V7^ HOME MISSION HANDICEAPT Home Mission Handicraft Ideas for Work and Play in Mission Bands and Junior Societies BY Lina and Adelia B. Beard New York Charles Scribner's Sons 1908 LIBRARY of CONGRESS Two CoDies Received 150V go 1908 Copyrijtnt tntry Copyright, 1908, by CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS CONTENTS FUN WITH NOTHING BUT CLOTHES-PINS i LITTLE PAPER COLUMBUS AND HiS PAPER SHIPS 8 CLOTHES PIN TOYS 22 A TOY COLONIAL KITCHEN 29 NEW CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS 58 AN INDIAN ENCAMPMENT 71 PICTURE WRITING AND SIGN LANGUAGE 93 THANKSGIVING . . . -. 100 CAMPING OUT IN YOUR BACK YARD 113 A GIRL'S FOURTH OF JULY 124 FUN WITH NOTHING BUT CLOTHES-PINS. Early Settler's Block-House . F you will look carefully at the photograph (Fig. i) — ^though house and people are merely clothes-pins — you can gain quite a realizing sense of scenes in the early his- tory of the United States when trouble with Indians caused real people to flock to their real block-houses. Gather up a lot of common clothes-pins and I will tell you how to build a clothes-pin block-house and turn clothes-pins into early Fig. I, — The Clothes-pin pioneers and their block-house- Fun with Nothing but Clothes-Pins settlers, for all the world like the picture. You can have as many men and women as there are clothes-pins left after building the block-house, and they will stand erect and firm and may be moved about as you please. Start the house foundation with two clothes-pins laid down Fig. 2. — The block-house foundation. Fig. 3. — To make longer " logs." parallel and sufficiently far apart for two more clothes-pins to bridge over the intervening space. Be sure to place the clothes- pins so that they rest on the open edge of the prongs and lie steady, for the round edge is apt to roll and slide. Lay the second two pieces across with their ends on the first two pins (Fig. 2). Build up the lower part of the house in this way, eight layers high. For the upper part of the house you will need longer "logs." Fig. 4. — The lower Story done. Fig. 5. — Laying the bigger " logs." Make them by running the prongs of two clothes-pins together, fitting one prong of one in between the two prongs of the other (Fig- 3)- Fun with Nothing but Clothes-Pins 3 Cross the top of the lower part of the house with two of the long logs so adjusted that they extend out from the house on each side an equal distance (Fig. 4). The next two long logs must be built on at the same time, as the weight of only one on the end of the first long logs would cause them to tip. Hold a long log in each hand and carefully lay the two simul- taneously across the ends of the first two long logs (Fig. 5). Then over these last two build on two more also simultaneously (Fig.' 6). After these are settled in place the rest is easy, for all you have to do is Fig. 6.-The upper part begun, to build up the second story in log-cabin style, as you did the first story, only using long logs instead of short ones. When the upper part is twelve layers high, counting the first two long logs, make a newspaper roof. Cut a square of paper measur- ing about eleven inches each way, fold the square diagonally across the centre from corner to corner, crease, unfold, and again crease it from the remaining corners, making another diagonal line across the centre, running in opposite direction, unfold and make a plait three-quarters of an inch wide on the centre of each of the four sides of the square. Taper the four plaits off into mere points toward the centre of the square roof and run a pin in each plait at the wide edge to hold it in place. The plaits will cause the roof to rise to a point at the centre just as real roofs were formerly built on real block-houses. Try the roof on top of the house; then take it off and trim the edges evenly; again adjust the roof and fasten it on the house with paste. If the clothes-pins are not needed in the laundry you might cover Fun with Nothing but Clothes^Pins a pastry-board with green Canton flannel, fleecy side out, for grass." Erect the house on the board, gluing the logs together as you build, and gluing the foundation to the board; then the miniature block- house could be a permanent one. Begin dressing the "early settlers" by making hats for the men. For the hat-crown roll a small square of black tissue paper into a cornucopia to fit the head of your wooden clothes-pin, paste the edges together, then cut off the corner which hangs down below to make the cornucopia even at the bottom (Fig. 7). Paste the hat-crown on the clothes-pin head, tilting the crown back a trifle (Fig. 8), then cut a disc of the black paper for the hat-brim, slash it across the centre into four points (Fig. 10), but only just far enough to make the opening fit over the hat-crown (Fig. 9). Fig. 7. — The settler's hat started. Fig. 8. — The hat-crown on, and the trousers begun. Fig, 9, — The hat finished and the knee trousers pushed into shape. Fig. 10. — How to slash the hat-brim. Fig. 11. — The tissue-paper cape. Fig. 12. — The white paper collar. Fig. 13. — The early settler ready to appear in public. Slide the brim on the crown, allowing the central points to lie up against it, and fasten them there with a little paste (Fig. 9). Use black tissue paper for the loose knee trousers (Fig. 9). Cut two strips of the paper, fit one strip over one clothes-pin leg (Fig. 8), push the paper up on the inside until it resembles Fig. 9, and fasten the paper on the wood with paste. Make the Fun with Nothing but Clothes-Pins 5 other trousers leg in the same way (Fig. 9). Cut the tissue- paper cape (Fig. 11) of rich purple, red, orange, blue or any- bright color. Paste the cape on the clothes-pin man only at the front of the neck, allowing the remainder to hang loose. From white tissue paper cut the collar (Fig. 12), and fasten it around the man's neck with a drop of paste in front. To enable the independent little settler to stand on his own feet, cut two curved slashes partially through a small piece of corrugated flat pasteboard used for packing purposes. Insert and glue the ends of the clothes-pins legs in this stand (Fig. 13). Failing the cardboard use small pasteboard pill-boxes for stands. Ink feat- ures on the clothes-pin face and your little settler will be finished. The women in the photograph (Fig. i) wear narrow dress skirts, long, severely plain white aprons, colored capes, and white collars like those of the men. Sometimes large, white, three-corn- ered neckerchiefs are used in place of the cape and collar. The sunbonnet-like head-covering is a straight piece of white tissue paper laid over the head and brought smoothly down the sides, puckered together at the back and tied around the neck with a string. Make the entire costume of tissue paper. The stiff dress skirts form sufficient support to enable the women to stand alone. When dressing a number of clothes-pin settlers cut out all the hat-crowns at one time, have as many layers of paper as there are men, and cut through all layers with one clip. Adopt the same plan with the other parts of clothing for the little people, and your work will be rapid. The next scene (Fig. 14) is of a large, substantial log-house with outside log chimney, like the houses built many years ago, when our country was new and timber plenty, to be had often for the mere cutting, and when people united in a frolic for the log- rolling necessary in bringing together logs to erect a house. 6 Fun with Nothing but Clothes-Pins With long logs (Fig. 3) build one house fourteen layers high. Close up against one side of this house build another house like it, and unite the two into one house under one newspaper roof. Make the slanting roof of a piece of newspaper creased lengthwise through the centre, and its lengthwise edges bent out a trifle and fastened on the logs with a few drops of paste (Fig. 14). Flat against the centre of one end of tHe house build an old-fashioned log chimney; make it of single clothes-pins exactly as you build the lower part of Fig. 14, — Wash-day on the clothes-pin estate. the block-house, only this time build up twenty-one layers high, as in the picture. Then make the front portico. Form the pillars and framework for the little log roof by running the extreme open end of one clothes-pin into that of another and spreading out the two attached pins into a very widely opened letter V. Turn the V upside down, and stand the head of one pin (which is also the top end of one side of the V) on the ground, while you rest the other head or top end on the logs of the front of the house. Make three Fun with Nothing but Clothes-Pins 7 more Vs, place the second V against the house near the first one, then allow a short space for the doorway in front of the line where the two halves of the building meet, and stand up a third V, and near it a fourth one. Over the slanting framework roof lay four long logs (Fig. 14). Make a log flooring for the little portico of a row of single clothes-pins, and finish by laying down a little path cut from brown paper to meet the floor of the portico. Make a small flag and wrap paper around the end of the staff that it may fit firmly into an empty spool and wave gayly near the house. Romantic as is a log-house, the prosaic laundry-work must go .on just the same as in an ordinary house. Use clothes-pins for clothes-poles; make them steady and erect by standing each pole in the prongs of a clothes-pin lying horizontally on the ground. Set the poles far apart, and tie a heavy thread or a slender string between them; hang only light-weight paper clothes on this line. A small wooden pill-box, raised from the ground on a flat button- hole-twist spool stand, makes a fine washtub near the clothesline. Any kind of natural or artificial small-leaved foliage, stuck into the open ends of clothes-pins, the pins standing up on their heads, will form trees. Small plants can be placed in spools. Both toy houses, if glued, will make most interesting contribu- tions for fairs. For temporary building the work would come in well for supplementary history, or the clothes-pin houses can be built and rebuilt again and again for simple amusement and in- struction at home. Columbus' Ship Made of Paper. LITTLE PAPER COLUMBUS AND HIS PAPER SHIP LACE a chair against one end of the bath tub, for Spain, and another chair at the other end of the tub for America. If the chair seat is lower than the rim of the tub, build up with books until the top book is as high as the tub ; then j511 the bathtub more than half full of water and pretend it is the Atlantic ocean. Cut out two paper dolls, one for King Ferdi- nand, the other for Queen Isabella. Remember which chair is Spain, and seat the royal couple in Spain, on a throne, made of a bent piece of cardboard. Bring Columbus before the monarchs and let them bid him God- speed; then put Columbus in his ship, the Santa Maria, with a number of sailors, and send the vessel saihng off on her voyage of discovery. Gently push the boat forward by the projecting spar at the stem, and the little craft will sail along like a real ship on a real ocean; but you must be careful not to push too hard and capsize the vessel. When the boat reaches America, have ready on the chair at that end of the bathtub, some wild Indians with their wigwams, and let Columbus and his men land, while the Indians stand gazing at them in astonishment. From " Things Worth Doing." Copyright, igob, by Charles Scribner' s Sons. 9 10 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs .^ /m^ ^Av\ /o/y \^ / , \ / / / 1 PROW PROW 'y UlAP o.. /A\ „.„ ■iA'piv Jo uJ / ^Gl 1 9^ ' Q \ n°°° ^ ' I') oo\ /Jlap"" ° ° -'Tt S tl '• °° o°LAP>\ 1 ;B g Br- 1 : CD 1 1 "J IL. '. ifc! \ J S : o : - V f ^ • s "^ \ AIa;°°:j^ o «--°^VA\ 5 ; ( CD I [^ ^ » ' ^ p) \ "^ v / L' < '« / >k / i' "^ ■•3 ^ n D M /7 D T\ < 1 i / / Bl •• \ Fig. 580.— The hull of the Santa Maria. Before we make the little paper peo- ple, let us build Columbus' Ship. This ship is to be as nearly like the Santa Maria, the real ship in which Columbus sailed, as is possible to make of paper. Cut a piece of light-weight cardboard fifteen and three - fourths inches long and seven and one-half inches wide ; on this draw the diagram of the boat (Fig. 589), making the greatest lengths of the dia- gram exactly as long and the greatest widths as wide as the cardboard. Find the lengthwise cen- tre of the cardboard, which will be three and three - fourths inches from each Columbus and His Paper Ship 1 1 long side line, aa the cardboard is seven and one-half inches wide. Draw a line along the centre from end to end, to guide you in making the diagram of the boat; this central line will also be the centre of your ship. Commence drawing the bot- tom A — A (Fig, 589) at a distance of two and one-fourth inches from the end of the cardboard; the bottom must measure seven inches from its extreme front point A to the back line A, and two and three-eighths inches at its widest point from B to B. The point A of the bottom must come on the long central line, and the straight back line of the bottom A must be one and three-fourths inches across. The length of the extension at the back' of the boat from C to D is three and one-half inches; the deck from D to E, three inches. The greatest width of the deck, E, not including the two flaps, is two and three-fourth inches, and the narrowest part at the hne D one inch. The sides of the boat are slashed and the last slash or side piece, F, at its greatest height touches the edge of the cardboard, while the side pieces G and G, are the lowest, and so are the longest distance from the cardboard edge. When you have drawn the diagram cut out the little craft. Cut along all the heavy lines. Bend the four dotted lines of the prow ledge (H, I and H, I) backward. All other dotted Hnes must be bent forward, and care taken to keep the bends exactly on the dotted lines. Do not bend the laps enclosed by the tiny circles along the sides J, J, J, J, J, J. These circles merely show how far the slashed sides lap over each other to form the correct shape of the Santa Maria, for you must know that Columbus' vessel was very different in build and appear- ance from any ships we find at the present time. The prow and stem were much higher than the middle of the boat and at the top the stern was quite narrow while at the bottom it was 12 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs ; / ^ ; F Fig. 590- — This is the mizzen- mast. wide, making the rear of the ship big at the bot- tom and small at the top. Now put the little craft together. Bend the sides up and fasten each lap on the edge of the next side piece with glue or strong, thick paste. Bend up the back and paste the three laps of each edge over onto the sides, fitting the short laps on the section K over the projections L and L of the sides. Make the Mizzenmast of a paper lighter, ten inches high after the end has been bent (Fig. 590). SHde the small end of the mast, from beneath, up through the hole K in the after deck (Fig. 589). The hole should be a tight fit. Paste the bent end of the mast flat and tight to the bottom of the boat ; bring the flaps of the deck down over the top of the sides and paste them se- curely in place. Next bend up the prow, lapping the flap O (Fig. 589) over the side edge of the prow, O, and the flap P over the prow, P. Cut the Bowsprit (Fig. 591) of cardboard six and one- half inches long, split the wide end up lengthwise through the centre two and one-fourth inches, then fold the remainder lengthwise through the ! centre according to the dotted lines bowsprit uke this. Columbus and His Paper Ship 13 Fig. 592. Open the split end and place one-half on the inside of one side of the prow, and the second half opposite on the inside of the other side of the prow. Leave these ends loose, resting the bowsprit in the short opening at the centre top of the point of the prow, where the two short ledges, H and I (Fig. 589), meet. Fig. 593.— The for- ward deck. Make the forward Deck of cardboard (Fig. 593) two and one-fourth inches long and at its widest part a gen- erous one and one-eighth inch. Cut the hole N, five- eighths of an inch from the wide, straight edge ; then cut a strip five and five- eighths inches in length and three- fourths of an inch in width, slash as in diagram and bend at dotted line (Fig. 594). Fig. 502.