVatson and Brad- ley were succeeded as vestrymen by James McEvoy and G. W. Stratton, and Horatio Fradd was chosen clerk. There was no change in 1865, and in 1866 L. B. How was elected warden to succeed Mr. Webster. In 1867 John Cayzer was chosen w-arden in place of Mr. How ; John Truesdale, Benjamin F. Martin, William L. Killey, J. B. Bradley and George A. French were chosen vestrymen ; and Horatio Fradd continued as clerk. In 1868 the places of Messrs. Killey and Bradley in the vestry were filled by the election of James M. Varnum and D. P. Hadley. In 1869 William B. Webster was choi^en to suc- ceed Joel Taylor as warden and there has since been no change in that office ; Lucien B. Clough was chosen a vestryman to succeed Mr. Truesdale. In 1870 Martin V. B. Edgerly took Mr. Varnum's place in the vestry and Charles H. Hill w^as chosen clerk. There was no change in 1871. In 1872 Charles Wells was elected a vestryman in place of Mr. Clough. the latter being chosen clerk the next year and Mr. Wells being then succeeded by A. H. Sanborn, all the officers being re-elected in 1874. A house on Concord street which liad been built and used by the First Freewill Baptist society was hired and fitted becomingly, and the congregation removed thither in June, 1842. There they remained till they outgrew the place and an effort was made to build a church. By the exertions of the congregation, donations from abroad and the gift of a lot of land from the Amoskeng Company, sit- uated on the northwest corner of Lowell and Pine streets, this purpose was accomplished, and the new church was consecrated December 28, 1843, by the Right Reverend First Unitarian Church. 159 Mantoii Eastbiini of tl^e diocese of Massachusetts. This house was of wood aud was displaced by the present one of stone, which was consecrated December 4, 1860. The old one was cut in two and moved, one half to the south side of Merrimack street, between Beech and Maple, where it now stands, and the other half to Hanover street, to be burned in the fire of 1870. The real estate, including the parsonage, is valued at fifty thousand dollars. The system of free seats was adopted at Easter, 1864. The first rector was the Rev. William H. Moore, who en- tered upon his duties December 25, 1840. Want of health compelled his resignation, April 23, 1848, and he was suc- ceeded, June 18, 1848, by the Rev. John Kelly, a gradu- ate of Trinity college, Hartford, Conn., who remained till April 1, 1852. The Rev. I. G. Hubbard, the next incum- bent, took charge of the parisli May 16, 1852, but he was forced to resign at Easter, 1866, by physical infirmity. During his rectorship the parsonage, on the nortlieast cor- ner of Pine and Orange streets, was built. He was suc- ceeded, June 3, 1866, by the Rev. William J. Harris, who remained till January 1, 1869, being followed in November of that year by the present rector, the Rev. Lorenzo Sears. The church has a membership of one hundred and forty, and the Sunday-school connected with it, of which the rec- tor is the superintendent, has a hundred members. * FIRST UNITARIAN CHURCH. The first preaching in this city of the doctrine belonging to the Unitariau faith was given in March, 1841, by the Rev. S. Osgood, then of Nashua, when a considerable num- ber of persons united in a subscription for the support of religious services, which were continued about four months. On account of the unfavorable situation of the rooms which were obtained for services, it was thought best to suspend 160 Manchester. them till the town hall was finished, and then, in March, 1842, they were resumed. The Rev, Charles Briggs, the agent of the American Unitarian Association, preached the first Sunday and the Rev. Oliver H. Wellington continued services through the month of April. "April 24, 1842, at a meeting of those persons who were interested in the support of Unitarian preaching in the town of Manchester, held at the house of William Shep- herd, John D. Kimball was chosen chairman and E. A. Straw, secretary. There were also present James May, M. G. J. Tewksbury, William Shepherd, James McKeen Wil- kins, H. F. Richardson, B. F. Osgood, Edwin Bodwell, Herman Foster and J. H. Kimball." E. A. Straw and Daniel Clark were chosen a committee to draft a constitu- tion and by-laws, which were adopted at a meeting held on the twenty-seventh of April, when E. A. Straw was chosen clerk and treasurer of the society. May 1, J. D. Kimball was chosen president, and William Shepherd and B. F. Man- ning, directors. These continued in office till 1847, except that Mr. Straw was succeeded as clerk and treasurer, No- vember 11, 1844, by Isaiah Winch, and he, March 22, 1845, by Charles F. Warren. In 1847 Richard H. Ayer was elected president ; Wil- liam Shepherd and George Hall, directors ; and A. G. Tucker, clerk and treasurer. The latter was succeeded the next year by F. A. Hussey ; in 1849 Luther Farley took Mr. Hall's place as a director ; and B. F. Manning was chosen, September 9, 1849, clerk and treasurer. In 1850 Daniel Clark was chosen president ; William Shep- herd and Samuel H. Price, directors ; F. A. Hussey, clerk and treasurer. Messrs. Shepherd and Price were succeeded the next year by John H. Moore and Frank A. Brown, and Mr. Hussey by Charles L. Richardson. E. A. Straw be^ came president in 1853 ; Daniel Clark became a director in 1854 in place of Mr. Brown ; in 1855 Samuel P. Jack- First Unitarian Church. 161 son succeeded to Mr. Moore's place, himself being followed in October by F. A. Brown. In 1857 A. W. Sargent was elected president; Daniel Clark and F. A. Brown, directors; A. P. Gilson, clerk and treasurer. In 1858 F. A. Brown became president, and Charles F. Warren and Charles L. Richardson, directors. In 1859 Moody Currier was elected president, and William A. Webster, clerk and treasurer. The next year J. B. Chase and R. N. Batchelder were added to the board of directors. In 1861 Samuel Webber became president ; John Hosley and George W. Thayer succeeded Messrs. Warren and Richardson as directors ; and Isaac W. Far- mer was elected clerk and treasurer. In 1862 Edwin P. Richardson and Moses W. Oliver were chosen directors in place of Messrs. Chase and Batchelder. In 1863 Herman Foster was elected president ; Moses W. Oliver, Moody Currier, George G. Shute and Emil Caster, directors. The next year David B. Varney was chosen a director to suc- ceed Mr. Shute, and Jam'es B. Straw, clerk and treasurer, to succeed Mr. Farmer. In 1865 Moody Currier became president, and Thomas R. Hubbard and John Brugger took the place of Messrs. Currier and Custer as directors. In 1866 John L. Kelly was elected president ; Alfred F. Perry, Horatio H. Ladd, George W. Weeks and Noah S. Clark, directors ; and the next year Mr. Straw was suc- ceeded as clerk and treasurer by Horace M. Gillis. In 1868 Albert Mallard became president ; George B. Chand- ler, J. M. Howe, Person C. Cheney and Henry A. Farring- ton, directors ; and George W. Weeks was chosen clerk and treasurer the next year. In 1870 Clinton W. Stanley was elected president; David B. Varney, Nathaniel W. Cum- ner, Abraham P. Olzendam and E. M. Tubbs, directors ; and in 1871 Charles L. Richardson became clerk and treas- urer. There was no change in 1872, but in 1878 Person C. Cheney was chosen president ; William Perivins, George 162 Manchester, F. Judkins, John M. Chandler and John Gillis, directors ; Henry A. Farrington, clerk and treasurer. In 1874 George W. Weeks was elected president ; Emil Custer, John M. Chandler, Joseph L. Stevens and George H. True, direct- ors ; Henry A. Farrington, clerk and treasurer. These were re-elected in 1875. On the afternoon of July 19, 1842, the day on which the first pastor, Mr. Wellington, was ordained, " according to appointment a discourse was delivered by the Rev. William H. Channing of Nashua, before an assembly met for the purpose of organizing a church. After the discourse, the covenant agreed upon and the names of those who had signed it was read and a declaration made that by this act of faith a new branch of the church of Christ was now planted. The members of the church from this and other societies then partook of the Lord's Supper." The names of the signers of the covenant are these : Benjamin F. Os- good, S. Manning, Esther Parker, Melinda Osgood, Mehit- able Eastman, Oliver H. Wellington, C. A. K. Wellington, Susan Manning, John Caldwell and H. M. A. Foster. The pastors acted as clerks of the church. September 26, 1852, during Mr. Fuller's ministry, A. W. Sargent and Thomas Ordway were chosen deacons, and Charles Aldrich and Isaac W. Farmer were subsequently elected to that office. The first pastor of the society was Oliver H. Wellington, who was ordained July 19, 1842, by a council which met at the Manchester House. The pastors of all the churches in the city were invited to be present and assist in the ser- vices, but all of them, except the pastor of the Universalist church, declined. Mr. Wellington's labors with the soci- ety ceased April 1. 1844, and he was succeeded by the Rev. A. Dumont Jones, who was installed July 10, 1844, his connection with the parish ceasing at the end of March, 1845. " At the close of Mr. Jones's ministry the society found itself enfeebled and remained destitute of a pastor. First Unitarian Church. 163 its pulpit, however, being generally supplied by various clergymen. For sonic eight or ten Sundays the Rev. Mr. Gage, formerly of Nashua, preached to good acceptance. Mr. Edward Capen was likewise engaged subsequently for an equal length of time, but this was the nearest approach to a permanent ministry till the latter part of December, 1846, when the Rev. M. I. Motte, formerly of Boston, was engaged to preach for one year. * * * * While the city, however, had increased to a population of fourteen thousand in the brief period since its founding, it being only nine years since one house alone could be found in the place, yet the society had not increased, but was found feeble and in debt at the close of Mr. Motte's engagement. A motion was made to dissolve the society, which was, hoAvever, negatived and it was resolved that another effort should be made." Arthur B. Fuller, a brother of the cel- ebrated Margaret Fuller, the Countess D'Ossoli, then a re- cent graduate of the divinity school, accepted a call and was ordained March 29, 1848, remaining with the society till June 1, 1853. The next pastor was the Rev. Francis LeBarron, who took charge of the society without a formal installation, August, 1853. His resignation was accepted October 14, 1855. " At the close of his ministry the society was for several months without a pastor, unable to settle upon any of the many candidates they heard. The Sunday-school was reduced to one class, wliich was taught through the winter of 1855-56 by Miss Susan Manning. Still preach- ing was maintained and the society kept out of debt." William L. Gage was ordained June 25, 1856, resign- ing the first Sunday in April, 1858, and being succeeded by the Rev. Sylvan S. riunting, who was installed September 29, 1858, and left about November, 1861. A. W. Stevens was ordained November 5, 1862, and left the society the last of October, 1865. The Rev. Augustus M. Haskell was 164 Manchester. his successor, being installed September 12, 1866, and re- signing March 30, 1869. The Rev. Charles B. Ferry was installed December 9, 1869, and took his departure in the summer of 1874. The Rev. Henry Powers began his lor bors with the society November 1, 1874, declining a formal installation. The society's first place of worship, after it left the city hall, was a small wooden chapel built in 1841 on the cor- ner of Hanover and Chestnut streets, where Natlian Par- ker's house now stands, by the Second Methodist Episcopal society. In 1843 when the Methodists built their brick church on Elm street, they leased this chapel to the Unita- rians at an annual rent of six per cent, upon its cost, and Mr. Wellington first preached in it July 2, 1843. That month, however, the society bought it and moved it to a lot on the corner of Merrimack and Pine streets, the gift of the Amoskeag Company, and enlarged it. During Mr. Fuller's ministry the capacity of flie chapel was still far- ther increased and its appearance improved. In 1852 the Hon. Richard H. Ayer left the society in his will a house on the corner of Chestnut and Central streets, which was used subsequently for a parsonage and sold in 1864 to John Ryan. About this time a new church was talked of and the lot on the corner of Elm and Bridge streets was one of the sites proposed, but the idea was given up. In 1859 the society exchanged its house for the one built by the First Freewill Baptist society on the corner of Chestnut and Merrimack streets, then in the hands of a "Union Association," giving them three thousand five hun- dred dollars besides. This they sold in 1871 to Col. Waterman Smith, and in 1872 they dedicated a new house of worship on the corner of Beccii and Concord streets. This, with the lot on which it stands, is valued at forty thousand dollars. A large congregation worships there, and the Sunday-school, of which George W. Weeks is su- perintendent, has one hundred and fifty members. Franklin-Street Church. 165 franklin-street church. After the annual meeting, April 27, 1844, of the " First Congregational society in Amoskeag village," by which name the First Congregational or Hanover-street society was still known, was dismissed, William G. Means called to order those who remained and a resolution which de- /clared the formation of a second society advisable was of- fered and discussed. Another meeting was held on the third of May, when a committee, consisting of the Rev. C. W. Wallace, Asa 0. Colby, Abram Brigham, Andrew Moody and William G. Means, which had been appointed to make farther inquiries, reported in favor of the plan and the resolution of the previous meeting was passed. May 7, a constitution was adopted and signed by sixteen individu- als and the Second Congregational society of Manchester was thus formed. The first officers were: Josiah Crosby, president; Abram Brigham, clerk and treasurer ; William C. Clarke, Thomas Carleton, Walter T. Jaquith, directors. These were re- elected the next year. In 1846 Joseph E. Smith and George T. Mixer succeeded Messrs. Carleton and Jaquith as directors. In 1847 the president was David Brigham ; clerk and treasurer, Abram Brigham ; directors, George T. Mixer, Aldus M. Chapin, Albe C. Heath. In 1848 Asa 0. Colby became president, and Messrs. Mixer and Heath were succeeded as directors by David Gillis and William W. Brown. In 1849 William C. Clarke and William Rich- ardson were chosen directors in place of Messrs. Brown and Chapin. The next year Josiah Crosby was again chosen president and the rest were re-elected. These con- tinued in office till 1855 with hardly a change, Plunehas Adams being chosen in 1852 to succeed Mr. Gillis, and A. M. Chapin in 1854 to take Mr. Richardson's place. In 1855 William W. Brown was made president ; William ('. Clarke, David J. Clark and Reuben Dodge, directors. 166 Manchester, The next year Frederick Smyth became president, Ephra- im Corey took Mr. Clarke's place among the directors, and Abram Brigham, who had been clerk and treasurer of the society from its formation, resigned and his place was filled by Albert H. Daniels. In 1857 Isaac W. Smith, Alfred G. Fairbanks and Abram Robertson were elected as the board of directors. In 1858 Josiah Crosby was again chosen pres- ident ; the offices of clerk and treasurer were separated, Francis B. Eaton being chosen as the former and Frederick Smyth as the latter ; and Albert H. Daniels, David Gillis and William C. Clarke were chosen directors. The next year Albert H. Daniels succeeded Mr, Smyth as treasurer, and John M. Harvey took Mr. Daniels's place among the directors. In 1860 George S. Neal was chosen a director in place of David Gillis, and there was no change the next year. In 1862 Charles Morrill and Samuel Upton were elected directors in place of Messrs. Harvey and Neal, and the two next elections made no change except that Mr. Dan- iels was succeeded as treasurer by Isaac W. Smith in 1864. In 1865 John M. Ordway was chosen president ; Albert H, Daniels, clerk; Isaac W. Smith, treasurer ; Samuel Up- ton, A. M. Chapin and J. S. Sanborn, directors. In 1866 Robert M. Shirley succeeded Mr. Sanborn as director, and in 1867 William W. Brown took Mr. Ordway's place as president. In 1868 William W. Brown was president ; Daniel C. Gould, jr., clerk ; Marshall P. Hall, treasurer ; Samuel Upton, Albert H. Daniels and George W. Dodge, directors. In 1869 William P. Newell and Alden W. San- born succeeded Messrs. Daniels and Dodge as directors, and James A. Weston was chosen treasurer and has been annually re-elected since. In 1870 Isaac W. Smitli was chosen president and John M. Hill became a director in place of Samuel Upton. The next year Mr. Sanborn was succeeded l)y David Cross, and in 1872 John B. Clarke suc- ceeded Mr. Newell, and Marshall P. Hall was chosen clerk. Franklin-Street Church. 167 In 1873 there was no change and in 1874 George W. Rid- dle was elected a director in place of Mr. Hill. The legis- lature, at the June session of 1859, passed an act author- izing the society, which had built some years previously a house of worship on Franklin street, to assume the name of the Franklin-street society and the society voted on the twenty-fifth of April of the next year to accept the act. Their first religious services were held in the town hall on the first Sunday in June, 1844. There they worshiped till the burning of the town bouse on the twelfth of Au- gust, when they removed to a chapel on Concord street which had been first used by the First Freewill Baptist so- ciety and then by St. Michael's (now Grace) churcli, but was at this time vacant. In December they took posses- sion of the hall in Patten's block and worshiped there till the completion of the new town house in 1845. This they occupied till the completion of their present church on the southeast corner of Franklin and Market streets, which was dedicated December 22, 1847. On the twentieth of May, 1844, a committee had been appointed to consider the expediency of organizing a church in connection with this society, and on the twenty-seventh of June the Second Congregational church was formed by a council which met at the house of the Rev. C. W. Wallace, then pastor of the First church. The following persons united in its formation : Mr. and Mrs. Henry Lancaster, Mrs. Elizabeth Gordon, Mr. and Mrs. Richard Trow, Mr. and Mrs. Asa 0. Colby, Miss Abby S. Robertson, all of the First churcli ; Miss Mary Libbey and Mrs. Susan H. Moody of a church in Lowell, Mass. ; Elizabeth Page and Mary Emerson of the church at Goffstown ; Ira Merrill of that at Plymouth ; Rodney L. Huntington of that at Francestown ; Nicholas Youngman of that at Saugerties, N. Y. ; Josiah Crosby, Mrs. Olive L. Crosby, Harriet McClary, Al)i'am Briaham and Alma Briy;ham of that at Meredith Bridije. 168 Manchester. The following became members of the church at its first meeting: Andrew Moody of a church at Lowell, Mass. ; Mr. and Mrs. Walter T. Jaquith of the church at Milford ; Mr. and Mrs. David W. Grimes, David Brigham, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Carleton of the First church ; Sarah J. Em- erson of the church in Candia ; Joshua Avery of the church at Meredith Bridge. In accordance with a vote of the members, December 17, 1847, it assumed the name of the Franklin-street church. The Rev. Mr. Wallace lield the office of moderator till the settlement of a pastor and David Brigham was chosen as clerk and treasurer. He resigned the latter office March 26, 1857, when Alfred B. Soule was chosen to fill his place, and was also succeeded by Mr. Soule as clerk, September 9, 1858. Mr. Soule resigned both offices No- vember 29, 1858, and H. C. Bullard was his successor. When the latter's place became vacant by his removal from the city, Aldus M. Chapin was elected, January 5, 1866, to fill it. He resigned May 7, 1871, when Albert H. Daniels was chosen clerk, and Isaac W. Smith, treasurer, both of whom have continued in office to the present time. Shortly after the formation of the church David Brig- ham was chosen a deacon, and, a little later, Thomas Carle- ton received an election to the same office. December 18, 1845, Walter T. Jaquith was chosen deacon, and May 14, 1846, George T. Mixer. December 24, 1847, Aldus M. Chapin was elected to succeed Mr. Jaquith, who had left the city. Deacon Carleton resigned January 4, 1849, and Erastus Danielson was chosen March 29, 1849, to take his place. Mr. Brigham resigned his deaconship March 26, 1857, and Albert H. Daniels was chosen in his stead. April 16, 1857, Deacons Mixer and Chapin having left the city, Alfred B. Soule was elected to the office. Francis B. Eaton was made deacon November 11, 1858. Deacon Dan- ielson left the city in 1858 and Deacon Soule in 1859, and Franklin-Strket Church. 169 November 1, 1860, Aldus M. Cliapiii, havin<^ returned, was re-elected to his former office. Henry T. Mowatt was chosen deacon April 6, 1866, and resigned April 2, 1874. In 1871 Deacon Chapin again left the place, and July 9, 1872, George Murdough and Ira Barr were elected, making four deacons now in office. The first pastor was Henry M. Dexter, who was ordained November 6, 1844. He was dismissed March 14, 1849, and was succeeded, September 26, 1849, by the Rev. Henry S. Clarke. The latter remained till July 1, 1852, and, No- vember 3, 1852, the Rev. Samuel C. Bartlett was installed. He was dismissed February 18, 1857, and his successor, the Rev. Aaron C. Adams, was settled on the twenty-second of July of the same year. He left September 22, 1858, and William H. Fenn became pastor of the church February 10, 1859. He remained over seven years, being dismissed July 17, 1866. He was followed by William J. Tucker, who was ordained January 24, 1867. In the summer of 1874 in- terest in Mr. Tucker's preaching had drawn so many to the Franklin-street church that there were no pews un- rented, and many were seeking accommodation in vain. Mr. Tucker, in declining a call to become the pastor of the Madison-avenue Congregational church in New York city, wliere the salary is at least ten thousand dollars, drew the attention of the church and society to the need of a larger liouse of worship, and a committee was raised to have the matter in charge and obtain, if possible, fifty thousand dol- lars by subscription, the estimated cost of a new building. A partial effi^rt was made at that time to this end, and there the matter rested till February 21, 1875, when Mr. Tucker read to the congregation from the pulpit a communication in which he offered his resignation, stating in substance that his usefulness was crippled by the want of accommo- dation for those who wished to enjoy the privileges of wor- ship in the Franklin-street church. This announcement 11 170 Manchester. was received with general surprise and regret, and a meet- ing of the congregation was held that afternoon, when twen- ty thousand dollars was pledged for the building of a new church. This sum was afterwards raised to thirty-seven thousand dollars, but no further increase could be made. Other plans were proposed but failed of execution, and Mr. Tucker, deeming it inconsistent with the interests of the church and society to withdraw his resignation, publicly re-affirmed it March 14, intending to close his labors with the church after the first Sunday in May. The church property is estimated to be worth eighteen thousand dollars. The church has a membership of about three hundred, and the Sunday-school numbers nearly six hundred. Of the latter Samuel Upton is superintendent, and Albert H. Daniels assistant superintendent. MERRIMACK-STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. " Early in the year 1845 the pastor of the First Baptist church in Manchester, in contemplating the rapidly increas- ing population of the place and the fact that the church numbered more than three hundred communicants, and that sufficient accommodations could not be obtained for more than one-half of the inhabitants if all the places of public worship were filled, felt that the cause of Christ and the interests of religion demanded of the First church to make an effort to establish and sustain a second interest." " May 2, 1845, the subject was brought before the church by the pastor, the Rev. Benjamin Brierly, and after a free and full discussion it was voted that Brethren David P. Perkins, John B. Goodwin, Daniel Gooden, Deacon Samuel Weston and the Rev. Andrew T. Foss be a committee to ascertain what can be done in relation to the subject of or- gant^ing a second church and report at a future meeting." May 26, the committee made a report favorable to the enterprise, which was adopted, and, June 2, the church Merrimack-Stkbkt Baptist Church. 171 voted that it was expedient to organize a second church at once. " October 27, 1845, the First Baptist church in Manches- ter met for business, when tlie following brethren and sis- ters presented their request to be dismissed from this churcli for the purpose of forming a second church in this town, agreeably to a vote of the church passed June 2, 184'), viz.: Andrew T. Foss, Samuel Weston, Elviress Par- niontcr, Daniel Gooden, John B. Goodwin, David P. Per- kins, Alfred George, Thomas George, John Buzzell, Henry G. Buzzell, Jonathan Rand, John Rider, M. M. Foss, Eliza Weston, Electa Parmenter, Marinda Gooden, Caroline S. Goodwin, Abigail Brooks, Ann W. Parmenter, Sarah Em- erson, Betsey Conner, Esther P. Rand, Betsey Buzzell, Ro- sanna Buzzell, Milla R. Parker, Elizabeth Night, Ann E. Weston, Mary Ann George, Lydia George, Lydia George, 2d, Caroline George, Sarah Rand, Clorinda Rider and Ab- igail Rider, and Isaac Manning and Ann E. Manning by letter." October 31, 1845, those who were purposing to form the church met at John B. Goodwin's house and chose the Rev. A. T. Foss moderator and David P. Perkins clerk of the evening. Upon motion of Deacon Samuel Weston it was voted to organize as the Second Ba})tist Church in Man- chester, and David P. Perkins was chosen its clerk. The church was publicly recognized as such by a council De- cember 3, 1845. The first pastor was the Rev. A. T. Foss. He was dis- missed at his own request July 11, 1847, and was suc- ceeded, December 26, by the Rev. J. C. Morrill, who left July 15, 1849. The next minister was the Rev. 0. 0. Stearns, who remained not quite a year and was followed in January, 1851, by the Rev. Isaac Woodbury. After his withdrawal in January, 1853, the Rev. John Peacock, for- merly pastor of the old Amoskeag Baptist church, sup- 172 Manchester. plied the pulpit till the middle of April and then different clergymen officiated for two or three months. In July, 1853, the Rev. J. M. Coburu became the pastor. His res- ignation was accepted October 8, 1855, but seven weeks later he was invited to again become pastor of the church and accepted the invitation. His resignation was again offered and accepted December 5, 1858, and the Rev. King S. Hall was recognized as pastor March 30, 1859. He left September 4, 1862, and the Rev. A. W. Chaffin succeeded him June 10, 1863. He remained till February 2, 1868, when his resignation was accepted. The Rev. Alden Sher- win, the present pastor, was recognized as such November 18, 1868. The first clerk of the church was David P. Perkins, who was chosen upon its formation. Upon his dismissal in 1847 Daniel Gooden acted as clerk till July 2, 1849, when Caleb Gage was chosen. George Holbrook acted as clerk from January, 1851, to July, when the Rev. Isaac Wood- bury, who had been chosen clerk in April, took the rec- ords, being succeeded, January 24, 1853, by Pliny Allen. George Holbrook was chosen clerk January 2, 1854, and has held the office ever since. The first treasurer was Daniel Gooden, who was elected November 9, 1845, and was succeeded January 1, 1851, by Caleb Gage, the present treasurer. At the organization of the church Samuel Weston, Elvi- ress Parmenter and Daniel Gooden were chosen deacons Deacon Weston being dismissed in 1847. January 8,1849, Ebenezer Clark, Caleb Gage and Jerry Felt were added to the number, Deacon Clark leaving in 1850 to join the First church from which he had come two years before, and Deacon Felt being dismissed in 1854. Savory T. Burbank, Lyman Wood and Calvin Boynton were chosen deacons Oc- tober 29, 1855, and, March 2, 1856, George Holbrook and Timothy S. Jacobs. Merrimack-Street Baptist Church. 173 The raeetiiiffs of tlie church were first held in Classic hall and afterwards in Temple hall in Patten's block, but during Mr. Morrill's pastorate services were held for a short time in the chapel on Central street which was moved from Concord street, where it had been occupied in succession by the First Freewill Baptist society, St. Michael's church and the Second Congregational society. Thence the church moved to the city hall, which it occupied till February 22, 1849, when the brick church on the southwest corner of Elm and Pleasant streets was occupied for the first time. This was built by Daniel Gooden with a view to its posses- sion by the church, to which he sold the second story, with the understanding that the third might be bought when- ever the church desired. With Mr. Gooden were after- wards associated John V, Gooden and Stephen D. Green, and subsequently the property fell into the latter's hands. The church voted, December 14, 1853, to adopt the name of the Elm-street Baptist church. March 27, 1854, the following associated themselves to form a corporation under the name of the Elm-street Bap- tist Church, for the purpose of holding the property : Jesse M. Coburn, Daniel Gooden, Stephen M. Bennett, William H. Gilmore, Caleb Gage, John B. Goodwin, Alfred George, Thomis H. Stevens, Elviress Parmenter, Oliver Gould, Gilman Stewart, Silas F. Dean, George Holbrook. They re-elected the officers of the church. One payment had been made upon the building, but the church declined to make another and, after remaining there till February, 1857, they left and worshiped with the First church and in Smyth's hall and the city hall till the dedication of their present house of worship, October 27, 1857. This was built by a society which had been formed in June of that year and which bought of John H. Maynard and George W. P. Converse the lot on Merrimack street between Pine and Union on which the church stands. It had been proposed ]74 Manchester. to disband two years before they left the house on Elm street, but the church resolved to cling togethei- and at length outlived their troubles. The name of llie church was changed, January 31, 1859, to that of Merrimack- street Baptist Church. December 11, 1870, the church celebrated tbe twenty-fifth anniversary of its existence with appropriate ceremonies. It has now two hundred and fifty members, one hundred and fifty resident. The Sun- day-school, of which John C. Balch is superintendent and George Holbrook assistant superintendent, has one hun- dred and fifty members. The Merriuiack-street Baptist Society was formed June 1, 1857, by Caleb Gage, Calvin Boynton, John B. Goodwin, William H. Gilmore, Elviress Parmenter, Lyman Wood, Wallace VV. Baker, Gilman S. Stewart and George Hol- brook. The corporation was first organized as the Merri- mack-street Baptist Church, but the name of " church " was changed the next day to that of " society." At the first meeting Wallace W. Baker was chosen president ; George Holbrook clerk, and Caleb Gage treasurer ; and these were elected at the annual meeting in January, 1858, together with a board of directors, consisting of Lyman Wood, John B. Goodwin, C. W. Barker, Savory T Bur- bank, Elviress Parmenter, W. H. Gilmore and James Hol- brook. In 1857, as has once been mentioned, the society bought a lot and l)uilt upon it a meeting-house. About 1860 the " Domestic Benevolent Society," an association of women connected with the church, raised the necese^ary funds and built a chapel in the rear of the house. The value of the whole property is estimated at ten thousand dollars. Mr. Baker was succeeded as president by Caleb Gage in 1863, who remained till 1866, when Joseph Simonds took his place. In 1868 John L. Davis was chosen, and he was succeeded in 1870 by W. H. Gilmore who now holds the First Wesleyan Methodist Church. 175 ofl&ce. Mr. Holbrook has been the society's clerk ever since its formation. Mr. Gage continued treasurer till 1869 when Timothy S. Jacobs was elected. His place was taken the next year by Charles W. Barker, who was suc- ceeded in 1871 by the present treasurer, Douglas Mitchell. The following, who have not been included among the offi- cers mentioned above, have been directors at one time and another since the formation of the society : Robert Gil- more, Oliver Gould, Abram Putnam, Leander Gage, Wil- liam A. Vincent, Charles Wheeler, Jason White, William Heap, John C. Balch, Edwin C. Stevens, John H. Wales, Henry I. Caswell, George Dickinson, George W. Davis. FIRST wesleyan METHODIST CHURCH. March 13, 1849, the following persons united to form a church which should be governed by the usages of the Wesleyan Methodist church of America : John Jones, Francis Monroe, Prudence B. Jones, Charles E. Mills, Catherine Mills, Joseph Bartlett, Harriet N. Bartlett, John L. Trefran, Stephen Wiggin, Hannah M. Wiggin, James T. Hardy, Elbridge Dearborn, John C. Wadleigh, Jesse F. Wiggin, John Templeton, Margaret Robertson, Lucia A. Morrill, Melissa Morrill. These were mainly seceders from the Second Methodist Episcopal church and their first pastor was the Rev. John Jones, the first preacher stationed over the church whence they had come, having been its minister in 1840 and again in 184G and 1847. He was succeeded in October, 1851, by the Rev. Jonas Scott, who remained till some time in 1852, when the Rev. Thomas M. Latham took his place. In 1854 the latter was succeeded by the Rev. R. C. Stone and in that year or the next the church was dissolved, the rec- ords ending abruptly in the middle of a sentence. The first clerk of the church was James T. Hardy. He 176 Manchester. was succeeded bj J. C. Wadleigh, and he by E. G. Eaton, and then Mr. Wadleigli was again chosen and succeeded by Langdon Munroe. The treasurers were "William Root and Jeremiah D. Jones. The church held services in the city hall, in Patten's and Granite halls, in the chapel on Central street which had been moved thither from Con- cord street, and finally in the old meeting-house in Piscata- quog village, where the church broke up. MANCHESTER CITY MISSIONARY SOCIETY. In the spring of 1847 the Rev. J. L. Seymour was em- ployed as a city missionary by individuals interested in the cause of religion, who paid his salary and liired a hall where he opened a Sunday-school and conducted religious services. In this way the idea of a free church was sug- gested and the building now used for that purpose, on the northwest corner of Merrimack and Beech streets, was built in 1850 and dedicated on the twenty-third of October of that year. The land on which it stands was given by the Amoskeag Company and the money which built it was the contribution of individuals in the city and of the Con- gregational and Presbyterian churches in the state. The property is worth about six thousand dollars and is held in trust, on condition that the seats in the church shall be free and that public worship shall be maintained, by the Man- chester City Missionary society, which was legally organ- ized April 24, 1850, at a meeting in the vestry of the First Congregational church. George T. Mixer was chosen chair- man and David Brigham secretary, and a constitution was adopted which defines the object of the society to be to sus- tain a missionary or missionaries for the religious instruc- tion of those who do not usually attend public worship. This was amended in 1870 so as to make the distribution of charity an additional object. The society numbers about a hundred members. oZi--^ ^/^/L^^ Manchester City Missionary Society. 177 At the first meeting for choice of officers Moulton Knowles was elected president ; George T. Mixer, vice- president; David Brigham, secretary ; Henry Clough, treas- urer; Stephen Smith, Archelaus Wilson, William G. Means, Frederick Smyth, Aldus M. Chapin, executive committee. In 1851 David Gillis was chosen president and Nahum Baldwin vice-president. In 1852 William G. Means was made president ; Aldus M. Chapin, vice-picsident ; and James 0. Adams succeeded Mr. Brigham as secretary. In 1853 Mr. Chapin was relieved by George T. Mixer, and Abraham Robertson became treasurer in place of Mr. Clough. The next year James Hersey succeeded Mr. Means as president, and in 1855 Ephraim Corey was elect- ed vice-president and William H. Ward secretary. In 1856 Mr. Corey was chosen president and Jonathan Ten- ney was elected to the place thus left vacant. In 1857 Henry T. Mowatt was chosen president ; Moulton Knowles, vice-president ; David Hill, secretary. Within the year the latter was succeeded by Charles Aldrich, and Abraham Robertson, who had been treasurer since 1853, was suc- ceeded by Horace Pettee. In 1858 George W. Pinkerton became vice-president ; in 1859 there was no change ; and in 1860 Mr. Pinkerton was elected president ; John Harvey, vice-president ; Sylvanus Bunton, secretary ; Holmes R. Pettee, treasurer. In 1861 Horace Pettee was chosen president and Theodore T. Ab- bot vice-president. There is no record of a meeting in 1862, and the next year William Bailey became vice-pres- ident and Thomas B. Brown secretary. These ofiicers were re-elected in 1864 and 1865 with the exception of ]\rr. Bailey, who was succeeded by Charles Currier in 1865, and there was no change in 1866, 1867 and 1868. In 1869 Henry W. Herrick was elected president ; Alden W. San- born, vice-president ; and John G. Lane secretary, who has held the office ever since. In 1870 Orison Hardy became 178 Manchester. vice-president and Joseph H. Peabody secretary. In 1871 Henry Clough was elected president; James T. Frost, vice- president; and William F. Childs, treasurer, who has been re-elected annually since. In 1872 Storer Nason succeeded Mr. Frost as vice-president and in 1878 Albert H. Daniels succeeded Mr. Clough as president, since when there has been no change. The executive committee of 1874 con- sisted of Alden W. Sanborn, Marshall P. Hall, Alfred G. Fairl)anks, Horace Pettee and Moses E. George. The Rev. Mr. Seymour continued his labors as mission- ary after the church had been built and in April, 1851, was succeeded by the Rev. T. P. Sawin, who remained till about the same time in 1856. He was followed by the Rev. Lyman Marshall, who remained till 1860. For six years thereafter the enterprise languished, no missionary was hired and religious services were not sustained. In 1866, however, the Rev. T. P. Sawin returned to assume the duties of missionary and remained three years, leaving in May, 1869, and being followed in October of that year by the Rev. Frank G. Clark. He resigned in April, 1873, to become pastor of a church in Rindge, and the present missionary, the Rev. William H. Rand, began his labors in September. Miss M. E. Spear served as assistant mission- ary in parts of 1869 and 1870, and, after she left, Mrs. George P. Woodman performed her duties a ))art of the time till the appointment of Miss Sarah J. Fitzpatrick — now Mrs. Thomas Bailey — in Apiil, 1872. She held the office till May, 1874, when she resigned, and in September Mrs. Daniel S. Adams was appointed and now serves. The society's annual income is derived from several dif- ferent sources. From the start it had received one hun- dred and fifty dollars a year from the state missionary so- ciety, but this ceased about 1870, when the mission in this city enlarged its sphere of action. Tl>c sum of sixty dollars accrues as interest upon a thousand dollars bequeathed in Manchester City Missionary Society. 