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 Book.' Or C 3 - 
 
 COPYRIGHT DF-POSIT 
 
ofover ONE HUNDRED of the 
 World's "Best 
 
 PHYSICIANS and NURSES. 
 
 Supp//ec/ espea'a//y for f/iis work 
 Compiled & Edited by 
 
 J0SEPHU5 GOODENOUGH.MD. 
 
 WcM/Ma u*. * »^.7><TJt*' 
 
LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 MAR 18 1907 
 
 a Copyright Entry 
 
 (JUASS A XXc„ No. 
 
 Uj.iS'a <o 3. 
 COPY B. 
 
 Go?) 
 
 COPYRIGHTED 
 
 BY 
 
 F. B. DICKERSON CO., 
 
 DETROIT, 
 
 MICH. 
 
 1902. 
 
 ALL 
 
 RIGHTS 
 
 RESERVED, . 
 
JOSEPHUS CjOODENOUGH, M. D. 
 
COMPILER AND EDITOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 EVERY reputable physician is to a certain extent a 
 specialist. There are certain diseases he is most 
 successful in treating, and for which he has his 
 favorite remedies. The aim of this book has been to 
 furnish its patrons with these favorite remedies — the 
 safest, simplest and best known to the medical fraternity. 
 To accomplish this we have gathered from many of the 
 best physicians of this and other countries their favorite 
 receipts, or prescriptions. The remedies thus collected 
 cover all diseases to which the human body is subject, 
 and have been arranged in a systematic and convenient 
 form for the homes of this and other lands. We con- 
 sulted with, and obtained these receipts from, over one 
 hundred of the leading physicians and nurses of the 
 world, to which has been added the combined experience 
 and practice of the compiler and editor. 
 
 The scope of this work is entirely original, nothing 
 like it ever before having been published. It contains 
 complete yet simple treatises on Diseases of Women, 
 Diseases of Children, Poisons and their Antidotes, etc. , 
 also a department on What Girls and Mothers Should 
 Know by one of the most successful lady physicians in 
 this or any other country. The illustrations are superior 
 
 to those of any other family medical book in existence, 
 and have been made, at great expense, especially for 
 this work. 
 
COMPILER AND EDITOR'S PREFACE. 
 
 To gather these favorite remedies from the best 
 physicians of many lands and arrange them in conve- 
 nient form for the homes and mothers of the world, has 
 been a long, patient, but pleasant task, and if we have 
 succeeded in supplying our patrons with a book that 
 will serve them faithfully " in time of need," we will be 
 amply rewarded for our labor. 
 
 In the preparation of this work Dr. W. R. Henderson, 
 United States Post-office Physician, at Detroit, Michigan, 
 U. S. A., has been our constant counselor and adviser, 
 and to him we are much indebted for his valuable 
 contributions and suggestions. 
 
PHYSICIANS WHOSE FAVORITE REMEDIES 
 WILL BE FOUND IN THIS BOOK. 
 
 A number of physicians sent remedies for this book who, for 
 professional reasons, desired that their names should not be 
 printed. The work contains in all the choice remedies of more 
 than one hundred leading doctors, of this and other countries, 
 and, in addition, many home remedies of experienced and prac- 
 tical nurses. 
 
 i. N. L. Clarke .„...: Mobile, Alabama. 
 
 2. F. VinsonhalER Little Rock, Arkansas. 
 
 3. J. W. Hayward (Homeopathic)... Taunton, Massachusetts. 
 
 4. John W. McCausland ■> Fort Wayne, Indiana. 
 
 5. J. E. Hanna Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 
 
 6. J. G. Brooks Paducah, Kentucky. 
 
 7. Chester W. Stranahan , . . .Erie, Pennsylvania, 
 
 8. A. L. Clark Elgin, Illinois. 
 
 9. J. F. Weathers New Albany, Indiana. 
 
 10. I. G. Anthoine Nashua, New Hampshire. 
 
 11. Henry Baldwin, Jr Springfield, Ohio. 
 
 12. J. S. Eaton Lincoln, Nebraska. 
 
 13. D. C Brockman Ottumwa, Iowa. 
 
 14. C. N. Palmer Lockport, New York. 
 
 15. C. H. Myers South Bend, Indiana. 
 
 16. L. M. BERG. (Homeopathic) Laredo, Texas. 
 
 17. W. C. ChafeE Huntington, Indiana. 
 
 18. C. C ELLIS (Homeopathic) Somerville, Massachusetts, 
 
 19. Edwin Walker Evansville, Indiana. 
 
 20. Arthur T. Hudson Paducah, Kentucky. 
 
 21. A. W. Schiller Salem, Ohio. 
 
 22. Arthur O. Jones Raleigh, North Carolina, 
 
 23. G. W. H. Kemper Muncie, Indiana. 
 
 24. SEVERIN LachapellE St. Henri de Montreal, P.Q. 
 
 25. W. H. Hodson Lockport, New York. 
 
 26. M. C. Wedgewood Lewiston, Maine. 
 
 27. James W. Cokenower Des Moines, Iowa. 
 
 28. W. A. J. Pollock Pensacola, Florida. 
 
 29. J. G. KELLY Hornellsville, New York. 
 
 30. A. L. Foreman Stockton, California. 
 
 31. Wm. KERR Bay City, Michigan. 
 
 32. Margaret Caldwell Waukesha, Wisconsin. 
 
 33. Daniel Lichty Rockford, Illinois. 
 
 34. Arthur P. Ginn Nebraska City, Nebraska. 
 
 35. Wm. H. Hall Saratoga Springs, N. Y. 
 
PHYSICIANS. 
 
 36. J. T. JONES Jackson, Tennessee. 
 
 37. JohnR. Fleming (Homeopathic) Atlantic City, New Jersey. 
 
 38. J. N. McCoy Vincennes, Indiana. 
 
 39. J AS. A. Hart Colorado Springs, Colorado. 
 
 40. Samuei, MiujkEN Dallas, Texas. 
 
 41. Wm. C. Wood Gloversville, New York. 
 
 42. T. E. Sands Battle Creek, Michigan. 
 
 43. O. N. HoyT (Homeopathic) Pierre, South Dakota. 
 
 44. GEO. W. Crosby Atlantic City, New Jersey. 
 
 45. W. M. CampbeUv Atchison, Kansas. 
 
 46. E. E. LEVERS Spring Valley, Wyoming. 
 
 47. D. B. WyaTT Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. 
 
 48. New York Eye and Ear Infirmary, New York, N.Y. 
 
 (The largest institution of the kind in the world). 
 
 49. ROBERT W. Gibbes Columbia, South Carolina. 
 
 50. H. C. Jones Decatur, Illinois. 
 
 51. James A. Lane ° .Leavenworth, Kansas. 
 
 52. F. J. Campbbix Fargo, North Dakota. 
 
 53. P. I. Edwards . . . Jackson, Michigan. 
 
 54. A. F. Hagadorn. West Bay City, Michigan. 
 
 55. J. C. HoyE New Castle, Pennsylvania. 
 
 56. Amos O. Taylor ( Homeopathic )..Altoona, Pennsylvania. 
 
 57. Wm. B. REED Rome, New York. 
 
 58. P. J. O'Hara Paris, Michigan. 
 
 59. W. C. GATES Rockland, Michigan. 
 
 60. N. W. Cady Logansport, Indiana. 
 
 61. Donald Campbeu, . - .Butte, Montana. 
 
 62. August Heigei^man Berlin, Germany. 
 
 63. Max Von Wachter Berlin, Germany. 
 
 64. GuSTAV Huhnhow Frankfort, Germany. 
 
 65. OTTO Humrich Leipzig, Germany. 
 
 66. Frederick Obenauer Potsdam, Germany. 
 
 67. Cari, OESTERREICHER Hanover, Germany. 
 
 68. PiERRE Rosei<o Marseilles, France. 
 
 69. Jui.ES Campau Bordeaux, France. 
 
 70. John S. Burns „ London, England. 
 
 71. Archie S. WoodhousE .Leeds, England. 
 
 72. Cyrus S. Edwards Liverpool, England. 
 
 73. Douglas Cai/verT Glasgow, Scotland. 
 
 74. Archibald MacDougaix Aberdeen, Scotland. 
 
 75. Patrick J. McManis .Dublin, Ireland. 
 
 76. ITO Fucasi Tokio, Japan. 
 
 77. Carlos D. GUTIERREZ City of Mexico, Mexico. 
 
 78. Nectar M. Kai,aitian Samsoun, Armenia. 
 
 (Educated in the United States.). 
 
 79. Jacob Schreck Amsterdam, Holland. 
 
 80. Frederick Mudder The Hague, Holland. 
 
 81. FriThiop Stjernhjelm Stockholm, Sweden. 
 
 82. Dr L. W. Lander Stockholm, Sweden. 
 
 83. Oi,AF Tordenskjold Christiana, Norway. 
 
 84. Ephraim J. McCoujjm Tiffin, Ohio. 
 
,,/.. 
 
 7 
 
 £ 
 
 8 
 
 Jli I 
 
 10 
 
 '15 
 
 : W 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 I, Large Arteries of the Neck. 2, Large Artery of Side and Arm. 
 3, Bronchial Tubes (cut off). 4, Descending large Artery. 5, Lung Cavity. 
 6, Termination of the Gullet (Stomach removed). 7, Diaphragm. 8, 9, 
 Liver. 10, Gail-Bladder. 11, Spleen. 12, Pancreas. 13, Blood Vessels from 
 the Membranous Covering of the Bowels. 14, Large and small Intestines. 
 15, Appendix. 16, Kidney. 17, Artery cut off at Junction of the Heart, 18, 
 Arch of the Aorta. 
 
Department I. 
 
 DISEASES —CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, 
 TREATMENTS, Etc. 
 
 ABORTION.— (See Diseases of Women). 
 
 ABSCESS.— A collection of pus or purulent matter among 
 the tissues of the body, and in a cavity of new formation, attended 
 with constitutional disturbance more or less pronounced according 
 to the location and size of the tumor; and, if near the surface, 
 noticeable by prominence, throbbing and tenderness. 
 
 Cause. — Abscesses are the result of acute local inflammation 
 where swelling and pressure shut off nutrition until the part dies. 
 Gradually the tissues soften, turn to pus, and the pus is discharged. 
 This is Nature's means of elimination. Abscesses are usually 
 acute, or wa?m; occurring in weak or scrofulous persons, they may 
 last indefinitely, in which case they are spoken of as chronic, or 
 cold. 
 
 Symptoms. — Inflammation, swelling, and pain in the affected 
 part. When they occur in internal organs, the symptoms indi- 
 cating their presence are obscure and would not be recognized 
 with any degree- of certainty by other than a practiced physician. 
 Diagnosis in such cases is not always made during life. Occurring 
 in the brain, may cause headache, dilation of the pupil of the eye 
 on the affected side, vomiting and convulsions in the early stages; 
 also respiration may increase up to a certain point or degree, and 
 then gradually decrease to a temporary cessation ( Cheyne-Stokes 
 breathing). Paralysis may occur in the later stages. 
 
 Boils and Carbuncles i(see description) come under the head of 
 abscesses. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do in Advance of a Doctor. — When abscesses form 
 near the surface, poultice with flax-seed meal or bread and milk. 
 Open as soon as pus has formed. Keep clean with castile soap 
 and water. Take something to purify the blood. Keep the 
 bowels regular. For abscesses of this character it is not necessary 
 i 
 
2 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 to call a doctor, but it may be advisable in severe and obstinate 
 cases to have them lanced by a doctor. If there are indications of 
 an abscess on the brain, a physician or surgeon should at once be 
 consulted. 
 
 A. In the early stage apply poultice of flax-seed until the 
 abscess is soft to the touch of the finger, then open with a knife 
 which has been thoroughly cleansed and dipped in boiling water. 
 Press lightly on the sides of the incision to force out the pus, but 
 do not press too hard. Dress the wound twice a day by washing, 
 using castile soap, and cover with clean, soft linen. 
 
 B. Dried Sulphate of Iron i drachm. 
 
 Sulphate of Magnesia 4 " 
 
 Elixir Vitriol 6 " 
 
 Syrup Ginger y 2 ounce. 
 
 Add enough water to make the whole 3 ' ' 
 
 Mix. — Take a teaspoonful in a wineglassful 
 of water after meals. — (19). 
 
 Note. — Where the patient has a healthy color, 
 the Sulphate of Iron should be omitted. 
 
 C. Where the abscess is slow, take Hepor Sulphur or Sulphide 
 of Calcium in 2 -grain pills. This hastens suppuration and the 
 healing process. — ( 12 ) . 
 
 D. When forming, poultice with flax-seed or bread and milk, 
 and open freely as soon as pus has formed. After opening apply 
 clean linen, or absorbent cotton pad wet with solution of Carbolic 
 Acid, teaspoonful to pint of boiling water. Change as often as 
 soiled. Never poultice an abscess after it is open. — (13) . 
 
 Remark. — A poultice of ground flax-seed or ground elm bark 
 is recommended by Dr. J. T. Johnson. 
 
 E. Open and syringe out with boiled rain or filtered water, 
 containing 20 drops strong Carbolic Acid to the teacupful. Keep 
 a clean cloth wet with the same over the part. Renew when soiled. 
 Syringe out daily. — ( 14). 
 
 ABDOMINAL DROPSY.— (See Ascites under Dropsy). 
 
 ACNE.— (See Skin Diseases). 
 
 ADDISON'S DISEASE.— (See Bronzed Skin Disease). 
 
 AGUE. — See Intermittent Fever under Malarial Fevers). 
 
 ALBUMINURIA.— (See Kidney Diseases). 
 
 ALCOHOLISM. — The physical and mental phenomena 
 induced by the use of alcohol, of which drunkenness is an acute 
 form and delirium treme?is an incident of the chronic form. 
 
 Drunkenness. — Symptoms. — Intoxication begins with a 
 period of exhilaration. The ordinary case does not go further 
 than this, the effects passing away in sleep. In the more acute 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 3 
 
 form, produced by imbibing an excessive quantity of alcoholic 
 stimulants, the exhilaration is followed by a delirious stage, 
 which is in turn succeeded by a state of coma not unlike that in 
 apoplexy, the breathing being sonorous in character and the face 
 bloated and congested. (See page 470.) 
 
 Chronic Alcoholism. — The continued indulgence in alco- 
 holic drinks brings about morbid changes in the various organs 
 and tissues of the body. Dyspepsia, diseases of the heart, liver 
 and kidneys, organic brain diseases and epilepsy may be brought 
 about through this cause. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dyspepsia, ' usually vomiting in the morning, 
 sleeplessness, restlessness, and an increasing muscular tremor. 
 All the functions of the mind become perverted, and the indi- 
 vidual comes in time to have an imbecile expression added to 
 bloated and repulsive features. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Continue the use of liquor, for a time at least, but restrict 
 to a certain amount. Take perhaps two ounces a day, in the 
 form of sling, and the balance of the time, or whenever there is a 
 desire for liquor, drink Scullcap tea (see chapter on herbs) 
 freely. If this is continued, the nerves will become toned up 
 and the taste for alcoholic drinks will gradually die out. 
 
 It is also claimed that the dried root of Angelica (see chapter 
 on herbs) , taken in doses of 15 to 20 grains, will cause a disgust 
 for all spirituous liquors. 
 
 A tea made from Stramonium (see chapter on herbs) leaves 
 is claimed not only to cure or relieve the appetite for alcohol, but 
 also for tobacco. This tea may be given in ordinary tea or coffee, 
 oftentimes without the patient's knowledge. 
 
 B. Those wishing to stop the use of intoxicating drinks will 
 find the following a most excellent substitute. It will relieve the 
 catarrhal condition of the stomach, aid digestion, and give vigor 
 and tone to a weakened or shattered nervous system: 
 
 Strychnine Sulphate 1 grain. 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus.." 4 " 
 
 Tincture Chloride of Iron 3 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Add enough water to make 4 ounces. Mix, 
 and take one teaspoonful before or after each 
 meal. 
 
 C. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, a teaspoonful or two in a 
 glass of water, helps to sober up and overcome the depression 
 following excesses. May be repeated in half an hour or an hour, 
 
 (14) 
 
4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 D. Hot bath daily; bowels kept open by the use of salts; 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia, a teaspoonful in a little milk 
 every two or three hours. 
 
 E. Bromidia in teaspoonful doses in water every hour. To 
 produce sleep and quiet nervousness, r A. grain of Morphine 
 Sulphate by hypodermic injection is good if some one can be 
 depended upon to give it. Do not tell the patient he is being given 
 Morphine. — (9. ) 
 
 Note. — Morphine is only to help the patient to get sobered, 
 and is not to be continued. 
 
 F. Bromide of Soda 10 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Potash 10 " 
 
 Bromide of Ammonia 10 ■' 
 
 Mix. — Dissolve in water and take every two 
 or three hours until relieved. - (22). 
 
 G. Total abstinence, with 20-grain doses of Bromide of 
 Potash every three hours more or less often as needed to control 
 the nervous system. — (7.) 
 
 H Celenna (proprietary) 3 ounces. 
 
 Comp. Tincture Cinchona 3 " 
 
 Tincture Nux Vomica 2 " 
 
 Fowler's Solution ij£ drachms. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful in water three times a 
 day, before meals. 
 
 or, 
 Peacock's Bromides 4 ounces 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful in water three times a 
 day, between meals and at bedtime. — (20.) 
 
 I. Sulphate of Iron 1 drachm. 
 
 Magnesia 2 " 
 
 Peppermint Water 12 " 
 
 Nutmeg 12 " 
 
 Dose. — Two teaspoonfuls, twice daily, after 
 breakfast and supper. 
 
 This is a tonic and stimulant, and has proven beneficial in 
 numerous cases. —(70.) 
 
 Note. — Dr. Burns states, in giving this remedy, that it cured 
 of drunkenness the father of no less a personage than the 
 celebrated divine, Rev. Newman Hall. 
 
 Dutchman'' s Temperance Lecture — Short \ but Sound Common 
 Sense. — "I shall tell you how it vas I drunk my lager; den I put 
 mine hand on my head, and dere vas one pain. Den I puts mine 
 hand on my body, and dere vas pain. Den I puts my hand on 
 my pocket, and dere vas notting. So I jinemit de Demperance. 
 Now dere is no pain in my head, and de pain in my body vas all 
 gone away. I put mine hand on mine pocket, and dere vas 20 
 dollars. So I stay mit de Demperance beeples." 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 5 
 
 Delirium Tremens. — This is an incident in chronic alco- 
 holism, and occurs in consequence either of unusual excesses or 
 the withdrawal for a short time of the accustomed stimulus. It 
 is the result of exhaustion of the nerve functions and consequent 
 irritation of the brain. 
 
 Symptoms. — The delirium itself is usually preceded by two 
 or three days of mental depression and restlessness, during which 
 the patient is peevish and irritable and his sleep disturbed; or he 
 may suffer from loss of appetite and nausea, and perhaps vomit 
 occasionally. He is greatly dejected, and is haunted with a sense 
 of impending danger or misfortune. As delirium develops he 
 talks incessantly, mingling the real with the imaginary, his 
 ravings frequently becoming unintelligible through a trembling of 
 the tongue. There is a rapid pulse, a tremor of the muscles of 
 the limbs, a fidgeting of the hands, a constant activity of the 
 body and utter sleeplessness. Bodily and mentally he is busy day 
 and night. He suffers from one delusion after another, being 
 haunted with spectres, threatened with dangers, attacked by 
 enemies, and at times covered with loathsome objects, as reptiles, 
 vermin, etc., which he is unable to shake off. These symptoms 
 continue until sleep is produced or the patient sinks from exhaus- 
 tion. If he is unable to obtain refreshing sleep in four or five 
 days, the disease is likely to terminate fatally. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — Put the patient to bed and keep him as quiet 
 as possible. It is a good idea to give a little hot sling — just 
 enough to keep the brain slightly stimulated — but not to give it 
 more than once a day. Bromide of Potassium may be given in 
 from 5 to 10-grain doses, or a doctor may be called for further 
 treatment. 
 
 In cases where delirium comes on while a man is still carrying 
 on his long-continued debauch, there will generally be a greater 
 determination of blood to the head than in the ordinary cases 
 arising after a debauch has been discontinued for a short time. 
 In this case there must be the most active derivative treatment to 
 draw the blood away from the head, such as the feet in water as 
 hot as it can be borne, with mustard in it, mustard plasters to the 
 feet and back of the neck, sponging with strong cayenne whiskey, 
 an active cathartic, etc., this to be followed with quieting treat- 
 ment. A warm bath continued from three hours even to ten 
 hours, with cold applications to the head, has proven a very 
 successful remedy, patients often falling asleep in the bath. 
 
 A person suffering from delirium tremens is not to be trusted 
 alone for a moment, as he is liable to injure himself by jumping 
 out of a window, or in some other way, to free himself from his 
 imaginary enemies. 
 
6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 A. Force feeding with strong coffee, soups and milk or beef 
 tea. Get patient in quiet place and to sleep if possible. If 
 stomach will hold, give 20 grains of Bromide of Potash every two 
 hours till quiet. Keep bowels open. Give ginger and pepper 
 tea. No whiskey. Or give teaspoonful Tincture of Cinchona 
 Compound in water every two or three hours. — (No. 13.) 
 
 B. Teaspoonful doses of Tincture of Capsicum. Milk diet. 
 20- grain doses of Bromide of Potash, taken in water every three 
 or four hours. — (No. 7.) 
 
 ALCOHOL. 
 
 In making the following statements concerning the effects of 
 alcohol upon the human system, the aim has been to confine the 
 thought entirely to the diseased changes produced upon the various 
 tissues and organs by the continued use of alcoholic stimulants. 
 The statements are not overdrawn, the object being to give the 
 facts. 
 
 Alcohol is absorbed from the stomach into the circulation. 
 No change takes place in the alcohol in the stomach; it circulates 
 in the blood as alcohol, and in this diluted state it comes in direct 
 contact with the tissues and inflames them. Its first effect is upon 
 the nervous system. 
 
 Nerves of the Blood Vessels. — The nerves which govern 
 the size of the blood vessels become paralyzed, the small vessels 
 become relaxed and dilated, and the organs are flooded with blood 
 which they do not need. The cells and organs receiving this 
 increased blood supply become larger and, as a result, new cells 
 begin to form. They develop by a division of the parent cells, 
 and thus there is an increase in tissue. This new growth lacks 
 quality, as alcohol is never a true tonic. The individual is bloated 
 and the flesh is flabby. The effect is deceitful and superficial, and 
 the alcohol steadily saps the vital forces and undermines the 
 constitution. 
 
 Connective Tissue. — The new tissue mentioned is a form 
 of connective tissue. As naturally supplied, connective tissue 
 develops with the growth of the individual and acts as a frame- 
 work for all the structures of the body. When resulting from 
 inflammation, however, it invariably contracts. As the contrac- 
 tion continues, the unyielding pressure on surrounding tissues 
 causes a shrinkage in the size of the organ it envelops, and the 
 functions of that organ are correspondingly interfered with. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 7 
 
 The Stomach. — Commencing with the stomach, where the 
 first effects of alcohol are produced, the little glands of the lining 
 membrane, which collect from the passing blood stream certain 
 materials and transform them into digestive ferments (see Diges- 
 tion) , are squeezed and pressed out of shape. Some are entirely 
 obliterated, others are closed, the openings of others are narrowed 
 or closed, and they become useless. Many glands that are not 
 destroyed may have some of their secreting cells destroyed. The 
 stomach may be dilated and may contain more or less fluid, but 
 the secretions are changed in quality and the digestive fluids are 
 lessened. It contains too much mucus, and chronic dyspepsia is 
 the result. This is proven by the morning vomiting of drunkards 
 and by post mortem examinations. 
 
 The Liver. — The same change takes place in other parts : 
 First in the liver, because the alcohol is carried direct to that 
 organ from the stomach. The changes in the liver are practically 
 the same as in the stomach, i. e., first overgrowth of connective 
 tissue and then shrinkage of the organ, and the cause is the same 
 — chronic inflammation. The shrinkage of the liver prevents 
 more or less the return of the blood that passes through it. This 
 return circulation comes from the stomach, digestive tract, spleen, 
 etc.; and as the blood is forced back to these organs, the changes 
 in the stomach are increased and congestion and inflammation of 
 other organs follow. There results diarrhea, enlarged spleen, 
 piles, abdominal dropsy, or more than one of these conditions may 
 exist at the same time. This disease is called cirrhosis, or sclerosis 
 of the liver, meaning a hardening. It is also called hob-nailed liver ; 
 rum- drinker 's liver, whiskey liver, etc. With the single exception 
 of syphilis, this disease can only be produced by alcohol and is 
 frequently met with in habitual drunkards. 
 
 During the early stages of inflammation, liver abscess may 
 form, and death may occur before the liver has had time to shrink. 
 
 The Kidneys. — The effect of alcohol upon the kidneys is 
 much the same as upon the liver, and is the most chronic of all 
 forms of kidney disease. The blood vessels supplying the kidneys 
 are large in proportion to the size of the organs. This subjects 
 them to a proportionately large amount of the irritating effects of 
 alcohol, hence their great liability to disease. 
 
 The whole organ becomes shrunken, and the outer portion is 
 nearly obliterated. This is also called sclerosis. It is one form of 
 Bright' s Disease and is most often produced b} r alcohol. 
 
 The Heart. — Blood cannot circulate freely through the 
 kidneys, as many small vessels have been destroyed, hence it is 
 crowded into other channels. This renders them full and tense, 
 and the heart beat is increased in proportion. The heart is 
 
8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 enlarged, and the muscle fibres of the small arteries throughout 
 the whole body are increased as a result of the extra strain upon 
 them. 
 
 Fatty Degeneration of the heart may and does follow the 
 low form of inflammation produced by alcohol. Gradually the 
 cells of which the organ is formed lose their vitalit}^ degenerate 
 and are changed more or less into fat. The muscle fibres become 
 indistinct, and the tissues are soft and easily torn. 
 
 The Arteries. — Degeneration of the walls of the arteries 
 takes place, i.e., many cells change more or less to fat. While in 
 this condition the cells constituting the arteries are unable to 
 exert their selective power, and lime salts are frequently deposited. 
 These salts are always present in the circulation, but in health are 
 prevented from entering the walls of the blood vessels. Any 
 disturbance of the nervous system leaves the tissues without 
 proper support, and the individual cells are unable to absorb proper 
 nourishment. The larger arteries are comparatively free from 
 danger, because their walls are thicker and stronger. The 
 medium-sized arteries are most affected — those of the upper and 
 lower extremities and those supplying the brain. Ultimately some 
 of these vessels become changed into a hard, brittle tube, like the 
 stem of a clay pipe. 
 
 In amputation such arteries are secured with difficulty, as 
 the ligature or thread with which they are tied is liable to cut 
 through. This condition of the arteries is the principal cause of 
 apoplexy, as in their diseased condition any strain, heavy lifting, 
 or sudden bending forward, may so increase the blood pressure 
 as to cause rupture of such vessels in the brain. Aneurism (see 
 Aneurism) or Aortic Stenosis (see Stenosis) may also occur. 
 
 Brain and Spinal Cord. — Upon the brain and spinal cord 
 alcohol produces the same effect as upon other organs or tissues : 
 First, congestion ; second, a low form of inflammation, followed 
 by an overgrowth of connective tissue. The contraction of this 
 tissue produces hardening here as elsewhere. 
 
 The contraction of the connective tissue in the brain and cord 
 causes pressure upon the nerves, nerve cells and surrounding 
 tissue, obliterates many small vessels, interferes with nutrition, 
 and the result is hardening and loss of function. The hardening 
 is called sclerosis. This is responsible for many forms of spinal 
 paralysis, and may be caused by alcohol or other irritants. 
 
 Bronchial Tubes, etc. — Alcohol also produces alow form of 
 inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the bronchial tubes 
 and air cells of the lungs. This is called chronic bronchitis. 
 Alcohol produces the same changes here as elsewhere. At first 
 the mucous membrane is congested and thickened, the calibre or 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 9 
 
 size of the air tubes is lessened, and the secretions are increased 
 by reason of the increased amount of blood. This produces irri- 
 tation and cough, and more or less expectoration of thick, tena- 
 cious mucus. 
 
 The same catarrhal condition may be produced in the mucous 
 membrane of the digestive tract, causing chronic diarrhea. Chronic 
 catarrh may also result. 
 
 Absorption of Water. — Alcohol absorbs water from every 
 part of the body, and this is the reason so much water is needed 
 after drinking liquor. Alcohol also extracts water from the blood 
 corpuscles, leaving them shrunken. The absorption of water 
 causes condensation and hardening of all the tissues. This is most 
 marked in the brain because the brain requires so much blood and 
 contains so much alcohol. The brain is the seat of reason, judg- 
 ment, memory, emotion, sympathy, charity, love, etc., but the 
 effects of alcohol bring these noble qualities to the brute level. 
 
 Delirium tremens is caused by alcohol, which absorbs so much 
 water from the brain tissues. As the brain shrivels and shrinks, 
 and the vessels become irregular, the optic nerve, or nerve of 
 sight, becomes so drawn and bent that it transmits to the brain 
 tortuous, grotesque and frightful objects, while the excitement of 
 the victim is the result of the poison acting as an irritant. For a 
 time the user of alcohol lives fast in a physical sense, and enjoys 
 animal exhilaration, but while he is doing this, the changes 
 already described are taking place — slowly, but surely. It is true 
 that it may require several years to produce the change in some 
 people, while in others the same condition is produced in a shorter 
 time; but sooner or later these changes occur in all who continue 
 the use of alcohol. 
 
 AMENORRHEA.— (See under Diseases of Women). 
 
 AMYLOID DEGENERATION. — (See Diseases of 
 Liver). 
 
 ANi3sMIA. — In this disease there is a deficiency in the 
 number of the red corpuscles of the blood. The corpuscles present 
 contain the normal amount of coloring matter, but for some reason 
 their number is diminished. There are two forms of this disease 
 — Ancsmia and Pernicious Ancemia. Ischemia is localized Anaemia. 
 The last is generally due to the sudden shutting off of the blood 
 supply. 
 
 Causes. — Anaemia may result from deficient food supply or 
 improper food, lack of fresh air, want of sunshine, a scrofulous 
 tendency or disposition, overwork, unhygienic surroundings, or 
 indigestion followed by a catarrhal condition of the stomach and 
 bowels; or may follow protracted fevers, ulcer of the stomach, or 
 Bright' s Disease. See Pernicious Anemia , following. 
 
IO FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — The patient is pale, weak and irritable; the lips 
 look bloodless, and the conjunctiva, or mucous membrane which 
 lines the eyelids, is pale and white looking; there is loss of appe- 
 tite, dyspepsia, and may be acid fermentation in the stomach and 
 eructations; at times there may be nausea and vomiting. There 
 may also be dizziness or fainting, or palpitation of the heart. The 
 palpitation, when it occurs, is sympathetic, and is the result of 
 the condition of the stomach. The heart and stomach lie in close 
 relation and the same nerves supply both organs. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. In this disease the blood lacks the normal elements as a 
 result of indigestion and constipation, and contains many impur- 
 ities ; hence the treatment consists wholly in regulating the con- 
 dition of the bowels and in nourishing food, never forgetting an 
 abundance of fresh air and regular habits. The remedies which 
 may be used in this disease are Iron, and Fowler's Solution. 
 Blaud's Pills in 5-grain doses after meals are recommended by 
 some, and are undoubtedly of value. We recommend as an excel- 
 lent combination the following : 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 6 " • 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Glycerine i l /i ounce. 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful three times a 
 day, after meals. 
 
 Iodide of Arsenic is also a good remedy; if substituted for 
 the foregoing, the dose should be 1-50 of a grain, taken between 
 meals and at bedtime. 
 
 If the heart is troublesome, give 2 drops of Fluid Extract of 
 Digitalis three or four times a day, or less often; or give 2 grains 
 of Caffeine every three hours, or as needed. Give either one 
 of these often enough to keep the heart regular. 
 
 For the digestive tract, give 10 grains of Salol after meals and 
 at bed time — four doses a day. 
 
 If constipation is present, give 15 drops of Fluid Extract of 
 Cascara in the morning, or morning and night. This amount may 
 be increased or diminished to suit the case. Before giving the 
 Cascara, give 1-5 of a grain of Calomel every hour until two 
 grains have been taken, and if while giving the Cascara the liver 
 seems to be inactive, give an occasional 5^-of-a-grain dose of 
 Podophyllin. This amount may be given every night, if neces- 
 sary. It will not be necessary to continue the Calomel. 
 
 If there is headache or dizziness, give one pill or tablet of 
 Aconitine Amorphus, 1-100 grain, every one or two hours. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. u 
 
 If there are neuralgic pains, give one pill or tablet — 1-250 of 
 a grain — of Gelsemine every thirty minutes until it takes effect. 
 If the eyelids become heavy and droop, it is from the effects of 
 the Gelsemine, and if continued, the amount of the dose should 
 be decreased or taken less often. 
 
 B. The successful treatment of anaemia demands pure, dry air; 
 a wholesome, mixed diet, adapted to the digestive powers ; daily 
 moderate and cheering exercise; a daily stimulating and cleansing 
 bath; and the employment of such medicines as strengthen the 
 digestive organs and improve the quality of the blood. Flannel 
 should be used next the skin, and should be changed frequently. 
 
 The following may be used with advantage: 
 
 Caulophyllin 2 scruples. 
 
 Ptelea.... 2 
 
 Strychnia 1 grain. 
 
 Kxtract Dandelion 2 scruples. 
 
 This should be mixed and formed into about forty pills, one 
 of which should be taken three times a day, an hour before eating. 
 In connection with this take the following: 
 
 Ammonia-Citrate of Iron y 2 ounce. 
 
 Dissolve in two ounces of water, and add two 
 ounces of Lemon Syrup. Take a teaspoonful 
 half an hour after each meal. 
 
 This treatment should be persevered in, especially the Iron, 
 for sometime after all anaemic symptoms have disappeared. 
 
 ANEMIA, PERNICIOUS OR PROGRESSIVE.— In 
 
 the pernicious form all of the conditions which produce the ordi- 
 nary anaemia are exaggerated. 
 
 Cause. — There has never been any cause given for this 
 disease, yet we wish to state what seems to us to be a reasonable 
 cause for this ailment. First, however, we will enumerate the 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease comes on without warning. First 
 there is languor and constipation, followed by palpitation of the 
 heart, difficult breathing, dizziness, fainting, poor appetite, nausea 
 and vomiting; later there is fever and disturbance of sight. The 
 patient is thin and weak. There are degenerative changes in the 
 arteries and in the marrow of long bones, fatty degeneration of the 
 liver and spleen, and rupture of small vessels just beneath the 
 skin causes hemorrhage and gives the skin a mottled appearance. 
 There are also hemorrhagic spots in the liver and kidneys, and 
 degeneration of the heart muscles. 
 
 This condition and all of these S3miptoms indicate a lack of 
 nourishment from some cause— poor food, dyspepsia, or bad 
 hygiene. We believe the greatest cause to be the unhealthy condi- 
 tion of the digestive tract. There are four avenues of elimination 
 for the waste material in the body: One is the lungs, poison being 
 
12 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 eliminated by the air cells and tubes. Carbonic acid gas is given 
 off through this channel, also i *A pints of fluid in the form of 
 watery vapor, every 24 hours. This vapor contains many poisons, 
 the nature of which is not known. Another avenue is the skin. 
 Many waste materials are eliminated through the pores of the 
 skin. Another avenue is the kidneys. The kidneys eliminate 
 many waste products, the principal one being urea, a deadly 
 poison. The remaining channel for elimination is the digestive 
 tract, but elimination by this route is checked, and the constipation 
 allows degenerative changes to go on, resulting in the production 
 of many poisons. These are absorbed more or less into the circu- 
 lation, gradually the system becomes permeated with the impurities, 
 and gradually the patient is brought under their lowering tendencies . 
 This condition would not only account for pernicious anaemia, but 
 for typhoid fever, consumption, cancer, softening of the brain, 
 and any and all chronic diseases. The primary, or first cause, is 
 dyspepsia, followed by constipation and lack of elimination, as 
 stated. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 First, cause thorough elimination by the digestive tract by 
 means of cathartics, and also flush the bowels with large injections 
 of warm water. Give ten doses of Calomel, 1-5 of a grain each, 
 every 30 minutes, and follow with one or two tablespoonfuls of 
 I^axol (see Index). Arrange for good ventilation, see that the 
 surroundings are all made clean and wholesome, and give frequent 
 feedings of the most nutritious food. If there is evidence of 
 dyspepsia, give artificial digestants (see Index). Give 1 teaspoonful 
 of Bovinine with each meal, increasing the dose to 2 or 3 teaspoon- 
 fuls if the patient does not object. Give 1-50 of a grain of Iodide 
 of Arsenic three times a day, between meals and at bedtime, or 
 perhaps a better remedy would be the following: 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron % ounce. 
 
 Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Blixir, enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 
 
 Give 10 grains of Salol four times a day. Give frequent baths, 
 keeping the skin clean and healthy. Following the baths rub the 
 surface lightly each time. Cod I^iver Oil may be applied to the 
 skin after each bath, or, if the odor is objectionable, Sweet Oil 
 instead. This will relieve the friction and allow massage to go 
 on to greater lengths; also the oil that is absorbed is digested and 
 appropriated by the system. 
 
 ANASARCA.— (See under Dropsy). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 13 
 
 ANEURISM. — Aneurism is a tumor formed by the bulging 
 of an artery. The artery may become weakened at some point, 
 as described under Atheroma, or aneurism may be the result of 
 violent exercise or heavy lifting. The force of the circulation 
 may be brought so direct as to cause slight bulging, which gradu- 
 ally develops into a large tumor. This sac formation, small at 
 first, gradually becomes larger, as with each heart beat the blood 
 is driven into it with greater force. It may occur on any artery, 
 but usually occurs on one of the larger arteries. 
 
 Cause. — Aneurism may be caused by diseased arteries, such 
 as result from syphilis, alcohol, old age, or any condition where 
 there is mild inflammation long continued, as described under 
 atheroma. It may also result from Bright' s disease, from violent 
 exercise, from heavy lifting, or from the formation of an abscess 
 near an artery. 
 
 Symptojns. — The most prominent symptom of aneurism is a 
 pulsating tumor. By making pressure upon the artery above the 
 tumor, that is, on the side toward the heart, the tumor will dis- 
 appear, showing that the blood has drained away; by making 
 pressure below the tumor, or on the side farthest from the heart, 
 the tumor will become larger as the blood is gradually pumped 
 into it. These tumors also produce a peculiar whirring sound. They 
 may form on the aorta, that is, the large artery that is given off 
 from the lower left cavity of the heart and which is the beginning 
 of the arterial system. If the tumor forms in the chest cavity, it 
 may cause pressure upon the nerves which supply the lungs, and 
 will cause cough; if it presses upon the nerve which supplies the 
 heart, it may excite or depress the heart's action; if it presses upon 
 the nerve that supplies the organ of voice, it will cause hoarse- 
 ness. The same nerves supply all of these organs. They pass 
 down, one on either side of the neck, and enter the chest cavity. 
 Aneurism may exist for a limited time without noticeable symp- 
 toms, but as the tumor grows it presses upon and wears away any 
 and all tissues with which it may come in contact. It wears away 
 bone as well as soft tissue, 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The first object should be to secure quiet. The patient should 
 rest as much as possible. If the aneurism is not large, the patient 
 can be around, but lying down several hours a day will be of 
 great benefit. When we remember that the number of heart beats 
 is from 20 to 30 less to the minute while lying down, we can 
 readily understand the advantage of this suggestion, because the 
 whole object is to lessen the circulation and lessen both the 
 frequency and force of the heart beat. It is only by this means 
 that any relief can be secured. A very low diet is also of great 
 
14 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 benefit. Veratrum and Aconite are given internally in i-drop doses 
 every hour with a view to slowing the heart's action and lessening 
 the force of the pulse. Mechanical pressure is also used. When 
 the aneurism is favorably located, by making pressure above it, 
 on the side toward the heart, the circulation is brought to such 
 a low ebb that the aneurism remains nearly empty. If the disease 
 is the result of syphilis, anti-syphilitic treatment should be given. 
 If the artery is on an arm or a leg, and all other means fail, the 
 artery may be tied above the aneurism, thus shutting off the 
 blood pressure. Should gangrene follow the tying of an artery, 
 amputation would be necessary. 
 
 ANGINA PECTORIS.— (See under Diseases of the 
 Heart). 
 
 DISEASES OF THE ANUS. 
 
 The anus is the lowest part, or termination, of the bowel. It 
 is surrounded by muscular fibres, called sphincter ani, which keep 
 the orifice closed when the bowels are not to be evacuated. It is 
 subject to 
 
 Fissures, 
 
 Fistulas, 
 
 Hemorrhoids, or Piles, 
 
 Prolapsus Ani. 
 
 Itching. — An annoying itching is often felt at the anus, for 
 which the best treatment is to keep- the parts very clean with 
 good soap and water, and to take internally Sulphur and Cream 
 of Tartar. Also the application of an ointment made of Carbolic 
 Acid in the proportion of r A teaspoonful of Carbolic Acid to ^ 
 pound of fresh lard, will stop the itching and burning so common 
 in diseases of the anus. 
 
 FISSURE OF THE ANUS.— An ulceration of the anus. 
 
 Cause. — There are various causes which may result in such 
 an abscess, among which are constipation and piles. 
 
 Symptoms. — In case of a fissure the pain attendant upon 
 evacuation continues for several hours instead of a short time, as 
 in the case of piles. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Fissure should be treated by a physician. The treatment 
 recommended below is the proper one, but really requires a 
 physician to make the application. 
 
 A. Clean the parts thoroughly and touch up the cracks with 
 Nitrate of Silver. If this does not cure, have the parts stretched 
 under Ether. (10). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 15 
 
 FISTULA. — An unnatural passage leading from the skin or 
 mucous membrane to any other surface. Occurring in the bowel, 
 it is simply the track of an unhealed ulcer. 
 
 Cause. — In a rectal fistula the ulcer is the result of constipa- 
 tion or injury; usually the former. The pressure from the dry 
 and hardened faeces produces irritation and inflammation to such 
 an extent that an ulcer forms. This may be one, two, three or 
 four inches above the external opening; usually it is about two 
 and one-half inches above. Suppuration continues, extending 
 toward and usually appearing upon the surface. Where the pus 
 burrows through until an opening is made on the surface, the 
 fistula is spoken of as complete; if it does not reach the surface, it 
 is spoken of as a blind or incomplete fistula. 
 
 Symptoms. — The most prominent symptom is the passage of 
 faeces through the false opening. There is also a feeling of 
 uneasiness and, sometimes, more or less pain, although the pain 
 and burning sensation are not so marked as in fissure. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The first part of the treatment only belongs to the patient to 
 perform for himself, and consists in taking an active cathartic, 
 and, after the bowels have moved thoroughly, to wash out the 
 lower bowel with an abundance of water — two or three quarts. A 
 physician will then pass a groove-director through the external 
 opening into the bowel, cut through to the surface and make 
 provision for dressing the wound. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS— PILES. — Piles are tumors situated 
 about the anus or just within the rectum. The former are external 
 piles, the latter, internal piles. Both varieties may exist at the 
 same time. In some cases these tumors break and blood is dis- 
 charged from them, in which case they are spoken of as bleeding 
 piles; if there is no discharge of blood, and they remain internal, 
 they are spoken of as blind piles. 
 
 Cause. — What seems to be an imperfection in the anatomical 
 structure of the veins surrounding the rectum is the primary 
 cause of this trouble. The veins throughout the body and lower 
 extremities are well supplied with little valves which prevent a 
 return of the blood, but for some unknown reason those sur- 
 rounding the rectum are not thus supplied. The absence of these 
 valves favors congestion, and the veins gradually bulge until 
 small sacs are formed. Everything that irritates the lower bowel, 
 as strong physics, habitual costiveness and any of the causes 
 which tend to produce it, as straining at stools, etc., will cause an 
 increase of blood in this part and a consequent congestion, and 
 piles are the usual result. 
 
16 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain, often a burning sensation, and a protru- 
 sion of the pile. Usually there is hemorrhage, which may be 
 slight or very profuse. If tiie hemorrhoids are large and remain 
 internal, there will be a constant desire to evacuate the bowels for 
 the reason that the sensation is the same as though the mass con- 
 sisted of fecal matter. An examination will reveal the true 
 condition. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 All conditions are benefited by the free use of intestinal anti- 
 septics: 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolate of Soda in tablet form, 
 or the same amount of Salol, either in tablet form or powder, 
 should be taken four times a day. To insure greater regularity 
 of bowel movement, avoid meats and all heavy foods for supper. 
 It is a well established fact that by eating light suppers difficul- 
 ties of constipation are more readily overcome. 
 
 Local Applications: 
 
 A. The following ointment will be found of value in many 
 cases of piles: 
 
 Vaseline i ounce. 
 
 Nut-Galls, pulverized 80 grains. 
 
 Pulverized Opium Yi drachm. 
 
 Put on a plate and mix together thoroughly 
 with a case-knife or something of the kind. 
 Use after each movement of the bowels. 
 
 If the bowel comes down, put it back, carrying it up with 
 the index finger as far as possible. This will cure simple piles, 
 but in case of fistula or hemorrhoids it will be necessary to have 
 a surgical operation. 
 
 B. Tincture of Iodine 10 drops. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 10 " 
 
 Morphine Sulphate 5 grains. 
 
 Nut-Galls, powdered 80 " 
 
 I^anoline, enough to make 1 ounce. 
 
 (80). 
 
 C. Flour of Sulphur 2 ounces. 
 
 Nut-Galls, powdered 1 " 
 
 Opium, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Add lard enough to make a paste and mix 
 thoroughly. (63.) 
 
 D. Tannic Acid 15 grains. 
 
 Borax, powdered 10 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 
 
 Vaseline 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply to piles two or three times 
 each day. Keep bowels regular with mild 
 laxatives. (42.) 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 17 
 
 IB. Take the inner bark of the white oak 
 tree, boil and strain, and boil again until you 
 obtain y z pint of the extract, very thick; then 
 add yi pint of oil of the oldest and strongest 
 bacon you can procure; simmer together until 
 a union takes place when cold. Apply by the 
 finger up the rectum every night Abstain 
 from strong and stimulating diet. 
 
 While the foregoing remedies are recommended as the most 
 satisfactory methods of palliative treatment, a cure cannot be 
 promised by their use. After the sacs have once formed, local 
 treatment is uncertain. In many cases it will relieve, and pos- 
 sibly in some cases effect a cure. The only sure treatment, 
 however, is the injection method or removal with the knife. 
 The latter requires anesthetics and two weeks in bed; the injec- 
 tion method requires neither, and does not interfere with the 
 occupation whatever it may be. The injections are made by the 
 use of a hypodermic needle, and the treatment would, therefore, 
 almost necessarily belong to a physician to perform. 
 
 PROLAPSUS ANL— A falling of the lower intestine, 
 which is sometimes protruded from the body at great length. 
 
 Cause. — This trouble occurs in weak and delicate children 
 and is the result of general debility. The whole system is 
 relaxed, and the sphincter muscle, which in health guards the 
 external opening to the bowel, loses its sensitiveness and power 
 to control. The connective tissue support is relaxed and weak- 
 ened along the digestive tract, and the prolapse is simply the 
 result of gravitation. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The bowels should be kept regular, and a small quantity of cold 
 water should be injected into the rectum each time before the 
 bowels move. This contracts the tissues, is stimulating in its 
 effects, and tends to prevent the trouble. When prolapse occurs, 
 the part should be carefully replaced; usually this may be done 
 without much trouble. The child should lie down with the hips 
 elevated, and Sweet Oil or Vaseline be applied, as it will facilitate 
 movement. Now carry the part inward carefully, by the finger. 
 If this does not succeed, wrap a thin, soft cloth about the finger. 
 The surface of the bowel adheres to the cloth, hence is more 
 rapidly replaced. If the bowel is exposed for any great length, 
 the part should first be bathed with cold water. This contracts 
 the tissues. Now apply the Sweet Oil, elevate the hips, and stand 
 the child on its head, if necessary; but usually there is no trouble. 
 
 2 
 
28 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 APHASIA. — Aphasia means partial or complete loss of the 
 power of expression. The patient may not be able to recall words, 
 or may not be able to comprehend words, either written or spoken. 
 In that variety of Aphasia known as ataxic, the patient is unable 
 to control the muscles of the face and mouth. This disease, or 
 these difficulties result from some lesion or imperfection in the 
 brain. There is no danger to life, and they are not amenable to 
 treatment other than good hygienic surroundings and the usual 
 attention to proper habits and principles. 
 
 APHONIA. — Aphonia means the loss of voice, partial or 
 complete. Partial loss of voice may be caused by any interference 
 with the nerves that supply the larynx, or organ of voice. This 
 is a branch .of a nerve that rises in the back part of the brain, 
 passes down the neck into the chest and supplies the lungs, heart 
 and stomach. Interference with this nerve, or with the branch 
 that supplies the organ of voice, may be caused by tumors, by an 
 aneurism, by tuberculosis of the vocal chords, or by cancer of the 
 throat. A temporary cause may be, and usually is, the paralysis 
 that follows diphtheria. In the absence of some local cause, the 
 lesion or difficulty must be in the brain. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Tuberculosis of the vocal chords may be benefited by treatment, 
 but this treatment would have to be applied by a physician. 
 There might be a temporary relief aiforded in cancer of the throat 
 by spraying with antiseptic solutions. The aneurism (for treat- 
 ment, see under Aneurism) or the tumor would be found in close 
 relation to the jugular vein, either in the neck or high up in the 
 chest cavity. 
 
 For a tumor, the probable treatment is removal, or tying of 
 the arteries that supply it. This would necessitate an operation. 
 Before resorting to surgical means, however, the following treat- 
 ment may be given a trial: 
 
 Ivocal applications of Iodine should be made and the patient 
 should take large doses of Iodine internally, as 2 teaspoonfuls of 
 Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at bed time; or, 12 
 to 15 drops of Tincture of Iodine in % glass of milk taken instead. 
 The dose of Acid or Iodine should be increased until the eyes 
 present a catarrhal condition. This is an indication that the patient 
 is taking all the system will bear. He should then go back to half 
 the dose and gradually increase as before. If there is no improve- 
 ment at the end of four weeks, an operation is justifiable. 
 
 APOPLEXY. — A disease characterized by the sudden loss 
 of the power of sense and motion. The name is derived from 
 certain Greek words which mean a striking or knocking down, 
 inasmuch as the subject of it falls to the ground unconscious as if 
 he had received a violent blow. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 19 
 
 Cause. — It is caused by pressure on the brain substance, 
 resulting from the rupture of an artery. Men are more subject 
 to it than women, and those attacked usually have short necks 
 and corpulent figures. Excesses in diet and alcoholic drinks are 
 predisposing causes, also Bright' s disease and syphilis. 
 
 Symptoms. — There are three forms of attack. A person seized 
 with the first form falls suddenly in a state of insensibility, 
 breathes heavily with a snoring sound, pulse full and strong, face 
 generally flushed, body covered with a clammy sweat, veins of the 
 head and temples standing out as though overfilled, and the eyes 
 fixed and bloodshot. Sometimes convulsions occur, foam issuing 
 from the mouth. The face is drawn toward one side. 
 
 In the second form the disease begins with a sudden pain in 
 the head; the patient becomes pale, sick and faint, and usually 
 vomits ; the skin is cold and the pulse feeble ; occasionally there 
 are slight convulsions; the patient may or may not fall, but is 
 likely to recover soon from all the symptoms except a headache, 
 which will continue until after a time the patient becomes 
 oppressed, forgetful, unable to connect ideas, and finally sinks 
 into insensibility from which he never rouses. In some cases this 
 form is accompanied with palsy of one side; in other Cases no palsy 
 occurs. While this form of attack does not appear so frightful as 
 the first, it is of more serious import. 
 
 The third form is the sudden loss of power on one side of the 
 body, also a loss of speech but not of consciousness; or, if the first 
 attack is accompanied with stupor, it soon passes off. The patient 
 appears rational and endeavors to answer questions and indicate 
 his desires by signs. This may be called paralytic apoplexy, and 
 in some cases it passes into apoplexy proper and the patient dies. 
 In other cases, under proper treatment, he may recover rapidly, 
 or the recovery may be gradual; or he may live for years with 
 imperfect speech and the loss of the use of an arm or a leg. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor, and 
 while waiting for him loosen the clothing, especially about the 
 neck, raise the windows to give free circulation of air, prevent 
 crowding about the patient, put the feet in hot water, as hot as 
 ought to be borne, and apply a mustard plaster to the calf of the 
 legs and along the spine, and, if the patient can swallow, give a 
 large dose of Castor Oil or some active cathartic. 
 
 A. Keep patient in semi-erect resting posture. Apply cold to 
 head and heat to extremities. If possible, give something to act 
 thoroughly on the bowels. Mustard to back of neck. Send at 
 once for doctor. — (14.) 
 
20 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Apply cold application to the head. Put cord around 
 arm, three inches above elbow, and draw it down tightly. When 
 the large vein just below the cord is tense and full, cut with a 
 sharp pointed knife, and when one pint or a pint and a half of 
 blood is taken, remove cord and put a compress on the wound, or 
 hold with finger pressed on it. Use a clean knife. — (9.) 
 
 C. Tincture of Aconite, 15 drops in ^ a glass of cold water. 
 Give 2 teaspoonfuls every half hour until improvement sets in, 
 then every hour or two hours. I have been very successful with 
 this for over thirty years. — (18.) 
 
 Persons who have a tendency towards apoplexy, and espe- 
 cially those who have had one stroke, should avoid highly 
 seasoned food and stimulating drinks. If an immediate attack is 
 feared, use frequent cathartics, say twice a week, eat plain food, 
 drink no spirits, use cool baths for the head and hot ones for the 
 feet, and take plenty of out-of-door exercise, but avoiding fatigue, 
 excitement, or over-exertion. 
 
 APPENDICITIS. — The appendix is a narrow tube, usually 
 from two to four inches in length, and in diameter about the size 
 of a goose quill, or a little larger. It is situated in the abdom- 
 inal cavity, rather low down and toward the right side. It is 
 attached to the back part of the caecum. The caecum is the 
 somewhat dilated commencement of the large bowel. Appendi- 
 citis is inflammation of the appendix. The attached end of the 
 appendix opens into the caecum and the outer end is closed. 
 Sometimes appendicitis occurs more than once in the same person. 
 This is called recurrent appendicitis. The appendix consists of a 
 mucous lining, an outer and inner muscular coat and a peritoneal 
 covering. These are all continuous with the structures of the 
 caecum, in fact, the appendix is merely a branch or offshoot of 
 the caecum, and its structure is the same. There is localized 
 peritonitis in appendicitis, and in severe cases the tendency is 
 toward the formation of an abscess. 
 
 An abscess always renders the case more grave, yet an 
 abscess is the exception and not the rule, and even when it forms 
 it is often, though not always, absorbed, that is, carried away by 
 the circulation, and complete recovery follows. There is alto- 
 gether too much excitement and fear regarding appendicitis. 
 This is the natural result of the extravagance in operative 
 procedures. If the price of operation was brought down to a 
 reasonable limit, at least seventy-five per cent of the operations 
 would cease at once. 
 
 Cause. — Many statements have been made and many theories 
 advanced regarding appendicitis, yet the cause is not so myste- 
 rious. The first cause of appendicitis is indigestion; following 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 21 
 
 this is unhealthy blood and an unhealthy condition of the digestive 
 tract. Constipation results, with the production of many poisons 
 and irritating substances. This condition produces a low form of 
 inflammation, which extends along the digestive tract and into 
 the appendix, and the secretions of this organ become unhealthy. 
 The result may be simply a catarrhal condition which is so mild 
 as to give no symptoms other than a few colicky pains, or the 
 attack may extend all the way from this state to a more severe 
 form, and even to death. Injury to the appendix, irritation from 
 external causes, or any condition producing congestion and 
 lowering the vitality of the organs will aid in producing appen- 
 dicitis. It has been stated that the caecum is the somewhat dilated 
 commencement of the large bowel, and that the appendix is 
 attached to and opens into the caecum. When the food does not 
 digest, it ferments, gases are formed, and the caecum becomes 
 dilated. When the caecum dilates, the opening into the appen- 
 dix is enlarged and the pressure of gases may force many 
 substances into the appendix that never would have entered if 
 this part of the digestive tract had been healthy. If the surgeon 
 operates at this time, he makes the startling discovery that appen- 
 dicitis was caused by — well, whatever he happens to find. Some 
 irritating substance finding its way into the appendix may act as 
 an exciting cause, but the real cause is excessive irritation pro- 
 duced by a diseased digestive tract. This results in inflammation, 
 and, if the appendix is involved, it is appendicitis. Usually the 
 attached end of the appendix remains open and the products of 
 inflammation are discharged into the bowels. This is why ninety 
 per cent of the cases recover without operation. 
 
 The condition of the mucous membrane of the appendix in 
 appendicitis is the same as that of the bowel in diarrhea. The 
 only danger is that the membrane may become so swollen that 
 the attached end will be closed, in which case there would be no 
 opportunity for drainage and the swelling and pressure would 
 soon shut off circulation. This is the first step towards the form- 
 ation of an abscess. The swelling and pressure may be so rapid 
 and the circulation shut off so suddenly that gangrene will result 
 in patches. This accounts for those exceptional cases where rup- 
 ture occurs during the first 48 hours; the rupture follows the 
 gangrene. These cases are fatal. An operation could have been 
 performed early enough to save life, but the trouble is that a 
 rupture is not expected so soon. These cases seldom occur. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are: 
 
 First, sudden onset of pain. This may occur in the region of 
 the appendix, or anywhere in the abdominal cavity. 
 Second, nausea and, usually, vomiting. 
 Third, elevation of temperature, or fever. 
 
22 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Fourth, the localizing of the pain over the seat of the appen- 
 dix, though later, in severe and even fatal cases, both pain and 
 fever may disappear and the patient feel and appear comfortable. 
 Continued pain a?id soreness is not evidence of a severe case ; on the 
 contrary, it is evidence that the case is not severe. The pain is 
 the result of neuralgic conditions, while the soreness is simply 
 evidence of a diseased digestive tract. When the appendix is 
 attacked, the abdominal wall or muscles over that region may be 
 more or less tense. This is Nature's effort to protect the parts 
 beneath, yet these symptoms amount to little because this tension 
 or resistance may be entirely wanting within a few days and yet 
 the case prove a fatal one. After the first onset the most severe and 
 dangerous cases are attended with the fewest symptoms, as will be 
 shown. 
 
 When an abscess forms, there is usually thrown out a false 
 membrane, forming a sack, which surrounds the appendix and 
 encloses the pus. An abscess increases in size by the destruction 
 of tissue from within outward, first destroying the walls of the 
 appendix. In like manner the inflammation keeps extending 
 further back, and always keeps outside the pus. This inflam- 
 matory zone constitutes the sack already mentioned which sur- 
 rounds the appendix. If there should be an abscess within the 
 appendix, and the appendix should rupture, the newly formed 
 sack would hold the pus for a few days, when, if absorption 
 did not take place, that is, if the pus was not carried away by 
 the circulation, the sack too would rupture and allow the con- 
 tents to pour into the cavity of the abdomen ; the poison would 
 then cause general peritonitis, and death would result. Sometimes 
 the sack is wholly impervious, that is, completely retains the 
 contents, which renders the disease purely local. In these cases, 
 instead of the usual symptoms of abscess, such as chills, fever, 
 etc., there are no marked symptoms; the temperature is about 
 normal, there is no pain, and the patient may feel able to attend 
 to his accustomed duties. These abscesses may escape detection 
 from even the most experienced surgeon. Such cases should be 
 operated upon, yet in many of these the real condition is not 
 understood. The patient may seem to be making rapid progress 
 toward recovery, when suddenly there is a change; the abscess 
 has ruptured, the patient has collapsed, and in a few hours death 
 closes the scene. We are aware that some surgeons may criticise 
 our statement that they cannot always detect an abscess in the 
 abdominal cavity when it is present, yet the foregoing is the 
 result of our experience in the field of operation and we feel it 
 our duty to state the facts. 
 
 Some physicians claim to cure all cases by medication; others 
 contend that even after the abscess forms it is better to wait for 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 23 
 
 one week, and then, if absorption does not take place, to operate; 
 still others can see only one form of treatment for all cases, that 
 is, operation. While the first is depending upon his medicine, 
 and the second waiting for absorption, rupture may suddenly 
 occur, with the results already described. In the case of the man 
 who always operates, death may result from the operation itself, 
 that is, the removal of the appendix from a healthy man will cause 
 death in two or three per cent of cases. 
 
 If an operation reveals an abscess, and the appendix and 
 surrounding structures are found firmly bound by inflammatory 
 adhesions, it is good practice to wash out the abscess cavity and 
 drain, and not persist in the efforts to tear the appendix loose, as 
 such efforts might cause rupture into the abdominal cavity and 
 this would be liable to result fatally. 
 Treatments . — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — As the pain in appendi- 
 citis is very severe, it is assumed that a doctor will be sent for 
 immediately. In the meantime, however, much may be done to 
 relieve the patient. 
 
 If a severe pain is felt in the right side of the abdomen, put 
 a mustard plaster over the pain, and give injections of water as 
 hot as can be borne, the water to be made slippery with soap — 
 soft soap is really better for this purpose than castile. Or, take a 
 tablespoonful of Turpentine and the yolk of two eggs, beat thor- 
 oughly together, put into a quart of hot water, and use that. The 
 latter makes an excellent injection as it serves to draw the gas 
 from the bowels. Also give warm drinks — some balm tea. Catnip 
 tea, or something of that kind, is soothing and quieting to the 
 nerves, and gets the patient to sweating. Of course, he will be 
 put to bed. In place of the mustard plaster, cloths may be wrung 
 out of a hot decoction of some bitter herb (as Smar tweed, Worm- 
 wood, Tansy, etc.), and applied hot. 
 
 A. Perfect quiet and a good physician. — (4.) 
 
 B. Take a tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in a goblet of hot 
 water. Apply hot fomentations and send for a doctor. Keep 
 constantly in a reclining position. — (14.) 
 
 C. Send for a surgeon. In the meantime Epsom Salts, table- 
 spoonful in water every three hours until bowels move freely. Do 
 not give an opiate. — (19.) 
 
 APTHiE. — (See under Diseases of Children) . 
 
 ASCITES.— (See under Dropsy). 
 
 ASTHMA. — Asthma is paroxysmal, and is usually a 
 chronic disorder or disease of the organs of respiration (breath- 
 ing). 
 
24 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Cause. — The exact cause of this disease has never been 
 satisfactorily determined. It is believed by some to be hered- 
 itary, but it may start from diseases of the lining membrane of 
 the nasal passages. It may be caused by sudden changes from a 
 dry to a damp atmosphere. It is seldom entirely cured. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is characterized by extreme difficulty in 
 breathing and an oppressive sense of suffocation. There is 
 wheezing, and a distressing tightness about the chest. The 
 trouble usually comes on quite suddenly, sometimes in a few 
 hours. After the first attack the sufferer has warning symptoms 
 of its approach. These warnings are the symptoms proper, only 
 in a milder form. During the attack the face is usually flushed, 
 and spasm of the respiratory muscles may exclude the air from 
 the lungs to the extent that cyanosis may result. In cyanosis the 
 patient turns blue, the eyeballs become prominent, and the respir- 
 atory muscles, especially those of the neck, become distended. 
 In some cases respiration becomes a mere gasp as the poor victim 
 struggles for breath. The attack may last for a few hours only, 
 or for a whole day or night, or both. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Before a Doctor is Called. — If one is subject to 
 asthma, he should have on hand, to take when a paroxysm 
 occurs, the following: 
 
 Ipecac, powdered (or the crushed 
 root) i drachm. 
 
 Bloodroot, powdered (or the 
 
 crushed root) yi " 
 
 Lobelia Seeds, crushed (or the 
 
 leaves) 2 " 
 
 Mix these three ingredients together, then fill a coffee cup 
 (about one-half pint) one-third full of white sugar, or say half 
 full, drop in the mixture and stir all together thoroughly with a 
 spoon. Fill the cup nearly full of boiling water. Pour it out 
 of a teakettle that has been boiling, turning it in slowly and 
 stirring thoroughly with a spoon at the same time. Continue to 
 stir it occasionally as long as the water remains warm, then set it 
 to one side and let it settle. When thoroughly settled, strain. 
 During a paroxysm, take a teaspoonful of this liquid every fifteen 
 or twenty minutes until sick at the stomach. By that time the 
 lungs will have relaxed and the person be comfortable. Probably 
 the second dose will be sufficient to relieve him. 
 
 Note. — If the above mixture is put into a bottle, corked tight and set 
 in a cool place, it will keep four or five weeks. By adding one or two 
 ounces of Glycerine to each pint, the mixture, bottled, will keep for months. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 2 $ 
 
 A. The following is a most excellent remedy to take between 
 the attacks of asthma: 
 
 Nitrate of Strychnine x /$ grain. 
 
 Sulphate of Atropine 1-20 " 
 
 Glonoin 1-10 " 
 
 Glycerine « 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 2 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful before meals 
 and at bedtime. 
 
 In case of threatened attack, take one teaspoonful every 
 hour until the throat is dry or the face flushed; then take one 
 teaspoonful every two or three hours for a few doses. 
 
 The Strychnine is a systemic or general tonic; the Atropine 
 dilates the small vessels, brings the blood to the surface, relieves 
 congestion, and is one of the best remedies to relieve muscular 
 spasm. Glonoin produces the same effect on the circulation and 
 is also a powerful heart stimulant, but has no direct action upon 
 the muscles involved. 
 
 This remedy has recently been tried by us in some severe 
 cases, and been uniformly successful. It is by reason of this 
 success that we feel justified in recommending it to our friends 
 across the water. (62.) 
 
 B. Pulverized Lobelia 1 drachm. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and let stand two weeks, shaking the 
 mixture every day. 
 
 Use. — Pour 15 or 20 drops on a handkerchief and inhale 
 through mouth and nose. Should relieve asthma in three 
 minutes. If not, repeat the inhaling process. (58.) 
 
 C. Dried Mullein leaves, soaked in a strong solution of Nitre 
 (Saltpetre) and again dried. Smoke in a pipe and inhale the 
 smoke, or inhale from a saucer. 
 
 To an adult, 25 drops of Laudanum. Inhalation of steam. 
 Keep room well ventilated. (14.) 
 
 D. Oil of Lobelia 1 drachm. 
 
 Potass Iodide 3 " 
 
 Water 3 ounces. 
 
 Syrup 3 " 
 
 Mix and dissolve. 
 
 Dose: A teaspoonful three or four times a 
 day. (8.) 
 
 E. Inhalation of fumes from Jamestown weed. (60.) 
 
 F. If the spasmodic action is very considerable, and has 
 arisen soon after a full meal, let an emetic (see Emetics) be at 
 once given. Probably the best emetic in this case would be 
 
26 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Ipecac, the dose of which would be one teaspoonf ul of the powder, 
 or a teaspoonf ul of the fluid extract, or from one to three 
 teaspoonf uls of the syrup; to be taken every fifteen minutes until 
 the spasm is relieved. In the meantime get the feet into hot 
 water for fifteen or twenty minutes, followed with Mustard to 
 the feet, to divert the blood from the lungs. Warm water, or 
 some warm herb tea may be drank with the Ipecac (or other 
 emetic that may be used) to assist its action. 
 
 G. No one thing will be found to cure absolutely in all cases, 
 because there will be found complications of other diseases, differ- 
 ing in different persons, but permanent cures in some cases are 
 claimed to have been effected with the following preparation: 
 
 Lobelia Seed l /z ounce. 
 
 High Cranberry Bark... x /z " 
 
 Stramonium Seed % " 
 
 Capsicum % " 
 
 Alcohol i quart. 
 
 Mix, and let stand for two weeks, shaking 
 daily. 
 
 Dose: From one-half to one teaspoonful 
 three or four times a day as a cure, and every 
 thirty minutes for relief. 
 
 Bathing daily is believed by some to be absolutely necessary 
 to enable the system to resist the tendency to take cold, which is 
 almost certain to bring on an attack of asthma with all who are 
 subject to the disease. Begin by using warm water, but gradu- 
 ally use cooler water until able to bathe in cold water, keeping 
 this up until the little changes in the atmosphere do not have so 
 quick an effect on the system. For those for whom a daily cold 
 bath would be too severe, the following is recommended: a daily 
 sponging with a tincture of Cayenne, % ounce of the Cayenne to 
 one quart of whiskey, sponging the whole surface before dressing 
 in the morning; and with this sponging, a cold or tepid bath two 
 or three times a week. 
 
 In connection with either of these forms of bathing, some 
 internal remedy (as recommended above) should be persevered in 
 if permanent relief is expected. One difficulty with asthmatic 
 patients in not being able to effect a cure, or at least a very consid- 
 erable benefit, is that they do not continue the use of a remedy 
 sufficiently long to make a lasting impression. To work an alter- 
 ative effect, the remedy must be taken three or four times daily 
 for a month, or two or three months, as the previously short or 
 long establishment of the disease would seem to call for. 
 
 Following are a few cases given by Dr. Ray, who uses Ferro- 
 cyanuret of Potash — more commonly called Prussiate of Potash 
 ■ — in the treatment of asthma. A full history of each case is given: 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 27 
 
 1 . "Mrs. S. , aged 48, has suffered for many years from palpita- 
 tion of the heart, with dyspnoea ( difficulty of breathing ) and 
 asthma, had often been under treatment by different medical men 
 of some notoriety, but without permanent benefit, all of which was 
 made known on my first visit. Prescribed as follows: 
 
 Ferrocyanuret (Prussiate) Potassa... 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 2 " 
 
 Simple Syrup 6 " 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 1 drachm. 
 
 Mtx. Dose: — One teaspoonf ul five times a day 
 for a period of three or four months, with entire 
 relief both of heart symptoms and of the re- 
 spiratory organs." 
 
 2. " M. M., aged 60, male, feeble from long indisposition and 
 much medication, subject to chronic bronchitis of long standing, 
 expectorated freely a tough and glairy mucus, sometimes streaked 
 with blood, making constant efforts to clear his throat, trouble- 
 some cough at night and much irritability of the throat. Called 
 at my office and gave the above history, stating that he had lost all 
 hope of relief, having often been treated before. Prescribed as 
 follows: 
 
 Ferrocyanuret of Potassa 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcoholic Extract of Hyoscyamus... 1 drachm. 
 
 Water 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Syrup 3 " 
 
 Mix. Dose: — One teaspoonful 5 times a day, 
 which was taken for some months, with gradual 
 but permanent relief. ' ' 
 
 3." Mrs. McD., widow, aged 30, seamstress, robust constitu- 
 tion, but for many years subject to severe attacks of neuralgia 
 upon the slightest change in the atmosphere, even a change in the 
 direction of the wind often inducing an attack. She would 
 suffer intolerable pains, either in her face, head or limbs, the 
 disease not confining itself to any especial organ even in the same 
 attack. Called at my office for medical aid, and in addition to 
 the above stated that her digestive organs were in good condi- 
 tion, bowels regular, catamenia ( turns ) appearing at regular 
 intervals, and of natural color and duration. Prescribed as follows: 
 
 Ferrocyanuret of Potash 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 2 
 
 Simple Syrup 6 " 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 40 drops. 
 
 Mix. Dose. — One teaspoonful five times a 
 day. 
 
 Improvement constant. No return of symptoms since. Con- 
 tinued treatment for two or three months. The case being one of 
 nervous irritability, needed no other than a sedative treatment. ' ' 
 
28 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 ATHEROMA. — Atheroma means a chronic disease of the 
 arteries. This frequently occurs in old people as a natural result 
 of old age; it also occurs in the young and middle aged as 
 the result of syphilis, the prolonged use of alcohol, Bright' s dis- 
 ease, chronic indigestion, or some form of excess. In this disease 
 the arteries degenerate — lose their elasticity and become soft and 
 flabby, and the coats may contain considerable fat, and during this 
 change lime salts may also be deposited in the coats of the arte- 
 ries. This is the same form of lime salts of which bone is formed. 
 These salts are always present in the circulation, but during health 
 he various cells of the body, including those of the arteries, select 
 rrom the passing blood stream only such elements as are suited to 
 their individual use; during the degenerative change going on in 
 the arteries by reason of the diseased condition, the cells cannot 
 exercise their selective power, and lime salts maybe deposited. 
 This may occur in patches, or may include the artery for some 
 distance. In this condition and as a result of some sudden strain, 
 as heavy lifting or bending forward, an artery may easily be 
 ruptured. This frequently occurs in the brain and is the cause of 
 apoplexy. Sometimes there is an overgrowth of connective tissue 
 in the arteries, and when this contracts it hardens and becomes 
 firm and resistant. This is called Artetial Sclerosis. In any of 
 these conditions the tissues are poorly nourished. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give attention to diet, take nourishing food and keep the 
 bowels regular. Guard against any symptoms of indigestion, 
 avoid excitement, heavy lifting or athletic exercise, and take 
 internally one teaspoonf ul of Syrup of Hydriodic Acid four times 
 a day — between meals and at bedtime. Occurring in the old, care 
 should be taken to guard against injury, as this is the condition 
 present when dry gangrene is liable to occur, and the injury, be 
 it ever so slight, even as the result of carelessness in the cutting 
 of a toe nail, may excite inflammation and cause gangrene. 
 
 If the disease is caused- by syphilis, give anti -syphilitic treat- 
 ment; if it is the result of Bright' s disease, see treatment under 
 that head. 
 
 ATROPHY. — Atrophy is a wasting of tissues or of an 
 organ that was originally well formed. It means a loss of weight, 
 size and function, and is dependent upon some disorder of nutri- 
 tion. What is called active atrophy is due to the failure of the 
 cells or tissues to assimilate the nourishment brought to them; 
 passive atrophy is understood to mean a diminished supply of 
 nourishment. Adipose or fat tissue is merely connective tissue 
 (see chapter on Alcohol for description of connective tissue). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS, 29 
 
 where many of the cells are distended with fat. In atrophy 
 the natural fat is gradually removed and the cells diminished in 
 size, although the cells may still contain all the elements essential 
 to normal function or activity, the fat not being necessary to the 
 well-being of the part. Strictly speaking, however, atrophy 
 means a decrease in the ?iormal tissue elements, though as usually 
 found it is more or less associated with fatty degeneration, that 
 is, aside from the disappearance of the fat originally contained in 
 the tissues, the structure proper is more or less degenerated and 
 converted into fat. So long as waste and repair are equal and 
 the waste is eliminated as fast as produced, health is maintained 
 and atrophy does not occur. 
 
 Cause. — Atrophy is a natural result of old age; occurring in 
 the young and middle aged, it depends upon diseased conditions. 
 It may result from lack of circulation, from pressure, from 
 inflammation, from lack of food, from lack of assimilation, from 
 lack of exercise, and from bad hygiene. There is a certain 
 amount of atrophy in the arteries and tissues following amputa- 
 tion; there is atrophy of the optic nerve after removal of the eye; 
 atrophy may result from tumor pressure or from aneurism, or 
 from connective tissue overgrowth. Examples of the latter are 
 found in the kidneys in Bright' s disease and in a sclerosed liver 
 following the prolonged use of alcohol. Atrophy occurs in 
 tuberculosis and other wasting diseases. It may occur in bone 
 as well as soft tissue, and the cause is the same. 
 
 Order of Progression. — The first effects of atrophy are found 
 in the disappearance of the normal fat lying just beneath the 
 skin; second, that contained in the abdominal cavity; third, a 
 shrinking of the muscle fibers; fourth, the same effects are found 
 in the arteries and nervous tissue; fifth, and last, destruction of 
 the connective tissue. It is the destruction of the nervous tissue 
 of the brain that causes insanity during starvation. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Barring the natural decline of old age, atrophy signifies 
 disease, either local or general. If in the kidney or liver, see 
 treatment under those heads; if the result of tuberculosis or 
 other wasting diseases, see treatment as described under those 
 heads. In the absence of any known cause, atrophy requires 
 general systemic treatment. This includes nourishing food and 
 attention to digestion and elimination; it includes bathing and 
 well- ventilated sleeping rooms, daily exercise in the open air, 
 never carried to the point of fatigue, and attention to hygienic 
 surroundings. These cases will be benefited by 1-40 of a grain 
 of Strychnine in pill form, taken before meals. Also by 5-drop 
 
30 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 doses of Fowler's Solution at the same time. If the patient is 
 pale and anaemic, give 20-drop doses of Syrup of Iodide of Iron 
 between meals and at bedtime. 
 
 BALDNESS. — Baldness may be caused by the infectious 
 diseases, such as syphilis, or by a severe case of eruptive fever 
 where the disease is protracted. Baldness may also be caused by 
 some forms of ringworm (See Ringworm). Perhaps the greatest 
 cause of baldness is a lack of circulation in the scalp. The hair 
 follicles are little thimble-shaped depressions in the skin, and at 
 the bottom of each follicle is a tiny loop of blood vessels which 
 supports the growth of the hair and nourishes the connecting 
 gland. The gland, in turn, furnishes an oily secretion which keeps 
 the hair and skin smooth and soft. When the circulation is inter- 
 fered with, nourishment is lacking, and gradually the hair loses 
 11 tone" and eventually becomes loosened and falls out. In the 
 majority of cases the vitality of the hair follicles is destroyed 
 and baldness is permanent. 
 
 Many cases of falling out of the hair may be benefited or 
 cured. Baldness resulting from a ' 'run of fever' ' needs no partic- 
 ular treatment. Baldness resulting from a lack of circulation 
 requires stimulating applications, as any of those following. Mas- 
 sage regularly and persistently applied will improve the circulation 
 and aid materially in the support of the hair. Pilocarpine is 
 credited with the power of producing a new growth of hair where 
 the hair follicles are not destroyed. This remedy is very expensive 
 and we cannot speak from personal experience. If used, it must 
 be taken internally and continued for a long time. The dose must 
 be governed by the effect in each individual case. If it causes an 
 increase in the flow of saliva, this will indicate that the dose must 
 be lessened ; if this symptom is not present, the amount can be 
 continued and increased to the point of effect. Perhaps the aver- 
 age dose would be 1-10 of a grain four times a day. 
 
 The discovery that Pilocarpine would cure baldness was 
 accidental. Patients who had been kept for several months in 
 some of our hospitals and given Pilocarpine for other causes, had, 
 in case of baldness, noticed the hair began to grow. This surprised 
 both patients and physicians. The latter became interested, and 
 by comparing notes it was discovered that very many cases of 
 baldness had been cured by the prolonged use of Pilocarpine; at 
 least, there was no other known cause. 
 
 Pilocarpine increases the secretions of the whole body, 
 including those of the scalp. During the course of treatment, 
 where the Pilocarpine is given, the hair follicles and their con- 
 necting glands always contain an increased amount of secretions. 
 Putting the two facts together, that is, the increase in the secre- 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 3 1 
 
 tions and the growth of hair in those cases that had been bald 
 for years, the only intelligent solution that could be arrived at 
 was that the new growth of hair was due solely to the Pilocarpine. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Take a small handful each of the bark of Witch Hazel 
 and Bittersweet. Put this into an iron dish and pour on to it one 
 quart of boiling water. I^et it simmer (not boil) down to one 
 pint. Strain and add four ounces of Bay Rum and }4, ounce of 
 Glycerine. Rub thoroughly into the scalp once a day, shaking 
 the bottle well each time before using. If the hair follicles are not 
 destroyed, this will promote a growth of hair. 
 
 Of course, the scalp must be kept clean. Wash occasionally 
 with soap — about one ounce of the tincture of Green soap added 
 clear, a little at a time — rub the scalp gently, rinse thoroughly 
 with clear water, and then apply the above wash. 
 
 B. Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia \]/ 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 1 " 
 
 SaltsofTartar 1 
 
 Castile Soap, powdered 8 grains. 
 
 Water, enough to make 5 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and rub well into the scalp two or three 
 times a week. 
 
 C. A most excellent application is the following: 
 
 Resorsin 4 drachms 
 
 Listerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Glycerine 20 drops. 
 
 Rosewater enough to make 8 ounces. 
 
 Apply to the scalp twice a week. 
 
 D. Friction of the scalp with a moderately stiff hair brush, 
 and application of an ointment made of Carbolic Acid and Vase- 
 line in the proportion of 1 part Carbolic Acid to 48 parts of 
 Vaseline; or Oil of Tar 1 part to 24 parts of liquid Cosmoline. 
 
 I7-) 
 
 E. Frequent shampoo and massage with Tar soap. (5.) 
 
 F. Tincture Spanish Fly 1 drachm. 
 
 Castor Oil l / 2 ounce. 
 
 Purified Beef Marrow 1 " 
 
 Lemon Juice y z " 
 
 To be rubbed into the scalp morning and evening. (27.) 
 
 G* Tincture Cantharides 2 drachms . 
 
 Quinine Sulphate 1 " 
 
 Rum 8 ounces. 
 
 Rosewater sufficient quantity to 
 
 perfume 
 
 Rub a small quantity well into the scalp once a day — (21.) 
 
32 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 H Sulphate of Quinine i drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Spanish Fly i " 
 
 Liquid Vaseline I ounce, 
 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia l / 2 " 
 
 Bay Rum, enough to make 8 " 
 
 Mix together and use with a wet brush twice 
 a day, rubbing in well, — (53,) 
 
 BARBER'S ITCH.— (See Ringworm of the Beard). 
 
 BED SORES. — Bed Sores mean sores that are occasioned 
 by lying too long in one position. Sometimes only the skin is 
 destroyed, sometimes the deeper structures. Lesions of this kind 
 are most apt to occur in old people, and are very difficult to heal. 
 Circulation is poor and nutrition is at a low ebb, and there is but 
 little to stimulate the healing. 
 
 Cause. — Failure of nutrition due to low vitality and pressure. 
 These sores occur at points sustaining the greatest weight. The 
 pressure shuts off the blood supply, partially or completely, the 
 tissues die and, in severe cases, slough away. 
 
 Symptoms. — The skin may first assume a brighter red, then 
 gradually changes in color and becomes darker. Death may occur 
 at one point in the center and spread, or may occur simultan- 
 eously at several points and gradually unite. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 In case of long illness, especially of old people, bed sores are 
 very apt to occur, and those having the care of them should 
 employ 
 
 Preventive Treatments. — The position of the patient 
 should be frequently changed. Bathing and friction should also 
 be used daily, and especially over the surface where the greatest 
 pressure occurs. This will improve the circulation and aid largely 
 in keeping up a healthy condition. Clean sheets should be kept 
 on the bed, and the sheets and mattress upon which the patient 
 lies should be kept as smooth and free from wrinkles as possible. 
 Great protection may be had by placing under the patient pillows, 
 cushions, or soft quilts folded together. Air pillows are used in 
 many cases. These are simpfy circular hollow rubber tubes filled 
 with air. 
 
 Under Preventive Treatments the following applications are 
 recommended for suspected or exposed parts. 
 
 A, Tannic Acid jounce. 
 
 Glycerine 4 " 
 
 Alcohol ... 4 " 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 33 
 
 B. Prevent by keeping patient changing from side to side. 
 Do not let him lie in one position too long. Sponge back 
 and hips three or four times a day with the following: 
 
 Alum 1 drachm. 
 
 Alcohol *4 ounce. 
 
 Pad back with soft cotton so as to kee£ pressure off tender 
 places. — (13.) 
 
 C. To prevent bed sores, bathe exposed parts three or four 
 times a day with clear alcohol. — (8.) 
 
 Applications for Sores.— The surface should be thoroughly 
 cleansed at least twice a day — morning and evening — with warm 
 water and Castile soap, after which any of the following applica- 
 tions may be made: 
 
 A. Oxide of Zinc 1 drachm. 
 
 Ichthyol 2 " 
 
 Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix well, spread on a muslin and place over 
 sore. 
 
 B. Two per cent solution of Formaldehyde, which is made 
 as follows: 
 
 Formaldehyde 10 drops. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 After bathing, as above directed, wet a soft 
 cloth in the solution and lay it over the sore, 
 covering the cloth with a light bandage. 
 
 BELLYACHE. — This is a term somewhat loosely applied 
 to the various pains that may occur either in the stomach or 
 bowels. These pains are the result of indigestion, constipation, 
 or pressure from the formation of gases, either in the stomach or 
 digestive tract. They are sometimes " colicky" in nature. 
 They all indicate practically the same condition, indigestion, 
 either from overeating or eating too fast, and may also be influ- 
 enced by sedentary habits as these tend to a sluggish condition 
 of the digestive organs. It is a form of neuralgia, the same as 
 rheumatism, lumbago, etc. Neuralgia is not a separate disease, 
 but a painful reminder of our errors. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. A cathartic should be given, and the individual should 
 be more careful regarding his diet. He should eat less for a few 
 days and drink more water between meals. This will render 
 the digestive tract more active and digestion will be improved, 
 also elimination. Many of these cases call for better ventilation. 
 
 B. Give some warm tea freely, as Peppermint, Spear- 
 mint, etc. 
 
 3 
 
34 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 C. For babies, Catnip tea with a little Anise seed added. 
 If bowels are too close, use Elder blows (Sweet Elder flowers), in 
 place of Catnip. 
 
 Adults : Ten drops Essence Peppermint and 4 or 5 drops 
 Spirits Camphor in form of hot sling. (14.) 
 
 D. A teaspoonful of Paregoric for adult, followed by oil or 
 salts. In children the dose of Paregoric should be gauged to suit 
 the age of patient: a child one year old should have 10 drops; 
 a child ten years old, j4 teaspoonful. Never awaken anyone 
 to give him Paregoric, or Opium in any form, such as Morphine 
 or Laudanum. (9.) 
 
 E. For baby, strong Peppermint water without sugar, or 
 Catnip tea. If hands and feet are cold, wrap up. Warm flannel 
 over stomach. 
 
 Older children same, with suitable doses of Paregoric, 
 according to age. Give careful diet. Watch out for tender 
 point over the appendix on right flank. (13.) 
 
 F. Paregoric 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum 1 " 
 
 Spirits of Camphor 1 " 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb 2 " 
 
 Spirits of Chloroform *4 drachm. 
 
 Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful in warm 
 water every hour until relieved. 
 
 Note. — While Paregoric has been and is a very common remedy for 
 children, we wish to remind the reader of two things: First, Paregoric 
 contains Opium, and its effect is the same as to give Laudanum diluted; 
 second, small children and babies do not bear Opium well. Codeine will 
 quiet nervousness or irritability and is perfectly safe. 1-60 to 1-40 of a grain 
 would be a suitable dose for a child one year old. 
 
 BILIARY STONE.— (See Gai^-Stones). 
 BILIOUSNESS. — See Liver, Congestion of). 
 BLACK-HEADS.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 

 ~^WM 
 
 3m- *£ 
 
 4T«S. 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 No. \\. 
 
 I, Large Arteries. 2, Large Vein. 3, Ureter. 4, Bladder. 
 
 5, Nerves. 
 
THE BLADDER AND ITS DISEASES. 
 
 The bladder is a membranous sac designed as a receptacle for 
 the urine. It is situated in the pelvic cavity. Its position is sub- 
 ject to great change, according to the amount of its distention, 
 also according to the condition of the surrounding structures. 
 The bladder has four coats. The lining mucous membrane forms 
 the inner coat, next is connective tissue, then the muscular coat, 
 and last the serous coat. The connective tissue unites the 
 mucous membrane to the muscular coat. The serous or outer 
 coat is formed of the peritoneum (the lining membrane of the 
 abdomen) and does not entirely cover the bladder. The ureters 
 lead from the kidneys into the back wall of the bladder near the 
 bottom. The bladder may be considered simply as a dilatation 
 of the ureters. What is called the neck of the bladder, the point 
 of outlet, is surrounded by the prostate gland, and it is at this 
 point that the urethra begins. 
 
 DYSURIA. — The meaning of this term is painful urination. 
 It is not a disease of itself, but there are three conditions 
 especially that are liable to produce it: the first is inflammation 
 of the bladder, the second is stricture, and the third, which is 
 less severe, arises from an enlarged prostate gland. Any of these 
 conditions may result in complete retention of urine, in which 
 case distention of the bladder soon follows and the pain is 
 agonizing. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Depending upon inflammation, it is amenable to early treat- 
 ment (see Bladder, Inflammation of). Incase of stricture 
 or an enlarged prostate gland (see under those diseases), the 
 conditions are overcome with difficulty and require prolonged 
 treatment. In case of complete retention relief can only be had 
 by use of the catheter, an instrument designed to be introduced 
 into the bladder to draw off the urine. After one application by 
 the doctor a soft catheter can be applied by any one. 
 
 Retention of Urine. — Take corn silks and pumpkin seeds, 
 make a tea and drink freely of it, and place wheat bran poultices 
 as hot as can be borne over the bladder. If these fail, use 
 catherer. 
 
 35 
 
36 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 BLADDER, INFLAMMATION OF. -The bladder is 
 subject to inflammation from the following causes: 
 
 The injudicious use of irritating drugs, especially Cantharides 
 and Copaiba. 
 
 External injury. 
 
 Extension of inflammation from surrounding structures. 
 
 From local irritation, as in the formation of stone. 
 
 It may result from taking cold. 
 
 It may be caused by the urine when it contains too much 
 acid. This acid is the result of indigestion. 
 
 It may be caused by tumors or cancer. 
 
 It may be either acute or chronic. 
 
 Acute Form. — 
 
 Symptoms. — The onset is sudden. There is moderate fever 
 and burning pain in the region of the bladder, and especially 
 along the urethra following urination. The pain is increased by 
 pressure. The mucous membrane is red and swollen and there 
 is an almost incessant desire to urinate. This is not done freely 
 and is accompanied with great distress. The increased blood 
 supply results in an overproduction of new cells on the surface of 
 the mucous membrane, and these drop away into the urine and 
 are eliminated. The natural secretions of the mucous membrane 
 are changed to a thick, tenacious form, and if the inflammation 
 is severe enough small vessels will rupture and blood will also 
 appear in the urine. At first the urine may be clear, but as the 
 result of new cell formation and the thick, ropy mucus, it soon 
 becomes cloudy and undergoes decomposition. If the inflamma- 
 tion is in the neck of the bladder there may be complete retention 
 of urine (see Dysuria) , and great pain in the perineum as well as 
 great distress in the bladder. If continued, this would result in 
 distention of the kidney and blood poison. The bladder lies in 
 close relation with the rectum, and sometimes the irritation 
 causes a frequent desire to evacuate the bowels. This is called 
 tenesmus. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Put the patient to bed 
 and use hot applications to ease the pain until the doctor can 
 arrive. Cloths may be wrung out of hot water, but are more 
 effective wrung out of a decoction of Smartweed. They should be 
 put across the abdomen as hot as the patient can bear them and 
 changed often enough to keep the surface hot. Or an excellent 
 way is to put the Smartweed into two sacks, steep them up, wring 
 one out at a time and lay across the patient, changing as often as 
 necessary. 
 
DISBASBS AND TRBATMBNTS. 37 
 
 The hot applications tend to evacuate the bladder, but if the 
 case is too obstinate for relief to be afforded by such means, it will 
 be necessary for the doctor to attend to this on his arrival. 
 In calling the doctor he should be informed of the nature of the 
 difficulty in order that he may bring the necessary instruments 
 with him. 
 
 A. Give a large dose of Castor Oil or other active cathartic, 
 and put the patient to bed. Absolute quiet is necessary. If the 
 urine is highly acid, which is indicated by a high color, give a 
 teaspoonful of the following every two hours: 
 
 Acetate of Potash )4 ounce. 
 
 Tritica 4 " 
 
 If the urine is alkaline and contains thick ropy mucus, give 
 one teaspoonful of the following mixture every two hours: 
 
 Benzoate of Soda }4 ounce. 
 
 Glycerine 1 " 
 
 Water 3 " 
 
 Mix together, 
 
 or, 
 
 Salicylate of Soda y. ounce. 
 
 Glycerine 1 " 
 
 Water 3 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful every three 
 hours. 
 
 or, 
 
 Salol 10 grains every three hours. 
 
 B. Tea made of corn silks — green silks if in season. May be 
 drank freely. 
 
 Quinine in 3-grain doses four times a day in connection with 
 the remedy mentioned above. Avoid eating acids or anything 
 sour. Drink alkaline waters after meals. — (9.) 
 
 C. Benzoic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Borax 1% " 
 
 Water 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take tablespoonful every two hours 
 until relieved. 
 
 D. Tartar Emetic 2 % grains. 
 
 Epsom Salts * 2 ounces. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine 2 grains. 
 
 Tincture of American Hellebore ... iy 2 ounces. 
 
 Aromatic Sulphuric Acid y 2 drachm. 
 
 Syrup Ginger 2 ounces. 
 
 Water 10 " 
 
 Mix. Dose: — A tablespoonful every two, 
 three or four hours. — (20.) 
 
 E. Treatment depends upon conditions and causes, and 
 requires investigation by a medical man to be intelligently treated. 
 
 -(I4-) 
 
38 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 F. Give watermelon or flaxseed tea, and inject laudanum 
 and warm water into the bowel. — (6.) 
 
 Chronic Form. — Inflammation of the bladder may become 
 chronic. This is more liable to occur in old people, and may be 
 caused by stricture or by stone, but is more often due to an 
 enlargement of the prostate gland, which surrounds the neck of 
 the bladder and in an enlarged state keeps up a constant irrita- 
 tion. This is followed by congestion, a low form of inflammation 
 and an overgrowth of tissue. The walls of the bladder may 
 become one-half inch thick. The desire to pass water is unduly 
 frequent, and the bladder never entirely empties itself. (See 
 Prostate Gland Enlarged.) The urine presents a cloudy 
 appearance, is alkaline and contains a large amount of mucus and 
 pus. On standing, it deposits a thick, ropy sediment, and often 
 gives offensive odor because the retained urine undergoes decom- 
 position. Chronic inflammation of the bladder is also accompanied 
 with a dull pain and more or less emaciation and weakness. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Give 10 grains of Salol four times a day, or 10 grains of 
 Benzoate of Soda four times a day. The bladder should be com 
 pletely emptied several times a day. Eat plain food and drink 
 large quantities of pure water. If chronic inflammation continues 
 until the walls of the bladder become thickened, there is no cure. 
 Avoid active exercise, walking or riding, as these tend to aggra- 
 vate the case and increase the inflammation. 
 
 B. One ounce best Gum Arabic dissolved in a glassful of 
 water. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful every two or three hours. 
 Especially useful in chronic and sub-acute cases. — (8.) 
 
 What is called ammoniacal decomposition of urine may 
 present a cloudy appearance. This may occur without inflam- 
 mation of the bladder. Normal urine has what is called an acid 
 reaction. If a piece of blue litmus paper is thrust into it, it will 
 change to red. After the decomposition mentioned this change will 
 not occur, but the urine will now change red litmus to blue. This 
 form of fermentation is caused by the small trace of mucus that 
 is always present, and other organic matter in the urine acting as 
 a ferment converts the urea, which is normally present, into Car- 
 bonate of Ammonia. This form of decomposition can be detected 
 by the odor. If the litmus paper which has been changed to red 
 is allowed to dry, the original blue color will return as soon as the 
 Ammonia has evaporated. 
 
 BLADDER, GRAVEL or STONE IN. — Gravel may be 
 present in the bladder, having been carried through the ureters 
 from the kidneys. As stated under Diseases of the Kidneys, 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 39 
 
 this gravel is clusters of uric acid crystals. Gravel may be more 
 abundant in the bladder because there is more room for it. It 
 may collect in such quantities as to cause irritation. In the case 
 of an enlarged prostate gland where the bladder is not entirely 
 emptied, the accumulations may continue to the formation of one 
 or more stones of large size. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of gravel is fully stated under Diseases of 
 the Kidneys. Stones may originate in the bladder, but are 
 usually discharged from the kidney into the bladder where 
 they continue to grow in size. Stone may result from alkaline 
 urine following inflammation of the bladder. In this case, as 
 in the kidney, the stone would be formed of phosphates. 
 
 Symptoms. — Stone in the bladder first produces uneasiness, 
 followed by a dull pain in the region of the organ. The desire to 
 urinate is more frequent, especially during the day, or when the 
 patient is exercising. Walking and riding increase the irritation 
 and pain. Urination may increase the pain, because it is apt to 
 disturb the stone, which is sometimes drawn over the entrance to 
 the urethra and effectually stops the flow. By changing posi- 
 tion, the stone may be removed and the bladder empty itself. If 
 the stone is rough, with sharp edges, it produces severe pain 
 when brought in direct contact with the sides of the bladder as it 
 is being emptied. There is usually more or less mucus present in 
 the urine, and blood may also be present at times. A stone that 
 is perfectly smooth may reach large proportions and produce no 
 symptoms at all. 
 
 Treatments.— 
 
 A. For medical and general systemic treatment, see Stone in 
 the Kidney. If medical treatment fails, an operation will be called 
 for. It should be remembered, however, that the symptoms of 
 stone in the bladder may be caused by other conditions, and 
 an operation should never be made until an examination has 
 demonstrated the presence of stone. This examination is made 
 by passing a sound into the bladder, and by careful manipulation 
 bringing it in contact with the stone. The contact must be both 
 heard and felt. This leaves no room for doubt and is the only 
 sure method of diagnosis. 
 
 B. Drink freely of Gravel Weed tea {see chapter on herbs'). 
 If this does not dissolve the stone, and the trouble continues, 
 consult medical aid. The stone may have to be crushed with 
 instruments. 
 
4 o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 BLEBS. — Blebs are water blisters, varying in size from a 
 bean to an egg, which form on the skin. They are characteristic 
 of a skin disease known as pemphigus. (See Pemphigus) , 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 A. Open them and apply an ointment made as follows: 
 
 Carbolic Acid I part. 
 
 Lard, or Cosmoline 20 " 
 
 (70 
 BLISTER. — A thin bladder raised on the skin, containing 
 a watery fluid. It may be caused by some injury, as burns, 
 unaccustomed friction, etc. Blisters are sometimes raised with 
 plasters over the seat of a severe pain as a means of relieving the 
 pain. The vesicles that form in small-pox are small water blisters. 
 If the fluid in a water blister, or vesicle, becomes purulent, that 
 is, changes to pus, it is then called a pustule. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. For a severe blister take cabbage leaves, soften them by 
 putting in warm water, take out stems, and apply warm over the 
 blister. If the cabbage leaves are not at hand, dress the blister 
 with bread and milk poultice. 
 
 B. Draw a coarse thread in blister with a needle, cut thread 
 and leave ends protrude at least half an inch from blister. (4.) 
 
 C. The blister should not be molested so long as there is 
 any sensation of the burn, but when the pain has subsided, 
 puncture near the base, but be careful not to rupture the skin of 
 the blister as it acts better as a covering for the raw surface than 
 any artificial dressing that can be substituted. (9.) 
 
 BLOOD BLISTER.— Blood blisters are caused by a slight 
 injury, as a light blow, or pinching the skin. When these 
 effects are severe enough, some of the little vessels that are just 
 beneath the skin are ruptured, blood escapes, the outer layer of 
 the skin is raised, and this constitutes a blood blister. If these 
 are opened they should be opened with a sharp needle, which 
 should enter the skin a short distance from the base of the blister 
 and be pushed through to where blood is contained. This allows 
 free drainage and does not disturb the outer layer of the skin. 
 
 BLOOD POISONING.— This means poison in the circula- 
 tion. It is not understood to mean blood poisoning resulting 
 from contagious diseases, such as scarlet fever, diphtheria, small- 
 pox, etc., but includes only those cases of blood poisoning 
 resulting from an unhealthy or infected wound, where poison is 
 being absorbed into the circulation. Medical writers divide blood 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 4 1 
 
 poisoning into several separate forms, as follows: Septicemia, 
 Saprcsmia and Pycemia. Septicemia is frequently spoken of as 
 Septic Infection, and Saprsemia as Septic Intoxicatioji. 
 
 These divisions are largely theoretical. The cause, symp- 
 toms and treatment are practically the same in all. In treating 
 a case of blood poisoning, neither the doctor nor the public 
 consider the conditions indicated by the foregoing terms. It is 
 treated simply as a case of blood poisoning. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of blood poisoning is the absorption into 
 the system of a specific virus or poison, usually from a poisoned 
 wound. It may follow a case of confinement where the after-birth 
 or some part of it is allowed to remain in the uterus, or it may 
 result from abscess formation in the body — bone abscess, abscess 
 of the kidney, of the liver, ulcers formed in the digestive tract 
 during t3^phoid fever, abscess of the lung or abscess of the middle 
 ear. Any of these conditions may produce blood poisoning, and 
 the cause is the same — the absorption into the circulation of a 
 specific poison or virus. In some cases there is also absorption 
 of pus or other putrid matter. The absorption of both the 
 specific poison and the putrid matter is called Pycemia, meaning 
 pus in the blood. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of blood poisoning commence 
 soon after the introduction of the diseased matter. When fol- 
 lowing confinement it usually makes its appearance four or 
 five days after labor. In many cases there is a chill or sense 
 of chilliness, restlessness, high temperature, nausea, vomiting 
 and, later, diarrhea. The eliminations may contain blood, and 
 hemorrhage may occur in spots beneath the skin. There is a 
 dry, coated tongue, headache, weak, rapid pulse, scanty, high- 
 colored urine, loss of strength and emaciation. If the disease 
 continues, the temperature falls below normal, there is a gradual 
 failing of respiration, increasing heart failure, unconsciousness 
 and death. Delirium may occur during the progress of the 
 disease. In what is called Pyaemia, small abscesses may form in 
 different parts of the body, hence in these cases the symptoms 
 may vary slightly, as, a chill may follow the formation of each 
 new abscess, and following the chill a few hours later there may 
 be profuse sweating, the result of weakness. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 The treatment is the same in all cases. If the poison has 
 been absorbed from a wound, first thoroughly cleanse the part. 
 If on the surface, make a large opening and wash out carefully 
 with a strong antiseptic solution, and secure thorough drainage. 
 Dress the wound with antiseptic cloths and bandages. This will 
 cut off the supply, and the patient has now only to get rid of the 
 
42 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 poison in the system. If the wound is on the hand or foot, and 
 red lines extend towards the body, it is evidence that resistance 
 is being overcome and that the poison and inflammation are 
 extending. These lines, which are the veins, gradually assume a 
 darker hue. They should be cut open at frequent intervals and 
 the poisoned blood be allowed to escape. Wash thoroughly with 
 antiseptics and use antiseptic dressings. The wound should be 
 dressed once or twice a day, as the case demands. Thorough 
 cleanliness must be maintained or success will not follow the 
 treatment. If the foot, hand or arm is badly swollen and the 
 inflammation is extending toward the body, the limb may be 
 wrapped with a loose bandage and kept wet with a solution of 
 Corrosive Sublimate, 15 grains to one quart of water. If the 
 disease is the result of a poisoned uterus, the uterus should be 
 thoroughly washed out with warm water containing 20 grains of 
 Carbolic Acid to the pint. If any portion of the after-birth is 
 present, it must be removed by mechanical means. Like the 
 wound, the uterus may need washing out once or twice a day for 
 a few days. 
 
 These cases need stimulants. Some use large quantities of 
 Whiskey and Quinine; others depend upon 1-30 of a grain of 
 Strychnine or 2 drops of Fluid Extract of Digitalis about once 
 in three hours. These remedies are especially strengthening to 
 the heart. Give an active cathartic, secure thorough movement 
 of the bowels once or twice a day, keep the skin active by means 
 of baths and brisk rubbing, feed the patient at frequent intervals 
 with the most nourishing foods, secure good ventilation and give 
 abundance of pure water. If this general treatment is well 
 observed, there will be less danger of heart failure. If there is 
 much vomiting, put a large mustard plaster over the stomach or 
 give small quantities of milk and lime water, equal parts. The 
 lime water must be fresh. The following is also good: 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 drop. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 drachms. 
 
 Iyime Water 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take % a teaspoonful every twent}^ 
 or thirty minutes more or less often as needed, 
 or give, as one dose, 
 
 Lactopeptine 10 grains. 
 
 Bismuth 10 " 
 
 every thirty minutes or every hour. In many 
 cases crust coffee is more effectual in checking 
 vomiting than any other treatment. It should 
 be given without sugar or milk. 
 
 The points to be remembered in treati?ig blood poisoyiing are: 
 
 First, thorough cleanliness. 
 
 Second, free elimination and nourishing food. 
 
 Third, give stimulants as the case requires. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 43 
 
 BLOODY FLUX.— (See Dysentery under Diarrhea). 
 
 BLOODY URINE. — This is not a disease, but is a condi- 
 tion that may be present in inflammation either of the bladder or 
 kidneys. Its presence would indicate some trouble of this kind, 
 and an investigation into the cause of it should be made. It may 
 also be due to injury. 
 
 BOIL. — A boil is an acute affection of the skin in the form 
 of a circumscribed inflammation. It starts as a small pimple and 
 gradually increases in size until it attains certain dimensions, 
 when it suppurates and casts out pus, and a tough, whitish mass 
 of dead matter called a " core." A boil is about a week in devel- 
 oping sufficiently to discharge its contents, after which the part 
 heals. 
 
 Cause. — A vitiated condition of the blood. 
 
 A. Keep constantly covered with Carbolized Vaseline. Go 
 to your doctor for internal medicine. — (14.) 
 
 B. Boils are local troubles and do not come from bad blood, 
 as supposed by many. Some foreign matter finding its way into 
 the skin alongside of a hair is the origin of a boil. Boils need 
 poulticing until they contain pus, and should then be opened 
 with a clean knife. Do not bruise the flesh by pressing after 
 opening. Apply soft oiled cloth after the boil is open. — (9.) 
 
 Note. — The above statement as to the cause of boils is somewhat con- 
 trary to the opinion popularly held, but it is the opinion held by one of the 
 physicians represented in this book, and we desire to give all sides of a 
 question so far as the scope of the present volume will admit. 
 
 C. Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Cocaine, 10 per cent solution 5 " 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ergot 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix. Put 5 drops on a plaster made of the 
 yolk of one egg and one teaspoonful of salt. 
 Apply twice daily. — (22.) 
 
 BONE DISEASES. 
 
 Bones are two-thirds lime salts and one-third soft tissue. 
 There are 200 separate bones in the human body not counting 
 the teeth. They act as a framework and support other struc- 
 tures. The surface of bones is firm and compact; the inner 
 portion is somewhat porous, that is, contains many openings, 
 which extend in various directions. These accommodate the pas- 
 sage of blood vessels and nerves for the purpose of nutrition. All 
 bone is surrounded by a thin firm membrane called periosteum. 
 It is through the periosteum that the blood vessels are distrib- 
 uted, and from there they enter the various channels and divide 
 
44 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 throughout the bone substance ; hence, whenever the periosteum 
 is destroyed, or torn loose by accident, that portion of bone which 
 it covered may die from lack of nourishment. Bone is subject to 
 disease the same as soft tissue. Abscess, caries and ?iecrosis are 
 preceded by inflammation. In inflammation of bone the pain is 
 intense because the bone is resistant and unyielding, hence the 
 pressure is greater. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF BONE.— When this occurs in the 
 
 center of a long bone, it is called myelitis; when occurring on the 
 surface, it is called ostitis ; when it includes the whole bone, it is 
 called osteo -myelitis; when occuring in the periosteum, which sur- 
 rounds the bone, it is called periostitis. (His means inflammation.) 
 
 Causes. — Injury, syphilis, extension of inflammation from 
 other tissues. When digestion is poor, the blood contains many 
 irritating substances. Such irritation may, and often does, cause 
 inflammation of the kidneys, liver or lung, and may also cause 
 inflammation of bone. In the young and healthy, injury is the 
 most frequent cause. Inflammation of bone may terminate in 
 caries, suppuration or necrosis. 
 
 Symptoms.— In acute inflammation of bone the pain is always 
 severe. It is deep," boring," and at times agonizing, because the 
 structure is firm and resistant and there is no room for swelling 
 as in soft tissue. This is why a bone felon is so painful. The pain 
 is usually worse at night, and is also influenced by damp weather. 
 If pus forms, there are one or more chills, and later there is 
 redness and swelling on the surface, 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In acute inflammation of bone put the patient to bed, elevate 
 the affected part, put on a bandage as tight as can be borne, and 
 wet with the following solution: 
 
 Sugar of Lead 4 drachms. 
 
 Laudanum 2 ounces. 
 
 Water 2 quarts. 
 
 Give an active cathartic. Give Morphine or Opium inter- 
 nally, if necessary. If the disease has existed for some time, apply 
 heat instead of Lead, water and Laudanum. Also apply counter- 
 irritants. A large mustard plaster wrapped around the limb 
 would answer for this purpose. If unable to control the case, cut 
 the tissues clear to the bone, including the periosteum. This will 
 relieve the pressure and also the pain to some extent. If there 
 is evidence of pus, continue the opening into the bone, and if 
 pus is discovered, give free drainage and dress as directed under 
 necrosis. Any surgical measures would require the services of a 
 physician. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 45 
 
 BONE ABSCESS. — Abscess of bone is a chronic disease. 
 Bone abscess was first described by Sir Benjamin Brodie, hence 
 is sometimes called Brodie' s Abscess. It usually occurs near 
 the ends of long bones, as those of the leg or arm. These bones 
 are larger and contain more blood ; again, they are subject to 
 greater strain, hence to greater irritation. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is inflammation resulting from injury. At 
 first there is an increase in the blood supply. This is followed by 
 an increase in bone tissue. The pressure from the newly formed 
 cells and from the congested and inflamed vessels continues 
 until circulation and nutrition are shut off and the structure 
 dies. The death of the first cells occurs at any point where the 
 pressure is greatest. The surrounding bone thickens and hardens 
 by reason of the inflammation of the periosteum. Pus usually 
 breaks through at the end of the bone because the ends are not 
 covered by the periosteum, hence there is less resistance at this 
 point. The cause of abscess in bone is the same as in soft tissue 
 and the changes are the same. See abscess in Appendicitis. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is pain, which is usually worse at night 
 and which is aggravated by dampness. The pain is localized and 
 persistent. Later there is discoloration of the skin. Motion or 
 dependent position or any slight injury causes violent attacks of 
 pain. The nearest joint is especially subject to pain, the cause 
 being the sensitiveness of the synovial membrane. This mem- 
 brane surrounds the joint and is the part first affected in inflam- 
 matory rheumatism. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 We have stated before that wherever pus is discovered 
 the abscess should be opened at once. There is no exception to 
 this rule. In opening bone abscess open at the point of greatest 
 tenderness. Give free drainage, scrape away dead bone, and by 
 means of a syringe wash out the cavity with any antiseptic solu- 
 tion. Maintain absolute cleanliness. Dress the wound every day, 
 more or less often as needed. Of course the treatment also 
 includes attention to the general system, to food, ventilation, 
 elimination, etc. 
 
 ULCERATION OF BONE.— CARIES.— Ulcer in bone is 
 the same as ulcer elsewhere. The only difference between ulcer 
 and abscess is that an ulcer opens on the surface and an abscess 
 does not. Caries is death of bone resulting from ulceration or 
 suppuration. This is sometimes called molecular death, meaning 
 that only molecules or minute particles of bone are destroyed at a 
 time: it is a gradual destruction. Caries of bone excites some 
 inflammation around the diseased area, and some new tissue 
 forms. This new tissue protects the healthy bone, and at the 
 
46 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 same time some of the new tissue is destroyed by inflammation 
 and pressure and aids in the formation of pus, which is discharged. 
 
 Causes. — It may be caused by syphilis, scrofula, tuberculosis, 
 or any condition where there is lowered vitality and a lack of 
 nutrition. Caries may also be caused by mercury or phosphorus; 
 it may also be caused by freezing or by burns; it may follow 
 scarlet fever or typhoid fever where the disease is protracted, as 
 in that case the health of the patient becomes very low and the 
 system debilitated. It usually occurs in the young. Injury is 
 probably the exciting cause, that is, the immediate cause. 
 
 Symptoms. — This form of bone disease commences on the 
 surface of the bone, hence the pus can readily escape through the 
 skin. In abscess the disease commences below the surface and 
 within the substance of the bone. The symptoms are the same 
 as those of inflammation of bone, though less severe. There may 
 be some soreness, and enlargement or swelling due to the pus 
 may be noticed. If not opened, the pus breaks through and 
 is discharged. The pus from caries, or slow death of bone, 
 contains small particles of bone matter and feels gritty. This is 
 positive evidence that the bone is diseased. The odor from this 
 kind of abscess is very. foul. A probe inserted through the bone 
 and coming in contact with it causes a dull sound. A healthy 
 bone would give a clear note. The surrounding bone is softened, 
 and oftentimes the probe can be pushed through it. If not treated, 
 the opening from caries does not heal and the discharge becomes 
 chronic. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If due to syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment ; if it is the 
 result of scrofula or tuberculosis, give treatment described under 
 those diseases ; if it has been caused by the fumes of mercury or 
 phosphorus, those employed in factories where these are used 
 should change their occupation. The opening through which the 
 pus passes out should be enlarged, the dead bone scraped 
 away and the cavity swabbed with some strong antiseptic solu- 
 tion, even pure Carbolic Acid, and then washed out with pure 
 water. The greatest care should be exercised to maintain clean- , 
 liness, both in the cavity and out. New dressings are usually 
 required once or twice a day for a time, but may be lessened as 
 the condition improves. General systemic treatment is required. 
 
 SOFTENING OF BONE. — OSTEO MALATIA.— 
 MOLLITES OSSIUM. — In this disease the bones become 
 gradually softened, are dissolved, and are carried away by the 
 circulation. The urine contains an excessive amount of bone 
 salts. This change commences toward the center of the bones 
 and extends toward the surface. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 47 
 
 Cause. — The cause is said to be unknown, although some 
 believe it is the presence of lactic acid in the blood. Undoubtedly 
 the cause of bone softening is a lack of nutrition, which means 
 poor food, indigestion, lack of elimination, bad air, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — There may be light pains, rheumatic in character. 
 Fractures occur as the result of very slight cause. L,ater, the 
 bones may bend out of shape and various deformities thus result. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Mechanical support in the way of splints. Try to strengthen 
 the system by means of nourishing foods and good hygienic 
 surroundings. 
 
 DEATH OF BONE. — NECROSIS. — Necrosis means 
 death. Gangrene is necrosis. When applied to bone, necrosis 
 means death of a portion or portions large enough to be seen. 
 
 Cause — Tearing off or destroying the periosteum may be the 
 cause. The vessels which supply the bone are first distributed 
 through the periosteum, hence destruction of this membrane cuts 
 off nutrition ; inflammation may be the cause, as inflammation 
 destroys or shuts off the circulation and the tissues die for want of 
 nourishment ; it may be caused by taking Mercury or Phos- 
 phorus; it may die from injury or may follow a burn or freezing; 
 or it may follow scarlet fever or typhoid fever where the inflam- 
 mation is slow and the patien»t becomes greatly emaciated. 
 
 Where a shell of bone dies and becomes separated from the 
 surrounding healthy bone, it is called a sequestrum. The dead 
 bone is light in color because it contains no blood and because 
 bone is naturally white. The dead bone is a foreign body and 
 the surrounding healthy bone is greatly inflamed, the same as any 
 soft tissue following gangrene, and this line of inflammation 
 would correspond to the line of demarkation as described 
 under Gangrene; the periosteum surrounding the dead bone is 
 also greatly inflamed; there is a production of new tissue, 
 the same as that following inflammation elsewhere. This new 
 tissue breaks down and causes suppuration, and this leaves a space 
 between the dead bone and the living. The dead bone cannot 
 escape, and if the pus is not absorbed it breaks externally and the 
 dead bone is left in the cavity. The surrounding case of healthy 
 bone is called an involucrum, meaning a sheath of bone. The 
 opening through which the pus escapes is called a cloaca, meaning 
 a canal. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first symptom is that of inflammation of 
 bone. The pain stops when the pus escapes because the 
 pressure is relieved. A probe inserted through the cavity will 
 strike the healthy bone, which will be hard, and which, on tapping 
 
48 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 lightly, will give a clear note; in caries the sound is dull, because 
 in caries the surrounding bone is more or less affected and is soft. 
 These openings do not heal. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment consists in making a large opening and giving 
 free drainage. Scrape the cavity, if necessary, and swab it out 
 with a strong antiseptic solution. Clear Carbolic Acid is recom- 
 mended by some. Pack the cavity with Iodoform gauze and 
 dress with a bandage. These abscesses require daily dressing — 
 the dressings should be frequent enough to maintain thorough 
 cleanliness of the surface. Remove the dead bone as soon as it 
 becomes loosened. These cases usually require special attention 
 to food and careful hygienic surroundings. If the disease is caused 
 by syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment; if the result of phos- 
 phorus, change the occupation. 
 
 HYPERTROPHY OF BONE. — This means an over- 
 growth. 
 
 Cause. — Increased blood supply. This may result from a low 
 form of inflammation; said to result in some cases from ex- 
 cessive use of the part; may also result from injury in the young 
 and robust as this might cause chronic inflammation. There is 
 slight overgrowth following the healing of bone abscess or the 
 repair of fracture. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 . Local treatment is not needed for hypertrophy or overgrowth 
 of bone. If the cause is removed, that is, if the injury heals or 
 the inflammation is checked, the overgrowth will remain a 
 permanent addition to the bone. If the overgrowth is the result 
 of a low form of inflammation long continued, it will eventually 
 end in abscess, ulcer, softening or death of bone. Constitutional 
 treatment may do much to prevent this result. Much depends 
 upon diet, fresh air and proper exercise. 
 
 ATROPHY OF BONE.— (See Atrophy). 
 
 BOWELS, INFLAMMATION OF.-Inflammation of the 
 bowels is confined to the mucous membrane lining the digestive 
 tract, and is accompanied with soreness, diarrhea, fever and more 
 or less prostration. The conditions in inflammation of the bowels 
 are inseparably connected with those resulting from diarrhea and 
 dysentery. Diarrhea and dysente^ are different stages of the 
 same inflammation, and the treatment for any one of these three 
 
|L\ 
 
 7 
 
 No. U 
 
 I, Tongue. 2, Muscles of Tongue. 3, Bones of Nose. 4. Soft Palate. 
 5, Gullet. 6, Spinal Canal. 7. Vertebrae. 8, Opening to Wind-Pipe. 9, 
 Thyroid Cartilage. 10, Wind-Pipe. 11, Upper Brain. H^i Lower Brain. 
 12, Eye Cavity. 13, Artery. 14, Vein. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 49 
 
 conditions is only a modification of the treatment for the others. 
 The three can be more intelligently treated under one heading, 
 and the reader is therefore referred to the subject of Diarrhea. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE BRAIN. 
 
 The brain, which is the acknowledged medium of communi- 
 cation between mind and matter, is incased in three distinct 
 membranes and inclosed within the skull. Both the brain and 
 its membranes are subject to disease. Any disease of the brain 
 causes a disturbance of the mental faculties, the acute form being 
 characterized by delirium and the chronic form by the loss or 
 perversion of some or all of the mental faculties. All diseases of 
 the brain have a tendency towards convulsions and paralysis. 
 Owing to its inclosed position its diseases can be diagnosed only 
 by symptoms, and in cases of abnormal changes in the structure 
 of the brain the diagnosis is seldom made during life, although 
 improved surgical methods now reach and relieve or cure many 
 cases of abscess and other local lesions. 
 
 Diseases Particularly Affecting the Brain. — Alcoholism, 
 chronic dyspepsia, Bright' s disease and syphilis bring about 
 morbid changes in the structure of the brain which not only 
 render it more liable to disease, but to impairment of the mental 
 faculties. 
 
 ACUTE MENINGITIS.— The term meningitis refers 
 expressly to an inflammation of the membranes covering the 
 brain. It runs a rapid course. Death may result in a few days, 
 or the fever may continue for two or three weeks. 
 
 Causes. — It may occur during the course of acute infectious 
 diseases, i.e., scarlet fever, measles, etc. Continued sleeplessness, 
 exposure to the sun, syphilis and delirium tremens are among 
 other causes. 
 
 Symptoms. — The earlier symptoms are: intense pain in the 
 head ; redness of the face and eyes, the latter being wild and 
 brilliant and sensitive to light, and the pupils much contracted ; 
 dryness of the skin ; thirst ; lack of sleep; sensitiveness to sound; 
 costiveness; vomiting; convulsions; and delirium, which, as the 
 fever develops and increases, becomes violent. 
 
 In a few days, or perhaps hours, an entire change of symp- 
 toms takes place: light and sound no longer affect the patient, 
 his vision and hearing now being dull and perverted; the pupil of 
 the eye from being contracted now expands unnaturally ; instead 
 of being wildly delirious he is likely to lie in a semi-unconscious 
 state, muttering indistinctly; there is a twitching of the muscles, 
 and local paralysis may occur in any part of the body. 
 
50 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 If the patient recovers, these symptoms gradually disappear, 
 yet the paralysis may be obstinate or even permanent, or there 
 may be a permanent impairment of the vision or hearing. If the 
 patient does not recover, he sinks into a state of coma, succeeded 
 by death. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Dodoi Comes. — When there is indication 
 of serious brain trouble, send immediately for your doctor. In 
 the meantime the point is to recall the blood from the upper to 
 the lower extremities. For this purpose apply heat to the feet 
 and cold to the head. The feet may be put into hot water, or 
 cans of hot water laid to the feet and along the limbs. For the 
 head, the nicest thing, if there is a butcher's shop anywhere 
 around, is to get a beef's bladder, fill it about half full with 
 crushed ice, tie it so it cannot drip, and lay the head on that. It 
 makes a cool, soft pillow, does not allow dampness to spread to 
 the bed or clothing, and will sometimes keep for twenty-four 
 hours without melting. If the patient is in a stupor, this is all 
 that can be done till the doctor comes; if he is not in a stupor, 
 and is wild, a little Laudanum, say from 5 to 10 drops, according 
 to age, may be given. For a child, use Paregoric in place of 
 Laudanum. 
 
 A. Keep head cool by cold applications. Quiet, darkened 
 room, moderate temperature, Mustard to neck. Send for a 
 doctor. — (14). 
 
 B. For further treatment, see Cerebro- Spinal Meningitis 
 (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord). The same treat- 
 ment will be found most satisfactory for Inflammation of the Bi'ain 
 alone. 
 
 There is another form of this disease where the inflamma- 
 tion attacks the coverings of both the brain and spinal cord. 
 This is called 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. 
 
 Symptoms. — A typical case begins without previous symp- 
 toms or warning. The attack is sudden and frightful. There is 
 vomiting, an agonizing headache, dizziness and an overwhelm- 
 ing sense of weakness. The vomiting is peculiar; there is 
 a forcible ejection of the contents of the stomach without 
 apparent effort, called projectile vomiting. With children there 
 may be convulsions, loss of consciousness, and rapidly rising 
 temperature — 103 to 105. Within a few hours the muscles of 
 the back of the neck and back contract and become rigid. The 
 head and shoulders are drawn backward, while the feet and lower 
 limbs are drawn in the same direction. Only the heels and back 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 5 1 
 
 of the head touch the bed. There is great pain in the slightest 
 effort to move. Sleep is absent, and, if a child, its screams may 
 be heard for some distance. The whole body has now become 
 extremely sensitive, and the nervous manifestations seem past all 
 control. 
 
 Cramps or spasms of individual muscles may occur; this 
 trouble usually takes place in the lower limbs. Usually within 
 twenty-four hours there is a slight rash of a bluish red color on 
 the face and upper eyelids, especially the latter, hence it is some- 
 times called Spotted Fever. The head is hot, the feet cold. 
 There may be dark spots along the spine, caused by an excess of 
 blood and the rupture of some small vessels just beneath or into 
 the skin. 
 
 Altogether Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis presents a degree of 
 suffering seldom met in any other disease. In some cases there 
 is early collapse, that is, great prostration of the vital powers, 
 followed by rapid death, which may occur within 48 to 72 hours. 
 Where recovery takes place, the disease passes into a convales- 
 cent state in from ten days to two weeks. 
 
 The foregoing symptoms are not overdrawn, but are taken 
 from actual experience. In like manner the following sugges- 
 tions regarding treatment are not only prompted by that same 
 experience, but are the most effective in checking the disease. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 For a Child. — Place the child in a tub of warm water. If 
 he is old enough to sit upright, there should be water enough to 
 cover the shoulders; if an infant, he must be supported so that 
 his face will be kept above the surface. Pin or hold a quilt 
 around the child's neck and allow it to fall over the tub. This 
 will retain the heat and aid materially in producing sweating. 
 Pour in hot water from time to time — pour it against the side 
 of the tub and keep the water within the tub moving so as to 
 prevent the hot stream from striking the child. Gradually 
 increase the temperature of the water in this way until quite hot. 
 Allow the child to remain in the water until profuse sweating 
 takes place, say from thirty minutes to one hour — two or three 
 hours will do no harm if the child is quiet. The relief is so 
 great that the child often falls asleep in the water. 
 
 In a severe case, according to our experience, the hot bath 
 is required once in about fifteen hours for two or three days, then 
 less often. 
 
 For an Adult. — The same treatment applied to an adult 
 will meet with equally satisfactory results, but cannot always be 
 accomplished as conveniently. The bath may be substituted by 
 artificial heat, as bottles or jugs filled with boiling water placed 
 
52 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 around the patient. Also hot herb drinks may be given. These 
 are not likely to cause nausea, and aid in producing perspiration, 
 which is the object of the treatment. The patient should be 
 kept well covered. 
 
 How does this benefit the patient? Simply by equalizing the 
 circulation. Just beneath the skin is a dense network of blood 
 vessels estimated to be capable of holding one half the blood in 
 the body. The heat from the warm water dilates these small 
 vessels, and they are immediately filled with blood ; this relieves 
 the brain and spinal cord. The treatment should be repeated 
 often enough to keep the patient quiet. The need of it will be 
 indicated by contraction of the muscles and increasing pain. The 
 head will be hot and the feet cold. 
 
 All physicians understand that drug medication is of little 
 value, and may do actual harm by irritating the stomach, which 
 is extremely sensitive, and thus increase the vomiting. 
 
 Absolute quiet must be maintained as far as possible. When 
 the appetite returns, the question of feeding is an important one, 
 as any interference with digestion may cause alarming symptoms 
 and even a relapse. Only the most nourishing and easily digested 
 food should be allowed, and this in small quantities at first. 
 
 TUBERCULAR MENINGITIS-This disease is an inflam- 
 mation of the membrane covering the brain. During the disease 
 the under surface of this membrane is covered more or less with 
 small elevations or tubercles about the size of a millet seed, hence 
 the name — Tubercular Menhigitis. 
 
 The tubercles are situated mostly on the under side of the 
 membrane, that is, next to the brain substance. They follow the 
 small arteries, and this obstructs the circulation and causes 
 pressure, and there follows an escape of the blood into the brain 
 substance. The ventricles or lymph spaces are distended, which 
 increases the pressure still more. This pressure accounts for the 
 over-sensitiveness and delirium which are often present, also for 
 the insensibility, deepening into coma, which precedes death. 
 
 Cause.— This disease is caused by irritants in the blood. These 
 may be the result of scarlet fever, measles, typhoid fever, or may 
 result from improper food and indigestion. The reason children 
 are especially liable to this disease is that the brain is not weti 
 developed and lacks the power of resistance. 
 
 Symptoms. — Irritability, poor appetite, child loses flesh, 
 abdomen may be enlarged, loss of sleep, sudden screaming of the 
 child either day or night. The head is often thrown backwards 
 or rolled from side to side, the child may keep its hands more or 
 less about the head, and there may be vomiting. All of these 
 symptoms gradually grow worse. The child is very sensitive to 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 53 
 
 noise. Later the symptoms subside, the fever disappears, there 
 may be delirium or stupor, and the child lies motionless, taking 
 no food. The result is always fatal. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 There are some remedies recommended for this disease, but 
 without much hope of cure. The only treatment seems to be 
 symptomatic. Make the child as quiet and comfortable as pos- 
 sible, secure good ventilation, give the most nourishing food, etc. 
 Syrup of Iodide of Iron is recommended by some, also small doses 
 of Quinine, or Cod Liver Oil if the child can take it. Salol is 
 also a good remedy. 
 
 Of the Syrup of the Iodide of Iron, the dose for a child one year 
 old would be from 3 to 5 drops taken in a little sweetened water 
 four or five times a day between feedings; of the Quinine, 1-5 of 
 a grain dose four times a day ; of the Cod Liver Oil, a teaspoon - 
 ful of the clear oil of good quality may be taken three times a 
 day. The Salol is intended for the bowels, the dose for a child 
 one year old being from one to two grains four times a day, If 
 the bowels are free from offensive odor, give one grain ; if not, 
 increase the dose until there is an improvement and then return 
 to the original dose. 
 
 For this disease we wish to recommend the treatment under 
 Cere bro- Spinal Meni?igitis. We would suggest three baths every 
 day, allowing the child to remain in the water at least one hour 
 each time. 
 
 SOFTENING OF THE BRAIN.— When softening of 
 the brain occurs, it usually follows diseased arteries. It may 
 result from a weak heart. Diseased arteries and a weak heart 
 are the natural results of old age. Softening of the brain may 
 follow Bright' s disease, or accident or injury where from hemor- 
 rhage or blood clot the circulation is shut off. It may follow 
 mental overwork, aneurism, or inflammation, where swelling and 
 pressure interfere with nutrition. When occurring in the young 
 or middle aged, it is the result of alcohol or syphilis. These pro- 
 duce chronic inflammation of the arteries and the vessels become 
 soft and flabby, lose their elasticity, and change more or less to 
 fat; this constitutes Atheroma. The arteries are formed of three 
 coats or membranes. The inner coat is composed of a single layer 
 of flat cells joined together edge to edge, like a tile floor. This 
 layer of cells has the power to prevent the coagulation — clot 
 formation — of blood. In the inflammation following syphilis or 
 the prolonged use of alcohol, the inner coat is sometimes des- 
 troyed in places, and wherever this occurs blood clots form. These 
 may be broken loose by the circulation and carried to the brain, 
 
54 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 when, on reaching some artery too small for their passage, they 
 completely shut off the circulation, and for want of nutrition 
 that part of the brain supplied by such an artery will die and 
 degenerate. The diseased artery may occur in the brain and be 
 followed by blood clot. In this case the symptoms are of a more 
 chronic nature. In the plugging of an artery in other portions 
 of the body the congestion and exudate are usually absorbed, 
 or may become organized, that is, bands of connective tissue may 
 form and later be followed by arteries. In this case the circu- 
 lation and nutrition of the part gradually improves, and the 
 diseased area returns to its normal state, barring the contraction 
 of the new tissue formation, which resembles a scar ; but in the 
 brain, softening generally results. The muscles and skin are the 
 most resistant to degenerative changes, and the brain and bowels 
 the least. When through a lack of circulation the brain is de- 
 prived of nourishment, it readily undergoes degenerative changes, 
 the tissues softening. Softening of the brain means death of 
 the part. The dead area is not circumscribed, but passes insen- 
 sibly into the surrounding tissues. The brain is composed of 
 nerve cells and their prolongations, the nerve fibres, all held toget- 
 her by a form of connective tissue called neuroglia. The cells 
 are dark and situated on the surface; the fibres are light in color 
 and are situated beneath the surface. The cells are first affected, 
 though the fibres first show degenerative changes. I,ater the 
 cells degenerate, and finally the connective tissue and the arteries, 
 and together these break down in a granular mass containing 
 much fat, hence may be called fatty degeneration, though is gene- 
 rally called softening. As the tissues soften they change in color 
 to red, yellow or white, the color being governed by the amount 
 of blood in the vessels and the amount of exudate. Softening 
 of the brain is named in accordance with the color of the tissues. 
 The so-called yellow softening is simply a later stage of the red 
 softening where the color of the blood has gradually faded. 
 Where the circulation is shut off suddenly, as by a blood clot, 
 the color may remain white, or white softening may become red 
 as a result of hemorrhage into the diseased area; hence we see 
 that these divisions are of little value. jBrain softening is most 
 common in the aged as a result of narrowing of the arteries 
 following chronic inflammation and a weak heart. 
 