— The bowsprit is Cut the sht M, and fasten the strip on the folded through the centre. ^ ■> ■> , • . i n i r deck by pastmg the naps over the top of the curved edge of the deck (Fig. 595). Slide the flat point of the projecting bowsprit through the sHt M (Fig. 594), and rrnTirn rrnmTrTrn-T Fig. 594. — Slash the strip for the forward deck. run a paper lighter foremast, nine and one-half inches long, not including the bent end, through the hole N (Fig. 593). Bring 14 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs Fig. 595. — Forward deck. H, I, H, I (Fig. 589) the deck down over the prow, adjust the bowsprit to the incHned height of the bow- sprit in the illustration and paste the two split halves of the end of the bowsprit on each side of the inside of the prow. Fasten the foremast tight on the bottom of the boat and paste the deck on the ledges, Make a Deck-Fence for the stem of a piece of paper seven and one-half inches long and one inch wide. Cut it in a fringe with every other short strip of the fringe cut out like Fig, 596. Paste the loose fringe Rrafiin u u Fig. 596. — The deck fence. Fig. 597. — Strip for bottom of fence. ends along the three outside top edges of the atter deck, allow- ing the solid border of the fringe to form the fence rail. See illustration. Cover the lower ends of the fence when they are pasted to the deck with a band of paper seven and one-half inches long and three-eighths of an inch wide (Fig. 597). Make a Spar for the stem of the boat as you made the bowsprit Fig. 592, only the spar should be shorter, extending beyond the stem of the boat about two inches. Slide the large end of the spar through Columbus and His Paper Ship 15 the opening in the deck at E (Fig. 589) and rest the spht ends on each side of the mast. For the Mainmast at the centre of the boat make another paper lighter eleven inches high. Do not bend the end, but paste the bottom lapped edges together and run the mast through a com- mon wooden spool (Fig. 598). Glue the spool tight on the bottom of the boat, a trifle for- ward of the centre, and your ship is ready for /"^^-r '^ the sails, as you can see from the picture. ^^ The illustration shows httle paper Columbus ^'the^matomas^^with in his red cloak and cap, standing on the stern a spool. Qf iiig vessel, one of the sailors in the centre, and a wild Indian peeping over the side of the boat. We must make our Santa Maria Watertight before the sails are set. Melt half of a wax candle in a tin piepan and set the ship down into the melted hot wax to cover the bot- tom thoroughly. Use a teaspoon for pouring the liquid wax over all sides, about one inch up from the bottom of the boat. This bath of wax should render your ship perfectly water- tight, but test the httle craft on water to make sure that it does not leak. Cut the Sails of very light-weight writing-paper, the top edge straight, side edges slanting, and bottom edge curved inward. Make the greatest height of the foresail for the bow four inches, the width three and one-half inches. With the scissors point, punch two small holes in this foresail, one in the middle at the top and one 16 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs in the middle at the bottom. En- large the holes slightly by inserting the point of a lead pencil and twisting the pencil gently around (Fig. 599). Remember that all holes for the masts to run through must be made rather small, to pre- vent the sails from sliding too far down the masts. Bend the top and bottom of the sails together to curve the paper, that the sails may Fig. 599.-The foresau. appear to be in a good stiff breeze when fastened on the masts. Slide the foresail you have just made on the foremast; it will stay in place without glue. Make A Paper Flag like Fig. 600, for the mainmast, one and three- fourths inches long and one and one-half inches wide. Cut two holes at one side as shown in the diagram, divide the remaining space into four squares and paint the two diagonal squares, Q and Q, red. Make the Main-Topsail three and one-fourth inches long and three and three- fourths inches wide (Fig. 601). For the Crow's-Nest °Q Q Fig. 600. — The flag. Fig. 601. — The main-topsail. saw or cut off the top of an ordinary wooden spool and paint Columbus and His Pai)er Ship 17 red downward points around T,. ^ n,, the top edge, a Fig. 602.— The ^ ^ ° ' crow's-nest, pointed band around the centre, and two straight, narrow bands at the lower edge (Fig. 602). The Mainsail (Fig. 603) must be four and one-half inches long and five inches wide. Paint a red cross on it as shown in the diagram. Slide the main- sail well down on the mainmast; over it place the spool top "crow's-nest"; next run on the main-topsail and sHp the flag on the tiptop. The Jigger Sail for the mizzenmast at the stern of the boat must be five inches high and five inches wide (Fig. 604). Paint the paper pennant (Fig. 605) blue, and bend it into several waves. Slide the jigger sail in place on the mizzenmast and top it with the blue pennant. Your fin- Fig. 604. — The jigger sail is shaped like this 18 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs Fig. 605. — A bright colored pennant. Fig. 606. — Cut Columbus out by this pattern. ished vessel should re- semble closely the illustration. If you want to Paint the Santa Maria do so before giving it the wax bath. Color the hull a reddish brown, the masts brown, and the sails a light orange; this will give a very pretty effect. Now for the char- acters of our little drama. Make Columbus of heavy stiff writing- paper or very Hght- weight cardboard, like the pattern (Fig. 606), which measures from the top of the head to the lowest edge of the stand, four and three - fourths inches. Without the stand the Columbus and His Paf>er Ship 19 Fig. 609. — Cut the hat like this. Fig. 608. — Turn back the front edges. Fig. 610.— The hat is folded. figure measures four inches. Carefully cut out Columbus, mark his features, hair, and clothing in black ink. Cut his cloak (Fig. 607) of red tissue paper, bend at dotted lines across the shoulders, and fold back the open front as in Fig. 608. Make the red tissue paper cap (Fig. 609), and fold lengthwise across centre (Fig. 610); then put both cloak and hat on Co- lumbus, that he may be ready to start on his journey (Fig. 611). Cut out Fig. 61 1. —Columbus in his red cloak. ^ number 01 Fig. 612. — One of the sailors. 20 Things for Hojne, Gift Days and Fairs Fig. 613. — The Indian. sailors (Fig. 612) to go on the boat with Columbus, and a lot of Indians (Fig. 613) for Columbus to find when he lands on the shores of America, at the other end of the bathtub. Make Wigwams for the Indians of paper cut in half circles. Bend back narrow, pie-shaped pieces along the two straight edges of each half circle, make the pie-shaped pieces reach midway up toward the centre; then bend the half circles into tent- like forms, pin the two top edges of each one together, and you will have wigwams, with the doorway flaps bent back. Cut off the top peak of each, Fig. 614. — Make several paper wigwams. Fig. 615. — King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella. Cohmibtts and His Pai)er Ship 21 wigwam and stand some heavy long broom straws in the opening to represent poles used in real wigwams (Fig. 614). Fig. 615 shows King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, seated on their pasteboard throne, ready to receive Columbus. Queen Isabella gave three ships to Columbus, but the Santa Maria was the largest vessel, and the one which carried Colum- bus. The two smaller boats were named the Pinta and the Nina. You can make these smaller ships or use any little boats you happen to have; they are not very important. bD bO a bD a '% o en CLOTHES-PIN TOYS A Pioneer's Cabin OW to amuse the children and keep them quiet for hours together can often be solved by giving them a lot of nice, clean, wooden clothes-pins to play with. No manufactured building-blocks or kinder- garten toys can equal them in this respect. The following are the directions for making the farm-yard and church shown in Figs. 15 and 16. Use ordinary five-inch wooden clothes-pins for most of the work. To erect the log-house place two clothes-pins on the floor or table a few inches apart, have them parallel with heads toward your left hand (Fig. i). Across and on top of these lay two more with both heads facing you (Fig. 2). Then build on two over the last, allowing the open ends to come toward your left hand and to lie directly over the heads of the first two clothes-pins (Fig. 3 A and A). Continue building in this way, always alternating the ends of the clothes- pins, first the heads, next the open ends, then the heads, and so on. 23 Qd St Fig. 24 Clothes-Pin Toys Fig. 3. You will need twenty-eight clothes-pins for one section of the saddle-bag log-house, seven pairs of pins extending from side to side and seven pairs from front to back. A short distance from and parallel to this little structure build another like it, always being care- ful to place the clothes-pins with the open side down- ward that they may lie flat and steady, — if placed on the rounded side the pins may turn and slip and the house will fall down. For the roof of the house fold half a sheet of ordinary newspaper lengthwise through the centre into a long, double strip, fold and crease the strip crosswise through the centre; then as the folded strip lies before you bend back one end about five and one-half inches (Fig. 5,) turn the paper over and bend back the other end (Fig. 6). Open out the strip and you will have a peaked roof of two thick- nesses of newspaper (Fig. 7). Lift the paper with both hands, one hand at each end, and, push- ing the central bend slightly together, lay the paper across both buildings so that the centre will come over the middle of the open way between the two little log structures ; you will then have a miniature saddle-bag log-cabin, as shown in Fig. i6. Fig. 6. Clothes-Pin Toys 25 Begin the fence at the right-hand side of the grounds and build toward the left, lay the open end of one clothes-pin on the head of another and when the first layer of rails extends as far as desired, commence again at the right hand and build on a second layer of clothes-pin rails (Fig. 8). This is the way the young man, Abe Lincoln, built his rail fence. Make a gateway-post by • running the open end of one clothes-pin through the open side of a second clothes-pin, push the second pin up a little and slide the end of the first pin through the side of a third pin, bringing the upright pin on the outside of one horizontal pin and on the inside of the other (Fig. 9). Make a second post in the same manner and attach 3ach post to one end of the front opening of the fence by sliding one fence rail between the horizontal pins of the post (Fig. 9 B and B). Then build another pin on top as shown in Fig. 16. If you have shorter clothes-pins use them for the buck-saw, slip the two open ends of two pins through each other, do the same with two more clothes-pins, then stand the two X's you have made near each other and lay a clothes-pin across the space, resting one end on each of the X supports (Fig. 4 on the preceding page). The woodpile is simply a pile of clothes-pins alternating head and open end. On each end of the pile is an upright clothes-pin stuck Fig. 8. 26 Clothes-Pin Toys far enough through a horizontal pin to hold it firm, as shown in Fig. 1 6. Tear a strip crosswise from half a sheet of newspaper, tear the strip into fine fringe, roll the untorn edge into a wad and push the wad into the open end of a clothes-pin, stand the pin on its head and lo ! there is a little tree (Fig. ID). Select a short clothes-pin for the Fig. 9- pioneer's little wife, fashion her dress skirt of a strip of news- paper, gather the paper along one edge with your fingers and tie the gathered 'edge around the clothes-pin a short distance beneath the head (Fig. 12). Cut a three-cornered piece of red tissue paper or of newspaper for her shawl (Fig. 13) and make a sun- bonnet of a folded strip of white tissue paper or a single strip of newspaper, bring the two ends of the paper together forming a loop and pin the top back edges of the loop to- gether, put it on the little clothes-pin head and tie a string around the neck over the bonnet (Fig. 14). When the pioneer (fcil- h o m e is finished ^'^' ^°- build the log-church. For this you must have long logs; form them of two clothes-pins with the open ends slid firmly in together (Fig. 11), then erect the main portion of the structure by building it up in log-cabin style to a sufficient height; on the top lay a flat roof of the, long logs, and on Fig. II. Clothes-Pin Toys 27 the centre front of the roof build a little log- house of single clothes- pins as you build the one half of the pioneer cabin. The little log- hduse on the roof forms part of the steeple; make its roof of a layer of single clothes-pins running across from side to side. Build a sawbuck (Fig. 4) on top of this little roof to form the peak of the Fig. 12, Fig- 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15.— The Log Church. 28 Clothes-Pin Toys steeple. Make the sawbuck upside down with the heads of the pins resting on the roof and one of the X ends facing the front of the church. This will make the peak of the roof. Now stand two clothes-pins in the open side of one pin to form one side of the church entrance; make the other side in the same way; then lay a clothes-pin along the top of each side with head facing you. Over the last pins build on a roof by laying clothes- pins across from side to side. Fig. 15 shows the log-church com- pleted. These interesting little toys not only amuse the children but at the same time give them an idea of how the pioneers had to build their homes with the material at hand. The cost of these home- made toys is almost nothing, as only clothes-pins and a news- paper are required, both of which are common enough in almost every household. A TOY COLONIAL KITCHEN WITH FAC- SIMILE COLONIAL FURNISHINGS. OULD it not be fun to see a yoke of real live oxen come slowly walk- ing into the kitch- en dragging a load of logs? That is what many of the colonial boys and girls saw every day, and frequently the boys helped their fathers cut the logs which were for the big kitchen fireplace. And such a fireplace ! Large enough for the huge, roaring fire and the chimne}— seats also. These were placed close against the sides of the opening, making fine places for the boys and girls to sit and listen to thrilling tales of adven- ture or delightful fairy stories. The kitchen in those days was the chief apartment and the most interesting room in the house. Who would want to go into the stiff, prim "best room" when they could be so much more comfortable in the spacious kitchen where everyone was busy and happy, and where apples could be hung by a string in front of the fire to roast and made to spin cheerily when the string was twisted, that all sides might be equally heated? Any girl or boy to-day would be From " Recreations for Girls.' Copyright, igo4, igo6, by Charles Scribner's Sons. 29 A Toy Colonial Kitchen 31 only too glad of a chance to sit on a log in front of such a fire and watch red apples turn and sputter as the heat broke the apple skin, setting free the luscious juice to trickle down the sides. As the Indian's first thought was for shelter, and he put up his wigwam, so the early settler's first thought was for shelter, and he built, not a wigwam, but a log-house with a kitchen large enough to serve as a general utility room. It IBoLck, 9/£ inch Kitchen FlooT* Fig. 205. — Kitchen floor. was filled with various things, and all articles in it were used constantly. Everything not brought from the mother country the settlers made by hand. The colonial kitchen you can build may be of gray or white cardboard. Old boxes, if large enough, will answer the purpose. I will tell you exactly how I built the colonial kitchen seen in Fig. 204. I made the floor (Fig. 205), the two side walls both alike (Fig. 206), the back wall (Fig. 207), and the interior of the fireplace (Fig. 208) of light-gray cardboard. 