179 1851 by the late Thomas D. Merrill of Concord ; the inter- est of eighty-eight dollars is received from a fund left in trust for the society's uses: and the two Congregational churches in the city make an annual appropriation of three hundred dollars each. About 1870, when the society com- bined charitable w^ith religious work, the Amoskeag, Stark, Manchester and Langdon corporations agreed to pay for the support of the mission a sum equivalent to one hun- dredth of one per cent, upon their capital stock, amount- ing in all to six hundred and fifty-five dollars. Voluntary contributions at the services in the free church add about one hundred dollars, making a stated income of about[^four- teen hundred dollars. From this is paid the missionary's salary of twelve hundred dollars and the current expenses, and the surplus is used, so far as it goes, to support an as- sistant city missionary for a longer or shorter time. The needs of the poor had become so apparent after the war that subscriptions were raised at irregular times, and Mr. Sawin, who was then missionary, spent a part of his time in the relief of the destitute. The result of this has already been referred to in the recognition by an amend- ment to the society's constitution of the distribution of charity as a part of the missionary's work and the annual contribution of over one-half his salary by the corporations. The relief fund is kept in a separate account and was be- gun by the raising of five hundred dollars at a levee five or six years ago. This was spent in about three years and Mr. Clark, then the missionary, raised three hundred dol- lars more by subscription, which has gradually been spent, and the society relies upon individual subscriptions of money, clothing and other necessaries for means to carry on its charitable work, none of the stated income being spent in that way. The society, while it was engaged solely in religious work, was solely a Congregational society, but when it began to relieve the suffering, an effort was made to 180 Manchester. enlist the sympathies of other denominations in the city, and for a year or two nearly all made contributions for its support. The interest, however, was but temporary and aid from other than Congregational churches has ceased, though other denominations are represented in its officers. Shortly after the free church was built it seemed desir- able to those who attended service there or who took part in the Sunday-school, that a church should be regularly organized to worship there, and, December 7, 1852, in ac- cordance with a notice previously given, a few persons as- sembled to take the matter into consideration. They de- cided to proceed and chose Abraham Burton clerk. The church was formally organized December 80, 1852, by an ecclesiastical council, under the name of the " Christian Mission (Miurch." The city missionary was always the pas- tor of the church. Joseph T. Ayer was chosen treasurer March 5, 1853, and, December 31, 1853, James Brooks and Abraham Burton were elected deacons. Deacon Burton resigned his clerkship in 1857 but continued to keep the books. The last record was made in 1859 and about that time the church fell to pieces. A Sunday-scliool had been supported there till the closing of the church in 1860. While it remained unopened, a mission-school was organ- ized in the vestry of the First Congregational church and transferred thence to the free chapel, when worship was resumed there. The school has now about two hundred and fifty members. John G. Lane is the superintendent and Daniel S. Adams assistant superintendent. SECOND UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. The Second Universalist society was formed by men who separated from the First society and who met and adopted a constitution December 10, 1859. They were followers of the Rev. B. M. Tillotson, who had been pastor of the First Second Universalist Church. 181 church, but had resigned its charge the previous October. They met again the first day of the next year at Smyth's hall and elected Lewis Simons president, Charles H. Chase vice-president, Ira A. Bowen secretary, and John D. Bean treasurer. In March of that year the Rev. B. H. Davis ac- cepted an invitation to become pastor of the society and re- mained till February, 1861. In January, 1861, Charles H. Chase became secretary and Luther Smith succeeded him as vice-president, but before the month was out, all the offi- cers resigned, and John Gillis was elected president, P. D. Howe vice-president, J. D. Jones secretary, and E. P. Pearson treasurer. On the fourteenth of December, 1861, the Rev. B. M. Tillotson, whose services the society had endeavored to obtain at the outset, began his labors with it. In 1862 Lewis Simons again became president ; E. P. Pearson, vice-president ; W. P. Rundlett, secretary ; and J. D. Bean, treasurer. These continued through the next year. Jaimary 11, 1863, the society voted to take the name of the Elm-street Universalist Society. Till that year worship had been held in Smyth's hall, but then the society moved to what is Jiow Music hall, which had been built with a view to its occupancy by the society. In 1864 Eleazer Martin was chosen president ; John Gillis, vice- president ; Ira A. Bowen, secretary ; and John D. Bean was re-elected treasurer. The next year Allen Partridge was chosen vice-president and Darwin A. Simons treasurer, Mr. Martin and Mr. Bowen being re-elected, but upon the former's death in June, Thomas Maskey was elected to take his place. In 1866 Charles H. Chase became secre- tary and there was no change till after the annual election of the next year had passed. It was deemed wise to form a legally incorporated soci- ety, and, February 27, 1867, Thomas Maskey, Lewis Simons, George H. Dorr, Charles H. Chase, H. L. Drew, Darwin A. Simons and George E. Glines were associated as the 182 Manchester. Elm-street Universalist Society, proper notice of the fact being given. In April Thomas Maskey was chosen presi- dent ; Allen Partridge, vice-president ; Charles H. Chase, clerk ; and Darwin A. Simons, treasurer. The next year Lewis Simons became president and George H. Dorr vice- president. In 1869 George E. Glines succeeded Mr. Dorr. In 187U A. C. Osgood became clerk and George E. Wilson treasurer. In 1871 H. L. Drew was elected president ; B. K. Parker, vice-president ; A. C. Osgood, clerk ; and A. B. Chase, treasurer. In March of that year the Rev. B. M. Tillotson left the pastorate of the society, and preaching was supplied by the Rev. A. P. Folsom from May till No- vember, on the twenty-seventh of which month the society voted to dissolve. The Elm-street Universalist Church was formed in June, 1860, and disbanded in the fall of 1871, eighty-seven mem- bers having been connected with it. Its clerk was John Gillis ; its treasurer, J. C. Hill ; and its deacons, J. C. Hill, Amasa Waterman, John Gillis, Lewis Simons, Columbus Wyman. In connection with it a Sunday-school was or- ganized in 1860, which had a hundred and sixty members. Its superintendents were J. C. Hill, George H. True and the several pastors. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Prior to the year 1820 there was no house of worship in Manchester except the old town-house at the Centre. At that time the inhabitants of Piscataquog village, then apart of Bedford, feeling the need of better religious privileges, took measures to build a meeting-house. A company was organized and the stock, divided into thirty-three shares of one hundred dollars each, subscribed for, and, though there were then but ten houses in Piscataquog, all the money was raised in the village. A very desirable lot of land, situ- First Presbyterian Church. 183 ated on the river road on the hill which rises from the south bank of the Piscataquog, was given, and a large part of the stock was taken, by the heirs of William Parker, a wealthy merchant of the village, then lately deceased. Work was begun on the house in the spring of 1820 and it was finished and dedicated on the fifteenth of November of that year. The building committee consisted of James Patten, Jonathan Palmer and William P. Riddle. It had been hoped that on the completion of the house an arrangement might be made with the Presbyterian church at Bedford Centre, by which the pastor of tliat church might divide his labors and occupy the pulpit of the new house a part of the time. It is worthy of remark that the Presl»yterian doctrine was taught in Piscataquog and at Manchester Centre, and that Presbyterians were many in the vicinity of the meeting-house which was built in 1736 in the southeast part of the town, while Congrega- tionalism, in which the kindred denomination has now been lost, as far as Manchester is concerned, emanated from Amoskeag village. As this arrangement with Bed- ford could not be made, and as the people of the village were unable of themselves to sustain preaching, no stated and regular services, except occasionally for a lew months at a time, were held in the house till its occupation by the Wesleyan Methodists in 1855. However, soon after its ded- ication the Rev. Mr. Long was engaged to teach the district school and preach on Sundays, and after his retirement the Rev. Mr. Pomeroy, a fresh graduate from the theological seminary at Andover, supplied the pulnit for some time and an unsuccessful effort was made to settle him as a col- league with the Rev. David McGregor of Bedford. Just before the revival of 1831 a Mr. Saulsbury preached ac- ceptably and in the spring of 1839 an old minister named Miltimore occupied the pulpit for a time. 184 Manchester. In 1842 the proprietors decided to dispose of the house and it was accordingly sold for about three hundred dollars to a company, which, six years later, was incorporated un- der the name of " The Piscataquog Village Academy," the grantees being William P. Riddle, Jonas B. Bowman, James Walker, Daniel Mack, Mace Moulton, Frederick G. Stark, Henry C. Parker, Samuel Brown, Andrew J. Dow, James Harvell and Ephraim Harvell. The uj)per part of the building was fitted for school pur[)0ses, the lower part being still retained for public worship, and in the fall of 1842 the house was opened to the public as an academy. The first principal was Dr. Leonard French, now of this city. He was succeeded by Hiram Wason, and he by Charles Warren. In March, 1845, Benjamin F. Wallace, afterwards an elder in the Presbyterian church which was formed in the village, t(iok charge of the school and re- mained its instructor till its discontinuance, with the ex- ception of one year when it was taught by the Rev. Amos Abbott, once a missionary in India. In the summer of 1855 the First Wesleyan Methodist church, which had been meeting for several years in various halls in the city proper, obtained permission to occupy the house and sustained religious services for a short time and then withdrew. The pastor, the Rev. R. C. Stone, suc- ceeded, however, by making a strong personal effort among the people, in raising sufficient funds for his support, and continued his ministrations during the fall. In the spring of 1856, by advice of the Londonderry Presbytery and with the aid of the Presbyterian Board of Missions, the Rev. George A. Bowman was employed and he continued to supply the pulpit till July, 18G6. During his ministry, a committee of the Londonderry Presbytery, appointed for that purpose at Windham in October, 1858, met, November 9, 1851), at Piscataipiog village, which had become a part of Manchester three years before, and organ- V FlIlST PllKSBYTRIlIAN ChURCH. 185 ized the "First Presbyterian Church in Manchester" with the following members: Mr. and Mrs. Samuel McQueston, B. F. Wallace, Marion Wallace, Mrs. Sarali French, Celia N. French, Ellen B. Frencli, Robert H. French, Mrs. Betsey P. Walker, Mrs. James Harvell, Jonas B. Bowman, Asenath L. L. Bowman, Margaret McQueston, Mi-s. Adeline Living- ston. The church held a meeting the same day and elected Deacon Samuel McQueston and Benjamin F.J Wallace el- ders and the latter was ordained to the office of elder, be- ing also chosen clerk. At different times during its exist- ence a number of persons were added, but in 18G7, the year after Mr. Bowman's departure, it was disbanded and its last i-ecord was made December 20, 1867, by the Rev, Ar- thur Little, pastor of the church at Bedford, who granted, by authority of the Presbytery, letters of dismission to Ira Barr, Mrs. Lucinda S. McQueston, Miss Margaret McQues- ton and Mrs. Sarah C. Harvell, who joined the Franklin- street church, and Mr. and Mrs. Ebenezer Hartshorn, who went to the First Congregational church. In 1870 Mrs. Mary P. Harris, a native of Piscataquog village and tlie daughter of William Parker, having ex- pressed a desire to repair the church and put it in the hands of the Young Men's Christian Association, the pro- prietors voted to give it to her for that purpose with the understanding that the Association would always keep it in repair. In accordance with this vote Mrs. Harris ac- cepted the house, and, having thoroughly renewed it, trans- ferred it to the Association, by which it is held in trust, the latter agreeing on its part to keep the building in good condition and to maintain "evangelical" preaching in it. It was dedicated April 21, 1872, with appropriate religious exercises, different clergymen of the city taking part and the Rev. Dr. Wallace giving a brief history of religious worship in Piscataquog. A Sunday-school was then organ- ized and has continued since in a flourishing condition, first 12 186 Manchester. under the superintendence of Col. Francis W. Parker and then, successively, of Edward Taylor and Charles A. Da- venport. It has now about one hundred members. The city clergymen supply the pulpit in succession Sunday after- noons. PINE-STREET FREEWILL BAPTIST CHURCH. " December 21, 1859, in compliance with the request of some Freewill Baptist brethren in Manchester a council, consisting of the Rev. S. Curtis, A. R. Bradbury, E. M. Tappan and J. P. Nutting, convened in this city for the purpose of re-organizing a church," and, by the advice and assistance of this council, the Pine-street Freewill Baptist church was formed. The Rev. J. M. Bailey, who had been pastor of the First Freewill Baptist church from which this had arisen, was installed the same day as pastor. He closed his labors in November, 1861, and, September 10, 1862, Reuben V. Jenness was ordained. He resigned June 1, 1863, and was succeeded by the Rev. Nahum Brooks. The latter resigned May 12, 1869, and the Rev. N. L. Row- ell accepted an invitation to become pastor of the church. In November, 1873, he resigned and the Rev. Harrison F. Wood was installed May 22, 1874. At the organization of the church Silas Hamilton was chosen clerk and treasurer. He resigned October 3, 1862, and H. W. Savory succeeded him, continuing in office till April 30, 1873, when Mr. Hamilton resumed his former office. December 30, 1859, H. W. Savory and J. J. Straw, who had been deacons in the old church, were elected to the same office in this, and July 8, 1868, Samuel Gould was added. December 28, 1870, J. B. Daniels and F. P. Smith were also elected deacons. Tiie church has now about two hundred and twenty-five members, probably one hundred and fifty resident, and the Sunday-school numbers Pine-Street Freewill Baptist Church. 187 two hundred and seventy-five. Of the latter James S. Berry is superintendent, and Harvey B. Sawyer assistant superintendent. Tiie " Union Association " was formed for the purpose of assuming the debts of the First Freewill Baptist society, January 8, 1859, meeting at the residence of Jonathan Cil- ley. Its members were J. M. Bean, George W. Quinby, William B. Dana, H. W. Savory, Jonathan J. Straw, A. J. Butterfield, Liberty Raymond, Silas Hamilton, Francis G. Bean and Jonatlian Oilley. They elected, as president, William B. Dana ; vice-president, Francis G. Bean ; secre- tary and treasurer, Silas Hamilton ; directors, J. M. Bean, Liberty Raymond, H. W. Savory. A constitution and by- laws were subsequently adopted. As has already been stated, this association, having bought of the First Freewill Baptist society its church and ex- changed it for the one then occupied by the Unitarians, rented the latter to the Pine-street church. Their first officers continued through 18G0 and there was but one change in 1861, when J. M. Bean resigned his office as di- rector on account of want of health and was succeeded by J. J. Straw. The same year George W. Quinby sold his stock to F. P. Smith, who thus became a member of the association. These officers were re-elected in 1862, but the next year, upon Mr. Hamilton's departure from the city, H. W. Savory was chosen to succeed him as clerk and treasurer and F. P. Smith took Mr. Savory's place in the board of directors. The property was held by this association till August 30, 1865, when the Pine-street Freewill Baptist society was formed to take its place, its members meeting in the vestry of the church and being called to order by Nahum Brooks. They adopted a constitution, and, at a meeting held Sep- tember 6, 1865, chose True Dudley secretary and treas- urer, and Joseph Bean, Moses E. George and John Kit- 188 Manchester. tredge, wardens. These were re-elected at the first annual meeting in December of that year, but in 186t) Joseph Bean, Joseph Peabody and C. S. Boynton were chosen wardens, being succeeded m 1867 by Joseph Bean, David Ricker and J. B. Daniels. A revised constitution was adopted that year by which the title of wardens was changed to that of prudential committee and a president and vice-president were added to tlie list of officei-s, Sam- uel Gould being chosen as the former and B. W. Robinson as the latter. The society voted, September 25, 1868, to accept the act of incorporation passed by the legislature of that year. The grantees were : Nahum Brooks, J. J. Straw, A. J. Butterfield, Joseph Peabody, H. W. Savory, F. P. Smith, David Ricker, Samuel Gould, Joseph Bean, True E. Dud- ley, Lyman Batchelder and Moses A. Hunkins. The offi- cers chosen that year were : Moses E. George, president ; B. W. Robinson, vice-president; Harvey B. Sawyer, secre- tary and treasurer ; David Ricker, Lyman Batchelder and Moses A. Hunkins, directors. In 1869 Joseph Peabody succeeded Mr. Ricker as a director and during the next year P. P. Smith was elected to take Mr. Hunkins's place. At the election of 1870 J. B. Daniels, J. L. Dearborn and M. C. Clark were elected prudential committee, the two latter being succeeded the next year by A. A. Ainsworth and James S. Berry. The annual election had heretofore been held in Decem- ber and the officers elected in one year had served in the next, but now the time of meeting was changed to Janu- ary and the year of election made coincident with the year of service. In 1873 Nahum Brooks was elected president; David Ricker, vice-president ; Harvey B. Sawyer, secretary and treasurer; James S. Berry, I. D. Palmer and David Ricker, prudential committee. In 1874 A. A. Ainsworth succeeded Mr. Ricker as vice-president, and I. D. Palmer, Merrimack-Street Free Baptist Church. 189 Moses E. George and Silas Hamilton were chosen pruden- tial committee. In 1875 George T. Bailey was chosen clerk, Mr. Sawyer continuing treasurer, and Charles E. Cox, Da- vid H. Burbank and Nahum Brooks were chosen prudential committee. The value of the society's property is about eight thousand dollars. MERRIMACK-STREET FREE BAPTIST CHURCH. Those members of the First Freewill Baptist church who kept the records and claimed the name met for the first time for business January 11, 1860, in the brick church on the corner of Elm and Pleasant streets, formerly occu- pied by the Second (Calvinistic) Baptist society. George S. Holmes, who was the church clerk when the house on Mer- rimack street was occupied, was chosen clerk and treasurer March 21, 1860. In October of that year it was voted to adopt the name of the Elm-street Freewill Baptist Church. The Rev. J. B. Davis occupied the pulpit for a few months, and, March 27, 1861, the Rev. J. A. Knowles was installed as pastor, continuing such till the first of March, 1871. J. W. Severance, Samuel Gould and Stephen H. Rand- lett were chosen deacons March 21, 1860, and on the first of August Joseph E. Walker was added to their number. B. J. Robinson was elected April 3, 1861 ; Stevens James, February It, 1863 ; and John S. Folsom, January 1, 1868. Mr. Holmes, the first dork and treasurer, continued to act in that capacity till August 1, 1866, when Samuel Gould succeeded him. William H. Gate took his place January 2, 1867, and was succeeded in January, 1871, by Timon M. Morse, who had acted as clerk since the previous March. Upon Mr. Morse's departure from town, George S. Holmes was chosen, December 31, 1874, to take his place. The financial affairs of the church were conducted by an association, like that which was formed in the other Free- 190 Manchester. will Baptist church, till February, 1864, when the memheis of the congregation met to consider the propriety of form- ing a religious society. Samuel Gould was chosen chair- man, and William H. Gate, secretary, and John W. Sever- ance, Samuel Gould and Stevens James were appointed to draft a constitution. This was adopted February 22, 1864, and the following officers chosen: Samuel Gould, presi- dent: Stevens James, vice-president; William H. Gate, secretary; John S. Folsom, treasurer ; S. H. Eandlett, D. D. Goodwin and Jeremiah Russell, prudential committee. The name of the " Randall Freewill Baptist Society " was first taken, but it was voted, December 21, 1864, to change the name to that of "Elm-street Freewill Baptist Society." In 186.5 Ste})hen H. Randlettwas chosen vice-president; James M. Nutt, secretary ; Benjamin J. Robinson, William H. Gate and Gharles Davis, prudential committee. In 1866 Benjamin J. Robinson succeeded Mr. Nutt as vice- president, and Joseph W. Bean, Stevens James and L. W. Nourse were elected prudential committee. The next year John S. Folsom became vice-president and D. D. Goodwin succeeded Mr. Nourse as a member of the prudential com- mittee. In 1868 Joseph W. Bean was chosen vice-presi- dent and W. H. Gate became a member of the prudential committee in place of Mr. Goo'dwin, and there was no change in the ne.xt year. In 1870 G. G. Frost was elected president ; Oscar M. Titus, vice-president ; Will G. Morse, secretary; John S. Folsom, treasurer; C. G. Frost, Timon M. Morse and Oscar M. Titus, prudential committee. The last record of this society is dated March 29, 1871, and on that day it was [succeeded by the Merrimack-street Freewill Baptist Society, the same organization with a change of name induced by the removal of the church and society about this time to their old house of worship on the corner of Merrimack and Ghestnut streets. Their officers were elected March 31, as follows: G. G. Frost, president ; Merrimack-Strbet Free Baptist Church. 191 Timon M. Morse, vice-president ; James M. Clough, secre- tary ; Oscar M. Titus, treasurer ; Cliarles Davis, George A. Bailey and George H. Kenniston, prudential committee. The latter were succeeded in 1872 by B. J. Robinson, George S. Holmes and Charles Davis. There was no change in 1873, and in 1874 C. C. Frost was chosen president ; Ti- mon M. Morse, vice-president ; Joseph E. Merrill, secre- tary ; George A. Bailey, treasurer ; Charles Davis, George S. Holmes and Timon M. Morse, prudential comqaittee. In 1875 Joseph W. Bean was elected vice-president ; Will C. Morse, treasurer ; Charles Davis, Joseph W. Bean and Benjamin J. Robinson, prudential committee. The church remained but a few months in tlie old house and then declined, holding irregular meetings at the houses of the members, till 1873, when regular service was begun in the hall of the Young Men's Christian Association in Masonic Temple. The Rev. Samuel McKeown was in- stalled as pastor July 2, 1873. In 1874, gathering num- bers and strength, they returned once more to their first home and in April of that year bought the house and lot of Col. Waterman Smith, who had acquired them from the Unitarians. The church had assumed the name of the Merrimack-street Freewill Baptist Church in 1871, and in 1874, in conformity to a new usage, changed the title of Freewill Baptist to that of Free Baptist. Mr. McKeown resigned July 1, 1874, and the Rev. George M. Park be- came pastor in November of that year. The church has about fifty members, and the real estate is estimated to be worth twelve thousand dollars. There are one hundred and twenty-five members of the Sunday-school, of which George S. Holmes is superintendent, and Joseph E. Walker assistant superintendent. 192 Manchester. second advent church. Believers in the doctrine of what is known as the " sec- ond advent " probably held services in Manchester as early as 1843 and have continued them nearly all the time since, worshiping in Granite hall, Merrimack hall, in halls in the Museum building and in Merchants' Exchange, in other places and now in Martin's hall. They can hardly be said to have had any settled pastor, and not till 1870 any organ- ization. On tlie first of August of that year, after a pre- liminary meeting in July, they formed a society on the basis of a belief in the speedy coming of Christ and the adoption of the New Testament as a rule of life, making Christian character the only test of membership. At a meeting held August 8, 1870, a committee, which serves the purposes of a board of directors, was chosen, consisting of Andrew J. Mayhew, Elisha Slager and Or- lando Proctor. James W. C. Pickering was elected treas- urer and Enos C. Howlett and William A. Lovejoy were created deacons, Marshall J. Kendrick being joined with them in the office, June 3, 1872. All these officers contin- ued through 1871 and 1872. At the annual meeting in 1873 L. H. Summers was chosen as secretary and treas- urer and John Wilson took Mr. Proctor's place as a mem- ber of the commitiee. April 2, 1873, M. B. Harvey was elected a member of the committee to succeed Mr. Slager. At the annual meeting of 1874 Andrew J. Mayhew, S. S. Hatch and Henry J. Hicks were chosen the committee, and the latter became secretary and treasurer. In 1875 these were succeeded as members of the committee by Elisha Slager, William A. Lovejoy and S. S. Hatch. There is a Sunday-school of seventy-five members connected with the church, of which Albert J. Sawyer is superintendent and Benjamin Flanders is assistant superintendent. ^ ^(^r4^ First Christian Church. 193 first christian church. On Wednesday evening, September 21, 1870, those who were interested in the formation of a society according to the faith of those who deem the name " Christian " suffi- ciently indicative of religious belief met, according to pre- vious notice, in Whitney's hall in Ferren's building, and were called to order by J. W. Wallace. It was decided to form a society, and G. W. Hancock, W. H. Cate and J. W. Wallace were chosen to draft a constitution and by-laws. On the nineteenth of the next month they met again and were organized as the First Christian Society of Manches- ter, adopting a constitution and choosing W, H. Cate presi- dent, J. M. Nutt vice-president, J. W. Wallace secretary and treasurer, and Cyrus Fenderson, Joseph Alsop and Noah Kenaston a prudential committee. The next year Elijah Rollins was chosen president, and Noah Kenaston vice-president. W. H. Cate was made treasurer and has continued such till the present time, while J. W. Wallace remained secretary and Mr. Kenaston 's place on the pru- dential committee was filled by Alanson Walker. In 1872 the only change was in the prudential committee, Mr. Fen- derson and Mr. Wallace giving place to J. M. Xutt and Al- pheus Crosby. In November, 1872, however, upon the de- cease of Mr. Rollins, J. M. Nutt was appointed president. He continued in office in 1873, and Albert Gregory was elected vice-president; Abraham Alderson, secretary ; and J, W. Wallace, Edward Cogswell and John B. BicKford, pru- dential committee. Mr. Alderson resigned July 15, 1873, and was succeeded by the present secretary, N. A. Robin- son. In 1874 J. M. Nutt was chosen president ; Alpheus Crosby, vice-president; and Samuel Amsden, J. A. Carr and Frank E. Mason, prudential committee. In 1875 Alpheus Crosby became president ; John B. Bickford, vice-presi- dent ; James M. Nutt, secretary ; John A. Carr, C. A. Mc- Kelvie and Milton Proctor, prudential committee. 194 Manchester. Men and women interested in what is technically known as the '"Christian" belief held meetings for religious pur- poses in Whitney's hall from August, 1870, till October, 1871, being supplied during that time by occasional preach- ers. January 15, 1871, some of them, meeting in the hall for the purpose, adopted a constitution and were organized as the First Christian Church of Manchester, W. H. Cate acting as clerk. At a meeting held January 25, he was elected clerk and treasurer and remains such still. On the fifteenth of the next month Noah Kenaston and James M, Nutt were chosen deacons. The Rev. 0. J. Hancock was the first settled pastor, coming to the charge of the church August 6, 1871. The next month the latter had outgrown its first quarters and began worship in the city liall. Mr. Hancock left the church August 28, 1872, becoming, a few months later, superintendent of the Young Men's Chris- tian Association of this city. He was succeeded January 5, 1873, by the present pastor, the Rev. Elisha H. Wright. The society owns no real estate, but leases the city hall as a place of worship. The church has a membership of one hundred and two, while the Sunday-school has a total at- tendance of two hundred. Tbe superintendent of the lat- ter is W. H. Cate, and the assistant superintendent Alfred B. Richardson. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCHES. In July of 1844 the Rev. William McDonald came to Manchester to assume the charge in spiritual matters of the six hundred Roman Catholics in the city. They began worship the next year in Granite hall, and four years later began the erection of a brick church on the southeast cor- ner of Merrimack and Union streets, known as St. Ann's. After they had begun to hold services in it, it was found to be unsafe and they were compelled to take it down and re- Roman Catholic Churches. 195 build it. The property, including a parsonage, is now val- ved at sixty thousand dollars. Mr. McDonald still remains the priest of St. Ann's and is at present assisted by the Rev. John Powers. With succeeding years the numbers of the denomination were multiplied and the Rev. John O'Brien became an as- sistant to Mr. McDonald. At length the increase justified the forming of another congregation and in 1869 St. Jo- seph's church was built on the southeast corner of Lowell and Pine streets, being dedicated April 18, 1869. The church and the parsonage are valued at eighty thousand dollars. Mr. O'Brien has continued as priest of the con- gregation. Among the features of the city's growth has been the in- crease of its Canadian-French inhabitants, who are attracted by the prospect of work in the manufactories. They are in general of the Roman Catholic faith, and they were organ- ized by themselves in 1871 under the charge of the Rev. J. A. Chevalier, and two years later, after occupying the church on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut streets for a time, they built a church on the southwest corner of Beech and Spruce streets, called St. Augustine's, which, with the parsonage, is considered worth sixty thousand dol- lars. It was dedicated November 27, 1873. Mr. Chevalier has continued with the church since its formation. There is also supported by the Roman Catholics what is known as the " Convent of the Sisters of Mercy," which oc- cupies a brick building on the corner of Union and Laurel streets and was instituted in July, 1858. Mary Francis Xavier Warde is the "mother superior," and there are con- nected with it about forty nuns. Within its enclosure was started in April, 1870, an orphan asylum, which was moved after four years to the "Harris estate," which occupies nearly the whole square bounded by Pine, Hanover, Amherst and Union streets, and was bought for fifty thousand dollars. 196 Manchester. About fifty orplians are generally supported there, employ- ing seven nuns in their care. The Roman Catholics of Manchester own three churches and parsonages, the orphan asylum and lot, two school- houses and lots, besides the convent and other buildings on the square bounded by Union, Laurel, Beech and Merri- mack streets, nearly all of which is theirs, a lot on the corner of Merrimack and Chestnut streets and two other pieces of land in the southern part of the city proper. The land and buildings aggregate in value, at a rough esti- mate, over three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE CHURCHES. The church buildings, as a gener.il thing, were erected not far from 1839 and 1840, when religion was in haste to get a foothold upon tlie soil which was being so rapidly occu- pied by secular enterprise, and, though well adapted to the needs of that day, are not remarkable for grace and beauty. Some of them are too small, others correspond ill with the present condition of the societies which own them, and the general appearance of nearly all of them points to the past. Five, however, are of more modern date. Of these the oldest is Grace church, on the northwest corner of Lowell and Pine streets, which was built of stone to take the place of one called St. Michael's, which was owned by the same Episcopal parish and which stood upon tbe same spot. It is a model in architectural proportions and was built chiefly through the instrumentality of the Rev. L G. Hubbard, then rector of the church, a man of great energy and thorough devotion to the Episcopal faith. The corner-stone was laid on the fifth of June, 1860, and the church was consecrated on the fourth of December of the same year. The building committee consisted of tlie Rev. I. G. Hubbard, B. P. Martin, T. Wiggin Little and The Architecture op the Churches. 197 George A. French. It is one hundred feet long, on Lowell street, and forty-five feet wide, on Pine street; forty feet high, from floor to ridge; with a tower one hundred and twenty feet high. It is built in the Gothic style, of un- coursed stone-work, with slated roof, and furnished with ornamental bronze-plated doors, made after designs by R. H. Slack of Boston, and has capacity for seating five hun- dred persons. The organ-room is in the tower, on the soutlieast corner, and the robing-room is just across the chancel. The original plans, drawn by Richard Upjohn of New York, contemplated a chapel on tiie northern side, which has never been built. The church is furnished throughout with windows of stained glass, has an apsidal chancel with three double lancet windows of cathedral glass, and is finished inside with black walnut. The in- terior has been handsomely frescoed in polychrome, the chancel in 1872, through the liberality of Col. B. F. Martin and the Hon. George B. Chandler, and the nave in 1874 at the expense of Col. Martin alone, wlio also gave the church its costly chandeliers. Curiously, the next church built was St. Joseph's, just across the way, on the southeast corner of Lowell and Pine streets. It was dedicated April 28, 1869, is the largest church in the city and the largest and most costly Roman Catholic church in the state. The church is built of brick, one hundred and thirty-seven feet long and seventy feet wide, with a vestry on the north-east corner, twenty-three feet in width and twenty-five in length, and a chapel on the southeast corner, twenty-three feet wide and fifty feet long. Its total length is thus about one hundred and sixty feet and the rear part is a hundred feet in length from north to south. The latter is two stories high and thus affords rooms for the Sunday-school and for general use. The height of the church, from floor to ridge, is thirty-five feet. In front is a tower, twenty-five feet square at the base, one hundred 1 98 Manchester. and sixty-five feet high, and surmounted by a gilded cross. The roof is supported by twelve pillars with carved rafters. On each side of the house are twelve duplicate windows of stained glass, besides dormer windows in the roof, and eight in the chapel, in addition to others. At the eastern end, be- hind the elegant altar, is a triple chancel colored window, elaborately pictured, whose central figure is the Virgin Mary, while on the right are the Holy Family and on the left the mother of the Saviour teaching her child the Scrip- tures. The walls and ceiling are handsomely frescoed and tlie former are hung with pictures. The church contains two hundred and twelve pews, thus affording seats for thir- teen hundred people, outside of the gallery in the front, while the chapel has seats, in sight of the altar, for three hundred more. The church and land cost about seventy- five thousand dollars, besides the organ, which cost five thousand. The architect was P. C. Keeley of New York. The First Unitarian society dedicated, May 1, 1872, a house of worship to take the place of the one which they ol)tained by exclumge with the Freewill Baptists in 1859, and which tliey had outgrown. It is situated on the north- west corner of Concord and Beech streets, and is built of brick in the English decorated style and in the form of a cross. The audience-room is seventy-six feet long, seventy feet across through the transept and forty-five feet through the nave, with a chapel in the rear, sixty-five feet long and thirty-five feet wide, connected with which are the ladies' parlor, the pastor's study and a kitchen. The interior of the church is ornamented with columns, from whoso capi- tals arches spring nearly to the apex of the roof. The whole is finished in asli and walnut, the organ-case and desk being of solid l)lack walnut, and the windows are of stained glass. The total cost of the church, exclusive of land, was thirty-five thousand dollars. The architect was George E. Dickey of this city and the building committee The Architecture of the Churches. 