 The brain is supplied by two sets of arteries. Both arise from 
 the same source, yet in their distribution they are entirely sepa- 
 rate. One set supplies the surface and outer portion, and the 
 other supplies the central portion. There is no communication 
 between them, hence there is a borderland of diminished blood 
 supply; and this accounts for some cases of softening, especially 
 in the aged. 
 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 55 
 
 Symptoms. — Where the circulation is shut off suddenly, as 
 the result of a blood clot or hemorrhage, there would be dizziness, 
 fainting and unconsciousness. Occurring less suddenly, there 
 would be pallor, more or less loss of power, dizziness, headache, 
 and occasionally fainting might occur. This condition and these 
 symptoms would follow disease of the arteries from old age, 
 alcoholism, syphilis, Bright' s disease, or any condition where there 
 was general debility. In these cases softening of the brain would 
 be secondary and there would be other evidences of disease before 
 the degenerative change in the brain had made its appearance. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Since the degenerative changes in the brain are secondary to 
 other diseases, the treatment must be directed to the general sys- 
 tem. If from syphilis, give anti-syphilitic treatment ; if due to 
 alcohol, stop the use of alcoholic drinks; if from Bright' s disease, 
 see treatment under that head. Whether from these causes or 
 from old age, the treatment consists practically in diet, tonics, 
 and the internal administration of some of the Iodides. The 
 Iodides in any form are simply a means of administering Iodine, 
 which cannot be taken in the pure form (or raw state) because it 
 is too irritating. Iodine is valuable following chronic inflamma- 
 tion because it is one of the best known remedies to liquefy the 
 products of inflammation and render them in a condition to be 
 more rapidly taken up and carried away by the circulation. Iodine 
 is also a most excellent antiseptic, thus aiding the blood in over- 
 coming the morbid influences of disease and putrefactive changes. 
 In treating this condition, elimination must receive special atten- 
 tion. If there are any evidences of indigestion, artificial digestants 
 should be given. If the bowels are inactive, give Podophyllin 
 in ^ -grain doses at bedtime. Also give 10-grain doses of Salol 
 four times a day. Regarding the choice of Iodine preparations, 
 Iodide of Arsenic may be given in doses varying from 1-100 to 
 1-50 of a grain four times a day, between meals and at bedtime ; 
 or one teaspoonful of the Syrup of Hydriodic Acid four times a 
 day may be substituted. Iodide of Potash is equally as valuable 
 but its taste is decidedly unpleasant. If the patient is pale and 
 anaemic, Iodide of Iron would be the best preparation — 1-50 of a 
 grain four times a day, between meals and at bedtime. Only the 
 most nourishing and easily digested food should be allowed. The 
 amount of exercise will depend upon the condition of the patient. 
 If the brain trouble is the result of a blood clot or hemorrhage, if 
 the pulse is full and the temperature elevated, an active cathartic 
 should be given, followed by small doses of Aconite until the 
 condition is changed. The same treatment should follow inflam- 
 mation of the brain. Absolute rest and mental quiet would also 
 be indicated. 
 
56 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 BRAIN, HARDENING (Induration) OF.— In cases of 
 chronic inflammation, a directly opposite effect may be produced, 
 the brain matter hardening instead of softening. Such chronic 
 inflammation may follow any of the infectious diseases, or be the 
 result of rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Cause. — The hardening process is the direct result of new 
 tissue growth. This tissue as naturally supplied acts as a frame- 
 work for all the structures of the body, including the brain, but 
 when resulting from inflammation it invariably contracts, and the 
 natural tissue is either pressed upon or caught in the mesh of the 
 contracting fibers and destroyed. 
 
 Symptoms. — In the early stages hardening of the brain matter 
 causes convulsions because of the pressure. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — It is assumed that in case 
 of convulsions a doctor will be called. In the meantime put the 
 patient in bed, surround by hot packs, cover with quilts, and, if 
 able to swallow, give hot drinks — hot teas of herbs that possess 
 sweating properties, as Pleurisy Root, Golden Seal, etc, would 
 be best. Sweating relaxes the system and, if the disease has not 
 progressed too far, relief may be had in a short time. It will 
 readily be seen, however, that the conditions are such that only 
 temporary relief is likely to be afforded. 
 
 BRAIN, CONCUSSION OF.— Due to a shock or injury 
 to the brain, as a fall from a horse, etc. In accidents of this 
 kind the brain substance is liable to be ruptured or torn. This 
 result may follow when there is no fracture of the skull, or frac- 
 ture may occur without serious injury to the brain substance. 
 Fracture where there is no displacement of bone may be over- 
 looked. 
 
 Symptoms. — The patient usually lies in an unconscious con- 
 dition. He may partially recover and indulge in incoherent, 
 rambling talk, or may lie and moan; periods of delirium may 
 occur. Also vomiting may occur, according to the part of the 
 brain affected. Injury to the base of the brain will produce 
 vomiting. Any brain injury sufficient to produce unconscious- 
 ness should be considered dangerous. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Tih the Doctor Comes. — Get the patient out of an 
 exposed condition, either from a hot sun or from cold, as soon as 
 possible. It would be a good idea to put the feet into hot Mus- 
 tard water and to put a Mustard plaster to the nape of the neck. 
 If the surface is cold, apply artificial heat by any means. If he 
 is in a stupor, this is all that can be done till the doctor comes; if 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 57 
 
 he has revived and is delirious, a little L,audanum, say from 5 to 
 10 drops, according to age, may be given. If a child, give Pare- 
 goric in place of Laudanum. 
 
 A. The recumbent posture; ice cap to the head. 2 -drop 
 doses of Tincture of Aconite every three hours. Sips of hot water 
 to relieve vomiting, if present. (7). 
 
 BRAIN, ABSCESS ON.— (See Abscess). 
 
 BRAIN, TUMORS ON.— Tumors may form on the brain 
 which do not suppurate, that is, do not become abscesses. The 
 effect produced, however, is very much the same, that is, charac- 
 teristic of brain lesions. These lesions (changes brought about 
 by disease or injury) of whatever nature, if produced by consti- 
 tutional disease, as syphilis, etc., are benefited by constitutional 
 treatment. 
 
 BRAIN, WATER ON. —(See Hydrocephalus, under 
 Dropsy) . : . 
 
 BREASTS, DISEASES OF.— (See under Diseases of 
 Women) . 
 
 BRIGHT'S DISEASE.— (See under Kidney Diseases). 
 
 BRONCHITIS.— (See under Utng Diseases). 
 
 BRONCHOCELE.— (See Goitre.) 
 
 BRONZED SKIN— ADDISON'S DISEASE.— This is 
 
 a constitutional disease, consisting of a peculiar anaemic condition. 
 It is characterized by a coloring of the skin that has given rise to 
 the term, "bronzed skin disease." It first affects the supra-renal 
 capsules— small organs situated at the upper margin of the kid- 
 neys. 
 
 Cause. — Diseased conditions of the blood, as from scrofula or 
 syphilis. 
 
 Symptoms. — It begins insidiously. There is a gradual lessen- 
 ing of vital force, causing a feeling of languor and indisposition. 
 The person is easily fatigued, is troubled with shortness of breath 
 and some palpitation of heart. There is loss of appetite, indiges- 
 tion, depression of spirits and an inclination to sleep a great deal. 
 The skin at first presents a pale appearance, the pallor extending 
 also to the mucous membrane of the mouth, then gradually turns 
 dark, later becomes jaundiced, and finally changes' to a mulatto or 
 bronze hue. In persons of fair complexion, probably the first 
 noticeable change would be a darkening of the skin. The ten- 
 dency of the disease is towards death, which usually occurs within 
 a year or two. 
 
58 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — In diseases of this kind that creep on stealthily, 
 a doctor is not usually consulted until the disease is too far 
 advanced to give him a fair opportunity to do anything for the 
 patient. Therefore, if a person is not feeling well, he should try 
 to improve his condition by taking care of himself and taking the 
 simple home remedies that seem to fit his case; but if after a 
 reasonable trial there is no improvement, he should see his doctor 
 without further delay. 
 
 A. Compound Syrup of Stillingia 4 ounces. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 
 
 Shake, and let dissolve. 
 
 Dose.— 1 teaspoonful three times a day, be- 
 tween meals and at bedtime. Take an alkaline 
 bath twice a week. 
 
 B. Fresh Sulphurous Acid should be frequently applied. Get 
 small vial at a time and keep well corked, as it otherwise absorbs 
 Oxygen and becomes Sulphuric Acid, which irritates and exco- 
 riates. — (14.) 
 
 C. Perfect rest and freedom from care and mental wprry. 
 Good, nutritious diet. Stimulation with coarse towels after a hot 
 bath. By using a little Sweet Oil on the surface the rubbing, or 
 massage, may be carried on indefinitely without irritation, and 
 more than that, it produces a soft, healthy texture. Any portion 
 of the Oil that is absorbed goes to nourish the system. Also give 
 1-20 grain doses of Arsenic after meals, and 10-drop doses of 
 Tincture of Iron three times a day after meals. — (7). 
 
 BUNIONS — BURSA, ENLARGED.— A bursa is an 
 irregular cavity formed in the loose connective tissue around 
 joints, being situated between the tendons. The bursa is filled 
 with a fluid which is poured out over the surface of the tendons 
 to facilitate their movements and prevent friction. A bursa may 
 be either superficial or deep. The superficial are those that pro- 
 tect the small tendons in their movements over light joints near 
 the surface, as, for instance, the ball of the great toe; the deep 
 bursa is to protect the large tendons in their passage over rough 
 bony prominences situated around large joints, as, for example, 
 the hip joint. Continued pressure from tight shoes excites a mild 
 inflammation of the bursa over the great toe joint and increases 
 its secretions. This constitutes a bunion and, if continued, 
 results in an overgrowth of the bone, causing permanent deformity. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Turpentine externally and poultices of hot Flax seed at 
 night. Chloroform liniment to relieve pain. — (7.) 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 59 
 
 B. Put cloths saturated with Turpentine over the bunion on 
 retiring. Bandage to keep cloths in place. 
 
 C. Get shoes to fit. Apply bunion plaster. — (13.) 
 
 D. Paint with Tincture of Iodine. When very painful, 
 apply hot fomentations of Smartweed and Wormwood. Avoid 
 irritating part. 
 
 CANCER. — There are two principal varieties of cancer, one 
 called sarcoma and the other called carcinoma. The first usually 
 occurs before forty years of age, and the second, after that period. 
 These two forms of cancer differ only in the appearance (as shown 
 under the microscope) of the cells of which they are formed, and 
 in the kind of tissue in which they occur. Practically there is no 
 difference, for, unless successfully removed, either is destructive 
 to life. 
 
 Cause. — There are two theories regarding the cause of cancer: 
 One is that it is caused by a germ, and the other that it is the 
 result of degenerative changes going on in the body. While 
 there are a number of investigators who hold to the germ theory, 
 although unable to discover the germ, the majority believe that 
 cancer is the result of the retrograde changes mentioned. That 
 standard authority, Green's Pathology, page 249, states that the 
 germs or parasites found, which are claimed to be the cause of 
 cancer, ' 'apparently are not parasites, but are degenerate cells or 
 products of cells. In the few cases in which parasites have been 
 present in the tissues, they may have been there as a secondary 
 infection." Page 256 states, ''Some cancers seem to be due to 
 irritation in people whose resistance is diminished." 
 
 First, let us remember that the human body, all parts, tissues 
 and organs, are composed of small particles of matter called cells. 
 The life work of these cells is to take up nutrition, to constantly 
 build up their own structure and to eliminate waste material. 
 The failure from any cause to take up nutrition is the first step 
 in the chain of malignant tissue growth that leads to cancer. In 
 health the blood contains elements of nutrition, which are sup- 
 plied through the circulation. When nutrition is lacking, it is an 
 indication that the blood is unhealthy, — the result of poor food, 
 or of indigestion from some cause. In health the tissues and 
 individual cells are under the intelligent guidance of the nervous 
 system and for a time can successfully resist the morbid influence 
 or effects of unhealthy blood, but when this condition exists too 
 long, or the amount of poison in the blood increases beyond a 
 certain limit, it will cause congestion; mild at first and perhaps 
 unnoticed, yet after a time, at some point where the resistance is 
 least, the nerve fibres become more or less paralyzed, and this 
 allows the congestion to increase, lessens nutrition and leaves the 
 
60 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 tissues without proper control. In health the nervous system 
 controls the function of the cells and retards decay and death; but 
 with this power or influence lessened and the tissues gorged with 
 unhealthy blood, the cells at that point multiply more rapidly and 
 deviate more or less from the normal. This is the beginning of 
 cancer. 
 
 The conditions from which cancers arise, then, may be 
 enumerated as follows, remembering that inflammation always 
 depends upon an irritant which excites an increased blocd supply: 
 
 First, an unhealthy digestive tract, lack of nourishment and 
 the formation of many poisons. 
 
 Second, the absorption of the poisons, which act as irritants. 
 
 Third, the irritants produce first, congestion, and second, 
 inflammation. 
 
 Fourth, the result of the inflammation is an increase in the 
 blood supply, and the tissues at that point being overfed, the 
 cells first enlarge, then divide and subdivide, first one and then 
 another, and thus new tissue forms. But the blood is unhealthy, 
 the vitality low, and the morbid effects of the degenerative changes 
 which are constantly going on in the new growth renders the 
 cells malignant and the blood more impure, and in turn the in- 
 flammation and growth are increased. 
 
 In health the cells constituting the different organs and 
 tissues of the body have a certain well defined size and shape, not 
 all alike, but each peculiar to the organ or part to which it 
 belongs, and which under the microscope can be recognized just 
 as a man can be recognized by his appearance. But as a result of 
 the conditions described the cells constituting the growth lose 
 their identity, and this is the reason that there is no specific 
 cancer cell, that is, no particular size or form. The cells may be 
 large or small and variously shaped, due to their malignancy and 
 mutual pressure upon each other. As a result of rapid growth 
 and from lack of vitality, they break down easily. The cells 
 constituting ' ' proud flesh ' ' may be large or small like the cancer 
 cells, but they too lack vitality and break down easily. When 
 the general system is unhealthy and the surrounding tissues offer 
 but slight resistance, the growth is rapid. The new cells do not 
 have time to develop, but remain small and the growth soft. The 
 softer the growth the more numerous the blood vessels, hence 
 more blood and lymph are supplied. These are the reasons why 
 this form of cancer is more rapidly fatal. If the vitality improves, 
 the resistance improves also, and the growth is checked in pro- 
 portion. Cancerous growths have a framework of connective 
 tissue the same as other organs. This connective tissue is strong 
 and fibrous. It pervades and supports all the organs and struc- 
 tures of the body. The growth of the malignant cancer cells may 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 61 
 
 be lessened, and the inflammation may still continue to cause an 
 increase in this connective tissue. But connective tissue resulting 
 from inflammation always contracts and hardens. This is the 
 condition when a large, hard, slowly growing lump appears in the 
 breast or elsewhere. Rapid increase in tissue cells always results 
 in a diminution, or loss, of vitality. Most cancers grow so 
 rapidly that the cells do not have time to mature; their vitality is 
 low and pressure upon each other aids in their own destruction; 
 they break down easily. They are constantly undergoing this 
 change, and furnish the phenomena known as suppuration. 
 If on the surface, as the nose, face or lip, it breaks externally 
 and the acrid discharge corrodes the skin if allowed to come in 
 contact with it ; or when situated internally, the poison excites 
 inflammation around the growth. Dead and dying tissue always* 
 excites inflammation, and the inflammatory zone aids in checking 
 its spread. This is Nature's method of localizing disease. A more 
 common example of Nature's effort to check disease is found in 
 the inflammatory zone which surrounds every abscess, and the red 
 line which separates the living from the dead in gangrene ; in 
 gangrene it is called the line of demarkation. 
 
 Yet in spite of efforts to localize the disease, the morbid 
 effects of the malignant growth gradually pervade the system 
 and digestion and assimilation are reduced to a low ebb. This is 
 why the patient grows so thin and weak, and this is why the 
 disease ends fatally. 
 
 The individual cells of the body need stimulation the same 
 as a man needs exercise. Such stimulation is the natural result 
 of repair and waste. The cells are actively engaged in taking up 
 new elements from the blood and reforming and refitting them 
 into their own structure; these elements become living matter. 
 In health there is given off an equal amount of waste. This 
 is a natural action and produces a natural stimulation. All 
 life's forces depend upon this stimulation. Besides the work 
 mentioned, many of the cells manufacture new products which 
 are necessary in maintaining life and health: The liver cells 
 manufacture bile; those of the salivary glands, ptyalin; those 
 of the thyroid gland, iodine; and those of the stomach manufac- 
 ture pepsin. These products all act as ferments and aid diges- 
 tion. (See Digestion under Stomach Diseases.) The pancreas 
 also furnishes four ferments which aid in the same work. The 
 kidney cells eliminate urea, and those of the lungs and skin 
 eliminate many other poisons. This aids still more in stimulating 
 the organs, but when irritation from impure and poisonous blood 
 renders these changes excessive, it is called inflammation. This 
 lowers the powers of resistance and disease results, hence the 
 statement in Green's Pathology, "Cancer seems to be due to 
 irritation in people whose resistance is diminished." 
 
62 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — A cancer growing within the body may present 
 no early symptoms. The first evidence of its presence may be a 
 gradual loss of appetite and of weight. Among the early symp- 
 toms are stinging, darting pains. Later, as the growth develops, 
 the pain becomes more constant. By this time, if the cancer is 
 situated in the breast, stomach or abdominal cavity, it can be felt. 
 When in the stomach, the appetite is affected earlier than when 
 in other situations, and sooner or later there is vomiting. In some 
 cases vomiting is delayed until three or four weeks before death. 
 If on the surface — face or lip — there is first a small, hard lump, 
 which bleeds easily and does not entirely heal. This may develop 
 to the size of a small pea and then remain stationary for some 
 months, when it begins to grow again and soon forms a slowly 
 extending ulcer. The edges of such an ulcer are hard and ragged 
 or irregular. The discharge is foul-smelling and irritating, and 
 destroys the skin if allowed to come in contact with it. In cancer 
 of the breast the inflammation extends to the skin, giving it a 
 puckered appearance. The skin looks dark and congested. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 In many cases cancers are treated by surgical means only, 
 that is, are removed by the surgeon's knife. Those who follow 
 this method of treatment claim that by making liberal allowance 
 for the growth, — "cutting wide of the mark", — complete removal 
 is assured, and that, if the operation is made early, it is the only 
 safe and intelligent method of dealing with this otherwise fatal 
 malady. On the other hand, there are those who treat cancers by 
 local applications — plasters — and who believe that in all cases 
 where the growth appears on the surface, it can be successfully 
 treated in this way. Statistics favor this claim. Certain it is that 
 many a cancerous growth treated in this way has been lifted out 
 whole, with the fibres, or roots, unbroken, the part from which it 
 has been removed snowing all the various avenues into which 
 these roots penetrated. The danger in using the knife is that 
 some of these roots may be cut off, and should the least portion 
 of one of them remain, the cancer is almost certain to grow again. 
 The applications named below have been used with great success; 
 in action they seem to follow up the various branches of a cancer, 
 and to seek out and destroy its uttermost parts. 
 
 The following are a few of the more important remedies used 
 and recommended by leading doctors. The list includes the treat- 
 ment employed by Doctor Lombard, the noted "cancer doctor." 
 
 A. The first remedy is one recommended by F. W. Brewer, 
 M. D., and reported in the Chicago Medical Times, as follows: — 
 
 Chloride of Zinc l / z ounce. 
 
 Powdered Blood Root y 2 ounce. 
 
 Flour y 2 ounce. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 63 
 
 Make into a paste with Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. Spread 
 on a soft cloth and apply. Continue the application until the 
 growth is destroyed. Then dress with any mild application, as 
 Vaseline containing ten drops of Carbolic Acid to the ounce. 
 
 B. The second remedy is used by W. N. Sherman, M. D., 
 and reported in the Medical World: 
 
 Chloride of Zinc 5 grains. 
 
 Powdered Alum 5 grains. 
 
 Tannic Acid 2 grains. 
 
 Persulphate of Iron 3 grains. 
 
 Glycerine sufficient to make a paste. 
 
 Apply as above. The after treatment is the same. 
 
 C. Dr. J. L,. Horr says, in the Boston Medical and Surgical 
 Journal: 
 
 "Having, without solicitation on my part, become possessed 
 of the knowledge of the secret remedies employed by the late 
 Doctor Lombard, the famous 'cancer doctor' of Maine, I feel it my 
 privilege, as a member of the scientific profession that has only 
 for its object the advancement of knowledge and the relief of suf- 
 fering, to make a simple statement of the remedies and methods 
 which were employed in the so-called 'treatment of cancer.' The 
 remedy employed, if the cancer was small, was the dried juice of 
 the leaves of Phy tolacco ( Poke Root) , which was applied in the 
 form of a plaster until sloughing took place. The after treatment 
 was some simple dressing, like simple Cerate. 
 
 "If the tumor had obtained considerable size, Doctor Lombard 
 first used a paste composed of Chloride of Zinc and pulverized 
 Blood Root until a scar was produced, and then used the same 
 dressing as before until the mass sloughed away. 
 
 "The knowledge of these remedies was given to me by Doctor 
 Lombard himself while I was attending him during his last illness, 
 but a few days before he died." 
 
 D. There are many other remedies used for the removal of 
 cancer. Chromic Acid, melted on the end of a glass rod and 
 applied direct, or made into a paste and applied to the growth, is 
 used by many. The juice of fresh Sorrel, dried down to a paste 
 and applied, will prove equally satisfactory. 
 
 CANCRUM ORIS.— (See under Mouth, Diseases of). 
 
 CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— (See under Lung Dis- 
 eases) . 
 
 CARBUNCLE. — A carbuncle is an inflammation of the 
 deeper layer of the skin, and includes more or less of the tissue 
 beneath the skin. The swelling or inflammation strangulates the 
 circulation more or less, nutrition is shut off and the tissues de- 
 stroyed, hence pus is formed. A carbuncle differs from a boil as 
 
64 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 it is divided into many sections or parts by a framework of con- 
 nective tissue, giving to the whole structure a honeycombed 
 appearance. It is larger than a boil, has a flat top, and when 
 suppuration takes place it discharges from several openings, 
 which correspond to the number of its divisions. They appear 
 most frequently in persons above middle age. They occasion 
 great suffering, and sometimes prove fatal. They usually occur 
 on the back and posterior portions of the neck, but upon the head 
 or neck they are more dangerous than in other situations. 
 
 Cause. — Carbuncles are due to irritation from unhealthy 
 blood. The irritation becomes excessive and is followed by 
 inflammation; the inflammation becomes localized, swelling and 
 pressure interfere with nutrition, the tissues break down and 
 pus forms. Iyike inflammations elsewhere, a carbuncle is enclosed 
 by an inflammatory zone which prevents the spread of the pus. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is burning, throbbing, deep-seated pain, 
 and a decided loss of strength and energy. Constitutional symp- 
 toms, as chills and fever, are also present. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 To Abort. — When a carbuncle first begins to come, paint it 
 over with the Tincture of Iodine twice a day until the surface 
 becomes sore, and attend to the general health. For instance, 
 if the bowels are constipated, regulate them with Castor Oil, with 
 Senna steeped up, or with some mild cathartic pill, and take the 
 following for a blood purifier, which is also good for boils: 
 
 Burdock root. 
 Yellow Dock root. 
 Wild Cherry bark. 
 Dandelion root. 
 
 Take a small handful of each, add a quart of hot water and 
 steep in an iron kettle. Simmer until the strength is out of the 
 roots, strain, and then boil the liquid down to a pint. Sweeten, 
 if preferred, and take a tablespoonful three times a day. 
 
 Do not meddle with the carbuncle itself. Do not squeeze it, 
 
 do not pick at it ; but paint it over when it first starts with Iodine, 
 
 and if it is not aborted (prevented from developing) by the above 
 
 treatment, that is, if pus begins to form, poultice it. Bread 
 
 and milk with Catnip leaves stirred into it thoroughly, makes a 
 
 soothing poultice. 
 
 A. Alcohol i ounce. 
 
 Glycerine i " 
 
 Boracic Acid 2 drachms. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 
 
 Water 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply locally on wet cloth, keeping 
 parts continually moist. — (46.) 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 6$ 
 
 B. Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Apply on cotton. — (6.) 
 
 C. Should be opened early and freely and dressed with Car- 
 bolated Vaseline to which 10 drops of Turpentine has been 
 added. — (14.) 
 
 D. Silicea, 12th dilution, applied night and morning. When 
 opened, wash frequently with Permanganate of Potash in solu- 
 tion — 2 grains of the Potash to 1 ounce of water. This wash 
 will stain, and clothing should be protected from it. — (3) — 
 Homeopathic. 
 
 CARIES. — (See under Bonk Diseases.) 
 
 CATALEPSY. — An hysterical state in which the mind, or 
 intellect, seems for the time being to be cut off from the body. 
 All movement ceases and the trunk and limbs remain fixed in the 
 position in which they were when the fit occurred. If moved by 
 another person, they remain as placed. The breast does not rise 
 and fall, and the person does not seem to breathe, but a profes- 
 sional ear can detect a slight beating of the heart. The eyes are 
 fixed and staring and the subject of the fit is said to be in a trance. 
 The fit may be brief or may continue indefinitely, a peculiarity 
 being that when consciousness is regained the person immediately 
 completes the act that he was about performing when his senses 
 were arrested. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — During the fit hold 
 Hartshorn to the nostrils, rub the head and back part of the neck 
 with a Turpentine liniment, put Mustard to the feet and calf of 
 the legs — may also be applied to the spine. Give Catnip tea or 
 Asafoetida pills . 
 
 A. Keep the person warm and apply Mustard to the feet. 
 
 CATARRH. — This disease is an inflammation of a mucous 
 membrane, from which a fluid is discharged. 
 
 Cause. — It is induced by " taking cold." The lining of the 
 nose, throat and bronchial passages are especially liable to attack 
 as the result of a cold in the head. Catarrh may be either acute 
 or chronic. 
 
 Symptoms. — Acute Nasal Catarrh is attended with a cough, 
 
 thirst, lassitude, chilliness followed with slight fever, watery 
 
 eyes, feeling of fullness in the nostrils, dull pain in the forehead 
 
 and a discharge from the nose. This discharge is at first watery 
 
 and later purulent in character. The air passages leading into 
 
 the throat also become inflamed and the discharge is ejected by 
 5 
 
66 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the mouth or swallowed. If constant care is exercised, however, 
 in keeping the nostrils open and the mouth closed, the patient 
 not permitting himself to breathe through the mouth, the inflam- 
 mation is less likely to extend to the throat and bronchial pass- 
 ages. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Take the root of Colt's-Foot (for a description of this 
 
 plant see A Chapter on Herbs), wash, dry in the sun or by 
 
 the fire, and powder. Sift, and use same as snuff. Salt and water 
 
 snuffed up the nose is also good. Take 3 grains of Sulphite 
 
 of Soda and 6 grains of Chlorate of Potash, dissolve in a glass 
 
 two-thirds full of warm water. Snuff up both nostrils, draw 
 
 through to the throat and spit out. 
 
 B. Camphor 15 grains. 
 
 Menthol (crystal) 15 " 
 
 Mix until of clear appearance and add 
 
 Vaseline to make 1 ounce. 
 
 Make into an ointment. 
 
 When having this ointment made up, secure from the drug- 
 gist a small glass tube, about as big around as a pipe stem. Dip 
 this into the ointment, taking up a small quantity, and pass the 
 tube well up into the nostril. Hold the other nostril closed, and 
 also press the nostril around the tube so as to exclude the passage 
 of air; then give a hard snuff and the ointment will be drawn 
 from the tube well up into the head. It not only clears the pas- 
 sages, but heals the mucous surface. It may be used several 
 times a day (too often may cause nausea as some of it will pass 
 through into the throat) . A fresh cold in the head will often be 
 entirely overcome, and it will give relief in the most stubborn 
 case of catarrh. Probable cost, thirty cents. 
 
 From a head and throat specialist of Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 C. To half a pint of water use one ounce of Glycerine, ten 
 drops of Carbolic Acid, and a half teaspoonful each of baking 
 soda and salt, to which add a teaspoonful of L,isterine. This will 
 always relieve cold or catarrh in the head. 
 
 CATARRH, CHRONIC NASAL.— When catarrh be- 
 comes chronic, the air passages are widely dilated, and both bones 
 and cartilages may be more or less destroyed. The mucous 
 membrane which lines the cavities, once thick and swollen, has 
 now become thin, firm and resistant as a result of the contraction 
 of the newly formed connective tissue. The sense of smell is more 
 or less interfered with — in some cases is entirely lost. The nat- 
 ural secretions are changed both in quality and quantity ; they 
 are unhealthy and ill-smelling, and sometimes of a greenish color. 
 The secretion, reaching the surface, forms crusts or scales, which 
 must be removed before successful treatment can be instituted. 
 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 67 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Boracic Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Pure Water 1 quart. 
 
 Dissolve the acid in the water, pour in a fountain syringe and 
 hang syringe on the wall at some convenient place. The patient 
 should bend the head well forward, place the tip of the syringe in 
 the nostril, first one, then the other, and allow the solution to pass 
 through the nasal openings and out through the mouth, which 
 should be kept open. This will thoroughly saturate, loosen and 
 remove the crusts which form in chronic nasal catarrh, and when 
 you have rendered the surface clean and wholesome, you have 
 cured the disease. Any mild antiseptic may be used in place of 
 the Boracic acid. 
 
 B. The following may be used morning and evening, and will 
 be found most satisfactory in all cases not too far advanced: 
 
 Menthol 5 to 10 grams. 
 
 Oil Eucalyptus 10 drops. 
 
 Oil Wintergreen 2 " 
 
 Liquid Alboline 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and use in Atomizer morning and eve- 
 ning. When using the atomizer, draw in the 
 breath, and be sure the vapor passes through 
 the nasal cavities into the throat. 
 
 C. Ely's Cream Balm is a catarrh remedy that is well known 
 and has for years been sold throughout the country. See Pat- 
 ent Preparations. 
 
 D. Use the following as a nasal spray three times daily: 
 
 Camphor Gum 30 grains. 
 
 Menthol 10 " 
 
 Liquid Alboline 1 ounce. 
 
 -(46). 
 
 E. Castile soap and water snuffed up the nose from the hand 
 will always improve, and often cure. — (12). 
 
 F. Iodine 10 grains. 
 
 - Alcohol 1 ounce 
 
 Put into a 2 oz. vial, and when the Iodine is 
 dissolved fill the vial with soft water Inject 
 a little of the mixture into the nostrils with a 
 small syringe 3 times daily. An alterative con- 
 taining Iodine, taken internally, will be a de- 
 sirable thing in treating an obstinate case of 
 chronic catarrh. 
 
 The above has been a very successful treat- 
 ment. — (65). 
 
 CATARACT.— (See under Kye, Diseases of). 
 
 CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS. — (See under 
 Brain, Diseases of). 
 
6S FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 CHANGE OF LIFE. — (See under Women's Diseases). 
 CHAPPED HANDS.— Remedies. 
 
 A. Quince Seed jounce. 
 
 Borax % " 
 
 Glycerine 2 " 
 
 Water 12 " 
 
 Add the Quince seed to the warm water and let stand until it 
 becomes quite thick. This may require several hours. Strain, 
 and carefully dissolve the Borax in a little of the mixture, add 
 the two together and lastly add the Glycerine; add perfume as 
 desired. This makes a preparation that will keep the hands soft 
 and free from all roughness. It dries in a few minutes, and kid 
 gloves may then be put on with ease. 
 
 B. Flostilla is a remedy for chapped hands that is widely 
 known throughout the country. It will be found among the 
 Patent Preparations. It is a very satisfactory preparation 
 and will please all who use it. 
 
 C Sweet Oil 3 ounces. 
 
 Spermaceti 4 " 
 
 Pulverized Camphor 1 '• 
 
 Heat gently in a clean earthen vessel, stirring 
 to prevent scorching, and apply, after warm- 
 ing a little, night and morning. Butter just 
 churned and unsalted may be substituted for 
 Sweet Oil — same quantity. — (79). 
 
 D. Deer's Tallow 4 ounces. 
 
 Glycerine 1 " 
 
 Pulverized Camphor % " 
 
 Honey % " 
 
 Carefully incorporate together by gentle 
 heat, or by rubbing with a knife or spatula on 
 a plate, or in a mortar. 
 
 Makes a very healing ointment for chaps, sore lips, etc. , also 
 for chafing from trusses. — (79). 
 
 E. Wash clean at bedtime with warm water containing a 
 liberal amount of wheat bran, and after wiping apply Glycerine 
 and rub dry. (17). 
 
 F. Pulverized Orris Root 1 drachm. 
 
 Water (warm) 4ounces. 
 
 Let stand 24 hours, strain through fine 
 gauze, and add: 
 
 Glycerine y 2 ounce. 
 
 Bay Rum 2 " 
 
 Mix, and apply often, thoroughly washing 
 and drying before using.— (3). — Homeopathic. 
 
No, i6. 
 
 i, 2, 3, 4, 5, Arteries. 6, Tendons. 7, Nerves. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 69 
 
 G. Wash at night in corn meal water or bran water till soft; 
 rub dry, then rub in Cosmoline thoroughly and sleep in old clean 
 gloves. Keep the hands out of water during day and repeat 
 every night until well. — (13). 
 
 CHICKEN-POX.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 
 
 CHILBLAINS. — Chilblains are inflammatory swellings 
 affecting the hands and feet, and are produced by exposure to 
 cold. The swellings are of a purplish or bluish color, and are 
 accompanied by an unbearable itching. They may blister, or, in 
 severe cases, be attended with ulceration and sloughing. 
 
 Remedies. — 
 
 A. Twenty grains Carbolic Acid to one ounce Vaseline; 
 apply to parts. — (14). 
 
 B. Rub every night with Turpentine, or get Citron ointment, 
 one ounce, and apply to chilblains at night. — (13). 
 
 C. Keep feet dusted with Boracic Acid. It will relieve the 
 most obstinate case. — (18). — Homeopathic. 
 
 D. Carbolic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture Iodine 2 " 
 
 Tannic Acid 1 " 
 
 Simple Cerate 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply twice daily. — (46). 
 
 E. Hydrochloric Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Rainwater 7 ounce. 
 
 Wash the feet two or three times daily, or 
 wet the stockings with the preparation until 
 relieved. — (81). 
 
 F. Tincture of Iodine 1 ounce. 
 
 Soap Iyiniment 1 " 
 
 or, 
 
 Turpentine l / 2 ounce. 
 
 Ether y z " 
 
 Oil of Thyme y z " 
 
 Sometimes little water blisters form. These may be painted 
 over with Balsam Peru or Collodion, j^ drachm. 
 
 G. — Paint chilblains freely with Muriate Tincture of Iron. 
 
 CHILL. — A disagreeable sensation of coolness accompanied 
 with shivering. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. — Immediate relief by surrounding patient with hot water 
 bottles and giving internally from 1 to 2 ounces of Whiskey. 
 Rectal injection of hot salt solution — 2 teaspoonfuls of salt to 2 
 quarts of water. — (60). 
 
yo FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Cover warmly, give warm drinks and get to sweating. 
 After sweating is produced give, for an adult, 3 to 5 grains of 
 Quinine every four or five hours. 
 
 C. Keep the surface of the body warm with hot blankets 
 and hot drinks. Take Quinine after the chill to prevent a recur- 
 rence. — (7). 
 
 D. Drink hot lemonade until chill passes off, and then take 
 Quinine. — (17). 
 
 CHILLS AND FEVER. — (See Intermittent Fever under 
 Mai,ariai< Fevers). 
 
 CHLOROSIS.— (See under Women's Diseases). 
 
 CHOLERA. — This disease is characterized by vomiting and 
 purging as the essential symptoms, also by griping, and spasms 
 in the legs and arms. Asiatic Cholera is the more malignant 
 form. 
 
 ASIATIC CHOLERA.— This form of cholera is of oriental 
 origin. Epidemics are known to have occurred for several cen- 
 turies, but it was not until the early part of the nineteenth century 
 that the attention of European physicians was generally directed 
 to the disease. This was occasioned by a violent epidemic which 
 broke out in India. 
 
 Cause. — Due to unhealthy surroundings, poor food, bad air. 
 The eating of unripe fruits and indigestible foods and drinking of 
 alcoholic liquors all predispose to an attack in time of an epi- 
 demic. The statement has been made that ' ' With pure water, 
 pure air, pure soil and pure habits, cholera need not be feared." 
 
 Symptoms. — The beginning of this disease is marked by a 
 derangement of the digestive organs, impaired appetite, thirst, 
 lassitude, chilliness, and especially by a painless diarrhea ; there 
 may also be twitchings of the calves of the legs. These indispo- 
 sitions, which might easily be occasioned by other causes, con- 
 tinue from a few hours to several days. Or the attack may be 
 quite sudden and marked with profuse evacuations. 
 
 The characteristic feature which distinguishes cholera and 
 marks the beginning of the disease itself, is the vomiting and 
 purging of a colorless fluid which looks almost like rice water. 
 This is accompanied with increasing thirst and with cramps of 
 the calves of the legs and other muscles, but if the attack is not a 
 severe one, it may be arrested at this stage. If not arrested, the 
 cramps become severe and exceedingly painful, and soon attack 
 the bowels and stomach. At this stage the breathing is hurried, 
 with distress about the heart, and the secretion of urine is greatly 
 diminished or entirely stopped. 
 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. y\ 
 
 The discharges, which consist largely of serum ( the watery 
 portion of the blood) , leave the patient in a state of great pros- 
 tration from which he seldom recovers. The pulse is hardly 
 perceptible, skin cold and clammy, and the patient presents a 
 frightful appearance of emaciation ; yet there is a sense of great 
 heat in the stomach accompanied with intense thirst. The ema- 
 ciation or shrinking of the tissues is the result of draining the 
 water from the system through the digestive tract. 
 
 The foregoing symptoms represent a typical case of cholera. 
 These cases are seldom met at the present. With attention to 
 cleanliness cholera is fast becoming a disease of the past, and 
 to-day we do not fear it. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Cholera proper is preceded 
 
 by a relaxed state of the bowels, that is, by a mild diarrhea. In 
 
 time of an epidemic, or in sections regularly visited by cholera, a 
 
 looseness of the bowels, however mild, should not be neglected 
 
 for a moment. An excellent remedy for the looseness is the 
 
 following: 
 
 Capsicum (Cayenne Pepper) 20 grains. 
 
 Gum Camphor (powdered) 10 " 
 
 Put into a teacup, fill two-thirds full of hot 
 water and stir thoroughly. Take a teaspoonful 
 of the solution every hour, or oftener, if neces- 
 sary, until the diarrhea is controlled. If this 
 solution does not seem to have a controlling 
 effect, secure medical aid without delay. 
 
 A. For Cholera, Cholera Morbus, Colic or Painful Diarrhea: 
 
 Oil of Cajeput 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cloves.... . 1 " 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 1 " 
 
 Oil of Anise 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 4 " 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 15 drops every 30 min- 
 utes; or Yz teaspoonful every hour. It should 
 be taken in simple syrup, mucilage of slippery 
 elm bark, or hot brandy and water sweetened. 
 
 In epidemics of cholera, as much as a tea- 
 spoonful of this mixture has been given every 
 fifteen minutes, one or two such doses generally 
 succeeding in relieving the pains and spasms. 
 -(76). 
 
 B Chloroform 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Camphor 1 " 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum 1 " 
 
 Tincture of Opium 1 " 
 
 Tincture of Ginger 1 " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful every hour. — (7). 
 
72 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 CHOLERA MORBUS.— Cholera Morbus, or Simple Cholera, 
 is a disease that is prevalent in warm weather. 
 
 Cause. — This disease occurs in summer and fall. It is 
 influenced by extreme heat, and perhaps by hard work which 
 lowers physical power, or the power of resistance; also caused by 
 eating unripe fruit and vegetables and by drinking cold water. 
 In other words it is caused by acute indigestion when the system 
 is relaxed. 
 
 Symptoms. — This form usually comes on suddenly, with retch- 
 ing, distension and flatulency of the stomach, griping pain in the 
 bowels, and vomiting and purging of irritating matter. The 
 patient is tormented with thirst, but water is rejected by the 
 stomach as soon as swallowed. There is also heat, quick breath- 
 ing, a frequent but weak and fluttering pulse, and, in very severe 
 cases, cramps of the legs. When the disease is violent, there is 
 great loss of vitality, with cold, clammy sweats and coldness of 
 the extremities, sometimes ending in death. Usually the symp- 
 toms, pretty severe for a few hours or for a day or two, gradually 
 lessen, leaving the patient in a state of great debility. The 
 features are sunken and the eyes look ''hollow," due to the 
 amount of water that has been drained from the tissues. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — Usually due to over- 
 loading the stomach. Give Brandy sling; or make a Camphor 
 tea by dropping into hot water a few drops of the Spirits of 
 Camphor and sweetening. Peppermint tea is also good. For 
 griping add, for an adult, from 15 to 20 drops of laudanum. 
 Usually there are from three to six evacuations of the bowels and 
 vomiting, and then the patient is entirely relieved, although left 
 very weak; but if the attack is not controlled within a few hours, 
 then call a doctor. 
 
 If a person is attacked violently in chis way, it is advisable 
 to send for a physician at once. In the meantime, put hot 
 applications over the abdomen — cloths wrung out of hot water or 
 the hot decoction of some bitter herb — and give hot sling, or any 
 of the simple remedies mentioned. 
 
 A. The one thought to bear in mind is to bring the blood 
 abundantly to the surface. The vomiting and the continued 
 evacuations of the bowels is the result of prostration brought 
 on by the cause given above. The circulation near the surface 
 of the body is feeble, while the internal organs are congested, 
 the congestion being the result of the irritation produced by the 
 acute indigestion. This is why the surface is pale, cold and 
 clammy. If the blood can be drawn to the surface, immediate 
 relief will follow. For this purpose apply external heat; and 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 73 
 
 give, for an adult, Atropine in y^-grain doses. If there is 
 severe pain, add from 20 to 40 drops of Laudanum. Repeat the 
 dose of Atropine every hour until the surface is flushed, which 
 will mean that the circulation has been equalized and the internal 
 organs relieved. Atropine internally and artificial heat externally 
 are the best possible means of bringing about favorable results. 
 
 B. Paregoric 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum 2 drachms. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 
 
 Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 
 
 mix. and take teaspoonful every hour until 
 relieved. — (46). 
 
 C. Wash out stomach with hot water. For adult 10 drops 
 Laudanum in strong Peppermint water every hour till relieved. 
 Children may take appropriate doses of Paregoric in strong 
 Peppermint . — (13). 
 
 CHOLERA INFANTUM, or SUMMER COM- 
 PLAINT OF INFANTS.— This is a disease to which children 
 are subject during the summer months. 
 
 Cause. — The conditions are the same as those described 
 under Cholera Morbus. 
 
 Symptoms. — It begins with restlessness, pain, vomiting and 
 diarrhea. The eliminations from the bowels are foul-smelling 
 and often contain undigested food. The pulse is rapid and feeble 
 and the surface cold. Sometimes there is but a limited amount 
 of diarrhea, and at the same time the bowels are distended with 
 their contents. More or less gas may be present, and in this case 
 the abdomen is bloated and tender. In a well-developed state the 
 child lies in a stupor, taking no notice of the surroundings. 
 There is but little or no fever. Where the bowel eliminations are 
 frequent, with abundant watery discharges, the features of the 
 child look shrunken and wasted as a result of the water that has 
 been drained away. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — This is a dangerous disease 
 and a doctor should be called early. In the meantime, an excel- 
 lent thing to give is the following: 
 
 Rhubarb (powdered) 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda (baking soda) y z " 
 
 White Sugar 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Mix well and add twenty drops of Essence 
 of Peppermint. Put this into a teacup and 
 pour two-thirds full of boiling water, stirring 
 at the same time you are pouring in the water. 
 Set to one side and let settle. Dip from the 
 surface. For a child one year old, half a tea- 
 
74 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 spoonful every hour; three years old, a tea- 
 spoonful every half hour. A warm bath may 
 be given, and injections of hot water are also 
 beneficial. If the child is very fretful and dis- 
 tressed, a few drops (from five to ten) of Laud- 
 anum may be added to the injection. Bitter 
 herbs, as Hops, Smartweed, etc., maybe steeped 
 up, enclosed in flannel and laid across the 
 bowels. If there is nothing else to give before 
 the doctor can arrive, teaspoonful doses of hot 
 sling will not be out of place. 
 
 A. This trouble occurs from various causes and requires 
 treatment accordingly too grave for guess work. Send for your 
 doctor at once; may give a few drops Paregoric pending his 
 arrival. Salted water often stops vomiting. — (14) . 
 
 B. Stop all food for twenty- four hours. Keep the child quiet. 
 In some cases the movement of the bowels may be slight or 
 absent. In any event it is a good plan to add one tablespoonful 
 of warm water to an equal amount of Glycerine, mix well and 
 inject into the bowels, and with a soft cloth hold the injection for 
 five or ten minutes. Repeat the injection if results are not satis- 
 factory. The discharges are usually offensive; for this, give the 
 following: 
 
 Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 20 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Water -. 6 
 
 Dissolve the Sulphocarbolate in the Glycerine 
 and water and give one teaspoonful every two 
 hours. 
 
 The same amount of Salol may be given if the Sulphocarbo- 
 late cannot be had. Place the Salol on the tongue dry, and give 
 water with teaspoon. During the disease the drinking water 
 should be boiled and cooled and given to the child freely. If the 
 child is pale and cold, apply external heat. Equal parts of 
 powdered wood charcoal and L,actopeptine should be mixed and 
 5 grains given every hour or two. — (74). 
 
 C. — Stop all feeding and give liberally of hot water into 
 which a few live coals of wood have been dropped. Send for 
 doctor. 
 
 D. Tincture Nux Vomica 2 drachms. 
 
 Dilute Nitro-Muriatic Aci d 2 s< 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 
 
 Lactopeptine 2 " 
 
 Tincture Red Pepper ]/ x teaspoonful . 
 
 Simple Syrup 4 ounces. 
 
 Sherry Wine 4 
 
 Mix together and take one teaspoonful in 
 water three or four times a day. — (53)- 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 75 
 
 CHOREA. — (See under Children's Diseases). 
 
 CHORDEE. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 
 
 CIRRHOSIS. — This means a hardening of the tissues of an 
 organ, and follows a mild form of inflammation long-continued. 
 The inflammation may be the result of syphilis or of irritating 
 matter resulting from indigestion and constipation, but is more 
 often the result of the continued use of alcoholic liquors. This 
 inflammation always produces an overgrowth and shrinking of 
 tissue as described under Alcohol. The new tissue contracts and 
 hardens, destroying and replacing normal tissue in proportion. 
 This change most often takes place in the liver or kidneys, and 
 next most frequently in the spinal cord and lungs; however, it 
 may occur anywhere in the body. 
 
 COLIC. — An attack of pain in the abdomen, of spasmodic 
 character, usually attended with constipation of the bowels. 
 There is no attendant fever, and the pain is relieved by pressure 
 over the abdomen — points which are of importance in distinguish- 
 ing it from inflammation. 
 
 There are several forms of Colic. 
 
 BILIOUS COLIC. — Strictly speaking Bilious Colic means 
 Biliary Calculi or Gall- Stones, but as the term is more or less 
 commonly used, it is given here. As usually understood bilious 
 colic, flatulent colic and wind colic are one and the same, and the 
 cause is the same — undigested food. When the trouble has 
 existed for some days and comes on in the form of an acute 
 attack, there is nausea and vomiting of bilious matter, hence the 
 term, Bilious Colic. 
 
 For treatment the reader is referred to the remedies under 
 Flatulent, or Wind, Colic. 
 
 FLATULENT, or WIND, COLIC— This form is due to 
 indigestible matter in the intestines, which not only excites pain, 
 but by beginning to undergo decomposition also gives rise to 
 gases which cause a painful distension of the bowels. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to do Before Calling a Doctor. — First give an active 
 
 cathartic. Follow with hot applications over the abdomen and 
 
 give hot drinks — hot sling, hot pepper tea, Camphor tea — or any 
 
 of the remedies mentioned below. 
 
 A. Spirits of Chloroform 1 ounce. 
 
 Paregoric 2 " 
 
 Dose. — For an adult, take a teaspoonful in 
 hot water every half hour, 
 
 or, 
 Morphine, % grain every two hours, for adult. 
 
y6 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Apply hot flannels or hot bottles over bowels and stomach. 
 If pain is in right side and there is tenderness over the appendix, 
 it is best toliave a doctor at once. — (13). 
 
 B. Laudanum 25 drops. 
 
 Pepper Sauce y z teaspoonful. 
 
 Spirits of Camphor 5 drops. 
 
 Dose. — For an adult, trie whole taken in a 
 wineglassful of hot water. — (14). 
 
 C. Tincture of Cardamon Compound.... 1 ounce. 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia 1 ' * 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful, for the adult, 
 every hour more or less often as he need. 
 
 This prescription I have used in some most severe cases 
 of colic of this country with the finest success. Give also a 
 cathartic — a 5-grain dose of Calomel. The Salines or Castor Oil 
 are not so good for bilious colic. The Calomel is better. — (77). 
 
 D. A friend who has suffered very much from colic recently 
 obtained from a physician the following prescription, which 
 afforded him such immediate and perfect relief that he desires to 
 give it to the public. It is as follows: 
 
 Pulverized Opium 1 grain. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphia (Morphine) 1 " 
 
 Pulverized Camphor 5 " 
 
 Capsicum 5 " 
 
 Make into 10 pills with a thick solution of 
 gum. 
 
 One pill will generally afford relief, but if not materially 
 benefited after an hour or two, another may be taken. The 
 remedy was accompanied by the following letter: 
 
 "Please find prescription, which I hope will alleviate the 
 pains of some mortal as it has done for me. Hoping it may prove 
 profitable to you, and, through your book, a blessing to man- 
 kind, I remain, yours, etc. 
 
 We have not permission to publish the gentleman's name. 
 
 E. A splendid remedy is the following: 
 
 Powdered Wood Charcoal 1 ounce. 
 
 Lactopeptin 1 " 
 
 Dose for adult, ^ to % of a teaspoonful; for 
 child one year old, one teaspoonful divided 
 into ten powders and given with a little water. 
 
 F. For the wind colic of children, about the nicest thing that 
 can be given them is a tea made of soot. Take some soot from the 
 chimney, put into a dish, pour on some hot water, and drink of 
 it. Or a tea may be made of red pepper, or even of black pepper 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 77 
 
 — anything that is warming — but the soot tea is best as it starts 
 the gas at once. If, however, the child is not relieved within a 
 reasonable time, say within an hour or so, send for a doctor. 
 
 When babes are tongue-tied, they draw air into the stomach 
 in nursing, and if a babe is constantly bothered with colic, the 
 tongue should be examined to see if it needs cutting. 
 
 LEAD or PAINTER'S COLIC— (See Lead Poisoning). 
 
 RENAL COLIC— (See Graver). 
 
 COLDS AND COUGHS.— Many people are troubled with 
 colds, influenza, sore throat, lame back, etc. Prevention is the 
 best thing for colds, as for everything else. People need not be 
 so sensitive to colds if they would gradually accustom themselves 
 to cold baths or cold sponging, in either case bringing the tem- 
 perature of the water down gradually; and most people would 
 soon learn to appreciate them. Finish by drying thoroughly, 
 rubbing the skin well but not enough to produce irritation. To 
 practice deep breathing for several minutes at a time will also be 
 found of great benefit. Bven when out in the cold, deep breath- 
 ing will increase the heart action and send the blood tingling and 
 the chills flying. The feet should always be kept warm and dry. 
 Shoes should be large enough to allow free circulation. 
 
 Another preventative may be had by drinking plenty of 
 water. Water flushes the small vessels, aids in keeping the 
 bowels active and in carrying away waste. 
 
 Treatments for Coi,ds. — 
 
 A. To prevent. — Out-door exercise and cold baths. 
 To cure. — Hot baths, sweats and rubbing. — (5.) 
 
 B. To Prevent Taking. — Rub the entire surface of the body, 
 in a warm room on retiring, with fresh hog's lard every night, 
 followed by bath in the morning. Do not use sweet oil or any 
 vegetable oil. Vigorous people may take a cold sponge bath with 
 good rubbing after and will seldom take cold. — (8). 
 
 C If a person finds he has a cold, it is better to remain in 
 for a day or two, take a hot foot bath, or better, an alcohol sweat 
 at night. Take 10 grains Quinine and 10 grains of Dover's 
 Powder. This will be all that will be needed in any ordinary 
 attack. 
 
 D. Lemons for Colds. — For a fresh cold a good cathartic fol- 
 lowed by a bowl of hot lemonade on retiring will usually prove 
 most effective. Roasted lemon is also an effective remedy, especi- 
 ally in a cold of longer standing accompanied with cough. It 
 should be roasted for thirty minutes in an oven not hot enough 
 
78 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 to blacken or dry it. When it begins to crack open, take out, 
 press out the juice, sweeten with loaf sugar, and take a little at 
 a time, but take often. 
 
 E. For children make an onion syrup, and give in teaspoon- 
 ful doses every hour or two. Grease the nose and around the 
 throat and chest with lard containing a little Turpentine. — (67). 
 
 F. Hot foot bath and 10 drops Tincture of Gelsemium at 
 bedtime. Take Cathartic the following morning. — (46). 
 
 G. In case of an adult, take 6 grains Quinine, drink one 
 pint of water, bathe feet in hot water and go to bed. From 
 ten to twenty-four hours in bed after the above treatment 
 will usually terminate any ordinary cold. A cold should not be 
 regarded as a light matter as it may be the forerunner of serious 
 troubles. — (9). 
 
 H. A good cathartic — tablespoonful of Salts. At night take 
 a hot foot bath and a strong cup of hot Ginger tea, also a big 
 dose of Quinine — from 6 to 10 grains — get into a warm bed and 
 get up a good, heavy sweat. This will break up an ordinary 
 cold.— (13). 
 
 Ancient Method of Cure. — The Evening Post says the follow- 
 ing plan for the cure of Colds has been in use since 1340: 
 
 Put your feet in hot water, 
 
 As high as your thigh es; 
 Wrappe your head up in flannelle, 
 
 As low as your eyes; 
 Take a quarte of rum'd gruelle, 
 
 When in bedde, as a dose; 
 With a number four dippe, 
 
 Well tallow your nose. 
 
 This will be found as valuable and practical at the present 
 time, except perhaps as to the depth of the foot bath and the 
 amount of "rum'd gruelle." Perhaps a pint of that would be 
 sufficient now-a-days, if made tolerably strong, repeating the treat- 
 ment one or two nights until the cold is broken. 
 
 Remedies for Coughs. — 
 
 A. A most excellent and satisfactory cough mixture may be 
 
 made as follows: — 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac 1 ounce. 
 
 Chloroform % " 
 
 Tincture of White Pine 4 " 
 
 Water 14 «■ 
 
 Sugar 28 " 
 
 Tincture of Gelsemium % " 
 
 First dissolve the sugar in the water, next 
 add the Ipecac and the Gelsemium, and last 
 the White Pine and Chloroform. 
 
 Dose: One teaspoonful every two or three 
 hours, as needed. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 79 
 
 This prescription was used by an old physician who had 
 practiced many years and had learned to depend upon it in all 
 cases of ordinary coughs and colds. It will not disappoint any 
 
 who use it. 
 
 B. Syrup of Ipecac 1 ounce. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu 1 " 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb 1 " 
 
 Spirits of Nitre 1 " 
 
 Paregoric 1 " 
 
 The dose for an adult is one teaspoonful 
 every two to four hours; for a child one year 
 old, give 5 drops. Dose may be increased, if 
 necessary. 
 
 This is a very simple remedy and the results are satisfactory 
 in nearly all cases. — (67). 
 
 C. Paregoric and Hive Syrup, one part of the former to two 
 
 parts of the latter, taken in 30-drop doses every four hours. — (7). 
 
 D. Fluid Extract Tolu 1 ounce. 
 
 Wine Antimony 1 " 
 
 Paregoric 1 " 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta 1 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful three or four 
 times a day, 
 
 or, 
 
 Dilute Hydrobromic Acid 3 drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta 1 ounce. 
 
 Paregoric 1 " 
 
 Syrup of Tolu 1% " 
 
 Glycerine, add to make 6 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful every three 
 or four hours. 
 
 E. For Cough and Sore Lu?igs. — To one quart of water add 
 one large handful of strong hops. Let the water boil till reduced 
 to one pint, then thoroughly strain, rinse out kettle and replace 
 hop water. Carefully stir in one pound of heavy brown sugar 
 and bring to a simmering heat, then remove from the fire and, 
 when cold, add from one-half to one pint of the best Jamaica rum. 
 
 Dose, from one to two teaspoonfuls as often as required. 
 
 F. We have used the following cough mixture for many 
 years with the most satisfactory results. We have also given 
 the formula to a number of physicians who have been equally 
 successful. 
 
 No. r. Wild Cherry bark, cut fine 2 l / 2 ounces 
 
 No. 2. Ipecac Root, powdered 2]/ z drachms. 
 
 Blood Root, powdered 3 " 
 
 Squills, powdered \y 2 " 
 
 Iyicorice Root, powdered 2 ' ' 
 
 Anise Seed, ground y 2 ounce. 
 
 Fennel Seed, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 15 to 20 drops. 
 
 Fresh Orange Peel y 2 to 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
80 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Put No. i into a large bottle and add one pint of water, allow- 
 ing it to stand for one week. Of No. 2, first add the Sulphuric 
 Acid to the Alcohol, then add the other ingredients. Also allow 
 this mixture to stand one week, then mix No. 1 and No. 2 together 
 and allow to stand for one week or ten days more. Each bottle 
 should be shaken before the mixtures are added together and the 
 bottle containing the two should be shaken. At the end of ten 
 days, after the two solutions are mixed, get several large sheets 
 of filtering paper from the drug store, place two layers carefully 
 in a funnel, set the funnel in a clean bottle and pour on the mix- 
 ture, allowing it to strain through. While straining, keep well 
 covered to prevent evaporation. By using filtering paper the 
 solution will come out clear and bright. Now add 10 ounces of 
 sugar and dissolve by shaking the bottle. More sugar may be 
 added if desired. Three or four grains of Sulphate of Codeine 
 should be added to each 4 ounces when it is used. This prepara- 
 tion will keep for any length of time. 
 
 Dose, one teaspoonful. It is perfectly safe to give to children 
 of any age as it contains neither Opium nor Morphine. For 
 a child five years old the dose would be Vi teaspoonful. For 
 adults where the cough is severe and there is a good deal of pain, 
 if the mixture does not control the condition }£ of a grain of 
 Morphine may be added to each dose for two or three doses. 
 
 Winter Cough Remedies. — 
 
 A. Zinc Sulphate, V 2 grain dissolved in a teaspoonful of 
 water. To be taken every one, two or three hours. Take no 
 water or anything right after it as you want its local effect. 
 
 This is the best remedy on earth. Try it. — (30). 
 
 B. Ammoniated Tincture of Guiacum. 
 
 Dose. — 5 drops on a little sugar every half to 
 one hour. Let it slowly dissolve in the mouth 
 and swallow it. Take nothing right away after 
 it. This is a good one also. These cheap rem- 
 edies are really superior to the expensive cough 
 syrups.— (30). 
 
 C. Liquor Ammonia Acetatus 2 drachms. 
 
 Syrup of Squills Compound 2 " 
 
 Fluid Extract of Licorice 6 " 
 
 Syrup of Wild Cherry enough to 
 
 make 3 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every hour or two. — (34). 
 
 COLOR BLINDNESS.— (See under Eye, Diseases of). 
 
 CONGESTIVE CHILL— CONGESTIVE FEVER,— 
 
 ( See Pernicious fover under Malarial Fevers) , 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 8 1 
 
 CONSTIPATION, OR COSTIVENESS.— This is a 
 
 common disorder. It is due to a sluggish state of the liver and 
 bowels, the bowels retaining the faeces longer than is warranted 
 by a state of health. Constipation means the production of many- 
 poisons in the digestive tract which are absorbed into the system 
 and produce a chronic state of disease. 
 
 Cause. —It may be due to the character of the food taken, or 
 to the habits of the individual, especially habits of neglect. Some 
 have held the theory that constipation is due to a lack of develop- 
 ment in the thickness of the muscular walls of the digestive 
 tract; others, that it is due to imperfect nerve supply and poor 
 circulation; still others argue that it is congenital, that is, exists 
 from birth. But such claims seem to be more a matter of theory 
 than of practical demonstration. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Try to overcome it by diet and habit. Eat graham 
 mush and graham bread, corn bread, coarse food of all kinds, 
 prunes, figs, baked apples, fruit, etc. Drink lots of water 
 before bedtime — a pint every night — and a glass of hot water the 
 first thing in the morning twenty or thirty minutes before break- 
 fast. Have a regular time to have bowels move, say the first 
 thing after breakfast. 
 
 If medicine is needed, take 10 to 20 drops of Fluid Extract 
 Cascara Sagrada once or twice a day. Massage over bowels 
 will cure many cases. — (13). 
 
 B. The Aloin Strychnine, Belladonna and Cascara pills kept 
 by druggists will give excellent satisfaction in relieving constipa- 
 tion, taken one or two at bedtime, as needed. These pills are a 
 tonic, and there is absolutely no danger in their continued use in 
 chronic constipation. If used with judgment, and regular habits 
 observed, they will result in a permanent cure. — (46). 
 
 C. Teaspoonful of Epsom Salts in a glassful of water the 
 first thing in the morning. This treatment should be long con- 
 tinued. — (11). 
 
 D. A teaspoonful of corn meal in a glass of cold water on 
 getting out of bed in the morning. A teacupful of very hot water 
 sipped from a teaspoon on sitting down to breakfast. Fruits 
 usually good. Prolonged rubbing and kneading of the bowels, 
 and especially the cultivation of a fixed time or habit in move- 
 ment of bowels. — (8). 
 
 E. A fresh egg beaten in a gill of water and drank on rising in 
 the morning, and at each meal, for a week or ten days, has cured 
 obstinate cases. It might be increased to two or three at a time 
 as the stomaeh will bear. — (68). 
 
 6 
 
82 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 F. Drink liberally of cold water at bedtime and of hot water 
 as soon as you arise. Then attend to nature's calls ' 'religiously." 
 Let nothing hinder. — (17). 
 
 CONSUMPTION.— (See under Tuberculosis) . 
 
 CONVULSIONS. — Convulsions are due to nervous mani- 
 festations. The body is drawn into violent spasmodic contrac- 
 tions, the spasm being confined to the external or voluntary 
 muscles. There is usually loss of consciousness. 
 
 Cause. — Convulsions may result from different causes, as 
 ursemic or puerperal convulsions, due to the retention of urea in 
 the system. Infantile convulsions may be due to teething or 
 to worms. With children convulsions are most often caused by 
 indigestion; in this case the trouble is confined to the stomach, 
 hence a dose of Ipecac is always in order. Convulsions also 
 occur in Epilepsy. (See Epilepsy). 
 
 Convulsions in Children. — 
 
 A. Put babe in warm water — temperature of 105 — i.e., com- 
 fortably warm for hand. As soon as possible give him full dose 
 of Castor Oil, and inject the bowels with warm water or soap 
 suds. Keep body and extremities warm. — ( 13 ) . 
 
 B. Give the patient a dose of Salts or Oil for laxative pur- 
 poses. If necessary protect the tongue from the closure of the 
 jaws by inserting a cork, piece of wood or knife-handle between 
 the teeth. If severe, a doctor might administer a little Chloro- 
 form. — (7). 
 
 C. In children little to be done during the convulsion. As 
 soon as possible give *4 to 2 teaspoonfuls of Castor Oil, according 
 to age. The cathartic relieves the head and also the digestive 
 apparatus, which is generally the locality at fault. If the head 
 remains drawn back after the spasm, look out for spinal menin- 
 gitis, which is very fatal. — (14). 
 
 CORN. — A hardening of the outer layer of cells of the skin 
 of the toes or other portions of the foot. A kernel is developed 
 in the calloused portion, about the size of a small pea and cone- 
 shaped. At times it is soft instead of hard, forming what is 
 called a soft corn. This occurs on the side of the foot or between 
 the toes, and is caused by the part being continually moist with 
 sweat. 
 
 Cause. — Long-continued pressure or friction caused by ill- 
 fitting shoes. 
 
 A. Salicylic Acid 30 grains. 
 
 Extract Indian Hemp 20 " 
 
 Collodion ]/ 2 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and apply with a soft brush once daily 
 for six days, then soak corn in warm water. 
 Repeat the application if necessary. — (46). 
 
MSBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 83 
 
 B. — Get felt corn plaster at drug store and place over corn. 
 Then apply on top of corn the following: 
 
 Salicylic Acid yi ounce. 
 
 Collodion % " 
 
 First soften corn, every night, with Glycerine 
 or soaking in hot water, then make above ap- 
 plication. Wear properly fitting shoes and 
 corns will disappear. — (13). 
 
 C. — Remove the pressure by change of foot gear. Remove 
 hard part of corn and cover with an ointment made by thoroughly 
 mixing together equal parts of cooking Soda or Saleratus and 
 Mutton Tallow or Vaseline. The corn will soon disappear. — 
 
 (14). 
 
 D. Take Sheep Sorrel, mash, press out the juice, spread on a 
 plate and dry down to a thick salve. Mix a little pulverized Pot- 
 ash with this salve and bind on a very little of the mixture for 
 two or three nights, or until the corn turns black, showing that 
 it has been killed, then leave it to come out. 
 
 or, 
 
 Potash, powdered 1 ounce. 
 
 Salt of Lemon, powdered ]/ 2 " 
 
 Mix, and bind a little on corn for four or five 
 nights. — (70). 
 
 E. Warm a stick of Lead Plaster and rub on to a bit of white 
 silk, which bind on to corn and wear until kernel can be pulled 
 or picked out. 
 
 F. Wet lint or batting with Spirits of Turpentine and bind 
 over corn. 
 
 CRAMPS. — Cramps are caused by irritation of a nerve or 
 nerves controlling one or more muscles. The irritation is the 
 result of waste products in the system. All life's forces are kept 
 up by irritation (see Cancer, cause of) , but when this irritation is 
 carried too far, the condition is usually indicated by pains or 
 cramps. Irritation is but another term for stimulation. At first 
 over-stimulation increases the nerve forces with the result that 
 one or more muscles become spasmodic. When these spasms 
 relax and contract, it is called clonic; when the muscle remains 
 rigid, it is called tonic spasm or cramp. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Usually change of position and massage applied to the 
 affected parts will relieve the trouble. I^ike other painful con- 
 ditions, cramps are an indication that more careful diet and more 
 thorough elimination are necessary. Cramps may be influenced 
 by too much hard work, by a lack of exercise or a lack of fresh 
 air. Cramps, pains in the stomach and bowels, rheumatism, 
 
84 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 acute or chronic, lumbago, neuralgia in any form, sciatica, head- 
 ache, and all other forms of aches and pain require the same 
 general treatment, i. e., diet, elimination and fresh air. 
 
 CROUP, SPASMODIC— This disease is a mild degree 
 of catarrhal inflammation of the larynx associated with spasm. 
 It does not often occur before the age of six months nor after the 
 fifth year. 
 
 Causes. — It occurs in the otherwise healthy as well as the 
 sickly. Some children seem predisposed to it, and those who 
 have had it once are likely to have it again. Those who have 
 large tonsils and catarrhal throats are more subject to it, the 
 immediate cause being a cold or a fit of indigestion. 
 
 Symptoms. — The attack is usually preceded by cold or hoarse- 
 ness. The child plays around by day and in the evening there 
 is a hollow, barking cough. Towards midnight there is an 
 increase in severity; the breathing becomes more difficult and 
 may be heard in an adjoining room, the child struggles for breath 
 and is in great distress, and the cough is hoarse and ringing. In 
 a few hours the breathing becomes easier, the attack passes away 
 and the child falls asleep. In the morning he is apparently well, 
 but for some hoarseness, and plays as usual. Next night there 
 is a fresh attack, usually little different from the first night. The 
 third night it will be mild or absent. Many children have such 
 attacks several times during the cold season. This disease is 
 very alarming to parents until the child has come through two or 
 more attacks, but is never dangerous. 
 
 A. For spasmodic croup keep child warm and hot flannels 
 about neck and over chest. Give % teaspoonful Syrup of Ipecac 
 every ten or fifteen minutes till child vomits freely. Give plenty 
 of warm water to wash out stomach. If there is any diphtheria 
 in country, look upon every croup case with suspicion. — (13). 
 
 B. For spasmodic croup, nothing is better or more prompt 
 than flannels wrung out of cold water and applied to throat, and 
 then covered with heavy dry flannel cloth. Renew every ten 
 minutes. — (60). 
 
 C. Alum pulverized, y?, teaspoonful in a little Molasses, is a 
 simple remedy and one that is almost always at hand. One dose 
 seldom fails to give relief, but if it should, it may be repeated : ~ 
 an hour. 
 
 D Oil of Wintergreen 10 drops. 
 
 Oil of Lobelia 16 
 
 Dilute Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and give from 1 to 10 drops every 
 fifteen or twenty minutes until the paroxysm 
 passes off, which it usually does in a very short 
 time. — (82). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 85 
 
 E. Inhale steam from lime while it is being slacked. Give 
 ^ grain of Calomel every two hours. — (9). 
 
 CROUP, MEMBRANOUS.— (See under Diphtheria). 
 
 DANDRUFF. — This affection is a disorder of the sebaceous 
 glands, technically known as seborrhea. Seborrhea may affect 
 the skin of any portion of the body, but the term dandtuffis 
 understood to mean the scurfy deposit which forms on the 
 scalp. 
 
 Cause. — Dandruff depends upon a diseased condition of the 
 oil glands which open into the hair follicles. The glands become 
 irritated and furnish too much oil, which dries on the surface 
 and forms the crusts or scales commonly known as dandruff. 
 The disease is constitutional, the same as eczema, and the 
 irritation mentioned is caused by irritants in the blood. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. Put one tablespoonful Flour of Sulphur in a quart of 
 rain water, and use once a day, after shaking well, as a wash to 
 the scalp. Do not wet your hair with anything else and you will 
 soon cure your dandruff. — (13). 
 
 B. — Wash scalp in salt water, use brush and avoid the use 
 of fine combs. Do not use metallic combs. Apply Vaseline 
 twice a week, rubbed well into scalp. — (9). 
 
 Those who object to Vaseline by reason of its being too 
 greasy, may find a valuable substitute in Glycerine and Rose 
 Water. The advantage of Glycerine lies in its easy removal. It 
 readily unites with water, therefore may easily be washed off. 
 The Vaseline would cover over and mask the symptoms and 
 allow the condition to become worse. It is in cases like these 
 that Coke Dandruff Cure, or any good antiseptic, is especially 
 valuable. — (See under Patent Preparations). 
 
 C. Bay Rum and rain water, equal parts. 
 
 For shampoo use two or three fresh eggs. When the head 
 is clean, apply the Bay Rum and rain water, rubbing into the 
 scalp with the balls of the fingers. — (50). 
 
 D. Shampoo head with white of an egg f and afterwards rub 
 scalp thoroughly with Vaseline. — (46). 
 
 DEAFNESS. — There is so much of enjoyment and happi- 
 ness dependent upon the ability to hear well, that a considerable 
 anxiety arises at once on inability to hear the slightest sound ; 
 and although there are but few who are entirely deaf as compared 
 with the mass who can hear, yet there are quite a good many 
 whose hearing is more or less affected. 
 
86 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Cause. — Inflammation of the middle ear is the general cause 
 of deafness. It may follow taking cold, or may follow the 
 infectious diseases, especially scarlet fever. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms, or sensations realized, on the 
 approach of an inflammation and consequent deafness, if the 
 inflammation is not subdued, will be a feeling of fullness of the 
 parts, uneasiness, singing noises, and pain, more or less severe. 
 If not relieved, ulceration may follow. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Let an active sweat be taken, and let this be repeated at 
 least once a day in acute cases and once a week in chronic cases 
 until relief is obtained. There is no plan quite equal to the 
 spirit, or hot-air bath, but according to the choice of the patient 
 or the conveniences at hand. In connection with the sweating 
 process, a diaphoretic, or sweating medicine, must be given that 
 will have a tendency to keep up a little perspiration, such as a tea 
 of the Virginia Snake-Root and of Pleurisy-Root, equal parts, 
 say % ounce of each, to water, i pint, drank in the course of the 
 day, and continued as needed. Active cathartics should also be 
 given; this is of first importance. 
 
 Such active systemic treatment is particularly-necessary when 
 the inflammation is acute, the result of such treatment being to 
 draw the blood away from the inflamed part, equalize the circu- 
 lation, and thus prevent the danger of the formation of an abscess, 
 which is liable to follow an acute attack of inflammation of any 
 part. 
 
 B. Deafness is not infrequently caused, or at least a partial 
 loss of hearing, by the accumulation of the natural secretions of 
 the ear (ear wax). In some cases this secretion is excessive. In 
 these cases there is a mild local inflammation from some cause, and 
 the result is not only an increase in the secretion, but the moisture 
 evaporates more rapidly, leaving the exudate (discharge) a dry 
 and hardened mass. This is continually surrounded by a fresh 
 supply, which keeps the surface unirritated and the condition 
 unnoticed by the individual. This accumulation is in the 
 external canal and can be easily removed. Lay the sound ear 
 on the table, and with a small syringe fill the affected ear with 
 the following solution: 
 
 Baking Soda i teaspoonful. 
 
 Glycerine 8 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Water 8 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Mix, allow the solution to remain in the ear 
 ten or fifteen minutes, let it drain and plug 
 with batting. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 87 
 
 Repeat twice a day for two or three days, then syringe out 
 with soap and warm water. This will remove any accumulations, 
 and in cases where deafness is the result of such accumulations, 
 hearing will be restored. 
 
 C. Hen's Oil, 1 gill ; and a single handful of the sweet 
 clover raised in gardens stewed in the oil until the juice is all out; 
 strain it and bottle for use. 
 
 Where deafness is recent, it will be cured by putting three or 
 four drops daily into the ear; but if of long standing, much relief 
 will be obtained if continued a sufficient length of time. Syringe 
 out ears with warm soapsuds twice a day — morning and evening. 
 
 DELIRIUM. — The term delirium means a wandering of the 
 mind dependent upon some disease, as a fever, and so distin- 
 guished from insanity. In a delirious state the ideas of a person 
 are wild, irregular and unconnected. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Give a few drops of Pare- 
 goric to quiet and produce sleep: If a child, from 15 to 20 drops; 
 if an adult, a teaspoonful of the Paregoric, or from 15 to 20 drops 
 of Laudanum. As a general thing, delirium is produced by fever, 
 and a doctor is visiting the patient every day; but sometimes ill- 
 ness comes on in that way — a person may be taken delirious — 
 and the above is the thing to do until the doctor comes. The feet 
 may be immersed in warm water, as the object is to draw the 
 excess of blood from the brain. 
 
 A. Reduce the fever with cold sponging and cold cloths to 
 head. Keep feet warm. Keep quiet. Do not let in any com- 
 pany. Give an adult 20 grains Bromide of Potash in water if 
 there is no contra-indication. Always consult doctor. (13). 
 
 DELIRIUM TREMENS.— (See under Ai.cohoi.ism). 
 
 DIABETES. — There are two varieties of this disease, 
 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetes Insipidus. 
 
 DIABETES MELLITUS.— This is a disorder of nutrition 
 in which fruit sugar accumulates in the blood and later is carried 
 from the system with the urine, which is greatly increased. 
 
 During digestion the starch contained in the different food 
 products is converted into glucose or grape sugar. This is 
 absorbed and carried by the veins direct to the liver, where some 
 of it is converted into a substance called glycogen. The glycogen 
 is stored up by the liver cells and delivered to the circulation as the 
 system requires. In health it unites with the oxygen from the 
 air we breathe and is oxidized. This produces heat and aids in 
 
88 PA VORITM MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 maintaining the bodily temperature; but the system cannot 
 oxidize the amount present in diabetes, hence its appearance 
 through the kidneys. 
 
 Cause. — While there are a number of theories advanced 
 regarding the cause of Diabetes Mellitus, all investigators are 
 agreed that the disease is preceded by some disordered state of 
 the nervous system. Undoudtedly the first cause is indigestion 
 and constipation. Both are present. The return circulation 
 from the digestive tract passes through the liver, the latter 
 becomes unhealthy and unable to convert the glucose into 
 glycogen, in which case more glucose is left in the circulation 
 than the system can oxidize. Passing through the circulation, 
 the glucose irritates and weakens the kidneys until some of it 
 finds its way into the secreting tubes and is carried off with the 
 urine. Primarily this is called Diabetes; later it causes Bright 's 
 Disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — The onset of this disease is nearly always 
 stealthy, and is unnoticed by the patient. The first thing noticed 
 in many cases is excessive thirst or a large increase in the amount 
 of urine, or it may be unusual weakness. The urine is pale in 
 color, very acid, the specific gravity is increased, and sugar is 
 constantly present. At times the appetite is voracious, and at the 
 same time there is a loss of flesh. 
 
 The normal amount of urine daily is about fifty ounces, or 
 three pints. In this disease the amount varies from six or eight 
 pints in mild cases to thirty or forty pints in severe ones. The 
 tongue is usually dry, red and glazed. The skin is dry and harsh. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — Keep the patient on a strict diet. Avoid all 
 starchy foods, and also those that contain sugar. 
 
 Drink as small a quantity of fluids of all kinds as possible. 
 A cold, weak infusion of common tea is the most harmless, and 
 at the same time quite as efficient in quenching thirst as any 
 drink that can be taken. Patients may be allowed to take a 
 swallow of this every hour or two. 
 
 Attention to the skin is also a matter of importance. Frequent 
 bathing is desirable. The warm alkaline and spirituous bath may 
 be used before going to bed, and the cold sponge bath in the 
 morning before dressing. Both should be followed with a brisk 
 friction, especially on the spine. To prevent irritation apply 
 Sweet Oil. 
 
 A compound Taraxacum and Podophyllin pill should be 
 given every night and morning, or in such quantity as will at 
 least secure one evacuation from the bowels every day. Other 
 valuable remedies for the constipation which is always present 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 89 
 
 are: the well-known Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna combina- 
 tion in pill form; or the Fluid Extract of Cascara Sagrada in 
 10-drop doses morning and night, more or less, as needed. 
 
 As a tonic, a decoction of Ptelea and Wild Cherry may be 
 given in wineglassful doses three times a day. 
 
 A. Milk diet. Avoid sugar or starchy foods. 
 
 Basham's Mixture in teaspoonful doses 3 or 4 times a day. — 
 
 (7)- 
 
 B. Abstain from sugars and starch and reduce mental work 
 and worry. — (3.) 
 
 C. Avoid sugars and starches in diet. Diet alone will some- 
 times cure, but must be continued for a long time. — (50). 
 
 D. Dr. King makes the following report: "I have treated four 
 cases of Diabetes Mellitus successfully by the internal administra- 
 tion of Nitrate of Ammonia in doses of from 10 to 20 grains 
 repeated three times a day and given in solution. In conjunction 
 with this agent I also employed the following pills, alternating 
 them every four weeks: 
 
 "No. 1. Citrate of Iron and Strychnia 45 grains. 
 
 Quinine Sulphate 45 " 
 
 Opium 60 " 
 
 Mix, divide into 90 pills, and give one pill 
 three or four times a day. 
 
 "No. 2. Bromide Potassium 270 grains. 
 
 Extract Conium Maculatum 90 ' ' 
 
 Extract Aletris 90 " 
 
 Mix, divide into 90 pills and give same 
 as above, giving No. 1 for four weeks and then 
 giving No. 2 for the next four weeks, and so on. " 
 
 Rennet wine was prescribed to be taken after the breakfast 
 and dinner meals, and the usual attention bestowed upon the 
 skin, kidneys, bowels, diet, etc. 
 
 E. Carbonate of Ammonia 90 grains. 
 
 Phosphate of Ammonia 90 " 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 2 drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Ginger y 2 ounce. 
 
 Glycerine lj£ " 
 
 Simple Elixir enough to make.. 4 " 
 
 Dose, a teaspoonful in water three times a 
 day. 
 
 This mixture is very grateful to the patient. 
 It relieves thirst and mitigates the morbid 
 appetite. The tongue gradually becomes moist, 
 and the urine diminishes in quantity and con- 
 tains less sugar. — (74). 
 
go 
 
 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 DIABETES INSIPIDUS.— This disease usually comes on 
 slowly. Increased secretion of urine and great thirst are the chief 
 symptoms. The amount of urine may be from twenty to forty 
 pints a day and even more. It is extremely pale and watery, and 
 of low specific gravity. The low specific gravity and absence of 
 sugar in the urine will distinguish this disease from Diabetes 
 Mellitus. 
 
 In many instances Diabetes Insipidus does not interfere with 
 the general health, the greatest inconvenience being frequent 
 passing of water and constant thirst. If the primary cause of 
 this trouble is some organic disease, the health may be much 
 impaired. Where there is no other disease, the patient may have 
 good health indefinitely, or nature may restore him to normal 
 health. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same as that for Diabetes Mellitus. 
 True, sugar may not be present, but the danger is that this form 
 will run into Diabetes Mellitus prcper; hence the advisability of 
 following the treatments outlined above. 
 
 DIARRHEA. — The Alimentary Canal is about 30 or 32 feet 
 long and begins in the mouth. It is lined throughout with 
 mucous membrane. The different portions of this tract have 
 been given different names, as follows: 
 
 First, the mouth. 
 
 Second, the throat. 
 
 Third, the sesophagus, which leads from the throat to the 
 stomach and which is about nine inches in length. 
 
 Fourth, the stomach, which is from 10 to 12 inches in 
 length and is capable of holding from 3 to 8 pints, according to 
 the amount of distension. 
 
 Fifth, the first part of the small bowel, called the duodenum, 
 which is 10 to 12 inches in length. 
 
 Sixth, the small bowel, which is about 25 feet in length and 
 is capable of holding about 15 pints. 
 
 Seventh, the large bowel, which is 5 or 6 feet in length and 
 is capable of holding about 8 pints, but, moderately distended, 
 will hold twice that amount. 
 
 The mouth is designed for the mechanical division of food 
 and the first step in digestion, called insalivation. The aesophagus 
 conveys the food to the stomach. The stomach is simply a dila- 
 tation of the canal, being that part of the tract where some of 
 the principal digestive changes are produced and in which the 
 partial reduction and solution of the food takes place. In the 
 small bowel the digestive changes are rendered more complete 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 9 1 
 
 and the nutritive principles of the food are separated and absorbed 
 into the circulation, the unused portion being passed on into the 
 large bowel as waste material and, in health, eliminated from the 
 system. Excessive and rapid eating, drinking of strong tea and 
 coffee and the excessive use of the various alcoholic liquors, fol- 
 lowed by indigestion and a lack of elimination together with con- 
 sequent degenerative changes and the absorption of many poisons, 
 are responsible for most of our ills. 
 
 The glands of the mouth furnish one kind of digestive fer- 
 ment, those of the stomach three kinds, and those of the small 
 bowel several other kinds. (See Digestion). There is little 
 or no digestive fluid furnished by the glands of the large bowel. 
 
 The mucous membrane which lines the digestive tract and 
 the various glands which it contains is a delicate structure, and was 
 not designed by Nature to suffer the abuse and neglect to which 
 it is often subjected. The coats of the small bowel are very thin. 
 Commencing just below the duodenum, or about one foot below 
 the stomach, the small bowel is so thin that a newspaper may be 
 read through it. 
 
 The digestive tract is subject to many diseases, which are 
 usually described under separate heads, but which for conveni- 
 ence and clearness are here described together. Strictly speak- 
 ing, they are not different diseases, but different stages of the 
 same disease — different stages of the same inflammatory process 
 — and that is why it seems advisable to group them together. 
 
 The following are some of the different terms applied to the 
 different stages of the disease found in the digestive tract: 
 
 Diarrhea. — This is a morbid condition marked by frequent 
 movements and an increased amount of fluid eliminated. The 
 mucous membrane is congested and presents a catarrhal condi- 
 tion. 
 
 Inflammation of the Bowels. — This is a catarrhal inflam- 
 mation of the mucous membrane of the bowels accompanied with 
 fever, soreness and frequent movement. It is sometimes called 
 Catarrhal Diarrhea. It is said to be confined more to the large 
 bowel, but, like dysentery, it includes more or less of the small 
 bowel. The mucous membrane is swollen and presents a catar- 
 rhal appearance. The swelling may be so great that vessels 
 rupture and blood appears in the eliminations. The glands are 
 swollen and elevated and show a strong tendency to ulcerate. The 
 condition of the mucous membrane may be considered a stage 
 between diarrhea and dysentery. 
 
 Dysentery. — This is an inflammation of the mucous mem- 
 brane of the large bowel particularly, but also includes more or 
 less of the small bowel. Dysentery is sometimes called Bloody 
 
92 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Flux, because during these attacks some small blood vessels in the 
 mucous membrane may rupture and blood appear in the elimina- 
 tions, but this same evidence of inflammation may and often does 
 occur in bowel difficulties which are known by other names. This 
 is only an aggravated case of diarrhea. The disease extends all 
 the way from a mild form of inflammation to the more serious 
 condition where the inflammation is so great that nutrition is 
 shut off, ulcers form and parts of the mucous membrane slough 
 away. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of diarrhea is indigestion, constipation, or 
 both. Diarrhea usually occurs during the summer months 
 because the system is weakened and relaxed by the heat. This is 
 especially true of children as they have not sufficient vitality and 
 physical strength to withstand its effects. Again, people drink 
 more during the summer; this favors free action of the bowels, 
 and may interfere with digestion, especially if taken soon after 
 meals. Another important reason is found in the amount of 
 unripe fruit that is eaten. Unripe fruit contains' starch, which 
 is converted into glucose or fruit sugar during the process of 
 ripening. A considerable quantity of this sugar in some kinds of 
 fruits is what gives them their sweet taste. Uncooked starch is 
 not digestible and acts as an irritant in the digestive tract, thus 
 stimulating increased activity. This form of diarrhea is usually 
 acute, but the inflammation is mild and tends to early recovery. 
 At other seasons of the year constipation is the rule, because the 
 heat is replaced by a bracing atmosphere and the many varieties 
 of green fruit are not indulged in. 
 
 The' stages of diarrhea known as Inflammation of the Bowels 
 and Dysentery are the result of unhealthy conditions that 
 have existed for some time. First, the morbid effects cause 
 only congestion, and this passes unnoticed into a mild form of 
 inflammation before the diarrhea begins. The mucous membrane 
 has become unhealthy to the extent that degenerative changes 
 have made their appearance. Distributed throughout the mucous 
 membrane are little thimble -shaped depressions called glands, 
 which open into the bowel. Before dysentery begins these become 
 swollen and choked with unhealthy secretions until they are ready 
 to break down and ulcerate. With the increased inflammation 
 there is increased distension of the blood vessels and increased 
 exudate from the swollen glands. When the unhealthy secre- 
 tions from the diseased glands and other products of inflammation 
 reach a certain point, the irritation, acting as a stimulus, causes 
 increased action, resulting in dysentery. These cases do not 
 recover as rapidly as simple diarrhea because a greater derange- 
 ment precedes the attack, yet, as stated, all of these so-called 
 diseases are but different stages of the same inflammatory pro- 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 93 
 
 cess. Following constipation, there is more pressure, hence 
 more soreness, and the disease is of longer duration because it 
 comes on gradually and the morbid changes in the mucous mem- 
 brane reach greater proportions before giving evidence of the 
 conditions present. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms in a mild case of Diarrhea may be 
 colicky pains and a little nausea, and there may also be some 
 headache and a feeling of languor; the inflammation is slight as 
 there has been no structural change in the mucous membrane, 
 and the symptoms largely disappear with thorough elimination. 
 With simple diarrhea there is no fever present in the beginning. 
 This form of the disease usually lasts three or four days. The 
 movements are frequent and include large quantities of water, 
 showing the distension of the blood vessels from which the water 
 was drained. The odor is bad. In many of these cases food, show- 
 ing but little or no effects of digestion, is eliminated. This is due 
 to the unhealthy condition of the bowel. The mucous membrane 
 lining the bowel is swollen and presents a catarrhal condition. 
 There is no rupture of small vessels and blood does not appear. 
 
 If there is a burning or scalding sensation, it shows that the 
 inflammation has progressed a step further. The eliminations 
 now present a greenish appearance, the odor is increased, and the 
 mucous secretions thicken more or less as the disease advances. 
 
 This disease occurring in children makes them irritable; they 
 cry a great deal, are peevish, fretful, and appear to suffer consid- 
 erably. They vomit easily, and the eliminations contain undi- 
 gested food, also curdy lumps if the child drinks milk. These 
 lumps are formed of that part of the milk called caseine, or milk 
 albumen. 
 
 Chronic Diarrhea may follow frequent attacks of acute. In 
 chronic diarrhea the symptoms are all aggravated, and the change 
 in the mucous membrane resembles that found in dysentery. Both 
 the mucous membrane and the submucous or deeper tissues pre- 
 sent a catarrhal condition. There is an abundance of mucus 
 furnished by the glands mentioned. Many of these glands break 
 down and small ulcers form, hence pus may also appear. Chronic 
 diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels and dysentery are most 
 marked in the large bowel, although more or less of the small 
 bowel is included. 
 
 As any of these forms of disease continue, the whole thick- 
 ness of the mucous membrane becomes involved and the number 
 of glands that are broken down and converted into ulcers are 
 increased, and not only the mucous membrane, but the outer 
 portion of the bowel may become involved and form adhesions to 
 the surrounding structures.. 
 
94 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 First the mucous membrane, and the connective tissue 
 beneath which joins it to the muscular layer, slough away 
 in large patches, and the whole thickness of the bowel becomes 
 infiltrated with blood and serum, which presents more or less a 
 dark hue by reason of the continued congestion and inflammation. 
 The bowel is swollen and thickened as the result of new tissue 
 growth. Eater the contraction of this tissue tends to close the 
 ulcers, thus permanently destroying many of the glands, and the 
 walls of the bowels are more or less thinned as a result of the 
 contraction of the new tissue and the destruction of the natural. 
 The contraction is not uniform, hence the bowel presents an 
 unequal diameter; in some places it is narrowed, and in others, 
 dilated. It contains mucus, pus, and other products of inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment of any and all forms of diarrhea or dysentery 
 is not difficult, and is practically the same, because all forms pre- 
 sent characteristics more or less in common. Dosage should be 
 regulated according to age, but otherwise the treatment for 
 infant, child or adult is the same. 
 
 First, secure thorough elimination. For this purpose Castor 
 Oil, Epsom Salts or Rochelle Salts are most frequently used, and 
 their frequency is in the order named. One large dose of either 
 may be given, although several small doses of the Salts frequently 
 repeated will perhaps act more thoroughly. The Castor Oil is 
 most rapid and certain in its action, therefore would be preferable 
 if the case was urgent. Castor Oil, however, is very nauseating 
 to many, hence we recommend in its stead Eaxol (see Index), 
 which is nearly ioo per cent, pure Castor Oil, with the taste of 
 the Oil disguised. Those who prefer to buy it will find it at any 
 drug store. 
 
 With the Salts the action depends more upon the large 
 amount of water they attract into the bowel from the congested 
 or inflamed mucous membrane, hence their effects are more cool- 
 ing, and for this reason they would be the better remedy in 
 inflammation. The Salts also produce more or less nausea. For 
 some years past we have used in their place the Seidlitz Salts 
 manufactured by the Abbott Alkaloidal Co. of Ravenswood, 
 Chicago, Illinois. This preparation is 98 per cent. Epsom Salts, 
 the other two per cent, being of such a nature as to render the 
 compound effervescing and pleasant to take. From a teaspoonful 
 to a tablespoonful of the Salts may be taken every morning, or as 
 needed. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 95 
 
 Calomel is another excellent remedy. In making this state- 
 ment we realize that there is much prejudice against this drug. 
 It may be taken in one dose of 5 to 10 grains, or ^-grain doses 
 may be taken one hour apart until the bowel? move freely. 
 
 The laxatives mentioned are for the purpose of freeing the 
 digestive tract of irritating substances, and should be followed by 
 antiseptics. For this purpose we especially recommend the 
 following: 
 
 Ten grains of Salol every three hours, or the same amount of 
 the Sulphocarbolates of Iyime, Zinc and Soda combined; or if the 
 movements are very frequent and it is desired to control this 
 particular feature, give Sulphocarbolate of Zinc alone — 5 grains 
 every two hours. The preparation of Zinc is astringent while the 
 combination or Salol is not; otherwise there is no difference. In 
 either case the purpose is to render the digestive tract clean and 
 healthy. These remedies stop fermentation and render ulcers 
 and other unhealthy surfaces clean and wholesome. As soon as 
 there is improvement, give less often — perhaps two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 The main thought to keep in mind is cleanliness. Ulcers or 
 any degenerative changes in the digestive tract should be treated 
 the same as on the surface. For this purpose, the Sulpho- 
 carbolates of I^ime, Zinc and Soda combined, or Salol, are the 
 best remedies. Regulate the dose and the treatment for infants, 
 children and adults is the same. 
 
 Arsenite of Copper is another remedy of value and may be 
 given in doses of T ^ of a grain every two to four hours. Half 
 this amount, 7 J ¥ of a grain, may be given either with the Sulpho- 
 carbolates or the Salol. The tablets are most convenient. 
 
 The following remedy will check fermentation, relieve the 
 congestion of the mucous membrane and free its surface of 
 unhealthy secretions, stimulate digestion and regulate movement. 
 It is a valuable remedy for many cases of bowel troubles that 
 occur in summer, and especially so with children: 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm 
 
 Wine of Ipecac 1 " 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 6 " 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb sufficient to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every 2 to 4 hours, 
 as indicated by the condition of the bowels. 
 Give a dose of Laxol before commencing this 
 remedy. 
 
 Fever may be present with both inflammation of the bowels 
 and dysentery. If it is, the foregoing treatment will be ideal, as 
 it is aimed directly at the cause, i. e. , the unhealthy condition of 
 the bowels. Additional treatment for the fever consists of Aco- 
 
96 favorite, medical receipts. 
 
 nite and Veratrum in one-drop doses every hour or two. A better 
 remedy for fever resulting from inflammation of the bowels is the 
 following: 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac 10 drops. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite 10 " 
 
 Glycerine ]/ z ounce. 
 
 Water enough to make 4 " 
 
 Dose: — 1 teaspoonful every hour. 
 
 If there is much pain and restlessness with children, give 
 Codeine. For a child one year old, -§V of a grain two or three 
 times a day is usually sufficient. For adults where there is pain 
 and soreness due to inflammation or dysentery, give one grain of 
 Opium. One or two doses a day are usually sufficient. Opium is 
 constipating and this effect must be overcome by Laxol, Seidlitz 
 Salts, or some other remedy. It is generally understood that in 
 inflammation of the bowels and dysentery the pain and soreness 
 are marked. We have seen many cases where the pain and sore- 
 ness were severe in an ordinary case of diarrhea, and have seen 
 chronic cases free from both. 
 
 In many cases of bowel trouble there is rapid emaciation, 
 because digestion and assimilation are interfered with to such an 
 extent that the patient receives but little nourishment; hence 
 the question of diet is an important one. In simple diarrhea, if 
 all food is stopped for 24 hours it will be of great benefit to the 
 patient, and then only such food should be allowed as is easily 
 digested, and should be taken in rather small amounts for a few 
 days. Milk, or milk and lime water, equal parts, is perhaps best 
 of all. Next are toast, boiled rice and meat broths. The less 
 solid food taken the better. In chronic cases, toast, meat broths, 
 soft cooked eggs and other concentrated foods that are easily 
 digested should be taken. 
 
 Diarrhea.— Remedies Recommended. — 
 
 A. Give a little hot brandy sling. Take the bark of Black- 
 berry roots and leaves and steep up and make a strong decoction. 
 Drink this freely, but avoid other drinks as much as possible, 
 especially cold water. A little grated nutmeg may be put into 
 the tea, and it may be sweetened with loaf sugar if desired. 
 
 B. Paregoric 4 drachms. 
 
 Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb 3 " 
 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia 2 " 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 " 
 
 Blackberry Wine enough to make.. 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose; 2 teaspoonfuls (bottle well shaken) in 
 a little water every three hours. — (22). 
 
 C. Arsenate of Copper jfo grain. 
 
 Water 8 ounces. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 97 
 
 Dose; 1 teaspoonful every ten to twenty- 
 minutes till relieved, 
 
 or, 
 
 Paregoric 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture Red Pepper 1 drachm. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth }4 
 
 Syrup 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take teaspoonful every half hour 
 until relieved. — (46). 
 
 D. Tincture of Rhubarb 1 ounce. 
 
 Spirits of Camphor % " 
 
 Laudanum y z " 
 
 Tincture of Ginger y z 
 
 Essence of Cinnamon l / z " 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum J^t " 
 
 Mix, and shake when using. 
 
 Dose: One-half teaspoonful, on sugar or in a 
 little sweetened water. In severe cases repeat 
 every 30 minutes until relief from pain is' ob- 
 tained, then every hour or two as needed until 
 the evacuations are lessened and improved in 
 appearance. 
 
 B . Tincture of Aconite 5 to 10 drops. 
 
 Tincture of Ipecac 15 drops. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose: 1 teaspoonful every hour. — (77). 
 
 F. Dr. Owen reports a case of a friend of his who cured 
 himself of a most obstinate diarrhea of several months standing, 
 after trying everything else he could hear of, simply by eating 
 once a day, as his dinner, a slice of raw bacon, a raw onion and 
 plenty of salt, and bread. It required only two weeks to effect 
 the cure. The doctor adds: "The remedy is not bad to take if 
 one is hungry." 
 
 Diarrhea of Old Age. — Sometimes with old people there is 
 a relaxed condition of the bowels that causes diarrhea. These 
 cases are not frequent, but are occasionally met, and the treat- 
 ment especially recommended for them is as follows: 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine % grain. 
 
 Hyoscyamine 1-10 " 
 
 Sulphocarbolate of Zinc 24 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 2 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful every two or three hours until there is 
 improvement, then less often. 
 
 Inflammation of the Bowels.— -Remedies Recommended. 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Evacuate the bowels, if 
 possible, with an injection of soapsuds, as hot as can be borne. 
 Put the patient to bed and cover the bowels either with cloths 
 7 
 
98 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 wrung out of the hot decoction of some bitter herb, such as May- 
 weed or Smartweed steeped up, or with a poultice made of Flax- 
 seed meal. Or cloths may be wrung out of hot water alone. 
 The hot applications afford relief, but if the pain is very severe 
 and there is any Laudanum in the house, from 8 to 12 drops 
 may be given, if an adult. 
 
 A. Warm poultices to the abdomen. Half teaspoonful doses 
 of Epsom Salts every two hours till the discharges are frequent. 
 Milk diet. Laudanum or Paregoric to relieve pain. — (9). 
 
 B. Keep the bowels moving, and apply hot flannel cloths 
 with flannel binder around the abdomen. — (17). 
 
 C. Give tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in goblet of hot water. 
 Apply hot fomentations. Insure absolute rest in bed and send 
 for a doctor. — (14). 
 
 Dysentery. — Remedies Recommended. 
 
 What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — In the first place give 
 Castor Oil according to age: for a child, a teaspoonful with 1 
 to 2 drops of Laudanum; for an adult, a tablespoonful of the 
 Oil with from 10 to 15 drops of Laudanum. Hot brandy sling is 
 good. A most excellent remedy is a tea made from Blackberry 
 roots: Take a small handful of the roots, put into a dish and 
 steep, and let the patient drink freely of it. If for a child, it may 
 be sweetened by adding loaf or white sugar. 
 
 In country districts remote from a physician the physic may 
 be followed with a tea made of the bark of White Oak — the young 
 growth, or saplings. Steep it, add a few drops of the Spirits of 
 Camphor, and give a teaspoonful to a dose, repeating every three 
 or four hours. The Oak tea should not be given until the physic 
 has operated. The Blackberry tea may be given from the start. 
 
 The diet should be of the mildest and most nourishing kind, 
 as boiled milk with a bit of flour thickening, making a kind of 
 porridge, or thickened milk, rice boiled in milk, or rice flour, if it 
 can be obtained, scalded with water then boiled in milk, or boiled 
 milk with bread crumbled in it, until the strength begins to mend, 
 then avoid everything likely to produce a relapse, which is almost 
 always worse than the first attack. 
 
 A. Dover's Powder y 2 drachni. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth x / 2 ounce. 
 
 Salol y 2 drachm. 
 
 Mix , divide into twelve powders and take 
 one every hour or two. — (46). 
 
 B. Empty bowels by Oil or Salts in small doses. Give adult 
 5 to 10 drops of Laudanum in one teaspoonful of Castor Oil every 
 two to four hours. — (13). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 99 
 
 C. Give hot starch injections and encourage free perspira- 
 tion.— (5). 
 
 D. 10 drops of Laudanum in a tablespoonful of Castor Oil. 
 Very plain diet. Drink hot salt water (teaspoonful to the pint). 
 Wash the bowels out with hot soapsuds. — (7). 
 
 E. Dysentery of Small Children. — Dr. Hall reports his success 
 with dysentery of small children. His treatment is so uniform 
 that it is only necessary to give one case to have a general under- 
 standing of it. "A child of eight months had diarrhea, com- 
 mencing in the morning, but in the evening the stools became 
 small and bloody, attended with tenesmus (straining). Pulse 130 
 and hard, surface hot, very restless, nausea with occasional 
 retching. Discharges about every ten minutes. Child regarded 
 by the parents as in a dangerous condition, one having died in 
 the same house from the same disease the week previous. 
 
 " Prescribed at 11 p. m.: 
 
 Tincture of Aconite 5 drops. 
 
 Tincture of Ipecac 15 " 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose.— A teaspoonful every hour. 
 
 " No dysenteric discharges after 4 a. m. next morning, and 
 the child was well the second day." 
 
 The Ipecac is believed to be certain, or specific, in its action 
 upon mucous surfaces — the internal surface of the intestines is 
 mucus — and the Aconite lowers the circulation and thus reduces 
 fever. A child 2 to 4 years old might be given twice the amount. 
 An adult might take a tablespoonful as a dose. 
 
 DIPHTHERIA. — Diphtheria is an acute communicable 
 disease characterized by the formation of a false membrane upon 
 certain mucous surfaces, especially of the tonsils and throat. Like 
 other inflammations it varies in severity, ranging from a mild to 
 a severe form. In the mild forms there is little constitutional 
 disturbances; in the severe forms there is great prostration and 
 heart weakness. It is often followed by paralysis of the throat. 
 A severe case is one of the most dreaded diseases of childhood. 
 Though often epidemic, it is always present in large cities . 
 
 Cause. — Diphtheria is due to a certain specific poison. Some 
 claim this poison is "the result of germ action, and others claim 
 that it is a constitutional disease. 
 
 The period of inoculation is from two to five days. Second 
 attacks are very common. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is considerable variance in the intensity 
 of the symptoms and the development of the disease. It may 
 begin mildly with a sensation of chilliness followed by slight 
 
 L0F& 
 
100 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 fever, indisposition, and some uneasiness in swallowing. Or the 
 onset may be severe, a chill being followed with great febrile 
 reaction, swallowing becoming painful, the limbs aching and the 
 prostration being marked. 
 
 The first local symptom is a redness of one or both tonsils, 
 accompanied with a swelling of the glands at the angle of the 
 jaw. After this redness comes an exudation which gradually 
 forms a membranous tissue covering more or less the surface of 
 the tonsils. The membrane may extend to the nasal passages, 
 giving rise to an offensive discharge from the nose of a thin, 
 serous fluid, slightly tinged with blood. The disease may also 
 extend from the throat along the Kustacian tubes to the middle 
 ear and cause deafness. In such cases the tympanum, or outer 
 membrane, may be perforated, and there may be caries (death) of 
 the bones of the ear. The membrane formed in the throat is 
 usually of a grayish or leathery color, which, if removed, leaves a 
 raw and bleeding surface — a characteristic feature of a diphtheritic 
 membrane as distinguished from whitish patches that may form in the 
 throat in other affections. Not infrequently portions of this 
 membrane are expectorated, and in severe cases ulceration and 
 sloughing also occur. The odor arising from the putrid secre- 
 tions in diphtheria is exceedingly offensive. 
 
 Nausea, vomiting or bleeding at the nose, when occurring 
 late in the disease, paralysis before the exudate (membrane) 
 disappears, subnormal temperature and all complications are 
 unfavorable. Also convulsions occurring late are unfavorable, 
 while as ushering-in symptoms they are of no especial significance. 
 Diphtheria paralysis is usually recovered from, though paralysis 
 of the heart may occur when least expected. Even after the 
 danger seems past, the child while at play may by reason of 
 sudden effort topple over dead, and for this reason should be kept 
 quiet during convalescence. Paralysis of the muscles of respira- 
 tion or of the diaphragm give rise to grave symptoms. Complica- 
 tions may prove fatal by their attack upon other organs, as the 
 kidneys, liver or brain. Paralysis of the muscles of the throat 
 may cause fluids to pass out through the nose. Imperfect closure 
 of the epiglottis may allow food to enter the trachea (windpipe) . 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Diphtheria is generally 
 confined to childhood. If the disease is prevalent and any mem- 
 ber of the family complains of "sore throat," be on guard. It 
 may prove to be only a sore throat from taking cold, but diphtheria 
 generally commences in that way. The first thing the child com- 
 plains of is that his throat feels sore, that it hurts him to swallow, 
 or perhaps that his throat pains him. First give a cathartic. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 101 
 
 Squeeze out the juice from lemons and stir in sulphur until you 
 have it about the consistency of thick cream. Give the child a 
 little 'in his mouth every half hour and have him swallow it. 
 Keep watch of the throat, and if the lining membrane, that is, the 
 inside of the throat, assumes an ash-colored hue, put him to bed, 
 in a room by himself, and keep others away; keep him warm and 
 send immediately for your doctor. Bathe the throat with Cam- 
 phorated Oil, putting on the Oil pretty freely and afterwards 
 wrapping with a flannel cloth. Give all the lemonade he can 
 drink. 
 
 An excellent gargle for diphtheric sore throat is made of the 
 Chlorate of Potash and the Sulphite of Soda, put up in powders 
 of twenty grains of the Potash to ten grains of the Soda. Put one 
 of these powders into a common goblet, fill two-thirds full of hot 
 water, so as to dissolve it, and gargle the throat every two or 
 three hours. Have the child gargle as low down as possible, and 
 occasionally let him swallow a quarter of a teaspoonful — just 
 enough to moisten the membranes of the throat — especially if he 
 cannot gargle well. If he cannot gargle and it is necessary to 
 use a swab, take Glycerine and Carbolic Acid, 15 parts Glycerine 
 to one part Carbolic Acid, or say 15 drops of Carbolic Acid to one 
 ounce of Glycerine, and swab the throat with that. 
 
 A. Carbolic Acid, full strength 15 drops. 
 
 Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Myrrh 1 " 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen 5 drops. 
 
 Mix, and add slowly by trituration (stirring 
 rapidly) four ounces of honey. 
 
 Dose. — Give child one tablespoonful every 
 half hour, if the case is severe. This remedy 
 has proven very successful in the treatment 
 of diphtheria and those who use it will find 
 the results most satisfactory. 
 
 The food should be of the most nourishing kind, milk, eggs, 
 beef, broths, toast, etc. Small amounts must be given at frequent 
 intervals day and night. 
 
 If there is discharge from the nose, spray the- cavities with 
 Peroxide of Hydrogen, and spray the throat with the same 
 remedy. Sleep should not interfere with treatment, either 
 medicinal or feeding. 
 
 Antitoxin is considered by many a specific for diphtheria, 
 and is quite generally used, but can be administered only by a 
 physician. 
 
 B. Bathe the throat internally and externally with ordinary 
 coal oil. Give Sulphur mixed in molasses, and if improvement 
 is not soon apparent, send for your doctor. — (17). 
 
102 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 C. Iodide of Potash 2 drachms. 
 
 Whiskey 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and give teaspoonful every four hours. 
 
 Give Antitoxin as soon as the disease is diagnosed. 
 
 Give teaspoonful of Salt in y 2 glass of warm water every 
 three to four hours, and at the same time give 3 to 10 drops of 
 the Tincture of Digitalis in water three times daily, according to 
 
 age.— (46). 
 
 Note. — If the salt solution causes nausea, lessen or omit that part of 
 the treatment. 
 
 D. Diphtheria Antitoxin, first and last. Throat disinfected 
 with Hydrogen Peroxide sprayed, full strength. — (60). 
 
 E. Antitoxin. Calomel cathartic — from 1 to 5 grains of 
 Calomel, according to age. Use disinfectant gargle. Patient 
 ordinarily well in four or five days. — (54). 
 
 F. Iodide of Mercury, first dilution. Give 2 tablets every 
 two hours. Chlorinated I^ime Water, give 2 drops in water every 
 two hours. Alternate the two remedies. Use Alcohol for gar- 
 gling, and as strong as possible. Make patient eat the most 
 nourishing foods. Do not use Antitoxin unless it is known to 
 be fresh and pure. — (18) — Homeopathic. 
 
 G. Report of two cases where Phytolacca was used as treat- 
 ment: 
 
 1. "Mrs. B., 31. Nov. 16th. Throat commenced to feel 
 sore in morning, followed by high fever all day, right tonsil very 
 much swollen; at noon commenced to see substance forming on 
 the tonsil. Was called 10 p. m., found right tonsil covered com- 
 pletely with pseudo- membrane, fauces and soft palate very much 
 inflamed, deglutition almost impossible, loss of appetite, great 
 frontal headache, bowels moved every two hours, with severe pain 
 in umbilical regions, great prostration, vertigo" (dizziness) "so 
 great she could not walk. Pulse 127, soft. Gave Phytolacca 
 4 drops every hour, and a gargle of same every hour, consisting 
 of 50 drops in tumbler water. 18th, very much better; pulse, 
 100, throat did not feel near so sore, false membrane began 
 to come off, back and limbs ached but slightly, headache nearly 
 gone; continued same treatment three days. Discharged her 
 cured. Diarrhea stopped second day." 
 
 2. "Mrs. G., 21, nursing a babe. Dec. nth, throat com- 
 menced to feel sore, very restless night. 12th, slight headache 
 with severe pain in back and legs, very chilly all the time, throat 
 very sore, both tonsils very much swollen and covered in patches 
 with dark-colored pseudo-membrane, deglutition" (swallowing) 
 "very difficult, face very much flushed, great prostration, could not 
 sit up any, so faint and weak, bowels regular. Gave Phytolacca 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 103 
 
 4 drops every Y 2 hour, with gargle of same. 13th, felt very 
 much better; fever all gone, back and legs did not ache any, 
 throat felt very sore, tonsils very red and swollen, covered in 
 patches with the pseudo- exudation, deglutition very painful. 
 Continued same treatment once an hour. 14th, felt quite well; 
 pseudo-membrane off from both tonsils, large holes eaten into 
 tonsils, could swallow quite well. Continued same treatment 
 every two hours, discharged her cured next day. Babe nursed 
 her throughout, did not take disease." 
 
 LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIA— CROUP, TRUE OR 
 MEMBRANOUS. — For many years the medical fraternity has 
 been divided as to the identity of membranous croup and diph- 
 theria, but to-day most physicians consider them one and the 
 same. 
 
 The treatment and general care of the child is the same as 
 that already given under Diphtheria. 
 
 DROPSY. — Dropsy is not a disease, but a symptom. It is 
 a result of disease and indicates a serious condition of the 
 health. It consists of an effusion of the watery part of the 
 blood into a cavity, or into the loose connective tissue which 
 envelops the body and lies just beneath the skin. In the latter 
 case it is called Anasarca. Occurring in the abdominal cavity, it 
 is called Ascites; in the chest cavity, Hydrothorax; in the brain, 
 Hydrocephalus ; in the sac which surrounds the heart, Hydro- 
 Pericardium. The two latter seldom occur. Hydrocephalus, or 
 Water on the Brain, is a disease of infancy. Swelling is the 
 universal evidence of dropsy. Dropsy always depends upon 
 obstruction of the return circulation. The obstruction may be 
 due to tumors, inflammation acute or chronic, or may be due to 
 a weak heart. When due to tumor or inflammation, it is 
 localized, that is, the return circulation being blocked, the blood 
 is forced back, oozes out through the veins, and is found in the 
 nearest cavity or tissue. Dropsy may result from Bright' s dis- 
 ease. In health the kidneys contain a large amount of blood. 
 During inflammation the blood cannot circulate through them, 
 but is forced back toward the heart. At first the force of the 
 heart beat is increased to overcome the extra demands made upon 
 it, but later the heart may become diseased and weakened, when 
 the return circulation will be correspondingly slow. Oedema is a 
 term often applied to swelling or localized dropsy occurring just 
 beneath the skin. Inflammatory swellings are sometimes spoken 
 of as oedematous. 
 
 Dropsy may also affect other smaller cavities of the body, 
 deriving its name therefrom, as Dropsy of the Testicle , called 
 Hydrocele. 
 
104 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. If due to tumor, remove the growth; if due to inflamma- 
 tion, weak heart or Bright' s disease, see treatment under those 
 heads. In all cases relieve as far as possible by keeping the 
 bowels active. Water may be drawn from the abdomen, chest or 
 any other cavity by inserting a trocar. This is a hollow needle 
 and the water drains through it. It will be understood, of 
 course, that this simply relieves the patient but does not cure. 
 The only cure is removal of the cause, and this may be difficult 
 or impossible. 
 
 B. One of the best remedies for any form of dropsy is Dwarf 
 Elder (see chapter on herbs for description and directions). Of 
 course, when dropsical symptoms appear, consult a doctor as to 
 their nature and cause. 
 
 In the chapter on Herb Remedies will be found many herbs 
 that produce a free discharge of urine, and thus help to relieve, 
 and in many cases have cured dropsy in some of its forms. 
 
 C. Jalap , yi ounce 
 
 Cream of Tartar i " 
 
 Blaterium, powdered 4 grains. 
 
 Capsicum 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix y and divide into 20 powders. 
 
 Dose. — Take one powder in a little syrup or 
 molasses, morning, noon and night, and if this 
 does not cause as free a cathartic action as the 
 patient can well bear, take another at late bed- 
 time, until a free and full cathartic action has 
 been brought about, which may be repeated 
 every three or four days, as needed. 
 
 D. Is only a symptom of some diseased condition, which, if 
 it be possible to remove, the dropsy will disappear. — (14). 
 
 E. Purgative doses of Salts and a purely milk diet. No 
 liquor or stimulant drinks. — (7). 
 
 F. Hydrocele. — Draw off the water and inject into the 
 sac Tincture of Iodine, diluted one-half with water. — (10). 
 
 G. Hydrocele. — Rest in bed, with support of the parts, and 
 cathartic doses of Epsom Salts. — (7). 
 
 H. Hydrocephalus. — For a child a year old, one grain 
 Iodide Potassium in a tablespoonful of water, three times a day, 
 between meals. — (14). 
 
 DYSENTERY.— (See under Diarrhea). 
 
 DYSMENORRHEA.— (See under Diseases of Women). 
 DYSPEPSIA. (See under Stomach Diseases) . 
 
 DYSURIA. — (See under Bladder Diseases). 
 

 'Awi 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 I, Jugular Vein. 2, Artery supplying Face and Scalp. 3, Artery. 4, Vein. 
 5, Salivary Duct. 6, Large Artery of Neck. 7, Nerves. 
 
THE EAR AND ITS DISEASES. 
 
 The ear consists of three parts — the external, middle and 
 internal. 
 
 The External Ear. — The external ear is formed of cartilage 
 and bone and is covered with skin; the expanded portion is formed 
 of cartilage without bone and is popularly recognized as ' 'the ear.' ' 
 The border of the external ear gradually verges or approaches 
 towards the opening which leads to the middle ear. This opening, 
 called the external auditory canal, is about i x A inches in length. 
 The first half inch is formed of cartilage; the remaining portion 
 is situated in bone, and all is covered or lined with skin which 
 becomes more modified as it extends inward. It is supplied with 
 numerous glands which secrete or furnish an adhesive yellow and 
 bitter substance, the purpose of which is supposed to be the 
 entanglement of insects, dust and other foreign bodies. The 
 direction of the external canal is inward, forward and a little 
 downward. It is narrower in the center than at either end, which 
 makes it diflicult to remove foreign bodies that may become lodged 
 in it. It is separated from the middle ear by a membrane called 
 the tympanic membrane. This membrane is composed of three 
 layers : The outer layer is skin, the middle layer is connective 
 tissue and forms the framework, and the internal layer is mucous 
 membrane. 
 
 The Middle Ear. — The middle portion of the ear is hollow 
 and is called the tympanum, meaning a drum. As stated, it is 
 separated from the external ear by the tympanic membrane; it is 
 separated from the internal ear by a bony partition. This par- 
 tition is covered with mucous membrane and contains two open- 
 ings, one round and the other oval, and these openings are lined 
 with a delicate membrane. Extending across the middle ear is a 
 chain of three very small bones held together by a delicate struc- 
 ture of cartilage. The inner end of this chain fits into one of the 
 openings in the bony partition, and the cartilage blends with that 
 lining the opening. The mucous membrane which covers the 
 partition is reflected over and covers the entire chain, and blends 
 at the outer end of the chain with the tympanic membrane. By 
 means of the mucous membrane and the cartilage which sup- 
 ports it, the chain is allowed to vibrate back and forth, thus when 
 wave sounds are received any jarring of the delicate structures of 
 the internal ear is prevented. 
 
 105 
 
106 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Reading from the middle ear to the throat is a small tube or 
 canal called the Eustachian tube after its discoverer. This tube is 
 formed of connective tissue and cartilage, and is lined with 
 mucous membrane which is continuous with the mucous mem- 
 brane of the throat. 
 
 The Internal Ear. — This portion of the ear is sometimes 
 called the labyrinth, meaning a winding passage. It is divided 
 into three parts: first, the vestibule, or common opening, situated 
 next to the middle ear; second, three small canals, each forming 
 a half circle with both ends opening into the vestibule; third, the 
 cochlea — so-called from its resemblance to a snail shell — which 
 also opens into the vestibule. The cochlea is about r /i of an inch 
 in length and consists of a central column of bone. This column 
 tapers from base to top and is surrounded by a spiral canal which 
 makes 2^ turns. The canal, which is divided lengthwise into 
 two parts by a thin layer of bone and delicate membrane, is about 
 1% inches in length. Its termination resembles the half of an 
 inverted funnel cut in two lengthwise. The two parts commu- 
 nicate at the top. The lower end of one opens into the vestibule, 
 and the lower end of the other extends to the round window in 
 the bony partition between the internal and middle ear, but is 
 prevented from opening into the middle ear by reason of the 
 mucous membrane which covers the window. The vestibule, the 
 three half circular canals and the spiral canals of the cochlea, are 
 lined with mucous membrane. 
 
 Each of the spiral canals contains a closed membrane in the 
 form of a tube. This tube about one-third fills the space. Sur- 
 rounding it and filling the balance of the space in the canals is a 
 fluid called perilymph. The same kind of fluid fills the tube, and 
 is here called endolymph. Covering the outer surface of the wall 
 of the cochlea or snail shell is a delicate membrane which follows 
 the whole length of the spiral canal. It is composed of cells 
 whose arrangement somewhat resembles the key-board of a piano. 
 These cells are supplied with delicate hair-like processes. The 
 base of the cochlea is about 1 inch in breadth and contains numer- 
 ous openings for the passage of the branches of the auditory 
 nerve, or nerve of hearing. Upon entering, one-half of this nerve 
 goes to supply the vestibule and half -circular canals, and the 
 other half ascends the spiral canal in the cochlea and divides into 
 delicate filaments or fibers which join the hair-like processes of 
 the cells. The different sound waves traveling along the external 
 canal are transmitted across the middle ear by the chain of bones, 
 communicate with the internal ear and are received by the cells 
 forming the key-board. This produces the different tones, and 
 the various impressions are conveyed to the brain. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 107 
 
 EARACHE. — Earache is a trouble usually met with in 
 children. It may follow taking cold, and is one of the symptoms 
 in congestion, inflammation, or suppuration of the middle ear. 
 As usually met with, earache is not a serious condition. How- 
 ever, it should be remembered that the ear is a very sensitive 
 organ, and it requires but very slight pressure to cause pain. As 
 stated in the foregoing, the middle ear is lined with mucous mem- 
 brane which is continuous from the throat, passing along the 
 Eustachian tube, therefore inflammation of the throat may and 
 often does extend to the middle ear and cause earache. Inflam- 
 mation or abscess in one of the cavities of the mastoid process 
 (see Abscess of the Mastoid Process) may cause earache. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Earache as ordinarily met should be treated with hot 
 applications; hot cloths should be applied to the side of the head, 
 or better, cloths wrung out of hot water, or apply hot poultices, 
 because moist heat can be applied at a higher temperature than 
 dry heat. 
 
 Give internally 5 grains of Bromide of Potash and -^ of a 
 grain of Atropine every one or two hours. This dose is suitable 
 for a child five years of age. Children are usually restless and 
 worry a great deal with this trouble, therefore T V of a grain of 
 Codeine should be added to the Atropine and Bromide. In the 
 proper dose these remedies are perfectly harmless for small chil- 
 dren and even babies. If the child is quiet, omit the Codeine; if 
 the face flushes or the pupil of the eye dilates, stop the Atropine. 
 
 If there is evidence of pus, the abscess should be opened at 
 once and thoroughly washed out. It will require washing two 
 or three times a day with water containing a few drops of Carbolic 
 Acid, or some other antiseptic. While opening an abscess in 
 the middle ear is a very simple procedure, it requires the services 
 of a physician, and he would instruct regarding the antiseptics 
 and the after treatment. 
 
 B. Eaudanum poured into the ear. A drop is sufficient. — (7). 
 
 C. Equal parts of Tincture of Opium and Tincture of Bella- 
 donna. Drop 5 drops warm into the ear every hour or two if 
 necessary. For infant, 2 drops will be sufficient. — (45). 
 
 D. Eaudanum and Sweet Oil, equal parts, warm, dropped 
 into the ear. Hen's Oil or Glycerine will do equally as well in 
 place of the Sweet Oil. Apply hot salt bag, or bag of hops very 
 hot.— (9). 
 
 E. Hydrochlorate of Pilocarpine ^ grain. To be given by 
 the mouth. Repeat every hour until there is an increased flow 
 of saliva. This is evidence that the child is under the effects. 
 
 -(2). 
 
108 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Note. — Pilocarpine is preferable to Laudanum, or Opium in any form, in 
 treating children, because it does not produce convulsions, and sometimes 
 Opium, even in small doses, does produce this trouble. It should be remem- 
 bered that Opium is not a suitable remedy for small children. 
 
 F. Mix equal parts of Glycerine and L,audanum, warm, drop 
 3 or 4 drops into the ear and apply local heat. 
 
 If child is very restless and there is much pain, give 5 drops 
 of Paregoric, or \ of a grain of Codeine. 
 
 CATARRH OF THE EAR.— In health the middle ear 
 is filled with air, which is received through the Eustachian tube. 
 Respiration creates a constant change of this air. During an 
 attack of catarrh the mucous membrane lining the Eustachian 
 tube may become so swollen as to completely close the opening. 
 Should this occur, the air in the middle ear is sometimes absorbed, 
 producing the condition known 2s Dry Catarrh of the middle ear. 
 Or, when the tube is closed and swollen, the membrane lining 
 the middle ear may continue to pour out a catarrhal exudate 
 which is sometimes converted into pus. This would constitute 
 an abscess. This may be absorbed or may break through the 
 external membrane and discharge through the external canal. 
 This is the condition present when people tell you that "the ear 
 runs." See treatment "A" under Earache. 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE MASTOID PROCESS.— Situ- 
 ated just behind the middle ear is a prominent bone, called the 
 mastoid process \ This is filled with large spaces which open into 
 and communicate with the middle ear, Eustachian tube and 
 throat. Sometimes the catarrhal conditions extend from the 
 middle ear into one or more of the large cavities of this bone and 
 form an abscess. This would call for the assistance of a surgeon, 
 who may find it necessary to make an incision behind the ear, 
 drill through the bone and allow the pus to escape. The danger 
 of an abscess at this point is that the internal bony partition 
 might be destroyed and the inflammation and suppuration pene- 
 trate to the brain. 
 
 ECZEMA. — (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 ENDOCARDITIS.— (See under Heart, Diseases of). 
 
 ENTERIC FEVER. — Enteric Fever means fever caused 
 by diseases of the digestive tract. The term may be applied to 
 any of the inflammatory processes where fever is present. Typhoid 
 Fever is sometimes spoken of as Enteric Fever. 
 
 EPILEPSY. — Epilepsy, often called Falli?ig Sickness, is a 
 disease of the nervous system, characterized by attacks of uncon- 
 sciousness with or without convulsions, usually with. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 109 
 
 Cause. — A large per cent of the cases begin in childhood, and 
 many are of hereditary origin. Chronic alcoholism in the parent 
 is believed to be an important factor in producing this disease. 
 
 Disorders of digestion, depression of spirits, loss of vigor, 
 a feeling of languor, an unhealthy system and cloudy brain, are 
 common in epileptics, thus giving evidence of a lack of nourish- 
 ment. Occurring in children and infants, this lack of nourishment 
 may be the result of indigestion from improper feeding; or it may 
 be the result of hereditary taint — the vitality of the child may 
 never have been quite up to the normal. In the latter case diges- 
 tion and assimilation would be lowered, and the nervous system 
 would be still less able to withstand a faulty diet and the irritat- 
 ing effects of retained waste. I^ack of nutrition robs the blood 
 of its natural elements. The higher forms of digestion are carried 
 on in the circulation, and when the blood is improperly nourished, 
 poisons in the form of uric acid, lactic acid, etc., remain in the 
 system and produce irritation. 
 
 Especially does this affect the brain as one-fifth of all the 
 blood in the body goes to nourish that organ. Receiving five 
 times as much blood as any other organ of its size, it must follow 
 that any habit or indulgence which impairs digestion and causes 
 unhealthy blood must produce a morbid influence upon the brain 
 and nervous system, hence the enormous production of nervous 
 debility, monomania, hypochondria, insanity, idiocy, and many 
 minor ailments, such as rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, mental 
 stupor, lack of resolution, etc. Indigestion and retained waste 
 irritate the nervous system and produce the different mental, 
 nervous and emotional states known as hysteria, nervousness, 
 melancholia, and other depressions and hallucinations. This is 
 the foundation upon which epilepsy stands. Dynamite may be 
 struck once or a thousand times if the blows are light enough, 
 but sooner or later it will explode: The irritation produced by 
 dyspepsia may be stored up for a time, but sooner or later it too will 
 explode. It will accumulate in the central nervous system, the 
 brain and spinal cord until they are surcharged, and at the first 
 opportunity it will break forth and its power for a time be irre- 
 sistible, as in an epileptic fit. 
 
 Symptoms. — As a rule epileptic fits come on without warning 
 symptoms. In some cases, however, they are preceded, perhaps 
 for a day or two, with a feeling of fullness in the head, giddiness, 
 and specks floating before the eyes; in other cases the attack is 
 preceded by a voracious appetite. There may be no immediate 
 warning, or there may be a sharp cry or an unusual, animal-like 
 sound. The patient falls unconscious and sometimes writhes 
 in convulsions. In some cases the patient is conscious of a ting- 
 ling sensation, or a feeling like a cold draught, which seems to 
 
I io FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Start in the fingers or toes and works its way rapidly upward, 
 unconsciousness coming on as it reaches the throat or head. The 
 countenance is livid, swollen and distorted; the tongue is often 
 thrust from the mouth, and not infrequently lacerated with the 
 teeth; respiration is impeded; foam issues from the mouth; the 
 eyelids are partly open, the ej^eballs starting out, and the pupil 
 is fixed and insensible to the stimulus of light. 
 
 These symptoms, which indicate a severe attack, remit pres- 
 ently, but may be followed with another and perhaps severer fit, 
 or with a succession of fits; or the convulsions and other symp- 
 toms may gradually diminish after the first fit, leaving the patient 
 in a state of stupor from which he sinks into a deep sleep, awaken- 
 ing as from ordinary slumber and without consciousness of what 
 has occurred. 
 
 There is little probability of a cure if the disease has run for 
 a number of years, or if the patient has been afflicted since birth; 
 but the attempt should be made in all cases. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Take a solution of the following: 
 
 Bromide of Potash 2 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Ammonia 2 " 
 
 Dissolve in a tablespoonful of water and 
 repeat three times a day. Or, take an ounce of 
 each of the above, put into a dish that will 
 hold a quart, pour in warm water and dissolve, 
 and give a tablespoonful three times a day, 
 which will be about two grains of each to the 
 dose. 
 
 B. The bromides and other sedatives may be valuable in many 
 cases of epilepsy, and undoubtedly exert a temporary benefit upon 
 all cases, yet it is doubtful if their continued use is helpful. They 
 cover over, but do not remove the cause; their use produces a 
 temporary effect only. Taken habitually, they slowly, but surely, 
 weaken the nervous system, lower vitality, and aid in reducing 
 physical strength. 
 
 Those who have studied the question of epilepsy believe 
 that with attention to diet and elimination a cure may be effected. 
 We all know that drug medication is disappointing and that 
 operations are useless. All forms have been tried. If injury 
 should drive a sliver or bone into the skull, or cause other brain 
 pressure, an operation might relieve and effect a cure; but epilepsy 
 is seldom caused by injury. 
 
 ERUCTATIONS. — Eructations are the result of gases 
 formed in the stomach and indicate that there is undigested food 
 present, which means dyspepsia. The gas, not being able 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 1 1 
 
 to escapa along the digestive tract, is expelled by the mouth. 
 Those troubled with eructations should pay close attention to 
 diet and, if needed, some artificial digestant may be taken for a 
 short time. Regarding diet, if the eructations are sour, avoid 
 starchy foods as they produce acids; if there is a greasy taste in 
 the mouth, avoid fats; if there is an odor indicating any article of 
 food eaten or drank, such articles should be avoided. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 For the indigestion we recommend the following : 
 
 Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid...... 15 drops. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Elixir 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful after each 
 meal. 
 
 ERYSIPELAS. — Erysipelas is an acute inflammatory 
 disease, usually confined to the skin, but may affect the deeper 
 tissues. When extending to the deeper structures, it is called 
 phlegmonous. 
 
 Cause. — Due to a specific ferment. See cause of Small-Pox. 
 The disease is not contagious. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease usually comes on with a chill, though 
 in many cases the chill is absent. There is moderate fever, full 
 pulse, and there may be headache. The affected part becomes 
 red and swollen. The swelling may be smooth, tense and glis- 
 tening, or may begin as bright red spots which join as the 
 swelling increases. The swelling is so great and the circulation 
 is interfered with to such an extent that it has a peculiar dark 
 hue. The face is quite a usual seat of the disease, and when 
 occurring there the swelling frequently closes the eyes. The 
 inflamed surface may be covered with a rash; vesicles of quite 
 large size may appear and become filled with a watery fluid; the 
 urine may contain albumen. The disease usually lasts about one 
 week. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — If it is a bad case, send for a doctor. In the 
 meantime, wring cloths out of sour buttermilk, or, what is still 
 better, make a cranberry poultice and bind on. To do this, 
 simply crush the cranberries and bind on with cloths. Paint 
 around the outside of the eruption with Tincture of Iodine. 
 
 A. Painting the surface with Tincture of Iodine is said to 
 check the spread of the disease in some cases. Some claim that 
 active cathartics followed by Pilocarpine in y& grain doses every 
 hour until there is free perspiration, is a specific treatment. The 
 
112 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Pilocarpine should be continued until the symptoms disappear, 
 the dose being lessened as the disease subsides. Pilocarpine should 
 only be given when the patient is strong and robust. 
 
 B. We believe the best treatment for Erysipelas is the follow- 
 ing: First wash the inflamed surface with soap and water, then 
 with Boric Acid and water — 25 grains of Boric Acid to the ounce 
 of water. Wipe dry and apply equal parts of Ichthyol and 
 Glycerine, and cover with a light bandage. Dress twice a day, 
 washing the surface clean each time before making the application 
 of Ichthyol. Internally, give 5 drops Fowler's Solution four 
 times a day. The advantage of using the Glycerine and Ichthyol 
 is that both are easily removed before making a new application. 
 Ichthyol and Vaseline, or other excipient, may be used if desired. 
 If there is sleeplessness, Sulfonal in from 5 to 10 grain doses, Phen- 
 acetine in from 5 to 10 grain doses, Chloral in from 10 to 20 grain 
 doses, or the Bromides in from 20 to 40 grain doses, may be 
 given. The Chloral or Bromides should be given in plenty of 
 water. If Glycerine or Sugar is added to the water, it will 
 improve the taste. In the strong a low diet is advised. Some- 
 times erysipelas attacks the weak and emaciated, those suffering 
 from chronic disease. In this case the eruptions are pale, tem- 
 perature low and vitality depressed. These cases need stimulants 
 and tonics. Give 20 to 30 drops of Tincture of Chloride of Iron 
 after meals. The diet should be nutritious. Ichthyol and 
 Fowler's Solution may be used in all cases. 
 