32 Handicraft for Girls I cut all the heavy lines, scored and then bent all the dotted lines. Now you do the same thing. Get your meas- urements correct and be careful to make the lines perfectly straight. Before putting the kitchen to- gether, fasten the rustic brackets, cut from a branching twig (Fig. 209), on the wall above the mantel-piece to sup- Top Side Wall^ 5h Q -p TBottrom. 9^ inch Fig. 206. — Side wall. A • • A • • • • iH -a -J Gi^ G^^inoVi 5" M « 1 1 1 t i t 1 s- \*/»-incAi ^i Fig. 207.- 4 Xl^^cIx -Back wall. \\-»io\'»- A Toy Colonial Kitchen 35 port the flintlock gun. Take two stitches through the wall around each twig; as shown in Fig. 210, at the dots A and A and B and B (Fig. 207). Qr fc/&. iT\c\-i q a c ^ so t* 1 * • • i f 1 (^ ? 1 ^ f i '««• .<:f 1^ 1 CO . \% 1 D P:io D D XiiVcV E J i i ! 5 \-*vc.\i E \ Vs-u^s-Ues > VtincJk^ Fig. 208. — Interior of fireplace. Every colonial fireplace boasted of A Strong Crane upon which to hang the pots and kettles over the fire. One end of the crane was bent down and attached to the side chimney wall by iron rings. These rings allowed the 34 Handicraft for Girls crane to turn so that the extending iron rod could be swung forward to receive the hanging cooking utensils and then pushed back, carrying the pot and kettles over the fire for the con- tents to cook. The crane was black and of iron. A hair-pin (Fig. 211) makes a fine crane. Bend yours, as shown in Fig. 212, then with two socket-rings made with stitches of black darning-cotton fasten the crane to the side of the chimney at Fig. aog'^-A forked the dots C and C (Fig. 207), and tie pig.^o.-Put twig for the a piecc of the darning-cotton on the t^e brackets bracket up in this way. little crane immediately below the lower socket-ring ; bring the thread diagonally across to the top arm of the crane an inch and a quarter from the free end and again tie it securely (Fig. 213). Bend the two sides of The Fireplace F and F (Fig. 207) as in Fig, 213. Bend for- ward the interior of the fireplace (Fig. 208) at dotted lines, and | fit Fig. 208 on the Fig. 211.— The crane is made of a hair-pin. back of Fig. 207 to form the inside of the fireplace and the rpantel- piece. Slide the slashed top strips of the sides of the fireplace D,D,D,D (Fig. 207), back of the slashed strips D,D,D,D (Fig. 208), which will bring the two centres E and E of the sides in Fig . 212. — The crane. A Toy Colonial Kitchen 35 Fig. 208 behind F and F in Fig. 207, and will thus form two layers on the sides of the chimney. Push the edge G and G of Fig. 208 through the slit G and G in Fig. 207 to form the mantel-piece, then bend down the edge of mantel-piece along dotted line. You must have An Oven at one side of the great fireplace for baking the wholesome " rye and Indian " bread, and the delicious home-made apple, Fig. 213. — ^Back wall, showing crane hung and oven door open. pumpkin, rice and cranberry pies. In colonial days thirty large loaves of bread or forty pies would often be baked at one time, so spacious were the ovens. These side-ovens used to be heated by roaring wood fires built inside of them and kept burning for hours. When the oven was thoroughly hot the cinders and ashes were brushed out and in went the pies with a lot of little ones called "patties," for the 36 Handicraft for Girls children. When these were cooked to a golden brown each child was given his own piping hot " patt}-." Make your box-like oven according to Fig. 214, cut the heavy lines, score and bend the dotted lines. Bring the side H to the side I ; lap I over H so that the two slits, J and J, will exactly fit one over the other; then bend the back down and run the flap J on the back through the two slits J on the side, and the flap K through the slit K. A A- »"-v\cVv Fig. 214. — ^The oven. Adjust the oven back of the oven door L (Fig. 207), and fasten it tight on the wall by sliding the flap M of the oven (Fig. 214) through the slit M (Fig. 207) above the oven door ; bend it down flat against the wall. Bring the bottom oven-flap N in through and over the lower edge of the oven door-way N (Fig. 207) and bend that also flat against the wall (Fig. 213). The two side oven flaps will rest against the back of the wall on each side of the oven door-way. Now that is finished firm and strong, and you can A Toy Colonial Kitchen 37 Put the Kitchen Together in a few moments. Lay the floor (Fig. 205) down flat on a table; bend up the two diagonal sides O and O, and slide the slit P in the side wall (Fig. 206) down into the slit F of the floor (Fig. 205), bringing the wall (Fig. 206) in front of the upturned floor-piece O (Fig. 205). In the same way fasten the other side wall on the floor. Slip the two slits Q and Q of the back wall (Fig. 207) down across the top slits (Q, Fig. 206) of the side walls. While bringing the back wall (Fig, 207) down to the floor, slide its outside strips S and S over and outside of the upturned pieces of the floor, S and S (Fig. 205), to hold them in place. As soon as the Indian's wigwam was up, he had a brisk fire to cook by, for after shelter came food. The white man did likewise after his house was built, had andirons to help with his fire, even then to Fig. 215. — Pattern for andiron. Though he Lay the Fire in the immense fireplace re- quired some skill. Cut two andirons of cardboard (Fig. 215), bend at dotted lines, paint black, and the andirons will stand alone and look like real Fig. 216.— The andiron. onCS (Fig. 2 1 6). Fig. 217. — ^The flames. 38 Handicraft for Girls Cut from red, orang-e, yellow, and black tissue-paper flames like Fig. 217; bend at dotted line and paste the Fig. 218. — The flames leap up the chimney. mingled flames one at a time and turned in varying direc- tions on a piece of cardboard made to fit the bottom of the fireplace. Adjust the little black and- irons to the fire and glue them in place ; select a large log for the "back-log," and a more slender one to lay across the front of the andirons. P'lace smaller wood in between with the flames, and scatter a few bits of black paper on the hearth underneath to appear like fallen charred wood. When finished the fire should look as if it were actually sparkling, roaring, and blazing (Fi^. 218). Your fire is ready, so you must hurry and get the Fig. 219. — Cut the shell in half. A Toy Colonial Kitchen 39 Great Iron Pot to hang over the flames. Break an ^g^ in halves as indi- cated by dotted lines in Fig. 219; even off the edge of the Fig. 220. — A strip of paper for the handle. larger half shell with a pair of scissors, paste a strip of tissue-paper over the edge and glue on a stiff paper handle (Fig. 220). Cut three pieces of heavy, stiff paper like Fig. 221, bend at dotted line and pinch the two lower corners on part T together to form the pot legs (Fig. 222). Turn the Fig. 221. — Cut the pot leg like this. Fig. 222. — Bend the pot leg like this. egg-shell upside down and fasten the legs on by gluing the flap U (Fig. 221) on the bottom of the shell; the legs should enable the pot to stand upright. Turn the egg-shell into iron by painting the handle and outside of the pot jet black (Fig. 223). Swing the crane forward, hang on the pot, pretend you have some- thing to cook in it, then move the crane back over the fire. Remember all the time you are play- ing, that this is the way your colonial ancestors cooked. In days of long ago, they had many Fig. 223.— Paint the pot black. Other 40 Handicraft for Girls Odd Utensils One of the easiest for you to make is the long-handled iron shovel called a " peel " (Fig. 224), used to place bread and pie in the great oven. Cut the peel from stiff cardboard, paint it black and stand it up by the side of the chimney @ 00 Fig. 224. — A queer shovel called the ' 'peel." Fig. 225. — Make the toaster by this pattern. (Fig. 204). Trace the toaster (Fig. 225) on cardboard, paint it black, bend up the four semicircular rings and bend down the two feet, one on each side (Fig. 226). Chicken and other eatables were placed between the front and back rinsrs on the toaster and broiled before the A Toy Colonial Kitchen 41 fire, which was so hot that it was necessary to have long handles on all cooking utensils. S Several pieces of iron of varying lengths, generally made into the shape of the letter S, were called Vpot- hooks " ; they hung on the crane. Make two or three Fig. 227.— Make pot-hooks of cardboard a pot-hook ^j^(^ T)'A\x\t them black like tlus. ^ (Fig. 227). When you are not using the little toaster, bend up the handle and hang it on a pin stuck in the wall (Fig. 204). Fig. 226. — The toaster. Fig. 228. — The spinning-wheel and jointed doll spinning. 42 Handicraft for Girls Just look at jour little colonial friend, Thankful Parker! (Fig, 228). The tiny maid seems almost to be stepping lightly forward and backward as she spins out long Fig. 239. — Spokes. threads of the soft, warm yarn, singing softly all the while a little old-fashioned song. How busily she works, and listen! you can all but hear the wheel's cheery hum, hum, hum ! A Toy Colonial Kitchen 43 Fig. 233.— Wheel brace. That's the way the real colonial dames used to spin. Such a Spinning- Wheel belonged to every family, for all had to do their own spinning or go without the yarn, as they could ob- tain no assistance from others. Cut from cardboard the spokes (Fig. 229) for your miniature colonial spin- ning-wheel, the tire (Fig. 230), and the two small wheels (Fig. 231). Bend forward the fan-shaped ends of each spoke (Fig. 229) and glue the tire (Fig. Fig. 231. — Small wheel. ec CC II JJ EE EE AA I BB _ ..-. DD DD FF FF HH G Q G II Fig. 232.— Stand. JJ 44 Handicraft for Girls KK LL ^^ Hoi-e 230) around on them; let one edge of tire lie flush on the edges of the bent ends of the spokes. With the exception of the square spaces AA and BB on the stand (Fig. 232) cut the heavy lines and the little holes ; score, then bend the dotted lines. Bend down the long sides and the ends fitting the corners against and on the inside of the same letters on the sides, glue these in place and you have a long, narrow box with two extensions on one side (HH and GG). Bend these extensions, also their ends II and JJ, and glue the ends on the inside of the opposite side of the box against the places marked II and JJ. Turn the box over, bring- ing the level smooth side up- permost. Cut out the wheel brace (Fig. 233), turn it over on the other side, then bend AA backward and BB forward, and glue the brace on the box-like stand (Fig. 232) on the squares AA and BB. See Fig. 228. Make the upright (Fig. 234) of wood ; shave both sides of the end, KK, until it is flat and thin, then glue a small wheel (Fig. 231) on each side, raising the wheels above the wood that the flat' end of the up- Fig. 234.— upnght. MM vioue Fig. 230.— Tire of wheel. A Toy Colonial Kitchen 45 right may reach only to their centres. Glue the wheels together to within a short distance of their edges. With the red-hot end of a hat-pin bore the hole LL througrh the front of Fig. 235. — Hub. D the upright, and below bore another hole, MM, through the side. Make the screw (Fig. 238) and the block (Fig. 239) of wood. Run the screw through the side hole MM in the up- right (Fig. 234), and push the screw on through the hole in the top of the block (Fig. 239). Break off more than half of a wooden toothpick for the spindle (Fig. 236) and pass it through the hole LL (Fig. 234). Make the hub (Fig. 235) of wood and thread it in through the wheel and brace (Fig. 233), to hold the wheel in place. Use two wooden toothpicks, with the ends broken off (Fig. 237), for legs ; insert these slantingly into the holes, GG (Fig. 232), on the under part of the stand, allowing 'J the top ends to reach up and rest against Spindle, the undcr side of the top of the stand. Spread out the bottom ends of the legs. Run the upright (Fig. 234) through the single hole near one end of the stand (Fig. 232) and pass it down through the under hole on HH. The lower part of the upright forms the third leg. See that all three legs set evenly when the wheel stands, and that the box part is raised slight- ly higher at the upright end, slanting downward toward the other end (Fig. 228). Glue the three legs firmly in place. Fig. 237.— Leg. Fig. 238. — Screw. Fig. 239.— Block. 46 Handicraft for Girls Fig. 240. — Do her hair up in this fashion. Connect the two small wheels (Fig. 231) and the large wheel together by passing a string between the small wheels and over around the outside of the tire of the /large wheel, fastening it on here and there with a little glue (Fig, 228). ^J?".*''':~ Twist a piece of raw cotton on the Hair-pin. ^ spindle and tie a length of white darning-cotton to the end of the cotton (Fig. 228). Stretch the thread across to the hand of your colonial-dressed doll, glue it in place, and the next time your mother attends a meeting of the Society of Colonial Dames tell her to show your little maid Thankful Parker and her spinning-wheel. When you Dress the Doll coil her hair up on top of her head (Fig. 240) and fasten it in place with common pins (Fig. 241). Make the straight bang look as nearly as possible as though the hair were drawn up into a Pompadour such as was worn in Colonial times. Make the cap (Fig. 243) of thin white material cut like Fig. 242, and the band (Fig. 244) of the same color as the dress. Cut the thin white kerchief like Fig. Fig. 245.— Pattern of kerchief. Fig. 242.— Pattern of cap. Fig. 243.— The cap. Fig. 244. — Cap band. A Toy Colonial Kitchen 47 245, and fold it as in Fig. 246. Fig. 247 gives the design for the dress waist, and Fig. 248 the sleeve. The skirt is a straight piece gathered into a waist- band. The apron (Fig. 249) is white. When the doll is dressed it should resemble little Thankful Parker (Fig. 228). An S>oaK D Fig. 246.— Fold the kerchief like this. Old-Fashioned Flintlock Rifle Fig. 247. — Pattern of waist. with its long, slender barrel was used almost daily by our forefathers for securing game as food. The gun was kept hanging in plain sight over the kitchen mantel- piece, ready for de- fence at a moment's notice, for in those early days wolves and other wild ani- mals were numer- ous and dangerous, and enemies were also likely to appear at any time. You should have one of those queei old guns to adorn your kitchen wall. Get some heav}' tin- Fig. 250.— Lock and ^°^^ ^^ ^^^ ^"P ^^ ^ Fig. 25i.-Make this part of paste- band of tinfoil. bottle, or take a col- ''o^'"^- Fig. 248.— Pattern of sleeve. Fig. 249. — ^The apron. 