199 consisted of Ezekiel A. Straw, Elijah M. Tubbs, Clinton W. Stanley, Abraham P. Olzcndani, David B. Varney, Charles L. Richardson and Nathaniel W. Cumner. The- (ire of July 8, 1870, which entailed loss upon so many pec^le, was to none so great a blessing as to the members of the First Baptist society. Their church, then thirty years old, was burned to the ground, but in less than three years another, which far surpassed it in convenience, elegance and value, arose to take its place. Its corner- stone was laid July 15, 1871, and it was dedicated April 30, 1873. It is situated on the southwest corner of Con- cord and Union streets, upon land bought of George W. Morrison and David P. Perkins for three thousand dollars. It was built in the pure Romanesque style of architecture, of brick trimmed with white granite, and is one hundred and fourteen feet long, seventy-four feet wide, and eighty feet from floor to ridge. On the southeast corner is a ventilating-tower one hundred feet high, and on the north- east corner a bell-tower, twenty-two feet square at the base and one hundred and sGventy-five feet high, surmounted by a large cross. The windows are of ground glass with stained borders and the roof is slated, with ornamental railings running on the tops of the ridges. On the first floor is the vestry, with parlors and kitchen. On the sec- ond is the audience-room, eighty feet long and sixty feet wide, with black walnut pews which contain seats for a thousand persons. Back of the desk is a recess for the or- gan, on one side of which is a room for the use of the choir and on the other the pastor's study, and there is a gallery at the eastern end. The interior is becomingly frescoed, and the ceiling is in the form of a segmental arch. The church cost not far from sixty-one thousand five hundred dollars ; the organ, which contains thirteen hundred and seventy-two pipes, cost forty-five hundred dollars: and the bell, which weighs about a ton, cost a thousand dollars and 200 Manchester. is inscribed with the names of its givers — Deacon Seth J. Sanborn and Deacon Orison Hardy. The architect of the church was William H. Myers and the building committee consisted of Joseph B. Clark, William H. Wilson, Ephraim S. Peabody, Joseph E. Bennett, Charles Brown and Otis Barton. In 1873 the French Roman Catholics, who had been wor- shiping in buildings which they rented of others, had in- creased to such an extent, under the ministrations of the Rev. Mr. Chevalier, that it was resolved to build a church of their own. The resolution was carried into effect and the church was dedicated November 27, 1873. It is built of brick, in the English Gothic style, in the form of a cross, and is situated on the southwest corner of Spruce and Beech streets. It is one hundred and twenty-five feet through the nave, fifty-six feet through the transept, with a tower one hundred and sixty feet high. It contains a handsome altar, the walls are frescoed and the chancel is adorned with the usual pictures. It contains one hundred and seventy pews, affording sea4s for about a thousand people. The windows are of stained glass and each one contains the picture of a saint. These were the gifts of individuals of the congregation. The cost of the church was about forty thousand dollars and the architect was George E. Dickey of this city. YOUNG men's christian ASSOCIATION, On the twenty-fourth of February, 1854, the young men of the several " evangelical " churches of the city were in- vited to meet on the third of the next month to consult and take action in reference to " making systematic Chris- tian effort to help young men and uniting in a closer bond Christians of different denominations." The call was signed by the following: Samuel Gould, Abram Brigham, %L— ^ -J^-^. ^J^^> y^ Young Men's Christian Association. 201 Alfred B. Soiile, John C. Tasker, Samuel C. Bartlett, John M. Sawyer, William Grey, Davis Baker, William C. Kim- ball, Edward A. Jenks, Samuel A. Hood, Nathaniel Her- rick, James 0. Adams, John Paige, Charles Hosmer, C. C. Kenistou, George W. Stevens, I. G. Hubbard, W. D. Buck, C. P. Bradbury, William Hartshorn, In accordance with that invitation a meeting was held at that time at the vestry of the First Congregational church and was called to order by Samuel Gould. Abram Brig- ham was chosen chairman, and John M. Sawyer secretary. It was voted to form an association for the purposes named in the call and a committee was chosen to draft a constitu- tion. xVt a meeting held March 17, in the vestry of the Franklin-street church, this was adopted and officers were chosen as follows : William G. Means, president ; John E. Tasker and E. B. Merrill, vice-presidents : J. S. Harriman, recording secretary ; J. M. Col)urn, corresponding secre- tary ; Alfred B. Soule. treasurer; J. D. Jones, librarian ; be- sides one director from each of the "evangelical" churches in the city. At the first annual meeting. May 15, 1854, these were re-elected. The association held meetings at the vestries of several churches till June, when it occupied the hall in Patten's block for a place of meeting and a reading-room. January 20, 1855, it met for the first time in a hall in Smyth's block, which had just been built by William Patten, Fred- erick Smyth and Daniel W. Fling. The hall was in the third story and next to Spring street. In 1855 Elisha Adams was elected president ; J. C. Wing and Abraham Burton, vice-presidents ; Samuel Upton, re- cording secretary ; Samuel C. Bartlett, corresponding sec- retary ; Alfred B. Soule, treasurer ; Sylvanus Bunton, li- brarian. The next year the president was John P. Newell ; vice- presidents, W. H. Gilmore and J. U. Farnham ; recording 1 '^ 202 Manchester. secretary, Justus D. Watson ; corresponding secretary, E. B. Merrill; treasurer, John M. Sawyer; librarian, Sylva- nus Bunton. In 1857 8amuel Upton was chosen presi- dent; Justus D. Watson and George Holbrook, vice-])resi- dents; J. U. Farnhara, recording secretary ; Lyman Marsh- all, corresponding secretary; Sylvanus Bunton, treasurer and librarian. In 1858 the officers were : Justus D. Watson, president; George Holbrook and D. B. Nelson, vice-presidents ; H. C. Bullard, recording secretary ; Henry Hill, corresponding secretary ; Sylvanus Bunton, treasurer and librarian. The next year Silas Hamilton was elected president; D. W. Davis and Wallace L. Rogers, vice-presidents ; George E. Fisher, recording seci-etary ; George A. Bowman, corres- ponding secretary ; Samuel Upton, treasurer ; Sylvanus Bunton, librarian. In 18G0 the president was John G. Lane; vice-presidents, Anson C. Coult and George S. Marshall ; recording secre- tary, John M. Sawyer ; corresponding secretary, John P. Newell ; treasurer, Holmes R. Fettee ; librarian, Eben Fer- ren. During that year the association gave up its rooms in Smyth's block and moved to what is now Whitney's hall in Ferren's building. A new constitution was adopted and a new election was held in September, which resulted in the choice of the existing officers with the exception of vice-presidents and librarian; W. 0. Abbott and H. C. Bul- lard being elected to the former office, and J. N. Childs to the latter. The last election was held in 1861, when James Stoop and J. McAllister succeeded to the office of vice-president, T. P. Kinsley to that of j-ecording secretary and J. Nowell to that of treasurer, the rest of the officers being re-elected. The coming on of the War of the Rebellion hastened the de- crease of the association, though the lack of means had al- ready crippled it. At length, March 3, 1862, the associa- Young Mkn's Christian Association. 203 tion held its last meeting, when it appointed J. M. Sawyer, J. S. Abbott and G. W. Rogers a committee to close its af- fairs and report to its oilicers. The latter met on the last day of March and appointed George W. Rogers, Holmes R. Pettee, James Stoop, J. C. FoUansbee and John D. Patter- son a board of trustees to have charge in trust of the prop- erty of the association. Some of it was sold to pay debts, some was kept and delivered to the association which was formed six years later, some of the papers were sent to the soldiers, its library was loaned to the city library till the new association was formed and obtained it, and its records remain in the hands of John D. Patterson, who was ap- pointed at a meeting of the board of trustees, November 3, 1862, to assume charge of all the association's effects and settle all its bills. Six years later the idea of a Young Men's Christian As- sociation was revived and a meeting of those who were interested in its formation was held March 30, 18(38, in the vestry of the Franklin-sti'eet clinrch. It was called to or- der by John D. Patterson, and Marshall P. Hall was chosen secretary. A committee was appointed to draft a constitu- tion, whicii was reported and adopted the next month, and on the thirteenth the following officers were elected ; Fran- cis W. Parker, president; Richard J. P. Goodwin, vice- president; Charles L. Bailey, secretary ; Jasper P. George, treasurer ; John P. Newell, librarian ; George Holbrook, auditor ; and a board of directors, one from each church. The first annual election was held in May when John P. Newell was chosen vice-president ; Marshall P. Hall, cor- responding secretary, and Eben F. Brown, librarian, the rest continuing in office. In 1861) John P. Newell was elected president and has held the office ever since ; William H. Gate was chosen vice-president : Marshall P. Hall, corresponding secretary ; A. B. Putnam, recording secretary ; H. B. Sawyer, treas- 204 Manchester. urer ; Frank Biickminster, librarian ; George Holbrook, au- ditor. There were but two changes the next year, Holmes R. Pettee becoming recording secretary, and Henry B. Fair- banks treasurer. In 1871 the vice-president and the au- ditor changed places and George C. Kemp became libra- rian. In 1872 Mr. Pettee was succeeded as recording sec- retary by Warner J. Barton. In 1873 the office of corres- ponding secretary was abolished, and Charles A. Adams was elected secretary ; W. H. Gate, treasurer; and John C. Balch, auditor. In 1874 C. A. Davenport was elected sec- retary, but subsequently resigned and was succeeded l)y James M. Mcintosh. Holmes R. Pettee became treasurer and Charles A. Adams auditor. The association's rooms were at first in Merchants' Ex- change over the office of the Hon. Daniel Clark, but, upon the rebuilding of Masonic Temple after the fire of 1870, the association moved thither. In 1872 the Rev. O. J. Hancock, who had just resigned the pastorate of the Chris- tian church, was appointed superintendent of the associa- tion, devoting all his time to its work. He held tlie office but a little while and in May of the next year, when the office of corresponding secretary was abolished, a new offi- cer was appointed, under the name of general secretary, to take tlie place of a superintendent, and C. P. Well man was elected to that position. He resigned in July, and the Jiext February George Mui-dough, the present general secretary, was chosen to his office. The association has now about three hundred members and is supported by the contribu- tions of the churches and the proceeds of an annual lec- ture-course. It has a free library and reading-room, sus- tains religious services in its rooms, at the jail and reform school, and in the suburban districts. The old church in Piscataquog village was bequeathed to it in trust by Mrs. Mary P. Harris, and under its aus))ices services are con- ducted there on Sundays by the clergymen of the city. Young Wombn's Christian Association. 205 YOUNG women's CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. There liad long been established an association designed to be of service to the young men of the city, when, in 1872, the idea was conceived, by some of the women connected with the Franklin-street church, of a similar society, to be composed of young women and whose object should be to prove beneficial to persons of the same sex. Accordingly, September 23, 1872, such a society was formed, to be known as the Young Women's Christian Association. At the first meeting there were elected, for president, Mrs. William J. Tucker ; vice-president, Mrs. David Cross ; sec- retary and treasurer, Miss Josie A. Bosher ; auditor. Miss Alice A. Abbott; directors, Mrs. William W. Brown, Miss Emma J. Lincoln, Mrs. Henry B. Fairbanks, Miss Jennie Paige, Miss Ellen McCarrol, Mrs. Frederick Smyth. The officers were continued through the next year, but in 1874 Mrs. William J. Tucker was elected president; Mrs. David Cross, vice-president; Miss Josie A. Bosher, secretary ; Miss Alice A. Abbott, treasurer ; Miss Sarah P. Howard, auditor ; Mrs. William W. Brown, Miss Fannie E. Butman, Miss Mary Emma White, Mrs. E. M. Wadleigh, Miss Anna E. Willard, Mrs. A. M. Scott, directors. One of the vestries of the Franklin-street church was obtained for the use of the association, and, by the efforts of the members, the contributions of funds and appropriations from the church, the room has been supplied with books and made attractive with pictures, a number of newspapers and periodicals being regularly taken and kept on file there. The room is open every evening and all young women in the city are invited to make it their home for the time. Miss Sarah J. Fitzpatrick — now Mrs. Thomas Bailey — was appoiuted to take charge of the rooms and continued as superintendent till June, 1874, when she was succeeded by Mrs. M. J. Buncher. Since the latter's accession to the 206 Manchester. office, a small circulating library has been set in operation for the convenience of those who prefer to carry books home to read. The room is very pleasant and affords an attractive resort for young women who are strangers in the city or who have no other home than a boarding-house. • PISCATAQUOG AID SOCIETY. Out of a "sewing-circle," which had enjoyed for a number of years the life of sewing-circles in general, the women of Piscataquog village formed, January 27, 1860, the Piscat- aquog Aid Society, with eiglity or ninety members, whose objects were defined to be the " promotion of social and friendly feeling and amusement and the raising of funds to aid the cause of benevolence." It was controlled en- tirely by women, though men were admitted to member- ship. Its meetings were held at the old academy and at the houses of the members, and its funds were devoted, now to the benefit of the church, and now to the relief of the poor. During the war it did good service in making clothing for the soldiers at the front and those in the hos- pital in tbis city. Its first president was Miss Philinda P. Parker ; vice- president, Mrs. E. M. Riddle ; secretary, Miss Ellen B. French ; treasurer, Mrs. C. S. Fisher. In 1861 Mrs. C. S. Fisher became president ; Mrs. Ira Barr, vice-president ; Miss Mary A. Parker, secretary; and Mrs. Daniel K. Mack, treasurer. These were re-elected the next year. In 1863 Mrs. Ira Barr was elected president; Mrs. Daniel K. Mack, vice-president ; Miss Lucy M. Rundlett, secretary ; and Miss Philinda P. Parker, treasurer. These, also, were re-elected to serve for another year. In 1865 Mrs. Charles K. Walker was chosen president ; Mrs. D. B. Eastman, vice-president; Miss Emilie Parker, secretary ; and Mrs. Edward Bryant, treasurer. Manchester Women's Aid and Relief Society. 207 Meetings were held throughout this year, but there is no record beyond January 5, 1866, and the society's life was temporarily suspended, to be re-awakened in 1872, when the meetings were once more begun and have since been kept up. At the time of revival Mrs. John Smith was chosen president ; Mrs. John 0. Parker, vice-president ; Miss Lucy M. Rundlett, secretary ; Mrs. Allen N. Clapp, treasurer. In 1874 Mrs. Smith was succeeded as president by Mrs. D. K. Mack, and Mrs. Parker as vice-president by Mrs. N. T. Folsom. In 1875 Mrs. N. T. Folsom was elected president ; Mrs. Mary A. Hai-tshorn, vice-president ; Miss Ellen P. Walker, secretary and treasurer. The society has now about one hundred members and combines, as before, benevolence with social recreations. Social meetings are held every fortnight and the society meets twice a week in the winter for work. It derives its funds from assessments upon its meml^ers and the proceeds of entertainments. Its beneficiaries are the poor of Piscat- aquog village, a large number of its inhabitants being op- eratives in the mills across tlie river and out of work in times of dull business. It supplies to that village the aid which other societies afford to other parts of the city, and does a praiseworthy work. MANCHESTER WOMEN'S AID AND RELIEF SOCIETY. The depression of business in 1873 and 1874 threw many in Manchester out of employment and thus added to the number of the destitute, so that at the close of 1874 there was more suffering from poverty in the city than for many years before. No organization for purely charitable pur- poses existed and the only approximation to relief for the poor was afforded by the city missionary, the time and means at whose command were totally inadequate to im- mediate needs. The Rev. Mr. Tucker, the pastor of the 208 Manchester. Franklin-street society, enlisted the sympathies of some of the women of the society in the matter, who made a can- vass of the city and thus revealed to what extent and in what extremity destitution prevailed. Their labors discovered that no one society was compe- tent for the relief of all the needy, and in view of this fact and in pursuance of a belief that something ought at once to be done, a circular was sent, under date of January 19, 1875, to representatives of all the Protestant religious soci- eties of the city, inviting them to meet two days later at the residence of Mrs. J. G. Cilley to assist in the formation of a women's society for charitable purposes. In answer to the call a large number of persons met at the place ap- pointed, adopted a constitution and formed an organization under the name of the Manchester Women's Aid and Ee- lief Society, electing the following officers : president, Mrs. B. F. Martin ; vice-presidents, Mrs. P. C. Cheney, Mrs. Phinehas Adams, Mrs. John S. Kidder, Mrs. William L. Killey, Mrs. Henry C. Reynolds, Mrs. Edson Hill, Mrs. Is- rael Dow, Mrs. George S. Holmes, Mrs. H. F. Wood, Mrs. A. R. Wright, Mrs. James Dean ; secretary. Miss Olive Rand ; treasurer, Mrs. Aretas Blood ; directors, Mrs. James A. Weston, Mrs. Lucien B. Clough, Mrs. W. W. Brown, Mrs. John B. Clarke, Mrs. D. B. Varney, Mrs. Frederick Smyth, Mrs. Bradbury P. Cilley, Mrs. J. G. Cilley, Mrs. George B. Chandler, Mrs. Moody Currier, Mrs. A. H. Dan- iels, Mrs. Frederick C. Dow, Mrs. George A. French, Mrs. Samuel P. Jackson, Mrs. William B. Johuson, Mrs. Orison Hardy, Mrs. George Holbrook, Mrs. Aaron Ferren, Mrs. Allen N. Clapp, Mrs. H. W. Herrick, Mrs. Joseph F. Ken- nard, Mrs. R. M. Miller, Mrs. William B. Webster, Mrs. John E. Stearns, Mrs. George W. Riddle, Mrs. James Baldwin, Mrs. Thomas Dunhip, Mrs. A. J. Lane, Mrs. Sam- uel Webber, Mrs. John F. Kennard. The eleven vice-presidents are chosen, one from each of Manchester Women's Aid and Relief Society. 209 the religious societies of the place. The payment of fifty cents annually constitutes any woman a member of the so- ciety. Any person may become an honorary member by the annual payment of five dollars, and any person may become a life member upon payment of fifty dollars. The income of the society is derived from these sources and the life-membership fees are invested for a permanent fund. The society has divided the city into nineteen districts and assigned directors to each to have them in special charge and to explore them for cases of destitution. In the first fortnight of its existence the society had obtained, with no special effort, nearly five hundred dollars, and now rests upon a firm footing. It supplies a want which has always existed in the city but never in such proportions as at the present time. MISCELLANEOUS SOCIETIES. ANCHESTER is a City adapted by the conditions of its birth and growth to the element of secret societies, and they had here an early start and have grown vigorously since. The more prominent secret orders are considered by themselves in this chapter. Different temper- ance associations early took root but have withered away, with the exception of those recently started. Military or- ganizations, of one kind and another, have always been sustained. Of other societies there is no limit, each year adding to the number, and each nationality crystallizing by inherent tendencies into associations peculiar to itself. FREE MASONS. The history of Free Masonry in Manchester begins in the year 1845, when Lafayette Lodge was removed from Bed- ford, the place of its nativity, to this side of the river, and a room was fitted for its occupancy in the attic of Dunck- lee's block over the " old family store," now kept by John M. Chandler. Within two years it had so prospered as to require a larger and better hall, which was found in the next story, and was dedicated in December, 1847, by the Grand Lodge. A dinner was served at the Manchester House and an oration was delivered by Sylvanus Cobb of Boston. This was the only Masonic body in the city till September, 1847, when Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter began its existence. 212 • Manchester. In September, 1853, Trinity Commandry, which had its birth in Hanover and after some years came to its death in Lebanon, found its resurrection in Manchester. These three Masonic bodies continued to hold meetings in the hall in Duncklee's block till April, 1856, when they occu- pied a hall and other rooms in a building on Hanover street, to which this circumstance gave the name of Ma- sonic Temple. The burning in February of that year of the hall occupied by the Odd Fellows gave the Masons an opportunity to offer them the use of their own, a courtesy which was accepted, and which was returned when the great lire of 1870 swept away Masonic Temple. In September, 1856, a new body arose under the name of Adoniram Council, and in January of the next year Washington Lodge began to work under a dispensation. In May, 1863, another body was organized under the title of Winslow Lewis Lodge of Perfection, John D. Patterson being its Thrice Illustrious Grand Commander, but it was found best to surrender its charter and the lodge was con- solidated with Aaron P. Hughes Lodge of Nashua. This lodge was named in honor of Dr. Winslow Lewis of Bos- ton, a very prominent Mason and especially in connection with the " Scottish rites." No event of special prominence occurred in the Masonic history of Manchester till July, 1870, when the Masonic Temple was burned to the ground, little of the property of the order being saved. But an- other soon arose upon the same spot to take its place and in it the Masons now find excellent accommodations. The latest addition to the Masonic orders in the city was made in May, 1873, when Labarum Council of Knights of the Illustrious Order of Knights of the Red Cross of Rome and of Constantino was organized. Members of the fraternity in Manchester formed, April 14, 1874, an organization under the name of the Masonic Relief Association, whose object was to provide for the FiuoK Masons. 213 families of members after the death of tlie latter. It af- fords, practically, a system of life insurance for a small amount, with simple and inexpensive machinery, a person previously designated by a member receiving, upon his death, as many dollars as there are members of the asso- ciation. When the first death occurred, the sum due from the association was provided by the initiation fees which all had paid upon joining, and an assessment of a dollar was at once levied upon each member, thus providing the sum needed when the second death happened. In this way the sum due, when a death occurs, is kept on hand in readiness for immediate payment. It has been said that Lafayette Lodge had its birth in Bedford. The first record of the steps which led to its formation is that of a meeting of several Masons of Bed- ford and vicinity, held at the house of Thomas Rundlett in Bedford, March 4, 1824. Mr. Rundlett, who was after- Avards Master of the Grand Lodge of the state, lived at that time upon the River road, not far from what is now known as the " McGaw place." There were present at that meeting Joseph CuUey, Jonathan Dowse, Samuel Chesman, John Martin, Adam Smith, jr., James Darrah, jr., Thomas Harris, Thomas Rundlett, Otis Batchelder, John GotFe, Adam Gilmore, Jesse Richardson, Mace Moulton, William P. Riddle, Lewis F. Harris, Diocletian Melvin, James Mc- Kean Wilkins, William Wallace, John Langley, Josiah Gordon, John Moore, William McDoel Ferson, and Robert Dunlap. A few of these men were not Master Masons at the time, but had taken, some one and some two degrees in Bible Lodge in Goffstown. There are of these but two now living — Gen. William P. Riddle of Bedford, and John Langley. It was voted at this meeting to annul the doings of all former meetings, whatever they may have been, and Robert Dunlap was chosen the first Master of the proposed lodge ; 214 Manchester. Thomas Ruiidlett, first Senior Warden ; and John Moore, first Junior Warden. At the same time it was voted to accept a petition to the Grand Lodge of the state, prepared by James McK. Wilkins, asking for the establishment of a lodge in Bedford, to be known as Lafayette Lodge, Number Forty-one. The name was adopted in honor of the Mar- quis DeLafayette, who was just then making his last visit to this country. The petition was signed l)y all present, with the exception of Samuel Ciiesman, Adam Smith, jr., Thomas Harris, John Goffe, Adam Gilmore and John Langley, and with the addition of Joseph A. E. Long, James Harvell and Thomas Pollard, jr. The petition, endorsed by Bible Lodge in Goffstown, Be- nevolent Lodge in Milford and Blazing Star Lodge in Con- cord, was presented to the Grand Lodge at its session in June of that year, and a letter of dispensation, bearing date June 9, 1824, was granted, under which a lodge was formed and " opened in the first degree " on the succeed- ing Monday. At that time the election of officers was proceeded with and it was voted to hold succeeding meet- ings in a hall over a store in Piscataquog village, owned by Gen. William P. Riddle, and which stood where the Amos- keag brewery is now situated. On the first day of Septem- ber of the same year the lodge was formally consecrated by the Grand Lodge, its officers installed and its charter re- ceived. A procession was formed which marched from the hall to the meeting-honse on the hill, where a sermon was preached by the Rev. Joseph A. E. Long, who was prol)ably at that time sup])]ying the Presbyterian church there. For four years the lodge prospered, but in 1828, when the war against Masonry arose, this lodge, in common with the rest, felt its effects, no man l)cing initiated into its mys- teries for seventeen years. However, the lodge held its meetings, elected and installed its officers at the regular in- tervals, and preserved its life till its removal to the new Free Masons. 215 town across the river in August, 1845. From tliat time till tlie present its record lias been one of prosperity, and little has occurred to distinguish its life from that of the other Masonic bodies in the city. At a special meeting in De- cember, 1848, Okah Tubbee, otherwise known as William Chubbee, a chief of the Choctaw tribe of Indians residing on the l)orders of Arkansas, took the first three degrees of Masonry under a dispensation for that purpose. The lodge has now about three hundred members. The following have been Masters of the lodge since its formation : 1824-5. Kobert Duulap. 1850. 1826. John Moore. 1851. 1827. Joseph Colley. 1852. 1828. Diocletian Melvin. 1853-4. 1829. Otis Batchelder. 1855, 1830-31. Thomas G.Peckhani. 1856. 1832. Thomas Ruiullett. 1857-8, 1833. Eobert Dunhip. 18.";9. 1834. John Wells. 1860. 1835. Joseph Colley. 1801. l«36-8. William McD. Person. 1862-4. 1839-43. Jonathan Dowse. 1865-6. 1844-5. Robert Dunlap. 1.S67-8. 1846. James MeK. Wilkins. 1809. 1847. Daniel Baleh. 1870-1. 1848. David S. Palmer. 1872-3, 1849. Monroe G. J. Tewks- 1874. James Collins. Thomas Rundlett. John C. i^ford. Albert P. Colby. John r. Duucklee. John B. Fish. Henry T. Mowatt. John B. Fish. Ezra Huntington. John B. Fish. Bufus L, Bartlett. Joseph £. Bennett. Charles F. Warren. William B. Lane. David O. Furnald. Alpheus Gny. Frank T. E. Richard- son. bury. Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, Number Eleven, is the next in order of institution, beginning its existence September 1, 1847, when nine Royal Arch Masons of this city held a preliminary meeting and chose Daniel Balch High Priest, receiving a dispensation November 15, 1847, and being regularly chartered September 7, 1848. The petition for the charter was signed by Charles W. Adams, Daniel C. Gould, Ira Bliss, Daniel Balch, William Shep- herd, James A. Gregg, David S. Palmer, Leonard Dakin, Amnion Piatt and James H. Fowler. It derives its name from allusions in the chapter ceremonies to the Mount 216 " Manchester. Horeb of the Holy Land. It lias now ahout two hundred and twenty members, and the following gives the names of its chief officers, with the title of Most Excellent High Priest, and the dates of their installation : Daniel Balch, September 7, 1848. Theodore T. Abbot, September 28, 1850. Isaac C. Flanders, September 15, 1852. Albert P. Colby, September 15, 1854. George W. Morrison, Septeml)er 28, 1855. Edward \V. Harringtou, September 20, 1856. Zebiua Perry, October 9, 1858. Daniel C. Gould, September 28, 1859. -John 13. Fish, October 3. 1860. Nathaniel W. Cumuer, October 8, 1862. John D. Patterson, October 19, 1864. Asahel A. Balch, Octolter 10, 1866. George H. True, April 8, 1868. Joseph E. Bennett, April 21, 1870. Joseph Kidder, April 2:?, 1872. Alpheus Gay, April 16, 1874. Trinity Commandry of Knights Templars was the first commandry in the state and the year of its first organiza- tion antedates that of Lafayette Lodge, though it was not instituted at Manchester till 18;3'2. The commandries are more intinuitely associated tlian any other of the Masonic orders, in their history and ceremonies, with the Christian religion ; the Crusades, in which the Knights Templars bore so prominent a part, being undertaken to gain pos- session of the sepulchre of the founder of that faith ; and in accordance with this religious idea the commandry in Manchester derives its name. It was first chartered as Tiinity Encampment, March 24, 1824, when the petition- ers were James Freeman Dana, James Poole, Timothy Kenrick, Amos Bugbee, Ammi B. Young, Alpheus Baker, George W. Culver, Henry Hutchinson and George E. Wales. It was first located at Hanover, and, several years later, was removed to Lebanon. There it continued in ex- istence till about ISoiJ, when it sunk in tlie general de|)res- sion of the Masonic interest. At the last meeting of which any record remains, May 30, 1880, Alpheus Baker was Free Masons. 217 elected Commander. Its own records show that Timothy Kenrick, who had been elected Commander in 1827, was re-elected in 1828, but it appears from the meagre records of the Grand Encampment that Amos Bugbee was Trinity's Commander in 1829. Its own records make no mention of any occurrence in 1829, but declare Alpheus Baker elected Commander in 1830. There is no means of knowing who held the office in 1831, but in 1832 Timothy Kenrick was present in the Grand Encampment as the Commander of Trinity, and by the returns made to that body in 1833 Al- pheus Baker was named as commander. It was repre- sented in the Grand Encampment by an inferior officer in 1834, that body holding no meeting the next year, and in 1836 and 1837 certain of its members were chosen officers of the Grand Encampment, and there the record ends. This encampment, together with DeWitt Clinton and Mount Horeb Encampments, then respectively of Ports- mouth and Hopkinton, which had been already organized, formed in 1826 the Grand Encampment of the state. At a meeting of the latter in 1827 it was resolved to desig- nate eacb encampment by numl)ers according to priority of formation, tbe encampment in Hanover thus becoming Trinity Encampment Number One. It retained this title till 1873, when designation by numbers was abolished by the Grand Encampment. In tbe fall of 1851, at a meeting in Manchester of former members of the encampment, the subject of re-organiza- tion was discussed and subsequently a petition was drawn vp and sent to the General Grand Generalissimo of the United States, asking permission to revive the deceased encampment and to hold it in the city of Manchester. The petition was signed by George E. Wales, Jacob Carter, Charles W. Adams, Joshua Blaisdell, Daniel C. Gould, Timothy Kenrick, Calvin Benton, Brackett L. Greenough, Duty Stickney and Elias Frost. It was received, March 22, 14 21S Manchester. 1852, by the officer to whom it was sent, who held that he had no authority to revive a deceased encampment, but he granted the petitioners a dispensation to open and hold an encampment in Manciiester under the name of Trinity En- campment Number One, which they accordingly did, ex- pecting that their original charter would be revived at the next meeting of the General Grand Encampment of the United States. When this body met, however, it issued a new charter under date of September 19, 1853, which Trinity Encampment at first rcfiised to accept, and subse- quently took under protest. In 1856 it assumed the name of Commaudry in conformity with an order of the supreme body, by which all subordinate encampments were thus designated. Four years later, in accordance with the com- mandry's wishes and in conformity with what was then deemed the policy of the order, the Grand Master of the United States declared the original charter revived and restored by an order dated March 23, 1860. Thus, from that time on, the commaudry has been held by virtue of the restored charter, the charter of 1853 being preserved by the commaudry as proof of its right to an existence from 1853 to 1860. It has now about one hundred and eighty members. Its Commanders and the dates of their installation, so far as the records give them, follow : James F. Dana, May 18, 1824. Timothy Kenrick, April 25, 1827. Alpheus Baker, May 3, 1830. Amos Bugbee, Daniel Balch, March 22, 1852. Charles W. Adams, October 16, 1856 Daniel C. Gould, November 12, 1857. Theodore T. Abbot, October 14, 18;-;9. John S. Kidder, November 22, I860. Isaac C. Flanders, November 6, 1862. Edward W. Harrington, November 2, 1864. John D. Patterson, November 28, 1866. John IS. Kidder, November 20, 1868. Daniel F. Straw, Novemb^ r 9, 1869. John N. Bruce, November 22^ 1872. Albert Jackson, November 11, 1873. Free Masons. 219 By the year 1856 the Masons had increased to snch an extent that the institution of a second lodge seemed advis- able, and in accordance with this feeling a petition for a new lodge was presented to the Grand Lodge of the state, signed by John S. Kidder, Isaac C. Flanders, Edward W. Harrington, Samuel 0. Langley, Samuel W. Jones, Eben- ezcr H. Davis, Ciiarles Moore, Caleb Duxbury, Wilbur Gay, William H. Hill, James 8. Cheney, Edson C. George, James S. Cogswell, David B. Kibby, George \V. Morrison, Charles W. Adams, DeLafayette Robinson, Nathaniel W. Cumner, Daniel C. Gould, Andrew W. Thompson, George B. Chan- dler, Samuel H. Ed^-erly, Ira Bliss, Jesse F. Angell, Ira Stone, Samuel B. Kidder and Daniel W. Fling. A dispen- sation was granted for the desired purpose by the Grand Master on the first of January, 1857, and the first meeting of tlie lodge was held on the tenth of the same month, when John S. Kidder was chosen Master. It was granted a charter under the name of Washington Lodge, Number Sixty-one, June 9, 1857, when Mr. Kidder was succeeded as Master by Edward W. Harrington. As the first lodge in the city had been named in honor of the French hero, Lafayette, it was deemed fitting that the second should be called Washington Lodge in honor of Lafayette's friend and companion in arms. It has now about two hundred and seventy-five members. Below are given its Masters and the years of their installation. 1857. John S. Kidder. 180(5. Daniel F. Straw. 1857. Edward W. Harrington. 1867. Clinton W. Stanley. 1S58-9. Samuel G. Langley. 1868. Isaac W. Smith. 1860-1. John S. Kidder. 1869. Joseph Kidder. 1862-3. Nathaniel VV. Cumner. 1870-1. Andrew Bunion. 1864. Charles Bunton. 1872-3. Charles H. Bartlett. 1865. Lewis W. Clark. 1874. Daniel A. Clitford. Adoniram Council Number Three, Royal and Select Mas- ters, which acquires its name from a legendary connection of the order with the Adoniram mentioned in the Old Tes- tament, was granted a dispensation, September 11, 1856, by 220 Manchester. Grand Puissant Alexander Hamilton of Connecticut. It was chartered, September 27, 1857, by the Grand Council of Connecticut, the original charter members being Daniel Balch, Ira Bliss and Moses 0. Pearson. Upon tlie forma- tion of the Grand Council of New Hampshire, a new char- ter was given, under date of June 11, 1862. The number of members is about two hundred. The following, with the title of "Thrice Illustrious Grand Master," have been its highest officers : 1857-61. Daniel Balch. 1867-G9. John Gillis. 18G2-G3. Moses O. Pearson. 187U-71. George H. True. 1864-66. George H. True. 1872-73. John M. Hayes. 1874-75. Henry Lewis. Labarum Council of Knights of the Illustrious Order of Knights of the Red Cross of Rome and of Constantine, Number Ninety-four, was chartered May 14, 1873, and is the only one in the state. There are Grand Councils of the order in New York, Pennsylvania and Illinois, and the number of subordinate councils is slowly increasing in the country at large. The charter members of Labarum Coun- cil are : Joseph W. Fellows, John D. Patterson, Joseph G. Edgerly, Nathaniel W. Cumner, Manchester; John A. Har- ris, Abel Hutcliins, Samuel B. Page, Concord ; William Barrett, Nashua ; Joseph W. Welch, Dover ; Solon A. Car- ter, Keene. Several others have since been added. Its chief officer is Joseph W. Fellows, with the title of Grand Sovereign, who is also deputy in this state for the Grand Imperial Council in London, England, from which body the charter was granted directly. The head of the order is Earl Bective, with the title of Grand Imperial Sovereign, who is a member and ardent supporter of the Masonic fra- ternity. This is a " Christian " order of Knighthood, con- ferred upon Knights Templars, and is founded upon the legend that the Roman emperor Constantine saw in the sky a cross, circumscribed with the words, " In Hoc Signo Odd Fellows. 221 Vinces," on the eve of the battle at Saxa Rubra, in which the emperor was victorious and on which the fate of Chris- tianity for the time being hung. The technical name for the symbol which Constantino saw is "labarum," whence this council derives its name. ODD FELLOWS. The introduction of Odd Fellowship into Manchester oc- curred in 1848 and may not unjustly be ascribed to Isaiah Winch, who kept a store in the Methodist-church block. He had become interested in the order, and, without the knowledge of any one in Manchester, went to Massachusetts and was there initiated into its secrets. The first lodge of Odd Fellows in this state was instituted at Nashua, Septem- ber 11, 1843, and was named Granite Lodge, Number One. After the germ of the order had thus been planted in New Hampshire, Mr. Winch interested himself in the formation of a lodge in Manchester and advocated the plan among his friends with such success that four men — Walter French, Charles Wells, Josiah M. Barnes, Jacob G. Cilley — went to Nashua and became members of the newly created lodge there. Taking cards of clearance from the Nashua lodge and returning to Manchester with only the initiatory de- gree, they received the five degrees at the hands of a Dis- trict Deputy from Boston on the afternoon of Thursday, December 21, 1843, in a hall over the Second Methodist church on Elm street, becoming the charter members of the second lodge instituted in the state, to which was given the title of Hillsborough Lodge Number Two. In the evening the officers were elected and installed as follows : Walter French, Noble Grand ; Charles Wells, Vice Grand ; Isaiah Winch, Secretary; Josialv M. Barnes, Treasurer; Jacob G. Cilley, Warden. Of these but two are now liv- ing — Isaiah Winch, who resided for some time in Meredith 222 Manchester. Village, N. H., but who has since removed to Fernandina, Florida, and Charles Wells, an esteemed physician of this city. Walter French died in ISnS ; Josiah M. Barnes, in 1855 ; and Jacob G. Cilley, in 1870. The same evening a large number of members were initiated, the necessary of- ficers of the lodge were appointed and the organization was completed. The order quickly spread in the city, over a hundred men becoming members of the lodge within a year. An encampment was instituted the next year, and another lodge, in the year succeeding that. The hall in the attic of the Methodist-church block, where the lodge was organ- ized, was fitted up by the members of the order at their own expense, and, being leased by them for a term of years, acquired tbe title of Odd Fellows Hall. It was considered at that time a neat and convenient lodge-room. After a while, however, either because the church objected to leas- ing the hall for such gatherings or because tbe Odd Fel- lows needed better accommodations, or for both reasons, the latter leased of Col. William Patten a hall in the third story of the block he had built on Elm street, just above the city hall, and removed to it about 1847. That then succeeded to the title of Odd Fellows Hall. From that they were driven by the fire of February 5, 1856, which destroyed all their property with trifling ex- ceptions, the records of the secretaries being wholly lost. The Masons, then occupying a hall in Duncklee's block, at once put it at the disposal of the Odd Fellows, who grate- fully accepted it. The two orders occupied it in common till April, when rooms were obtained in a new building on Hanover street and leased by the fraternities jointly for ten years. At tiie expiration of that time both orders had attained such development that it was thought advisable to separate, and the Odd Fellows leased rooms in Martin's block, on the corner of Elm and Lowell streets, occupying Odd Fellows. 