 C. Ichthyol Ointment 1 ounce. 
 
 Vaseline 1 " 
 
 Mix, and apply locally. 
 
 Give 10 drops Tincture of Iron internally 
 every two hours. Keep bowels open with 
 Salts.— (46). 
 
 D. Ichthyol 2% ounces. 
 
 Colodion, flexible 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix*, and apply every three or four hours. 
 Be sure to have application extend one inch 
 beyond the inflammation. 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 2 ounces. 
 
 Tincture Poison Oak (Rhus Tox- 
 icodendron) 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix, and take 35 drops in water every two 
 hours. Keep bowels regular, and give milk, 
 beef tea and eggs. — (53). 
 
 ERYSIPELAS, PHLEGMONOUS.— When erysipelas 
 attacks the deeper structures, the disease assumes altogether a 
 different form; the swelling is much greater and the discoloration 
 is of a deeper and darker hue. This is accompanied with high 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 "3 
 
 fever, rapid pulse, throbbing pain and prostration. There are 
 irregular chills, followed by sweating, the result of poisons 
 absorbed. The swelling maybe so great that the circulation may 
 be entirely shut off and gangrene result. By extension through 
 the loose connective tissue just beneath the skin this form of 
 erysipelas may include or cover a large surface, as a whole arm or 
 leg. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Keep the bowels and skin active and healthy. Give 10 
 grains Salol every three hours and the most nourishing diet. 
 Give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of Bovinine in a glass 
 of milk every four hours. Put two ounces of rice in one pint of 
 water, boil for three hours, adding sufficient water to maintain 
 the original pint, mix two eggs and a half pint of cream and 
 add to the boiled rice, then add all to one pint of hot beef tea, 
 (see Beef Tea under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts), and 
 feed to the patient every one, two or three hours, according to the 
 severity of the case. Should there be danger of suppuration or 
 gangrene, incise at once. Cut deep enough to allow free drain- 
 age. This will reduce the swelling and relieve the circulation. 
 It may be necessary to make frequent incisions. Wash the 
 wounds with Peroxide of Hydrogen, full strength, Carbolic Acid 
 water, or other antiseptics. Allow free drainage and dress with 
 gauze soaked in antiseptics. Give abundance of fresh air. 
 
 EXCORIATION.— (See under Children's Diseases). 
 
 THE EYE AND ITS DISEASES. 
 
 The eye rests in a bony cavity or socket and is embedded 
 in fat. The fat protects it from jarring, while the surrounding 
 wall of bone protects it from injury. 
 
 The eyeball consists of two parts, which may be compared to 
 a large and a small marble — the large one about one inch in 
 diameter and the small one about one-sixth as large. Sinking 
 the small marble about two- thirds of its diameter into the larger 
 would give a general outline of the eyeball. The small marble 
 would represent one-sixth, and is called the cornea. It is placed 
 in front. Its size compares to that portion of the eye that gives 
 color — black, blue or gray. The larger part would represent the 
 five-sixths and is placed in the orbital cavity. It is the portion 
 that we can see but partially. It constitutes the white of the eye 
 and meets the cornea at the border of the color line. 
 
 8 
 
1 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The muscles which move the eye are attached by their inner 
 ends to the apex or inner point of the orbital cavity, and the front 
 or outer ends are attached to the outer surface of the eyeball a 
 little back of the cornea and a little behind the circle where the 
 large and small marbles join. The muscles are placed above, 
 below, on either side and obliquely, so that the eye may roll in 
 all directions. 
 
 The eyeball is composed of three coats — the inner, middle 
 and outer. The inner coat of the eyeball is called the retina, 
 meaning a network. It is formed by the expanded fibers of the 
 optic nerve, or nerve of sight. This nerve has its origin in the 
 brain. It passes out of the skull through a little opening in the 
 apex or orbital cavity, and immediately its fibers divide and 
 radiate in all directions, forming a thin membrane. The fibers 
 are held in position by a delicate connective tissue framework. 
 These fibers terminate at the junction of the cornea with the 
 large part of the eye, as represented by the junction of the large 
 and small marble. The artery which supplies the eye rests 
 within the substance of the optic nerve at its point of entrance 
 into the orbital cavity, and, like the nerve, branches of this artery 
 expand in a radiating manner, forming a close network of vessels 
 which are held together by delicate fibers of connective tissue. 
 This constitutes the middle coat and is called the choroid, meaning a 
 membrane of vessels. On the inner surface of this membrane, 
 lying next to the expanded nerve fibers, is a layer of dark cells. 
 These cells absorb the light, which otherwise would be reflected 
 from side to side and cause confusion. This dark layer corresponds 
 to the black lining of the photographer's camera. The outer coat 
 or membrane is called the sclerotic, meaning hard. Covering the 
 brain and lying next to the inner surface of the skull is a firm 
 membrane of connective tissue, called the dura-mater. When the 
 optic nerve leaves the brain, a sheath of this dura-mater goes with 
 it, and when the optic nerve expands and forms the inner mem- 
 brane of the eyeball, the sheath of dura-mater also expands and 
 forms the outer membrane. The outer membrane or coat com- 
 pletely surrounds the eyeball in front and, being hard and fibrous, 
 aids in maintaining the eye in the form of a globe. It is white 
 and glistening and forms the white of the eye. In front it is 
 somewhat modified and forms the cornea. 
 
 At the junction of the cornea with the larger part of the eye- 
 ball, the choroid, or middle coat, somewhat modified, makes a 
 sharp bend inward and forms the iris, which is a thin curtain 
 stretched vertically across, near the front of the eye, at the junction 
 of the large and small marbles. Iris means many colors, hence the 
 term. The colors — blue, black, gray, etc. — are caused by the 
 various shades of coloring matter found in the layer of cells which 
 
- • mm 
 
 ■iMW'M 
 
 \ '. ■ - 
 
 No. J3. 
 
 i, Artery. 2, Vein. 3, Muscle. 4, Salivary Gland. 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 1 5 
 
 covers the back part of the iris. With the Albino race there is 
 little or no coloring in this layer of cells, hence the light color of 
 their eyes. The iris contains two sets of muscle fibers: One 
 set radiates from the center to the surface like the spokes in a 
 wagon wheel; the other set is circular. This gives it the power 
 to contract and dilate, thus changing the size of the pupil. The 
 pupil is simply an opening in the center of the iris for the admission 
 of rays of light. When light is very bright, the pupil contracts, 
 shutting out some of the rays; when light is dim, the pupil 
 dilates, allowing more light to enter. The lids also aid in con- 
 trolling the amount of light that enters the eye. 
 
 As stated, the choroid or middle coat makes a sharp bend 
 inward at the point indicated by the junction of the two marbles, 
 and being here supplied with circular and radiating fibers, forms 
 the iris. The iris is flat, the cornea is oval, hence between 
 the cornea and iris is a space, called the anterior chamber. Behind 
 the iris and close to the pupil is the lens. This is a transparent 
 double-convex body which aids in focusing the rays of light. 
 The lens is about one-third of an inch in diameter from side to 
 side, and one-quarter of an inch in diameter from before back- 
 wards. The lens is oval, the iris is flat, hence the iris recedes 
 from the lens towards its circumference, leaving a space. This 
 space is called the posterior chamber. The two chambers or spaces 
 communicate through the pupil, or opening in the iris. 
 
 Both the front and back chambers are filled with a liquid 
 called aqueous humor. This is composed of about five or six drops 
 of water, holding in solution a trace of alkaline salts. Within the 
 walls of the retina or inner membrane, and filling the whole of 
 the space behind the lens, is a jelly-like substance called vitreous 
 humor, so named because it resembles melted glass. The vitreous 
 humor aids in focusing the rays of light. Surrounding the vitreous 
 humor is a thin, transparent membrane called the hyaline mem- 
 brane, meaning transparent. In front it encloses the lens, form- 
 ing a capsule around it. This capsule is attached to the sur- 
 rounding structures and aids in holding the lens in position. 
 
 Iyight enters the eye through the cornea, aqueous humor, 
 pupil, lens and vitreous humor in the order named, and is focused 
 on the retina or inner membrane of nerve fibers, the impression 
 or picture made on the retina being conveyed by the optic nerve 
 to the brain. 
 
 The Lachrymal, or Tear, Apparatus. — The junction of 
 the upper and lower eyelids is called the canthi, meaning corners 
 of the eye. The inner canthus is somewhat prolonged inward, 
 forming a triangular space. This space contains what is called 
 the cat uncle, meaning a fleshy elevation. On the apex or highest 
 point of this elevation is a small opening. This is the com- 
 
1 1 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 mencement of the lachrymal, or tear, duct. This opening extends 
 inward towards the nose for a short distance and terminates in 
 what is called the lachrymal sac. This sac is the dilated upper 
 portion of the lachrymal duct. It is called the nasal duct because it 
 opens into the nose. From the inner canthus or inner angle of the 
 eye, this duct, which is about three-fourths of an inch in length, 
 passes inward, backward and downward and terminates in the 
 nasal cavity. Situated at the inner angle of the eye, and on the 
 margin of the lid, is a slight elevation called the lachrymal papilla. 
 The apex or highest point of this papilla is also pierced by a 
 small opening. The glands which furnish the tears are situated 
 just outside the orbital cavity and above the outer canthus or 
 junction of the eyelids. The under surface of the glands rest 
 upon the convexity of the eyeball. Each gland is supplied with 
 from ten to twelve ducts, which convey the tears over the surface 
 of the eye. The tears pass along these ducts, which converge to 
 the single opening in the papilla already described, and next 
 enter the canal which leads to the nose. That is why the latter 
 needs frequent wipings during the act of crying. If the tears 
 flow too fast, they do not all enter or pass through the nasal duct, 
 but overflow and run down the cheek. 
 
 Bach eyelid contains a thin piece of cartilage about one inch 
 in length. This aids in maintaining form. Between the cartil- 
 age and the mucous membrane which lines the lids are a number 
 of small glands, about forty in the upper lid and thirty in the 
 lower lid. They are embedded in grooves on the under surface of 
 the cartilage, and by means of straight tubes or ducts each gland 
 opens upon the margin of the lid. These glands secrete a seba- 
 ceous or oily substance which prevents the lids from adhering 
 together. Sometimes the opening of a gland becomes closed, 
 and, the gland continuing to secrete, quite a large tumor may 
 form. It is sometimes necessary to remove this with a knife. 
 
 DEFECTS OF VISION. 
 
 Hyperopia — Far-Sightedness. — Rays of light should 
 focus exactly on the retina, that is, meet at the same point on 
 the inner membrane that is formed by the expanded fibers of the 
 optic nerve. This is called perfect vision or stigmatism. But 
 the eye is subject to deformities the same as other parts of the 
 body. Sometimes the globe of the eye (eyeball) is too short, so 
 that the rays of light from an object held at an ordinary distance 
 do not focus on the retina, and this results in confusion; if the 
 rays could continue backward, they would meet behind the 
 retina. This is called hyperopia, ox far-sightedness, because it is 
 necessary that the rays of light should come from an object 
 held at some distance. These enter the eye more on a straight 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. Ii; 
 
 line and do not need so much power to concentrate, hence may 
 focus on the retina or inner membrane. Hyperopia is congenital, 
 that is, exists from birth. Convex glasses correct this trouble 
 because they aid in bringing the rays of light together at the 
 proper point. 
 
 Myopia — Near-Sightedness. — Sometimes the globe of the 
 eye is too long, and the rays of light focus in front of the retina. 
 This is called myopia , or near-sightedness, because it is necessary 
 that the object should be held near the eyes. This causes the 
 rays of light first to diverge, or enter the eye more at an angle, 
 and this brings their point of meeting farther back. The cause of 
 myopia is not known. Concave glasses will correct this trouble 
 because they aid in diverging the rays and bring their point of 
 meeting farther back where they may reach the retina. 
 
 Presbyopia — Far-Sightedness of Old Age. — In middle 
 life and old age the lens becomes slightly opaque — less transpar- 
 ent — the density is increased, elasticity is diminished and the 
 power of accommodation is correspondingly lessened. This is 
 called presbyopia, or farsightedness of old age. This trouble may 
 be corrected by artificial lenses of sufficient strength to serve as 
 an equivalent or substitute for the loss of the natural lens. 
 
 Color Blindness is due to lack of development or paralysis 
 of some of the fibers of the optic nerve. The defect may include 
 one or both eyes. 
 
 Strabismus means cross-eyed. When the eyes turn in, it is 
 called convergent; when they turn out, divergent. One or both 
 eyes may be affected. The cause is unequal strength of the 
 muscles controlling the eyes, the stronger overcoming the weaker. 
 By over- exertion the weak muscles may be able to hold the eye 
 in position, yet this constant strain causes headache. This con- 
 dition is frequently met with in school children and may be 
 wholly corrected by glasses. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 A. Defects of vision which are not produced by disease of 
 the eye are remedied by having the eyes fitted with suitable glasses. 
 A competent oculist should be consulted. For those who are 
 unable to pay there are free clinics connected with all medical 
 colleges. — (48). 
 
 DISEASES OF THE EYE. 
 
 OPHTHALMIA.— This is a term somewhat loosely applied 
 to any and all forms of inflammation of the eye, but more espec- 
 ially to those forms which attack the mucous membrane lining 
 the lids. 
 
1 1 8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Bathe the eye with warm water containing 10 or 15 grains 
 of Boracic Acid to an ounce, protect the eyes from light, if very 
 painful remain indoors for a few days, and drop the following 
 mixture in the eye four or five times a day: 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain. 
 
 Morphine 2 '• 
 
 Camphor Water 2 drachms. 
 
 Boracic Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 1 ounce. 
 
 -(81). 
 
 B. Put one teaspoonful of clean, whole Flax seed into 1 ounce 
 of water. Stir frequently and allow to stand until a mucilage is 
 formed. To relieve painful inflammation, drop 2 or 3 drops into 
 the eye every twenty to thirty minutes. The pain is relieved by 
 the mechanical protection afforded the inflamed surfaces. 
 
 C. Boracic Acid powder, 1 ounce. Dissolve % teaspoonful 
 of the powder in a glass of hot water, allow it to cool and bathe 
 the eye several times a day by dipping absorbent cotton into the 
 solution and squeezing solution from it into the eye. — (48). 
 
 D. Blue Vitriol 1 grain. 
 
 White Vitriol 
 
 Fine Table Salt 
 
 Loaf Sugar 
 
 Morphine 
 
 Soft or Distilled Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and when all is dissolved, strain 
 through fine muslin. Apply three to five times 
 daily, according to the severity of the case. 
 
 E. Common table salt, 2 to 5 grains to an ounce of water. 
 This makes a good wash for weak and inflamed eyes. 
 
 F. Sulphate of Zinc % grain. 
 
 Muriate Cocaine J4 " 
 
 Sulphate Morphine y& " 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. Drop in the eye every two hours more 
 or less often according to pain. — (47). 
 
 G. Boracic Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Muriate Cocaine 4 " 
 
 Rosewater 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. Drop in the eyes every two hours. — (34). 
 
 H. Pith of Sassafras 1 drachm. 
 
 Soft Water 1 ounce. 
 
 This is a soothing preparation to inflamed 
 eyes. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 119 
 
 I. Hops and Poppy heads thoroughly mashed and boiled in 
 water make a good poultice in inflammation, and the water in 
 which they have been boiled is also useful as a wash for the eyes. 
 
 J. White Vitriol 5 grains. 
 
 Table Salt 5 " 
 
 Morphine 2 " 
 
 Lard, unsalted 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and apply by rubbing a little between 
 and upon the lids. Freshly churned and un- 
 salted butter may be used in place of the lard. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LIDS.— CONJUNCTIV- 
 ITIS. — The mucous membrane which lines the eyelids is reflected 
 over the front of the eyeball as far as the cornea. This mem- 
 brane is called the conjunctiva. Inflammation of the conjunctiva 
 is called Conjunctivitis. If there is much watery discharge, it is 
 called Catarrhal Co?ijunctivitis . Sometimes the discharge becomes 
 thick and contains a little pus; this is called Muco- Purulent 
 Conjunctivitis. If the inflammation is the result of gonorrheal 
 infection, it is called Pwulent Conjunctivitis. If the inflammation 
 is the result of injury, or of a foreign body, it is called traumatic, 
 meaning the result of injury. (See under Accidents and 
 Emergencies). Sometimes there is a formation of small hard 
 elevations which cause friction and give the sensation of a foreign 
 body in the eye, the eye becoming bloodshot as the result of the 
 irritation; this is called Granular Conjunctivitis, Trauchoma or 
 Granulated Lids. Sometimes during an attack of diphtheria 
 when the disease affects the nasal cavities, it also extends to the 
 mucous membrane lining the eyelids and a false membrane 
 appears on the lids the same as in the nose and throat. This is 
 called Diphtheritic Co?ijunctivitis . Diphtheria may make its first 
 appearance in the eyes. 
 
 It will be noticed that each of the foregoing forms of inflam- 
 mation is confined to the mucous membrane lining the lids and 
 does not affect the eye proper. Some of these inflammations, if 
 allowed to continue, may by extension invade the eyeball and 
 become more serious, affecting and even destroying the sight. 
 This is particularly true of purulent conjunctivitis. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Simple. — The most common disease of the 
 eye is inflammation of the conjunctiva. Usually it is of a mild 
 nature and soon recovered from. 
 
 Catarrhal Conjunctivitis and Muco-Purulent Conjunc- 
 tivitis are only different manifestations of Simple Conjunctivitis. 
 The same treatment is applicable to all. 
 
 Causes. — Such inflammation may result from the same condi- 
 tions which cause rheumatism, i. e., acids and other irritating 
 substances in the blood. It may result from injury or from 
 
120 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 foreign bodies in the eye, or from the infection of diphtheria or 
 gonorrhea. It precedes an attack of measles. It more frequently 
 results from atmospheric changes that produce influenza, colds 
 and catarrh of the nasal passages. 
 
 Symptoms. — Usually, the symptoms are not marked. The 
 mucous membrane may be slightly swollen and thickened; the 
 eyes look red, there is a slight catarrhal condition, and the indi- 
 vidual may not be able to bear strong light. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See washes and applications under Ophthalmia. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Granular — Granulated Lids. — This is 
 inflammation of the conjunctiva in which the membrane becomes 
 studded with small elevations, some of which later join together 
 and become larger and more resistant. The roughened lids 
 produce irritation, the cornea becomes vascular, that is, blood 
 vessels form in that portion of the mucous membrane covering 
 the eyeball, the eye becomes bloodshot, and the cornea loses its 
 luster and becomes more or less opaque, or non-transparent. 
 The disease tends to run a chronic course. 
 
 Symptoms. — If the disease comes on in acute form, there is 
 first redness and swelling with profuse discharge of thick secre- 
 tions. At first the swelling may completely hide the granula- 
 tions, but later it diminishes and the elevations are visible. 
 Usually the disease comes on more mildly and may be 
 unnoticed until the granulations are quite large. In either case 
 the granulations produce a sensation of a foreign body in the eye, 
 due to irritation. There is fear of light, as in other diseases of 
 the eye. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If the eye is very sensitive, dissolve 2 grains of Cocaine 
 in J^ ounce of water and drop into the eye every three to five 
 minutes until the pain ceases, then take the margin of the lid 
 between the thumb and finger, carefully lift it up and apply a 
 pointed crystal of Sulphate of Copper — Blue Vitriol. Pass the 
 crystal quickly and gently over the granulated surface and imme- 
 diately wash out with Boric Acid solution — 20 grains of Boric 
 Acid to 1 ounce of water. Apply this treatment twice a week, 
 and apply a crystal of Alum in the same manner every second 
 day. If this does not destroy the granulations, apply the Sulphate 
 of Copper crystal every other day for a few days. A convenient 
 piece of either the Sulphate of Copper or Alum may be obtained 
 at any drug store. With a sharp knife shave one end down to a 
 point, and finish by dipping into water and rubbing the surface 
 until perfectly smooth. These crystals can be obtained properly 
 shaped for this purpose and fitted with handles. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 121 
 
 Granulated lids may also be successfully treated with elec- 
 tricity. 
 
 Any form of treatment will be more successful if the eyes 
 are protected from light. When out of doors, colored glasses 
 should be worn. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Purulent. — This inflammation is much 
 more dangerous, and is also contagious. It usually affects the 
 new-born, though adults sometimes have it. It is met with most 
 frequently in cities. The disease commences from thirty-six to 
 forty-eight hours after infection, runs a long and tedious course, 
 and may affect the cornea (eyeball) and destroy the sight. 
 
 Cause. — This disease is caused by a specific poison. It is 
 the result of gonorrheal infection, and in the new-born is con- 
 tracted during birth. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease may not be noticed sometimes for 
 two or three days atter birth, when the lids will appear red, 
 somewhat swollen and glued together. Examination shows a 
 thick, purulent secretion, which escapes when the lids are raised. 
 There may be but little pain at first, but later the lids become 
 more swollen and the discharge thinner and more abundant. 
 There is loss of appetite, restlessness from increased pain, the 
 cornea or eyeball may become ulcerated, and perforation may fol- 
 low. In this case the lens escapes, and when the inflammation 
 subsides the eyeball shrinks and the child is blind. If the eye- 
 ball remains sound, the eye gradually returns to the normal and 
 sight is restored. 
 
 Treatment: — 
 
 Cleanse the eyes thoroughly with a saturated solution of 
 Boric Acid and water — 25 grains of the acid to an ounce of water. 
 If discovered early, keep cold compresses on the eyes, being care- 
 ful not to press the lids against the eyeball. Keep the eyes as 
 free from the discharge as possible with bits of absorbent cotton 
 wet in the Boric Acid solution. If the disease does not respond 
 to treatment, turn the lids outward, hold them firmly, and brush 
 them with a 4 per cent, solution of Nitrate of Silver — 20 grains to 
 the ounce — once a day, and wash off at once with warm Boric 
 Acid solution, or warm solution of salt and water followed with 
 the Boric Acid solution. When using the Silver solution, be 
 careful to apply to the lids only and do not touch the eyeball, and 
 wash off at once. Should the eyeball become involved, add 3 
 grains of Atropine to one ounce of water and drop in the eye 
 three or four times a day, or often enough to keep the pupil well 
 dilated. 
 
122 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Note- — In using Atropine, allow excess of the solution to drain from 
 the outer angle of the eye so as to avoid its passage through the tear duct 
 into the nose and throat. 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Diphtheritic. — This is diphtheria of the 
 eyes. The tissue affected is the mucous membrane lining the 
 lids. A false membrane forms and constitutional symptoms are 
 present, the same as in diphtheria of the throat. The disease may 
 be the result of diphtheria in the nasal cavities, having traveled 
 through the tear ducts, or it may make its first appearance in the 
 eyes. 
 
 Cause. — The same as that which causes diphtheria in the 
 throat. 
 
 Symptoms. — The mucous membrane of the lids becomes 
 swollen and painful. At first there is an increase in the secre- 
 tions, or tears, and within twenty-four to thirty-six hours the 
 false membrane makes its appearance. This membrane is the 
 same as that which appears in the throat. The color is the same 
 — dark and leathery — with a well defined border, that is, the 
 junction of the false membrane and mucous membrane is distinct. 
 As the disease progresses the lids become greatly swollen, and 
 may become purplish in color by reason of interference with the 
 circulation. The skin is tense and glistening. The pressure of 
 the swollen lids upon the cornea may cause the latter to lose its 
 luster and become hazy in appearance. Constitutional symptoms 
 are also present. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If seen early, keep cold packs over the eyes. Dissolve 20 
 grains of Boric Acid in 1 ounce of water. Keep small pieces of 
 cloth or cotton saturated with this constantly applied. If the lids 
 are already greatly swollen, the application should be hot instead 
 of cold. The solution should also be dropped into the eyes several 
 times a day. The constitutional treatment is the same as that 
 given under Diphtheria. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE MARGIN OF THE 
 LIDS— BLEPHARITIS.— Blepharitis is an inflammation of 
 the border or margin of the eyelid. The disease is due to block- 
 ing up of the hair follicles and the small glands connected with 
 them. The inflammation may also extend to the lids. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of blepharitis are irritation and 
 redness along the margin of the lids, and usually the formation 
 of scales or crusts. The natural secretions produced by the hair 
 follicles and associate glands are increased by the irritation. 
 These dry on the margin of the lids and produce the scales 
 mentioned. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 23 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cleanse the lids thoroughly, washing with hot water and 
 Castile soap. If the surface is inflamed, mix Yellow Oxide of 
 Mercury, 3 grains, with 2 drachms of Vaseline, and apply twice 
 a day. Maintain thorough cleanliness and the disease will soon 
 disappear. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE IRIS — IRITIS.— There 
 
 are several causes for Iritis. It may be caused by syphilis, may 
 result from injury, or it may be caused by the same conditions 
 which produce rheumatism, that is, acids and other irritating 
 substances in the blood. It is well to remember that inflamma- 
 tion always depends upon an irritant in some form. This is true 
 of inflammation everywhere. Suppurative iritis is so called when 
 the products of inflammation turn to pus. This form is most apt 
 to occur in those who are poorly nourished. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain, which is usually severe. The iris looks 
 cloudy. The fluid in front of the iris is changed as a result of its 
 contamination with inflammatory products, and this interferes 
 with sight. It will be remembered that the iris is stretched 
 across just in front of the lens; during inflammation it may 
 grow fast to the lens. This would cause unequal dilatation and 
 interfere with light entering the eye. The mucous membrane 
 that is reflected over the front of the eyeball may become con- 
 gested and more or less inflamed, and surrounding the cornea 
 may be seen dark red lines, the result of distended vessels. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 One danger in iritis is that the iris may grow fast to the lens, 
 in which case, even if no other damage results, there will remain 
 unequal dilatation of the pupil and permanent interference of sight. 
 To prevent this, dissolve 4 grains of Atropine in an ounce of 
 water and drop a little in the eye every thirty minutes until the 
 pupil dilates. After that perhaps three times a day will be 
 sufficient. (See note under Puiulent Conjunctivitis for use of 
 Atropine.) When the pupil is widely dilated, its inner border 
 surrounds the lens and there is no danger of contact or adhesion. 
 The bowels should be kept active, and in those usually healthy a 
 low diet should be maintained. Also take 1 teaspoonful of Syrup 
 of Hydriodic Acid three times a day, between meals. The patient 
 should be kept in a dark room, as bright light irritates the iris 
 and increases the trouble. After improvement the patient should 
 wear colored glasses for a time to prevent, if possible, a return of 
 the trouble. It is also good practice to give 2 -drop doses of 
 Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every hour for 
 a day or two. This has a tendency to equalize the circulation 
 
124 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 and relieve the congested vessels about the eye. Sometimes pain 
 is relieved by keeping hot applications on the eyes. This may 
 consist of small pieces of cotton wet in hot Boric Acid water, 10 
 or 20 grains of the acid to the ounce, changed every five or ten 
 minutes. Any case of iritis that does not respond readily to 
 treatment should receive the most skilled attention, for if not 
 relieved, serious consequences may follow. 
 
 CATARACT. — A cataract is an opacity or non- trans- 
 parency of the lens of the eye. It frequently occurs as the 
 result of old age, but sometimes occurs in the young, and is also 
 sometimes present even in infants. 
 
 Cause. — When not resulting from injury, inflammation or 
 suppuration, cataract results from a lack of nourishment. Usually 
 the cataract includes the whole lens. This is generally true in 
 the form met with in old age. Sometimes, however, and more 
 especially in the young, the opacity is confined to the central 
 part of the lens and the outer surface remains normal. This is 
 called nuclear cataract. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first symptom of cataract is a gradual dim- 
 ness of vision. The patient can see better on a dark day or in 
 the twilight. The reason is that the pupil dilates and admits 
 more light. There is no pain or evidence of trouble in any way 
 except the interference with sight. When the patient tries to 
 read, it is found necessary to hold the book very close to the 
 eyes. This causes the rays of light to radiate and enter the eye 
 more on an angle, and by this means they find their way into the 
 eye by passing around the border of the lens. By dilating the 
 pupils with Atropine, the opacity of the lens may be plainly seen. 
 It looks white or very light in color. This is seen by looking 
 through the pupil. It will be remembered that the lens is situated 
 directly behind the pupil, enclosed and supported by a little trans- 
 parent membrane. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is removal of the lens and fitting the eyes 
 with artificial glasses. This is an operation of considerable deli- 
 cacy. For nuclear cataract enlarging of the pupils is advised. In 
 this form the outer border of the lens remains natural, and by 
 enlarging the pupils the light may be readily transmitted. The 
 opaque center does not extend or become larger, but remains 
 stationary throughout life. Soft cataract is so-called because the 
 lens is soft, opaque and non- transparent to light. This form is 
 usually met with in the young — children and infants. 
 
 Secondary Cataract is where the capsule in which the lens was 
 enclosed becomes opaque or non-transparent after the removal of 
 the lens. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 125 
 
 STY, or HORDEOLUM.— Under the description of the 
 eye it was stated that the lids were supplied with a flat layer of 
 cartilage or dense connective tissue to aid in maintaining their 
 form, and that on the under side of each plate of dense tissue 
 were a number of glands. A duct leads from each gland to the 
 free margin of the lid. Sometimes one of these ducts or openings 
 becomes closed, and as the secretions of the gland continue, a 
 bulging is caused. This is called a Sty. 
 
 Cause. — Irritation from unhealthy blood; in other words, the 
 cause is constitutional. This is why there are usually a number 
 of these affections. The irritation causes an increase in the secre- 
 tions of the glands with the result that one of the ducts becomes 
 closed, and as the gland continues to secrete, the part swells, 
 bulges forward, and becomes inflamed and painful. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 As a rule these affections are stubborn, the same as eczema 
 and dandruff, and do not respond readily to treatment. This 
 shows that the cause is not local, but constitutional. Usually the 
 inflammation continues three or four days, pus forms, the tumor 
 ruptures, the contents are discharged and the part heals. The 
 treatment consists in trying to prevent pus formation, and also to 
 prevent other tumors and swellings of a like nature. Small hot 
 poultices may be laid over the lids, or a solution of hot Boric 
 Acid may be applied on a soft cloth or small piece of cotton and 
 changed frequently. If there is evidence of pus, the tumor should 
 be opened at once. In place of the poultices or hot applications 
 the following ointment is sometimes used: 
 
 Yellow Oxide of Mercury 3 grains . 
 
 Vaseline 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and apply to the affected 
 lid two or three times a day. If this ointment 
 is found irritating in any case, add more 
 Vaseline. 
 
 With the first appearance of a sty, an active cathartic should 
 be given and the patient should be careful about the diet. 
 
 PTERYGIUM (Terigium).— This is a thickening of the 
 mucous membrane which commences at the inner angle or junc- 
 tion of the lid and extends over the eyeball. It is a fleshy, 
 wedge-shaped growth. The apex or point is directed toward 
 the pupil, while the base remains at the point of origin, that is, 
 corresponds to the fleshy eminence at the inner angle of the lids. 
 In the description of the eye this eminence is described as the 
 cat uncle* 
 
126 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Cause. — Long-continued irritation, the result of irritants in 
 the blood. This results first in congestion, second in inflamma- 
 tion, and third in overgrowth of the membrane, the result of 
 increased blood supply. 
 
 Symptoms. — A fleshy growth commencing at the inner angle 
 of the eye, the outer end pointed and extending toward the pupil. 
 If allowed to continue, it reaches and may nearly cover the pupil. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Removal with a knife. 
 
 FAINTING. — A temporary suspension of the vital func- 
 tions and mental powers, in some cases occurring suddenly, and 
 in others preceded by a distress about the heart, a swimming of 
 the head and a sense of general helplessness; also sometimes pre- 
 ceded by sickness at the stomach and coldness of the feet and 
 hands. 
 
 Causes. — The causes of fainting are many: Pain, injuries, 
 loss of blood, fatigue and weakness, fright, confinement in 
 crowded places where the heat is great and ventilation poor, tight 
 lacing and distressing sights. Organic diseases of the heart may 
 occasion fainting in those who are afflicted with them. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Bathe the temples and around the nostrils with Camphor; 
 sprinkle a little cold water in the face; get the patient into fresh 
 air; give a little sling. 
 
 B. Lay the patient on the back on a bed, the floor, or the 
 ground. Compel bystanders to keep away so that fresh air can 
 be obtained. Never raise the patient up to a sitting or standing 
 position. — (8). 
 
 C. Assume horizontal position; head a little lower than 
 body.— (54). 
 
 D. Horizontaf position on back. Cold to the head. Aromatic 
 Spirits of Ammonia to nose for inhalation. — (10). 
 
 Faintness. — Give patient plenty of fresh air and also give 
 brandy sling. Rub arms and limbs thoroughly. Wet cloth in 
 Aqua Ammonia and let patient inhale it, being careful not to 
 hold it close enough to strangle. 
 
 FATTY DEGENERATION. — (See under Heart, 
 Diseases of) . 
 
 FELON. — An abscess on a finger or thumb is termed a felon, 
 but a felon proper is an inflammation of the membrane covering 
 the bone. It occurs usually in the last joint of either a thumb or 
 finger. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 27 
 
 Symptoms. — The pain, at first deep and throbbing, soon 
 becomes excruciating in the extreme, and the joint affected 
 presents a swollen and inflamed appearance. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The usual method of relief, and the safest, is to have 
 the finger lanced freely, the incision reaching to the bone. If 
 this is not done, the ulcerating process goes on within the mem- 
 brane until the bone itself is very likely to be destroyed. If the 
 felon is not lanced, the application of poultices not only affords 
 some degree of relief and comfort, but hastens suppuration. 
 
 B. Poultice with bread and milk or Flaxseed. Lance it as 
 soon as possible. After it is lanced use a Slippery Elm poultice. 
 
 C. Take a handful each of the roots of Indian Turnip and of 
 Blue Flag, and stew them in hog's lard sufficient to stew well. 
 When done, strain and press out, and add Tar, 4 tablespoonfuls, 
 and Castile soap half as much; simmer together, and apply this 
 until the felon breaks. 
 
 D. Venice Turpentine, 1 ounce. Put into }4 teaspoonful of 
 water and stir with a rough stick until the mass looks like candied 
 honey, then spread a good coat on a cloth and wrap around the 
 finger. If the case is only recent, it will remove the pain in a 
 few hours. 
 
 E. A Poke Root poultice on a felon cures by absorption, 
 unless matter is already formed; if matter has already formed, it 
 soon brings it to a head and thus saves much pain and suffering. 
 
 F. Blue Flag and Hellebore roots, equal parts. Boil in milk 
 and water, then soak the felon in it for twenty minutes, as hot as 
 can be borne, and bind the roots on the parts for one hour. This 
 has cured many felons when commenced in time.,* 
 
 G. Felon Ointment. — Take sweet Oil, % pint, and stew 
 a small plug of tobacco in it until the tobacco is crisped; then 
 squeeze it out and add Red Lead, 1 ounce, and boil until black; 
 when a little cool, add pulverized Camphor Gum, 1 ounce. — (79). 
 
 H. Felon Salve. — A salve made by burning 1 tablespoonful 
 of Copperas, then pulverizing it and mixing with the yolk of an 
 egg, is said to relieve the pain and cure the felon in twenty-four 
 hours; then heal with cream two parts and soft soap one part. 
 Apply the healing salve daily after soaking the part in warm 
 water. — (79), ^ 
 
FEVERS. 
 
 Fever is evidence of a disordered system — evidence of sys- 
 temic disease. Its chief symptom is elevation of temperature. 
 The cause may be local or general. The name corresponds to the 
 location and conditions which cause it and to the characteristic 
 symptoms, as typhoid where there is stupor, scarlet meaning a 
 flush, intermittent, or fever and ague, etc. 
 
 Fever is divided into three stages: first, that of chills or chill- 
 iness ; second, heat and elevation of temperature ; third, the 
 sweating stage. It is also divided into two groups, idiopathic 
 and symptomatic. Where the fever is self- generating, as in 
 small-pox or scarlet fever, it is termed idiopathic; but where it is 
 dependent upon local conditions, as absorption from ah infected 
 wound, it is called symptomatic. 
 
 Cause. — The arteries are controlled by two sets of nerve 
 fibers, one set tending to dilate and make them larger, and the 
 other set tending to contract and make them smaller. This 
 opposite effect during health keeps the arteries a natural size. 
 Poisons paralyze more or less the nerve fibers which control the 
 arteries and allow them to dilate. The large arteries are affected 
 but little; the small ones may be greatly enlarged. Just beneath 
 the skin is a vast network of vessels which are estimated to be 
 capable of holding one-half the blood in the body. These vessels 
 become dilated, and an unusual amount of blood is brought to 
 the surface. This is why the face is red during a fever. Every 
 chemical change produces a certain amount of heat ; this is a 
 universal law. The tissue change, repair and waste, which is 
 constantly taking place in the body, is a chemical change, and the 
 heat thus produced maintains bodily temperature. The change 
 depends upon the circulation; the blood furnishes the repair in 
 the form of nourishment, and carries away the waste. During 
 health the two sets of nerve fibers control the circulation so nicely 
 and the tissue change is so well governed that an even tempera- 
 ture is maintained. When poison is present from any cause, it 
 first paralyzes the nerves which contract the arteries and allows 
 them to dilate ; this brings a large amount of blood to the 
 surface and tissue change is increased, hence an increase in tem- 
 perature, or fever. We can see the wisdom of this when we 
 remember that it causes the patient to sweat, as elimination 
 through the pores of the skin aids materially in giving relief. 
 
 128 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 129 
 
 This is Nature's plan. This is why the nerves that dilate are 
 allowed to control, and this is why the blood is brought to the 
 surface. Whether the poison is generated in the system, as in 
 scarlet fever, or whether it is absorbed from a poisoned wound, 
 makes no difference; the results are the same. The poison may 
 also be absorbed from bad air, poisonous gases or bad water ; or 
 fever may result from nervous conditions, without poison. 
 
 Symptoms of General Fever. — After languor, weakness and 
 restlessness for a day or two, or more, as the case may be, the 
 first striking symptom of an approaching fever will be a chill 
 of greater or less severity and continuance according to the 
 greater or less disturbance of the system. The chill will to a 
 certain extent indicate the severity of the oncoming disease. If 
 nothing is done to relieve the attack and the chills continue, the 
 skin becomes pale, the features shrunken and haggard, and the 
 patient is led to think that streams of cold water are being poured 
 down his back. As soon as this chilliness begins to subside, the 
 circulation begins to increase ; greater or less heat of the surface 
 is produced, the strength is gradually diminished, and consider- 
 able thirst is manifested, the pulse also being increased in fre- 
 quency and hardness. By a frequent pulse is meant one faster than 
 in health, which is from sixty -five to seventy -five; and by a hard 
 pulse, one that resists the examiner, as though it was bound to 
 pass under the finger no matter how hard the pressure. There 
 may be considerable distress about the stomach and other internal 
 organs, also great aversion to making the least exertion of body or 
 mind. The patient is willing to lie down, and seems to care but 
 little whether anything is done for his relief or not; but it should 
 be remembered that the greater his indifference, the greater the 
 necessity for immediate attention to the case. 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — The treatment should be directed to the 
 removal of the cause, if possible. If an infected wound, first 
 cleanse thoroughly with soap and water, then use antiseptics — 
 shut off the supply of poison from this source, and then the 
 patient has only to get rid of the amount in the system. If from 
 bad air or foul gases, secure a change of surroundings, and in all 
 cases keep the eliminative organs active — a dose of Castor Oil or 
 Salts taken internally, and frequent bathing to keep the skin 
 active. If the surface is dry and hot, sweat the patient. Aconite 
 and other fever remedies may be useful. If the patient is weak, 
 give stimulants. For typhoid fever, give antiseptics internally. 
 A light diet is usually of advantage for the first day or two, but 
 give an abundance of pure water. A thorough action of the bowels 
 will cure many cases of fever. If this does not succeed, and the 
 patient grows worse, send for the doctor. 
 
 9 
 
130 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TYPHOID FEVER.— While this disease may occur at 
 any season of the year, it is most common in the autumn, especi- 
 ally at the close of a hot, dry summer. 
 
 Cause. — Typhoid fever is the result of an unhealthy digestive 
 tract which is brought about by a long train of conditions, hence 
 the great number of symptoms. First there is indigestion and 
 lack of elimination from some cause, and this is followed by 
 degenerative changes and the production of many poisons. Some 
 of these poisons are absorbed, and gradually the system is brought 
 under their morbid influence, vitality is lowered and resistance 
 lessened. This accounts for the languor, headache, fever, loss of 
 appetite, etc., which precede the disease. The condition of the 
 bowels causes congestion of the lining mucous membrane, and this 
 congestion extends to all mucous surfaces, hence there may be 
 nosebleed. At the lips the mucous membrane is continuous with 
 the deeper layer of the skin, and there is congestion of this layer 
 also, so that hemorrhage may, and in many cases does occur on 
 the surface of the body. This hemorrhage is more apt to occur 
 over the abdominal cavity, and those seeing it for the first time 
 are, of course, frightened. The various glands situated in the 
 mucous membrane of the bowel are abundantly supplied with 
 blood vessels, hence the congestion, which gradually increases to 
 inflammation, is greatest at these points. The swelling and 
 pressure continue until nutrition is shut off or reduced to such a 
 low ebb that ulceration takes place, the same as in dysentery. The 
 changes in the mucous membrane are: first, congestion; second, 
 inflammation; third, ulceration. If allowed to go on, ulceration 
 will continue until all of the glands have been invaded. That is 
 why the disease used to last from four to eight weeks. To-day 
 there seems no excuse for such duration. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease is developed insidiously. The patient 
 does not feel well, but does not know to what to ascribe his bad 
 feelings. He tires easily, is perhaps dizzy at times, may bleed 
 at the nose, and suffers from headache, particularly pain in the 
 back part of the head. His digestion is disordered, his sleep dis- 
 turbed, his spirits depressed, his intellect dulled; and while he 
 usually continues about his work, his weakness grows upon him 
 until he is attacked with slight chills or shiverings. As the onset 
 of this disease is so insidious in character, it is difficult to deter- 
 mine the time when fever develops. 
 
 During the first five days after the onset of the fever the 
 temperature increases in a characteristic manner, being about two 
 degrees higher in the evening than in the morning, and increas- 
 ing one degree each day. During this time, in fact, during the 
 whole of the first week, the patient complains of pain in the 
 head and nausea, although the greater portion of the time 
 
/ 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 i, Arteries. 2, Muscles of Neck. 3, 4, Veins. 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 3 1 
 
 he is listless and indifferent, lying with his eyes closed as if 
 asleep. The tongue is heavily coated. Diarrhea is believed by 
 some to be a characteristic symptom of this disease, but in many 
 cases the bowels are constipated. The discharge is at first of a 
 dark color, but during the second week becomes yellowish and 
 more fluid and ill-smelling. The abdomen is somewhat distended, 
 and upon pressure over the right groin gives a gurgling sound. 
 In some cases between the seventh and ninth days an eruption 
 of rose-colored spots occurs in clusters upon the abdomen, chest 
 or back. They disappear on pressure (returning, of course, when 
 the pressure is removed) and last for several days. 
 
 During the second week all the symptoms of the first week 
 are exaggerated; the former listlessness of the patient gradually 
 changes to stupor, interrupted by delirium; deafness is developed; 
 also the teeth become coated with an unhealthy accumulation. 
 
 Towards the end of the second week, or some time during 
 the third week, in the majority of cases the patient grows 
 worse; his prostration is extreme, and his stupor so great that 
 he is roused with difficulty; the tongue is covered with a dark- 
 colored crust and is dry and cracked. Hemorrhage of the bowels 
 may also occur at this time. 
 
 If the patient survives the period just mentioned, during the 
 fourth week the symptoms remit and, greatly emaciated and 
 debilitated, he passes into a slow convalescence. 
 
 Variations in Symptoms. — In the strong and robust, mor- 
 bid conditions of the digestive tract which cause typhoid fever 
 may be held in check until the system is so overwhelmed with 
 poison that the disease breaks forth suddenly and with great 
 force. These cases present none of the symptoms mentioned. 
 We have seen a few cases of this kind. 
 
 The reader should remember that in typhoid fever, as in all 
 other diseases, the symptoms vary greatly. Many of the symp- 
 toms may be absent, or so modified as to attract but little atten- 
 tion. It is seldom that the symptoms are all present or occur in 
 regular order as usually given by medical writers. Those who 
 care for the sick must exercise a reasonable amount of judgment 
 independent of what are usually called symptoms. An unhealthy 
 condition of the digestive tract may give all the symptoms 
 of typhoid fever, yet the disease may not be present. Fever, 
 headache, loss of appetite, nausea, coated tongue, pains in different 
 parts of the body, dull feeling, loss of vigor extending all the way 
 from slight indisposition to inability to perform manual labor, 
 bloating and soreness along the digestive tract, and many other 
 symptoms and conditions may be present, and yet there may be 
 no typhoid fever. Thorough elimination and internal antiseptics 
 
132 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 for a day or two, with a restricted diet, will clear up the great 
 majority of these cases, and the individual feel as well as ever. 
 
 An error that is constantly being made is that of confounding 
 typhoid fever with other typhoid (depressing) symptoms. The 
 word typhoid means stupor, therefore, strictly speaking, any con- 
 dition of stupor where fever is present may be called typhoid fever, 
 and some doctors do apply the term to many low conditions 
 accompanied by fever. 
 
 The very nature of typhoid fever renders diagnosis extremely 
 difficult. If a typhoid patient lives until the end of the second 
 week, there will be ulcers along the digestive tract. The evi- 
 dence of this condition may easily be detected by the stools, as 
 they will contain both mucus and pus. Ulcers may occur with- 
 out typhoid; in fact, any and all the symptoms of typhoid may 
 and undoubtedly do occur many times when the disease is not 
 present. 
 
 Scattered throughout the small bowel are numerous small 
 glands. These are placed in the mucous membrane and have 
 no excretory ducts. Their use is said to be unknown, yet they 
 undoubtedly aid in digestion, as they are the largest, or most 
 developed, during the digestive period. In places these glands 
 are clustered together, forming little groups. These groups are 
 called "Peyer's patches" because first described by Dr. Peyer. 
 There are from twenty to thirty of these groups in the small 
 bowel, varying from one-half an inch in width to three, four or 
 more inches in length. The mucous membrane surronding them 
 is highly vascular, that is, abundantly supplied with blood vessels. 
 The normal blood supply being greater than in the surrounding 
 mucous membrane, inflammation is more intense, therefore they are 
 a good field for degenerative changes, ulceration, etc. , and that is 
 the reason ulceration occurs at these particular points. 
 
 Typhoid Fever, To Prevent — Great Value of Lemon 
 Juice. — Lemon juice will destroy typhoid fever germs in water. 
 This important discovery is the result of recent experiments made 
 in bacteriological bureaus in European capitals. One experi- 
 menter recently dropped a little lemon juice into a culture tube 
 containing typhoid germs. To his amazement he found the acid 
 shriveled up and killed the germs. This discovery is timely and 
 valuable, especially for localities where typhoid fever is prevalent. 
 
 Dr. Asa Ferguson, a practitioner of London, has just published 
 an article in which he gives the results of experiments made by 
 European scientists. Commenting upon the lemon juice test, Dr. 
 Ferguson says: "Typhoid germs must be taken into the stomach 
 in order to cause typhoid fever. If, therefore, people will put 
 a teaspoonful of lemon juice into the water they drink, they 
 will avoid typhoid fever." 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 133 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What To Do Till the Doctor Comes.— Give an active cath- 
 artic. Put the patient to bed, keep him warm and give him warm 
 drinks. Get him to sweating, if possible. After thorough 
 elimination give 10-grain doses either of Salol or the Sulphocar- 
 bolates, as directed nnder Internal Antiseptics following. If no 
 improvement within a day or two, send for a doctor. 
 
 How to Help the Doctor. — An important part of the treatment 
 of typhoid fever consists of nourishment and cleanliness, and 
 especially should the latter be applied to the digestive tract. All 
 eliminations, even the sputum, should be deposited in a solution 
 of Carbolic Acid or a solution of lime in water of the consistency 
 of whitewash, and allowed to stand for one or two hours. It 
 should then be emptied at a good distance from the house and 
 well and always in the same place, and occasionally a quantity of 
 lime thrown over this. 
 
 The drinking water should be pure. 
 
 Good ventilation should be secured at all times; it is neces- 
 sary to pay particular attention to this feature. 
 
 Daily baths should be given, even if the temperature is not 
 high, as they will aid in elimination and give a sense of relief and 
 general improvement. 
 
 Typhoid fever patients should be fed every one, two or three 
 hours, depending upon the amount taken. Sleep should not 
 interfere with feeding if the patient is low; this is important. 
 
 The food should consist of milk, soft cooked eggs, beef tea 
 made at home, meat broths, rice boiled for three hours, vegetable 
 soups strained and the liquid only given (nearly all patients like 
 soups made in this way), etc. Boil two ounces of rice in one 
 pint of water for three hours, adding water sufficient to maintain 
 the original amount; mix two eggs with one-half pint of cream, 
 add to the rice, and add this to one pint of hot beef tea. No 
 patient should be compelled to take food that is not agreeable. 
 Fruit juices are excellent in all stages of this disease. 
 
 If the food is not well digested, artificial digestants should 
 be given, but the doctor will attend to this. 
 
 A. Initial dose of Calomel, followed by frequent small doses 
 of same combined with intestinal antiseptics, will greatly modify 
 and cut short the disease. — (31). 
 
 Internal Antiseptics for Typhoid Fever. — First, secure 
 thorough elimination by means of Calomel, Castor Oil or Salts. 
 Ten grains of Calomel, followed in six or eight hours by 2 
 tablespoonfuls of Epsom Salts or of Seidlitz Salts, is best. 
 Enough of the Salts should be taken every morning to cause at 
 least one movement during the day. The Calomel should not be 
 
134 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 continued for fear of salivation. Salol or the Sulphocarbolates 
 of Zinc, L,ime and Soda combined are the best antiseptics for the 
 digestive tract, and should be given from the first, commencing 
 as soon as the laxatives have operated. The dose of either is 
 from 5 to 10 grains every two hours. When the eliminations 
 improve, the amount should be lessened. Salol and the Sulpho- 
 carbolates possess marked advantages over other preparations of 
 this kind because their antiseptic influence extends for a greater 
 distance along the digestive tract. 
 
 In some cases diarrhea is troublesome. Where this condition 
 is present, Sulphocarbolate of Zinc alone is the best remedy 
 because of its astringent properties. Otherwise, it does not differ 
 from the others. The Sulphocarbolates may be given in tablet 
 or solution, as desired by the patient. The taste is not pleasant, 
 hence tablets are often preferred. There is no taste to Salol, 
 therefore it may be given in tablet or powder. It will not dissolve 
 in water; the Sulphocarbolates will. If the Sulphocarbolates 
 are dissolved, a little Glycerine may be added. This will help to 
 cover the taste and the Glycerine itself is a good antiseptic. 
 But its influence does not reach far beyond the stomach. If 
 there is much pain with diarrhea, a pill containing one grain 
 of Opium and one grain of Acetate of L,ead may be given once or 
 twice a day. 
 
 A weak heart, high temperature, stupor, delirium, foul odor, 
 etc. , are indications that the patient is being overcome by poisons 
 generated in the digestive tract, and call for more intestinal anti- 
 septics. Internal remedies for fever should be avoided as they 
 weaken the patient. With plenty of pure water, fresh air, 
 thorough elimination and a liberal use of antiseptics there will be 
 little need for severe treatment, such as fever remedies or ice 
 packs, and but little danger of hemorrhage. Atropine is one of 
 the best remedies for dangerous hemorrhage if it does occur. 
 In the event of hemorrhage, if the physician is not at hand and 
 the case seems urgent, any of the following may be given: 
 
 Atropine 1-50 grain, 
 
 or, 
 Tincture of Iron, a small teaspoonful, well 
 diluted, 
 
 or, 
 Fluid Extract of Ergot i)4 teaspoonfuls, 
 
 or, 
 Morphine }4 grain, 
 
 or, 
 Opium 2 grains. 
 
 The Morphine and Opium are valuable, but will not act so 
 quickly, and are somewhat dangerous if the patient is very low. 
 Artificial heat is also valuable as it aids in bringing the blood to 
 the surface, and thus relieves the internal organs. 
 
DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 135 
 
 TYPHUS FEVER.— What is called typhus fever bears a 
 close resemblance to typhoid fever; in fact the two were separated 
 only a few years ago. Some claim that in typhus fever the 
 Peyer's glands do not ulcerate; in typhoid fever they do. This 
 effort at separation is unimportant. Typhus fever is clearly a 
 filth disease, the result of bad surroundings. With our present 
 knowledge of sanitation both typhus fever and typhoid fever are 
 fast disappearing. Typhus used to be prevalent on shipboard, in 
 jails and in army life, and for that reason was often called Camp 
 Fever ox fail Fever. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment recommended under Typhoid Fever will apply 
 with equal force to Typhus Fever. 
 
 YELLOW FEVER.— This is a disease of low districts, 
 usually near the sea. It does not occur above an elevation of 
 2500 feet above the sea level, nor in a temperature below 70 
 degrees. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is bad hygiene. Yellow fever is clearly 
 a filth disease. For one hundred and forty years there had been 
 deaths in Havana from yellow fever during the months of June 
 and July; but when the Americans went over and removed some 
 of the heaps of ancient rubbish and emptied the overflowing cess- 
 pools, yellow fever vanished. There were no deaths from this 
 disease during the months of June and July in the year of 1901, 
 and there was comparatively little sickness during the months 
 named, yet the country was filled with American soldiers, not yet 
 acclimated, or accustomed, to the heat of the country. 
 
 Symptoms. — First there is sudden onset, with severe pains in 
 the stomach or bowels, back and lower limbs, and severe headache. 
 The vessels about the stomach are gorged with blood; there is a 
 rapid rise in temperature, the face is flushed, the pulse is rapid, 
 and there is loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. If the patient 
 lives, there is improvement within two or three days; he becomes 
 more comfortable and may recover. If recovery does not follow, 
 the relapse shows all the symptoms exaggerated. The ejections 
 from the stomach become darker, and in some cases almost black, 
 hence the name "black vomit." There is great prostration. The 
 skin becomes yellow. This is said to be due to the destruction 
 of the red blood corpuscles. There are degenerative changes in 
 the liver and kidneys. The temperature is subnormal. These 
 symptoms are followed by collapse and death. Deaths have 
 occurred in 24 to 48 hours. 
 
1 36 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In severe cases there is not much that can be done with 
 drugs. 5 or 10 grain doses of Calomel may be given, and any of 
 the usual means to prevent vomiting. If the patient is cold, apply 
 artificial heat and give Tincture of Belladonna — 20 to 30 drops to a 
 dose. Repeat every hour or two until the surface is warm and 
 the face is flushed. In cases that are less severe, treat as an 
 ordinary case of biliousness. With the thorough sanitation that 
 is now being instituted in yellow fever districts, the disease will 
 soon become rare. 
 
 ERUPTIVE FEVERS. 
 
 The eruptive fevers, as measles, scarlet fever, etc., have 
 many features in common. All have a period of incubation, that 
 is, a time from exposure to the manifestation of the disease ; all 
 are accompanied with a fever of more or less intensity preceding 
 the eruption ; each fever has an eruption which is peculiar to 
 itself; and each is contagious and occurs most commonly in child- 
 hood, rarely attacking the same person twice. 
 
 CHICKEN POX. — This is a mild, contagious, eruptive 
 disease, confined almost exclusively to children, and to which the 
 system is subject but once. It is neither distressing nor danger- 
 ous, but is not infrequently confounded with a light case of small- 
 pox as the symptoms of the two diseases are similar in some 
 particulars. 
 
 Cause. — A contagious poison to which children only are 
 subject. 
 
 Symptoms. — Slight indisposition, impaired appetite, consti- 
 pation and mild febrile symptoms, followed, probably within 
 twenty-four hours, with an eruption on the body and extremities 
 (rarely on the face ) in the form of vesicles ( little blisters or 
 sacs) . These vesicles are not preceded by pimples, as in small-pox 
 ( see small-pox symptoms ) , and are not hollow in the centre. 
 They are transparent and vary from the size of a pin-head to 
 a split pea. On the fifth or sixth day they begin to dry, a process 
 which is rapidly accomplished. Scabs then form and fall off as 
 in small-pox, but they rarely leave a permanent scar. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 Treatment Without a Doctor. — For chicken-pox all that is 
 necessary to do is to keep the child in the house. Give warm 
 drinks to bring the rash out, and keep him from the air and out 
 of draughts. In all eruptive diseases exclude fatty foods, that 
 is, fat meats, etc. (Butter is not a fat.) Restrict to a diet of 
 broths, beef tea and vegetables as much as possible. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 137 
 
 No particular treatment is needed, but until the rash appears 
 there may be quite a little fever, and for this Aconite may be 
 given. Put 6 drops of Aconite into a glass of water and give a 
 teaspoonful every three or four hours. After the rash appears, 
 give three times a day. 
 
 A. Dust surface with flour or starch to stop itching, keep 
 bowels open and avoid taking cold. Treat each sore as needed 
 for any small sore. Avoid rubbing or picking about face. — (13). 
 
 SMALL-POX, or VARIOLA. — Variola, the technical 
 name for this disease, is derived from the Greek word varus, 
 meaning a pimple. The disease itself is an acute inflammation 
 of the skin, characterized by febrile symptoms and an eruption in 
 the form of pimples. These pimples first feel like shot under the 
 skin, but later develop, become watery, change to pus, and 
 finally scabs form which drop off, leaving pits in the flesh. The 
 time of incubation is from ten to sixteen days. It is a highly 
 contagious disease. 
 
 Small-pox is divided into four varieties : The modified or 
 varioloid, a very mild form; the discrete, where the pocks remain 
 separate; the confluent, where the pocks spread and join together; 
 and the malignant. The last form seldom occurs. Such a case 
 is evidence that the system was very unhealthy before the disease 
 began. 
 
 Cause. — A specific ferment which sets up fermentation in the 
 system. When digestion, oxidation or elimination are inter- 
 fered with, there is more or less waste present; this is admitted 
 by all. The specific ferment sets up fermentation in this waste 
 just as the specific ferment, yeast, sets up fermentation in starch 
 in bread making. The severity of the case is governed by the 
 condition of the system. In a healthy man the specific ferment 
 produces no result because there is no waste. That is why some 
 escape the disease while others have it. Some of the products of 
 fermentation are poisonous to the system ; some of the products 
 of yeast fermentation are poisonous. In bread making the yeast 
 fermentation produces Carbonic Acid, which is a deadly poison 
 to all animal life. It is the different poisons resulting from 
 different ferments that produce contagious diseases. The various 
 poisons resulting from these ferments produce different effects 
 upon the system, as shown in small-pox, erysipelas, measles, etc., 
 and this accounts for the different infectious diseases. 
 
 These principles were taught by the late Prof. W. B. Car- 
 penter, recognized as the world's greatest physiologist. 
 
 The varieties of small-pox as here described represent the 
 disease rather as it occurred years ago, when hygiene was neither 
 known nor practiced. To-day small-pox is not considered so 
 
1 38 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 dangerous a disease. These forms are seldom met, and, if we 
 are to judge the future by the past, then we must conclude that 
 with clean and wholesome surroundings, while there may be 
 variations in its severity, it will not again prove so destructive to 
 human life as in those days when its path was marked by suffer- 
 ing, misery and death. The Plague once swept over and devas- 
 tated whole countries; to-day the plague is but a relic of the past. 
 Leprosy \ once so dreaded, we have learned to look upon only as a 
 filth disease, hence we do not fear it. Malaria is controlled by 
 surroundings, and to-day we hear little of it. Yellow Fever had 
 been prevalent in Havana for many years, but, as stated elsewhere, 
 when the Americans went over and emptied the overflowing 
 cess-pools and carried away the ancient rubbish, yellow fever 
 vanished; and we think it but reasonable to believe that with 
 attention to fresh air and cleanliness small-pox will go the way of 
 leprosy, yellow fever and the plague. What applies to these 
 diseases will apply with equal force to other diseases. 
 
 All understand that there are many cases of small-pox so 
 mild that they are diagnosed with difficulty. This has always 
 been true in this disease. The symptoms given below are 
 intended to represent well- developed cases, i. e., severe cases. 
 
 Discrete Form. — The patient is taken suddenly with a 
 violent chill, followed by high fever, a rapid pulse and intense 
 headache. As the fever comes on he is subject to nausea and 
 vomiting. Vomiting at this time is characteristic of the disease, 
 and another very characteristic symptom is a severe pain in the 
 back, extending also into the lower limbs. Convulsions may 
 occur, especially in children, or the patient may be delirious. 
 About the third day the rash makes its appearance, first about 
 the mouth and on the forehead, or about the roots of the hair, 
 but soon noticeable on the wrists, neck, breast, etc., spreading 
 over the entire body in the course of a few hours, and continuing 
 to come out (the spots increasing in number) for two or three 
 days. With the appearance of the eruption the fever and all f eh He 
 symptoms abate, and the patient is, for a season, comparatively 
 comfortable, while in a case of the measles the fever increases 
 when the eruption appears. 
 
 The rash has at first the appearance of coarse red spots, not 
 unlike the eruption in measles, for which it is sometimes mis- 
 taken. Soon, however, the center of the spots harden and 
 become slightly prominent, and are distinct to the touch, particu- 
 larly at the wrists, where they "feel like shots under the skin." 
 The prominence develops into papulae (pimples) , and about the 
 sixth day of the disease these become filled with a clear, watery 
 liquid; they are now termed vesicles. The vesicles attain to about 
 the size of a small pea, but continue separate and distinct, and 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 139 
 
 become slightly depressed in the center. This depression is an 
 unmistakable sign of small-pox. Another symptom is the 
 following: First let us remember that small-pox vesicles are 
 divided into many chambers, giving them a honeycombed appear- 
 ance. By taking a needle and carefully opening a vesicle upon 
 one side, it will be found that only a small part of the secretions 
 escape and that the elevation feels as firm and resistant as before. 
 In other words, the vesicle is not emptied, but only the single 
 chamber pierced by the needle. Gradually the liquid contained 
 in the vesicles loses its clear appearance, and by the ninth day 
 they have become pustules (the so-called "pocks"), filled with a 
 yellowish matter from which a very offensive odor is emitted. 
 The pustules, which are encircled by a band of red, become 
 greatly inflamed and swollen, giving a distorted appearance, the 
 features being almost unrecognizable if the eruption is thickly set. 
 This is the most critical stage of the disease. The fever returns 
 and is attended with prominent nervous phenomena, the patient 
 becoming wildly delirious, or perhaps coma resulting. On the 
 eleventh or twelfth day, in favorable cases, the pustules, which 
 by this time are so filled with matter that the central depression 
 is lost and they have become pointed instead, show signs of dry- 
 ing up, or many of them may burst. This stage of the disease 
 is attended with great itching of the skin. Scabs now begin to 
 form, the secondary fever declines and convalescence is estab- 
 lished. 
 
 Not only is the external skin affected in small-pox, but cer- 
 tain portions of the mucous membrane also, particularly the 
 lining of the mouth and throat. The swelling in the throat 
 presses upon the glands and causes much discomfort. The 
 inflammation extends also to the lining of the nasal passages, is 
 not infrequently communicated to the eye, and may affect other 
 of the mucous membranes. 
 
 Confluent Form. — The same general symptoms characterize 
 this variety of small-pox that are exhibited in the discrete form, 
 but all are much severer: The invasion is more violent, the fever 
 runs higher, the patient is more prostrated, the eruption makes 
 its appearance the second day instead of the third, and the pocks, 
 instead of being single, run together and form great blisters. 
 This is more particularly true on the face than of the eruption 
 elsewhere, the disfigurement of the features thus caused being 
 shocking to witness. The mucous membranes, too, are affected 
 with proportionately greater severity, and dangerous complica- 
 tions are more liable to result. The death rate in the confluent 
 variety is fifty per cent. 
 
 Malignant Form. — From this variety none recover. The 
 course of the disease is short and violent; the patient is appar- 
 
140 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 ently overwhelmed from the start. Hemorrhages are frequent 
 and livid spots appear on the flesh; but death usually occurs, 
 either by convulsions or coma, before the characteristic eruption 
 appears. 
 
 Modified Form, or Varioloid. — In this form all the symp- 
 toms are modified. It is a mild form. Its course is shorter, it is 
 not attended with a secondary fever, and it is rarely fatal. In 
 some cases it amounts to an indisposition only rather than an 
 illness. 
 Treatments — 
 
 What to Do. — If the disease is prevalent or a person knows 
 he has been exposed, the usual course is to be vaccinated the first 
 thing, even though he may have been vaccinated before. In case 
 of exposure the house should be quarantined and he should retire 
 to a room by himself. No other members of the family, nor any 
 one else, should hold direct communication with him inside of 
 nine days. The first symptoms are pain in the back and head, 
 and when these symptoms appear the doctor should be called and, 
 if possible, some one who has had the disease engaged to act as 
 nurse. 
 
 A. A mild case of small-pox may be treated the same as a 
 case of scarlet fever, i. e. : Isolate the patient; secure an abundance 
 of fresh air; if the patient feels hot, maintain a low even temper- 
 ature and give cool sponge baths, as these produce a feeling of 
 rest and quiet; give light, nourishing diet; for the fever, give 
 Aconite — a i-drop dose of the Tincture of Aconite every hour 
 while the fever lasts; give an abundance of pure cold water; 
 give some mild antiseptics to keep the bowels healthy, as, 5 
 grains of Salol every two or three hours, or, 5-grain doses of the 
 Sulphocarbolates of Iyime, Soda and Zinc combined; if the patient 
 feels chilly and the surface is cold, increase the temperature of 
 the room, apply artificial heat, and give hot drinks — stimulants. 
 
 Where the case is graver, where there is depression of the 
 vital forces from the absorption of pus during the suppurative 
 (pus forming) stage, the conditions will not admit of fever reme- 
 dies without they are supported by stimulants, which may be 
 given in the form of hot sling, Tincture of Capsicum in hot water, 
 or red pepper tea well diluted with hot water and sweetened with 
 sugar. When there is great prostration, with low muttering 
 delirium, increase the antiseptics, that is, the Salol or Sulphocar- 
 bolates; also give Tincture of Belladonna in 10-drop doses every 
 hour until the circulation is improved and the surface is warm. 
 The nasal cavities, mouth and throat should be sprayed two or 
 three times a day with Marschand's Peroxide Hydrogen diluted 
 with an equal amount of water, or, in very severe cases, used 
 full strength. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 141 
 
 It is to prevent conditions like the last named that we wish 
 to speak particularly. We believe that primarily small-pox 
 presents no serious morbid changes or difficulties; and that if it 
 could be arrested before the watery fluid in the vesicles changes 
 to pus, the disease would be comparatively mild and harmless and 
 the name small-pox lose its terrors. To prevent i?us formation the 
 following treatments are recommended: 
 
 1 . Make a saturated solution of Epsom Salts, for example, 
 one pint, and add to this one-half ounce of Aromatic Sulphuric 
 Acid. About the fifth or sixth day, or before evidence of pus 
 makes its appearance, heat the mixture and sponge the patient 
 thoroughly with it morning and evening. Repeat the bath, 
 or sponging, the next day, or any time thereafter if there is 
 evidence of suppuration. 
 
 2. Make a 10 per cent solution of Corrosive Sublimate, or add 
 6 drachms of the Corrosive Sublimate to one pint of water, heat 
 quite hot, see that the Corrosive Sublimate is thoroughly dis- 
 solved, and sponge the patient as above directed. Use this solu- 
 tion only when there is danger of pus formation, and only on 
 such part or parts of the body as the danger appears. 
 
 Important.— The Corrosive Sublimate solution is the stronger 
 of the two, and while we recommend this treatment, its applica- 
 tion should be under the direction of a physician. The bottle 
 containing the Sublimate should be labeled "poison." 
 
 In applying either wash be careful to protect the eyes, that 
 is, not to let any of the fluid get into them. 
 
 These and other strong antiseptics will prevent the watery 
 fluid in the vesicles from changing to pus, and render the dis- 
 charge absolutely harmless. When we remember that it is the 
 formation and absorption of pus that poisons the patient and 
 produces the secondary fever, aggravates all the symptoms and 
 renders the disease so dangerous and fatal, we can readily see 
 that if this change can be intercepted, or prevented, the disease 
 will be rendered mild and harmless. 
 
 VACCINATION AND ANTI-VACCINATION. 
 
 Vaccination has been established and practiced in many coun- 
 tries for many years — centuries in fact, and those who support 
 this practice claim that those who have been successfully vaccin- 
 ated need have absolutely no fear of small-pox. They claim that 
 vaccination produces the disease in a mild form and after this the 
 system is immune. The vaccine used to vaccinate people is 
 obtained from cows suffering with a disease called cow-pox. The 
 vaccine is taken from the sores which appear on the cow, and by 
 
142 
 
 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 scarifying the skin (usually of the arm) the vaccine is applied 
 and enters the circulation. Those who support these principles 
 claim that the cow-pox and small-pox are one and the same 
 disease, and that is why the system is rendered immune after the 
 light attack following vaccination. 
 
 Those who oppose vaccination claim that it does not protect 
 from small-pox. They claim that cow-pox and small-pox are not 
 the same; that the poison or vaccine does not produce the 
 same disease and that is why vaccination does not protect. They 
 claim that grease from the horse's hock will produce the same 
 vesicles and the same disease as the vaccine from the cow, and at 
 one time Jenner himself claimed this to be true and used grease 
 from the horse on a large scale; it was in general use in many 
 European hospitals. This part of their claim is a matter of his- 
 tory. Many medical men admit that ' ' vaccination is by no means 
 harmless, but that it is the lesser of two evils." The anti- 
 vaccinationists claim that scrofula, chronic eczema and erysipelas 
 follow vaccination more or less frequently. This is also admitted 
 by many of the medical profession. Ulcers, abscesses, syphilis, 
 loss of sight, and other diseases also follow some cases of vaccin- 
 ation. The many recent fatalities in New Jersey and other states 
 following vaccination has given the practice a hard blow. 
 
 We do not wish to be understood as advising for or against 
 vaccination; the reader must judge for himself. Since the prac- 
 tice has existed so long, and there is still so much dispute, we 
 think it but simple justice to briefly mention the claims of both 
 
 sides. 
 
 Note. — It is generally understood that Edward Jenner discovered 
 vaccination, yet vaccination was practiced in very ancient times — 2,000 years 
 before our Christian era. The Sanskrit contains a clear description of vaccin- 
 ation, which has been translated by Dr. Michea. 
 
 MEASLES. — This disease, which is characterized by 
 catarrhal symptoms and an eruption of the skin, is both contagious 
 and epidemic. As an epidemic it makes its appearance usually 
 in January and lasts until about May, but individual cases may 
 occur at any time of year. As persons are subject to it but once 
 one epidemic is not likely to be followed by another for a number 
 of years, although there are generally a number of cases the next 
 season after an epidemic among those who escaped the preceding 
 year. The disease is, as a rule, contracted in youth, and the 
 young are attacked with less severity than persons of more mature 
 years.! 
 
 Cause. — A contagion which is particularly communicable to 
 children. 
 
 Symptoms. — From ten to fourteen days elapse from the time 
 of contracting the disease before the patient begins to "come 
 down ' ' with it. During the last few days of this period he is 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 143 
 
 likely to feel more or less indisposed. About the tenth to four- 
 teenth day a feeling of chilliness comes on, and he has the appear- 
 ance of having contracted a severe cold in the head. There is 
 some fever; the catarrh, which extends to the eyes, continues. 
 They become red and the lids swollen; also a hoarse cough is 
 developed; there is muscular soreness all over the body, and 
 may be headache, or the patient may exhibit drowsiness. On the 
 fourth day the rash appears, first on the forehead and face, in the 
 form of red dots. These dots generally run together and spread 
 all over the body. They are very slightly elevated and rough to 
 the touch, but the skin not covered with the rash is natural in 
 appearance, whereas in scarlet fever it is uniformly red. In 
 scarlet fever, too, the eruption comes on earlier and there is no 
 catarrh. With the apbearance of the rash the fever, mild at first, 
 increases, and the catarrh is aggravated. After the second day 
 the eruption begins to grow dull — more brownish — and by the 
 ninth day or earlier, has disappeared altogether, followed, if the 
 attack has been severe, by a peeling off of the skin in minute 
 flakes. The patient's eyes remain weak, and the cough is likely 
 to continue for a time. 
 
 One of the most important considerations in a case of measles 
 Is the care that should be taken, both during incubation (if the 
 patient knows he has been exposed) and recovery, not to become 
 exposed to draughts, cold, etc., as the catarrhal condition men- 
 tioned extends along the bronchial tubes, and the danger is the 
 tendency towards lung diseases, especially in those of scrofulous 
 constitution. Measles may also be followed with inflammation 
 of the eyes, impaired hearing, or chronic catarrh. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — The first symptom in measles is that of a com- 
 mon cold, accompanied with a dry, hacking cough. So if the 
 disease is anywhere around, the parent should be on the lookout 
 for this symptom, and when the child begins coughing, keep him 
 in the house. With the appearance of the rash soak his feet 
 in warm water, as warm as he can bear, put him to bed and 
 give him warm herb drinks — Saffron tea is best. I,et him drink 
 of it freely. Get him to sweating and see that he does not cool 
 off too soon. Keep him moist and do not allow cold air to strike 
 him, though in all cases the room should be well ventilated. For 
 the fever that precedes the rash, take Aconite (see Chicken- Pox). 
 If the rash comes out nicely, it is not necessary to have a phy- 
 sician unless as a matter of satisfaction to the parent; but the 
 greatest care must be taken to prevent chilling, in which case the 
 rash will in all probability be driven back, and a doctor should 
 then be immediately summoned. The cough is aggravating and 
 
144 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 will last for a week or two after the measles have disappeared and 
 the child gets out. An excellent thing for this cough is Hoar- 
 hound. Steep it up, sweeten it, make a syrup and give freely. 
 The throat may be quite sore, and, as in other fevers, the patient 
 is very thirsty. Let him have all the cold water or lemonade 
 he wants to drink. The room should be darkened as light is 
 painful to the eyes. 
 
 A. Keep the patient well housed and warm in well- ventilated 
 room, and give all the cold water he can drink. This treatment 
 well attended to will be all most patients will need. — (30). 
 
 B. For racking cough and restlessness, put % grain Morphine 
 in li glass of water. Give one teaspoonf ul after cough — perhaps 
 each hour — to give rest. Don't give it except needed to quiet, 
 and don't give to infants. — (43). 
 
 For the Itching That Sometimes Accompanies This 
 Disease. — If the fever is high and there is much irritation and 
 restlessness, give a bath once a day; twice if necessary. If this 
 does not relieve the trouble, apply pure Sweet Oil, or Vaseline 
 containing 5 drops of Carbolic Acid to the ounce. 
 
 A uniform temperature should be maintained, not only 
 through the disease, but during convalescence, as this lessens the 
 danger of taking cold, and in many cases the child is more easily 
 managed as the skin is particularly sensitive at this time. 
 
 For Measles Cough. — If the cough is troublesome, or 
 
 lingers after the disease disappears, give the following: 
 
 Sulphate of Codeine 1 grain. 
 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica % drachm. 
 
 Syrup of Wild Cherry 1 ounce. 
 
 Water enough to make all 2 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful three or four times a 
 day, 
 
 or, 
 
 Put \]/ z ounces of Fellows' Syrup of Hypo- 
 phosphites into a 4-ounce bottle and nil the 
 bottle with Maltine. Mix by shaking together, 
 and give one teaspooful at meal time and one 
 at bedtime. Give small doses oftener, if 
 needed. 
 
 FALSE MEASLES.-— Also called German Measles, Rotkeln, 
 Roseola, etc. — This is a trivial affection, resembling measles, but 
 lacking the pronounced catarrhal and other severe symptoms. No 
 complications arise and no ill effects follow it. The patient may 
 feel mildly indisposed for a day or two before the rash appears — 
 perhaps has a sore throat and a mild fever. The eruption appears 
 first on the upper part of the body in red dots. By the time it 
 reaches the limbs it is beginning to fade where it first made 
 its appearance. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 145 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give first a cathartic, and follow with either the Sulpho- 
 carbolates or Salol in the proper dose four times a day — after 
 meals and at bedtime. A dose of either for a child five years old 
 would be 2 grains. Restrict the diet, give an abundance of pure 
 water, secure good ventilation and prevent taking cold. 
 
 Note. — There are those who believe Measles and German Measles are 
 the same disease — that the so-called German Measles are but a mild form of 
 Measles proper. 
 
 SCARLATINA, or, (as commonly called), SCARLET 
 FEVER. — This is usually a disease of childhood, although grown 
 people may have it, and even die of it. It is an acute inflamma- 
 tion of the skin and mucous membrane, characterized by a diffused 
 scarlet flush and rash covering more or less of the whole body and 
 extending along the mucous membrane of the mouth, throat, air 
 tubes of the lungs, digestive tract, middle ear, the collecting tubes 
 of the kidneys, etc. 
 
 Three varieties of scarlet fever are recognized, and it may be 
 said in this connection that if the child's system is unhealthy 
 before the attack, whether from bad surroundings, improper 
 nourishment, constitutionally or otherwise, the disease is more 
 likely to assume a malignant type. 
 
 Scarlatina Simple. — This is a light form with no compli- 
 cations. 
 
 Scarlatina Angina. — This name is given to a variety where 
 the symptoms are all increased, especially those of the throat. In 
 this variety the swelling and pressure of the throat structures 
 cause great pain, the patient swallowing with the greatest diffi- 
 culty. The swelling may be so great as to shut off the circulation 
 and produce local death — gangrene. This is the condition present 
 in the disease called Black Diphtheria. This, however, seldom 
 occurs. 
 
 Scarlatina Malignant. This is a form in which the 
 condition is still more grave. The eruption is delayed, nervous 
 disturbances are marked, and the pulse is rapid and feeble due to 
 weakness from the poison in the system. 
 
 The circulation being feeble, the surface of the body receives 
 
 but little blood, the skin is pale, and there is little or no rash. 
 
 The temperature may be below normal, and collapse and death 
 
 may soon follow. If eruption occurs in this variety, it may be in 
 
 patches and of a purplish hue, showing that the circulation is 
 
 sluggish. There is no distinct dividing line between the three 
 
 forms of scarlatina. They may merge one into another as day 
 
 passes into night. The malignant form seldom occurs. 
 10 
 
146 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Following are the symptoms of scarlet fever, yet 
 it should be remembered that some of the symptoms may be 
 absent, and some or all may be so modified as to render the case 
 doubtful. 
 
 Scarlet fever begins suddenly, sometimes with a chill or chill- 
 iness. With children there may be convulsions; these are more 
 liable to occur in weak children. There is frequently nausea and 
 vomiting, though this is not severe. High fever is one of the 
 early symptoms. The glands of the neck are swollen, the throat 
 is red and inflamed and the tongue coated. There is frequently 
 delirium, but this is usually mild and lasts but a short time. 
 
 The rash. — In twenty-four to thirty-six hours there is a 
 bright rash, first appearing in the roof of the mouth, on the 
 tongue, face, neck or breast, and spreading rapidly over the body. 
 The rash first appears as a scarlet flush, with pin-point eruptions. 
 These are not perceptibly raised, and the inflammation extends 
 between them, so there is no healthy skin where the rash appears. 
 The rash is intensified by heat. With its appearance the patient 
 may suffer from a burning sensation over the whole or parts of 
 the body. The throat is also more painful; the tongue is heavily 
 coated, the papillae of the tongue are elevated, and both the 
 papillae and border of the tongue are of a bright red. 
 
 On the fourth or fifth day the fever declines and the eruption 
 fades. If there has been but little rash, the eruption may fade 
 earlier. From the sixth to the eighth day scaling of the outer 
 skin commences; this continues for one week or more. In mild 
 cases scaling is not perceptible. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — If the disease is prevalent, 
 or the child has been exposed, when he commences to complain 
 or the parent thinks he is coming down with it, begin giving 
 warm drinks so as to bring out the rash as quickly as possible. 
 Some herb tea is the best thing. If the rash is at all delayed, send 
 immediately for the doctor; or if the child is taken violently ill, 
 for instance, has convulsions, it is best to call the doctor at once. 
 
 The rash appears first in the roof of the mouth. As soon as 
 it appears on the surface the best thing that can be done is to 
 grease the child all over, from the hair to the soles of the feet 
 and the inside of the hands, with the rind of bacon or other 
 smoked meats. Do this about twice a day, night and morning, 
 and be sure to exclude the air while doing it so that a chill will 
 not result. If no smoked meat is at hand, the rind of salt pork 
 may be used, but it is not so good on account of the creosote con- 
 tained in the smoked article. The rind should be held by a stove 
 or grate and warmed before applying. The fleshy or greasy side, 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 147 
 
 of course, is the side to apply. This stops the intense itching and 
 is one of the best remedies that can be used. Or Sweet Oil or 
 Vaseline, which make a more agreeable application, may be used 
 instead. 
 
 No other children should be allowed to communicate with 
 the patient. The disease may also be carried in clothing, in the 
 hair of adults or in the hair of a dog with which the child has 
 played, especially when peeling. 
 
 How to Help the Doctor. — Frequent bathing with water 
 slightly warm will aid largely in controlling fever and producing 
 a feeling of quiet. Bathing also helps to control burning and 
 itching. Cover lightly in bed, and give abundance of fresh air 
 and pure cold water; or lemonade may be given, and is greatly 
 desired by some children. For the digestive tract, attend to the 
 eliminations and give some mild disinfectant, as Salol, from 1 to 3 
 grains every two or three hours; or, in mild cases three times a 
 day would be enough. This dose is suitable up to five or six 
 years of age, and may be increased for older children. See if the 
 kidneys are active. If the fever is high, maintain a low, even 
 temperature. If the surface is cold and the skin pale, apply 
 external heat and give stimulants in the form of hot drinks to 
 produce sweating. This will aid in bringing out the rash. 
 
 A. Tincture of Aconite, y^ drop. Repeat every half hour 
 until skin becomes moist. Plenty of fresh air and pure water. — 
 
 (29.) 
 
 B. Give child a hot bath and put it to bed, keep it quiet and 
 call the doctor. — (38.) 
 
 If fever is high, give a cold sponge bath every one or 
 two hours. Keep bowels open, and give patient all the water he 
 can drink. If throat is sore, use gargle or spray of: 
 
 Boracic Acid 1% drachms. 
 
 Peroxide of Hydrogen 4 ounces. 
 
 Rub patient with Olive Oil twice daily. — (61). 
 
 What Scarlet Fever May Be Followed With.— The 
 
 majority of those having scarlet fever make a rapid and complete 
 recovery. Occasionally, however, the child is left with some 
 chronic affection. Chronic inflammation of the middle ear may 
 follow; or an abscess may farm in the middle ear during the pro- 
 gress of the disease. This usually breaks through the outer 
 membrane and discharges externally, though it may in rare 
 instances penetrate to and cause abscess of the brain. Inflammation 
 of the ear without abscess may result in more or less deafness. 
 Chronic sore throat not infrequently follows the fever ; or it may 
 be followed with chronic inflammation of the eyelids, or inflam- 
 mation of the eyeball, causing blindness, or chronic diarrhea, 
 rheumatism, Bright' s disease, heart disease and dropsy. 
 
148 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 After-Effects, to Guard Against. — Intelligence should be 
 exercised along these lines, even without instructions from the 
 doctor. The mother's care and judgment should be sufficient to 
 meet indications of difficulty as they arise, and relieve all possi- 
 bility of chronic ailments following upon this disease. 
 
 Itching of the Skin in Scarlet Fever. — Under the treat- 
 ments for measles it is stated that the skin is sensitive for a 
 time. This condition applies more particularly to scarlet fever. 
 The scaling or peeling of the outer skin leaves the deeper layer 
 (true skin) more or less unprotected, and for this reason, as well 
 as to prevent taking cold, the child should be kept in a uniform 
 temperature. If there remains a sense of heat or itching, apply 
 pure Sweet Oil, or Vaseline containing five drops of Carbolic 
 Acid to the ounce. Either is harmless, and will usually over- 
 come the difficulty and render the condition one of quiet and 
 satisfaction. 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of the Kidneys.— Care should be 
 exercised for some time in feeding. Any evidence of indigestion 
 should be met with a more careful diet. The bowels should be 
 kept regular. Small doses of antiseptics should be given for ten 
 days or two weeks. For this purpose give 2 or 3 grains of Salol 
 three times a day. This may be given in pill or powder. It is 
 tasteless and a child will take it without difficulty. Give plenty 
 of pure water for some time after the disease, as this aids in 
 flushing the small blood vessels, and is really one of the best 
 means of preventing congestion or inflammation of the kidneys. 
 Evidence of indigestion may often be found in the urine. If it is 
 scanty or high-colored, or if there is ' 'brick dust" sediment, it is 
 evidence that the digestion is interfered with and that the kidneys 
 are called upon to do extra work in eliminating waste material. 
 This excess would have a tendency to precipitate Bright' s disease, 
 hence the need of attention at this particular time. 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of the Throat. — The throat should 
 be sprayed or gargled with Peroxide of Hydrogen diluted with 
 an equal amount of water. 
 
 Indication of Weak Heart. — If the child tires easily and 
 there is shortness of breath, it is an indication that the heart 
 needs strengthening. For this trouble give 2-drop or 3-drop 
 doses of Tincture of Digitalis three times a day. 
 
 If the child continues pale, it is evidence that too much blood 
 remains in the internal organs, and this increases the danger of 
 throat and kidney troubles. For this give from 3-drop to 5-drop 
 doses of the Tincture of Belladonna every three hours until the 
 skin is flushed and the color healthy. Repeat this treatment 
 whenever needed. If there is no change after a few doses, 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 149 
 
 increase the amount or give the same dose oftener. Remember 
 that as long as the circulation is uniform there is no danger of 
 inflammation or chronic after-effects, and there is no remedy 
 better suited to control the circulation than Belladonna. Also 
 remember that the pale face may be due, not so much to a lack 
 of circulation as to a lack of blood to circulate. Especial atten- 
 tion should always be given to nourishment in these cases. 
 
 MALARIAL FEVERS. 
 
 Malarial Fevers are supposed to be caused by an animal par- 
 asite which enters the system and passes its cycle of development, 
 or period of life, in the blood cells. The cycle of development 
 varies from twenty- four to seventy- two hours. The parasites 
 pass through the whole period of their existence in this time, at 
 the end of which the parent, or mature parasite, subdivides into 
 ten to twenty parasites, each one of which attacks a new blood 
 corpuscle to repeat the story of its parent's existence. The period 
 between the paroxysms of chills and fever corresponds to the life 
 period of the parasite in the blood. 
 
 The malarial parasite is hidden in countless millions in 
 marshy districts and decaying vegetable matter ready for entrance 
 into the human system. It is believed to be carried into the 
 system by water or by the air we breathe. Of late it has been 
 proven that mosquitoes, etc. , frequently carry the parasite. Hot 
 weather, hot climate and low elevation aid the spread of the 
 disease, while cold weather, cold climate and high elevation check 
 it almost entirely. 
 
 Under the head of malarial fevers may be classed Intermittent 
 (fever and ague), Remittent ', Relapsing, Typho- Malarial and 
 Pernicious. All of these fevers excepting intermittent fever, 
 however, may be due to bilious conditions as well as to malaria. 
 The evidence of malaria is the regular recurrence of the parox- 
 ysms of chills and fever. With this exception there is no distinct 
 dividing line between the fevers mentioned. Fever means poison 
 in the system, and, while primarily poison may be the effect or 
 result of bad air (malaria), it is also the effect and result of 
 retained waste. Unhealthy surroundings may institute the first 
 effect by producing a general morbid condition, thus rendering 
 all the organs sluggish. Tissue change — repair and waste — is 
 
150 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 interfered with. There is indigestion, thus increasing the amount 
 of eliminative work, but elimination is checked and gradually the 
 system is overcome. 
 
 The evidence of this condition manifests itself differently in 
 different individuals. With some the symptoms may appear 
 early, while with others they may be held in abeyance until the 
 system is so overpowered that they break forth with sudden and 
 overwhelming effect. This is more likely to be the result in the 
 strong and robust because their vitality is stronger. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same: elimination and tonics. Secure 
 thorough elimination by the bowels; keep the kidneys active, or, 
 if there is danger of congestion of these organs, apply hot poul- 
 tices across the back, changing them often; give plenty of pure 
 water; give frequent baths to insure free elimination by the skin; 
 rub the surface until it is in a bright glow, which will aid in 
 relieving congestion by equalizing the circulation; give nourish- 
 ing food; give intestinal antiseptics — from 2 to 10 grains of 
 Salol every two to four hours, according to age and condition of 
 the bowels. Offensive odor calls for more antiseptics; if odor is 
 absent, give less. 
 
 For internal treatment nothing is better than Quinine and 
 Fowler's Solution — 2 grains Quinine and 5 drops of Fowler's 
 Solution before meals and at bedtime. In severe cases this dose 
 may be increased. Fowler's Solution is only a means of giving 
 Arsenic. The solution contains one per cent of that drug. 
 Arsenic is eliminated by the skin, hence in the process of elimina- 
 tion it is brought intimately in contact with all the tissues. 
 Again, Arsenic has the power of protecting seven thousand 
 times its own weight of tissue from degenerative changes; in other 
 words, rendering the tissues healthy. Arsenic is also believed to 
 possess a special nutritive action on the heart. If digestion is 
 interfered with, be more careful about the diet, and, if needed, 
 give artificial digestants. 
 
 INTERMITTENT FEVER.— Consists of febrile attacks 
 at regular intervals, between which attacks the patient is free 
 from fever. It is commonly spoken of as " fever and ague," or 
 ' ' chills and fever. ' ' 
 
 Cause. — Intermittent fever is supposed to be due to the para- 
 site of malaria, as mentioned in the preceding description of 
 Malarial Fevers. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a succession of symptoms, which may 
 be divided into three stages, as follows: 
 
DISEASES AND TRBA TMENTS. 1 5 1 
 
 The Cold Stage. — The attack usually comes on with a pain in 
 the head and loins, a desire to yawn and stretch, and a coldness 
 of the extremities. These symptoms are followed by shivering, 
 which generally develops into violent shaking accompanied with 
 a chattering of the teeth. 
 
 The Hot Stage. — This stage follows the cold stage, and is 
 characterized by high fever. The change from the one to the 
 other is usually gradual, the chilly sensations being alternated 
 with flashes of heat until a fever is developed. The change, 
 however, may be quite sudden. The skin, which before was 
 pale, now becomes flushed and extremely hot and sensitive. A 
 severe pain in the head and intense thirst are marked symptoms 
 of this stage. 
 
 The Sweating Stage. — As the fever passes off the skin be- 
 comes moist, and this moisture increases, frequently, to a pro- 
 fuse sweat; the body returns to its normal temperature, the pains 
 and aches disappear, and the patient falls into a refreshing slum- 
 ber. He awakens free from any symptoms of the disease, but, 
 of course, more or less exhausted from the effects of the par- 
 oxysm. 
 
 There are variations from these symptoms. In the so-called 
 "dumb ague" the chill is slight or unnoticeable, but the other 
 symptoms are apparent. The attack may consist of any one of 
 the three stages — the chill, the fever or the profuse perspiration 
 — or there may be a regular recurrence of pain in some part of 
 the body, one side of the head or some feature of the face. The 
 regular return of such symptoms indicates malarial origin. 
 
 Ague Cake. — During the cold stage the blood is driven 
 inward from the surface and particularly oppresses the spleen, 
 which, in cases of long standing, becomes swollen and perma- 
 nently enlarged. This swelling may be distinctly felt, and is 
 often quite perceptible to the eye. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. A person need not be troubled with the ague very long 
 who will take the following remedy: 
 
 Quinine 1 drachm. 
 
 Capsicum 15 grains. 
 
 Iron ( f erri sub carbonus ) l / z drachm. 
 
 Have this mixed and put up in doses of 10 
 grains each, taking every four hours. Or, if it 
 is not put up in regular doses, take of the 
 mixture what you can hold on the point of a 
 case-knife every four hours. 
 
152 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Give 15 grains of Quinine five hours before the expected 
 attack. Give Fowler's Solution of Arsenic in 10-drop doses after 
 meals, also give 3 grains of Quinine at the same time. 
 
 C. Give 16 to 20 grains of Quinine at one dose five hours 
 before the expected chill, followed by smaller doses, say 3 grains 
 four times a day. — (51). 
 
 D. Quinine, three 5-grain doses taken every day till cured. 
 Also put a handful of rusty nails into a gallon jug of hard cider 
 and take a wineglassful after meals till all is taken. — (14). 
 
 E. Boneset tea; then Quinine to full effect — buzzing in the 
 head.— (6). 
 
 F. Open bowels freely with Compound Cathartic pills. Give 
 3 -grain Quinine capsules every three hours till chills are broken, 
 then give 3 grains two or three times a day for a week. Keep 
 bowels open freely every day. — (13). 
 
 G. Quinine Sulphate in 2-grain doses every three hours. 
 
 In malaria the next best thing to Quinine is a thorough 
 elimination bath every other day. — (42). 
 
 H. Adults should be treated with Quinine Sulphate at the 
 rate of one grain for every hour in the 24 for about two days. 
 Best administered by the mouth in 4 to 6 grain doses. After the 
 paroxysms are broken, preventive doses of 1 or 2 grains three 
 times daily should be administered along with Iron tonics to 
 restore the blood. — (31). 
 
 I. Take Quinine, 5 grains every four hours, commencing as 
 soon as the sweating stage comes on, Open bowels freely with 
 cathartic — best Compound Cathartic pills, three at a dose. After 
 chills are broken the following pills: 
 
 Strychnine Sulphate 1 grain. 
 
 Arsenous Acid 1 " 
 
 Quinine Sulphate 1 drachm. 
 
 Extract of Gentian enough to make pill mass. 
 Divide into 30 pills. 
 
 A pill after each meal. Quinine should be stopped after 
 chills are broken, but taken again as above on the 6th, 7th, 13th, 
 14th, 20th and 21st days. — (35). 
 
 REMITTENT or Bilious FEVER.— Remittent Fever and 
 Intermittent Fever have a succession of paroxysms that are nearly 
 identical, the differentiation being in the third stage of the 
 paroxysm, which in the one is remittent and in the other intermit- 
 tent. Remittent fever is the more severe. The bilious fever 
 mentioned here is not to be confounded with the condition known 
 as biliousness. 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 153 
 
 Cause. — The malarial parasite; or changes from heat to cold, 
 by which the secretions are lessened, or checked; are supposed to 
 be the causes of derangement in the liver and other organs by 
 which a large amount of bile is retained in the system, causing 
 this variety of fever. It is generally quite mild in the North, 
 especially where the general surface of the land is dry and rolling; 
 but in the South, and where the general surface of the land is 
 low and flat, it is severe, and often of a congestive or pernicious 
 character. 
 
 Symptoms. — Remittent fever begins with a chill and pain or 
 uneasiness in the upper part of the abdomen. The chill is fol- 
 lowed by a hot stage during which there is persistent vomiting, 
 also pain in the head and limbs. The temperature rises, some- 
 times to such a degree as to be attended with delirium. The bowels 
 are costive, the evacuations being dark-colored and ill-smelling, 
 and the urine is high-colored and scanty. The skin has a jaun- 
 diced appearance. The hot stage in the remittent form lasts 
 considerably longer than in the intermittent form, sometimes con- 
 tinuing for twenty-four hours. As in intermittent fever, the hot 
 stage is succeeded by a sweating stage, but in the remittent form, 
 as indicated by the name, there is a remission of the febrile symp- 
 toms only; the fever does not entirely abate and the sweating 
 is very slight. A second chill does not usually occur, but after 
 two to eight or ten hours the hot stage again returns, and is 
 succeeded, as at first, by a remission. The disease usually runs 
 from seven to fourteen days. 
 
 Treatments. 
 
 What to Do Before Calling a Doctor. — First give an active 
 cathartic, and if there is evidence of undigested food in the 
 stomach, give an emetic to vomit the patient. An excellent remedy 
 to follow with is a tea made of Pleurisy root (see chapter on herbs) . 
 Take the roots of this herb and crush them if dry, or break them 
 if green, put them into a dish, pour boiling water on them and 
 let them simmer, and have the patient drink freely of this tea 
 until he is sweating well. Continue to keep the bowels open, 
 and give 10 grains of Salol four times a day; also give 5 
 drops of Fowler's Solution together with 3 grains of Quinine 
 three times a day. After 24 to 48 hours give plain, nourishing 
 and easily digested food in rather limited amounts for a few 
 days. 
 
 If there is no improvement under this treatment, a doctor 
 should be called. 
 
 A. Antikamnia and Quinine Tablets, 10 of them. 
 
 Give one every three hours. — (20) . 
 
1 54 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TYPHO-MALARIAL FEVER.— It not infrequently 
 happens in a case of remittent fever that the remissions cease and 
 the fever becomes continuous. When this occurs the patient 
 becomes greatly prostrated, either lying in a stupor or being 
 delirious. His condition resembles that of a typhoid patient, 
 hence the name, typho-malarial. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 We think that no case of remittent fever would, under the 
 treatment recommended under that head, run into a typhoid 
 form. If it did, other treatment than that recommended by a 
 physician who was in personal attendance would hardly be of 
 avail. 
 
 RELAPSING FEVER.— This fever, as its name indicates, 
 is characterized by relapses. It is also known as Bilious Typhoid 
 Fever; also as Famine Fever, from the fact that the conditions of 
 poverty, filth and overcrowding are favorable to it, and that it is 
 frequently the accompaniment of famine. During the course of 
 the fever the blood contains organisms of spiral form that keep 
 constantly twisting, a sort of cork-screw movement, from which 
 the disease is also known as Spirillum Fever. 
 
 Symptoms. — The onset may be abrupt or gradual. There is 
 high fever, the temperature rising progressively until about the 
 sixth day. During this time there is nausea and vomiting, also 
 pain in the head and limbs, particularly in the calf of the leg. 
 The liver and spleen become swollen, giving rise to a feeling of 
 fullness, and jaundice is usually present. On the seventh day, or 
 from the fifth to the seventh day, the fever ends about as abruptly 
 as it began, but returns again about the fourteenth day. There 
 may be several such relapses. The patient becomes greatly 
 emaciated and recovery is tedious. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for a doctor. In 
 the meantime move the bowels with injections, soak the feet in 
 warm water, put to bed and, if possible, get to sweating. If 
 there is any delay in getting the doctor, the following treatment 
 may be resorted to: Count out 10 teaspoonfuls of water, put into a 
 glass, add 30 drops of Tincture of Aconite, and take of the solu- 
 tion a teaspoonful every four hours. Alternate this with Quinine 
 in 3 grain doses, giving the Aconite and Quinine two hours apart. 
 
 General Treatment. — Iyike other lingering fevers, Relapsing 
 Fever is largely influenced by surroundings. All fevers of this 
 kind must be treated on general principles. Drug medication is 
 subordinate. First, attend to the surroundings. Remember the 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 1 5 5 
 
 cellar, well, drains, offensive cess-pools, dark and illy ventilated 
 sleeping rooms, quality of food, etc. Give all of these proper 
 attention. Put the patient into a large, well- ventilated room; 
 secure thorough action of the bowels; give a bath every day ; 
 give properly cooked, easily digested and nourishing food every 
 two to four hours, according to the strength of the patient; give 
 10 grains of Salol, or of the Sulphocarbolates, three times 
 a day, or, if odor of eliminations is bad, give every two hours 
 until natural, then three times a day; and give of the following 
 one tablespoonful four times a day: 
 
 Fowler's Solution iy 2 drachms. 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 4 ounces. 
 Maltine. or a good extract of milk. 8 " 
 Mix, by shaking the bottle. 
 
 We read and hear much about prophylactic remedies or 
 medicines ( meaning medicines to preserve against disease ) , but 
 as preventive measures there is absolutely no treatment and no 
 remedies equal to the foregoing. Every one can institute pre- 
 ventive measures of this kind, and prevention will relieve the 
 necessity of treatment. 
 
 It is stated elsewhere in this work that, lying just beneath 
 the skin and covering the whole outer surface of the body is a 
 dense network of vessels capable of holding one-half the blood in 
 the system; and that the lungs contain six hundred million air 
 cells whose combined surface is more than seven times greater 
 than the whole outer surface of the body. This is indisputable 
 evidence that the Divine Architect designed an abundance of 
 fresh air and free surface circulation. Again, the tissues of the 
 body contain phosphorous. If exposed to the air, phosphorous 
 immediately unites and spontaneous combustion is the result, 
 producing great heat. The brain is estimated to contain one 
 ounce of this element. One-fifth of all the blood goes to nourish 
 the brain, hence one-fifth of all the oxygen absorbed from the air 
 we breathe is carried direct to the brain and unites with the 
 phosphorous contained there in order that our thoughts may 
 breathe and our words may burn. The presence of so large an 
 amount of phosphorous in the brain and the readiness with 
 which it unites with oxygen, is another evidence that Nature has 
 designed that we should exercise freely in the open air, and that 
 our lungs should be capable of full expansion in order that we 
 may inhale an abundance of oxygen. This keeps the fire burn- 
 ing, sends a glow to the cheek, a fire to the eye, and lights up 
 the whole countenance with an expression that medicine does not, 
 cannot give. 
 
 A former health officer of Philadelphia stated publicly that 
 he never met a case of malignant disease where the conditions could 
 
1 56 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 not be traced to bad hygienic surroundings. We do not wish to dwell 
 too long upon this subject, but if we can impress our readers with 
 the fact that the foregoing is a safeguard against disease, espe- 
 cially malignant disease, we shall feel that our effort has not 
 been in vain. With proper hygiene and physical training \ the word 
 1 ' malignant ' ' would soon disappear from our text books. 
 
 PERNICIOUS FEVER— CONGESTIVE FEVER.— 
 This fever, as its name indicates, is of a malignant character. It 
 is an intense variety of malarial fever, and may be either remit- 
 tent or intermittent. A case of either may suddenly develop the 
 malignant form. Pernicious fever is also known as Congestive 
 Fever y the chill with which it is ushered in being spoken of as a 
 congestive chill. It is due to a high degree of malarial poison. 
 
 Symptoms. — As stated in the foregoing, simple remittent or 
 intermittent fever may develop into the malignant, or pernicious, 
 form; and, in the majority of cases, the first succession of cold, 
 hot and sweating stages is of the ordinary type. 
 
 Pernicious fever is characterized by severe congestion of some 
 internal part, and the symptoms vary according to the location 
 of the congestion. Not infrequently the congestion affects two 
 sets of organs, the symptoms characteristic of each being com- 
 bined. There are, however, general symptoms characteristic of 
 most cases- For instance, there is great restlessness, a cold, 
 clammy surface with raging internal fever and intense thirst, 
 features shrunken and countenance anxious; pulse weak except 
 in cerebral variety (where brain is congested) . 
 
 If the stomach and bowels are the seat of the congestion, 
 there is nausea, vomiting, straining and purging, the evacuations 
 being thin and mixed with blood. 
 
 In the thoracic variety (the congestion affecting the organs of 
 the chest) there is difficulty in breathing, the patient gasping for 
 air and troubled with an annoying cough. 
 
 If the brain is congested, the patient is wildly delirious, the 
 delirium being succeeded with convulsions and a state of stupor 
 not unlike that of apoplexy, the breathing being slow and ster- 
 torous (snoring), the pulse full and the countenance flushed or 
 livid. 
 
 There is another variety, beginning with either of the simple 
 forms, in which internal congestion is developed affecting both 
 the organs of the chest and the abdomen. There is nausea, vomit- 
 ing, quick, short breathing, and pain over the liver and kidneys. 
 These symptoms continue for a few hours, when the skin sud- 
 denly turns yellow, followed by the passing of bloody urine. 
 After this there is the abatement of symptoms characteristic of 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 57 
 
 all malarial fevers. This may be a remission or an intermission 
 according to the nature of the simple form from which it was 
 developed. 
 
 In still another variety the surface is intensely cold and cov- 
 ered with a cold sweat, while at the same time the patient, as he 
 expresses it, is "burning up inside" and suffers from intense 
 thirst. The voice is feeble and indistinct and the countenance 
 pinched and deathlike, but the mind remains clear. 
 
 It must not be supposed that in the malignant malarial form 
 there is a succession of paroxysms such as characterize the simple 
 form. It is the effort of the physician to prevent a second malig- 
 nant paroxysm, as the patient, with his reduced vitality, is very 
 likely to succumb to it; and a third malignant paroxysm is almost 
 invariably fatal. Indeed, it is not of infrequent occurrence that 
 death occurs during the first congestive chill before febrile reaction 
 has developed. After one malignant paroxysm, however, the 
 disease may be partially controlled so that succeeding paroxysms 
 which occur will be of the simple form. 
 
 It will be readily apparent after a study of the causes of 
 malignant malarial, or pernicious, fever, and the gravity of the 
 disease, that even a simple case of fever and ague, or chills and 
 fever, should not be permitted to go without treatment, as the 
 malignant form may be lurking in the virus of the simplest case 
 if no counteracting agent is employed. 
 
 Pernicious, or Malignant, Fever, does not often occur, and 
 when it does it is evidence that bad hygiene has existed for some 
 time. It is also evidence that there has been a lack of intestinal 
 sanitation. It means, in a word, that the individual was loaded 
 with poison before the disease came on. Perfect digestion and 
 elimination will relieve the danger of Pernicious Fever. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor 
 immediately, and in the meantime do everything possible to get 
 the patient out of the chill. Soak the feet in hot water, into 
 which may be thrown a tablespoonful of soda and a little handful 
 of salt. Bathe to the knees, rub thoroughly, and put to bed. 
 Give warm drinks, and put around the patient bottles of hot 
 water, hot bricks, or stones heated hot; or take ears of corn, boil 
 them up, take them out of the water, roll them up and put around 
 the patient. In a congestive chill the surface is dark colored or 
 purple, and unless the chill can be broken up, death results. 
 
 If the Doctor is Delayed. — If for any reason the doctor cannot 
 or does not come, the treatment should be continued after the 
 chill is broken. Elimination, fresh air, and a nourishing diet are 
 the keynotes in conditions of this kind. Keep the bowels active. 
 
158 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Give no article of food that disagrees with the digestion. Rice 
 boiled for three hours, soft cooked eggs, beaten raw eggs in milk, 
 dry toast, oatmeal boiled for three hours and strained, using only 
 the liquid part, meat broths, vegetables boiled and strained, using 
 only the liquid part — any of these are valuable. Give 10 grains 
 of Salol three times a day. If the eliminations give offensive 
 odor, give the Salol every two hours for one day, and at frequent 
 intervals for a longer time if necessary. Give a hot bath every 
 day, and each time sweat the patient profusely. Give a -j-^-grain 
 of Sulphate of Atropine one hour before taking the daily 
 bath. Provide good ventilation. An abundance of fresh air is 
 of the utmost importance. Give 3-grain doses of Quinine four 
 times a day. The following mixture should also be given: 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 
 
 Nitro-Muriatic Acid 4 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 4 " 
 
 Take one teaspoonful after meals. 
 
 A. The object is to get up a ; e action, and all efforts must be 
 directed to this end, and that too with all possible speed. 
 
 First. — It is not amiss in any chill to put the patient's feet 
 into hot water, as hot as it can be borne; but in a congestive chill 
 it is almost absolutely necessary to place the whole body into hot 
 water, keeping it as hot as it can be endured without scalding, 
 for 20 to 30 minutes; but if there is no bathing convenience in 
 the house, have sheets wrung out of hot water and wrapped 
 around the whole body, then hot irons, bricks, or stones, or boiled 
 ears of corn, or small bags of corn, or oats, placed all around the 
 patient, to get up and keep up as much heat as possible until the 
 chill is overcome and reaction established; at the same time give 
 strong tea of Cayenne, Ginger, or even Black Pepper as freely 
 as can be and if there is Quinine in the house, or near, give 
 three or four doses of 4 to 6 grains every half hour. Rubbing 
 one hand and arm, and one foot and leg at a time with Cayenne, 
 or Mustard, if help is at hand, would be of great assistance also 
 in re-establishing the circulation. 
 
 Second. — After the patient has revived and the difficulty 
 passes off, give at least 3-grain doses of Quinine every three or 
 four hours, to prevent the return of the chill, which is fully as 
 likely to return as in common ague; and also continue a tonic and 
 cleansing course of treatment for several days to aid in re-estab- 
 lishing general health, and thereby keep off the disease; but, in 
 case of the continuation, or return of the chill, the treatment will 
 be the same, following closely with mild cathartics, tonics, etc. — 
 
 (75). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 159 
 
 Fever Summary. — Fevers given under so many different 
 names or headings are confusing, therefore we wish to remind the 
 reader that, with the exception of malaria, all fevers, regardless 
 of their name or nature, are the result of the same cause — an 
 unhealthy system. They are but different stages or different 
 manifestations of the same diseased condition, and the treatment 
 is the same, with the exception that some require less and others 
 more. As the diseased condition continues, some organ, tissue or 
 part less able to withstand the morbid effects, becomes debilitated 
 and weakened until it presents evidence of a special or separate 
 disease, after which it is given some particular name. It may be 
 typhoid fever or abscess of the liver, enlarged spleen or consump- 
 tion of the lungs. Fever is present in these and many other 
 diseases, yet all might have been prevented if the directions for 
 General Treatment under Relapsing Fever had been thoroughly 
 applied. Such treatment does not belong especially to relapsing 
 fever, but belongs to any and all conditions where the general 
 health is interfered with. 
 
 FEVER SORE. — A fever sore is an ulceration of bone. 
 For description and treatment see under Bone Diseases. The 
 following treatment has also been recommended. 
 
 Such a sore often breaks out on the shin of children after a 
 fever. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Fresh Butter 1 pound. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc 1 ounce. 
 
 Iodoform 1 scruple. 
 
 Work the mixture with a knife, or something 
 of the kind, to get, the Zinc and Iodoform 
 mixed thoroughly through the butter. Spread 
 a little on linen and cover the sore. 
 
 Compound Stillingia Syrup 4 ounces. 
 
 Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 
 
 Take from ^ to 1 teaspoonful three times a 
 day, depending upon the age. This will act as 
 an antiseptic to the blood and aid in healing 
 the sore. Unless something is taken for the 
 blood, the sore will not heal. 
 
 The treatments recommended under Fungus Disease would 
 also be applicable here. See Fungus Disease. 
 
 FISH SKIN DISEASE.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 FISSURE. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 
 
 FISTULA. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 
 
I0 b PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 FITS.— (See Convulsions) . 
 
 FLOODING.— (See under Women's Diseases). 
 
 FRECKLES.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 FUNGUS DISEASE. — Fungus is a spongy, morbid 
 growth or granulation in animal bodies, as the proud flesh of 
 wounds or some forms of cancer growth that break out. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment of fungus growths consists of the local appli- 
 cations of caustics. Under the head of Caustics in the Miscel- 
 laneous Department will be found a number of such remedies. 
 
 The following is also recommended: 
 
 A. Sulphuric Acid i ounce. 
 
 Nitric Acid % " 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate ]i " 
 
 Mix, by first putting the Sulphuric Acid into 
 a porcelain dish and then carefully adding the 
 Nitric Acid. When the effervescence ceases 
 and it becomes cold, put into a strong bottle 
 and add the Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 This is a fine thing for destroying proud flesh and for dress- 
 ing all lacerated or bruised wounds. Cuts and penetrating 
 wounds may be treated by dipping a feather into this solution 
 and drawing into the wound. Of course this treatment would 
 not be needed in the case of a healthy wound, but will be found 
 most excellent for indolent and sloughing wounds or sores that 
 show no tendency to heal. 
 
 After a thorough application of the foregoing , the wound should 
 be washed out with pure water. Where sores of this kind exist, it 
 is evidence that constitutional treatment is also needed. 
 
 B. Carbolic Acid, full strength, applied daily. — (7). 
 
 GALL-STONES. — This is a disease of middle life, and 
 more common in those of corpulent figure. 
 
 Cause. — Crystallization of certain properties of the bile, 
 which form the nucleus (beginning) of a gall-stone. Other par- 
 ticles from time to time adhere to this nucleus until finally a stone 
 is formed which sometimes reaches the size of a hickory nut. So 
 long as gall-stones remain in the gall bladder they occasion no 
 inconvenience and their presence remains unsuspected, unless 
 they become so large as to produce ulceration, in which case 
 local peritonitis is likely to occur. Usually, however, they are 
 discharged through the duct which leads from the gall bladder 
 to the intestine. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 161 
 
 Symptoms. — The instant a gall-stone passes into the biliary 
 duct, which is small and consequently stretched and drawn by 
 the passage of the stone, the patient is seized with a piercing 
 pain in the region of the gall bladder. The pain spreads over the 
 abdomen, the muscles of which cramp and become sensitive to 
 the touch, and extends to the right side and shoulder. Nausea 
 and vomiting usually occur, and the agony may be so great that 
 the patient faints or is thrown into convulsions. Remissions 
 from the violence of the pain may take place, but the patient does 
 not experience entire relief until the passage of the stone into the 
 intestine is effected; this may be accomplished in from one to 
 several hours, or may take several days. When the stone is dis- 
 charged into the intestine, which is larger than the biliary duct, 
 the pain ceases and only a soreness and exhaustion remain. 
 Remission of pain may also be experienced by the stone falling 
 back into the gall bladder. 
 
 On account of the stoppage of the flow of bile during the 
 passage of a stone, jaundice is caused. Even after the passage 
 of a small stone, which has been effected in an hour or two, the 
 skin will have a slightly yellow appearance, which, however, 
 soon disappears. 
 
 In our experience we met one case of gall-stones which had 
 evidently formed in the gall duct, not in the gall bladder. There 
 were five of these stones, and the duct had gradually distended 
 until it had reached enormous proportions and presented itself 
 against the abdominal wall in the form of a large tumor. An 
 operation revealed a duct \% inches in diameter and about 6 
 inches long. Adhesions had drawn the duct forward, tense and 
 firm, hence the appearance of the tumor. The greater part of 
 the duct was removed, the wound closed and the patient recov- 
 ered. If a stone forms in the gall bladder and is too large for 
 passage through the duct, inflammation may follow and the gall 
 bladder become adherent to the digestive tract, that is, the gall 
 bladder and the bowel grow together. Ulceration may follow, 
 and the stone be discharged into the bowel through the track of 
 the ulcer. This seldom occurs. 
 
 Treatments.— 
 
 What to Do. — In cases of gall-stones, for immediate relief 
 give Olive Oil — the pure, genuine oil. If one is subject to this 
 distressing complaint, Olive Oil should be kept on hand, and 
 when the trouble comes on, take tablespoonful doses of it every 
 two or three hours until relieved. Consult a doctor for the treat- 
 ment applicable to the case. 
 
 A. Drink a gill of Olive Oil a day for a month. — (14). 
 11 
 
l62 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. To relieve pain: 
 
 Chloroform 2 drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Capsicum x / z " 
 
 laudanum 1 " 
 
 Spirits Camphor 1 " 
 
 Good Wine 3 " 
 
 Mix, and take 10 drops every hour or two 
 in water.— (53). 
 
 C. Take one teaspoonful of Sodium Phosphate in glass of 
 warm water an hour before each meal and at bedtime. — (46). 
 
 D. Phosphate of Soda, teaspoonful in glass of hot water two 
 or three times daily, long continued, has been more satisfactory 
 than anything else. — (45). 
 
 E. A teaspoonful of Epsom Salts every two hours until the 
 bowel is emptied. Paregoric in teaspoonful doses every half hour 
 until pain is relieved. Operation is indicated when the surround- 
 ings are favorable. — (9). 
 
 F. Five drops of Chloroform three or four times a day for 
 months; also, best Sweet Oil two teaspoonfuls three times a day. 
 The above to prevent the formation of biliary stones. — (8). 
 
 G. This disease, when it occurs, produces such intense pain 
 and suffering that, aside from our own experience, we have con- 
 sulted those high in authority, and in offering the following 
 remedy we will say that we believe it to be the best treatment 
 that can be administered in these cases: 
 
 Valerianate of Strychnine -^ grain. 
 
 Glonoin T $ T " 
 
 Hyoscyamine ?\-$ " 
 
 The above makes one dose, and the dose 
 should be given, either in capsule or pill form, 
 every thirty minutes until the face flushes. 
 
 The Strychnine stimulates muscular contraction and aids in 
 forcing the stone through the duct, or canal, into the bowel. The 
 action of the Hyoscyamine harmonizes with the Strychnine by 
 relaxing the muscular spasms brought on by the pain. The 
 Hyoscyamine also dilates the small arteries all over the body and 
 allows the blood to flow away from the congested gall bladder. 
 This aids in relieving the pressure and pain. The Glonoin aids 
 in dilating the arteries and acts as a powerful heart stimulant, 
 thus strengthening the patient and preventing fainting or col- 
 lapse, which is liable to occur. With this treatment, if it is still 
 found necessary to use Morphine for the relief of pain, the amount 
 required will be comparatively small. 
 
 The foregoing remedies are decidedly tonic in their general 
 effect, and this fact, together with the relief from the trouble and 
 small amount of Morphine used, will result in a rapid and most 
 satisfactory cure. — (62) . 
 
# 
 
 
 No- *5. 
 
 i, 2, 3, Arteries. 4, Veins. 5, Nerves. 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 163 
 
 GANGRENE, or MORTIFICATION.— Gangrene is the 
 
 death of a part from lack of nutrition. It is a putrefactive 
 change occurring in a dead limb, or in any dead tissue. Either 
 gangrene or mortification means death. Gangrene is understood 
 to mean death of a part in a live body, while mortification is a 
 term more often applied to a dead body. 
 
 Cause. — Gangrene may result from either too high or too low 
 a temperature, as a burn or freezing. It may also result from a 
 strangulated hernia, or any condition where the circulation is 
 shut off. It may result from injury, erysipelas, diabetes or old 
 age. The last two forms depend upon constitutional conditions. 
 The other varieties depend upon local causes. 
 
 Constitutional Gangrene depends upon systemic disease, 
 such as diseased arteries, or diabetes. 
 
 Senile (or Dry) Gangrene, which is also constitutional, is 
 a drying up or shrinking of a part from poor circulation. This 
 form is usually met with in the aged, and is due to a weak heart. 
 There is but little interference with the venous (return) circula- 
 tion; the trouble is, there is but little blood sent to the part, and 
 with good drainage the part becomes dry and dies. This form is 
 comparatively harmless. 
 
 Moist Gangrene results from external injury, or from 
 inflammation where circulation and nutrition are suddenly 
 checked and the part dies. In this case there is no opportunity 
 for drainage and the moisture remains. This is a very dangerous 
 form. When occurring from injury if the inflammation is exten- 
 sive, as in a bruised or mangled leg, it may first appear in the 
 foot or lower part of the limb and extend toward the body so 
 rapidly that in a few hours dark spots may cover the surface in 
 many places. If it reaches the body, the case is hopeless. 
 Surgical interference is the only treatment for this form of 
 gangrene. 
 
 Embolic Gangrene is due to a sudden plugging of an artery 
 with a blood clot, shutting off the supply of blood and nourish- 
 ment. 
 
 Hospital Gangrene results from bad hygiene and lack of 
 antiseptics. This form is now seldom heard of. 
 
 Phlegmonous Gangrene results from erysipelas. Where 
 the disease affects the different structures, death of the tissues 
 results from pressure due to swelling. 
 
 Symptoms of Dry Gangrene. — In senile gangrene, or gangrene 
 of old age, there is a weak heart, poor circulation and diseased 
 arteries. The disease usually occurs in the part farthest distant 
 from the heart, as the foot or hand, because the circulation is 
 
1 64 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 more feeble there. The first symptom may be a sensation of 
 coldness or numbness of the part. Any slight accident or injury 
 may cause inflammation which is out of proportion to the injury. 
 Sooner or later a dark spot appears, a blister may form and a little 
 bloody fluid be discharged. In cases of this kind there are no 
 constitutional symptoms other than those that existed before. 
 There may be a sensation of heat and pain for a short time when 
 the disease first begins. When a large area, as an arm or a 'eg 
 dies, there will be fever, pain, sleeplessness, exhaustion and 
 rapid death. 
 
 Symptoms of Moist Gangrene. — When gangrene follows an 
 injury, there may be no symptoms until dark spots appear. 
 These spread rapidly. The part will be greatly swollen, and feels 
 soft and boggy from the contained fluid and formation of gases 
 resulting from decomposition. The odor is horrible. Gangrene 
 may result from tying a large artery in some operation. In this 
 case the symptoms would be as follows: The pulse is absent, the 
 limb becomes greatly swollen, the surface is cold, and blisters 
 containing a bloody fluid may appear. The pain is mostly confined 
 to the part where the artery was tied. In gangrene the adjoining 
 healthy tissue is greatly inflamed. This is the battle line between 
 the living and the dead; it is called the line of demarkation. It 
 is not present in gangrene resulting from accident, as described, 
 but is present in senile gangrene, and may occur in gangrene 
 caused by tying an artery, in which case amputation should be 
 made some distance above this line. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Dry Gangrene. — The treatment consists in keeping the part 
 clean, antiseptic dressing, such as cloths wet with Listorine laid 
 over the affected part, or the part sprinkled with Iodoform; good 
 food and tonics. If the disease shows a tendency to spread, apply 
 heat to the part. Amputations are not recommended in aged 
 people. 
 
 Moist Gangrene. — The treatment in moist gangrene following 
 injury is to amputate at once. The patient should receive the 
 most nourishing diet. Stimulants are required, and, later, tonics, 
 good ventilation, etc. 
 
 Phlegmo7ious Gangrene. - -For the treatment of gangrene fol- 
 lowing erysipelas, see Erysipelas. Phlegmonous. 
 
 Embolic Gangrene. — Usually occurs in the liver, lungs or 
 brain, hence is not amenable to treatment. Should it occur in 
 an arm or leg, wait for the line of demarkation, and, if extensive, 
 amputate the same as for gangrene resulting from tying an artery. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 165 
 
 Jfosfiital Gangrene. — This would require the same treatment 
 as for moist gangrene, or embolic gangrene, or for that form 
 resulting from tying an artery. Hospital gangrene, however, is 
 a form that is nearly extinct and needs no particular mention. 
 
 For Omphalitis, or Gangrene of Infants , also Cancrum Oris, or 
 Gangrene of the Mouth, see under Diseases of Children. 
 
 GIN LIVER. — (See under Liver, Diseases of). 
 
 GLANDERS— FARCY.— This is a contagious disease. 
 Primarily it affects the horse, but may be communicated to man. 
 At first the disease is confined to the mucous membrane of the 
 nose and air passages. It is accompanied by a pustular eruption 
 which causes profuse discharges. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is a specific ferment which sets up inflam- 
 matory changes in the mucous membrane and skin. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease commences with a catarrhal inflam- 
 mation and nodular (knotty) swelling of the mucous membrane 
 of the nose, and extends along the air passages. Suppuration 
 and ulceration of the nodules soon follow, and thus a purulent 
 nasal discharge is established. When the mucous membrane is 
 affected most, the disease is called Glanders; when the skin is 
 affected most, it is called Farcy. As the disease continues, how- 
 ever, these two conditions become more or less associated with 
 each other. First, the nodules form. These may be the size of 
 a pea, smaller or larger. They are poorly supplied with blood 
 vessels, hence soon degenerate. The degeneration is followed by 
 more or less suppuration. The odor of the discharge is foul, and 
 the ulcers show no tendency to heal. The glands of the neck 
 and other lymphatic structures are swollen. The poison from 
 the suppurative surfaces enters the blood and the whole system 
 becomes affected. There is inflammation of the skin, mucous 
 membrane of the air passages, stomach and digestive tract. 
 Abscesses form beneath the skin in the joints and in other struc- 
 tures. The condition is one of blood poisoning. Inflammation 
 of the skin may occur in large patches, and the inflamed area be 
 covered with large vesicles which soon turn into pustules, break 
 down and discharge. The disease usually runs a rapid course 
 and is generally fatal. However, there are said to be some cases 
 that are chronic; a chronic case usually recovers. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The treatment consists in rendering the ulcers as healthy 
 as possible, and in freeing the system of poison. The ulcerous 
 patches on the mucous membrane cannot be reached directly. 
 This renders the situation graver because there is constant absorp- 
 tion of poison from these surfaces. The bowels, kidneys and 
 
1 66 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 skin should be kept active in order to eliminate as much of the 
 poison as possible. Large doses of Fowler's Solution — 20 to 30 
 drops — should be taken four times a day, at meal time and on 
 going to bed; and 40-drop doses of Syrup of Iodide of Iron taken 
 between meals and at bedtime — three doses a day. The last dose 
 of each may be taken together. Salicylate of Soda in 20-grain 
 doses every three hours is also valuable; or take internally 3 or 4 
 drops of Carbolic Acid, well diluted with water, every three 
 hours, and also take ^ grain of Strychnine with each dose. 
 
 B. Nasal ulcers may be treated by snuffing up the nose 
 Iodoform and injections of Carbolic Acid or Nitrate of Silver. A 
 general tonic, nutritious diet and abundance of pure air and water 
 are of the greatest importance. Alcoholic stimulants have been 
 used with advantage. Ulcers occurring externally may be treated 
 by the application of Carbolic Acid. 
 
 GLEET. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 
 
 GOITRE, BIG NECK, or BRONCHOCELE.— This is 
 
 an enlargement of a gland (thyroid) in the front of the neck. It 
 is an endemic disease, that is, peculiar to certain localities. It is 
 much more prevalent in some districts of Europe than anywhere 
 in America, yet there are few parts of the world where it may 
 not be found. It is sometimes cured by removal from a goitre 
 district, and it may be contracted by settling in such a district. 
 
 Cause. — It has never been ascertained just why certain local- 
 ities should be favorable to this affection, but it is believed to 
 occur in persons of a scrofulous tendency. 
 
 Symptoms. — The enlargement begins, usually in early life, as 
 a soft tumor, which increases in size, hardens in the course of 
 time, and generally becomes irregular in shape, the enlargement 
 on the right side being larger than that on the left. The growth 
 is unattended with pain, but after the tumor has attained a cer- 
 tain size it begins to press upon the windpipe and gullet, thus 
 interfering with breathing and swallowing and causing headaches 
 and other disagreeable feelings. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Wash externally with a solution of Tincture of Iodine 
 diluted in y 2 the amount of Alcohol. Repeat every evening until 
 it disappears. 
 
 B. Iodide of Potassium 2 drachms. 
 
 Iodine 1 " 
 
 Water 2^ ounces. 
 
 Mix, shake a few minutes and pour into 
 two vials, one for internal use and one for 
 external application. 
 
DISBASES AND TREATMENTS. 167 
 
 Internal Dose. — 5 to 10 drops, between meals, to be taken in 
 a little water. Do not take for two hours after eating. 
 
 External Applicatioji. — With a feather wet the enlargement 
 night and morning until the swelling disappears. — (69). 
 
 C. Paint the neck with Tincture of Iodine every second day. 
 -(7). 
 
 GONORRHEA.— (See Venereal Diseases). 
 
 GOUT. — This is a disease that exceeds rheumatism in the 
 severity of the pain occasioned, but instead of affecting the large 
 joints, it is confined usually to the smaller ones. The first joint 
 of the great toe is most frequently affected. 
 
 Cause. — The tendency to gout is generally inherited, but is 
 usually caused directly by high living or over-indulgence in wine 
 and malt liquors. Where the disease has been acquired by such 
 indulgences it does not make its appearance until after about 
 thirty-five years of age; if inherited, it may come on early in life. 
 Men more than women are subject to it. 
 
 Symptoms. — An acute attack may be preceded for several 
 days by a derangement of the digestive organs, especially a sour 
 stomach, but the gouty pain comes on suddenly, usually soon 
 after midnight. The pain is wrenchingly severe, and the part 
 hot, swollen and sensitive to the touch. The whole limb ( if it 
 is the toe joint that is attacked) is affected with swelling and 
 painful muscular contractions, and the veins are congested. The 
 patient has a chill at the beginning of the paroxysm, followed 
 with fever. There is an entire or partial remission of the symp- 
 toms about daylight, but they come on again at night, decreasing 
 in severity, however, until after a few days the patient becomes 
 convalescent. After recovery he is in better general health than 
 before the attack. 
 
 A second attack may not occur for three or four years, or 
 may occur in one year. After the first attack it is prone to 
 return, but of course much depends upon the manner of living. 
 The time between the second and third attack is less than 
 between the first and second, in fact, the time between each 
 succeeding attack lessens. 
 
 The characteristic of this disease is a deposit about the 
 affected joints of a chalky substance, which increases with each 
 attack until the joints present a knobby and deformed appear- 
 ance. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The patient should restrict himself in the matter of diet. 
 As a remedy, there is nothing better than Wintergreen. If the 
 wintergreens can be obtained, boil them up, make a strong tea, 
 
168 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 and drink freely. If not, take the Oil of Wintergreen, a few 
 drops on loaf sugar, three times a day. Or take a tea made of 
 Virginia Snake root and Wintergreen, equal parts. Another 
 excellent remedy is Black Cohosh, taken either in decoction or 
 tincture. 
 
 The great value of the Wintergreen Oil is found in the fact 
 that it contains a large percentage of Salicylic Acid, and this acid 
 is one of the most valuable remedies in all forms of gout or 
 rheumatism. It should not be given clear, however, as it is too 
 irritating. Salicylate of Soda is another safe way of administer- 
 ing Salicylic Acid. In either case the acid circulates in the 
 blood as a free agent, and is one of the best of all known remedies 
 to prevent fermentation and degenerative changes, which are 
 always more or less present in rheumatism and gout. 
 
 Salicylic Acid is eliminated by the kidneys, hence is a good 
 antiseptic to these organs and also to the bladder. 
 
 B. For Chronic Gout. — Take hot vinegar and put into it 
 all the table salt which it will dissolve, and bathe the parts affected 
 with a soft piece of flannel. Rub in with the hand, and dry the 
 part by the fire. Repeat this operation four times in the 24 hours, 
 15 minutes each time, for four days; then twice a day for the 
 same period; then once, and follow this rule whenever the symp- 
 toms show themselves at any future time. 
 
 The philosophy of the above formula is as follows: Chronic 
 gout proceeds from the obstruction of the free circulation of the 
 blood (in the parts affected) by the deposit of a chalky substance, 
 which is generally understood to be a carbonate and phosphate of 
 lime. Vinegar and salt dissolve these, and the old chronic com 
 pound is broken up. The carbonate of lime, etc., become acetate 
 and muriate, and these, being soluble, are taken up by the 
 circulation and eliminated. This fact will be seen by the gouty 
 joints becoming less and less in bulk until they assume their 
 natural size. During this process the stomach and bowels should 
 be kept regulated by a gentle purgative. Abstinence from 
 alcoholic drinks; exercise in the open air, and especially in 
 the morning; free bathing of the whole surface; eating only 
 the plainest food; and occupying the time by study or useful 
 employment, are very desirable assistants. 
 
 C. Gout Tincture. — 
 
 Veratnim Viride )/ z ounce. 
 
 Opium % " 
 
 Wine y z pint. 
 
 Let stand for several days. 
 
 Dose. — 15 to 30 drops, according to the 
 robustness of the patient, at intervals of two 
 to four hours. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 169 
 
 A French officer introduced this remedy in gout some sixty 
 years ago, and it became so celebrated that, incredible as it seems, 
 it sold as high as from five to ten francs a dose. It is considered 
 valuable also in acute rheumatism. In gout it removes the 
 paroxysms, allays pain, reduces the pulse and abates fever, and 
 procures rest and sleep. — (68). 
 
 GRAVEL, or STONE.— (See under Kidnky Diseases). 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS.— (See under Women's Diseases). 
 
 GURGLING OF THE INTESTINES.— This is the 
 
 peculiar sound caused by gas in the digestive tract. During the 
 fermentive condition of the bowels following constipation, in 
 typhoid fever and inflammation of the bowels, this condition is 
 greatly increased. True it sometimes occurs in those who miss a 
 meal, or who are not seriously troubled with constipation or 
 disease of any kind; yet we are inclined to believe that this con- 
 dition whenever present is dependent wholly upon the formation 
 of gas, and indicates an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If actual disease is present, see treatment under the various 
 heads. In the absence of any well defined disease, take 10 grains 
 of Salol three times a day. Take the meals regularly, exercise 
 great care regarding the diet and keep the bowels regular. 
 