48 Handicraft for Girls lapsible tube and from it cut a wide strip like Fig. 250, one narrow, straight strip and two medium-wide straiglit strips, four in all. Cut the butt end of the gun (Fig. 251) of stiff card- c; o board. Break a piece measuring: „. a • < a ^ » Fig. 252. — A pin for a ramrod. four and one-half inches from a common coarse steel knitting-needle for your gun-barrel and use a slender, round stick, or the small holder of a draughtsman's pen, cutting it a trifle more than three and one-half inches in length for the ramrod Fig. 253. — Slide the paper end in the wood like this. . _ \ fc>. y dasher through the lid. fit the lid in the chum (Fig. 275). A Toy Colonial Kitchen 57 Paint the churn and handle of dasher a light-yellow-brown wood color, the bands black, and when dry you can work the dasher up and down the same as if the churn were a real one. Stand the churn in your kitchen not far from the fire so that little Thankful may attend to the cooking while she is churning. The Tissue Paper Christinas Greens Look Very Natural. NEW CHRISTMAS DECORATIONS REATHES of the spiked leaf holly, branches of white ber- ried mistletoe and yards of evergreen rope can be made of tissue paper to look so natural ^t is difficult to believe Mother^ Nature did not provide the material Paper enough for the making of Christmas greens to decorate an ordi- nary room quite lavishly may be bought for fifty cents or less. One sheet of tissue paper v^ill make thirty-two holly leaves. One sheet of tissue paper will make a large bunch of mistletoe and one sheet of tissue paper will make one yard of evergreen rope. Complete success in this work depends largely upon the paper used and great care must be taken in selecting the colors. The quahty should be good, else it will lack the necessary crispness and staying properties. For the holly and evergreen choose a dark moss-green paper, which is a yellow green with no tinge of blue. For the mistletoe you must have a light gray-green, also of a yellow tone, a Hght cardinal red for the brilliant holly berries, white for the waxy mistletoe berries and dark gray-brown lor holly stems. One From " Things Worth Doing." Copyright, iqob, by Charles Scribncr's Sons. 59 60 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs sheet each of the red and white paper will probably be sufficient for all the berries you will want, and one sheet of gray-brown will answer for the stems. Besides the paper you must have a spool of fine wire or coarse thread for winding and some natural bare branches or twigs, or a roll of heavy bonnet wire for stems. Begin with the Holly and cut one sheet of the dark moss-green tissue paper in half (Fig. 395). Fold the half sheet according to the dotted lines through the middle and you will have Fig. 396. Fold Fig. 396 through the middle as shown by the dotted line and there will be Fig. 397. Bring the two ends of Fig. 397 together, folding at the dotted line, and it will give you Fig. 398. Again fold along the dotted central line and you will have Fig. 399. Fold through Fig. 396. — Fold the half sheet of paper. Fig. 395. — Cut a sheet of tissue paper in half. Fig. 397. — Fold again. New Christmas Decorations 61 ; ^s s ^ [ J % ^ Fig. 398.— Bring the ends together. F'g- 399-— Fold once more. the dotted line, for the last time and there will be an oblong, one and three-quarter inches wide by five inches long. With a soft lead pencil draw the outline of a half holly leaf after the pattern (Fig. 400), the fold of the paper forming the straight edge of the outhne. Cut along the pencil line, open the fold and there will be sixteen leaves like Fig. 401. The dotted line Fig. 400. — The paper is folded and leaf cut out like this. Fig. 401. — Sixteen leaves like this. 62 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs running lengthwise through the middle of the leaf shows where the paper was folded. Have a damp sponge ready and shghtly moisten the fingers of your right hand -on the sponge — never with your lips in handling green paper. Take one leaf in your left hand and with the moist fingers of your right hand twist each point of the leaf into a sharp spike, beginning at the top of the leaf as in Fig. 402. Twist the lower Fig. 402.— Begin at the top to twist the points, part of the leaf iuto a stexn (Fig. 403) and, refolding the leaf down the middle, pinch the underside of the fold to form the mid-rib, bringing your Fig. 403. — Pinch the underside to form the mid-rib. Fig. 404. — The finished leaf will look like this. New Christmas Decorations 63 two hands together and puffing the paper a httle as you do so (Fig. 403). The finished leaf should resemble Fig. 404. The crinkled appearance given by pinching and twisting adds much to the natural look of the leaf. You may vary the size, making some leaves smaller than others, but keep as nearly as possible to the pattern, for experiment has proved it to be a good one. Before putting your leaves on the stems make the Holly Berries, for they must be fastened on first. From your red tissue paper cut a number of pieces two and a half inches square, make a little ball of raw cotten a trifle larger Fig. 405. — Place the cotton in the centre of the paper. Fig. 406. — Draw the paper arouad the ball. Fig. 407. — Wrap the three stems together. Fig. 408. — Cut off the ragged ends. 64 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs Fig. 409. — Fasten the berries to the end of a twig. Fig. 410.— Beginning to wrap the st^m. Fig. 411. — The stem is wrapped with paper. Fig. 412. — Fasten the leaves to the stem. New Christmas Decorations 65 than a good sized pea and place it in the centre of one of the squares of paper (Fig. 405). Draw the paper up and around the ball, completely covering it, then twist the remainder of the paper into a stem (Fig. 406). Make three berries, twisting their stems as tightly as possible and bunch them. With your fine wire or thread, wrap the three stems closely together (Fig. 407) and cut off the ragged ends (Fig. 408). Take up a natural branch and wrap the stems of the berries to the end of a twig (Fig. 409). Cut a strip of the gray-brown paper half an inch wide and about four inches long, and, beginning close to the berries (Fig. 410), wrap the stem with the paper as shown in Fig. 411, Fasten three leaves ^'^' 413-— Place the other leaves about one inch apart. to the stem close to the berries as in Fig. 412, and place other leaves about one inch apart, alternating first on one side then on the other side of the stem (Fig. 413). When the holly is to be made into 66 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs Wreaths, the branches should not be large and a small wooden or wire hoop should form the foundation of the vreath. Upon this hoop the small branches of holly must be bound, overlapping one another and extending out beyond the hoop to form a gen- erous wreathe A bright red ribbon bow, fastened at the top of the holly wreath, gives it a still more realistic effect. For Mistletoe cut the gray-green tissue paper into pieces eight and one-half inches long by one and a half inches wide. Bring the two ends of a strip together, folding through the middle, to form the oblong Fig. 414. — Bring the two ends of the strip together. Fig. 415 — Cut out the mistletoe leaf in this way. (Fig. 414). Fold Fig. 414 lengthwise through the middle along the dotted line and on it draw the outline of half of a mistletoe leaf, with the straight edge on the long fold and the stem end on Fig. 416. — The twin leaves. the short fold of the paper (Fig. 415). Cut along this outline, open the folds and you will have twin leaves like Fig. 416. Bring the two open leaves together and twist the connecting part into New Christinas Decorations 61 Fig. 417. — Twist the connecting part into a stem. Fig. 418. — Nestle a couple of berries in between two leaves. a stem like Fig. 417. Make a number of white mistletoe berries according to the directions given for the red holly berries and wrap them together in pairs; then nestling a couple close in between two leaves (Fig. 418) wrap them on the stem. The Stems of the mistletoe should be very irregular and branching, and it may be necessary to make them of bonnet wire in order to pro- duce the proper shape. Fig. 419 shows the branching irregular stem and the position of leaves and berries. Some of the twigs should be left bare, as they are so often on the natural mistletoe branch. Fasten on the leaves and berries by wrapping with fine wire and then cover the stems with strips of the gray-green tissue paper, wrapping it as directed in making the holly branch. The only difference being that while the holly stem is wrapped with paper only far enough to cover the red stems of the berries and the leaves are put on afterwards, the mistletoe leaves must be 68 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs fastened on with the berries and the entire stem then covered with the paper. You will remember that the stems of the natural Fig. 419. — Put the leaves and berries on the stem. mistletoe are as pale in color as the leaves, so no dark wood must show in your branch. Hang your bunch of mistletoe from the chandelier and you will find that no one will stop to examine it too closely, and the Christmas games can be played just as merrily under the paper as under the real mistletoe. There now remains but the Ropes of Evergreen to complete the time-honored Christmas decorations. Fold a sheet of the dark moss-green tissue paper crosswise, then fold again and you will have an oblong a Httle less than four New Christmas Decorations 69 inches wide and the length of the paper's width. Press the folds down flat and cut them open with a paper knife, then, keeping the strips together, fold crosswise through the middle; again Fig. 420. — Cut this oblong into a fringe. Fig. 421. — ^Begin the evergreen rope in this way. fold crosswise through the middle and there will be an oblong like Fig. 420. Cut this oblong into a fringe, bringing the slits to within one inch of the top edge and making each strip not more than one- quarter of an inch wide (Fig. 420). Unfold and Fig. 422. — The evergreen rope is made like this. separate four pieces to loosen the fringe, then place the top edges of the four pieces together once more and, taking a long piece of strong twine, curl the right hand upper comer of the heading of 70 Things for Home, Gift Days and Fairs the fringe over the twine near the end (Fig. 421). From this start to wrap the fringe around and around the twine forming the rope shown in Fig. 422. When you have almost reached the ends of the first four strips of fringe, paste the ends of the headings of four more strips on to the first and continue to wrap as before. In this way you may make your evergreen rope as long as you wish. There is just one word of caution which must go with the assurance of the real beauty of these Christmas decorations and that is: Remember to hang your wreaths and ropes where they will not be exposed to the flames of gas, candle or lamp, for while they are scarcely more inflammable than the natural greens, it is not well to take any risks and neither is it at all necessary. With this in mind your rooms may be inexpensively, prettily and safely decorated with the tissue paper Christmas greens. AN INDIAN ENCAMPMENT Take for Indian encampment for your very own ! A wigwam, camp-fire, Indian travois, blan- ket-weaving loom, gorgeous feathered head-di-ess, bow, arrows and shield, tomahawk, wampum, and a little cop- per-colored papoose in its funny stiff cradle, hanging on a tree entirely alone ! Does not all that sound delightful? The complete scene can actually be made to appear in your room at home. The Ground a common pastry-board or any kind of board of the desired size — about nineteen by twenty-six inches — and for grass cover one side and the four edges of the board with a piece of light-green cotton flannel stretched tight, fleece side up, and tacked to the under side of the board. Sprinkle sand and small stones on the grass at one side of the wigwam, to show w^here the grass has been worn off by the tramping of the Indians, the bronco pony, and the dog, for all Indians possess dogs of some description. If you have a toy dog of suitable size, stand him by the fire where he will be com- fortable. Before the red men owned horses, a dog was al- ways used to drag the travois, and to this day the braves care as much for a dog as does any pale-faced boy — which From " Recreations /or Girls." Copyright, IQ04., IQ06, by Charles Scribtter s Sous. 71 72 Handicraft for Girls is saying much, for a white boy and any kind of a dog make devoted friends and comrades. Now that we have our camping-ground, the first thing we must do is to Put Up the Wigwam for shelter. Draw an eight-inch diameter circle on the grass near one end of the ground. Fold a strip of paper lengthwise, stick a pin through one end of the paper and drive it down into the board where you wish the centre of the circle, push the point of a lead pencil ^ through the other end of the paper four inches from the pin; keep the pin steady while you move the pencil around many times until a circle appears plainly on the grass (Fig. 167). Cut twelve slender sticks eleven inches long and sharpen the heavy end of each into a flat point (Fig. 168). The sticks must be straight, for they are wigwam-poles. Tie three poles together two inches from their tops and spread out the sharpened ends at nearly equal distances apart Fig. 167. — Home-made compass; Fig. 168. — Pole sharpened to flat point. on the circle line ; mark the spots where they rest and bore gimlet-holes in each place through the cloth into the wood. Enlarge each hole with a penknife and insert the poles, push- ing the sharpened points down firmly into the holes (Fig. 169). Add seven more poles around the circle, keeping the spaces between all about even. Sink these last poles in the ground as you did the first three ; then tie the tops together An Indian Encampment 73 around the first three poles, and you will have the wig- wam frame-work of ten poles standing strong and firm. Make the cover of un- bleached or brown-tinted cotton cloth cut like Fig. 170. Mark the curved lower edge with the home- made compass used for the grass circle. Fasten the pin and pencil in the paper strip nine and one-half in- ches apart ; draw almost a Fig. 169. — First three poles planted firmly in edge of circle for wigwam. Fig. 170. — Cover for wigwam. 74 Handicraft for Girls half circle, then an inch and a half from the spot A (Fig. 170), where the pin is stationed, begin to cut the opening for the top of the wigwam poles, B (Fig. 170). Slash the point C in as far as D, sew pieces of cloth over the points E and E, leaving the opening at dotted lines to form pockets for the smoke-poles. Cut two rows of little holes on each side of the upper part of the wigwam to run the pinsticks through when fastening the wigwam together (Fig. 171). Now comes the fun of decorating the cover. Pin the cloth out flat and smooth, and paint in brilliant red, yellow, black, green, white, and blue the designs given in Fig. 170. When finished, fit the cover over the wigwam-poles and with short, slender sticks pin the fronts together. Peg the lower edge down to the ground with short black pins and slide a pole in each pocket of the smoke-flaps E and E (Fig. 170). Bring the poles around and cross them at the back of the wigwam. As you do this you will exclaim with delight at the result, for the little wigwam will be very realistic. In front of your wigwam or tepee Build a Make-Believe Fire of bits of orange and scarlet tissue-paper mixed in with short twigs, and then you must manufacture something to cook in. Bore a hole in the ground near the fire and fit in the fire^pole, making it slant over to one side and hang directly above the fire. Place a stone over the embedded end of the pole to keep it firm. Suspend an acorn kettle or any little kettle of the right size for the Indians to use on the pole and the camp will begin to look cosey for the red men to enjoy. Hunt up a jointed doll about five inches high, paint it copper color, ink its hair, and the oil will be a fairly An Indian Encampment 75 Good Indian. If you can find a Zulu doll of the required size, with long, straight black hair, and give him a wash of dull red paint, ^Sgc o'A Fig. 171. — Wigwam with make-believe camp-fire. you can turi/t' im into a fine Indian. Failing these dolls, make an Indian doll of dull red raffia or cloth. This you 16 Hmtdicraft for Girls can do if you try, and remember to have your red man a lit- tle more slender than store dolls ; most of these are rather too stout to make good Indians. Real chiefs like Turning Eagle, Swift Dog, Crazy Bull, and others, wore gor- geous feather head- dresses, and gloried in the strange war bonnets, not because they were gay and startling, but for the reason that each separate feather in the head-band meant that the owner had per- formed a brave deed of which the tribe was proud, and the greater the number of brave deeds the greater the number of feathers; consequently the longer the bonnet-trail. This explains the real meaning of the common ex- pression, "A feather in 3^our cap." Your Indian must be a mighty chief and will need a very long- trailing War Bonnet, Cut the head-dress like Fig. 172 of white paper. Paint all the paper horse-hair tips on the paper eagle feathers red, the tops of the feathers black, and the band in which they are fastened yellow, red, and green, leaving white spaces between the colors (Fig. 173). Cut out, then turn the end of the band F (Fig. 172) until the loop fits the Indian's head, and glue the end of the loop on the strip An Indian Encampment 11 Fig. 173. — ^Indian