223 them till the completion of their own building on Hanover street. In 18G6 a third lodge was organized, and in 1871 a second encampment, and it will not be surprising if a fourth lodge is instituted within a year. The building above referred to is a testimonial to the sub- stantial growth of the fraternity of Odd Fellows, and is the first which was owned by a secret order in the city. The land on which it stands, on the south side of Hanover street, hear the corner of Chestnut, was bought in 1870 by the three lodges, the youngest lodge being obliged to issue bonds to obtain the funds. The building was begun in 1871 and was at first in charge of a committee of one from each lodge — Simeon S. Harden, Seth T. Hill and Nathan P. Hunt. But it was discovered that for the financial suc- cess of the undertaking some otiier system was necessary, and, in accordance with a plan which was adopted by the lodges, a company under the name of the Odd bellows' Building Association was chartered by the legislature at the June session of 1871, and the lodges chose three mem- bers each to act under the charter. These drew lots to de- termine the length of their terms of office, the three mem- bers from each lodge remaining for one. two and three years respectively. By this arrangement three members retire an- nually and three are elected to take their places. This as- sociation issued bonds to the amount of thirty-five thousand dollars, due in five, ten or fifteen years, bearing interest at seven per cent, and guaranteed by a mortgage of the land and buildings by the lodges, which were all taken by the lodges and members of the order. The building, which is three stories high and of brick, was completed in the spring of 1872, costing, with the land, about forty-five thousand dollars. It was dedicated on the twenty-sixth of April, 1872, that being the fifty-third anniversary of the introduc- tion of Odd Fellowship into America. A lodge for the purpose of conferring degrees was insti- 224 Manchester. tuted April 10, 1874, under the name of Union Degree Lodge, Number One, and has about one hundred and twen- ty-five members. Frank L. Rundlett was its Degree Mas- ter till 1875, when Parker W. Ilanaford succeeded him. The Odd Fellows' Relief Association, whose plan is identi- cal with that of the Masonic Relief Association already re- ferred to, was organized in April, 1870, and has about six hundred and forty members. Its benefits were so highly appreciated as to lead to the organization, June 27, 1874, of another association under the name of the Odd Fellows' Mutual Life Insurance Company, which is based upon the same plan, but which includes, besides members of the or- der, their wives and widows. It has about a hundred and twenty members. The three lodges together contain about eight hundred and fifty members, and with the encamp- ments have funds amounting to about twenty-two thousand dollars. Hillsborough Lodge, Number Two, was instituted De- cember 21,1843, its charter members being Walter French, Charles Wells, Isaiah Winch, Jacob G. Cilley and Josiah M. Barnes. It has now about three hundred members and funds amounting to about eight thousand dollars. The " Noble Grands," or highest officers of the lodge, since its formation, are given below. Till 1847 each was in office but three months, but since that time six months has con- stituted a term. The first chief officer — Walter French — served from the twenty-first of December, 1843, till the first of April, 1844. 1844. Walter French, Charles Wells, Isaiah Winch, Isaac C. Plandcrs. 1845. John S. Kidder, John B. Fish, Luther Smith, Daniel J. Hoyt. 1846. Jacob G. Cilley, William M. Parker, Edward McQueston, Lucius B. Packard. 1847. Moses Hill, Jacob F. James. 11^48. Henry T. Mowatt, Warren L. Lane. 1849. Flagg T. Underhill, Jonathan Horn. 1850. Henry Kimball, Nicholas G. York. 4t 0-:/^d crcJ^ Odd Fellows. 225 1851. Svlvanus Bunton, Justus Fisher. 1852. Joseph Kidder, Mosi^s AV. Oliver. 1853. Lutiier II. Brown, Benjamin M. Tillotson. , 1854. John Ilosley, Samu(d B. Kidder. 1855. Walter Neal, James D. Wells. 1856. John II. Rand, Joel Taylor. 1857. Alpha Currier, Henry A. Ga■ Executive Committee. 238 • Manchester. sequent meeting the name of Amoskeag Veterans was as- sumed. The first officers elected are given below: William P. Eiddlo, Colonel. William Patten, First Lieutenant. Samuel Andrews, Second Lieutenant. Hii'am Brown, First Major, E. T. Stevens, Second Major. Samuel W. Parsons, First Sergeant, Jacob G. Cilley, Second Sergeant. S. M, Dow, Third Sergeant/ Keuben 1>. Mooers, Fourth Sergeant. Jfimes Wallace, First Corporal. Phinehas Adams. Second Corporal, E. G. Guilford, Third Corporal. Thomas Eundlett, Fourth Corporal. .John S. Elliot, Surgeon. William W. Brown, Surgeon's Mate. Benjamin M. Tillotson, Chaplain. James Hersey, Treasurer. Frederick G. Stark, Daniel C, Gould, John S. Kidder, George Porter, Theodore T, Abbot, Their first parade and ball occurred February 22, 1855, and the celebration of Washington's birthday has sinc(? been continued as an annual custom. At one o'clock in the afternoon of that day they marched to the Manchester House and escorted the Hon, Nathaniel B, Baker, then governor of the state, and other invited guests, to the city hall and were reviewed by the governor. At four o'clock an oration was delivered by the Hon. C, E, Potter of Man- chester, followed by addresses by Governor Baker and the mayor of the city, the Hon. Frederick Smyth, In the even- ing a banquet was served in Patten's hall, and the evening's exercises were concluded with dancing in the city hall. The organization was continued in this form till August 4, 1855, when an act of incorporation which had been granted by the legislature in June was accepted by the company, and the latter was then established as a corporate body. It still kept in view the objects which were aimed at in its formation, defined by the constitution to be raili- Military Organizations. 239 tarj parades, the protection of life and property, the pres- ervation of the peace and social enjoyments. Their first armory was in the Museum building, from which they re- moved to Granite block in 1869 ; they took possession of their present quarters in Towne's block in 1871. The as- sociation includes the most prominent and influential men in Manchester, and at first its members were nearly all from this city, but there are now in its ranks prominent citizens of Concord, Hooksctt, Derry, Nashua, Keene, Portsmouth, Franklin, Bedford, Suncook, Enfield, Claremont and other places. It has had over four hundred members and there are now about one hundred active members enrolled. The commanders of the company since its organization are given below, with the date of their election : Gen. William P. Riddle, November ti5, 1854. Col. Chandler E. Potter, October 3, 1855. Col. Theodore T. Abbot, October 21, 1857. Col. Thomas Hundlett, October 19, 1860. Col. Henry T. Mowatt, October 22, 1862. Col. Chandler E. Potter, October 19, 1864. Col. David Cross, October 31, 1866. Gen. Natt Head, November 18, 1868. Col. Martin V. B. Edgerly, February 22, 1873. Col. George C. Gilmore, March 25, 1875, In June, 1855, the Veterans made their first excursion, visiting at that time Boston, Bunker Hill and Lowell. In December of the same year they made the most extens- ive journey of all during their existence as a company. They left Manchester on the thirteenth for an excursion to Washington and Mount Vernon. On their way they were cordially received and hospitably treated by the military or- ganizations and official representatives of the cities of New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore, banquets being given in their honor at each of these places. At Washington they were the recipients of marked courtesy and were the espe- cial guests of the President of the United States — Gen. Franklin Pierce — a New Hampshire citizen. They did not 240 Manchester. reacli home till the twenty-second, after an al)sence of nine days. They visited Nevvburyport, Mass., in 18(t6 ; Hartford, Conn., Springfield and Worcester, Mass., in 1867 ; New York, as the gnests of the famous Ninth Regiment, under command of Col. James Fisk, in 1870 : and in 187S visited Providence, R. I., and participated in a parade and union festival with the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston, the Newburyport Veteran Artillery Association, the Putnam Phalanx of Hartford, the First Light Infantry and the Light Infantry Veteran Association of Providence. Five companies of the First Rjgiment New Hampshire Volunteer Militia belong in Manchester, together with the colonel, William H. Maxwell ; the adjutant, B. L. Harts- horn ; and the quartermaster, Nathan P. Kidder. The companies have not far from fifty members each. The Head Guards, Company C, were organized July 25, 1865, were named for Gen. Natt Head of Hooksett, and have {\n armory in Lafayette hall. Their captain is Charles H. Reed. The Straw Rifles, Company E, John J. Dillon, cap- tain, were organized March 17, 1873, were named in honor of Ex-Gov. E. A. Straw of this city, and have an armory in Merchants' Exchange. The Haines Rifles, Company F, were organized as the Clai-k Guards January 1, 1808, and subsequently assumed their present name in honor of Gen. John M. Haines of Chichester, then Adjutant-General of the state. Their armory is in Granite block and their cap- tain is Jonas 8. Everett. The Sheridan Guards, Company G, were organized in August, 1865, and named in honor of Lieutenant-General Philip Sheridan of the regular army. Their armoiy is in Brown's block, and their captain is Patrick Cullity. Tlie Manchester Veterans, Company I, were organized March 5, 1870, and James M. House is their captain. They have about fifty men and their arm- ory is in Grand Army hall. Section B, First Light Bat- MfLiTARY Organizations. 241 tciy, was organized July 10, 18(57, lias thirty-five mem- bers and two field-jiici'cs, and its armory is situated on Manchester street. Samuel S. Piper is the lieutenant in command. The IJigii School Cadets, a company consist- ing for the most part of jtujiils of the high school, was or- ganized June 9, 1878, and Frank 11. Challis is captain. The organization called the Grand Army of the Repub- lic, which arose just after the War of the Rebellion, is rep- resented in Manchester by Louis Bell Post, Number Three. January 20, 18G8, the following petitioners for a charter as a "Post" of the Grand Army were enrolled as members by the authorized officers: William R. Patten, Francis W. Parker, Samuel F. Murry, George H. Hubbard, William W. Brown, Charles M. Whitney, Alfred G. Simons, Hilas D. Davis, Edwin P. Richardson and Timothy W. Challis. Large numbers of the soldiers of the late War of the Re- bellion soon joined, a constitution and by-laws were af- terwards adopted and a hall in Brown's block rented in common with the Manchester Veterans, but subsequently they removed to their present armory in Weeks's block. March 3, 1860, articles of incorporation were adopted and recorded according to the legal form. December 29, 1809, the association formally assumed the name of Louis Bell Post ill honor of Brevet Brigadier-General Louis Bell of Farmington, who was killed by the rebels at Fort Fisher, Va., January 15, 1805, while colonel of the Fourth New Hampshire Regiment and commanding a brigade of the Army of the Potomac. The association was formed for social and for charitable purposes and has kept both ends in view duiing its exist- ence. By the help of several fairs, which the citizens of Manchester have been glad to assist in making successful, funds for the relief of needy comrades have been supplied, and have been freely bestowed when necessary. Of late the cultivation of social feeling anion":; the members has 242 Manchester. been promoted by a series of gatherings under the name of " camp-fires," at which the veterans delight to " fight their battles o'er again." This post is the largest in the state, and the members of no organization are united by stronger bonds of friendship and sympathy than those which not only keep Louis Bell Post from dissolution but seem to make it firmer year by year. Under the auspices of this post " Decoration Day," the thirtieth of May, is annually observed in this city with becoming ceremonies. The commanders of the post and the date of their elec- tion follow : William R. Patten, Januarv 20, 1868. Reuben Dodsjje, June 26, 1868. Timothy W.'Challis, December 30, 1868. James M. House, June 30, 1869. Reuben Dodge, December 29, 1869. William H. Vickery, December 28, 1870. Charles B. Bradley, December 29, 1871. Silas R. A^^allace, December 17, 1872. George H. Dodge, December 30, 1873. Samuel S. Piper, December 29, 1874. MANCHESTER ART ASSOCIATION. This society was formed in September, 1871, by a few ladies and gentlemen who were interested in art for its own sake or because they gained a livelihood by it, and its origin as well as its subsequent prosperity is due in great measure to Henry W. Herrick, an artist of this city and the president of the association. The primary idea in its formation was to furnish facilities for mutual study and in- struction in reference to art matters. It grew to such an extent that during its second year it was established in rooms in the county court-liouse which had been fitted for its uses. As it was able, it added to its possessions casts, models and books, which were either contributed by citi- zens or were bought from the proceeds of exhibitions, sev- eral of which have been successfully held. Miscellaneous Societies. 243 It now rests upon a permanent basis, articles of incorpo- ration having been adopted October 13, 1874. Its library, whose contents have in most cases been chosen with refer- ence to the various trades in which the study of art is of use and which therefore are of a practical educational character, now numbers about a hundred and fifty volumes. The rooms contain a number of charts and diagrams and fifty plaster casts, most of which are the best examples of the antique. It has a present membership of over two hundred and twenty-five persons, some of whom are profes- sional and others amateur artists, others engaged in the dif- ferent trades and who find the association heli)ful, and oth- ers still who are led to become members solely by aesthetic tastes. Its funds depend upon the annual assessments and upon the proceeds of exhibitions. It has, naturally, as it grew, reached out into a wider field and done much to cul- tivate a general taste for art, as well as to instruct and as- sist its members. OTHER SOCIETIES. The rest of the societies include associations for various purposes and among them several which are branches of orders which have but recently come into existence. Granite State Council, Number One, of the United Order of American Mechanics, was chartered March 24, 1873, with the following charter members : Timothy W. Challis, Silas C. Clatur, Levi L. Aldrich, Wesley E. Holt, Nathaniel Southard, B. L. Robinson, B. L. Hartshorn, Emery E. Cobb, James Russell, Joseph L. Stevens, George H. Dodge, Silas R. Wallace, William Dickerman, William H. Yickery, Sam- uel Clark, A. G. Simons. It was organized for mutual ben- efit to its members, of whom there are now about fifty, and Silas C. Clatur is its chief officer or Councillor. Amoskeag Grange, Number Three, Patrons of Husbandry, 244 Manchester. was organized in Mirror hall August 23, 1873, as a branch of an order then taking root all over the country and formed especially in the interests of agriculturists. Its charter members are: John B. Clarke, Daniel Farmer, Joseph Gate, Isaac Huse, Jeremiah L. Fogg, John B. Huse, John Hosley, Thomas W. Lane, Mrs. E. C. McQueston, Mrs. H. P. Huse, Mrs. Thomas VV. Lane, Miss Emma A. Wilder, Miss Mary E. Smith, Miss Jennie E. Runels, all of Manchester, and Edward C. Shirley of Goffstown. It exists for social and pecuniary benefit and has now about eighty members — res- idents of this city, Bedford, Goffstown and Candia. John B. Clarke has been its Master and John Hosley its sec- retary since its organization. There are now over fifty granges in the state and the State Grange was organized in this city December 23, 1873, at the Grand Army hall. Onward Council, Number Three, Sovereigns of Industry, was formed January 2o, 1874, being a branch of a national order which spread among mechanics and artisans very much as the Patrons of Husbandry, a little before, had spread among the farmers. Its charter members were : John J. Dillon, Henry French, Alonzo Durgin, Charles M. Wise, George W. Thayer, Joseph L. Stevens, Bradley B. Aldrich, George R. Simmons, Thomas C Cheney, B. F. Garland, L. L. Sweatt, Rufus Wilkinson, Charles H. G. Foss, E. L. Carpenter, Atherton W. Quint. It has grown very rapidly, having now over three hundred members, and Charles H. G. Poss is its president. There are now four- teen councils in the state, and the State Council was formed in this city December 22, 1874. The Irishmen of the city have two societies. St. Pat- rick's Mutual Benefit and Protective Association was or- ganized March 30, 1868, and its president is C. A. O'Con- nor. Lodge Number One, Ancient Order of Hibernians, was organized in 1871, has about a hundred members and James Moran is its president. Lodge Number Two was Miscellaneous Societies. 245 formed in March, 1864, with Daniel F. PTealey as its presi- dent, and grew up to a menibcrsliip of sixty persons, but is not now in existence. There are three societies among the Germans. Granite State Lodge, Number One Hundred and Twelve, Independ- ent Order of Red Men, was formed in 1868 and has now al)()ut lifty members. Charles Uhlig is its First Chief. Barbarossa Lodge, Number Three Hundred and Twenty- nine, of the order of Harugari, was organized February o, 1874, and has about forty members. Hermann Rittner is the chief officer. The Turnverein, a society wliose mem- bers combine social pleasures and physical exercise, was organized in 1870 and incorporated by the Legislature in 1872. It has about seventy members and owns a hall and grounds in Piscataquog village. The St. Jean Baptiste Society is the only association among the French residents. It was organized in April, 1871, has nearly two hundred members, and its president is E. L. Gauvreau. Musical societies are few. Tiie Manchester Choral Union is the most important. It was organized in its present form, mainly through the exertions of E. T. Baldwin, in the spring of 1869, to take part in the '' Peace Jubilee " at Boston in the summer of that year. Since then its lor- tunes and membership have varied, but it is now prosper- ous. It has about a hundred members, and Daniel C. Gould is its president. There are two among the Germans — the Concordia, with eighteen meml)ers, whose director is Martin Netzsch, and the Orpheus, with ten members, whose director is Frederick Scheer. The Manchester Gymnasium was organized August 11, 1874, to afford its members opportunity for athletic exer- cise. It has now about fifty members and Frank T. E. Richardson is its president. It has rooms in Wells' ^block which are supplied with gymnastic apparatus, and it is in a flourishing condition. 246 Manchester. The Forrest Dramatic Association was formed in Janu- ary, 1874, by several persons in tlie city who are interested in amateur theatricals. It includes some good actors, and has given several exhibitions. Its president is George F. Crosl)y. The Manchester Printers' Literary Association, was formed February 4, 1875, by young men employed in the different printing-offices in the city, for literary and social enjoyment. It has about twenty members and its president is Charles F. Coffin. A number of prominent men of the city organized, Decem- ber 24, 1874, the Manchester Social Union, a club " for so- cial improvement, amusement and recreation without vice." It has about a hundred and forty members and its rooms arc in Merchants' Exchange. Its officers are: president, Daniel Clark ; vice-president, John S. Kidder ; secretary, Nathan P. Hunt; treasurer, Daniel W. Lane; executive committee, Charles H. Bartlett, George W. Dodge, Charles E. Balch. Early in February, 1875, about twenty boys of the High school formed an organization under the name of the High School Debating Clul), to hold meetings weekly for literary exercises. Frank H. Challis is its president. FORMER ASSOCIATIONS. Among associations of various kinds in this city whose day is past the " Manchester District Medical Society," which was organized in June, 1841, and was in existence as late as 1845, is the only society of physicians of which record has been preserved. The " Manchester Mesmeric Institute " was formed in April, 1848, for the advancement of the principles of mesmerism, with the following offi- cers : president, Edward P. Offutt ; vice-president, Ben- jamin Kinsley ; secretary, Frederick Smyth ; treasurer. Miscellaneous Societies. 247 George Marstoii. It probably had a brief existence. The " Manchester Academy " was an association which was or- ganized, with David A. Bunton as president, for educational purposes. Under its auspices a school was opened, Juno 12, 18-lo, in a building on the corner of Elm and Lowell streets, and placed in charge of A. M. Pay son. Subsequent principals were John G. Sherburne and Franklin Webster. It was afterwards kept in Harmony hall, farther down Elm street, and was probably discontinued about 184(3. This was a few years before Rodney Kendall had opened his '' select school " in the old chapel on Central street. He afterwards kept it in a building on the corner of Elm and Hanover streets and in other places, continuing it till about 1860.x In 1844 there was a stir among the w^orking-men of the country, and in many towns and cities they formed " mu- tual benefit associations" to protect themselves against real or fancied injustice on the part of their employers. One of these was organized in this city, September 7, 1844, by a number of mechanics and laborers, who met at that time at the old Freewill Baptist chapel whicli was then still situ- ated on Concord street. They chose Alonzo Smith presi- dent, Ebenezer Cross vice-president, J. C. vStowell record- ing secretary, J. M. Barnes corresponding secretary, and William H. Wiggin treasurer. Tbese societies subsided with the feeling which had called them into existence. The " Manchester Lyceum " was an association of prom- inent men of the city which was organized to support a course of lectures by speakers from abroad, usually having twelve or fifteen during the winter in the city hall. Single tickets were then sold for ninepence. The association ex- isted the greater part of the time between 1850 and 1860. About 1856 another association was formed to provide lec- tures upon slavery. The number of lectures and the price of tickets corresponded with those the Manchester Lyceum 248 Manchester. adopted. It had only a brief existence. The " Manches- ter Musical Education Society " was organized in Decem- ber, 1849, had rehearsals in Patten's hall and lived for five or six years. There was an " Antiquarian Sacred Musical Society" in existence in 1858. The " Excelsior Literary Association," a society of clerks, printers, students, etc., was organized February 4, 1858, and held meetings in a hall in Smyth's block, leasing it and fit- ting it for use and giving it the name of "• Excelsior hall." A few years previously the " Manchester Literary Associa- tion " had been formed, and the two held public debates in the city hall. The war terminated the existence of both. The former came to an end in the sj)ring of 1861 and in the fall another association of the ^ame name was formed which survived a year or two longer. About 1856 there were organized several companies for the purpose of loan- ing money to meml)ers upon security, three which existed at that time being termed the " Citizens' Loan Fund Asso- ciation," the " Manchester Loan and Fund Association," and the " Meclianics' Perpetual Loan Fund Association." Three or four years later another was formed under the name of the " New Perpetual Loan Fund Association," which was in existence as late as 1866. The rest closed their books several years before. A musical society called the '"Manchester Cliorus and Glee Club " was formed in November, 1873, with William C. Gage as its president, but it lasted only through that winter. oMrn^e. POST-OFFICES, BANKS AND IN- SURANCE COMPANIES. J HE post-office, in contrast with the banks and insur- t^^^l ance companies which have had existence in Man- ^'> r^ Chester, was not an institution called forth by the sudden prosperity which was caused by the building of the mills forty years ago, although there was none in Manches- ter till 1881, while the villages of Anioskeag and Piscata- quog had long since been in possession of them. There are now three : one in the city proper, one at Amoskeag vil- lage and one at Goffc's Falls. The banks, again, in dis- tinction from the insurance companies, have flourished un- interruptedly since their organization, and there are now four national banks and five savings banks, while the in- surance companies have generally been formed only to perish, there being but one now in existence and that of recent origin. POST-OFFICES. On the completion in 1831 of the Mammoth road — the old stage route from Lowell to Concord, passing through what was then the most thickly settled part of Manches- ter — a post-office was established at the Centre, and Sam- uel Jackson, the father of Albert and Samuel P. Jackson of this city, was appointed postmaster by the president, Andrew Jackson. Daily, as the stage came by from the north or south, the contents of the mail-bag were exam- 16 250 Manchester. ined and the letters for the office were taken out and those to be mailed were forwarded. When the Anioskeag Manufacturing Company began to lay the foundation of the present city along the river-bank in 1838 and 1889, it was found to be inconvenient for the people, then fast settling, to go to the Centre for their mail, and consequently in February, 1840, a new office was es- tablished in Duncklee's block, now occupied by John M. Chandler & Company and Ira Moore, in the part used by Mr. Moore, and Jesse Duncklee was appointed postmaster by Martin Van Buren. The name of the office at the Cen- tre was changed to that of Manchester Centre office, but soon afterwards, at the suggestion of the postmaster, Mr. Jackson, it was deemed inexpedient to keep two offices in operation and thus compel individuals to search both to find their letters, so Mr. Jackson resigned and the office at the Centre was discontinued several months after the new one had been located in what was then known as " Amoskeag new village." Mr. Duncklee had been in fee- ble health and died in March, 1840, without ever having been able to attend personally to the duties of his office. The vacancy thus caused was filled by the appointment of Paul Cragin, jr., who also received his commission from Van Buren, and who took charge of the office April 23, 1840. Upon the completion of the town hall in 1841 the post-office was removed to that building. When it was burned in 1844, the office was removed to Mr. Cragin's house on Hanover street, the second house east of the First Congregational church, the present residence of Dr. Charles Wells. It remained there but a few weeks and was then kept in a " ten-footer" on Hanover street owned by George A. Barnes, near its present location. Upon the rebuilding in 1845 of the town hall, the present city hall, the office was once more established in it, in the southwest corner. Post Offices. 251 In 1845 Warreu L. Lane, appointed by James K. Polk, succeeded Mr. CraSKKA(; MANUFACTlimNd CoMt'ANY. 281 Behind the latter is number four mill, which was built in 184G and enlarged in 1872. The original building was seven stories high, two hundred and sixty feet in length by sixty in width, lii the fall of 1872 an extension was built in the rear, one; hundred feet long and sixty leet wide In the rear, also, are two jjicker-houses, three stories high, fifty-six feet in length by thirty-seven in width. The mill contains seven hundred and thirty-two looms, three hun- dred and twejity cards and twenty-five thousand spindles, and produces about Ufty-live thou^^and ))ounds a week of drillings, denims and tickings. It gives employment to three hundred and fifty females and one hundred and twenty-!ive males, and its machinery is driven by four tur- bine wheels, with an aggregate of one thousand horse- powers. Number five mill is just north of tiie one last mentioned. It is two hundred and rifty-eight leet long by sixty wide, and has a picker-house, sixty-two feet in length by forty- tour in width, in the rear. It contains five hundred and seventy-six looms, one hundred and seventy-six cards, fif- teen thousand throstle spindles and twelve thousand mule- spindles. Here are woven twenty thousand pounds a week of sheetings from thirty-six to one hundred inches in width. The mill employs eighty males and two hundred and fifty females, and its machinery is driven by two turbine wheels, which have an aggregate of five hundred horse-powers. The building at the north of number five mill, occupied as a dye-house and gingham mill, consists of a centre-piece and two wings. The south wing is the dye-house, and is two hundred and three feet long, sixty-seven feet wide, and three stories high. In it are employed seventy-five males and seventy-five females. It has a capacity for dyeing sixty thousand pounds of yarn a week, and all the colored yarn used in the mills is dyed here. The middle part is one hundred and twenty feet long, sixty-seven feet wide, three 18 282 Manchester. stories high, and is occupied by dressing machinery for ginghams. The north wing is of the same length and breadth as tiic dye-house, but four stories high. It lias seven hundred and fifty looms which make one hundred thousand yards of gingham a week. The operatives who are employed in the centre and the north wing number four hundred females and one hundred and twenty males. A new mill was built in 1874, just at the nortli of these buildings and parallel with them. It is two hundred and sixty feet long, sixty-eight feet wide, four stories high, and wall contain twelve hundred looms for weaving ginghams. The bleachery and napping-housc, for bleaching and nap- ping flannels, are in a small building, one hundred and ten feet in length and thirty-six in width, in the rear of the old gingham-mill and near the river. The}^ employ from fifteen to twenty operatives. There is also a drying-house of two stories in height, sixty feet long and thirty-six wide. A bridge, four hundred feet in length and sixteen in width, has been thrown across the Merrimack, just here, to the Company's land on the west side, where its coal-sheds are located, to which a branch track runs from the North Weare railway below Granite street. Near the coal-sheds is a store-house for cotton with a capacity of from fifteen thou- sand to twenty thousand bales, equal to a year's stock. The machinery is all driven by water, but for heating and other purposes there are fourteen upright boilers, of one hundred and fifty horse-powers each, located in four boiler-houses. All the buildings are furnished with fire- escapes and hydrants with hose attached into which water from the Company's reservoir on the hill may be let at any moment. The basements of the mills are provided with supply-pumps for furnishing water. The total number of operatives in the mills is twenty- five hundred, of whom eighteen hundred are females. Seventy-five men are engaged in taking care of the yard. Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. 283 The corporcatioiis all employ night-watchmen to patrol their grounds. Tlic Aiuoskcag Company has nine mills, con- taining one hundred and twenty five thousand spindles and thirty-five hundred looms, making six hundred thousand yards a week of diirercnt goods, of which three hundred and fifty thousand yards are colored. There are fourteen water-wheels, seven on each level, which liavo an aggregate of thirty-five hundred horse-powers. The mills use two hundred and twenty-five thousand pounds of cotton a week. They consume annually si.x: thousand tons of coal, a thou- sand cords of wood, two hundred and fifty tons of starch, twelve thousand gallons of oil, three hundred thousand dol- lars' worth of dyestutfs. The colored goods consist of tick- ings, denims, fancy shirtings and ginghams ; the white goods, of drillings, flannels, sheetings and bags. During the late war the mills made enormous quantities of army goods. The pay-roll is about eighty thousand dollars a month. There are spun in the mills every year one hundred and thirty million skeins of yarn, each eight hundred and forty yards long, which make a total length of sixty million miles, enough to go around tlie world twenty-four hundred times. Woven into a belt of cloth twenty inches wide, like ordinary ticking, they would just about put a girdle about the earth. The daily production of cloth is one hundred thousand yards, nearly fifty-seven miles, or two and a quar- ter yards each second of working time, one yard for every second in the year. The machine-shops, though their products have done as much of late years as the cotton goods to spread the rep- utation of the Amoskeag Company, are rather low, unre- markable buildings, a complete contrast to the tall mills, and are situated ou the right as one enters the yard, on the the lower level and in the rear of the Stark mills. There are two machine-shops, distinctively such, though the other buildings in their vicinity are connected with their depart- 284 Manchester. • ment. One is three hundred and eighty-one feet long and thirty-six wide ; the other, three hundred and twenty feet long by forty wide : both three stories in height. The for- mer was built in 1840, when tlie building of new mills called for maciiinery. The second was l)uilt in 1848, to accommodate an increasing business. A foundry was built in 1842 and a new one in 1848. The present foundry is one hundred and fifty-four feet in length by eighty in breadth. There is also a building on the edge of the lower canal, five hundred and fifty feet long and thirty feet wide, used for miscellaneous purposes ; and a row of sheds, two hun- dred feet in length and thirty in width. At the southern end of the "lower shop" the first part of the lower story is the "setting-up" room, where the steam- ers are put together. Beyond is a room where castings are cleaned and which contains the heavy tools and lathes, among the latter being one which swings twenty-four feet and is said to be the largest lathe in New England. In the second story looms are made, and in the third machinery is put together. Beyond this building is one which was used during the late war as a gun-barrel rolling-mill, but which is now a paint-shop and drying-house. Next is the " pickling-room," where the castings are dipped in acid to clean them from the sand which adheres to them when they come from the foundry. In the latter, which is the next building and forms the northern end of this row, are made such castings as the company does not buy. The lower floor of the " upper shop" is used as a place in which to make frames and cylinders for steam fire engines, and one end is occupied as a repair-shop. The next story is used as a belt-shop, wood-shop and tin-shop, and in it are made gears and rolls. In the third story is a wood-room, and screws, cotton-machinery and steamer-work are also made in it. In the attic tools are ground and polished and cotton-machinery put together. Beyond is the blacksmith- Amoskeag Manufacturing Company. 285 shop, where the deafening trip-hammers are at work, and, still farther beyond, a stone building in which the process of softening iron is carried on. At the southern end of the eastern row of buildings are several store-rooms, which were used as coiuiting-rooms for the Machine-Shop and the Land and Water-Power Com- pany, when those departments had individual existence. Next is a spindle-room, and then successively, a boiler-shop, a store-house, and a pattern-house in which arc locked up the patterns for machinery and which completes the row. The shops were originally built to make machinery for the mills, but gradually the business was enlarged, and there were made, besides, locomotive and stationary engines, boil- ers, heavy tools, turbine wheels, etc. The first locomotive was built for the Northern railw^ay in 1849, and sixty were turned out yearly, some hundreds having been made before their manufacture was given up. During the late war the shops made forty thousand stands of arms for the United States government, and some turret-work for the "monitors" was manufactured here. The shops still make what new machinery the Amoskeag Company needs and repair the old, but their main business is the manufacture of steam fire engines, which was begun in 1859. There are annually turned out fifty steamers be- sides hose-carriages. Five hundred have already been built and the quality is improved each year. The catalogue in- cludes first-class and second-class engines, engines with double and single pumps, and " self-propellers," so called, whose steam takes the place of horses as a motive power. The hose-carriages are made to be drawn by horses or men, are made single or double, with two wheels or with four. Of the steamers, the United States government has bought thirty-three ; New York city, forty-five ; Boston, twenty ; Brooklyn, nineteen ; New Orleans, eighteen ; Pittsburgh, fourteen ; San Francisco, thirteen ; Philadelphia, twelve ; 286 Manchester. Detroit, nine ; Albany, eight ; Cambridge, five ; Manches- ter, four. They are scattered all over the United States from Maine to Oregon, and are found generally at the na- tional soldiers' asylums, navy-yards and arsenals. There are ninety-nine owned in New York State, ninety-one in Massachusetts, sixty-three in Pennsylvania, twenty-seven in New Jersey, twenty-two in California, nineteen in Maine, eighteen in Louisiana, eighteen in Illinois, seventeen in New Hampshire and twelve in Connecticut, these ten States own- ing nearly four-fifths of all which have been made. But they represent Manchester's industry i'ar beyond the limits of this country, twenty-two having been sent to foreign lands. There are a large number in the Canadas, New Brunswick and Nova Scotia ; there are two in London, Eng- land, named in honor of Queen Victoria and the Princess Alexandra ; and one in Amoor (Russia). Shanghai (China), Sydney (New South Wales), Lima (Peru), and Copiapo (Chili). The machine-shops employ four hundred and fifty men and have a monthly pay-roll of twenty thousand dollars. They consume annually five hundred tons of coal, four hundred cords of v/ood, six hundred gallons of oil, one hundred and fifty thousand feet of lumber, twelve hundred tons of cast iron, wrought iron and steel, fifty thousand pounds of wrought brass and brass castings. The Company occupies a carpenter-shop in Mechanics' Row, which gives employment to a dozen men wdio make large beams and columns for the mills and put in mill- wheels. In a neat brick building, at the upper end of the Row, are located the pumps which raise the water of the Merrimack to the Company's reservoir in the square bounded by Blodget, Harrison, Oak and Russell streets, and from which it flows to the corporation to be used in the tenements and to be available in case of fire. The pumps are double and of the kind termed " bucket and plunger," The Stark Mills. 