 HAEMOPHILIA— BLEEDER'S DISEASE.— This is an 
 
 abnormal condition of the blood vessels in which hemorrhage is 
 a frequent symptom. It occurs upon the slightest occasion. 
 Any slight accident or injury may produce troublesome bleeding. 
 The extraction of a tooth or removal of a tonsil is liable to cause 
 dangerous hemorrhage. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is not well understood. Evidently it is a 
 lack of normal development of the vessels. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Guard against injury as much as possible and avoid opera- 
 tions of all kinds. When an injury or wound has occurred, 
 cleanse the wound and take absolute rest. If in a favorable 
 locality, pressure on the artery should be employed. The diet 
 should be light and supporting. After a serious attack of bleed- 
 ing the patient should take Iron and Cod Liver Oil until the 
 health seems restored. The Cod Liver Oil should be taken in 
 tablespoonful doses three times a day before meals, and 10 drops 
 of the Muriate Tincture of Iron in a teaspoonful of simple syrup 
 after meals. When possible, a residence in the South during the 
 
170 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 winter is advisable as most cases are aggravated by cold weather, 
 and in any case care must be taken in guarding against cold and 
 wet. 
 
 HAY FEVER (Hay Asthma, Hay Cold, Rose Cold).— So 
 called because it usually occurs during the haying season. The 
 only difference between asthma and hay fever is that in hay fever 
 there is a slight rise in temperature and a catarrhal condition of 
 the eyes, nasal cavities, throat, and air tubes of the lungs, but 
 mostly in the air passages of the head. At first the mucous 
 membrane may seem dry, but this is followed by an increase in 
 the secretions. In some cases there is a profuse watery discharge. 
 Hay fever may, and sometimes does, assume all the seriousness 
 of asthma. There is no dividing line between them. The catarrh 
 is the most prominent symptom which divides the two. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Change of climate affords the greatest relief, but the 
 remedy is Lobelia tea (see chapter on herbs) . Drink until the 
 lungs are relaxed. 
 
 Remark. — Northern Michigan climate is a positive relief for hay fever 
 sufferers. It is doubtful if a permanent cure can be effected. 
 
 B. Artemesia Vulgaris, sixth dilution. Take in pill form or 
 i -drop doses four times a day during the months of freedom from 
 the disease. — (3) — Homeopathic. 
 
 HEADACHE. — There is no one ailment to which humanity 
 is so universally subject as headache. It is a symptom of nearly 
 every disease, and no disorder so slight that it does not have its 
 accompanying headache. There is the nervous headache to which 
 so many women especially are subject, the catarrhal headache and 
 the neuralgic headache; there is the warning and unpleasant full- 
 ness in the head of those subject to apoplexy or epilepsy; there is 
 the distressing accompaniment to organic disease within the 
 brain; and there is the positive illness called sick headache. 
 
 SICK HEADACHE. — Causes. — There is a variety of causes 
 which may produce sick headache. Usually it is due to disturb- 
 ances of digestion and is spoken of as bilious headache. Kxacting 
 mental labor, worry, or insufficient sleep may induce an attack of 
 sick headache by interference with digestion or elimination. 
 Defects of vision not corrected by the use of lenses (glasses), or 
 the wearing of lenses that have not been properly fitted to the 
 eyes, is the cause of much headache, and, in cases of severe eye 
 strain, of sick headache. Irritation of the ovaries or womb is 
 another cause of headache. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 171 
 
 Symptoms of Sick Headache. — The pain in the head is very- 
 sharp and severe, and is attended with a feeling of nausea that 
 is aggravated by movement, and by periods of faintness and 
 giddiness. If vomiting or an evacuation takes place, the patient 
 is relieved for the time being; but such relief is likely to be only 
 temporary, and is soon succeeded with another paroxysm of pain, 
 nausea, faintness and giddiness. Ordinarily the attack lasts but 
 a few hours. Usually it is impossible to take anything in the 
 way of nourishment during its continuance, and for a little time 
 after the stomach will not bear anything but light foods. The 
 patient is weak for a day or two after such an attack. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. Nervous Headache. — Hot pack, dark room, bed and ano- 
 dyne — something to quiet the nerves. 
 
 Sick Headache. — Hot water internally, or emetic. 
 
 B. Acetanilid 1 ounce. 
 
 Citrate Caffeine 15 grains. 
 
 Bicarbonate Soda 1 drachm. 
 
 Sulpnate Strychnine X grain. 
 
 Cocoa, sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix, and take from 5 to 10 grains every two 
 hours until relieved. — (46). 
 
 C. Acetanilid 60 grains. 
 
 Monobromate of Camphor 30 " 
 
 Citrate of Caffeine 30 " 
 
 Mix, and divide into 30 powders. Take one 
 powder every half hour until relieved. — (53). 
 
 D. A prompt cathartic, and teaspoonful doses of Bicarbonate 
 of Soda every three or four hours. — (7). 
 
 E. Bilious Headache. — Give Boneset tea until the patient is 
 sick at the stomach and vomits; or, if there is no Boneset at 
 hand, tepid (warm) water will do. Have him drink just as much 
 as he can, and if that does not produce nausea and vomiting, 
 wait a little while and have him drink again. He should try to 
 drink enough to give the stomach a good rinsing out. 
 
 F. Headache from Biliousness. — Take Mandrake and Culver's 
 Root, dry them, powder and sift. Take of the powder, 2 grains 
 Culver Root and 1 grain Mandrake. Mix in water and take 
 every night at bedtime until bowels move thoroughly. After 
 bowels move take % ounce inner bark of Willow and steep in %, 
 pint of water. Take tablespoonful three times a day before 
 meals. 
 
 G. Arising from Dyspepsia, or other deranged conditions of the 
 stomach, give a cathartic, put the feet into hot Mustard water, 
 using at least one tablespoonful of Mustard, and give freely of 
 
172 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Pennyroyal or Sage tea, which will produce vomiting and relieve 
 the stomach. Afterwards apply a Mustard plaster to the stomach 
 and back of the neck. — (66). 
 
 H. Atisingfrom a Determination of Blood to the Head, known by 
 throbbing pain and flushed face, put Mustard plasters to the feet 
 and drink freely of strong Ginger tea as hot as it can be borne, 
 go to bed and cover well. This will usually give immediate 
 relief. From 10 to 15 drops of the Tincture of Gelsemium may 
 be added to the tea, which will aid in quieting the agitation and 
 relieving the pain . — ( 66 ) . 
 
 I. Periodical Headache. — There are those who have sick head- 
 ache coming on at periods of from a few weeks to two or three 
 months, lasting two or three days, accompanied with nausea, and 
 occasionally with vomiting. In these cases after using an emetic 
 to relieve the present attack, take the Cathartic Syrup next 
 following: 
 
 Cathartic Syrup. — 
 
 Best Senna Leaf 1 ounce. 
 
 Jalap % " 
 
 Butternut, the inner bark of the root, 
 
 dried and bruised 2 " 
 
 Peppermint Leaf % " 
 
 Fennel Seed x / z " 
 
 Alcohol Yz pint. 
 
 Water 1% " 
 
 Sugar 2 pounds. 
 
 Put all into the spirits and water, except the 
 sugar, and let it stand 2 weeks, then strain, press- 
 ing out the dregs, add the sugar and dissolve 
 without heat. If it should cause griping in any 
 case, increase the Fennel Seed and Pepper- 
 mint leaf. 
 
 Dose. — One tablespoonful once a day, or less 
 often if the bowels become too loose, up to the 
 next period when the headache might have 
 been expected, and it will not be forthcoming. 
 
 This is a mild purgative, and especially pleasant. Most per- 
 sons, after a trial of it, will adopt it for their general cathartic, 
 and especially for children. Increase or lessen the dose accord- 
 ing to the effect desired. 
 
\ 
 
 W\ P> \ 
 
 
 
 / 
 
 &*** 
 
 &?« 
 
 No. 9. 
 
 i, Large Artery coming from Heart. 2, Large Vein. 3, Heart 
 (uncovered). 4. Diaphragm 5, Stomach. 6, Gall Bladder. 
 7, Bowels. 
 
THE HEART AND ITS DISEASES. 
 
 The heart is a hollow, muscular organ, conical in shape. It 
 is situated obliquely in the chest cavity, and towards the left 
 side. Its base extends upward and to the right as high as the 
 second rib. The center of the base corresponds to the center of 
 the body, and lies near the surface just below the chest bone. 
 The apex extends downward and to the left to a point between 
 the fifth and sixth rib, three and one-half inches to the left of the 
 median line, or center of the body. 
 
 Internally the heart is divided into four cavities, two upper 
 and two lower. A longitudinal partition divides it into a right 
 and a left cavity. The right and left cavities do not communicate. 
 The heart is again divided by a transverse partition into four 
 chambers, two upper and two lower. The upper and lower 
 cavities communicate through small openings which are guarded 
 by valves. The left and right heart are really two organs 
 moulded into one — Nature's means of economizing space and 
 power. 
 
 The duty of the heart is to force the blood through the 
 circulatory system. The veins carry the dark venous blood from 
 all parts of the body and empty it into the right side of the heart. 
 From there it is sent through the lungs for oxidation. Many of 
 its impurities are eliminated through the bronchial tubes, the 
 effect of the oxygen being to purify the blood and render it a 
 bright red before it is returned to the left side of the heart and 
 sent out through the general circulation. 
 
 Symptoms of Disease of the Heart. — Diseases of the heart are 
 characterized by shortness of breath, frequently amounting to a 
 choked or stifled feeling, palpitation, pale, unhealthy skin, and 
 eventually by dropsy, the swelling usually beginning in the feet 
 and ankles. It is not, however, conclusive evidence that a person 
 has some organic disease of the heart because he may have some 
 of these symptoms. Over-exertion will produce shortness of 
 breath, but if there is a growing tendency in this direction and it 
 is produced by less and less exertion, there is, of course, room 
 for apprehension. Palpitation, which is tumultuous beating and a 
 pain or sense of oppression in the region of the heart, may be 
 due to dyspepsia. It may also result from nervous conditions. 
 Dropsical symptoms also arise from other causes. (See Dropsy) . 
 
 173 
 
174 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 However, a reliable physician should early be consulted if 
 there are any symptoms to indicate a possible affection of the 
 heart, in order that the nature of the affection may be determined 
 and exciting causes removed or abstained from. 
 
 Treatments: — 
 
 A. Heart Disease. — Nutritious diet. Bicarbonate of Soda 
 in teaspoonful doses three or four times a day. — (7). 
 
 B. Palpitation. — Tincture of Ginger in a half- teaspoonful 
 dose every hour. — (7). 
 
 C. Shortness of Breath. — 
 
 Iodide of Potash 1 drachm. 
 
 Seng , 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful in a little water three 
 times a day, between meals. — (28). 
 
 D. Heart Failure. — Hypodermic injection of fa grain 
 Strychnia. Repeat in an hour if necessary.— (45). 
 
 E. Heart Failure. — 
 
 Tincture Digitalis 3 drachms. 
 
 Simple Elixir 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — For an adult, a teaspoonful every 
 four hours. 
 
 F. Diseases of Circulation. — Drink hot water and employ 
 friction along the limbs. Open the bowels by purgative medi- 
 cines. — (7). 
 
 G. Diseases of Circulation. — Stop coffee, tea and tobacco. 
 Get stomach in good condition. Take careful diet. — (13). 
 
 ANGINA PECTORIS. — Also called Neuralgia of the 
 Heart (see Neuralgia). 
 
 Cause. — It may be either of nervous or organic origin. 
 
 Symptoms. — This affection, like others of neuralgic character, 
 occurs in paroxysms and comes on suddenly. The patient is 
 attacked with a pain in the region of the heart that is so intense 
 and is attended with a feeling of such fear of death that he holds 
 rigidly to the position he first assumes, breathes slowly, and 
 seems afraid to move. The chest is fixed and the pain extends 
 also into the left shoulder and arm. A sense of coldness is always 
 present in one of these paroxysms, and the patient often breaks 
 out into a cold sweat. Great exhaustion follows such an attack. 
 Death may occur during the paroxysm or from the exhaustion 
 which follows it, or the patient may survive a number of attacks. 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 175 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — This is a serious thing 
 and a doctor should be called immediately in case of an attack of 
 severe pain about the heart. In the meantime, give a hot sling 
 — brandy, if you have it — and have hot water on hand when the 
 doctor arrives; he may want it. Put the patient to bed, keep 
 him quiet and get him warm if possible. Repeat the sling as 
 often as he can bear, say every fifteen or twenty minutes. 
 
 A. Tincture Aconite 40 drops. 
 
 Bromide Soda 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Elixir 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful three times a 
 day between the attacks.— (46). 
 
 B. Give 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls of whiskey, properly diluted, 
 and 20 or 25 drops of Laudanum, and send for a doctor. Apply 
 Mustard to chest and back. — (14). 
 
 C. Tablets of Nitroglycerine -^ grain each. Let one dissolve 
 on the tongue. If not relieved in fifteen minutes, use another 
 one the same way. — (20). 
 
 Note. — Sometimes a full dose of Nitroglycerine proves such 
 a sudden and powerful stimulant that the heart, which is diseased, 
 or laboring under difficulties, is unable to respond, and the over- 
 stimulation, instead of supporting the organ, paralyzes it; it grows 
 rapidly weaker, and death soon follows. We have seen a few 
 cases of this kind, where -fo grain of Nitroglycerine was given and 
 the heart immediately responded by giving a few irregular and 
 spasmodic throbs and bounds, then gradually grew weaker and 
 the patient died within a few hours. Remember that over-stimu- 
 lation produces death. 
 
 We recommend from 5 to 10 drop doses of Fowler's Solution 
 between attacks, taken three times a day, say for three weeks, 
 then skip a week and take a week, and so on. 
 
 D. Those who are troubled with neuralgia of the heart will 
 not only find the following suggestion convenient, but in case of 
 a sudden and unexpected attack it will prove a great benefit as a 
 means of relief from this most distressing disease. 
 
 Secure a drachm vial, which can be carried without incon- 
 venience, and put into it a few tablet triturates of Glonoin, or 
 Nitroglycerine, ^ir of a grain each. The triturates are better 
 than pills because they dissolve readily. When an attack comes 
 on, place a tablet on the tongue; it will dissolve immediately. 
 Repeat the dose in ten, twenty or thirty minutes, or as needed. 
 
 E. Glonoin, 2d dilution. Take in drop doses or pill form 
 every twenty or thirty minutes until relieved. — (3) — Homeo- 
 pathic. 
 
176 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Pseudo Angina. There is also a false angina, hysterical in 
 character, afflicting nervous women and children. It is attended 
 with neuralgic pains in the chest and near the heart, and with 
 general hysterical phenomena. It is not dangerous to life. 
 
 FATTY DEGENERATION, or FATTY HEART.-In 
 
 this disease the fibers of the muscles of the heart are gradually 
 replaced by fat, thus causing a degeneration of the muscular 
 tissues and a corresponding inability of the organ to perform its 
 functions properly. 
 
 Cause. — In most cases it is the result of some chronic state or 
 disease, as prolonged anaemia, dyspepsia, alcoholism, scrofula, 
 cancer, tuberculosis. Klderly people are sometimes snbject to it. 
 It is always the result of impaired nutrition. 
 
 Symptoms. — The heart, being enfeebled, the circulation is 
 weak; the pulse is slow and there is a shortness of breath. There 
 is distress of a neuralgic character about the heart, and attacks of 
 angina pectoris occur. The various organs of the body are reduced 
 to an ansemic state, one organ being more susceptible in one indi- 
 vidual, and another in another. In some the brain is particularly 
 affected, dizziness and swooning being characteristic; in others 
 the lungs are more susceptible, and this is marked with a dry, 
 hacking cough; dyspepsia and constipation are characteristic of 
 ansemia of the gastric system; and derangements of the urine, 
 ending in dropsy, where the kidneys are affected. The foregoing 
 are all symptoms of a weak heart, from whatever cause. A pecu- 
 liar and characteristic symptom of Fatty Degeneration is a con- 
 stant sighing. Arcus senilus, a light ring surrounding or partially 
 surrounding the pupil of the eye, is claimed to indicrte fatty 
 heart. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Diet. The food that is eaten should be nutritious, but 
 with a fleshy person where anything of this kind is suspected, all 
 fatty foods should be avoided. 
 
 As a remedy, Strophanthus may be taken three times a 
 day. See note below. 
 
 B. Avoid starchy foods and take 3 drops of Fowler's Solu 
 tion after meals. — (72). See ?iote below. 
 
 Note. — In Fatty Heart, drugs that have a direct action on this 
 organ, as Digitalis, or a powerful action, as Nitroglycerine (Glo- 
 noin), must be given with caution, because to increase its work 
 means over-exertion and, if this is carried too far, more harm than 
 good will result. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 77 
 
 As a heart tonic, we would recommend any one of the follow- 
 ing, given at the beginning in a very small dose, as indicated, i.e. : 
 
 Strychnine, -fa grain dose three times a day, 
 or, 
 
 Caffeine, 1 -grain dose three times a day, 
 or, 
 
 Tincture of Strophanthus, 3-drop dose three 
 times a day. 
 
 Fowler's Solution, while not classed as a heart tonic, is still 
 believed to give special support to this organ. More than that, 
 it is one of the best aids to digestion and assimilation, thus 
 increasing nutrition and strengthening the vitality of the patient. 
 While its influence is not so direct, its general effect is of far 
 greater importance. 
 
 PERICARDITIS.— Acute Form.— The heart is enclosed 
 in a membranous sac which blends with the outer coats of the 
 great vessels — arteries and veins — a short distance from their 
 junction with the heart. This sac may be considered a dilatation 
 of the outer coats of these vessels, which expand and surround 
 the heart. Below the membrane is attached to the diaphragm 
 and aids in forming what is called the central tendon; in 
 front it is partially covered by the margin of the lungs, and 
 above lies near to the chest bone; behind it are the bronchial 
 tubes, the sesophagus and the thoracic or descending aorta; its 
 sides are surrounded by the pleura, the delicate membrane which 
 encloses the lungs. 
 
 As the outer coats of the vessels expand to form this mem- 
 branous sac, they separate, or divide into two layers. The inner 
 layer, which is more delicate in structure, invests and is adherent 
 to the surface of the heart. The two layers lie in close relation 
 to each other. They are smooth and glistening and furnish a 
 thin fluid which serves to facilitate movement and reduce friction 
 to a minimum. An inflammation of this sac is called Pericarditis. 
 
 Cause. — Such an inflammation rarely occurs except as it 
 develops in the course of some other disease, as acute rheumatism, 
 Bright' s disease, pneumonia, diphtheria, scarlet fever, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — The general symptoms are distress in the region 
 of the heart, short cough, difficulty of breathing, usually nausea, 
 vomiting and palpitation. (See Endocarditis). 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 What To Do Till the Doctor Comes. — If nausea occurs, a little 
 
 weak Camphor sling may be given. For distress about the heart, 
 
 use hot applications — cloths wrung out of a hot decoction of some 
 
 bitter herb, as Smartweed, Mayweed, etc. , are best. Warm drinks 
 12 
 
178 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 may also be given. A little hot sling is always admissible in such 
 a case. In the meantime the doctor should be summoned to learn 
 the cause. Have hot water on hand when he arrives. 
 
 Those attending the sick in any acute disease should keep 
 calm and avoid any betrayal of anxiety or excitement. To 
 alarm the patient is about the worst thing a nurse can do, and 
 may, where there are heart complications, result fatally. 
 
 ENDOCARDITIS.— Acute Form.— The endocardium is 
 a thin, delicate membrane which lines the cavities of the heart. 
 It is composed of a single layer of flat cells joined edge to edge, 
 like a stone pavement. It is continuous with, and is the same in 
 structure as the lining membrane or inner coat of the arteries. 
 As the outer coats of the large vessels leading to the heart expand 
 to form the sac which enclose it, so the inner coat expands and 
 lines the heart cavities. Inflammation of this membrane is called 
 Endocarditis. 
 
 Cause. — This inflammation is usually developed in the course 
 of some other inflammation. It is difficult, or impossible, to 
 make a distinguishing diagnosis between Endocarditis and Peri- 
 carditis; usually an inflammation of the one communicates itself 
 to the other. An acute inflammation of either may end in 
 chronic inflammation, when will be found the symptoms covered 
 under Diseases of the Heart, Symptoms of. 
 Treatment. — See under Pericarditis. 
 
 HYDROPERICARDIUM.— (See under Dropsy). 
 
 HYPERTROPHY, or HYPERPLASIA.— This is an 
 increased growth in the tissue of which the heart is formed; the 
 walls are thicker and the organ is larger and heavier. 
 
 Cause. — Any condition which obstructs the outflow of blood 
 or otherwise increases the heart action may cause Hypertrophy. 
 It may be caused by alcohol, tobacco, tea or coffee. Each of 
 these, if taken in quantity or continued, acts as a stimulant or 
 irritant and causes an increase in the heart action. The disease 
 may be caused by chronic bronchitis, or by some forms of Bright' s 
 disease; the first interferes with the circulation through the 
 lungs, and the second interferes with the circulation in the kid- 
 neys and thus forces the blood back toward the heart, thereby 
 increasing its work. Hypertrophy may be caused by a shrinking 
 or other defect of the valve which guards the opening into the 
 aorta, or large artery leading from the heart. This is called 
 Aortic Stenosis. Such defect would allow the blood to flow back 
 into the cavity of the heart, and this would call for extra work to 
 pump it out again. The lower left cavity could not entirely 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 179 
 
 empty itself; this would force the blood back into the upper 
 cavity, and it would become dilated. The upper left cavity is 
 also dilated when the valve guarding the opening between these 
 two cavities is defective; the blood flows back and the result is 
 the same. In either case the lungs become congested, the blood 
 is forced back to the right side of the heart, and the walls of the 
 latter become thickened from overwork. This does not occur 
 until late in the disease. The right side may also become affected 
 from any condition of the lungs which obstructs the flow of blood 
 through them. Emphysema might cause it. In emphysema the 
 air cells are distended and this obstructs the circulation. Some- 
 times the walls of the air cells are broken down and air escapes 
 into the intervening or surrounding tissue. This is called 
 Vesicular Emphysema. Emphysema is caused by prolonged and 
 forcible respiration, as blowing wind instruments. Emphysema 
 would increase the pressure and check the circulation still more. 
 In Pericarditis the outer membrane surrounding the heart may 
 become adherent to the inner membrane — the one which is 
 adherent to the heart (see Pericarditis). This prevents the 
 gliding action of the membranes and results in increased effort. 
 This would cause hypertrophy of the whole organ. A heart thus 
 enlarged may weigh from ten to twenty and even thirty pounds. 
 The normal weight is ten to twelve ounces, or less than one 
 pound. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are increased heart action. The 
 arteries are distended, the pulse is full and strong, and the arteries 
 at the side of the neck may be seen throbbing. There is headache 
 from blood pressure, ringing in the ears from pressure of over- 
 distended vessels supplying those organs, and the face and eyes 
 are flushed from the over-distended vessels. There is cough and 
 difficult breathing from pressure in the lungs. A full, strong 
 heart beat may be easily detected. The lower point of the heart 
 is below its normal position and farther to the left. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 But few remedies are needed for this disease. If caused by 
 alcohol, tobacco, tea or coffee, stop their use. The patient 
 should lie down several hours a day, should not indulge in active 
 exercise, in straining or heavy lifting, and should give particular 
 attention to the diet. The remedies used are those that will slow 
 the heart action — Aconite and Veratrum in i-drop or 2 -drop doses 
 three or four times a day would be best for this purpose. Bromide 
 of Potash in 20-grain doses four times a day would also prove 
 valuable. 
 
180 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 DILATATION OF THE HEART. — In this disease the 
 heart cavities are enlarged without any increase in the muscle 
 tissue or thickening of their walls. On the contrary the walls 
 may be thinner than normal. 
 
 Cause. — The cause may be any of those which produce 
 Hypertrophy . The nerve supply is feeble and the heart is weak. 
 Over-straining causes dilatation without a corresponding increase 
 in growth. This disease occurs in the young and feeble. In this 
 disease the right side of the heart is usually affected first because 
 it is naturally weaker and less able to stand the strain. 
 
 Symptoms. — The heart beat is weak, the pulse is feeble, and 
 the veins are enlarged as the force of the heart beat is not 
 sufficient to control the return circulation. There is headache 
 from lack of blood and nourishment, coughing, difficult breathing 
 from distension and pressure of the vessels in the lungs, dyspepsia 
 from a sluggish circulation around the stomach, constipation from 
 a sluggish circulation along the digestive tract, the urine is 
 scanty from a lack of circulation in the kidneys, the mind is dull, 
 and vitality and ambition are lacking. The patient may be 
 troubled with dizziness and fainting from poor circulation in the 
 brain. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Nourishing diet, bitter tonics — usually Iron is needed — 
 moderate exercise, laxatives to keep the kidneys and skin active, 
 and for a weak heart, Digitalis, Caffeine, Strychnine and Stro- 
 phantus are valuable. — See note under Fatty Degeneration. 
 
 STENOSIS AND REGURGITATION.— These condi- 
 tions have already been referred to. The aorta is a large artery 
 and forms the great trunk of the arterial system, as already stated. 
 The lower left ventricle or cavity of the heart opens into this artery, 
 and in health this opening is guarded by the aortic valve. This 
 valve may become inflamed, the inflammation may cause new tissue 
 growth, and new tissue growth resulting from inflammation always 
 shrinks when it matures. Small blood vessels and nerve fibers are 
 destroyed and also more or less of the natural tissue, and the 
 result is a firm and inelastic growth. As a result of inflammation 
 in the valve mentioned, lime salts may be deposited, the same as 
 in the formation of bone ( see Bone Diseases) , and this would 
 also render the valve firm and unyielding. In either case the 
 valve cannot be pressed back, but remains constantly in the way 
 of the current and interferes with the amount of blood sent out. 
 This is called Aortic Stenosis. 
 
 In health the mitral valve guards the opening between the 
 two cavities in the left side of the heart, and the same changes 
 may occur in this valve as those just described in the aortic 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 181 
 
 valve. These valves are formed of the picked-up folds of the 
 delicate membrane which lines the heart cavities. When there 
 is new connective tissue and the new tissue contracts, the valve 
 becomes shrunken and will not fit the opening. When the valve 
 fails to open and thus interferes with the current, it is called 
 Stenosis, or narrowing. When the openings are improperly closed 
 and the blood is allowed to flow back past the shrunken valve, it 
 is called Regurgitation. The change described in the mitral valve 
 is one of the most frequent affections or diseases of the heart, and 
 the change in the aortic valve is second. 
 
 The valves in the right side of the heart are seldom affected, 
 because the right side of the heart has only to receive the blood 
 from the return circulation and send it out through the lungs, 
 while the left side receives it back from the lungs and must then 
 force it through the whole arterial system; hence there is more 
 strain on the left side and more liability to disease. 
 
 While the diagnosis and treatment of Stenosis would call for 
 the services of a physician, we make the following suggestions 
 concerning 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 It will readily be seen that any remedies or conditions that 
 increase the action of the heart are to be avoided; drug medica- 
 tion is unimportant in these conditions. First, the amount 
 of fluids taken should be reduced as far as consistent with health 
 and strength, because this lessens the amount of blood and cor- 
 respondingly lessens the work of the heart. This is best con- 
 trolled by a concentrated diet of easily digested foods, drinking 
 very little water, and no tea, coffee or alcohol. Tobacco should 
 not be used. Fowler's Solution is a remedy that has been highly 
 recommended in valvular diseases of the heart, probably because 
 it aids digestion and assimilation. 5-drop doses should be given 
 at meal time. Heart tonics may be used for a time, but should 
 not be relied upon because they cannot permanently increase the 
 strength of the heart; their continued use may be compared to 
 whipping a tired horse. Many of the heart tonics contract the 
 small blood vessels. These would do more harm than good for 
 the reason that they would force the blood back toward the heart 
 and necessarily increase its work. Strophanthus is a remedy of 
 considerable value for these troubles as it produces no effect upon 
 the size of the small vessels. Strophanthin, the active principle, 
 is a convenient form. From g-fg- to ^^ of a grain in pill or tablet 
 form, or, later, Caffeine in 2- or 3-grain doses is recommended. 
 
 HEARTBURN.— What is called heartburn is the result of 
 indigestion (see Indigestion under Stomach, Diseases of). 
 Especially is this true of indigestion caused by starchy foods, as 
 
1 82 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 these result in the formation of many acids, and these acids pro- 
 duce a burning sensation which extends along the aesophagus into 
 the chest cavity and is felt just behind the chest bone. Heart- 
 burn may be attended with an inclination to vomit. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Nitromuriatic Acid. 5 drops of strong acid in a glass of 
 water after meals. — (54). 
 
 B. Teaspoonful doses of Bicarbonate of Soda (common 
 baking soda) every three hours. — (7). 
 
 HEMORRHAGE.— The rupture of a blood vessel gives 
 rise to a discharge of blood called hemorrhage. Apoplexy is 
 caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain. 
 
 A hemorrhage from the lungs is of a bright red color, frothy, 
 and expectorated after coughing. Many cases of supposed 
 hemorrhage from the lungs are not from the lungs at all, but 
 are caused by the rupture of small blood vessels along the upper 
 part of the trachea, or large air tube. They follow a fit of 
 coughing when the mucous membrane is congested and swollen 
 from taking cold, or from some other cause. These cases are 
 apt to occasion a great deal of anxiety and fright, yet they are as 
 harmless as nosebleed. We have also known the sudden rupture 
 of small vessels in the stomach to result from the same cause, and 
 produce the same effect. All these cases require is a little rest 
 and the same treatment that would be given any case of 
 congestion. 
 
 Hemorrhage of this kind may be distinguished from hemor- 
 rhage of the lungs from the fact that the blood is not frothy. 
 
 Hemorrhage from the lungs seldom occurs, and the blood is 
 frothy by reason of its containing air. Hemorrhage from the 
 stomach contains no air, and the contents of the stomach are 
 mixed with the hemorrhage. Also, quite large quantities of 
 blood may be coughed up in the morning as a result of nosebleed 
 during the night, in which case the blood is clotted and dark. 
 
 Streaks of blood or slight hemorrhage from the bowels during 
 diarrhea or dysentery is no cause for alarm. When hemorrhage 
 follows tyhoid fever or cancer of the bowels, its nature and im- 
 portance will be readily understood. With the free use of 
 intestinal antiseptics and good hygienic surroundings, hemor- 
 rhage will not occur in typhoid fever. 
 
 Always look at these cases from a common-sense standpoint. 
 Use ordinary home remedies, or the case may need no treatment 
 at all. In many cases the individual is benefited, because the 
 hemorrhage has relieved the congestion. Ulcer of the stomach or 
 tuberculosis will give a history long before hemorrhage occurs. 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 183 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 The following remedy is equally valuable for any and all 
 forms of hemorrhage, whether from the lungs, stomach, wound 
 or wherever. 
 
 Sulphate of Atropine r^ grain. 
 
 Repeat in thirty minutes if necessary. If 
 this does not control the hemorrhage, send for 
 a doctor. 
 
 As a drug store may not be at hand, and this remedy not be 
 obtainable, the following home treatments are recommended in 
 cases of emergency: 
 
 Hemorrhage from the Lungs. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Keep the patient quiet 
 and raise the shoulders with pillows. The best remedy is Capsicum 
 (red pepper) , but salt is good. If hemorrhage occurs and nothing 
 else is at hand, give salty water at frequent intervals. Follow 
 the salt with Capsicum. The Capsicum may be made into a 
 strong tea and drank along at short intervals, or 3-grain 
 capsules may be given every half hour until the hemorrhage is 
 controlled. If the hemorrhage should be a violent one, and 
 especially if the patient is not subject to them, send for a phy- 
 sician. Always have hot water on hand on the arrival of a physician. 
 He may not need it, but if he does, no time will be wasted wait- 
 ing for it to heat. 
 
 Spitting of Blood. — Cracked ice, small piece on tongue every 
 few minutes, will help to control it. — (31). 
 
 Hemorrhage from the Stomach. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Salt is good for this, also 
 Alum water. Take a little pulverized Alum, dissolve it in warm 
 water, and take a teaspoonful of the solution every little while. 
 For an adult, give 15 to 20 drops of laudanum. If the hemor- 
 rhage is a violent one, send for a doctor; or if not violent enough 
 to make this necessary, consult him as to cause. The patient 
 should lie down and keep perfectly quiet. 
 
 Intestinal Hemorrhage. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Intestinal hemorrhage is 
 a symptom which usually demands prompt attention, no matter 
 how slight it may be. In many cases the enforcement of absolute 
 rest and quiet, with the administration of cold drinks, and of 
 opium in from yk to j4 grain doses, given once in three or four 
 hours to diminish the activity of the bowels is all that is needed. 
 A good remedy is an injection of a decoction of peach and rasp- 
 
1 84 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 berry leaves with 15 or 20 drops of Spirits of Turpentine added, 
 repeated every two hours. If this fails to stop hemorrhage, the 
 doctor should be sent for. Always have hot water ready on the 
 arrival of a physician. 
 
 Hemorrhage from Injury. — (See "Bleeding from," under 
 Accidents and Emergencies, DEPARTMENT III. 
 
 HEMORRHOIDS.— (See Diseases of Anus). 
 
 HERNIA, or RUPTURE.— By hernia is meant the pro- 
 trusion of a part of one of the internal organs from its natural 
 position. The term "rupture" refers especially to a displace- 
 ment of the bowels or membranous covering. This displacement 
 occurs most frequently in the groin, or at the navel. 
 
 When hernia occurs it is not because the abdominal wall has 
 been ruptured. The opening through which the hernia passes is 
 a natural one and is always present. In foetal life the testicles 
 are situated in the abdominal cavity. Before birth they descend 
 into the scrotum, and these natural openings are the tracts 
 through which the testicles passed. An egg is surrounded by a 
 thin film which is quite strong and would retain the egg if the 
 shell were carefully removed. If a small opening were made in 
 the egg shell and the egg then suddenly and forcibly moved 
 in the right direction, the film could be made to bulge through 
 the opening in the shell. The film of the egg may be compared 
 to the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity, and the 
 opening in the shell to the unclosed tract through which the tes- 
 ticle passed. As the result of sudden or violent movement the 
 peritoneum may be forced through this opening, and the bowel 
 may also protrude. Either one or both would constitute a hernia. 
 Usually both are present. (See page 451.) 
 
 Causes. — Occurring at the navel, it comes on usually soon 
 after birth, being due to weakness at the point where the umbil- 
 ical cord was attached to the foetus. Generally, however, hernia 
 occurs in adults as the result of a strain or from some violent 
 exercise. 
 
 Forms of Rupture. — There are three varieties of rupture : In 
 the first the bowel or membrane can be forced back into place by 
 pressure, called reducible hernia; in the second the displacement 
 cannot be forced back into its normal location, called irreducible 
 hernia; and in the third the displacement of the bowel is such 
 that the part displaced is constricted so as to shut off the circula- 
 tion. This is called strangulated hernia. The last named is 
 accompanied with nausea, vomiting, a twisting, burning pain, 
 pain on pressure, and no impulse, or swelling out of the tumor, 
 on coughing. The treatment of a strangulated hernia admits of 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 85 
 
 no delay, as, unless relieved, mortification sets in in a few hours 
 and death results. An irreducible hernia may become strangu- 
 lated. 
 
 For further description of internal and strangulated hernia, 
 see under Intestinal Obstruction. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. A suitable truss, applied early and adjusted by a phy- 
 sician or experienced druggist. If constipated, keep bowels 
 reasonably open with some mild physic, as Cream of Tartar and 
 Salts — a teaspoonful of each taken night and morning. 
 
 B. It has been proven beyond any doubt that hernia or rup- 
 ture can be permanently cured by the Fidelity method — the 
 injection of a fluid into the hernial canal and wearing a well- 
 fitting truss for about three months. From four to eight injec- 
 tions are usually required. This method is nearly painless, and 
 the patient can work every day during treatment if he wishes to 
 do so. — (10). 
 
 Note. — The medical profession is divided regarding the injection 
 method. It is upheld and condemned with equal force. 
 
 C. Lay patient on back, with head a foot or two lower than 
 heels. Apply cloths wrung out of cold water, and let nobody 
 but a physician attempt reduction by pressure. After reduction, 
 get suitable truss applied and wear it. — (60). 
 
 Note. — In strangulated hernia if reduction is impossible, an operation 
 is the only hope. 
 
 HERPES. — (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 HICCOUGH— Hiccough is a symptom of disease that in 
 most cases is easily recovered from. There are some cases, how- 
 ever, that assume serious and even dangerous proportions. 
 
 Causes. — The diaphragm is a thin membrane which divides 
 the chest from the abdominal cavity and aids in respiration, 
 rising and falling with each breath. The stomach is placed just 
 beneath the diaphragm. The diaphragm passes obliquely 
 backward and downward, hence it is not only above but partially 
 behind the stomach. During indigestion the stomach may become 
 very irritable. The constipation which follows causes bloating 
 and pressure, and this increases the trouble. The stomach is 
 forced backward and irritates the diaphragm. 
 
 The solar plexus is a large collection of nerves situated just 
 behind the stomach. Irritation may communicate through this 
 bundle of nerves, as it receives branches both from the stomach 
 and the diaphragm. Any condition which irritates the diaphragm 
 may result in hiccough, as the irritation causes contraction 
 
1 86 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 of the diaphragm downward. This is so sudden that it causes 
 a vacuum in the chest. The outside air attempts to rush in and 
 fill the lungs, but is prevented by the sudden closure of the glottis 
 — the space between the vocal chords through which the air 
 passes. This produces the peculiar sound known as hiccough. 
 Why does the glottis close at this time more than during ordinary 
 breathing? Because the spasmodic action of the diaphragm 
 against the stomach causes spasm of this organ also. The same 
 nerves which supply the stomach supply the vocal chords, hence 
 every spasm of the diaphragm is first conveyed to the stomach, 
 then flashed over the nerve fibers to the vocal chords, and they 
 contract, closing the space between them as described. Hiccough 
 usually stops without attention, though sometimes the trouble is 
 persistent and is said to cause death. It is not, however, the 
 hiccough, but the septic or unhealthy condition of the digestive 
 tract that causes death. Free elimination will usually relieve the 
 trouble. 
 
 Hiccough may be caused by inflammation of the upper part 
 of the spinal cord, as that part of the cord situated in the neck 
 sends out the nerves which pass downward through the chest 
 cavity and supply the diaphragm, and inflammation of this part 
 of the spinal cord might so irritate and excite these nerves as to 
 cause spasmodic action, as described. 
 
 Tumor in the lungs may cause pressure upon these nerves 
 and result in irritation and spasms. The same nerves which 
 supply the lungs also supply the stomach and, through the solar 
 plexus, communicate with the nerves which supply the dia- 
 phragm, hence irritation from a tumor in an}' part of the lungs 
 may cause spasms and hiccough. 
 
 Hiccough may result from a strangulated hernia, because the 
 nerves which supply the digestive tract also communicate with 
 the solar plexus, and this with the diaphragm. 
 
 Peritonitis, or inflammation of the thin membrane which 
 surrounds the Dowels, may produce spasms and hiccough in the 
 same way. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. As nearly every case of hiccough is caused by indigestion 
 and constipation, it may be successfully treated by giving one or 
 two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil followed by ■$%-$ of a grain of 
 Atropine every half hour until the throat is dry or until the face 
 is flushed. When hiccough results from inflammation of the 
 spinal cord, from a tumor in the lungs, from strangulated hernia 
 or from peritonitis, it will be readily understood that different 
 treatment will be required. If inflammation of the spinal cord, 
 the usual fever remedies may be given; tumor in the lungs would 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 1 87 
 
 probably prove fatal; a strangulated hernia demands an opera- 
 tion; the treatment for peritonitis is described under that heading. 
 We offer our own personal experience in support of the 
 statement that nearly every case of hiccough is caused by indi- 
 gestion and constipation. Our experience extends over many 
 years and includes a large number of cases, and, barring perito- 
 nitis, hernia, inflammation of the spinal cord or tumor growth, 
 hiccough has invariably been relieved by active cathartics and 
 antispasmodics, of which Atropine and Hyoscy amine are among 
 the best. Some cases of hiccough are caused by hysteria, but the 
 hysteria is usually the result of indigestion. A little Croton Oil, 
 followed by a cold bath, a brisk rub, and a few doses of Atropine, 
 has a wonderful effect in disposing of hysteria. 
 
 B. Take a little Camphor sling or Peppermint sling. Some- 
 times Soda water is effective. 
 
 C. Lemon juice, mixed with sugar to make it palatable, and 
 taken freely. — (76) . 
 
 D. Frequent drinks of hot water with Ginger, Mustard or 
 Soda stirred into it. — (7). 
 
 E. I have stopped with Belladonna cases that have been 
 given up by many physicians. I use one drop of the tincture 
 every half hour. — (18) — Homeopathic. 
 
 Note. — Belladonna contains Atropine. See Treatment "A." 
 HIVES. — (See under Skin Diseases) . 
 HYDROCEPHALUS.— (See under Dropsy.) 
 HYDROCELE.— (See under Dropsy). 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA.— This disease is characterized by great 
 disturbance of the central nervous system, difficulty in swallowing, 
 dread or fear of water, severe muscular contraction, convulsions 
 and death. 
 
 Cause. — Hydrophobia is caused by a specific poison which is 
 found in the saliva of rabid animals. It is usually conveyed to 
 the human system by the bite of a dog. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms may be slight at first. There is 
 pain at the point of the wound. If the wound has healed, there 
 is swelling at the same place and the scar appears red. The 
 wound may re-open and discharge. There is general uneasiness 
 or restlessness, anxiety, headache, chilliness, and perhaps a feel- 
 ing of stiffness or lameness. The patient may be low-spirited; 
 the vessels about the neck become congested, and expectoration 
 is increased; the difficulty in swallowing also increases until the 
 sight of water or some sound or sharp noise may startle the 
 patient and bring on convulsions. During these attacks the mind 
 
188 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 is usually lost and the patient may rave, or strange hallucinations 
 may be present. There is also moderate fever. Death usually 
 occurs in four or five days. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The first object should be to prevent absorption of 
 the poison. If the bite has been on a limb, a stout cord or 
 handkerchief may be tied around the limb and twisted with 
 a piece of wood until circulation is arrested. Sucking the 
 wound is usually effective in withdrawing the poison, and 
 can convey no additional danger to the person bitten. If the 
 patient cannot reach the wound with his own mouth, another 
 may volunteer to suck it, although this is dangerous; but the 
 danger may be largely obviated by applying a solution of Carbolic 
 Acid to the wound before sucking. The use of caustics should 
 not be delayed. A hot iron in the form of a nail, poker or other 
 available instrument at a white heat, should be brought in con- 
 tact with all parts of the wound. If the poison has been absorb- 
 ed, one of the best remedies is what is commonly known as 
 Red Chickweed (see Chickweed in Chapter on Herbs). 
 It is prepared by boiling about one ounce of the dried plant in 
 two quarts of strong beer or ale until it is half evaporated. 
 Strain the liquid and add two drachms of Tincture of Opium. 
 For an adult, the medicine should be given in Yz gill doses every 
 morning for three mornings. If the symptoms are fully develop- 
 ed, the whole of the preparation may be taken in one day. The 
 dose for children should be in proportion to their age. Persons 
 bitten should bathe the wound with the same liquid. Those about 
 the person who has been bitten should preserve a calm and 
 cheerful demeanor, and avoid all allusions to the occurrence. He 
 should be protected from all excitement, and should not be 
 allowed to see that he is an object of solicitude. 
 
 B. If the wound from a rabid dog is on an extremity, as a 
 finger or toe, and it is possible to sever the member at once by asingle 
 blow from a large knife or hatchet, the treatment, while it may 
 seem a little harsh, would be effectual. The next best thing to 
 do, if the remedies are at hand, is to apply a Caustic (See 
 Caustics) — alkalies or acids. A strong alkali, as a stick of 
 Potash, would be better than an acid because its effects go deeper. 
 Other means of arresting the poison are by shutting off the circu- 
 lation, sucking the wound or application of hot iron, as mentioned 
 elsewhere. According to past teachings, if the poison gains 
 entrance into the system, there is no known remedy that will do 
 more than to relieve the symptoms ; in other words, symp- 
 tomatic treatment is about all that can be applied. For this 
 purpose Chloroform, large doses of Morphine, etc., are recom- 
 mended. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 189 
 
 While we have not had experience with this disease, we wish 
 to suggest a treatment that certainly seems rational, and one that 
 we should speedily adopt if occasion ever required. The reme- 
 dies we should use would be Atropine and Pilocarpine. Give at 
 once Yi of a grain of Pilocarpine and T ^ of a grain of Atropine 
 with a hypodermic needle. This will speedily bring the blood to 
 the surface and cause profuse sweating. In order to aid perspir- 
 ation, apply artificial heat by any means, and keep the water 
 literally pouring out of every pore of the skin. This is simply a 
 means of elimination, and one of the quickest and most thorough 
 that could be adopted. The object, of course, is to relieve the 
 system of the poison. Give large quantities of pure water. I,et 
 the patient drink this by the pint. Not all at once, of course, 
 yet in a few hours a large quantity of pure water can be taken in 
 this way and cause no inconvenience. Atropine aids materially 
 in bringing the blood to the surface, but will not produce sweat- 
 ing. It is also a powerful stimulant; it stimulates the heart, the 
 circulation and the respiration. This is of particular benefit since 
 the Pilocarpine is a depressant; but while Yz of a grain of Pilo- 
 carpine has a tendency to weaken the patient, it is one of the 
 quickest remedies to effect elimination. These are desperate 
 cases and need heroic treatment. While this work is going on, 
 and at the very beginning, give a large and active cathartic — 
 something that will cause large, watery evacuations, as 10 grains 
 of Scamony and 10 grains of Jalap. The large amount of water 
 taken will not only aid in keeping up the sweating, but it will 
 dilute the poisons and aid materially in keeping the bowels active. 
 This same treatment applies to any other case of blood poisoning. 
 
 Note. — We believe also that Treatment "B" under Lockjaw would be 
 ideal if the patient was sufficiently manageable to apply it. 
 
 Hysterical Hydrophobia. — There are cases of hysteria 
 that are said to simulate hydrophobia so nearly that, judging 
 from the symptoms, no distinction could be made. The hyster- 
 ical patient may mimic animals, such as the cat or dog; there 
 may be spasmodic and highly emotional periods, where the 
 patient is unable to swallow, has a fear or dread of water, etc. 
 There are also those who claim that there is no such disease as 
 hydrophobia. This claim is supported by some of our best phy- 
 sicians. While hysterical patients may give all of the symptoms 
 of hydrophobia, such a claim would not cover the conditions met 
 in the lower animals. Surely we cannot charge these cases to 
 hysteria, and to our minds this is proof positive that hydrophobia 
 is a distinct and separate disease. Hydrophobia does not occur 
 from the bite of rabid animals nearly so often as many suppose. 
 L,ess than ten per cent of those bitten by mad dogs have the 
 
iqo FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 disease. This statement is supported by James Howard Thorn- 
 ton, M.D., Fellow of the King's College of I^ondon, and by many 
 other eminent physicians. 
 
 HYPOCHONDRIA.— This is an affection of the nervous 
 system characterized by the belief that one has some bodily 
 ailment or disease. The patient has spells of moodiness. It is 
 similar to Melancholia. Monomania, or insanity upon one subject, 
 is another evidence of the same condition. Rheumatism, head- 
 ache, mental stupor, lack of resolution, hysteria and many other 
 depressions and hallucinations are the result of the same cause; 
 so is insanity. 
 
 Cause. — A gradual loss of nerve control resulting from the 
 irritating effects of indigestion and retained waste. A lack of 
 proper nourishment reduces the vitality and physical force below 
 par, and the patient is unable to exercise proper control of him- 
 self. The brain becomes clouded and dull, and intelligent guid- 
 ance is more or less disturbed, i. <?., the individual is unable to 
 exercise proper control of his actions. The various conditions 
 mentioned are simply different manifestations of the one cause. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment suggests itself. It consists of attention to 
 diet, digestion and elimination, also an abundance of pure water, 
 fresh air, sunshine and proper exercise. This is the best treat- 
 ment for conditions of this kind. Drug medication is unimport- 
 ant, although in severe cases may be required for a short time. 
 Chloral, the Bromides and Asafcetida are probably the best 
 remedies. 
 
 HYSTERIA. — As a disorder of the nervous system it is 
 generally confined to women, usually occurring in paroxysms, 
 but in very nervous women approaching a chronic state. A 
 paroxysm may vary from moaning and gesticulation to violent 
 struggling. There may also be slight twitching of the muscles, 
 and in some cases general convulsive movements. Consciousness 
 is never wholly lost, and the paroxysm is believed to be more or 
 less under the control of the patient, who, if instead of giving 
 way to her feelings would endeavor to control them, might possi- 
 bly escape a paroxysm altogether. Hysteria may, however, be 
 developed during the course of an organic disease, when, owing 
 to a weakened condition, the patient is certainly less accountable 
 for lack of self-control. The severer forms mentioned are not 
 often met. 
 
 A. A 5-grain pill of Asafcetida taken three times a day will 
 generally control hysteria. Or a fine thing for nervous disorders 
 of any kind is a tea made of Scullcap, or of English Valerian, or 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 191 
 
 of American Valerian (common lady slipper). See chapter on 
 herbs for description and directions. Any treatment to be effect- 
 ive must be long-continued. 
 
 B. Tincture of Valerian 3 drachms. 
 
 Asafcetida 30 grains. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful every two 
 hours. — (46). 
 
 INFLAMMATION. — Inflammation is a morbid or diseased 
 process in some part of the living body. There are present heat, 
 pain, redness and swelling. The conditions present in inflam- 
 mation and in fever are the same, and the cause is the same. 
 However, inflammation is generally understood to be localized, as 
 inflammation of the liver, lungs or kidneys, or inflammation of a 
 joint in rheumatism. Inflammations are spoken of as adhesive or 
 fibrinous, plastic or corpuscular, and aplastic. Adhesive inflam- 
 mation is where a wound heals without suppurating — without the 
 formation of pus; in plastic inflammation the wound heals less 
 rapidly; in aplastic inflammation the wound shows a strong 
 tendency to suppurate with no tendency to heal. These condi- 
 tions are sometimes spoken of as healing by first, second and 
 third intention. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is an irritant. The blood may contain 
 irritants as a result of indigestion and result in inflammatory 
 rheumatism. Inflammation may result from an accident or 
 injury, as a sprain, dislocation, cut, or penetrating wound; or it 
 may result from a poisoned wound. Chronic inflammation may 
 result from chronic dyspepsia, the prolonged use of alcohol, 
 syphilis, tuberculosis, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are both local and constitutional. 
 The local symptoms are those already mentioned — heat, pain, 
 redness and swelling. The constitutional symptom is fever. 
 The conditions and changes present in the blood vessels and 
 circulation are the same as those described under fever. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See Fevers. If from a poisoned wound, see Blood Poisoning. 
 If from inflammatory rheumatism or accident, see treatment 
 under those heads. If resulting from tuberculosis or other 
 chronic disease, see treatment accordingly. 
 
 INFLUENZA.— LA GRIPPE.— Through custom we are 
 in the habit of calling any and all kinds of acute catarrhal condi- 
 tions by this term. Influenza has long been recognized by 
 medical writers. It usually occurs in epidemic form. The 
 
192 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 majority of cases resemble an ordinary cold, yet there are some 
 attacks that present a striking contrast, i, e., a sudden onset, 
 followed by debility and prostration which seem to be out of all 
 proportion to any known cause. This is more particularly true 
 with the old and those not physically strong. There are but few 
 deaths resulting directly from this disease, yet other diseases, such 
 as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, consumption, etc., may follow, 
 and for this reason those who have had a severe attack ought to 
 take every precaution and remain indoors until the danger is past. 
 It is not always necessary to have a doctor, perhaps seldom, yet 
 good judgment and care should be exercised in every case. 
 
 Cause. — By some it is believed to be caused by a germ. Per- 
 haps the great majority believe it is caused by atmospheric 
 changes. The reason for this belief is that it occurs in widely 
 separated districts at the same time. 
 
 Symptoms. — The onset is sudden with chills or chilliness, 
 followed by fever and a weakness that in some cases amounts 
 almost to prostration. Headache is present, especially frontal 
 headache — over the eyes. The reason is that situated over 
 each eye in the frontal bone is a cavity which is lined with 
 mucous membrane, being continuous through and opening 
 from the nose. The catarrh may close the opening, and the 
 pressure from the swollen membrane and the exudate will cause 
 pain. Catarrhal symptoms are abundant. The mucous mem- 
 brane of the nasal passages, throat, bronchial tubes, etc., all 
 furnish a profuse secretion, which is at first thin and watery, 
 but later becomes thick and tenacious. The patient feels sore 
 and lame, and in some cases there is a deep, dull pain throughout 
 the body. The appetite is destroyed. In lighter attacks sneezing 
 is frequent, the eyes are watery, the tongue may be coated, and 
 the discharge from the nose keeps the patient busy giving special 
 attention to that organ. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Mild cases may be treated successfully without a doctor, 
 as follows: 
 
 For the catarrhal and nasal discharge take the following: 
 
 Atropine 5 V grain. 
 
 Morphine.. ]/z " 
 
 Calomel i " 
 
 Mix intimately and divide into 8 powders. 
 Take I powder every two hours until the 
 throat is dry or the face is flushed, or until the 
 catarrhal symptoms disappear; then continue 
 every three hours, or three times a day. If 
 the amount of Calomel is not sufficient to 
 move the bowels, take a dose of Seidlitz Salts, 
 Castor Oil, or any other convenient laxative. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 193 
 
 Another most excellent remedy is the following: 
 
 Acetanilid j4 drachm. 
 
 Salicylate of Soda )4 
 
 Mix intimately, and divide into 12 powders. 
 Take one of these every two hours until the 
 ears ' ' sing. ' ' After that take one powder every 
 three hours, or three times a day. 
 
 The Acetanilid powders have no effect in controlling the 
 nasal catarrh, while the Atropine powders are directed especially 
 to that condition, hence these remedies may be taken alternately. 
 This would bring the doses one hour apart. Take until the face 
 is flushed or the ears "sing." When the face flushes, the Atro- 
 pine powders should be taken only three times a day, as directed 
 above; when the ears "sing," the Salicylate of Soda powders 
 should be taken only three times a day. It is not our purpose to 
 recommend remedies that are not supported by our personal expe- 
 rience, hence we are confident that the above treatment, applied 
 according to directions, will prove satisfactory in the great 
 majority of cases. 
 
 The patient should remain indoors for a few days, and in 
 those cases that are more severe should remain in bed for a day 
 or two. Keep an even temperature and good ventilation. This 
 will undoubtedly hasten favorable termination, and is advised in 
 all cases where circumstances will permit. 
 
 In those cases that are very severe, where, following a sudden 
 onset, there are chills and debility amounting almost to collapse, 
 put the patient to bed, apply external heat and give hot drinks. 
 If there is vomiting, put a large Mustard plaster over the stomach, 
 put the feet into hot water, and give a cathartic and stimulants. 
 The Salicylate of Soda powders are applicable to these cases, and 
 will prove the very best remedy that can be given. 
 
 Following these cases, mild or severe, there is often a trouble- 
 some and persistent cough: Malto Yerbine, given in teaspoonful 
 doses six or eight times a day is often a specific for this cough. 
 
 Where the severer form attacks old people, supporting treat- 
 ment in the form of nourishing food and tonics is always needed, 
 and even the same precaution taken by those of younger years 
 will prove of benefit by hastening a more complete and satisfactory 
 cure. For those cases needing a tonic, give the following: 
 
 Fellows' Compound Syrup of Hypo- 
 phosphates 3 ounces. 
 
 Maltine 6 " 
 
 Mix together by shaking the bottle, and 
 take in tablespoonful doses before or imme- 
 13 diately after meals. 
 
194 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 This will prove one of the most nutritive and satisfactory 
 remedies that can be taken. Following a severe case, great care 
 should be exercised to guard against exposure, as the second 
 attack is liable to be more disastrous than the first. 
 
 B. If in mild form this seldom requires medical attendance. 
 Keep the patient in the house and, if possible, on the bed or sofa 
 for two or three days. Meat should be avoided and the diet 
 restricted to simple and easily digested food. Moderate quantities 
 of cold drinks should be taken, such as fruit juices, lemonade, 
 raspberry vinegar, etc. Quinine in moderate doses should be 
 taken from the first. The tickling cough calls for steam inhala- 
 tions, and the air of the room may be kept moist by the evapora- 
 tion of water kept boiling in a broad, shallow vessel. If the case 
 is severe, a physician should be called. 
 
 C. Take for the head and backache 5 to 10 grains Phen- 
 acetine. For an adult follow with doses of 1 drop each of Tincture 
 of Aconite and Spirits of Camphor every two hours. — (8). 
 
 D. Five grains of Quinine every four hours, with 1 grain of 
 Dover's Powder and 1 grain of Camphor with each dose. — (7). 
 
 E. Quinine 1 drachm. 
 
 Dover's Powder % 
 
 Capsicum 30 grains. 
 
 Calomel 1 
 
 Mix, divide into 12 powders and take 1 
 every two to four hours. — (46). 
 
 F. Soak the feet, put to bed and give warm herb teas 
 to produce sweating. Move the bowels with a mild cathartic, 
 such as Rhubarb Syrup, which for an adult may be given in 
 dessertspoonful doses three or four times a day. Also give from 
 3- to 5-grain doses of Quinine every four hours. As additional 
 nourishment, if the appetite is poor, give the following: 
 
 Milk 10 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Good Brandy or Whiskey... 5 " 
 
 Add to this the white of an egg, thoroughly beaten, and 2 
 tablespoonfuls of white sugar. Give a tablespoonful, say every 
 four hours. — (71). 
 
 INSANITY. — While some cases are violent, it should be 
 remembered that many cases are mild. Insanity does not neces- 
 sarily mean a dangerous condition of the mind, and no strictly 
 dividing line can be drawn between sanity and insanity. It is 
 well known that from time to time sane people have been placed 
 in insane asylums. It is also well known that in each case before 
 being removed, the prisoner was examined by those supposed to 
 be capable judges. So long as a man's speech and actions con- 
 form to the general standard, his right to individual citizenship is 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 195 
 
 unquestioned. His manner may be overbearing, maybe pleasing 
 or displeasing, may be mild or energetic; his habits may be cleanly 
 or unhygienic; he may resort to sharp practices, or be easily led 
 by others; his dealings may be questionable or honest; his 
 conduct may be strange, or may be within the limits of good 
 judgment; his temper may be mild or vicious; but so long as he 
 does not pass beyond a certain limit, he will not be molested. 
 His self-control may be the result of far-sighted cunning, or the 
 result of legitimate business and moral principles; that makes 
 no difference regarding the question of sanity so long as the 
 instincts of propriety dominate. So long as this is true, the man 
 is safe from the charge of insanity. By a failure to fully develop 
 our faculties, by perverted instincts through bad company and 
 bad habits, we all contain, perhaps, elements of insanity. 
 
 Insanity is caused by indigestion, whether resulting from the 
 prolonged use of alcohol or other cause. This is followed by the 
 morbid influence of unhealthy blood. We all understand that this 
 condition produces disease of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, etc. ; 
 it also produces disease of the brain. The organs mentioned 
 undergo structural changes. One-fifth of all the blood in the 
 body goes to nourish the brain. For this reason the brain is 
 much more exposed to the morbid influence of septic blood, and 
 it is no wonder that it also undergoes structural changes. If the 
 morbid influence continues, there is a molecular change in the 
 brain substance, i. e. t its chemistry is altered. It cannot be 
 otherwise. Unhealthy blood never did and never will produce 
 normal, healthy tissue in the brain or anywhere else. Again, the 
 lack of normal or uniform development of the nervous system, 
 while it may not cause insanity, may cause the individual to com- 
 mit rash, immoral or illegal acts. Any and all of these conditions 
 are made worse by bad company, which tends to develop low, 
 vicious habits. 
 
 The controlling center of the nervous system is the brain 
 and spinal cord. The brain is situated in the skull, and the cord 
 in a canal formed in the spinal column. The nerves escape 
 through little openings called foramen. All of the tissues of the 
 body, including the brain, are composed of small particles of 
 matter called cells. The cells vary in composition according to 
 the part or organ in which they are placed, and according to the 
 duties which they perform. In the brain these cells are situated 
 externally, or on the surface. They are gray in color and form a 
 layer about one- quarter of an inch deep. The surface of the 
 brain is marked by deep fissures or grooves, and these are also 
 filled with the gray cells — Nature's method of economizing 
 space. With the fissures or convolutions unfolded, or spread 
 out, the surface of the brain would measure about four square 
 
ig6 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 feet. The gray cells, or the outer surface of the brain, furnish 
 the source from which all human power is supposed to emanate. 
 Internally the brain is composed of nerve fibers. The nerves are 
 lighter in color and, as stated elsewhere, are no more nor less 
 than prolongations or long-drawn-out thread-like processes of the 
 nerve cells. All are held together by a framework of delicate 
 tissue called connective tissue, or neuroglia. In the spinal cord 
 the gray cells are located internally and the fibers externally. 
 
 The brain is the center of the nervous system. In health it 
 is the seat of judgment, reason and memory; in a word, the seat of 
 government. Pain, injury or any trouble is at once transmitted 
 to the brain by the nerve fibers, just as a message is sent by 
 means of a telegraph wire. The brain is the central station, 
 understands all messages, and instantly forms a complete concep- 
 tion of the situation or condition, understands the wish, desire, 
 danger or trouble, and sends back the order of action. The 
 outer covering of the brain, or nerve cells, is the seat of reason, 
 judgment, emotion, sensation, pleasure, pain, and all that we 
 see, hear, enjoy or suffer; but with the molecular or elementary 
 change above described, these cells are unable to receive, analyze 
 or transmit thought and action intelligently. Instead the mind 
 becomes clouded, dull, stupid or vicious, and insanity results. 
 The function of the nerve fibers differs from that of the nerve 
 cells, as it is the duty of the fibers to convey such thought, sensa- 
 tion, etc. The nerve fibers are only the material substance 
 through which thought and sensation are expressed, just as wire 
 is the material substance through which a telegraphic message 
 is expressed. In the same way the nerve cells are the material 
 substance through which intelligence is made manifest, just 
 as the steel of a magnet is the material substance through 
 which magnetic influence is made manifest. The nervous 
 system with its five senses is but the marvelous expression 
 of the one great power. The five senses are evidence of the 
 wisdom of the Creator: The sense of touch is more acute in the 
 fingers than on the elbow or the nose, because it is more conven- 
 ient to feel with the hands; the sense of taste is left to the mouth, 
 because that is where the food must be placed before being eaten; 
 the eyes and ears are placed in the head so that we can see and 
 hear while we are using our hands and feet; the sense of smell is 
 placed in the nasal cavities because the air is constantly passing 
 through them to the lungs, hence we are able to detect the first 
 symptoms of decay, bad air or foul odor. 
 
 While the brain is the great center of the nervous system, 
 the spinal cord also contains many subordinate nerve centers. 
 Many nerve fibers extend downward from the brain and join with 
 those of the spinal cord, and the subordinate centers thus formed 
 
DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 197 
 
 may be compared with a switch-board in large telegraph offices 
 where messages are received by one system and transmitted by 
 another. So also in the nervous system: Messages are received 
 by one system and sent to the brain by another, hence the 
 centers in the cord are under the control of the brain. Life, 
 force and intelligence pervade the nervous system everywhere, 
 and it is this unseen influence which conveys impressions and 
 controls our actions. 
 
 The nervous system is divided into the cerebrospinal and 
 sympathetic. The cerebro -spinal includes those nerves which have 
 their origin in the brain and spinal cord. The sympathetic is so 
 called because it is believed to produce sympathy between the 
 different organs and tissues of the body. The cerebro -spinal 
 nerves are under the control of the will. They supply the volun- 
 tary or external muscles — those under our control. The sympa- 
 thetic nerves are connected with the brain and spinal cord indi- 
 rectly, and are not under the control of the will. They supply the 
 involuntary or internal muscles — those of the stomach, heart, 
 liver, kidneys, etc. The sympathetic nerve fibers have their 
 origin just in front of the spinal column; they are connected with 
 the cord indirectly, and also continue up into the brain. The 
 sympathetic system forms large ganglions, or bundles, of nerve 
 fibers in different parts of the body. One of the largest is sit- 
 uated just behind the stomach and is called the solar plexus. 
 This is why a sharp blow or injury over this point produces such 
 a shock, and why, if severe enough, unconsciousness, collapse, 
 and even death may follow. When we refer to the "pit" of the 
 stomach, it is this bundle of nerve fibers that has been disturbed. 
 Iyike the centers in the spinal cord, these groups of nerve fibers 
 communicate with and are under the control of the brain. 
 
 As stated, a lack of development of the nervous system is 
 often the cause of crime. This is the reason some persons commit 
 crime while others do not. It has also been stated that a lack of 
 development may be the result of bad company, bad habits or 
 low moral surroundings. These influences tend to develop only 
 the baser elements of human nature, while the higher and nobler 
 instincts are allowed to remain dormant. Children and young 
 people otherwise bright may lack development in some particular. 
 This may lead to drink or dishonesty in early life, and be wholly 
 overcome in later years when experience has taught them that 
 which they did not know. A lack of development may render it 
 easy or difficult to be moral. One class scarcely needs the re- 
 straining influence of the law ; another class becomes criminals in 
 spite of the law. Mental traits and characteristics reside in the 
 subtle force expressed through the nervous system. When there 
 is improper or imperfect development, we should by proper influ- 
 
198 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 ence raise the unfortunate, if possible, to honest citizenship, 
 rather than be so fierce in our thirst for their punishment. Man 
 can be led, but he cannot be driven. 
 
 INSOMNIA. — Insomnia is a disease of the nervous system 
 in which there is inability to sleep. This may exist alone or be 
 connected with some other affection. It is a sign of disease even 
 if there is no pain or other evidence of suffering. It may be the 
 result of mental overwork. 
 
 TrE ATM ENTS . — 
 
 A. If an accompaniment of other disease, the treatment 
 should be directed to the disease proper; if due to mental over- 
 work, Chloral or the Bromides are the best remedies. Of the 
 Chloral, 20 grains, well diluted in water, may be given at one 
 dose; of the Bromide of Potash, 40 grains, also well diluted in 
 water, may be given at cne dose. Or better, 20 grains of each 
 may be given together. If sleep is not produced in two or three 
 hours, one-half the dose — 10 grains of each — may be given. If 
 eight or nine hours' sleep can be secured, it will greatly refresh 
 and strengthen the individual and lessen the danger of a recur- 
 rence of the trouble on the succeeding night. He should be released 
 from his daily cares to as great an extent as possible, should take 
 out-of-door exercise, and give special attention to diet, elimina- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 B. A hot bath for twenty to thirty minutes before going to 
 bed.-( 45 ). 
 
 C. Trionol 1 drachm. 
 
 Sulphonol 1 " 
 
 Mix, divide into 12 powders and take one 
 at bedtime. — (46). 
 
 D. A brisk cathartic, followed by 10-grain doses of Bromide 
 of Potassium every three hours. — (7). 
 
 INTERMITTENT FEVER. — (See under Malarial 
 Fevers) . 
 
 INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION.— Intestinal Obstruc- 
 tion is a condition in which natural movement is prevented by 
 mechanical means. It may follow inflammation resulting from 
 injury. The obstruction may be partial or complete, acute (sudden) 
 or chronic. Acute obstruction is due to the sudden narrowing or 
 stoppage of some portion of the bowel; chronic obstruction is due 
 to the gradual narrowing or stoppage of some portion of the bowel. 
 A chronic narrowing may at any time become acute. When the 
 obstruction also includes the shutting off of the circulation, it is 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 199 
 
 called strarigulation. Strangulation may follow an internal hernia. 
 The small bowel is driven through some narrow internal opening, 
 which may be the result of inflammation of the peritoneum at 
 some previous time. The peritoneum lines the whole abdominal 
 cavity and also surrounds the stomach and bowels. As a result 
 of inflammation this membrane may have grown fast at different 
 points, thus forming openings between the attached surfaces. Fol- 
 lowing a mild form of appendicitis, the outer end of the appendix 
 may have grown fast, leaving a narrow slit or space beneath ; 
 following inflammation of the tubes or ovaries, there may have 
 been adhesions leaving small openings; inflammatory conditions 
 of tumors may result in adhesion and small clefts or openings. 
 Through any of these a loop of the small intestine may be driven. 
 This would constitute an Internal Hernia, and if the pressure was 
 severe enough to shut off the circulation, it would be called 
 strangulated. The only difference between an internal and an 
 external hernia is that the external hernia gives positive signs of 
 its presence by the swelling produced, while the presence of an 
 internal hernia is suspected only from the symptoms, and the 
 symptoms may closely resemble other forms of obstruction. 
 
 Causes. — Mechanical obstruction of the bowels may be due to 
 any of the following: 
 
 Internal Hernia, Volvulus, Intersusception, pressure from 
 Tumor Growths, E?ilarged Spleen, partial Paralysis, with corre- 
 sponding loss of peristalsis, Stone — Enteroliths, or foreign 
 bodies in. 
 
 The most frequent cause of obstruction is constipation, as 
 this causes a gradual absorption of the fluids, leaving the contents 
 of the bowel a dry and hardened mass. 
 
 Internal Hernia, Obstruction from. — Symptoms. — The 
 attack is sudden and severe, and usually follows some violent 
 exercise. Vomiting begins early and is continuous, and soon 
 becomes stercoracious, that is, some of the contents of the bowel 
 are ejected. There is bloating, soreness comes on in a few hours, 
 the pulse is rapid and feeble and the temperature is subnormal, 
 the patient grows faint and, if relief is not had, collapse and 
 death soon follow. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica 1^ drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Belladonna 2 " 
 
 Laudanum 2 " 
 
 Glycerine enough to make 2 ounces. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful of this mixture every thirty minutes 
 until the face is flushed. The Nux Vomica will increase peri- 
 stalsis—the natural movement of the bowels. Belladonna will 
 
200 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 relieve the spasmodic condition that is always present at the 
 beginning, and the Laudanum will quiet the pain. This remedy 
 is as good as any, yet it is dangerous to depend upon medicine in 
 cases of this kind. Usually an operation is needed, and the earlier 
 this is performed the better. 
 
 Volvulus. — This means a twisting of a section of the bowel, 
 forming a kink. It usually occurs low down in the large bowel, 
 or rectum. Or two intestinal coils of the small bowel may become 
 twisted together; this occurs high up in the small bowel. Either 
 may cause obstruction. 
 
 Cause. — The most frequent cause is constipation. 
 
 Symptoms. — If the small bowel becomes twisted, the symp- 
 toms correspond to internal hernia. When occurring low down 
 in the large bowel, the condition is usually preceded by constipa- 
 tion, and one of the early symptoms is sudden pain. If vomiting 
 occurs, it is late — after several hours or a day — and is not severe, 
 only the contents of the stomach being ejected. There is no fever; 
 the temperature may be subnormal. If not relieved, there is 
 bloating and soreness, commencing in the left side. The pulse is 
 rapid and feeble. Serious symptoms, as collapse, are not likely to 
 occur early. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If due to constipation, which is the most common cause, 
 thorough elimination is the treatment. Give 10 grains of Calo- 
 mel, or other active cathartic, and give large injections of warm 
 soapy water regularly every hour, elevating the hips of the patient 
 and having the ejections retained as long as possible each time. 
 Gently kneading the bowels while giving the injections is of 
 benefit. The pain may be overcome with a few drops of Lauda- 
 num. If the patient is pale, cold and weak, give stimulants — 
 hot drinks, hot pepper tea, whiskey sling, artificial heat — any 
 means of bringing the blood to the surface. If improvement does 
 not soon take place, send for a doctor. 
 
 If the small bowel becomes twisted, an operation will proba- 
 bly be necessary. Medicinal treatment would be the same as 
 that for internal hernia, or perhaps in such case 6 ounces of 
 Sweet Oil given internally would be better. 
 
 Intersusception. — This is a slipping of one portion of the 
 small bowel into another, like slipping one-half the finger of a 
 glove into the other half. 
 
 Cause — The cause is said to be increased peristalsis, or too 
 much activity in the movement of the bowels. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 201 
 
 Symptoms. — Tenesmus, or frequent desire to evacuate the 
 bowels. Mucus and blood are passed, there is a little bloating, 
 and usually vomiting, but only of the contents of the stomach. 
 The prolapsed bowel may extend the whole length of the digest- 
 ive tract and be detected in the rectum. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Keep the patient quiet; give 6-ounce dose of pure Sweet Oil; 
 repeat in two hours, if needed. Control the pain with a few 
 drops of L,audanum, and institute the usual treatment for vomit- 
 ing. I^arge hot Mustard plasters over the stomach is one of the 
 best means. If the patient is cold, apply heat and give hot 
 drinks. If there is no improvement, send for the doctor. These 
 cases generally need operation. 
 
 Tumor Growths. — Pressure from tumors of the uterus, 
 ovaries, kidneys or other internal viscera may cause mechanical 
 obstruction of the bowel. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms from this form of obstruction 
 come on gradually, occasional pains becoming more frequent and 
 severe. There is a history of constipation. There may be occa- 
 sional vomiting, the appetite is poor, and there is more or less 
 dyspepsia, headache and bloating. If the tumor is inside the 
 bowel, there will be blood and pus in the eliminations. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Operation is the only means of affording permanent relief. 
 See Tumors. 
 
 Enlargement of the Spleen. — An enlarged spleen is 
 evidence of an unhealthy system. The spleen is supplied with 
 blood vessels which are larger in proportion to the size of the 
 organ than those supplying other structures. This increases the 
 danger and results in greater structural changes. The circulation 
 is not carried on through the spleen the same as through other 
 organs, but the blood flows through large channels or sinuses 
 which are formed of the spleen itself. This brings the effects of 
 unhealthy and irritating blood in direct contact with the tissues 
 of the spleen, hence the organ is liable to a chronic form of 
 inflammation and enlargement. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms come on gradually and corre- 
 spond to those described under tumor growth. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment would be general, or systemic. One of the 
 best remedies for enlarged spleen is Hydrochlorate of Berberine 
 in ^ -grain doses, taken four times a day — with meals and at bed- 
 time. 
 
202 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Paralysis. — What is called the ulnar nerve supplies a part of 
 the forearm. At the elbow this nerve occupies an exposed 
 position, and sometimes receives a slight blow which causes a 
 peculiar sensation of numbness to extend along the arm and 
 fingers. This is the sensation when one hits his "crazy bone." 
 This same temporary numbness and partial loss of power may be 
 produced in the bowels by the constant pressure resulting from 
 chronic constipation, but this condition would not properly come 
 under the head of paralysis. 
 
 Stone, or Enteroliths.— Symptoms.— There will be a history 
 of occasional colicky pains at that point, also difficulty in bowel 
 movement with increased pain at that time. If acute obstruction 
 occurs, there is intense pain, early vomiting and rapid pulse. 
 The patient is pale and the surface cold. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Six ounces of pure Sweet Oil may be given; also warm water 
 injections every hour. If pain is very severe, give from 10 to 20 
 drops of Laudanum in a little sweetened water. If the patient is 
 pale and the surface cold, give hot drinks, hot whiskey sling, and 
 apply external heat. Any convenient remedies for vomiting may 
 be employed, as, a Mustard plaster over the stomach. If the case 
 does not early respond to treatment, send for a doctor. 
 
 Obstructions from Foreign Bodies. — The obstruction 
 from foreign bodies and also from stone in the bowel occurs low 
 down in the small bowel at its junction with the large, because 
 that is the smallest part of the entire bowel. A stone or foreign 
 body might cause ulceration if not removed, which would be 
 its greatest danger. In case of a foreign body there is a history 
 of something being swallowed. However, any article small 
 enough to pass into the stomach is almost sure to pass through the 
 bowel without difficulty. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is distress for days before the obstruction 
 occurs. If the obstruction comes on suddenly and is complete, 
 there is pain, sharp and desperate, nausea, vomiting, and weak, 
 rapid pulse. The patient is pale, the temperature may be 
 subnormal, and there is great prostration the same as in internal 
 hernia. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Treatment is the same as for Stone or Inter susception. 
 
 Important. — It should be remembered that following obstruc- 
 tion in any part of the bowel the symptoms are more or less alike. 
 The symptoms of acute obstruction from any cause are much the 
 same, and no one can say positively that it is hernia, volvulus 
 or intersusception. In strangulated hernia, that is, where the 
 
DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 203 
 
 circulation is shut off, the symptoms would probably be more 
 severe, yet even in this case there would still remain some doubt 
 until an operation should reveal the true situation. 
 
 IRITIS. — (See under Kye, Diseases of). 
 
 ITCH. — (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 JAUNDICE. — Jaundice is a condition resulting from the 
 obstruction of the bile passages. It is characterized by a yellow 
 discoloration of the skin, preceded or accompanied by languor, 
 and often with nausea. There is also a yellowish tinge to the 
 white of the eye. Constipation is usually present. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is congestion of the bile ducts; or the 
 congestion may be confined to that portion of the duct that opens 
 into the bowels. It is a catarrhal condition, and the catarrh is 
 the same as may exist elsewhere. There is congestion, and a 
 greater or less amount of mucous secretions collect in the tubes 
 and obstruct the flow of bile. The catarrh may result from ex- 
 cessive eating followed by indigestion, from using too much 
 alcohol, may be caused by malaria, or may result from taking 
 cold. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are nausea, loss of appetite and 
 slight fever. There may be diarrhea or constipation, usually the 
 latter. There is a yellowish color to the skin, which also shows 
 in the whites of the eyes. There may be more or less pain in 
 the region of the stomach and bowels. The mind becomes dull 
 and the patient is pervaded by a spirit of languor. The urine 
 contains bile. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. — An active cathartic should be given at once, such as a 
 single dose of Calomel of 5 to 10 grains. The patient should 
 diet for a few days and secure an abundance of fresh air. After 
 securing thorough action from the Calomel, the patient should 
 take one teaspoonful of Phosphate of Soda dissolved in y 2 to */i 
 of a glass of water. This should be taken one hour before each 
 meal. The dose may be increased or diminished as found neces- 
 sary. This remedy has a special action on the liver: It will 
 relieve the congestion, dissolve the mucus and leave the bile ducts 
 free. This insures increased activity along the whole digestive 
 tract. Tonics may be needed for a few days. For this purpose 
 give the following: 
 
 Tincture of Gentian 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Columbo 1 " 
 
 Elixir of Calisaya Bark, enough to 
 
 make..... 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before meals. 
 
204 
 
 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 If the trouble is due to Malaria, see treatment under that 
 head. 
 
 B. Teaspoonful of Soda Phosphate in hot water before meals. 
 Stop beer, tea, coffee and meats. I4ve on bread and Olive Oil. 
 
 -(59). 
 
 C. Calomel ^ grain 
 
 Soda y 2 " 
 
 Get in tablet form and take one every two 
 hours. — (46.) 
 
 JOINTS AND THEIR DISEASES. 
 
 The various bones of which the human skeleton is formed are 
 connected together at different parts or points, and these connec- 
 tions are called joints. 
 
 The articular or adjoining ends of bones are covered with 
 a thin membrane. This membrane is slightly elastic, and in 
 places is thickened, which enables it to break the force of con- 
 cussion, while its smoothness affords freedom of movement. The 
 thickness varies according to the shape of the bone which it 
 covers. If the surface of the bone is convex or rounded, the 
 membrane is thickest in the center where the greatest pressure is 
 received; if the surface is concave or hollow, it is thickest at the 
 border. 
 
 Bones forming movable joints are held together by cartilages 
 and ligaments, and are surrounded by what is called a capsular 
 ligament or membrane. They are also supplied by a synovial 
 membrane. The synovial membrane is a short, wide tube at- 
 tached at either end to the margin of the articular cartilages. 
 It invests the inner surface of the capsular ligament or membrane, 
 and is reflected over the surface of all tendons passing through 
 the cavity. The synovial membrane furnishes a thick fluid 
 which lubricates the opposed surfaces and prevents friction. 
 This fluid resembles the white of an egg, hence the name, synovial. 
 
 Joints are subject to inflammation, acute and chronic; to 
 dislocation; to wounds, both penetrating and non -penetrating; to 
 sprains; to a condition known as white swelling; and to ankylosis, 
 or stiff joint. Inflammation, whether acute or chronic, is usually 
 rheumatic. (See under Rheumatism). Acute inflammation 
 may, however, follow acute inflammatory diseases. It may also 
 occur in the course of pyaemia (blood poisoning) from any cause. 
 In such cases it is usually confined to one joint, the hip or knee, 
 and the fluid which collects soon turns into pus. 
 
No. U. 
 
 I, Muscles moving Foot. 2, Arteries. 3, Tendons of Muscles. 
 4, 5, Veins. Tendon of Heel. 7, Muscles of Calf. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 205 
 
 HIP JOINT DISEASE.— This disease is divided into three 
 stages: The first stage includes an increased blood supply, or con- 
 gestion, and the primary inflammation. In the second stage the 
 inflammation continues, and there is an increased growth of the 
 part due to the increased blood supply; there is also an effusion 
 of blood serum (at first watery) into the surrounding tissue. In 
 the third stage the new tissue and more or less of the surrounding 
 structures degenerate, usually in the'form of pus, which on reach- 
 ing the surface escapes, the same as from any other abscess. The 
 cause of the destruction of tissue is impure blood and pressure 
 due to the swelling and new growth. 
 
 Cause. — Hip joint disease is due to an unhealthy system, the 
 result of poor food, poor digestion and poor surroundings. It is 
 most frequent in those of a scrofulous nature, in the anaemic and 
 those poorly nourished. It may follow infectious diseases, such 
 as scarlet fever or typhoid fever, where they are protracted, or 
 syphilis may be the cause. The hip joint is most often affected 
 because it is larger and more exposed, and also because it supports 
 the weight of the body, hence is subject to pressure, strain and 
 irritation. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of the first stage are slight and 
 may not be noticed. There may be slight pain and possibly lame- 
 ness. The pain may refer to the hip, front of the thigh or the 
 knee, because this is the course taken by the nerve that supplies 
 the hip joint. 
 
 In the second stage the lameness and pain increase, the child 
 limps, and the symptoms are plainly noticeable. The muscles 
 of the hip become shrunken, yet the hip may be broadened by 
 reason of the effusion into the joint. The hip is drawn upward 
 and forward, and the pelvis (hip bone) is tilted so as to rest the 
 weight on the sound limb. This makes the diseased limb appear 
 longer, yet it is not. The thigh, or leg above the knee, is flexed 
 — drawn up. I^ay the child on its back, extend the limb as far as 
 possible, then jar the heel by a sharp blow with the hand and it 
 will cause pain in the hip joint. This is a prominent symptom of 
 hip joint disease. Also an attempt to straighten the limb causes 
 the pelvis (hip bone) to tilt forward. This is due to the fact that 
 the pelvis moves with the limb in order to prevent pain. This 
 causes an increase in the curvature in the small of the back, 
 called Lordosis. Sharp pressure inward on the hip, or any active 
 movement of the joint, causes severe pain. If pus forms, it may 
 break externally and form what is called abscess of the hip. If 
 the disease continues, the ligaments about the joint are de- 
 stroyed, also the membrane covering the head of the bone and 
 that lining the socket are both destroyed. The surfaces of the 
 
206 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 bones are thus brought in direct contact, and gradually they are 
 worn away, both by the disease and by the pressure, and the 
 limb is correspondingly shortened. 
 
 In the third stage the head of the bone is destroyed, the large 
 muscles about the hip draw the limb upward upon the outer sur- 
 face of the pelvis, and the shortening is increased. The limb 
 becomes more flexed — drawn up — and at this time any attempt 
 to straighten it causes the pelvis to tilt forward, as stated. This 
 is Nature's method of preventing pain, which otherwise would be 
 severe. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 A. First, absolute rest. Lay the child on his back on a firm 
 mattress. Make extension in order to relieve the pressure in the 
 joint. A weight should be hung from the limb over the foot of 
 the bed. This weight should be from three to eight pounds, 
 depending upon the size of the child. Use a weight as heavy as 
 the child can bear. Make the extension in the direction in which 
 the limb has become flexed — bent — and gradually, from time to 
 time, endeavor to straighten the limb and bring it to its natural 
 position. Splints are needed, but this part of the treatment 
 belongs to a physician. If the case is seen early, extension for 
 three or four weeks may be sufficient. When the patient gets up, 
 wear a high- heeled shoe on the sound limb. This will allow the 
 weight of the diseased limb to aid in producing continuous exten- 
 sion, thus relieving the joints. 
 
 Internally, give Iodide of Arsenic three times a day, between 
 meals. Give yj-g- of a grain at one dose, more or less according 
 to the age of the child, It is understood, of course, that these 
 cases require proper hygienic surroundings, abundance of fresh 
 air and sunshine, most nourishing food, attention to the elimina- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 Another excellent remedy is the following: 
 
 Fellows' Compound Syrup of Hypo- 
 phosphites 3 ounces. 
 
 Maltine 6 " 
 
 Mix together by shaking the bottle, and 
 take in tablespoonful doses before or imme- 
 diately after meals. 
 
 If the case has become chronic and the joint is destroyed, 
 extension would then be of little value; but seen early, the fore- 
 going treatment would be the most intelligent that could be 
 applied, and in many cases would result favorably. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 207 
 
 WHITE SWELLING.— This form of inflammation is 
 always chronic, and occurs only in those previously unhealthy. In 
 more recent years white swelling is understood to mean tuberculosis 
 or consumption. Consumption is a degenerative change which 
 usually occurs in the lungs, but may occur in any other tissue or 
 part. Occurring in a joint, it may first affect the bone, the 
 membrane surrounding the joint, or any other structure entering 
 into the joint formation. The low form of inflammation present 
 first results in an overgrowth of connective tissue; later the new 
 tissue and more or less of the joint structure soften and degen- 
 erate, the ligaments become relaxed and softened, and there is 
 deformity in proportion. In some cases a large amount of fluid 
 may collect during the earlier stages; in others there may be 
 early degeneration of some part of the membrane surrounding 
 the joint. This results in an opening which may continue to 
 the surface, forming a sinus, from which later there is a more or 
 less constant discharge of pus. In all cases the joint is swollen, 
 and the skin is thickened and firmly adherent to the deeper 
 structures as a result of the low form of inflammation which has 
 existed for some time. There is no redness because the disease 
 is chronic. Nutrition is more or less lacking, circulation is poor, 
 and the color is lighter than normal, hence the term, white 
 swelling. These conditions when affecting other joints are 
 similar to that described under Hip Joint Disease. In these cases 
 there is always more or less danger of general tuberculosis. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. The treatment is both general and local. For general 
 treatment, see Consumption. The local treatment consists first of 
 rest. Plaster casts and other forms of splints are recommended 
 by some and objected to by others. A common seat of the 
 disease is the knee joint, and here extension is valuable the same 
 as in the treatment of Hip Joint Disease. If there is no improve- 
 ment at the end of one month, most surgeons advise injecting 
 into the joint some form of antiseptic solution, usually a 10 per 
 cent solution of Iodoform in Glycerine. Some advise injecting 
 Balsam of Peru. The Iodoform and Balsam combined make a 
 most excellent disinfectant and local stimulant. In those cases 
 where there is a large collection of fluid, it should be removed by 
 an aspirator. 
 
 While the above is the local treatment recommended, we 
 must admit that it often fails to cure, and, in some cases, to 
 afford relief. The real treatment consists in improving the 
 system by attention to diet, elimination, fresh air, etc., as 
 described under Consumption. There is always more or less 
 stiffening of the joint in which the disease occurs. The stiffen- 
 ing is the result of the overgrowth and contraction of connective 
 
208 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 tissue, or the destruction of bone, tendons and ligaments, or of 
 all combined. 
 
 B. Make a liniment of the following: 
 
 Turpentine i ounce. 
 
 Tincture Spanish Fly i " 
 
 Sweet Oil i 
 
 Laudanum i " 
 
 Mix, and bathe the affected part night and 
 morning, rubbing the liniment in well. — (83). 
 
 STIFF JOINT, or ANKYLOSIS.— A stiff joint is the 
 result of inflammation followed by overgrowth and contraction 
 of new connective tissue, or by overgrowth of the bone itself. 
 The first lessens joint movement; the second renders the joint 
 immovable. 
 
 Cause. — This condition may be the result of rheumatism, 
 sprains, fractures into the joint, or any condition that produces 
 inflammation. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Stiff joint may be benefited, but a cure is doubtful. The 
 treatment consists of massage and an attempt to move the joint. 
 This should be practiced daily, or at least every other day, for a 
 long time — perhaps many weeks. Natural movement of the 
 joint should be obtained as far as possible, never carrying the 
 effort to extremes, or far enough to produce pain. The applica- 
 tion of some mild liniment may also be of benefit. For this 
 purpose we recommend the following: 
 
 Tincture of Iodine 2 ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 2 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 At first this mixture will be dark in color, but in a few hours 
 it will become nearly transparent. The result of the mixture is 
 Iodide of Ammonia. This form of Ammonia is mildly stimulat- 
 ing, while the Iodine is one of the best remedies to liquefy the 
 products of inflammation and render the diseased area free from 
 refuse matter. 
 
 It must be remembered, however, that in the majority of 
 these cases the trouble is caused by a deposit of lime salts the 
 same as that of which the bone is formed; in other words, the 
 bones entering into the formation of the joints are more or less 
 solidly united as one bone, hence too much must not be expected. 
 In case of injury to the joint, especially fracture, the condition 
 just described should be anticipated, and passive motion be insti- 
 tuted at the earliest possible moment. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 209 
 
 B. Use a liniment made of the following: 
 
 Wintergreen Oil 1 drachm. 
 
 Olive Oil 1 ounce. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia x /z drachm. 
 
 Oil of Lobelia 20 drops. 
 
 Shake until it is mixed thoroughly, and bathe the joint just 
 before retiring, sitting so the heat from the stove will strike the 
 joint. If it is very stiff, at least ten minutes should be spent in 
 rubbing it. 
 
 THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR DISEASES. 
 
 The kidneys are two small glandular organs or bodies situ- 
 ated in the back part of the abdominal cavity. They are enclosed 
 in a thin membrane of connective tissue, which is attached to the 
 surrounding structure and thus holds the organs in position. 
 They are also supported by the arteries and veins which enter 
 and pass through the opening at the pelvis. 
 
 Position. — If a long needle should be driven through the body 
 2 x / 2 inches either side the median line — the center of the body — 
 and one inch above the umbilicus — navel — it would graze the 
 lower end of the kidney. The kidneys extend from this point 
 upward and a little inward for a distance of about 4^ inches, 
 locating them from behind, they would be found 2^ inches 
 either side the center of the body, and covering the last dorsal 
 and four upper lumbar vertebrae — bones which aid in forming the 
 spinal column. Counting from above downward, this means the 
 nineteenth and twenty-third vertebrae, inclusive. Locating them 
 from the side, they extend from the eleventh rib nearly to the 
 highest point of the hip bone. The one on the right side is a 
 little lower than the one on the left, being crowded down by the 
 liver. In size they are about 4}^ inches long, 2 inches wide, 
 and 1 inch thick. The flat surfaces face front and back, while 
 the edges face outward and inward. 
 
 At the inner border or edge there is an opening called the 
 pelvis. Reading from the pelvis, small tubes penetrate the organ in 
 all directions. These tubes are lined with specialized cells which 
 collect from the passing blood stream those elements that 
 Nature has designed the kidneys to eliminate. Each tube termin- 
 ates in a bulbous portion called glomeruli. The pelvis opens into 
 the ureters and the ureters into the bladder. Really it is all one 
 tube, varying in size and terminating in many small branches. 
 First, the dilated portion, or bladder ; next, the ureters, which 
 are about sixteen inches long ; then the small dilatation, or 
 pelvis of the kidney; and last, leading from the pelvis, the many 
 
 14 
 
2IO FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 small collecting tubes and their branches which terminate in a 
 dilated extremity as stated. 
 
 The arteries which supply the kidneys are very large in pro- 
 portion to the size of the organs. The kidneys are but a bundle 
 of blood vessels and collecting tubes, which from their winding 
 course contain a large amount of blood and fluid. The import- 
 ance of these organs may be better understood when it is remem- 
 bered that should their action be suspended for twenty -four to 
 forty-eight hours, death would probably result from the retained 
 poisons. 
 
 The kidneys are subject to the following diseases: 
 
 Abscess, 
 
 Amyloid Degeneration, 
 Bright's Disease, or Inflammation, 
 Congestion, or Albuminuria, 
 Floating and Movable, 
 Stone or Gravel in, 
 Hydronephrosis, or distension from 
 retained urine. 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE KIDNEY.— Cause— An abscess 
 may result from an injury or from a stone in the kidney, or by 
 blocking of the ureter from any cause. Abscess of the kidney 
 may also be caused by blood poisoning. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of abscess of the kidney are 
 sometimes slight so far as pain is concerned, although usually 
 there is pain which extends to the groin. With the beginning of 
 pus formation there may be chills. In those cases which we have 
 seen the most prominent symptoms were the loss of appetite and 
 the general wasting of flesh. The symptoms resemble consump- 
 tion, with the exception of the cough. They also resemble 
 cancer. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 As stated elsewhere, there is but one rule for abscess; wher- 
 ever pus forms, free incision should be made and thorough drain- 
 age established. This requires the services of a physician. Every 
 attention should be paid to the general health. 
 
 AMYLOID DEGENERATION.— (See under Liver, 
 Diseases of). 
 
 In 1827 Dr. Bright, an English physician, first gave some 
 description of the changes which occur in kidney disease, and as 
 a result it has been the custom with some to apply the term 
 "Bright's Disease" to every variety and all forms of kidney 
 trouble. By others the term is restricted to the chronic form, 
 that is, where the disease has progressed far enough to produce 
 
^< r : 
 
 6 \^: 
 
 
 ■%&*■ 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 i, Vein. 2, Artery. 3, Large Artery from Heart. 4, Diaphragm 
 (cut off). 5, Kidneys. 6, Supra-renal Capsule. 7, Ureter. 8, Large 
 Intestine. 9, Bladder. 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 2 1 1 
 
 structural changes. There are still others who do not use the 
 expression at all, claiming that it is meaningless — that it conveys 
 no intelligent idea — that it cannot, because there are so many- 
 forms of kidney disease. Personally, we believe that to call a 
 disease after a man's name is a very foolish habit. However, as 
 the term Bright' s disease has become so firmly fixed in the public 
 mind, it is used here. 
 
 BRIGHT'S DISEASE— INTERSTICIAL NEPHRI- 
 TIS—CIRRHOSIS OF THE KIDNEYS.— This disease is 
 always chronic. L,ike other structures, the kidneys have a con- 
 nective tissue framework which penetrates the organ in all 
 directions. The low form of inflammation which is present in 
 B fight's Disease produces an overgrowth of this framework, which 
 later contracts and destroys the organ. The shrinkage is most 
 marked on the convex or outer portion because it contains the 
 most connective tissue. The first effects of this form of the 
 disease upon the kidneys is upon the secretive cells which line 
 the collecting tubes, because in their efforts to remove from the 
 circulation the irritants which cause the trouble, these cells be- 
 come overworked. The blood, which is defective, affords poor 
 nourishment, hence the shrinkage of the collecting tubes and their 
 dilated extremities — the glomeruli — is among the earliest changes. 
 Following close upon these changes is the thickening of the 
 arteries and increase of connective tissue. With such increase 
 the capsule, or thin membrane which envelops the kidneys, be- 
 comes thickened and firmly adherent to the surface of the organs. 
 The contraction of the new tissue constricts more or less the 
 collecting tubes. Some may be entirely closed. Their distal or 
 outer end may continue to secrete or collect from the passing 
 blood stream, and, there being no escape for the fluid, the little 
 tubes become dilated and thus small cysts or sacs are formed. 
 These may vary in size from a millet seed to a small marble. 
 The contracting fibers close around the glomeruli, or dilated ends 
 of the collecting tubes: Some are pressed together in groups or 
 bunches; some are converted into a solid mass of connective tissue, 
 the delicate blood vessels which filled them during health having 
 been wholly obliterated; others may show a thickening of the 
 connective tissue capsules which enclose them. The glomeruli 
 may contain clotted plasma from the fluid part of the blood, which 
 now somewhat resembles starch. Some may contain pus. Some 
 of the collecting tubes are destroyed. Others are surrounded or 
 embedded in connective tissue overgrowth. These are irregular- 
 ly dilated, the contracting fibers which surround them having 
 drawn them outward. Some contain dead and dying cells — the 
 secreting cells which lined them. These, having been destroyed or 
 
212 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 dislodged by pressure, are in all stages of degeneration. The 
 whole organ becomes shrunken. The cortex or outer portion is 
 nearly obliterated. 
 
 Cause. — It may be produced by alcohol or by syphilis; it may 
 follow repeated attacks of congestion; it may be caused by some 
 of the infectious diseases, especially scarlet fever; it may be caused 
 by irritants resulting from dyspepsia and constipation. Under 
 the description of the kidneys it was stated that their blood 
 supply was larger in proportion to their size than that of most 
 organs, and irritants in the blood continually rasping through 
 these structures will sooner or later set up a mild form of inflam- 
 mation, at first unnoticed. This is why this form of disease 
 comes on so insidiously. The same is true when it is produced 
 by alcohol. 
 
 Symptoms. — There are no early symptoms. Perhaps an in- 
 creased amount of urine is one of the first. During the disease 
 the circulation through the kidneys is interfered with, and so 
 much blood is forced back toward the stomach and heart that the 
 latter beats more forcibly. This causes distension of the blood 
 vessels and interferes with the circulation, causing dizziness, 
 headache and nosebleed; while the congestion about the stomach 
 may cause dyspepsia and perhaps vomiting. An examina- 
 tion of some of these troubles may reveal the real cause — 
 Bright' s Disease. All of the symptoms mentioned are the result 
 of congestion or over-distension of the blood vessels. Urea 
 is a poisonous waste product which in health is eliminated by 
 the kidneys, but during Bright' s disease, and especially toward 
 the latter stages, the kidneys are unable to discharge this duty. 
 The urea collecting in the system may produce uraemic poison- 
 ing, resulting in epileptic attacks; hence death is usually preceded 
 by convulsions and coma, due to uraemic poisoning. Dropsy 
 is not present. The urine may contain a small amount of 
 albumen. During the progress of the disease the arteries may 
 become more or less weakened and, as a result of heavy lifting 
 or sudden bending forward, the powerful heart action may 
 rupture a vessel in the brain, causing apoplexy. With care 
 and proper diet the patient may live for many years. 
 
 BRIGHT' S DISEAS E.— PARENCHYMATOUS 
 NEPHRITIS. — This is another form of chronic kidney disease. 
 In this form of the disease the kidneys, instead of being lessened 
 in size, are enlarged. The enlargement is mostly confined to the 
 outer portion. Under Interstitial Nephritis it was stated that this 
 part contains more connective tissue. This tissue forms a loose 
 mesh work which is capable of great distension, hence the enlarge- 
 ment. The enlargement is caused mostly by the exudation of 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 213 
 
 inflammatory products which pass from the circulation through 
 the walls of the vessels and into the substance of the organs. 
 The kidneys may become twice their natural size. Their surface 
 is smooth, and the capsule or membrane which encloses them is 
 but loosely attached, thus differing from the intersticial form, 
 where it is firmly adherent. The kidneys are light in color. 
 The collecting tubes which penetrate them in all directions are 
 irregularly dilated and are more or less filled with the specialized 
 cells which lined them during health. These are the cells which 
 normally collect the urine and other waste products eliminated 
 by this course. The tubes also contain various other products 
 of inflammation and deb? is. The change within the tubes is 
 more marked than in the intersticial variety. In this disease the 
 urine is scanty and high colored, hence there is dropsy from the 
 beginning. As the disease advances the dropsy increases until 
 the abdominal cavity may become enormously distended. 
 Albumen is present throughout the disease. 
 
 Cause. — The same as that given under Intersticial Nephritis. 
 
 Symptoms. — Many of the symptoms are also the same, such 
 as headache, dizziness, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, etc. 
 In the following comparative table the more important symptoms 
 are arranged with a view of making them more easily remembered: 
 
 Intersticial Nephritis. 
 
 There is an increased amount 
 of urine. 
 
 Albumen may be present in 
 small quantities, and at times 
 may be absent. 
 
 There is no dropsy. 
 
 Nosebleed, and may be other 
 hemorrhage. In the later 
 stages there may be hemor- 
 rhage from the brain, causing 
 apoplexy. The reason is that 
 the shrunken condition of the 
 kidneys obstructs the circula- 
 tion and causes congestion. 
 
 The congestion may extend 
 from the brain along the artery 
 that supplies the eyes and cause 
 the latter to look red. 
 
 The disease occurs under forty. 
 
 Parenchymatous Nephritis. 
 
 The amount of urine is less- 
 ened. 
 
 Albumen is always present, 
 the amount increasing as the 
 disease progresses. 
 
 Dropsy from the beginning, 
 increasing as the disease pro- 
 gresses. 
 
 There is no hemorrhage be- 
 cause the kidneys remain large 
 and the circulation is less inter- 
 fered with, hence there is no 
 congestion. 
 
 The eyes are not affected. 
 
 Disease occurs over forty. 
 
214 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — Interstictai, Nephritis. — 
 
 Avoid all alcoholic stimulants and highly seasoned foods. 
 Food should be taken in moderate amounts, and only that which 
 is most easily digested and most nourishing. Avoid all excite- 
 ment and active exercise. Take life as easy as the circumstances 
 will allow. It will be readily seen that the main object of 
 treatment in this form of disease is to check the connective tissue 
 overgrowth. Perhaps the Iodides in some form are best for this 
 purpose: Iodide of Arsenic in -^ of a grain dose between meals 
 and at bedtime; or if the patient is anaemic, give Iodide of Iron 
 — the same dose taken at the same time. Strict attention should 
 be paid to digestion and elimination. Any article of food inter- 
 fering with digestion should be discontinued. There may be 
 times when artificial digestants are needed. Basham's Mixture 
 or Tincture of Iron may be given after meals in the same dose as 
 directed under Parenchymatous Nephritis. Basham's Mixture 
 should be freshly made in small quantity. Frequent baths are 
 valuable in this as in other diseases. Secure good ventilation 
 and proper hygienic surroundings. This disease runs a chronic 
 course. At the end of two months any form of medication that 
 proves valuable should be discontinued for a time — perhaps two 
 weeks — and then taken up again. 
 
 Treatments. — Parenchymatous Nephritis. — 
 
 What to Do. — This disease creeps on stealthily, and is usually 
 well seated before a doctor is consulted. It would be an excellent 
 idea for any person to have the urine tested every two or three 
 years, in which case, if any morbid condition is present it may be 
 discovered in time to reach it by medical aid. 
 
 A. The patient should take life easy, resting as much as 
 possible. He should confine himself to a milk diet — one-half to 
 one glass every four hours, taken hot and drank slowly. If other 
 food is allowed, it should consist of a limited amount of fish, 
 toast, apples baked or stewed, spinach, celery, lettuce, tapioca 
 and macaroni. 
 
 Avoid tea, coffee, alcohol in any form, and all other stimu- 
 lants, as they increase the inflammation and lessen the power of 
 the kidneys to eliminate solids, of which urea is the most import- 
 ant because the most dangerous. 
 
 It is best to hold strictly to the milk diet until the albumen 
 disappears, and then add only one extra dish at a time, test the 
 urine frequently, and return to the milk diet if albumen 
 re-appears. 
 
 Dropsical conditions are best controlled by keeping the 
 bowels active. Cream of Tartar, Salts, Jalap, Klaterium and 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 21 5 
 
 other active cathartics may be given. Hot baths should also be 
 taken. No remedy or food should be given that causes nausea 
 or interferes with digestion. 
 
 B. An excellent remedy, and one we have used with much 
 success, is the following: 
 
 Epsom Salts 1 ounce. 
 
 Aromatic Cascara 1 " 
 
 Water, add to make 1 pint. 
 
 Dose: A tablespoonful four times a day, 
 more or less often as needed. The dose should 
 be increased, if necessary, to keep the bowels 
 active. 
 
 C. Avoid taking cold. Wear heavy flannel or woolen next 
 to the skin, winter and summer. The kidneys have but little 
 reserve force and a cold might precipitate an acute attack, which 
 would be only too apt to end fatally. Keep good ventilation, and 
 improve the surroundings with proper hygienic measures. — (65). 
 
 D. Any one who has Bright' s disease should have the care 
 of a good physician, so as to meet symptoms as they appear. 
 
 I use Alkalithia, one bottle. Take a teaspoonful before each 
 meal in water, drink while effervescing, and take a dessertspoonful 
 after each meal of Basham's Mixture. 
 
 E. Avoid taking cold. Wear flannel next the skin, which 
 should be kept clean and moist. Internal medication too serious 
 for any one but a doctor to undertake. — (14). 
 
 F. Dress in flannel all the year around. Avoid catching cold 
 or sudden chilling of surface. Drink lots of water and milk. 
 Avoid all alcoholics, especially sour wine. Follow doctor's direc- 
 tions and the disease may be controlled for years. — (13). 
 
 G. Hot baths, frequently repeated. Warm flannel clothing. 
 Milk diet, avoiding all stimulants. Tincture of Iron in 20-drop 
 doses, well diluted, after meals and at bedtime. — (7). 
 
 CONGESTION, or ALBUMINURIA.— Albumen is an 
 element of nutrition resulting from food products. The best 
 example of albumen, or its purest form, may be found in the 
 white of an egg. Albumen is always present in the blood, but in 
 health the kidneys do not permit its passage into the urine. 
 Albuminwia is a term used when there is albumen present in the 
 urine, its presence indicating disease, which may be either mild 
 or serious. A mild form results from taking cold or from injury. 
 This form is called Congestion and usually does not last long, 
 the kidneys soon returning to a normal condition. Occurring in 
 a chronic form, albuminuria is known as Bright' s disease. See 
 Bright's Disease. 
 
2 16 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — In mild cases the symptoms may escape notice 
 altogether. In a more acute stage the symptoms are as follows: 
 Pain in the back and region of the kidneys, which may be mild 
 or severe in proportion to the amount of congestion; fever is 
 present, the bowels are more or less constipated, and the urine is 
 high-colored. Occurring with or following the infectious diseases 
 of children, the above symptoms are usually absent, and when 
 the child returns to health the kidneys return to a normal condi- 
 tion. 
 
 It is taught that there are exceptional cases where albumin- 
 uria is a natural condition, that is, where albumen is constantly 
 present in the urine without disease. The amount in such cases 
 is small. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. For a severe case, rest in bed, with hot fomentations to 
 the small of the back and across the abdomen; active cathartics; 
 milk diet from 24 to 48 hours, depending upon the severity of 
 the case; if the fever is high, Aconite or other such remedies. 
 The patient should keep quiet a few days until the pain has 
 ceased, and the fever, soreness and other troubles have disap- 
 peared. 
 
 B. Take the silk from the ears of corn when they are first 
 silking out, and also peach tree leaves. Put these in an earthen 
 dish and steep as you would tea. Strain and take a tablespoon- 
 ful 3 to 5 times a day. If it is not the season of the year that 
 you can obtain the above, the following is good: Take the meats 
 of pumpkin seeds, steep same as tea, and drink freely. Also 
 take the inner bark of slippery elm and the inner bark of white 
 pine, cut up into short pieces, put into a bowl, cover with water 
 and let it stand until it is of the thickness of mucilage. Drink 
 freely of this also. Keep the patient quiet. Give an active 
 cathartic, and keep the bowels moving. 
 
 MOVABLE and FLOATING KIDNEY.— Some very 
 fine theories are advanced regarding the symptoms between 
 these two conditions. They are of little value because the same 
 evidence is not present in all cases; in fact, in some cases there 
 may be no evidence or symptoms at all. We know this to be 
 true, because in trying to diagnose some of these cases we have 
 witnessed the defeat of some noted surgeons. When the kidney 
 wanders from its normal position and becomes fixed in some 
 other part, it is called dislocation. 
 
 Cause of Movable and Floating Kidney. — Movable kidney 
 may be caused by injury, may be due to pregnancy, to tight lacing, 
 or may occur during some chronic or wasting disease. In the 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 2 1 7 
 
 last case the tissues surrounding the kidneys may become so 
 shrunken and wasted that the kidney may be easily displaced. 
 Wandering kidney is always congenital. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of wandering kidney may be slight 
 or severe. In some cases, as stated, there may be no symptoms at all. 
 There is generally pain in the region of the kidney. This pain has 
 a dull, dragging sensation. Sometimes, however, it is so sharp 
 that it resembles Renal Colic — the pain caused by stone in the 
 kidneys. In sitting or lying down the kidney may regain its 
 normal position, when all of the symptoms will disappear. There 
 may be indigestion and vomiting, also some disturbance of the 
 heart action, as palpitation. In some cases the kidney may feel 
 like a tumor in the abdominal cavity. 
 
 We have seen cases where the only evidence was that dis- 
 covered by the patient. We recall one case of this kind in par- 
 ticular. The patient, a lady, being convinced that something 
 was wrong and evidently knowing that the trouble might be 
 caused by a misplaced kidney, tried at various times to discover 
 the presence of the wandering organ. She continued the effort 
 until she became so accustomed to the manner of manipulation 
 that she was able to locate the kidney, which presented itself in 
 the form of a small tumor in the abdominal cavity. On the 
 strength of her own diagnosis she was advised to have an opera- 
 tion, and consented. Both before and after she was under the 
 influence of Chloroform the surgeons made every effort to locate 
 the kidney, but although she was not large, weighing only about 
 125 pounds, they were unable to do so. Upon operation, however 
 the kidney was found some distance from its natural position, was 
 brought back and stitched in place, the patient recovered, and 
 to-day is well. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 A tight band with a pad is said to benefit some cases, and 
 should always be recommended before advising an operation. If 
 this and other means fail, and the pain is severe, an operation 
 should be made. The kidney should never be removed unless 
 badly diseased. In this case the other kidney should be 
 examined also, because it too might be diseased, in which case 
 the operation would precipitate rapid death. 
 
 GRAVEL, or STONE, IN.— Gravel is a term frequently 
 applied to small particles of solid matter found in the urine. 
 These are uric acid crystals, which are found in the blood as the 
 result of imperfect oxidation and are eliminated by the kidneys; 
 or the uric acid may unite with certain salts held in solution in 
 the blood and form what are called urates. The terms ''gravel," 
 
2 1 8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 " brick dust" and "sediment" are frequently applied to these 
 deposits. These conditions are the result of excessive accumu- 
 lations of uric acid in the circulation. Certain food elements 
 produce uric acid. During health this acid unites with oxygen 
 from the air we breathe, is changed into urea and eliminated by 
 the kidneys; but from overeating, indigestion, constipation, lack 
 of exercise, indoor life, bad hygiene or some other cause, this 
 change does not take place, hence the accumulation of uric acid, 
 as stated. This accumulation calls for extra work on the part of 
 the kidneys, and they do what they can to relieve the trouble, 
 hence the appearance of the urates in the urine. Many believe 
 this condition is an indication of kidney disease, but it is not. It 
 is the kind of kidney disease that patent medicine fakirs cure. 
 
 Sometimes this uric acid sediment in the urine assumes large 
 proportions, forming a solid mass or stone. The stone gradually 
 increases in size until it becomes dislodged and attempts to pass 
 through the ureter. Stone may form from a lack of acid, or 
 when the urine contains too much alkali. In these cases the 
 stone is formed of phosphates. 
 
 Cause. — As above described, i. e., the deposit of uric acid, or 
 of phosphates and other sediment present in the urine. 
 
 Symptoms. — When in the form of gravel, the particles are 
 small and readily pass into the bladder, and there may be no 
 symptoms; or the symptoms may be a slight irritation. If a 
 stone forms in the pelvis of the kidney, it may become quite 
 large without producing any serious symptoms; but when a stone 
 becomes dislodged and attempts to enter the ureter, the symp- 
 toms begin suddenly. The pain is severe, at times agonizing, 
 and extends into the groin and thigh of the affected side. There 
 is a frequent desire to urinate, and the urine contains more or 
 less blood in proportion to the number of vessels ruptured by the 
 stone. The testicle on the affected side is contracted, nausea is 
 usually present, vomiting may occur, and the patient may 
 collapse or become unconscious. The pain continues until the 
 stone drops into the bladder, when it ceases as suddenly as it 
 began. Or the stone may drop back into the pelvis of the 
 kidney. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. In treating stone in the kidney or bladder the general 
 health must be considered. It has already been stated that uric 
 acid is due to imperfect oxidation, or indigestion, hence the need 
 of careful attention to diet, the digestive organs and elimination. 
 Drink large quantities of pure water, secure an abundance of 
 fresh air, sunshine and out-of-door exercise. Bathe frequently, 
 observe regular habits and avoid all forms of excess. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 219 
 
 Ufic Acid Deposit. — If the urine is highly acid, it is evidence 
 that the stone is formed of uric acid, as described, and the treat- 
 ment in such cases would be alkalies in some form as these would 
 tend to neutralize the acid and prevent formation. liquor of 
 Potash in 5-drop doses, well diluted with water, taken before 
 meals and at bedtime, may be given; or 20-grain doses of Acetate 
 of Potash in solution may be given every two or three hours 
 until the urine is but faintly acid, and then smaller doses — 
 perhaps 10 grains — should be continued several times a day. 
 
 Note. — All druggists keep small sheets of litmus paper — red and blue. 
 Acid urine will change the blue paper to red, and alkaline urine will change 
 the red paper to blue. 
 
 Alkaline Deposit. — If the urine is alkaline (see note above), 
 it may be suspected that the stone is formed of phosphates; 
 in such cases the mineral acids would be of benefit because they 
 would render the urine acid. Two or 3 drops of pure Muriatic 
 Acid, well diluted with water, should be taken after meals; or 
 Benzoic Acid in the form of Benzoate of Soda should be given in 
 10-grain doses after meals and at bedtime. Enough of either 
 should be given to keep the urine acid. 
 
 If a stone has formed and attempts to pass through the 
 ureter, the treatment given above would have no effect on 
 the pain and would be of no benefit at that time. For such 
 attacks the Glonoin, Hyoscy amine and Strychnine treatment 
 under Gaij,-Stones would be applicable. If this treatment does 
 not relieve the pain, Morphine should be given. If a stone 
 lodges in the ureter and all other means fail, an operation will be 
 called for. 
 
 B. The best remedy that can be used for this is Gravel Weed 
 (See chapter on Hkrbs for description and directions) , unless the 
 disease has progressed so far that a surgeon's attention is 
 required. 
 
 C. Alkalithia. Dose: — Heaping teaspoonful in glass of 
 water before meals and at bedtime. — (10). 
 
 D. Drink only soft water, or water which has been boiled. 
 -(8). 
 
 E. Fluid Extract of Buchu in teaspoonful doses three or 
 four times a day. — (7). 
 
 F. A large enema of hot water, retained as long as possible, 
 gives more relief than Morphine in case of renal calculus — stone 
 in the kidney or bladder. 
 
220 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 HYDRONEPHROSIS. — Should a large stone remain in 
 the kidney, it might prevent the passage of urine into the ureters. 
 This would cause Hydroyiephrosis, meaning too much water in 
 the kidney. Following this, abscess might result. It might 
 result from any obstruction to the outflow from the bladder. 
 This in turn would check the outflow from the kidney, and the 
 result would be the same. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Removal of the obstruction, if possible. 
 
 KING'S EVIL— SCROFULA.— This is a morbid consti- 
 tutional condition developing in the glands and forming small, 
 hard tumors. The glands of the neck are the most usual seat of 
 the disease; or it may affect the lungs, as in consumption. At 
 one time it was called King' s Evil, as it was believed it could be 
 cured by the touch of the king's hand. To-day we call it 
 Scrofula, 
 
 LA GRIPPE.— (See Influenza). 
 
 LARYNGITIS.— The Larynx is that part of the throat 
 extending from the base of the tongue to the trachea, or wind- 
 pipe. Laryngitis is understood to mean an acute inflammation 
 of the larynx. 
 
 Cause. — The same cause that produces ordinary catarrhal 
 colds, as atmospheric changes, exposure, draughts, wet feet, 
 irritating vapors or dust. 
 
 Symptoms. — A slight irritation may be the only symptom, or 
 there may be rawness and soreness. The voice may become 
 hoarse, and there may be fever and headache. If the case is 
 severer, there will be a sharp rise in temperature, coated tongue, 
 dry skin, quick, strong pulse and badly swollen throat. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Give a dose of Castor Oil or other laxative, hot foot- 
 bath, and wet pack about the neck — hot or cold, as desired by the 
 patient. If the fever is very high, give i-drop doses of Aconite 
 every thirty minutes, or every hour. Small children require less. 
 XCeep a uniform temperature in the room — 75 to 80 degrees — and 
 at the same time provide good ventilation. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 221 
 
 The following mixture is recommended: 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac 10 drops. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite 10 " 
 
 Water 24 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Mix, and give 1 teaspoonf ul every fifteen or 
 thirty minutes, or less often, according to age. 
 
 or, 
 
 Tincture of Aconite 10 drops. 
 
 Acetate of Potash 3 drachms. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Acetatis 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and give 1 teaspoonful to 1 tablespoon- 
 ful every fifteen or thirty minutes, or less 
 often, according to age. When the surface 
 becomes moist, either of the above may be 
 discontinued. 
 
 The patient should diet for a day or two, guard against 
 taking any more cold, and, with attention to the bowels, will 
 usually recover rapidly. 
 
 B. For a mild case, slight counter-irritation over the throat 
 is useful, and on going to bed the patient should apply to the 
 throat a towel wrung out of cold water. If the case is more 
 severe, apply a Mustard poultice over the part, followed by a hot 
 fomentation of Hops covered with a dry flannel. For adults, 
 tablespoonful doses of Boneset syrup may be given. 
 
 C. laryngitis or inflammation of the throat should be 
 
 treated the same as inflammation elsewhere. Counter-irritants 
 
 and hot fomentations relieve by attracting the blood away from 
 
 the inflamed part. Aconite and other fever remedies act in the 
 
 same way, hence they may also be used in laryngitis. A gargle 
 
 is often of value in this disease. The following prescription may 
 
 be relied upon: 
 
 Salicylate of Soda 2 drachms. 
 
 Powdered Borax y z " 
 
 Carbolic Acid , 5 drops. 
 
 Glycerine 1 drachm. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and gargle the throat every 2 hours, 
 more or less often as needed. 
 
 D. Absolute rest of organs of voice. Inhale the following: 
 
 Compound Tincture of Benzoin 1 ounce. 
 
 Hot Water 1 pint. 
 
 And give a good Calomel purge — for an adult from 5 to 10 grains 
 
 of Calomel; for a child one year old, 1 grain; the dose, if without 
 
 results, to be repeated the following morning in connection with 
 
 Castor Oil — from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls of the Oil for a child; from 
 
 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls for an adult. — (45). 
 
 Note. — In giving Castor Oil, if the spoon be first dipped in sweet milk 
 the oil will not adhere to it and is more easily swallowed. 
 
222 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 E. Pure Bromine — Put 5 drops into a glass of cold water. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful every half hour or even fifteen minutes 
 
 until relieved, and it will do it. — (18). — Homeopathic. 
 
 Note. — As this remedy can only be obtained at drug stores, and is very 
 volatile and difficult to handle, we suggest that the solution be made at the 
 same time the Bromine is purchased. Ask the druggist to put 5 drops of 
 pure Bromine into a 12-ounce bottle and fill with water. 
 
 LARYNX, OEDEMA OF.— The glottis is the narrow space 
 between the vocal chords through which the air passes into the 
 lungs. When there is swelling of the tissues immediately sur- 
 rounding the glottis, it is called Oedema of the Larynx. It is a 
 very dangerous disease, and usually fatal. The patient may live 
 for a few days, or a week, or may live only a few hours. It is 
 not a common disease. 
 
 Cause. — It is most frequently met in those who are poorly 
 nourished and in poor hygienic surroundings. It may follow 
 inflammation of the throat, inflammation or disease of the 
 tonsils, erysipelas of the face, diphtheria, Bright' s disease, whoop- 
 ing cough, tuberculosis of the throat, syphilis, aneurism, or 
 wounds of the neck. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a gradually increasing difficulty in 
 breathing; there is swelling of the epiglottis, or thin layer of 
 cartilage that guards the opening into the trachsea during the 
 act of swallowing ; there may be a sensation of a foreign 
 body in the throat; the voice gradually grows weaker, and is 
 finally lost; there is difficulty in swallowing, and as the disease 
 advances there is some cough with but little expectoration; 
 breathing becomes more difficult, the eyes protrude, the face 
 assumes a purplish hue and, if relief is not had at once, death 
 follows, the patient dying from asphyxia — want of air. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment consists in means that will draw the blood 
 from the affected parts, hence an active cathartic, such as 10 grains 
 of Jalop and 10 grains of Scammony, or y^ grain of Elaterium, 
 should be given. If there is a history of constipation and if the 
 bowels seem bloated, give 3 drops of Croton Oil added to a little 
 Glycerine. Place it on the back part of the tongue, or put it 
 into a capsule and let the patient swallow it. Give -^\^ grain of 
 Atropine every thirty minutes until the face is flushed. Sweating 
 the patient will also aid in relieving the throat. One-third of a 
 grain of Pilocarpine, given with a hypodermic needle, is valuable 
 in relieving the congestion. It is also depressing and, if given, 
 stimulants should also be given to support the patient. If other 
 means fail, perform tracheotomy, that is, make an opening into 
 the windpipe. This disease is always dangerous and requires 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 223 
 
 the best skill and care. Fresh air is of the greatest importance. 
 The disease just described differs from spasm of the glottis, or 
 muscles which control the vocal chords, commonly called Croup. 
 Simple spasm may result from nervous conditions — hysteria. 
 Croup and simple spasm may be relieved by any remedies that 
 are relaxing, such as Opium, Chloral or Ipecac. Fresh air is 
 also of importance. Do not give Opium to small children, but 
 Ipecac is perfectly safe. 
 
 LEAD POISONING. — This disease is experienced by 
 house painters and those engaged in the manufacture of paints. 
 The lead gains entrance into the system through the lungs and 
 skin. Some people seem to be proof against it and to experience 
 no evil effects after many years of exposure, while others acquire 
 the disease very easily. 
 
 1 . It is wide-spread among painters and plumbers, and those 
 engaged in smelting lead ores. 
 
 2. Those engaged in white lead factories are particularly 
 subject to this disease. 
 
 3. It may be accidentally acquired from drinking water from 
 lead pipes or cisterns. 
 
 Symptoms. — The appearance of poisoning comes on gradually, 
 the patient suffering from languor, impaired appetite, belching of 
 wind, obstinate costiveness or dysentery and other symptoms for 
 some time before the disease itself becomes manifest. One of the 
 principal characteristics of the disease is a colic, which is essen- 
 tially the same as the ordinary colic excepting that the pain may 
 be more severe and may not entirely stop as in other forms. 
 
 If exposure to the poisoning influence continues, serious 
 nervous phenomena come on — usually a palsy which affects the 
 nerves governing the muscles of the fore- arm, giving rise to the 
 condition known as imist-drop, wherein the hand hangs from the 
 wrist and cannot be raised voluntarily. This paralysis gradually 
 extends to the nerves of other muscles, and while it continues the 
 muscles affected also undergo atrophy — shrinking. This shrinking 
 follows paralysis because nourishment is lacking and in conse- 
 quence the tissues waste. Another valuable symptom, which, 
 however, is not always present, is the existence of a blue line 
 along the margin of the gums where they meet the teeth. This 
 line about the gums does not usually make its appearance until 
 the poisoning is in an advanced state. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Take 5 grains of Iodide of Potassium, dissolved in one 
 tablespoonful of hot water, three times a day — between meals 
 and at bedtime. 
 
224 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Also take, early in the morning and at bedtime, 10 drops of 
 Dilute or Aromatic Sulphuric Acid in a wine glass half full of 
 water. 
 
 Keep the bowels open with Epsom Salts in teaspoonful 
 doses. Dissolve in a wine glass half full of warm water and take 
 from one to three times a day as the case requires. 
 
 Take a warm bath every day. For this add one teaspoonful 
 of Sal Ammoniac to warm water, and after the bath dry thor- 
 oughly with a crash towel. 
 
 B. Live largely on milk, and take the following: 
 
 Iodide Potassium 3 drachms. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful in glass of water be- 
 tween meals and at bedtime. — (10). 
 
 C. Laxative of Epsom Salts. Also Iodide of Potash, 10 
 grains in water three times daily — between meals and at bed- 
 time. — (11). 
 
 D. Painters should drink lemonade daily to which is added 
 10 drops dilute Sulphuric Acid. This amount of Acid may be 
 taken four times a day. Best taken after meals. When colic 
 occurs, take physic of Salts. — (38). 
 
 E. Epsom Salts in doses of 2 tablespoonfuls with 10 drops 
 of Laudanum every three hours. After relief use 5 grains of 
 Iodide of Potash every three hours. — (36). 
 
 LEPROSY.— (See under Skin Diseases) . 
 
 LEUC./EMIA — Sometimes called White Blood, or Ane- 
 mia. — This is a disease in which there is an enormous increase in 
 the white blood corpuscles and a diminution in the red ones. The 
 spleen and other lymphatics are greatly enlarged. 
 
 Cause. — Unknown. 
 
 Symptoms. — There are no early symptoms. There is first 
 Anczmia with enlargement of the abdomen, giving a sense of 
 fullness. There are pains in the left side, due to the enlargement 
 of the spleen which is situated on that side. The other glands 
 throughout the body are also more or less enlarged. The patient 
 grows pale and loses his appetite. There is usually diarrhea, 
 also a gradual loss of strength, palpitation of the heart, difficult 
 breathing and swelling of the ankles. The urine is scanty, and 
 there are deep pains — pains in the bones, which are also sensitive 
 to pressure. The blood becomes so light that it looks almost like 
 milk. The spleen may become so large as to nearly fill the 
 whole abdominal cavity. The spleen enlarges more than the 
 other glands because its blood supply is proportionately larger, 
 also because the blood vessels are not continued through the organ 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 225 
 
 as through other structures, the circulation being continued 
 through openings that are channeled through the spleen itself. 
 This brings the irritating blood in direct contact with the spleenic 
 tissue. The liver is enormously enlarged, one reason being that 
 the veins of the spleen empty into the liver. Pressure from the 
 spleen and liver interferes with the lung space, and thus renders 
 breathing difficult. This also accounts for palpitation of the 
 heart. With the loss of lung and heart power the patient is 
 gradually weakened. I^oss of strength is also partially due to a 
 lack of nourishment. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. These cases may live from one to two years. There is no 
 known treatment that is of benefit. Make the patient as com- 
 fortable as possible in the matter of food, bathing, hygiene, 
 pleasant surroundings, etc. 
 
 B. Put 2 drachms of Muriate Tincture of Iron into 6 ounces 
 of Simple Syrup and take a teaspoonf ul three times a day after 
 meals. 
 
 Take a small handful of each of the following: — Wild Cherry 
 Bark, Prickly Ash Bark, Burdock Root, Narrow-leaf Dock, 
 Boil to make a decoction and take a tablespoonful four or five 
 times a day. 
 
 LEUCORRHEA. — (See under Diseases of Women). 
 
 LIVER. 
 
 The liver, which is of a dark reddish color, is the largest 
 gland in the body. Its weight is from three to four pounds. 
 
 Position. — It is situated high up on the right side close to the 
 diaphragm. The diaphragm is a thin membrane which divides 
 the abdominal from the chest cavity. The lower border of the 
 liver corresponds to the lower border of the ribs in front and on 
 the right side. In size the liver is about 12 inches from side to 
 side and 6 or 7 inches from before backward. Its thickness 
 from above downward is 3 inches in the median line, or center 
 of the body, 4 inches on a vertical line corresponding to the 
 right nipple, 4^ inches in the median line on the right side, 
 and 4 inches behind at a point corresponding to the junc- 
 tion of the ninth rib with the spinal column. The upper 
 surface of the liver is round where it lies in contact with the 
 diaphragm; the under surface is hollow where it lies in contact 
 with the stomach and right kidney. There is a large fissure 
 
 15 
 
226 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 in the under surface which divides the liver into two lobes, right 
 and left. The right is much the larger. The left extends for a 
 distance of two or three inches to the left of the center of the 
 body. It should be remembered that the position of the liver 
 changes with the position of the body. 
 
 The liver is composed of small lobules held together by 
 a connective tissue framework. The lobules are about as 
 large as a millet seed. The return circulation from the lower 
 extremities and lower half of the body passes through the liver. 
 This circulation enters the liver through a large vein called the 
 portal vein. Upon entering the liver this vein divides and sub- 
 divides into many minute branches, and these branches terminate 
 in and around the little lobules. The lobules are hollow, with an 
 opening in the bottom of each. Through this opening the return 
 circulation is continued. The cavity in the little lobules is the 
 beginning of what is called the hepatic vein. As the blood passes 
 out through the openings the delicate channels unite and re-unite 
 until all are joined, forming the hepatic vein, which leaves the 
 liver and enters the ascending vena cava, a large vein which leads 
 directly to the heart. It will be seen that the portal vein termin- 
 ates in the lobules and the hepatic vein commences in them. The 
 artery which supplies the liver with nourishment also breaks up 
 into many minute branches, and these branches terminate in and 
 around the little lobules, the same as the branches of the veins. 
 The lobules also contain nerve fibers and lymphatics, so that, 
 strictly speaking, each lobule is an independent gland by itself. 
 The bile ducts commence in minute channels between the lobules 
 and also in the clefts or minute spaces between the cells of which 
 the lobules are formed. They join together, forming what is 
 called the hepatic ducts — two in number, one from each lobe. 
 These are about \% inches in length. 
 
 The gall bladder is a pear-shaped membranous sac, about 
 4 inches in length and i inch in breadth, and holds a little 
 over one ounce. It is situated on the right side under the ninth 
 rib near the chest bone. It is a reservoir for the bile. The duct 
 leading from it is about one inch in length and joins the hepatic 
 ducts, or those leading from the liver; together they form the 
 common duct, and this enters the bowel about 3^ inches below 
 the stomach. The liver cells manufacture bile, and convert glu- 
 cose, or grape sugar, into a substance called glycogen. This is 
 stored up by the liver cells and given to the circulation as fast as 
 the system needs it. The glycogen readily unites with the 
 oxygen in the circulation and aids in producing heat. The 
 return circulation brings the blood directly from the digestive 
 organs, hence the liver aids in producing important digestive 
 changes that are carried on in the circulation. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 227 
 
 The liver is subject to the following diseases: 
 
 Abscess, 
 
 Amyloid Degeneration, 
 
 Atrophy, Acute Yellow, 
 
 Congestion, 
 
 Cirrhosis, or Gin-Drinker s Liver, 
 
 ABSCESS OF THE LIVER.— Cause.— Abscess of the 
 liver is caused by an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 
 The veins from this tract — stomach, spleen, bowels, etc. — unite to 
 form the portal vein. This enters the liver and breaks up into 
 many small vessels which penetrate all parts of the organ. As 
 they pass out they unite to form the hepatic vein which enters 
 the ascending vena cava (see description of liver). It will 
 readily be seen that the liver is subject to the morbid effects of 
 indigestion as the poisons developed in the bowels are carried 
 direct to the liver. Inflammation is the result. This lessens 
 the amount of bile, the absence of which interferes with digestion 
 and elimination still more, in turn more poisons are poured into 
 the liver, and thus the abscess grows. 
 