war bonnet. (Fig. 173). Paste fringed yellow paper around each of the chieftain's feet, fringed edge uppermost, to serve as moccasins. ■ Part the Indian's hair at the back, bring the two divisions in front, one on each side of the head, and wind each with scarlet worsted as the real Indian wears his hair, then wrap around your red man a soft, dull- colored cloth extend- ing from the waist to the knees. Pin the drapery in place and the chief will be ready to take charge of his bronco pony, which may be any toy horse you happen to pos- sess. The horse in the illustration is an ordinary cloth toy. Red men are not fond of remaining long in one place, and naturally your Indian will soon want to break camp and carry his belongings else- where. Help him prepare by making 78 Handicraft for Girls A Travois. You will need four slender poles, two fifteen and one-half inches long, one five and one-half and another six and one- half inches long. Bind the six-and-a-half-inch pole across the two long poles four inches from their heavy ends; fas- ten the five-and-a-half-inch pole across the long poles two and one-half inches above the first cross-piece. Instead of Fig. 175- — Travois ready for camping outfit. thongs of buffalo hide, such as the real red man would use, take narrow strips of light-brown cloth to form the rude net-work over the space bounded by the four poles. Tie the top ends of the long poles together (Fig. 174), then tie the travois to the horse, as in Fig. 175. In most of these conveyances the thongs- are tied across one way only, from short pole to short pole, forming a ladder-like arrangement. A chief must always have his An Indian Encampment 79 Calumet, or " pipe of peace," to smoke and pass around the council circle, when all the leaders of the different tribes meet to talk over important matters concerning H the welfare of their people. Real calu- mets are generally large and of goodly length, some of them being four feet long. They are made of dull-red stone, which, when first cut from the large mass, is soft Id D d J Fig. 176. — Different parts of straw calumet. enough to be carved out with a knife ; later the pipe be- comes hard and capable of receiving a polish. But as the red stone is not within our reach, we must use dull red- colored straw for the calumet. Soak the straw in hot water Fig. 177. — Calumet finished. to render it less brittle. Then cut a three-inch length piece ; make a hole in it a short distance from one end (Fig. 176, G) and insert a three-quarter inch length of straw for the pipe bowl (Fig. 176, H). For the mouthpiece take a 80 Handicraft for Girls half-inch length of white straw (Fig. 176, I), and slide it in the other end of the pipe. Glue both bowl and mouth- piece in place and decorate the calumet with red, green, and white silk floss tied on the pipe stem (Fig. 177). K (DO The Tomahawk must not be forgotten. Soak a stick two and one-half inches long in hot water; when it is pliable, split an end down one inch, no more (Fig. 178, J), and in true Indian fashion bind a stone hatchet (Fig. 178, K) between the split sides of the stick handle with thongs of hide. Whittle the little hatchet from a piece of wood, cover it with glue, then with sand. When dry it will be difficult for others to believe that the im- plement is not of real stone. Instead of thongs use thread (Fig. 179). Fig. 178. — Handle and hatchet for tom- ahawk. Fig. 179. — Toma- hawk ready for use. The Chieftain's Shield is of hide taken from the neck of the bull bison ; the, piece must be twice the required size for a finished shield to allow for the necessary shrink- age. Over a fire built in a hole in the ground the skin is stretched and pegged down. When heated, it is covered with a strong glue made from the hoofs and joints of the bison, which causes the hide to contract and thicken. As this process goes on the pegs are loosened and again ad- An Indian Encampment 81 justed until the skin ceases to contract and absorb the glue. Then the hide is much smaller and thicker than at first. When it has slowly cooled, the skin is cut into a circle and Fig. 1 80. — Diagram for shield. decorated. Though pliable, the shield is strong enough to ward off blows from arrows or spears. Bison hide is something you cannot obtain, so take writing paper for the shield. Cut it into a circle an inch and a half in di- ameter, with an exten- sion for the handle (Fig. 180). Glue the free end of the handle on the opposite side of the back of the shield. Make ten pa- per eagle feathers (Fig. 181), hang seven on the bottom of the shield with red Fig. 182. — Decorated Indian shield. ^' Fig. 181. Eagle feather of paper, thread, after first 82 Handicraft for Girls decorating the centre of the shield with given designs and the edge with colored bands, using any or all of the follow- ing colors, but no others : positive red, blue for the sky, green for the grass, yellow for the sun, white for the clouds and snow, and black. To the Indian color is a part of religion. Purple, pinks, and some other colors, the red man, loyal to his beliefs, can never bring himself to use. Attach two of the remaining feathers at the top and another on the centre of the shield, as shown in Fig. 182. The Indian makes his Arrow-heads of triangular flakes of flint chipped from a stone held be- tween his knees and struck with a rude stone hammer. The pieces knocked off are carefully examined, and only those without flaws are kept. Stones for arrow-heads must be very hard. When found, the red men bur}' them in wet ground and build fires over them, causing the stones to show all cracks and checks. This enables the arrow-maker to discard those unfitted for his work. Though you cannot make a real flint arrow- head, you can manufacture a toy one. Take a piece of stiff pasteboard and cut it like Fig. 183. Let the length be a trifle over half an Fig. 183.— Paper inch. Covcr the arrow-head all over with a arrow- . Y\^i coat of glue, then dip it in sand, and the arrow-head will come out as if made of stone. Were it actually hard stone and large size you would be obliged, as the Indians do, to trim and shape more perfectly the point and edges of the arrow-head. You would hold a pad of buckskin in your left hand to protect it from the sharp flint, and on your right hand would be a piece of dressed An Indian Encamp^nent 83 hide to guard it from the straight piece of bone, pointed on the end, which you would use to strike off little bits of stone along both edges, working cautiously as you neared the point in or- der not to break it. But such work will not be needed on your arrow-head. For The Shaft Fig. 184. — ^Insert ar- row-head in shaft. Fig. 185. — Arrow- head and shaft bound together. hunt up a piece of wood strong and straight. Cut it three in- ches in length, remove the bark and scrape the wood until it is about the thickness of an ordi- nary match. Notch one end and split the other end down one- quarter of an inch, insert the arrow-head (Fig. 184), then bind the shaft and head together with thread (Fig. 185), in place of the wet sinew an Indian would use for a real arrow, after T he had first fastened the head in the shaft with glue from buffalo hoofs. Cut three paper feather strips (Fig. .186), each an inch in length, paint black bands on them,bendatdotted line and glue the feathers on the shaft one-quarter of an inch from the notch, allowing them to stand out at angles equally distant from each other (Fig. 187). Bind the Fig. 187. V\ j^ Fig. 186.— Paper feather for arrow. 84 Handicraft for Girls extensions L and M (Fig. i86) to the shaft, and tie tufts of white and red worsted on immediately above the feathers to help in finding the arrow (Fig. i88). Paint the shaft in brilliant colors. Almost any kind of wood that has a spring will make A Good Bow for your little Indian. Cut the piece of wood four inches long and an eighth of an inch wide. Scrape it flat on one side and slightly rounded on A the other, notch the stick /n\ at each end, wind the cen- tre with red worsted and paint the bow in bright hues (Fig. 189). Tie a strong thread in one notch and bring it across to the other notch ; tighten until it bends the bow centre half an inch from the straight thread ; tie the thread around the notch (Fig. 190). Now try the wee weapon ; hold it verti- cally and shoot the little arrow into the air. It will fly very swiftly away, land- ing many yards from where you stand. Make the bow case (Fig. 192) of ordinary wrapping paper cut like Fig. 191, three and a half inches long and two and a half inches wide. Fig. 188.— Fin- ished arrow. Fig. 189. — ^Bow ready for string. Fig. 190. Bow string. An Indian Encampment 85 Fig. 192. — Bow case finished. Fold the paper lengthwise through the centre and glue the sides together along the dotted lines; then fringe the edge up to the dotted line and decorate with gay paint. Dress the joint- ed (doll squaw in a fringed ■ Chamois-Skin Gown ; fold the skin and let one half form the front, the other half the back. Cut the garment like the half N, in Fig. 193, stitch the sides together, stitch the Fig. 191.— cut bow case like this. under part of the sleeves together and fringe both sleeves and bottom of the dress (O, Fig, 193). Belt the gown in with scarlet worsted and load the squaw down with strands of colored beads ; then seat her, on the grass (Fig. 194) while you make the primitive loom for her to use in weaving one of the famous Navajo Blankets. Paint a two by four inch piece of white cotton cloth with a blanket design in red and black, with white Fig. 193. — Squaw's chamois dress. 86 Handicraft for Girls between the markings, and pin it securely on a board (Fig-, 195). Tie stones to a pole six inches in length (Fig. 196) ; with long stitches fasten the stone-weighted Fig. 194. — Squaw doll make-believe weaving Navajo blanket on primitive loom. pole to the bottom edge of the painted cloth blanket (Fig. 197). Two inches above the blanket attach a six-inch pole to the board with pins and use a coarse needle and heavy thread to make the warp. Run the thread through the An Indian Encampment 87 wrong side of the blanket and up around the pole. Cross it on the under side of the long thread (P, Fig. 197) which extends from blanket to pole. Carry the thread along the pole a short distance, ^'«- ^95.-In(iian blanket pinned on board. loop it over (Q, Fig. 197) and bring the thread down through the right side of the blanket. Take a long stitch and again \~-Z. ■z;^ Fig. 196. — Stones tied to pole for bottom of loom. carry the thread up over the pole. Continue until the warp is entirely across the blanket. Pin another pole six and a Fig. 197. — ^Building primitive loom. 88 Handicraft for Girls half inches long, three-quarters of an inch above the top pole, and fasten the two poles together by tying loops of string across from one to the other (Fig. 198). Make the loom frame of two seven-inch poles four and a half inches apart and crossed at the top by another seven- inch pole, the three firmly tied together and made to stand erect on the grass by planting the two upright poles in holes ■% ^ ^-~ -7^ Fig. 198. — Primitive loom ready for frame. bored through the cloth grass into the board ground. Hang the loom on this frame by winding a narrow strip of cloth loosely around the top of the frame and top of loom (Fig. 194). Find a stout, short-branched twig for The Tree (Fig. 199). Sharpen the bottom and drive it into a hole in An Indian Encampment 89 the ground. For the foliage cut a fringe of soft green and olive-brown tissue-paper folded lengthwise in strips. Crimp the strips with a blade of the scissors, then open out the fringe ; gather each one through the centre, give the paper Fig. 199. — Natural twig and tissue-paper tree. a twist, and the two ends will form bunches of foliage. Work the twisted centre of one piece down into a ci'ack at the top of the tree. Over across this at right angles in another opening, fit in the second twist of paper foliage and 90 Handicraft for Girls crown all with a bunch standing upright as shown at Fig. 199. A solemn Little Papoose bound in its stiff cradle is one of the drollest things imagin- able. Paint a small doll copper color, make its hair black, and bind the baby in a cradle cut from brown pasteboard (Fig. 200). Cut along heavy line and bend forward the H Fig. 20o.-^The little papoose you can make. Cradle for papoose. tongue R along the dotted line, bring the strap S across and glue the end on the under side of the cradle ; then line the cradle with white tissue-paper and place the Indian child on it; spread a piece of vivid red tissue-paper over the in- fant, bringing the sides of the cover on the under side of the cradle, where you must glue them. Fold over the lower end of the paper and glue that also on the back of the cradle. Paint the cradle and portions of the cover white, green, black, and yellow (Fig. 200) ; then hang the cradle and baby An Indian E^tcamprnent 91 on the limb of the tree (Fig. 199), where the little papoose will be safe while his squaw-mother works at her weaving. The red men use queer money which they call Wampum. It is made of shells found usually along the borders of rivers and lakes. The Indians cut the thick part of the shell into cylinders about an inch long, bore holes length- wise through the centres and string them like beads on fine, strong sinews (Fig. 201), but this money is not as pretty as glass beads, for it resembles pieces of common clay pipe stems. A certain number of hand-breadths of wampum will buy a gun, a skin, a robe, or a horse, and when presented by one chief to another the wampum means good-will and peace. Of course, you will want to supply your Indians with their own kind of money. You can string the wampum into a neck- lace and decorate the strand with eagle claws, bright beads, and tufts of gay worsted. Find some beads much smaller, but as near as possible in color and form Buff^ioTikw to real wampum, and string them with cut from , , 1 r 1 . wood, tmy eagle claws made of wood cut like Fig. 202, only smaller. Paint the claws very dark gray, almost black, and bore a hole through the heavy end with a hat-pin heated red hot. The claws will then string easily and give quite a savage appearance to the necklace (Fig. 203). Let the colored worsted tufts, which must take the -place of hair, be bright-red, and the strands of round Fig. 201. Wampum, Indian money. Fig. 202. 92 Handicraft for Girls beads on each side of the necklace of various colors (Fig. 203). Indians when they cannot obtain beads use gayly colored porcupine quills for their embroidery. You need not try the embroidery, but be sure to make the entire Indian encampment with everything- pertaining to it. Fig. 203. — Indian necklace of wampum, eagle claws, tufts of hair, and bone beads. PICTURE WRITING AND SIGN LANGUAGE HE next best thing to seeing one's friends is hearing from them, and the more interesting the letter the greater the en- joyment, particularly when the communication is intend- ed to be passed around the entire home circle. There is a delightful way in which to express yourself differently from ordinary writing, a method used by the early Egyptians, called picture writing. The Egyptian pictures were not at all like those made by modern artists ; their representations were crude and unfin- ished, yet they answered very well for the people and the times. You have advantages over those ancient people inasmuch as you need not even attempt to draw the designs. All that is necessary for you to do is merely to look over the newspaper and magazine advertisements, select the prints needed, and after cutting out and pasting them on a sheet of paper, with a few connecting words between, you will have produced an odd, interesting letter, and the work will be pure fun. Fig. 572 gives an idea of such a letter, supposed to have been written on Thanksgiving. Try to read it. For From " What a Girl Can Make and Do." Copyright, /Q02, by Charles Scribner' s Sons. 93 94 What a Girl Can Make 2) lOA. jdeMc^ Good Food J C:Ai- ft^U ^^ (Myic 14/uA'tyi^, 'cnyU x"^"^ P^^^ °^ ^^® white man to translate. (n"*^ Some of the best examples are to be and return. sccn on sandstone in Dakota County, ■o-^ Picture IVriting and Sign Language 97 Neb., where there are hundreds of sketches. One of the most distinguished of Indian artists or historians is said ^=^=^ /=^=\ /===\ -^ Three Sleeps. ■^> War. Man. Buffalo. Turkey Tracks. t™ Peace. f > \z: Elk. Direction. ■yj/nv'y^ Bird. ti 1=^ Coffee. Cow. Plenty. Papoose. Hunt. Bear. Relationship. Youth. Fig. 574- to have been Lone Dog, of Yankton, Dak., who made most of his pictures on skins. Neither stones nor skins 98 What a Girl Can Make will answer your purpose; ordinary paper is more con- venient and will be as fully appreciated if you use thought and care in drawing and composing your message. Make simple, rude pictures of different objects, borrowing the Indian's idea but adapting it to your needs. Fig. 573 gives an example of a girl's powwow letter. You may invent as many designs as you choose, that will be part of the fun of Indian writing. Fig. 574 shows some of the signs needed. A Letter of Colors is something entirely new ; it should be composed of thoughts embodied in colors, without alphabet, words, or pictures- nothing but brush strokes of delicate pinks, tender greens, soft grays, deep orange, rich purples, and all the many and varied tones, tints, shades, and hues known to m.an. The following example, being fully interpreted, will initiate you in color meanings and composition : Light Scarlet. My Dear Friend : Light tone of yellow. Drab. Blue. Red brown. I am glad you have thought out the truth. My interest in Scarlet red. Mjrrtle green. Orange. Different tones of yellow. and friendship for Nature is gaining strength. I travel miles Variety of color flecks in rows, for the flowers. Yellow pink. Your enthusiastic Scarlet. Friend.