287 with a tliirty-threc inch stroke up and down, make thirty strokes a minute and are driven l)y a wheel of sixty horse- powers. They deliver forty-five thousand gallons of water an hour, or over one million gallons in twenty-four hours, into the reservoir. The latter is four hundred feet long, one hundred and fifty wide and eighteen deep, has a capac- ity of eleven million gallons and is one hundred and ten feet above tlie level of Elm street at the city hall. The square in which it is located contains about six acres and a half. The Amoskeag Company supplies the other corpo- rations with water from it at the price of one-tenth of one per cent, upon their capital stock. A ledge upon the "Com- pany's hill," so called, in the eastern part of the city, be- longs to the Amoskeag corporation and supplies all the stone used in the mills, employing fifty quarrymen and a large number of laborers. The Amoskeag Company thus has a total force of nearly four thousand employees and a total pay-roll averaging nearly one hundred and fifty thousand dollars a month, and consumes yearly over eight thousand tons of coal, twenty- five thousand bales of cotton, fourteen hundred cords of wood and sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand cu- bic feet of gas. The Company pays taxes in Manchester, Bedford, Merrimack, Hooksett, Pembroke, Bow, Concord, Goshen and Washington, this state, and in Newark, Vt. Its tax for 1874 was about sixty-three thousand dollars. In addition, the Company owns and operates what was formerly known as the Namaske Mills, having bought the property in February, 1875. THE STARK MILLS. This corporation was chartered in 1838, and began opera- tions the next year. Its first officers were chosen Septem- ber 26, 1888, Nathan Appleton being the first president, con- 28S Manchester. tinning such till June 20, 1871, und being then succeeded by Israel Whitney, who remained till October 2, 1872. Charles xVmory then took his place, and he was succeeded, October 9, 1873, by T. JelTerson Coolidge. Nathan Appleton, George W. Lyman, Willard Sayles, Francis C. Lowell, William Appleton, William Amory and Samuel Ilcnshaw were chosen in 18o8 as the first directors. William Amory was succeeded the next year by David Sears, but was re-elected in 1841 in place of Mr. Lowell. The latter was elected the next year to succeed Mr. Henshaw and was himself suceeded in 1846 by Joseph Tilden. In 1848 Franklin H. Story was elected to fill the vacancy caus- ed by the resignation of Mr. Sayles, and in 1854 Mr. Til- den was succeeded by Samuel Frothingham. In 1857 Mr. Sears resigned, but it was not till the next year that his place was filled, William Amory and Samuel Frothingham then resigning and the three vacancies being filled by the election of Israel Whitney, J. Ingersoll Bowditch and John C. Lee. In 1861 Nathan Ajjplcton, and in 1862 William Appleton, resigned, and thereafter there were but i\\e directors. In 1871 Messrs. Lyman and Story were suc- ceeded by Gardner Brewer and Charles Amory. In 1872 T. Jefferson Coolidge was elected to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. Whitney. In 1873 J. Lewis Stack- pole was chosen to succeed Mr. Lee. Upon Mr. Brewer's death in 1874 Lewis Downing was elected to fill the vacancy. The first treasurer was William Amory, who was elected October 24, 1839, and was succeeded, January 1, 1848, by Charles Amory, but was re-elected June 29, 1852, and is the present treasurer. George W. Kimball was clerk of the proprietors from September 26, 1838, to June 29, 1840, being then succeeded by John A. Burnham, who had been agent since September 26, 1838. He was succeeded as clerk and agent, November 6, 1847, by Phinehas Adams. George W. Tilden was i)ayma8ter from February, 1839, to The Stark Mills. 289 August, 1852, wlicu he was succeeded by William B. Web- ster, who remained till 1864, when the present paymaster, Daniel C. Gould, jr., was appointed. The first selling agents were J. W. Paige & Company, who were followed in 1864 by Gardner Brewer & Company. The original capital was live hundred thousand dollars, which was increased in January, 1845, to seven hundred and fifty thousand ; in June, 1846, to one million ; in June, 1847, to the present sum, one million two hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The par value of the shares is one thousand dollars each. They were worth six or seven hundred dollars apiece when Mr. Adams was chosen agent, rose to fourteen or fifteen hundred dollars during the war and are now quoted at eleven hundred. The Stark Mills own fourteen acres of land, one third of which is occupied by the mill-yard, situated just above the Araoskeag yard and lying wholly on the upper canal with a front of ten hundred and twenty-two feet from Stark to Bridge streets. The rest of the land is in four pieces and part of it is occupied by overseers' and boarding-house blocks and the agent's house. One piece is bounded by Mechanic street on the north, Elm back street on the east. Stark street on the south and Canal street on the west. The square just above, included between Elm back street, Water, Canal and Spring streets, is owned by the Amos- keag Company, excepting a section bounded on the east by Elm back street and running westerly one hundred and fifty feet on Spring and Water streets, which belongs to the Stark Mills. The latter own also a piece bounded on the north by Bridge street, on the east by Elm back street pro- duced, on the south by Spring street and on the west by Canal street, except the lot on which the North grammar- school house stands. Six acres of this, whose northern, southern and eastern boundaries are Bridge and Charles streets and Elm back street produced, are unoccupied. 290 Manchester. The mills own still another lot, one hundred and twenty- five feet long and one hundred feet wide, on the corner of Vine and Concord streets, which is occupied by tenement- houses. The first house which was used as the agent's was built for Mr. Burnham, the first agent, on the north- east corner of Pine and Hanover streets, and was occupied by him and his successor, Mr. Adams. This was exchanged with the Amoskeag Company for the house on Water street which they had built as a residence for the agent of the machine-shop. Mr. Adams occupied this till he moved to a house of his own, and it is now rented. Number one and number two mills, the first cotton-mills in operation on this side of the Merrimack river in this city, were built, one in 1838 and the other in 1839, and are exact counterparts of each other. They are situated on the western side of the yard at its lower end and their wheels are driven by water from the upper canal. They are both one hundred and fifty feet long by fifty wide, with a picker-house at the north, one hundred and twelve feet in length and one at the south, thirty feet in length. They are united by an addition erected in 1844, eighty feet long and fifty eight wide, thus becoming one building, five hundred and twenty feet long including the picker-houses, and six stories high. It has twenty-two thousand spin- dles and six hundred and sixty looms, which are driven by one large and four smaller turbine wheels, with an ag- gregate of eleven hundred horse-powers. There are em- ployed in it fou;' hundred females and a hundred males, and its daily production is twenty-six thousand five hundred yards of cotton goods. Number three mill, built in 1846, stands upon the west- ern side of the yard at its upper end. It is, including a picker-house at each end, three hundred and eighty feet long, sixty feet wide and seven stories high. Its machinery, driven by one large and three smaller turbine wheels, which The Stark Mills. 291 have a total of nine hundred horse-powers and are fed by water from the upper canal, includes twenty-two thousand spindles and six hundred and sixty looms. It emjjloys one hundred males and four hundred females, and makes daily twenty-six thousand five hundred yards of sheetings, shirt- ings and drillings, thus being, in respect to machinery, op- eratives and product, similar to the combination of the first two mills. A building where linen goods are bleached is situated in the northwest corner of the yard. It is seventy-five feet long, forty feet wide, three stories high, and it has a capac- ity for bleaching seven tliousand yards a day. Back of the northern picker-house of the lower mill is a building, forty- five feet in length, thirty-five in width and three stories in height, the lower story of which is used for drying yarns and the two upper for card-rooms. Just at the north of this is a building, sixty-eight feet long, twenty feet wide and two stories high, one-half of which, up and down, is used for bleaching yarns, and the other half for sizing. The continuous line of buildings, three stories in height, which fronts on Canal street, is begun at the southern end by the linen-mill, one hundred and seventy feet long and thirty feet wide. It has fifteen Innidred spindles and one hundred looms, driven by power from number one mill, employs fifty operatives, nearly all females, and makes six thousand yards of crash and towelings a day. The next division is seventy-eight feet long, and is occupied, in the lower story as a shearing-room, in the second as a belt- room, and in the third as a card-room. Next comes the counting-room, thirty feet long and ten feet wider than the rest of the line, with a store-house over it. The cloth- room is next in order and occupies all three stories for one hundred and eight feet. The repair-shoj)S extend north- ward from this point one humhed and ninety feet and are divided into a waste-house, store-room for iron, ))aint-shop, 292 |i1a.nchester, blacksmith-shop, wood-shop, and repair-shop for iron and steel work. The rest of the building, four hundred and forty-six feet in length, is occupied by five store-houses for cotton and linen. There are two boiler-houses, which sup- ply heat for the mills and for some mechanical processes. The mills have forty-four thousand cotton-spindles and thirteen hundred and twenty cotton-looms, fifteen hundred linen-spindles and one hundred linen-looms. They employ nine hundred and fifty females and two hundred and fifty males, with a pay-roll of forty tliousand dollars a month. The corporation leases of the Amoskeag Company twenty mill-powers. The mills are provided with the necessary ap- paratus for extinguishing fires and the hydrants are sup- plied with water from the Amoskeag Company's reservoir. Tlic mills consume no coal, but use yearly thirty-six hundred cords of wood, sixty tons of starch, six thousand gallons of oil, three hundred tons of flax, fifteen thousand bales of cotton and one million seven hundred and fifty thousand cubic feet of gas. The mills make crash and towelnigs in linen goods, sheetings, drillings, cotton duck and bags in cotton goods. At first only sheetings and drillings were made, but, after the fire of I80O which destroyed the ujjper story of number two mill, this was fitted with looms for the manufacture of bags, invented and patented by Cyrus W. Baldwin. There were at first ten looms which made four hundred bags a day. When the late war produced a scarcity of cotton, it was resolved to make bags from linen instead, and Mr. Adams was sent to Europe in 1863 by the corporation to get an idea of the linen-machinery used abroad. He had machinery built in England at a cost of forty thousand dol- lars and brought it across the ocean, and the making of linen bags was then begun. After the war, when cotton was cheaper, it took the place of linen in the bags, and the linen-looms have since been used for the manufacture of The Manchester Mills. 293 crash and towclings. The bags are known as tlie " seam- less bags," being woven in one piece, and have acquired an excellent reputation. They are made of all sizes, from a capacity of three pints to that of four bushels, and are used for holding specie, ore, grain and bread, and for sugar- straining. The mills make goods which measure from one yard to four yards and a half per pound. Their yarns are coarser and their goods heavier to the yard than any others made in the city, and they use more cotton in proportion than any otiier mills here. Their sheetings are from thirty- six to sixty-one inches wide, drillings from thirty to fifty-one inches, cotton duck from twenty-eight to fifty-six inches. They make from twenty-four hundred to ten thousand bags a day ; eighteen million yards of all kinds of goods a year or sixty thousand yards a day, fifty-four thousand of cotton goods and six thousand of linen goods. THE MANCHESTER MILLS. The Amoskeag Company had early begun in their mill at Hooksett, which had some six or eight thousand spindles, the manufacture of delaines, a business then unknown in this country. The fabric was made without trouble, but the manufacturers had neither sufficient knowledge nor machinery to compete successfully with others in printing the cloth after it was made, and it was sold from the loom to a firm in Taunton, Mass., who printed it on their own account. But it was determined to go into the busi- ness on a larger scale, and in 1839 the Manchester Mills, composed for the most part of stockholders in the corpora- tions already in existence, was incorporated with a capital of a million dollars. Mr. Straw was sent to Europe in 1844 to acquire a knowledge of the structures and machinery used there for printing delaines, and brought back from the manufactories into which he gained access on one pretext 294 Manchester. and another a knowledge which was made use of in the erection of the works of this company, whose first mill was built in 1845 and wliich got under way the next year. In 1847 this corporation sold its property to one which had been chartered the previous year, with a capital of fif- teen hundred thousand dollars, under tlie name of the Merrimack Mills. In July, 1849, its name was changed to that of the Manchester Print-Works, and in 1852 its capital was increased to eighteen hundred thousand dol- lars. Its average dividends during its existence were nine per cent, and during the late war it paid five semi-annual dividends in succession of ten per cent, each, but its ])ros- perity subsequently declined. In 1873 it was autliorized by the legislature to reduce its capital to five hundred and forty thousand dollars, and its property was sold at auction, March 26, 1874, the old stockholders having the privilege of subscribing for stock in a new corporation in proj^rtiou to the amount they held in the old. The property was bought by a corporation, chartered in 187-> under the name of the Manchester Print-Works and Mills, with a capital of two million dollars. Its name was changed in 1874 to that of the Manchester Mills. David Sears was president of the first corporation till July, 184(5, and was then succeeded by Oliver Dean, who continued in office till October, 1871, when William Mixter was chosen in his stead and remained president of the Manchester Print-Works corporation which has not quite gone out of existence. The first directors of the Merrimack Mills weie Jabez C. Howe, Oliver Dean, Nathan Appleton, George Howe and William Amory. In 1848 David Sears succeeded Oliver Dean. The next year the corporation assumed the name of the Manchester Print-Works. In 1855 Samuel R. Payson was added. In 1857 in place of David Sears and Jabez C. Howe, Sidney Homer and James Ellison were The Manchester Mills. 295 elected. In 1858 Sidney Homer was succeeded by David Scars, jr. In 1802 Samuel W. Swett was elected in place of Nathan Appleton. In 1807 Charles AV. Frecland was chosen to succeed James Ellison. In l^^OO Samuel W. Swett and George Howe gave place to T. Jefferson Cool- idge and Samuel Johnson. In 1871 Nathan Parker and David 13. Jevvctt were elected in place of William Amory and David Scars, jr. In 1878 C. W. Frecland, S. R. Fay- son, Samuel Johnson and D. B. Jewett were succeeded by Walter Hastings, A. E. Hildreth, Caleb W. Loring and Samuel Fay, and in 1874 Samuel R. Payson, Caleb W. Loring, T. Jeffisrson Coolidge, Nathan Parker, Joseph C. Hovey and Gill)ert R. Payson were chosen directors. The first treasurer was Isaac Livermorc, who remained till 1852, when he was succeeded by Charles Amory, who remained till 1871, when William H. Thompson took his place. Upon the latter's retirement i:i 1873, Charles H. Dalton was elected and is the present treasurer of the Manchester Print- Works. George B. Upton was clerk of the proprietors till 1840, when he was succeeded by F. A. Hussey, who remained such till 1849, when Oliver Macy took his place. The latter was succeeded in 1859 by Jo- siah S. Shannon, the present clerk of the Manchester Print- Work s. The manufacturing and the printing departments have sometimes been under the direct management of one man, sometimes under the management of separate agents responsible only to the directors, and sometimes there has been a manager of the printing department subordinate to the agent of the whole. The first agent of the manufac- turing department was George B. Upton, who remained till November, 1845, and was succeeded by William P. Newell, who left March 1, 1853, when his place was taken by Wa- terman Smith. The latter continued agent till June, 1871, and was then succeeded by A, M. Wade, who remained 296 Manchester. only till December. Then H M. Thompson took his place, remaining till February, 1874, when Joseph Stone succeed- ed him. Tlie first superintendent of the printing de|)art- ment was James Peacock, who remained till 1848, when William P. Newell, the agent of the mills, assumed tlic whole control, and kej)t it till his withdrawal from the agency. In December, 18o2, John P. Lord took charge of the printery and remained its manager a year, when Charles H. Dalton succeeded him. The latter hekl the control till 1864, though Samuel Webtier became manager under him in 1858 and remained till Mr. Dalton's departure, when John M. Ordway was made superintendent. He continued till 1866, when the whole establishment passed into the management of Waterman Smith, agent of the mills. Archibald M. Graiiam came in May, i860, and was man- ager under Mr. Ordway and Mr. Smith till about 1869, James Dean was appointed superintendent and took the entire control of the printery in 1870, and since then there has been no change. The lirst paymaster at tlie mills was F. A. Hussey, who was succeeded in 1848 by Oliver Macy. He remained till 1854, when Josiah S. Shannon took his place and has continued to occupy it. John P. Lord was l)aymaster at the print-works till 1851, when Andrew N. Baker succeeded him and has remained paj'master since. The Manchester Print-Works and Mills, which had been chartered in 1873 and had bought the property of the Manchester Print-Works in 1874, was organized May 13, 1874, by the choice of Lyman Nichols as president; Lyman Nichols, Samuel Fay, William H. Hill, Moody Cur- rier, Benjamin P. Cheney, Samuel R. Payson and William 0. Grover as directors; Asa Fowler as clerk. These were re-elected at the annual meeting in October. At the June session of 1874 the legislature allowed the corporation to assume the name of the Manchester Mills. It has a capi- tal of two million dollars in shares of one hundred dollars Thfo Manchester Mills. 297 eacli. The treasurer for a few months was Charles PI. Dal- ton, who was succeeded by John C. Palfrey. The agent of the manutacturing de|)artnient is Jose[)h Stone; the super- intendent of the planting department, James Dean. The selling agents arc White, Payson Sr Company, Boston and New York. The paymaster at the mills is Josiah S. Shan- non ; at the print-works, Andrew N. Baker. The Manchester Mills own about forty-three acres of land in all. An acre and three-quarters, which takes up the space (except a lot on the south side of Merrimack street which belongs to the Amoskeag Company) bounded on the north by Merrimack street, on the east by Franklin street, on the south by Pleasant street and on the west by Canal street, is occui)ied by boarding-house and overseers' blocks. A house, also, which was built for the agent of the mills, stands on the corner of Pleasant and Franklin streets. It has been occupied by Messrs. Newell, Smith and Thomp- son, and now is tenanted by Mr. Dean, the superintendent of the print works. Five acres, bounded on the north by the waste-way through which the water flows from the upper into the lower canal, on the east by Bedford street, on the south by Granite street and on the west by State street, are occu- pied by overseers' and boarding-house blocks. There are foui' acres in Piscataquog village which are occupied in the same way, including two lots on Granite street on which dvvelling-houses stand, one of which has been used as a residence for tlie superintendent of the print-works. Mr. Peacock, the first superintendent, lived in the house now occupied by William Whittle, on the corner of Granite and Main streets. There are eight acres of unoccupied land in Piscataquog which l)eIong to the Manchester Mills. The mill-yard contains a little over thirteen acres, included be- tween the Amoskeag Company's yard and Granite street and extending eleven hundred feet on the lower canal and 298 Manchester. thirteen hundred and ten feet on the river. There are ten acres on the south of Granite street, c.Ktending eight hun- dred and thirty feet on the canal and seven hundred and eighty-five on the river, to the yard of the Namaske Mills. The Manchester Mills lease forty mill-powers of the Am- oskeag Company. They have hydrants and fire-escapes connected with the buildings, and also a steam fire-engine with an organized company. They use tlie water of the canal for general purposes, and their tenements are sup- plied from the city's reservoir. The corpoi'ation is divided into two distinct and yet connected departments, for manu- facturing and for printing. The former occupies all of the mill-yard but three and two-fifths acres. Number one mill is situated at the upj)cr end of tlie yard and was built in 1845. It is four hundred and thirty -seven feet long, sixty feet wide and six stories high. The south- ern half was burned in 1855 and re-built. At its u})per end is a wheel-house, thirty-five feet long and thirty wide ; in its rear a boiler-house, containing six boilers with an aggregate of four hundred horse-powers ; and back of the lower end is a three-story picker-house, fifty-two feet wide and sixty feet long. The mill contains forty-five thousand spindles and eleven hundred looms, which are driven by two turbine wheels, each with a diameter of eight feet and of five hundred horse-powers. There are cniplo3cd in the mill one hundred and twenty-five males and two hundred and seventy-five females, and its weekly production is two hundred thousand yards of print-cloths. Just south of this is number two mill, built in 1850, three hundred and twenty-four feet long, sixty feet wide and six and a half stories high. In the rear, at its northern end, is a picker-house, forty-eight feet in length by twenty- seven in width, four stories high. There is, also, behind the mill, a boiler-house, fifty feet long and forty-six feet wide, whose upper story is used for wool-drying and which Till'; Manchester Mills. 299 contains six Itoilers of four Imudrcd liorsc-powcrs. The mill has a thousand looms, ten thousand worsted-spindles and twenty thousand cotton-spindles, driven hy a turl)ine wheel with a diameter of eight feet and of five hundred horse-powers. The mill employs one hundred and sixty- five males and seven hundred females and makes two hun- dred thousand yards of worsted goods a week. Number three mill is situated in the northwest corner of the yard uj)on the river-bank. It is five hundred and eighty-seven feet long, forty-two feet wide for one half of the way and thirty-six feet wide for the other half. It is three stories high and is used for storage. At the lower end, between this mill and number one mill, is a waste- house and wool-picker, one hundred and twelve feet long, fifty feet wide and one story high for the most part. Number four mill is a part of the canal building now devoted to other purposes, and number five mill is the west wing of the printery, not to be used in future for manufac- turing. Number six mill is situated on the i-iver a little below number three mill. It is one hundred and fifty-three feet long, sixty feet wide on an average, and five stories high. The lower story is used by the printing department as a place in which to cleanse worsted goods. It contains six hundred of the looms mentioned as in number two mill, they being operated in connection with each other. There is a boiler-house east of it, eighty feet in length and thirty in width, three stories high the greater part of the way, wiiich contains a Corliss nest boiler of three hundred and twenty-five horse-powers. Between the boiler-house and the picker-house of num- ber two mill are a store-room for oils and paints, thirty feet long, fifteen feet wide and one story high, and a store-room and room for washing wools, one hundred and thirty feet long, forty-six feet wide and one story high. Between number three and number six mills is an irrejiular one- 300 Manchester. story building, of an average length of one hundred and forty feet and an average width of forty-three, used as a dye-house for cottons and wools. In front of this is a one- story building, two hundred and twenty-seven feet long and seventy-two feet wide, used as a dye-house, where the "fancy-colored" goods are dyed. On the south side of Granite street and east of the canal is a store-house, one hundred and sixty feet long and one hundred and ninety- two feet wide, which for a width of one hundred and ten feet is occupied by the manufacturing department for storage. The canal building is eleven hundred and twenty-seven feet long and thirty wide, being occupied for eight hundred and fifty-five feet of its length by the offices, store-rooms, cloth- rooms, harness-rooms and repair-shops of the manufactur- ing department. There are four mills in operation, which have ten thou- sand worsted-spindles and sixty-five thousand cotton-spin- dles and twenty-one hundred looms, driven by three water- wheels witli an aggregate of fifteen hundred horse-powers. They give employment to four hundred and seventy-five males and ten hundred and twenty-five females, make four hundred thousand yards a week, or seventy thousand yards a day, of print-cloths and worsted dress-goods, and have a pay-roll of forty-five thousand dollars. There are con- sumed annually in the mills three million pounds of cot- ton, two million pounds of wool, three thousand tons of Goal, forty tons of starch, ten thousand gallons of oil and seven million cubic feet of gas. The printing department occupies three and two-fifths acres of the mill-yard and some of its buildings stand on the land south of Granite street. The first printery was built in 1845, but was burned in 1853, when another took its place. The present printery is composed of a centre and east and west wings. The centre is one hundred and fifty-nine feet long by sixty-five feet wide, three stories in The Manchester Mills. 301 height, fire-proof, with iron beams and masonry floors. The first floor is a large printing-room in which the fifteen printing-machines are located. The second floor is used for finishing and packing prints and the third floor for steaming. The east wing is two hundred and twenty-eight feet in length by fifty-three in width and four stories in height. In a part of the first story is located a turbine wheel and the remaining space is used for storage. In the second story is the engraving-room and rooms for pressing and packing worsted goods. The third and fourth stories are used for " aging " prints or keeping them till the colors become " fast." The west wing is two hundred and eiffhty feet in length, one hundred and six feet wide at the northern end, sixty-six feet wide at the southern end, and three stories high. In the first story prints are washed and dried ; the second is a cloth-room ; and the third is used for aging prints. The color-shop, in which are made the colors for print- ing, is a one-story building next to Granite street, one hun- dred and thirty-five feet in length, forty-two feet wide at the east end and sixty-four feet wide at the west end. The madder dye-house, where print-cloths are dyed, is on the river-bank just north of the west wing of the printery. It is a one-story building, one hundred and thirty-nine feet long, eighty-eight feet wide for about one-half of the way and sixty feet wide for the rest. The bleachery, for bleach- ing print-cloths, is one hundred feet long, eighty-nine feet wide and one story high. The fancy dyeing-house, where worsted goods are dyed, is ninety-two feet long, fifty-four feet wide and one story high. The boiler-house is an iron- roofed, one-story building, one hundred and twenty feet in length by fifty-four feet in width. It contains twenty-two tubular boilers and three upright Corliss boilers. Two hundred and seventy-five feet in length of the canal build- ing at its lower end are occupied by offices, repair-shops and 302 Manchester. store-rooms for the print-works. On the soutli side of Granite street are the laboratory buildings in which are made the chemicals for use in the various departments of the works. The print-works occupy eighty-two feet in width of the store-house on the south side of Granite street and east of tlie canal. The i)rinting department employs six hundred operatives and has a monthly pay-roll of twenty-five thousand dollars. It prints seven hundred and twenty thousand yards of print-cloth a week and dyes two hundred thousand yards of worsted goods. About one-third of the cloth is made in the mills ; the rest is bought outside. It consumes an- nually ten thousand tons of coal, twelve hundred cords of wood and three million cubic feet of gas, and uses ten thousand dollars' worth of drugs a week. THE LANGDON MILLS. A company by the name of the Langdon Mills was in- corporated in 1846 and again in 1853, but the last charter was granted June 27, 1857, in which Daniel Clark, John S. Kidder, Jacob G. Cilley and Adam Chandler were named as grantees, and the capital stock was fixed at two hundred thousand dollars. It was not, however, till 1860 that the corporation was organized, and the first meeting was held in April of that year, when Charles L. Richardson was chosen proprietors' clerk. At the next meeting Gardner Brewer was chosen president ; Gardner Brewer, William Amory, John R. Brewer, Henry B. Rogers and John A. Burnham, directors ; William Amory, jr., treasurer ; William L. Kil- ley, clerk. Mr. Killey was appointed agent, and his son, William E. Killey, paymaster. The latter was succeeded in April, 1866, by another son, Walter S. Killey, the pres- ent paymaster. The selling agents are Gardner Brewer , and was continued through seventeen numbers. A. L. Tremblay & Company were its proprietors and editors. The Labor Journal was started March 24, 1870, by I'an- iel S. Holt, now of Washington N. H., professedly in the interests of the laboring classes. It was suspended after thirteen numbers. The Public Forum was a weekly paper which was started September 30, 1871, as a Democratic journal Ijy George J. Foster & Company, Joshua L. Foster being its editor. After the publication of thirteen numbers it was removed to Dover, its name changed to that of Foster's Democrat and a new volume begun. It is still published there. The New Hampshire Journal of Music was begun Janu- ary 1, 1872, by Imri S. Whitney, and is published monthly. Joim W. Moore was its editor till the close of 1874. The Saturday Night Dispatch was begun Saturday, Jan- uary 24, 1874, by Merritt S. Hunt, who had been connected with papers in Pittsburgh and Titusville, Pa., and has been published weekly since. James 0. Adams was associated with Mr. Hunt as editor and proprietor from September 1 to December 1, 1874, since when the paper has been owned and edited by Hunt & Everett, Henry H. Everett being the junior partner. The New Hampshire Sunday Globe was issued for the first time Sunday morning, February 7, 1875, by Rollins & Kingdon (Ai Rollins, S. S. Kingdon) and has been pub- lished weekly since. It is the only Sunday paper in the state. MANCHESTER IN THE REBEL- LION, "^hM'^ HE War of the Rebellion is so fresh in the minds of '"'l^^^i the people of to day that they do not need to be V^F reminded that it was begun by the attack on Fort Sumter April 12, 1861. Abraham Lincoln, then Presi- dent of the United States, issued on the fifteenth of that month a call for seventy-five thousand volunteers to enlist for three months, and on the next day Jchabod Goodwin, then governor of the state, issued a proclamation to Joseph C. Abbott, the adjutant-general, ordering him to enlist from the enrolled militia one regiment of volunteers to fill the quota of the state, which was seven hundred and eighty men. The news of the bombardment of Sumter was an- nounced in Manchester early in the morning of the thir- teenth and intense excitement was at once aroused. When the call for troops came, John L. Kelly was among the first to offer his services as a recruiting officer and he was appointed and assigned to Manchester and vicinity and opened an office in the city hall April 18. It was at once thronged with men anxious to enlist, and, as fast as the papers could be made out, they were enrolled. In the meantime the Manchester Mechanics' Phalanx, the Abbott Guard and the Union Guards all local mili- itary organizations, held enthusiastic meetings and voted to tender their services to the government. The " military exempts," or men too old to be required by law for mili- tary duty, also held several meetings and pledged their 340 Manchester. t aid, and the young men of the city organized for drill and held tlierasclves ready for future calls. The physicians offered their services free to the families of all who would enlist, the banks volunteered loans to the state and many employers gave furloughs to those who left Iheni for the field, promising to care for their families while they were gone and to give them work when they returned. In fact, words convey but a faint idea of the feeling which ])re- vailed. The volunteer was the hero of the hour and noth- ing was too much to do for him. The papers were full of presentations to the departing trocjps and the women joined in furnishing them wuth all the comforts they could carry. After the first battles had occurred and the need of aid for the wounded had thus arisen, the w^omen of tlie city asso- ciated to send supplies and continued this work all through the war. Fifty -six men were enlisted by Captain Kelly the first day and in seven days the roll contained the names of one hundred and thirty-one recruits. His men went to Con- cord April 27 and joined the First regiment, which was en- camped there. April 22 the Abbott Guard, seventy-seven men, were enlisted in a body by the Hon. Frederick Smyth, who had been appointed a recruiting officer, and two days later they went to Concord and were afterwards mustered into the Second regiment. April 25 the Mechanics' Pha- lanx was enlisted by Capt. John N. Bruce and went into camp at Portsmouth May 7. Before they left Manchester the members were presented with revolvers by Mayor D. A. Bunton, in accordance with a vote of the city govern- ment. Thus, in seven days after the first recruiting office was opened in this city, Manchester had four companies ready for the field, Capt. Kelly's men having been divided into two companies. The first public meeting had already been held, April 17, by the military exempts. Speeches were made by Re- Manchester in the Rebellion.' 341 tyre Mitchell, who presided, Dustiii Marshall, Isaac Riddle, the Hon. Theodore T. Abbot, Justin Spear and the Hon. llirain Brown. The next day the young men iield a large and enthusiastic meeting at which Thomas V. Pierce, then postmaster, presided. At this meeting George C. Gilmore, Edwin P. Richardson, Stephen G. Clarke, the Hon. Edward W. Harrington, Thomas Baxter, R. N. Batchelder, Andrew C. Wallace and James M. Varney were appointed a com- mittee to form military companies to be ready in case of need. The women of the city had been from the first active in providing the volunteers with articles which were not fur- nished by the government, and nearly every regiment went into camp carrying with them substantia] tokens of the interest the citizens had in their welfare. April 29 the ladies of the several religious societies held a union levee for the benefit of the volunteers. Samuel Webber pre- sided and patriotic speeches were made by the Hon. Daniel Clark, the Hon. George W. Morrison and others. It was voted at this meeting to request the President to continue in office Thomas P. Pierce, tlie postmaster of the city, who at the first call for troops had offered his services to the governor of Massachusetts and had joined tiie Fourth reg- iment of that state, of which he was lieutenant-colonel. The first official action of the city government respect- ing the war was taken April 17, when a resolution was passed which instructed the mayor to cause flags to be put upon the city hall and on the liberty-pole on Merrimack square, " to be kept there until they were recognized as the national emblem all over the country." May 21 the " re- lief committee " of the city government voted a dollar and a half a week to the wife of each volunteer and a dollar a week to each child. Baldwin's Cornet Band went into camj) as the band of the First regiment May 15. Its members were supplied 342 Manchester. with money to buy revolvers and blankets by the city gov- ernment. The Rifle Rangers, a company enlisted by James W. Carr, went into camp at Portsmouth May 27. August 2 the mayor called a meeting of all persons who were in favor of sustaining the government and putting down the rebellion, and a large assembly answered the summons. Speeches were made by the Hon. Walter Har- riman, the Hon. William C. Clarke, Simeon D. Farnsworth, the Hon. Frederick Smyth, the Hon, Samuel Upton, Mi- chael T. Donohoe and others, and resolutions were adopted which pledged Manchester's last man and last dollar to the cause. The First regiment, composed of three months' men, re- turned from the field August 5, and five days later its mem- bers who belonged in this city were given a grand welcome home. August 8, the Irish volunteers recruited by Capt. Dono- hoe went into camp at Concord as a part of the Third regiment ; August lo, the second company of the Abbott Guard, enlisted by Capt. Rufus F. Clark, left this city to form a part of tlie same regiment ; and .August 20, the Am- oskeag Rifles, under Capt. Robert C. Dow, also went to Concord to join the Third. The Fourth regiment went into camp on the trotting- park at the upper end of Elm street, naming their camp '' Cam}) Sullivan." The Stark Guards, under Capt. J. R. Bagley, went first to Concord, but, as the Third regiment was already full, they were recalled to Manchester August 27 and joined the Fourth at Camp Sullivan. The regi- ment started for the field September 27. Its band was composed for the most part of Manchester men and its leader was Walter Dignam. It had been announced by the middle of August that a battery would be accepted and one was recruited by Capt. Samuel Wei)ber, then manager at the Print-Works, Lieu- Manchester in the Rebellion. 