 Symptoms. — Disturbance of digestion, poor appetite and fever, 
 followed by vomiting and irritability, and, as the disease advances, 
 by debility and perhaps melancholia. Later there are typhoid 
 symptoms as a result of the unhealthy condition of the bowels. 
 Jaundice, or yellow discoloration of the skin, is slight, as the 
 amount of bile manufactured by the liver is lessened in proportion 
 to the advancement of the abscess. The liver is enlarged and, as 
 the abscess grows, the soreness in the right side increases. If 
 the abscess breaks externally, as it nears the surface the tender- 
 ness is increased. I^ater, swelling and fluctuation can be detected. 
 Abscess of the liver may break into the chest cavity and may 
 penetrate the delicate membrane which surrounds the lungs. In 
 this case it would communicate with the bronchial tubes and be 
 expectorated. It may break into the stomach, into the bowels 
 or into the abdominal cavity. Following any of these last 
 mentioned results the external evidence would be less prominent. 
 The situation may be more readily understood when we remember 
 that the liver is placed in contact with each of the cavities and 
 organs mentioned, and, as a result of inflammatory adhesions to 
 the surfaces of any of these, destruction of tissue might follow 
 with some one of the results mentioned. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. There is one rule which has no exception, and that is, 
 wherever pus is located, the abscess should be opened at once. 
 This is as true with abscess of the liver as though it were located 
 anywhere else. The treatment consists mainly in supporting 
 
22S FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 measures, hygiene, food and attention to the bowels. If the 
 fever is very high, a small dose of Aconite may be given for a 
 limited time, say i drop of the tincture every hour. Internally, 
 give 10 grains of Salol three times a day, increasing the amount 
 if the eliminations give offensive odor. If dyspepsia is trouble- 
 some, give artificial digestants for a time, as: 
 
 Pepsin (i to 3.000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Muriatic Acid (pure) 20 drops. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 2 ' 
 
 Mix all together and take one teaspoon ful 
 after meals. 
 
 Give one teaspoonful of Bovinine in half a glass of hot milk 
 with each meal. If the patient can take it, increase the amount 
 of Bovinine (which is exceedingly nutritious) to one tablespoonf ul 
 at each meal. Every attention should be paid to a nourishing 
 diet. Also give -^ of a grain of Iodide of Arsenic between meals. 
 
 B. 3-grain doses of Quinine every four hours. In nearly all 
 cases it is necessary to maintain strength by a most nutritious 
 diet. Kgg-nog may be taken at meal time, or an equal time 
 between meals so as not to disturb the stomach by too frequent 
 and injudicious feeding. Wine whey is nourishing, and milk 
 and lime water have a most excellent effect on the stomach, 
 maintaining a healthy condition. Stimulants are likely to be 
 needed. If there should be severe pain at any time, a little 
 Morphine may be given, say }i grain combined with the Quinine. 
 
 AMYLOID DEGENERATION.— Amyloid degeneration 
 is a term applied where the tissues of an organ present a starchy 
 or albuminous appearance. Such degeneration usually affects 
 the liver and kidneys, but may affect other organs. 
 
 Cause. — Amyloid degeneration is not a primary disease in 
 the organ affected, but is the result of infiltration from without; 
 that is, it is an evidence of chronic disease or suppuration in 
 some other part of the body. It may result from inflammation 
 and suppuration of bone, from syphilis, from tuberculosis, and 
 possibly from cancer. These diseases rob the blood of the normal 
 amount of alkaline salts, and also lessen its amount of fibrine, 
 and amyloid degeneration found in the liver or kidneys is the 
 result of some of these diseases. The absence of the normal 
 amount of salts or fibrine in the blood gives to these organs the 
 starchy or waxy appearance which characterizes the disease. 
 Degeneration of the liver usually occurs first, and degeneration of 
 the kidneys secondarily. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 229 
 
 Symptoms. — When occurring in the liver, that organ becomes 
 enlarged, and later the kidneys also become enlarged. There is 
 no pain, but some increase in the amount of urine; the urine con- 
 tains albumen. There are disorders of digestion and, later, diarrhea 
 from similar degenerative changes in the digestive tract. There is 
 also a general wasting of the flesh. There is but little or no jaun- 
 dice for the reason that the bile ducts of the liver remain open, 
 and for the still greater reason that there is but little bile 
 manufactured, the amount diminishing as the disease progresses. 
 Amyloid degeneration does not obstruct the portal (return) cir- 
 culation, hence there is no abdominal dropsy. When the kidneys 
 are involved, abdominal dropsy may be present, because the 
 kidneys, first enlarged, afterwards become shrunken, interfering 
 with the circulation. As the disease progresses the liver also 
 shrinks from the same cause. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. If there is a history of syphilis, give anti-syphilitic 
 remedies. If it is the result of suppuration in bone, it calls for 
 an operation. The bone should be thoroughly scraped and all 
 the dead tissue removed. If the result of consumption, see the 
 treatment under that head. In all cases there should be attention 
 to digestion, ventilation, proper exercise, clothing, etc. If due 
 to suppuration in bone or to consumption, early treatment would 
 probably prove successful. If the disease is well developed, there 
 is but little hope. 
 
 B. The primary cause should be ascertained and, if possible, 
 relieved. The following alterative treatment is recommended: 
 
 Take a small handful each of Wild Cherry bark, Prickly 
 Ash bark, Dandelion root and Culver's root, steep to make a 
 decoction, sweeten with rock candy if desired, and drink freely. 
 Wear warm clothing and apply counter-irritants, such as Mustard 
 plasters, etc. , over the liver. Bathe in hot water in which has 
 been put a little salt and Muriate of Ammonia and a tablespoon- 
 ful of Mustard, mixed well with the water before bathing. 
 
 ACUTE YELLOW ATROPHY — MALIGNANT 
 JAUNDICE. — This is a disease of the liver resulting in rapid 
 destruction of that organ. The disease runs a rapid course — the 
 patient is jaundiced. Duration, a week or ten days; termination, 
 death. 
 
 Cause. — While there is no cause given for this disease, we 
 believe that it is caused by the retention of poisons in the system. 
 The vitality of the patient may hold out until the system is so 
 thoroughly overcome that collapse and rapid death are the result; 
 
230 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 and we think the condition of the patient supports this "view. It 
 is not the liver alone that is affected; we believe the primary- 
 cause to be in the digestive tract. The return circulation 
 from the digestive organs goes direct to the liver. The 
 large vein which carries the venous blood divides on reaching 
 the liver, and subdivides into minute branches which penetrate 
 all parts of the organ, and thus the poison is brought into direct 
 relation with the whole structure; hence it is not strange that it 
 may be so overcome by the morbid influence of septic blood as 
 to pass through the rapid degenerative changes mentioned. With 
 the increase in the liver trouble, the circulation is checked. This 
 increases the congestion of the stomach and bowels, hence the 
 vomiting of blood which may occur in this disease. In health the 
 return circulation from the spleen passes through the liver. 
 During the progress of the disease the circulation is checked and 
 the poisoned blood is dammed back, hence enlargement of the 
 spleen occurs. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first symptom is the catarrhal condition of 
 the stomach and bowels; the tongue is badly coated, there is 
 headache, vomiting and nausea, quick pulse and a little fever. 
 The jaundice rapidly increases, the spleen becomes enlarged, the 
 urine contains bile and albumen, and a lessened amount of urea 
 is eliminated. Nausea is followed by vomiting of blood dark in 
 color, showing the congestion of the stomach; the eliminations 
 from the bowels show the desperate state of disease in the 
 digestive tract; yet the return circulation carries the poisons from 
 both stomach and bowels and empties them into the liver. This 
 supports our belief that disease of the liver is secondary. The 
 liver degenerates rapidly. Its structures break down and it 
 becomes very small. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Medical works contain no treatment of this disease except- 
 ing symptomatic, i. e. y make the patient as comfortable as 
 possible by treating the symptoms. We wish, however, to 
 recommend the treatment given for Hydrophobia. If there is any- 
 thing that will help in this disease, it is thorough and early 
 elimination. Stimulants should be added as the case requires. 
 We would also recommend the addition of T V of a grain of Calomel 
 every half hour for ten doses, then every hour for ten doses; also 
 the most nourishing food to be given at frequent intervals. For 
 the vomiting, a large Mustard plaster should be placed over the 
 stomach, and equal parts of milk and lime water given frequently 
 in small quantities. Crust or corn coffee is also excellent in case 
 of vomiting, and may be readily prepared. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 231 
 
 CONGESTION OF THE LIVER— BILIOUSNESS 
 — " LIVER COMPLAINT."— In this disease the vessels of 
 the liver contain too much blood and the organ may be slightly 
 enlarged on this account. There is a sense of fullness on the 
 right side, and there may be a feeling of soreness. 
 
 Cause. — It may be caused by the liberal use of alcohol. The 
 most frequent cause is indigestion and constipation. It is also 
 supposed to be influenced by taking cold. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms depend upon the amount of con- 
 gestion. If slight, the symptoms are slight; if the congestion 
 reaches the point of inflammation, the symptoms are severer. 
 In a mild case of congestion there may be headache and a dull 
 feeling, there may be fever, the patient may experience slight 
 pains throughout the system, the tongue may be coated and the 
 appetite interfered with; an increase of this trouble would con- 
 stitute catarrhal jaundice. There is no strictly dividing line 
 between the two. In severer cases, in addition to the symp- 
 toms given there would be nausea, vomiting, pain in the right 
 side, and the skin and white of the eye would show a yellowish 
 tinge. There would also be pain in the right shoulder. The 
 last symptom belongs to catarrhal jaundice, and would not be 
 met with in a simple case of Biliousness, or Congestion of the Liver. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Give an active cathartic. Castor Oil or Salts may be 
 used, but we believe in these cases that 5 to 10 grains of Calomel 
 should be given at night, followed the next morning by a table- 
 spoonful of Castor Oil or Salts. Seidlitz Salts ( see Index) may 
 be used instead of the Epsom or Rochelle Salts. The patient 
 should diet for two or three days and, if the action of the liver is 
 sluggish and there is a tendency to constipation, should continue 
 the Seidlitz Salts in one or two teaspoonf ul doses every morning; or 
 take one teaspoonf ul of Phosphate of Soda in half a glass of water 
 one hour before meals, more or less as needed. Phosphate of 
 Soda is not so pleasant to take as the Seidlitz, and it is not so 
 effectual in its action in the digestive tract, but it is a better liver 
 stimulant. With ordinary care these cases recover in a few days, 
 and usually a doctor is not needed. 
 
 B. Apply a Mustard plaster over the region of the liver. 
 Make a syrup of Wild Cherry and Prickly Ash bark and give 
 tablespoonful doses four or five times a day. If the case is per- 
 sistent — if there is jaundice, digestive disturbances, pain, soreness 
 and enlargement on the right side, keep the bowels active and 
 give proper attention to diet. If there is fever, give 1 or 2 -drop 
 doses of Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every 
 
232 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 two hours. If the evidence of abscess continues, apply large hot 
 poultices to hasten its formation, and open early. 
 
 C. Bilious Tonic. — 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen I teaspoonful. 
 
 Oil of Peppermint 5 drops. 
 
 Oil of Lemon 15 " 
 
 Alcohol y 2 pint. 
 
 Water % " 
 
 Sulphuric Acid 30 drops. 
 
 Mix well, and add the following: 
 
 Red Peruvian Bark, finely 
 
 pulverized „ 2 ounces. 
 
 Rhubarb Root, finely pul- 
 verized o 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Syrup, or Molasses, 
 
 enough to make all together 1 quart. 
 
 Those who are acted upon easily by cathartics cannot bear 
 more than half this quantity of Rhubarb. Let such have it 
 made accordingly. The object of its use is to keep the bowels 
 just solvent, not loose like diarrhea. 
 
 The oils and acid should be put into the Alcohol first, then 
 the water, and afterwards the bark and Rhubarb. Allow to 
 stand for ten days, shaking the bottle two or three times each 
 day; then strain carefully through muslin, or filter through 
 filtering paper, which may be obtained at any drug store, and 
 add the syrup or molasses- 
 
 Dose. — For an adult 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls four times daily, at 
 meals and bedtime; for a child of twelve years, half this dose. 
 If very bilious and costive, take a full cathartic dose of Rhubarb, 
 or such other cathartic medicine as you are in the habit of using, 
 to move the bowels freely. 
 
 This will be found a valuable tonic in all cases requiring 
 
 one. Especially recommended as a spring tonic. Also valuable 
 
 in agues and remittent fevers. Repeat at intervals of a week, 
 
 two or three times if needed. In nearly every case a permanent 
 
 cure will be effected if the medicine is taken three or four days at 
 
 each repetition. 
 
 D. Sulphate of Quinine., 1 drachm. 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb 4 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make.... 8 " 
 
 Dissolve the Quinine in the Elixir and add 
 the Rhubarb. 
 
 This preparation is needed only when there is constipation 
 present. 
 
 Dose. — The average dose would be a teaspoonful two or three 
 times a day. Enough must be taken to cause normal evacuation 
 — at least one movement of the bowels every day. It will be 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 233 
 
 necessary for each one to gauge the dose according to his indi- 
 vidual needs. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER— GIN DRINKER'S 
 LIVER -CHRONIC INFLAMMATION. -As stated in the 
 description of the liver, the organ is formed of many little lobules 
 held together by a framework of connective tissue. This disease 
 consists in an overgrowth of this framework, which later shrinks 
 and destroys the organ. As stated under A^cohoi,, connective 
 tissue resulting from inflammation always shrinks. During the 
 early stages there is congestion, and later there is a low form of 
 inflammation. This, with the increased growth of the connective 
 tissue, causes the liver to enlarge. The edges of the organ are 
 rounded, smooth and thickened. The cells of which the organ is 
 formed may also be swollen and contain more or less fat. 
 With the increase in the connective tissue new blood vessels form. 
 These are derived from the artery which supplies the liver. If 
 a cut surface of the liver could be examined at this time, con- 
 nective tissue overgrowth would be visible to the naked eye. 
 The remaining lobules of which the liver is formed would so con- 
 trast with the new tissue as to present a granular appearance. 
 Jaundice is usually slight, as the bile capillaries, or channels 
 through which the bile flows, are interfered with but little. In 
 health these capillaries or channels have their origin between the 
 lobules and between the cells of which the lobules are formed. 
 Gradually these cells are obliterated, and thus the bile channels 
 are made larger. A greater reason for the absence of jaundice is 
 the destruction of the cells which manufacture bile. Such de- 
 struction is the result of pressure from the new tissue growth and, 
 later, its contraction. The new tissue fibers enclose within their 
 meshes the little lobules of which the liver is formed, and the 
 contraction of this tissue destroys them. Their more active cells 
 maintain their individuality longest, but finally disappear. 
 
 Contraction of the new tissue not only destroys the liver 
 cells, but obliterates the vessels, and the digestive work which 
 in health is carried on by the liver is interfered with. A 
 loss of nutrition results, and gradually the whole system suffers. 
 The organ decreases in size, such decrease being in proportion to 
 the amount of the new tissue and its contraction. This shrinkage 
 is called Atrophy. The surface is shrunken irregularly and the 
 edges are nodular (lumpy), the hardening being most marked 
 along the front edge because it is thinner, and more in the right 
 lobe than in the left because it is larger. The shrinkage of the 
 liver prevents more or less the return of the blood that passes 
 through it. The return circulation comes from the stomach, 
 digestive tract and spleen. The blood is forced back to these 
 
234 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 organs and congestion and inflammation follow. The patient 
 may vomit blood (seldom). There may be chronic dyspepsia, 
 diarrhea, enlarged spleen, piles or abdominal dropsy, or more than 
 one of these conditions may exist at the same time. This disease 
 is called Cirrhosis or Sclerosis, meaning a hardening. It is also 
 called Hob- Nailed Liver, Rum Drinker 's Liver, Whiskey Liver, etc. 
 
 Cause. — The continued and prolonged use of liquor. With 
 the single exception of syphilis, it is claimed this disease can only 
 be produced bv alcohol. It is frequently met in habitual drunk- 
 ards. 
 
 SymUoms. — During the early stages of inflammation, liver 
 abscess may form; or death may occur in the earlier stages before 
 the liver has had time to shrink. There are no early symptoms. 
 The first evidence of this disease is dyspepsia and the morning 
 vomiting of drunkards. I,ater there may be diarrhea, or there 
 may be traces of blood in the ejections from the stomach or in 
 the eliminations from the bowels. As the disease progresses 
 there is abdominal dropsy, the abdomen eventually becoming 
 enormously distended. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 There is no treatment that is of benefit. By increasing the 
 activity of the bowels the dropsy may be overcome to some 
 extent. It is necessary to exercise judgment in regard to food 
 — to avoid those things that disturb the stomach, etc. Sooner or 
 later it will be found necessary to tap the abdomen in order to 
 draw off the amount of fluid. This process will need to be 
 repeated from time to time. The disease is fatal. 
 
 Alcoholic liquors should be entirely given up, and the use of 
 tea, coffee, and highly seasoned animal foods discontinued. Fats, 
 and foods containing large quantities of sugar, should be avoided. 
 Juicy plants, such as lettuce, celery, cabbage, etc., should be 
 substituted for starchy vegetables. A diet largely composed of 
 skimmed milk is nutritious. A good remedy is equal parts of 
 Mandrake root and Culver root mixed and taken in 3 -grain doses 
 from one to three times a day, or sufficiently often to keep the 
 bowels open. 
 
 LOCKJAW-TETANUS.— This is a formidable disease, 
 caused by involuntary, persistent, independent and painful con- 
 tractions or spasms of certain muscles, usually the muscles of 
 the jaw, neck and throat. However, a great number of muscles 
 may be involved, including nearly the whole body. 
 
 Cause. — A certain specific poison, which is thought most 
 often to follow penetrating wounds — those made by rusty nails, 
 etc. The poison is also sometimes communicated by vaccination. 
 Its source is not always known. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 235 
 
 Symptoms, — First noticed in the muscles of the neck and 
 jaw; the neck becomes stiff and the jaw is moved with difficulty. 
 Swallowing becomes difficult, because the muscles controlling the 
 action become more or less involved. Gradually this feeling of 
 stiffness increases until the muscles become rigid and the jaws are 
 firmly closed. In exceptional cases the muscles of the back may 
 be involved, drawing the head back, the feet are drawn in the 
 same direction, the body forming an arch; or the body may be 
 bent sideways or forwards. Usually this does not occur. The 
 diaphragm may be more or less involved, producing what are 
 called girdle pains. These and other pains produced by this 
 disease are sharp and agonizing. Any slight noise, or a sudden 
 draft striking the patient, may produce convulsions. This in- 
 creases the pain and suffering. There is usually constipation, 
 the amount of urine is diminished and there is moderate fever. 
 Sleeplessness may be a troublesome feature. The mind remains 
 clear. If the muscles of respiration, or those controlling the 
 glottis — the small space between the vocal chords through which 
 the air passes — become involved, the case is serious at once. 
 When death occurs, it usually is within one week. 
 
 Trkatmknts. — 
 
 A. It is sometimes necessary to extract a tooth and feed ths 
 patient through a tube. If there are already any teeth missing, 
 the extraction will not be necessary. Strict attention must be 
 paid to ventilation, avoiding all drafts. Watch the action of the 
 kidneys; if they fail to excrete the normal amount of urine, other 
 means of elimination must be resorted to. Increase the activity 
 of the bowels; give large doses of Jalap and Scammony because 
 they produce copious watery evacuations. These remedies can 
 be given in solution by the same method as that of feeding. 
 To relax the system, Bromide of Potash, Chloral, Morphine, 
 Physostigmine, Opium, Chloroform, Apomorphine, Hyoscyamine, 
 Indian Hemp, Aconite, Tartar Emetic, Curare, Anti-tetanic Serum 
 and other remedies have been recommended; but to relieve the 
 necessity of choosing from this formidable array, we can assure 
 the reader that they are without value. The Atropine and Pilo- 
 carpine treatment given for Hydrophobia will not only relieve, 
 but will unquestionably cure many of these cases. 
 
 B. Another, and we believe a better, treatment is sweating 
 by artificial heat as described under Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis, 
 and for the same reasons. In Lockjaw the pain is due to the great 
 muscular tension. Heat relieves this condition, eases the pain 
 and eliminates the poison. Heat should be applied until sweating 
 
236 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 is profuse, and applied often enough and continued long enough 
 to give relief. To dabble with Lockjaw Serum or Antitoxine 
 is a crime against the patient. 
 
 C. If there is a wound, wash frequently with Turpentine. 
 Pour Turpentine into the wound, or if it is a hole caused by a 
 nail, inject the Turpentine with small syringe. This is to pre- 
 vent lockjaw. — (38). 
 
 D. Specific Gelsemium, 5 drops every hour until the whole 
 system is relaxed, then gradually reduce the dose. Midway 
 between every dose give full doses of Specific Passaflora. Con- 
 tinue this treatment until the spasms cease. — (30). 
 
 E. Gelsemium, fluid extract ^drachm. 
 
 Hyoscyamus, *' " 3 " 
 
 Lithiated Hydrangea 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and give x / 2 teaspoonful every three or 
 four hours. — (47) . 
 
 LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA.— This is a chronic inflamma- 
 tion of the spinal cord. The inflammation is followed by an 
 overgrowth and contraction of the connective tissue framework, 
 and a corresponding degeneration of the natural tissue — nerve 
 cells and nerve fibers. The disease is usually divided into three 
 stages, yet these stages are not altogether separate, but merge 
 one into another; or some of the symptoms under one stage may 
 be present earlier or later than here indicated. In the first stage 
 there are sharp pains in the lower extremities, sometimes spoken 
 of as lightning pains. The optic nerve is easily affected. In the 
 second stage there is inco-ordination, that is, inability to control 
 or harmonize the action of certain groups of voluntary muscles in 
 the lower extremities. The third stage is that of paralysis. 
 The disease runs a chronic course, lasting for years. There may 
 be quite long periods of time when it seems to remain stationary, 
 and then it progresses a step further. It may last ten or fifteen 
 years. 
 
 The first evidence of the disease is manifested in the lower 
 extremities, because the disease commences in the lower part of 
 the spinal cord and it is in this part that the nerves governing 
 the lower extremities have their origin. As the disease pro- 
 gresses the inflammatory and degenerative changes extend up 
 the cord. When it reaches the cervical portion of the cord, or 
 that portion situated in the neck, the arms and hands experience 
 a condition similar to that first experienced in the lower extremi- 
 ties, because the nerves governing them have their origin in that 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 237 
 
 part of the cord situated in the neck. The disease ultimately 
 proves fatal. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is the same as that given under paralysis. 
 
 Symptoms. — Before any of the symptoms present themselves 
 there is evidence of dyspepsia. There is nausea, and may be 
 vomiting; there are also neuralgic pains in the stomach and 
 bowels. This is evidence that the digestive organs are primarily 
 at fault. 
 
 First Stage. — The first noticeable symptoms are absence of the 
 knee-jerk, pains extending down the lower limbs, and unequal 
 dilatation of the pupils of the eye. If the reader will place one 
 limb over the opposite knee, and with the edge of the hand strike 
 a light, sharp blow across or just below the knee-cap, there will 
 be a slight convulsive jerk of the suspended foot. The absence 
 of such jerk constitutes the sign or symptom mentioned. This is 
 called Westphal's sign. The first effects of inflammation are 
 those of a stimulus, hence the pain and inco-ordination. The 
 patient is unable to control his movements by reason of the 
 constant presence of the disease. The stimulus first manifests 
 itself in the lower part of the cord and extends higher up. 
 When affecting that part just below and between the shoulder 
 blades, there is pain and a feeling of constriction about the chest, 
 because the nerves supplying the chest muscles have their origin 
 in that part of the cord. These pains are sometimes called girdle 
 pains. The inequality of the pupils constitutes what is called 
 the Argyll-Robertson sign. 
 
 Second Stage. — Inco-ordination is increased. The patient 
 is unable to stand with the feet together and the eyes 
 closed. This is called Romberg's sign or symptom. Later, he 
 loses control until in attempting to walk the feet fly in all 
 directions. In the beginning of this stage there is a sensory 
 disturbance, /. e. y a loss of sensation, which commences in the 
 soles of the feet. First there is a sense of numbness, which 
 gradually extends along the limbs. This condition, or change, 
 continues to increase until paralysis is complete. 
 
 With the loss of sensation sores are apt to occur on the 
 affected surface. The joints may become swollen and the swell- 
 ing be followed with degenerative changes. If the patient lies in 
 bed, bed sores are troublesome. These sores and swellings are 
 not painful, but they cannot be cured; on the contrary, they 
 continue to grow in size and new ones form. 
 
 Third Stage. — Paralysis, more or less complete. 
 
238 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The following signs are unmistakable evidence of Locomotor 
 Ataxia: 
 
 WestphaV s sign, or loss of knee-jerk. 
 
 Argyll- Robertson sign, or loss of pupil reflex. 
 
 Romberg's sign, or inability to stand with the feet together 
 and eyes closed. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. There is no specific treatment for this disease. Resting 
 several hours a day is undoubtedly of advantage. The Iodides 
 may be given in some form — 1 teaspoonf ul of the Syrup of 
 Hydriodic Acid three times a day, between meals and at bed- 
 time. Tonics may be given, if needed. The greatest care should 
 be exercised regarding diet and hygiene. If caused by alcohol, 
 its use should be discontinued; if the result of syphilis, see 
 treatment under that head; if there is a history of constipation 
 or rheumatism, it will be evidence that the disease is the result of 
 indigestion and a lack of elimination, as described under Paralysis. 
 
 B. One of the chief objects is to protect the patient from 
 cold and damp. Keep him in a uniform temperature. A good 
 and wholesome diet is necessary, and the persistent use of Cod 
 I^iver Oil is beneficial. Massage is also beneficial. Rest is 
 useful. The patient should lie down tor two or three hours each 
 day.— (72). 
 
 C. Calabar Bean b> grains. 
 
 Ginger, powdered , 20 " 
 
 Make into 20 pills and take 1 three times a 
 day. Exalgine is recommended for relief of 
 the lightning pains. — (28). 
 
 D. If due to syphilis, constitutional treatment for syphilis; 
 if due to excessive drink or other dissipation, the proper care in 
 such cases. 
 
 Consult the best regular and reputable physician within 
 your means and take his advice as to treatment. — (69). 
 
 E. External Treatment. — Strong rubbing of the whole spine 
 with strong sedative ointment three times a day. 
 
 Note. — See Ointments Nos 5 and 6, under Miscellaneous Medical 
 Receipts. 
 
 Internal Treatment. — Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites — 
 teaspoonf ul after meals and at bedtime — four doses a day. — (24). 
 
 F. The following prescription has been used by the writer 
 
 in over one hundred cases of Locomotor Ataxia. As a curative, 
 
 nothing is better. 
 
 Iodide of Potash 5 drachms. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — Take one teaspoonful after meals. — (57). 
 
No, 3. 
 
 i, Artery of Neck. 2, Large Muscles of Neck. 3, Large Nerve. 
 4, Upper End of Breast Bone. 5, Large Artery coming from Heart. 
 6, Heart (with sac partly removed). 7, Left Lung. 8, Right Lung. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 239 
 
 LUMBAGO. — (See under Rheumatism). 
 
 LUMP JAW — ACTINOMYCOCIS. — This disease is 
 said to be caused by a parasite. It occurs in cattle, usually in 
 the jaw, forming a large lump; hence the name, Lumpjaw. The 
 disease also sometimes occurs in man. 
 
 Symptoms. — When occurring in man and on the surface of the 
 body, it may resemble tuberculosis of the skin. If in the lungs, 
 there is fever, cough, and wasting of flesh. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Some advise a 50 per cent solution of Carbolic Acid to 
 be injected around the growth, when it can be reached, and 
 repeated in three or four days. Give large doses of Iodide of 
 Potash internally. The best treatment is complete removal of 
 the growth by a surgeon. If the disease occurs in the internal 
 organs, as the lungs or digestive tract, there is no known treat- 
 ment that will cure. 
 
 B. Bathe affected part with Tincture of Iodine. Keep 
 bowels open with Salts and Cream of Tartar. 
 
 Syrup Stillingia Compound 4 oun ces . 
 
 Iodide of Potassium 1 drachm. 
 
 Take a teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 THE LUNGS AND THEIR DISEASES. 
 
 The two lungs, which are the organs of respiration, are placed 
 in the chest cavity. They are somewhat narrow above, but broader 
 below. The right lung is a little larger than the left because the 
 heart is mostly in the left side, thus occupying a larger portion of 
 that space. The average weight of the left lung is 20 ounces, and 
 of the right, 22 ounces. 
 
 Position. — The lungs extend quite high up into the side of the 
 neck, the highest point being from 1 to \% inches above the 
 collar bone; below they extend to the sixth rib in the front, 
 eighth rib in the side and tenth rib behind. When taking 
 a full breath they expand and extend downward about two inches 
 farther. 
 
 The Air Tubes. — These begin in the throat. There is one 
 large tube, the trachea. Its commencement may be indicated by 
 that prominence in the throat often spoken of as "Adam'5 
 Apple." This tube, the trachea, extends downward for a dis- 
 tance of nine inches, then divides into two branches. These re- 
 
240 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 divide, becoming smaller until their minute subdivisions penetrate 
 all parts of the lung substance. 
 
 The Air Cells, — At the termination of each tube there are 
 two or three small dilatations, like little hollow beads, or like 
 three currants on the end of a small twig if the currants and twig 
 were hollow. These dilatations are the air cells. Both tubes 
 and cells are lined with mucous membrane, which is continuous 
 from the mouth and throat. The air cells vary in size, the aver- 
 age size being t ^-q to T % T of an inch in diameter. It is estimated 
 that there are six hundred millions of these air cells in the lungs, 
 and that their combined surface is more than seven times greater 
 than the whole outer surface of the body. The air cells and air 
 tubes are held together by elastic connective tissue, hence the 
 power of the lungs to expand and contract. 
 
 Purification of the Blood. — The lungs are supplied by two sets 
 of vessels: One set nourishes the organs, and the other set 
 envelops or surrounds the air cells for the purpose of absorbing 
 the oxygen from the air we breathe. This set is placed just 
 beneath the delicate mucous membrane which lines the cells. 
 Animal membrane has the power of admitting gases (oxygen) 
 and yet remain impervious to fluid (blood). The system of ves- 
 sels which supplies the lungs with nourishment and the system 
 through which oxygen is absorbed, are entirely separate. The 
 system which supplies nourishment has its origin in the lower 
 left side of the heart, while that carrying the blood for oxidization 
 comes from the right side of the heart. The blood sent for 
 nourishment is bright red, and that sent for oxidization is dark, 
 venous, and contains many impurities. Carbonic acid gas gener- 
 ated in the system is eliminated through the air tubes of the 
 lungs, also many other poisons. It is estimated that from one to 
 one and one-half pints of fluid (water) is eliminated by the lungs 
 every twenty-four hours. This liquid vapor contains many 
 deadly poisons, the nature of which is not well understood. The 
 system of vessels through which the blood is purified, and which 
 lies just beneath the delicate mucous membrane which lines the 
 air cells, gives off carbonic acid gas and other poisons. These 
 poisons escape through this membrane, and in return oxygen is 
 absorbed through it, and by reason of this exchange the dark, 
 venous blood is freed from its impurities and rendered bright red. 
 It then passes on to the left side of the heart and is sent out 
 through the general circulation to nourish the body. 
 
 Following digestion, the food elements which are absorbed 
 into the circulation are carried by the veins to the right side of 
 the heart, and from there are sent with the venous blood into the 
 lungs. Meeting the oxygen which has been absorbed, these food 
 elements undergo many important changes, hence the statement 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 241 
 
 tinder Epilepsy ("C") that the higher forms of digestion are 
 carried on in the circulation. 
 
 BRONCHITIS. — The bronchial tube commences at the 
 throat as a single opening. The first part of this opening is called 
 the larynx or organ of voice. It includes the vocal chords and is 
 supported in front by what is called " Adam's Apple." This 
 part of the opening is about 4 inches in length. The next part 
 of the opening is called the trachea, meaning the windpipe. 
 This is about 4^ inches in length and nearly 1 inch in diameter. 
 This divides into two branches. The one on the right side is 
 about 1 inch long, and the one on the left side about 1 % inches 
 long. These enter the lungs and divide and subdivide until they 
 permeate all parts of the lung structure and terminate in small 
 dilatations called air cells. The tubes, large and small, also the 
 air cells, are lined with mucous membrane which is continuous 
 with that lining the mouth and throat. The trachea and air 
 tubes are formed of three membranes or coats: The external 
 coat or covering is a layer of elastic fibrous tissue; next is the 
 muscular coat, and internally is the mucous membrane. The 
 trachea and its larger branches are also supported by rings formed 
 of cartilage. These rings surround the muscular coat and are 
 enveloped by the external elastic or fibrous coat. The rings are 
 not complete on the posterior or back side, but are connected by 
 the fibrous tissue. 
 
 Bronchitis means inflammation of the mucous membrane 
 lining the air tubes, but does not include the smaller tubes or 
 air cells. Usually the inflammation affects only the large and 
 medium sized tubes. Acute Bronchitis is a disease of quite 
 common occurrence. Chronic Bronchitis may follow the acute, 
 or may result from other causes. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of Acute Bronchitis is atmospheric 
 changes, the same as those which produce other forms of catarrhal 
 colds. Just what those changes are or how they affect the system, 
 no one knows. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of Acute Bronchitis are those 
 of a common cold, which it accompanies. The catarrhal con- 
 ditions of the nasal cavities and the throat extend downward into 
 the air tubes. The voice is altered, and in a day or two expecto- 
 ration is increased. Headache is often present, there is a feeling 
 of oppression and tightness in the chest, and cough commences as 
 soon as the disease enters the bronchial tubes. At first the cough 
 is dry, and sometimes fierce and ringing. L,ater, with the increase 
 in the secretions, the cough becomes looser and expectoration 
 more profuse. As the disease continues, the secretions become 
 
 16 
 
242 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 thicker, more tenacious and yellowish in color. The cough pro- 
 duces pain beneath the chest bone. It also produces a feeling of 
 soreness and rawness in the same place as the effect of inflam- 
 mation in the trachea. There is usually some fever, and the 
 pulse is more rapid than normal. Respiration is increased, 
 because the thickening of the mucous membrane, together with 
 the catarrhal secretions which soon follow, lessen the air space, 
 and Nature tries to supply the needs of the system by more rapid 
 breathing. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — An acute attack of bronchitis should be 
 avoided, if possible, by care and proper treatment during the 
 early stages; that is, if one is subject to bronchitis he should 
 give immediate attention to a simple ' ' cold in the head ' ' and try- 
 to prevent it from extending to the bronchial passages. How- 
 ever, if an acute attack occurs, he should be given a hot 
 Mustard foot-bath and placed in a room where the air is kept 
 moistened with hot vapor, as steam from a kettle of boiling 
 water. Bathe the throat and chest freely with Camphorated Oil 
 (oil, or even melted lard, in which Camphor Gum has been dis- 
 solved) and protect with flannels. A syrup made of Horehound, 
 or of Horehound and L,icorice combined, is an excellent remedy to 
 give. The bowels should be regulated, and for a few days the 
 patient should remain in a well ventilated room with a uniform 
 temperature of 70 degrees. 
 
 A. Fluid Extract Digitalis 12 drops. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac 24 " 
 
 Tincture Aconite 12 " 
 
 Simple Elixir add to make 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take a teaspoonful every one or 
 two hours as needed. 
 
 B. Citrate of Potash 6 drachms. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Acetatis 5 ounces. 
 
 Sweet Spirits Nitre 1 ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac 1 drachm. 
 
 Syrup Wild Cherry, add to 8 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful in water every 
 three hours. — (46). 
 
 C. Get an ounce of Syrup of Ipecac and take 5 to 6 drops 
 every one to three hours to loosen cough. 
 An adult may take the following : 
 
 Paregoric 1 ounce. 
 
 Syrup Ipecac % ounce. 
 
 Syrup 3 ounces. 
 
 Take a teaspoonful every two to three hours. 
 -(13). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 243 
 
 D. Syrup of Ipecac }4 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Bloodroot 1 drachm. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu, enough to make 4 ounces 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful every three 
 hours. — (12). 
 
 E. Paregoric and Whiskey, one part of the former to two of 
 the latter, well mixed. Dose, 1 teaspoonful every three hours. — 
 
 (7)- 
 
 F. Camphor and Ginger jacket, applied to chest. — (6). 
 
 CHRONIC BRONCHITIS.— In Chronic Bronchitis there 
 are structural changes in all the coats of the air passages. These 
 changes commence in the mucous membrane, and later include 
 the muscular and the external layers. Any inflammation 
 becomes chronic when it continues until there is an overgrowth 
 of connective tissue. 
 
 Cause. — Chronic bronchitis may be caused by the prolonged 
 use of alcohol, or by irritating dust, as met with in factories, 
 shops, stone quarries and iron works. It may also be caused by 
 the inhalation of irritating vapors in those who are constantly 
 exposed to them. It may result from Bright' s disease where the 
 blood is forced back into the lungs and heart, because this would 
 produce congestion and later result in inflammation. It may 
 result from the same conditions that produce rheumatism, that 
 is, where the blood contains uric acid and other irritants. The 
 constant presence of such irritating matter would produce conges- 
 tion and, later, inflammation. 
 
 Changes Occur? ing in the Bronchial Tubes in Chronic Bronchitis. 
 — In the chronic form the mucous membrane becomes greatly 
 thickened and swollen. The inflammation reaches the deeper 
 structures, that is, the tissues which unite the mucous membrane 
 to the muscular coat, and there is an overgrowth of tissue. The 
 muscular coat and external fibrous coat also become infiltrated 
 with this overgrowth. This new tissue is a form of connective 
 tissue which later contracts and hardens. The rings mentioned, 
 which normally are composed of cartilage, may become infiltrated 
 with lime salts, and thus become firm and resistant like bone. 
 The tubes lose their elasticity and are more or less widely dilated. 
 The dilatation may be uniform, or some parts may be more widely 
 dilated than others, thus giving them a saculated appearance. 
 Expectoration is profuse, especially in the morning, the secretions 
 having collected during the night. When the secretions are 
 profuse it is sometimes called Bronchorrhea. With the unequal 
 dilatation in the tubes the secretions are difficult to dislodge, 
 hence degenerative processes may take place, giving the breath 
 and expectorated matter a foul odor. This is sometimas called 
 
244 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Fetid Bronchitis. In some cases the secretions and expectoration 
 are diminished. This is called Dry Bronchitis. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Acetic Tincture of Bloodroot % ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Black Cohosh y 2 
 
 Syrup of Tolu %. 
 
 Wine of Ipecacuanha ^ " 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre i " 
 
 Mix, and take a teaspoonful in a little water 
 from three to five times daily, according to the 
 amount of irritation present. 
 
 B. Fetid Bronchitis. — 
 
 Fluid Extract Grindelia Robusta... i ounce. 
 
 Oil Eucalyptus I drachm. 
 
 Syrup Senega i ounce. 
 
 Glycerine i " 
 
 Wine of Tar, add to 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful four times a 
 day. 
 
 If the expectoration is fetid, take 10 drops of Turpentine in 
 capsule with each dose. 
 
 C. Dry Bronchitis. — In the dry form the secretions may be 
 
 increased by the following: 
 
 Apomorphine ^ grain. 
 
 Syrup Ipecac y 2 ounce. 
 
 Tincture White Pine 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful four times a 
 day. If the dose causes nausea, take less; if 
 not, and needed, take more. 
 
 In any case of chronic bronchitis take -^ grain of Strychnine 
 three times a day at meal time. Also take a teaspoonful of 
 Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at bedtime — three 
 doses a day. 
 
 CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— Capillary bronchitis is a 
 catarrhal inflammation of the small air passages or tubes of the 
 lungs, and follows bronchitis — a catarrhal inflammation of the 
 upper or larger air tubes of the lungs. The disease usually com- 
 mences above and extends downward, and on reaching the 
 smaller tubes it is called capillary, because the little tubes are 
 small and hair-like (from capillus, hair). The only difference 
 between bronchitis and capillary bronchitis is the part of the 
 tube affected. 
 
 Capillary bronchitis is usually found in children and infants. 
 Old people also occasionally suffer from this disease. The catar- 
 rhal inflammation extends from above downward, following the 
 various branches of the air passages or tubes, hence all of both 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 245 
 
 lungs may be affected. When the disease reaches the small tubes 
 (capillary bronchitis) it is much more dangerous, as the catarrhal 
 discharge may fill the little tubes and completely shut out the air 
 from the air cells, while in the larger tubes the air can pass in 
 and out freely. 
 
 Cause. — Dust and other irritating substances enter the bron- 
 chial tubes and cause irritation, hence the disease is sometimes 
 met during the summer months. Colds and exposure and sudden 
 changes in temperature from warm to cold, are more frequent 
 causes. Weak children are particularly liable. Typhoid fever 
 and measles always produce a catarrhal condition of the lungs, 
 yet the catarrh produced by these diseases seldom results in capil- 
 lary bronchitis except in very delicate children. In scarlet fever 
 the rash, and in small-pox the pustules, appear in the mucous 
 membrane lining the air tubes. 
 
 Dyspepsia, constipation, or any morbid condition of the 
 digestive tract may aid in producing capillary bronchitis. Such 
 conditions produce a large amount of waste in the system, and as 
 nearly all the blood passes through the lungs once every minute, 
 these organs are irritated, more especially since many of the 
 poisons are eliminated by the air passages or tubes. This irri- 
 tates the delicate mucous membrane which lines them, and a 
 catarrhal inflammation is the result. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of capillary bronchitis are not 
 always distinct, because the disease comes on gradually. A catar- 
 rhal condition has previously existed in the larger tubes. There 
 is a gradual rise in temperature, the previous condition becomes 
 worse, fever slowly rises to 102-3 with difficult breathing, and the 
 respirations become rapid and shallow as the small tubes and air 
 cells become filled. In a nursing baby there is frequent letting 
 go of the nipple and the child worries. 
 
 The circulation through the lungs becomes more impeded. 
 In health, with each heart beat a quantity of blood is sent from 
 the right side of the heart through the lungs, where each air cell 
 is surrounded with a minute network of blood vessels; but when 
 there is inflammation of the vessels, and an exudation (discharge) 
 through their walls, or coats, it causes interference in the circula- 
 tion, and in proportion to such interference the blood is dammed 
 back into the right side of the heart. In health the veins also 
 empty into this side of the heart, but now they can do so but 
 partially, hence there is congestion of the venous system through- 
 out the body. This is why the nails, lips and face may become 
 blue, the surface cold and the mind dull. If this condition is 
 continued, stupor or convulsions may soon occur and the attack 
 end fatally, caused by the failure of the blood to pass through the 
 lungs and exchange the carbonic acid gas and other poisons for 
 oxygen. 
 
246 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The ear can detect catarrhal sounds scattered throughout the 
 lungs. There are also sounds, high or low pitched, caused by 
 the air rushing through the tubes where the opening is partially 
 closed by the swollen mucous membrane. Palpation, that is, 
 placing the palms of the hands over the lungs and on the bare 
 chest, will often locate large accumulations of mucus in the 
 larger tubes. Rales (rattling) in the medium sized tubes, and 
 crepitant (crackling) sounds in the small tubes or capillaries, 
 may be plainly heard by placing the ear against the chest. 
 These sounds are caused by the air being forced through the 
 mucus-like secretions, and the vibration is carried to the hand 
 or ear. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Put the child to bed, arrange for good ventilation, and 
 maintain a uniform temperature of 75 to 80 degrees. Keep the 
 bowels active. The air in the room should be kept moist. If 
 the case is serious, do not let the child lie too long in one position, 
 as the catarrhal accumulations in the air cells and small tubes 
 may obstruct respiration to the extent of producing death. Make 
 a cotton batting jacket large enough to cover the entire body, 
 from the lower border of the ribs to the throat, place it upon the 
 patient and let it remain. 
 
 The following medical treatment is valuable: 
 
 Fluid Extract Digitalis 12 drops. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac 24 " 
 
 Acetate Potash 3 drachms. 
 
 Syrup Wild Cherry 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, add to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and give yi teaspoonful every two hours, 
 or, 
 
 Acetate of Potash 1 drachm. 
 
 Spirits of Nitre % 
 
 Fluid Extract Ipecac % " 
 
 I/iquor Ammonia Acetate add to... 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and give one teaspoonful every hour. 
 
 If there is much rattling in the lungs, showing an excess of 
 catarrhal secretions, and breathing is seriously interfered with on 
 that account, it is considered good practice to give an emetic and 
 vomit the child, as active vomiting relieves the lungs more or less 
 by forcing out the catarrhal products. During the act of vomit- 
 ing the child's head should be held low as this aids materially in 
 giving relief. 
 
 B. The foregoing is the form of treatment usually followed in 
 Capillary Bronchitis, but we wish to give our experience along 
 another line — a treatment which in the hands of those who have 
 followed it for many years is recommended to meet every require- 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 247 
 
 ment. Those who adopt this method may do so with every 
 confidence of success. We have seen cases that were otherwise 
 hopeless treated by this method, the child making a rapid and 
 complete recovery. It is a Home Treatment, as follows : 
 
 Take a piece of cloth and make a loose waist for the child; 
 make it large so that it will cover from the lower border of 
 the ribs to the throat and allow a lap of 4 or 5 inches in front. 
 Take a quantity of onions and chop them fine, add 3 or 4 table- 
 spoonfuls of fresh lard, put in an iron kettle, stir to prevent 
 burning, and heat thoroughly. In the bottom of the crib place a 
 large soapstone, quite hot, and over this place several layers of 
 quilts. Lay the waist in the crib, or on the table, and cover 
 with the hot onions to a depth of % of an inch. Remove all the 
 clothing from the child, place the poultice in the crib, lay the 
 child on it, wrap it firmly about the body, and cover with one or 
 more pieces of quilts; also place some hot flat-irons along the 
 sides of the crib. By means of the soapstone and other artificial 
 heat, the poultices wil 1 not need changing oftener than once 
 in four hours. How does this benefit the child ? The same as 
 explained under Cere bro- Spinal Meningitis — by equalizing the cir- 
 culation bringing the blood to the surface, causing profuse sweat- 
 ing, and in this way relieving the lungs. This treatment may 
 seem a little harsh, but it is not, and of the many cases we have 
 seen treated in this way, we have never yet known or experienced 
 the slightest difficulty in keeping the child perfectly quiet and 
 contented. As with any other line of treatment, the bowels 
 should be kept regular, the child should receive a nourishing diet, 
 given in moderate amounts at reasonably short intervals, and 
 temperature and ventilation maintained as before mentioned. 
 
 The above treatment was first suggested by Mrs. Ellen 
 Cronkrite, of Wacousta, Michigan, a nurse whose life has been 
 spent in caring for the sick and who possesses unusual intelligence 
 in all matters pertaining to home treatment. The suggestion 
 seemed to contain so much merit that, under the instructions of 
 Mrs. Cronkrite, its application was immediately secured in a case 
 that seemed hopeless. Such flattering results followed that we 
 feel justified in recommending it in all cases of Capillary Bron- 
 chitis, and assure those who administer the treatment that they 
 can do so with every confidence. 
 
 CIRRHOSIS OF THE LUNGS.— ( See under Tuber- 
 culosis) . 
 
 CONGESTION, Hyperemia, Oedema of 'the Lztngs and other 
 terms are used to denote an abnormal fullness of the vessels in 
 those organs. We do not deem it necessary or advisable to treat 
 these conditions separately, as it would be confusing and often 
 
248 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 misleading. Engorgement of the vessels in the lungs may follow 
 the use of alcohol. Too much blood is present when the return 
 circulation is checked, as in liver disease, because much of the 
 return circulation passes through the liver. This interferes with 
 the outflow and the blood is dammed back into the lungs. Over- 
 fullness is present in Bright' s disease for the same reason — 
 interference with the outflow. Over fullness or congestion is also 
 present as described under Heart Disease. 
 
 HEMORRHAGE OF THE LUNGS.— (See uuder Hem- 
 orrhage) . 
 
 PNEUMONIA. — Pneumonia is an inflammation of a part 
 of one or both lungs. It is seldom that both lungs are involved. 
 The right lung is divided into three lobes and the left into two. 
 An acute localized inflammation of one or more entire lobes is 
 called lobar pneumonia. The diseased area may include a part, 
 a whole lobe, or more than one lobe. 
 
 Lobular Pneumonia. — Sometimes the little air cells and small 
 bronchial tubes are affected with a catarrhal condition accom- 
 panied by a low form of inflammation. This is called lobular 
 pneumonia. It is also called capillary bronchitis, and is described 
 under that head. This is usually a disease of the old or the very 
 young. 
 
 Bronchitis is a catarrhal inflammation of the large or bron- 
 chial tubes, the smaller tubes and air cells not being affected. 
 Inflammation of the smaller bronchial tubes is always present 
 more or less in lobar pneumonia. 
 
 Croupous Pneumonia is attended with the formation of a mem- 
 brane in the bronchial tube. 
 
 Pleuro- Pneumonia is so called because the pleura, a thin 
 membrane which surrounds the lungs, is included in the inflam- 
 matory process. Probably this always occurs to some extent. 
 
 Typhoid Pneumonia is a term employed when the disease is 
 accompanied with typhoid symptoms. 
 
 Bilious Pneumonia is so called because the disease is compli- 
 cated with congestion of the liver. 
 
 Bro7icho-P?ieumonia affects both tubes and lungs, and is 
 caused by the inhalation of dust and other irritating substances. 
 It is usually found in stone cutters, millers, and those who work 
 in planing mills and factories where dust is plentiful. This is a 
 chronic form, and by extension downward the small tubes and 
 air cells are affected. At first the vessels supplying the mucous 
 membrane of the air passages become congested and contain too 
 much blood. This narrows the opening through the smaller 
 tubes, and also narrows the diameter of the air cells. The 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 249 
 
 increased blood supply results in an increase of the connective 
 tissue framework in the lungs. As this new tissue growth 
 matures, it contracts as elsewhere. With the contraction of the 
 newly formed tissue many small tubes and air cells and many 
 blood vessels are obliterated. As the disease progresses the 
 lungs become hardened and shrunken, and the powers of respira- 
 tion are much diminished. 
 
 Summer Bronchitis is synonymous with hay fever. 
 
 Lobar Pneumonia. — This is the form usually spoken of as 
 pneumonia. In this form the affected portion of the lung 
 becomes solid and firm, no air passing through it. Double 
 pneumonia is usually fatal. The air cells are merely the dilated 
 extremities of the air tubes. From three to five of these dila- 
 tations are usually found on the end of each tube. Both tubes 
 and cells are lined with mucous membrane. Pneumonia is an 
 inflammation of the air cells, and cannot exist without producing 
 bronchitis, i. e., inflammation of some of the smaller tubes; 
 though bronchitis can and usually does exist without pneumonia, 
 the inflammatory process stopping before it reaches the smaller 
 tubes and cells. 
 
 Cause. — The irritation produced by any of the conditions 
 which cause chronic bronchitis may assume an acute form and 
 produce pneumonia. Pneumonia is always the result of an 
 unhealthy system. The blood contains an excess of irritants, 
 and now there is only needed an exciting cause, such as wet feet 
 or a cold, to precipitate acute inflammation of the lungs. Ordi- 
 narily the wet feet or cold are easily recovered from, but with 
 the vital forces reduced, acute inflammation may follow. Another 
 important reason or cause for pneumonia is found in the double 
 circulation with which the lungs are supplied, and the further 
 fact that nearly all the blood in the body passes through these 
 organs once every minute. See description of lungs, also Con- 
 sumption. In the strong and robust any effects of an unhealthy 
 system may be held in abeyance for a time and, later, improvement 
 may relieve the danger; but should some exciting cause present 
 itself before the improvement takes place, pneumonia may follow. 
 That is why the disease may affect what was supposed to be a 
 healthy man . All understand that the irritating effects of unhealthy 
 blood may and do cause inflammatory rheumatism, inflammation 
 of the pleura, or pleurisy, and may cause inflammation of the 
 peritoneum, or peritonitis, meningitis, etc. Unhealthy blood may 
 also cause inflammation of the lungs, or pneumonia. These and 
 many other diseases are but different manifestations of the same 
 cause. These conditions are governed or controlled according to 
 our different powers to resist. Some organs or structures are 
 
250 FA V0R1TE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 stronger in one individual and others in another, hence the 
 different diseases named, above — inflammatory rheumatism, 
 pleurisy, peritonitis, meningitis, pneumonia, etc. 
 
 It should be remembered that inflammation is always caused 
 by or is the result of irritation, and what is better calculated to 
 produce irritation than indigestion, constipation, and the absorp- 
 tion of many poisons plus those originating in the circulation as 
 a result of imperfect oxidization ? They not only produce 
 irritation, but their increase means a proportionate loss of nutri- 
 tion, strength and vitality, which may be followed by chronic 
 disease; or the causes enumerated may precipitate an acute 
 attack, as stated above. 
 
 Pneumonia occurs most often in the lower right lobe, because 
 the catarrhal exudate which precedes the disease is more difficult 
 to dislodge from the lower lobes — it must be raised from a 
 greater depth. The right lung does not extend quite so low as 
 the left on account of the liver, and for the same reason the 
 lower border is a little broader, hence more of the catarrhal 
 exudate can accumulate at this point. The second most fre- 
 quent seat of pneumonia is the lower left lobe, for the reasons 
 just given. The third most frequent location is the upper lobe. 
 There is better drainage from the upper lobe, yet the air cells 
 are less developed, less air passes through them, and less oxygen 
 is absorbed by them, and without this vitalizing element they 
 are more liable to disease and to degeneration. 
 
 The diseased area may correspond exactly to a single 
 lobe, or may not. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease usually begins with a chill, followed 
 by fever and pain, which is increased by the cough which develops. 
 The pain is also increased by pressure from the inflammation and 
 swelling. The temperature rises rapidly. At first the pulse 
 is full and strong, but may show early signs of embarrassed 
 heart action. Respiration is shallow and rapid, and may increase 
 to forty, fifty, or more per minute, according to the amount of 
 lung structure involved. By rapid breathing Nature tries to com- 
 pensate for the temporary loss of function in the diseased lung. 
 The rapid breathing causes interrupted speech. The cough is 
 harsh at first, and soon a frothy mucus appears. This later 
 changes to a thick, tenacious form, due to the many new 
 cells in the air passages which the increased blood supply has 
 furnished. The increased blood supply also increases the secre- 
 tions. 
 
 On the second or third day "rusty" sputum appears, the 
 color being due to the rupture of small blood vessels around the 
 air cells. The secretions continue and become yellowish, due to 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 251 
 
 degenerative changes. There may be headache. Sleeplessness 
 may be difficult to control. There may be delirium. If this 
 occurs early, it is not important; if it occurs late, the condition is 
 graver. Delirium is more frequent when the disease occurs in 
 drunkards. The face is flushed and there may be nosebleed. 
 Gastric disturbance may be more or less marked. The kidneys 
 are less active. Prostration is marked from the first. There is 
 more or less pleurisy, or inflammation of the delicate membrane 
 which encloses the lung. This would be absent at first if the 
 disease were located in the center of the lung, and would remain 
 absent if the disease should not reach the surface of the organ. 
 When occurring in drunkards, the disease may resemble delirium 
 tremens. Pain, cough and expectoration may then be slight. 
 
 With children, convulsions may take the place of the chill. 
 The spinal nerves are always liable to spasmodic action unless 
 controlled by reason and judgment, which exist in the brain. 
 The child's brain may not have developed a controlling influence, 
 hence the convulsions. 
 
 The disease terminates by crisis, i. e., suddenly and, usually, 
 favorably, from the fifth to the tenth day. Within twenty-four 
 hours convalescence is established, and recovery follows rapidly 
 in most cases. 
 
 In the congestion which marks the first stage of pneumonia, 
 the lung becomes gorged with blood, which later coagulates and 
 renders the affected portion solid and firm. During the last 
 stage, or from the fifth to the tenth day, the coagulation liquefies 
 and is generally discharged by expectoration, which is increased 
 at this time. Circulation is re-established, and the air cells are 
 rapidly freed and return to their normal condition. This is called 
 resolution. In this case the lung structure proper remains undis- 
 turbed. Some inflammatory thickening is liable to remain. 
 
 When absorption is not complete, one or more abscesses may 
 form. If a number are present, the intervening lung substance 
 may break down and form one large abscess, which may break 
 into the pleural, or chest cavity, into the abdominal cavity, into 
 the digestive tract, or may point externally. If in the lower right 
 lobe, it may extend to the liver. If not too large, it may be 
 absorbed Abscess formation is described under Appendicitis. 
 Abscesses usually break into the bronchial tubes and the pus is 
 expectorated. Abscesses are rare and indicate a bad condition of 
 the system before the attack. The lower lobes are most liable to 
 abscess, for the same reason that they are most liable to the 
 disease. 
 
 Gangrene is also rare and indicates an unhealthy system 
 from the first. The unhealthy condition of the blood renders the 
 inflammation, swelling and pressure so intense as to entirely shut 
 
252 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 off circulation, and the tissues die. A small amount of dead 
 tissue may be cast off through the bronchial tubes. There is also 
 intense inflammation in gangrene, as this is Nature's means of 
 checking its spread. It marks the battle line between the living 
 and the dead, and if the gangrenous tissue is eliminated through 
 the air tubes, the intense inflammation may cause new tissue 
 growth sufficient to cause pressure and interfere with the circula- 
 tion a second time, and thus aid in its own destruction. Degen- 
 eration of such tissue might result in abscess. 
 
 In chronic pneumonia resolution is not complete, the air cells 
 do not clear up, and there remains a low form of inflammation 
 which is continuous and causes a thickening by new cell growth. 
 
 If death results, it usually occurs in the second stage, and is 
 caused by heart failure resulting from the poison in the system. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor. In 
 the meantime put the feet into water as hot as can be borne, 
 afterwards rub and dry them thoroughly with a crash towel, put 
 the patient to bed, cover warmly and keep perfectly quiet. Give 
 hot herb drinks and apply hot applications to the chest — cloths 
 wrung out of hot water or the hot decoction of some bitter herb, 
 or a hot Flax seed or Mustard poultice. Get the patient to 
 sweating. 
 
 A. Commence treatment by giving the patient an active 
 cathartic A large Mustard plaster may be placed over the 
 affected lung. Some recommend a blister plaster, but we do not, 
 because a large blister is a very uncomfortable reminder, and we 
 think the Mustard plaster sufficient. 
 
 Put the patient to bed in a large, well- ventilated room and 
 maintain a temperature of from 75 to 80 degrees, providing at the 
 same time for a free exchange of air. Put an abundance of cover- 
 ing over the patient and give him hot drinks; sweat him pro- 
 fusely. To aid in producing sweating, give the following once 
 an hour: 
 
 Fluid Extract of Veratrum Viride.... 2 drops. 
 Fluid Extract of Ipecac 1 drop. 
 
 also, 
 Atropine (pill or tablet) ^^ grain. 
 
 The object of this treatment is to bring the blood to the sur- 
 face and equalize the circulation. If this can be done, it will 
 readily be seen that it will relieve the congestion or inflammation 
 of the lungs. 
 
 If the patient becomes nauseated, skip a few doses of the 
 Veratrum and Ipecac ; if the pupils of the eye become dilated, 
 skip the Atropine. If the inflammation continues, the Veratrum 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS: 253 
 
 should be continued in 2 -drop doses every two hours (or less often 
 if it occasions nausea) for a few days. Also give ^V of a grain of 
 Strychnine in pill or tablet form four times a day. Strychnine is 
 an active stimulant, while Veratrum tends to relieve the inflamed 
 lungs. 
 
 B. Apply Mustard plaster on painful lung. Take hot drinks 
 and bath as hot as can be borne, and go to bed. Get warm and 
 perspire freely. — (38). 
 
 C. When first taken, or soon after the chill, put 5 drops of 
 the Tincture of Veratrum Viride in }4 glass of water, and give 1 
 teaspoonful each half hour. It will quiet the fever and conges- 
 tion in twenty-four hours. Of course, if the disease has run 
 until consolidation has taken place, Veratrum will do no good; 
 but if given early it is an excellent remedy. — (43). 
 
 D. In the beginning — at the time of chill or a few hours 
 after — give 1 -drop doses of the Tincture of Veratrum Viride each 
 half hour. 
 
 For hard cough put % grain of Morphine in % glass of 
 water. One teaspoonful given when needed to quiet will be of 
 real service. — (43) — Homeopathic. 
 
 E. If the fever is not broken up within forty-eight hours, the 
 patient should receive a bath every day. Baths aid largely in 
 controlling the temperature. This is important, as the prolonged 
 use of fever remedies, such as Veratrum, Aconite, etc., is not 
 recommended, because they lower temperature only at the 
 expense of the vitality and strength of the patient. Keep the 
 bowels active. Secure at least one thorough movement every 
 day. Give 5 grains of Salol every three hours. 
 
 If at any time the patient seems weak or losing strength, 
 give any additional stimulants. We do not recommend the use 
 of whiskey in any form in the treatment of these cases because 
 our experience is that it tends to nauseate and destroy appetite, 
 and in cases of pneumonia the most nourishing diet is of the 
 utmost importance. The physical strength or vitality must be 
 maintained in as high a degree as possible. Frequent feeding of 
 the most nourishing food is necessary. Meats or solid foods are 
 not called for at this time, although rice boiled for three hours, 
 soft boiled eggs, milk, toast, etc., are perfectly safe. 
 
 When the patient gets up, great care should be taken to 
 avoid exposure, and continued attendance to the bowels and 
 regular habits in eating are necessary. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia. — We are not unmindful of the repu- 
 tation that Carbonate of Ammonia has in the treatment of this 
 disease. When exposed to air, Carbonate of Ammonia readily 
 undergoes a change which renders it worthless. To be of any 
 
254 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 value it must be hard and glistening — so hard that it cannot be 
 cut with a knife. As usually found it is soft and readily pulver- 
 ized, or at least readily shaved with a pocket knife. There may 
 be quite a strong odor of Ammonia, yet the strength is largely 
 gone. We have had a good deal of experience with this drug 
 and urge a careful inspection before trusting the patient to its 
 effects. There is so little Carbonate of Ammonia that is of value 
 that it should be excluded from the list of remedies. 
 
 PLEURO - PNEUMONIA. — Pleuropneumonia means 
 pneumonia plus inflammation of the pleura — the delicate mem- 
 brane which surrounds the lungs. Probably there is always 
 some affection of the pleura in attacks of pneumonia. If the 
 pleura is involved to any great extent, there is more pain, the 
 pain is much more severe, and recovery is more doubtful. The 
 patient may fully recover from the pneumonia, but the effects 
 may linger in the pleura and tuberculosis result. Besides enclos- 
 ing the lungs, the pleura is also reflected around the inner surface 
 of the chest cavity; thus there are two membranes. During 
 inflammation of the membrane that encloses the lungs, the two 
 surfaces in various places may become adherent, that is, grow 
 fast, leaving a cavity or pocket of greater or less size. The 
 exudate which follows the inflammation may remain unabsorbed, 
 may contain serum and lymph, there may be some blood, and 
 later it may change into pus, thus rendering the condition 
 serious. If pus forms, complete recovery is doubtful, and fre- 
 quently these cases proceed to tuberculosis with considerable 
 rapidity. 
 
 Cause. — Extension of the pneumonia and involvement of the 
 pleura. It should be remembered that inflammation of the 
 pleura may occur without pneumonia. See Pleurisy. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are increased pain and other 
 exaggeration of the symptoms of pneumonia. The exudate soon 
 overspreads the affected surface of the pleura, and the two layers or 
 membranes may become adherent, as already mentioned. If the 
 exudate is absorbed, the points at which the two layers of the 
 pleura have grown together may, by reason of the constant 
 motion of the lungs, gradually separate, leaving the two surfaces 
 attached by a band or cord of greater or less length. This is 
 comparatively harmless, in fact, may do no harm. A little twinge 
 of pain, or other like evidence, may remind the patient in later 
 years that this condition exists. This condition may also result 
 from inflammation of the pleura without pneumonia. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same as that used in the usual forms of 
 pneumonia. The pain is very severe. The membranes contained 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 255 
 
 in any enclosed cavity, as the chest cavity or abdominal cavity, 
 are called serous membranes. They differ from mucous mem- 
 branes in being much thinner, and the secretions furnished by 
 them are more of a serous or watery nature, hence the term, 
 serous membranes. These membranes, wherever found, are 
 extremely sensitive, hence in acute inflammation the pain is 
 always severe and usually requires Opium in some form — perhaps 
 Morphine is the oftenest used because it is the most convenient. 
 Morphine may be given in )4 to x /i -grain doses as needed, or 
 Dover's powders in 5-grain doses. Kither should be given in 
 sufficient amount to control the pain (see note below). Also 
 attend to the bowels and give the ordinary fever remedies as 
 needed. If the case is protracted, stimulants will also be needed; 
 stimulants are always needed in the aged. After convalescence 
 has been established give a teaspoonful of Syrup of Hydriodic 
 Acid four times a day — between meals and at bedtime. 
 
 Note. — We do not recommend the free use of opiates; in fact, we are 
 opposed to their use unless actually needed, because they cover or mask the 
 symptoms and deceive the attendants. Again, their effects always interfere 
 more or less with digestion, elimination and assimilation; but when pain is 
 beyond control by other means, their results are less damaging than the 
 debilitating effects of the pain. 
 
 MALARIAL FEVERS.— (See under Fevers). 
 
 MALINGERING — FEIGNED SICKNESS. — Some- 
 times after accident or injury, or possibly following some diseases 
 or conditions, the patient pretends or feigns sickness which does 
 not exist. In treating these cases a careful examination should 
 always be made. If pain is complained of, make pressure at 
 that point. The patient is very likely to say you hurt him. 
 Make him go through some light exercise — walking, sitting, 
 bending forward, or exercising the arms. Note if there is any 
 muscular wasting. A careful examination always makes a favor- 
 able impression on the patient's mind. This is not only pleasing 
 to the patient, but is a great advantage in aiding one to speak 
 favorably of the case. It should be remembered that a careful 
 examination cures many of these cases; but one must first gain the 
 patient's confidence, hence the necessity of such examination. 
 If there should be any muscular wasting, it would indicate 
 disease of the spinal cord. The various pains the patient com- 
 plains of, if they are real, are probably rheumatic in nature. It 
 is probably advisable in these cases to give some light treatment, 
 and as a rule the case can be discharged at an early date. 
 
256 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Recommended Treatment. — 
 
 Hypodermic injection of t \ grain of Apomorphia for persons 
 pretending to have taken poisons, or for hysterical fits. Relaxes 
 the nervous system and produces prompt emesis — vomiting. — 
 
 (SO- 
 
 MEASLES.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 
 
 MENINGITIS.— (See under Brain, Diseases of). 
 
 MENORRHAGIA.— (See under Women's Diseases). 
 
 METORRHAGIA.— (See under Women's Diseases). 
 
 MILK SICKNESS. — A number of years ago there was a 
 disease among the cattle in this locality called Zembles, which 
 disease was caused by their eating or drinking poisonous food or 
 water. Persons eating the beef or butter or drinking the milk 
 of the diseased cattle were very sick, and we called it " milk sick- 
 ness" I was called in counsel with Dr. John Martin in the case 
 of an old lady who had vomited every few minutes for thirty-six 
 hoars and who every moment expected to die. Looking in my 
 medicine bag I found I was out of the acids I wanted, but that I 
 had Sulphuric Acid and Carbonate of Ammonia. I diluted the 
 Acid and added the Ammonia and had her drink it while 
 effervescing. We staid an hour, during which time she did not 
 vomit, and on returning the next day found that she had not 
 vomited and was much better — in fact, she never had another 
 attack of vomiting to the day of her death, which was many 
 years afterward. I have tried the same remedy many times 
 since with the same result. The proper dose is 5 grains of Car- 
 bonate of Ammonia to 1 to 2 drops of the Sulphuric Acid, well 
 diluted with water. This dose may be repeated if necessary. — 
 
 (84). 
 
 MORTIFICATION.— (See under Gangrene). 
 
 MOUTH, DISEASES OF.— As nearly all diseases of the 
 mouth are affections of childhood, this subject has been placed 
 under Diseases of Children. For Syphilitic Sore Mouth, see 
 under Venereal Diseases. 
 
 MUMPS — PAROTIDITIS. — The parotid glands are 
 placed one on each side of the neck just in front of the ear, and at 
 the lower border of the ear they extend back to the mastoid pro- 
 cess — the prominent bone just behind the ear. Each of these 
 glands weigh about one ounce. They are formed of many small 
 lobules, held together by connective tissue. Each lobule presents 
 many little openings or miniature glands, and each lobule gives 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 257 
 
 rise to an excretory duct. These ducts unite and form a single duct, 
 one on each side, about i}£ inches in length. The single ducts 
 pass horizontally through the substance of the cheek, one on each 
 side, and terminate in the mouth opposite the second double molar 
 tooth on the upper jaw. The parotid glands are the principal 
 ones which furnish the saliva (see Digestion). 
 
 Mumps means inflammation of the Parotid glands. There 
 are other glands situated beneath the jaw which may also become 
 affected. It is an acute, contagious disease, which develops 
 about fourteen days after exposure and lasts about one week. 
 One or both glands may be affected at the same time. Usually 
 one is affected first, the inflammation of the other occurring later. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is a specific ferment or poison, the 
 original source of which is unknown. 
 
 Symptoms — As usually described, the first symptom may be 
 a sense of chilliness followed by a slight rise of temperature, 
 slight increase in the pulse rate, headache, languor, loss of appe- 
 tite and pain at the angle of the jaw. The pain is increased on 
 opening the mouth or in attempting to swallow. There is a 
 chain of glands situated on each side of the neck, and the entire 
 chain may become swollen. The swelling may also include the 
 side of the face. If the disease occurs only on one side, the head 
 may be turned toward the affected side as this relieves the tension 
 and pain. In many cases the chills, fever, increase in pulse rate 
 and headache may be entirely absent. The inflammation con- 
 tinues from four to six days and then gradually declines. In rare 
 cases the parotid glands may suppurate, that is, an abscess form. 
 There is a small opening in the mastoid process through which 
 the seventh cranial nerve (see Neuralgia) passes, then con- 
 tinues forward through the parotid glands and supplies the 
 muscles of the face, giving them the power of motion. It is said 
 that in some cases the pressure of the swollen gland may cause 
 temporary and partial paralysis of this nerve. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The bowels should be kept active and the patient avoid 
 taking cold. A well ventilated room where the temperature is 
 uniform is best suited for cases of this kind. Very little med- 
 icine is needed. Salicylate of Soda may be given in 5 -grain doses 
 every three hours. If necessary for the fever, give i-drop doses 
 of Aconite every hour. If there is evidence of pus formation, 
 large hot poultices should be kept over the affected side of the 
 face and neck, and the abscess opened as soon as pus is dis- 
 covered. Should the patient take cold during the course of the 
 disease, serious complications are likely to follow. 
 17 
 
258 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Keep patient on a light diet, and correct constipation, if 
 it exists, with small doses of Kpsom or Rochelle Salts. If the 
 swollen glands are painful, a poultice of Hops will give relief; or 
 apply Camphorated Oil and hot flannel. If complications arise, 
 call the doctor. 
 
 C. Apply small square of Belladonna plaster to jaws. Avoid 
 catching cold. — (38). 
 
 D. No particular treatment is necessary, but keep in the 
 house and keep the throat done up in flannel. Warm herb drinks 
 are good. Keep the feet warm, and particularly avoid exposure 
 to dampness, as in case of contracting a cold by this means the 
 Swelling may spread to other glands and become a serious matter. 
 
 MYELITIS— INFLAMMATION OF THE SPINAL 
 
 CORD. — It will be remembered that the spinal cord is composed 
 of large nerve cells and nerve fibers, which are held together by 
 delicate connective tissue and surrounded by membranes. The 
 fibers of the cord are situated externally and divided into separate 
 columns or tracts. Each tract is supposed to be endowed with 
 separate functions or duties. Different diseases are sometimes 
 limited to one or more of these tracts. The various forms of 
 inflammation often follow a single tract, hence the various names 
 given to Myelitis, or Inflammation of the Spinal Cord, as: Anterior 
 Myelitis, meaning front part; Lateral Myelitis, meaning the sides; 
 Posterior Myelitis, meaning behind; Tra?isverse Myelitis, meaning 
 clear across, etc. 
 
 Cause. — Acute myelitis may be caused by poisons resulting 
 from the infectious diseases. It may follow spinal meningitis, 
 i. e., inflammation of the membrane which surrounds the cord. 
 It may result from accident or injury. 
 
 Symptoms. — The acute form comes on suddenly. The vessels 
 of the cord are first congested. This is followed by inflammation 
 with rise in temperature and pain along the back. The spinal 
 column is sensitive to the touch. First there may be pain in the 
 lower limbs, and as the disease continues this is followed by a 
 sense of numbness; later the limbs become more or less 
 paralyzed. The paralysis is governed by the amount of inflam- 
 mation. There is also a sense of constriction about the body; 
 this is usually accompanied by more or less pain. There may 
 be involuntary discharges from the bowels and bladder. Later 
 there may be bed sores, with wasting of the muscles supplied by 
 the nerves from the affected part of the cord. During the 
 progress of the disease there may be spasmodic action el the 
 muscles of the affected part. The sense of constriction about the 
 body, sometimes called girdle pai?is, the early loss of sensation 
 and paralysis, and the bed sores, are the most prominent symp- 
 toms of acute myelitis. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 259 
 
 Chronic Myelitis means paralysis. See Paralysis. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — To make the patient 
 comfortable in bed is perhaps the most that can be accomplished. 
 Sweating will aid in affording relief, and in the meantime a hot 
 bath might be given before going to bed, or at least the feet put 
 into hot water; also means to produce sweating after he is in 
 bed, as cans or jugs of hot water placed around him. If the 
 bowels have been constipated, give a cathartic. Insure quiet 
 until the doctor can arrive. 
 
 A. Inflammation of the spinal cord is the same as inflamma- 
 tion elsewhere. If any means can be secured to equalize the 
 circulation, relief will follow. First put the patient to bed. By 
 lying on the side or face the cord is said to be somewhat relieved 
 (doubtful). Put the feet in hot water, give hot drinks, produce 
 sweating, give frequent baths followed by brisk rubbing, keep 
 the skin active, give an active cathartic, and, if possible, keep 
 the bowels regular. To aid in producing sweating small doses 
 of Aconite may be given — one drop every thirty minutes until 
 the skin is moist. Atropine is another very good remedy to 
 equalize the circulation and relieve congestion and inflammation. 
 Give T J 7 of a grain every hour for two or three doses — until the 
 throat is dry or the pupil dilates. Atropine will not produce 
 sweating, but with plenty of hot drinks and artificial heat, 
 sweating may be produced while giving Atropine, and both are 
 of the highest importance in inflammation. Veratrum is another 
 most excellent drug; however, it differs in no way from Aconite. 
 If the inflammation is the result of syphilis, give anti-syphilitic 
 treatment. If the patient is strong, dieting for a few days will 
 be of benefit. Absolute quiet should be maintained. If the 
 disease continues, nourishment and elimination are points to be 
 especially remembered. 
 
 NAUSEA— SICKNESS AT THE STOMACH.— Re- 
 commended Treatments. 
 
 A. Give the sixth dilution of Nux Vomica either in solution 
 or in pill form — 1 or 2 drops of the solution or 1 or 2 pills every 
 thirty minutes until relieved. — (56) — Homeopathic. 
 
 B. One or two 'full doses of Paregoric is all-sufficient. For 
 adult, one teaspoonful. — (30). 
 
 C. One tablespoonful of very hot water every few minutes. 
 
 D. ^ teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of Soda in ^ a glass of 
 water, very hot, and taken in one dose. Repeat every hour if 
 needed. — (41). 
 
2 6o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 E. Subnitrate of Bismuth, % of an ounce. Divide into 24 
 powders and take 1 powder every two hours. Apply a Mustard 
 plaster to the stomach. Drink a cup of hot water every two or 
 three hours. — (42). 
 
 F. A Spice plaster over the pit of the stomach. Small pieces 
 of ice in the mouth. Give the following: 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 3 grains. 
 
 Oxalate of Cerium 3 " 
 
 Divide into 12 powders and take one every 
 fifteen minutes. — (35). 
 
 G. Apply Mustard plaster over the stomach. Drink Mint 
 tea, such as Peppermint, Spearmint, etc. Take one tablespoon- 
 ful of Iyime Water and put into a glass half full of sweet milk. 
 Drink three or four times a day. Diet for a few days. 
 
 NERVOUSNESS. — This term is appl'.ed to a condition of 
 hyperesthesia, or unusual sensitiveness to sound and impressions. 
 It is also sometimes called neurasthenia, meaning a deficiency in 
 nerve power — nerve exhaustion. These conditions are also called 
 hysteria, fidgets, etc., and may result in 7nelancholia or strange 
 hallucinations. 
 
 Cause. — It may be caused by the prolonged use of alcohol, by 
 using too much tobacco, or may be due to the climacteric period 
 — change of life. It is probably oftenest caused by prolonged 
 dyspepsia, where the general system becomes irritated by un- 
 healthy blood and weakened from lack of nutrition. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are unnatural irritability, over- 
 sensitiveness, and nervous apprehension or anxiety. There is 
 often constipation, and some disturbance of the appetite, which 
 may be voracious at times and at other times lacking. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. It will not do to tell the patient that he or she has 
 hysterics. These cases may or may not need treatment. Unless 
 the patient was born with some defect in the nervous system, the 
 trouble is the result of indigestion from some cause, which has 
 resulted in an unhealthy system. The nerves have become shat- 
 tered — have lost their "tone," or vigor. If a physician is 
 handling the case, it is necessary to make a careful examination 
 because this makes a favorable impression upon the patient's 
 mind. It aids in gaining confidence, and without this confidence 
 all treatment would fail because the patient would neither follow 
 directions nor take the medicine given. True, there may be 
 but little medicine needed. First give attention to the elimina- 
 tive organs, regulate the diet, give artificial digestants for a short 
 time if needed, and secure proper hygienic surroundings and 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 261 
 
 proper exercise. The following mixture is valuable in these 
 cases, as in many others, for the amount of nourishment which it 
 contains; it is not a medicine, but a food. The Maltine contains 
 a ferment similar to the pty aline found in the saliva, which aids 
 materially in digestion. One part of this ferment is contained in 
 500 parts of the Maltine, or any good extract of Malt: 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 3 ounces 
 Maltine, or any good extract of Malt 6 ' ' 
 
 Mix, by shaking the bottle, and take 1 table- 
 spoonful three times a day, just before meals 
 or immediately after. A tablespoonful may 
 also be taken at bedtime. 
 
 B. If the nervous symptoms are slight, give one pill of 
 Aconitine Amorphous, y| ¥ of a grain, also one pill of Anemonine, 
 Y-Jy °f a g ram > every hour for a few days; then once in two hours 
 during the day. The 2 pills may be given together at the same 
 time. 
 
 If the trouble is due to the change of life, the Bromides are 
 more valuable. Bromide of Potash and Bromide of Ammonia, of 
 each 5 grains, may be given two or three times a day. This 
 amount can be increased if necessary. 
 
 In case of young girls, give Cyperipedin T 1 7 of a grain, and 
 Scutillarin ■£$ of a grain, every two hours. When quiet is re- 
 stored, stop it altogether, until the symptoms re-appear. 
 
 When the effect is the result of alcohol, teaspoonful doses of 
 Tincture of Capsicum well diluted, and -fo of a grain of Strych- 
 nine may be given every three hours for a few days, then twice 
 a day, more or less, as needed. In case of alcoholics, hot baths 
 and a brisk rub are also advised, at the same time keeping the 
 bowels active. 
 
 In all cases strict attention should be given to diet, alimentary 
 sanitation and hygiene. — (72). 
 
 C. For nervousness nervines should be given. One of the 
 best nervines is a tea made of Scullcap (see chapter on Herbs), or 
 of English Valerian, or of American Valerian (common Lady 
 Slipper) . Or Assafcetida in 5 -grain doses may be given. The 
 use of any one of these remedies should be continued for a con- 
 siderable length of time if one is subject to nervousness. 
 
 D. Regulate the diet and bowels. Eat nothing indigestible. 
 Drink only milk and water. — (38). 
 
 E. Tincture of Valerianate of Am- 
 monia 2 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — y z to 1 teaspoonful three times a day. 
 
 —(24). 
 
262 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 F. Celerina — made by Rio Chemical 
 
 Co., St. Louis, Mo 2 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — i teaspoonful three or four times a 
 day in water. 
 
 or, 
 
 Peacock's Bromides 2 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — 1 teaspoonful three times a day in 
 water. — (20). 
 
 G. Bromide of Potash 1 ounce. 
 
 Peppermint Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful in water three or 
 four times a day, or oftener if needed. 
 
 A tepid sponge bath every day is excellent for nervousness. 
 -(42)- 
 
 H. % grain of Atropine in one glass of water. Give 1 
 teaspoonful each half hour until relieved. — (43). 
 
 NETTLE RASH.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 NEURALGIA. — This is a disease of the nervous system, 
 characterized by paroxysms of pain of a darting, stabbing 
 character. Usually one side only is affected, whether of the 
 body or head, the pain following the course of some sensory 
 nerve. 
 
 The divisions given below, as, Neuralgia of the Fifth Nerve, 
 etc., simply indicate the nerve affected, and the course taken by 
 the affected nerve or nerves. These nerves have their origin in 
 the brain and spinal cord. 
 
 Neuralgia of the Fifth Nerve — of the face. — The nerves 
 that have their origin in the brain are called the cranial nerves. 
 They are often spoken of as the first, second, third, etc., according 
 to their point of origin. The one arising nearest in front is 
 called the first, the next, the second, the third, fourth, fifth, and 
 so on. The fifth is the great nerve of sensation to the head and 
 face and the motor nerve to the muscles of mastication. The 
 sensory branches are a very common seat of neuralgia, probably 
 by reason of their large distribution. The nerve on the left side 
 is the one usually affected. The pain may extend over the entire 
 side of the face, or be confined to certain branches of the nerve, 
 particularly to the branches that run around the eye — one just 
 over it and one just underneath. In this case, if the pain is of 
 any duration, the eye becomes bloodshot in appearance, "runs 
 water," and is sensitive to the light. Also pressure on the bone 
 just underneath the eyebrow and under the eye next to the nose 
 causes a feeling of tenderness. At these points a fiber of the 
 fifth nerve comes through the bone. Megrim and Hemicrania 
 are terms frequently applied to neuralgia of the face where but 
 one side is affected. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 263 
 
 In severe cases of facial neuralgia there may be a convulsive 
 twitching of the muscles on the affected side, to which the name 
 Tic-douloureux has been given. The term tic-douloureux is 
 also applied to a spasmodic twitching of the muscles of the face 
 without pain. The muscles of the face are controlled by the 
 seventh cranial nerve, hence in tic-douloureux the fifth nerve, 
 the nerve of sensation, is not necessarily involved. 
 
 Cervico-Occipital Neuralgia — of the neck and back of 
 the head. — The occipital nerve is also subject to neuralgia, the 
 pain running down the back of the head into the neck as far as 
 the collar-bone, thence upward and forward to the cheek. The 
 affected part may become very sensitive to the touch, also an 
 eruption may appear on the skin. In some cases there is a sen- 
 sation of cracking at the nape of the neck which is very annoy- 
 ing. The pain comes on in paroxysms, and is either sharp and 
 stabbing or deep and gripping in character. 
 
 Cervico-Brachial Neuralgia — of the neck and arm. — The 
 nerve of the arm (brachial) may be affected with neuralgia. 
 The pain extends from the neck down into the arm, causing a 
 feeling of numbness and weakness in the hand, arm and shoulder, 
 with a feeling of tenderness to the touch of all the parts affected, 
 the tenderness extending also to the breast. 
 
 Intercostal Neuralgia — of the side. — Another seat of neu- 
 ralgia is in the side, resulting from a nerve which follows the 
 fifth and sixth ribs, from which it derives the name intercostal. 
 This is frequently associated with an eruption known as 
 shingles, and is characterized by tenderness at points where 
 the nerve emerges from the bone — at the side of the chest, and in 
 the front near the breast-bone. 
 
 Lumbo-Abdominal Neuralgia — of the loins. — The pain in 
 this neuralgia differs from the forms described only in affecting a 
 different set of nerves — those extending from the upper part of 
 the hip to the lower part of the abdomen and contiguous parts. 
 
 Sciatica — of the thigh. — In this the pain follows the sciatic 
 nerve, shooting along the back of the hip into the inner side of 
 the thigh and down into the calf of the leg, ankle and heel. 
 The foot loses the sense of touch, movement of the limb is ac- 
 complished with pain and difficulty, and, if the neuralgia is of 
 long duration, a wasting of the limb takes place. 
 
 While the foregoing terms are often employed in speaking 
 of Neuralgia, they are unimportant except to indicate where the 
 trouble is located. Almost any pain may be called neuralgia. 
 Neuron means nerve, plus algos, pain. 
 
264 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Cause of Neuralgia. — The conditions present in neuralgia 
 and rheumatism (see Rheumatism) are the same, and the 
 pain is Nature's voice forcibly expressed, calling attention to 
 our errors. It is evidence that the patient has overstepped the 
 limit of safety and now must pay principal and interest. It 
 would be as proper to say rheumatism of the face as neuralgia of 
 the face, but through habit we call it the latter. The term 
 muscular rheumatism is not correct. If tne reader should exam- 
 ine the fibers of the affected muscle under the microscope, such 
 fibers would appear normal. There would be no evidence of 
 inflammation or other trouble, showing cleaily that the disease 
 was in the nerve fiber and not the muscle fiber. When the ' ' bones 
 ache," the same conditions are present, but another part is 
 affected. The part is affected first that offers the least resistance. 
 In some resistance is less in one part or organ, and in others, 
 in another part or organ. Pain is controlled according to our 
 several powers to resist, and we all understand that these are not 
 the same in each individual. Any and all of these conditions are 
 evidence that there remains in the system irritating waste 
 material that should be eliminated. As evidence that these 
 statements are true, these cases almost universally give a history 
 of constipation. Again, the urine is highly colored. This color 
 is due to uric acid, which has been rasping through the system 
 and which the kidneys are doing their best to eliminate. Sick 
 headache is also an evidence of indigestion followed by the pro- 
 duction of poison that produces local irritation in the stomach. 
 The undigested food also aids or increases the irritation. 
 
 If further evidence is needed, let us view the situation from 
 another standpoint. The circulation of the brain is conducted 
 through the carotid arteries. These are situated one on either 
 side of the neck, and lie parallel to the jugular vein. The one 
 on the left side is more direct, hence it is shorter. The result is 
 a more forcible circulation, resulting in greater pressure, and it 
 follows that any irritating substances or material would produce 
 a sharper or more acute effect. This explains the statement 
 already made that neuralgia of the face usually occurs on the 
 left side. The artery that supplies the left eye is a branch of 
 the shorter carotid, and the increased pressure and irritation pro- 
 duce congestion of this artery. This explains why the left eye 
 becomes "bloodshot." The middle coat of the eyeball is made 
 up of radiating fibers of the same artery, hence the congestion 
 causes pressure on the delicate fibers of the optic nerve, which 
 are in contact with the artery and form the inner coat of the eye, 
 and this accounts for the sensitiveness of the eye already 
 mentioned. Apoplexy is caused by the rupture of an artery 
 near the base of the brain. The ruptured artery is usually found 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 265 
 
 on the left side of the brain. While this is a separate disease 
 from neuralgia, it supports the foregoing statements regarding 
 pressure and irritation. At the junction of the brain and spinal 
 cord the nerve fibers cross, with the result that the right side is 
 usually paralyzed. 
 
 There are a few exceptions to these statements, but they are 
 rare. The foregoing conditions will cover or include nearly all 
 cases of rheumatism or neuralgia. 
 
 Exciting Cause. — Exposure to cold or damp, anxiety or 
 undue mental exertion, may be the exciting or immediate cause 
 of neuralgia, as any of these tends to interfere with external 
 circulation. This means that more of the irritating blood is 
 retained in the internal organs, the brain and spinal cord 
 receiving their share of the over-supply. Irritation of these 
 structures is thus increased, hence the affection of the various 
 nerves leading from them. The irritation also follows in the 
 small arteries which supply the nerve fibers themselves. This 
 aids in causing congestion, pressure and pain. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. Sulphate of Morphine 2^ grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Strychnine y$ " 
 
 Tincture of Aconite 18 drops. 
 
 Fowler's Solution \ l / z drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Blixir, enough to make 2 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful. Repeat in 
 one hour, if needed. 
 
 B. Camphorated Olive Oil 1 ounce. 
 
 Chloroform 1 drachm. 
 
 Apply externally. 
 
 Antikamnia 20 grains. 
 
 Sulphate of Quinine 30 " 
 
 Camphor, powdered 5 " 
 
 Capsicum, powdered 10 " 
 
 Tincture of Aconite Root 10 drops. 
 
 Mix, and make 10 capsules. Dose. —Take 
 one every 3 or 4 hours. — (28). 
 
 C. Take English Valerian, steep to make a tea and drink 
 freely of it. Take from 20 to 30 drops of Paregoric two or three 
 times a day. Counter-irritants, such as Mustard plasters, etc., 
 placed over the region of pain are beneficial. 
 
 D. x /i grain of Atropine in one glass of water. Give 1 tea- 
 spoonful every half hour until relieved. — (43). 
 
 E. Antikamnia and Quinine Tablets. One every 3 hours. 
 -(20). 
 
266 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 F. Menthol 45 grains. 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Cologne Water, enough to make 3 " 
 
 Mix, and apply over painful part. — (59), 
 
 G. Megrim. — 
 
 Antipyrine 1 drachm. 
 
 Spirits Ammonia 1 " 
 
 Elixir Bromide Potash 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful every 2 or 3 
 hours until relieved — (29). 
 
 H. Megtim. — 5 grains of Acetanilid every hour until relieved. 
 
 -(57)- 
 
 Important. — It should be remembered that the foregoing 
 
 remedies produce only a temporary effect, and that the general 
 
 system must be improved before permanent relief can be expected. 
 
 Attention to diet, elimination, fresh air, proper exercise, etc., are 
 
 all of the greatest importance. 
 
 NIGHT SWEATS.— Night Sweats are the result of pro- 
 longed fevers, tuberculosis, or other conditions where there is 
 general weakness. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Atropine in y^-g- to -^ grain doses one hour before going 
 to bed, or Agaricin in ^ grain doses, taken at the same time, 
 are most effectual in producing immediate results. It is under- 
 stood, of course, that the patient's general condition must be 
 improved before permanent benefit can be had. If the sweating 
 is the result of protracted fevers, it is evidence that poisons 
 remain in the system, and first these must be eliminated. Secure 
 thorough elimination of the bowels, and afterwards give 10 grains 
 of the Sulphocarbolate of Soda, or the same amount of Salol, 
 every four hours. If the eliminations give offensive odor, give 
 this dose every two hours until improvement, then four times a 
 day. Also give the patient 1 teaspoonful of the following 
 four times a daj^ — at meal time and bedtime. 
 
 Fowler's Solution %. ounce. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid.... 30 drops. 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Water, enough to make ., 4 ounces. 
 
 With dose of the above, give 2 grains of 
 Quinine in pill or capsule form. If the weak- 
 ness is the result of tuberculosis, see treatment 
 under that head. Also give the following : 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 2 ounces. 
 Mai tine, or a good Extract of Malt.. 6 " 
 
 Mix by shaking the bottle, and take, for an 
 adult, 1 tablespoonful at meal time and bed- 
 time — four doses a day. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 267 
 
 B. Take 10 drops of the Tincture of Belladonna at bedtime. 
 
 -(57)- 
 
 C. Elixir of Vitriol — Take 20 drops in a glassful of water 
 three times daily. — (32). 
 
 D. A teacupful of Sage tea at bedtime. — (41). 
 
 NOCTURNAL EMISSIONS— SPERMATORRHEA. 
 
 — This is an involuntary emission during sleep. Much specula- 
 tion has been indulged in, many fears created, and much suffer- 
 ing, remorse and despair have resulted from this condition by 
 reason of the prominence given it by quacks. To our personal 
 knowledge many a young man has been ruined financially, and 
 had his mind filled with horror as he tottered upon the supposed 
 brink of insanity or an early grave. This condition is the result 
 of keeping the patient's mind constantly upon the subject, and is 
 exactly what the quack or advertising doctor desires and 
 endeavors to bring about. The patient becomes so anxious that 
 he is ready to yield up his last dollar to be free from what he 
 supposes to be physical ruin, followed by imbecility or a miserable 
 death. These cases are not dangerous; on the contrary, they 
 are an indication of health, strength and vigor, and those who 
 teach otherwise are actuated by personal greed, for the sake of 
 which they would sacrifice health and manhood and make a foul 
 prostitution of the practice of medicine. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The following treatment will stop the emissions. How- 
 ever, if they only occur occasionally in a healthy young man, no 
 treatment is needed. 
 
 Bromide of Potash 1 ounce. 
 
 Glycerine 2 " 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 2 teaspoonfuls at bedtime. 
 The dose may be increased to 1 tablespoonful, 
 if necessary. Also take the following: 
 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica y 2 ounce. 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 drachms. 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal time. 
 The last remedy need not be taken without 
 the first one. 
 
 Keep the bowels active and have absolutely 
 no fear of unfavorable results. 
 
 B. Fluid Extract of Black Willow — % teaspoonful three 
 times a day in a glass of water. — (25). 
 
268 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 C. Specific Stavesacre — 2 drops four or five times a day. 
 Also Specific Passaflora — 1 teaspoonful three hours before bed- 
 time and also a teaspoonful on retiring. — (30). 
 
 D. Dilute Phosphoric Acid 75 drops. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ergot 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Columbo 3 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal time 
 and bedtime — four doses a day, — (23). 
 
 OBESITY — CORPULENCE — FAT.— Obesity is an 
 
 accumulation of fat, usually under the skin, in the abdominal 
 cavity, or both. This occurs to such an extent as to embarrass 
 the activity of the individual. Obesity is an amount of fat not 
 only incompatible with health, but may interfere with the vital 
 powers to such an extent as to be dangerous. 
 
 Cause. — Fat meat, butter, oils, starchy food, milk and sugar 
 are all given as the cause of obesity, and while it is true that 
 these have a tendency to produce fat, it is also true that there 
 are many cases of obesity where these foods are not used, or are 
 used very sparingly. The real cause lies in the fact that the food 
 eaten, whatever it may be, results in an over-production of fat. 
 Why this is so has never been satisfactorily determined. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Avoidance of the foods mentioned, daily exercise in the 
 open air, regular habits, bathing, and the avoidance of all drugs 
 to reduce the excess of adipose tissue. Drug medication may do 
 harm by lowering the vitality and rendering the system less 
 capable. Mineral waters, however, are not drugs. 
 
 B. Sprudel water, alternating with Kissingen. One glassful 
 every day. — (21). 
 
 C. Use artificial Kissingen and Vichy waters, alternately — 
 glassful twenty minutes after meals. Avoid starches and water. 
 
 -(12). 
 
 D. Avoid all food containing fat, sugar and starch, as bread, 
 rice, potatoes, fat meat, cake, candy, pudding, beans, sago, etc. 
 Eat lean meat, eggs, oysters, skimmed milk, turnips, soups, 
 small amount of toast and an occasional potato. 
 
 Work enough to keep down the fat and make muscle. — (13). 
 
 E. Bat less and exercise more. Drink no water at meals. 
 Avoid starchy diet. — (60). 
 
 F. Give Phytolacca Juice, 3 drops in water after meals. 
 Restrict the diet and grow thin. — ( 18) — Homeopathic. 
 
 G. Phytolacca. — (37)- — Homeopathic. 
 
 OPHTHALMIA.— (See under Kyk, Diseases of). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. ■ 269 
 
 OVARIES, INFLAMMATION OF, TUMOR OF, Etc. 
 
 — (See under Women's Diskasks). 
 
 PARALYSIS. — Paralysis is a partial or complete loss of 
 the power of motion of one or more of the muscles of the body. 
 By some it is also applied to the loss of sensation. Paralysis may 
 be confined to a single muscle, or may include one or both limbs, 
 or may affect one half of the body. When confined to one half 
 of the body, it is called Hemiplegia. This form is the result of 
 apoplexy. When it is confined to the upper or lower extremities, 
 it is called Paraplegia. Waiter's Paralysis is parafysis of the 
 muscles of the wrist and fingers, due to overwork. Paralysis 
 of the foot or one side of the face, or that following diphtheria, is 
 termed Local Paralysis. Paralysis Agitans, or Shaking Palsy, is a 
 term applied to that form where there is a constant trembling. 
 This is a disease of middle or advanced life. 
 
 Cause. — Most cases of paralysis are due to disease of the 
 spinal cord, and are the result of an irritant in the blood. The 
 irritant may be the virus of syphilis, or may result from the 
 prolonged use of alcohol or from chronic dyspepsia. Chronic 
 dyspepsia means constipation and an unhealthy digestive tract 
 where many poisons are generated. It seems needless to say 
 that these poisons enter the circulation and act as irritants. A 
 lack of exercise or poor hygienic surroundings aid in producing 
 irritants because they render tissue change unequal. There is an 
 excess of waste over repair. The waste is irritating and vitality 
 is lowered. In all these conditions the blood contains many 
 irritants and poisons which are constantly rasping through the 
 system. The effect is always greatest where resistance is least. 
 If in the spinal cord, it produces a low form of inflammation, 
 followed by paralysis and death. 
 
 The spinal cord contains groups of large nerve cells and 
 nerve fibers held together by a connective tissue framework. 
 Long-continued inflammation, wherever it occurs, always pro- 
 duces an overgrowth of the connective tissue; if in the spinal 
 cord, there is a corresponding destruction of the nerve fibers and 
 nerve cells. As stated elsewhere, connective tissue resulting 
 from inflammation always contracts when it matures. This con- 
 traction squeezes the nerve structures, gradually lessens circula- 
 tion, causes pressure, and aids in their destruction. The nerve 
 cells and fibers are found in different stages of degenera- 
 tion, and the aggregation of the large nerve cells which form 
 semi-independent nerve centers in the cord, degenerate and dis- 
 appear more or less completely. With the destruction of the 
 natural tissue and the contraction of the new, the spinal cord 
 becomes hard and fibrous. Practically all forms of paralysis are 
 the same. They consist of an increased blood supply, the result 
 
270 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 of inflammation, followed by degeneration of the nerves and 
 nerve cells and overgrowth of connective tissue, which contracts 
 and hardens. Sometimes one part of the cord is affected and 
 sometimes another. 
 
 A nerve is no more nor less than a long-drawn-out process 
 of a nerve cell. Certain cells in the brain and spinal cord send 
 out these prolongations, and thus the nervous system is formed. 
 The nerves of sensation arise in the back part of the cord, hence 
 inflammation of this part is first indicated by increased sensibility, 
 which may be in the form of pain, or of a tingling sensation; 
 later there is loss of sensation, showing that the destruction 
 is more complete. The nerves of motion arise in the front part 
 of the cord, hence inflammation of this part, acting as a stimu- 
 lant, is first indicated by increased muscular action. This is 
 followed by a loss of motion and shrinking of the muscles, show- 
 ing destruction and degeneration of this system. The voluntary 
 muscles of the body and extremities are supplied with nerves 
 from the spinal cord. Many of the nerves rising in the brain 
 extend downward, connect with the spinal nerves and modify or 
 control their action; but during inflammation messages cannot be 
 transmitted through the diseased area in the cord. This leaves 
 that portion below the disease without a break, and the spinal 
 nerves, having escaped the control of the brain, set up a 
 spasmodic action due to the inflammation. At first the inflam- 
 mation acts as a stimulant and the nerves respond by involuntary 
 movement. The patient cannot control his actions because of 
 the constant excitement kept up in the cord, and because control 
 cannot be sent from the brain. This is the condition present in 
 Locomotor Ataxia. In the second stage of that disease the feet 
 and lower limbs escape the control of the patient and fly in all 
 directions. Later, as the disease extends upward, the hands and 
 arms may suffer in the same way. With the destruction of the 
 nerves of motion, paralysis is complete. 
 
 Paralysis of the lower limbs indicates invasion of the lower 
 part of the spinal cord because the nerves governing them have 
 their origin there; paralysis of the hands and arms indicates 
 invasion of the cervical portion (that portion situated in the neck), 
 because the nerves governing them arise there. Disease of the 
 cord may begin below and extend upward, or other parts may 
 be affected first. Chronic progressive bulbular paralysis, i. e. 
 paralysis of the muscles of the throat, tongue, lips, etc., is caused 
 by connective tissue overgrowth at the base of the brain where the 
 nerves supplying these muscles take their origin. The nerves 
 themselves are first handened by inflammatory processes, and 
 later degenerate. These changes take place gradually; so do 
 these forms of paralysis. At first only a few cells are affected, 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 27 1 
 
 but the number increases until function is lost, when the change 
 takes place more rapidly. A blood clot may plug an artery 
 supplying a group of nerve cells in the cord and cause sudden 
 or acute paralysis. Sometimes chronic inflammation of the spinal 
 cord may follow rheumatism, and produce permanent muscular 
 contractions with great deformity of joints. 
 
 These changes in the cord are responsible for most forms of 
 paralysis, and may be caused by irritation produced by alcohol, 
 the effects of indigestion, bad hygiene, constipation, syphilis, etc., 
 as already mentioned. Drinking hard cider may do the same 
 thing. Hard cider not only contains alcohol, but many acids 
 which will produce inflammation and chronic catarrh of the 
 stomach, and this means indigestion and disease. 
 
 Volumes have been written upon paralysis and nervous 
 diseases, yet the subject is not so difficult to understand. Long- 
 continued irritation from septic blood in any part of the body 
 will sooner or later produce its evil effects by interfering with 
 the central nervous system — the brain and spinal cord. Head- 
 ache is characteristic of this condition; so is neuralgia and 
 rheumatism. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Regulate the bowels, keep the skin active, give special 
 attention to nourishing food and to the digestive organs in gen- 
 eral, avoid fatigue or overwork, secure an abundance of fresh 
 air and take a reasonable amount of exercise. Internally, take 1 
 teaspoonful of Syrup of Hydriodic Acid between meals and at 
 bedtime. Do not take within two hours after a meal. If the Syrup 
 causes a catarrhal condition of the eyes, take less; if it does not, 
 the dose may be increased a little. Also take 10 grains of Salol 
 after each meal. If paralysis is due to syphilis, give treatment 
 under that disease. 
 
 B. Use the battery, one pole being placed along the spine 
 between the shoulders. The foot-plate should also be used. Mas- 
 sage is beneficial and warm clothing should always be worn. Five 
 drops of Nux Vomica should be taken three times a day before 
 meals, or take -fa of a grain of Strychnine in pill form three times 
 a day. Keep the bowels open with 1 teaspoonful of Epsom Salts 
 in a wineglass half full of warm water, taken from one to three 
 times a day. The diet should be nutritious. In severe cases, if 
 the appetite is poor, and especially if the patient is not addicted 
 to the use of stimulants, a little brandy or other liquor may be 
 given at meal time. — (67). 
 
 C. Numb Palsy. — If this condition has existed for a great 
 length of time, but little benefit can be expected from any treat- 
 ment ; but if recent, very much good will result from the follow- 
 ing treatment faithfully followed: 
 
272 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Paralytic Liniment. — 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 6 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 2 " 
 
 Laudanum i " 
 
 Oil of Lavender i " 
 
 Mix, and cork tightly. 
 
 In a recent case of paralysis let the whole extent of the numb 
 surface be thoroughly bathed and rubbed with this preparation for 
 several minutes, at least three times daily, and at the same time 
 take internally 20 drops of the same in a little sweetened water. 
 Use a large amount of friction by the hand. It is well in very 
 recent cases to keep the parts covered with flannels. This lini- 
 ment may also be used in old cases, and in many of them will 
 undoubtedly do much good. — (67). 
 
 D. Dilute Phosphoric Acid 75 drops. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Ergot 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture of Columbo 3 " 
 
 Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful at meal time and 
 bedtime — four doses a day. — (23). 
 
 E. Gentle friction by application of electricity ( Faradic 
 current). 3-grain doses of Iodide Potash four times a day — 
 before breakfast, between meals and at bedtime. — (70). 
 
 Electricity in Treating Paralysis. — Electricity is recom- 
 mended by a great many physicians. Success follows its use in 
 some cases; failure in others. This may be due somewhat to the 
 degree of confidence inspired in the patient. Many look upon 
 electricity with a great deal of confidence, and it is good sense to 
 believe that many times this confidence stimulates the belief in 
 the patient's mind that he is going to get well. This belief gives 
 energy and ambition, and every fiber becomes possessed of greater 
 possibilities. Both digestion and assimilation are thus increased, 
 respiration and circulation are stimulated, and these conditions 
 may aid materially in the absorption of a blood clot, or in check- 
 ing the inroads in a case of chronic or progressive paralysis. 
 
 Electricity and hope will never remove connective tissue 
 overgrowth, but they may aid in preventing its further develop- 
 ment and in preventing other degenerative changes: Hope and a 
 contented mind may do this through their influence over diges- 
 tion and assimilation. Hope stimulates the mind, the mind reacts 
 upon the body, the vital powers are strengthened, physical 
 force is renewed, and there results a determination which yields 
 a powerful influence in checking disease. 
 
 All are agreed that these statements are true. As evidence 
 of such agreement every doctor of experience practices these 
 principles in treating the sick. Some doctors strive purposely to 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 273 
 
 stimulate hope in the mind of their patients; others influence the 
 mind unconsciously, their presence alone producing a confidence 
 which medical appliances cannot give. 
 
 PEMPHIGUS.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 PERICARDITIS.— (See under Heart, Diseases of). 
 
 PERITONITIS. — The peritoneum is a thin membrane 
 which lines the inner wall of the abdominal cavity, is reflected 
 around the whole length of the digestive tract and forms the 
 outer coat of the bowels. Peritonitis is inflammation of the 
 peritoneum. It may be acute or chronic, local or general. In the 
 acute form there is fever, intense pain, vomiting and hiccough. 
 
 Causes. — Peritonitis may be caused by hernia, either internal 
 or external, where there is a good deal of pressure. It may be 
 caused by external injury, such as blows over the abdomen, or 
 by perforating wounds into or through the abdominal cavity. 
 There is always local peritonitis accompanying appendicitis, and 
 by extension this may become general. It may result from 
 inflammation of other organs, such as the ovaries, or the uterus 
 in puerperal fever, or blood poisoning following labor. It may 
 result from erysipelas, from ulceration of the bowels, from typhoid 
 fever, from the rupture of an abscess into the abdominal cavity, 
 or may follow operations upon any of the organs contained in 
 the abdominal cavity. Peritonitis is also said to be caused by 
 taking cold, where the blood is unhealthy and irritating and 
 where the internal organs become highly congested. Tubercular 
 Peritonitis is a chronic form. 
 
 Symptoms.— In the acute form the disease begins suddenly — 
 usually with a chill. There is a quick rise in temperature, and 
 the pulse is rapid — may reach as high as 140 or 150 beats per 
 minute, and even more. The pain is severe, and the surface of 
 the abdomen soon becomes extremely sensitive to the touch. It 
 also becomes greatly enlarged and its muscles become rigid. 
 The patient usually lies with the knees drawn up as this relaxes 
 the muscles and lessens the pain. There is loss of appetite, 
 nausea, perhaps vomiting, and hiccough usually accompanies this 
 disease. In a severe case, the temperature, at first high, reaching 
 perhaps 103 or 104, may soon become subnormal, the surface of 
 the body cold, the pulse rapid and weak, and the features 
 "pinched," the patient's face wearing an anxious expression. 
 Where there is great distension of the abdominal cavity, the 
 lungs, liver and heart are crowded upon more or less, and as a 
 result the breathing may become rapid. There may be a slight 
 cough. In peritonitis resulting from the rupture of an abscess 
 into the abdominal cavity, there is usually, but not always, 
 
 18 
 
274 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 sudden and terrific pain, weak, rapid pulse, subnormal tempera- 
 ture, great loss of the vital forces, collapse and rapid death. We 
 have witnessed but one case of this kind where there was abso- 
 lutely no pain; the other symptoms were as given. In peritonitis 
 from the rupture of an abscess the patient usually lives only 
 from 15 to 24 hours, unless relieved by opening the abdominal 
 cavity and thoroughly flushing with sterilized water. Even with 
 this treatment recovery is doubtful. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Send for the doctor. In 
 peritonitis constipation is the rule, so while waiting for the 
 doctor, empty the lower bowel with injections. For this purpose 
 a quart of hot water made slippery with soap may be used, or a 
 more effective injection is made as follows: Take the yolks of 
 two eggs and a tablespoonful of turpentine, beat together thor- 
 oughly and put into a quart of hot water. After the bowel is 
 emptied it will be well to bathe the feet in hot water, wipe dry, and 
 get the patient to bed. Put hot applications across him, covering 
 the whole addomen. Give warm drinks, such as Mint tea, tea 
 of Virginia Snakeroot, White Root tea or something of the kind, 
 to get him to sweating freely. If the pain is extremely severe, 
 and especially if the doctor is at some distance, he may be given, 
 if an adult, from 10 to 15 drops of laudanum. 
 
 A. Commence treatment by giving active cathartics — Salts 
 in some form are best for this purpose because they attract large 
 quantities of water and thus drain the congested and inflamed 
 vessels. This is the first step towards relieving the inflammation. 
 To aid or hasten the laxative remedies, rectal injections 
 should be given once an hour until the bowels act thoroughly. 
 After this the injections may or may not be necessary. Salts in 
 some form should be given often enough to secure at least one 
 or two movements a day. Seidlitz Salts are equally as valuable 
 as the Rochelle or Epso*n Salts, and are free from the disgust- 
 ing taste produced by the latter; in fact, if a little sugar is added 
 to a dose of Seidlitz Salts in half a glass of water, it tastes as 
 pleasant as lemonade. 
 
 Also -j-^o of a grain of Atropine in pill or tablet form may be 
 given every two hours. This does not aid in elimination, but it 
 aids in bringing the blood to the surface and in relieving the 
 internal organs. It also stimulates both the heart action and 
 respiration, hence is one of the best remedies to prevent ex- 
 haustion and collapse, which is liable to follow. The Atropine 
 may be given often enough and long enough to keep the patient's 
 color normal. If the amount recommended does not keep the 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 275 
 
 face flushed, give every hour or oftener for a few doses; if the 
 pupil of the eye dilates, lessen the dose, giving once in four 
 hours. 
 
 To aid in controlling pain, hot cloths should be kept across 
 the abdomen; cloths wet in hot water are best because moist 
 heat can be applied at a higher temperature than dry heat. It 
 will be necessary to change these every few minutes in order to 
 keep the surface hot. 
 
 If there is vomiting, put a large Mustard plaster over the 
 stomach and give small quantities of milk and lime water, equal 
 parts. Only liquid food should be given, but this should be 
 given often. 
 
 Absolute quiet should be maintained, as any excitement, or 
 in severe cases the slightest jar, increases the pain and distress. 
 
 If the inflammation is not broken up, but becomes general, 
 the pain will be so great that the treatment described may not 
 control it, and it may be found necessary to give Opium in some 
 form. Both Opium and Morphine are constipating, therefore 
 the use of either will necessitate an increase in the amount of 
 Salts used. 
 
 When peritonitis results from a perforating wound, or from 
 the rupture of an abscess, an operation is necessary: If a wound, 
 repair the damage; if an abscess, open and flush out the cavity 
 with a large quantity of pure water. 
 
 PERNICIOUS FEVER.-(See under Malarial Fevers) . 
 
 PHTHISIS.— (See Tuberculosis). 
 
 PILES. — (See under Anus, Diseases of). 
 
 PIMPLES.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 PLEURISY— PLEURITIS.— Pleurisy is an inflammation 
 of the pleura. The pleura is a very thin and delicate membrane 
 which encloses the lungs. A little above and behind the center 
 of each lung is the point where these organs are connected to the 
 heart. At this point also the trachea, or wind -pipe, with its 
 various branches, enters the lungs. The lungs are connected 
 with the heart by means of the pulmonary artery, which leaves 
 the right side of the heart, and the pulmonary vein, which enters 
 the left side of the heart. When the pulmonary artery enters 
 the lungs, it divides into many minute branches, which surround 
 the air cells. These branches again unite to form the pulmonary 
 vein. The artery is for the purpose of carrying the venous 
 blood into the lungs for oxidization, and the vein returns the 
 blood purified and ready to be sent out into the general 
 
276 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 circulation. A collection of nerve fibers which supply the 
 heart — branches of what are called the tenth cranial nerves— is 
 also situated at the point indicated; also the ten or twelve glands 
 into which the lymph vessels of the lungs terminate. All of the 
 structures mentioned are supported by a framework of connective 
 tissue, and together are called the roots of the lungs. The pleura, 
 after enclosing each lung up to and including the "roots," is 
 reflected over the inner wall or surface of the chest cavity and 
 forms a complete lining; thus there are two layers of the pleura: 
 That enclosing the lungs is called the visceral layer, and that 
 lining the chest cavity is called the parietal layer. The space 
 between these two layers is called the plural cavity. There is no 
 real cavity, however, as the two layers are in close contact. If 
 the lung should become collapsed as a result of disease, a cavity 
 would exist. That part of the pleura which surrounds the right 
 lung, and that which surrounds the left lung, are entirely sep- 
 arate ; there is no communication between them. In health the 
 adjoining surfaces of the portion enclosing the lungs and that 
 lining the chest cavity are smooth and glistening, and supplied 
 with a serous fluid which prevents friction. The membrane in 
 closed cavities, like the chest and abdominal cavity, is sometimes 
 called serous membrane, hence the term, serous fluid. As stated 
 above, pleurisy is inflammation of the pleura, Localized pleurisy 
 often exists with pneumonia, although it may exist without 
 pneumonia. Pleurisy may be acute or chronic. 
 
 Cha?iges Occurring in Pleurisy. — During the progress of the 
 disease certain changes take place. These changes cannot be 
 noticed by the observer, hence are not given under symptoms ; 
 yet they are of importance in conveying a more thorough and 
 practical understanding of the disease. 
 
 First, the vessels supplying the pleura become congested, 
 and this is followed by inflammation and an increased exudate of 
 the serous fluid mentioned. When the exudate is slight, the 
 pleura loses its glossy appearance, and the exudate which col- 
 lects on the surface resembles a false membrane. This is called 
 Dry Pleurisy. Adhesions of the two layers of the pleura, that 
 which surrounds the lungs and that which lines the chest cavity, 
 are apt to take place at one or more points. Sometimes there is a 
 large amount of the fluid exudate. This compresses the lung 
 and leaves a space between it and the chest wall. This space is 
 filled or partially filled with the fluid. When the patient stands 
 or sits upright, the fluid forms at the bottom and extends 
 upward, the height depending upon the amount. The fluid causes 
 a bulging of the chest wall at the point where it occurs. This 
 bulging or fullness is plainly noticeable. When the patient lies 
 down, the fluid extends to a higher point, and causes bulging on 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 277 
 
 the side in which it may occur. This fluid may be absorbed or 
 partially absorbed, and the diseased area become organized; that 
 is, fibrous bands are sent through the diseased part as a result of 
 new tissue growth. In this case adhesions would form between 
 the membrane which surrounds the lung and that lining the chest 
 cavity. Such adhesions are permanent. Later, however, as a 
 result of constant motion, the result of respiration and other 
 exercise, the two surfaces may be more or less separated, leaving 
 one or more fibrous bands to indicate the point of attachment. 
 Such bands are not apt to cause any inconvenience. In all forms 
 of pleurisy the membrane is apt to remain more or less thick- 
 ened. Where fluid collects as a result of pleurisy, it is called 
 Pleurisy with Effusion. Sometimes the fluid exudate contains pus, 
 or is converted into pus. This is called Empyema. 
 
 Cause. — Acute pleurisy may result from a broken rib, wounds 
 which penetrate the chest cavity, or from pneumonia. It may 
 follow the infectious diseases, or it may be caused by extension 
 of pericarditis — inflammation of the membrane which enclosed 
 the heart — or may be caused by irritants resulting from unhealthy 
 blood, the same as that which sometimes causes acute inflamma- 
 tory rheumatism. 
 
 Symptoms— There may or may not be a chill or sense of 
 chilliness. There is sharp pain, usually at or near the nipple of 
 the affected side. There is a short, dry cough, which produces 
 pain, therefore the patient coughs as little as possible. Respira- 
 tion is rapid and short because breathing also increases the pain. 
 The disease is outside the lung, hence there is no increase in the 
 expectoration. There is moderate fever. The pain is caused by 
 the rasping together of the two roughened surfaces of the pleura. 
 As soon as effusion takes place (see Changes Occurring in 
 Pleurisy), the pain ceases because the surfaces are separated. 
 At first the patient lies on the sound side, because this allows the 
 lung to drop away from the chest wall and relieve the pressure 
 on the affected side; after the effusion he lies on the affected side, 
 because the fluid prevents friction and this position gives him a 
 better chance to exercise the sound lung. The disease usually 
 occurs only on one side. If on the left side, the effusion crowds 
 the heart toward the right; if on the right side, it crowds the 
 heart toward the left. In either case the heart action becomes 
 embarrassed as it is more difficult for the organ to expand and 
 contract. With the absorption of the fluid the patient gradually 
 enters the convalescent state. Where absorption takes place, the 
 disease lasts from eight to twelve days; where pus forms, the 
 disease is prolonged. The pus may break into the lungs and be 
 expectorated, may break externally like any abscess, or may 
 remain in the pleural cavity. In health if the ear is placed 
 
2 yS FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 against the chest, breathing sounds can be plainly heard, because 
 the lungs, or the pleura which surrounds them, is in direct 
 contact with the chest wall, and with each respiration the pleura 
 moves with a gliding motion over the inner surface of the chest 
 cavity; but where either fluid or pus is present, such sounds 
 cannot be detected over the area of effusion because the fluid or 
 pus causes a separation of the affected portion of the lung. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Put the patient to bed 
 and apply external heat. Give hot drinks and produce profuse 
 perspiration. Give a large dose of Castor Oil, or other active 
 cathartic. Place a large Mustard plaster over the affected side 
 to act as a counter-irritant. Aconite and Veratrum are more or 
 less common household remedies, and if at hand, give either the 
 Tincture of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum in i- or 2 -drop 
 doses every hour to aid in producing sweating. This treatment 
 tends to cause active elimination both by the bowels and skin, 
 and equalizes the circulation, thus relieving the congested and 
 inflamed part. 
 
 To relieve the pain, some recommend a broad bandage to be 
 bound tightly around the chest wall, as this lessens the lung 
 action and relieves irritation. We think a better way is to take 
 strips of adhesive plaster, about two inches wide and long enough 
 to go a little more than half way around the body. Commence 
 at the bottom of the lung on the affected side. Have the patient 
 exhale all the air he can, and then quickly apply several strips 
 of the adhesive plaster, each one drawn tightly and overlapping 
 the one below. Repeat this until the side is firmly strapped up 
 to and a little above the affected point. This will better control 
 the action of the affected lung and leave the sound lung free. 
 
 In all forms of Pleurisy good ventilation should be secured, 
 also good hygienic surroundings and the most nourishing food. 
 
 The foregoing treatment thoroughly applied will control 
 many cases of pleurisy. If the case does not respond to treat- 
 ment, a doctor should be called. While the reader will not be 
 able to apply the treatment given by the physician, such treat- 
 ment is presented here with a view of giving a clear understanding 
 of the case. 
 
 A. Pilocarpine is recommended by some and may be given to 
 the strong and robust. It is one of the most active remedies to 
 eliminate by the skin. One-fourth grain may be given with a 
 hypodermic needle, the dose to be repeated in one hour if free 
 perspiration has not been obtained. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 279 
 
 When the fluid causes pressure upon the heart, its action 
 may become weakened. In such case some heart stimulant 
 should be given. One- twentieth of a grain of Strychnine in pill 
 or tablet form may be given every three hours, if needed; or 2 
 drops of Fluid Extract of Digitalis. 
 
 If fluid forms and is not absorbed, it should be removed by 
 an aspirating needle. This is simply a long, hollow needle, 
 which is plunged through the chest walls between the fifth and 
 eighth ribs. To insure more rapid and complete absorption, the 
 Iodides should be given — 1 teaspoonful of the Syrup of Hydri- 
 odic Acid between meals and at bedtime; or, if the patient is pale 
 and anaemic, give Iodide of Iron — ^ of a grain between meals 
 and at bedtime. 
 
 Whenever pus forms it should be removed at once. Where 
 pus is present it is often necessary to make an opening through 
 the chest wall with a knife to allow free evacuation of the pus. 
 If the pus is fetid or foul smelling, the cavity should be washed 
 out with some disinfectant solution. Peroxide of Hydrogen, or 
 a weak solution of Carbolic Acid, or a solution of Boric Acid 
 should be used, and afterwards the cavity washed out with 
 pure water. If pus forms, the discharge is apt to continue for 
 some time, hence free drainage is necessary. If the disease con- 
 tinues long, tonics are needed. 
 
 CHRONIC PLEURISY.— Chronic Pleurisy may result 
 from tumor growth in the chest cavity, from tuberculosis of the 
 lungs on other part of the body, from Bright' s disease, or from 
 the prolonged use of alcohol. If pus forms in Chronic Pleuiisy, 
 the treatment is the same as that already mentioned. 
 
 PLEURO-PNEUMONIA.— (See Pneumonia). 
 
 PNEUMONIA.— (See under Lungs, Diseases of). 
 
 POLYPUS. — A polypus is a small tumor with a narrow 
 base which springs from mucous membrane. There is distension 
 of some part of the membrane, and the distended portion is filled 
 with a soft, gelatinous growth. Polypus is most frequently 
 present in the nose. It is said to occur in the middle and exter- 
 nal ear, but its presence there is not often met. Occurring in 
 the nose it is not painful, and unless accidentally discovered the 
 growth will escape notice until its size produces mechanical 
 obstruction. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of polypus, when occurring in the nose, 
 is chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal 
 cavities — the condition known as catarrh. Undoubtedly the con- 
 dition is often largely influenced by septic or unhealthy blood. 
 
2 8o FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The exciting cause may be colds or damp air. Following con- 
 gestion and inflammation, there is first a thickening of the 
 mucous membrane. Frequent and energetic blowing of the nose 
 has a tendency to cause the membrane to bulge forward at some 
 point where it is weakest, and that is why polypus most fre- 
 quently occurs in the nasal cavities. The mucous membrane 
 becomes separated from the tissues beneath and the space is filled 
 with exudate from the distended vessels. The nourishment from 
 such exudate is poor, and while Nature tries to supply the cavity 
 with new tissue, in most cases it succeeds but partially, and the 
 result is a soft, gelatinous formation. After the membrane 
 becomes separated from its normal position, the distension con- 
 tinues at its distil or outer portion, while the point of original 
 separation remains and forms what is called the pedicle. The 
 shape of a polypus conforms to the shape of the cavity in which 
 it occurs. Occasionally the polypus is of firmer growth — firmer 
 than the variety mentioned here. It may contain considerable 
 connective tissue and blood vessels. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Removal, either with caustics or a knife applied to the base; 
 or, what is usually more convenient is a loop of wire worked up 
 over the growth to the base, or point of attachment. By tight- 
 ening the loop after it is in position the growth is easily severed. 
 
 PRICKLY HEAT.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 
 PROLAPSUS ANL— -(See under Anus, Diseases of). 
 
 PROLAPSUS UTERI. — (See under Women's 
 Diseases) . 
 
 PROSTATE GLAND, ENLARGEMENT OF.— The 
 
 prostate is a gland consisting of two large lobes and one small 
 one. At its greatest diameter it is about i% inches wide, 
 about i inch long and ^ of an inch thick. Its weight is 
 about five drachms. It is situated beneath and partly surrounds 
 the neck of the bladder. It is composed of connective tissue 
 and muscle fibers, and contains numerous small glands with 
 excretory ducts. Its under surface is in connection with 
 the rectum. Its use is not known. In many cases in middle 
 and advanced life this gland becomes very troublesome by reason 
 of its enlargement. The enlargement is called Hypertrophy of 
 the Prostate. The trouble is caused by the pressure of the gland 
 upon the neck of the bladder — the commencement of the urethra. 
 As the gland enlarges it presses upward and raises the neck of 
 the bladder, forming a sack of greater or less dimensions and 
 resulting in retention of urine. The pressure causes frequent 
 
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 s* 
 
 1 1 
 
 7f 1 
 
 i m 
 
 *£$&■-•> ■ 
 
 
 ML 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 i, Arteries supplying Neck and Brain. 2, Large Artery arising from 
 Heart (which is removed). 3, Nerves. 4, Bronchial Tubes (cut off). 
 5, Left Kidney. 6, Left Ureter. 7, Bladder 8, Left Lung. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 281 
 
 desire to urinate, and at the same time the bladder is not entirely 
 emptied. The bladder enlarges in proportion to the amount of 
 urine retained. In some eases the opening may be so firmly 
 closed as to cause great distension and agonizing pain. This can 
 be relieved only by artificial means. The effects of the dilated 
 bladder may travel up the ureter and check the flow of urine 
 from the kidneys, causing great enlargement of these organs 
 also (seldom). 
 
 Symptoms. — In eighty per cent of such cases the symptoms 
 are very light and there is no serious enlargement. In the 
 severer forms there is frequent desire to urinate, and with the 
 amount of urine retained in the bladder it may cause inflamma- 
 tion. Acute inflammation does not often occur; however, the 
 walls of the bladder may become very much thickened, and the 
 bladder itself permanently distended. Where inflammation 
 occurs and is severe, the urine will contain blood and thick ropy 
 mucus, giving it a dark and cloudy appearance. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. One important feature is to remain quiet. The act of 
 walking is especially irritating to the gland and increases its size, 
 and also irritates the bladder. Avoid extremes of heat and cold. 
 Avoid alcohol. Give particular attention to digestion and to the 
 condition of the bowels. If there is inflammation of the bladder, 
 give Salicylate of Soda — 10-grain doses every three hours — or 
 Salol, 10 grains every three hours. If there is much difficulty in 
 urination, it will be necessary to use a catheter. The patient 
 should be taught how to use it, for with this means of security 
 relief can be had at any time he is unable to urinate naturally; 
 otherwise the bladder might become greatly distended before a 
 doctor could be reached, and such distension would be followed 
 by excruciating pain. 
 
 B. Saw Palmetto. Take in teaspoonful doses after meals 
 and at bedtime — four doses a day. — (57). 
 
 C. Fluid Extract of Saw Palmetto — one teaspoonful three 
 times a day. — (41). 
 
 PUERPERAL FEVER. — (See under Women's 
 Diseases). 
 
 PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS.— (See under 
 
 Women's Diseases). 
 
 PUTRID SORE THROAT.— This means Diphtheria. 
 (See Diphtheria). 
 
282 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 PUSTULE, MALIGNANT.— This disease affects animals, 
 and is sometimes communicated to man. In cattle it is often 
 called Black Leg, because the swelling is so great and the circula- 
 tion is interfered with to such an extent that the tissues become 
 dark. It is very fatal. In man it resembles carbuncle, but is 
 much more severe, and is called Malignant Pustule, Anthrax or 
 Wool Sorter 's Disease. The last name is given because those who 
 handle wool, hides, etc., are more liable to take the disease. It is 
 contagious, and the poison which inhabits the hides and wool may- 
 be conveyed to those who are engaged in this work. It affects 
 the skin and deeper structures in the form of a gangrenous 
 inflammation. First there appears a small swelling, which rapidly 
 increases in size, turns dark in color and becomes gangrenous. 
 If continued, there soon appears a fetid discharge of blood and 
 pus. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is a specific poison or virus. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are swelling, pain, bronchitis 
 and diarrhea, followed rapidly by a diffused gangrene. The 
 tissues which surround the diseased area are greatly swollen, and 
 the gases formed by the rapid decomposition of tissue produce a 
 crackling sound. The tissues immediately joining the pustule 
 contain vesicles filled with a bloody fluid. Constitutional symp- 
 toms are present, the same as in blood poisoning. Death usually 
 follows in a few days. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Make as thorough and complete an excision as possible — 
 cut out all the dead and diseased tissue that can be reached— and 
 use antiseptics freely. Keep the bowels and skin active with a 
 view to relieving the system of the poisons. Stimulants are 
 also needed. The general treatment is the same as that required 
 in blood poisoning. 
 
 Note. — When the pustule occurs on a limb, amputation is sometimes 
 advised. 
 
 B. For local treatment make a free incision and follow with 
 an injection of pure Peroxide of Hydrogen. 
 
 For general treatment, the following : Take twice a day — 
 night and morning — 2 drops of Carbolic Acid well mixed in a 
 teaspoonful of Simple Syrup. The strength should be sustained 
 by Iron and Wine, or other alcoholic beverage. The diet should 
 be nutritious and easily digested. 
 
 C. Free incision, followed by moist or wet dressings of Cor- 
 rosive Sublimate — 4 grains of the Sublimate to 8 ounces of water 
 — frequently changed. — (3 1 ) . 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 283 
 
 D. First make a free incision, then introduce the point of a 
 small syringe and inject into the wound Carbolic Acid diluted 
 with three times its amount of water. The wound should then 
 be syringed out with pure water. — (24). 
 
 QUINSY.— (See Tonsiwtis) . 
 
 RABIES. — This means Hydrophobia. ( See Hydropho- 
 bia). 
 
 RELAPSING FEVER.— (See under Malarial Fevers) . 
 
 REMITTENT FEVER. — (See under Malarial 
 Fevers). 
 
 RHEUM AT ISM, MUSCULA R.— Rheumatism is a 
 painful condition of the muscles and joints. The muscles are 
 affected most because they are subjected to greater strain, in 
 fact, it is the muscles that move the joints. When the muscles 
 are affected, it is called Muscular Rheumatism. The muscles that 
 are used most are affected most. 
 
 Lumbag'O. — First come the muscles in the "small of the 
 back," because this part or point acts as a hinge or pivot upon 
 which the body rotates and bends. This is the part from which 
 the body is supported, hence there is greater strain, and this 
 increases the irritation and pain. What is called the loins extend 
 from the lower ribs to the hips along either side of the spinal 
 column. When rheumatism affects these parts it is called 
 Lumbago; in other words, lumbago is rheumatism in the small of 
 the back. 
 
 The next most frequent location is in those muscles support- 
 ing the most active joints, or in any muscles doing the most 
 work. 
 
 While it is customary to speak of muscular rheumatism as 
 we have done, it is not correct. The same general condition that 
 produces neuralgia and other pains is the cause of rheumatism. 
 If the reader should examine the fibers of an affected muscle 
 under the microscope, such fibers would appear normal. There 
 would be no evidence of inflammation or other trouble, showing 
 clearly that the disease was in the nerve fibers and not in the 
 muscle fibers. (See Neuralgia). 
 
 Cause. — The first cause of rheumatism is indigestion and 
 constipation, followed by too much acid in the circulation. 
 
 It has been stated elsewhere that the higher forms of diges- 
 tion are carried on in the circulation. Certain food elements 
 produce uric acid, and this acid, meeting the oxygen from the 
 air we breathe, is converted into urea and eliminated by the 
 
284 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 kidneys; but as a result of overeating, too much hard work, lack 
 of exercise, or some other cause, the change mentioned does not 
 take place and the uric acid remains an irritating substance. 
 L,actic acid is believed to be the product of muscle tissue. In 
 health this acid is also oxidized and converted into carbonic acid 
 gas and water. The carbonic acid is eliminated by the lungs, 
 and the water by the kidneys, but indigestion lessens oxidiza- 
 tion, and the lactic acid also remains and accumulates in the 
 circulation. The delicate nerve fibers and other tissues being 
 constantly bathed with these acids, become irritated, and irrita- 
 tion increases until actual pain exists. As evidence of the truth 
 of this statement, we have but to remember that during an attack 
 of rheumatism, perspiration, which is normally alkaline, is now 
 highly acid. This is the cause of rheumatism, whether it affects 
 the joints or muscles, or whether it is local or general, and 
 this is why the alkaline treatment for rheumatism is so beneficial. 
 It neutralizes the excess of acid, which relieves the irritation, and 
 if there is inflammation present it gradually subsides. 
 
 Symptom:. — The symptoms of a mild attack or form of 
 rheumatism are stiffness, soreness and more or less pain. When 
 remaining too long in one position, the individual upon attempt- 
 ing to stand upright or move about actively finds it difficult at 
 first. In a short time, however, the trouble passes away more 
 or less so that free motion is established and maintained as long 
 as the activity is kept up, because such activity tends to equalize 
 the circulation and thus relieve the affected parts. When 
 rheumatism occurs in a severer form, the stiffness and soreness 
 increase to actual pain, and the affected muscles may become so 
 painful that it will be found impossible to exercise them. Those 
 troubled with rheumatism give a history of constipation. In the 
 form of rheumatism here mentioned there is no fever. 
 
 Sometimes the pain is sudden, sharp and piercing, and for a 
 few hours or a day the individual is unable to move the affected 
 muscle or muscles. This usually occurs in the side or back, and 
 is called a ' 'stitch. ' ' 
 
 Rheumatism in the muscles of the neck often causes the 
 head to lean toward the affected side, as this relaxes tension and 
 lessens the pain. This is called Torticollis ', or Wry Neck. 
 