- The name signed at the close of the letter need be the only writing. A list is given of the meaning of some of the colors, but you will probably need more ; work out the extra combinations for yourself. The system being once under- stood it will not be a difficult task. Picture Writing and Sign Language 99 Rich red — Love or loved one. Red brown — Interest in or for. Orange — Strength, force. Indigo — Wisdom. Blue — Truth. Green — Life, freshness, youth. Yellow pink — Enthusiasm. Blue pink — Politeness. Gray — Doubts, fears. White — Intelligence, light, innocence. Black — Ignorance, darkness, night. Bright yellow — Joy, gladness, sunlight, day. Drab — Thought. Scarlet — Friendship. Myrtle green — Nature. Different tones of yellow grouped together — Travel, motion. Brown in solid squares — Rocks. Blue and green in horizontal lines — Water. Brown and green in horizontal lines — Summer. Brown and black in horizontal lines — Winter. Color dashes in wedge shape, variety denoted by colors used — Birds. Pink — Acquaintance. Mingled flecks in a row of any color or colors with green denotes one or more variety of flowers. Green in long perpendicular dashes — Trees. Tints may include the personal pronouns I, my, me, or mine. Shades may include the pronoun you or your. THANKSGIVING. to Pagan ancestors in far-away coun- tries, but to our own Pilgrim Fathers do we trace the origin of Thanks- giving Day — as purely American as our Independence Day. Instituted by William Bradford, the Governor of Plymouth, and first observed by the Puritans, who, suffering from hunger and privation, were truly thankful when the first harvest brought them the means of support for the approaching winter, it has come to us as " the religious and social festival that con- verts every family mansion into a family meeting-house." The pleasant New England custom of the gathering together of families to celebrate Thanksgiving is now observed in most of our States. From far and near they come, filling the cars with merry family parties, who chatter away of anticipated pleasures to be found in the old home. Little children taught to lisp grandma and grandpa are instructed by their mammas not to be afraid of the old gentleman who will meet them at the depot, nor the dear old lady who waits with open arms at the door of grandpa's house. Children old enough to know what a Thanksgiving at grand- pa's is like are wild with delight at the prospect before them. From " The American Girl's Handy Book." Copyright, iSSj, iSgS, by Charles Scribner's Sons. lOO Thanksgiving. 101 Their eyes brighten at the thought of the great pantry where grandma keeps her doughnuts and cookies ; of the cellar with its bins of sweet and juicy apples ; of the nuts and popcorn, all of which taste so much nicer at grandma's than anywhere else. And then what fun the games will be which they will play with cousins, who, though rather shy at first, will soon make friends. The lovely young aunties, too, who help grandma entertain all these guests, will join in the games and sug- gest and carry out schemes of amuse- ments which the chil- dren would never think of. What a happy holiday it is, how so- cial and pleasant and comfortable and easy ! How near and dear all the bright faces gathered around the long table at the Thanksgiving-dinner, seem to be. Truly, we should all be thankful that we have a Thanksgiving. However, this chapter is not written merely to generalize upon the pleasures of the day, but in order that we may offer One Little Indian. 102 Autumn. something new, in the way of amusement, which will add to the fund of merriment on this oc- casion. The series of Impromptu Burlesque Tableaux Pilgrim's Spectacles. illustrating some of the principal events in our history will be ap- propriate for this national holiday, and m^'U prove a mirth- provoking enter- tainment. When two rooms are connected by folding -doors, a whole room may be used for the stage. In this case no curtains are necessary, as the doors take their place, and, for im- promptu tableaux, answer very well. When there are no such connecting rooms, one end of a large room can be curtained off with sheets, or any kind of drapery, sus- pended from a rope or wire stretched from one wall to the other. Patterns of Pilgrim Father's Hat and Collar. It is best to keep the audience as Thanksgiving. 103 far away from this improvised stage as the room will admit of, for distance greatly assists the effect. Landing of the Pilgrims. Tableau i. — The good ship Mayflower has just touched Plymouth Rock. Pilgrim Father stands upon the rock, and reaches down to help Pilgrim Mother to land. A number of Indians sit upon the edge of the rock, fishing unconcern- Z^-^^^^?^ edly over the side, while the Pilgrims take possession. In the ship Pilgrim children are standing, with outstretched arms, waiting to be taken ashore. COSTUMES. Pilgrim FATHfeR. — Cape, a broad- brimmed, high-crowned hat and large, white collar, over ordinary boy's dress, spectacles — cut from black paper (Fig. 200). The cape m.ay be of any mate- rial, so that it is of a dark color. The hat can be made by cutting from stiff brown paper a crown (Fig. 20i), fitting it around the crown of an ordinary flat-brimmed hat, bringing it into a conical shape, and pinning it in place (Fig. 202). The brim should be cut from the same paper in a large circle (Fig. 203), the hole in the centre being just large enough to fit nicely around the crown, over which it is slipped, and pushed down until it rests upon the real hat-brim (Fig. 204). The paper brim should be about seven inches wide, and the crown nine Costume of Pilgrim Father. 104 AtifMmn, Manner of Making Pilgrim lAother's Cap. inches high; Figure 205 is the pattern of collar, which can be made of white paper or mus- lin. Pilgrim Mother. — Full, plain skirt, white kerchief, small white cap, and large specta- cles. A gen- tleman's linen handkerchief, put around the neck and crossed over the bosom, answers for a kerchief. The cap, too, can be made of a large handkerchief in this way. Fold the handkerchief in the manner shown in Fig. 206 ; lay it flat upon a table, and turn the folded corners over as in Fig. 207 ; turn up the bottom edge over the other, and roll over about three times (Fig. 208) ; take the handkerchief up by the ends and the cap (Fig. 209) is made. Children. — The young Pil- grims' costumes are like the others, on a smaller scale, but they wear no spectacles. Indians. — Bright-colored shawls for blankets, and feather- dusters for head-dresses. The duster is tied on to the back of Costume of Pilgrim Mother. Thmtksgiving. 105 the Indian's neck with a ribbon which passes under the chin, and the shawl is placed over the handle, partially covering the head and enveloping the figure. PROPERTIES. The ship is a large wash-tub, which is placed in the centre of the stage; its sail is a towel, fastened with pins to a stick, the stick being tied to a broom, as shown in illustration. It is held aloft by one of the children in the tub. Plymouth Rock is a table, occupy- ing a position near the tub. On top of it is a chair, placed on its side to give an uneven surface, and over both chair and table is thrown a gray table-cover. The fishing-poles of the In- dians are walking- canes with strings tied to the ends. m'mllll|iinii The Good Ship Mayflower. First Harvest. Tableau 2.— Pilgrim fam- ilies, grouped in the centre of the stage, examining an ear of corn and rejoicing over their first harvest. PROPERTIES. A broom, upon which is tied one ear of dried corn, or popcorn, it doesn't matter which, and if neither is to be had, an imitation ear of corn can be made by -oiling paper into the 106 Autmnn. rig. 210.— Paper Ear of Corn. Fig. 211 Pattern for Outside Husks of Corn. Fig. 212. - Ear o Corn Finished. shape of Fig. 2io, cutting husks after the pattern Fig. 2ii, and putting them together hke Fig. 212. The broom is held erect, with the handle resting on the floor, by Pilgrim Father. Devastation by the Indians. Tableau 3. — A long table reaches across centre of stage ; upon it are empty dishes, and the remains of a feast. At each end and at back of table are grouped the Indians, who are gnawing large turkey-bones and eating huge pieces of bread and pie. The Pilgrim family stand at each side, and view with horror the destruc- tion of their dinner. PROPERTIES. The table is a board placed across the backs of two chairs. In the centre of the table is a large pie-plate, with only a very small piece of pie remaining in it ; most of The Corn-field. the Other dishcs are empty. Thanksgiving. 107 The Revolution. Tableau 4. — This is represented by the revolution of a wheel. Pilgrim Mother stands in the centre of the stage, at a spinning-wheel, which is set in motion just as the curtain is parted. PROPERTIES. If a real spinning-wheel cannot be obtained, a velocipede, baby-carriage, or child's wagon, turned upside down, will answer I k)mlii The Spinning-wheel. the purpose. In the illustration the curtain has been made transparent, to show how the two back wheels of a velocipede 108 Autumn. are disposed of/ A broom is fastened in an upright position to the velocipede, and on the handle is tied a piece of gray linen (a handkerchief will do), to represent flax. A string tied to the linen is held by Pilgrim Mother. The curtain must be dropped before the wheel ceases to revolve. Slavery. Tableau 5- — Pilgrim Mother is bending over a wash-tub, with sleeves rolled up to shoulders, washing ; a great pile of clothes lies on the floor at her side ; she looks angrily at the Pilgrim Father, who sits opposite to her with his legs crossed, calmly reading a newspaper.* PROPERTIES. The tub used for the ship, placed on two chairs ; a wash- board and a pile of clothes, white predominating. A rocking- chair for the Pilgrim Father, Rebellion. Tableau 6. — Pilgrim Mother stands in defiant attitude, fac- ing Pilgrim Father, who has just arisen from his chair. The tub and one of the chairs upon which it stands are tipped over, and the clothes are scattered about. properties. Same as in preceding tableau. Peace and Plenty. Tableau 7. — Table extending across the centre of stage is heaped with all sorts of edibles — whole pumpkins, vegetables, * Of course we all know that our Pilgrim fathers did not have the daily papers, but this fact makes it the more absurd. Thanksgiving. 109 fruit, and flowers. At one end of the festive board stands Pil- grim Father, at the other Pilgrim Mother, smiling at each other. s The Festive Board. Pilgrim Father holds a long carving-knife, as though about to carve a large pumpkin in H front of him. Pil- grim Mother is in the act of cutting a huge pie. At the back of the table are ranged the Pil- grim children, each holding outstretched an empty plate, waiting to be served, and all smiling. At each side of the stage, extending to the front, is a line of Indians Side View. Back View. Fig. 213. — Pumpkin Lantern. sitting on the floor, '"moking the pipes of peace. The Indians also are smiling. PROPERTIES. Table same as in Tableau 3 : Dishes, fruit, and vegetables. The Indians' pipes are canes with bent handles. If, in arranging the stage, clothes-horses, with drapery thrown no Autumn. over them, are placed at the back, they will not only form a back- ground for the pictures presented, but the space behind makes a nice dressing-room or retiring-place for those taking part. Pumpkin lan- terns, set in a row on the floor just inside the curtain, will be funny substi- tutes for foot- lights. They will decorate the stage appropri- ately, and at the same time be quite safe. Fig. 213 shows how they are made. The face is not cut through, but the features are scraped thin enough to allow the light inside to make them visible. If they were cut, as in ordinary pumpkin lanterns, the light would shine out from instead of on to the stage. The Game of the Headless Turkey. A1„„„« -MU 4-4- i.' Silhouette of the Headless Turkey, large silhouette, representing a headless turkey, is cut from black, or dark colored paper-muslin, and fastened upon a sheet stretched tightly across a door-way. To each member of the party is given a pin and a muslin head, which, if rightly placed, will fit Thanksgiving. Ill the turkey. Then, one at a time, the players are blind-folded and placed at the end of the room opposite the sheet. After turning them around three times one way, then three times the other, they are started off to search for the turkey, that they may pin the head where they suppose it belongs. When the person going blindly about the room comes in contact with anything, no matter what, be it chair, table, wall, door, or another player, she must pin the turkey-head to the object touched. To the person who comes nearest to placing the head in its true place, a prize of a gilded wish-bone, tied to a card with a ribbon, is given. And she who makes the least suc- cessful effort is presented with a turkey-feather, which she must stick in her hair and wear for the remainder of the even- ing. A Suggestion. Amid all these bright and happy thoughts of feasting and merrymaking, comes an idea, so gently, yet persistently, forcing itself upon my notice, that it finally assumes the form of a def- inite plan which I will put to you in the form of a suggestion. At this time, when, thinking over the numerous blessings, that most of you find to be thankful for, how would it do, girls, to form a society among yourselves, to be called the Thanksgiving Society, whose object will be to provide a real Thanksgiving for other and less fortunate girls, by giving them something to be thankful for before next year's Thanksgiving shall arrive ? There need be no formality about the society. The only necessary officer will be a secretary, to keep a record of what is done by the society, individually and collectively ; which report the secretary will read at the grand annual meeting on Thanks- giving Day, 112 Autumn. Many girls, young, like yourselves, to whom it is just as natural to be glad and happy, have little to make them so, and to bring some brightness into their lives would indeed be worth forming a society for. There are various ways in which kindness may be done these girls, and so many avenues will open to those seeking to benefit them, that it is needless to attempt any instruction as to what work maybe performed by the society ; if this suggestion is adopted, I know it will be safe to leave it to the quick sym- pathy and warm hearts of the girls to do the right thing at the right moment. What think you, girls, would it not be worth while to make of this last Thursday of November a Thanks- giving for others as well as for yourselves ? and would not your own pleasures be doubly enhanced when sweetened with the thought of having done what you could to make someone else happy ? CAMPING OUT IN YOUR BACK YARD HO is ready to go out on a camping ex- pedition to Make- Believe Land? It is a wild land, full of wild creatures ^"'"° if you choose to believe in them. Cats you will probably meet on the trail, and they are wild ones if you will. Wolves, too, may prowl around, for what else are Tramp and Nipper, your own dearly loved dogs, but descendants of the wild wolf. There will be plenty of sailing, fishing and outdoor sports. Guides can be secured at headquarters and you will not have to travel far, for the camping ground is your- own back yard; You must have your Camping Outfit, as all campers do, and it is the proper thing to think, plan and talk much about this same outfit. As the trip is to be made overland and you will have no camping wagon, use bags for carrying the various articles needed in camp. Old flour bags are just the thing. Into these you can put all your things except perhaps the camp kettle. The camping party should be sup- plied with a tent, a hatchet, a camp kettle, coffee pot, tin plates and cups, old knives, fork and spoons, a tin pail and dipper and a tin wash-basin; all these, as well as provisions must be taken on the journey in true campers' fashion, for there should Friin " Thitigs Worth Doing.'' CopyrigJit, iqo6, hy Charles Scribner's Sous. "3 Camping Out in Your Back Yard 115 be no running back from Make-Believe Land to get forgotten articles. Shawls and blankets to spread on the ground if it seem too damp will be a welcome addition to the outfit, and the party should be provided with sharp pocket knives for whittling stakes and for other needs. Select the site of your camp and pitch your tent with reference to the clothes fine, for the line is to support the tent and act as a ridge pole. Make the Tent of two mushn sheets sewed together along two of the edges, one edge on each sheet, which run from the wide hem at the head to the narrow hem at the foot of the sheet. Tie a tape on each Fig. 250.