343 tenant Frederick M. Edgell and Lieutenant Edwin H. Hobbs. It contained one hundred and fifty-four men, mostly from this city, who were mustered in September 26, under Capt. George A. Gerrish. They left for the seat of war October 29, marching to Nashua and there taking the cars. Tiie Seventh regiment was raised by Gen. Joseph C. Abbott, was encamped at Camp Hale upon the trotting- park and left for the war January 14, 1862. The Eighth regiment, under Col. Hawkes Fearing, jr., was mustered in December 23, 1861, and encamped on the trotting- park, naming its camp " Camp Currier" in honor of the Hon. Moody Currier of Manchester, then a member of Gov. Berry's council. The Eighth went from here to Fort Inde- pendence in Boston Harbor January 25, 1862, sailing from there in two detachments Feljruary 16. A company of cavalry was raised in Manchester in the fall of 1861 by Dr. David B. Nelson. In June, 1862, during an adjustment of the sums due from the state to the different cities and towns for aid fur- nished to the families of volunteers, it was ascertained that up to that time Manchester had furnished for the war over seventeen hundred men or more than one-fifth of all who had gone from the state. The recruiting offices were now closed and their furni- ture sold, but in July, 1862, an imperative call for more men re-oi)ened them and the city contributed some men to the Ninth regiment, then already in process of formation. They were mustered in at Concord and left that city for the field August 25, 1862. The efforts of the citizens under the new call were, how ever, mainly directed towards filling the Tenth or Irish regiment, which was considered peculiarly a Manchester regiment. A mass meeting in its aid was held on the evening of July 11 at Smyth's Hall, when eloquent ad- 344 Manchester. dresses were made by Joseph Kidder, who presided, the Hon. George W. Morrison, the Hon. David Cross, the Hon. William C. Clarke, Col. Bradbury P. Cilley, Col. John B. Clarke, Michael Lyons, Licut-Col. John Coughlin and Major Jesse F. Angell. The city government passed a resolution July 18, offering a bounty of fifty dollars to each volunteer and the city furnished the greater part of six companies for the Tenth. Its camp was on the trotting- park and was called " Camp Pillsbury " in honor of the Hon. Oliver Pillsbury of Concord, a member of Gov. Ber- ry's council. The regiment was mustered in September 5 and left for the field September 22. It was put under command of Col. Michael T. Donohoe, then a captain in the Third regiment which was stationed in South Carolina. An immense fair wliich continued three days was held May 14, 15 and 16, 1863, in aid of the Sanitary Commis- sion, wliich was employed in the relief of the soldiers at the front, and a little over four thousand dollars was raised. The quota of Manchester under the call of August 4, 1862, for three hundred thousand men was four hundred and twenty. One hundred and fifty beyond its previous quota were already in the field and thus only two hundred and seventy were left to be raised. In this state of affairs the wards formed organizations and raised funds to procure substitutes, prominent citizens who were exempt from duty hired men to fill the quota and at length the city govern- ment voted, October 4, 1863, to pay every man who was drafted three hundred, dollars which he might use to pro- cure a substitute or retain as a bounty if he was willing to enlist. So that when the draft took place, October 6, 1863, very few of the drafted went to the field. March 29, 1864, the city offered a bounty of one hun- dred and fifty dollars to all veterans who re-enlisted, and many then in the field re-entered the service when their terms expired. The Manchester National Guards, under yK^^/n^Oyn^ x/a^-^^Zyh^^ Manchester in the Rebellion. 345 Capt. James 0. Cliaudler, were mustered into service May 9, 1864, for a period of sixty days and ordered to service at Fort Constitution in Portsmouth harbor. They were mustered out July 27. The Martin Guards, under Capt. George C. Houghton, were mustered into service July lio, 1864, for ninety days and sent to Fort Constitution. When their term of service expired, they re-enlisted and became the tenth company of the First regiment of heavy artillery. In August, 1864, a company of heavy artillery was raised here by Capt. James 0. Chandler. Manchester was also represented in all the military organizations which formed part of New Hampshire's quota, with the exception of the Thirteenth and Seventeenth regiments. Among the inevitable results of the war was great suffer- ing among the sick and wounded near the front, and in the last years of the struggle the states established hospitals of their own and brought to them the sick and wounded who I>elonged to their regiments. In accordance with this plan one was established in Manchester in the fall of 1864. It was called the Webster United States General Hospital, and Dr. Alexander T. Watson of New York was the surgeon in charge. Among his' assistants were Dr. Richard J. P. Goodwin and the late Dr. William W. Brown, both of Manchester, and Dr. William A. Webster, formerly of this city. Mrs. Eliza P. Stone and Mrs. M. Jennie Buncher, both of this city, were appointed to have charge of the cooking and diet, receiving commissions from the United States October 25, 1864, and taking up their resi- dence at the hospital. They were assisted by the late Mrs. Hannah G. Moore, of this city, Miss Elizabeth J. Dudley, now of Jamaica Plain, Mass., Miss Mary J. Knowles, now of Nashua. Hospital buildings were built upon the trotting- park, some of which still remain, which would accommodate six hunded patients and they were generally full. The Hon. Alpheus Gay, now mayor of the city, and John C. Young 09 346 Manchester. built them on contract for thirtj-nine thousand five hundred dollars. They were opened for the reception of patients November 16, 1864, and closed in September, 1865. During that time there were about fifteen hundred patients in all, of whom thirteen died at tlie hospital. Religious services were held there Sundays and it was frequently visited by the citizens, who took a great deal of interest in it. The war came to an end in 1865 and the regiments grad- ually came back from the field. The Tenth, Twelfth and Thirteenth were received together June 27 at Manchester. They were escorted in procession through the streets and a collation was furnished them in a grove in the rear of the city hall. Speeches of congratulation were made by Col. Thomas J. Whipple, the Hon. Daniel Clark, Gen. Michael T. Donohoe, Gen. Aaron F. Stevens and others. The Fourth did not come home till August 30, when it met a most enthusiastic reception at Smyth's hall, being wel- comed in behalf of the city by the Hon. Frederick Smyth, then governor of the state, the Hon. Daniel Clark and others. After the war there was a commission appointed by the state to compile a roll of all the men who enlisted in New Hampshire and to credit them to the cities and towns which could prove that they enlisted as part of their quota. The list which follows, derived from that source and from others, gives the names of all who could be proved to have enlisted from Manchester, and of a few others taken from the original muster-rolls. It is followed by a list of those who were field, staff or line officers when they were muster- ed out. The Manchester Soldiers. 347 The Manchester Soldiers. FIRST REGIMENT. Richard N. Batchekler, Quartcnuasler ; Francis II, Pike, Fife- Major. COMPANY C. John L. Kelly, Martin V. B. Richardson, Charles O. Jennison, Michael OTIynn. William Mayiie, Robert Loyd, Patrick Bohan, Charles J. Andrews, Charles H. Allen, James W. Atherton, Abraham Brown, Frank Jiurr, Jerome Blaisdell, William H. II. Black, Henry Bonrrell, Charles A. Cressey, Haskell P. Coffin, Francis Cahill, Charles Conner, Thomas F. Cary, Francis II. Con- ner, John \V. Chirk, George 11. Champlin, Auijustus B. Caswell, Charles H. Demerrett, Edward O. Dodsje, John M. Evans, Page Gould, John (rardner, Jolm Goft*, Daniel Gile, Marshall Tlutchins, Frank B. Hackett, William W. Haselton, Joseph Haselton, Sum- ner A. Hodgkins, Dennis Hynes, Daniel Kidder, Frank L. Ken- dall, John L. Lear, William Major, Charles Mace, jr., Alden E. Metcalf, Charles H. ^lorrison, Frederick G, Manning, Michael Marden. William F. Ordway, Samuel W. Pierc'e, Robert Richards, Albert E. Rogers, George F. Rennett, James Rooney, George W. Ringlar, David W. Rollins, Edmund T. Reynolds, Noble Squares, Charles H. Sanborn, Adtlison W. Tobie, George Weaver, George W. Wells, Thomas Welch, Robert McAnalsey, Peter O'Brien, Edwin F. Baldwin. COMPANY H. William H. D. Cochrane, Christian Spicer, Ernest Weinhold. COMPANY K. Hollis O. Dudley. SECOND REGIMENT. Thomas P. Pierce, Colonel; Samuel G. Langley, Adjutant; Sylvanus Bunton, Surgeon. COMPANY A. Charles D. Tuttle, John C. Benarchad, Albert Lovett, Patrick McGrath. Alexander Belhc. John W. Riley, Julius A. Alexander, Thomas Adams, John Coleman. COMPANY B. George Nelson, Thomas Kenney, Charles Donnolly, George Coyle, Albert Kaison, George Bullen, John Cammel, Michael Col- liffan. 348 Manchester. COMPANY C. Michael Mullins, John Smith, David Brown, James H. Piatt, Richard A. Lawrence, lienj. F. Chase, Alvin L. Wigsin, Frank O Rolnnson, Alfred W. Berham, l^emuel M. Cox, Abner H. Clement, David W. Colburn. Frederick R. Allen, John A. Barker, Charles W. Brown, William Calef, Henry F. Carey, John H. Cole, Harvey M. Coll\v, Andrew M. Connel, George W. Craig, Hazen Davis, jr., John Davis, Frederick W. Dearborn, Thiu'Iow A. Emerson, Henry H. Everett, Bernard J. Farley, William Fitzger- ald, Barnett E. Fowler, Charles L. Fiench, George R. Hanson, Cornelins Hastings, AVilliam M. Holmes, John Adams, William Brown, Daniel Duftee, George Dexter, James Griffin, George Gil- bert, James Howard, Thomas Jones, William Jones, William Kel- ley, Thomas Lockhart, Peter Lawson, Lewis Severence, Daniel Murry, John Xewton, James Peaks, William Davis, Lewis Fistte, Charles A. McLanflin, Harvey ILll, William Hudson, James J. Lord, John A. Mason, Elijah Morse, Charles McGlanghlin, George F. Perry, George Pickup, Timothy H. Pike, Jonathan C. Quiml)y, John E. Richards, George H. Sargent, Alfred J. Sanborn, William Smith, .John M. Stearns, Alvin^R. Smith, Horatio IST. Stevens, Laroy D. Sherburne, Charles L. Tabor, William H. Til- ton, George B. Tattle, Franklin R. Tucker, Franklin F. Wether- bee. COMPANY D. James Dalton, William Flynn, George Schultz, Thomas Smith, John Thompson, Arthur McGinniss, Earnest Waltham, Samuel Woods, John McDonald, John Gibson, James Johnson, William Conner, John Lane, COMPANY E. John Gartley, James Tracey, John Miller, Thomas Riley, Ter- rence Riley, Henry Schwenke, Edward Smith, John Costelle. COMPANY F. Joseph Lemmons, John Jarchan, Henry Benton, Henry Brank, James Cunningham, John Donnoll}-, George McCormick, Charles Mason. COMPANY G. Andrew Quinn, William Brown, William S. ]3ennett, Andrew Christensen, Michael Corcoran, Charles Elliott, William H. French, (duster Jackson, John Peters, AVilliam Steele, Charles Smith, John Travis. COMPANY H. Thomas Beatry, George P. Williams. Frank A. Eastman, Abial A. Hannaford, Lucius Farmer, Henry J. Flanders, Nathaniel F. Swett, Joseph Tallen. The Manchester Soldiers. 349 COMPAJ^^Y I. David M. Porkins. Rodney- A. Maimiiisj:, Thorndikc P. TTeath, William II. GritHn, Ilazeii IJ". Martin, Edward L. Uailcy, Josoph A. Iluhhard, O.scar A. Moar, Albion Sinionds, Albert E. Sliolfs, Arthur E. Hiickininstcr, Perkins C. Lane, Charles ^'^i(•kery, Charles 11. Smiley. Stejihen J. .Smiley, Samuel T. Newcdl, Daniel W. Newell, William II. Appletou. layman M. Aldrieh, James (J. Burns, Frank M. Boulelle, Nieholas M. Bi,i;lin, James li. Carr, John S. Calley, Leonard B. Corliss, Jesse E. Dewey, George B. Damon, Lyman A. Diekey, Moses L. Eastman, Orrin S. Gardner, Joseph II. Gleasou, Norman E. Gunnison, Eugene G. Ilazewell, Martin A. Ilaynes, Charles T. Hardy, Luther P. Hubbard, James M. House, Moses A. Hunkins, Edgar D. Kenaston, George F. Lawrence, .fohn E. Ogden, Samuel II. Oliver, Charles F. Parrott, Henry m! Pill.sbury, Solon F. Porter, Albert B. Robinson, Levi II. Sleeper, jr., Josiah S. Swain, William W. Wood, Charles B. Wright. COMPANY K. Benjamin F. Ashton, Charles G. Sargent, James Curley. COMPANY UNKNOWN. Samuel Kaskie, Charles Wing, John Williams, William G. Stark, James Dounolly. THIRD REGIMENT. Alvin H. Libby. Adjutant; Henry Hill, Chaplain; Harrison B. Wing, Principal Musician. COMPANY A. Rufus F. Clark, John R. Hynes, Ruthven W. Houghton, Frank L. Morrill, Charles A. White, Roger W. Woodbury, Thomas John- son, John N. Chase, Amos D. Baker, Thomas T. Moore, George E. Johnson, Richard T. Holland, Samuel George, John W. E\\ans* John M. Evans, William Hammet, James Sullivan, George j] Woodman, Albert G. Dane, George H. Webster, Eli E. Bo\nnan, Samuel D. Brelstbrds, David Eryant, James G. Fernald, Charles' O. Ferson, Edward Shehan, John F. Stokes, William E. Hamnett, William L. Bennett, Ira J. Adams, Haskell W. Bantill, Charles n! Buckman, George W. Bridgeham, AVilliam O. D. Brown, Harrison S. Cass, Robert A. Challis^ Albert N. Clough, Daniel F. Colby, Harrison J. Copp, Gideon Coty, H. J. Cummings, Charles O. r'. Davis, Joseph Dupray, Charles' O. Emery, Charles O. Ferson. W. W. Flanders, John Flood, George T. Fogg, Thomas F. Gay. Albert George, Charles O. Gibson, Charles Gilbert, Walter A. Green, Cyrus Gorman, John W. Goodwin, Thomas Hanson, Henry T. Hatch John Houseman, William S. Ilodgman, Andrew J. Htdmes, Wil- liam II. Huntress, William M. Karney, George II. Lawrence, Luke Leaf, George W. Lee, Sanuiel II. Little, Nathaniel Marshall, James McEwen, David H. Newton, Stephen W. Niles, Austin E. Perrv 350 Manchester. James D. Proiulman, William H. Kamsey, John H. Sanders, George H. Webster, Hiram C. Squires, Collins P. Tebbetts, Leander White, John E. Whitten, A\^illiam H. Carter, George S. Thomas, Edward Reynolds, Alpheus Chickering. COMPANY C. John Kerwin, Michael J. Connelly, Thomas Casey, Hugh Duf- fey, Matthew J3yrns, John Casey, John McClemens, John Crosbie, Eugene Cadorath, John Eagan, Timothy Healey, Robert O'Con- nell, Michael E. A Galvin. Thomas Mc^Eury, Michael T. Dcmo- hoe, Robert II. Allen, Walter Cody. Joseph J. Douohoe, James Wilson, John Curran, Byi'on Costello, Patrick Larkin, John Mclntire, Daniel Mahoney, David Moore, Peter Pelkey, James Quinlan, James Smith. Lewis Potter, Charles Hall, Stephen Welsh, Dustin Marshall, AVilliam Allen. Peter Smith, Joseph Potter, Edwin CBrien, Francis Sheridan, William Sprague. Edmund Hackett, George Alien, AVilliam Baker, John Bai-rett, John Booth, George H. Briggs, David Bryant, J>ernard Farry, James Hender- son, Robert P. Murry, George A. Woodburn, Samuel Whittaker, James Welch. COMPANY D. William H. Maxwell. COMPANY F, George Stearns, James B. F. Towns. COMPANY G. Charles Gilbert. COMPANY H. Charles F. French, Henry B. Eastman, Henry C. Page, Charles Harvey, Jacob Boutells, Albert Blood, Charles F. Burnham, John S. Cole, Edward Cotter, John B. Davis, William II. Foster, Frank Ferren, William Gracy, David Gracy, Levi Gardner, Charles E. Harris, William H. Hill, Franklin Ilalladay, W^illiam E. Handy, Isaac H. Kingsbury, Roliert (J. Dow, Henry F. Hopkins, Morris Hennessy, Robert Vincent, Walter J, Richards, Eben R. Adams, David A. Page, Julius Griggs, Lanson Blake, Daniel N. AtAvood, Americas Briggs, Albert H. Lockwood, James O'Neil, Albert H. Stevens, Don:iid Smith, William Todd, James Walsh, George Bai- lev, John Crowson, Peter Quigley, William H. Knox, William H. Knowlton, Daniel Luce, Alexander Le Mudge, Alden E. Metcalf, Daniel S. Morrison, Charles Morgan, Jerome B. McQueston, George Murdough, Timothy Parker, ^Valter J. Richard, James C. Roach, Albert H. Stevens, Volnev F. Simmons, Joseph H. Wallace, Anson T. Williams, Patrick Woods, I^itnck Welch. COMPANY I. William Johnson, David Earles, William G. Nichols. The Manchester Soldiers. 351 COMPANY K. Edwiu Brackott, James H. A. A. Stead, John Whitney, Francis Boynton, Thomas Rohinson, Andrew McNeil, Thomas Thomasou, Varniun II. Hill, Corwin G. Parker. FOURTH REGIMENT. John L. Kelly, Quartermaster; Benjamin F. Fogg, Commis- sary Sergeant. BAND. Walter Dignam, Francis H. Pike, Henry Murphy, Lemuel H. James, John O'Brien. Alonzo Buutin, Frederick T. Page, Samuel A. Porter, John Harrington, William Dignam, Eugene K. Foss, H. Augustus Simouds, Eliphalet Dustin, John Googin, Orrin N. B. Stokes, Henry Lewis, James A. F'arnham, Reinhold T. Trum- blum. COMPANY A. Patrick McGee, Augustus Steuger. COMPANY B. Martin J. Staunton, Martin V. B. Richardson. COMPANY C. Jackson Dustin, Joseph L. C. Miller, Perley B. Rand, George D. Stiles, George S. Tuck, William O. Woodbridge, George M. Kidder, Cornelius E. Parker, Robert A. Seaver, Daniel W. Rol- lins, Eben H. Nutting, Alauson W. Barney, William G. Burke, Daniel W. Knox, John Lovett, Byron Putnam, William E. Robin- son, Chauncey Smith. COMPANY D. Charles O. Jennison. COMPANY E. Frank B. Hutchinson, Cyrus H. Hubbard, Charles H. Reed, Stephen Kendrick, Charles Whiting, Edward O. Hill, Thomas L. Newell, Francis W. Parker, Andrew J. Edgerly, John H. Baker, Alvard E. Wilson, Charles M. Whiting, Robert Hume, Edwin Vreathersfield, Lyman Wyman, Charles Brackett, John Malone, John L. Mack, James M. Dickey, John Lynch, Anson E. Hall, Frank A. Allen, Edson Wyman, Horace G. Heath, Woodbury Wy- man, John G. Hutchinson, Horatio N. Bickford, George F. Davis, Charles H. Williams, George W. Williams, Frank Matthews, Oscar Perkins, Orrin Corrigan, William H. Webster, Charles A. Newton, Hermann Greager, Thomas S. Burns, Emory Wyman, Michael Curdy, Carleton C. Richardson, William K. Cobb, Henry C. Os- good, John P. Smith, Chai'les A. Newton, John G. Hutchinson, 352 Manchester. Charles II. Allon, William H. H. Allen, Francis A. Allen. Rufus Bailey. William Eimiier, James M. Ciimminns. Patrick Castless, Isaac K. Colby, Charles A. Cressey, Owen Coriiren. Joseph P. Cressey, Amos Cressey, George E. Dunell, James M. Dickey, jr., Daniel Emery. John Fallon, Alpheus D. Flaij. William Gunn'eil, James F. Griffin. Georye II. Harris, William IlasTerty. John IIo- bert. John Ilaekett, William li. Hart, Charles IL Lee, Jf.hn Lynch, Charles C. Livingston. Lewis S. Merrill, James Mockler, Harlan E. Page, Levi Putnam, Thomas P. Philhrook, IJenjamin F. Quiml)y, Daniel S. Russell, Henry K. Richardson, George W. Rohinson. Larkin Sargent, John Stewart, Joseph T, Snow, Benja- min Spauldiug. COMPAXY F. William Haskell, Charles L. Brown, James Murphy. COMPANY G. Peter O'Brien, Lyford Hunt, Michael Shaunnessey, Dennis Hines, William II. Brooks, James M. Fogg, John Gardner, John E. Gerry, Charles C Marsh, John Mullen, Michael Madden, Dana Runels,'Deunis Walsh, William Beede, Edward Fields, Thomas J. Galvin, Patrick Conway, Amos W. Brown, Morris Foley, Dennis Gile, Zebina Atinis, John Smith, Stejjhen C. Chapman, Frank Buss, Elbridge Geary, Patrick Dowd, Richard Smith, Charles P. Gleason, Peter O'Brien, Jerome lilaisdell, Francis Cahill. George A. Runnels, James M. Allen, Michael Brosnahau, William H. Brooks, James Merrow, Frederick D. Wood. Jeremiah Spelan, George II. Stewart, Charles T. Marden, Patrick Broderick, Ter- reoce Trawley, William Gunston, Jeremiah Kelleher. John Pick- ett, Daniel Sullivan, William Sullivan, Cornelius Sullivan, Owen Tully, Lawrence Hern, Michael McIIugh, John Smith. Richard Smith, John Frank, Peter Williamson, William H. Thompson, Patrick Broderick, Almos Cushing, Patrick Donnelly, James Don- ovan, Benjamin F. Fogg, Edward Field, James Ferry, Thomas Follen, Hiram B. Frost, Louis J, Gillis, James Garman, Dennis Hoynes, John Howard, Cornelius Kennedy, Dennis Keefe, James Larkin, John O. Mason, Charles C. Marsh, Patrick McDonald, James Melasky, Charles Marden, Frank Quiun, John Quinn, James Quinn, Patrick Quinn, William II. Reynolds, Michael Reardon, Timothy Reardon, Martiu J. Staunton, Ashel Stoddard, Abraham S. Sanborn, John Shea, Dennis Tehan, Francis B. Wille}', Dennis Walch, Clark E. Wilson, John Walch, John Murphy, Owen Tulley. COMPANY H. William Bonner, Orren Bush, Daniel H. May, Charles II. Bart- lett, Samuel D. Marckrey, Bartholomew Maloney, Curtis R. Hartly. COMPANY I. George W. Stevens, Ephraim F. Brigham, Jonathan P. Nich- ols, John II. Powers, Herman Nichols, Benjamin K. Quimby, Benjamin H. Smith, Benjamin W. Smith, Enoch C. Stevens. ^^('^._^z The Manchester Soldiers. 353 COMPAKY K. Job R. Giles, Harvey M. Weed, Charles L. Batchelder, Charles M. Currier, Cieori^c W. llackett, Israel N. Gale, Samuel B. Mace, James Wyman, Albert (t. Ormsby, Clinton Farley. John F. Davis, George E. Fiteli, John liiirry, Benjamin Welch, Robert Clayton, George W. .Stevens, Morris C. Wiggin, Samuel M. Dole, William II. Sanborn, Monroe Stevens, Joseph Wallace, Fernando C. Spauld- ing, Benjamin Hartshorn, William S. Barker, Joseph W. Bailey, Al- bert Cass, Edward Dolton, James Fern, Frank A. Garland, Charles A, Hackett. Frederick W. Lougee, Patrick O'Connell, Nelson J. Pierce, William II. Perkins. Horace J. Parker, William Shever Horatio H. Stevens, Henry D. Tompkins, George Wyman, Joshua B. Webster. COMPANY UNKNOWN. James H. German, William Hall, William A. Viltman. FIFTH REGIMENT. Samuel G. Langley, Lieutenant-Colonel. COAIPANY A. Thomas Brown, John Evans, Charles Taylor, Alfred Brown. COMPANY B. George Stanton, Frank Howard, Thomas Knight, James O'Con- nell, Alex. Ross, William Hickman, John Myers. COMPANY E. Walter Summerfield, George E. Houghton, Oscar E. Carter, Cornelius H. Stone. George B. Jenness. Thomas Smith. COMPANY F. COMPANY G. COMPANY H. Warren Clark, Samuel T. Smith, James Stetson, George Brad- ley, Abram Cameron, Edward Choppenger. COMPANY I. George Nichols. COMPANY UNKNOWN. Walter Barnes, Hila Davis, Thomas Burns, Thomas B. Langley. 354 Manchester. SIXTH REGIMENT. COMPANY A. Charles White, Charles B. Seavey. COMPANY B. Charles J. Gardner, Edward E. Barnett, Charles L. Davenport, Allison Towns. COMPANY D. John Fitch. COMPANY K. Ti Tison, Owen Kelley. COMPANY UNKNOWN. Lafayette Pettingill. SEVENTH REGIMENT. Joseph C. Abbott, Lieutenant-Colonel; William W. Brown, Surgeon ; Henry Boy n ton, Assistant Surgeon. COMPANY A. Nicholas C4ill, Granville P. Mnson, Edward May, Virgil H. Cate, William C. Knowlton, James Williams, Oliver P. Hanscom, James Appleton, Benjamin F. Clark, John S. Merrill, Granville L. Ful- ler, Henry Burke, John Hobin, Charles H. Hall, William R. Thompson, Henry S. Benton. COMPANY B. Charles H. Dwinnels, Alfred B. Shemenway, Henry G. Lowell. COMPANY C. Robert Rochester, Charles F. G. Ames, Patrick Crosby. COMPANY D. Frank Moore, James Collins, John Allen. COMPANY E. Henry F. W. Little, George F. Robie, Michael Dean, Charles G. Pyee, Henry C. Dickey, Joseph Blanchett, Lewis Ash, George W. Putnam, Louis Seymour, Erlan V. Villingham, Charles H. Abbott. The Manchester Soldiers. 355 COMPANY F. Francis M. Kennison, Thomas Gilmore, John Harking. COMPANY G. Walter McDonald, Patrick O. Day, James Doherty. COMPANY ^ Jolui Hennessey, Newell R. Bixby, Benjamin F. Clark. COMPANY K. Henry Osborn, James A. Hills, Henry T. Robbins. COMPANY UNKNOWN. Warren E. F. Brown, James Spinnington, William Hall. EIGHTH REGIMENT. Hawkes Fearing, jr., Colonel; Charles A. Putney, Quartermas- ter. COMPANY A. Robert Jones, James Murry, James S. Monroe. COMPANY B. Robert Keefe, Thomas Harrison, Frederick Lunt, Joseph S. Ab- bott, Charles Mills, James Wilson, John Lawton, Alonzo W. Flan- ders, William Waugh. COMPANY C. John Bradley, Joseph Collins, George Darling, William H. In- graham, William Moore, Thomas Rhodes, John Shairbartt, Henry J. Warren, Daniel McCarty, John Collins, Edward M. Cobb, Gus- tavus Olson, Thomas Connelly, Cornelius Healy, jr., William J. Gannon, William Jones, Lawrence Foley, Edward Boyle, Michael Healey, Dennis O'Brien, Thomas Gannon, Jeremiah Driscoll, Thomas Fitzgerald, John Harrington, Daniel Haggerty, Patrick Kelley, John Smith, Thomas J. Fitzgerald, John Milan, Howard Judkins, Timothy Breen, Thomas Blake, Patrick Bohen, James H. Ballon, James Flynn, Francis Kelley, John Mullin, James T. Martin, Peter A. l?«hedd, Cornelius Crowley, John Collins, Michael Carney, Patrick Conner, John Delaney, Peter Doherty, James Daley, John Dowd, Patrick Driscoll, John Fowler, John Flem- 356 Manchester. ming, Morrice Fitzgerald, Thomas Flaherty, Thomas Fl}-nn, Mi- chael Fox, John Gibbous, Patrick Gleasoii, John Gallagher, Ber- nard Gallagher, Peter Gaftrey, Michael Grifiin, John Ilartnett, Patrick Harrington, John Howe, Patrick Henlihen, James Mc- Nally, Timothy McCarthy, Hugh McDermott. John McCarthy, Dennis Murphy, William Mclntire, Daniel Mclntire, Michael Murry, James Martin, Patrick Crosby, Daniel jMcMillen, John Murphy, James H. McDonald, Edward McCabe, Timothy Mahoney, Michael Martin, Hugh Mclntire, Daniel McXally, William O'Don- nell, Michael O'Xeil, Timothy O'Conner, Felix O'aSTeil, James Palmer. Pati'ick lieagan, William 8hea. Michael Savage, Martin Shea, Michael Sullivan, Michael Shea, Patrick Sullivan, jr., Pat- rick Sullivan, Joseph St. John, Matthew Taft, John Walsh, Stephen Tobin. COMPANY D. James Miles, Joseph J. Ladd, Thomas M. Leavitt, William E. Hubbard, Hiram D. Kidder, John H. Austin, Theodore L. Page, John C. Aldrich, Francis Gilbert, John E. Knox. Israel J. Lang- maid, Barnabas B. Russell, Daniel Stevens, Josial^ Limbury. Car) Miller, Charles Meger, Francis Daven2)ort, Richard J. Holmes, Patrick Sullivan, Watson D. Bean, Charles Conwa3\ John Gora, Rodolph Heltieich, Peter Miller, Daniel Wyman, William McCann, James Miles, Curtis Smith, Jacob F. Chandler, John B. Willard, John H. Austin, John C. Aldrich, George Hope, Joseph A. Spear, Samuel Weston, Thomas M. Leavitt. COMPANY E, James Higgins, Benjamin Schuyler, James Bruther, Charles J. Mace, Charles F. Smith, Walter Veasey, Benjamin F. Philbrick, Thomas H. Rogers, James F. W. Fletcher, William E. Brown, Nathan IL Pierce, Sylvester Clogston, John Dickey, Charles Ker- shann, George S. Mclntire, Thomas A. Plummer, John H. Rob- inson. COMPANY F. Augustus C. Annis, Cyrus S. Burpee, Charles E. Rowe, George F. Dunbar, John F. P. Robie, George W. Allen, George G. Blake, Jerry W. Blye, Elisha T. Quimby, ( •harles P. Stevens, Edwin R. Stevens, Ralph Stone, Daniel Kirby, John Fogg, Enos Shehan, James Linery, John Smith, Augustus C. Ames, Henry H. Dun- bar, John F. P. Raley, James Senter, John Burns. COMPANY G. Charles Cook, Joseph Crawford, Charles Davis, Edward B. Leonard, John Milan, Thomas G.Fitzgerald, Henry Thompson, Jehiel Thompson, Marcus M. Currier, Marcus M. Tiittle, Robert N. Colley, Albert A. M. L. Young. COMPANY H. George Dunham, Charles Meyers, F. H. Conner, James Sulli- The Manchester Soldiers. 357 van, James II:izz:\r(l, Dennis Lane, John Winahan, Patrick Man- ning, John O'Brien, Miehael Snllivan, James Lane, Charles Meier, Jt)l>n Willctt. John AVilliiuns, Daniel Kyhan, Isaac Allen, Augus- tus JJruU. John II. Camphell, Josejjh Cami.hell, Thomas P. Crow- ley John Crowley, Manui'l Floris, Joseph Hamner. James Kelley, Patrick McLauohlin. William Palmer, Philip Ray, William Strong, AVilliam Towle," Solomon Vradenl)urgh, Tobias C. lirnmmcr, John Connell, Frederick (Taitna,Panl Gray, Samuel Jones, Peter ]SIiller, Harris Stanley, John White, John Williams, George M. Gilman. COMPANY K. Dennis F. G. Lyons, Cornelius Moriarty, Francis H. Conner, Timothy Kourke. John Kelleher, Robert Swiney, Michael O'Grady. Patrick" Dowd, Jonathau Hartshcn-n, Bartholomew Moriarty. James Hazard, Ezra S. Bartlett, Patrick Brosnahan, Patrick Burke, Mi- ehael Broderick, Thomas Brennan, John Casey, Patrick Cuddy, Daniel Curran, Michael Corcoran, Maurice Deyine, Thomas Do- herty, Patrick Desmond, Samuel E. Emery, Thomas Fox, Michael Farraiugton, ]Michael Finncan, Charles II. Gorman, John Gritlin, James tlennesey, John Harriman, AHred J. Ilarriman, Sylvester Harriman, John^Harwood, John Holland, Patrick Kearin, William Keaf'e, Thomas Kane, Michael Kenney, Timothy Kearin, John Lattimer, Joseph Leafe, James Edwards, George Husted, George Martin, Thomas Robinson, Rowell T. Libby, Charles Williams, William Gushe, James Hill, James McCormick, John Mullen, Pat- rick Looney, Jan)es Meagher, Thomas Murphy. Edward Metti- mus, Michael Mahoney, Michael Mullen. Dennis MeCarty, Patrick [Manning, Eugene Moriarty, Patrick McKean, Cornelius Moriarty, Dennis McCarty, William' D. O'Conner, Dennis O'Sullivan, John O'Brien, Charles O'Conner, Richard Phelan, John F. Pettiugall, Patrick Regan, William Rourke. Elbridge Reed, W^illiam Smyth, James Sullivan, John Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, John Shea, 1st, John Shea, 2d, Patrick Shea, Philip Shugree, John Thornton. COMPANY UNKNOWN. George M. Gilman. NINTH REGIMENT. William A. Webster, Surgeon. COMPANY A. Ira S. Al)hott, James Murry, Lewis Meyers, Joseph T. Morrill, Henry F. Jefts, William A. McGarnet, Lewis T. Mitchell, Na- thaniel Webster, Drew A. Sanborn, George W. Randall. COMPANY B. Warren H. Edmunds, Joseph H. Wallace, Joseph E. Hartshorn, Jeremiah Carroll, Lorenzo B. Gould, Henry N. Howe, Arthur W. Caswell, James T. Prescott, Mathew P. Tennant, Henry N. Wil- ley, Frento T. Eastman, James H. Shanley, William N. Harnden. 358 Manchester. COMPANY C. William Welpley. COMPANY D. John E. Mason, George G. Armstrong. COMPANY E. ITenrv O. Sargent, Cyrus B. Norris, Asa Brown, Amos S. Bean, William C. Flanders, John B. Hoit, F. B. Hackett, Joseph E. Provencher, Eno(;h O. Shepherd. COMPANY F. Charles P. Welsh, James Eobston, James M. Lathe, William A. Canfield, Hiram S. Lathe, Oliver Buckminster, Charles A. Cum- mings, Charles A. Carlton, Freeman L. Lathe, Sylvester J. Hill, William P. Mason, Augustine M. Westcott. COMPANY G. John Antles, Henry Edwards, John Smith. COMPANY H. Mans L. Chase. Jacob Krusa. James Gordon. Alonzo L. Day, COMPANY I. COMPANY K. COMPANY UNKNOWN. TENTH REGIMENT. Michael T. Donohoe, Colonel; John Coughlin, Lieutenant- Colonel; Jesse F. Angell, Major. COMPANY A. Ichabod S. Bartlett, Andrew W. Doe, John B. Sargent, Hiram S. Barnes, Alfred G. Simons, William H. Allen, Orrin A. Clough, James B. T. Baker, Warren A. Burrell, Frazer A. Wasley, Charles B. Chapman, Isaac Quint, Daniel Atwood, Charles W. Atwood, Miles Aldricli, Joseph W. Batchelder, Warren Batchelder, Joseph Bailey, Henry A. Bailey, Daniel S. Butler, Hiram H. Currier, Hiram O. Chase, John C. Crowley, Alfred A. Clough, John A. Cochrane, George W. Conner, George A. Clark, Ira P. Emery, Nelson C. Fish, Daniel S. Gilnian, Elbridge G. Gammon, Justin Hutchinson, James II. Harris, George IL Hall, Dexter L. Hun- The Manchester Soldiers. 369 toon, Horace, Ilolconib, James S. Hutchinson, Henry Hartley, Ehenezer A. Johnson, Edwin R. Jones, MorseU-y W. KeiKh-ieks, CharU'S I^. Morrison, Georire AV. Newell, John Pondon, Zara Saw- yer, Septinnis Starks, Daniel F. Stark, Henry M. Sanborn, An- drew J. Wentworth, Allred Wheeler, John C. Worstcr, Charles C. "Webster, Uenjaniin F. Knowlton, Tristram Cilley, Koyal Cheeley, Charles W.Smith, Michael Honberry, "William K. Stevens, Al- brum P. ('oll)y, Charles C. Baleh. Charles Bonnor, Wilson A. ]>artlett, Stillman P. Cannon, Georj^e Carlton, John Crosby, Jere- miah Connor, Israel W. Chase, Joseph Demarse, Jeremiah C. Allen, Frank Hutchinson, Thomas Trumbull, William A. Barrett. COMPANY C. Michael Doran, John W. Davis, Charles E. Strain, William Doran, Orrin F. Emerson, Henry Esmerie, Patrick F. Fox, Georiije W. Graves, AVilliam W. Hazelton, William W. Hersey, AVilliam Hulm, Samuel L. Mitchell, William O. Heath, Dav'id Kisb}^ George B. Lewis, Charles H. Mayhew, Joseph O. Melie, Delano Prescott, .Joseph Perkins, David A. Quimby, David L. Ridley, Edwin O. Smith, Patrick Sheffree, Charles E. Sargent, Owen Sullivan, Martin Toole, Barnard Untret, AVilliam W. AA'hite, Henry AA^alley, Henry O. Merrill, Albert F. Nelson, Hanson Tip- pett, William F. Ordway, John aMurphy. Marshall Hutchins, Still- man B. Hazelton, Joseph R. Hazelton, Charles Johnson, Jr., Charles H. Leonard, Cornelius AV. Strain. COMPANY D. A. O. Ambody, Daniel B. Abbott, Andrew Dunn, Michael Dal- ton, Francis Dubin, Charles W. Foss, Rufus B. Hall, Edward Loverly, John A. Mason, George AV. Madden, Joseph C. Osgood, Joseph Peno, Zelotus L. Plac'e, Henry L. Quimby, Moses E. Quimby, Thomas B. Quimby, M. E. Raymond, George H. AA^y- man, George N. AVheeler, James J. BJUdwin, Isaac Mitchell, James Robinson, John Murphy, Alex. Campbell, Charles H. Gardner, Michael F. Corcoran, John M. Caswell. COMPANY E. John Martin. COMPANY F. John Bary, Eldad Butler, Oliver Burns, James Boyle, Patrick Curran, Wiggin Connolly, Jeremiah Cochran, Joseph Clayton, Michael Cochran, Edmund Duggan, Michael Donovan, James N. Drew, Michael Early, Michael P. Flynn, James Flenimings, Thomas Gogin, Patrick Gurry, John Horngan, Michael Handley, Timothy Hedily, James R. Jenkins, Lawrence Larkin, John San- ders, Hugh McManus, Thomas Murphy, Michael Mara, Patrick Navin, John O'Flynn, David O'Brien, John O'Brien, AVilliam AV. Pinkham, John Parker. John Quinn, John Rverden, John SuUi- 360 Manchester. van. Charles II. Thompson, Rnssell Town, Bernard White, William AVall, John Ward, Joshua Powers, Michael L. G, O'Brien, John L. O'Brien. COMPANY G. William Higgins, Charles W. Willey, Argus McGinniss, William Johusou. COMPANY H. George W. Chapman, Ui'iah H. Foss, Charles H. Hall, Charles W. Drew, Washinsrton I. Baker, Henry C. Dickey, David H. Dickey, Charles J. Esty, James P. Gould, David M. (Ilover, Clin- ton C. Hill, George T. Hastings, Benjamin F. Harrington. All)ert Q. Perry, John Kay, Charles W. Wiley, George II. Hul)liard, Fos- ter Kimball, John Ryan, William P. Williams, Stephen M. Baker. COMPANY I. AVilliam Ryan, Thomas Taylor, Charles Ward. COMPANY K. John Ahern, David Allen, John Bryson, Fred Conway, Corne- lius Cary, John Cole, James Crombie, Patrick Devine, William Devan, John Doherty, Patrick Fowler. Richard Gallagher, John Garvey, Timothy IIarrini;ton, Daniel D. Healey, James Ilealev, Henry Ilayes, Michael ^lahoney John Martin, Patrick < )"J5rien, Patrick Paine, William 11. Percival, Charles Plunkett. Jeremiah D. iSheehan, Thomas Solon, 2d, Dennis Sullivan, Michael Sullivan, Timothy Tehan, James Tliomjison, Patrick Welsh, Roger Shead}', William Hastings, Jeremiah Deedy, James Duffee, Patrick Early. Driggs, John Kelley, I'atrick Doyle, James Madden. C OMP A X Y UN KNOWN . William F. McPherson, Sullivan B. Abbott, David Reed, John Connor, James Burns. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. COMPANY C. Jeremiah D. Lyford, Andrew J. Frye, John F. Clarke, Edward C. Emerson, Charles F. Johnson, Ezra B. (ilines, Enoch I . Farn- ham, Albert F. Sargent, George E. Dudley, Loammi Searles, Lu- cien S. Buckland, Charles W! Baker, William W. Fish, True O. P^urnald, Lyman W. Griffin, Humj)iirey M. Glines, Alexander Hutcliinson, Israel Henno, James W. Resslar, Levi B. Lewis, John Ji. Marsh, Charles Milieu, John L. F. Phelps, G. A. AV. --^S^ ■W- / €i^'-^ f ^r ^'i^/'/y ^^^y/^ y^'^^e^ The Manchester Soldiers. 361 Barker, Moses Richardson, Bonjainin Stevens, Luther M. Smith, Luther G. V. Smith, Gihuau M. Smith, Dauiel R. Woodbury, Ira Gardner Wilkins, Frank W. Paij;e, Ira E. \Vriu;ht, Edward Adams, Joseph B. Clark, UoUis O. Dudhiy, Oliver Williams. COMPANY D. John White, John Smith. COMPA:f^Y E. Caleb J. Kimball. William O. Stevens, Daniel Whitney, Charles IL Tuft*, Joseph Cross. William Dickerman, Amos B. Shattuck. COMPANY UNKNOWN. Charles LeGranger, William Barton, Jose])h Martin, James Arnold, John White, Joseph Kerr, Michael Quinn, Westley Ches- ter, Peter Robinson. TWELFTH REGIMENT. COMPANY A. Martin Davis, Joseph Sharp, Charles Bowers, Jacob McCor* mick, John McGraw, Alex Conchard. COMPANY B. Henry J. Lindner, John Smith, Henry Thomas, Albert Mumford. COMPxVNY C. James II. Gord(»u, Nathan E. Hopkins, Philip Levi, Raphe! Reimaun. COMPANY D. William Weldou, Robert Hill, Charles Mardinan, Henrick Fisher, James Aeen employed before and after in negotiations with landholders upon the route. He resigned the office of superintendent after a few months and was elected a director, a place he had vacated to become super- intendent, and continued in that position till about 1860. For about five years after he left the Company he was en- engaged in the grocery business with George W. Adams, now of the firm of Adams & Lamprey. For some time afterwards he was busied in selling wild lands in Coos county, where he had an interest in thousands of acres. About 1858 he became interested in the Manchester L-on Company which was engaged in the manufacture of scales GOVERNOR OF NEW HAMPSHIRE 18bb -fab. The Hon. David A. Bunton. 385 in the lower part of the city. This failed some years after- wards and he was employed in settling its affairs. In com- pany with the late Oilman H. Kimball of this city, he was engaged two years in cutting wood and lumber in Goffs- town. In 1864 he was sent out to Fredericksburg by Gov. Gilmore to administer to the needs of the soldiers who had been wounded in Grant's campaign before Richmond. In 1865 he went to live in Cambridge, Mass., while his sons went through Harvard College. He spent six years there and then returned to Manchester and has since been en- gaged in stone-work. in 1842 Mr. Bunton was elected as the first Whig rep- resentative to the general court from Manchester and was re-elected in 1848. He was elected alderman in 1847 and served as mayor in 1861 and 1802, being elected by the Re- publican party. He has been a director of the Manchester Bank and Manchester National Bank and a trustee of the Manchester Savings Bank ever since their organization. Mr. Bunton married in 1831 Eliza Jane Adams, daughter of John Adams of Sutton, N. H., by whom he had seven children, of whom the two youngest — William A. and George W. — are living. It will be noticed that Mr. Bunton played a very import- taut part in the city of Manchester in its early years and enjoyed to a great degree the confidence of the corpora- tions and finally that of the city, having been twice elected to its highest office. This confidence has never been mis- placed. Honest, liberal, trusting almost to a fault, his heart is always in every good word and work. To the young men of the city he has been of especial service, aid- ing them by his word, by the use of his name and by per- sonal commendation. 386 Manchester. the hon. g. byron chandler. Greorge Byron Chandler was born November 18, 1832, in Bedford, N. H. He is the son of Adam and Sally (McAllister) Chandler and one of a family of four child- ren, three sons and one daughter, of whom two besides himself survive — Henry, of the firm of Plumer, Chandler & Company, and John M., of the firm of John M. Chandler & Company, both of this city. He acquired an education at the academies in Piscataquog village, Gilmanton, Hop- kinton and Reed's Ferry, taught school two seasons in Bedford, one in Amoskeag village and one in Nashua and assisted his father on the farm till he was twenty-one years of age. At the age of seventeen he spent one year, however, as a civil engineer in the employ of the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad. In March, 1854, he came to this city and became a book- keeper for Kidder & Duncklee. In one year from that time, March, 1855, he was appointed teller of the Amos- keag Bank and held the position till the organization of the Amoskeag National Bank in 1864, when he was chosen its cashier and now holds that position. He has been a long while cashier of the Amoskeag Savings Bank and in 1874, upon the organization of the People's Savings Bank, he was appointed its treasurer. He was a director of the old Amoskeag Bank in the last year of its existence and a trustee of the Amoskeag Savings Bank from 1867 to 1870. He was a director of the Blodget Edge Tool Manufactur- ing Company in 1861 and since 1866 has been a director of the Amoskeag Axe Company, which succeeded it. In 1867 he was elected a director of the Manchester and Law- rence Railroad, but resigned in 1872 to become its treas- urer. He was elected, as the nominee of the Democratic party, state senator in 1874. Mr. Chandler married, in 1862, Miss Flora A., — daugh- The Hon. P. C. Cheney. 