 When one has rheumatism as a result of "taking cold," it 
 simply means that the cold lessens peripheral (near the surface) 
 circulation, hence too much blood is retained in the internal 
 organs, in the muscles and around the joints; and this sudden 
 increase of blood so highly charged with these acids, acting as an 
 irritant, results in pain more or less acute. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 285 
 
 Treatments. — Muscular Rheumatism — Lumbago. 
 
 A. Use Smart weed tea locally. 
 
 Internally take a 5-grain tablet of Salicylate of Soda every 
 hour until the ears ring; then the same dose every four hours 
 until relieved. — (57). 
 
 B. Bat sparingly of meats. Keep the bowels active. Take 
 one of the kidney cures given in the Miscellaneous Medical 
 Receipts, or take 20 grains of Salicylate of Soda every four 
 hours, either in tablet or solution. 
 
 C. Green Tincture of Rhus Toxicodendron — % of a drop 
 four times a day. — (37) — Homeopathic. 
 
 D. Make 10 capsules, each containing: 
 
 Antikamnia 3 grains. 
 
 Codeine % " 
 
 Salol 10 " 
 
 Take 1 every six or eight hours. — (47). 
 
 E. Continuous heat should be applied, either in dry form by 
 the means of warm flannels, or by soft, warm Iyinseed poultices. 
 Take a hot bath every night before retiring. Persons who are 
 subject to this disease should wear warm clothing, avoid draughts 
 and guard against strains or heavy lifting. Cases often receive 
 benefit from visits to some of the natural mineral springs. 
 
 F. Moderate doses — 3 to 7 grains — of Acetanilid every six 
 hours to persons of a sound heart, aided by external applications 
 of heat. 
 
 Salicylate of Soda in 20- grain doses three times a day, taken 
 in full glass of water, is often effective. — (31). 
 
 G. Baking Soda — j4 teaspoonful every four hours. Rest in 
 
 the recumbent position. Very light diet. — (35). 
 
 H. Oil of Wintergreen jounce. 
 
 Sweet Spirits of Nitre 2 " 
 
 Mix y and take 1 teaspoonful every three 
 hours in %. glass of water. — (25). 
 
 I. Heat and counter-irritants. — (33). 
 
 J. Five grains of Muriate of Ammonia every two 
 hours, dissolved in a wineglassful of water, 
 
 or, 
 Five drops Fluid Extract of Cimicifuga (Black 
 Cohosh) in a glass of water. One teaspoon- 
 ful every hour. — (41 ). 
 
 K. Phenacetine 16 grains. 
 
 Caffeine 3 " 
 
 Give dry on tongue. Put patient to bed. 
 Apply heat, followed for several days with 
 Wyeth's Salicylatis, one teaspoonful every four 
 hours, or Potassium and Iyithium tablets, 10 
 grains every two hours.. — (26). 
 
286 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 L. Iodide of Potash 2 drachms. 
 
 Elixir Salicylic Compound 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful between meals and at 
 bedtime. — (28). 
 M. Citrate of Potash, 60 grains (teaspoonful) a day 
 in lemonade, 
 
 or, 
 Baking Soda, 100 grains a day. 
 
 Blister plasters shorten the attack. — (24). 
 N. Give, either in solution or pill form, Cimicifuga 
 (Black Cohosh) or Colchicine, the third dilu- 
 tion. — (56) — Homeopathic. 
 
 O. Take hot baths with 2 or 3 pounds of washing 
 Soda dissolved in each bath. — (32). 
 
 P. Salicylate of Soda, 20 grains in capsules No. 8. One 
 every four hours, 
 
 or, 
 
 Tongaline liquid, 5 ounces. Teaspoonful in hot water three 
 or four times a day. — (20). 
 
 Q. 20 drops Oil of Wintergreen every four hours, 
 
 or 
 
 Acetanilid 5 grains. 
 
 Caffeine Citrate 1 
 
 Dose to be repeated every three hours.— (41 ) . 
 
 R. Sulphur 1 ounce. 
 
 Saltpetre y z " 
 
 Gum Guiac % " 
 
 Colchicum root (or seed) % " 
 
 Nutmegs % " 
 
 Pulverize and mix with 2 ounces of Simple 
 Syrup or molasses. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours 
 until the bowels move rather freely; then three 
 or four times daily. — (73). 
 
 Concerning the Remedies Recommended Above. — It 
 
 will be noticed that nearly all of the foregoing remedies contain 
 Salicylic Acid. Both Salol and Oil of Wintergreen contain a large 
 percentage of Salicylic Acid. Elixir of Salicylic Compound, 
 Tongaline and Wy elk's Salicylates also contain Salicylic Acid, 
 hence there is no difference in these remedies except the 
 variation in the amount of Acid. Baking Soda> Citrate of Potash 
 and Mu?iate of Ammonia contain no Salicylic Acid, therefore 
 they are less valuable; yet they neutralize the excess of acid in 
 the circulation and in the tissues, and in this way lessen the 
 irritation and aid the patient in recovery. Colchicine contains no 
 Salicylic Acid, yet it increases the eliminations of all of the 
 tissues of the body and of the digestive tract, hence is valuable 
 in freeing the system of all irritating material, and is especially 
 recommended for those who are fleshy and those who take but 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 287 
 
 little exercise. In this class of cases it is a valuable remedy to 
 give in combination with the Salicylates. Acetanilid contains 
 no Salicylic Acid, but it possesses antiseptic properties and also 
 has a tendency to lessen the pain, therefore aids in controlling 
 the disease. Citrate of Caffeine is a heart stimulant. In many 
 cases this might be valuable in increasing the force of the circu- 
 lation and aiding in giving physical power. Spirits of Nitre 
 increases the activity of the kidneys, and therefore aids materially 
 in eliminating the waste and irritating matter which cause the 
 disease. Hot Baths are valuable because they aid in elimination. 
 Sulphur aids in elimination both by the skin and bowels. The 
 action of Saltpetre is the same as Spirits of Nitre. Salicylic Acid 
 is somewhat irritating, if taken clear, hence the various forms 
 of combination. Salicylic Acid is generally recognized to be 
 more valuable than any other known remedy in the treatment of 
 rheumatism, either acute or chronic, and, speaking from our own 
 personal experience, we can heartily recommend this claim. 
 Whenever the ears sing, take less — perhaps only half the amount. 
 
 RHEUMATISM, ACUTE ARTICULAR— INFLAM- 
 MATORY RHEUMATISM OF JOINTS. — Rheumatism 
 of the joints differs from muscular rheumatism. It is an acute 
 form and very painful. Bvery joint is held in position by liga- 
 ments, and the joints, including the ligaments, are enclosed in 
 a thin membrane in the form of a short, wide tube. The mem- 
 brane is attached at either end to the margin of the articular 
 surfaces of the bones forming the joint (see description of 
 Joints). In acute rheumatism of a joint the irritation increases 
 the blood supply, and there is swelling and redness in proportion 
 to the increase in the circulation. The more vascular the part, 
 i. e., the more blood vessels it contains, the greater the swelling. 
 The swelling causes pressure and the pressure causes pain. 
 With the increase in blood supply, there is an increase in tissue 
 change, hence the increase in the temperature, because animal 
 heat depends upon tissue change. This gives what are called 
 the four cardinal symptoms of inflammation — swelling, redness, 
 heat and pain. 
 
 Cause. — The underlying cause is the same as that which 
 produces muscular rheumatism. The exciting or immediate 
 cause may be too much hard work, may be injury, slight or 
 severe, or may result from atmospheric changes — damp air or 
 rainy weather. In any case the result is the same, i. e. } too 
 much blood is directed to the affected part, and blood so highly 
 charged with acids and other irritants causes congestion and 
 inflammation. 
 
288 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain and soreness, which increase rapidly and 
 soon result in inflammation and swelling. The temperature is 
 high, the pulse is rapid, the perspiration is highly acid and its odor 
 is sour; even the saliva is highly acid. The urine is scanty and 
 high-colored, and may contain albumen. The surface over the 
 affected joint is hot, and the normal color of the skin is more or 
 less reddened. As the disease increases, the slightest movement 
 causes excruciating pain. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The inflammation and sensitiveness first occur in the mem- 
 brane which surrounds the joint, and the inflammatory process 
 extends toward the surface. The joint structures proper are not 
 affected at the beginning of the attack, and it follows that if the 
 disease can be checked, the joint will escape uninjured. Consti- 
 pation usually exists; whether this is the case or not, give an 
 active cathartic. 
 
 The patient should be put to bed and absolute quiet main- 
 tained. Place a rubber blanket under the affected joint, allowing 
 it to hang over the side of the bed and into a pail or pan — some- 
 thing large enough to hold considerable water. Now secure a 
 piece of flannel large enough to wrap the whole joint and so that 
 the border will extend for some little distance above and below, 
 and wet this in cold water — the colder the better. Wrap the 
 wet flannel carefully, yet firmly, about the affected surface, and 
 continue the cold by pouring cold water upon the bandage every 
 twenty minutes, day and night. The water will drain into the 
 pail or pan. 
 
 As soon as there is thorough action of the bowels, give 10 
 grains of Salicylate of Soc 1 . every two hours until the ears sing, 
 then every four hours. The patient should also diet two or 
 three days — going without all food for twenty- four hours is still 
 better. This treatment, thoroughly applied, will arrest the 
 disease in nearly every case. If the patient is very fleshy, y^g- 
 of a grain of Colchicine might with advantage be added to each 
 dose of the Salicylate of Soda. 
 
 RHEUMATISM, CHRONIC— Chronic Rheumatism of 
 the joints does not usually follow the acute, but rises insidiously 
 in people who have suffered from exposure, improper food, 
 overwork and other hardships. In chronic inflammation the 
 cartilages covering the articular or adjoining ends of bones may 
 become destroyed and the exposed bones become irregularly thick- 
 ened; also the capsule or membrane enclosing the joint and the 
 ligaments which support it, may become fibrous and contract. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS, 289 
 
 The prolonged irritation causes a low form of inflamma- 
 tion, and the same change takes place here as elsewhere. There 
 is an increase in the connective tissue framework. I^ater this 
 contracts, deforms the joints and limits motion. The contracting 
 fibers cause pressure, aiding in the destruction of cartilage, 
 ligament and other normal tissue; and sometimes during these 
 degenerative changes the ligaments which support the joint 
 soften, allowing certain muscles which are attached near the 
 joint to contract, thus causing deformity. Sometimes tendons 
 and ligaments about joints become filled with the lime salts of 
 which bone is formed; this results in a stiff joint. Pus does 
 not form. 
 
 In some cases the joint structures are not destroyed. The 
 joint remains slightly swollen, is more or less stiffened, and the 
 muscles which surround it are more or less shrunken and wasted; 
 but there is no fever and no discoloration. If the joint is movable, 
 such movement gives a creaking sound, and the tendons and 
 ligaments of the joint produce crepitation (crackling) in the 
 sheath or membrane which surrounds them. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The best treatment for chronic rheumatism of joints is 
 hot air. A temperature of 300 or 500 degrees may be applied. 
 Hot air dilates the small vessels and brings the blood to the 
 surface where it is applied, and thus relieves the congestion 
 and inflammation beneath. This causes the blood to flow 
 through the part, relieves the pressure and stops the pain. 
 Adhesion and accumulation are also broken down and removed, 
 thus preventing stiff joints. There is an active discharge through 
 the skin, and the removal of waste relieves the irritated nerves. 
 The improvement in the circulation stimulates the natural 
 activity, nutrition is increased, the heart is strengthened and 
 the brain relieved. Massage is also of benefit. 
 
 Massage stimulates the circulation with the same results as 
 hot air, although it is much more limited in its effects. Electricity 
 applied by the interrupted, or Faradic, method is only a means 
 of massage. The advantage from the interrupted current comes 
 from the fine, vibratory, massage-like effect; in other words, 
 from the mechanical effect and not from the electricity. The 
 remedies which should be used are laxatives and antiseptics. 
 Digestion must be improved. Hot air or drug medication 
 will be more effectual if administered by one skilled in their 
 application, but what every one and any one can do is to guard 
 against all forms of excess and keep the eliminative organs active, 
 and they will not be troubled with rheumatism. 
 
 19 
 
290 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 In the great majority of cases the hot air treatment cannot be 
 applied for want of conveniences. The next best thing is the 
 internal use of Iodides in some form. Syrup of Hydriodic Acid 
 is pleasant to take and is as effective as Iodine in any other form. 
 One teaspoonful may be taken three times a day—between meals 
 and at bedtime. This may be continued for three or four weeks 
 at a time, then skip a week or two and take again. If there is a 
 catarrhal condition of the eyes, it is evidence that the dose is too 
 large; in this case, take half the amount. Also take 10 grains 
 of Salol, or 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolates (see Index), three 
 times a day. Five-drop doses of Fowler's Solution, taken with 
 the meals, is also valuable. At any time that there is evidence 
 of an increase in the trouble, take any of the remedies mentioned 
 under Muscular Rheumatism. 
 
 Recommended Treatments for Stiff Joints. — 
 
 A. The best internal remedy is Black Cohosh. Take the 
 root and steep it and drink freely of the decoction; or, if the root 
 is not procurable, the tincture or fluid extract may be purchased 
 at a drug store. The dose of the tincture would be from 10 to 
 15 drops three times a day; of the fluid extract, from 5 to 10 
 drops three times a day. 
 
 For an external remedy, use the following: 
 
 Tincture Iodine 4 ounces. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 4 " 
 
 Mix, let stand a few hours and apply, rub- 
 bing in thoroughly. The more time spent in 
 making the application, the better. 
 
 Any treatment for Rheumatism, to be effective, must be 
 persisted in for a long time. 
 
 B. Oil of Wintergreen 1 drachm. 
 
 Ammonia Liniment 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix together, rub well into the joint and 
 cover with flannel. 
 
 Salol 2 drachms. 
 
 Divide into 10 powders. Take 1 every three 
 hours.— (59). 
 
 C. Ether 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil of Cajeput 1 " 
 
 Benzine 4 " 
 
 Local application, 
 
 or, 
 
 External application of Gasoline.— (55), 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 291 
 
 D. John White, Harbor Beach, Michigan, had rheumatism 
 in foot. After two doctors had failed in treating him, he used 
 the following remedy and it cured him: 
 
 Spirits of Turpentine 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol 1 " 
 
 Camphor Gum 1 ounce. 
 
 Saltpetre 1 " 
 
 Beef Brine 1 pint. 
 
 Heat the beef brine until it comes to a boil 
 and take off scum, then mix all together. Ap- 
 ply three or four times a day, rubbing it in 
 well, or until the flesh is red. In addition take 
 something to keep the bowels open. 
 
 E. Ten grains Salicylate of Soda every two hours. Cotton 
 batting and oil silk to joints, — (39). 
 
 RHEUMATISM, GONORRHEAL, OF THE 
 JOINTS. — There is another form of joint trouble, called 
 Gonorrheal Rheumatism. This is not Rheumatism, however, but 
 is caused by poisons in the blood resulting from Gonorrhea. It 
 is not frequent in the early stages of gonorrhea, but when 
 occurring is most frequent in the latter stages — in Chronic 
 Gonorrhea. 
 
 Cause. — That already given — septic or poisonous material 
 resulting from gonorrhea, carried by the circulation. The 
 exciting or immediate cause is the same as the exciting or 
 immediate cause for joint rheumatism proper. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are somewhat different from 
 those of gonorrhea. In order to show the symptoms to better 
 advantage or make them more easily understood, we give them 
 side by side: 
 
 Gonorrheal Rheumatism 
 of Joints. 
 
 Fever is slight. 
 
 Lasts for several weeks or 
 months. 
 
 Gonorrheal has a tendency to 
 occur again and again. 
 
 The perspiration is normal, 
 that is, alkaline. 
 
 Heart complications are un- 
 usual. 
 
 The joint may suppurate. 
 
 There is a history of gonor- 
 rhea. 
 
 Inflammatory Rheumatism 
 of Joints. 
 
 Fever is high. 
 
 Lasts about one week. 
 
 Inflammatory has not. 
 
 Perspiration is not normal, 
 but highly acid; even the saliva 
 is acid. 
 
 Heart complications are fre- 
 quent. 
 
 The joint does not suppurate 
 
 There is no history of gonor- 
 rhea. 
 
292 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment.— 
 
 Until recent years this disease was most difficult to control, 
 in fact, there was no treatment that seemed to produce much 
 effect. More recent developments, however, have shown that the 
 following may be relied upon. By many who have had large 
 experience the following remedies are said to give the most 
 satisfactory results, and we are assured the disease may be con- 
 trolled by such treatment: 
 
 Sulphide of Calcium... l / 2 grain, pill or tablet. 
 
 Take from four to six times a day. Give at the same time 
 5 drops of Fowler's Solution in a little water. If there is much 
 effusion in the joint, it should be drawn off with an aspirating 
 needle. If pus forms, the abscess should be opened at once, 
 washed out with an antiseptic solution, and proper drainage 
 maintained. 
 
 SCIATIC RHEUMATISM— SCIATICA- 
 NEURALGIA OF THE SCIATIC NERVE.— These and 
 perhaps other terms are applied to painful conditions of the 
 sciatic nerve. This nerve is the largest nerve in the body. It is 
 a continuation of nerve fibers having their origin in the lower 
 part of the spinal cord. At its greatest width it measures ^ of 
 an inch, and is said to be capable of sustaining a weight of 175 
 to 200 pounds. Its great size and length is the reason why 
 affections of this nerve are so painful and persistent. 
 
 The sciatic nerve leaves the pelvic cavity through a small 
 opening situated rather low down and toward the back part of 
 the hip. It extends downward along the back of the thigh to a 
 point a little above the knee, where it usually divides into two 
 branches. It supplies the skin over the whole of the lower 
 extremities, supplies the hip joint, the muscles along the back 
 part of the thigh, the knee joint, the muscles of the leg below the 
 knee, and the foot. 
 
 Cause. — The same as rheumatism and neuralgia elsewhere. 
 It should be remembered that the nerve fibers are supplied with 
 blood vessels, the same as other tissues of the body, and that 
 irritating blood causes congestion of these vessels the same as 
 elsewhere. The congestion may increase to inflammation. This 
 congestion or inflammation means that the vessels are thickened 
 and swollen. This causes pressure, and the delicate and sen- 
 sitive nerve fibers give notice in the form of pain more or less 
 pronounced. This is the condition in muscular rheumatism, and 
 this is why we stated that it was the nerve fibers and not the 
 muscle fibers that were affected. Only for the vitalizing influence 
 supplied through the nervous system, the material body would be 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 293 
 
 dead matter, therefore Nature has designed that any irritation or 
 morbid condition that tends to interfere with normal nerve action 
 or obstruct the vitalizing influence mentioned, shall be made 
 manifest; hence the pain. The pain is mild or severe in propor- 
 tion to the danger present. The opening through which the 
 sciatic nerve makes its exit from the pelvic cavity is only large 
 enough to admit the passage of the nerve. The congestion and 
 inflammation mentioned may be communicated to the tissues 
 surrounding this opening, and this would crowd upon the nerve 
 at that point and increase the pain. The same congestion and 
 inflammation may extend downward and result in adhesions of 
 the tissues surrounding the nerve in other situations. This 
 would cause pressure and irritation and also aid in increasing the 
 pain. The adhesions are in proportion to the size of the nerve, 
 and this is another reason why the disease is so stubborn and 
 why it fails to yield to the ordinary methods of treatment. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain along the course of the nerve. It may be 
 most severe in the hip, at the knee, at the heel, or may include 
 the whole nerve tract. Where the pain is severe, it usually 
 comes on in spasms, lasting from a few hours to a day or two. 
 In many cases the pain is not severe, but dull and more constant, 
 leaving one point and as suddenly attacking another. Sciatica 
 frequently follows Lumbago, or rheumatism in the small of the 
 back, because the spinal cord only extends to the small of 
 the back and the sciatic nerve is a continuation of nerve 
 fibers having their origin at that point; hence when the pain 
 leaves the sciatic nerve it may suddenly appear in the back or 
 elsewhere. 
 
 Treatments — Sciatica. — 
 
 A. Mustard plasters, blister plasters, and all forms of artificial 
 heat have been used in this disease. Sometimes they give relief 
 and sometimes they do not. Where relief is not obtained and the 
 pain is severe, some give temporary relief with Morphine. It has 
 been stated that the disease is the result of irritation, congestion, 
 and perhaps inflammation, therefore we believe the best remedy 
 is the same as would be given to relieve congestion and inflamma- 
 tion elsewhere, i.e., i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite every 
 hour; or, if the patient is strong, the same dose may be given 
 every thirty minutes for two or three hours or more. We 
 also recommend the following: 
 
 Salicylate of Soda 1 drachm. 
 
 Acetanilid ^ " 
 
 Mix, divide into 12 powders and give 1 
 powder every two hours until the ears ring. 
 
294 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 These powders and the Aconite may be given together. We 
 have known some very stubborn cases of sciatica — cases that 
 have resisted all other means of treatment — to yield to the con- 
 tinued use of Aconite alone. Add 24 drops of the Tincture of 
 Aconite and 1 ounce of Glycerine to 3 ounces of water. Shake 
 the bottle and take 1 teaspoonful every one or two hours. If the 
 patient is physically strong, he can take 1 teaspoonful every 
 hour. If there is a sense of tingling, or a sense of numbness in 
 the toes, fingers, hands, face or lips, it will be evidence that the 
 patient should take less, say one-half the amount. Aconite is 
 not recommended for those with a weak heart. 
 
 Tincture of Aconite, and, in fact, all tinctures, fluid extracts 
 and other herbs used in medicine, owe their effects largely to a 
 certain active ingredient often called the active principle. They 
 are also sometimes called alkaloids, glucosoids, etc., according to 
 their composition. These active principles constitute but a very 
 small percentage of the drug. Aconitine Amorphus represents 
 Aconite more actively than the tincture or fluid extract. This 
 is equally true of all active principles because they are definite in 
 amount. The Aconitine Amorphus may be given in y^ grain 
 doses in place of the tincture. Where it is continued for some 
 time, it is often used, because it is prepared in pill or tablet 
 form, hence is more convenient. We believe the Salicylate of 
 Soda and Acetanilid powders are equally as valuable as the 
 Aconite. 
 
 B. Croton Oil given in a full dose (from 1 to 3 drops) is the 
 best and quickest and most permanent relief of any I have ever 
 used. — (30). 
 
 C. A large Mustard plaster over the seat of pain along the 
 course of the nerve. — (20). 
 
 RICKETS — RACHITIS. — Rickets may occur before 
 birth, but usually not until after. It is a condition where the 
 bones throughout the body become more or less softened, either 
 from the absorption of bone matter or from a lack of deposit of 
 lime salts; the latter is the more common cause. The disease 
 generally occurs during the first or second year, and is usually 
 found in cities. 
 
 Cause. — This disease is caused by a lack of nourishment, 
 which may be the result of poor food, or of an insufficient 
 amount of food. Another important factor is bad hygienic 
 surroundings — bad air, lack of sunshine, unhealthy cellars, or 
 small apartments inhabited by too many families. 
 
 Symptoms. — It will be noticed that the child is weak and 
 poorly nourished, teething is late, or if teeth are present they 
 may become loose and fall out. Handling the child causes more 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 295 
 
 or less pain all over the body. This is caused by the condition 
 of the bones. The child is more quiet while lying down, and 
 cries or worries more while being handled. 
 
 Where the ribs join the chest bone there is a prominent 
 thickening, which may readily be felt. The ribs are soft and 
 bend easily — even breathing or traction of the diaphragm may 
 cause the chest to become flattened, latterly or on the sides. 
 This would cause the chest bones to bulge forward, giving the 
 chest a narrow, wedge-shaped appearance, hence the term, ' 'pigeon 
 breast." All of the bones lack development. The chest cavity 
 is small and interferes with the lung power. The spinal column 
 softens and the weight of the body may cause curvature of the 
 spine. This curve is usually posterior, or backward, and pro- 
 duces the condition known as humpback. The bones are so soft 
 that the periosteum, or membrane which surrounds them, can be 
 easily removed. In standing or walking the bones of the lower 
 limbs become bent. The pelvic bones become deformed, and the 
 bones of the head enlarged. If the disease is of long standing, 
 the whole mass of bone structure becomes firm and hard. After 
 the disease is cured, the bones of the head remain large as a 
 result of internal pressure, and the bones of the body small from 
 lack of development. The ribs or bones of the limbs may remain 
 more or less misshapen as the result of muscular contractions 
 when the bones were soft. This muscular contraction and the 
 weight of the body causes pressure on the ends of the bones 
 forming the joints, and they become more or less enlarged, hence 
 the prominence at the wrist joint, elbow, ankle or knee. During 
 the disease fractures usually occur from very slight causes. An 
 examination of the urine will detect an abnormal amount of 
 lime salts. 
 
 The duration of the disease is about two years. However, 
 with good care and proper treatment a cure should be effected in 
 less time. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The treatment consists of attention to diet and hygiene. 
 If the child is in an unhealthy location, it should be moved — 
 taken where it will receive an abundance of fresh air and sunshine. 
 Every attention should be paid to a nourishing diet, frequent 
 bathing, attention to the bowels, etc. The remedies to be taken 
 internally are Fowler's Solution, Syrup of L,actophosphate of 
 Iyime and Maltine, or a good extract of malt. Fowler's Solution 
 may be taken in from 1- to 3 -drop doses, according to age, three 
 times a day. Syrup of Lactophosphate of Iyime may be given in 
 i-teaspoonful doses four times a day. 
 
296 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The deformities should receive mechanical support in the 
 way of splints and bandages. Most cases may be cared for at 
 home, but should be under the attention of a doctor. 
 
 B. Pigeon Breast. — When caused by rickets, give Compound 
 Syrup of Hypophosphites with meals. Massage the chest and 
 press the deformed bones back into place. — (40). 
 
 C. Scott's Emulsion Cod Liver Oil. — (41). 
 
 RINGWORM.— (See under Skin Diseases) . 
 
 ROSE RASH, or ROSEOLA.— (See under Skin 
 Diseases) . 
 
 RUPTURE.— (See Hernia). 
 
 ST. ANTHONY'S FIRE.— This means Erysipelas. (See 
 Erysipelas.) 
 
 ST. VITUS DANCE— CHOREA.— This is a disease of 
 childhood, brought about by some disturbance of the nervous 
 system resulting in irregular and spasmodic actions of certain 
 groups of muscles. There is also more or less general weakness, 
 lack of ambition and loss of power. The mind may be dull and 
 the memory somewhat weakened. 
 
 Cause. — A lack of development of the nervous system, or a 
 lack of proper nourishment and support of that system. The 
 child becomes weak and irritable. The exciting or immediate 
 cause may be either excitement or fright. Eye strain from too 
 much study is also said to act as an exciting cause. There may 
 be other conditions which bring on the first spasmodic attack. 
 We should remember, however, that the underlying cause was 
 present before. We realize that the foregoing is somewhat 
 indefinite, yet they are the causes usually given for this 
 disease. Personally, we believe the real and only cause is mal- 
 nutrition, or indigestion and lack of assimilation. This may be 
 the result of poor food, unhygienic surroundings or too close 
 attention to school studies; or if from other causes, the result is 
 the same. This means irritating blood and a lack of nourish- 
 ment, and gradually the vitality of the child is reduced. The 
 condition may be overlooked until, as a result of some one of the 
 exciting causes given, the disease suddenly develops. 
 
 Symptoms. — Spasmodic and irregular movements of the 
 voluntary muscles. The condition is made worse by an attempt 
 to walk or perform any dut)'. These movements generally cease 
 during sleep. First, there may be a general restlessness which 
 increases until the patient loses more or less the power of co- 
 ordination (see IyOCOMOTOR Ataxia), or the disease may come 
 on suddenly, as stated above. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 297 
 
 The disease may begin in the hands and arms, may include 
 the muscles of the face and those of the eyes, and later extend to 
 the lower extremities; it may include the head and body and 
 both upper and lower extremities; or may affect the right arm 
 and the left leg, or vice versa. When the head and body are 
 affected, the patient moves to and fro, bending, bowing and 
 jerking; when the lower limbs are affected, the gait is totter- 
 ing and unsteady, the patient stumbling in attempting to walk; 
 when the hands and arms are affected, the patient may not be 
 able to feed himself. The muscles of the tongue are usually 
 more or less affected, and this renders speech difficult and stam- 
 mering. When the muscles of deglutition, or those engaged in 
 the act of swallowing, are involved, swallowing is difficult. 
 Watching the child or making any attempt to correct him only 
 increases the trouble. 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The child should avoid all excitement, and should not 
 be sent to school; in fact, nothing exacting should be demanded 
 of him. He should never be watched, harshly criticized, or 
 otherwise severely dealt with. No attention should be paid to 
 his actions, or such conduct as results from the disease. The 
 symptoms should be allowed to pass unnoticed, and he should be 
 encouraged in the belief that he is getting better. The most 
 careful attention should be paid to diet — vegetable diet is the 
 best. Rice boiled for two or three hours, toast, milk, soft boiled 
 eggs, beef tea made at home (see Miscellaneous Depart- 
 ment) , oatmeal boiled for three hours and strained, using only 
 the liquid part, and vegetables such as used in a boiled dinner, 
 boiled and strained, using only the liquid part, are all valuable, 
 because they are easily digested and nourishing. The following 
 is a valuable internal remedy: 
 
 Fowler's Solution ]/ z ounce. 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 2 ounces. 
 Maltine, or any good extract of 
 
 Malt 6 " 
 
 Mix by shaking the bottle. 
 Give 1, 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls four times a day. Give with 
 meals and at bedtime. The dose should correspond to the age 
 of the child. If the appetite is not good, the child should receive 
 more than three meals a day. 
 
 B. Fluid Extract Cimicifuga (Black Cohosh), 1 drop three 
 times daily. Also Fowler's Solution, 3 drops three times daily. 
 Cold douche to spine, followed by brisk rubbing. — (41). 
 
 C. Rest in bed. Not to compel the patient to lie in bed, but 
 to allow him to rest at pleasure. Also anything to interest him 
 and divert his mind. — (39). 
 
298 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 SALT RHEUM.— (See under Skin Diseases). 
 SCARLATINA.— (See under Eruptive Fevers). 
 SCIATICA.— (See Rheumatism, Sciatic). 
 SCROFULA. — (See Tuberculosis of the Lymph 
 
 GLANDS) . 
 
 SCURVY— SCORBUTUS.— In this disease there is con- 
 gestion of all mucous membrane, also of the deeper layer of the 
 skin covering the body; hence slight hemorrhage may occur in 
 various places, giving to the skin a spotted appearance. The 
 gums are apt to be swollen and bleed easily. There is always 
 languor and more or less prostration, and rheumatic pains are 
 scattered throughout the body. What is called "Button Scurvy" 
 is a disease caused by poor food and depraved nutrition. Slight 
 growths of papules appear in the skin which are thought to 
 resemble a button, hence the term. In all forms of scurvy there 
 is a morbid condition of blood, always aggravated by lack of 
 cleanliness. In the past scurvy is said to have occurred most 
 often on ship board, although in earlier years it occurred in badly 
 fed armies and in besieged cities. 
 
 Catise. — Long continued use of salted meats, or rather, the 
 absence of vegetable foods. This disease is also largely influ- 
 enced by bad hygiene. Absence of vegetable food and unhealthy 
 surroundings will produce scurvy in a previously healthy man. 
 It may follow protracted fevers. In children it is said to have 
 been caused by some kinds of infant foods. When scurvy first 
 appeared in the United States army, some time ago, the govern- 
 ment issued canned fruits and vegetables to the soldiers and 
 sailors with most excellent results. This plan or arrangement, 
 together with better sanitation in camp life, has driven scurvy 
 out of the field. To-day it is practically unknown to any extent. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is general weakness, languor, and lack of 
 ambition; the skin becomes rough and pale and presents a muddy 
 appearance; the gums are swollen and bleed easily; there may 
 be small hemorrhagic patches beneath the skin; the eliminations 
 from the digestive tract contain blood; the breath is offensive; 
 the lips are pale; the eyes are sunken and may be encircled with 
 dark lines; the face frequently bloats; the urine is high-colored 
 and its odor is offensive; the heart is weak and fluttering, and 
 there is shortness of breath. Occurring in children, they are 
 anaemic and irritable and remain quiet — dislike to be handled. 
 There is soreness about the joints, and congestion of the mucous 
 membrane in the mouth, increasing to a profuse flow of saliva. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 299 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. First, free elimination from the digestive tract, followed 
 by antiseptics, such as Salol or the Sulphocarbolates. These 
 cases either require a change of air or improved hygienic 
 surroundings. The food should consist of fruit juices, fresh 
 vegetables, milk, broths from fresh meats that are cooked but little, 
 etc. The treatment for children and adults is the same. Where 
 children are anaemic and very pale, Syrup of Iodide of Iron will 
 improve the condition. This is also true with adults. In most 
 cases but little drug medication is needed. 
 
 B. Maltine.. 4 ounces. 
 
 Liquid Peptonoids 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 dessertspoonful after meals.— (47). 
 
 SEA SICKNESS. — Sea Sickness is a distressing disease 
 occurring on ship board. It is characterized by dizziness, intense 
 nausea, vomiting and extreme prostration. 
 
 Cause. — The primary or first cause is the motion of the 
 vessel — the alternate rising and falling of the bow and stern. 
 The trouble is not so severe on vessels with heavy ballast because 
 there is less motion. The cause is also partially explained by 
 the condition of the system. Indigestion, an abnormal condition 
 of the digestive tract and a lack of free circulation over the 
 surface of the body, weaken the controlling powers of the nervous 
 system until it is less capable of withstanding the unnatural 
 motion of the ship. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. For several days before taking passage on ship the 
 individual should pay strict attention to diet and elimination. 
 Keep the bowels regular in their action, eat sparingly of light 
 food, take a bath every day and rub the surface afterward 
 until it assumes a healthy glow. 
 
 If following the first indications of the trouble a horizontal 
 position of the body is assumed and maintained, there is less 
 danger; in fact, by this means many cases of sea sickness are 
 prevented. To relieve an attack take y^- of a grain of Atropine, 
 ■gV of a grain of Strychnine and ^fo of a grain of Glonoin. Take 
 all at a dose, and repeat every hour until the face is flushed; 
 after that, take less often — perhaps once in two or three hours. 
 Whenever relief follows, stop the treatment. We know of no 
 better remedy that can be applied. The object is to bring the 
 blood to the surface and maintain free peripheral circulation. If 
 this is done, the attack will be broken up. There is nothing 
 better for this purpose than the remedy named. 
 
300 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Have the liver acted upon thoroughly for three days 
 previou* to embarking, then whenever the nausea is felt, touch 
 the tongue to the following: 
 
 Strychnine I grain. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 -(32). 
 
 C. Sea sickness may be prevented by the following before 
 taking the trip. See that the bowels are loose. One day previ- 
 ous to departure take the following: 
 
 Bromide of Potash 3 drachms. 
 
 Simple Elixir 2 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful every five 
 hours. — (38). 
 
 SHAKING PALSY.— (See under Paralysis). 
 SHINGLES. — (See under Skin Diseases). 
 SICK HEADACHE.— (See under Headache). 
 
 SKiN DISEASES. 
 
 The skin forms a covering for the whole body and protects 
 the deeper structures. It is usually divided into two layers: the 
 outer, known as the cuticle epidermis, or scarf skin; and the 
 inner, known as the cutis, corium or true skin. The corium is 
 formed of connective tissue; the epidermis, or outer layer, is 
 merely worn-out cells that are being cast off. The corium is 
 well supplied with blood vessels; the outer layer has none. 
 
 The corium is covered with small elevations called papillae. 
 Each of these papillae, or points, is supplied with a loop of blood 
 vessels. It is by means of these elevations that the sense of 
 touch is made manifest. The specialized nerve fibers which 
 supply them are most abundant where the sense of touch is most 
 acute, as the tips of the fingers and the soles of the feet. The 
 true skin is continuous at the nose and mouth with the corium, 
 or deeper layer of mucous membrane; in fact, the deeper layer of 
 the skin and mucous membrane are the same. This sheet of 
 membrane encloses the outer surface of the body, is continuous 
 through the nose and mouth, and lines the cavities in the head, 
 mouth, throat, air tubes, lungs, stomach, digestive tract, collecting 
 tubes of the kidney, uterus, bladder and urethra. 
 
 The skin contains hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous, 
 or oil, glands. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 301 
 
 A hair follicle is a small depression in the skin. At the base 
 is one of the papillae mentioned, and the loop of blood vessels 
 which supplies each papillae supplies the hair with nourishment. 
 Hair follicles cover more or less all parts of the body and extrem- 
 ities, excepting the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. 
 
 The sebaceous, or oil, glands, commence below the surface 
 of the skin, extend toward the surface and open into the side of 
 the hair follicles. These glands secrete an oily substance which 
 keeps the skin smooth and the hair glossy. 
 
 The sweat glands cover all parts of the body and extremities. 
 They are most numerous in the palms of the hands and soles of 
 the feet. The average amount of waste eliminated through the 
 skin is about twenty-four ounces in twenty-four hours. This 
 watery fluid contains from two to four per cent of solid matter. 
 
 The hair follicles, oil and sweat glands are lined with a layer 
 of cells which, by reason of their specialized nerve supply, have 
 the power to secrete from the passing blood stream certain 
 materials: the hair follicles, those materials which supply the 
 growth of the hair; the sebaceous or oil glands, those which 
 keep the skin and hair smooth and soft; the sweat glands, those 
 which eliminate waste. I^arge amounts of waste are eliminated. 
 
 In hot weather the perspiration bathes the surface of the 
 body and keeps it cool. This is why animal life can exist in a 
 temperature much higher than its own. When the air is moist, 
 it does not readily take up more moisture from the body. This 
 produces discomfort and depression, as it checks elimination. 
 Such weather is spoken of as muggy, humid, sultry or oppres- 
 sive. This is the reason the same temperature is more destructive 
 to life in New York City or Chicago than in Minnesota or any 
 section where the air contains less moisture. The dry air readily 
 takes up moisture from the body and thus favors elimination 
 through the skin. Dry clothes do not attract heat from the 
 body; wet ones do, because their temperature is lower. This 
 produces chilliness, and may result in taking cold. Exercise 
 produces more heat, which meets the drain made by wet clothing. 
 
 The skin is connected with the deeper structures by a layer 
 of connective tissue in the form of loose meshes. This is 
 capable of great distension, as in some forms of erysipelas and 
 other inflammations. 
 
 Birth Marks. — Enveloping the body and lying just beneath 
 the skin, in this loose connective tissue, is a dense network of 
 small blood vessels, estimated to be capable of holding half of the 
 blood in the body. Many people have what are called "birth 
 marks." These are thought to resemble a leaf, strawberry or 
 something of the kind, and are caused by dilatation of the blood 
 vessels in this loose connective tissue. 
 
302 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Birth marks are usually so deep seated that efforts at removal 
 should not be made. 
 
 Mole.— Sometimes this is merely a dark discoloration on the 
 surface. In this case it is termed a mole. A mole may be 
 slightly elevated. It is usually harmless. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See treatment for warts. The same caustic applications will 
 destroy moles. 
 
 Wart. — A wart is a type of papillae of the deeper layer of 
 the skin, but it is large. The papillae is overgrown and contains 
 a framework of connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics. 
 Warts are sometimes called papillomata, meaning tumors formed 
 by the overgrowth of a papillae. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. Apply Nitric Acid to them, being careful to touch the 
 wart only. — (20). 
 
 B. Touch with any strong acid, or with Lunar Caustic, 
 being careful to touch only the wart. — (32). 
 
 Note. — Lunar Caustic is Nitrate of Silver. When brought in contact 
 with animal tissue, it decomposes, leaving the Nitric Acid free to act. 
 
 Lunar Caustic, or Nitric Acid, will destroy any and all tissue with 
 which it is brought in contact. 
 
 C. Specific Thuja applied well every day. Take 5 drops 
 four times a day. This will cure all warts on man or animal. 
 No failures with this treatment. — (30). 
 
 D. Apply Thuja Tincture each day for one week. — (43). 
 
 SKIN DISEASES. 
 
 What are called skin diseases are not skin diseases at all, 
 with the exception of itch and ringworm. The other troubles are 
 simply evidence of systemic disease. This is true of eczema, liver 
 spots and shingles, the same as of boils, carbuncles, dandruff and 
 other conditions of a like nature, and applies even to leprosy. True, 
 the skin may be more or less changed in appearance and even in 
 structure, yet it is simply the evidence of some constitutional 
 derangement. It is a symptom, the same as pain and fever are 
 symptoms. There may be no structural change in any tissue 
 following the symptoms of pain or fever; while such changes may 
 occur in the skin following systemic disease, yet they all depend 
 upon some constitutional trouble, hence these cases need general 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 303 
 
 or systemic treatment. I^ocal treatment may relieve temporarily 
 and make the patient more comfortable, but local treatment does 
 not reach the real cause, and this is why it cannot cure. 
 
 Eczema is the most frequent so-called skin disease, and the 
 treatment of this affection will be much more satisfactory if strict 
 attention is paid to digestion, elimination, regular habits and the 
 avoidance of all forms of excess. 
 
 ACNE. — This affection of the skin is the result of an 
 inflammation of the sebaceous glands. It most frequently 
 appears about the time of puberty. It is usually chronic in 
 character. 
 
 Cause. — Authorities state that Acne is accompanied with 
 digestive disturbances and that it is often associated with chronic 
 diseases — anaemia, scrofula and tuberculosis are examples. Acne 
 is an external manifestation of a general disease. It is true that 
 in many cases there may be no actual disease, yet there is some 
 disturbance of digestion which results in a production of irritants 
 in some form, and these irritants affect the terminal or outer 
 ends of the peripheral nerves — those that supply the skin. Some 
 irritating elements generated in the system produce their effect 
 upon the nerve terminals and some do not. The same is true 
 with poisons that are used in medicine. Some of the Bromides, 
 Chloral, the Iodides, Belladonna or Atropine and some other 
 remedies produce this same irritating effect upon the terminal or 
 end nerve fibers which supply the skin, and result in a pro- 
 nounced rash. Atropine irritates and "paralyzes the outer or 
 distal end of the nerves supplying the glands of the throat; they 
 fail to act and the throat becomes dry. It paralyzes the nerves 
 governing the size of the vessels supplying the glands and the 
 vessels dilate; that is why the surface becomes red. At the same 
 time it paralyzes the terminal fibers supplying the sweat glands, 
 and this lessens elimination. It also paralyzes the terminal nerve 
 fibers which supply the iris; that is why the pupil dilates. It is 
 understood, of course, that such effects are only temporary, and 
 pass off in a few hours. The peculiar forms of poisons which pro- 
 duce inflammation of the sebaceous glands and result in acne may 
 depend upon the habits, surroundings, kind of food taken, 
 mental influence, etc., and, as stated, when they occur, being 
 eliminated through the skin they produce their irritating effects 
 upon the nerves supplying it. This acts as a stimulant and 
 results in a mild form of inflammation around the sweat glands, 
 or more especially their ducts or openings. The secretions of 
 the glands are increased, while the inflammation and swelling of 
 the ducts prevent more or less their escape. This causes the ducts 
 to become dilated and their point of opening to bulge forward. 
 
304 . FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 It has been stated that the effects of Atropine are only 
 temporary. The reason is that when such effects are produced, 
 the remedy is discontinued. The reason that the irritants which 
 produce acne are constantly present is because such irritants 
 are constantly being generated in the system. 
 
 Symptoms. — The oily secretion of the gland is retained, 
 but the retention is attended with inflammation. Inflamed, ugly- 
 looking pimples are the result. Pustules may occur among the 
 pimples. In the pustular variety of acne pustules are the rule. 
 The face is the part most commonly affected, although the neck, 
 back and shoulders may be subject to this eruption. 
 
 Sometimes the color of the secretion which clogs the ducts 
 varies from a white or yellowish to a grey or black, the last two 
 being the result of dirt which becomes mixed with the secretions. 
 This constitutes the condition known as Blackheads. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Avoid fatty foods as much as possible. Also take 
 regularly some saline cathartic, as Carlsbad Salt in doses of from 
 i to 2 teaspoonfuls in water, daily. — (63). 
 
 B. Get a can of Seidlitz Salts from the Abbott Alkaloidal 
 Co., Ravenswood, Station X, Chicago. Take 1 teaspoonful (or 
 a larger amount if necessary) every morning to keep the bowels 
 regular. Bathe the face in a solution of the same Salts, say 2 
 teaspoonfuls of the Salts to half a glass of water. This treatment 
 will be found most excellent. The Seidlitz Salts are effective, 
 harmless, and pleasant to take. 
 
 C. Try the following: 
 
 Hard Cider 1 pint 
 
 Alum size of a pea. 
 
 Keep in a bottle on your dresser and apply night and morn- 
 ing. Use for a long time. — (14)- 
 
 D. Bathe the face often and thoroughly in good soap and 
 hot water, and at bedtime, after bathing the face, dust on a little 
 White Precipitate and wash it off in the morning. Keep the face 
 protected from wind and cold. — (10). 
 
 E. Wash the affected parts two or three times a day in salt 
 water. At night after bathing in hot water, apply the following: 
 
 Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 White Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 A small towel wrung out of hot water, applied on retiring, 
 is a good remedy. The pimples should not be squeezed or 
 pressed between the finger nails. — (9). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 305 
 
 F. Prolonged hot bathing. Massage parts with Tar soap 
 (not carried far enough to cause irritation), and stimulate the 
 circulation locally with Alcohol rubbing. Keep bowels free; 
 also kidneys and skin generally. — (14)- 
 
 G. Solution Subacetate of Lead 20 drops. 
 
 Glycerine 1 drachm. 
 
 Lanoline.; 4 " 
 
 Make into an ointment and rub thoroughly 
 into the skin night and morning. — (20). 
 
 H. Keep the bowels open freely every day. — (32). 
 I. Diet; open bowels; fresh water. — (33). 
 J. Sulphur, sixth dilution. Take in drop doses or pill form 
 four to six times a day. — (3) — homeopathic. 
 Especially applicable to Blackheads. — 
 
 K. Sulphuric Ether 1 ounca. 
 
 Carbonate of Ammonia.... 1 drachm. 
 
 Boric Acid 20 grains. 
 
 Water 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply locally two or three times a 
 day. 
 
 The special value of the Ether and Ammonia is in dissolving 
 and carrying away the greasy or oily accumulations which are 
 apt to be present on the face, forehead, or wherever the trouble 
 exists. 
 
 BARBER'S ITCH.— (See under Ringworm). 
 
 ECZEMA— TETTER— SALT RHEUM.— This is not 
 
 a skin disease, but, like dandruff, is a manifestation of a systemic 
 trouble. This is why it shows such a strong tendency to become 
 chronic. The eruption is but a local manifestation of a consti- 
 tutional disease. Eczema may attack all ages and classes. 
 There is a catarrhal inflammation of the corium, or deeper layer 
 of the skin. First there is congestion of the vessels supplying 
 the affected part, producing redness. In this variety there is a 
 slight exudate from the swollen vessels, and when the moisture 
 dries it forms little scales. The scales are composed of the solid 
 elements from the blood, of the new cells which have grown 
 as a result of the increased blood supply, and of such other 
 matter as may inhabit the skin where the exudate occurs. 
 
 There are several forms of Eczema, as, where it occurs in 
 papules or points, where the papules contain fluid, or where they 
 contain pus. Sometimes the inflammation and exudate cause 
 the outer layer of the skin to become detached and it is cast off, 
 leaving the inflamed corium, or deeper layer of the skin, 
 exposed. This gives a red appearance, which differs from the 
 other forms as it is a deeper red. If the inflammation is 
 20 
 
3o6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 severe enough, some of the small vessels may be ruptured and 
 blood may form part of the exudate. If the disease has existed 
 for some time, the skin may have become thickened and hard- 
 ened from increased growth as a result of the increased blood 
 supply. 
 
 Cause. — It should be remembered that a skin lesion is merely 
 a symptom of disease, the same as fever is a symptom. Any 
 one having eczema must remember that his system is a little 
 "out of order" — that more thorough elimination is needed, and 
 more attention should be paid to diet. In some cases the use of 
 alcohol may have been the starting point; in others, possibly 
 tobacco. Their effects would be produced by their interference 
 with digestion. L,ack of exercise, too much hard work, laziness, 
 or any other condition that tends to disturb the general health 
 may produce eczema. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is always itching and burning in Eczema. 
 The diseased area presents no distinct outline or border, but the 
 redness fades gradually into the surrounding healthy skin. The 
 papules or vesicles that occur in erysipelas may resemble those of 
 eczema, but erysipelas presents greater swelling, more heat, and 
 the color is a deep red, tense and shiny. The inflammation is 
 deeper seated. If occurring about the face, the swelling may 
 close the eyes. There is fever and frequent pulse. Erysipelas 
 may set in with a chill, there may be nausea, vomiting, an 
 abscess may form, or in some cases delirium may be present. 
 Eczema presents none of these symptoms. The trouble is con- 
 fined to itching, and sometimes a burning sensation, but the 
 evidence is never severe. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. In those cases where vesicles form, or where there is 
 much moisture present, the following prescription will be found 
 most beneficial: 
 
 Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth i drachm. 
 
 Powdered Starch i " 
 
 Vaseline enough to make I ounce. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, and apply two or three 
 times a day. 
 
 This ointment will be found satisfactory in the treatment of 
 most cases. Many cases will be controlled so that the disease 
 will never be noticed. The most careful attention should be 
 given to digestion and keeping the bowels regular. Ten grains 
 of Salol should be taken three times a day. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 307 
 
 B. Wash the diseased area with a solution of one or two 
 tablespoonfuls of Bicarbonate of Soda in one-half to one wash 
 bowl full of tepid water. Dry gently with a soft piece of lint or 
 linen and apply Carbolated Vaseline — 5 drops of Carbolic Acid to 
 1 ounce of pure Vaseline — or, better still, apply "Resinol" (pro- 
 prietary) by gentle friction, and put on a piece of linen bandage. 
 
 In addition to the above local treatment, give, for an adult, 
 1 tablespoonful of McDade's Succus Alterans (proprietary) in a 
 wineglassful of water three times daily. — (16) — Homeopathic. 
 
 C. Five grains of Iodide Potassium in glass of water or milk 
 between meals; also, Fowler's Solution of Arsenic, from 5 to 10 
 drops in water before meals. — (10). 
 
 FISH-SKIN DISEASE.— This is an affection in which 
 discolored crusts form on the skin. These crusts overlap each 
 other like the scales of a fish. It makes its appearance in chil- 
 dren at the age of one or two years and continues throughout 
 life. 
 
 Cause. — The disease is believed to be born with the indi- 
 vidual. 
 
 Symptoms. — The crusts do not usually extend over the 
 skin of the entire body, but appear in patches and particularly 
 affect the extremities. It is a rare disease in its full develop- 
 ment, A milder form, consisting simply of a dryness and 
 harshness of the whole surface, with a slight scaling, is much 
 more common. This disease is always chronic. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Add 10 drops of Carbolic Acid to 4 ounces of Sweet Oil 
 and apply freely to the surface. This application should be kept 
 up until the scales are all removed and the part becomes soft and 
 pliable, resembling healthy skin. The patient should be sus- 
 tained with a carefully selected diet, and every attention paid to 
 digestion and elimination. This also includes proper hygienic 
 surroundings. 
 
 FRECKLES, LANTIGO.— This affection consists of 
 small, circumscribed, brownish spots the size of a pin-head, and 
 sometimes larger. They usually occur on the face and backs of 
 the hands. Those with light complexions are most often affected. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of freckles is the elimination through the 
 skin of certain waste products or elements which undergo chemical 
 changes in coming in contact with light and sunshine, resulting 
 in discoloration. Just what the change consists of is not known, 
 neither is it important. 
 
3 o8 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Corrosive Sublimate 3 grains. 
 
 Diluted Muriatic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Glycerine l / 2 " 
 
 Water enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix together and apply at night, or morn- 
 ing and night may be necessary. Label Poison, 
 and protect the eyes when applying it. Keep 
 the mixture out of the reach of children. 
 
 B. Another good remedy is as follows: 
 
 Citric Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Apply with a soft cloth three or four times 9 
 day, more or less as needed. 
 
 C. Apply Peroxide of Hydrogen three or four times a 
 day.— (7). 
 
 D. Rosewater 4 ounces. 
 
 Alum, pulverized 2 drachms. 
 
 Lemon Juice 2 " 
 
 This will permanently improve many cases of freckles. — 
 
 (75). 
 
 E. Tincture of Benzoin 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Tolu %, 
 
 Oil of Rosemary 2 drops. 
 
 Rosewater 4 ounces. 
 
 -(75)- 
 
 HIVES— NETTLE R A S H— WHEALS— URTI- 
 CARIA. — All of these terms are applied to certain characteristic 
 marks which appear in the skin following indigestion. The 
 trouble is not dangerous. It usually occurs in children. 
 
 Cause. — Indigestion, and usually lack of elimination. As a 
 result of indigestion, many irritants are present in the circula- 
 tion. These irritants cause dilatation in groups of small blood 
 vessels which supply the skin. Such dilatation is the result of 
 the paralyzing effects of the irritants upon the nerve fibers which 
 control the size of the vessels. The dilatation is sudden, hence 
 the rapid appearance of the spots, large or small, the size corre- 
 sponding to the amount of skin supplied by the affected vessels. 
 The spots are usually light in the center, and a reddish, or 
 sometimes a bright red color, around the border. They may 
 vary from the size of a pea to a walnut, or be even larger. 
 
 Symptoms. — The sudden appearance of the spots. They 
 may disappear as suddenly as they came, and re-appear in some 
 other part. With their appearance there is a tingling, itching 
 and burning sensation. Usually the child does not complain 
 much. The spots are accompanied by digestive disturbances. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 309 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. A large dose of Castor Oil, L,axol (see Index), Salts, or 
 Seidlitz Salts will cure this trouble, providing the child is more 
 careful about its diet. 
 
 B. Salicylate Soda 2> % A drachms. 
 
 Aromatic Elixir 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. — Dose for child five years old, ^ tea- 
 spoonful in water every three or four hours; 
 for adult, 1 teaspoonful every three or four 
 hours. — (52). 
 C. Rochelle Salts — 1 teaspoonful in V 2 tumbler of water 
 every half hour until bowels are moved. — (35). 
 
 ITCH — SCABIOUS. — Itch is caused by an animal parasite 
 which burrows in the skin. These parasites multiply very fast, 
 producing intense itching. The affection generally occurs on the 
 hands between the fingers. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The following application will cure this trouble: 
 
 Ammoniated Mercury (also called 
 
 White Precipitate) 40 grains. 
 
 Sulphur 3 drachms. 
 
 Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 
 
 Cleanse the hands, dry, and apply the oint- 
 ment twice a day, or oftener if necessary. 
 
 B. Sulphur 2 ounces. 
 
 Lard 4 
 
 Mix, and apply freely at night, washing it 
 off in the morning. — (7). 
 
 C. Make a stiff ointment by mixing Sulphur into Lard. 
 Bathe in good strong soapsuds, dry and apply the ointment. — 
 
 (17). 
 
 D. Rub with Sulphur and I,ard. — (32). 
 
 E. Wash with a weak solution of Corrosive Sublimate, 4 
 grains to % pint of water. Isabel Poison and do not allow the 
 solution to get into the eyes. — (n). 
 
 F. Use Resinol Ointment. — (30). 
 
 G. Bathe the itching parts with a solution of 1 teaspoonful 
 of strong Carbolic Acid to 1 pint of water. Protect the eyes 
 when using. — (8) . 
 
 H. Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply locally.— (46). 
 
 LEPROSY. — L,eprosy is endemic, i. e., present more or 
 less all the time, in many parts of the world — in the East and 
 West Indies, in China, South America and southern Africa. At 
 
3 io FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 one time it was widely spread throughout Europe and was the 
 most dreaded of all diseases, but to-day we do not fear it. We 
 have learned that it is a filth disease, and modern sanitation 
 practically disposes of it. 
 
 It is not contagious, and a case need cause no fear. Regard- 
 ing the non-contagiousness of the disease, and in support of 
 the statement that it is bred by unhealthy surroundings, we 
 quote from that recognized authority, Green's Pathology, 
 page 376: 
 
 1 ' From time immemorial leprosy has been looked upon as a 
 contagious disease, and lepers have been rigorously excluded 
 from social communities. A very superficial examination throws 
 doubt upon this, for in many cases lepers have been found to 
 live in the closest associations with healthy people without com- 
 municating the disease. Many observers have maintained that 
 the disease is communicable under certain conditions which are 
 rarely realized. It seems more difficult to prove the contagious- 
 ness of leprosy than that of consumption, and it certainly is not 
 so great. 
 
 * ' It may be noted that leprosy flourishes in all climates and 
 upon all soils; that poor diet and salt fish do not appear to be 
 special factors in its etiology or cause as some have thought; and 
 that the disease does not seem to be hereditary, although Hirsch 
 held firmly to the opposite conclusion. Children born of leprous 
 parents in leprous places may acquire the disease, but so may 
 outsiders entering such places. Possibly there may be some 
 slight hereditary predisposition analogous to that believed to 
 exist in the case of consumption. 
 
 1 ' Observers are agreed that there is constantly present in 
 all the recent primary lesions of leprosy a bacillus (germ) very 
 closely resembling in its characters the tubercle bacillus. 
 
 "The bacilli are very difficult to find, both in the neighbor- 
 hood of ulcerating surfaces and in the lungs. They are said to 
 occur in definite clumps (Hansen) , and to be thus distinguishable 
 from tubercle bacilli. 
 
 " Attempts to cultivate the organism have so generally failed 
 that the few recorded exceptions are of little value until more 
 fully confirmed. Amid conditions under which the tubercle 
 bacillus will flourish the leprosy bacillus will not even grow at 
 all. 
 
 "Nor do inoculation experiments give decisive results. In 
 the case of a criminal the disease followed inoculation — offered 
 as an alternative to execution — but the man had up to this point 
 been in frequent contact with lepers. Whether the infected 
 tissue be introduced into other parts of leprous patients or into 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 3 1 1 
 
 animals, the results are uniformly unsuccessful, though the 
 bacilli themselves are not destroyed, for they can be found 
 months afterward in the tissues." 
 
 The external evidence of this disease is first confined to the 
 skin, but later the deeper structures are involved, including 
 muscle, bone and joints. In this respect it resembles what is 
 called the third stage of syphilis. The first effects in the skin 
 are those of inflammation, and as this continues the skin becomes 
 enormously thickened. Sometimes tubercles form. These vary 
 from the size of a pea to an olive. The face, chest and extrem- 
 ities are affected most. 
 
 Cause. — Leprosy is caused by poor food, want of clothing, 
 filthy surroundings and a lack of elimination. Gradually the 
 system is brought under the morbid influence of accumulated 
 waste. The normal amount of waste is greatly increased by 
 reason of the habits and surroundings of the patient. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first appearance is a red discoloration of 
 the skin. The red gradually changes to dark brown, and later 
 becomes pale, soft and flabby. The affections appear mostly 
 upon the chest, face, ears, hands, feet, lower limbs, and the 
 external surfaces of the reproductive organs. At first the 
 affected skin is painful; later it becomes insensitive. Sometimes 
 nerve fibers become swollen. These swellings may surround 
 the nerve for some distance, attacking first the branches that sup- 
 ply the skin and later the branches that supply the muscle tissue. 
 Sometimes large eruptions make their appearance on the surface. 
 These may either dry, leaving insensible patches, or may be 
 followed by ulcers. Sooner or later ulcers form, leading to exten- 
 sive destruction, even the dropping off of fingers, toes, or a 
 portion of the limb. There is an overgrowth of connective 
 tissue. Later this degenerates and breaks down, forming 
 unhealthy matter. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 As Leprosy is the result of poor food, lack of elimination and 
 bad hygiene, it follows that it is only by correcting these errors 
 that any benefit can be obtained. Regarding internal treatment, 
 one of the best remedies that can be used is Fowler's Solution 
 taken in proper dose. 
 
 There is probably no treatment that will cure the disease 
 after it has become established. 
 
 LIVER SPOTS— CHLOASMA.— This so-called disease 
 of the skin appears in patches of a brownish color, which may be 
 any size or shape. Liver spots generally occur in those who 
 have wasting diseases, such as consumption, cancer, anaemia or 
 chlorosis. 
 
312 
 
 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is the same as that given for freckles. 
 Coming in contact with sunlight, a chemical change that results 
 in discoloration is produced in certain abnormal elements elimi- 
 nated by the skin. In liver spots a greater reason is the abnor- 
 mal condition of the blood, hence the skin lacks the natural 
 elements and thus aids in the chemical change produced by the 
 sun's rays. This accounts for the change occurring in spots 
 which correspond to the areas supplied by the terminal branches 
 of certain arteries. Spots as large as the hand may occur, and 
 sometimes the whole body becomes discolored. 
 
 Symptoms. — The only external symptom is the discoloration. 
 There is no alteration in the structure of the skin, yet, as above 
 stated, many cells lack the normal elements and contain waste, 
 which is being eliminated. Some of this waste, upon reaching 
 the surface and coming in contact with light, undergoes certain 
 chemical changes which result in the discoloration. The spots 
 are only a local manifestation of a systemic or general disease. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is constitutional. It consists in keeping the 
 bowels regular, in nourishing diet, good digestion, regular hours 
 and habits, the avoidance of all forms of excess, abundance of 
 fresh air, good ventilation in sleeping rooms, etc. The following 
 application may be applied to the spots once a day: 
 
 Oxide of Zinc i drachm. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Vaseline I ounce. 
 
 NETTLE RASH.— (See Hives). 
 
 PEMPHIGUS. — This is a disease of the skin of an inflam- 
 matory nature which is characterized with a succession of blebs 
 (see Blebs), or water blisters. It is associated with a debilitated 
 condition of the general health, and occasionally results fatally. 
 An acute attack may last for three weeks, or longer, but if the 
 affection becomes chronic, it may run for years. 
 
 Cause. — Same as that given for Acne, with the exception 
 that in pemphigus the nerves supplying the small blood vessels 
 in the skin (vaso-motor) are affected. This allows the vessels 
 to dilate, hence the exudation and formation of the vesicles, as 
 stated. 
 
 Symptoms. — The acute form is attended with constitutional 
 disturbances, the eruption being preceded with a chill and fever. 
 The number of blebs developed vary from half a dozen to a dozen 
 or more, and are filled with a fluid that soon turns yellowish and 
 thickens. They usually dry up in a few days, but only to be 
 succeeded by another crop, the succession being characteristic of 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 313 
 
 the disease. The blisters are attended with a mild burning and 
 itching. In very severe or malignant cases there are a greater 
 number of the blisters, they attain to a larger size, run together, 
 and sometimes burst, exposing a raw surface that has a tendency 
 to ulcerate. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The treatment is constitutional as well as local. Inter- 
 nally, give Fowler's Solution in 5- or 10-drop doses at meal time. 
 Care should be exercised regarding the diet, habits, hygienic sur- 
 roundings, etc. The vesicles should be opened and drained as 
 soon as formed, and the surface covered with some light dusting 
 powder — Boric Acid or starch are often used. What is better is 
 equal parts of Oxide of Zinc and Iyycopodium. Mix intimately 
 by passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 B. Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 drachm. 
 
 Powdered Starch 1 " 
 
 Salicylic Acid 10 grains. 
 
 Vaseline, enough to make 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and apply. 
 
 Keep the bowels open and give 5 grains of the 
 Sulphocarbolates 4 times a day — at meal time 
 and bedtime. 
 
 PIMPLES. — This term does not apply to any particular 
 disease or condition. Acne or blackheads are sometimes called 
 pimples. The rash appearing in scarlet fever, in eczema, or the 
 vesicles which sometimes occur in erysipelas, may be called 
 pimples. The first appearance of the rash in small-pox may 
 also be called pimples. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See under Acne. 
 
 PRICKLY HEAT— MILIARIA.— This disease receives 
 various names, according to the time of its occurrence and its 
 appearance. It is said to be due to inflammation of the sweat 
 glands, caused by retention of their contents, or by excessive 
 sweating. There are two principal varieties: Miliaria Papulosa 
 or prickly heat, in which only the papules appear, is one 
 variety. These papules contain no fluid. The other variety is 
 termed Miliaria Vesiculosa. Vesicles appear in this variety. The 
 vesicles differ from the papules as they contain fluid. While 
 this distinction is made, strictly speaking there is no dividing 
 line between these two forms of the disease, for both papules and 
 vesicles may, and usually do, occur in each case. First there is 
 dilatation of the vascular system, that is, the minute vesicles 
 about the glands become somewhat dilated and exudation is 
 
3 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 increased. The pressure prevents elimination through the ducts 
 of the glands, and the glands may then become more or less dis- 
 tended. The skin contains oil glands as well as sweat glands. 
 The exudate from the blood vessels is alkaline. It is thought by- 
 some that this alkaline exudate dissolves the oil and leaves the 
 skin dry, and is one cause for the intense itching. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is probably the same as that which pro- 
 duces Eczema. In fact, some of these cases cannot be distin- 
 guished from eczema, or if they are, it is a distinction without a 
 difference. Some conditions known as prickly heat may be 
 influenced more by hot weather than an ordinary case of eczema. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease usually comes on suddenly. Bright 
 red papules, about as large as a pin-head, appear; sweating is 
 profuse, and there is a prickling sensation — a sensation of heat 
 and itching. The disease usually occurs during the summer 
 months. It may last only a few days, or may last all summer 
 and return the next summer. It will last until the cause is 
 removed. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The patient should keep in a cool, well- ventilated room, 
 should diet for a few days, pay strict attention to the eliminations, 
 and drink a large amount of water every day. Bathe the surface 
 with a weak solution of Lead water, say y 2 ounce of Sugar of 
 L,ead to i gallon of water; or bathe with a solution of Carbolic 
 Acid and water. From 2 to 4 drachms of Carbolic Acid may be 
 added to a pint of water and the affected spot bathed with this 
 solution; follow this with clear water. Only a small surface 
 should be treated with the Carbolic Acid solution the first time, 
 so that the patient may learn about how long it is safe to bathe 
 with it in the strength given. Following the bath the surface 
 may be sprinkled with a powder made of equal parts of Oxide of 
 Zinc and I^ycopodium. These should be intimately mixed by 
 passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 B. Sponge gently with Saleratus water, then dust the body 
 with Rice powder. — (32). 
 
 C. Bathe parts thoroughly twice a day with Distilled 
 Extract Witch Hazel.— (38). 
 
 PSORIASIS. — Psoriasis is a term applied to designate 
 diseases characterized by a slight redness of the skin. There is 
 never any moisture, and the surrounding skin is natural. The 
 small red spots which may first appear are soon covered with 
 light, silver-colored scales. Under these scales the skin is thick- 
 ened from inflammation. Psoriasis is always chronic. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 315 
 
 Cause. — The disease is both systemic and local, and the 
 low form of inflammation in the affected parts of the skin is due 
 to irritants present in the circulation. As a result of the inflam- 
 mation there is an excess of blood present. This causes an 
 increase in the tissues of the part in the form of new cells, hence 
 the thickening mentioned above. Later there is an exudation 
 into the diseased area. This exudation may afterward be ab- 
 sorbed, together with many of the inflammatory products, and 
 with proper local treatment the disease may disappear for a time; 
 but it is almost sure to return. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is both local and general. Internally, give 5 
 or 10 drops of Fowler's Solution before meals; or, what is more 
 convenient, put 2 drachms of Fowler's Solution into a 4 ounce 
 bottle, add 1 ounce of Glycerine and fill the bottle with water. 
 Mix by shaking together and give 1 teaspoonful before meals. 
 The bowels should be regulated. Also give 5 grains of the 
 Sulphocarbolates (see Index) three times a day. Careful atten- 
 tion should be paid to diet and proper hygienic surroundings, and 
 good ventilation should be provided. The patient should not 
 try to work beyond his strength. On the other hand, where the 
 disease affects those who perform no manual labor, or take no 
 exercise, they should change their habits. They should take 
 physical training, or by some means secure a reasonable amount 
 of active exercise. 
 
 L,ocally, apply the following: 
 
 Pyrogalic Acid x / 2 drachm. 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix intimately. 
 
 RINGWORM.— This is a parasitic affection of the skin, 
 causing inflammation and eruption, and called by various terms 
 according to its location and character. It derives its name from 
 the way in which it is developed: Beginning at a certain point, 
 the parasitic growth spreads rapidly into a circular patch, the 
 peculiarity being that as the patch increases in size it heals at 
 the center, thus leaving the eruption ring-shaped. It is a highly 
 contagious affection. 
 
 Cause. — Due to a minute animal parasite. Tinea means 
 worm. 
 
 Ringworm of the Body — Tinea Circinata. — This variety 
 begins with a spot of pimples, small, reddish and scaly. The 
 eruption may not be circular in form at the outset, but rapidly 
 becomes so. , The pimples may remain scaly, or may change into 
 vesicles. If there is more than one patch of the eruption v the 
 
3i6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 rings as they develop may run into each other, making a patch 
 of rings, the circles being eruptive and the intervening skin 
 normally healthy, looking at a little distance not unlike a piece 
 of colored embroidery work. Circinata is confined almost en- 
 tirely to children, although adults are sometimes afflicted with a 
 chronic and very obstinate form of the disease about the thighs 
 which is complicated with true eczema and is attended with 
 intense itching. 
 
 Ringworm of the Scalp — Tinea Tonsurans. — This form 
 of ringworm is also largely confined to children. Patches of 
 pimples come out on the scalp and increase in size, sometimes 
 becoming as large as a silver dollar. These spots have the same 
 characteristics as those developed in Circinata, with the addition 
 of a stubbled appearance caused by the hair, which breaks off 
 near the roots. The hair follicles, too, stand out, giving the 
 pimpled appearance seen in a fowl from which the feathers have 
 been plucked. It is always attended with itching, and may be- 
 come chronic. Proper treatment, however, will destroy the 
 parasites, and, this accomplished, the hair grows again. 
 
 Ringworm of the Beard — Barber's Itch — Tinea Sycosis. 
 
 — This begins with the scaly, reddish pimpled patches charac- 
 teristic of ringworm, but with it is a tendency of the flesh to 
 become lumpy. These lumps do not give any pain, except 
 upon pressure, and if a cure is effected early, they disappear 
 altogether without leaving any scar. The hair breaks off, as in 
 To?isu?ans y or drops out, and the skin has a dark, purplish hue. 
 If the disease is allowed to run, pustules form and discharge and 
 are succeeded by thick crusts. Itching and burning are con- 
 stant. It is particularly obstinate to treatment. It may be 
 communicated by using the razor or shaving apparatus of any 
 one afflicted with it, hence the name, Barber's Itch. 
 
 There is also another form of Barber 's Itch of a purulent 
 character. This makes its appearance in pimples of a pale 
 yellowish color which maturate at the top, and which are found, 
 upon examination, to be pierced with a hair. The eruption is 
 preceded with a painful sensation of heat and tightness. If not 
 given proper treatment, it may last for months or years. 
 
 Honey-combed Ringworm — Tinea Favosa. — This is 
 another variety of ringworm — one that is confined almost entirely 
 to the lower classes. It is not very common in this country. It 
 may attack the skin, the nails, or the hair and hair follicles 
 — usually the latter, and is sometimes called Scald Head. It de- 
 velops in crusts of a pale yellow color. These are small and 
 cup-shaped, and, if affecting the scalp, the common seat of the 
 disease, are each pierced with a hair. In severe or neglected 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. 3 1 7 
 
 cases abscesses form under the crusts. The hair loses its luster, 
 becomes brittle, sometimes splits lengthwise, and breaks off or 
 falls out. If the disease is not cured, the follicles will become 
 entirely destroyed and permanent baldness result. When 
 the nails are affected, they thicken and become brittle and are 
 yellowish in color. The disease has a peculiar odor, something 
 like musty straw. 
 
 The reader can easily recognize those skin diseases which 
 can be successfully treated without a doctor. They embrace the 
 various forms of ringworm described, and in many respects their 
 appearance is the same. The various forms of ringworm differ 
 only in name and location All are caused by the same minute 
 form of animal life, and all require the same treatment. They 
 may commence as a small scaly surface, may be papules and later 
 vesicles, or, if not treated, even pustules may form. All forms of 
 ringworm differ from eczema and erysipelas as they lack the 
 inflammatory appearance. When they occur on the scalp or in 
 the beard, the hair is brittle and breaks off, or is easily pulled 
 out. Eczema does not affect the hair. 
 
 The most important diagnostic feature is the well defined 
 border presented by ringworm, barber's itch, etc. At the edge 
 the diseased patch meets the healthy skin on a definite line. 
 The patch rapidly grows in size and new patches appear at 
 frequent intervals. Whenever these conditions are met, the 
 reader can rest assured that it is ringworm in some form — which 
 form makes no particular difference. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. One application of the following will cure any and all 
 cases: Take a piece of soft cloth and apply Formaldehyde. Be 
 careful to apply only to the diseased surface and rub it in well. 
 Formaldehyde can be secured at any drug store. The following 
 ointment will also cure: 
 
 Arnmoniated Mercury (also called 
 
 White Precipitate) 45 grains. 
 
 Sulphur 3 drachms. 
 
 Vaseline enough to make 1 ounce. 
 
 Apply twice a day. First thoroughly cleanse 
 
 the surface, rub the ointment in well and allow 
 
 the application to extend a little beyond the 
 
 diseased border. 
 
 B. The following simple remedy is warranted to cure any 
 case: Take a good Havana cigar- — one that makes white ashes. 
 Smoke the cigar and spread all over the ringworm and around 
 the edges, after first having dampened the surface so that the 
 ashes will stick. Keep the eruption constantly covered in this 
 way. — (70). 
 
318 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 C. Beta Naphthol 20 grains. 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and rub into ringworm night and 
 morning. 
 
 D. Bathe the ringworm with warm water and dry, then 
 bathe with Acetic Acid. Repeat next day if necessary. — (32). 
 
 Barber's Itch. — 
 
 E. Sulphur 1 drachm. 
 
 Iodoform */ z drachm. 
 
 I<ard 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix well and apply once a day. — (70). 
 
 Note. — Sulphur acts mechanically. It closes the pores of the skin and 
 shuts out the air. The parasites are unable to live without air, hence soon 
 die. Sulphur is harmless, and to insure success a liberal supply should be 
 used — from 2 to 3 drachms to the ounce of lard. 
 
 F. Corrosive Sublimate 5 grains. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. Wet sore night and morning, follow- 
 ing in five minutes with: 
 
 Calomel x /z drachm. 
 
 Cosmoline 1 ounce. 
 
 Note. — A stronger solution of Corrosive Sublimate may have to be 
 used — up to 10 grains to ounce of water. Always label it Poison^ and in 
 using be careful to protect the eyes, nose and mouth.. — (13). 
 
 G. Resinol ointment applied three times daily. — (45). 
 H. Pack the face with gauze saturated with a solution of 
 Corrosive Sublimate — 1 part Sublimate to 250 parts water. — 
 
 (10). 
 
 I. Carbolic Acid, strong solution 10 drops. 
 
 Mutton Tallow 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix, and rub together thoroughly. 
 Apply lather to face and wash off, then apply ointment. 
 This must be done night and morning till cured. — (14). 
 
 J. Paint once daily with Tincture of Iodine until small 
 blisters arise; then keep well anointed with Vaseline. — (4). 
 
 ROSE RASH, or ROSEOLA.— Roseola is not a term 
 that can be applied to any particular disease. Erythema or 
 Roseola means a reddish discoloration. The term can be applied 
 to the rash in scarlet fever, or it can be applied to any condition 
 or redness resulting from mechanical irritation. 
 
 SALT RHEUM.— (See Eczema). 
 
 SHINGLES — HERPES. — Herpes is a name given to a 
 gradual eruption of the skin and the formation of groups of 
 vesicles, said to be situated on an inflamed base. The skin is 
 inflamed and constitutes the base referred to. When the eruption 
 takes a circular course, commencing at or near the median line 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 319 
 
 (center of the body) in the back and extending around the waist 
 to a point near the median line in front (usually on one side 
 only), it is called Herpes Zoster. Herpes means creeping — the 
 eruption comes out gradually; zoster means girdle — the eruption 
 partially encircles the waist. 
 
 The eruption follows the course of one or more of the nerves 
 which supply the skin over the chest or waist. These nerves 
 have their origin in the spinal cord, follow the course of the ribs 
 on either side and meet in front. The skin covering the course 
 taken by the nerves is supplied by small branches, frequently 
 given off from them. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is the same as that which produces 
 rheumatism and neuralgia. As stated under Sciatic Rheumatism , 
 the nerve fibers are supplied with blood vessels. The irritation 
 present in the circulation first causes congestion of these vessels, 
 and this causes pressure and pain. The same condition extends 
 along the branches of fibers of the affected nerves that supply 
 the skin, the vessels become congested, and a watery exudate 
 results; hence the appearance of the vesicles. 
 
 Symptoms. — The eruption already mentioned. There is 
 also more or less pain. In some cases the patient is decidedly 
 nervous. The eruption may occur in groups or bunches scat- 
 tered along the course of the nerve, and is accompanied by a 
 burning, itching sensation. The fever is slight. The vesicles, 
 which are surrounded by an inflamed area, are usually about the 
 size of a pin-head; sometimes they are considerably larger. They 
 may be separated, or may run together, forming irregular 
 patches. The vesicles continue until about the fifth or eighth 
 day, and then gradually dry up. At the end of two weeks or 
 less they have entirely disappeared. Herpes may follow the 
 course of other nerves and may occur in various places during an 
 attack of neuralgia. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — Exclude the air by some simple covering. 
 Abstain from pork and all irritating articles of diet. Keep the 
 bowels open with a teaspoonful each of Epsom Salts and Cream 
 of Tartar, taken night and morning. Keep patient inside the 
 house, and sponge the body with an alkaline wash, such as Soda 
 water — 1 tablespoonful to 2 quarts of water, or Muriate of 
 Ammonia — 2 teaspoonfuls to 2 quarts of water. 
 
 If patient is in great pain, give from 8 to 10 drops of Laud- 
 anum. The Laudanum may be repeated in from two to four 
 hours, if necessary in order to keep the patient quiet. 
 
 In severe cases it will probably be advisable to have a 
 doctor. 
 
320 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 A. Give an active cathartic. The patient should diet for a 
 few days. Give 10 grains of Salol or 10 grains of the Sulpho- 
 carbolates four times a day — at meal time and bedtime. Eat no 
 meat, but restrict to a vegetable diet only ; and avoid every 
 article of food that creates any disturbance or causes the slightest 
 symptom of indigestion. Where evidence of digestive disturb- 
 ances are present, give the following: 
 
 Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Muriatic Acid, pure }4 " 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Fowler's Solution %, 
 
 Aromatic Cascara 2 drachms. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 
 Also give the following: 
 
 Acetanilid yi drachm. 
 
 Salicylate of Soda 1 *' 
 
 Mix, divide into 12 powders, and give one 
 powder every three hours. Fresh air is also of 
 the greatest importance. 
 
 B. Apply to the eruption the following: 
 
 Morphine Sulphate 4 grains. 
 
 Carbolic Acid , 6 " 
 
 Glycerine ....o 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. 
 Also give 5 grains of Quinine every four hours. 
 -(35). 
 
 C. Corrosive Sublimate..... 1 drachm. 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. Touch the parts very slightly with a 
 little cotton on the end of a match, then put 
 cotton all around the waist and tie on with a 
 bandage. Label bottle Poison. — (20). 
 
 TETTER.— (See Eczema). 
 
 SOMNAMBULISM — SLEEP-WALKING.— This is a 
 
 state wherein the individual is in the habit, more or less frequent, 
 of walking during sleep. The unusual condition of mind, or of 
 brain, inducing such activity, prompts the individual to perform 
 many acts that would be extremely difficult during the waking 
 hours. The acts which are unconsciously performed during 
 oleep, and which belong to the waking state, may include walk- 
 ing; riding, climbing, etc. The movements are precise and 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 321 
 
 certain. They sometimes lead the individual into positions of 
 difficulty and seeming peril, but, although unconscious, he pos- 
 sesses a knowledge of surrounding objects and adapts himself to 
 the conditions with seeming ease, in fact, his senses are especially 
 acute. 
 
 Cause. — This has never been determined, or satisfactorily 
 explained. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Regarding treatment, very little is said along this line by 
 medical writers; however, we recommend the following, which is 
 perfectly harmless and may enable the individual to overcome 
 this unpleasant feature: 
 
 Bromide of Soda ^ ounce. 
 
 Chloral 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take a teaspoonfnl every hour for 
 three hours before going to bed. 
 
 SPASMS.— (See Convulsions). 
 
 SPERMATORRHEA.— (See Nocturnal Emissions). 
 
 SPINAL MENINGITIS.— (See Cerebrospinal Meningitis 
 under Brain Diseases) . 
 
 SPINE CLEFT. — This is a dilatation, either of the mem- 
 branes covering the spinal cord, or of the spinal cord and mem- 
 branes together. It is congenital, i. e., exists from birth, and is 
 usually accompanied with Hydrocephalus, or Water on the Brain 
 (see under Dropsy). These tumors received different names, 
 according to their size and the part of the cord of which they are 
 formed. Sometimes they become as large as a child's head. 
 
 Cause. — Extending from the skull downward through the 
 spinal column is an opening which contains the spinal cord. A 
 defect in one or more of the bones forming the spinal column 
 leaves an opening through which the cord protrudes. The trouble 
 usually occurs in that part of the spinal column situated in the 
 small of the back. The tumor may include only the membranes 
 covering the cord, or may include both cord and membranes. In 
 either case there is more or less fluid present. 
 
 Symptoms. — Presence of the tumor. Crying or coughing 
 renders the covering of the tumor tense and firm. It is small at 
 the point where it makes its exit through the spinal opening, its 
 size corresponding to the defect in the bones. The membranes 
 immediately dilate, however, and are filled with fluid the same as 
 that contained in the spinal column. Situated in the center of 
 
 31 
 
322 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the spinal cord, and extending through its entire length, is a 
 small opening. This is called the spinal canal; it is filled with 
 spinal fluid. Sometimes this canal may become dilated. In this 
 case the tumor would be formed both of the cord and its cover- 
 ings. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. When the tumor is small, bandaging is recommended. If 
 there is much fluid present, it should be drawn off with an aspir- 
 ating needle and the tumor injected with a 10 per cent solution 
 of Iodoform in Glycerine, or with the following: 
 
 Iodine Crystals 10 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potash...., 30 " 
 
 Dissolve in a few drops of water, and add 
 Glycerine, 1 ounce. 
 
 The purpose of such treatment is to cause an inflammation 
 within the walls of the tumor, with the result that permanent 
 healing will take place. 
 
 This and other treatments are recommended, yet without 
 much hope of effecting a cure. These cases nearly always prove 
 fatal. 
 
 B. Take 1 teaspoonful each of Epsom Salts and Cream of 
 Tartar three times a day to keep the bowels active. Get Buchu 
 leaves, steep to get the strength, and strain. Drink of the tea 
 three times a day — morning, noon and night. These remedies 
 will stimulate the action of the bowels and kidneys and aid in 
 draining the system of fluids, thus relieving the tumor inasmuch 
 as it is composed largely of a watery fluid. 
 
 SPLEEN, ACUTE INFLAMMATION OR ACUTE 
 ENLARGEMENT OF. — In this disease the spleen enlarges 
 rapidly and becomes more or less sensitive to the touch. 
 
 Cause. — Poisons, which may result from cancer, typhoid 
 fever, malignant pustule and other conditions where the blood 
 becomes unhealthy and vicious. 
 
 Another reason for enlargement of the spleen, as stated else- 
 where, is the large blood supply which this organ receives. 
 The blood vessels supplying it are larger in proportion to its size 
 than those supplying most other organs. Again, circulation is 
 not carried on through the spleen the same as through other 
 organs, but the blood flows through channels, or sinuses, which 
 are formed in the spleen itself. This brings the effects of the 
 irritating blood in direct contact with the splenic tissue. 
 
 Symptoms. — Enlargement in the left side, tenderness on 
 pressure, and sometimes the formation of pus. In case of pus 
 formation there would be chills and an elevation of temperature. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 323 
 
 As a result of the inflammation, there is an overgrowth of the 
 tissues of which the spleen is constituted. This is called Splenic 
 Pulp. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. If there is pus, the abscess should be opened and washed 
 out with some disinfectant solution. Peroxide of Hydrogen 
 would be valuable. Proper drainage should be secured and e very- 
 attention given to diet and hygiene. Hydrochlorate of Berberine 
 is said to be one of the best remedies for enlargement of the 
 spleen. Give li grain doses three times a day, 
 
 B. Steep up Boneset until it makes a strong tea, strain, and 
 let the patient drink freely each day. Make a strong tea of Senna 
 leaves, strain, and drink a wineglassful every three hours until 
 the bowels move freely. A bath should be taken once a day 
 followed by brisk friction. An irritating plaster, such as a 
 Mustard plaster, should be applied to the side. Moderate exercise 
 in the open air and a nourishing diet are beneficial. 
 
 Chronic Enlargement of the Spleen.— This may follow 
 repeated attacks of the acute, and may also be caused by malaria 
 or tuberculosis. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If enlargement results from chronic diseases, see treatment 
 under the proper head. 
 
 STAMMERING.— Stammering or Stutteting is a condition 
 in which the patient in his efforts to talk hesitates, and there is a 
 spasmodic and uncontrollable repetition of the same word or 
 words. There is an earnest effort to speak, but persistence only 
 increases the nervous tension and causes greater delay. 
 
 Cause. — Unknown . 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The only chance of benefiting this condition rests with the 
 stammerer himself. He should practice speaking slowly, word 
 by word, and cease trying to speak for a few minutes as soon as 
 tis speech becomes interrupted. Schools for stammerers have 
 been established. 
 
DISEASES OF THE STOMACH. 
 
 DIGESTBON. 
 
 The process of digestion is one of those organic functions 
 which are directly concerned in maintaining the life of the indi- 
 vidual. Digestion prepares or modifies food, and renders it in a 
 condition suitable to be passed into the circulation and appropri- 
 ated by the various organs and tissues of the body. Digestion 
 is the splitting- up of the food products into simpler forms. It 
 is a process of fermentation which is accomplished by certain 
 principles of the digestive tract called ferments. 
 
 The Salivary Glands. — These glands are six in number. 
 One is placed on each side of the neck just beneath the jaw; one 
 on each side of the mouth just beneath the mucous membrane; 
 and the parotid glands , which are the largest and most important, 
 are situated one on each side just in front of and at the lower 
 border of the ear. The saliva is a product of the salivary glands, 
 and furnishes the first ferment, ptyalin (tyalin) , which has the 
 power of converting starch into glucose, or grape sugar. 
 
 The Stomach. — This organ is a dilatation of the digestive 
 tract. Its size varies in different people. Its average size when 
 empty is about 10 inches in length and 3 inches in width, 
 and its weight is about 4 or 5 ounces. It is capable of great 
 distension. The stomach and whole digestive tract, including 
 the mouth and throat, are lined with mucous membrane. The 
 glands which supply the stomach and which furnish the digestive 
 fluid are placed in this membrane. These glands furnish three 
 ferments: 1, hydrochloric {muriatic) acid, which acts first upon 
 the food, converting albumen into a substance called peptones; 2, 
 pepsin, which converts the peptones into soluble albumen; and 3, 
 an unnamed fey ment which has the power of curdling milk. 
 
 The Pancreas. — The pancreas is the next organ concerned 
 in digestion. It is from 6 to 8 inches long, about i*A inches 
 wide, and weighs from 3 to 6 ounces. It is placed transversely 
 across the back part of the abdominal cavity behind the stomach. 
 The end pointing to the left is in relation with the spleen; the 
 end pointing to the right is in relation with the digestive tract 
 just below the lower end of the stomach. The pancreas furnishes 
 four ferments, which together are called pancreatin. Separately, 
 
 324 
 
^mm? 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 i, First Rib (cut off). 2, Left Lung. 3, Apex of Heart. 4, Right 
 Lung, upper lobe. 5, Right Lung, middle lobe. 6, Right Lung, lower 
 lobe. 7, Liver. 8, Membranous covering of the Bowels. 9, Bowels. 
 10. Stomach. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 325 
 
 they are as follows: amylopsin, which converts starch into sugar; 
 tripsin, which, like pepsin, converts albumen into peptones or 
 soluble albumen; steapsin, which decomposes fats into glycerine 
 and fatty acids; and an unnamed ferment, which, like that of the 
 stomach, has the power of curdling milk. 
 
 The Liver. — This organ, which is described elsewhere, 
 furnishes bile, which aids in emulsifying fats, stimulates the 
 secretions of the small bowel, increases bowel movement and 
 prevents decomposition. 
 
 The Small Bowel. — This part of the digestive tract has 
 numerous glands scattered throughout its length, and these 
 glands secrete a fluid which is called succus enteticus. This fluid 
 also contains digestive ferments. 
 
 The First Act of Digestion. — The first process is that of 
 the ptyalin upon starch, the product of which is grape sugar, 
 therefore, thorough mastication of food is of great importance. 
 Whoever fails to thoroughly mix what he eats with saliva and its 
 ptyalin courts dyspepsia by hindering other subsequent acts of 
 digestion. One part of ptyalin, at the temperature of the human 
 body, will convert two thousand times its own weight of cooked 
 starch into grape sugar. 
 
 The Second Act of Digestion. — The food carries the 
 saliva and its ptyalin into the stomach, where its action is con- 
 tinued. When food reaches the stomach, it stimulates the 
 glands of that organ and its digestive fluid begins to flow. It 
 appears in little drops and trickles down the mucous membrane 
 which lines the stomach. The saliva is alkaline; the fluids of 
 the stomach are acid. The saliva continues to act upon the 
 food until its alkaline properties are overcome by the acid of the 
 stomach. This is usually about three-quarters of an hour. 
 This time is given up to starch digestion. If the saliva does not 
 get well mixed with the food, as in rapid eating, the starch will 
 be but poorly digested and dsypepsia be likely to follow. 
 
 The Third Act of Digestion. — This is begun when the 
 alkali of the saliva has been neutralized by the acid of the 
 stomach. The gastric juice exerts no influence on grape or cane 
 sugar, starch or fat; it acts upon albumen only. When the 
 alkali of the saliva has become neutralized, the hydrochloric 
 acid and pepsin of the gastric fluid commence their action on the 
 different albuminoids and convert them into peptones, which 
 means albumen in a soluble form, that is, so that it may be 
 absorbed into the circulation. The hydrochloric acid first partially 
 changes the albumen into peptones, and this action is immediately 
 followed by the pepsin, which renders the change more or less 
 complete. 
 
326 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The Fourth Act of Digestion- As fast as the stomach 
 completes its work the resulting products are passed on and the 
 ferments of the pancreas are called into use. These, together 
 with the bile, enter the digestive tract about 3J4' inches below 
 the stomach. The amylopsin of the pancreatic fluid supple- 
 ments the action of the ptyalin of the saliva, and converts any 
 remaining starch into grape sugar, acting much more quickly 
 than ptyalin. 
 
 As stated above, the fluids of the stomach convert albumen 
 into peptones, but the change may not be complete. Tripsin, the 
 chief of the pancreatic ferments, completes this change. 
 
 The steapsin of the pancreatic fluid, and the bile, together 
 emulsify fats and separate the different fatty acids and glycerine 
 (fats contain glycerine). The acids, meeting the alkalies — 
 soda, potash, lime, etc. — contained in foods, form soapy solutions. 
 These solutions are absorbed into the lymphatics, a system of 
 vessels which conveys some of the products of digestion to the 
 heart, where they are sent through the lungs for oxidation and 
 then enter the general circulation. The bile is also a powerful 
 aid in preventing putrefaction, and stimulates bowel movement. 
 
 The Fifth Act of Digestion. — This is taken up by the 
 secretion, succus entetiais, of the small bowel, which acts upon 
 starch, fats and albumen, and aids in making digestion still more 
 complete. 
 
 The Last Act of Digestion. — A part of the products of 
 digestion are carried direct to the liver, where this organ further 
 elaborates upon the digestive changes. It is aided in this work 
 by a digestive fluid secreted in the spleen and emptied by the 
 veins of the spleen into the liver. 
 
 Disposition of the Products. — The process of digestion 
 completed, the resulting products are carried by the liver veins 
 to the ascending vena cava, a large vein which empties into the 
 right side of the heart. The products of digestion carried by 
 the lymphatics, already mentioned, also empty into the right 
 side of the heart, being carried by the thoracic duct, which com- 
 mences just below the diaphragm and passes up through the 
 chest cavity. 
 
 The Higher Forms of Digestion. — From the right side 
 of the heart the venous blood containing the digested food is 
 sent through the lungs for oxidation. This blood receives about 
 five per cent of the oxygen from the air which enters the lungs. 
 It is then returned to the left side of the heart and sent out 
 through the general circulation to supply the needs of the body. 
 The blood contains ferments which induce important digestive 
 changes. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 327 
 
 INDIGESTION— DYSPEPSIA.— The great majority of 
 stomach troubles come under the head of Indigestion or Dyspepsia, 
 meaning some disturbance of that part of the digestion carried on 
 in the stomach. When there is an excess of acid present in the 
 gastric fluid, it is called Acidity of the Stomach; when the secre- 
 tions are abundant and unhealthy, it is called Catarrhal Indiges- 
 tion. 
 
 Cause. — These and other conditions are simply the result of 
 certain kinds of food, the excessive use of alcoholic liquors, or 
 any other causes or conditions resulting in indigestion. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of Dyspepsia are loss of appetite, 
 flatulency (wind on the stomach) with eructations, bad taste in 
 the mouth, coated tongue, foul breath, sense of fullness, soreness 
 and pain with a feeling of weight in the stomach, pain on 
 pressure, and a raw or burning feeling in the stomach and 
 behind the chest bone. In an acute attack there is nausea, 
 and sometimes vomiting. The ejected matter may contain more 
 or less undigested food. I^oss of appetite is more marked during 
 an acute attack ; at other times it may be excessive. Constipa- 
 tion is generally present, or may be alternated with diarrhea. 
 
 There is drowsiness after meals, headache, and palpitation, 
 or tumultuous heart action. Sometimes the heart is weak and 
 fluttering. Undigested food may lie in the stomach for hours or 
 days, and this may give the stomach control over the mental 
 faculties and result in low spirits and evil forebodings. The 
 sufferer becomes irritable and is unable to sleep, or is troubled 
 with bad dreams. 
 
 Where indigestion occurs in the digestive tract, there is pain 
 and soreness two or three hours after eating. If gas forms in the 
 bowels, there is a sense of fullness and bloating. If long con- 
 tinued, the sufferer will become greatly emaciated from lack of 
 nourishment. In some cases congestion extends along the 
 mucous membrane lining the duct leading to the gall bladder. 
 This checks the flow of bile and results in jaundice. If the bile 
 cannot pass off through the natural channel, the bowels, Nature 
 eliminates by some other means. A part is eliminated by the 
 skin, giving the characteristic yellow color, and digestion suffers 
 still more. Congestion or swelling of the mucous membrane 
 lining the duct leading to the gall bladder would also prevent the 
 flow of the pancreatic fluid, because the pancreatic duct empties 
 into or joins the duct leading from the gall bladder just before it 
 reaches the digestive tract; this would also interfere with diges- 
 tion, and emaciation would be increased. We give below a list 
 of remedies recommended for Dyspepsia or Indigestion, remedies 
 that have been furnished by many representative physicians, yet 
 
328 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 we wish to state that medicinal treatment alone will not cure this 
 trouble. The cure is largely in the hands of the sufferer, and 
 can be expressed in one word, — diet. 
 
 At present physical training is being encouraged by many 
 physicians for many diseases. Such training is recommended in 
 place of drugs. In many cases patients are advised to abstain 
 from food for one, two or three days, or as long as they are will- 
 ing to submit, and we believe that in cases of dyspepsia, following 
 such advice and afterward exercising care in matters of food 
 and drink will result in more benefit than any other known 
 method. 
 
 We recall one case in particular, where the patient suffered 
 all the pangs and miseries ever produced by this disease, and was 
 permanently cured by the following method: Abstinence from all 
 food for one week. The patient drank a considerable quantity of 
 I^ime Water every day, which was the only thing taken into the 
 stomach. The time Water was made fresh each day. The 
 patient was a strong man, yet the treatment was a severe test of 
 his physical strength. We saw him frequently, and have reason 
 to believe that his claim of abstinence was true. We were also 
 more or less associated with him during the next fifteen months, 
 and during that time there was never the slightest evidence of 
 dyspepsia or any form of stomach trouble. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Usually an active cathartic is of benefit. A restricted diet, 
 and in many cases the avoidance of all food for twenty-four 
 hours, is of great advantage. One glass of milk and Lime Water, 
 equal parts, taken once in four hours for two or three days, will 
 sustain the patient and insure the stomach a much -needed rest. 
 Commence feeding by giving rice which has been boiled for three 
 hours; or boil oatmeal for the same length of time, strain, and 
 use only the liquid part. Also soft cooked eggs, dry toast, etc. , 
 may be taken. These should be taken at regular intervals and 
 only in small amounts until there is a marked improvement. 
 After each meal take i teaspoonful of the following: 
 
 Scale Pepsin (i to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, 
 
 pure ]/z " 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus 3 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 4 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 329 
 
 Or, after each meal and at bedtime take 10 grains of L,acto- 
 peptin, manufactured by the New York Pharmacal Co., also 10 
 grains of Subnitrate of Bismuth — four doses a day. These may 
 be taken together. 
 
 In all cases of indigestion, restrict the amount of food until 
 the patient thoroughly understands the definition of the word 
 hunger. Avoid fatigue or overwork, secure an abundance of 
 fresh air and proper exercise and keep the bowels regular. 
 
 B. In case of weak stomach, with sluggish liver, coated 
 
 tongue, bad taste in the mouth, especially in the morning, or 
 
 pain after eating, there is nothing better than the following: 
 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica 2 drachins. 
 
 Nitro Muriatic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Elixir Lactated Pepsin 1 ounce. 
 
 Fluid Extract of Dandelion 2 ounces . 
 
 Infusion Columbo, add to make.. 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful diluted after 
 each meal. 
 
 Also when there is gas in the stomach or intestines the 
 
 following is very beneficial: 
 
 Charcoal 24 grains. 
 
 Pepsin 30 " 
 
 Bicarbonate of Soda 24 " 
 
 Mix, make into 12 capsules and take 1 after 
 eating, or whenever needed. 
 
 The bowels should be kept free with 10 to 15 drops of Fluid 
 Extract of Cascara before breakfast, as this not only relieves but 
 cures constipation. The dose may be increased or decreased as 
 suits the needs of the individual. 
 
 The diet should consist of easily digested mixed foods- 
 vegetables, stewed and roasted meats, soft boiled eggs, etc. 
 Avoid coffee. — (78). 
 
 C. Gum Myrrh, powdered 1 ounce. 
 
 Columbo, " 1 " 
 
 Gentian, " 1 
 
 Rhubarb Root, " 1 
 
 Cubebs, " 1 " 
 
 Pepper, " 1 " 
 
 Peruvian Bark, " 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 24 ounces. 
 
 Water 8 " 
 
 Mix the Alcohol and water and add the 
 powders. I^et stand for ten days, shaking the 
 bottle frequently, then strain through a piece 
 of fine muslin. If the muslin is folded in 
 several thicknesses, it will leave the prepara- 
 tion fieer from sediment. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful in a little water, milk, 
 tea or coffee, twenty minutes before meals. — 
 
 (66). 
 
330 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 D. Pepsin, Fairchild's Essence 2 ounces. 
 
 Pancreatin, Essence of 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture Nux Vomica 2 drachms. 
 
 Tincture Phosphorous 1 drachm. 
 
 Elixir Calisaya Bark and Iron 
 
 enough to make — 6 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after each 
 meal, 
 
 or, 
 
 Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid, diluted 3 drachms. 
 
 Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2^ " 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of %, drachm, 
 
 Mix, and take ]/ 2 teaspoonful in water 
 before and after each meal. — (53). 
 
 E. Eat regularly, not to exceed three meals a day, and avoid 
 anything that is found to disagree with the stomach. Take 
 regular, systematic exercise — not once, but three times daily, 
 lasting from two to three hours after each meal. To take a cold 
 sponge bath and rub down with a coarse towel two hours after 
 meals is the best substitute for exercise. Very little medication 
 is needed. 
 
 F. Diluted Hydrochloric Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Tincture Nux Vomica % " 
 
 Mix. Take 20 drops in water just after 
 meals. — (11). 
 
 G. Tincture Nux Vomica 4 drachms. 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid y 2 drachm. 
 
 Peppermint Water 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before each 
 meal; or take Elixir Lactopeptine — teaspoonful 
 before meals and at bedtime. — (46). 
 
 Acidity of the Stomach. — Normally, during digestion the 
 fluid of the stomach contains two-tenths of one per cent of hydro- 
 chloric acid. In case of acidity of the stomach it may contain 
 many times this amount, and may also contain lactic acid, acetic 
 acid, and perhaps many other acids. It is these acids that 
 produce the burning sensation known as heartburn. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Bicarbonate of Soda 2 drachms. 
 
 Tincture Nux Vomica 3 " 
 
 Compound Tincture Gentian 3 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make... 6 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful before meals 
 and at bedtime. 
 
 B. Baking Soda, ^ to 1 teaspoonful dissolved in Vz glass oi 
 water. Take all at once. — (45). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 331 
 
 C. Dilute Nitro-Hydrochloric Acid... 3 drachms. 
 Tincture of Nux Vomica 2 " 
 
 Mix, and take 5 drops before meals and 5 
 drops after meals. Keep the bowels regular. 
 
 -(53). 
 
 D. One-half to 1 teaspoonful of baking Soda in ^ of a glass 
 of water. Repeat in one hour until there is relief. — (9). 
 
 E. Eat slowly. Avoid sweets. Keep the bowels loose. 
 Take Milk of Magnesia (proprietary) in teaspoonful doses every 
 two hours until relieved. — (17). 
 
 F. Lime Water in teaspoonful doses every three hours. 
 Teaspoonful doses of Fairchild's Essence of Pepsin after each 
 meal. — (7). 
 
 Catarrhal Indigestion. — Where the secretions of the 
 stomach contain a good deal of mucus, showing a catarrhal con- 
 dition, it is always well to start with a clear field. Give an 
 emetic — 1 teaspoonful of Syrup of Ipecac every ten minutes until 
 vomiting takes place. When the patient vomits, have him 
 drink large quanties of water containing a little baking Soda — 
 drink a pint or a quart, if possible. This will have a tendency 
 to wash out the stomach. Next give an active cathartic — 1 or 2 
 tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil, or the same amount of Seidlitz Salts, 
 or any other laxative desired, remembering that the action 
 should be thorough. Abstain from all food for twenty-four hours, 
 then give the same treatment as advised under Indigestion. 
 Where the stomach contains a large amount of unhealthy 
 exudate in the form of mucus, the patient should drink ^ to 1 
 pint of hot water one hour before meals. 
 
 DILATATION OF THE STOMACH— CHRONI C 
 INDIGESTION. — In this disease there is an increase in the 
 size of the organ. The enlargement continues until the muscle 
 walls lose their power to contract, and remain permanently 
 dilated. In this condition the stomach contains more or less 
 fluid and an unhealthy mucous exudate, and chronic dyspepsia is 
 the result. 
 
 Cause \ — Dilatation of the stomach always results from 
 chronic indigestion from some cause. It follows cancer when 
 the cancer is situated near the opening into the small bowel, as 
 the growth prevents the passage of the food and the unhealthy 
 condition interferes with digestion. Decomposition follows with 
 
332 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the production of many gases, and dilatation results. In any 
 case of chronic indigestion the same decomposition, gas forma- 
 tion and dilatation may follow. 
 
 Changes That Occur During Chronic Indigestion. — When 
 resulting from indigestion following the prolonged use of alcohol, 
 there is first congestion of the vessels supplying the stomach, and 
 this results in a low form of inflammation and an overgrowth of 
 the connective tissue. The contraction of this tissue destroys 
 the glands that furnish the digestive fluid. Some may be 
 entirely obliterated, others are closed, and the openings of others 
 are narrowed and their action more or less interefered with. 
 Blood vessels are caught in the contracting fibers, circulation is 
 lessened or shut off, the part supplied by such vessels atrophies — 
 shrinks — and degeneration follows. At first the mucous membrane 
 and deeper structures are thickened and swollen. The secretions 
 are changed in quantity and quality, the natural fluids are 
 lessened, and in places the first layer of cells covering the mem- 
 brane are piled up in polypoid growths. These appear like little 
 tumors or mounds, giving the surface an uneven appearance. 
 In other places the mucous membrane may be largely replaced 
 by the new connective tissue overgrowth. When these changes 
 are complete, the walls of the stomach are thinned, as much of 
 the natural tissue has been destroyed and the new tissue is 
 shrunken and hardened. When dilatation of the stomach results 
 from indigestion from other causes, the change is not so marked 
 as when resulting from the prolonged use of alcohol. There is 
 not so much destruction of the mucous membrane, but the mem- 
 brane remains thickened and swollen and a chronic catarrhal 
 condition results; yet in all forms the stomach may be dilated 
 and contain more or less fluid and an unhealthy mucous secretion, 
 also more or less undigested food. 
 
 Symptoms. — I^oss of appetite, nausea, sometimes vomiting. 
 When resulting from alcohol, there is the well-known morning 
 vomiting of drunkards. The ejected matter is sour and ill- 
 smelling, and often contains particles of undigested food. There 
 is tenderness in the region of the stomach, and more or less 
 thirst and burning at the pit of the stomach and under the chest 
 bone. This latter is the result of the catarrhal inflammation 
 along the sesophagus, or tube leading from the throat to the 
 stomach. Constipation is present, and the urine is highly col- 
 ored. The color is the result of waste products which these 
 organs attempt to eliminate. Sleeplessness is a troublesome 
 feature. This is more pronounced when occurring in drunkards. 
 The patient may be more or less emaciated, and the physical 
 powers are lessened because the body is not properly nourished. 
 The skin loses its natural color and becomes pale. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 333 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Rest and diet. Restrict the amount of starchy foods. Give 
 skimmed milk and Lime Water, equal parts, soft cooked eggs, 
 finely chopped raw beef and a little dry toast. Give from j4 to 
 1 pint of water as hot as can be taken, containing either a little 
 baking Soda or 1 teaspoonful of Phosphate of Soda, one hour 
 before meals. If this amount cannot be taken all at once, it can 
 be disposed of in the course of twenty minutes without incon- 
 venience. 
 
 Scale Pepsin (1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Muriatic Acid, pure 14 " 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 3 " 
 
 Strychnine l / 2 grain. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take one teaspoonful after meals. 
 
 NEURALGIA OF THE STOMACH— GASTRAL- 
 GIA. — This is a painful condition of the stomach, the pain 
 often occurring in paroxysms that last for an hour or more. 
 
 Cause. — Same as neuralgia elsewhere. In many cases undi- 
 gested food may act as the exciting cause. 
 
 Symptoms. — The severe form usually comes on suddenly. 
 The pain is intense and often occurs in paroxysms. During an 
 attack of pain the heart action is weak, the patient is faint, the 
 countenance is shrunken and the hands and feet are cold. There 
 may be a puffiness or cedemitus condition over the surface of the 
 stomach. The pain extends along the lower border of the ribs 
 and into the back — usually into the small of the back. Pain is 
 also present beneath the chest bone. The pain follows the border 
 of the diaphragm, which is attached to the ribs and small of the 
 back. The pain may last for thirty minutes to one hour. Some- 
 times there is a sudden eructation of gas and the pain ceases. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. To relieve an attack of pain, take the following: 
 
 Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia ]/ 2 ounce. 
 
 Chloroform % " 
 
 Hoffman's Anodyne }4 " 
 
 Tincture of Cardamon Compound ... % " 
 Brandy y z " 
 
 Take 1 teaspoonful well diluted with water. 
 Repeat in one hour, if necessary. Usually one 
 dose is sufficient. 
 
 While the foregoing may check the pain, it will not remove 
 the cause. These cases require careful attention to diet, the 
 same as described under Dyspepsia. If neuralgia of the stomach 
 
334 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 has existed for some time, the attacks are somewhat persistent 
 and there seems to be a strong tendency towards their recurrence. 
 However, the difficulty may be overcome by regulating the diet, 
 as stated, keeping the bowels regular, avoiding all forms of 
 excess, and, when there are indications of indigestion, taking 
 together 10 grains of L,actopeptin, manufactured by the New 
 York Pharmacal Co. , and i o grains of Bismuth. Take immediately 
 after each meal. If there are eructations of gas, also take 10 or 
 15 grains of Willow Charcoal. This is best taken in tablet form. 
 The tablets can be obtained at any drug store. The Pepsin and 
 Bismuth mentioned, or any other form of artificial digestants, 
 should be used only when there is evidence of trouble. 
 
 B. Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia yi ounce. 
 
 Hoffman's Anodyne y 2 " 
 
 Paregoric 6 drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Lavender Compound 6 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb, enough to make 3 ounces. 
 
 Take a tablespoonful every hour until 
 relieved. — (33). 
 
 ULCER OF THE STOMACH.— Cause.— Ulcer of the 
 stomach is caused by the plugging of an artery, by a blood clot, 
 or by some obstruction in the circulation. The part supplied by 
 such an artery dies and degenerates. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first symptoms are those of indigestion. 
 This trouble gradually increases. There are eructations of gas 
 and the breath is ill-smelling. Pain, which is one of the early 
 symptoms, soon becomes constant, and is increased one-half to 
 one hour after eating. This is about the time the digestive fluid 
 of the stomach changes from an alkaline to an acid condition, 
 and it is the acid that increases the pain. There is occasional 
 vomiting. As the disease advances, blood is contained in the 
 ejected matter. Sometimes there is a large amount of bright red 
 blood present. The ejected matter also contains undigested food. 
 If vomiting occurs between meals, there is a large amount of 
 mucus. In some cases there are occasional attacks of neuralgia. 
 In some cases also the patient is greatly debilitated, and in others 
 he is not. The vomiting of a large amount of bright red blood, 
 together with the other symptoms mentioned, is sufficient evid- 
 ence of ulcer of the stomach. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The stomach should be allowed to remain as quiet as pos- 
 sible. When food is taken into the stomach, and during the 
 period of digestion, the muscular coats of the organ maintain a 
 constant churning movement, and both the food and the mechan- 
 ical movement irritate the ulcer and prevent its healing. All 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 335 
 
 water drank should be taken as hot as can be borne, and should 
 contain some alkali — Phosphate of Soda, baking Soda, or Sul- 
 phate of Soda. By many Sulphate of Soda is considered the 
 best — i teaspoonful to a pint of water. 
 
 Regarding nourishment, those who have treated the largest 
 number of these cases advise rectal feeding. Also bathe the sur- 
 face with nutrient oils — Cod Liver Oil is perhaps one of the best. 
 When this fails to maintain the patient and food by the stomach 
 becomes necessary, only that that is most nourishing should be 
 taken, and in liquid form. 
 
 CANCER OF THE STOMACH.— Cause.— See Cancer. 
 
 Symptoms. — During the early stages of cancer of the stomach 
 the symptoms are those of indigestion. The patient loses in 
 weight without any known cause. Digestive disturbances increase 
 until there is more or less pain. The pain may be constant, or 
 may be present only occasionally. The skin gradually changes 
 to a straw color. In some cases the color is quite natural, 
 especially during the first six or eight months. When the 
 cancer is situated at what is called the cardiac end of the 
 stomach, i.e., the end into which the oesophagus opens, there is 
 a gradual narrowing of this tube and swallowing becomes diffi- 
 cult; later there is regurgitation or return of the food. When it 
 is situated at the end of the stomach opening into the small 
 bowel, the food is prevented from passing out of the stomach. 
 This causes the organ to dilate. The patient lives about one 
 year. Vomiting commences at some stage of the disease — 
 sometimes quite early, perhaps from the third to the sixth 
 month. In other cases it does not occur until one or two months 
 before death. Vomiting occurs soon after eating. When the 
 growth is situated near the opening of the stomach into the 
 small bowel and is followed by dilatation of the stomach, food 
 may remain in the organ for from one to two or three days and 
 then be ejected. The food is in various stages of decomposition, 
 and blood is often present. Toward the latter stages of the 
 disease blood is present in larger amounts, and, as a result of 
 remaining in the stomach for some time and being brought in 
 contact with the fluids of the stomach and the undigested food, it 
 is dark in color and clotted. This is often spoken of as il coffee 
 grounds" vomiting. Sometime during the disease the cancer may 
 be felt through the abdominal wall. Usually this part of the 
 diagnosis can be made from the sixth to the ninth month. Begin- 
 ning with the symptoms, or soon after, the stomach is sensitive 
 to touch, and during the progress of the disease this sensitive- 
 ness increases until the slightest pressure causes pain. The 
 emaciation also increases until the patient appears like a living 
 
336 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 skeleton. Locating the growth by manipulation over the 
 stomach, when accompanied by the symptoms given, is unmis- 
 takable evidence of the cancer. 
 
 There may be cancer of the pancreas, which is situated just 
 behind the stomach. In this case there is less vomiting, but 
 diarrhea is present and the eliminations contain undigested fat. 
 
 There may be cancer of the liver or gall bladder. In this 
 case there would be evidence of digestive disturbances, but these 
 would be less marked. 
 
 Cancer may occur in the digestive tract. If occurring at the 
 beginning of the small bowel where it joins the stomach, the 
 symptoms would be similar to those given, but the ejected matter 
 would contain less blood; if occurring in the large bowel, stomach 
 symptoms would be largely absent. The eliminations from the 
 digestive tract would contain mucus and blood, and the odor 
 would be foul. In all cases there is rapid emaciation, and death 
 is the inevitable result. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 What to Do. — As the early symptoms are the usual disorders 
 of indigestion, correct the diet and take the ordinary remedies for 
 dyspepsia. If the trouble continues, consult a physician. 
 
 A. If the cancer is situated where the sesophagus joins the 
 stomach, the opening should be maintained as long as possible by 
 dilating the part. When this fails and food cannot reach the 
 stomach, it is necessary to insert a tube, forcing it through the 
 constricted part, and give liquid foods. When the cancer is 
 situated at the other end of the stomach, the usual remedies for 
 indigestion may be given. In all cases give io-drop doses of 
 Fowler's Solution and 10 grains of the Sulphocarbolates at meal 
 time — three doses a day. 
 
 Stomach Diseases — Summary. — In giving a description 
 of the diseases of the digestive tract, we stated that those 
 diseases given under so many different headings were confusing, 
 that they were but different manifestations of the same 
 diseased condition, etc. The same is true of the various forms 
 of disease of the stomach mentioned, — Gastric Fever, Acute 
 Gastric Catarrh, Acidity of the Stomach, Acute Dyspepsia, Acute 
 Indigestion, Gastralgia or Neuralgia of the Stomach. These, and 
 perhaps other terms, are used to denote an acute attack of 
 Indigestion. 
 
 It should be remembered that this sudden manifestation of 
 pain and other symptoms of acute trouble is not the result of a 
 single eiTor, but evidence of a long train of conditions, which 
 have gradually led up to the sudden onset. For some time the 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 337 
 
 patient has gone beyond the limit of safety, and the system has 
 withstood the abuse, if we may call it such, of late suppers, late 
 hours, excessive or rapid eating, and, in many cases, excess in 
 drinking — whether of strong coffee, tea, ice water or alcoholic 
 liquors makes no particular difference. Neither is it of import- 
 ance whether the digestive fluids of the stomach contain a little 
 too much acid, or are slightly alkaline; the result is the same. 
 The small vessels supplying the mucous membrane become con- 
 gested and inflamed, the digestive fluids become excessive in 
 amount and abnormal in quality, and now Nature suddenly rebels 
 and the patient finds himself the victim of an acute attack. 
 These unpleasant reminders are Nature's voice, forcibly expressed. 
 For every transgression there is now demanded full payment with 
 interest. We should remember that if Nature's laws are broken, 
 there will be a day of reckoning. Whether the wilful errors 
 pertain to matters of diet and hygiene, to loss of sleep, overwork 
 or lack of exercise, is unimportant. It would be as reasonable 
 to expect an apple thrown into the air to remain there, as to 
 expect abuses of the physical body to go unpunished. The only 
 prophylactic or preventive measure against disease is a healthy 
 system, and the only way to avoid disease of the stomach is to 
 exercise care and judgment regarding matters of diet. ' 
 
 Usually when the stomach begins to give trouble, artificial 
 digestants are resorted to. The class of people who take these 
 patent remedies are looking for a specific — a something that will 
 allow them to continue their indulgences and excesses and at the 
 same time pay little or no attention to the demands of Nature. 
 But sooner or later Nature claims her rights. It may be in the 
 form of an acute attack, of gradual and lingering disease, some 
 of the many deformities of rheumatism, spinal diseases, or an 
 early death. Every one should learn that digestion cannot be 
 purchased ready-made, that artificial digestants afford but 
 temporary relief, and that their effects are only palliative, i. e. y 
 that they quiet the symptoms without touching the cause, and 
 that, if continued, these remedies will still further weaken the 
 digestive organs. They do this by doing their work for them. 
 It is well known that Nature does not waste any of her forces, 
 nor perform any of her work in vain, and if artificial digestants 
 are employed, the natural digestive fluids or ferments will cease 
 to flow. The muscles of the arm would shrink if the arm were 
 kept in a sling; a joint would refuse to act if it were kept too 
 long in one position. When the arm and joint cease to act, 
 Nature ceases to supply them. The same is true with the diges- 
 tive fluids. If they are supplied artificially, the digestive organs 
 will atrophy, like the muscles of the arm kept in a sling, or refuse 
 to act, like the joint that has remained too long inactive. 
 22 
 
338 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Eructations in which are recognized by taste or smell any- 
 thing eaten or drank, are evidence that the stomach cannot take 
 care of that particular article, whether of food or drink. They 
 are an indication that fermentation has occurred, the flavor or 
 odor being thrown off with the gases of decomposition. If the 
 eructations are greasy, avoid fats; if they are sour, avoid sugar 
 and starchy foods, as these produce acids. If there is a bitter 
 taste in the mouth, it is bile, and indicates congestion of the bile 
 duct. The stomach does not rebel without a cause, and its 
 warnings should be heeded. When stomachical digestion is per- 
 fect, we are unconscious that we have a stomach. Every organ 
 has an individual sign by which it makes known any abnormal 
 conditions, and it is upon the recognition of such signs that 
 diagnosis is made. 
 
 The three great physicians of Nature are fresh air, pure water 
 and sunshine, and these combined with healthful exercise are 
 more effective in securing and maintaining health than drug 
 medication. They will cure most cases of dyspepsia. If they 
 could be bottled up and administered in tea or tablespoonful 
 doses while people were in bed, or comfortably seated in rocking 
 chairs, they would be more largely indulged in, and those pre- 
 paring such treatment could command their millions. 
 
 When the stomach is irritable through indigestion, the con- 
 dition is reflected to the brain and other organs through the 
 connecting nerve fibers, weaving a thread of disorders which 
 may baffle human skill. This condition produces many imaginary 
 ailments — the blues, melancholia, irritability, nervousness, etc. 
 These cases do not need medicine; it would be as absurd to treat 
 such cases with medicine as it would be to give medicine for 
 lameness caused by a sliver driven into the hand. The stomach 
 needs rest and freedom from all irritating substances just as much 
 as the hand needs to have the sliver removed. 
 
 It may be of interest to know that a glass of ice water 
 lowers the temperature of the stomach 30 degrees, and this has a 
 powerful effect in checking digestion. 
 
 STRANGURY. — This means painful urination. (See 
 Dysuria under Bladder, Diseases of). 
 
 STRICTURE. — Stricture means the closing of the natural 
 lumen, or opening of any passageway, as an artery or any part 
 of the bowel. Stricture may be partial or complete. It may 
 affect any canal or duct, as the urethra, trachea, or wind-pipe, 
 oesophagus, or tube leading from the throat to the stomach, or 
 the eustachian tube, the passage leading from the base of the 
 tongue to the middle ear. These strictures may be uniform or 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 339 
 
 may be tortuous; they may be partial or complete, rendering the 
 canal passable or impassable. They may also be recurrent, that 
 is, returning from time to time. 
 
 Cause. — They may be caused by a foreign body, by tumors, 
 including cancer, or may result from inflammation. The last is 
 the most frequent cause. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 These cases require a physician. 
 
 Note.— Usually stricture is understood to mean a narrowing of the 
 urethra following gonorrhoea (See GU3BT). 
 
 STYE. — (See under Eye, Diseases of). 
 
 SUMMER COMPLAINT.— (See Diarrhea). 
 
 SUNBURN. — In those unaccustomed to outdoor life, the 
 skin over the face, neck and other exposed parts is delicate. The 
 cells forming the outer layer of the skin are not coarse, rough 
 and thick, because the tissues beneath have needed no particular 
 protection. The sudden change allows the sun's rays to pene- 
 trate to the deeper structure, or skin proper. It will be remem- 
 bered that it is in this layer that the blood vessels are situated. 
 The excessive heat causes acute congestion, and, in some instances, 
 inflammation. This accounts for the heat and swelling, and 
 the swelling causes the pressure and pain. This condition 
 usually lasts for a few days, more or less, according to the 
 severity or amount of exposure. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The best treatment is some application that will exclude the 
 air, because it is the oxygen of the air coming in contact with 
 the true skin that produces the sensation of smarting and burn- 
 ing. The application of Vaseline, Sweet Cream, Sweet Oil, or 
 any emollient that will protect the affected area, is all that is 
 needed. If on the hands, arms or neck, the application may 
 be followed with a light bandage. This will insure greater pro- 
 tection and afford greater relief. 
 
 SWEAT GLANDS, DISORDER OF — HYPERI- 
 DROSIS. — Some persons are afflicted with excessive secretions 
 of the sweat glands. The excess may be general all over the 
 body, or may affect only certain parts, as the hands, arm-pits, 
 soles of the feet, etc. It is usually accompanied with a disagree- 
 able and disgusting odor. This is especially true when it affects 
 the soles of the feet. Excessive sweating of the soles of the feet 
 is not only the most uncomfortable, but the most dangerous, form 
 of this disease. It keeps the feet wet and cold, and in many 
 
340 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 cases is the primary step leading to chronic catarrh; or may pre- 
 cipitate an acute cold. The feet are kept in a sweat-bath, as it 
 were, which causes the outer skin to peel off rapidly and leaves 
 them tender and sensitive. 
 
 Cause. — Some irritant which excites excessive action of the 
 nerves supplying the sweat glands and results in over-production; 
 or the nerve supply may be unusually or abnormally developed. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The following is one of the best remedies of prevention: 
 
 Menthol 20 grains. 
 
 Tannic Acid 40 " 
 
 Formaldehyde 20 drops. 
 
 Borax, powdered 1 ounce. 
 
 Soapstone, powdered 2 " 
 
 Mix, and dust freely inside the stockings. 
 If there is still some sweating, add more Tannic 
 Acid; if there is odor left, add more Formal- 
 dehyde. 
 
 The same preparation may be applied locally under the arms, 
 or wherever abnormal sweating occurs. 
 
 Note. — The above is Allen's Foot-Ease plus Formaldehyde. 
 
 SYPHILIS. — (See under Venereal Diseases). 
 
 TAPEWORM— TAENIA SOLIUM.— This is a form of 
 worm which sometimes inhabits the digestive tract and grows to 
 great lengths. The variety mentioned above, taenia solium, is 
 the one most commonly met, and varies in length from ten to 
 thirty feet. In appearance it is flat and thin like a ribbon. 
 There are two other varieties which are larger. The largest is 
 said to attain a length of sixty feet. The head of the tapeworm 
 is small and rounded, being about -^ to T V of an inch in diam- 
 eter. The body is composed of small segments, or joints, which 
 vary from }£ to J /i of an inch in length; the width may exceed 
 the length. The worm is supplied with two rows of suckers, 
 and the taenia solium is also supplied with two rows of what are 
 called hooklets. Each worm is supplied with male and female 
 reproductive organs. Its eggs are about -j-gVg- of an inch in 
 diameter. The worm is supposed to inhabit pork, beef and fish, 
 and to find its way into the body first in such food. It inhabits 
 the upper part of the small bowel, and the head is firmly attached 
 to the mucous membrane by means of the hooklets mentioned. 
 
 Cause.— The eggs, which are found in the meat mentioned. 
 These eggs, on reaching the digestive tract, hatch and develop 
 into the worm. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 341 
 
 Symptoms. — The elimination of detached or disjointed seg- 
 ments may be the first, and is the only positive evidence of the 
 presence of the worm. In other cases there is pain, which may be 
 anywhere in the abdominal cavity. The appetite is more or less 
 affected, and at times there may be nausea and vomiting. There 
 may also be dyspepsia and constipation, and the patient may lose 
 flesh. After eating the symptoms are apt to disappear, and are 
 most prominent when the stomach and bowels are empty. In 
 some cases the patient claims to feel the movement of the worm, 
 though this may be imagination. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. There are a number of remedies which are used in the 
 treatment of tapeworm. A strong tea made from Pomegranate 
 Root, Turpentine, Pumpkin Seed, Aspidium, Male Fern, and 
 perhaps other remedies are used for its destruction. Of these 
 the ethereal resin of Aspidium and the oleo resin of Male Fern 
 are perhaps used oftenest, although Pumpkin Seed has the 
 advantage of being cheap, effective and harmless. This is 
 important in the case of small children, because it requires as 
 large a dose of the remedy to destroy the tape worm in the child 
 as in the adult, and enough of the stronger remedies to be effect- 
 ive might be too large a dose for the child. 
 
 In case of children, give 1 ounce of the dried Pumpkin Seed, 
 or 4 ounces of the fresh seed. Remove the outer covering or 
 husk, and bruise, together with chocolate or sugar. Give an 
 active cathartic and restrict the diet as much as possible for 
 forty-eight hours. Divide the dried seed into four doses, or the 
 green seed into six doses, and give one hour apart. Follow the 
 last dose with another active cathartic, such as Castor Oil. This 
 is usually effective, and, as stated, is perfectly harmless. 
 
 For adults, give an active cathartic in the afternoon, eat a 
 very light supper, if any, and no breakfast, and take about 1 or 
 2 teaspoonfuls of the oleo resin of Male Fern, or 1 teaspoonful of 
 the ethereal resin of Aspidium. In two hours take 2 table- 
 spoonfuls of Castor Oil and 1 drop of Croton Oil. The Tannate 
 of Pelletierine which is the active principle of Pomegranate, 
 is highly recommended, and may be given in from *4~ to 1 -grain 
 doses in place of the Male Fern or Aspidium. 
 
 B. Take 4 ounces of Pumpkin Seed, remove shells and bruise 
 seeds together with two ounces of sugar and 1 pint of warm 
 water. I^et patient eat nothing for one day. The next day let 
 him eat the Pumpkin Seed mixture, and after he has finished, 
 give him a good dose of Epsom Salts. — (35). 
 
342 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 C. Emulsion consisting ot: 
 
 Turpentine I ounce. 
 
 Wintergreen Water }4 " 
 
 Gum Acacia }£ " 
 
 Simple Syrup i " 
 
 Mix. To be taken by an adult in one dose. — (31). 
 
 TEETH. — The teeth are subject to disease the same as 
 other tissues, organs and structures. There may be abscess, or 
 there may be a gradual or rapid destruction of one or more of the 
 teeth. They are also subject to pain and tumor growths. The 
 tumor consists of an increased amount or overgrowth of the bony 
 tissue. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment should be preventive. This means that the 
 teeth should receive proper care by keeping them clean. Every 
 one should use a brush at least once a day, or, what is better, 
 after each meal. Any evidence of decay should be investigated 
 and cared for by the dentist. Some form of tooth powder that is 
 cleansing and at the same time harmless, should be used occasion- 
 ally, as the following: 
 
 Precipitated Chalk 1 ounce. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Boric Acid, powdered 20 grains. 
 
 Mix, and use by applying to the brush. 
 Note. — Other preparations for use in cleaning the teeth 
 
 will be found under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts. 
 
 Toothache Remedies. — 
 
 A. Chloral Hydrate % ounce. 
 
 Gum Camphor % " 
 
 By gradually rubbing these two ingredients together, a liquid 
 soon forms. This can best be done in a druggist's mortar. Keep 
 the liquid well corked. In using take a small piece of cotton, 
 large enough to fill the cavity in the tooth, roll it up firmly, and 
 with the end of a tooth -pick, or some other convenient method, 
 dip it into the solution and pack it firmly into the tooth. — (64). 
 
 Note. — The above is an excellent application. 
 
 B. Saturate a piece of cotton the size of the tooth cavity in 
 Ammonia and put into the tooth. It will stop toothache at once. 
 
 -(20). 
 
 C. Chloroform 1 drachm. 
 
 OilofCloves 1 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 " 
 
 Mix, and apply a few drops on cotton. Care 
 should be taken not to drop any of the liquid 
 on the lips, tongue or gums. — (36). 
 
DISBASBS AND TREATMENTS. 343 
 
 D. Alcohol Y% ounce. 
 
 Laudanum Yz drachm. 
 
 Chloroform, liquid measure 2>H " 
 
 Gum Camphor 2 
 
 Oil of Cloves 2 
 
 Sulphuric Ether, liquid measure 3 
 
 Oil of Lavender # " 
 
 If there is a nerve exposed, this will quiet it. 
 Apply with lint. Rub freely upon the gums 
 and upon the face against the tooth. 
 
 E. Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Tincture of Arnica 2 drachms. 
 
 Tincture of Chloroform 2 " 
 
 Oil of Cloves 1 
 
 Mix, and apply to the cavity on a little 
 cotton. 
 
 TETTER. — (See Eczema under Skin Diseases). 
 
 THREAD WORMS.— (See under Children's 
 Diseases) . 
 
 THROAT, SORE,— The following treatments have been 
 recommended. The reader is also referred to the treatments 
 under Laryngitis ; also, if the tonsils are affected, to the treat- 
 ments under Tonsilitis. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Sage Tea, very strong ^ pint. 
 
 Strained Honey 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Common Salt 2 " 
 
 Strong Vinegar 2 " 
 
 Mix, strain, and gargle the throat from 
 four to a dozen times daily, according to the 
 severity of the case — (64). 
 
 B. A pinch of the following on the tongue and swallowed, 
 without water, every half hour: 
 
 Cubebs, powdered 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Saltpetre 1 
 
 Mix. Gargle the throat with milk. Little 
 or nothing to eat for 24 hours. — (35). 
 
 C. Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 
 
 Turpentine 1 " 
 
 Syrup of Gum Arabic 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 1 " 
 
 Mix. Take 1 teaspoonful every two hours. 
 -(36). 
 
 THRUSH. — (See under Children's Diseases). 
 
344 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TOE-NAIL, INGROWING. — This difficulty usually 
 occurs on the great toe. In some cases it is very painful, 
 so much so that the individual is unable to wear a shoe 
 unless it is very large, or unless the part covering the toe is 
 removed with a knife. In every case the condition is extremely 
 unpleasant and there is always more or less soreness and pain. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is either an overgrowth along the edge of 
 the nail, or the pressure of the nail irritates the soft tissue 
 and results in its overgrowth. The edge of the nail either 
 grows down into the tissues, or the tissue grows up over the edge 
 of the nail; perhaps both conditions are present. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. Very many cases may be benefited and often cured by 
 taking a sharp-pointed knife and, by repeated strokes along the 
 border, gradually cutting through the nail, removing a strip from 
 one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch in width, and sometimes 
 more. Where the nail grows down into the tissue it is not attached 
 on either side, and by cutting through, the sliver of nail may be 
 readily removed. This relieves the pressure, and for a time 
 relieves the pain and soreness. If the trouble recurs, repeat the 
 treatment. If successful the first time, it will be successful every 
 time, and eventually the nail will stop growing in that direction. 
 
 The directions just given can be carried out by any one 
 suffering with this trouble. Some cases, however, need surgical 
 treatment. 
 
 B. Painless Remedy. — Henry Finch, M. D., reports, through 
 the British Medical Journal, that neither cutting nor burning 
 operations are at all necessary for the complete and rapid cure of 
 ingrowing toe-nail. If a small, thin> flat piece of silver plate be 
 bent at one edge into a slight deep groove and, after the toe has 
 been poulticed twenty-four hours, slipped beneath the edge of the 
 nail, so as to protect the flesh from its pressure, and the rest of 
 the thin plate bent around the side and front of the toe, being 
 kept in position with a small portion of adhesive plaster passed 
 around the toe, a speedy and almost painless cure will take place; 
 and the patient, after the first day, has the additional advantage 
 of being able to walk. Dr. Finch has followed this method in 
 numerous cases with uniform success. 
 