- -Tie the corners of the sheet with tape. Fig. 251. — The sheet is ready to put up for the tent. of the four comers (Fig. 250) and tie a tape at the centre of the ends of the tent sheet- covering. This will give three tapes on each side of the tent — six tapes in all (Fig. 251). Make six wooden pegs resembling Fig. 252. You can have them either round, square, three- cornered or irregular; the only essentials are that the pegs be strong and large enough to hold the tent securely. Have a notch cut neai- the top for the tape and a point whittled at the bottom that the peg may be easily driven into the ground. > < v Fig. 252. — This is the wooden tent peg. 116 Parties, Shows, and Entertainments Look about carefully and decide exactly where you want the tent placed on the clothesline; then hang the crosswise centre of the covering evenly over the line. Hold the top ridge centre in place with clothespins while you stretch one side out away from the clothesline, and. peg it to the ground by tying the tapes around the pegs and pushing the pegs slantingly into the Fig. 253.— This is the way to peg your tent to ground, with the peg head run- ning from and the point directed toward the tent (Fig. 253). Remove the clothespins and peg down the other side of the tent in the same way. Find the best place near the tent for A Table, and make the table in true woodsman fashion. Take four strong forked sticks, sharpened on the lower end, and drive two of them into the ground in a straight line about one foot or more apart, and the remaining two in a line with, and two feet from the first sticks (Fig. 254). Have the sticks stand above the ground about two feet, or the height you want the table, and keep the crotch, or angle where the two forks separate, on all the sticks at an equal height from the ground. Lay , • 1 , . p Fig. 254. — The sticks are laid across the table a stick across each pair of legs ready for the board. Camping Out in Your Back Yard 117 forked sticks. Get a piece of board, rest one end on each of the supports you have just made, and you wih have a rustic table. Fig. 255. — Your little camp-table. strong and suitable for any camp (Fig. 255). Use wooden boxes for seats. Select one box for your Safe or Cupboard in v^hich to keep supplies and camping utensils. Fit one or two shelves, made from a side of another wooden box, in the cup- Fig. 256. — Nail the cleats inside the box for the shelves. Fig. 257. — This is your camp-cupboard made of a box. 118 Parties, Shows, and Entertainments board. Do this by first nailing strips of wood, for cleats, on the inside of each side of the cupboard at equal distances from the bottom (Fig. 256). Slide in the shelves, resting each on two pieces of wood (Fig. 257). Set a lot of hds of tin cans in the cupboard to serve as camping plates, also a few tin spoons, an old table knife, a kitchen fork or two, three tin cups, and a smooth, clean, folded piece of white paper for a table-cloth. Now for The Spring Ask your mother to let you have a large, clean pail suitable for drinking water. Carry the pail to the opposite side of the yard Fig. 258. — Sink the pail part way into the ground. from your tent. There dig a hole large enough to sink the pail' down about half its height (Fig. 258). Bank the loose earth up Fig. 239. — Bank the earth up around the pail for the spring. Camping Out in Your Back Yard 119 all around the pail (Fig. 259), and cover the earth with leaves, grass, moss and vines ; hiding the pail completely with the green- Fig. 260. — Like a country spring in your back yard. ery; then fill the pail with fresh, cool water, and lo: there is your mountain spring (Fig. 260). A clean tomato can, free from rust, with the top removed, will make A Fine PaU for carrying water. You can make a hole in the tin, near the top on each side of the can, by hammering a good-sized wire nail through, and then form a handle to the pail by thread- ing one end of a piece of twine through each hole and tying a large knot on the outside to prevent the " string from sliding out of place (Fig. 261). When you need water in the camp, always go to the spring for it, and carry the water in the little tin pail. It is not necessary to have a real -The camp-pail is of a tin can. Camp Fire, but you can pretend there is one. Drive two forked sticks in the ground a short distance from each other; lay a stout stick across from one to the other forked stick ; then pile up some dry twigs 120 Parties, Shows, and Entertainments midway between the stakes. Tie a strong cord on the centre of the cross stick, leaving one end long enough to loop down and under the handle of a pail or kettle and reach up and tie to '^«*-. Fig. 262. — You can pretend to cook over the make-believe fire. the short end of the cord. You can put various things into the camp kettle and pretend to cook them over the make-beheve fire (Fig. 262). Of course you must have a boat, for there are lakes in Make- Beheve Land and plenty of fish to be caught, so Make a Boat for your camp. Select a rather long, narrow wooden packing- box (Fig. 263), and on each end tack an extra pointed pasteboard Fig. 263. — A low wooden packing-box for the boat end (Fig. 264). To make the pasteboard end you will have to measure the height of the packing- box, and cut from an old Fig. 264. — The box with its pasteboard ends. Camming Out in Your Back Yard 121 pasteboard box a strip of pasteboard wide enough to fit the height of the wooden box and long enough to allow for tacking on the end of the wooden box and extending far enough out beyond the box to form half, or one side, of the pointed end with two inches over. Score the extra two inches and bend (Fig. 265); the bend A forms the ex- Fig. 265.— The pasteboard ,1 , , , , . , • strip with end bent. treme end when the pasteboard pomt is bent in shape. Cut another strip of pasteboard two inches shorter than the first strip, and sew it on the two-inch bent flap of the first strip (Fig. 266). Score the two ends of the long strip P Fig. 266. — The second pasteboard strip is sewed on first strip. Fig. 267. — The pasteboard is now ready to be tacked on to box mak- ing pointed end. and be careful to score them on the side that will cause the pasteboard to bend outward in the right direction, then bend (Fig. 267). Tack the pasteboard strip on the end of the wooden box and make another pasteboard point for the other end of the box (Fig. 264). Cover both pasteboard ends with stout paper by gumming the paper over and down on the outside top edge of the pasteboard points. Make the boat seats of short boards laid across from side to side of the wooden box and nailed in place (Fig. 268). Use broom-sticks for oars, and make beheve the boat is off on the water, a long distance from the tent. 122 Parties, Shows, and Entertainments Fig. 268. — ^With the seats in place it is a boat. If you want to play that you are Out Fishing in the boat, take any kind of long sticks or walking canes for fishing poles, with common string for line and a bit of paper tied to the end of the string for bait. When vou want to turn the Fig. 269. — ^Tbe row-boat is turned into a sail-boat. Camf)i]ig Out in Your Back Yard 123 row-boat into a sail-boat, you can tack a three-cornered piece of white cloth on the end of a pole and rig up a sail (Fig. 269). Cut a hole in the forward centre of the bottom of the boat immediately next to the covered bow, run the pole through the hole down into the earth until it is well planted in the ground and stands straight and steady; then tie a string to the free end of the sail and fasten the string to the boat to keep the sail stretched out, just as if there were truly a good stiff breeze and you were sailing along at a rapid rate with the spray dashing upon, and at times over, the sides of the boat. If your back yard is large and you need more tents for friends, erect several, one on each stretch of the clothesline. Should the line be fastened to four posts, a tent can be put up on each of the four turns of the clothesline, making a little settlement of tents. A GIRL'S FOURTH OF JULY. CORATIONS are seen here, there, and everywhere. How beautifully the flags and streamers look as they wave in the breeze. All the houses and streets are gay with bunt- ing. We listen with a thrill of patriotic excitement to the national airs played by bands of music as the different pa- rades pass our doors. The spirit of independence fills the very air we breathe. Whiz ! zip ! bang ! go the fire- arms. The noise is enchanting and the smell of powder de- lightful. This is our grand national holiday, the glorious Fourth, when all the United States grows enthusiastic, and in various appropriate ways manifests its patriotism. The celebration, commencing in the early morn and last- ing until late in the evening, gives ample time for fireworks, games, and illuminations. And the girls can take active part in, and enjoy these martial festivities, help to decorate the house and grounds, and in the evening do their part toward the illu- mination. Then there are the beautiful daylight fireworks to Prom " The A mrrkau Girl' s Handy Book." Copyright, i8Sy, iSgS, by Charles Scribne-f' s Sons. 124 A Girl's Fourth of yuly. 125 be sent off, and games to be played ; all adding to the enjoy- ment and making up their celebration of Independence Day. Although Interior Decoration for the Fourth of July has not been considered as necessary as the decoration for the outside of the house, still it is appro- priate and used to some extent, especially when the house is thrown open to guests. Then, with a little thought and care the home may be decked and adorned in the most attractive manner. If you chance to be the happy possessor of the portrait of some revolutionary ancestor, let this form the centre of your decorations. Bring forward any relics of the colonial times and make them hold a prominent place, for all such things are historical and of great interest, though of course they are not essential. Strips of bunting, cheese-cloth, or tissue-paper, in red and white and blue are necessary, and must do their part in adding to the gayety of the scene. These can be arranged in festoons, and made into wreaths, stars etc., to be used as ornaments on the wall. There is nothing, perhaps, more appropriate for decoration than flags, though it requires some ingenuity to decorate with our American flag on account of the blue being in one corner. However we will try. Take two flags without staffs and baste them together as in Fig. 49, bringing the blues side by side; pleat up the top of each to the centre and you will have Fig. 50 with the stripes at the bottom running from end to end. Now take two more flags reversed, the stripes being at the top the stars at the base, and pleat them in the centre, it gives the same idea in another form. For this style of adornment use the flags which may be had at any dry-goods store ; they come 126 Summer. by the bolt, cost but a few cents each, and are much softer and fold better than the more expensive glazed ones. Other modes of draping the stars-and-stripes will suggest themselves : place Fig.4f9 the "colors" in different positions until some good design is found, and you will enjoy it all the more for having made the combination yourself. Fig. JO Tiny flags fastened to the chandeliers, and pinned in groups on the curtains give to the room quite a holiday appearance. This is for the daylight. In the evening we will have In-door Illumination, which can be made very brilliant by simply using a number of lighted candles. Should you desire to have it more elaborate, the words Liberty and Independence can be printed on the windows by cutting the letters forming the words from thick paper and gum- A Girl's Fourth of ytily. Yll ming them to the window-panes, so when the room is hghted they will show plainly from the outside. You may also make of tissue-paper a Liberty-bell, Goddess of Liberty, American Eagle, and flags. Gum these on the edges and fasten them to the windows; place a bright light behind them and the tints of the paper will shine out in all their brilliancy. The Goddess of Liberty's face, the feathers on the eagle, and the lettering on the bell must all be drawn with a paint-brush and ink or black paint. In making any or all of these, it will be of great assistance if you secure a picture of the object to cop}'- from. Having provided for the inside of the house it now behooves us to turn our attention to Out-of-door Decoration consisting principally of flags raised on poles, hung from win- dows, and disposed in numerous and various ways. The many devices representative of our country may be used with good effect. Thus, a large United States shield can be made of colored paper or inexpensive cloth tacked on a piece of card-board, cut in the desired shape, and the shield sus- pended from the window flat against the house, as a picture is hung on the wall. Other emblems can be manufactured in the same way. Small trees or tall bushes covered all over from top to bot- tom with flags and streamers look beautiful, and all the gayer, when the wind blows, causing them to wave and flutter. Fasten the flags and streamers on the tree with string. Some girls think that the Illumination in the Open Air. is best of all, for then they can give their fancy free play, and create all sorts of odd and novel designs. 