387 ter of the late Hon. Darwin J. Daniels, once mayor of the city, — who died in May, 1868, and by whom he had one daughter who survived her mother but a short time. For his second wife he married, in 1870, Miss Fannie R., daugh- ter of Col. B. P. Martin of this city, by whom he has one child — Benjamin Martin. Mr. Chandler comes of a fine family and was reared, under the best of home influences, to habits of honesty and accuracy. His father and mother were estimable people, of strong minds and straightforward, upright lives. The lofty ideas that were instilled into him in youth he has never forgotten and his integrity has never been questioned. He has had the handling of vast sums of money and the dif- ferent corporations he represents have entire confidence in his honesty, capacity and financial shrewdness. He is a liberal man and good citizen and but once has he turned aside from the life of a banker to enter into that of politics, and then only for a short time, positively refusing a second nomination from his party for the position he had once held. THE HON. p. C. CHENEY. Person Colby Cheney was born in Holderness, N. H., now Ashland, February 25, 1828. He is the son of Moses and Abigail (Morrison) Cheney and was one of a family of eleven, five sons and six daughters. Of his three surviv- ing brothers, one. Dr. 0. B. Cheney, is the president of Bates College at Lewiston, Me. ; another, E. H. Cheney, is the editor and proprietor of the Granite State Free Press at Lebanon, N. H. ; and the third, Moses Cheney, jr., was a manufacturer of paper at Henniker, but has retired from business. The five sisters now living are Sarah B., wife of the Rev. S. D. Abbott of Needham, Mass. ; Abby M., wife of George Washburn of Ashland, N. H. ; Ruth E., wife of Jo- seph W. Lord of Wollaston, Mass. ; Marcia A., wife of J. 388 Manchester. P. F. Smith of Meredith ; Hattie 0., wife of Dr. C. F. Bonney of Manchester. When he was seven years of age, his father, a manufacturer of paper at Holderness, moved with his family to Peterborough and estabUshed himself anew. His youth, except what time he occupied in acquir- ing an education in the academies at Peterborough and Hancock in this state and at Parsonsfield, Maine, was spent in the paper-mill, and when his father sold his business in Peterborough to A. P. Morrison and returned to Holder- ness, he remained as manager of the mill. In partnership with others he built a paper-mill and es- tablished himself in business in Peterborough in 1853, and, soon buying the interest of his associates, continued the business in his own name. In August, 1802, he went from Peterborough to take part in the War of the Rebel- lion, having been appointed quartermaster of the Thir- teenth regiment. Exposure and overwork in the cam- paign before Fredericksburg brought on a sickness which sent him home and forbade his return to service, and he was discharged in August, 1863. In 1866 he removed to Manchester and associated himself with Thomas L. Thorpe as a dealer in paper stock and also as a manufacturer of paper at Gofifstown. In 1868 E. M. Tubbs Z.^^c^'^ The Hon. Moody Currier. 401 The succeeding fall he taught school in Concord, and, in company with the Hon. Asa Fowler of that city, edited the New Hanij)shirc Literary Gazette. Then he went to Hop- kinton and was principal of the academy there for a year, and in 1836 went to Lowell, Mass., to take charge of the high school there, continuing its master till the spring of 1841, when he removed to Manchester. During his stay at Hopkinton and Lowell he had studied law, and, upon com- ing to this city, he was admitted to the Itar and formed a partnership with the Hon. George W. Morrison for the practice of his profession. The Manchester Democrat, a weekly newspaper, was started in 1842 by Kimball & Kid- der, and soon afterwards the latter's interest was bought by^Iorrison & Currier. The latter gave part of his time to editorial labor, and later bought Mr. Morrison's fourth of the paper, disposing of his own interest in it not long afterward. His partnership in legal practice with Mr. Mor- rison was dissolved in 1843, and he pursued his profession independently till 1848, when he became cashier of the old Amoskeag Bank then just organized, and has continued in the banking business ever since. When the Amoskeag Savings Bank was organized in 1852, he was appointed its treasurer and still holds the office. He has been president of the Amoskeag National Bank since its organization in 1864, director of the People's Savings Bank from its formation in 1874, director of the Blodget Edge Tool Company during its existence and pres- ident and treasurer of the Amoskeag Axe Company since it succeeded the former in 1862, director of the Manches- ter Gas-Light Company since 1862, director of the Man- chester Mills since its organization in 1874, treasurer of the Concord & Portsmouth Railroad since 1856, treasurer of the Concord Railroad in 1871 and 1872, and is the treasurer of the New Englai d Loan Company. He was clerk of the New Hampshire Senate in 1843 and 402 Manchester. 1844 ; was elected a member of that body by the Republi- cans of the third district in 1856 and 1857, being its pres- ident in the latter year, and was elected a councilor by the Republicans in 1860 and 1861'. He was the chairman of the war committee of the governor and council for the first fifteen months of the war and did the chief business of that body, showing great executive ability in raising and equipping troops and starting into life a new military or- ganization. Manchester in particular has reason to be grateful to him for what he did. Mr. Currier has three times married ; first. Miss Lucre- tia C. Dustin, December 8, 1836; second, Miss Mary W. Kidder, September 5, 1847 ; third. Miss Hannah A. Slade, November 16, 1869. He has had three children, of whom one survives — Charles M., teller of the Amoskeag National Bank in this city. Mr. Currier is a marked man. He does his own think- ing and has carved out his own success. He has built up and now manages the largest banking institutions in the state, and his great reputation with the outside world is justly that of a financier. But his ability in that line is equaled, if not excelled, by his remarkable scholarship. Educated for a profession and once a teacher, lawyer and editor, he has found time, in the midst of the busy life he has since led, to preserve and strengthen the tastes of a lover of art and literature. Well versed in the exact sci- ences, keeping pace with modern thought in art, science and religion, perfectly at home among the Latin and Greek autiiors, he has educated himself to read French at sight, is familiar with German, Italian and Spanish, and has writ- ten enough fugitive pieces of poetry for his own recreation to fill a volume. It is remarkable to find literary tastes and financial capacity united, both in such high degree, and we know of no other business man in the state who is so fine a scholar. Col. M. V. B. Edgerly. 403 COL. M. V. B. EDGERLY. Martin Van Burcii Edgerly was born in Barnstead, N. H., Septenilier 2l!, 1838. He is the son of Samuel J. and Eliza (Bickford) Edgerly and was one of a family of nine chil- dren, five sons and four daughters, of whom five besides himself survive. Andrew J. of North Haverhill, N. H., is adjutant-general of the state; Joseph G., Clarence M. and Araminta C. are all resident in this city, the first hav- ing been for the past eight years its superintendent of pub- lic instruction, the second an insurance agent and the last a teacher in the public schools ; Hannah A. is the wife of Ambrose Pearson, a civil engineer of Wilton, N. H. The subject of this sketch came to this city with his parents when twelve years old, went to school for a time and then worked in the mills and machine-shop of the Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, where he remained till October, 1856, when he opened a drug-store in company with Lewis H. Parker. In a little less than a year he removed to Pittsfield, N. H., and in 1859 he entered into the insurance business, becoming an agent of several com- panies, among which was the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company of Springfield, Mass. In 1860 he was appointed by that company its general agent for New Hampshire and opened an office in Manchester, whither he removed in November, 1863, having become the general agent also for Vermont and northern New York. In 1868 he was appointed superintendent of all the company's agencies and spent two years in establishing agencies in the west, while retaining his own at home. In 1870 he resigned his place as superintendent but continued in charge of the northern New York, Vermont and New Hampshire agencies and in September, 1874, accepted in addition the Boston agency, the oldest in the company. 404 Manchester. Mr. Edgerly acquired the rank of colonel by service as the chief of Gov. Weston's staff in 1871, was a delegate in 1872 to the national Democratic convention at Baltimore which nominated Hoi-ace Greeley for President, was the treasurer of the Democratic state committee in 1871 and 1872, and is now a member from New Hampshire of the Democratic national executive committee. He served as alderman of this city from ward four in 1874. He has been a trustee of the Merrimack River Savings Bank since 1864, a director of the New Hampshire Fire Insurance Company since its organization in 18G9, a director of the Suncook Valley Railroad since 1871 and was commander of the Amoskeag Veterans in 1873 and 1874. In Decem- ber, 1874, he was appointed by President Grant an altern- ate commissioner to represent the state of New Hampshire at the centennial celebration of the nation in 1876 at Phi- ladelphia, Pa. Col. Edgerly married, March 7, 1854, Miss Alvina Bar- ney of Danbury, by whom he has had three children of whom two are living — Clinton Johnson and Mabel Clayton. Mr. Edgerly is a man of excellent business habits and remarkable executive ability. He has a strong, clear mind, determines what is to be done and then does it at once. This combination of discernment and energy have given him his great success in the insurance business, greater than that of any other man in New Hampshire. He is a man of fine personal appearance, of gentlemanly bearing and a liberal disposition, which with his social nature have enabled liim to gather about himself a host of personal friends. He is perfectly honorable in his dealings, is a good citizen and has been often talked of as the Democratic candidate for mayor of the city and for other and higher political offices, but has steadily and sensibly declined, with rare exception, to allow the use of his name. The Hon. Moses Fellows. '405 the hon. moses fellows. Moses Fellows was born at Brentwood, N. H., November 7, 1803. He is the son of Simon and Dorothy (Bartlett) Fellows, and one of a family of three sons and four daugh- ters, of whom all but one — Hannah, wife of John Calef of this city — survive. George, Stephen and Ploome, the wife of John Gordon, reside in Brentwood ; Dorothy, widow of the late Samuel Hanson, and Sally, widow of the late Rich- ard Bartlett, reside in Kingston. Mr. Fellows spent the early part of his life in Brentwood upon his father's farm and in his store, acquiring an edu- cation in the district school, and in 1826 went into busi- ness for himself, continuing in Brentwood till May, 1833, wlien he removed to Manchester, taking up his abode in that part of it known as Moore's village or Goflfe's Falls, where he has ever since resided. For nineteen years he continued in business there, nearly all of the time a whole- sale manufacturer of shoes, but he met with reverses and retired from business in 1852 and has since occupied him- self in the cultivation of his farm. Mr. Fellows, while in Brentwood, was a member of the state militia, being com- missioned captain, but resigned in 1827. After his com- ing to Manchester, he was chairman of the board of select- men in 1842, 1843 and 1846, and also in the latter year a member of the first board of aldermen the city chose. In 1847 and 1848 he was sent as a representative to the legis- lature and was mayor of tlie city in 1850 and 1851. Capt. Fellows married, July 5, 1829, Mrs. Nancy Bartlette, by whom he had one daughter, who died in 1853. In the early days of the city, Mr. Fellows, a manufac- turer of shoes upon a large scale and with many men in his employ, was a prominent citizen and had a large influ- ence. He is a very genial man,' courteous and affiible, en- tertaining in conversation and so very companionable, and 406 Manchester. has liad many warm friends who were ready to make sacri- fices for him. Since he retired from business, however, he has mixed little in public life and has had no opportunity to develop his stronger characteristics. THE HON. HERMAN FOSTER. Herman Foster was born at Andover, Mass., October 31, 1800, and was the son of John and Mary (Danforth) Fos- ter. His mother died two years after his birth, survived by one daughter, Sabra, who married Dr. Isaac Tcwksbury of Hampstead and since deceased. His father subsequently married Miss Lucy Hastings of Bolton, Mass., by whom he had six children, of whom Charles, the eldest, died at Charlestown, Mass., in 1850 ; two others died at an early age ; and there are now living Emily, the wife of Ebenezer S. Badger of Warner, John, a wealthy retired merchant of Boston and formerly the head of the firm of Foster & Tay- lor, and George, late state senator from this district and resident in Bedford. Mr. Foster's father was a merchant and moved, when the former was ten years old, to Nottingham West, now Hudson, this state, subsequently removing to Warner. Mr. Foster acquired his education at the common schools and at the academy in Derry, intending to pursue a colle- giate course. This design he was compelled to relinquish by the partial failure of his eyesight. Dartmouth College, however, conferred upon him in 1861 the honorary degree of Master of Arts. He taught school for a time in several places in Massachusetts and then established himself in a mercantile business in Boston. After following this pur- suit for some years he went to Warner, where his father then resided, and began the study of law in the ofiice of the Hon. Henry B. Chase of that town and was admitted to the bar in 1839. In November of the next year he came to The Hon. Herman Foster. 407 Manchester and began the practice of his profession, con- tinuing here from that time till his death and building up a large office business. In 1851 he formed a partnership with tlie Hon. Isaac W. Smith and subsequently with the Hon. B. F. Ayer, now of Chicago, III., dissolving his con- nection with the latter in the early part of 1857, since when he has practiced independently. He died February 17, 1875, at his residence in this city, of a chronic difficulty of the lungs. He married November 8, 1826, Miss Harriet Mary Ann Whittemore, daughter of Amos Whittemore, of West Cambridge, now Arlington, Mass., by whom he had two children, who died in infancy, Mrs. Foster being thus the only surviving member of the family. Mr. Foster was treasurer of the town of Manchester in 1842 and 1843 and solicitor of the city in 1857. He was sent to represent the city in the house of representatives of the state in 1845 and 1846, and again in 1868 and 1869. He was state senator in 1860 and 1861, being president of the senate in the latter year. In August, 1862, he was appointed by President Lincoln assessor of internal revenue for the second district of New Hampshire, resigning in February of the next year. He was the treasurer and clerk of the Manchester Gas-Light Company from its organ- ization in 1850 till his death. He was a director of the Amoskeag Bank from 1853 till its books were closed in 1868, a director of the Amoskeag National Bank from 1871 till his death, and was a trustee and one of the committee of investment of the Manchester Savings Bank from its organization in 1846. He was one of the founders of the First Unitarian Society and was its president in 1863 and 1864. Mr. Foster was a marked man, of positive traits of char- acter. Coming here when the town had just begun a new life, he grew up with it in the confidence and respect of its inhabitants. His perception was accurate, his judgment 408 Manchester. sound and trustworthy, his intelligence wide and clear. He. was a strong, decided, independent man. He had a remarkable memory for dates and places, persons and things. In business he was very methodical, cautious, painstaking, slow to make up his mind but sure of it when he expressed it. He was a safe counsellor, an upright and honest man and a good citizen. THE HON. E. W. HARRINGTON. Edward Wetherbee Harrington was born June 21, 1816, at Acton, Mass. He is the son of Edward and Polly (Wetherbee) Harrington, and has one sister, Mary H., the widow of the late Elial) Grimes of Acton, Mass., and one brother, Phinehas, who left this city for California in 1850. He worked on a farm in the summer and went to the district school in the winter till he was eighteen years old, when he went to Boston to work in a grocery store, remain- ing there till 1838, when he returned to his home in Acton. At that time his brother was engaged in bricklaying on some of the mills then in process of construction in Man- chester, and his prophecy of the speedy growth of a large city induced Mr. Harrington to come to this place on the first of January, 1839. March 2l5, 1S39, he opened a res- taurant in a building on Elm street near Lowell, now occu- pied as a market by R. M. Miller, and which was the first house completed on the eastern side of Elm street. There were then no hotels and no other restaurant, but there were a large number of people at work upon the mills, and this gave him a large business. In the fall of 1841 he removed to the basement of Union building now occupied by H. D. Corliss, which was the first building finished on the western side of Elm street. Mr. Harrington contin- ued to occupy the restaurant till October, 1853, when the The Hon. E. W. Harrington. 409 City Bank was organized and he became its cashier, con- tinuing such till its dissolution and l)econiing cashier of the City National Bank which succeeded it. Mr. Harrington was foreman of the first hook-and-ladder company in the city, whose house occupied the lot on the corner of Market and Franklin streets where the Franklin- street church now stands, and was assistant-engineer of the lire department in 1856, 1858 and 1802. He acquired the rank of captain from liis long service as commander of the "Stark Guards," a military company organized in 1840. He was elected mayor by the Democratic party for the year 1859 and re-elected for the succeeding year. In 1864 and 1865 he was the Democratic candidate for governor of the state and in 1867 and 1869 for representative to congress. He was a member of the national Democratic convention at Charleston in 1860 which nominated Stephen A. Doug- las for president and of the succeeding convention in 1864 which nominated George B. McClellan. He was also a delegate to the " national union convention " which was organized by Reverdy Johnson and which met at Phila- delphia in 1866. Mr. Harrington is a very prominent Free Masou, having taken the thirty-third degree. He was Master of Washington Lodge in 1857, the first year of its existence under a charter, Commander of Trinity Com- mandry in 1865 and 1866, Higli Priest of Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter in 1857 and 1858, and at one time Grand High Priest of the Grand Chapter of the state. Mr. Harrington married in May, 1843, Miss Frances M. Dearborn, who died in November, 1844, leaving one daugh- ter, Frances M., the wife of John P. Bartlett, city solicitor of Manchester. In May, 1849, he married Miss Margaret A. Bond, by whom he has had four children, of whom two — Edward W., jr., and Delana B. — are still living and re- side at home in this city. Mr. Harrington has been a leading man in the history of 26 410 Manchester. this city. Self-made, relying upon his own judgment, he dares do what he thinks is best. He is a man with what Lord Bacon calls " good roundabout common sense." His mind is well balanced, his conclusions are better tiian his reasons, and his instinctive ideas in reference to the values of property or what is best for the city are geneially worth more ui)on their fust expression than the judgments of others after long reasoning. He made a good mayor, was the first to pave the streets and the first who had the cour- age to introduce steam fire engines in the face of large or- ganizations which favored the old hand-engines. Liberal in his ideas and liberal with his purse, he has done a great deal to help those who could not help themselves, particu- larly young men. Few men are better versed in the ways of the world or understand better the motives which actu- ate mankind. GEN. NATT HEAD. Natt Head was born at Hooksett, N. H., May 20, 1828, and is the son of Col. John and Anna (Brown) Head. He was one of a family of five children — Hannah A., wife of Col. Josiah Stevens of this city ; the late Sally B., wife of Hall B. Emery of Pembroke, N. H. ; Natt, the subject of this sketch ; William F., of Hooksett ; John A., who re- sides in Iowa. His father, who died in 1836, was a farmer and largely engaged in lumbering. He, in company with his brother William F., succeeded to his father's business and they are extensive farmers, lumber-dealers and manu- facturers of brick in Hooksett, and, in company with Frank Dowst, contractors and builders in Manchester. They have furnished a large part of the brick used in this city for the past fifteen years. Mr. Head, as the contractor, built several miles of the old Portsmouth railway, which ran from Suncook to Can- Gen, Natt Head. 411 dia, built the new railway and bridges from Suncook to Hooksett and the Suncook Valley railway from Suncook to Pittsfield. When the soldiers' military asylum near Augusta, Me., was burned, he was sent to assume the charge of the institution during the illness of the deputy governor and afterwards rebuilt the asylum. He has filled various town offices, was appointed in ISoT deputy sheriff, and was a representative from Hooksett in the state legisla- ture in 1861 and 1862. In 1863 and 1861 he was the chief of Gov. Gilmore's staff and in 1864 was chosen adjutant-, inspector- and quartermaster-general of the state, which office he held till 1870. He was the Republican candidate for state senator from the Second district, in 1875, but there was no election by tlie people. Gen. Head was for a long time a director of the New Hampshire Agricultural Society and has been its president for ten or a dozen years, and for the past four or five years has been a director of the New England Agricultural Soci- ety. In 1869 he was appointed by Gov. Stearns a trustee of the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts. Prom his father, who was for many years an officer in the state militia, and from his grandfather, Capt. Nathaniel Head, who served as an pfficer through the Revolutionary War, Gen. Head inherits military taste and spirit. In 1847 he was appointed fife-major in the Eleventh regiment of the state militia and served four years, and in later times he was the chief bugler of the Governor's Horse Guards. He was the commander of the Amoskeag Veterans of Manchester in 1869, 1870, 1871 and 1872, is an honorary member of the Boston Lancers and is the first sergeant in command of the first company of infantry in the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company of Boston. Gen. Head is a prominent Free Mason, being a member of Washington Lodge, Mount Horeb Royal Arch Chapter, 412 Manchester. Adoniram Council and Trinity Commandry of Manchester. He is also a member of the Supreme Council, haviug taken all the degrees of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite, including the thirty-third, and all the degrees in the Rite of Memphis to the ninety-fourth. He is also a member of Howard Lodge and Hildreth Ehcampment of Odd Fel- lows, at Suncook, and a member of Oriental Lodge of the Knights of Pythias of the same place. Gen. Head has been a director of the Suncook Valley Railroad since it was organized, and the president of the China Savings Bank at Suncook since it was started. He was a director of the Merrimack River Bank from i860 till it was merged in the First National Bank and has been a director of the latter since it was formed in 1865. Gen, Head married, November 18, 1863, Miss Abbie M. Sanford of Lowell, Mass., by whom he has had three chil- dren — Annie Sanford, Lewis Fisher and Alice Ferley. The son died March 4, 1873. Geu. Head stands conspicuous for social, genial quali- ties, for good nature and strong, sound sense. He is always practical, his opinions are good on all topics to which he has given any attention and he never ventures opinions on subjects with which he is not familiar. He is a successful business man and won a lasting popularity among soldiers and citizens during the late war by his earnest and liberal efforts in his position as adjutant-general of the state. Few men have so wide a circle of strong personal friends. He has been talked of for some of the highest offices in the gift of the people of the state and for some years past has had votes at all the nominating conventions of his party for governor. The Hon. John Hosley. 413 the hon. john hosley. John Hosley was horn May 12, 1826, in Hancock, N. H., of Revohitionary stock, his grandfather having been a cap- tain in the war of 1775. He is the son of Samuel and Sophia (Wilson) lloslcy and was one of a family of nine, of whom alsok survive Martha E., wife of George G. Wads- worth of Franklin, N. H., and Lucretia J., wife of Oliver Dearborn of Manchester. He was brought up on his fath- er's farm and gained what education the common schools of Hancock afforded till he was twenty years old. In 1846 he came to Manchester and entered the employ of Mose* Fellows at Gofife's Falls as a shoe-cutter and continued with him three years. Then he entered one of the weav- ing rooms in the Amoskeag Company's mills. He continued in the Company's employ till 1851 when he went to California and was gone about two years. Upon his return in 1853 he went into the grocery business in company with Jacob Nichols. After a year, however, he became an overseer in the Amoskeag mills and continued in that position till he was elected mayor in 1865 by the city councils to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the Hon. Darwin J. Daniels. In the fall of that year he was elected by the people, being nominated as a citizens' candi- date, and served through 1866. Since that time he has been engaged in farming till 1874, when he Avas elected collector of taxes by a Democratic board of mayor and aldermen, which office he now holds. Mr. Hosley represented ward one in the common council in 1856 and 1857, in the board of education in 1861 and 1862, in the board of mayor and aldermen in 1863 and 1864, and was elected a member of the latter board from ward six in 1871. He was a member of the " national union convention " which met at Philadelphia in 1865. He is a Free Mason and has been chosen master of Lafayette 414 Manchester. Lodge but declined the position, and has held the highest ofBce in Hillsborough Lodge of Odd Fellows. Mr. Hosley married, in 1854, Miss Dorothy H. Jones of Weare, by whom he has had one child, Marion J., who is living. At a glance one sees that Mr. Hosley is a man of no common abilities. He has grown up with Manchester as town and city and has done his part in moulding its policy in governmental affairs. He is a man who has had hereto- fore and always will have a large following of men who believe in his wisdom, his caj)acity and especially his strict integrity. His record as a mayor showed well financially and his administration was one of the most economical ones in the history of the city. He is a genial gentleman, well versed in the courtesies of life, and a very close and accurate observer of human nature. THE HON. JACOB F. JAMES. Jacob F. James was born in Deerfield, N. H., July 9, 1817, and is the son of Moses and Martha (Young) James. He had six brothers and one sister, of whom there survive Joseph Y.,of Warren, Fenn., Josiah S., of Raymond, N. H., and Mary F., the wife of Loring Pickering, of Brooklyn, N. Y. His father, a farmer, removed to Candia shortly af- ter the birth of his son, and the latter spent his boyhood in farming. At the age of fourteen he went to Lowell and became an operative in one of the cai-ding-rooms in a mill owned by the Lowell Manufacturing Company. After spending four years in Lowell, he left the mills and entered the old Baptist seminary at New Hampton, N. H., since removed to Fairfax, Vt., where he spent two years, Dr. Charles Wells and Joseph E. Bennett of this city being pupils of the institution at the same time. In April, 1837, he returned to Lowell to take charge of the carding-room in which he had worked, and, three years later, he left that The Hon. Jacob F. James. 415 mill to superintend a carding-room for the Massachusetts corporation in the same place. In February, 1842, he accepted an invitation to come to Manchester and take charge of the two carding-rooms in number one mill belonging to the Stark Mills, and in less than two years was made overseer of all the carding-rooms in the yard, keeping this position till September, 1845, since when he has devoted himself to making surveys and conveyances, a business of which he had acquired a knowl- edge at school. In 1845 Mr. James was elected, by the Whig party, rep- resentative to the general court from Manchester, and was re-elected the next year. In the spring of 1847 he was elected mayor and served through 1847 and 1848 and till October, 1849, when he was displaced by the election of Warren L. Lane. He was the nominee of the Republican party in the fall of 1856 and was elected by a large major- ity, serving through 1857. He was the chief engineer of the fire department in 1851 and 1855. In 1862 he was the second member of the committee which had charge of building the new high-school house and devoted consider- able time to the superintendence of the work. He was six years one of the county commissioners for Hillsborough county, being elected in 1864 and re-elected in 1867. Since 1867, as a member of the committee which has the public cemeteries of the city in charge, he has given much atten- tion to their care and decoration. He has been a trustee of the Amoskeag Savings Bank since its organization. Mr. James married, in 1840, Harriet, the daughter of Charles Priest of Lancaster, Mass., who is still living. They have had three children, all of whom are dead. Mr. James has borne a very conspicuous part in Man. Chester since it became a city. He has enjoyed to a remark- able degree the confidence of the people, a confidence he has never forfeited. Honest and trustworthy in whatever 416 Manchester. position he holds, whether as the highest official of the city, as the executor or administrator of the numerons es- tates with the settlement of which he has been entrusted, or as a guardian of children, he always discharges his du- ties conscientiously and with high notions of riglit and wrong. Careful, prudent and circumspect, he is highly esteemed by those who have been obliged to look to others for advice in business or other relations. THE HON. WARREN L. LANE. Warren Lovejoy Lane was born at Sanbornton, N. H., August 31, 1805, and was the son of Daniel and Lydia (Lovejoy) Lane. He was tiie eldest of a family of two sons and three daughters, of whom he was the last sur- vivor. His giandfatber on bis mother's side enlisted as a minute-man in the Revolutionary War and was wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill. He died March 4, 1861, over fifty-five years old. His father died when he was quite young, leaving him the responsibility which falls upon the eldest son. He le- moved to Hampstead, N. H., when he was about fourteen years of age and was apprenticed to a manufacturer and tanner and then was a clerk in a country store. While there he married, September 23, 1827, Miss Sally C, daughter of Dr. Joshua Sawyer of Hampstead, by whom he had three sons and one daughter, of whom only Daniel W. Lane, as- sistant cashier of the City National Bank, survives. He early took an interest in political matters, was often elected to the town offices and in 1841 and 1842 represented Hamp- stead in the popular branch of the state legislature. While a resident of that town he held a military commission from Gov. Morrill, Gov. Harvey and Gov. Harper. In 1832 he received from President Van Buren the appointment of deputy United States marshal and took the census of thir- teen towns in Rockingham county. w m 5 n o > H O Col. B. F. Martin. 417 In 1842 he removed to Manchester and engaged in the West India goods trade, but in 1845 he was appointed post- master by President Polk and served four years. He liad been in 1844 cliairman of the board of selectmen and in 1849 was elected mayor of the city by the Democratic party. In 1850 he was the chief engineer of the fire de- partment and the same year was appointed special justice of the police court. In 1851 he was appointed insurance commij?sioner by Gov. Dinsmoor, and in 1853 he was made deputy-sheriff for Hillsborough, Rockingham and Merri- mack counties, holding that position till the overthrow of the Democratic party in 1855. In the early days of Manchester Mr. Lane was one of the active, stirring and prominent men. Before he was ap- pointed special justice of the police court his reputation was such that he was made, by consent of the parties inter- ested, what would now be called a referee or final arbitra- tor, in ijumerous cases. He possessed a sound, strong mind and a clear head and was disposed to do what was fair and right between man and man. His social nature was largely developed and he drew around himself a large circle of admiring friends who delighted to honor him with some position. He always filled with great acccj)tance the offices he held and from their number can be deduced his popularity. COL. B. p. MARTIN. Benjamin Franklin Martin was born July 21, 1813, at Peacham, Vt. He is the son of Truman and Mary (Xoyes) Martin and one of a family of five sons and four daugh- ters, of whom but two besides himself survive, Truman and Hannah N., who live on the homestead at Peacham. He assisted his father in farming, acquiring meanwhile an education in the common schools and at Peacham Acad- 418 Manchester. emy, till he was eighteen years of age, when he went to Meredith Bridge (now Laconia) to learn the trade of a paper-maker in his brother's mill. He spent one year there and then went to Millbury, Mass., and worked a year as a journeyman in a paper-mill. At the end of that time he went into business with his brother-in-law, the late Thomas Rice, at Newton Lower Falls, Mass., where he man- ufactured paper till 1844, when the partnership was dis- solved and he bought a mill at Middleton, Mass., and re- mained there nine years. In 1853 he had perfected arrangements to remove to Lawrence, Mass., but in consequence of some inducements which were offered him, he came to Manchester instead and built the Amoskeag })aper-mill upon the upper canal just above what are now the Langdon mills. He sold it in I860 to Hudson Keeney but bought it again four years later and continued in business as a manufacturer of pa- per till 1874, when he retired, selling his mill to John Hoyt & Company. Mr. Martin was elected by the Republicans of ward three a member of the common council in 1857 and 1858, alder- man in 1800, and representative to the state legislature in 1863 and 1864. He acquired the rank of colonel by ser- vice upon Gov. Gilmore's staff in 1863 and 1864, and was a delegate to the national Republican convention at Chi- cago which nominated Abraham Lincoln for President in 1860. In 1859 he was an assistant engineer of the fire department. He was elected a director of the Merrimack River Bank upon its organization in 1845, became its presi- dent in 1859, and dissolved his connection with it the next year. Upon the organization of the Merrimack River Five Cents Savings Institution in 1858, he became one of its trus- tees and wa& elected a vice-president in 1860, resigning soon after. In 1860 he was chosen to succeed David Gillis as a director in the Manchester Bank, and, upon the formation The Hon. John P. Newell. 419 of the Manchester National Bank, was elected a director. In 18G5 he was chosen a trustee of the Manchester Savings Bank and now holds both of these positions. He has been a director of the Manchester and Lawrence Railroad for the last ten years and a director of the Concord and Ports- mouth Railroad since its name was changed from that of the Portsmouth and Concord Railroad. Col. Martin married, January 3, 1836, Mary Ann Rice, a sister of the lion. Alexander H. and Willard Rice, of Boston, by whom he has had tiiree daughters, of whom Fanny R., the wife of the Hon. George B. Chandler of Manchester, is living. Col. Martin is a man with a strong mind, clear and quick to see, practical, well balanced, and his strong constitution and active temperament have enabled him to do a large business during his life and to do it with great success. He is a very generous man, gives liberally to all benevolent en- terprises and is one of the chief supporters of Grace church. He makes a good citizen and has been repeatedly spoken of for state senator and mayor. A man of a courteous, gentlemanly, dignified bearing, of a strong social nature, he has many warm personal friends. THE HON. JOHN P. NEWELL. John Plumer Newell was born July 29, 1823, at Barn- stead, N. H. He is the son of William H. and Olive (Den- nett) Newell, who are now living, and was one of thirteen children, of whom all but one survive. They are as follows, in the order of birth : Moses D, of Elo, Wis.; Betsey H., the wife of David Clark of Farmington ; Mary F., the wife of John Hanscom of Northwood ; Charles D. of Concord ; John P., the subject of this sketch ; Harriet, the wife of Charles S. Emerson of Pittsfield ; Samuel A. of Cato Falls, Wis.; William J. of Lawrence, Mass. ; Olive, the wife of N. E. 420 Manchester. Gate of Northwood ; Albert M. of Gilmanton ; Lafayette V. of Portsmouth; Arthur C. of Farmington. Mr. Newell spent his early life upon his father's farm, acquiring an education in the high school at Barnstead and fitting for college at the academies in Rochester, Pitts- field and Gilmanton. He entered Dartmouth College in 1845 and graduated in 1849 at the head of his class. After graduating he taught the academy at Pittsfield, studying law meanwhile with A. F. L. Norris, till March, 18.J1, when he came to Manchester to take charge of the high school, which he taught till the summer term of 1853. He then resumed the study of law in the office of S. H. & B. F. Ayer of this city and was admitted in August to the bar of Hillsborough county. Early in the winter of 1858 he opened an office in Manchester and continued in the prac- tice of his profession till the spring of 1855, when he resumed charge of the high school, continuing its principal till the fall of 1862. In May, 1863, he became principal of Pinkerton Academy at Derry, N. H., and hold the position till the summer of 1865, when he returned to Miinchester, where he has since made his home, being engaged in gen- eral business. Mr. Newell was elected by the city councils in February, 1873, mayor of Manchester and was one of its representa- tives in the legislature in 1872 and 1874. He was elected in 1856 president of the first Young Men's Christian Asso- ciation in this city and served one year and since 1869 has been the president of the present Association. He has been since 1872 a deacon of the Hanover-street church, since 1868 president of the society connected with it and for ten years was superintendent of its Sunday-school. Mr. Newell married, August 14, 1855, Mary W., daugh- ter of the late Chief Justice Samuel D. Bell, by whom he had one child, who died in infancy. His first wife died Au- gust 28, 1858, and he married, January 15, 1863, Elizabeth A. P. Olzendam. 