 TONGUE. — I4ke other tissues and organs, the tongue is 
 subject to many diseases. There may be adhesions, including the 
 condition known as tongue-tie. Such adhesions are congenital, i. e. , 
 exist from birth. There may be atrophy — a shrinking of the 
 organ. This may be caused by syphilis, by some disease of the 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 345 
 
 brain, or by morbid growths on the tongue itself. There may 
 be hypertrophy or overgrowth. This would result from a mild 
 form of inflammation from some cause. 
 
 The tongue is also subject to ulcer, erysipelas and cancer. 
 Barring cancer, perhaps the most serious form of disease of the 
 tongue is acute inflammation. This is called Glossitis. 
 
 Acute Glossitis or Inflammation of the Tongue may 
 
 result from injury — sometimes results from the sting of a bee. 
 
 Symptoms. — Sudden swelling, fever, pain and increased flow 
 of saliva. The voice becomes changed, and speech and swallow- 
 ing are difficult. The glands about the jaw enlarge and may 
 suppurate. The swelling may be so rapid and reach such pro- 
 portions as to render breathing not only difficult, but impossible. 
 
 Treatment . — 
 
 The same as treatment for inflammation elsewhere. Relieve 
 the organ of the excessive amount of blood. This can only be 
 done by draining the system of fluids and equalizing the 
 circulation. A large dose of Pilocarpine is valuable. For a 
 child five years old, }£ of a grain given with a hypodermic 
 needle would perhaps be sufficient. This causes active elimina- 
 tion by the skin. Also give 1 drop of Croton Oil, either in a 
 small capsule, or mixed with Glycerine or Sweet Oil and placed 
 on the back of the tongue. If Croton Oil is not at hand, give a 
 large dose of Castor Oil. Wait two hours, and if results are not 
 obtained, give half the amount. In place of the Pilocarpine, 
 Aconite may be given — 1 drop of the tincture every hour. Also 
 apply external heat to produce profuse perspiration. Sometimes 
 even the most active treatment fails. In this case incisions may 
 be made — cut deep enough to allow the blood to flow freely. 
 This will aid in relieving the organ. In some cases it is neces- 
 sary to perform tracheotomy i. e., open the wind-pipe and 
 insert an artificial tube through which the child may breathe. 
 If an abscess forms, it should be opened and washed out the 
 same as abscess elsewhere. These cases are always serious and 
 require the services of a physician. 
 
 In chronic inflammation or enlargement of the tongue the 
 disease is secondary, i. e. , the result of some other trouble, to- 
 wards which the treatment should be directed. 
 
 TONSILITIS. — The Pharynx (farinks) commences at the 
 back part of the mouth and terminates in the esophagus, or tube 
 leading from the throat to the stomach. The pharynx is about 
 4^2 inches in length. There are seven openings which communi- 
 cate with it: the two nasal cavities; the two eustachian 
 
346 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 tubes, which lead to the middle ears; the trachea, which leads to 
 the lungs; the mouth, which is in front; and the aesophagus, 
 into which the pharynx terminates. 
 
 The upper and front part of the mouth has a bony roof 
 covered with mucous membrane, and is called the hard palate; 
 the back part is formed or composed of soft tissues only, therefore 
 is called the soft palate. Arching from either side of the back 
 part of the mouth are two folds of mucous membrane which meet 
 in the centre; behind these are two more. The four folds contain 
 four small muscles. These arches are called the pillars of the soft 
 palate. They are separated at the sides of the throat, and meet 
 in the center like the letter V. The tonsils are placed between 
 them, thus, A , one on either side. 
 
 The tonsils are glandular bodies which vary considerably in 
 size. During acute inflammation or chronic enlargement, they 
 may be an inch in diameter; normally, they are very small and 
 cannot be seen. On the surface of each tonsil there are from 
 twelve to fifteen little openings, each extending inward and 
 branching into many little follicles, or glandular sacs. Sur- 
 rounding each of these sacs are a number of small bodies or 
 glands with no external opening. These glands are similar to 
 Peyer's glands in the small bowel (see Typhoid Fever). By 
 means of lymphatics these ductless glands drain into the deep 
 glands of the neck, and thus their secretions reach the general 
 circulation. That is one reason why inflammation of the tonsils 
 may produce such marked systemic effects. 
 
 Tonsilitis is inflammation of the tonsils. It is sometimes 
 called Quinsy. As stated under Diphtheria, quinsy means a chok- 
 ing, and may be applied to any of the throat troubles where 
 there is inflammation, swelling and difficulty in breathing or 
 swallowing. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is the same as that which produces 
 ordinary catarrhal colds and sore throat — probably due to atmos- 
 pheric changes. 
 
 Symptoms. — In some cases the disease is ushered in with a 
 chill, but usually it is not. There is a moderate rise of tempera- 
 ture, which may reach as high as 104 ; the tonsils become 
 swollen, producing pressure and pain; there is a constant desire 
 to clear the throat, and difficulty in swallowing ; the tonsils 
 increase in size, and may nearly or altogether close the passage, 
 though the act of breathing through the mouth forces an opening. 
 In appearance at this time the tonsils are large, and deep red, and 
 the surface may be more or less covered with whitish or yellowish 
 points. The mucous membranes of the surrounding throat struc- 
 tures may be more or less swollen and inflamed. The swelling of 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 347 
 
 the tonsils may be so great that suppuration will take place, in 
 which case almost immediate relief will be afforded. Usually, 
 however, the disease declines gradually, the fever disappearing 
 and the tonsils returning to their normal size; or they may remain 
 somewhat enlarged. 
 
 In inflammation and swelling of the throat it is well to 
 remember the symptoms of diphtheria. Diphtheria may give the 
 same early symptoms as tonsilitis, or as any case of sore throat, 
 either mild or severe, but the typical symptom of diphtheria is 
 the formation of a membrane, which usually appears on the ton- 
 sils at one or more points. These points spread rapidly and join 
 together, forming a large leather-colored patch. 
 
 TONSILITIS COMPARED WITH DIPHTHERIA. 
 
 Tonsilitis. 
 
 Points first appearing are 
 whitish or light yellow in 
 color. 
 
 No membrane, but a white 
 exudate of a downy or woolly 
 appearance. 
 
 Exudate can usually be 
 removed with a soft cloth or 
 swab. 
 
 Removal of the exudate 
 leaves the surface natural, bar- 
 ring its inflamed appearance. 
 
 Exudate stands out like wool 
 on a smooth surface without 
 any definite outline. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — Steep up bitter herbs in a closed vessel — an 
 earthen pot or tea-kettle — and steam the patient's throat. Form 
 a long tube by rolling up a newspaper. Place one end over the 
 spout of the kettle, tie it in place, put the other end in or over 
 the mouth, and have him inhale the steam as hot as can be borne 
 comfortably. Or, add from ^ to i teaspoonful of Carbolic Acid 
 to 2 quarts of boiling water, or the same amount of Turpentine, 
 and inhale in the same way. The Carbolic Acid and Turpentine 
 are of advantage because of their antiseptic properties; they 
 insure cleanliness. 
 
 Diphtheria. 
 
 Points first appearing are 
 of a dark, leathery color. 
 
 Smooth membrane of a dark 
 grayish or leathery appearance. 
 
 Membrane is firmly adherent 
 to the structures or tissues 
 beneath. Cannot be removed 
 unless torn loose. 
 
 If membrane is torn loose, a 
 bleeding surface is left behind. 
 
 Membrane has a well-defined 
 border. 
 
348 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Give warm drinks and put to bed. If the case seems severe 
 enough, send for a doctor. An abscess sometimes forms on the 
 affected tonsil, and should this occur, have it opened by a doctor 
 at the earliest moment. 
 
 A. At the first symptoms of tonsilitis give the patient an 
 active cathartic, and give 5 grains of Salicylate of Soda every 
 hour until the ears "sing;" after that, give every three hours. 
 For the phlegm that collects in the throat, the following gargle 
 will be found satisfactory: 
 
 Borax, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Salicylate of Soda 2 " 
 
 Glycerine . 4 " 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Gargle several times a day, or as often as 
 necessary. 
 
 If the fever is high, i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite may 
 be given every hour, although this is unimportant; the fever is 
 only a symptom, and if the disease is properly cared for, the 
 symptom will disappear — so will the disease. 
 
 Another most excellent remedy for internal use is the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 Tincture of Aconite £ drop. 
 
 Tincture of Belladonna Leaves fa " 
 
 Tincture of Bryonia fa " 
 
 Red Iodide of Mercury yl^ grain. 
 
 Sulphate of Morphine y^ " 
 
 Salicylate of Soda 1 " 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen fa drop. 
 
 This combination is made in tablet form, 
 and each tablet contains the amount given 
 here. These tablets may be bought at any drug 
 store. 
 
 The value of the tablet resides mostly in the amount of Sali- 
 cylate of Soda it contains. Salicylate of Soda is a specific for 
 many cases of tonsilitis. The tablets may be given one every 
 hour, more or less often according to age. We have used these 
 tablets and also the 5 -grain doses of Salicylate of Soda in many 
 cases of tonsilitis, and the results have been so uniformly satis- 
 factory that we feel confident if the directions are followed, many 
 cases of this disease can be aborted. 
 
 The patient should remain indoors for a day or two, if neces- 
 sary. If the tonsils become greatly swollen, relief may be had by 
 lancing them, cutting in one or more places. This allows them 
 to bleed freely and relieves the congestion. If suppuration takes 
 place, they should be lanced also. The best treatment for ton- 
 sils that are troublesome is to remove them — cut them out. This 
 requires but a moment's time and produces no pain. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 349 
 
 Enlarged Tonsils. — Sometimes the tonsils remain perma- 
 nently enlarged. In this case it is better to have them removed. 
 The operation is neither difficult nor painful. Until this is 
 deemed necessary, either of the following may be used to advan- 
 tage: 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Chlorate of Potash y z teaspoonful. 
 
 Sulphite of Soda % 
 
 Put into a glass and fill with warm water. 
 Gargle the throat thoroughly with a table- 
 spoonful of this solution from three to five 
 times a day. 
 
 Also paint the tonsils once in two or three days with the 
 Tincture of Iodine, using a small brush. To do this, take a 
 spoon handle, or something of the kind, and press the tongue 
 down so that the tonsils may be treated readily. The Iodine 
 will reduce their size by stimulating the absorption of inflam- 
 matory products. 
 
 B. Iodine 2 drachms. , 
 
 Glycerine 6 " 
 
 Mix, and apply daily with a brush. — (45) . 
 
 Note, — The object in adding the Glycerine lies in its power to attract 
 water from the tissues beneath the surface to which it is applied. This 
 drainage aids in reducing the size of the organ. 
 
 TOOTHACHE.— (See under Teeth). 
 
 TRANCE — MORBID SLEEP.— Trance differs from 
 sleep both in time of duration and in the profound insensibility 
 to external objects or impressions. Another peculiarity regard- 
 ing trance is that it is more apt to follow excitement than fatigue 
 or exhaustion. It is said to have occurred epidemically during 
 periods of great religious excitement mingled with superstition. 
 
 A mild case resembles sleep, but there is an abnormal insen- 
 sibility to external stimulation. The breathing and the pulse 
 are quite natural. This form is called Trance Sleep. Or the 
 breathing and heart action may be greatly weakened, yet 
 perceptible. The joints remain movable, and the position of the 
 individual can be easily changed. This condition is sometimes 
 spoken of as Trance Coma, meaning deep sleep. In its severest 
 form no heart beat or respiration can be detected. The temper- 
 ature is subnormal, and the patient takes no nourishment. This 
 form is sometimes spoken of as Death Trance. 
 
350 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 We have never had occasion to treat any of these cases, and 
 so far as we know there is no satisfactory treatment that has 
 ever been discovered. However, as a means of aid in reviving 
 the patient we would recommend any of the following: 
 
 Inhalations of Nitrite of Amyl. Nitrite of Amyl is a liquid 
 and is given by holding the uncorked bottle close to the nose for 
 a few seconds at a time. While the effects last but a few 
 minutes, they might serve to bring the individual to consciousness. 
 
 Atropine is another remedy, which does not act so quickly, 
 but is more lasting. Place ?to °f a grain in powdered form on 
 the tongue, and repeat this every hour for two or three doses. 
 Under the directions of a doctor perhaps a larger dose could be 
 given. 
 
 Glonoin, or Nitro- Glycerine, is another remedy belonging to 
 the same class. The results somewhat resemble Nitrite of Amyl. 
 The effects are produced rapidly and pass away within an hour. 
 
 Electricity — the Faradic current — is recommended by some. 
 Its daily application at the same hour is claimed to have revived 
 a patient after all other means had failed. 
 
 We wish also to recommend the rectal injection of two pints 
 of water as hot as can be borne. 
 
 If the patient cannot be revived, the question of feeding 
 becomes an important one. Liquid food should be given by the 
 mouth, if the patient can swallow. Absorption through the skin 
 is another means of conveying nourishment. Perhaps Cod Liver 
 Oil applied to the surface once or twice a day is as valuable as 
 any remedy that can be administered by this method. 
 
 TRICHINA WORM— TRICHINOSIS.— This disease is 
 produced by a small worm called trichina. When full grown, it 
 is from T ^ to }i of an inch in length. Sometimes the trichina 
 inhabits the body of the hog, and when such meat is eaten raw 
 or improperly cooked, this minute form of animal life finds its 
 way into the digestive tract of man, where it multiplies very 
 rapidly, penetrates the walls of the tract and enters the veins, or by 
 other means finds its way into muscle tissue, which seems to be its 
 natural place of abode. In the muscles the worms become encysted, 
 that is, surrounded by a little membranous capsule. Later, 
 both the cysts and the worms may become calcified, i. e. , lime salts 
 are deposited, and the minute animal life appears as small white 
 specks. They may remain encysted for months or years without 
 undergoing any change. Should the flesh which they inhabit be 
 swallowed by other animals, they would develop and multiply 
 in the digestive tract, penetrate the walls of the bowels 
 and migrate to muscle tissue, as before. They multiply rapidly 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 351 
 
 in the digestive tract, and it is the young ones that migrate 
 to muscle tissue and become encysted. A temperature ot 170 
 degrees destroys this form of animal life; salting the meat also 
 destroys it. 
 
 Rats are the most common carriers of this form of pest. It 
 is not often that thev inhabit the body of hogs. According to 
 some authorities they occur only in 1 to 1500 or 2000. 
 
 Cause. — Trichina finding their way into the stomach from 
 eating pork when raw or when improperly cooked. 
 
 Symptoms — At first there is loss of appetite, nausea, perhaps 
 vomiting, diarrhea and a feeling of languor, and there maybe more 
 or less prostration. This condition continues for a week, when the 
 patient becomes sore and stiff and is attacked with pain, more or 
 less severe. When the trichina enter the muscles, the pain 
 is intense, and the slightest effort to move the affected muscle 
 causes great pain. The pain is constant, the patient is unable to 
 sleep, the face becomes swollen, there is fever and rapid pulse, 
 more or less thirst, and profuse perspiration. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Active cathartics might clear the digestive tract of -the 
 trouble, but it would have no influence upon the trichina after 
 they became encysted. The treatment consists of food, stimu- 
 lants and tonics. If only a small number of trichina migrate, 
 the patient might recover; if a large number, the attack 
 would prove fatal. Glycerine destroys trichina when applied to 
 them direct. It does this by absorbing the fluids from the 
 minute animal bodies, when they rapidly dry up and die. This 
 remedy has been recommended in tablespoonful doses once every 
 hour ; but as the Glycerine absorbs so much water before it 
 reaches the circulation, and becomes so largely diluted, its effects 
 are doubtful. Alcohol has also been recommended, and its effects 
 on the trichina are the same as the Glycerine; but it too absorbs 
 so much water before and after reaching the circulation that its 
 effects are doubtful. 
 
 TUBERCUL9SIS — CONSUMPTION.— Consumption 
 is a chronic, constitutional, non-contagious disease. Tubercu- 
 losis is a form of consumption in which little nodules or tubercles 
 are formed in the affected tissues. Tubercles are small, nodular 
 masses, about the size of a millet seed, and are produced by a low 
 form of inflammation resulting from self-generated poisons in the 
 system. When occurring in the lungs, the usual seat of the 
 disease, it is called Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Phthisis or Consumption. 
 
 Consumption is a slow, wasting disease, and its primary cause 
 is a lack of nourishment. Following, and as a result of such 
 
352 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 lack of nourishment, there is first a slight loss of vitality and 
 lack of assimilation. The natural resistance of the tissues are 
 lessened. The blood lacks the normal elements, and contains 
 irritants in the form of waste material due to poor digestion and 
 a lack of elimination. Indigestion is present in every case. The 
 indigestion may be the result of rapid or excessive eating, poor 
 food, unhygienic surroundings, too much hard work, or of the 
 prolonged use of alcohol. Constipation is present more or less. 
 This means that the digestive tract is unhealthy and that many 
 poisons are generated there. It seems hardly necessary to state 
 that these poisons enter the circulation, and, acting as irritants, 
 produce a low form of inflammation. The inflammation and 
 lack of nourishment mean that waste exceeds repair. Each 
 organ and each individual cell of the body struggles to carry on 
 the unequal contest, and the tissues thus become irritated and 
 weakened and fail to appropriate the nourishment brought to 
 them. 
 
 Those tissues and organs suffer most that are most liable to 
 the morbid influences present. The lungs are most liable for the 
 following reasons, hence, as stated, consumption of the lungs is 
 the most common form. Nearly all of the blood passes through 
 the lungs once every minute. This is not true of any other 
 organ in the body except the heart. In the heart the blood 
 simply passes from one cavity to another, while in the lungs the 
 unhealthy blood must pass through the intricate network of 
 small vessels called capillaries. This brings the morbid influ- 
 ences of the septic, or unhealthy blood, in direct contact with the 
 lung tissue. Again, the lungs have a double circulation; they 
 are supplied with two sets of blood vessels. One set supplies 
 nourishment, and the other set is for the purification of the 
 blood. These two systems of vessels are entirely separate. The 
 system which supplies nourishment is given off from the lower 
 left cavity of the heart, while that carrying the blood for elimina- 
 tion of the poisonous gases mentioned, and for oxidization, comes 
 from the right side of the heart. The blood which is sent to 
 nourish the lungs is bright red, while that sent for purification is 
 dark, venous, and contains many poisons and impurities. 
 
 The system of vessels for the purification of the blood is 
 placed just beneath the delicate membrane which lines the air 
 cells. As stated elsewhere, it is estimated that there are six 
 hundred million air cells in the lungs, and that their combined 
 surface is more than seven times greater than the whole outer 
 surface of the body. This surface is literally covered with small 
 vessels through which the septic blood is constantly pouring. 
 With every heart beat the blood is forced into the lungs, where 
 it attempts to pass through the capillary network of small 
 
DISEASES AND TREA TMENTS. '353 
 
 vessels; but in a morbid condition it contains many poisons, and 
 these, acting as irritants, produce congestion, which later results 
 in a low form of inflammation, as stated. The set of vessels 
 which surround the air cells is so placed for the purpose of 
 giving off waste and absorbing oxygen from the air we breathe. 
 The mucous membrane which lines the air cells has the power of 
 transmitting carbonic acid gas and other poisonous vapors and 
 admitting oxygen, and yet remain proof against the passage of 
 the fluid blood. 
 
 During the morbid conditions mentioned above more poisons 
 are generated and less oxygen is taken into the system, and the 
 oxidation of many products, both in the circulation and in the 
 tissues, is interfered with. This lowers the physical force and 
 increases the morbid effects already present. As this condition 
 increases there is corresponding loss of weight and strength. 
 Now some trivial occurrence, such as wet feet or exposure, may 
 result in a bronchial catarrh, which ordinarily is easily recovered 
 from; but with the lungs previously inflamed and their vitality 
 at such a low ebb, the case may easily run into consumption. 
 
 Causes. — Those already mentioned. Dyspepsia is the mother 
 of consumption. Every one understands that in every case of con- 
 sumption the process of digestion and assimilation suffers more or 
 less from the first. It is understood, of course, that heredity may 
 be responsible for some cases. A child of tuberculous parents 
 may be born with weak lungs or a weak stomach. During child- 
 hood days the lymphatic system is most liable to suffer, and 
 undoubtedly this accounts for many cases of scrofula (see Tuber- 
 culosis of the Lymph Glands) . 
 
 During that form of consumption of the lungs known as 
 tuberculosis, the following changes take place: 
 
 Changes Occurring in Tuberculosis . — First, the irritation ex- 
 cites inflammation and new tissue growth. The new growth is 
 a form of connective tissue, as mentioned under Alcohol and in 
 many other places in this work. From its granular appearance 
 it is sometimes called embryonic tissue or granulation tissue. 
 This new tissue takes no part in the work carried on by the 
 organs in which it occurs, but crowds out more or less the natural 
 tissue, and the organ or organs are weakened in proportion. A 
 dead or dying cell first becomes the center of a tubercle by excit- 
 ing inflammation around itself. Dead tissue always excites 
 inflammation; it is Nature's method of localizing disease. The 
 inflammation surrounding the tubercle is the same as would sur- 
 round a bullet, or any other foreign body that might enter the 
 lungs. The same condition is present in every abscess. The 
 zone of new tissue which surrounds the tubercle or abscess con- 
 stitutes the battle line; it is the struggle between the living and 
 
 23 
 
354 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the dead. The same conditions are present, but more prominent, 
 in Gangrene. It has been stated that a dead cell forms the 
 center of a tubercle by exciting inflammation around itself. 
 Dust may also aid in producing tuberculosis. When the vitality 
 of the lungs is at a low ebb, as described, a small portion of dust 
 from a mill or factory, or that furnished by the stone cutter or 
 iron worker, may lodge in an air cell and form the nucleus or 
 center of a tubercle. 
 
 The tubercles do not contain blood vessels. Their lack of 
 nourishment and failure to organize as healthy tissue leaves them 
 without foundation or support. They are built from septic 
 blood, have but little vitality and no duty in life, hence 
 easily break down. Many of the new cells mentioned may die 
 as a result of pressure upon each other, and also because they do 
 not have time to mature. Many white corpuscles or white blood 
 cells lodge at these points, lose their vitality and die. The 
 blood always contains the elements of fibrine, and these elements, 
 escaping from the swollen vessels, unite in the diseased area 
 with the white corpuscles and other waste products and form 
 the purulent matter which is expectorated. 
 
 It is well known that Nature never maintains a structure for 
 nothing. Whether that structure is a whole organ or a single 
 cell, makes no difference. When it ceases to be of use to the 
 body, Nature immediately seeks to eliminate it. It cannot be 
 eliminated whole, hence the various changes through which it 
 passes to reach a liquid state. When Nature's efforts fail to 
 liquefy and eliminate, the part becomes organized, as stated 
 below. 
 
 In all forms of consumption of the lungs the walls of the 
 small air tubes, and their dilated extremities, the air cells, are 
 thickened by inflammation, and both are more or less filled with 
 a catarrhal exudate and embryonic, or undeveloped, tissue. 
 These changes and conditions are responsible for the consolidation 
 present in the early stages. 
 
 Many cases of consumption are recovered from. Where 
 recovery takes place, the diseased portion of the lung may be- 
 come calcified, i. e. } lime salts carried by the circulation may be 
 gradually deposited in that part. In health the little cells con- 
 stituting the lung tissue do not absorb or admit lime salts into 
 their structure, but in their diseased and weakened condition 
 their selective power is lessened or destroyed. The diseased 
 area may also become encysted, i. e., surrounded by a thin mem- 
 brane of the connective tissue already mentioned. Later the 
 connective tissue may send fibrous bands through the diseased 
 part, and it is then said to be organized. Blood vessels are 
 supplied, and the healing is permanent, The natural lung 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 355 
 
 tissue, however, is never replaced. Or degeneration may cause 
 the tissue to soften and break down — liquefy — and this may be 
 followed by absorption, i. e. y be carried away by the circulation; 
 or it may be expectorated, or may be disposed of both by ab- 
 sorption and expectoration, and the cavity be filled with newly 
 organized tissue, as stated. It is by such conditions as these that 
 post-mortem examinations demonstrate that consumption has 
 existed in some part of the lungs at some time. 
 
 Arteries last longer than lung tissue, hence they may extend 
 through a cavity where lung tissue is destroyed. As the disease 
 continues, they gradually become weaker until they may rupture 
 during the act of coughing, causing hemorrhage, and sometimes, 
 death. Or the inflammation may allow blood clots to form in 
 the arteries, and they may be obliterated before the advancing 
 disease can reach them. This would lessen nutrition and hasten 
 the disease. An artery may be weakened where it is in close 
 relation with the cavity. This would cause bulging into the 
 cavity and constitute an aneurism (see Aneurism). As fast as 
 the cavity increases the aneurism may continue and fill it, until 
 rupture occurs, which would result in fatal hemorrhage. 
 
 Quick Consumption. — In quick consumption death occurs 
 before many of the changes have time to occur. The cause of 
 quick consumption is, that the system is so overcome with self- 
 generated poisons, as described, that degenerative changes occur 
 in different parts of the body at the same time — the lungs, pleura, 
 digestive tract, peritoneum, kidneys, liver, brain, etc. These 
 cases prove rapidly fatal. 
 
 Symptoms. — The development of the disease is insidious and 
 without the patient's knowledge. There may be a gradual loss 
 of flesh and strength without any known cause. There are 
 digestive disturbances, poor appetite, constipation, or, if consti- 
 pation is not present, the digestive tract is unhealthy. There is 
 a dry cough, a sense of languor, weariness, and sensitiveness to 
 cold. Exertion causes shortness of breath. There is a slight 
 rise in temperature in the afternoon, which may be preceded by 
 a sensation of chilliness during the morning. The fever is higher 
 in the evening and absent in the morning. With the fever there 
 is an increased pulse rate. The patient presents a pallid appear- 
 ance. There may be pain in that part of the lung first affected. 
 In what is called the second stage, the diseased tissue commences 
 to break down and liquefy. This is indicated by increased 
 cough, and by more or less increased expectoration. There is 
 also an increased loss of strength. As the disease continues and 
 the patient grows weaker, there are night sweats and increased 
 emaciation. In all of these conditions the patient remains 
 hopeful. 
 
356 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. We have had a good deal of experience in the treatment 
 of consumption, and wish to state clearly that it is our opinion 
 that drug medication is of but little value. We have been 
 intimately associated with consumptives who have taken med- 
 icines for weeks and months. Many high priced remedies were 
 used, some manufactured in this country and some coming from 
 Germany, but the results were always the same — the disease 
 steadily progressed. If the patient desires to take medicine, the 
 following is recommended: 
 
 Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 5 ounces. 
 Maltine, or some good preparation 
 of Extract of Malt 10 
 
 Put into a pint bottle, mix by shaking the 
 bottle, and take a tablespoonful just before or 
 immediately after meals. 
 
 This aids digestion, and is more in the nature of a food than 
 a medicine. 
 
 The most successful element in the treatment of consump- 
 tion is found in improved hygienic measures, such as occupation, 
 diet, clothing, and abundance of fresh air. Out-of-door exercise 
 should be daily indulged in, but never carried to the point of 
 fatigue. The patient should practice deep breathing in the open 
 air, he should sit or stand erect, the shoulders should be drawn 
 backwards and upwards, and the skin should be kept active by 
 frequent bathing. Large, well- ventilated sleeping rooms should 
 be secured. Diet should be of the most nourishing kind, as 
 eggs, milk, meat, bread and such other food products of this 
 nature as may be desired by the patient. Any article interfering 
 with digestion or nutrition, however, should be promptly set 
 aside. The patient should be strengthened by every known 
 means, and nothing is so well suited for this purpose as pure 
 water, good food, fresh air, sunshine, and absolute freedom of 
 mind and body. 
 
 Digestion is always interfered with in consumption, and 
 when food does not digest it ferments and forms many poisons 
 which are absorbed into the system. This lowers the strength 
 and vitality of the patient and renders him less capable of resist- 
 ing the disease already present. Antiseptics to render the 
 digestive tract free from such fermentative changes are always 
 valuable, and for this purpose perhaps nothing is better than 
 Salol or the Sulphocarbolates ( see Typhoid Fever) . Render- 
 ing the digestive tract healthy aids in relieving fever and night 
 sweats. Night sweats are the result of weakness; fever is caused 
 by the poisons in the system ( see Fever) ; both are a drain 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 357 
 
 upon the patient. Antiseptics aid in removing this condition 
 and increase the value of food products. This means an increase 
 in strength and vitality. 
 
 Disinfectants, such as those mentioned, may be used in the 
 digestive tract with a reasonable degree of certainty; but with 
 medicines it is different. Owing to the numerous changes which 
 medicines undergo after they enter the circulation, their effect 
 upon the lungs is doubtful, and usually without value. It is 
 well known that drug medication produces little, if any, effect 
 upon the disease. Any improvement in the consumptive must 
 be brought about by natural means, as described. The result 
 must come through natural channels. There is no specific. The 
 many high-priced remedies and methods are of no value. 
 
 Regarding climate, if going away breaks up all former asso- 
 ciations and habits, causes business losses that cannot well be 
 borne and renders life a burden, then the patient had much 
 better remain at home. If the favorable influence of a better climate 
 can be obtained in accordance with the patient's former habits 
 and with due regard to his means, occupation, associations and 
 contentment, then the prospects will be more hopeful. 
 
 B. Live and sleep out of doors. Get into pine woods, if 
 possible. Never go inside of a building. — (59). 
 
 C. I will here give a specific treatment in the first stage and 
 often in the second: 
 
 Calomel T V of a grain four times daily. 
 
 Tincture of Iodine — dose, 5 drops in a glass of fresh milk 
 three times a day between meals. 
 
 Thorough massage every one or two days and anointing with 
 Cocoanut or Olive Oil. 
 
 Proper diet, etc. 
 
 This treatment will work wonders if persevered in for weeks, 
 
 and months even. — (30). 
 
 Note — The Calomel is of benefit in keeping the liver active, which is 
 very important. The Iodine acts as a disinfectant, hence is also of value. 
 The Cocoanut and Olive Oils are merely a means of giving nourishment. 
 
 D. Change of climate. Fresh air. Liberal diet. Rest during 
 state of fever. — (39). 
 
 E. Creosote — 8 to 15 drops in one cup of hot water after 
 meals. 
 
 The most nourishing diet should accompany this treatment. 
 
 -(26). 
 
 Note. — Iyike the Iodine recommended above, Creosote is believed to be 
 of value as a disinfectant in the circulation. If unable to take in water, 
 take in milk, in capsule, or by other means. If there is evidence that it 
 disturbs the stomach, its use should be discontinued for a time. 
 
 F. Glycerine and best rye whisky, equal parts, to be taken 
 freely. — (41). 
 
358 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 CONSUMPTION— CIRRHOSIS OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 — There is another recognized form of consumption known as 
 cirrhosis, or hardening, of the lungs. This disease is caused by 
 irritants, such as dust, irritating gases, etc., hence is most fre- 
 quently met in those who work in shops, factories, mills, stone 
 quarries, iron works, and those who manufacture chemicals 
 where irritating gases are produced. The disease consists of a 
 slow process of inflammation, which begins in the upper or larger 
 bronchial tubes, and, extending downward, enters the various 
 branches of the air passages; hence all of both lungs are more or 
 less affected, and therein lies the danger. The result of this 
 inflammation is overgrowth and subsequent contraction of con- 
 nective tissue. The lungs become shrunken and hardened, and 
 the process may continue until the organs are only one-half, one 
 third or even one-fourth their natural size. 
 
 When in this condition, or during this slow process of irrita- 
 tion and inflammation of the lungs, some trivial occurrence, as 
 wet feet or exposure, may result in bronchial catarrh, which 
 ordinarily is easily recovered from, but with the lungs previously 
 inflamed and their vitality at a low ebb, an acute attack of 
 pneumonia or tuberculosis may be precipitated, and under such 
 conditions usually proves rapidly fatal. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Since the disease depends upon irritating dust or vapors, it 
 follows that those suffering from this trouble must secure a 
 change of atmosphere, in fact, change to an atmosphere that is 
 healthful and free from irritants constitutes the ideal treatment 
 or management of a case of this kind. The capacity of the 
 lungs has been destroyed to some extent, and a man suffering 
 with this trouble would not have normal physical endurance 
 even if the disease was checked; there would still remain a loss 
 of lung power, lack of oxygen and interference with elimination, 
 and there would be greater liability to tuberculosis and other 
 diseases. The suggestions and treatment given under Tuber- 
 culosis are applicable to Cirrhosis of the Lungs. 
 
 After a change of atmosphere and occupation, and in order 
 to free the lungs from inflammatory products, some of the 
 Iodides should be taken for a time. Perhaps the Syrup of 
 Hydriodic Acid is as good as any. Take a teaspoonful four 
 times a day — between meals and at bedtime. If there is any 
 evidence of a catarrhal condition of the eyes, lessen the dose, 
 taking about one-half the amount. Any other preparation of 
 Iodine may be taken, if preferred. It should be continued for a 
 month or two. 
 
■• 
 
 '" ./" - 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 i, Vein. 2, Artery. 3, Salivary Duct. 4, 5, Salivary Glands. 6, Vein. 
 7, Lymphatic Gland. 8, Vein. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 359 
 
 TUBERCULOSIS OF THE LYMPH GLANDS- 
 SCROFULA. — In order to properly understand this disease, it 
 is necessary first to give a description of the 
 
 Lymphatic Vessels and Glands. — All parts of the body 
 are pervaded by a system of vessels called the lymphatics. In 
 structure these vessels somewhat resemble the arteries and the 
 veins, although they are much thinner — so thin and transparent 
 that the fluid which circulates through them can be plainly seen. 
 This system of vessels is sometimes called the absorbents, because 
 they absorb certain waste material or products in all parts of the 
 body and return them to the heart, or near the heart, where they 
 are emptied into the veins. The veins carry these products into 
 the heart and they are passed on through the lungs, where many 
 of the impurities are eliminated or purified by the oxygen 
 inhaled during respiration. 
 
 The lymphatic vessels commence, or have their origin, in 
 certain minute spaces or clefts found in connective tissue between 
 adjoining cells, and as this connective tissue acts as a framework 
 for all the organs and structures in the body, it follows that the 
 lymphatic vessels may also be found in every organ and struc- 
 ture. In the digestive tract the lymphatics are supposed to 
 commence by a system of closed extremities; that is, they do not 
 communicate directly with the digestive tract, but nourishment 
 is taken up by them through the process of absorption. 
 
 The circulation of the lymph differs from that of the 
 blood. The blood is sent out through one system of vessels called 
 arteries, and the same blood, containing many impurities, is 
 returned through another system of vessels called veins ; but the 
 lymph flows only in one direction, i. e. y towards the heart. 
 Beginning as minute and delicate vessels between the little cells 
 of the various organs and membranes mentioned, the lymphatics 
 gradually become larger and join together, forming large trunks, 
 which empty into the veins near the heart, as stated. 
 
 What are called the lacteals are the lymphatics leading from 
 the small bowel. They are so named because they contain a 
 light-colored fluid resembling milk; lac means milk, hence lacteals 
 — milk-like. This fluid is also called chyle. It is the product of 
 digestion which has been absorbed and is being carried from the 
 digestive tract to the thoracic duct. The thoracic ducf is a large 
 duct or channel for all of the lymphatics of the body, except 
 those of the right side of the head, neck, right side of the chest 
 cavity, right side of the heart, right lung and upper portion of 
 the liver. It is 15 to 18 inches in length, and commences close 
 to the spinal column in the abdominal cavity near the small of 
 the back. It passes through the chest cavity, runs parallel with 
 the spinal column and a little below the level of the collar bone, 
 
-5o FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 arches forward, and empties into a large vein on the left side 
 near the heart. The lymphatics of the right side of the head, 
 neck, right lung, right side of the heart, right side of the chest 
 cavity and right arm, unite to form a common duct or channel 
 which empties into a corresponding vein on the right side. 
 
 What are called lymphatic glands are small oval bodies situ- 
 ated along the lymphatic vessels, so that the lymph passes 
 through them in its course to the heart. Each gland has a small 
 depression on one side where the blood vessels enter, also where 
 the veins leave the glands. What are called glands are simply 
 dilatations in the lymphatic vessels. The two outer coats of the 
 vessels expand and form what is called the capsule, and from the 
 inner surface of the capsule small processes pass from side to 
 side, dividing the gland into many compartments or spaces. 
 These spaces communicate with each other. The blood vessels 
 which supply the gland are supported by the processes which 
 pass through it, dividing it into the various spaces mentioned. 
 Nerve fibers are also said to be found in the glands. When the 
 two outer coats of the vessels expand to form the glands, the 
 inner coat, which consists of a single layer of cells joined edge to 
 edge like a stone pavement, divides into several branches, and 
 these delicate branches are continued through the gland, re-unite 
 at the opposite side, and pass out as a single vessel in company 
 with the arteries and veins. Their passage through the glands 
 is very tortuous, made so by the passage from one apartment to 
 another. This retards the flow of lymph, and allows poisonous 
 and morbid matter of all kinds to collect, hence the swelling of 
 these glands from disease, as they retain many impurities and 
 poisons. 
 
 Scrofula. — Some claim that scrofula is tuberculosis of the 
 lymph glands; others claim that it is not. Some claim that it is 
 tuberculosis in a latent form, and remains so until some cause or 
 condition stimulates its active development. Probably in the 
 majority of cases what is called scrofula is a condition rather than 
 a disease — a condition in which the general system is unhealthy 
 and the resisting powers are low; and the glands, by reason of 
 their structure, as already described, are especially liable, as 
 poisons and impurities of all kinds collect in them. Eczema, 
 some forms of inflammation of the eye, such as granulated lids 
 or ulcer of the cornea, chronic catarrhal inflammation of the 
 nasal passages, also a catarrhal condition of the middle ear or 
 outer canal, often accompany the condition known as scrofula. 
 Surely these conditions are not tuberculous, but are rather 
 the result of general ill health, bad air, poor food, etc. It is 
 understood, of course, that scrofulous subjects are more liable to 
 tuberculosis, and also to other diseases. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 36^ 
 
 Scrofula is always a chronic condition. If only the super- 
 ficial glands are affected, recovery is the rule and the disease is 
 not apt to return; if the deeper glands are invaded, as those of 
 the lungs, bronchial tubes, abdominal cavity, joints, etc., the 
 disease becomes graver. When the joints are attacked, it may 
 result in the condition known as White Swelling. It is usually a 
 disease of childhood. 
 
 Cause. — The disease may be hereditary. One or both par- 
 ents may be tuberculous, syphilitic, or for some other reason 
 possess poor health. It may be acquired, that is, brought on by 
 poor food, bad air, exposure and other conditions resulting in 
 improper care of the child. It may result from faulty nutrition, 
 as where a child one or two years of age is fed too much meat 
 and other hearty foods, resulting in indigestion and an unhealthy 
 system. It may result from vaccination, measles, whooping 
 cough, and perhaps from other diseases. 
 
 Changes Occurring in Scrofula. — The glands first become 
 swollen and inflamed. If the glands of the lungs or bronchial 
 tubes are affected, adhesions may form and ulceration may 
 penetrate the aesophagus or aorta. The first is the tube which 
 leads to the stomach; the second is the large artery that passes 
 down through the chest cavity. If the glands of the abdominal 
 cavity are involved, adhesions may form and ulcerate into the 
 bowels. These changes do not often occur. 
 
 The periosteum, or thin membrane which surrounds the 
 bones, may become involved and inflamed, and the inflammation 
 may result in suppuration, which may break through on the 
 surface and result in a chronic discharge. The bone beneath 
 the affected periosteum would finally be destroyed, and the dis- 
 charge would become still more chronic. The center of the bone 
 may be attacked first. The unhealthy blood may cause inflam- 
 mation in the marrow of the bone, and the inflammation extend 
 toward the surface. In this case the invasion of the periosteum 
 would be secondary. The disease is chronic, or of slow growth, 
 and a mild form of inflammation of the periosteum might exist 
 for some time before it was destroyed. All bone receives its 
 nourishment from vessels given off from the periosteum, hence 
 the low form of inflammation would result in an increase of the 
 blood supply and there would be an increase of the bone on the 
 surface. This would cause the bone to become enlarged, that is, 
 its circumference would become greater, while its central part 
 would be more or less destroyed. The bones of the thigh, leg, 
 arm, or those of the spinal column, may become affected. When 
 the spinal column is attacked, the destruction of bone weakens 
 the support and results in curvature of the spine. This is called 
 Pot? s Disease . When occurring near the ends of the bones and 
 
362 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 pus forms, it breaks into the joint, causing the white swelling 
 already mentioned; occurring in the hip joint, it constitutes Hip 
 Joint Disease. These affections are described under Bone 
 Diseases. Occurring in the middle ear, it would result in 
 destruction of the periosteum covering the chain of movable 
 bones, or it might extend to the mastoid process and by destruc- 
 tion of bone reach the brain, resulting in brain abscess. 
 
 The more serious forms here described are not often met. 
 Usually it is the more superficial glands that are affected, and of 
 these perhaps those of the neck are oftenest invaded. 
 
 Symptoms. — The affected glands become enlarged. At first 
 the glands are movable, but later the inflammation extends to 
 the skin, the skin becomes somewhat reddened and the glands 
 more adherent. In case of suppuration the abscess might break 
 on the surface and result in a chronic discharge, or "run- 
 ning sore. ' ' There is frequently, but not always, some form of 
 skin disease, of which eczema is the most frequent. There may 
 be a catarrhal condition of the nasal cavities. The discharge in 
 such cases is unhealthy, the nose is swollen, and the upper lip 
 may become involved and swollen. When the periosteum or 
 membrane covering the bones of the nose becomes inflamed, the 
 bone beneath dies for want of nourishment. This results in a 
 thin, purulent discharge from the nose, which gives a very- 
 offensive odor. The tonsils are often enlarged. Unhealthy 
 sores may occur in the skin. If the middle ear or external canal 
 is involved, there is a chronic discharge, as in other situations. 
 The child at the same time shows a general condition of ill 
 health. The most prominent symptom is enlargement of the 
 glands. Occurring in the neck, the side of the neck becomes 
 swollen. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment should be general. Where there is suppura- 
 tion, local treatment is also required. The disease is systemic — 
 the whole system is unhealthy, and it can be readily seen that 
 successful or satisfactory results can be obtained only with the 
 most careful attention to diet and hygiene. The treatment re- 
 quired in this respect is the same as that given under tuberculosis. 
 Where the child is pale and anaemic, Syrup of Iodide of Iron in 
 from 5- to 10- or 15-grain doses should be given according to age. 
 Give diluted with a little Glycerine and water between meals and 
 at bedtime. From 2- to 3- or 5 -grain doses of Salol, or the 
 Sulphocarbolates (see Index), should also be given at meal time, 
 and the bowels kept regular. 
 
 Cod L,iver Oil is highly recommended for this and many 
 other diseases, yet the benefit of Cod Liver Oil is simply in the 
 
DISH ASUS AND TREATMENTS. 363 
 
 nourishment that it contains. In many cases it is almost impos- 
 sible to give it because of its taste. For cases of this kind we 
 especially recommend the preparation of Cod Iyiver Oil found in 
 the Miscellaneous Medical Receipts (see Index) . To be of 
 value it must be given in large doses — from 2 to 4 or more tea- 
 spoonfuls at meal time. 
 
 Where the spine is affected, where there is suppuration into 
 joints, or where the glands of the neck are involved, surgical 
 treatment is required. 
 
 TUMORS. — A tumor is an overgrowth or abnormal de- 
 velopment. Inflammatory swellings are sometimes called tumors, 
 but tumors differ both in shape and size from the normal tissue 
 in which they are found. The growth of a tumor is independent, 
 that is, it is continued when the rest of the body is only being 
 maintained in its normal state; or when the tumor is growing the 
 body may be losing in weight. This is especially true of cancer. 
 Those tumors which end fatally are termed malignant; those which 
 are not destructive to life are called benign. 
 
 Tumors are named according to the part in which they are 
 found, thus: Ckojidroma means a tumor springing from cartilage; 
 osteoma, one springing from bone; myoma, springing from muscle; 
 neuroma, a nerve tumor; myxoma (mucous), so-called when 
 degenerative changes have produced a gelatinous substance re- 
 sembling mucus; lipoma, a tumor containing much fat. Birth 
 marks are sometimes called angioma, meaning a blood tumor, 
 and are caused by the dilatation of blood vessels which lie just 
 beneath the skin. 
 
 Benign tumors, or those not destructive to life, are common 
 connective tissue overgrowths. Usually their only danger is 
 their mechanical interference with the surrounding structures. 
 However, they may rotate at the point where they are attached 
 (pedicle) , and this may cause pressure and check the return circula- 
 tion. In this case the veins would become congested, and might 
 rupture and be followed by hemorrhage. Inflammation or sup- 
 puration might follow, or inflammatory adhesion might occur, 
 the tumor becoming attached to some of the surrounding 
 tissues or structures. It might grow fast to the bowel and this 
 might cause inflammation and perforation into the digestive 
 tract, and be followed by death (seldom). Pressure might 
 cause inflammation of the kidneys, constipation, spasms or local 
 paralysis, or the pressure might interfere with the circulation, 
 cause enlargement of the heart and be followed by degenerative 
 changes. None of these conditions often occur, yet they should 
 be considered of sufficient importance for the removal of benign 
 tumors. 
 
364 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — Surgical. 
 
 TYPHOID FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 
 
 TYPHOID PNEUMONIA. — (See Pneumonia under 
 
 lyUNGS, DISEASES OF). 
 
 TYPHUS FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 
 
 UREMIA. — Uraemia is a condition where the blood is 
 poisoned by the retention of urea and other waste products that 
 are normally eliminated by the kidneys. The trouble is mostly 
 due to the retention of urea. 
 
 Cause. — Suppression or decrease in the amount of urine 
 eliminated; hence it may follow Bright' 's Disease, tumors that 
 make pressure on the kidneys, Tuberculosis, or any condition or 
 disease that interferes with the action of the kidneys. The 
 more serious forms of this disease are probably the result of 
 pregnancy where the enlarged uterus crowds upon and inter- 
 feres with the kidney action. 
 
 Symptoms. — First there is a decrease in the amount of urine. 
 Where the case is not severe, the symptoms may come on grad- 
 ually in the form of headache, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, 
 vomiting, and chills or chilliness. The mind may become dull, 
 stupor may result, and this may increase to profound coma. 
 
 The disease is most often encountered in cases of confine- 
 ment. Here the symptoms are apt to be more sudden and severe. 
 The first symptom may be that of convulsions, which, if not 
 relieved, follow each other in rapid succession. The patient may 
 scarcely regain consciousness between the convulsive attacks. If 
 relief is not had, death soon follows ( see Puerperal Convul- 
 sions) . 
 
 Some cases of uraemia may resemble apoplexy; for instance, 
 where unconsciousness is present and convulsions are absent, but 
 in apoplexy there is paralysis, elevation of temperature, and deep, 
 heavy breathing — sjioring. In uraemic coma or sleep the breath- 
 ing is sharper and more rapid, the temperature is below normal, 
 and the urine contains albumen. It should be remembered that 
 the urine of a person suffering with apoplexy may also contain 
 albumen. Apoplexy usually comes on suddenly; a uraemic attack 
 may do the same. In apoplexy there are no convulsions; in 
 uraemic poisoning convulsions are the rule. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Uraemic poisoning always 
 requires the services of a physician. On the first indication of 
 such poisoning send for the doctor, and in the meantime make 
 every effort to produce profuse perspiration. 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 365 
 
 Where there are no convulsions and the symptoms do not 
 indicate immediate danger, git e an active cathartic, put the patient 
 to bed, cover with heavy qui>s, give hot drinks, and put a large 
 hot poultice across the small of the back over the kidneys. This 
 should be changed frequently. Many families have what are 
 called hot air bath cabinets, in which sweating is produced by 
 means of an alcohol lamp. Where such conveniences are at hand, 
 they may be used in place of the hot drinks and heavy quilts 
 mentioned. Profuse sweating is somewhat debilitating, and 
 especially to a patient suffering with this disease, hence free ven- 
 tilation or a free exchange of air should be maintained — if not 
 during the process of sweating, it should be provided for imme- 
 diately afterwards. With plenty of clothing or covering there 
 will be no danger of taking cold. Stimulants should be given, if 
 needed. 
 
 After free elimination has been secured both by the skin and 
 bowels, the patient should be put on a milk diet as described 
 under Bright' s Disease. 
 
 When the attack is ushered in with convulsions, see treat- 
 ment under Puerperal Convulsions. 
 
 URIC ACID. — Uric acid is a product of digestion resulting 
 principally from animal food, as meat and eggs. It is irritating 
 to the system, and its presence is believed to be one of the causes 
 for many diseases, both acute and chronic. When present, it is 
 carried by the circulation and is continually rasping through the 
 system, producing pain and inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — Its presence may be suspected when any of the 
 symptoms of neuralgia or muscular rheumatism are present. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. An infallible remedy is to live on vegetables, cereals and 
 fruits. Eat no meat, and rn three months all uric acid will have 
 vanished. This never fails. If you will show me one who never 
 eats meat of any kind, I will show you one that never has rheu- 
 matism, neuralgia or gout; yes, and no malaria. — (30). 
 
 B. Small daily doses of alkali, such as Lithium Citrate or 
 Carbonate, together with abstemious and restricted diet. — (31). 
 
 C. Large draughts of hot water with steam or sweat baths. 
 Some natural Lithia water is better than pure water. — (32). 
 
 D. Potassium Bicarbonate 2 drachms. 
 
 Citric Acid..... 10 grains. 
 
 Water 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Take tablespoonful in water every 
 four hours. — (34). 
 
366 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Note. — Remedies to neutralize or eliminate uric acid afford but tem- 
 porary relief. So long as the acid is being continually generated in the 
 system all treatment will fail, or at least prove unsatisfactory. Treatment 
 to be of benefit must consist of preventive measures, and this means a 
 vegetable diet. 
 
 URINE, INCONTINENCE OF.— (See under Chil- 
 dren's Diseases.) 
 
 URINE, RETENTION OF.— (See also under Bladder, 
 Diseases of) . 
 
 Recommended Treatments. — 
 
 A. Hot baths aided by hot drinks to produce sweating are 
 among the simple and very efficient remedies. — (40). 
 
 B. Hot applications over bladder. Stand behind patient 
 and pour water from one dish to another to make a sound like 
 that of passing urine. — (41). 
 
 C. Water-melon seed tea. — (20). 
 
 D. Hot baths to produce sweating. Cream of Tartar — tea- 
 spoonful in water every three hours until bowels move. — (39). 
 
 E. Let some one in the presence of the patient pour from 
 one vessel to another a small stream of water. Place flannel 
 wrung out of hot water over lower part of abdomen. — (35). 
 
 F. Injections of large quantities of very warm water per 
 rectum. — (29). 
 
 G. Application of cloths wrung out of hot vinegar. — (55). 
 
 URINE, PAINFUL.— (See Dysuria, under Bladder, 
 Diseases of). 
 
 VARICOSE VEINS.— In this condition the veins are 
 permanently dilated or enlarged. The enlargement is not uniform, 
 being greater in some parts than others. This gives the vein a 
 tortuous course, which is rendered still more tortuous because 
 of the fact that the vein is considerably lengthened. 
 
 The bulging or dilatation commences wherever the walls of 
 the veins are weakened, perhaps more often just behind the 
 valves. Nearly all of the veins of the body are supplied with 
 valves, which aid in the return circulation — that carrying the 
 venous blood to the heart. Another point that is apt to be 
 weakened is where the small veins join the larger trunk or 
 channel. As the veins become dilated, the valves do not fit and 
 fail to aid in the onflow of blood. This allows dilatation to in- 
 crease still more. When the trouble affects the valves of the 
 spermatic vein, it is called Varicocele; when affecting those in the 
 lower rectum, it is called Hemorrhoids^ or Piles. It may occur in 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. $6? 
 
 the leg during or soon after pregnancy when this condition ob- 
 structs the return flow to such an extent that dilatation of the 
 vein results. 
 
 Cause. — There are several causes which influence this 
 condition. The most important is a weak heart action. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dilatation of the veins, tortuous course and dis- 
 coloration. The veins look darker than usual because the flow 
 of blood is sluggish and contains an abnormal amount of 
 impurities. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Many cases may be benefited by strengthening the heart 
 action and by having the patient lie down several hours during 
 the day, at the same time giving careful attention to diet, good 
 ventilation, etc. In varicocele of the leg, the greatest benefit 
 results from bandaging. A cloth bandage is often used. A 
 rubber bandage about two or three inches wide is better. Best 
 of all in this form of treatment is a silk elastic stocking. These 
 are made to fit any part of the leg. The trouble is usually most 
 severe below the knee. Measurement should be taken in the 
 morning before the patient gets up. Take a tape line, draw it 
 quite snug, and measure accurately the distance around the instep 
 and hollow of the foot, around the heel and over the instep, 
 around the ankle, around the largest part of the calf of the leg, 
 and around the smallest part just below the knee. The silk stock- 
 ing should be ordered to correspond to such measurement. 
 It can be ordered by any druggist. Many cases are very satis- 
 factorily treated by this method. Both limbs are usually affected. 
 
 Surgical treatment consists of making an incision, or usually 
 a number of incisions, down to the vein, tying it at different 
 points and excising or removing the part between the ligatures. 
 In the leg the vein in most cases is easily reached because it is 
 superficial, lying just beneath the skin. This is another reason 
 why such veins are most often affected. They have no muscular 
 support other than that found in the walls of the veins 
 themselves. 
 
 In Varicocele the bandaging is replaced by a supensory band. 
 If this fails, the vein is sometimes treated surgically. In case of 
 Hemorrhoids, see treatment under that head. 
 
 B. In the legs, bandage from the toes up with elastic bandage. 
 -(32)- 
 
 C. Five drops Extract of Witch Hazel four times a day. 
 Rubber stocking on limbs. — (41). 
 
VENEREAL DISEASES. 
 
 SYPHILIS. — Syphilis is a chronic constitutional disease. 
 It is also infectious, and may readily be conveyed from one to 
 another. It may be hereditary or acquired; most cases are 
 acquired. It may be communicated in many ways, as by pipes, 
 drinking cups, or any condition or circumstance that brings the 
 individual in contact with the poison wherever it may exist. 
 The disease is usually communicated, however, by venereal 
 practice, and makes its appearance about the third week after 
 exposure and invasion. 
 
 There are said to be three stages of this disease, but the first 
 two only properly belong to syphilis. What is called the third 
 stage is not syphilis. The disease proper is not present. The 
 conditions are simply those of a wrecked and wasted constitution 
 as a result of the chronic inflammation spread throughout the 
 system by this disease. It may be communicated in the first or 
 second stage, but not in the third stage. 
 
 First Stage. — The first outward effect of syphilis is limited 
 to the point where the inoculation occurs, and is in the form of a 
 small sore called chancre — meaning cancerous — because of its 
 tendency to destroy. This sore may appear any time from ten 
 to ninety- five days after exposure — never earlier or later. 
 
 Second Stage. — This stage includes the rash, and usually 
 makes its appearance about six weeks after the appearance of 
 the primary sore. In this stage the disease affects the skin, 
 mucous membrane, and various other structures of the body. 
 
 Third Stage. — This stage makes its appearance from two 
 to five years after the beginning of the attack. In those who 
 are physically weak, it might appear earlier. It consists of 
 chronic lumpy or gummy growths, which may ulcerate, and 
 which possess an inherited tendency to destroy tissue. Any or 
 all of the important organs, such as the liver, lungs, kidneys, 
 brain, spinal cord, etc., may be attacked. The disease also 
 attacks and destroj^s bone as readily as other structures. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is a specific virus or poison, which has 
 never been discovered, therefore cannot be described. Syphilis, 
 small-pox, hydrophobia, scarlet fever and other diseases, are 
 caused by a specific poison. This poison produces what is called 
 a zymotic or diseased fermentation in the system, just as yeast 
 cells produce fermentation in bread-making. Yeast is composed 
 
 368 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 369 
 
 of small cells, about -g-oW of an inch in diameter. The products 
 of a diseased fermentation in the body resulting from a specific 
 poison or virus produce a morbid effect upon the system, and 
 affect the appetite and the red blood corpuscles. The blood 
 becomes diseased, and the tissues throughout the body are 
 brought under these lowering tendencies. 
 
 Symptoms of the First Stage. — The first symptom of syphilis 
 is the appearance of the initial sore or chancre. This occurs at 
 the point where the inoculation took place, and is followed by 
 what is called buboes — swelling of the glands in the groin. The 
 disease is constitutional from the beginning; that is, it is not 
 confined to the initial sore. A chancre is but a local manifesta- 
 tion of a systemic disease; in other words, with the first appear- 
 ance of the sore the man has syphilis. Chancre is a small hard 
 swelling, the result of inflammation. There is no pus from the 
 chancre, though if other sores, such as chancroid, occur with 
 chancre, pus may form. If there are more than one chancre, 
 they all appear at the same time. A chancre disappears with the 
 secondary symptoms, whether it has been treated or not. 
 
 Chancroid. — The name chancroid is applied to a sore that 
 resembles chancre. This form may occur with chancre or may 
 follow chancre, occurring at different points at different times. A 
 chancroid appears from three to nine days after exposure, and 
 there are usually more than one. 
 
 If more than one true chancre 
 occurs, they occur all at once. 
 
 True chancre never appears 
 before ten days after exposure, 
 or later than ninety-five days, 
 — usually three weeks after. 
 
 True chancres are hard. 
 
 True chancres do not ulcerate, 
 and bleed easily. 
 
 In true chancre the glands in 
 the groin always enlarge, but 
 seldom suppurate. Suppuration 
 occurs in about one case in 
 twenty-eight. 
 
 Enlargement of the glands 
 in the groin may follow gonor- 
 rhea. 
 
 In true chancre the glands 
 are movable. 
 24 
 
 Chancroid is a local disease, 
 and each succeeding sore means 
 a new infection from the one 
 before it. 
 
 Chancroid, or false chancre, 
 always appears before ten days 
 — usually from three to five 
 days after exposure. 
 
 False chancres are soft. 
 
 False chancres ulcerate and 
 do not bleed. 
 
 In false chancre the glands 
 enlarge on an average in only 
 one-third of the cases, and 
 always suppurate. 
 
 In false chancre they are not. 
 
370 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Over false chancre the skin 
 is red and inflamed. 
 
 Following false chancre, 
 these glands do not enlarge. 
 
 Over true chancre the skin is 
 natural. 
 
 With or before the appear- 
 ance of the secondary stage in 
 syphilis, the glands at the back 
 of the neck and elbow enlarge. 
 
 Symptoms of the Second Stage. — The symptoms of secondary 
 syphilis may occur soon after the appearance of the chancre or 
 may be delayed for two years. At the beginning of this stage 
 there is a rash covering the body and upper and lower extremi- 
 ties, and also appearing on the face and hands. Before the 
 appearance of the rash there are usually some constitutional 
 symptoms. The patient does not feel well, and perhaps does not 
 sleep well. There is disturbance of the appetite, there may be 
 slight fever and headache, and in some cases there are chills. 
 These symptoms disappear with the appearance of the rash. 
 
 There are several forms of the rash. There may be pimples, 
 vesicles or pustules. If a pimple enlarges and contains fluid, it 
 is called a vesicle; if the fluid in the vesicle changes to pus, it is 
 called a pustule. Sometimes the pimples are bright red at first, 
 and the skin may have a reddish appearance, but the color soon 
 becomes darker. Or there may be tubercles. The tubercles in- 
 dicate a more serious condition. 
 
 Usually the rash comes out in large, coarse spots. These spots 
 have well defined borders, that is, they do not merge gradually 
 into the healthy skin, but the edge remains distinct and is easily 
 recognized. The spot presents a bronze or copper color. In all 
 forms of syphilis there is a copper-colored tinge to the rash. 
 When pimples or vesicles occur, they are surrounded by a copper- 
 colored ring. 
 
 Tubercles do not often appear. When they do, they are 
 large, and of a dark, muddy, or bluish-red color. They ulcerate 
 and give a very foul odor. The discharge may dry on the sur- 
 face, forming crusts or scales, and when these are removed, 
 ulceration will be found going on beneath. As stated, this is 
 evidence of a very serious case. 
 
 During the secondary stage the hair may fall out. Usually 
 the hair comes out in patches here and there, but the patient 
 may become entirely bald. The finger nails may become loosened 
 and drop off. The mucous membrane is also affected in this 
 stage. Patches of mucous membrane in the nose, mouth and 
 throat, may become inflamed and ulcerate. 
 
 Symptoms of the Third Stage. — What is called the third 
 stage is not syphilis. The man may be shattered, debilitated, 
 devitalized — may be a physical wreck covered with great sores 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 371 
 
 which are eating their way through his body, but he has not 
 syphilis. Syphilis is a disease that is readily communicated from 
 one to another. It may be communicated by the blood, or by the 
 secretions of the body. In what is called the third stage the disease 
 cannot be transmitted to another. There is no poison or virus 
 present in the system. The man has not the disease. His con- 
 dition is simply the result of the poisons that have been present. 
 It is simply the evidence of the terrible struggle which has been 
 going on for months, and perhaps years. Nutrition is at a low 
 ebb. The powers of resistance are lacking, hence the large ulcers 
 that appear here and there, meeting with little or no opposition, 
 make rapid and fatal inroads, destroying all structures, whether 
 of bone or soft tissue. At this time any tissue may be attacked 
 — the liver, lungs, brain, spinal cord, the nose, or upper jaw. 
 Syphilis is a common cause of Locomotor Ataxia. 
 
 During this stage also, large gummy tumors are formed, so- 
 called because they are soft and later break down and may 
 ulcerate. Nutrition is so low and the tissues attacked have been 
 so saturated with poison that the inflamed areas cannot organize, 
 hence the appearance of the condition termed gummy. The 
 morbid effects of these tumors or sores, when once started, easily 
 maintain control over the surrounding tissues, and thus they 
 " eat" their way through all structures. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 We admit we have treated but a limited number of these 
 cases, yet we have seen the disease in its worst form, where the 
 patient was devoid of all resemblance to a human being — nose 
 gone, eyelids gone, lips eaten away, holes through the cheek 
 and into the neck and arms, and necrosed patches in the skull 
 bone. It may be said of such, however, that their tortures are 
 but a part of the stupendous machinery of Eternal justice. The 
 only cause for regret is that the innocent must suffer with the 
 guilty, as the disease is perpetuated by hereditary taint. Others 
 may be led innocently into committing a crime. 
 
 For the initial sore or chancre very little need be done. 
 Burning or cutting out the part is of no value, and inflicts need- 
 less pain. It is of no value because, as stated in the beginning, 
 the disease is already in the system and the primar}^ sore is only 
 local evidence. The spot is usually treated by keeping it clean 
 and dusting it with equal parts of Subnitrate of Bismuth and 
 Calomel. Iodoform is equally as good, but its odor is unpleasant. 
 As stated, the spot disappears sooner or later with or without 
 treatment. 
 
 The treatment for the second stage, or the stage where the 
 rash appears, is some form of Mercury, taken internally. Any 
 
372 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 of the mercurial salts may be used, but the Bichloride of Mercury, 
 or Corrosive Sublimate, is the one usually given. This may be 
 given in doses of ^V of a grain three times a day at the beginning, 
 and increased until the patient experiences some local effect. 
 This is called the physiological effect. It consists of diarrhea, 
 pain in the stomach and bowels, a metallic taste in the mouth, 
 and a soreness of the gums and teeth. The earliest evidence in 
 the teeth may be experienced by bringing the jaws suddenly 
 together. If any effect is being produced, the teeth will feel 
 sore. If any one or all of these symptoms are present, they 
 indicate that the patient is taking more than he can stand. The 
 treatment should then be discontinued for a few days, and begun 
 again with smaller doses. This treatment is continued for a 
 long time — usually about six months — then the patient is given 
 a rest for three months, and the treatment continued during the 
 next three months. 
 
 With those who are unable to take Mercury in sufficient 
 doses by the stomach, it is sometimes given by other means. It 
 may be applied externally in the form of ointment, or ^ ounce 
 of Corrosive Sublimate may be dissolved in water in which the 
 patient takes a bath. Dissolve the Corrosive Sublimate in water 
 enough to cover the patient in a bath tub, then cover with a 
 quilt, allowing only the face to be exposed. Guard the eyes, 
 nose and mouth. With those who can take large doses of Mercury 
 baths are also beneficial, but in these cases it is not necessary to 
 put any Corrosive Sublimate into the bath. 
 
 The most nourishing food is required, also proper clothing — 
 wool worn next to the skin is usually advised. An abundance of 
 fresh air should be secured, and every care should be given to the 
 general health. If the hair commences to fall out, some stimu- 
 lating application should be applied to the scalp. If ulcers form, 
 these should be treated the same as ulcers from any other cause. 
 If there is inflammation of the eye or interference with sight, 
 increase the amount of Corrosive Sublimate. If the mucous 
 membrane in the mouth, throat or nose is affected, use an}' means 
 to maintain thorough cleanliness. These spots are sometimes 
 touched lightly with pure Nitrate of Silver. Spray the affected 
 surface with Peroxide of Hydrogen. If the teeth become loose, 
 stop the Mercury for a time and for a few days give Atropine — 
 2~§-ff of a grain every hour or two until the throat is dry, the face 
 is red, or until the pupil of the eyes becomes dilated; then for a 
 day or two give the same amount every three hours. 
 
 In what is called the third stage of the disease, Iodine is 
 taken internally in some form, usually the Iodide of Potash. 
 This is given in large doses. Some recommend 15 to 20 grains 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 373 
 
 three times a day, taken two hours after meals. Some give as 
 high as 1 drachm three times a day between meals, and even this 
 amount is exceeded in some cases. 
 
 The foregoing is the usual routine treatment, but we wish to 
 give a prescription that, while differing somewhat from that 
 given, has made many a doctor famous for the treatment of this 
 disease. It is as follows: 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 4 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Potash 4 drachms. 
 
 Syrup of Tolu 3 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 1 " 
 
 Mix. Give 1 teaspoonful two hours after 
 meals and at bedtime. If it disturbs the 
 stomach or interferes with digestion, lessen 
 the dose, or take less often. This treatment 
 may be taken up at the beginning of, or any 
 time during the second stage. 
 
 For the persistent and determined sores and ulcers that are 
 present in what is called the third stage, use the same antiseptic 
 treatment as in ulcers caused by any other disease. Keep them 
 thoroughly cleansed. Wash them out with Peroxide of Hydro- 
 gen, with a solution of Carbolic Acid in water, or by other means 
 render the surface as clean and healthy as possible. 
 
 Or, the following treatments for any form of ulcer have been 
 recommended and are equally applicable here: 
 
 Ulcers. — 
 
 A. Wash with water colored with Blue Stone. Afterwards 
 apply hot mutton tallow. — (32). 
 
 Note. — If there is suppuration, do not cover the surface with any form 
 of ointment. 
 
 B. One of the best dressings I have ever used for old ulcers 
 is a mixture of Balsam Peru in Castor Oil of a strength of 5% 
 Balsam. Of course the adjuncts of rest and cleanliness are 
 necessary . — (31). 
 
 GONORRHEA. — This is a contagious, inflammatory state 
 of the urethra in the male and the vagina in the female, 
 accompanied by a discharge partly mucus and partly pus. It may 
 extend to the bladder in the male, or to the womb and ovaries in 
 the female, and sometimes to the rectum. It may also be trans- 
 ferred to the eye, setting up a most violent and dangerous 
 inflammation. New-born children may be infected during birth, 
 and in such cases the utmost attention is necessary to save the 
 eye-sight. Many cases of blindness are due to this disease. 
 
 Cause. — There are two causes for inflammation of the 
 mucous membrane of the urethra. One cause is contagion; the 
 
374 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 other is not. The non-contagious variety may be the result of 
 the passing of sounds or instruments into the bladder, or the 
 passage of foreign bodies — an excessive amount of gravel is an 
 example — from urine that is highly acid, as sometimes results 
 from indigestion. It may be caused by eczema extending along 
 the mucous membrane lining the canal, by tuberculosis, or by an 
 enlarged prostate. The contagious variety is caused by a certain 
 specific ferment, which sets up inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — The disease usually appears in from three to 
 five days after exposure. The first symptom in the male is at 
 the opening or end of the urethra. This part is deep red in color 
 and swollen. Internally, the mucous membrane is swollen, and 
 urination is difficult as the inflammation lessens the size of the 
 canal. There is also a slight discharge of mucus, which later 
 contains pus. The inflammation increases for the first week, 
 then remains stationary for another week. There is considerable 
 pain when urinating. The inflammation then extends back- 
 wards, and in a day or so the discharge is thick and yellow. If 
 the inflammation reaches the neck of the bladder, there is .a 
 frequent desire to urinate. The glands in the groin may become 
 swollen and may suppurate. In different cases the severity of the 
 symptoms vary greatly. Occasionally an annoying feature of this 
 disease is the condition known as Chordee, which means a painful 
 erection and downward curvature of the external reproductive 
 organ in the male. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — Consult a competent physician at the earliest 
 opportunity. In the meantime and throughout the whole course 
 of the disease, the patient must observe certain rules. His diet 
 should be light and cooling. No highly seasoned foods should be 
 eaten. No alcoholic stimulants or tobacco should be used, but 
 plenty of water should be drank. Frequent bathing of the 
 affected parts is beneficial for their cleansing and cooling. Sexual 
 excitement, violent exercise, dancing, late hours, etc., should be 
 avoided. The most rigid care should be taken to destroy the 
 discharges. 
 
 A. Add 4 grains of Permanganate of Potash to 4 ounces of 
 water and inject twice a day, retaining the injection for two or 
 three minutes. This, with a plain diet, the absence of all stimu- 
 lants, and supporting the parts with a suspensory bandage, wil! 
 in most cases result in a permanent cure, 
 
 or, 
 
 Oleo-resin of Cubebs and Copaiba, 10 drops of each, taken in 
 capsule form three or four times a day, 
 
 or, 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 375 
 
 Ten drops of pure Oil of Sandal Wood in capsule, taken 
 three times a day. 
 
 Note. — The injection method is the most satisfactory means of treating 
 this disease as the remedy is thus applied directly to the diseased part. 
 Internal medication is seldom needed, and is more or less uncertain as so 
 many changes take place in the remedies before they reach the affected 
 area. Again, most internal remedies used for this disease give the breath 
 an offensive and suggestive odor. 
 
 B. Sulphate of Zinc 2 grains. 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 5 drops. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Use as an injection often. — (n). 
 
 C. Put patient to bed and use frequent douches of warm 
 Boric Acid solution. Add Permanganate of Potash — 1 grain to 
 the ounce of water, and inject every day or two. — (3). 
 
 D. Chordee. — Keep the bowels active. Low diet, no meat or 
 alcohol. Sleep in cool room. At bedtime take the following, 
 largely diluted in sweetened water: 
 
 Chloral 10 grains. 
 
 Bromide of Potash 30 " 
 
 The dose may be increased if necessary. Do not take this 
 unless trouble is feared. Should it occur, the application of cold 
 water is a simple remedy, and one of the best for immediate 
 relief. 
 
 GLEET. — Gleet means a chronic discharge from any 
 mucous surface or membrane, but is generally understood to mean 
 from that lining the urethra, and following gonorrhea. 
 
 Cause. — Following gonorrhea, if a perfect cure is not 
 obtained, inflammation lingers at some point and results in 
 an overgrowth of connective tissue. The contraction of this 
 tissue lessens the size of the canal at that point, forming what is 
 called a stricture. The efforts at urination gradually cause dis- 
 tension of the urethra just behind the stricture, and this 
 saculated formation always contains urine as the stricture renders 
 urination incomplete. These conditions serve to maintain a 
 chronic form of inflammation, hence the chronic discharge. 
 Or gleet may be caused by irritation from an enlarged prostate 
 gland. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment consists of a gradual distension of the stric- 
 ture by the use of sounds. Sometimes it is necessary to cut the 
 stricture in order to render dilation more complete. The 
 bladder should be washed out two or three times a week with 
 pure water containing 6 drachms of Boric Acid to the pint, after 
 
376 FA VORITH MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 which the urethra should be injected with a solution of pure 
 water and Permanganate of Zinc — i grain of the Zinc to an 
 ounce of water. It will be necessary to continue both the dila- 
 tion of the stricture and the medication for some time. 
 
 VOMITING.— Recommended Treatments. — 
 
 A. Salicin i drachm. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 2 drachms . 
 
 Mix, and put into % glass of water, stir, 
 and take 1 teaspoonful every ten to fifteen 
 minutes. 
 
 Or, 
 
 White of 1 Fresh Egg 
 
 Common Starch 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Granulated Sugar 1 " 
 
 Beat for five or ten minutes. Give patient 
 1 teaspoonful every ten to fifteen minutes. 
 
 Or, 
 
 White of 1 fresh egg in ]/ 2 glass of water. Stir 
 thoroughly and let the patient drink 1 tea- 
 spoonful every few minutes. — (61). 
 
 B. Apply Mustard plasters over the stomach. Mint tea, 
 such as Peppermint, Spearmint, etc., may be taken in small 
 quantities, or weak Camphor sling may be given. Crust coffee 
 is also good. 
 
 If convenient to a drug store, get Oxalate of Cerium and give 
 2- or 3 -grain doses every twenty or thirty minutes, as needed, 
 until vomiting is controlled. 
 
 C. Pour boiling water over parched rice, coffee, corn or 
 bread crust. L,et stand for a few minutes, strain or let settle, 
 and take 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls every twenty or thirty minutes. 
 Take clear — no sugar or milk. — (32). 
 
 D. Paregoric — dose, ^ to 1 teaspoonful in a small amount 
 of hot water, repeated every half hour, is a specific. — (30). 
 
 WARTS. — (See under description of Skin). 
 
 WATER BRASH. — This is an accompaniment of stomach 
 troubles, and means the burning sensation in the stomach 
 followed with sour eructations. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See under Acidity of the Stomach. 
 
 WATER ON THE BRAIN.— (See Hydrocephalus under 
 Dropsy). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 
 
 377 
 
 WEN, or SEBACEOUS CYST.— This is simply an 
 enlargement of a sebaceous, or oil, gland. It will be remembered 
 that these glands are placed just beneath the skin, and by means 
 of a small duct open into a hair follicle (see description of Skin). 
 The duct becomes closed, and the gland, continuing to secrete or 
 furnish the usual amount of oily fluid, enlarges. The sac or 
 membrane which forms the gland becomes thickened and tough. 
 In size these cysts vary all the way from a pea to a walnut. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is not very clear. The wen usually occurs 
 around joints, therefore lifting or straining may cause injury 
 with the result that a duct becomes closed. 
 
 Symptoms — These growths come on very slowly. There is no 
 pain or inconvenience, except such as is occasioned by their size. 
 They are freely movable, and are filled with a fluid that some- 
 what resembles the white of an egg. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Complete and thorough removal of the growth with a knife. 
 While this is comparatively easy, it would require the services of 
 a physician. It is not necessary to give an anaesthetic, except 
 such as may be applied locally, and in most cases even that is not 
 needed. The cavity is lined with a membrane which must be 
 destroyed, otherwise the secretions will be reproduced and the 
 trouble will return. 
 
 WHITE SWELLING.-(See under Joints, Diseases of). 
 WHITLOW.— This means a felon. (See Felon). 
 
 WHOOPING COU GH— PERTUSSIS.— This is a 
 
 contagious disease, usually of childhood, characterized by violent 
 fits of convulsive coughing, which recur at intervals and end 
 with a whoop and the expectoration of a small amount of mucous 
 secretion. It commences about one week after exposure, and 
 usually lasts from six to eight weeks. It is seldom fatal. 
 
 Cause. — Some form of infection or poison which is unknown. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first evidence is that of a catarrhal cold. 
 The catarrhal evidence is manifested in the eyes and nasal cavi- 
 ties. There is a little hoarseness, and the temperature is slightly 
 raised in the evening. There may be a sense of tickling in the 
 throat, which results in a short, dry cough. The first week consti- 
 tutes what is called the catarrhal stage. The coughing increases 
 gradually until it comes on in paroxysms, when the face becomes 
 red, and perhaps dark purple, the eyes project, and the child often 
 seizes the nearest object for support. The coughing continues 
 until the expiratory effort of respiration is exhausted, after which 
 
 
378 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 there is a deep inspiratory effort which produces the peculiar 
 whoop, caused by the air rushing into the lungs; hence the term 
 Whooping Cough. These efforts are repeated two or three times, or 
 until they are followed by the expectoration of a little mucous 
 secretion. The disease usually disappears as gradually as it came. 
 During a spasm of coughing the glottis, or space between 
 the vocal chords through which the air passes, is narrowed, and 
 but little air reaches the lungs. The muscles of the throat are 
 rendered tense, circulation becomes stagnant, and the pulmonary 
 artery is congested. This is the artery through which the venous 
 blood passes from the right side of the heart into the lungs. 
 During congestion of this artery the right side of the heart cannot 
 empty itself, and this dams back the venous blood in ail parts of 
 the body. This condition, together with a lack of oxygen, is 
 what causes the child to turn so blue, or to " get black in the 
 face. ' ' 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The Bromides, Chloral, Belladonna or its active prin- 
 ciple, Atropine, and various other remedies used for coughs and 
 colds have been used, and perhaps are still recommended for 
 whooping cough. There is no specific for this disease, however, 
 and in some cases the cough is persistent and severe in spite of 
 treatment. The child should be protected from sudden changes 
 of weather, should receive an abundance of fresh air, have a 
 nourishing diet, and the bowels should be kept regular. Inter- 
 nally, give the following: 
 
 Atropine, ^ grain. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 24 drops. 
 
 Bromide of Soda. 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take r teaspoonful, more or less, 
 according to age, every two or three hours. 
 
 Where the cough remains dry, i. e. } where the secretions are 
 scanty or absent, a little Ipecac should be added to each dose — 
 from 1 to 2 drops of the fluid extract. Where there is a good 
 deal of irritability or nervousness present, T ^ of a grain of Codeine, 
 for a child five years of age, should be added to each dose. 
 
 B. Give Flaxseed tea plentifully, also good care. For med- 
 icine, give the following: 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 10 grains. 
 
 Water 30 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful, more or less, accord- 
 ing to age, every one or two hours. Also 
 anoint chest well once a day with Olive Oil. 
 Goose Oil will do. — (30). 
 
DISEASES AND TREATMENTS. 379 
 
 C. Use Roach's Embrocation according to the directions on 
 the bottle. Burn Cressaline during the paroxysms. — (32). 
 
 D. Tincture Belladonna 30 drops. 
 
 Chlorate Potash 10 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 20 drops three or four times 
 a day.— (47). 
 
 E. Elixir Terpine Hydrate and Codeine, 6 ounces. 
 
 Take y z teaspoonful every three hours.- (27). 
 
 WORMS. — (For Round Worms or Thread Worms, see 
 under Children's Diseases; also see Tapeworm; also Tri- 
 china Worm). 
 
 YELLOW FEVER.— (See under Fevers). 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 
 OUGHT TO KNOW. 
 
 HELEN F. WARNER, M. D. 
 
 In these few chapters I propose to give mothers some hints 
 about the care a very young girl requires in the first crisis of her 
 life, and to give older girls some advice about the care which 
 they should take of their health, and of the reasons why such 
 care should be taken. 
 
 I propose to tell the young wife and mother some things that 
 I think it well for her to know about house sanitation, that is, 
 about ventilation, heating, water supply, and disinfection in cases 
 of sickness; also something about the nature of different foods, 
 about the care of her own health, and about the care of babies 
 and very young children. 
 
 I propose to say a few words to women approaching the 
 second crisis of their lives, about the care it is necessary they 
 should give themselves, and the very unnecessary alarm and 
 dread with which many look forward to this period of their 
 existence. 
 
 Most of this talk comes under the head of what is called 
 preventative medicine, and as the old proverb, "An ounce of pre- 
 vention is worth a pound of cure," is still in force, I hope it may 
 not be without some value. 
 
 CARE OF YOUNG GIRLS. 
 
 As it is not probable that any very young girl will read these 
 chapters — perhaps it is hardly desirable that she should — I 
 address myself more particularly to the mothers of young and 
 growing families. 
 
 Children are young animals in search of information in a 
 world that to them is very new and full of puzzles. One of 
 
 380 
 
Helen F. Warner, M. D. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN, 381 
 
 the questions which recurs often and is asked most eagerly is, 
 " Where do the babies come from, Mamma?" To answer the 
 question satisfactorily without giving any information, has long 
 been a problem among mothers. The Germans have a pretty 
 legend that the Storks bring the babies to the happy mothers 
 from their home in Egypt, without explaining if there is a man- 
 ufactory of babies there. The more prosaic mothers in this 
 country often tell their children that the doctor brings the baby 
 in his satchel, sometimes subjecting him to embarrassing inves- 
 tigation, as I can testify . I belonged to a New England family, 
 where the utmost reticence was practiced toward children, indeed 
 toward all young people, and I was told merely that God sent 
 the babies from heaven, which may be in a sense true, but which 
 is difficult to believe of some infants. I used to wonder vaguely 
 if they dropped through the ceiling, and why they suffered no 
 damage and left no trace of their passage. But I was an observ- 
 ing child, though very reticent, and long before I reached girl- 
 hood I formed a theory of my own, from observation of the 
 domestic animals and some women of my acquaintance, that 
 was very near the truth. 
 
 Advice to Young Mothers. — My advice to young mothers 
 is, when your little girl begins to notice your rounding figure, 
 when she sees by chance the little garments about which you are 
 busy, do not put her off with what you persuade yourself is a 
 white lie, or tell her that children should not ask questions. If 
 you do, she will very likely find you out in the lie — children are 
 often very shrewd — or some older girl will tell her what she is so 
 eager to know, coarsely, vulgarly, with sly hints and inuendoes, 
 as if it were some unclean thing, and the sweet and holy func- 
 tion of motherhood will be vulgarized and profaned to her for 
 years. Tell the child yourself. Explain to her that all life comes 
 from a parent life. Show her how the mother plant ripens the 
 seeds, which sometimes the winds and waters and birds scatter to 
 their places, and sometimes men and women and children plant. 
 Tell her that each seed holds a baby plant, which the warm, 
 moist earth feeds and nourishes till it bursts its shell and the tiny 
 plant begins to grow. Tell her — if she has the happiness to be a 
 country child, you can show her — how the mother hen lays the 
 eggs from her own body, and then, not trusting them to the 
 earth, broods over them herself and keeps them safe and warm 
 till the little chicks, which were only wee specks at first, have 
 time to grow, and become strong enough to break their shells. 
 Then explain to her that higher animals, mothers among the 
 rest, nourish their babies in their own bodies till they are large 
 enough and strong enough to live outside; that there is a new baby 
 coming for whom mamma must make the little clothes ready, but 
 
382 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECBIPTS. 
 
 that, though it is a very happy thing, it is too sacred and solemn 
 to talk about to other people — just a secret which she must keep 
 with mamma. In this way you will give your child a new interest, 
 a new sense of the tie that binds together all created things, and a 
 strong safeguard against evil will thus be thrown about her. 
 
 THE FIRST CRISIS, 
 
 Later, when you see from the developing figure, from the 
 rounding breasts and from the unusual restlessness and irrita- 
 bility, that the first crisis in your child's life is approaching, tell 
 her what she has to expect, and tell her plainly; tell her the 
 truth so that she may fully understand it. Many young girls 
 have ruined their health, or greatly injured it, in frantic efforts 
 to stop a flow which they did not in the least understand, and 
 which, while it greatly alarmed them, they were too shy to speak 
 of to their mothers. Do not content yourself with telling the 
 young girl what is coming, but keep watch over her and, when 
 the flow actually appears, instruct her in the care she should take 
 of herself and see that she carries out your instructions. Her 
 whole future health hangs on this, and on this point many 
 mothers themselves need instruction. It is of the greatest 
 importance that she (the young, maturing girl) should be kept 
 warm and dry during the flow, that she should avoid all violent 
 exercise, long tramps, heavy lifting, skating, dancing, and horse- 
 back or bicycle riding. In bad weather she should be kept from 
 school unless she can be sent in a covered carriage. 
 
 Up to this time there has been little difference in the care 
 which the girl and her brother required, but now the differentia- 
 tion commences. It is not well to push a girl at school, even 
 one who is sluggish at her studies, during these formative 
 years; one who is quick must often be held back. See that the 
 girl has plenty of out-of-door air and exercise, and that she takes 
 sufficient, wholesome food. Never allow her to go to school in 
 the morning without her breakfast. This is the time when her 
 appetite, which has previously been that of a healthy child, 
 becomes fitful and irregular. Girls sometimes develop strange 
 fancies at this time for most unwholesome things: Salt, which 
 is all very well as a seasoning for food, but should not be taken 
 by the spoonful, starch and chalk, are most frequently taken. If 
 your daughter should show any such morbid appetite, you should 
 check it at once. Talk to her kindly, but seriously, of the injury 
 she is likely to do her health by such indulgence. 
 
 Girls in this climate generally mature at from eleven to 
 fourteen years — thirteen is perhaps the average age. It is a 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 383 
 
 misfortune if a girl menstruates before eleven, but it is no 
 matter at all that she should be later than fourteen. So long as 
 she shows no signs of suffering, you need not disturb yourself if 
 she is fifteen, sixteen, or even seventeen, before the flow appears. 
 It is not often later. The flow is often scanty at first. Do not 
 worry about this; it is a fault on the right side. The young 
 girl needs her blood for growth and development, and Nature 
 does well to economize it. Then, after appearing once, the flow 
 often holds off for months. This seems to give mothers special 
 anxiety, but such anxiety is needless. So long as the girl seems 
 well otherwise, let her alone, and above all do not dose her with 
 Tansy and Pennyroyal teas, or any of the remedies for forcing 
 Nature. You may do serious harm in this way. On the other 
 hand, the flow when it first appears is sometimes too profuse 
 and lasts too long. It should be practically over on the sixth 
 day. This is not a matter to be neglected. Put the girl to bed 
 if the flow is very free. A good household remedy for this is 
 made by pouring a pint of boiling water over a handful of stick 
 cinnamon. I^et this steep till it is cold — do not boil it — then 
 strain off the tea and give a wineglassful of it three or four times 
 a day. If this, with rest in bed, fails to check the flow, send 
 for your family physician. 
 
 If you observe these precautions, unless there is some mal- 
 formation or malposition of the organs, against which, of course, 
 you are powerless, your daughter will not suffer at her menstrual 
 periods, and will grow up, at least as far as her sexual organs 
 are concerned, a healthy woman. But until she is twenty she 
 should put aside her wheel or her horse, and abjure dances, 
 long walks or skating parties during the flow. It will often be 
 hard for her, but it is the price of health, and if you are firm, 
 she will form the habit of caution and cease to question the 
 matter. Even after twenty, violent exercise should be indulged 
 in with caution at such periods; but a healthy woman, fully 
 developed, may take much less care than a young girl. 
 
 Dress for Young Girls. — A word, in closing this chapter, 
 as to dress. A young girl's dress should be, of course, adapted 
 to the season. In winter she should wear flannel from throat to 
 heels. See that she has plenty of room to expand in. I am not 
 a fanatical opponent of the corset. It is a comfort to many 
 women, almost a necessity to very stout ones, and, when not 
 tightly laced, does no harm; but a corset is an abomination for 
 growing girls. The soft young bones yield even to slight pres- 
 sure, and internal organs are forced out of place and prevented 
 from developing properly. I^et her have a loosely fitting waist, 
 to which her skirts — the bands of which should be loose — are 
 buttoned. The dress should not reach below the tops of her 
 
384 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 boots, so that it will not become damp and draggled even in the 
 sloppiest weather. In cold weather she should have merino 
 stockings and warm, stout shoes. She should have a rain coat 
 for wet days, and, what is more, be made to wear it; and if she 
 lives in the country, a pair of rubber boots for deep mud and 
 snow would not be amiss. 
 
 WHAT A YOUNG WOMAN OUGHT TO KNOW. 
 
 My Dear Giri/. 
 
 You are no longer a child — almost, if not quite, a woman. 
 I want in this chapter to give you a few hints about keeping 
 yourself well, which is much better than curing you when you 
 are ill. I take it for granted that you want not only to be well, 
 but to look as well as possible. To this end you must take some 
 pains. 
 
 About Your Hair: Do not content yourself with combing 
 out the snarls and doing it up; spend some time each day brush- 
 ing it. If you have thick, heavy hair, the brush should be quite 
 stiff, stiff enough to reach the scalp; merely smoothing down the 
 outside hair does little or no good. Each separate hair is set in 
 a little channel in the scalp, with one or more ducts emptying 
 into it from glands that secrete the oil for the hair. The brush 
 removes the dust from the mouth of these channels, presses the 
 oil out and distributes it over the hair. That is why hair that 
 has been well brushed takes on such a fine, silky gloss. The 
 brush also improves the circulation of the blood in the scalp and 
 so promotes the growth of the hair. Hair that is well brushed 
 does not need to be washed very often, which is an advantage, 
 because if you have long, heavy hair, washing it is a serious 
 business. When you do wash your hair, you must be sure that 
 it is thoroughly dry before you put it up; otherwise, you are apt 
 to take cold. 
 
 About Your Bath: Take a cool sponge bath and a brisk 
 rub with a coarse towel every morning. The water should be 
 about 70 degrees. If you care to, try it with a thermometer, 
 but it is about the temperature of a comfortably warm room. 
 There is nothing better for the complexion. I will tell you 
 why. The skin is full of little glands that secrete the perspira- 
 tion. They carry off a great deal of waste and poisonous matter 
 from the system, and they are at work all the time, even when 
 you are not conscious of any perspiration. Now, if the mouths 
 of these little glands become stopped up, or if the circulation in 
 the skin is poor, they cannot work nearly so well. A good deal 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 385 
 
 of poisonous matter that they ought to take away remains in the 
 system, and the skin loses its clearness and becomes dark and 
 muddy. The cool sponge and brisk rub does for the rest of the 
 skin what the brush does for the scalp — frees the mouths of the 
 glands and promotes the circulation of the blood. You will need 
 only one hot bath a week. This you should take at night, just 
 before going to bed. It is well to take a dash of cold water after 
 it. You should not take a cold bath during the first three days 
 of your monthly illness. 
 
 Keep Your Bowels Regular. — You should have one good 
 evacuation of the bowels every day. This is largely a matter of 
 habit. Go to the closet every morning after breakfast. If you 
 are inclined to constipation, it is a good thing to take a cup of 
 hot water just before breakfast, or a glass of cold water when 
 you first get up in the morning. A little massage, which you 
 can practice while dressing, will also help you. The large 
 bowel, which contains the matter that should be evacuated, runs 
 around the abdomen, as shown by figure "7" in cut "No. 9." If 
 you will knead the bowel thoroughly, pressing your fingers down 
 deeply into the abdominal wall, beginning low down on the right 
 side, then across and down on the left, it will be stimulated to 
 contract and empty. Do not think that it is a matter of indif- 
 ference that you should go two or three days without evacuation 
 of the bowels. The foul matters that should be evacuated are 
 partly absorbed into the system, and you will have headache, 
 feel dull and languid, your skin will grow yellow, and, if the 
 condition is allowed to continue long, will become "pimpley." 
 
 As to Diet. — You should eat good, simple food. Avoid 
 rich cake, gravies, rich pastry and preserves. Ices in modera- 
 tion are wholesome enough. Hat all the fruit you want, provided 
 it is ripe and sound, but do not eat too much candy. It would 
 be better not to eat any, but that is too much to expect of you, 
 for candy is a girl's greatest temptation in the eating line. Hot 
 breads and buckwheat cakes are good to the taste, but trying to 
 the digestion. Use tea and coffee with great moderation; they 
 are nerve stimulants, which you do not in the least need. A 
 cup of weak coffee you can have in the morning, if you want it, 
 but save the tea till you are an older woman. Take plenty of 
 time for your meals, and masticate your food thoroughly. 
 
 About Sleep. — You need at least eight hours of sleep in the 
 twenty-four. As a child, you needed more; if you live to be an 
 old woman, you will not need quite so much; but now, at least 
 eight hours are needed to keep you in good condition and keep 
 your cheeks rosy. The best time to sleep is between ten at 
 
 25 
 
$86 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 night and six in the morning. If you are obliged to rise before 
 six, go to bed earlier. If for any reason you are up late, learn 
 to take a nap in the daytime. 
 
 Exercise. — Some time — the more, the better — should be 
 spent every day in the open air. A brisk walk is excellent exer- 
 cise; there is nothing better, but there are many things which 
 girls count more amusing, such as lawn tennis, golf, bicycle 
 riding, horseback exercise, etc. These are all good in their way, 
 only they should not be carried to excess. Do not play matched 
 games; in eagerness to win you are likely to overtax your 
 strength. Basket-ball is a game with which I am not familiar, 
 but from what I have heard of it, I should think it a very rough 
 game and too severe exercise for most girls. These things, 
 remember, are for exercise and recreation; they are not to take 
 the place of occupation. Gardening is fair exercise; there is 
 something health-giving in working in the soil, and it has the 
 merit of being useful as well. Ordinary housework is also 
 excellent exercise, though it has the disadvantage of being 
 carried on in-doors. But do not make the mistake of considering 
 driving to be exercise. Carriage exercise is only for invalids or 
 old women. If you have been at work most of the day about 
 the house, you may get rest and fresh air from a drive; you have 
 had your exercise in the house. 
 
 If you practice in a gymnasium, take the advice of the 
 leader as to what you are able to do. There is one golden rule, 
 " Make haste slowly." Do at first only what you are able to do 
 easily, and then do a little more each day — perhaps only a very 
 little. You remember the story of the Spartan woman who, by 
 lifting a calf each day from the time he was born, was able to lift 
 him when he was full grown. I imagine even the tiniest calf 
 would be too much for one of our girls to lift, but the lesson is 
 just as good. You should never lift, unless in an emergency 
 where the exertion is absolutely necessary, every ounce you possi- 
 bly can, or carry for any distance a weight which is a great effort 
 for you to lift at all. Such exertion is particularly dangerous to 
 women because the womb and ovaries are hung in the pelvis by 
 rather loose attachments. They easily recover from the slight 
 changes in position produced by ordinary movements, but a 
 sudden and violent pressure may displace some one of them so 
 that it is unable to recover its normal position. This is more apt 
 to happen at the menstrual period, because then the womb is 
 heavier than at other times, and so more easily forced out of 
 place. I shall mention this again in speaking of your dress. 
 
 Monthly Illness. — It is not necessary that you should take 
 quite so much care at the time of your monthly illness as when 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 38/ 
 
 you were a child, but you should still be careful at such times. 
 Do not ride a wheel up hill, or ride it at all except for short dis- 
 tances; do not ride a horse at all at such a time, or play any of 
 the violent games, as golf, lawn tennis, and especially basket- 
 ball; croquet, you can play, though I believe that is rather out of 
 fashion now. Do not take long tramps, though you need not be 
 afraid of an ordinary walk. I do not ask you to stay in the house 
 in wet weather, but you should be especially careful to change all 
 damp clothing when you come in. If you go to a dance during 
 your monthly illness, you should not stay late or dance all the 
 time; sit down through at least half the dances, even at the risk 
 of being taken for a wall-flower. 
 
 About Your Dress. — You should wear flannel next to the 
 skin in cold weather, but if you intend wearing short-sleeved and 
 low-necked dresses to evening entertainments, your flannel should 
 not have long sleeves and should be cut low at the throat. I do 
 not approve of decollete dresses myself, but if you will wear 
 them, I am telling you how to do so with the least risk. Before 
 going out sponge your neck and arms with cold water into which 
 you have poured a little alcohol. Have some light wrap to throw 
 over your shoulders while you are resting from the last dance, 
 and be careful about drafts. 
 
 Do not lace your corset tight. It should fasten easily in front, 
 and should be so loose that you can fill your lungs without diffi- 
 culty. If you will look at a plate showing the internal organs, 
 you will see how compressing the ribs — which is what a tight 
 corset does — pushes the liver and stomach out of place and pre- 
 vents the free play of the lungs; and, what is worse, but which 
 you will not see by the plate, is that it puts too much pressure 
 on the womb and ovaries, and is very likely to cause those 
 displacements from which even young girls in these days often 
 suffer. For the same reason the bands of your skirts should be 
 loose, and if the skirts are heavy, they should be so arranged 
 that the weight is carried from the shoulders. There is the same 
 reason as when you were a child that you should wear a short 
 skirt, rain coat and thick boots in wet weather, and that you 
 should change all damp clothing at once when you come into the 
 house. 
 
 Cosmetics, Powder, Rouge, etc. — Scorn everything of 
 this kind. If you follow the directions that have been given you, 
 you will need nothing of the sort. At best the effect is only tem- 
 porary, and their use is likely to do your complexion lasting 
 injury. 
 
 About Marriage. — Now I am going to speak to you on a 
 delicate and difficult subject. You are thinking of marriage ; it 
 
388 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 is right that you should. To be married to a good man, sound 
 in body and mind, whom you sincerely love, is the best fortune 
 that can come to you. You are limited in your choice of a hus- 
 band to the men who have signified their wish to marry you, but 
 it is better that you should die an old maid than marry a man 
 who is "fast," as your friends say, i. e. y dissipated. Of course, 
 in marriage there are many considerations besides those of health, 
 but those of health are the only ones on which I undertake to 
 advise you. 
 
 There are two forms of dissipation which are to be avoided 
 in a husband on the score of health — habitual use of alcoholic 
 drinks to excess, and the habit of association with immoral 
 women. It is not very common for a young man to be what is 
 called an habitual drunkard, but a man who is frequently intox- 
 icated when young will, in all human probability, be an habitual 
 drunkard before he is forty. If you imagine you can reform such 
 a man, you are greatly mistaken ; he will grow worse and not 
 better. He will not injure your health directly, only so far as 
 misery, want and distress are likely to do it ; but your children 
 will suffer. They are likely to have all sorts of nervous troubles, 
 hysterics, epilepsy, and sometimes idiocy. 
 
 The second form of dissipation is even more dangerous. It 
 is quite common for a young man of that sort to contract diseases 
 as a result of his bad habits, which, if you marry him, would be 
 very likely to be communicated to you or to any children that 
 you might have by him. Do not allow yourself to become inter- 
 ested in such a man, even if he has beautiful eyes and fascinating 
 manners. Choose for your associates sober, steady young men. 
 Do not be afraid to give them a little kindly encouragement if they 
 are shy and awkward. If a warmer interest results from such an 
 association, it will be good, not evil fortune for you. 
 
 WHAT A YOUNG WIFE AND MOTHER SHOULD KNOW. 
 
 Many books could be filled on the subjects with which a 
 young wife and mother should be familiar. Of late schools and 
 universities have been very sensibly making some effort to teach 
 the girl who hopes some day to be a wife, a few of the things she 
 ought to know, hence the various courses on domestic sciences. 
 Of course, in this chapter I can only give you a few hints about 
 i.he various subjects on which you should be informed. 
 
 House Sanitation. — First, then, you should know some- 
 thing about House Sanitation, as it is called; that is, about the 
 proper situation of the house, the drainage, ventilation, heating 
 and water supply. If you are consulted about building a house 
 
DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 389 
 
 in the country, try to have it on moderately high ground, which 
 is dry. I,et it face the south or east, if possible, so as to have 
 sunlight in all the rooms. If you have a city house, try to have 
 it on the north side of a street running east and west, or on the 
 west side of a street running north and south, for the sake of the 
 sunlight. In the city you may not be able to have sunshine in all 
 the rooms, but at least there should be no dark rooms in your 
 house. The cellar should be dry, with a good cement floor and 
 stone walls — brick absorbs too much moisture to be used under 
 ground. If the cellar does not extend under all the house, the 
 remaining space should be well drained and ventilated. 
 
 Fresh Air. — There should be plenty of fresh air in your 
 house. Air is a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. The nitrogen 
 serves to dilute the oxygen, which alone would be too stimulating. 
 In breathing, the oxygen is absorbed by the blood and the 
 carbonic acid thrown off. Carbonic acid is a poisonous gas, so 
 you see that a person in breathing gradually poisons the air. An 
 average man gives off a little more than half a cubic foot of 
 carbonic acid gas in an hour when he is asleep, and nearly three 
 times as much when he is hard at work. Women and children 
 give off rather less. It takes very little of this — about two parts 
 in ten thousand — to make the air unwholesome, or, as you would 
 say, close. Now you see how necessary ventilation is. In 
 summer it is very easily accomplished, as the open doors and 
 windows give all the fresh air necessary; but in winter it is more 
 difficult. There should be at least 1,000 cubic feet of air for 
 each person, and the ventilation should be enough to change all 
 the air in the room three times an hour. How can you accom- 
 plish this ? It is done partly by the heating. If your house is 
 heated by a hot-air furnace, there is, or should be, a cold-air box, 
 so that the fresh outside air is heated and forced into the room. 
 The foul warm air escapes through various cracks about the 
 windows and doors if there is no special passage for it. It 
 must escape in some way or the hot air would not come up 
 through the register. If the house is heated by stoves, try to 
 have in your living rooms at least one open fire. A coal grate is 
 rather more trouble to look after than a stove, and makes more 
 dust, but it is an excellent ventilator. If you cannot have a 
 grate or grates, an old-fashioned Franklin stove is not a bad 
 substitute. With hot water or steam heating some outside 
 opening is necessary, as there the heating does not directly assist 
 the ventilation except that warm air is lighter than cold air, 
 and the greater the difference in temperature, the greater the 
 difference in weight. Now, air is a gas, and all gases of different 
 weights have a tendency to mix, so that there is, when it is quite 
 cold, a strong pressure of the outside air to get into the house 
 
390 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 and of the warm air inside to escape. This makes the little 
 currents that you feel around the doors and windows. Do not 
 cork up the bedroom windows with cotton batting, or any other 
 windows, for that matter. Move the bed out so that you will 
 not feel the draft. Sleeping with an open window in the room 
 in cold winter weather is largely a matter of habit. I do not 
 advise it in this climate for young children, who are apt to kick 
 off their bed covering at night. Grown people in good health 
 can follow their own inclination. 
 
 Do not have your room too warm — from 65 ° to 70 is warm 
 enough for living rooms, 50 to 55 ° for sleeping rooms. Try to 
 have the rooms which you occupy warmed with some degree of 
 evenness. If you go from a kitchen where the temperature is 
 between eighty and ninety, through a cold hall to a bedroom 
 just above the freezing point to dress for the afternoon, can you 
 wonder that you have a cold most of the winter ? 
 
 As to the Water Supply. — If you live in the city, or even in 
 a moderately large town, this is probably provided for by the 
 municipal government or by a corporation more or less under its 
 control. The quality depends perhaps somewhat upon the ease 
 with which good water can be obtained, but much more on the 
 care, intelligence and, sometimes, the integrity of the city 
 fathers. I knew one Northern city where, although they had all 
 L,ake Superior to draw from, the water was for years abominably 
 bad, and where the population suffered greatly in consequence. 
 If, however, you live in the open country, the water supply 
 becomes a question for each family to settle for themselves, and 
 is one of very great importance. Cisterns are not very reliable 
 for drinking water. It is difficult even with the greatest care to 
 keep the water sweet, and the supply of water, depending as it 
 does directly upon the rainfall, is apt to run short in dry weather. 
 A well must be dug. The question is, where? The well should 
 be on higher ground than the house, barns and outhouses. It 
 should not be very near them. It should be protected in every 
 possible way from surface drainage. A deep well is better than 
 a shallow one, and it is better when a strata of fairly dense rock 
 is passed before water is reached. 
 
 Some years ago, when I was spending my vacation in a small 
 town among the foothills of the Green Mountains in Vermont, I 
 went out with the village doctor one day on his rounds. In the 
 course of the afternoon we came to a house half way up the 
 mountain side, where there was no other house near and the air 
 outside as pure as it is possible for air to be. Two of the family 
 were very ill with typhoid fever, and another member was barely 
 convalescent. The well was in a little depression between the 
 outhouse and the barnyard, in a good position to take the 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 391 
 
 drainage from both. The doctor cautioned the family, "Don't 
 drink a drop of water from that well without boiling it." I 
 hope they followed his advice and saved the rest of the family; 
 but I think it more than likely that they thought the doctor was 
 a man of fads and new-fangled notions, and the fever a dispensa- 
 tion of Providence, and so went on in the old way. In that 
 small country town — two thousand would have been a large 
 estimate for the population of the entire township — there had 
 been that year, so the doctor told me, over one hundred cases of 
 typhoid fever, all caused by water from infected wells. Turbid 
 water can generally be cleared by passing it through a good 
 stone filter, but to kill any disease germs which it may contain it 
 should be boiled. Boiled water is not so pleasant to drink as 
 unboiled. The carbonic acid gas, which gives it life and sparkle, 
 has been driven out of it, and it has a rather flat taste. If you 
 are so fortunate as to have a deep well in a good situation, this 
 precaution will probably not be necessary. 
 
 Disinfection is considered a branch of House Sanitation, 
 though it is, except in cases of sickness, a concession to human 
 imperfection. If your cellar is light, dry, and well ventilated, if 
 the plumbing is without a flaw, if your house is faultlessly clean 
 and all refuse promptly removed, there should be little need of 
 disinfection; in sickness it does become necessary. 
 
 There is a popular idea that a sick room may be disinfected 
 by hanging up cloths wet with a solution of Carbolic Acid, or by 
 leaving plates filled with Chloride of Lime standing about. This 
 is a mistake. These substances may to a certain extent remove 
 unpleasant odors, but they do nothing more. The disease germs 
 resist the action of poisonous gases much better than we do, so 
 to really disinfect the sick room the air must be filled with 
 poisonous gases far beyond the tolerance of human beings. 
 Those who have had rooms disinfected by burning Sulphur or by 
 Formaldehyde by order of the Board of Health, will appreciate 
 this. 
 
 The ideal disinfectant has yet to be discovered. Corrosive 
 Sublimate might be one if it could be deprived of its poisonous 
 and corrosive qualities, but as it is, it is out of the question for 
 domestic use. Piatt's Chloride is a very good household 
 disinfectant. It is without color or odor and, used according to 
 directions, is practically harmless, though it would be very 
 unwholesome to drink. A very good solution for washing 
 clothing, sheets or towels used about a case of contagious 
 disease, is made by mixing four ounces of White Vitriol and two 
 ounces of common salt in a gallon of water. For cleansing 
 vessels and receiving discharges, a solution may be used of one 
 and a half pounds of Green Vitriol in a gallon of water. Cop- 
 
392 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 peras and Permanganate of Potash are useful disinfectants, and 
 not so poisonous as to be dangerous to handle; but they stain 
 clothing. Chloride of Iyime and Quick I^ime are useful in damp 
 and musty places; they sweeten and, to a certain extent, dry the 
 air. 
 
 Foods. — It is very important to the welfare of your family 
 that you should understand something of food values. I do not 
 mean merely that you should be a good cook, though that is also 
 very desirable and not at all to be underrated. 
 
 There are three principal classes of foods: the albumi- 
 nates, found most largely in animal foods, the fats, and the 
 starches and sugars. It may seem strange to you that starches 
 and sugars, which do not on the surface seem to have very much 
 in common, should be put in the same class; but all the starches 
 are changed to sugar in the process of digestion, so that in their 
 effect on the system they are much the same. No one of these 
 classes will support life alone satisfactorily, and all are needed to 
 perfect nourishment; but the proportion in which they are 
 needed depends very much on the surroundings and circum- 
 stances of the individual to be fed. The albuminates, which are 
 to be found in lean meat, milk, eggs, and in smaller quantities in 
 the various cereal grains, build up the structure of the body; the 
 fats and starches supply the heat and energy which is used up in 
 action. Now you can see that a diet of fat pork is not suitable 
 for a person taking but little exercise in hot weather, but is just 
 the thing for men engaged in active out-of-door work in winter. 
 The Esquimaux, who hunt and fish for a livelihood and are 
 exposed most of the year to severe cold, consume great quanti- 
 ties of train oil and seal and walrus blubber, which a man under 
 ordinary conditions of civilization could hardly taste without 
 nausea. This is not owing to any peculiarity of the Esquimaux, 
 but to the conditions under which they live, for Nansen and his 
 lieutenant, Johansen, who were separated from their ship and 
 supplies for nearly a year and forced to live as the Esquimaux 
 do in the extreme North, lived and thrived on a similar diet. 
 On the other hand, natives of very hot climates live mostly on 
 vegetable food, and people from northern climates forced to live 
 in the tropics would do well to follow their example. There is 
 no doubt that Englishmen in India would suffer less from 
 diseases of the liver if they would eat less roast beef and pastry, 
 and live, so far as diet goes, more as the natives do. From all 
 of which it follows that food should be adapted to the climate, 
 the time of year and the amount of exercise taken. 
 
 Experiments have been made to ascertain the amount of 
 energy, or working power, produced by different foods. Fats 
 stand very high in the list; butter and fat pork are the leaders. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 393 
 
 Then come the lean meats and cereals, oatmeal, corn meal and 
 wheat flour. Peas and beans rank high; carrots, cabbage and 
 potatoes, very low. Cheese stands high, though much lower 
 than butter, but milk and eggs are surprisingly low. Poultry is 
 low compared with other meats, and fish still lower. 
 
 There is much less waste to meat when it is cooked slowly 
 by very moderate heat. The coarser and tougher parts of the 
 animal may be made tender and palatable by simmering a long 
 time slowly over a low fire. If you are obliged to practice strict 
 economy in feeding your family, a careful study of the value of 
 different foods and different methods of cooking, which I can 
 only indicate here, would be of great use to you. Remember 
 also that your table should have a certain variety and be neatly 
 served. Spotless linen, a vase of flowers or a pretty fern add 
 little or nothing to the expense of a meal, but they add much 
 to its pleasure and aid indirectly both the appetite and the 
 digestion. 
 
 There are certain substances which are taken with the food 
 more for pleasure than for nourishment, of which I must say a 
 word. These are tea, coffee, chocolate and various forms of 
 alcoholic drinks. Tea and coffee are nerve stimulants, very 
 pleasant and refreshing, and, if taken in moderation by healthy 
 adults, I think they are practically harmless. Taken in excess, 
 they injure the digestion, and they should under no circum- 
 stances be given to children. Chocolate has considerable food 
 value, owing to the fat it contains, but is so rich that it can only 
 be taken steadily by people of strong digestion. The use of 
 alcoholic drinks is entirely unnecessary to healthy people in 
 youth and middle life, and is so fraught with deadly danger, in 
 our climate, at least, that alcoholics as table beverages should be 
 entirely discouraged. Alcohol is an invaluable medicine, but 
 should be given, like other medicines, only on the prescription of 
 a physician. 
 
 The Pregnant State. — We come now to more personal 
 matters — to the care of your own health under conditions which 
 are new to you. We presuppose that you have been married a 
 few months when you notice that you have passed the time for 
 your monthly illness without the usual symptoms. Then you 
 have a slight feeling of weight in the pelvis — a "bearing-down," 
 as it is often expressed. Sometimes, not always, your breasts 
 feel tender and mildly painful, and when you rise in the morning 
 you have a distinct feeling of nausea. All these symptoms point 
 to one thing, and if you do not yourself know what they mean, 
 your mother or some older married friend will easily tell you. If 
 the mother instinct is strong in you, as it is in the majority of 
 women, you will feel that the news is good. Your heart will warm 
 
394 
 
 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 to the young life you are nurturing, and you will wish to take 
 the best possible care of yourself ; not only for your own sake, 
 but for the sake of the baby that is coming, that it may make its 
 start in life with the best possible inheritance — sweet temper, 
 quiet nerves and robust health — that the little body may be per- 
 fect and the little soul serene. 
 
 What can you do to that end ? I will tell you as well as I 
 can. You must make up your mind to forego some pleasures. 
 Dancing, for one thing, must be given up absolutely. It makes 
 no difference that you have known a young woman who danced 
 all through the earlier months of her pregnancy without disaster. 
 It is not wise and it is not safe, even though some one person 
 may have done it with impunity. Try as far as possible to avoid 
 all unpleasant sights and sounds, especially the sight of deformed 
 or disfigured people; but if you should by an unfortunate chance 
 meet any such person, do not let your mind dwell on it with 
 alarm. The probability that it will do any harm is after all very 
 slight, and you can lessen it still further by resolutely refusing 
 to let your mind dwell on the subject. Cultivate the grace of a 
 placid and serene temper. Do not worry about things. Do not 
 let yourself get angry even if the provocation is serious. Do not 
 indulge in gloomy reveries. On the contrary, look on the bright 
 side of things. This is a good receipt for keeping yourself happy; 
 but the object is that the baby shall have a happy disposition, 
 and in this you will find later you have been working not only in 
 your baby's interest, but greatly in your own. 
 
 Physical Precautions. — There are also certain physical pre- 
 cautions that you must take at this time. Avoid all violent exer- 
 cise, but at the same time keep out of doors as much as possible. 
 Plenty of moderate exercise on the other hand is good for you, 
 though you should stop when you find yourself decidedly tired. 
 Do not jump from any elevation, even from a chair or carriage. 
 L,eave hanging curtains and pictures to some one else. lifting 
 any weight above your head is bad for you. Heavy lifting, even 
 on a level, is to be avoided. 
 
 The advice given you in books is not by any means all good. 
 For example, I have seen a book which advised pregnant women 
 to eat as little as possible, and particularly to avoid meats of all 
 kinds, because then the baby would be small, its bones soft, and 
 the confinement in consequence easier. Now, this is very delu- 
 sive. Undoubtedly if a woman is half -starved, the child will be 
 likely to be puny and ill-nourished, though not necessarily small. 
 Nature will nourish the baby at your expense if you try to starve 
 it. She will take the phosphates from your bones, especially 
 from your teeth, to build up the bones of the little one, if the 
 food taken is not sufficient. Do not be afraid to take as much 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 395 
 
 food as you can easily digest. You need more food than under 
 different circumstances. If the early morning nausea does not 
 persist through the day, your appetite will probably be excellent. 
 If the nausea is troublesome, it is well to have a cup of strong 
 hot coffee brought to your bed in the morning. Take it with a 
 few crackers or a little bread and butter, and wait half an hour or 
 so before you try to get up. This will commonly make a great 
 difference in your comfort during the day. If this is not suffi- 
 cient, have your druggist make for you a mixture of J4 an ounce 
 of Bromide of Potash in 4 ounces of Tincture of Gentian Root, 
 and take a teaspoonful of it after your meals. I have found this 
 to answer in all but severe cases, which, of course, require the 
 care of a physician. The nausea, even when it is severe, does 
 not usually persist after the third or the beginning of the fourth 
 month, though some unfortunate women suffer from it during the 
 entire term. 
 
 Indications of Miscarriage. — If at any time after you have 
 serious reason to think yourself pregnant, you see that you are 
 flowing, go to bed at once and send for a physician. You are 
 threatened with a miscarriage, which would be a serious mis- 
 fortune to you. A miscarriage is a much greater strain on a 
 woman's health than a natural confinement at term, to say noth- 
 ing about the loss of your baby, which you would also feel to be 
 a misfortune. 
 
 Plain Talk. — Right here I may say that I am well aware 
 that there are women who would not look upon it in that light — 
 gay young wives with the instinct of motherhood imperfectly 
 developed, who dislike giving up the gaities to which they are 
 accustomed, who dread the months of semi -invalidism with the 
 ordeal at the end, and still more perhaps the confinement with 
 and care of young children. Such women not only rejoice at the 
 interruption of their pregnancy, but are sometimes tempted, 
 either themselves or by the help of physicians unworthy of the 
 name, to interrupt it forcibly. If I have any such young women 
 among my readers, and it is very possible that I may have, I wish 
 I could impress upon them not only the wickedness, but the danger 
 of such a course. Would you see any great difference in the guilt 
 of a woman who murdered a baby a month old and one who 
 made a year-old baby her victim ? Well, from the first your baby 
 is alive. It is an old wives' fable that the life comes when you 
 first feel it stirring. That only means that the baby has grown 
 so large and strong that you can feel its movements through the 
 bag of water in which it lies. And this baby, your baby, you 
 are conspiring with some physician, who should be an outcast in 
 his profession, to murder. This is plain talk, but it is true. No 
 reputable physician will even think of doing this thing. He 
 
396 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 knows perfectly well what he is doing, if you do not. For a 
 doctor it is the crime of crimes. He takes an oath on his gradua- 
 tion that whatever other evil he may do, he will abstain from 
 this. He renders himself liable to the penitentiary if he is 
 detected. A man or woman who would do this is utterly 
 unworthy of confidence. He does not, of course, wish to kill 
 you, because that would seriously increase his own danger; but 
 he rarely has either the skill or the intelligence desirable, and the 
 secrecy necessary stands in the way of the requisite precautions. 
 The operation is a very grave one at best; and even performed 
 by a council of physicians with every advantage, as it sometimes 
 must be in order to save the life of the mother when it becomes 
 impossible to save both, it is by no means always successful. 
 
 If you try experiments upon yourself, you may do yourself 
 serious harm. Many women have killed themselves in that way. 
 And you are very unlikely to accomplish your object. As for 
 drugs, only a few exceptionally sensitive women are affected by 
 them. As a rule you will materially injure your digestion, but 
 that is all you will be likely to accomplish with drugs. 
 
 A forcible miscarriage is very much more dangerous than 
 one occurring of itself. It is all the difference between an apple 
 torn from the bough on which it hangs, and one from some 
 reason dropping of its own accord before it is ripe. 
 
 This is a digression. I certainly hope the young mother to 
 whom I have been giving advice and counsel will have no such 
 temptation. 
 
 The Clothing Worn. — Your clothing should be loose. Do 
 not be tempted to try to improve your appearance by tight cloth- 
 ing. In the first place you defeat your own object since anything 
 that sharply outlines your figure is to your disadvantage; in the 
 second place the pressure of tight clothing interferes with the 
 proper development of the growing womb and may make trouble 
 for you at the time of your confinement. The corset should be 
 discarded after the fourth month. 
 
 False Modesty. — From false modesty some women are 
 inclined to shut themselves up after their figure becomes decid- 
 edly noticeable. This is a mistake, and I hope you will not fall 
 into it. You need the fresh air and the society of your friends. 
 There is nothing whatever in your condition to be ashamed of ; 
 quite the contrary. 
 
 Symptoms That Need Attention. — It is quite possible that at 
 about this time you may notice that your feet are somewhat 
 swollen, particularly at night. There is nothing alarming about 
 this if the swelling is moderate. It comes from the pressure 
 which the heavy womb exerts on the large blood vessels. But if 
 the swelling extends above the ankles, or if you notice that your 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 397 
 
 face is puffy, especially under the eyes, or that your hands are 
 swollen, you should see your doctor at once. These symptoms 
 need immediate attention. 
 
 The Last Weeks of Your Term. — You are coming to the time 
 when you feel heavy and unwieldy, when, unless you are a robust 
 woman, it is quite an effort to move about much. Perhaps you 
 are behindhand with the little garments for the new comer and 
 would prefer to sit all day over your sewing. Do not yield to 
 this temptation. You need exercise now as much as ever. It is 
 important that you should be in the best possible physical condi- 
 tion to fit you for the ordeal through which you are to pass. It 
 is at this time that many women of your acquaintance will advise 
 you to put some astringent, as a tea of White Oak bark or a 
 solution of Alum, on the nipples to toughen them, so that they 
 will not become sore and tender in nursing. Do not do it. The 
 astringent makes the tender skin brittle so that it cracks more 
 easily. If the nipples are short or inclined to draw in, pull them 
 out for a few minutes each day, rubbing in a little Vaseline or 
 fresh mutton tallow. If they are very tender, you can use a solu- 
 tion of Tannin in Glycerine — about 5 grains of the Tannin to an 
 ounce of Glycerine. Have the druggist mix it for you. The 
 Glycerine prevents the Tannin from making the skin brittle. 
 
 You may also be advised to take sitz baths with a view to 
 making the confinement easier. I never could see that such 
 baths at this time were of any special use, but if they are not 
 hot, only warm, they will do no harm. If the skin over the 
 abdomen feels stretched and uncomfortable, you may get much 
 comfort from rubbing Sweet Oil or Vaseline gently into it every 
 night before you go to bed during the last month. Keep on 
 rubbing gently until the Oil or Vaseline has all disappeared — 
 been absorbed — and you will find that your underclothing will 
 not be soiled. Of course you should only put on a little oil at a 
 time. 
 
 Feeling of Dread. — It is natural, as the time draws near, that 
 you should look forward to your coming trial with alarm and dread. 
 I have even known young mothers who quite expected not to live 
 through their first confinement. If you have any such feeling, 
 you greatly exaggerate the danger. I am telling you the truth, 
 not prophesying smooth things, so I cannot deny that there 
 is a possibility of danger. But I am an old woman; I have 
 been engaged in active practice for nearly thirty years and have 
 never seen a woman die in childbirth, though a very few have 
 come unpleasantly near it. I remember talking with an old 
 doctor who had delivered more than three thousand women — a 
 much larger number than I can boast — and he said he never had 
 a woman die in childbirth. There is more or less danger in all 
 
398 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the affairs of life. Those of us who live in large towns run no 
 small risk from electric cars, automobiles and bicycles whenever 
 we go down town, but we do not make ourselves miserable on 
 that account; we have become accustomed to it. If you are a 
 country woman, you take some risk every time you ride after a 
 gay horse, but you like the frisky creature for all that. Perhaps 
 you dread the pain more than the danger. The pain is very 
 real in all first confinements, even if they are perfectly natural, 
 but it is not unbearable. You will have, or certainly should 
 have, some Chloroform at the last, and it is astonishing how 
 soon you will forget it when it is once over. 
 
 Preparations for Confinement. — I should perhaps tell 
 you what preparations you should make for your approaching 
 confinement. If your mother can be consulted, or if you have 
 engaged an experienced nurse, you will have all the advice on 
 this point you need; but it is possible that you may have neither 
 of these advantages. You need, then, a rubber sheet large 
 enough to cover the whole mattress except a little space at the 
 head of the bed, about three yards of unbleached muslin for 
 bandages — this amount will make two and is much better than 
 anything you can make — and a paper of large safety pins. You 
 should have ready an old night dress, and, if it is cold weather, 
 an under vest which you do not mind having destroyed; also a 
 better one of each to put on when it is all over. You should 
 have a dozen large toilet napkins, at least four sheets besides 
 those on the bed, and plenty of towels. It is well to have a 
 supply of old cotton rags, which are often useful, and remember 
 that everything provided must be scrupulously clean. This is not 
 merely a question of good housekeeping; it is a matter of life and 
 death. You need a roll of absorbent cotton. It is necessary to 
 have a bottle of Vaseline, one of Ammonia, one of good brandy or 
 whiskey, and a small bottle of Carbolic Acid, distinctly labeled 
 "poison;" also a good fountain syringe. 
 
 You should have a baby basket in which is placed every- 
 thing necessary for the baby's first toilet: A very soft linen 
 rag for a wash cloth — an old table napkin if you have it — two 
 very soft old towels, some bland, unirritating soap— -Juvenile is 
 very good, but white Castile will do — two papers of safety pins, 
 small and medium sizes, a suit of the little clothes, the plainest 
 you have, half a dozen diapers, a box of baby powder with a powder 
 puff, a little absorbent cotton for dressing the cord and some linen 
 Dobbin for tieing it, and a pair of sharp scissors. Of course, any 
 stout, smooth cord will do for this purpose, but I like the bobbin 
 because it makes a firm knot that is in no danger of slipping. 
 There should also be a baby blanket and a square of old woolen 
 goods — a part of an old flannel skirt will do very well — in which 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 399 
 
 to receive and wrap the baby when it first arrives. Be sure the 
 nurse, or the woman who is to be with you, knows where to lay 
 her hand on everything, so that there will be no time lost in 
 hunting for necessary articles when the time comes to use them. 
 
 The bed should be prepared by covering the mattress with 
 an ordinary cover, over which is placed a sheet carefully and 
 securely tucked in around the mattress. Over this is placed, on 
 the middle of the bed, a sheet which is called a draw sheet, folded 
 lengthwise till it is about a yard wide. This should be secured 
 in place by safety pins. Over all this place your rubber sheet, 
 which should also be carefully pinned in place by safety pins. 
 Over this you can place another sheet, which had better be 
 pinned down at the corners. When everything is over, the 
 rubber sheet can be removed and you will have under it a clean 
 bed for your commencing convalescence. 
 
 At the commencement of the labor you should have a warm 
 bath and a large enema — at least two quarts of warm water made 
 soapy with white Castile soap. Your hair should be braided 
 and tied securely at the ends, but not put up. If the pains are 
 now quite frequent, say once in ten minutes, you can put on the 
 nightdress and vest you have reserved for your labor, but put on 
 a heavy wrapper and do not go to bed until you are unable to sit 
 up any longer. I cannot tell you how long your labor is to be. 
 Twenty- four hours is not an unreasonable time for a first confine- 
 ment, but in such cases the pains are at first quite mild and 
 about an hour apart. In such a case, if the labor commenced in 
 the morning, you would probably be about the house through 
 the day, first make the preparations I have spoken of in the 
 evening, and the baby would be born sometime during the night. 
 This is the most common course in first labors, but sometimes 
 the pains come on rapidly and violently from the first and the 
 whole is over in two or three hours. I am speaking, of course, 
 of natural labor where, as the nurses say, "everything is all 
 right." 
 
 After Labor Is Over. — If you have had a comparatively 
 easy labor and are yourself robust, you may feel that you are 
 perfectly able to be up and about directly after it. On the other 
 hand, if the labor has been severe or if you are not very strong, 
 you will be completely tired out and find it an effort to open your 
 eyes or answer the simplest question. 
 
 When you have had time to rest after having been bathed, 
 have had everything made fresh and clean about you and the 
 baby has been washed and dressed, it should be brought to you 
 for its first meal. Most babies take the nipple eagerly from the 
 first, but some fuss about it a good deal, tiring the mother and 
 making the nurse much trouble. They can be taught, however, 
 
400 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 with a little patience. It is true that there is no milk in the 
 breast yet, but the secretion that is there is very good for the 
 baby, and it is better for you to have it drawn off. 
 
 How the Baby is Cared for. — I have said nothing as yet as to 
 the care the baby should receive, but though you will not be able 
 at this time to give the matter much attention, it is well that you 
 should understand it. When the doctor has tied and cut the 
 cord, he puts his finger in the baby's mouth to free it from any 
 mucus that it may have taken in during the birth, and then, if it 
 is breathing regularly, hands it to the nurse, who receives it in 
 the square of old flannel you have provided. The baby may 
 then be wrapped up still further and put aside until you are 
 made clean and comfortable; but when it is washed, even in the 
 summer unless it is in the middle of a very hot day, it should be 
 taken to a fire. The little creature has come from a place where 
 the temperature is between 98 ° and 99 °, warmer than it ever is 
 in this climate, except for a few hours perhaps in a very excep- 
 tionally hot summer's day. I have often seen babies blue and 
 shivering with cold during the bath, and if this condition con- 
 tinues too long, the baby may take pneumonia, which will end 
 its life before it is hardly begun. The baby should be anointed 
 all over with Sweet Oil or Vaseline to soften the thick matter 
 with which it is smeared. It should then be carefully washed 
 with warm water and soap. It should be washed about the eyes 
 before you put any soap in the water or on the rag, to avoid 
 getting soap into its eyes. Remember that the baby's skin is 
 very delicate and be gentle in all your movements, and only 
 uncover the part of its body on which you are engaged. After 
 the baby is clean the cord should be dressed, which is done by 
 wrapping it in absorbent cotton and putting a small pad of the 
 cotton over it. Then put on the band, pinning it firmly but not 
 too tightly, then the shirt and diaper, and follow with the other 
 clothes in their order. No pins but safety pins should ever be 
 used about the baby, and then if he cries, no time need be spent 
 in hunting for a possible pin which may be scratching him. 
 
 Your milk will come freely on the third day, though there 
 may be a little milk in the breasts on the second day. It is very 
 probable that in the first rush the baby will not be able to take it 
 all and that the breasts will become distended and very uncom- 
 fortable. They can in that case be bandaged by putting a large 
 towel under the shoulders, bringing it around under the arms 
 and pinning it over the breast quite tightly and firmly. This 
 hinders the flow of milk by pressure, supports the breasts and 
 presses out the superfluous milk. This is also the day on which 
 it is a time-honored custom to give a dose of Castor Oil to move 
 the bowels. If your milk has come in slowly and scantily, this 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 401 
 
 is the thing to take, as it undoubtedly increases the flow of milk; 
 but if you have, on the contrary, too much milk, a dose of Salts 
 or a Seidlitz Powder is better. 
 
 The flow, which was at first quite profuse, lessens as the 
 days go by. At the end of the first week it should be less bloody 
 and more watery than at first, and very much less in quantity. 
 By the end of the second or early in the third week, it has gen- 
 erally disappeared, though some women find it reappearing after 
 any special exertion as late as the sixth week. That is not quite 
 as it should be. The discharge should not be offensive. There 
 may be a faint odor to it as there often is to the menstral flow f 
 but if the odor is decidedly offensive, there is something wrong 
 and the doctor should be consulted. 
 
 Bathing. — You can have and should have, if you have a 
 nurse, a sponge bath every day. You do not need any douches 
 unless the discharge becomes offensive, and then, as I have just 
 said, they should be given according to the direction of your 
 physician. 
 
 Diet. — I have said nothing yet about your diet. For the 
 first three days you should have only tea, toast and broth, gruel, 
 or perhaps a soft boiled egg if you are quite hungry. After that 
 you can have any simple and nutritious food. Only remember 
 that you do not need to eat as heartily as when you were able to 
 take plenty of exercise. 
 
 Remain in Bed. — Stay in bed ten days at least. Nothing is 
 gained by trying to get up before that, even if you feel able to 
 do so. The womb, which before you became pregnant was 
 about the size of a medium sized pear and not far from that 
 shape, has grown large enough to cover a baby weighing from 
 six to ten pounds, not to mention the after-birth and no small 
 quantity of water. It has become besides a powerful muscular 
 organ with thick walls and capable of exercising great force, as 
 you have felt during your confinement. Immediately after the 
 labor, though it is empty and contracted, you can easily feel it 
 in the abdomen if you are not very fleshy — a large hard ball, as 
 large as a cannon ball or a grown person's head. It grows 
 rapidly smaller, but it is not till the baby is six weeks old that it 
 becomes reduced to its former size. Not till then, even if }'ou 
 are perfectly well, are you in as good condition for hard work as 
 you were before your pregnancy. I do not in the least menn 
 that it will be necessary for you to confine yourself all this time 
 to the bed or sofa. If you are well, you can leave your room at 
 the end of the second week, and by the end of the third can go 
 about the house freely, or out for a short drive; but not till the 
 baby is six weeks old ought you to take up the full round of 
 your duties if they are at all exhausting. A little care at this 
 
 26 
 
402 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 time will pay in the long run and save doctors' bills, for if you 
 try to do hard work while the womb is still heavy, you are likely 
 to bring on some displacement which may keep you a semi- 
 invalid for years. 
 
 CARE OF THE BABY. 
 
 The nurse, if you have one, has been engaged for a varying 
 period of from two to six weeks. Even the longest time is soon 
 over, and the responsibility of the baby's care falls upon you. 
 This is an anxious time for mothers of first babies. Many a young 
 woman has confided to me that she shed tears over the first bath 
 she gave her baby. Few young babies enjoy their bath, and none 
 of them like being dressed after it. The baby also resents the 
 unfamiliar and awkward handling, and cries lustily. You feel 
 that you are hurting your baby and can with difficulty resist 
 the temptation to cry too. It does not really hurt a young baby 
 to cry in moderation. It is his only way of expressing his feel- 
 ings, and it is not always easy to say what feelings he is trying to 
 express. Sometimes he is hungry, sometimes uncomfortable, 
 as when his diaper is wet or soiled ; sometimes he is tired and 
 sleepy, and sometimes, I really think, he becomes tired of his own 
 society and wishes to attract attention ; and lastly, he is some- 
 times in pain. Go on with the bath and dressing and never mind 
 the crying. You have only safety pins and so cannot prick him, 
 as you might otherwise do. When it is over, he will be consoled 
 by his dinner and go to sleep. In bathing him, be sure he is dried 
 thoroughly, and then powder him carefully where folds of the 
 skin rub together, particularly under the diaper. Never let him 
 stay wet or mussed, and after taking off the soiled diaper, wipe 
 him, or wash him if it is necessary, and put on fresh powder so 
 that he will be perfectly clean and dry before you put on the 
 clean diaper. Many babies become dreadfully chafed from neglect 
 of this care, and must suffer very much in consequence. 
 