128 5 ummer. The bright-colored Chinese lanterns are very decorative. Suppose we begin with these. Fasten securely here and there, on the lawn, large paper Japanese umbrellas in upright positions. This is accomplished by binding the handles of the umbrellas Fiff.,c5'J fi^.J4< Parachutes. Parachute. Cut a piece of tissue-paper five inches square, twist each cor- ner and tie with a piece of thread eight inches long, Fig. 53 ; wrap a small pebble in a piece of paper and tie the four pieces of thread se- curely to the peb- ble, Fig. 54. This makes a light airy little parachute, which, when sent out from the win- dow, will, with a favorable wind, sail up and off over the house-tops. Make a number of parachutes in different colors and send them off one after another in suc- cession. Next we will have what we call rrnnT7 r Thunderbolts fashioned of bright -colored tissue- paper. Cut the paper in pieces four inches wide and eight inches long. Then cut each piece into strips reaching about one-third of the length of the piece of paper (Fig- 55)> pinch the uncut end of the paper together and twist it tightly so that it will not become undone (Fig. $6). Open the window and throw these out a few at a time. They will Fic/.^ Thunderbolts. A Girl's Fourth of yuly. 131 turn heavy end down and dart off with the fringed end flutter- ing. Now and then they will waver a moment in one spot, and then dart off in another direction ; so they go whirling, zigzag- ging and bowing as if they were alive. Something different from these are the comical little Whirls, made by cutting circular pieces of writing- or common wrap- ping-paper into simple spiral forms (Fig. 57), The centre of the spirals are weighted by small pieces of wood, or other not too heavy substance gummed on the paper. When a number of these aie freed in mid-air the weight will draw the spirals out, and present a curious sight, as with serpen- _, ^^ tme motion they all come wrig- wwris, gling and twisting toward the ground (Fig. 58). In these paper fire-works, we know of noth- ing prettier than the Winged Fancies, consisting of birds and butterflies. The birds may be cut out of wrapping-paper, measuring seven and a half inches long and ten inches from tip to tip of the wings (Fig 59), a burnt match stuck in and out of the neck, will give the bird sufficient weight. When tossed from a height these paper swallows fly and skim through the air in the most delightful birdlike fashion. Both birds and butterflies are folded through the centre lengthwise, then unfolded and straightened out, this helps to give them form and they fly better. 132 Summer. The patterns here given are possibly not as graceful in shape as could be made, but the writer drew the patterns from the bes^t fliers among an experimental lot of winged fancies, hav- ing found them better than others that could boast of more beauty. Butterflies are made of bright col- ored tissue-paper cut from the pattern (Fig 60), and have short pieces of broom - straws as weights. These also should be lightly thrown from a height, when they will flutter and fly downward, sometimes settling on a tree or bush as if seeking the sweets of flowers, and appearing very bright and pretty as they float hither and thither on the air. A ring of the ever- t\virling Fiff.S9 The Bird. Pin-wheels The Butterfly. is gay and attractive, just the thing for the lawn on the Fourth of July. To manufacture one, select a nice firm barrel-hoop, and nail it securely on one end of a clothes- pole or broom-stick (Fig, 61), sharpen the other end of the pole A Girl's Fourth of ytdy. 133 to a point ; if the hoop seems incUned to split when naihng, first bore holes with a gimlet or burn them with a red-hot nail or wire for the nails to pass through. Cover the barrel-hoop several inches deep with straw, lay the straw on and tie it down with string. Prepare a number of pin-wheels by cutting squares of red and white and blue paper, fold them twice diagonally through the centre and cut the folds up within a short distance of the middle. Turn over every other point to meet the centre, pierce the four points and the centre with ^ pin, then fasten the pin firmly to the end of a stick. The pin must be left long enough to allow the paper to turn easily. Stick the straw wreath full of pin- wheels, then plant the pole securely in the ground and you will have a ring of Fourth of July pin-wheels which will look pretty all day long. Be sure to place the wreath facing the breeze, so the pin-wheels may be kept in constant mo- tion. Reserve the Fin-wheel. Bombs until the last. They are simple in construction, but quite start- ling when they go off. Fasten together two very stiff flat pieces of steel (Fig, 62), those sold for the back of dress-skirts work well, and use a strong string many yards long to tie them with. Bring up the four ends of the steels and tie them with a slip knot 134 Summer. (Fig. 63), in order that it may easily fly open. Place the cage thus formed in the centre of a square piece of tissue-paper. Now cut strips of different colored tissue-paper, four inches long, and twist each piece at one ead. Put these in the centre of the cage and bring up the four corners of the square of paper, allowing the string to come out of the top. Twist the corners together and close up the small open- ings by folding over the edges of the paper. This //>;?j>... It is played with flower-pots filled with sand or loose earth, called mines. A small flag on a slender staff is placed upright in the centre of each flower-pot (Fig. 64). The staff should be stuck down in the sand only just far enough to keep it steady in its position. Each player in turn removes a little sand from the mine with a stick called a wand, taking FigM 138 Summer. ,fi ivS.M '% Mme/M ^^ great care not to upset the flag ; for the one causing the flag to fall loses the game. The number of mines needed will depend upon the number of persons playing, as one flower-pot is required for every two players. Each one taking part in the game, is provided with a wand. Slender bamboo canes make excellent wands, and may be decorated with red, white and blue ribbons, tied on the handles. Should the canes be difficult to pro- cure, then any kind of light slender stick will serve the purpose. The hostess should prepare blank envelopes, each containing a ribbon badge, or score sheet, of different colors, two of each ; these are all numbered, the figures being painted or pasted on the ribbons to designate the place to be taken, thus two reds are marked i, meaning that they are to occupy the first or prize mine. The blues are marked 2, showing that they take the second mine, and so on. The last ar lowest place is called the booby mine. Each badge should have a small pocket attached (Fig. 65), for holding stamps ; these are cut in any desired form from gold and silver paper, which has previously IIIlll^ iiliM been covered with mucilage on the under side, like a common postage-stamp. A Girrs Fourth of yuly. 139 The hostess passes around the envelopes, each guest takes one, and upon opening it discovers where and with whom she is to play. The preliminaries being settled, and all having taken their places, the hostess starts the game by ringing a little bell. When one of the players at the prize mine upsets the flag, the other calls out prize, and if the flags have not already fallen in the other mines, the couples play as quickly as possible until all the flags are down. The winner at the prize mine fastens a gold stamp on her ribbon badge, while the loser at the booby mine, ornaments hers with silver seal. The game is now rearranged, the winner at the prize mine remains at her station, and the loser goes down to the booby mine, while all those winning at the other mines move up, each one respectively to the next higher mine, for it is only at the prize mine where the loser moves her place and the victor re- mains stationary. When these details are settled, the flag-staffs are again planted in the flower-pots and the signal given for a new game. The player with the largest number of gold stamps on her score-sheet, receives the victor's prize, and the one having the most silver stamps is entitled to the booby prize. The prizes are given when the game is ended. They should consist of some pretty little article made by the hostess herself, and, if practicable, appropriate to the day, such as a delicate satin sachet in the form of a Liberty bell, with the lettering painted on it. A pretty pin-cushion, with a cover made of a miniature silken flag, or a dainty pen-wiper in the shape of Liberty's cap. Other more expensive gifts are not in good taste. The booby prize should be something grotesque or comical. As the mothers and sisters of 1776 took a full share in the 140 ^ Minmer. hardships and trials of the Revolution, and actively assisted in gaining our independence, it is eminently fit and proper that American girls should show their appreciation of such bravery and heroism by assisting in the annual celebration of our famous Independence Day. Fourth of July seems heretofore to have been considered altogether too exclusively a boy's holiday, and it is with a hope of stimulating a renewed activity, and awakening in the heart of every girl in the United States a sense of proprietary interest in the day, that we suggest new methods of celebrat- ing our national holiday. THE BEARD BOOKS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE THE AMERICAN GIRUS HANDY BOOK HOW TO AMUSE YOURSELF AND OTHERS By LINA and ADELIA B. BEARD With nearly 500 Illustrations by the Authors One volume, square 8vo, $2.00 Eight new chapters have been added to the forty-two which have carried this famous book to the hearts of all the young people since its first appear- ance, and everything that the girls of to-day want to know about their sports, games, and winter afternoon and evening work, is told clearly and simply in this helpful and entertaining volume. The volume is full}' and hand- somely illustrated from drawings by the authors, whose designs are in the best sense illustrative ot the text. How to Amus urself hers TkE:AMERIGAN:GlRLS •HANDY:B00K* SUMMARY OF CONTENTS First of April — Wild Flowers za Their Preservation — The Walkin; Club — Easter-Egg Games — How tc Make a Lawn Tennis Net — May- Day Sports — Midsummer - Eve Games and Sports — Sea-side Cot- tage; Decoration — A Girl's Fourth of July — An Impression Album — Picnics, Burgoos, and Corn-Roasts —Botany as Applied to Art — Quiet Games for Hot Weather — How to Make a Hammock — Corn - Husk and Flower Dolls — How to Make Fans — All Hallow Eve — Nature's Fall Decorations and How to Use Them — Nutting Parties — How to Draw, Paint in Oil-colors, and Model in Clay and Wax — China Painting — Christmas Festivities, and Home-made Christmas Gifts — Ahnusements and Games for the Holidays — Golf — Bicycling — Swim- ming — Physical Culture — Girls' Clubs — A New Seashore Game^ Apple Target Shooting — Watei Fairies. Louisa M. Alcott wrote ; " I have put it in my list of good and ueeful books for young people, as I have many requests for advice from my little friends and their anxious mothers. I am most happy to commend your very ingenious and entertaining book." Grace Greenwood wrote: "It is a treasure which, once possessed, no practical girl would willingly part with. It is an invaluable aid in making a home attractive, comfortable, artistic, and refined. The book preaches the gospel of cheerfulness, industry, economy, and nomiort." BY Lfna Beard and Adelia EBean N ewV^r k Charles Scribners c Sons THE BEARD BOOKS FOR GIRLS THINGS WORTH DOING AND HOW TO DO THEM By LINA and ADELIA B. BEARD Profusely Illustrated by the Authors 8vo, $2.00 An infinite variety of things worth doing is comprised in the latest Beard Book for girls, which is in every way equal to its widely popular predecessors, and con- tains a wealth of absolutely new material. How to do the various things worth doing is set forth with that simplicity of direction which has been one of the chief factors in the success of these authors. The text is supplemented by some six hundred drawings. iThings Worth Doing AND How To Do Them BY Lina Beard and Adelia B. Beard New York CKarles Scribner's Sons SUMMARY OF CONTENTS A Fourth of July Lawn Frolic — A Wonderful Circus at Home — A Noyel Easter Party — A Doorway Punch and Judy Show- — Hallowe'en Merry-mak- ing — Dance of Titania — Thanksgiving Party. — Impromptu Moving Pictures for Thanksgiving — A Valentine Enter- tainment — The Wild West Show on a Table — Roof Picnic — Magic Peep- show — Plant Your Garden if You Can — Jolly Little Santa Claus — A Living Christmas-tree — How to Get Up a Girls' Fair — Camping Out in Your Back Yard — Outdoor Fun with Home-made Tether Ball — Miniature Seven Wonders of the World — New Christmas Decorations — Doll House of Pasteboard — The Making of a Bay- berry Candle — Water Toys — How to Weave Without a Loom — How to Make Your Own Easter Cards — Home-made Candlesticks — What to Make of Bananas — Little Paper Co- lumbus — How to Make Friends with the Stars — Ste cil Painting. " Everything is so plainly set forth and so fully illustrated with drawings that the happy owners of the book should find it easy to follow ts suggestions." — New York Trihime. THE BEARD BOOKS FOR GIRLS RECREATIONS FOR GIRLS By LINA and ADELIA B. BEARD Profusely Illustrated by the Authors 8vo, $2.00 This new book for girls, by Lina and Adelia Beard, whose previous books on girls' sports have become classic, combines a mass of practical instruction on handicrafts and recreations. No more charming book for girls could be desired. RECREATIONS FOR GIRLS BY Lina Beard and Adelia B.Beard New York Charles Scribner's Sons 1906 SUMMARY OF CONTENTS Spinning — Weaving on a Home- made Loom — A Ball of Twine and What May be Made of It — An Armful of Shavings and What To Do With Them — Primitive Reed Curtains — Things to Make of Common Grasses — Possibilities of a Clothes-line — How to Weave a Splint Basket — Modelling in Tissue Paper — Nature Study with Tissue Paper — A New Race of Dolls — An Indian Encampment on a Pastry- board — A Toy Colonial Kitchen — Lit- tle Paper Houses of Japan — Some Odd Things in Russia — Pottery Without a Potter's Wheel — Baby Alligators and Other Things of Clay — Funny Little Apple Toys — Marvel Pictures — Lift- ing for Pasch Eggs — May-Day Amuse- ments — Hallowe'en Revels — The Magic Cloth — Finger Plays for Little Folk — How to Arrange Fresh Flowers — Open-air Play Houses — Keeping Store — A Frolic with the Roses — A Straw-ride Picnic — A Paper Chase. "It teaches how to make serviceable and useful things of all kinds out of every kind of material. It also tells how to play and how to make things to play with. The girl who gets this book will not lack for occupation and pleasure." — Chicago Evening Post. THE BEARD BOOKS FOR GIRLS WHAT A GIRL CAN MAKE AND DO NE\;^ IDEAS FOR \^ORK AND PLAY By LINA and ADELIA B. BEARD With over 300 Illustrations by the Authors Square 8vo, $1.60 net This book is the result of the authors' earnest desire to be of some assistance to their young friends by encouraging them in their wish to do things for themselves and by pointing out some directions in which they may gratify this ambition. Within its covers are suggestions for a wide variety of things useful, instructive and entertaining which a girl may make and do with wholesome and genuine pleasure. HAT AKEANDDO Una Beard and Adelia B.Beard New Y>rk Charles Scribner's Sons SUMMARY OF CONTENTS What a Girl Can Make with Ham- mer and Saw — Possibilities of an Easter Egg — A Paper Easter — Vaca- • tion Work with Nature's Material — Collections — Original Valentines — Vegetable Animals and Fruit Lanterns — Pasteboard Models for a Home Drawing Class — Quick Ink Pictures — Moving Toys — Home-made Pyrotech- nics — Monotypes — Priscilla Rugs — A Peanut Noah's Ark — A Flower Feast — Basket Weaving — An "Abe" Lin- coln Log-cabin — Queer Things on Paper and Blackboard and How to Put Them There — Home-made Mu- sical Instruments — What to Make of Empty Spools — Christmas Decora- tions — Christmas Devices — Picture Writing and Sign Language — Statuary Tableaux — Witchery — Living Alpha- bet — Odd Gardens — Active Games — Expensive Games With Little or No Expense — Basket Ball — Some of Our Out-door Neighbors and Where to Look for Them. "This book is filled full of ideas and drawings original with the authors themselves, and it would be a dull girl who could not make herself busy and happy following its precepts. ... A most inspiring book for an active-minded girl." — Chicago Record-Herald. NOV iO i^oe -lOME MISSION dANDICRAFT IDEAS FOR WORK AND PLAY IN MISSION BANDS AND JUNIOR SOCIETIES BY LiNA AND ADELIA B. BEARD