421 M., daughter of tlio Hon. T. T. Abbot, formerly mayor of the city, by whom he has one chihl, Mary Bell, now living. Mr. Newell is a fine scholar, a Christian gentleman and a pleasant, agreeal)le man. He has always, whether mayor of the city, teacher of the high school or president of the Yonng Men's Christian Association, of which he has been so earnest a snpporter, exerted an elevating intinence npon those with whom he has come in contact. He is an able and popnlar si)eaker and while in the legislature was a member of commanding influence. He is painstaking, methodical, conscientious, in whatever position he is. If his nature was as aggressive as his convictions are just and liis principles strong, he could easily become one of the most popular and influential men in the city. A. P. OLZENDAM. Abraham Peter Olzendam was born, October 10, 1821, in Barmen, Prussia. He is the son of Abraham P. and Johanna (Rittershaus) Olzendam, and one of a family of two sons and five daughters of whom he is the sole sur- vivor. His early life was spent in the acquirement of a common-school education and in learniug the arts of man- ufacturing, dyeing and coloring. In 1848 he left his native country and came to America, landing at New York. For ten years he lived in Massachusetts, putting in practice in different mills the knowledge of his trade which he had gained at home, and then, in 1858, came to Manchester that he might better his fortunes. Here he was employed at dyeing and color-mixing in the Amoskeag and Manchester mills till 1862, when he began an independent business, starting a hosiery-mill and con- tinuing to operate it ever since. Mr. Olzendam was sent by the Republicans of ward three as a representative to the state legislature in 1873 and 1874. He has been a trustee 422 Manchester. of the People's Savings Bank since its organization in Au- gust, 1874. He married, October 1, 1851, Tlicrese Lohrer of Dresden, Saxony, by whom he had eight chikiren. of whom five, Clementine, Alexander H., Gustavus, Sidonia and Lewis survive and are living at home. After the death of his first wife, Mr. Olzendam married, May 8, 1872, Mrs. Susie J. Carling. Mr. Olzendam has risen to a very honorable position in this city, primarily by closely attending to his business as a manufacturer and since then in addition by showing him- self an excellent citizen, liberal, high-minded, disposed to do what he can to aid every benevolent object and to fur- ther the growth and prosperity of the city. Manchester is better for his coming and his staying. A genial gentle- man, he enjoys the acquaintance and confidence of a large immber of warm personal friends. Many men, as fortune favors them, withdraw more and more from society and give out less and less towards it, but society feels his pros- perity and enjoys with him his success. THE HON. NATHAN PARKER. Nathan Parker was born in Litchfield, N. H., November 21, 1808, and is the son of Deacon Matthew Parker and Sarah Underwood, daughter of Judge James Underwood of Litchfield. He was the youngest of six children and is the only survivor. He lived in Litchfield till he was six- teen or seventeen years of age, acquiring his education at the academics in that town and in Hcniiiker, and then went into business in Merrimack, whence he removed in April, 1840, to Manchester, continuing in trade and soon making for himself a large and profitable business. The town was then just rising and Mr. Parker sold large quantities of goods to the corporations and others who were building fac- tories or houses. The Hon. Nathan Parker. 423 Upon the organization of the Manchester Bank in 1845 he became its cashier and continued to hold the office till the Bank was dissolved. He has been the treasurer of the Manchester Savings Bank since it was organized in 1846 and a director and president of the Manchester Na- tional Bank since it was formed in 1865. From 1867 to 1871 ho was a director and the treasurer of the Concord Railroad, and again, since 1873, its treasurer ; he was once treasurer and for the past two or three years has been a director of the Manchester & Lawrence Railroad and for the past three or four years a director of the Concord & Portsmouth Railroad. In 1855 and 1856 he was a mem- ber of the state senate and would have been its president if he had been disposed to accept the office. He was a member of the New Hampshire house of representatives in 1863 and 1864. Mr. Parker married in September, 1837, Miss Charlotte M. Riddle of Merrimack, a grand-daughter of Capt. Isaac Riddle, a wealthy farmer, mill-owner and contractor of Bedford, who built the first canal-boat which was floated on the Merrimack river. She died in October, 1859, leav- ing one son, Walter M., who is employed in the Manches- ter Savings Bank. Mr. Parker belongs to a family of able, clear-headed, keen-minded men, who never act without a reason and who are circumspect and generally wise in all their actions. He is best known to our people as a financier and there is no man in New Hampshire who enjoys the confidence of the public in a greater degree in this respect than does the subject of this sketch. He could have succeeded in any profession in life, whether that of a merchant, lawyer, rail- way manager or manufacturer. He finally chose the busi- ness of banking and has always looked upon the money placed in his keeping through the different banks he man- ages as funds in trust for him to care for according to the 424 Manchester. best of his ability. As a result, he has always kept the in- vestments on the safe side, running no risks and meeting with no losses to speak of. All the institutions with which he has been connected have been very successful, managed with a conscientious scrupulousness and with a due regard for the acts of incorporation. He is a pattern banker and his name has become a synonym with honesty. THE HON. C. E. POTTER. Ciiandler Eastman Potter was born March 7, 1807, at Concord, N. H., and was the youngest of the four sons of Joseph and Anna (Drake) Potter, of whom none now sur- vive. His childhood and youth were spent at home upon his father's farm and in attending the district school till he was eighteen years of age, when he went to the academy at Pembroke, N. H., and was there fitted for college under Master John Vose. He entered Dartmouth College in 1827 and graduated in 1881. He taught in 1832, 1883 and 1834 select or high schools, in Concord one year and in Ports- mouth, N. H., two, and in 183") was sent from the latter town a representative to the state legislature. He again taught in the high school in Portsmouth from 1835 to 1888, reading law while there with the Hon. Ichabod Bartlett and afterwards, from 1841 to 1843, with Pierce & Fowler at Concord. He then began practice at East Concord and in March, 1844, came to Manchester and became the editor and pro- prietor of the Manchester Democrat, which position he con- tinued to hold till the fall of 1848 when he sold the paper. He had already, in June, 1848, been appointed justice of the police court of Manchester and retained that office till July, 1855. In 1852 and 1853 he edited the Farmers' Monthly Visitor and in 1854 and 1855 the Granite Farmer & Visitor. The Hon. C. E. Potter. 425 Judge Potter married, November 1, 1832, Miss Clara A., daujrliter of John Underwood of Portsmouth. She died at Manchester March 11), 1854. To them were born four children, of whom Joseph H., of Hillsborough, N. H., and Treat of this city survive. His second marriage, Novem- ber 11, 1856, was with Miss Frances Maria, daughter of Gen. John McNeil of Hillsborough, a soldier of 1812. After this marriage Judge Potter took up his residence in Hillsborough u[)on the Gov. Pierce farm, in the cultivation of which he found employment. He died suddenly, August 3, 1868, at Flint, Mich., whither he had gone in the previ- ous July to look after some property. Judge Potter was an antiquarian in taste, was elected a member of the New Hampshire Historical Society in 1841, one of its vice-presidents in 1852 and its president in 1855, 1856 and 1857. He was elected in 1851 a corresponding member of the New England Historic-Genealogical Soci- ety, and in 1856 a corresponding member of the Maryland Historical Society. He was the author of a history of Man- chester, which was published in 1856, and of the military history of New Hampshire from 1623 to the War of the Rebellion in 1861, partially revised Belknap's History of New Hampshire and was a voluminous writer otherwise. Judge Potter had much natural ability, but he was so constituted that he did not bring out the great powers of his mind except on compulsion. He needed the stimulus of friends or the inspiration of a great occasion to do him- self full justice, and always put off the labor of preparation till the last minute. He had avast store of information upon historical subjects and a great fund of personal anec- dotes with which he was wont to amuse and interest his friends. He was well informed upon all the topics of the day, political, educational and moral, talked ably and was remarkal)ly entertaining in conversation, but disliked the task of writing out his thoughts. With a short-hand 27 426 Manchestkr. reporter to take down his thoughts as he uttered them, he could have furnished daily enough matter for the leading articles in a good-sized newspaper. GEN. WILLIAM P. RIDDLE. William Pickle Riddle was born in Bedford, N. H., April 6, 1789, being named for a well-known clergyman of that town, and died in Piscataquog village in Manchester of neuralgia May 18, 1875, being then over eighty-six years of age. He was the eldest of the five sons of Isaac and Ann (Aiken) Riddle, of whom Isaac, of this city, is now living. There were three children by a subsequent mar- riage, of whom one, Margaret Ann, wife of Gen. Joseph C. Stevens of Lancaster, Mass., survives. Mr. Riddle was the grandson of Gawn Riddle, who came over with his brothers from the north of Ireland, being of Scotch extraction, and settled in Londonderry about 1737, whence they removed to Bedford about 1758. Mr. Riddle was educated at the academy in Atkinson, N. H., and, when twenty-two years old, engaged in trade in Piscataquog village. With his father and two brothers lie formed the firm of Isaac Riddle & Sons, which was largely engaged in mercantile and manufacturing business, and as one of the firm he took an active part in the con- struction of the Union Locks and Canals by which the Mer- rimack was made navigable from Concord to Lowell and in the establishment of a line of daily canal-boats from Concord and Boston. Upon the deatli of his father in 1830, the firm was dissolved and he carried on the business, both at Bedford and Merrimack, in his own name, manag- ing saw-mills, grist-mills and stores, operating in woodlands and continuing the boating and rafting business till the Concord railway was built in 1842. The old yellow store in Piscataquog village was the scene of most of his opera- Gen. William P. Riddle. 427 tions and his business was very extensive. He furnished building lumber for Lowell, Boston and Newl)uryport, spars and ship-timber for the United States navy-yard at Charles- town, Mass., and material for the railways then l)eing built in Massachusetts. He dealt largely in hops, buying them all over this state, A^ermont and Canada, marketing them in Boston, New York and Philadelphia and sometimes exporting them. In 1it till the December following, since when he 440 Manchester. lias supplied the pulpit of the First Congregational church in Rockland, Mass., though retaining his residence in Man- chester. He was the first minister to hold regular Sunday services in the new village on the east side of the i-iver and his pastorate was longer than that of any other Man- chester clergyman. "He was sent to the state legislature in 18(37 and 1868 by the Re})ublicans of ward four, and in the latter year received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Dartmouth College. He married, May 19, 1840, Miss Susan A. Webster, who died May 15, 1873. He afterwards married, September 30, 1874, Miss Elizabeth H. Allison. He has had no children. No man is more strongly identified with the early his- tory of the city than the Rev. Dr. Wallace. For nearly thirty-five years he bore a part in every intellectual contest and reform in Manchester. He fought without gloves and with a power we have never known equaled by any other clergyman in the state. Thoroughly honest, never double- dealing, he dealt heavy blows upon the abettors of slavery, rum-felling, gambling, Sabbath-breaking, profanity, card- pl.iying, dancing or of whatever else seemed to him wrong. He is puritanical in his notions, very cutting and severe in reproof, but at the same time very kind and tender- hearted, ready to do everything to reform young men and women and to cheer the suffering and the downcast. He is a vigorous, earnest speaker and his extemporaneous efforts upon" great occasions have been sometimes very elo- quent. THE HON. JAMES A. WESTON. James Adams Weston was born upon the " old Weston farm" in Manchester August 27,1827. He is the son of Amos and Betsey (Wilson) Weston and was the youngest of five children, of whom he alone survives. He traces his En^a :>y AJi Ritchie i'^/^o^^ dyy- CO-n.'-n.^X'^.^ 'UXJA aiiy 270 Bartlett, Charles II 67, 376 Batcheliler, K. N 341 Banery, 15, U. S. A 368 First Light 240, 367 Bayley, Blood & Company 306 Baxter, Thomas 311 Bean, N. S 276 steamer coiiiiiany 86 Becti ve. Earl 220 Beer, made 318 Bell, Chief-Justice.. 110 George 84 Louis 241 Samuel D.. . .31, 32, 41, 84, 89, 134 Samuel N 67,89, 91 Belmont Print- Works 3.;i Belting, made 312 Benevolent Lodge 214 societies 206 Bennett, Joseph E 271, 377 Bennington, battle of 18 Betogkom, Simon 11, 127 Bible Lodge 212 Bisco, Dwight 312 George 312 Black brook 69 Blackmar Union 233 Blacksmiths' union 235 Blanchard, Joseph 128 William 321 Blazing Star Lodge 214 Bleachery, Manchester 319 Blinds, made 313. 318, 320 Blodget Edge Tool Manufacturing Company 308 Paper Company 303, 319 Samuel 17,19, 21 Bh)dget's canal 20, 278 Blood, Aretas 91, 307, 380 Bayley, & Company 30G Board of engineers, lirst 29 of health, first 26 Boards, made 315, 317 Bobbins, made 312 Boilers, made 285 Bouton, Nathaniel 136 Bow Canal Company 270 Boxes, made 315, 317 Bradley, Charles B 313 Brass work, made 316 Brewer donation 89 Gardner 24, 89 and company 276,289, 302 Brewery, Amoskeiig 318 Haines & Wallace'.s 99 Bridge, Amo.skeag 10, 77 at Amnskeag Falls 28, 78 at Gofte's Falls 78 lirst 77 , Granite 27, 77 Jlancliester & North Weare railway 78, 101 McGregor's 19, 77, 278 Bridges 77 Brigadier-generals 309 Brooks 69 Brown, Hiram 31, 271, 320, 341 Thomas 31, 232 William W 345, 381 Bruce, John N 340 Brugijer, John 100, 313 Bryant & Rogers 371 Buckley, Henry 321 Buncher, M. Jennie 345 Buntou, Andrew 271 David A 74, 320, 340, 383 Burnham. Henry E 84 John A 31 pond 92 Cabinet, Farmers' 326 Cadets, High School 241 of Temperance 233 Temperance 236 Caldwell, John 26 Camp Currier 343 Hale 343 Pillsbury 344 Sullivan 342 Canal, Blodget's 20, 278 companies 270 Canals, present 79, 270, 278 Captain of the watch 85 Captains 369 Car «fe Machine Works, Manchester, 320 Cards, machine, made 312 Carey, Henry F 229 Carriages, made 314 Carter, T. J 271 448 Index. Cassimere, made 306 Castings, made 307, 320 Cavalry, New Kiigland 363 New Ilampsliire 363 Cemetery brook, 69, 317, 321 Forest 120 Valley 27 Cenieteries 73 Chandler, George B 197,386 James 345 J.M 211 & Company 250 Peter K ]3C Channing, William H 162 Chapel, First Freewill Baptist... .130, • 148, 158, 247. Chapel hall 155 Chaplains 369 Chapter, Mt. Horeb Royal Arch, 211, 215 Charter, city 31, 42 surrender of. 41 Chase, Bejijamin H 312 John B 317 John N 86 pond 92 Cl*ck-lists 43 Cheney, B. H 129 James S 79 P. C 315, 387 Choctaw Indian 215 Choral Union, Manchester i!45 Christian church, First 194 society. First I93 Sunday-.school, First 194 Christophe, Sebastian 313 Church, Baptist 129 Elm-street 173 First., .-n, 101, 143, 147, 170, 199 Merrirnack-street 174 Second 171 Christian 194 Congregational, First. .26, 98, 100, 130, 131,180, 185,201. Franklin-street 168, 185, 201, 203, 205. Second 167 Episcopal 155 Grace 28, 157, 190 St. Michael's 28, 156, 196 first 129 free .. 176 Freewill Baptist, Elm-street 190 First 117, 186, 189 Merrimack-street 191 Church, F. W. Baptist, Pine- street 52, 186 in Piscataiiuog village 204 niember.sliip 130 Methodist, Elm-street 153 First 130, 137 North Elm-street 153 Second 28, 152, 175, 221 St. Paul's 154 Wesleyau 175, 184 Mission 180 Presbyterian 130, 185 property 130 Roman Catholic, St. Ann's 120, 194 St. Augustine's 195 St. Joseph's 121, 195, 197 Second .\dvent 192 Uniiarian 28, HI, 162, 198 Universalist. Elm-street 182 First 27,130, 139, 141, 198 Second 139 Churches, architecture of 196 number of. 130 Roman Catholic 194 Cider, made 317 Cigars, made 318 Cilley, Mrs. J. G 208 City 41 Bank 261 cliarter 31, 42 clerks 45 debt 06 Fire Insurance Company 266 government 83 hall 29, 82 Hotel 80 marshal 32 Messenger & Republican.... 330 Missionary Society 176 National Bank 261 officers 45, 83 X)roperty 66 Savings Bank 262 solicitors 59 treasurers 59 Clark, Daniel. ..30, 31, 07, 89, 204, 341, 346 GeorgeT 32 Joseph B 389 Lewis W 67, 391 RufusT 342 William C 30 Clarke, John B 44, 130, 344, 392 Stephen G 341 William C 31, 89,143, 342, 344, 395. Index. 441) Classic hall 173 Clergymen 80 Clerk of police court 42 Clerks of city 45 of common council 46 of town 39 Cleworlh, John 312 Cloth, niaile 311 Clougli, Henry, fell dead 132 Lucien B G7 Club, Manchester Chorus and Glee. . 248 Cobb, Sylvainis 211 Cochran. Joseph, jr 32, 84 Cohas brook 69, 93, 300 locks in 21 settlements on 11 Collector of taxes 42 Colonels 369 Commandry, Trinity 212, 216 Commissioners of water- works 91 Committee, school 112, 122 Concord & Portsmouth railway 75 Manufacturing Company 270 railway 28, 75 square ...44,72 Concordia 245 Congregational church. First.. .27, 98, 100, 130, ISO, 185, 201. Franklin-street 28, 168, 185, 201, 203, 205. Madison-avenue 169 Second 167 society, First 1,34, 136, 165 Franklin- street 167 Second, J65 Sunday-school, First 133 Franklin-street 170 Congregationalism 183 Constantine, Emperor 220 Constitution, Fort 345 Convent, Koman Catholic 195 Converse, George \V. F 173 Copper work, made 316 Corcoran, Thomas 120, 121 Corey, William 316 Cor])S, United States Army 368 Veteran Reserve 3CG Coughlin, John 344 Council, Adoniram 212, 219 common 145 Granite State 243 Labarum 212, 220 Onward 244 state 244 Countess d'Ossoli 163 Court, first held in town 29 Court-house 82 Courts established 17 Cows, val ue of. 60 Crain, Leland & Moody 100 Crash, made 292. 318 Crombie, Samuel C 320 Crosby, Josiali 398 Cross, David 19, 67, 1 1 1 , 344 Ira 317 Crusader 334 Currier, Ciiinp 3tS Mootly ;}43, 400 Dalton. Charles H Dam, at Amoskeag Falls 78, at water-works 92, Daniels, D. J Joel Darling & Varney Hartshorn & Daughterii of Temperance Davis, John L Moses 28 Dean, James Oliver, 24, 89,139,268, Debating club in high school Debt, city Decoration Day Deer Neck Delaines, made Democrat — & American Foster's Independent 30, Manchester. . ..26, 28, 324, 325, 327, 332. Union 80,327, Denims, made Denny, Charles A Joseph A Department, fire police Derryfield, chartered classed, by itself. with Litchfield history of name of, changed to Man- chester Derry Mills DeWitt Clinton Encampment Dexter, Henry M Dickey, George E 198, Dignam, Walter 98 278 , 93 320 87 316 316 233 321 , 82 297 £69 246 66 242 69 293 327 337 329 332 283 312 312 85 84 13 24 19 15 21 305 217 136 200 342 450 Index. Dinsmore, Arthur 317 l)isi>atcli. Saturday Night 80, 337 Districts, liigliway 21 school . If), 25, 27, 109, 112 Division , Kxcelsior 233 Manchester, No. 3 232 No. 19 233 Niagara 233 Doctors 80 Dollar Weekly Mirror 332 and New Hampshire Jour- nal of Agriculture 334 Domestic Benevolent Scciety 174 Donohoe, Michael T 342,341, 346 Door-frames, made 318 Doors, made 313, 317, 320 Dorr pond 92 Dow, Kobert C 342 Downs, C. M 321 F. F 321 Drew, William E 315 Drillings, made 283, 292 Diuk, made 292 Dudley, Elizabeth J 345 Dunn, Harris & Company . . 321 Eagle Paper Company.. 321 Earl Bective 220 Earle, J. E 320 Eastburn, Manton 159 Eastman, Ira A 30 Eaton, Francis B 89 Hosea 80 Edgell, Frederick M 343 Edgerly, Martin V. B 403 Education, N. H. Journal of 335 Election, city, day of changed 42, 60 tirst 31 Eliot, John II, 127 Elliott, Lon 77 Ellison, John 253 Elm street 44, 67 Emerson, J. C 27, 95 Encampment, DeWitt Clinton 217 Mount Horeb, 217 Mount Washington 228 Trinity 2 !6, 217 Wonolanset 225 Engineers of fire department 86, 105 Engine, tire 26, 44 at Piscataquog village 26, 86 atStark Mills. 20 companies 86 Manchester 326 Engine-house first Engines, Amoskeag steam fire 272, . 285,311. Enterprise, Ladies' Episcopal church 28, parsonage Sunday-school Excelsior Company, American New England Division hook and ladder company... . Literary Association made Exchange, Merchants', fire at Expresses 335 155 159 159 .321 321 233 80 248 321 98 79 Factories, value of 66 Fairbanks, Alfred G 82 Fair in aid of soldiers 344 Falls, Amoskeag 11, 78, 95, 2G7, 371 Gofle's.. .11, 249, 254, 306, 318, 320 Merrill's 77 school-house Ill Fanning, J. T 92 Farley, Luther 31 Farmer, Daniel D 24 Granite 33', 332, 333 & Visitor 334 Mirror & 332 Farmers' Cabinet 326 Monthly Visitor 331, 332, 333 Farnsworth, Simeon D 342 Fearing, Ilawkes, .jr 343 Fellows, Joseph \V 84, 85 Moses 31, 405 Felton, S. A 315 Fenn, William H 136 Fenner, G. G 321 Field Officers 369 File Works, Granite 312 Files, made 312 Fife alarm telegraph 87 Fire at Amoskeag Company's mills. .95, 96 Amoskeag village 95, 90, ]00 Baldwin & Company's steam mill 96, 99 bridge of North Weare rail- way, 101 First Baptist church 147, 199 Janesville 99 John Brugger's mill 100 Masonic Temple 212 Mechanics' Kow 100 Index. 451 Fire at Patten's block 88, 99, 222, 255 Piscataquogsteam-iiiill 99 Print-Works 97 Stark mills 90 state reform scliool 100 town- house 195 Firedepartinent 85 engine, first 2C on Chestnut street 100 on Kim street near Lowell... . : 9 on Hanover street 98, 99, 100 on Manchester street. . . 98, 99, 100 wards 26 Fire King steamer ccmpany 8C Firemen's Relief Association 87 Fires 95 First board of engineers 29 of health 20 building on west side of Elm street 27 city election 31 cotton-mill 23, 267 court held 29 engine-houso 26 fire-engine 26 inhabitants 11 land sale 25 large fire 95 mayor 31 meeting-house 12 completed 137 now standing 130 mill 12 murder 24 newspaper 26, 323 police 26 private house on Company's land 25 representative, classed 19 unclassed 2i school-house 19 schools 109 teacher 109 town-meeting 15 in new village 27 Fish, at Amoskeag 11 John B 320 Fisk, James 240 Flanders, George M 74 Isaac C 31, 251, 261, 270 Flannels, made 283, 305 Fliers, made 312 Fling, Daniel W . . 201 Flint, C. A 318 Ford, Elbridge 26 Forest cemetery 75, 129 Former associations 246 manufacturers 319 Forrest Dramatic Association 240 Forsailh, Hiram 312 Samuel C 314 F'ort Constitution 345 In. 333 & Visitor 334 File WorliS 312 Fusileers 95, 237 Lodge 22i, 230 State Council 243 State Lodge 245 street 78 Temple of Honor 233 Grants of land 10, 12 Gray, F. L 318 Green, Stephen D 173 Guard, Abbott 339, 340 Guards, Head ^40 Martin 345, 366 National 237, 344, 366 Sheridan 240 Stark 236, 342 Union 339 Gymnasium, MancheBter 245 Haines, Joseph A 99 Rifles 240 Hale, Camp 313 Hall, city 29, 82 John 15 Joseph B 70 Marshall P 89 Samuel 252 Hallsrille 70, 321 Hammer-handles, made 313 Hanover square 72, 73 street society 165 Haradon's Weekly Spy 331 Hardy, Orison 200 Harrinian, Walter 342 Harrington, E. W 391, 408 steamer company 86 Harris, Dunn, & companj' 321 estate 96 Mary P 185 Harrytown 11,12, 13 Hartshorn & Darling 316 Harvey, Matthew 80 Haseltine House 80 Hatchet-handles, made 313 Hatchets, made 308 Hayes, S. Dana 83 Head — Guards 240 Natt 410 Healey, Daniel F 82 Heavy Artillery 345, 364 Henrysborough 13 Henrysbur},' 13, 19 Herald, People's. . 324 Hero, Old 330 Herrick, H. W 242 Heyes, Anna 25 Hibernians, Ancient Order of 244 High school 44 cadets 241 debating club 246 Highway districts 21, 68 Hildreth, F.phraim 12 Hill, Charles H 31S Hills, Gilbert 82 Hillsborongli county 17, 18 Earl of. 17 Lodge 221. 224 History of Manchester 44, 92 Hobbs, Edwin H 276, 343 Hodge, Jereiuiali 317 Holt, H. C 316 J. S 316 W.S 316 Holmes, William F 318 Hook & ladder company, Excelsior. . 86 house 28 Hooksett brick 20 Manufacturing Company 270 Mills 274, 293 road 28 Horr, Charles 99 Horse railway 76 Horses, value of. 66 Hose 87 carriage, at Amoskeag 87 at Gofte's Falls 87 Pennacooks' 86 Hose Company, new 87 Pennacook 86 Hosley, John 413 Hospital, Webster 345 Hotels 79 Houghton, George C 345 Index. 453 House of correction 28 Jloyt, ]). J ;iO John 314 W. J 315 Ilubliaril. (Jcorj^e 11 318 TliomiiM U 317 ■William VV 313 Hughes, Aaron P., Lodge 212 Hunt. J. T. P 271, .T.'O Nathan P 89, i71 Huilburt, VV. Henry 77 Huse, cemetery 75 Isaac 2\, Hutchinson, Charles 271 Hydrants 87 Incidentals 79 Independence, Fort 343 Indeijendent Democrat 30, 329 State>^man 32(j Ingham. Edward 81 Insuratice companies 265 Insurance Company, Amoskeag Mu- tual Fire 2G5 City Fire 266 Manchester 266 City Fire and Marine 266 Fire and Marine 266 Mutual Fire 2G5 New Hampshire Fire 266 Odd Fellows' Mutual Lite 224 State Fire 266 Iris& Souvenir 326, 327 Iris & Literary Record 326 Iron Company, Manchester 319, 320 ore 13 work, made 315 Island mill 95 pond 69 House 80 Isle of Hooksett Canal Company 270 Jackson, Albert 44, 249 Samuel P 249 Jail, county 81 keepers of. 82 James, Jacob F 90, 414 Janesville 70, 99, 314 Joe English hill 372 Johnson, Jeremiah, murder of. 26 Thomas 318 Jones, Isaac H 81 Seth K 253 | Jossclyn, L. H 316 , Journal, Labor 337 Merchants' Own 331 of Agriculture, N. H a32, 334 Dollar Weekly Mirror & 332, 3?A of Education, N. H 335 of Medicine, N. H 353 of Music, N. H 80, 337 Judkins, George F 271 Junto Organ 335 Justices of police court 32, 42 Keeley, P. C 198 Keeney, Hudson 314 Kelly, John L a39 Kendall, B. C 87 Kodney 247 Kennedy, John L 82 Kent, Moody 81 Kidder, Ueujamin 11 John S 74, 318, 319 Joseph 1:8, 44, 344 Samuel B 20, 252, 271 Samuel P 268 Killey, Walter S 302 William L 302 Kimball, John D 271 Orrin E 314 William H 28 Kinsley, iMrs. Benjamin 232 Knights of Pythias 229 Knitting machines, made 316 needles, made 316, 317 Knowles, Mary J 345 Know-Not hing movement 335 Labarum Council 212, 220 Labor Journal 3.37 League 229 L.adies' Enterprise 335 Lafayette 214 Lodge 211, 213 Lake Village Times 336 Land and Water-Power Company, Amoskeag 274, 275 Land sale, 25,26, 29, 30, 271, 272 Lane, Daniel W 67, 251, 315 Thomas W 86 Warren L 84, 416 Langdon Mills 302 Lr.ngley, John 213 Latitude of Manchester 65 Lawyers 80 League, Labor 229 Women's Temperance 236 454 Index. Leather, dresseil 314, 317 tanned 31* I^dge, Anioskeag Company's 287 Iceland, Grain, and Moody 100 Letter-carrier system 251 Lewis, Winslow, Lodge of Perfection 212 Lexington, news of battle of. 18 Library, iiublic 43, 44, 88 burned 88 removed to new building. .. 88 Social 20, 88 Lieutenant-colonels 3C9 I^ieutenants 370 Lincoln, Abraham 339 George F 300, 318 Line officers 369 Lingfield, El Guards 236, 342 house 81 John 15,18,24, 80 Lodge 235 Mills 271,272, 287 agent's house 26 counting-room 270 tire at Oil place 24 Velerans -37 William 44 Stark's tomb 24 Star of Bethlehem 325 Stars and Stripes 335 State Fire Insurance Company 266 Statesman, Independent 329 Station, passenger 76 pumping 92 Stationary engines made 285 Steam & Gas-Pipe Company. Merri- mack 319 Steam tire engines, made 285 Stevens, Aaron F 346 A. G : 271 Daniel L 271 David ....23, 267 Ephraim 23, 82, 267 G. W 271 Josiah 77 Phinehas 271 pond 69, 29 Index. 461 Stevens, Robert 23, 2G7 Stick iioy, Thomas 21 Stock ill trade in city, value of. 66 Stockings, made 313 Stocks in banks in city, value of C6 Stokes, Benjamin S 312 Stone, Eliza P 345 Joseph 297 Straw, E. A. .66, 89, 90, 91, 275, 305. 320, 434 Herman F 275 Kities 240 Streets . . 67 lighted 44 superintendent of 68 Sulliva:n, Camp 342 SuUoway. Cyrus A 67 Su^uter, Fort 339 Suncook Valley railway 66, 76 Sunday-school, Baptist, First 145 Merrimack-street 174 Christian 194 Congregational, First 133 Franklin-street 170 Episcopal 159 Freewill Baptist, Merrimack- street ini Pine-street 186 Methodist, First 138 St. Paul's 154 Mission 180 Piscataquog 185 Second Advent 192 Unitarian 164 Universalist, Elm-street 182 First 142 Superintendent of schools. 43, 44, 112, 117 salary of 118 ol state reform school 81 of streets 68 Surgeons 369 Swamscott Lodge 230 Tasker, J. C 320 Taxes 34, 66 collector of 42 Taylor, Joel 251 Teacher, first 109 Teachers, salaries of 118 state — association 119 Telegraph, fire alarm 87 Franklin 79 Nashua 336 Western Union 79 Telescope, Manchester .330 Temperance Banner, New Hamp- shire :m cadets 236 Cadets of. 233 Daughters of. 233 League, Women's 236 Society, New Hampshire State, 330 societies 231 Sons of. 232 Templars, Good 234 Temple, Cold Water 235 hall 173 Masonic 212 fire in 101, 212 of Honor 2.33, 235 Tenney, Franklin 101, 277 Tickings, A. C. A 96, 269 made 269, 283 Tirtany , Lyman 23, 268, 269 Tillotson, B. M 44 Times, Lake Village 336 Tools, made 285 Topliff, Elij.ihM 67, 84 Torrent, White Mountain 328 Towelings, made. 292, 318 Towle, Hiram 70 Towlesville 70, 316 Town — clerks 39 farm 28, 82 house, built 27 burned 29, 95, 167 converted from meeting- house 25 re-built 29, 167 hundredth anniversary of. ... 44 incorporated 13 meeting, day of. 20 first 15 first in new village 27 vacated 16, 128 moderators of. 38 officers 33 selectmen of. 33 Transcript, Manchester 327 Treasurers of city 59 of public library 89 Tremont square 44, 72, 73 Trinity Commandry 212, 216 Encampment 216, 217 True Republican 336 Trustees of public library 88, 89 Tubbee, Okali 215 Tubbs, E. M 277, 315 Tucker & Mathes 320 462 Index. Tucker, Rev. Mr 207 Turnverein 245 Turbine wlieels, niaile 285 Tyiig, William 12 TyngstowH 12 Uiicanoonuc luouiitaitis 372 Paper-Mill 315 Union— Assiociation 151, 1C4, 187 Blackniar 233 Degree Lodge 224, 235 Democrat 80, 327, 332 Grand 233 Guards 339 Machinists & Hlaeksmiths'. . . 235 Maiicliexter, Choral £45 Daily 80, 333 Social 24() National Catholic Total Ab- stinence 23C Number Six : 233 Weekly 99, 333 Unitarian chapel 28, 29, 152, 1C4 187 church Ill, 162, 199 society 16(i Sunday-school 164 reduced to one class 163 Universalist church. Elm-street 182 First 27, 139, 141, 148 Second 139 society. Elm-street 181 First 139, 180 Second 180 Sunday-scliool, Elm-street. . . 182 First 142 Upjohn, Richard 197 Upton, Samuel 84, 342 Valley cemetery 27 Valuation of city 06 of town 32 Value of— city property 66 cows (>6 factories and machinery 66 horses 66 polls 66 real estate 66 school property Ill sheep 66 stock in trade 60 stocks in banks 66 Varick, John 15 112 Varney, 1). B 96, 316, 438 James M 341 Veteran Reserve Corps 366 Veterans, Amoskeag 237 Mancliester 240 Stark 237 Vickery & Company 318 W.H 86 Village, Amoskeag. . 12, 42, 70, 100, 111, 130, 131, 139, 141, 143, 183, 249,253,273,315,321. Moore's 70 Piscataquog. .12, 42, 70, 99, 111, 176, 182, 183, 184, 185, 204, 206, 214, 245, 249, 2£,2, 297, 318 Villages 70 Visitor, Farmers' Monthly. . .331. 332, 333 (iiaiiite Farmer .t :. . 3,'54 Literary 3;i6 Voix, La— du Peuple .3,36 Votes lor mayor at each election (JO Vulcan Works 306 Walcott, Philemon 268 Wallace, A. C 91, 99, 315, 317, 318, 341 C. W 31,44, 136, 439 William 208 War, French and Indian 13 Nai ragansett 12 of 1812 24 of the Rebellion 339 Revolutionary 17, 18 Seven Years' 15 Wards 42, 43 Warren, C. F 310 S. D 314 Washington, George 219 Lodge 212, 219 Waste, made •. 315 Watch, captain of the 85 Watchmen 85 Water-Power Company, Amoskeag Land and 274, 275 Merrimack 319 Water- Works 29, 43, 44, 90 commissioners of. 91 engineer of. 94 Watson, Alexander T 345 Watts, Horace P 318 Webber, Samuel 341, 342 Webster, John 19 United States General Hospi- tal 345 William A 345 William B 305 Webster's Mills 13 Wells, Charles 30, 222, 250 Index. 463 Wentwortli, Asa 30 Boiiniiig 13, 18 IKiiry T 30 Ilonu'0 30 Wcsleyuix Metbotiist chiircli 17G ■\Vestern Uiiiou Telegraph 7!) Weston, Amos 21 farm 129 James A 21, 07. 7G, 90, 440 Jason 2r>l Wheelwright, John !» Whipple, Thomas J 346 White. D. K 100 Mount.ain Torrent .328 Pajsoii & Company 297 Whitney, Henry S 271 Whittle, William 297 W^iggln, John S 31 Wildey Lodge 228 Wilkiiis, James JIcKeen 81 \Vil.>; towns, tliat they cmitimiij in tlu'ir Imsincss ol' uhdehtakers, at the old staud, w imli ii:is lici'M oi-cupiecl tor the past Iliirl y years Uiv this basiiiess, OPPOSITE THE CHURCH, HANOVER ST. We will attend lo all business enirusteil to ns with indniptness and tPiidev regrard Ihr the atliicted. We Ueep the lar!,'est assoitnn-nt of Coliins, Caskets, Kobes and Un- dertakers' Materials that is to be I'.nuid in this city, and our pricks SHALL HE THE LOWKS'I'. We will furnish Cut Flowers. Wreaths, Cresses, tfc., and have them pre- serve I'AKLon heater, a new .and beautiful stove. COOI\I\a AND l'AIi1AHt STOfES in great variety; UoUotv Ware, Caul- dron KeltleM, Sinh-K, and a complete line of Kitchen furnishing goods. Special attention given to Pluiubing— good workmen and Plumbers' material con- stantly on hand, and will warrant all work entrusted to our care to f;ive satisfaction. 073 Elm (Street, MAlVCIIESTl!:!?, N. H. JOHN B. VARICK, DKAi.ii; r\ Hardware, Iron # Steel, Paints, Oils ■# Glass, AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND SEEDS, LEATHER AND RUBBER BELTING, LACINGS ; Carriage Wheels, Seats, Felloes and Spokes, Corclaefe, S?slieet I^eivtl, Lead. I*ipc, <&«., «fec;., 809 Si 811 Elm Street, MANCHESTER, N. 11. Hunt & Lowell, Manufacturers. Repairingof all descriptions. Painting, Tr:mminr, Woodwork ami Blacksinitliing-. HorsesLoeing in all its Branches. No. 51 Lowell st„ Manchester, N. H. .1. W. M. HUNT. SAM C. LOWELL. Hayes & Co., Wholesale Liquor Dealers, 15 & 17 Mercantile Block. Manchester, N. H. We invaiiaVdy IidUI tlie largest utovk of I'me Liijnors in Ihe state. Onlurs by mail or express promptly attended to ami satislaction {guarantee 1. JAMES G. STURGIS, M. D., PETSiCIAlY ANiD §UE#E01, Brown's Block, 712 Elm Street, Manchester, ^Y. If. Residence 148 Pearl Street 983 ELM STREET (EstaiMisii^d in iSB-^ ) M'.I^C'-'rsTER N. H. DEALERS IN STAPLE DRY GOODS, Choice Family and Fancy Groceries, Flour, Fine Teas, Coffees, Spices, Nuts, Fruit, both Foreign and Domestic ; Potash, Tar. Rosin, Gunpowder, Fishing Tackle, &.C., &.C., THIOS. J^. I_,^IsrE!, Steam, Gas I Water Pipes, Iron i Brass Fittings, steam Pumps. Injectors, Gauyes, Whistles. Vaivcs, Cocks, &c. Gas Fixtures, Chandeliers. Pendants. Brackets, &,c., Agt. for I'at \VriMi;,dit Iron KuameK'd \Vater Pipe. Agl. for Knowlts Steam Pumps. WELL'S BLOCK, SPRING STREET, MANCHESTER, N. H. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. BILLIARD HALLS. "Pheiiix," 1296 Elm st., Gatthey & Stowe. liesideiice, National Hotel. BAKKRY. C. C. Fisk, 09 Hanover st. Residence, 3-22 Park St. BOOKS AND STATIONKRY. E. R. Cohurn. 10 Hanover St. Residence, Hall st. A. Qiiinibv, 7 Hanover st. Resilience, 43 Hanover st. Wni. H. Kisk. No. 4 Methodist Clinrcli Block. Residence, Manchester House. C. E. Nutting, No. 2 City Hall, Elm st. Residence, 301 Amherst st. BOOTS AND SHOES. Frederick C. Dow, Merrimack Block, 832 Elm st. Residence, 263 Hanover st. COAL AND ICE. Dickey, Young & Co., 690 Elm st. COUNSELORS. John H. .\ndrews. Patten's Block, north entrance. Residence, 136 Myrtle St. William R. Patten, Patten's Block, north entrance. Residence, Haseltine House. Henry E. Burnham, Patten's Block, north entrance. Residence, 407 Hanover st. Isaac" L. Heath. Patten's Block, south entrance. Residence, Haseltine House. Frank Hiland. Patten's Block, north entrance. Resilience, Haseltine House. David Cross, Patten's Block. Residence, 15.52 Elm st. S. I). Lord, 2 Union Building, 898 Elm st. Residence, 341 Hanover st. N. P. Hunt, Patten's Block. Residence, No. 38 Ash st. C. A. O'Conner, 801 Elm st. Residence, Haseltine House. C. A. Sullowav, Patten's Block. Res., 324 Manchester St., cor. Manchester and Maple. A. C. Osgood, Granite Block. Residence, 281 Central st. Samuel Upton, Merchants' E.xchange. Residence, Concord St., cor. Beech st. J. W Fellows, Merchants' Exchange. Residence, cor. Pearl and Union sts. Henry \V. Towksbury, Towne's Block. Residence, 95 Harrison st. Charles H. Bartlett, Riddle's Block. Residence, cor. High and Pine sts. James F. Briggs. Patten's Block. Residence, 148 Concord st. Henry S. Clark, 8.59 .Merchants' P>xchange, Elm st. Res., cor. Pine .and Lowell sts Henry H. Huse, Patten's Block. Residence, Walnut St., cor. Bridge st. CLOTHING. Jolin Lee, 7 Patten's Block. Residence, 311 Manchester st. Cumner & Co., 88S Elm st. B. G. Cuinner, N. W. Cumner. A. H. Weston, 836 Elm st. Residence, cor. Chestnut and Prospect. Folsom & Son, No. 3 City Hall Building. J. S. Folsom, J. A. Folsom. Edwin Kennedy, 946 Elm st. .1. W. C. Pickering, 994 Elm st. Residence, Harrison st., cor. Union st. Joseph Freschl, 770 Elm st. John D. Bean, 1005 Elm st. Residence, cor. Pine and Concord sts. Phinier. Chan.ller & Co., 897 and 899 Elm st. P. K. Chandler, 9.30 Elm st. Residence, 143 Myrtle st. CROCKERY, CHINA AND TABLE CUTLERY. Clias. A. Smith, No. 3 Patten's Block. Residence, 593 Beech st. CIVIL ENGINEERS. Ellis & Patterson, Ri2 Elm st. Residence, Manchester House. FLOUR AND GRAIN. H. & H. R. Pettee. 754 Elm .st. Residences, 362 Hanover st. and 448 .Amherst st. Watts & Holmes, 698 Elm st., cor. of Central st. GROCERS. Henry C. Merrill. 928 Eltn st. Residence. 119 Myrtle st. A. .M. Easfnian. 8.50 Elm st. Residence, 275 Hanover st. Eager & Robinson. 776 Elm st. J. Q. A. Eager, Fred A. Robinson. J. M. Chandler & Co., 983 Elm .st. J. M. Chandler, G. B. Chandler. Andrew JMc^Nab, 750 Elm st. Residence, 368 Manchester st. Jolin Sweeney. t;87 Elm st. Residence, cor. Elm and Central sts. Locke & Demick, 71 Hanover st. R. M. Locke, L. B. Demick. F. M. Boire & Co., 1076 Elm st. Residence, n2 Chestnut st. O. Burpee, 1139 Elm st. Residence. 15 Laurel st. D. M. Poore, 1163 Elm st. Residence, 85 Blodget st. Moodv & Co., 1217 Elm st. B. P. Burpee, 744 Elm st. Residence, Merrimack st. Octave L. .Me.-|>. Hanover st. Church. Hamilton Melemly, 93 Hanover st. UPHOLSTERY GOODS. Robert D. (iay, Xo. 1 Mas'Uiic Teniiile. Residen'-e, 86 Prosi>ect st. WINES. LIQUORS, ETC. Hayes & Co.. 1.5 and 17 Concord St., Mercantile Block. Res., Harrison st. cor. Oak st. Patrick Fahey & Co., 731 Elm st. WOOD DK.VLERS. G. A. Clarke, 374 Chestnut st. WOOD WOKKKKS, J. Hodge, Elm st., cor. Auburn st. Residence, 454 Amherst St., cor. Hall. WOOD AND COAL. E. P. Johnson & Co., 668 Elm st.