 Nursing the Baby. — I hope very much that you will be 
 able to nurse your baby. It will be very much better for him 
 and add greatly to your own comfort if you can. Do not fall 
 into the way of nursing him whenever he cries. A young baby 
 should be nursed every two hours — perhaps not quite so often at 
 night, but at least ten times in twenty-four hours. He takes but 
 little at a time and takes it very slowly. A young baby will often 
 be fifteen or twenty minutes in taking what he wants, and will 
 have several cat-naps in the time. Nursing is hard work for him 
 and he has to stop for rest. When he is three months old, the 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 403 
 
 time between meals may be lengthened to two hours and a half, 
 with a still longer interval at night; at six months, every three 
 hours, with two nursings at night; at ten months he may still be 
 nursed every three hours, if you have milk enough for him, with 
 but one meal at night. He now takes about eight times as much 
 at a meal as when he was first born. 
 
 There are some precautions that you should take while nurs- 
 ing your baby. You may eat any simple and digestible food, but 
 do not eat pickles nor very sour fruits, which are apt to give the baby 
 colic. You should avoid all excitement, and not allow yourself 
 to give way to anger. If by any unfortunate occurrence you 
 should be greatly excited or frightened, do not nurse your baby 
 directly after. Draw off the milk then in the breast and wait for 
 fresh to come in before giving it to the baby. There is something 
 in strong excitement, particularly of terror or grief, which, at 
 least in some women, makes the milk poisonous. I knew a mother 
 once who heard of her father's dangerous illness. She was a 
 very devoted daughter and was greatly distressed; she prepared 
 to go to him at once. In the midst of her preparation she stopped 
 to nurse her baby. The baby was taken almost immediately 
 with convulsions and died in a few hours. Cultivate a quiet 
 mind if you wish your baby to thrive. 
 
 If the nipples become sore and tender, they may cause you 
 much suffering. The nursing, which is ordinarily a pleasure, 
 becomes under such circumstances positive torture. The Tannin 
 and Glycerine mixture, of which I have spoken before, is a very 
 good application in such cases. It should be carefully wiped off 
 before the breast is given to the baby. Be careful not to expose 
 the breast to cold, especially to drafts while nursing. Many 
 broken breasts have come from carelessness in this respect. 
 
 If the baby is doing well he will increase steadily in weight 
 — from two-thirds of an ounce to an ounce a day for the first 
 four or five months, and about half as much for the rest of the 
 year. 
 
 Some Hints. — Teach him to lie quietly in his crib or cradle 
 even when he is awake; too much handling is bad for all young 
 animals. If he is not wet nor soiled, if he is not hungry nor in 
 pain — and you will soon learn to distinguish the cry of pain — he 
 will learn that it is of no use to cry just to be taken up. Turn 
 him over — babies like to change their position and when they are 
 very young cannot do it themselves — and leave him in the cradle. 
 Above all, do not walk with him in your arms. Why babies 
 admire that form of exercise I do not know, but they do admire 
 it. They do not need it, however, and it is very fatiguing to 
 adults. 
 
404 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Do not keep the baby in bed with you at night. While it is 
 still very young there is some danger that, if you are a sound 
 sleeper, you may roll over on it and suffocate it; such things 
 have happened. But apart trom that, it is better for the baby 
 and for you that he should have his own cradle or crib by the 
 side of your bed and be put back into it when he has finished 
 nursing. 
 
 Fresh Air for the Baby. — The baby should pass part of 
 every pleasant day in the open air, except in very cold weather, 
 beginning from the time he is a month old if he is born in the 
 winter; in the summer he can go out almost from the first, 
 avoiding, of course, the heat of the sun when it is very warm. 
 His eyes should be shaded from the light, indeed that precaution 
 should also be taken in the house; a baby should never be 
 allowed to stare at a bright light. He should wear a veil if it is 
 at all cold, so that the cold of the outside air may be modified 
 before it reaches his lungs. Do not keep him out long enough at 
 a time to become chilled. 
 
 Teething. — At about four months the baby will begin to 
 dreul so freely as to need a bib to protect the front of his dress, 
 and will bite eagerly on your fingers or anything that he can put 
 into his mouth. When he is six months old, you may begin to 
 look for his first tooth, although many babies do not get their 
 first teeth till a month or two later. The first tooth is usually a 
 front one on the lower jaw, and the second follows by its side 
 very shortly; then there is a pause for a few weeks or a couple of 
 months, when the two corresponding teeth on the upper jaw 
 appear almost together. The other four front teeth are apt to 
 follow these quite closely, and then there is a long wait. The 
 first molars appear when the baby is from a year to fourteen 
 months old, the upper ones generally cutting through first; then 
 come the eye and stomach teeth when the baby is from sixteen 
 to twenty months old. The last molars may come through any 
 time from the second to the third year. 
 
 It used to be the fashion to ascribe all the ills that a child 
 suffered from the sixth to the twenty-fourth month to his teeth, 
 it is now rather the mode to ignore the teeth altogether as a 
 source of baby ills. I think the truth lies between the two 
 extremes. That the teeth do hurt a baby more or less as they 
 are coming through, I think there is no doubt, and he is apt to 
 be cross, peevish and restless at such times. I have seen a few 
 very nervous children show symptoms of convulsions — one who 
 actually had a convulsion — but convulsions from teething are 
 not nearly so common as used to be supposed. The liability of 
 children of that age to diarrhea and other bowel troubles is 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 405 
 
 owing to changes which are taking place in the baby's digestive 
 apparatus fitting him to digest solid food, not to the cutting of 
 the teeth. Babies fed at the breast are very much less liable to 
 these troubles. It is very unlikely that your baby will have a 
 convulsion, but if he should, put him at once into a hot bath while 
 waiting for the doctor, and keep him in it till the convulsion is 
 over; then take him out, dry him carefully and wrap him up in 
 a blanket till the doctor arrives. Do not dress him as it may be 
 necessary to put him into the hot water again. 
 
 I^ancing the gums is not of the slightest use to help the 
 teeth in cutting through. It is rather a hindrance, but I do think 
 it quiets the nervous symptoms, probably by lessening the irrita- 
 tion when the gums are hot, tender and swollen. 
 
 When Shall You Wean Your Baby ? — It depends on 
 many things — your health and his, and the time at which he was 
 born. If you are not pulled down by the nursing, and the baby 
 grows as he should do and seems satisfied and well nourished, 
 you can nurse him for a year; or, if he was born in the summer, 
 through the second summer. Do not wean him in hot weather 
 nor when he is cutting teeth. Generally children weaned at nine 
 months do fairly well. If the baby was born in the spring or 
 early in the summer, and you doubt your ability to nurse him 
 through the second summer, it is better to wean him while it is 
 still cool, even though the year is not up. 
 
 Return of Monthly Sickness. — As a rule, women have no 
 return of their monthly illness while nursing. To this rule, 
 however, there are many exceptions, and you may be one of these. 
 Should you on that account wean your baby? If the baby still 
 thrives, I do not think it necessary on his account. It may be that 
 the double strain is too much for you; that depends on how vigorous 
 your health is. In that case you must balance your own interests 
 and the baby's, and decide between them. Usually, if your health 
 seriously deteriorates, the character of your milk will suffer; but 
 this is not always the case. I have seen women greatly exhausted 
 by nursing who had babies the picture of health. All their 
 strength went to milk, as the old women say. There is another 
 possibility which is much more serious; occasionally a nursing 
 woman becomes pregnant. If you find that to be your case, you 
 must wean your baby at once. It is not only best for him, but 
 even if your milk continued good, it is the greatest injustice to 
 the coming child to continue nursing. It is next to impossible 
 that you should fairly nourish both. 
 
 Unless because of some such emergency as this, do not wean 
 your baby suddenly. Begin by feeding him once, then twice in 
 the twenty-four hours; then feed him through the day, reserving 
 
4 o6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 your milk for the night. In this way you accustom him gradu- 
 ally to the change of food, and still have your milk for him if he 
 should become suddenly ill. Then if all is well, you can take 
 the breast from him altogether. In this way also you will have 
 less trouble with your breasts. The quantity of milk lessens 
 with the lessening demand, and at the last you will have little 
 trouble. A compress of Camphorated Oil helps to dry the milk. 
 Press or milk out enough milk to prevent caking, and you will 
 have no trouble. It is quite a little art to milk a woman's breast 
 without giving pain or causing any irritation. The rubbing 
 should be done with the tips of the fingers, and always from the 
 edge of the breast toward the nipple. It is not easy to describe, 
 but any experienced nurse or mother will show you how it is 
 done. 
 
 What to Feed the Baby. — What will you feed your baby 
 after and during weaning? Principally milk. A baby a year 
 old, or nearly, can drink cow's milk, only it should be slightly 
 warmed. How to obtain good milk is the next question. If 
 you own a cow and can see to it that she has a good pasture, or 
 a clean, well- ventilated stable, that she is in good condition and 
 has wholesome food, you are very fortunate. If not, you must 
 trust to the milkman. If you know something about him and 
 his cows, so much the better; if you have serious doubts about 
 the milk, it must be sterilized. I will describe the process later. 
 Some authorities say that a baby a year old should have a bottle. 
 I do not think so. Most children a year old can easily be taught 
 to drink from a cup, and not only the trouble but the risks of 
 nipples and bottles are saved. He does not need to be fed 
 oftener than once in four hours, and once at night, at which 
 times he should have as much as he wants. You may give him, 
 if you like, particularly if he is inclined to be constipated, 
 strained oatmeal gruel made rather thin; and a little chicken or 
 mutton broth will not hurt him. Now and then he may have a 
 chicken bone to suck, but the main dependence must be milk. 
 If the bowels are too loose, the milk should be boiled. 
 
 Avoid Advertised Foods. — Do not be beguiled by the various 
 prepared foods on the market, nor by the advertisements with 
 pictures of most blooming infants fed exclusively on each and 
 every one of them. None of them are to be compared to the 
 fresh milk of a healthy cow, and with the present methods of 
 sterilization milk can be utilized that is not perfect. If you are 
 unfortunately so situated that you cannot procure even passably 
 fresh milk, or the milk at your command hopelessly disagrees 
 with the baby even after sterilization, malted milk is probably 
 the best substitute. It has the disadvantage of being quite expen- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 407 
 
 sive. Condensed milk is very much used, but it is deficient in 
 nourishing qualities, and, although babies often grow fat while 
 using it, they are not strong. 
 
 When the baby has all his teeth but the last molars — usually 
 when he is from one to two years old — you may begin to give 
 him some solid food: a slice of stale bread and butter, bread and 
 milk, a little mashed white potato, a sandwich made of rare beef 
 scraped fine, a piece of rare beef to suck which you must watch 
 that he does not swallow, a little oatmeal or corn meal mush, or 
 a soft boiled egg. He will now take four meals a day and does 
 not need to be fed at night. 
 
 Do not make the mistake of letting him taste food which he 
 cannot have with the idea that a taste will not hurt him. It 
 may not, but it makes him unhappy. Children will not fret for 
 food of which they do not know the taste. It is better not to 
 have him at the family table at this age if it can be avoided. 
 He is too young to be taught good manners, and some of the 
 older members of the family may not be able to resist the tempta- 
 tion of feeding him a little. 
 
 Food for Babies Who Cannot be Nursed. — We must 
 now go back and speak of the baby's food in case that you are 
 so unfortunate as to be unable from the first to nurse him. A 
 new-born baby cannot digest cow's milk unmodified. "It is a 
 mistake," some old doctor has said, " to think that cow's milk is 
 the proper food for babies; it is the proper food for calves." 
 This is certainly true of the new-born baby. What are we to do 
 then? We must modify the milk so as to make it resemble the 
 mother's milk as much as possible; for that it should have more 
 fat, more sugar and much less curd. A wise Philadelphia doctor, 
 who devoted much of his attention to children, devised a mixture 
 which is called, after him, Meigs' Mixture \ from which I have 
 found excellent results; following is the receipt for a pint of 
 it (you should have a measuring glass graduated for ounces, and 
 then it is perfectly easy to make): 
 
 Milk 2 ounces. 
 
 Cream 3 " 
 
 Water 10 " 
 
 Milk Sugar 6^ teaspoonfuls. 
 
 The Milk Sugar you can get at the druggist's. 
 
 If your milk and cream comes from a milkman, this mixture 
 should be sterilized before using. You can buy a sterilizer, 
 which consists of half a dozen bottles in a wire frame, and a pan 
 for the hot water, which should be deep enough nearly to cover 
 the bottles; but all you really need at this stage, if you have an 
 ordinary steamer, is a pint bottle. Fill this bottle with the 
 
408 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 mixture, put it into the steamer over a kettle of boiling water, 
 first corking it tightly with absorbent cotton, and let it steam 
 twenty minutes; then take it up, before it is quite cool add a tea- 
 spoonful of I^ime Water, and put it on ice. 
 
 The baby will take from an ounce to an ounce and a half at 
 a time. He should be fed ten times in the twenty-four hours, 
 and you should make enough at one time to last that long. The 
 food should always be warmed for him. You will need an alcohol 
 lamp to warm it at night. After he is six weeks old he will take 
 two ounces of food at a time, and need not be fed quite so often 
 at night — eight times in the twenty -four hours will do ; at three 
 months he will take four ounces at a time and should not, if he 
 takes all his food at each meal, need more than six meals in the 
 twenty-four hours; at six months he will probably take about six 
 ounces at a time and need to be fed as often; at ten months he 
 will take eight ounces and need only be fed once at night, making 
 five times in the twenty-four hours. 
 
 Buy a nursing bottle — one without tubing — that will hold 
 a pint. It is hard enough to keep the nipples perfectly sweet 
 and clean; it is practically impossible to keep fine tubing 
 so. The bottle should be scalded each time that it is used and 
 carefully dried. The nipples should be carefully washed and 
 then placed in a bowl of water to which a little cooking soda has 
 been added. The baby's mouth should be washed out quite 
 frequently with clear water to prevent its becoming sore. It is a 
 good plan to wash it after a meal, unless he has gone to sleep 
 over his bottle, in which case it is a pity to disturb him. 
 
 Learning to Walk. — A healthy baby can usually sit up, 
 if he is propped by pillows, when he is six months old ; but it is 
 two or three months later before he will sit up of himself. After 
 that he will make decided efforts to get about, often at first by 
 rolling over and over and then pulling himself up by sofas and 
 chairs. Some babies will hitch themselves over the ground with 
 considerable rapidity, and some will make efforts to creep. A 
 baby can usually stand alone before he can creep much. 
 
 There is a great difference in the age at which babies make 
 their first attempts at walking. Usually it is at about a year. 
 Very ambitious and forward children will sometimes try at nine 
 months; on the other hand, sluggish and backward children 
 sometimes reach eighteen months without having made any effort 
 to walk. Do not encourage the baby to walk before he is a year 
 old, particularly if he is fat and heavy. Bow-legged children are 
 made in that way. It is much better that he should strengthen 
 his little legs by creeping before he puts his weight on them. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 409 
 
 Where He is Kept. — If the baby has a nursery to himself, it 
 should be bright and sunny, evenly warmed and well- ventilated; 
 and this is true of any room he inhabits. On no account should 
 there be anything like soiled or wet diapers left lying about to 
 injure the purity of the air. 
 
 His Clothing. — The clothing should be loose and adapted 
 to the season. It should be warm in the winter and not too 
 warm in the summer. The child's bowels should always be pro- 
 tected by flannel summer and winter. In summer the flannel 
 should be soft and light in weight. The clothing should not 
 interfere with the freedom of the child's movements. The long 
 dresses are usually shortened at six months; in summer this may 
 well be done a month earlier, giving the baby a chance to kick 
 and so strengthen his legs. 
 
 Medicines. — Give the baby as little medicine as possible, 
 and on no account give him any sort of soothing syrup to make 
 him sleep. This is one of the worst things you can do, making 
 an Opium eater of him while he is still in arms. 
 
 Diseases of Children. — I have said nothing about diseases 
 of children because that subject is ably discussed elsewhere, but 
 I might give you a few hints in closing. Babies under a year old 
 should be specially guarded from whooping cough. This is usually 
 a slight ailment for children from five to ten years of age, but it 
 is dangerous for young babies, and the younger the baby the 
 more dangerous it becomes. Diphtheria is a scourge for old and 
 young, but it is particularly dangerous to young children. On 
 that account do not allow strangers to kiss or fondle your baby 
 while it is taking its airing, and quarantine your nursery strictly 
 against any one — man, woman or child — with a sore throat. Of 
 the other children's diseases, scarlet fever is the only one which 
 you need specially dread. Measles sometimes become dangerous 
 if the child takes cold afterward and has pneumonia in conse- 
 quence. 
 
 In closing this chapter, I can only wish both you and the 
 baby long life and the best of health, and hope that following the 
 advice I have given may contribute something to both. 
 
WHAT A WOMAN OF FORTY-FIVE OUGHT TO KNOW. 
 
 Women approaching this age often ask questions very diffi- 
 cult to answer. When will the period of irregularity, rather 
 inelegantly called by English authors the "dodging time," begin? 
 How long will it last ? When will the flow definitely stop ? None 
 of these questions can be answered by positive assurance. There 
 is a very great difference among individual women in this respect. 
 One can only give something approaching a general average. 
 According to my experience, though I do not remember to have 
 seen it stated in books, the early or late closing of the menstrual 
 period, where it is not influenced by any disease or mental or 
 physical shock, is largely a matter of family habit. In some 
 families the married women rarely have any irregularity before 
 fifty, and cease menstruating at from fifty-three to fifty-five 
 years; in others the flow commonly ceases before forty-five. 
 Tait, who is the great authority on this subject, gives forty-five 
 years, eight and one-half months as the average date of closing. 
 The observations were made upon English and French women. 
 According to my observation, that is too early for us. Forty- 
 eight years seems to me much nearer the average. There is a 
 prevailing impression that if the menstruation begins early, it 
 will close early. The exact contrary is the fact; a menstruation 
 which begins late is more apt to finish early. There is a certain 
 lack of vigor in the action of the ovaries, which is shown by the 
 tardy appearance of the flow and which favors its early exhaus- 
 tion, thus causing an early cessation of menstruation. 
 
 Married women who have borne children are, other things 
 being equal, later in stopping than their unmarried sisters. Some 
 women, not a small number, lose their courses abruptly without 
 any period of irregularity whatever. This is sometimes the 
 result of nervous shock or exposure to extreme cold at or about 
 the menstrual period; sometimes without any known reason. 
 One would naturally suppose that such women would suffer more 
 than others, but experience has not shown that they do. The 
 average length of the irregular period is a little over two years, 
 and the time which the various disturbances persist after the flow 
 has finally ceased is about the same, making a period of disturb- 
 ance of rather over four years. This is, however, subject to 
 great variations. Sometimes it is very much shortened and, on 
 the other hand, it may be lengthened to ten or twelve years. 
 
 410 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 411 
 
 Feeling of Apprehension. — Most women look forward to 
 this period of their lives with great apprehension, feeling sure 
 that a great body of diseases is waiting to spring upon them at 
 this time. This is largely a misapprehension. It is no doubt a 
 period of strain in which the weak points in the constitution 
 come to the front, but healthy women with well-balanced nervous 
 systems come through the time, in nine cases out of ten, with a 
 very moderate amount of discomfort, often hardly giving the 
 matter a thought. "I was so busy in those days that I hardly 
 thought of it," one woman said to me when I asked her how she 
 had come through the change. She was not by any means 
 robust, but as far as her sexual organs were concerned she was 
 well. The flow, when it does appear after the irregularity 
 begins, is apt to be accompanied by more pain than customary. 
 It is also very irregular in duration and in quantity. I have 
 known a slight flow — only just enough to make it desirable to 
 wear a napkin — to persist for three months when there was no 
 disease whatever. Such a flow, when it is so slight as not to be 
 weakening, need cause no alarm. On the other hand, a profuse 
 flow which tends to persist is caused, almost without exception, 
 by some diseased condition which can be corrected by medical 
 treatment. The most common cause is granulations of the 
 mucous membrane inside the womb, which can be removed by 
 scraping out the womb, or, if they are not very bad, are some- 
 times made to disappear by astringent applications. 
 
 Hot Flashes. — The most universal discomfort of this time 
 which all women notice more or less, but which in some is only 
 a slight inconvenience while in others it amounts to very positive 
 suffering, are the hot flashes, so-called. These flashes are very 
 varied in their effects. Sometimes a great wave of heat passes 
 over the whole body, making one feel as if the room were intol- 
 erably hot; sometimes a special portion of the body, as a foot, an 
 arm or a hand, feels as if it were on fire. These flashes ordi- 
 narily last only two or three minutes, though the time may well 
 seem longer to the person enduring them. They are often 
 preceded or followed by a shivering fit; more frequently followed 
 perhaps by a drenching perspiration. There is sometimes, 
 though I think not often, palpitation of the heart and other 
 nervous disturbances. These flashes occur with most varying 
 frequency — from three or four a day to the same number an 
 hour. Most women pay but little attention to them, but to 
 some, as I have said before, they become nearly intolerable. I 
 know of nothing that will drive them away altogether, but 
 Bromide of Potash, from five to ten grains two or three times a 
 day in plenty of water — about half a tumblerful for each dose — 
 will certainly diminish their severity and frequency. 
 
412 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Both women who are anxious to have children and women 
 who are very unwilling to have them, often suppose themselves 
 to be pregnant at the change of life. The former are much 
 harder than the latter to be persuaded of their error. I remember 
 one woman over fifty who had the year before lost her youngest 
 child, a young girl to whom she was devoted. She was delighted 
 by the prospect of another child, and I had the greatest difficulty 
 in persuading her that she was not pregnant, though she had 
 absolutely no symptoms of it except the disappearance of the 
 menstrual flow. Pregnancy at an age over forty-five is rare, and 
 the rarity increases with each succeeding year; so a woman 
 between forty-five and fifty need not take pregnancy into the 
 account when she notices that the monthly flow has failed to 
 appear. It is true that it is still possible, but it is so very 
 unlikely that it need not be considered. 
 
 Diseases Which Are Feared at This Time. — The 
 
 diseases which most women associate with change of life are 
 tumors, ovarian and uterine, and cancer. Ovarian tumors are 
 much more common in younger women, and, far from being 
 caused by the change of life, are rare at that time. Fibroid 
 tumors of the womb may appear at any time, though they are 
 more common in early middle life. In most cases they are 
 favorably affected by the change, so that I usually advise a 
 woman suffering from one, who is decidedly over forty and not 
 in any present danger, to wait for the change of life before 
 undergoing an operation; for at that time tumors of moderate 
 size often disappear altogether, or at least shrink so as to make 
 no further trouble. 
 
 Cancer is a disease of old age, though in some forms it is 
 occasionally seen in young people, or even in children. There is 
 no doubt that it occurs more frequently between the ages of forty 
 and sixty, but it has not on that account any real connection with 
 change of life. With men it also occurs most frequently at that 
 age. 
 
 Nervous Disturbances. — The real troubles which are to 
 be directly attributed to the change of life are those of the 
 circulation which I have mentioned and which are all but 
 universal — flooding, which, when it is severe, is almost if not 
 quite always due to some diseased condition which can be 
 removed by surgery; and some nervous disturbances of which 
 I will now speak. Some women have nervous systems extremely 
 sensitive to impressions, especially from the sexual organs. 
 Such women are apt to be depressed and irritable during men- 
 struation, and sometimes perhaps to have hysterical attacks at 
 such times. They are extremely irritable and unreasonable 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 413 
 
 during pregnancy, particularly towards its close, and such 
 women are apt to suffer from nervous disorders during change 
 of life. They are unreasonable and bad-tempered to such a 
 degree that servants will not stay with them, and the family 
 escape them as much as possible; or they are melancholy, sitting 
 for hours brooding over petty annoyances hardly worth a second 
 thought; or they suffer from a confusion of ideas, find it hard to 
 fix their attention, lose confidence in themselves, and are often 
 tormented by the fear of becoming insane. Very few, compar- 
 atively speaking, do become insane, and of those few, unless it 
 is hereditary, the insanity is usually curable. Suicide is not 
 uncommon among this class of patients. 
 
 Something may be done for these nervous disturbances by 
 medical treatment. The bowels should be kept freely open, 
 and a long warm bath, where the patient remains for an hour or 
 more in the water, is an excellent sedative. Sleep should be 
 secured at all hazards, even if it becomes necessary to give 
 medicine for this purpose. Often change of air and scene and 
 entire relief from household cares prove beneficial. In its begin- 
 ning, in many of these cases, much may be done by the patient 
 herself. This sensitiveness of the nervous system to the 
 influence of other organs is a physical, not a mental condition. 
 The impulse to speak the ill-natured word is strong, but is not, 
 at least at first, irresistible. I have known cases of this nervous 
 temperament combined with a strong will and sturdy common 
 sense, where month by month and year by year the impulses 
 were steadily fought down and the expression of them prevented, 
 till at last the battle was permanently won. Unfortunately this 
 combination is rare. 
 
 Other Possible Disturbances. — There is another matter 
 to be considered. This is, as I have said, a period of special 
 strain and, when women are not in sound health, the evils lurking 
 in the system are apt to come to the front. A woman with 
 defective heart valves T%ill be apt to suffer from disturbed heart 
 action, palpitations, fainting fits, etc. A woman whose stomach 
 or liver is her weak point, is apt to suffer very much from digestive 
 troubles. There is not often trouble with the lungs, for weak 
 lungs are rather benefited than otherwise by the economy of 
 blood gained by the suppression of the monthly flow, and the 
 lungs do not react easily to nervous disturbances. If the bladder 
 is irritable, it is apt to be troublesome. There will be difficulty 
 in retaining the urine, and sometimes pain in passing it. These 
 troubles are only indirectly owing to the change of life. They 
 are the reaction of weak and sensitive organs to the disturbance 
 of the whole system. 
 
4 I4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 What can be done to pass this critical period with the least 
 possible disturbance ? Plenty of gentle exercise should be taken, 
 but also plenty of rest. One should not work to the point of 
 great fatigue, bodily or mentally. The food should be bland and 
 not stimulating — not very much meat, only weak tea and coffee, 
 and that in moderate quantity, and absolutely no w T ine or beer. 
 The bowels should be kept freely open, and the skin kept in the 
 best possible condition by daily warm, not hot, baths. By this 
 means much of the used-up matter in the system is carried off 
 and the tension relieved. Excitement should be avoided and 
 regular hours kept. 
 
 It is very undesirable to marry at this time, particularly for 
 women who have never been married before. The organs, 
 already in a state of more or less disturbance, bear the unaccus- 
 tomed stimulus of marriage very badly. 
 
 Caution. — I have a word of caution to give in closing this 
 subject. It is not safe for every woman above forty to take it 
 for granted that every disturbance of the menses comes from 
 the impending change. In that way diseased conditions, which 
 might at first have been easily remedied, become much more 
 serious by neglect. The increased flow and the dribbling of 
 blood between the periods may be the result of a polypus, which 
 a few twists of the forceps will remove; or of a cancer, for which 
 the only hope is in an early operation; or of some other diseased 
 condition which needs prompt treatment. The change to which 
 the conditions are ascribed may yet be several }^ears distant. 
 
 A few months after the flow has definitely ceased the 
 woman's health begins to improve, very slowly at first, and at 
 the same time, in a large number of cases, she begins to put on 
 flesh. The improvement persists until at the end of the second 
 year she has quite commonly better health than she has known 
 for years. The Indian Summer of life has commenced for her, 
 and more often than not long years of usefulness and peace are 
 opening before her. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN. 
 
 MENSTRUATION. 
 
 In order properly to understand this subject, it is necessary 
 first to give a 
 
 Description of the Ovaries. — The ovaries are small, some- 
 what elongated oval bodies about i % inches in length, % of an 
 inch wide and Yz of an inch thick. They are situated one on 
 each side of and a little distant from the uterus. They are 
 attached to the uterus by ligaments and by the Fallopian tubes. 
 They are a part of the reproductive organs of the female, and 
 furnish the ovum, or egg, which passes through the Fallopian 
 tubes into the uterus. They consist of a large number of small 
 bodies called the Graafian vesicles, named after their discoverer. 
 These small bodies are about T fo of an inch in diameter and are 
 embedded in a framework of tissue. They contain the ovum, or 
 egg, and both the vesicles and ovum are formed as follows: 
 
 The ovaries are surrounded or enclosed with certain mem- 
 branes, and, like all other tissues, these membranes are composed 
 of little cells. After the age of puberty the cells constituting 
 the inner layer are constantly changing. First, they gradually 
 enlarge, then become detached or separated from the membrane, 
 after which they are surrounded by another delicate membrane. 
 The cell and its membrane constitutes a Graafian vesicle. The 
 cell continues to undergo a series of changes until it is trans- 
 formed into the ovum, or egg. Later, and at regular intervals, 
 some of these eggs rupture the membranes which enclose them 
 and pass through the Fallopian tubes into the uterus. 
 
 The tubes which convey the eggs to the uterus are about four 
 inches in length. They are considerably curved in their course; 
 while the ovary is situated at the outer end of the tube, it is only 
 about one inch distant from the uterus. The opening through these 
 tubes is very small — perhaps large enough to admit the passage of 
 a fine bristle. The tubes are composed of three coats. The inner 
 coat is mucous membrane which is continuous with that lining 
 the uterus; the middle is a muscular coat and is continuous from 
 
 415 
 
41 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the muscular walls of the uterus ; and the outer coat is formed of 
 peritoneum, the same membrane which lines the abdominal 
 cavity. The tubes join the uterus at the upper or superior 
 angles, one on each side. Really the uterus, tubes and ovaries 
 may be considered as one organ. The different parts are designed 
 to discharge the various duties necessary for the fulfillment of 
 its purpose in life. 
 
 The Graafian vesicles and ovum are present in infancy, and 
 even in fetal life. During the early years their blood supply is 
 limited. They remain quiet until near the time of what is 
 called puberty, when their blood supply is increased, and this 
 excites a more active condition. They begin to enlarge, and 
 continue to increase in size until one of them ruptures its 
 membrane or capsule and escapes into the uterus as described. 
 During the time these changes have been going on, the uterus 
 has also received an increased blood suppty and the mucous 
 membrane lining its cavity has become highly congested. When 
 the egg drops into the uterus, the vessels of the membrane rup- 
 ture, there is a flow of blood, and the egg is carried onward and 
 may or may not escape from the body. When this condition 
 becomes established, it occurs at regular intervals and constitutes 
 what is called 
 
 Menstruation. — This periodical condition or change natur- 
 ally occurs once in twenty-eight days. However, from three to 
 six weeks may be normal in exceptional cases. There is an 
 increase in the blood pressure throughout the body, with special 
 tendency toward the uterus and pelvic organs. During preg- 
 nancy menstruation is absent, though occasionally it may con- 
 tinue at the regular period for a few months, or in a light form 
 throughout the term. It is also absent during the nursing period. 
 
 Cause. — This is Nature's means or method of bringing about 
 certain conditions necessary to the propagation of the human 
 race. 
 
 Symptoms. — When occurring normally, the symptoms are 
 few and light. There may be a sense of fullness, heaviness and 
 slight irritability about the pelvic organs. When occurring the 
 first time, in exceptional cases there may be fever, restlessness, 
 nervous phenomena, etc., but these all disappear with the begin- 
 ning of the flow. When menstruation is painful, when it is 
 excessive or when it is diminished, it is an indication of disease, 
 either local or general. 
 
 Menstruation Diminished. — This is a condition where 
 the flow is diminished, but not entirely checked. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 417 
 
 Cause. — It may result from exposure, wet feet, insufficient 
 clothing or fright; or a chronic form may result from wasting 
 diseases. 
 
 Symptoms. — Occurring in the acute form, fever, constipation, 
 headache, loss of appetite, etc. The symptoms may vary all the 
 way from slight to more serious conditions, and even delirium be 
 present. The symptoms of the chronic form are those of the 
 conditions which produce it. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do. — In the acute form give Aconite, or such other 
 remedies as are used in fevers, and active cathartics; place the 
 feet in hot water, give hot drinks, and lay hot fomentations across 
 the abdomen. This treatment relieves congestion by equalizing 
 the circulation. If the case becomes serious, a physician should 
 be called. 
 
 A. If the patient is healthy, many physicians give no treat- 
 ment where the flow is diminished or suppressed, but wait until 
 the next regular period. It should be remembered that in some 
 cases there may be considerable irregularity, even in a healthy 
 subject, during the first year or so. Such cases need no special 
 attention. 
 
 In the chronic form the treatment should be directed to 
 general improvement. 
 
 AMENORRHEA. — Amenorrhea is absence or suppression 
 of the menses. After the flow has been established it does not 
 take place, or may be retained. 
 
 Cause. — There are several conditions which tend to a lower- 
 ing of the vital forces, and this contributes to amenorrhea, as: 
 unhealthy surroundings, poor food, indigestion, too much hard 
 work, worry, fright, anaemia, and wasting diseases, especially 
 consumption. By stopping the loss of blood Nature tries to 
 reserve the forces of the patient. Amenorrhea is present during 
 pregnancy, and after the removal of the uterus or ovaries. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. What these cases usually require is that which is best 
 calculated to restore bodily strength and vigor. Improve the 
 hygienic surroundings, give tonics, plain, nourishing food, fresh 
 air and sunshine. It is a mistake in these cases to give remedies 
 merely for the purpose of producing a flow of the menses. Restore 
 the general system. This will be the most certain to re-establish 
 the menstrual period. 
 
 There is a form of amenorrhea that is congenital — exists 
 from birth. These cases may be due to the absence or lack of 
 
 27 
 
4 i 8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 development of the uterus or ovaries, or to an imperforate hymen 
 — one without opening. If amenorrhea is accompanied by good 
 health and a lively disposition, let the case alone. Such cases 
 occur sometimes, and need no treatment whavever. 
 
 B. I use Lloyd's I^eontin in 30-drop doses four times a day. 
 
 -(30). 
 
 C. Plethoric (full-blooded) subjects may take the following: 
 
 Permanganate of Potash j 2 grains. 
 
 Petroleum Jelly sufficient to fill 12 No. 2 cap- 
 sules. 
 
 Take one capsule before eating until all are taken, commen- 
 cing two days before the time for the expected period. — (32). 
 
 DYSMENORRHEA.— Dysmenorrhea indicates a difficult 
 or painful menstruation. 
 
 Causes. — There are several conditions which produce this 
 trouble or disease, such as congestion, laceration or ulcers; it 
 may be neuralgic or rheumatic in its nature; it may be due to 
 anaemia; or there may be mechanical interference, such as dis- 
 placement or stenosis. Stenosis in this case means a narrowing 
 of the external opening. It may be membranous, i. e. y the lining 
 membrane of the uterus may be cast off in shreds; or, in excep- 
 tional cases the membrane may be expelled altogether, giving a 
 complete cast of the uterus. In unmarried women the most 
 frequent cause is stenosis. In this case the pain comes on a few 
 hours or a day or two before the flow, and stops when the flow is 
 established. In married women the most frequent cause is dis- 
 placement and the inflammation which follows it. 
 
 TREATMENTS . — 
 
 A. In the case of young girls examination is not justifiable 
 until other means have failed. Give cathartics if needed. If the 
 patient is nervous before the periods give for a day or two 10-grain 
 doses of Bromide of Soda together with 5 grains of Valerianate 
 of Ammonia, every four hours. If there is much fever, give 
 Aconite; if there is a history of rheumatism, give 20 grains of 
 Salicylate of Soda four times a day, and keep the bowels active. 
 If the patient is anaemic, give tonics, out-of-door exercise and 
 nourishing diet. Morphine is seldom required. Any one of the 
 Uterine Tonics given under Miscellaneous Medical Receipts 
 (see Index) will be found a specific in many cases and of great 
 benefit in others, when not due to mechanical interference. 
 Stenosis, prolapses or other forms of displacement, require 
 surgical interference. 
 
 B. Put the patient to bed and apply hot water bag or hot 
 poultice to lower part of abdomen. Give foot-bath in hot Mus- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 419 
 
 tard water. Evacuate the bowels as early as possible by giving 
 5 grains of Calomel and by rectal injection of one quart of hot 
 soapy water. 
 
 The following combination will control pain and nervousness: 
 
 Bromide of Potash 4 drachms. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate 2^ " 
 
 Chloroform Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Give two teaspoonfuls in a little water every 
 two or three hours. 
 
 It is unwise to give laudanum or other opiates for the 
 relief of this condition, because when they are once inaugurated 
 the patient is very liable to acquire a drug habit — a condition far 
 worse than the original disease. If these attacks are persistent 
 and occur with each menstrual epoch, consult a good physician 
 and allow him to dilate the uterine canal. — (49). 
 
 C. Squaw Vine, Fluid Extract x /z ounce. 
 
 Black Haw, " " 1 ounce. 
 
 Dogwood, " " y z " 
 
 Hyoscyamus, " " ]/ 2 " 
 
 Codeine Sulphate 8 grains. 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful three times a 
 day for two or three days before the period 
 commences. — ( 31 ) . 
 
 D. Pulsatilla Tincture... 1 drop every half hour 
 
 while the pain continues. — (41). 
 
 E. Make a tea of Chamomile plant (see chapter 
 on Herbs) and drink three or four times daily 
 for six weeks. — (38). 
 
 MENORRHAGIA. — Menorrhagia is a term applied to an 
 excessive menstrual flow. 
 
 Cause. — The cause may be inflammation of the uterus, tubes 
 or ovaries; or inflammation of the pelvic organs outside the 
 uterus may cause it. It may be caused by tumors in the uterus or 
 ovaries; or it may be caused by erosion, by subinvolution or by 
 hyperplasia (see Diseases of the Womb). 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Put the patient to bed and maintain absolute quiet. 
 Give 1 teaspoonful Fluid Extract of Ergot every hour for two or 
 three doses, or 20-drop doses of Tincture of Belladonna, or io- 
 drop doses of Tincture of Iron. These remedies are valuable in 
 the order given. If the case is urgent, raise the foot of the bed 
 on two chairs and insert small pieces of cotton into the vagina. 
 Excessive flow without any discernible cause may be cured by a 
 long-continued use of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus in Y 2 teaspoon- 
 ful doses four times a day. 
 
4 20 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Fluid Extract Golden Seal i ounce 
 
 Fluid Extract Ergot i " 
 
 Mix> and take teaspoonf ul doses every three 
 hours, more or less often, according to the 
 severity of the case. — (31). 
 
 C. Fluid Extract Ergot y 2 ounce. 
 
 Simple Syrup enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Take 1 teaspoonful every three hours, or 
 oftener if needed. Rest in bed is absolutely 
 necessary if flowing is very excessive. — (42). 
 
 METORRHAGIA.— Metorrhagia is usually understood to 
 mean an excessive uterine hemhorrage between the menstrual 
 periods. 
 
 Cause. — It may be caused by some of the conditions 
 mentioned under Menorrhagia, by polypus, cancer, threatened 
 abortion, retained part of the after-birth following labor, or 
 placenta praevia, i. <?., where the placenta or after-birth grows 
 directly over the external uterine opening. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same as for Me?iorrhagia. In all cases 
 where the hemorrhage is excessive or where pregnancy is 
 suspected, send for a physician. 
 
 GREEN SICKNESS— CHLOROSIS.— This is a term 
 applied to a particular form of anaemia, often distinguished by a 
 greenish-yellow coloration of the skin. It occurs in young 
 persons, chiefly girls about puberty. It is an anaemic (see 
 Anemia) condition of a pronounced type. 
 
 Cause. — Disturbances of nutrition beginning with indigestion 
 and constipation. 
 
 Symptoms. — The skin assumes a pallid hue, the flesh becomes 
 flabby, and the countenance after the menses, which are 
 either scanty or suppressed, has a greenish-yellow cast. There 
 is no loss of flesh, instead the patient sometimes takes on fat. The 
 feet and legs have a tendency to swell, the patient tires easily, 
 has palpitation on slight exertion, the appetite is usually 
 depraved, the digestion impaired and constipation the rule. 
 Gastric Ulcer (see Stomach, Ulcer of) may occur, and con- 
 sumption, especially in those predisposed, is a common result. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 The treatment consists in nourishing diet and every atten- 
 tion to the general health. Any of the following remedies may 
 be taken to advantage: 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 421 
 
 A. Tincture Chloride of Iron yi ounce. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Give 1 teaspoonful after meals and at bed- 
 time. — (82). 
 
 B. Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites 5 ounces. 
 Maltine, or any good preparation 
 
 of Extract of Malt 10 " 
 
 Mix by shaking the bottle, and take a table- 
 spoonful after meals and at bedtime — four doses 
 a day. 
 
 C. Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 4 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Mix. Take teaspoonful four times a day — 
 after meals and at bedtime. 
 
 D. Blaud's Pills — 5 grains each. Take 1 at meal time and 
 at bedtime — four a day. 
 
 E. Wyeth's Peptonate of Iron and Manganese. Dose on 
 label 011 bottle. 
 
 Tablespoonful dose of Kpsom Salts every morning.- — (7). 
 
 CONFINEMENT, AND ATTENDANT DANGERS AND DISEASES. 
 
 Pregnancy, Signs of. — The following are the signs of 
 pregnancy: Cessation of menstruation; a uniform development 
 of the uterus, the organ beginning to enlarge from the fourth to 
 the sixth week; regular and gradual enlargement of the abdomi- 
 nal cavity, beginning about the third month; morning vomiting, 
 which commences about the fourth or fifth week and lasts for 
 three months, more or less — this is sometimes absent, and some- 
 times very persistent; gradual enlargement of the breasts, the 
 change occurring about the second or third month — slight sore- 
 ness may be present, also change of color about the nipples, the 
 skin becoming darker; movement of the child. It should be 
 remembered that any of these symptoms may occur without 
 pregnancy, even imaginary movement of the child; but when 
 occurring together, the case is certainly suspicious and undoubt- 
 edly the condition of pregnancy exists. The only positive sign 
 is hearing the fetal heart beat. Usually this can be heard about 
 the fourth month. 
 
 To Calculate Time of Confinement. — The usual method 
 is to count nine months from the cessation of the last menstrual 
 period and add one week. This is equivalent to 280 days. The 
 limits are said to be from 250 to 300 days. Some authorities put 
 
422 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 it as high as 317 days. There is always a period of uncertainty 
 of one or two weeks because the exact time of conception 
 is seldom known. 
 
 ABORTION— MISCARRIAGE.— In law and medicine 
 Abortion is generally understood to mean the expulsion of the fetus 
 from the uterus at any time before viability, or before the child is 
 capable of maintaining life. By some abortion is applied to the 
 expulsion of the fetus during the first three months of pregnancy. 
 From the third to about the seventh month is called Miscarriage; 
 from the seventh month to maturity or full term is called Prema- 
 ture Labor, or Premature Delivery. With some the term abortion is 
 associated with the idea of criminality, that is, that abortion is 
 brought on intentionally ; hence the term has fallen somewhat 
 into disuse and "miscarriage" has taken its place. 
 
 Causes or Conditions that Produce Abortion. — Disease or 
 injury of the fetus; disease or injury of the mother; disease 
 of the placenta, or what is commonly called the after-birth; 
 hemorrhage beneath and seperation of the placenta from its 
 attachment to the uterus ; syphilis ; rupture of the membrane 
 which encloses the fetus, either accidentally or intentionally; 
 high temperature from some forms of fever; any conditions pro- 
 ducing congestion and inflammation of the pelvic organs and 
 uterus; and irritation of the uterus from tumor growth. Death 
 of the fetus may or may not result in abortion. Severe mental 
 shock is said to produce abortion in some cases. It is sometimes 
 produced by drugs. Perhaps one of the most common causes 
 of abortion is inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the 
 uterus. This membrane is sometimes called the endometrium. 
 For cause of such inflammation see Inflammation of the 
 Uterus. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are not unlike those of ordinary 
 labor. The difference is governed somewhat by the age of the 
 fetus. There is pain, which may be located in the back, in the 
 front of the abdomen, in the groins, or may be most prominent 
 in the uterus itself. These same variations often occur in regular 
 labor. There is dilatation of the opening into the uterus. 
 Hemorrhage is usually severe, because the placenta or after- 
 birth is firmly attached to the walls of the uterus and is torn loose 
 rather than separated naturally, as in the case of full term. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment in a case of abortion is the same as that fol- 
 lowing regular labor (see IyABOR). 
 
DISBASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 423 
 
 Dangers of Abortion. — During the early stages of preg- 
 nancy the membranes which surround the fetus and the placenta 
 are more delicate in structure than the mature growth. The 
 placenta is firmly attached to the walls of the uterus, hence the 
 danger of some parts being torn off and remaining adherent 
 to the walls of the organ. Such remaining tissue would die, 
 decompose, and the poisons from it absorbed into the circulation 
 would produce what is called Puerperal Fever or Septicemia; in 
 other words, blood poisoning would occur. Sometimes such 
 remaining tissue is said to become organized, /. e. } surrounded 
 and permeated by bands of new connective tissue fibers. L,ater, 
 blood vessels are supplied, and the growth continues and results 
 in what is called a Fibroid Tumor, meaning a tumor of hard tissue. 
 In any case where parts of the after-birth remain, the uterus 
 remains large and contains too much blood. This condition is 
 described under Subinvolution. The inflammation resulting from 
 retained parts of the after-birth may extend to the abdominal 
 cavity and produce Peritonitis. The greatest danger exists from 
 the third to the sixth month, because the placenta is most firmly 
 adherent at this time. 
 
 Another reason why abortion is more dangerous than labor 
 at full term is that it is contrary to nature; and there are many 
 ways, impossible to describe, in which the patient may suffer 
 from some form of weakness or disease as a result of it. This is 
 especially true in cases where abortion occurs more than once. 
 
 To Prevent Abortion. — In case of threatened abortion the 
 patient should lie down and remain absolutely quiet. The foot of 
 the bed should be raised and placed on two chairs, and j£ grain 
 of Morphine should be given with a hypodermic needle. Visitors 
 should be kept out of the room, and all excitement avoided. 
 These cases need the services of a physician. If a case has pro- 
 gressed too far, or if the membranes have been ruptured, delivery 
 cannot be prevented. There are other means of treatment recom- 
 mended, but we have always adopted this plan with a reason- 
 able degree of success. 
 
 When Should Abortion, or Premature Labor, Be Pro- 
 duced. — When the pelvis is so deformed that a full grown child 
 cannot be delivered after the seventh month. At seven months 
 the child may live. When the pelvis is deformed, some recom- 
 mend allowing the case to go to full term, and then open the 
 abdominal cavity and the uterus, remove the child and close up 
 the wound. This is called Ccssarian section or Ccesatian operation, 
 so-called because it is said Julius Caesar was thus delivered. Pre- 
 mature labor is also advised by some in case of tumor growths in 
 the abdominal cavity; when the kidneys become diseased and the 
 
424 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 urine contains a large amount of albumen; and when there is 
 what is called placenta prcsvia y that is, where the placenta, or 
 after-birth, grows directly over the opening into the uterus, 
 and this condition is followed, after the sixth or seventh mcnth, 
 with frequent profuse and dangerous hemorrhages; also advised 
 in some cases of Puerperal Convulsions occurring before time for 
 normal labor. 
 
 PLACENTA PREVIA.— Placenta Previa means that 
 the placenta, or a r ^er-birth, grows more or less directly over the 
 opening in the lower part of the uterus. Normally, it grows 
 near the top. In Placenta Previa there is usually more or less 
 frequent and profuse hemorrhage after the sixth or seventh 
 month; sometimes it occurs earlier. The later hemorrhage 
 makes its appearance, the more favorable the case. Placenta 
 PrcEvia does not often occur. Some authorities claim that the 
 percentage is one to one thousand. Others claim that the per- 
 centage is even less. 
 
 Cause. — The placenta, being placed over the lower and 
 smaller part of the uterus, it follows that, as the organ dilates to 
 accommodate the growth of the child, and more especially since 
 the growth of the placenta and enlargement of the uterus are 
 unequal, the placenta is occasionally torn loose at some point; 
 hence the hemorrhage. Placenta Previa is always considered a 
 serious condition, because the uterus dilates with the approach 
 of labor and the placenta is torn loose, as described. Hereto- 
 fore the uterus has expanded or enlarged gradually, but now it 
 dilates rapidly and the torn vessels are left wide open. As the 
 blood is pouring from these, others are being constantly rup- 
 tured, and the condition continues to grow worse until dilatation 
 is complete; and even then the placenta is in the way of the 
 child because it is below and the child is above. 
 
 Symptoms. — Hemorrhage, more or less profuse, which may 
 occur at any time, day or night. The hemorrhage differs from 
 that in threatened abortion from the fact that there is no pain 
 present. The pain produced in threatened abortion is due to 
 contractions of the uterus; in hemorrhage from Placenta Previa 
 there is no contraction. The hemorrhage is due to separation of 
 the placenta, as stated above. 
 
 While hemorrhage is a symptom of Placenta Prtzvia, it does 
 not necessarily follow that this condition is present, and espe- 
 cially if the hemorrhage occurs at what would have been the 
 time for the regular monthly period. There are cases where the 
 regular monthly flow occurs with more or less regularity during 
 Ihe whole course of pregnancy. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 425 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In a case of labor with Placenta Pr&via, it is usually neces- 
 sary to deliver the child as rapidly as possible. It is expected 
 that there will be a good deal of hemorrhage, and the hope of a 
 successful termination lies in the rapid delivery followed by con- 
 traction of the uterus. The contraction closes the torn vessels 
 and checks the hemorrhage. It is necessary to separate the 
 placenta forcibly and rapidly. This must be done by mechanical 
 means. If the head of the child is presenting, apply the forceps 
 and deliver at once; or a foot may be grasped by the hand and 
 delivered without delay. In these cases dilating the lower part 
 of the uterus is sometimes difficult, because, following the growth 
 of the after-birth at this point, the uterus has become thickened 
 and rigid and dilates with difficulty. It is needless to say that 
 these cases require a doctor from the first. The doctor should 
 be composed and deliberate, and at the same time energetic and 
 thorough. Having his mind made up regarding the dangers of 
 the case, he should proceed with energy and determination. 
 Cases of Placenta Prcsvia are reported where no hemorrhage 
 occurs, not even during labor. If hemorrhage occurs early and 
 is profuse and persistent, an abortion is sometimes recommended. 
 
 LABOR. — Labor is the process whereby the child and its 
 placental attachments are expelled from the uterus. What 
 is called the first stage of labor consists of dilatation of the 
 opening into the uterus. The second stage consists of the 
 expulsion of the child, and the third stage, the expulsion of the 
 placenta, or after-birth, and the contraction of the uterus. The 
 first and second stages are largely theoretical. In the great 
 majority of cases perhaps the attending physician does not know 
 when one ceases and the other begins. In any event such 
 division is unimportant and possesses no value whatever. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first indications of approaching labor are said 
 to occur about two weeks before it actually begins. At this time 
 the uterus is said to change its position by settling lower down in 
 the pelvic cavity. This is said to afford great relief from 
 previous annoyances, and that walking, breathing, etc. , become 
 easier. While the change in position probably occurs, as stated, 
 it is our experience that such change is seldom noticed by the 
 prospective mother. 
 
 The pains are caused by the contraction of the uterus. At 
 first the organ is unaided in its efforts, but later the muscles of 
 the abdominal wall are brought into action and undoubtedly aid 
 materially in the delivery. Sometimes light pains, and even 
 those that are quite severe, occur with considerable regularity at 
 times for several days before labor actually begins; sometimes 
 
426 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 they do not. Usually light pains are present more or less for 
 perhaps twenty- four hours before actual labor commences. When 
 the time comes that Nature has designed for the uterus to free 
 itself, or for the child to be born, the pains become more regular 
 and severe. At first they may vary from one-half hour to 
 twenty minutes apart, and last perhaps for one-half to one minute. 
 Gradually they become longer, harder and more frequent. 
 
 During what is called the second stage the ' ' bearing down ' ' 
 pains occur. During this time the patient is conscious of an 
 effort to expel the child from the uterus, and unconsciously 
 summons to her aid all her strength. This is generally satis- 
 fying from the belief that she is going to succeed. The pains 
 may be most severe in the back, in front, or may seem to be 
 confined largely to the uterus. Sometimes even during the most 
 severe part of the trial the patient will suddenly ask for a drink 
 or something to eat. Such requests should always be granted. 
 
 In most cases, under proper management, severe pains do not 
 continue for more than one or two hours before the child is born. 
 As soon as this event occurs and the child is found to be alive 
 and normal in appearance, the cord should be tied with a strong 
 thread about 2^ inches from the abdomen of the child. It 
 should be tied a second time about 1 inch further distant, and cut 
 between the knots with a pair of sharp scissors. The child 
 should then be wrapped in a warm flannel blanket and placed in 
 another room that has been well warmed and ventilated. 
 
 After the event is over the mother experiences a great sense 
 of relief, and sometimes desires to be let alone for a short time. 
 In other cases there is no particular wish or desire. After 
 waiting about twenty minutes, if the after-birth is not expelled 
 and there are no pains indicating that it is going to be expelled, 
 gentle manipulation should be made over the uterus, which can 
 be plainly outlined. One hand, or better, perhaps, both hands, 
 may make gradual and uniform pressure upon the organ. In a 
 short time, usually a few minutes, this will stimulate further 
 contraction with the result that the after-birth will be separated 
 from the inner surface of the uterus and can be easily removed. 
 The cord should not be used as a means of delivering the after- 
 birth, and only slight traction should be made upon it. It is 
 probably always safe to exert a force equal to lifting a one- 
 pound weight. Following the expulsion of the after-birth, the 
 manipulations of the uterus should be continued until it contracts 
 to a reasonable size — perhaps the size of a cocoanut. Such 
 manipulation not only eliminates the placenta, but also aids in 
 eliminating any detached parts, blood clots, etc. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 427 
 
 Reducing the size of the uterus not only prevents hemor- 
 rhage, but renders the organ natural and places the mother 
 beyond possible danger. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In our experience with labor cases we have never given any 
 particular attention to rules or theories of any kind. In caring 
 for a large number of cases we have, with two exceptions, never 
 spent more than two or three hours with any single case, and 
 usually a much shorter time. We have never used the forceps — 
 never have had occasion to do so. The following is our method 
 of procedure : 
 
 First, instruct the nurse to give a rectal injection and secure 
 thorough action of the bowels. Also give a vaginal douche of 
 warm water, containing a little Boric Acid. Next, by careful 
 manipulation gradually dilate the opening into the uterus. This 
 effort stimulates uterine contractions, usually within a few minutes, 
 and the contractions aid in dilation. The child and more or less 
 water are contained in a membrane forming a sac. The water is 
 more freely movable than the child, hence with each contraction 
 of the uterus the water is forced against the opening, rendering 
 the membrane tense at that point. The membrane with its 
 contained water produces pressure from within, which not only 
 aids in dilating the uterus, but, the pressure being uniform, 
 insures equal expansion. As soon as the opening is sufficiently 
 large, rupture the membrane, allowing the water to escape. 
 The way being clear and the contractions strong and active as a 
 result of the foregoing, delivery follows rapidly. 
 
 We understand that the claim might be made that such 
 rapid delivery is dangerous because of its liability to rupture 
 the external parts. However, in our experience rupture has 
 occurred only two or three times, and then it was slight. When 
 rupture occurs it should be repaired at once. 
 
 There are, of course, cases where, as a result of some 
 deformity, abnormal presentation or other cause, this or any 
 other method of managing a case might prove disastrous. 
 
 Note on Ergot. — We are aware that many physicians use 
 Krgot in confinement cases, but we have never had a case where 
 we thought it necessary to use this remedy. True, it may aid in 
 the contraction of the uterus after the child is born, but if the 
 organ has been freed from all parts of the after-birth, it will 
 contract without it ; if it has not been so freed, it will not and 
 should not close. Ergot may contract the circular fibers about 
 the lower end or neck of the uterus and thus prevent proper 
 drainage of blood clots or any remnants of the after- birth, and 
 prove a most dangerous remedy. 
 
428 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 We were early taught to believe that Ergot was not only an 
 important, but in many cases a necessary remedy in labor, but 
 after a careful survey of the field and gathering all the informa- 
 tion we could on the subject, we became convinced that it did 
 more harm than good. By a study of its history we have been 
 able to trace many cases of Child- Bed Fever to the use of Krgot; 
 at least we were unable to detect any other cause. Certain it is 
 that this trouble results oftenest in those cases where Krgot is 
 used. 
 
 Caution. — Too much cannot be said regarding careful 
 attention to physical exercise following confinement. Several 
 weeks — perhaps two months — are required for the uterus to 
 regain its normal size and function. Perhaps one of the greatest 
 reasons for chronic enlargement of the uterus, accompanied with 
 the many associate symptoms and conditions, is the direct result 
 of getting up too soon, or more especially of resuming active 
 duties before the physical strength is able to meet the demands 
 of such duties. This is more apt to be the case following 
 abortion, because with many abortions are looked upon with less 
 consideration of their importance; in fact, we have known many 
 cases where, following abortion, the patient was up and in the 
 discharge of her routine duties in a few days. This is contrary 
 to all physical law, and those indulging in such practice are sure 
 to bring on derangement and disease. 
 
 FLOODING. — By flooding is meant hemorrhage from the 
 uterus. 
 
 Causes. — More or less hemorrhage may result from a polypus 
 (see Tumors). Hemorrhage may result from Cancer, especially 
 during the late stages. It more frequently results from Abortion 
 (see Abortion), from Place?ita Prcsvia as explained under that 
 head, or from failure of the uterus to contract after delivery of 
 the child, as explained under Labor. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Place the patient on a 
 bed, laying her on her back. Use no pillows under her head nor 
 anything to raise it. Raise the foot of the bed by placing blocks, 
 or something of the kind, under it. Get the doctor as quickly 
 as possible. Have hot water on hand when he arrives. 
 
 A. Following Confinement. — Where there is dangerous hemor- 
 rhage following delivery, it may be almost instantly checked by 
 making pressure on the abdominal aorta. It will be remembered 
 that this is the large artery which comes from the heart. It 
 passes down through the chest and abdominal cavities to about 
 three-quarters of an inch below the umbilicus, or navel, and there 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 429 
 
 divides into two branches. Pressure should be made just at or a 
 little above the point of division. In many cases, by maintaining firm 
 pressure at the point indicated for some time, the hemorrhage 
 will not return. 
 
 Another means of treating hemorrhage is by giving yj^ or T V 
 of a grain of Atropine with a hypodermic needle. As stated many 
 times before, this dilates the small vessels all over the body and 
 allows the blood to drain away from any congested part. Mechan- 
 ical pressure may be made, as stated, while the Atropine is being 
 prepared, administered and taking effect. However, all this 
 requires but a short time. 
 
 Washing out the uterus with hot vinegar, packing it with 
 ice, crowding tampons against the lower end of it and other 
 methods are advised; but we have always used the first named, 
 and have succeeded so well that we feel safest in recommend- 
 ing that treatment. In all cases it is well to raise the foot of the 
 bed, placing the posts on two chairs. 
 
 B. When following confinement, administer one or two 
 ounces of strong vinegar. Knead womb till contraction occurs 
 and send for a doctor, keeping a firm hold on womb in the mean- 
 time. Raise foot of bed a foot or two. — (60). 
 
 C. Give hot salt water injections (tablespoonful of salt to 
 quart of water) as hot as can be borne by the patient. Use large 
 quantity. Repeat if the hemorrhage returns. Give patient 
 Cinnamon tea to drink. Raise foot of bed to give the body 
 slope towards the head. These means will control nearly every 
 case by the time of arrival of the physician. — (15). 
 
 CHILD -BED FEVER— PUERPERAL FEVER— 
 SEPTICEMIA. — Cause. — This is caused by the retention and 
 decomposition of the after-birth, or fragments of it, following labor. 
 The poisons produced by the decomposing remains are absorbed 
 into the circulation, and Septicemia, or Blood Poisoning, follows. 
 When it occurs, it usually makes its appearance from two to 
 four days after confinement. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is a sense of chilliness or a severe chill, 
 and high temperature, which develops rapidly and may increase to 
 105 or 106, or even higher. The pulse ranges from 130 to 160. 
 At first the face is flushed. There is no pain and the mind is 
 clear. Among the early symptoms are soreness of the uterus 
 and fetid odor produced by the discharges. I^ater the discharge 
 is diminished and the secretions of the breasts are lessened. 
 
 The uterus is partially covered with the peritoneum that 
 lines the abdominal cavity, hence peritonitis may follow. In this 
 
430 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 case the temperature would be slight, and might even be sub- 
 normal, though the pulse would be rapid. The abdomen would 
 be more or less distended. Pain would be slight. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 First, clean out the uterus by mechanical means. Be sure 
 that all placental remains and blood clots are removed, then 
 wash out the organ with 2 quarts of warm water. Twenty or 
 30 drops of Carbolic Acid may be added to the water, or 3 or 4 
 drachms of Boric Acid. Repeat the douche in five or six hours; 
 after this, perhaps once a day for a few days, although this part 
 of the treatment should be governed by the temperature and by 
 the odor of the eliminations. 
 
 The foregoing is the all- important method in treating cases 
 of this kind. Drug medication is absolutely without avail so 
 long as the poisons contained in the uterus are being absorbed 
 into the system. The bowels should be kept active, the most 
 nourishing food should be given, and every attention paid to free 
 ventilation. Stimulants and tonics should be given if needed. 
 
 PUERPERAL CONVULSIONS.— This is a form of 
 convulsions that occurs before, during or after labor. In appear- 
 ance the convulsions sometimes resemble epilepsy. While they 
 are the result of ursemic poisoning, they differ from ursemic con- 
 vulsions at other times, and especially if occurring during labor, 
 the time they most frequently occur. In uraemic convulsions 
 occurring at other times, the temperature is below normal; 
 occurring during labor, there is fever, and the convulsions may 
 follow each other in rapid succession; or the first one may prove 
 fatal, the patient never regaining consciousness. 
 
 Cause. — The cause is the retention in the system of urea 
 and other waste products usually eliminated by the kidneys. 
 Mechanical interference from the enlarged uterus pressing upon 
 the kidneys produces irritation and prevents their normal action 
 with the result that they fail to eliminate the usual amount of 
 waste material, and urea gradually accumulates in the system 
 until convulsions occur. 
 
 Symptoms. — If the urine of a suspected patient was exam- 
 ined, albumen would be found present before there was any 
 danger of convulsions. As a rule such examination is not made, 
 and the first symptom of the trouble is the first convulsion or 
 spasm. The body becomes rigid, the face blue, the eyes roll up 
 in the head, there may be spasmodic twitching of the muscles of 
 the face and hands, giving a ghastly appearance, and altogether 
 death seems imminent. Or, the convulsions may come on gradu- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 431 
 
 ally. There may be a gradually increasing nervousness, accom- 
 panied with spasmodic twitching of individual muscles, until 
 suddenly the whole body is seized in one convulsive grasp. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The only hope in these cases is elimination. The poison 
 must be eliminated rapidly or death may result. 
 
 These cases require the services of a physician from the first. 
 Temporary relief should be given by the inhalation of Chloro- 
 form. If labor has not terminated, it should be aided by mechan- 
 ical interference and the child delivered as soon as possible. To 
 control the convulsions any one of the following methods is 
 recommended, and should be applied immediately after delivery, 
 or sooner if the convulsions return. 
 
 Give *A grain of Morphine with a hypodermic needle, and 
 in thirty minutes give % grain additional, if needed ; or, give ^ 
 grain of Veratrine in the same manner; or, give 40 grains of 
 Chloral by the stomach, largely diluted. The Chloral may be 
 repeated in one hour, if needed, or, if some improvement is 
 noticed, % the amount — 20 grains additional — may be given. 
 
 Some claim to control convulsions best by bleeding. This 
 also aids in eliminating poison. At least one pint of blood should 
 be taken. This treatment is justifiable in the strong and robust, 
 but not in the weak and anaemic. It is understood, of course, 
 that if bleeding is resorted to the Morphine, Veratrine or Chloral 
 will not be given. 
 
 As a means of elimination, give Yz grain of Pilocarpine with 
 a hypodermic needle. Pilocarpine will produce profuse sweat- 
 ing, and is one of the most rapid means of elimination. This dose 
 of Pilocarpine is depressing, however, and, if used, stimulants 
 should be added — Digitalis, or hot sling, or other suitable or con- 
 venient stimulant. The sling will aid in sweating, the Digitalis 
 will aid in elimination by the kidneys; either will stimulate the 
 heart. Perhaps both may be needed. 
 
 As an active cathartic, give 3 drops of Croton Oil in a little 
 Glycerine or water, and place on the back of the tongue; or give 
 from -J- to J grain of Klaterium. If these are not at hand, give a 
 large dose of Castor Oil, or 20 grains of compound Jalap powder, 
 or 20 grains of Scammony. Give rectal injections of hot soapy 
 water to hasten the action of the bowels. 
 
 MILK LEG. — In this disease the leg becomes swollen and 
 light in color, and the flesh is firm and resistant to the touch. 
 
 Cause. — It oftenest follows pregnancy, and is caused by the 
 enlarged uterus pressing upon the veins and checking the return 
 circulation. The trouble usually commences about ten days or 
 two weeks after confinement. 
 
432 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — First, irregular chills, and malaise, meaning 
 general bad feeling. This is followed by pain in the affected leg, 
 and perhaps in the abdomen. The chills become more distinct. 
 The limb begins to swell and there is fever, which is first remit- 
 tent and later, intermittent. The limb becomes greatly swollen 
 and the skin is hot, white and tense. Later the veins feel like 
 cords beneath the finger, and an abscess may form in the course 
 of a vein. The swelling is confined mostly to the layer of con- 
 nective tissue just beneath the skin, hence the abscess would be 
 near the surface and would break externally. The swelling may 
 be so severe that gangrene results. This would cause Septicemia, 
 or blood poisoning. Or blood clots may form and be converted 
 into pus. The effects of these clots would be carried away by 
 the circulation, and this would result in Pyemia, meaning pus in 
 the blood. Recovery is slow and tedious, and the affected limb 
 remains weak for some time. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The patient should lie in bed and keep the limb elevated. 
 Keep the bowels active. Apply Mercurial ointment and cover 
 with a light bandage. This application should be repeated every 
 second or third day. Internally, give i-drop doses of Tincture 
 of Aconite or Fluid Extract of Veratrum every hour until the 
 temperature is lower. Sustain the patient with a nourishing 
 diet. Give stimulants and tonics as needed. After there is 
 improvement, give some form of Iodine — Syrup of Hydriodic 
 Acid, Iodide of Ammonia, Iodide of Arsenic, or some other prep- 
 aration. This will need to be continued for some time — weeks, 
 and perhaps months — in order to free the system of the products 
 of inflammation. Such a case requires the attention of a doctor. 
 Give Seidlitz Salts freely from the first. 
 
 DISEASES OF BREASTS. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF — ABSCESS OF — MILK 
 FEVER— "BROKEN BREASTS."— The mammary glands 
 for the secretion of milk in the breasts consist of ducts, ten or 
 twelve in number each, called lactiferous, meaning milk-bearing. 
 These ducts terminate externally at the nipple ; internally, they 
 branch into minute tubes like the roots of a tree. After delivery 
 the increased nutrition that Nature had previously secreted in the 
 uterus is diverted to the mammary glands for the sustenance of 
 the child. 
 
 Cause. — If it happens that there is an excess of secretion 
 in the breasts, the milk tubes become choked and distended 
 with it. This may result in an inflammation of the glands, and 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 433 
 
 in some cases the patient is subject to a sharp febrile attack, 
 called Milk Fever. Inflammation may also result from checking 
 the flow of the milk too early, from exposure, from mental dis- 
 turbance, as worry, fright or undue excitement ; also from 
 external injury or pressure from too tight clothing. 
 
 Symptoms. — Severe local pain, increased by pressure, is 
 caused by the inflammation, and upon examination there will 
 usually be discovered a hard swelling. The tendency is towards 
 suppuration, the fever increasing with the formation of the 
 Abscess. If the abscess breaks, the condition is spoken of as 
 " Broken Breast." 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 A. While hot poultices or heat in some form is most excel- 
 lent treatment, always safe and the method usually employed, 
 cold is also valuable if applied early. The first real evidence of 
 inflammation of the breast is the presence of one or more small 
 hard lumps. If a thin sack of ice is laid over the breast at this 
 time and kept there, it will prove very effectual; in fact, applied 
 early, it is the ideal treatment. There need be no fear about 
 taking cold. Of course, the patient may catch an ordinary cold 
 at this particular time, but she will not do so any more readily 
 because of the ice pack over the breast. A laxative should be 
 given early. — (82). 
 
 Note. - Where there is evidence of inflammation of the breast and poul- 
 ticing is decided upon, the applications must be thorough. Gradually 
 increase the heat as long as can be borne. The poultices must be changed 
 often, depending upon the size — once in five or ten minutes. This work 
 requires the undivided attention of an intelligent nurse. 
 
 If the case is seen early, the application of an ice bag, as recommended, 
 will give most satisfactory results. 
 
 B. Sometimes the child does not take all the milk, in which 
 case inflammation may result, and, frequently, an abscess. Use 
 a breast pump. As soon as the milk is drawn, relief follows. If 
 an abscess forms, treat as described under Abscesses. 
 
 C. Efficient support by bandage passing over opposite shoul- 
 der. Moist heat applied by poultices or by large pancakes with a 
 central hole for the nipple. Free opening and drainage in case 
 of suppuration. — (60) . 
 
 D. Apply a breast binder that will hold up breasts. Heal 
 sore nipples as rapidly as possible. If they show signs of 
 gathering, apply hot poultices all over the breast, except the 
 nipple. If an abscess forms, open at once. — (13). 
 
 NIPPLES. — The nipples during nursing are subject to 
 excoriation, or cracking, making them extremely tender and 
 causing much pain when the infant is nursing. These excoria- 
 
 28 
 
434 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 tions are obstinate to heal from the fact that they are constantly- 
 irritated, both by the clothing and by the action of the child in 
 nursing. It sometimes occurs that the excoriations become 
 ulcers if great care is not taken to protect the tender part. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Where the ' ' cracks ' ' occur, there is always some 
 swelling or distension, however slight — the cells constituting the 
 outer layer of the skin do not protect the deeper layer or true 
 skin, and it is the exposure of this true skin to the atmosphere 
 that causes burning and smarting. In a word, this constitutes 
 sore nipples. All that is needed is some unirritating substance 
 to cover over until a new layer of cells has time to form. Sub- 
 nitrate of Bismuth made into a paste with water is one of the 
 best remedies that can be applied to these painful conditions. 
 It is non-irritating, protects the deeper layer or true skin, and 
 gives opportunity for the natural protection to form, i. e. t the 
 new layer of cells. The Bismuth is not only harmless to the 
 child, but it is a benefit to the mucous membrane of the mouth, 
 offering the same protection here that it does to the nipples. 
 Another advantage in using Bismuth is that it has no taste. 
 
 B. In all cases of sore nipples the child's mouth should be 
 washed several times a day with pure water, or, what is better, 
 2 ounces of water containing x /i drachm of Boric Acid. Dust 
 the irritated parts with Sub nitrate of Bismuth. — (82). 
 
 C. Tablespoon heaping full of Catnip (use leaves and 
 small sprigs only) and sweet cream enough to make paste. Mix 
 and simmer for a day, then strain close and stir till cool. After 
 nursing wash nipples with Castile soap and warm rain water and 
 apply paste. — (14). 
 
 D. Wash nipples with Borax water after each nursing, then 
 cover them with Zinc Ointment and protect with soft cotton till 
 next nursing time. If this makes them hard or cracks them, use 
 Cosmoline or fresh mutton tallow every other time. Cleanse 
 before nursing. Let babe nurse only every three hours, and only 
 one breast at a time. If not better soon, get nipple shield for 
 babe to nurse through. — (13). 
 
 E. Tannic Acid 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and apply locally every two to four 
 hours. — (46). 
 
 BREASTS OF INFANTS, MILK IN.-^Shortly after 
 birth a secretion of milk-like fluid sometimes takes place in the 
 breasts of infants of either sex. This occasions some inflam- 
 mation and swelling, but it is a normal condition and does not 
 require attention. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 435 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Let them alone absolutely. Avoid all rubbing, or any 
 kind of application. Above all, do not allow any one to squeeze 
 out the milk. They will give no trouble if let alone.— (13). 
 
 B. I^et them alone. If swelled, hot or inflamed, apply a 
 snug-fitting bandage of adhesive plaster. — (7). 
 
 DISEASES OP THE WOMB. 
 
 The uterus is subject to disease the same as other structures. 
 Inflammation, tumor or cancer may attack this organ. Inflam- 
 mation, which may be due to displacement or to other cause, is 
 the most frequent affection. The treatment of any of these condi- 
 tions cannot be successfully applied except by a physician. 
 
 Retroflexion. 
 
 Retroversion. 
 
 Prolapse. 
 
 Inversion. 
 
 CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM DISPLACEMENT. 
 
 The uterus is flexed or bent at a sharp 
 angle. 
 
 The uterus is slightly bent out of its 
 natural position, usually backward. 
 
 When the uterus is not maintained in 
 
 its normal position, but is allowed to sink 
 
 h lower- in the pelvic cavity by reason of 
 
 weak ligaments ; or when the organ is 
 
 enlarged and sinks from its own weight. 
 
 As the name implies, the uterus is 
 turned wrong side out. The inversion 
 may be partial or complete. Inversion 
 rarely occurs. 
 
 Subinvolution. 
 
 When the organ fails to contract to its 
 natural size after labor, but remains large 
 and contains much blood. 
 
 Erosion. 
 
 Hypertrophy or 
 
 Hyperplasia. 
 
 Atrophy. 
 
 CONDITIONS RESULTING FROM INFLAMMATION. 
 
 Inflammation and ulceration of the 
 neck of the uterus. 
 
 This is an increase in the size of the 
 uterus. 
 
 This is a decrease in the tissue of the 
 uterus. 
 
436 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TUMORS. 
 (Tumors are named according to their location). 
 
 Intramural $ Developed within the substance of the 
 
 ( uterus. 
 
 Polypus I ^ tumor commencing just beneath the 
 
 ' { mucous membrane which lines the utei us. 
 
 Subserous. «{ Just beneath the outer surface. 
 
 displacements. 
 
 The uterus is about 3 inches long, 2 inches wide and 
 1 inch thick. It is shaped like a pear slightly flattened, with 
 rather prominent rounded corners on either side toward the 
 larger end. It is placed about the center of the pelvic cavity, 
 and its natural position is nearly vertical, with the large end up. 
 The lower or smaller end, called the neck, rests within the vagina, 
 which aids in giving support. 
 
 The abdominal cavity is lined with a thin membrane called 
 the peritoneum, which has been mentioned before. The uterus 
 is placed below the peritoneum, yet its upper part is covered by 
 this membrane. Stand a pear on a table with its large end up, 
 cover with a handkerchief and allow the handkerchief to drop 
 around the sides of the pear and its lower borders to extend 
 outward over the surface of the table, and it will represent the 
 peritoneal covering of the uterus. At the sides, front and back, 
 the peritoneum is thrown into folds. These folds include fibers 
 of the surrounding connective tissue, also muscle fibers, which 
 are continuous from the uterus. One end of the folds is attached 
 to the uterus, and the other end to the sides, front and back of 
 the pelvic cavity, and constitute the ligaments which support the 
 uterus. It will be seen that the support is not rigid and that the 
 uterus is subject to considerable free movement. For instance, 
 in lifting or straining the uterus would be pressed downward; 
 when such pressure ceases, it would resume its natural position. 
 It may also be displaced backward by a full bladder. Such dis- 
 placement is perfectly natural, causes no trouble and does not 
 indicate disease. The displacements that do cause trouble and 
 that indicate disease are Retroflexion, Retroversion, Prolapse and 
 Inversion. 
 
 RETROFLEXION.— When the upper end of the uterus 
 is bent over backwards and the bend forms an angle at the 
 junction and neck of the uterus, which corresponds to the body 
 and neck of the pear, it is called Retroflexion. In this case the 
 uterus is also rotated more or less on its long axis, so that while 
 the upper and larger end is bent backward, the lower end 
 projects forward. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 437 
 
 Cause.— In most cases it is the result of a large uterus — one 
 that did not contract properly after labor, or of getting up too 
 early while it was still large — before the uterus had had time to 
 contract. In such cases the ligaments mentioned are not able to 
 give the support needed. Another cause is laceration of the 
 lower end of the uterus during labor. The result is more 
 or less enlargement, and this causes a relaxed condition of the 
 ligaments. It may also be influenced by constipation or by tight 
 lacing. It may be due to a generally relaxed condition 
 where the body is poorly nourished. Sometimes the displace- 
 ment is sudden, and is brought on by jumping out of a buggy, 
 stepping down out of a chair, or sudden lifting or straining; but, 
 of course, the conditions allowing such displacement existed 
 before. 
 
 Symptoms. — When occurring suddenly, there is a sharp 
 pain, which extends to the back. There is an irritable bladder 
 and general bad feeling, and the patient feels that there is some- 
 thing wrong, but does not know what is the matter. When 
 coming on more slowly, and in a chronic form, there is the same 
 general bad feeling and sense of weight, dragging pain, pain in 
 the back, headache and other symptoms given under the head of 
 Inflammation of the Uterus. 
 
 Treatment. - 
 
 First of all, the organ must be replaced and maintained in 
 its natural position. This requires the services of the doctor. 
 The organ must be supported by tampons. If there is much 
 inflammation and pain, this should be treated first and the organ 
 replaced later. L,arge hot vaginal douches should be used twice 
 a day. Saline laxatives, in the form of Seidlitz Salts or some 
 other remedy of a like nature, should be given. The patient 
 should avoid heavy work, lifting, straining, or anything that 
 tends to bear down on the uterus. These cases generally need 
 nourishing diet and attention to the general health to overcome 
 the relaxed condition of the tissues. 
 
 RETROVERSION. — Retroversion differs from Retro- 
 flexion only in being a lesser displacement. There is no strictly 
 dividing line between them. The symptoms correspond to the 
 extent of the trouble. Undoubtedly retroversion occurs more 
 frequently than other forms of displacement. It cannot be 
 otherwise, because retroflexion, or any other serious displace- 
 ment, must necessarily follow a milder condition. There are 
 probably many cases of retroversion, or slight displacement, 
 that pass unnoticed. When the condition becomes more serious, 
 an examination reveals the true state. 
 
438 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 PROLAPSE. — When the uterus is not maintained in its 
 normal position, but is allowed to sink lower in the pelvic cavity 
 by reason of weak ligaments, it is called Prolapse. The prolapse 
 may be partial or complete. When complete, the uterus is 
 entirely expelled. This condition is called Procidentia. 
 
 Cause. — The cause of prolapse is a large uterus and weak- 
 ness of the ligaments. Weak ligaments may be the result of 
 hard work, general debility, being too much on the feet, of 
 disease or injury, or may follow labor where the patient has not 
 made a complete recovery and where the uterus has remained 
 large and heavy. This is called Subinvolution. Perhaps this is 
 the most frequent cause. Prolapse may also be due to the 
 increased weight caused by tumors. It is sometimes met in old 
 women, being the result of a general relaxation of the system. 
 Procidentia is caused by an exaggeration of the conditions named. 
 
 Symptoms. — A sense of weight and pain in the pelvic cavity. 
 Oftentimes the pain produces a dragging sensation, and there is a 
 tired, worn-out feeling, a lack of ambition, pain in the back, 
 headache, and other symptoms given under the various displace- 
 ments, also those given under the head of Subinvolution. The 
 symptoms vary according to the extent of the displacement. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 First, the patient should remain in bed. Take a hot douche 
 twice a day while lying on the back, using two or three quarts 
 of hot water each time. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid in the 
 water each time. Support the uterus with tampons. If the 
 organ is large, give % teaspoonful of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus 
 four times a day. The bowels should be kept active, and daily 
 baths should be given, followed by brisk rubbing, which should 
 be continued until the surface is a bright red. Keeping the bowels 
 active and the blood well brought out to the surface aids largely 
 in equalizing the circulation, and thus in relieving the conges- 
 tion, also inflammation if it is present. Attention should be 
 given to food, ventilation, hygienic surroundings, etc. 
 
 INVERSION. — Inversion is the term applied where the 
 uterus is turned wrong side out. This may be partial or 
 complete. 
 
 Cause. — The uterus is large, and there is relaxation or a 
 failure to contract at some particular point. The portion first 
 involved is usually at the highest point of the organ. It may 
 be caused by the pulling of the cord in the efforts to remove the 
 after-birth; it may be caused by a short cord, where, following 
 delivery of the child, the body of the uterus would be drawn 
 inward. It may be caused by an adherent placenta <or after- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 439 
 
 birth. This may remain firmly attached at some point, and the 
 efforts to remove it may cause the infolding of the uterus. As 
 soon as the uterus begins to fold inward, the rest of the organ 
 contracts upon this portion and tries to expel it, the same as it 
 would a polypus, a blood clot, or any other foreign body. 
 
 Symptoms* — The first symptom is a sharp, sudden pain, 
 followed by more or less hemorrhage and a dragging sensation. 
 If the infolding is slight, the symptoms will be slight. L,ater 
 there is a discharge of mucus and pus, or pus and blood. The 
 organ remains large. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is mechanical. Give hot douches. Support 
 the organ with tampons. The patient should remain in bed. 
 Attention should be given to the bowels, also to the bladder, as 
 spasm of this organ might follow. If inversion is complete, the 
 uterus would appear externally. In this case grasp the organ 
 with the hand, make firm pressure with a view of lessening its 
 size, and try to replace it. If this is impossible, some recom- 
 mend waiting a month or more and then renewing the attempt; 
 others advocate removing the organ at once. If replacement is 
 impossible, we advise the latter. 
 
 SUBINVOLUTION.— This is the condition where the 
 organ fails to contract to its natural size after labor — where it 
 remains large and contains too much blood. 
 
 Cause. — It may be caused by retained parts of the after-birth, 
 by a lack of muscular power, or by temporary paralysis due 
 to distension and pressure. The cause may be general weak- 
 ness or exhaustion, or may be the result of fright where the 
 patient has been left alone during confinement. The last would 
 produce a paralyzing effect upon the nervous system. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms may be hemorrhage, more or less 
 frequent and increased at the menstrual period. Examination 
 shows the uterus to be abnormal in size. There is pain in the back, 
 headache, and there may be palpitation of the heart and many other 
 nervous symptoms. Constipation may be present, also more or 
 less bloating of the abdominal cavity. There is a sense of weight 
 in the pelvic cavity, which is made worse by the patient's being 
 on her feet and trying to do active work. Following such 
 efforts the symptoms mentioned will be increased until the 
 patient may develop a seemingly unreasonable nervousness. 
 Should the trouble become chronic, it may lead to Hypertrophy, 
 or overgrowth. 
 
440 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In this condition rest is of the first importance. The patient 
 should lie down several hours each day, and should not attempt 
 any active physical exercise or hard work; although light exer- 
 cise or light work, not carried to the point of fatigue, would occupy 
 the mind and doubtless be of advantage. Vaginal injections of 
 hot water should be administered twice a day — night and morn- 
 ing — using at least 2 quarts of water each time — 4 quarts would 
 be still better. Internally take j4 teaspoonful of the Fluid 
 Extract of Ergot, or the same amount of the Fluid Extract of 
 Hydrastus, four times a day. These cases are usually accom- 
 panied with a general loss of strength, hence the most nourish- 
 ing diet should be secured, and some time should be spent in the 
 open air each day. 
 
 If due to retained parts of the after-birth, see Chiu>Bed 
 Fever. 
 
 INFLAMMATIONS. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE UTERUS.— Cause.— 
 Inflammation of the uterus may be caused by displacement, 
 or may follow labor or abortion where some part of the placental 
 membranes or after-birth is allowed to remain. It may result 
 from unhygienic habits and an unhealthy system. This means 
 unhealthy secretions both in the uterus and along the vaginal 
 tract. The secretions in the vaginal tract coming in contact with 
 the cervix or lower part of the uterus may readily extend into 
 the cavity of that organ and increase the inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation of the lower part of the uterus may follow laceration caused 
 by child-birth. It may also be caused by gonorrheal infection. 
 
 Inflammation is usually confined to the mucous membrane 
 which lines the cavity and is oftenest caused by displacement. 
 In displacement the uterus is bent at a sharp angle. This causes 
 irritation, congestion and inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of acute inflammation are slight. 
 There may be fever, headache, slight nausea, and a feeling of 
 weight and soreness about the organ, which is some what enlarged. 
 If at the menstrual period, menstruation is increased, there is 
 pain in the back, the organ looks swollen and its color is a deep 
 red. The extent of these symptoms depends upon the extent of 
 the inflammation. 
 
 One of the symptoms of chronic inflammation is painful 
 menstruation. Blood clots are often present, and there is a chronic 
 discharge accompanied with pain in the back, headache, disturb- 
 ance of appetite and loss of strength and ambition. In such cases 
 abortion follows pregnancy. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 441 
 
 Treatment — Acute Inflammation. — 
 
 If due to displacement, the organ should be replaced in its 
 natural position. This, together with rest in bed for a few days, 
 is usually all that is necessary in recent cases. 
 
 Treatment — Chronic Inflammation. — 
 
 Mix equal parts of Kurophen and Aristol to a creamy con- 
 sistence with liquid Petroleum. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid 
 in two or three quarts of water and with a fountain syringe 
 thoroughly cleanse the vagina. Next warm and draw a little of 
 the Europhen and Aristol mixture into a long-nozzled rubber 
 syringe, exclude the air, by means of a bivalve speculum pass 
 the nozzle of the syringe into the womb to the highest point, and 
 inject carefully a few drops until the mixture oozes out below. 
 This treatment should be applied every third day. This remedy 
 cures by reason of its antiseptic properties, keeping the 
 uterus clean and healthy. Hot douches morning and night 
 should also be used. Use from 2 to 4 quarts of water as 
 hot as can be borne. Dissolve % ounce of Boric Acid in the 
 amount used for each injection. 
 
 If the inflammation is the result of blood poisoning from 
 retained membranes following labor, thoroughly cleanse the uterus 
 and use the same injection of Boric Acid and hot water. Also 
 give the general treatment under Child-Bed Fever. 
 
 EROSION. — It is stated under the head of Displacements 
 that the lower end of the uterus rests within the upper end of the 
 vagina. The erosion occurs at this point, and the disease affects 
 both the outer surface of the part projecting into the vagina and 
 the mucous membrane which lines the lower part of the cavity. 
 There is a gradual destruction and wearing away of tissue, and 
 at the same time the part is enlarged because it is inflamed and 
 swollen. Iyike all other organs, the uterus is composed of little 
 particles called cells. The cells on the surface are destroyed and 
 cast off so rapidly that the new cells cannot cover it. They are 
 sufficient in number, but do not have time to develop. Also, the 
 mucous membrane lining the uterus, like all other mucous 
 membrane, contains numerous glands. Those occupying the 
 diseased part become swollen and the secretions are greatly 
 increased in quantity; they are also changed and thickened. 
 Sometimes they contain pus, hence are sometimes spoken of as 
 purulent. The mucous membrane becomes so swollen that it 
 may dilate the lower part of the uterus and be exposed, or may 
 roll outward and cover what naturally is a part of the outer 
 surface. An examination reveals the mucous membrane as a 
 red zone, varying in width and surrounding the opening into 
 
442 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS, 
 
 the organ. Some of the glands mentioned may become clogged 
 and, being filled with secretions, they dilate, forming cysts which 
 vary in size. 
 
 Cause. — It may result from unhealthy discharges from the 
 uterus, from unhealthy secretions of the vagina which may extend 
 into the uterus, may result from examination and the passing of 
 instruments, from operations, or from attempts at abortion. The 
 most frequent cause is laceration or tearing of the uterus during 
 labor. 
 
 Symptoms. — An abundant thick, light or yellowish discharge, 
 pain in the uterus and vagina and extending more or less 
 throughout the pelvic cavity, a general bad feeling, a feeling of 
 weight, pains in the back and headache. All of the symptoms 
 are usually made worse by active exercise. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment consists of using a douche of several quarts 
 of hot water twice a day to keep the vaginal tract clean. A 
 little Boric Acid may be dissolved in the water with advantage. 
 The patient should take several hours' rest each day, etc. 
 
 The uterus itself must also receive attention, but such treat- 
 ment can only be applied by a doctor and by means of a 
 speculum. There are several forms of treatment, but the follow- 
 ing method has always proven satisfactory in our experience: 
 
 Tincture Iodine 2 drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract Belladonna . . 1 ' ' 
 
 Glycerine, add to 6 ounces. 
 
 Mix by shaking the bottle. 
 
 First thoroughly clean the lower part of the uterus with dry 
 absorbent cotton wrapped around a small pair of forceps, and 
 afterwards apply the solution by the same means. Pass both the 
 dry cotton swab and that containing the solution up through the 
 neck of the uterus. Afterwards saturate a tampon with the 
 solution, press it up firmly against the uterus, and support it 
 with a dry tampon. This treatment should be repeated every 
 morning, and the tampons removed in the evening. In severe 
 cases the tampons should be applied twice a day. 
 
 The Iodine acts as a disinfectant; the Belladonna relieves 
 spasmodic contraction and allays pain; the Glycerine absorbs the 
 watery part of the blood from the inflamed uterus, the drainage 
 relieving the distension and pressure: and the tampon gives 
 support. 
 
 Where laceration is present, an operation is needed. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 443 
 
 HYPERTROPHY, or HYPERPLASIA.— Enlargement 
 
 of the uterus where the organ fails to contract after labor is 
 described under Subinvolution. In subinvolution the channels, or 
 sinuses, through which the blood flows are dilated, and the organ is 
 swollen and enlarged. Hypertrophy consists of an enlargement of 
 the uterus due to an increased growth of the muscle tissue of which 
 it is formed. The lining mucous membrane is also increased in 
 thickness. There is an increase of growth over waste, the same 
 as the muscles of an arm would increase under certain physical 
 exercise. 
 
 Cause. — The increased growth is due to an increase in nour- 
 ishment or blood supply It may be the result of chronic 
 inflammation, may be influenced by the retention of the menses; 
 or may result from tumor growth in the uterus, or in the pelvic 
 cavity outside the uterus, because the increased blood supply 
 necessary to support a tumor growth so near by would also increase 
 the blood supply to the uterus. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms correspond to the conditions 
 which produce the overgrowth. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment should be directed to the disease or conditions 
 which produce it. 
 
 ATROPHY. — This is a condition the opposite of Hyper- 
 trophy, and indicates a shrinking or decrease in the normal size of 
 the uterus. 
 
 Symptoms. — Those of the conditions which produce it, unless 
 surrounding structures are involved or adhesions form. The first 
 might be followed by some form of chronic inflammation; and the 
 second by a dragging or pulling sensation, with occasional 
 twinges of pain, which become gradually less sharp and frequent 
 and usually disappear altogether. 
 
 Causes. — Wasting diseases, a lack of blood supply or nour- 
 ishment, injuries during pregnancy or child-birth, or following 
 child-bed fever. Any of these conditions may destroy the mucous 
 membrane lining the uterus and portions of the adjoining uterine 
 walls. Destruction of the mucous membrane by curetting 
 (scraping out the inside of the uterus with a sharp instrument) 
 would produce the same results. The use of the cautery, i. e., a 
 hot iron or strong acids which are sometimes used in the treatment 
 of certain diseases, will produce like results. The use of hot irons 
 and caustics cannot be too strongly condemned. The same may 
 be said regarding many cases of curetting. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 See under Hypertrophy above. 
 
444 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TUMORS. 
 
 As stated, among other diseases the uterus is subject to 
 tumors. These are named according to their location. When 
 occurring just beneath the mucous membrane which lines the 
 uterus, they are called submucous; when occurring near or on the 
 surface, and just beneath the peritoneum which covers the 
 uterus, they are called subserous; occurring in the body of the 
 organ, they are called intramural. These tumors are often called 
 fibromas or myo7?ias. Fibroma means hard and fibrous; myoma 
 means a tumor formed in muscle tissue. 
 
 Cause. — The cause has never been given, yet we wish to 
 state what seems to us to be a reasonable cause for these growths. 
 The uterus, like the kidneys and brain, has a blood supply larger 
 in proportion than other organs of the body. The arteries do 
 not continue through the organ as through other structures, but 
 the circulation is carried on through channels or sinuses in the 
 uterine tissue. Whenever there is indigestion, lack of elimination, 
 or disease from any cause, the blood contains irritating waste 
 matter, and it is but reasonable to suppose that the morbid 
 influence of this irritation will produce the greatest effect in 
 those organs receiving the most blood, and more especially when 
 brought into intimate relation with the tissues of the organ, as 
 in the case of the uterus. The irritation is followed by conges- 
 tion, unnoticed at first, but as the congestion increases to inflam- 
 mation, the increased blood supply results in over-production of 
 tissue. This is true of inflammation everywhere. It has been 
 stated that tissue growth following inflammation is confined to 
 the connective tissue framework. This is also true in over- 
 growth in the uterus, and is the reason these tumors are so 
 hard and fibrous. 
 
 Symptoms. — Increased flow at the menstrual period, and 
 enlargement of the organ. Examination shows a hard, lumpy 
 growth. Many of these growths are small and give no symptoms. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 When a tumor is discovered, there should be a lessening of 
 the blood supply of the uterus. For this purpose x / 2 teaspoonful 
 of Fluid Extract of Ergot may be given four times a day, or the 
 same amount of Fluid Extract of Hydrastus. It will be neces- 
 sary to continue these remedies for some time. The patient 
 should also keep as quiet as possible, and should lie down two 
 or three hours every day. Tying one or more of the arteries 
 which supply the uterus has been tried, but without satisfactory 
 results. If the treatment fails and the growth continues, it 
 
DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 445 
 
 should be removed. In this case many advise the removal of the 
 whole organ as it lessens the possibility of cancer, which might 
 follow. 
 
 POLYPUS. — When a tumor occurs just beneath the mucous 
 membrane which lines the uterus, the growth is not hard, but 
 soft. The reason is that the congestion, occurring so near the 
 surface, causes the mucous membrane to bulge out at the point of 
 least resistance or greatest pressure. This space is immediately 
 rilled with blood. There is no overgrowth in this case. Nature 
 tries to supply new tissue, but the effort succeeds but partially 
 for the reason that the mucous membrane continues to bulge 
 forward and the size of the cavity increases so rapidly that 
 normal tissue cannot form fast enough to fill the space; hence it 
 is more or less filled with a soft, gelatinous growth. These 
 growths sometimes become very large, and the uterus enlarges 
 the same as in pregnancy. The growths are called polypi. 
 They may completely fill the organ, and the mucous membrane may 
 bulge forward and downward until it protrudes from the uterus 
 into the vagina. The stem or pedicle b3 r which they are attached 
 shows the primary seat of origin. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptom of polypus is hemorrhage, either 
 at or between the periods. As the growth becomes larger, the 
 hemorrhages become more frequent and there is more or less 
 pain. The pains are the result of contractions as the uterus 
 tries to expel its contents. The polypus excites the same con- 
 traction in the uterus that a clot of blood or any other foreign 
 body does. In some cases there are no particular symptoms, 
 except an increased flow at the menstrual period, until the 
 polypus becomes large, when the hemorrhage becomes more 
 frequent and there are painful contractions, as stated. Exami- 
 nation shows the condition at once. In some cases the contrac- 
 tions of the uterus are so strong that the growth is squeezed off 
 — separated at the pedicle or point of attachment — and is dis- 
 charged, either in parts or altogether. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Where these growths are not expelled naturally, they should 
 be removed. 
 
 THE VAGINA. 
 
 LEUCORRHEA. — The vagina is subject to inflammation, 
 gonorrhea, tumors, cancer and leucorrhea. The last mentioned 
 is caused by a relaxed condition of the surrounding tissues and 
 of the mucous membrane, or it may result from inflammation of 
 the uterus or other surrounding tissue. 
 
446 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Leucorrhea is a catarrhal condition and the treatment 
 consists in cleanliness. This can best be maintained by injec- 
 tions, using a large quantity of water each time — i gallon of 
 water containing }4 ounce of Boric Acid. Astringents are often 
 recommended for this trouble, such as the following: 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc i drachm. 
 
 Powdered Alum i " 
 
 Water i gallon, 
 
 Use all at one injection. 
 
 The great object of the local treatment is to render the sur- 
 face as clean as possible. The injection should be used often 
 enough to maintain this condition — twice a day at least. These 
 cases usually require general treatment in the way of nourishing 
 food. Tonics may also be needed. The following one is recom- 
 mended: 
 
 Fowler's Solution 3 drachms. 
 
 Fellows' Syrup of Hypophosphites.. 5 ounces. 
 Maltine, or other good preparation 
 
 of Extract of Malt 10 " 
 
 Mix, and give one tablespoonful before or 
 immediately after meals, and one at bedtime. 
 
 For a gonorrheal discharge give the same large injections 
 twice a day, but instead of the Zinc and Alum, add 2 drachms of 
 Permanganate of Potash or 6 drachms of Boric Acid. 
 
 If the discharge is due to inflammation of the uterus or other 
 disease, the treatment should be directed to such cause. 
 
 B. For almost all forms of disease of the vagina the hot 
 douche is unequalled. Use every day from a quart to a gallon of 
 hot water with a little salt dissolved in it. — (42). 
 
 C. Use hot water douches with x / 2 teaspoonful of Sulphate of 
 Zinc or Sugar of I^ead dissolved in four quarts of water, or Tinc- 
 ture of Iodine used in the same way. — (26). 
 
 D. Creolin — 20 drops in ^ gallon of warm water. Use as 
 an injection into vagina morning and evening. — (23). 
 
 E. Free irrigations (injections) with hot solutions of Borax 
 — hot as can be borne. Use 2 drachms of Borax to pint of water 
 once or twice daily. — (60). 
 
 F. Wampole's Antiseptic Vaginal Cones. Introduce one at 
 night and use injection of warm water in the morning on rising. 
 -(9)- 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 447 
 
 THE 0VARIE5. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF. — The ovaries (see description 
 under Menstruation ) are subject to inflammation, abscess, 
 atrophy, or shrinking, tumor, displacement and hernia. The 
 last two do not often occur. Inflammation is by far the most 
 common. 
 
 Causes. — It may be caused by inflammation or abscess 
 in the abdominal cavity, by appendicitis, blood poisoning, 
 eruptive fevers, injury, or may result from tuberculosis, cancer 
 or abortion. It most often occurs by extension from the 
 uterus, passing along the Fallopian tubes, and perhaps the most 
 frequent cause is gonorrheal infection. 
 
 Symptoms. — The most prominent symptom is pain and sore- 
 ness in the region of the ovaries. If it is an acute attack, there 
 is fever and a rapid pulse. The pain may extend around the 
 crest of the hip down the limb. It is made worse by exercise and 
 by the approach of the menstrual period, and is made easier by 
 the flow. In the early stages menstruation is increased. If it 
 continues and becomes chronic, menstruation may be lessened, 
 or may cease altogether. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In most cases rest is of first importance. If it is an acute 
 attack and seen early, cold packs may be used over the diseased 
 organ; later, hot poultices. Vaginal injections of Boric Acid 
 solution as hot as can be borne may be used once or twice a day. 
 If there is much fever, give i-drop doses of Tincture of Aconite 
 every hour, more or less often as needed. Keep the bowels 
 regular. If seen early, give an active cathartic. The patient 
 should remain quiet until the soreness and inflammation have 
 disappeared. Attention should be given to the general health, 
 ventilation, etc. With some there is a strong tendency to resort 
 to the knife whenever there is disturbance of the general health 
 with neuralgic pains in the region of the ovaries, or when accom- 
 panied by some nervous phenomena. This practice cannot be too 
 strongly condemned. A great surgeon said recently, "The ten- 
 dency of the profession to appeal to the knife is the great error of 
 the present century." Inflammation of the ovaries is no differ- 
 ent from inflammation elsewhere. Inflammation of the ovaries 
 does not often occur and, as already stated, when it does, it is 
 usually the result of extension from surrounding structures. 
 With some classes it most frequently results from gonorrheal 
 infection. 
 
448 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TUMORS OF. — Tumors of the ovaries do not often occur. 
 The most usual form is what is called Ovatian Cysts. These are 
 caused by the failure of the egg (see description) to rupture. 
 Instead it continues to enlarge and becomes filled with fluid. 
 These tumors sometimes reach enormous proportions. The only 
 treatment is removal. Where an abscess is present, it should be 
 opened and treated the same as abscess elsewhere. 
 
 DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 
 
 INFANT FEEDING. 
 
 The Best Substitute for Mother's Milk.— If the mother 
 is healthy, the best food for an infant is the mother's milk. 
 When this cannot be had, cow's milk has been proved to be the 
 best substitute, but cow's milk must be modified or changed so as 
 to approximate human milk as nearly as possible. Mothers who 
 are unable to nurse their infants should know how to feed them. 
 
 Infant Foods. — The Public Health Journal, published in 
 New York, says: "Nearly every form of infant food has been 
 used in the New York Infant Asylums. The experience with 
 them as foods — something for infants to thrive upon and gain 
 weight on — has been, without exception, unsatisfactory. Many 
 varieties are positively dangerous. Cow's milk, cream and sugar 
 have been demonstrated to be the only reliable substitutes for 
 mother's milk." 
 
 Deficiency of Water. — Many disturbances of digestion are 
 to be explained by deficiency of water — certainly more than are 
 due to an excess of it. Many infants receive water only as they 
 get it in their milk. An infant as well as a grown person can be 
 thirsty without being hungry. Babies who are not given water 
 receive it only in their food, hence they are obliged to eat to 
 satisfy thirst, and they may still suffer thirst because they cannot 
 eat more. This also causes them to eat too much and too often. 
 
 Starch and Sugar. — Again, those having the care of babies 
 should know that the infant's power to digest starch or cane 
 (granulated) sugar is very slight at birth. If these are used, 
 there is danger of setting up an acid fermentation, which may 
 cause catarrh of the stomach and digestive tract and produce 
 colicky pains. Cane sugar and starch cannot be digested by 
 children under one year of age, therefore starchy foods, as bread, 
 potatoes, etc., should not be given. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 449 
 
 Preparation of Cow's Milk. — To render cow's milk like 
 human milk, the appended tables may prove convenient. They 
 also show the necessary change in the amount of ingredients 
 which will harmonize with the child's age and growth. Very 
 large and robust infants may require more, and weak ones less, 
 than the amount indicated. 
 
 Sterilizing Milk. — Some prefer to sterilize milk. This may 
 be done by pouring the milk into a clean bottle or can and placing 
 the same in a kettle or pan of water. The cork or top should be 
 loosened and the water boiled for thirty minutes. The cork 
 should then be replaced and the milk set in a cool place. Before 
 using, the milk should be slightly warmed by placing the nursing 
 bottle in warm water. 
 
 Frequency of Nursings. — A healthy infant should not 
 nurse more than fifteen or twenty minutes at one time. Very 
 young infants should be allowed to nurse every two hours during 
 the day, and the number of feedings in twenty- four hours should 
 be ten. After the fourth or fifth week (some authorities put 
 this as late as the third month) the infant should nurse at regular 
 intervals of two and one-half hours during the day, and only 
 once during the seven or eight hours during which the mother 
 ought to sleep. From the beginning of the third month to the 
 end of the nursing period, every three hours is often enough; 
 after six months five to seven nursings are sufficient during the 
 twenty-four hours, and night nursing, that is, between ten 
 o'clock in the evening and six o'clock in the morning, should be 
 given up. If necessary, water may be given during the night. 
 
 Disease Caused by. — Cholera infantum, various forms of 
 rash, convulsions, brain fever and many other diseases, are 
 brought on by unhealthy surroundings, unhealthy food and over- 
 feeding. The stomach of the new-born babe holds only from two 
 to three tablespoonfuls. Cow's milk contains less sugar than 
 human milk, and about four times as much caseine, or milk 
 albumen. During extreme hot weather less milk and more water 
 should be given. 
 
 Time of Weaning". — Nursing babies should be weaned 
 before they are one year old. It is better to wean them in cold 
 weather, and when they are not cutting teeth. The mother with 
 consumption, or very poor health from other cause, should not 
 nurse a baby. 
 
 Hot weather kills babies by spoiling their milk and other 
 food. The heat also lowers their vitality, or power of resistance. 
 About one- half of all deaths in cities are young children, and 
 about two-thirds of this number are infants under one year of 
 age. In nearly every case the primary cause of disease com- 
 29 
 
450 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 mences in the digestive tract. Over one- third of the children 
 and infants die during the months of July and August. The 
 weather cannot be changed, but proper feeding, cleanliness and 
 fresh air will do much to prolong the lives of children. 
 
 Preparation of Bottled Milk. — 
 
 From Birth to the Third or Fourth Month. 
 
 Milk, fresh 8 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Lime Water, fresh (see note below).. 2 " 
 
 Water, boiled (see note below) 30 " 
 
 Milk Sugar, pure 9 even teaspoonfuls. 
 
 From the Fourth to the Ninth Month. 
 
 Milk, fresh 16 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Lime Water, fresh 2 " 
 
 Water, boiled 22 " 
 
 Milk Sugar 9 even teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Amount to be Given. — Enough of either of these to last 
 for the day should be placed in a clean bottle or fruit can — one 
 that has been thoroughly scalded — the bottle or can placed 
 upright in a vessel containing a few inches of water, and the 
 water heated to the boiling point (see note below). The bottle 
 or can should then be taken from the fire, cooled quickly and 
 kept tightly corked in a cool place. The number of tablespoon- 
 fuls of the mixture put into the feeding bottle should be as 
 follows: 
 
 For the first week 2 to 3 
 
 Second to sixth week 3 " 7 
 
 Sixth to twelfth week 8 " 9 
 
 Third to sixth month 8 "12 
 
 Sixth to ninth month 12 " 18 
 
 Note.— See Index for Milk, scalded, Water, boiled and Lime Water, 
 to make. 
 
 CAPILLARY BRONCHITIS.— (See under Bronchitis 
 in Department I ) . 
 
 CHOLERA INFANTUM.— (See under Cholera in 
 Department I ) . 
 
 DEFORMITIES. — Many, in fact all but the more serious 
 deformities, may be successfully treated by putting on light 
 splints and keeping well bandaged. The treatment should com- 
 mence as soon as the deformity is discovered. 
 
 EYES, SORE AT BIRTH.— (See Purulent Conjunctivitis 
 under Eye, Diseases of, in Department I ). 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 451 
 
 FRACTURES. — Fractures in children differ in no way 
 from fractures in adults, excepting that with children the bones 
 fracture more easily and there is less destruction of the soft 
 tissue and less swelling, hence these cases are more easily cared 
 for. 
 
 Causes. — Fractures may occur in utero, i. e. , during or before 
 birth. Such fractures may be the result of pressure upon some 
 of the pelvic bones during the development of the child, may 
 result from some abnormal position during birth, or from pres- 
 sure from the forceps. It is understood, of course, that fracture 
 from the forceps is more liable to occur in a narrow pelvis, or in 
 one that is deformed. Fractures occurring after birth are due to 
 external violence or force, as falls, blows, etc. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment differs in no way from the treatment in the 
 adult. In the case of a fractured limb in a child where there is 
 little or no swelling, it is considered good practice for the doctor 
 to put on a plaster paris bandage. This is sometimes called a 
 plaster cast. This is allowed to remain until the fracture heals. 
 
 HARELIP. — All cases of harelip should be treated by a 
 surgeon. The operation should be performed during infancy. 
 
 HERNIA, INGUINAL.— Under Hernia in Department 
 I, it was stated that in foetal life the testicles occupied a position 
 in the abdominal cavity, and that before birth they passed down 
 into the scrotum; also that the openings through which they pass 
 remain and are called the inguinal canals, meaning canals in the 
 groin. We failed to state the purpose of these canals, which is 
 the transmission of arteries, veins and nerves that supply the 
 testicles. The canals also contain what are called the vasa def- 
 erentia. These are two small tubes which lead from the testicles 
 up through the inguinal canals, pass into the abdominal cavity 
 behind and below the bladder and terminate in the urethral tract. 
 We also stated that the canals were closed at their upper end by 
 the peritoneum which lines the abdominal cavity, and compared 
 the peritoneum to the film which surrounds an egg and lies 
 beneath the shell. Sometimes in the child the abdominal open- 
 ing into the canal is not properly closed, and this allows more or 
 less free opportunity for some part of the bowel to communicate 
 with it, the result being an Inguinal Hernia. 
 
 Cause. — That already given. 
 
 Symptoms. — A bulging or prominence in the form of a soft 
 tumor along the course of the inguinal canal, which readily 
 disappears when the child lies on its back, or which may be 
 pressed back easily. 
 
452 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The application of a properly fitting truss. These cases 
 usually make a complete recovery later by the closure of the 
 canal. 
 
 HERNIA, UMBILICAL.— This consists of a protrusion of 
 some of the abdominal viscera or contents through the navel ring, 
 which in foetal life gave passage to the umbilical vessels that were 
 contained in the cord. 
 
 Cause. — Incomplete closure of the ring. This may be due to 
 crying, straining, or other internal abdominal pressure ; or may 
 result from a lack of nourishment where proper healing has not 
 taken place. The outer covering of skin is usually complete. 
 
 a 
 
 Symptoms. — A protrusion, giving the form or appearance of 
 small tumor, which is easily reduced by pressure. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Take a piece of flat cork or button the proper size, cover it 
 with soft cotton cloth, sew it in the center of a bandage, then 
 place the cork or button directly over the tumor and secure the 
 bandage around the body. Both the bandage and the tissues 
 beneath should be kept thoroughly clean. Like all other forms 
 of Infantile Hernia, this variety usually results in complete 
 recovery. 
 
 INCONTINENCE. — This means an involuntary evacua- 
 tion of the bowel or bladder, although it is generally understood 
 to mean inability to retain the urine during sleep. This is a 
 disease of childhood and is overcome with age, but may also be 
 relieved by treatment. 
 
 Cause. — Phimosis (See Phimosis), adhesions of the prepuce, 
 intestinal worms, or over-sensitiveness of the urethral tract. 
 These and other causes are given, although in many cases there 
 can be no cause discovered. When a disease or condition exists 
 that is not well understood, various theories are advanced as being 
 the cause. Sometimes these theories may be correct; sometimes 
 they may not. We think this statement applies to incontinence. 
 Personally we believe that many cases of incontinence are due 
 to a lack of development of the nerve fibers which supply the 
 neck of the bladder, hence the constrictory muscle is not under 
 proper control. Or, another way of looking at it, this nerve sup- 
 ply might be over-sensitive, hence the pressure resulting from a 
 distended bladder would allow or cause an involuntary passage of 
 the urine during sleep. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 453 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 We have always relied upon Atropine in the treatment of 
 this trouble and have always been successful. It is good prac- 
 tice to give a dose of Santonine for one or two nights. If 
 there are any worms present, it will remove them without trouble; 
 if there are none present, it will do no harm. Again, Santonine 
 is a remedy used by some for this trouble whether due to 
 worms or not, and it is even claimed to be successful in some 
 cases where Atropine fails. If Atropine is used, it should be 
 given in several small doses frequently repeated, commencing 
 two or three hours before the child goes to bed; or one large dose 
 may be given. The small dose seems preferable because by that 
 means there would be no danger of over-dosing. For a child 
 from five to ten years old, give -^ of a grain every hour until 
 the pupil of the eye is well dilated, or until the face is flushed, 
 and give at bedtime 1 grain of Santonine and 1 grain of Calomel. 
 In some cases it is necessary to repeat the Atropine for some 
 days. If the two or three doses of Atropine do not produce 
 the symptoms mentioned, begin the treatment earlier the second 
 day and continue until effect. 
 
 Retention of Urine. — In most cases with infants, retention 
 of urine may be overcome by giving liberally of a tea made of 
 pumpkin or watermelon seeds. Sometimes the urethral tract in 
 the new-born male child is not complete, i. e. , does not reach the 
 surface. Whenever this condition is present the doctor should 
 make an artificial opening, being careful to have it meet the 
 termination of the natural opening. 
 
 Note. — This same defect sometimes occurs in the digestive tract. We 
 are acquainted with one case of this kind where an external opening was 
 made. The opening was continued for some 2 l / z inches into the bowel. 
 The mucous membrane of the bowel was brought down and stitched to the 
 skin, and the operation was a complete success. 
 
 JAUNDICE PERNICIOUS. — This is a malignant and 
 fatal disease of the new-born. It is a pernicious form of jaun- 
 dice which differs entirely from the ordinary catarrhal variety. 
 This form does not stain the whites of the eyes nor give other 
 characteristic signs of jaundice. 
 
 Cause. — It is caused by defective circulation in the liver. 
 Among the primary or earlier causes is unhealthy blood, 
 malformation, syphilis, inflammation of the umbilical cord, 
 imperfect circulation in the lungs, or blood poisoning from any 
 cause. Bad hygiene and improper nourishment before birth lie 
 at the bottom of all. "Pernicious Jaundice" is a misnomer 
 because there is no jaundice present, 
 
4^4 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is largely symptomatic. Make the child as 
 comfortable as possible. There is no known treatment that is of 
 value. The patient may live for a few days or for a week or two. 
 
 MOTHER'S MARK.— (See Birth Marks under description 
 of Skin in Department I). 
 
 DISEASES OF THE MOUTH. 
 
 Cleanliness. — Babies cannot clear the mouth of food pro- 
 ducts after eating like grown people do, and after nursing there 
 frequently remain particles of milk in the form of curd, which 
 may be lodged under the tongue, at the sides of the mouth, 
 along the throat, or covering more or less the surface of the 
 mucous membrane lining the mouth. These particles readily 
 decompose and furnish an acid secretion which irritates and 
 inflames the mucous membrane, and is probably the most common 
 cause of sore mouth in infants. If the mouth is kept clean and 
 free from the products of nursing, it will seldom get sore or give 
 trouble. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. If the mouth is rinsed out with clear water two or three 
 times a day, or night and morning, it will be all that is needed. 
 This can best be done by using a soft cloth wrapped around the 
 finger. 
 
 B. Peroxide of Hydrogen 4 drachms. 
 
 Distilled Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Wash the mouth with some of this solution 
 several times a day. — (29). 
 
 APHTHiE— THRUSH— CANKER SORE MOUTH. 
 
 — This is a disease of the mouth in which small vesicles appear. 
 These vesicles may ulcerate. If ulceration takes place, it is 
 called Aphthce, or Thtush; if ulceration does not take place, it is 
 spoken of as Canker Sore Mouth. It is a disease of infancy and 
 may follow a catarrhal condition of the stomach, or may result 
 from a lack of cleanliness of the mouth, as described. 
 
 Causes. — Those already given. It may also be caused or 
 influenced by indigestion and an unhealthy condition of the 
 bowels. Also said to be caused by teething. 
 
 Symptoms. — The child may refuse to nurse, and small vesicles 
 appear in the mouth — on the tongue, gums, lips and mucous 
 membrane of the cheek. The vesicles are first of a light color. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 455 
 
 If ulcers form, they are quite painful. There is no odor. The 
 child may worry a good deal, and in some cases is very trouble- 
 some. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Regulate the stomach and bowels, give good ventilation, 
 and wash the mouth with the following mixture: 
 
 Borax, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Lloyd's Hydrastus 4 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 2 " 
 
 Water enough to make 2 ounces. 
 
 Apply this with a soft cloth several times 
 a day. The child's mouth should also be 
 washed with a little warm water after nursing. 
 
 To regulate the bowels, give the following mixture: 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 
 
 Wine of Ipecac 1 " 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 6 drachms. 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — 10 drops to % teaspoonful twice a 
 day, according to age. 
 
 The above is applicable either to the ulcerated or simple 
 form. 
 
 B. Borax, powdered % teaspoonful 
 
 Alum, powdered ^ " 
 
 Tannin % " 
 
 Mix together and pour on 16 tablespoonfuls 
 of boiling water. Stir until dissolved, add 2 
 ounces Glycerine and swab the mouth thor- 
 oughly three times a day. Regulate the 
 bowels. 
 
 C. Bayberry Bark, pulverized 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Golden Seal, pulverized 1 " 
 
 Red Raspberry leaves small handful. 
 
 Put all into a dish, pour on boiling water, steep, sweeten 
 with honey or loaf sugar, and swab the mouth thoroughly with 
 the decoction, using a nice soft swab, three or four times a day. 
 Be sure to brush well between the gums and cheeks and all 
 around thoroughly. 
 
 Also splendid for nursing sore mouth. 
 
 D. Make a wash of a teaspoonful of Alum to a glass of 
 water. Internally, one teaspoonful of Rochelle Salts every morn- 
 ing, taken in a glass of water before breakfast. — (7). 
 
 Note. — For infants, give Castoria (see Miscellaneous Medical 
 Receipts) in place of Rochelle Salts. 
 
45 6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 E. Add Chlorate of Potash to water until some remains 
 undissolved in the bottom of the glass. Hold in mouth as often 
 and as long as possible. Swallow a teaspoonful occasionally. 
 
 -(14)- 
 
 Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth and allow none to be swallowed. 
 
 F. "Yellow Root." Either chew the root, or make a strong 
 tea and add equal parts of honey or Glycerine and a little Alum 
 -(9). 
 
 Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth. 
 
 G. Gargle with solution of Chlorate of Potash — y? teaspoon- 
 ful to a pint of water. — (n). 
 
 Note. — For an infant, swab the mouth. 
 
 H. Black wash composed of: 
 
 Calomel 30 grains. 
 
 Lime Water 6 ounces. 
 
 Has proven very efficacious in some obstinate cases. — (60). 
 
 I. Saturate a feather in Kerosene Oil and apply to sore, is a 
 remedy recommended by an old nurse. 
 
 J. Iodoform 1 drachm. 
 
 Ether 2 " 
 
 Mix. Apply with camel's hair pencil occa- 
 sionally. 
 
 CANCRUM ORIS, or GANGRENE OF THE 
 MOUTH. — This disease usually affects children of about two 
 years of age. 
 
 Causes. — It generally follows some severe constitutional 
 disease, such as scarlet fever or typhoid fever, dysentery, or bad 
 surroundings where the child has gradually become enfeebled. 
 The child has become so weak, the blood so unhealthy, the circu- 
 lation so poor, and nutrition lacking to such an extent that the 
 part dies. Bad hygiene is believed to be the real underlying 
 cause of this disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — About the first symptom may be one or more 
 vesicles or blisters, which gradually turn dark. There is great 
 swelling, but very little or no pain because the part is dead. 
 The glands of the neck also become greatly swollen, and the cheek 
 outside turns purplish over the diseased spot within, the skin 
 blistering and peeling off. The gangrene spreads rapidly and 
 affects the gums, teeth and jaw, the odor being very offensive. 
 The disease runs a rapid course and usually ends fatally in from 
 four to eight days. The immediate cause of death is blood 
 poisoning from absorption of the products of the dead tissue. 
 When recovery follows, there is more or less deformity by reason 
 of the great destruction of tissue resulting from inflammation. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 45; 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Early and thorough 
 removal of the dead tissue is of the first importance, and this can 
 be accomplished only by a physician. In the meantime place the 
 child in a well-ventilated room where he can have an abundance 
 of fresh air, give an active cathartic, as 2 teaspoonfuls of Castor 
 Oil, or Laxol (see Index), and wash the mouth thoroughly with 
 a disinfectant — probably the disinfectant most likely to be at hand 
 would be Carbolic Acid. Put 10 drops of Carbolic Acid into x / 2 
 pint of water and wash the mouth thoroughly every thirty 
 minutes, making the solution fresh each time. Formaldehyde is 
 another disinfectant, 1 drachm of which may be used to 8 ounces 
 of water. 
 
 A better disinfectant, and one that ought to be used, 
 especially if there is going to be any delay in getting the doctor, 
 is the following: 
 
 Chlorate of Potash 1 drachm. 
 
 Muriatic Acid, pure iyi " 
 
 Mix together and add 
 
 Tincture of Chloride of Iron 2 drachms. 
 
 Water, enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Make a swab out of soft cloth or a small 
 piece of cotton, and apply this directly to the 
 diseased spot every hour. 
 
 The value of this antiseptic is found in the large amount of 
 free Chlorine which it contains. It is well known that Chlorine 
 is a most powerful disinfectant. 
 
 MUMPS.— (See Department I). 
 
 NIGHT TERROR— NIGHTMARE. — Night Terror is 
 the name given to a condition which usually affects children, 
 producing bad dreams. The child awakes in a fright with a feel- 
 ing of distress or suffocation. During sleep he is attended with 
 hideous dreams and often with inability to move, although he 
 may be conscious, or partly so. 
 
 Cause. — In most cases the cause is the result of a too hearty 
 supper followed by indigestion. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms are restlessness during sleep, and 
 perhaps awaking in a state of fright or with a decided feeling of 
 fear. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. These cases can always be controlled by attention to diet 
 — eating light suppers, eating slowly and thoroughly masticating 
 the food — and by keeping the bowels regular. 
 
458 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 B. Keep the stomach and liver in good condition and there 
 will never be any trouble of this kind. — (30). 
 
 PARALYSIS, INFANTILE.— This form of paralysis 
 usually occurs between the ages of three months and three or 
 four years. 
 
 Cause. — This is a disease of the spinal cord. It should be 
 remembered that the spinal cord is composed of large nerve cells 
 and nerve fibers. The fibers are merely drawn-out processes of 
 the cells. The cells are grey in color, while the fibers are light. 
 The fibers are located on the surface, and surrounding all is a 
 membrane which is continuous from that which covers the brain. 
 The grey cells are situated in the center of the cord, and their 
 outer surface is angular in form. If the cord should be cut in 
 two and the reader should look down on the cut end, the grey 
 matter, or cells, would be seen to form a cross somewhat like the 
 letter (< X." In Infantile Paralysis the anterior projections of the 
 grey cells are the ones first diseased, i. e. } the parts of the letter 
 1 ' X " which point forward. First there is congestion, followed by 
 inflammation, circulation and nutrition are lessened and, if the 
 disease continues, the part of the cord mentioned dies and degen- 
 erates. Following the destruction of the cells, their prolonga- 
 tions, the nerve fibers, are also destroyed because their source of 
 supply is cut off, just the same as a tree would die if the roots 
 were cut off. It is plainly evident that the cause of this disease 
 is primarily a lack of nutrition. This means dyspepsia and an 
 unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. Following this con- 
 dition the blood would contain many irritants and, if continued, 
 the irritation would produce inflammation. This is the same 
 condition that causes paralysis in adults. The reason that it 
 occurs so suddenly in the infant or small child is because the 
 child's powers of resistance are comparatively weak. 
 
 Why does this condition produce paralysis in one child and 
 tubercular meningitis or some other disease in another ? Because 
 of their different powers to resist. The same is true in the adult. 
 In some one organ or tissue is stronger and more resistant, and in 
 others some other organ or tissue is stronger and more resistant. 
 
 Symptoms. — First there is some fever, the appetite is poor, 
 and there are all other symptoms that would indicate an 
 unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. In a few days there 
 is some improvement in this respect, and then it is discovered that 
 paralysis exists. Paralysis may affect any one, any two, or all of 
 the extremities. The paralyzed limb feels cold, its color is not 
 natural but somewhat dark, or dark blue, showing poor circula- 
 tion, and gradually there is a wasting of the muscles, due to the 
 fact that the nerve supply has been destroyed. 
 
DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 459 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. First clear the digestive tract with a dose of Castor Oil, 
 or I^axol (see Index). Give from 1 to 3 grains of Salol four times 
 a day, according to age. Give from 3 to 10 drops of Syrup of 
 Hydriodic Acid three times a day between meals. Nourishing 
 food, fresh air, sunshine, free elimination and antiseptics for the 
 digestive tract are points to be remembered in the treatment of 
 this disease. 
 
 B. Take a small handful each of Witch Hazel bark, Wild 
 Cherry bark and Skunk Cabbage, put into an iron kettle and 
 cover with a quart of water. Boil until the strength is extracted, 
 strain, and boil down to one pint. Sweeten this decoction and 
 give a teaspoonful dose three to five times a day. 
 
 There is Another Form of Paralysis in which there is a 
 shrinkage of some of the muscles and enlargement of others, 
 with partial paralysis of all; or this condition may follow Infantile 
 Paralysis. 
 
 Cause. — Those already given. 
 
 Symptoms. — The child does not begin to walk until quite 
 late, and then with much difficulty. Walking causes pain, the 
 gait is unsteady, and the child cannot lie down nor get up. The 
 muscles of the chest become shrunken, and this interferes with 
 respiration. The unequal size of the muscles gives them a knotted 
 appearance. L,ater there is an increase in the curvature of the 
 spine. This disease lasts several years and usually ends fatally. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same as for Infantile Pa?alysis. Good 
 food and proper hygienic surroundings constitute the basis. 
 Recovery is doubtful. Paralysis of infants ana small children is 
 always a grave condition. 
 
 Paralysis of the Face. — This sometimes results from injury 
 done by forceps at the time of delivery. These cases usually 
 recover in a few days. Paralysis of one or more of the individual 
 muscles about the neck and back sometimes occurs. This form 
 is also usually recovered from. 
 
 PHIMOSIS. — Phimosis is a long prepuce or foreskin, rend- 
 ering retraction of the skin difficult or impossible. It is usually 
 congenital, that is, exists from birth. It may result from 
 inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — Phimosis causes retention of the sebaceous 
 matter which is usually produced, and this may cause irritation 
 and inflammation. As the result of inflammation the prepuce 
 may grow fast to the glands. Great irritability of the bladder 
 may be caused, also incontinence or inability to retain the urine, 
 
460 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 or in some cases inability to retain the faeces. Disturbance of 
 sight, loss of sleep and great nervousness may result. Nervous 
 symptoms may be so varied that it would be difficult to enumerate 
 all. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Some physicians dilate the foreskin, thoroughly cleanse the 
 surface, and instruct this to be done several times a week, 
 keeping the parts thoroughly clean. The majority, however, 
 advise circumcision. 
 
 SPASMS. — Nearly all cases of spasms or convulsions in 
 children are the result of undigested food in the stomach. There 
 is also usually an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. 
 Following such an experience greater attention should be paid 
 to diet. See also Convulsions in Department I. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What to Do.- — Give an emetic and place the child in a tub of 
 
 warm water to which I or 2 tablespoonfuls of Mustard have 
 
 been added. After the emetic operates and the spasm has been 
 
 relieved, give a dose of Castor Oil or Iyaxol (see Index), wrap 
 
 in a small woolen blanket and put to bed. If the child has a 
 
 high fever, wrap in a wet blanket; if fever is not high, a dry 
 
 blanket will do. 
 
 Note. — If hot water is not at hand, give the emetic, and as soon as it 
 operates, follow with the cathartic. The results will be the same although a 
 little longer time may be required. 
 
 A. Immerse the child in a tub of water as hot as can be 
 borne until improvement, then wrap in a blanket and put to bed. 
 An emetic, cathartic or both are usually needed. 
 
 The inhalation of Chloroform dropped on a napkin will 
 often stop the spasm, but does not remove the cause. — (20). 
 
 B. Strip the child and put into a warm bath, and let it 
 remain in the water about ten minutes. 
 
 Also give Belladonna, third dilution — i-drop doses, in liquid 
 or pill form, every thirty minutes till spasm is controlled. — (56). 
 — Homeopathic. 
 
 STOMACH AND BOWEL DIFFICULTIES OF 
 CHILDREN. — The following remedy will be found to meet the 
 requirements in more cases of bowel derangement of children 
 than any other preparation: 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 
 
 Wine of Ipecac 1 M 
 
 Fluid Hydrastus 6 " 
 
 Syrup of Rhubarb, add to 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Dose. — From a few drops to I tea- 
 spoonful, according to age. 
 
DISBASBS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 461 
 
 TONGUE-TIE. — Where the frenum of the tongue is 
 too short, snip carefully with a pair of scissors, cutting away 
 from the base of the tongue and towards the under jaw. If 
 done by a physician, there is neither pain nor danger. 
 
 WORMS, ROUND.— These are the most common worm 
 found in the digestive tract. They vary greatly in size and 
 length. The average diameter is from -J to -J- of an inch. In 
 length they vary from 2 to 20 inches, but the average is 6 inches. 
 They reproduce rapidly. The female is said to contain several 
 million eggs. 
 
 Cause. — Taking the egg or the worm in minute size into the 
 stomach with food or drink. There are a great army of para- 
 sites, including worms, which are constantly being taken into 
 the system, but usually they are destroyed by the digestive 
 fluids. 
 
 Symptoms. — Often there are no symptoms, even when the 
 worms are present in large numbers. When symptoms are 
 present, they are irritation in the stomach and bowels, occasional 
 pains, and sometimes loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting. 
 There may be diarrhea. Light color about the mouth, red spots 
 on the cheek, picking the nose and disturbance of sleep are 
 thought by many to be positive signs of worms. This is not 
 true, however, because any and all of these symptoms might 
 and often do result from other causes. The only positive 
 symptom is the elimination of worms. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Santonine is the great remedy for worms, and is used more 
 or less in nearly all worm remedies. Allow the child only a 
 light supper, and give 1 or 2 grains of Santonine with an equal 
 amount of Calomel. Next morning give a dose of Castor Oil or 
 L,axol (see Index). If there are no results, repeat the treat- 
 ment the next night. If no worms are present in the elimina- 
 tions, it will be satisfactory proof that they do not inhabit the 
 intestines of the child. 
 
 B. Santonine — 1 to 3 grains — followed by a large dose of 
 Castor Oil — 2 teaspoonfuls, more or less according to age. — (29). 
 
 C. Santonine 1 grain. 
 
 Calomel 1 " 
 
 Soda Bicarbonate (baking soda)... 20 " 
 
 Mix intimately and divide into 10 powders. 
 Take 1 powder every hour until the 10 are 
 taken, and follow with a dose of Castor Oil, 
 
462 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 D. Santonine 4j£ grains. 
 
 Calomel 4j£ " 
 
 Milk Sugar 6 
 
 Oil of Anise I drop. 
 
 Mix, divide into 4 powders, and take 1 at 
 bedtime every third night. — (59). 
 
 E. Get five cents worth of Pink root and Senna leaves, steep 
 to make a tea, sweeten with a little sugar or Glycerine, and 
 drink freely during the morning. If the results are not satis- 
 factory, repeat. 
 
 F. Tablets of the following: 
 
 Santonine )/ 2 grain. 
 
 Calomel yi 
 
 Take 1 tablet at bedtime, and follow in the morning with a 
 dose of Senna tea before breakfast. One tablet is not too large a 
 dose for a child of two years, and is sufficient up to ten or twelve 
 
 years.— (31). 
 
 WORMS, THREAD or SEAT.— In appearance these 
 look like small pieces of white thread. They inhabit the lower 
 part of the bowel and lower rectum. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of thread or seat worms are 
 intense itching, and also their presence in the eliminations. 
 
 Treatment . — 
 
 The treatment is the same as for Round Worms. Also 
 make a strong solution of Quassia in water and inject into the 
 rectum once or twice a day. Quassia comes in chips. Put a 
 few of these chips, or small pieces, into a tumbler of water and 
 let stand over night. In the morning inject 1 or 2 tablespoon - 
 fuls of the solution. The injection does not want to be carried 
 high, but allowed to remain in the lower part of the tract. 
 Follow in thirty minutes with an injection of water only — a 
 sufficient amount to cause the bowels to move, or at least to wash 
 out the lower part of the tract occupied by the previous injection. 
 Or a solution of Quinine may be used. This is prepared by 
 dissolving 5 grains of Quinine in y 2 teaspoonful of Alcohol; 
 add 2 tablespoonfuls of water and use as directed for Quassia. 
 Or, add 20 grains of Carbolic Acid to 1 ounce of Vaseline, and 
 apply by introducing into the lower part of the tract. 
 
Department SIS 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 
 
 The importance of a knowledge as to what to do immediately 
 to prevent serious consequences from accidents and injuries, is 
 now everywhere recognized. Keep cool, try to grasp the situa- 
 tion, and act promptly. Where doubt exists as to the proper 
 thing to do, it is best to do nothing but make the patient as 
 comfortable as possible. 
 
 Life often depends upon first treatment. A study of the 
 suggestions given here will enable any intelligent person to 
 determine what to do until the physician arrives. 
 
 BANDAGES. 
 
 Bandages are usually made from strips of soft cotton. They 
 vary in width, and are rolled lengthwise, hence are sometimes 
 called "roller" bandages. They are used for dressing fractures, 
 wounds, etc. Their principal use is to hold dressings in place on 
 an injured surface, but more especially to retain in position the 
 ends of a fractured bone. 
 
 To render their application more convenient and secure, 
 bandages are sometimes split for some distance from each end, 
 making four strips. In the application of this form of bandage 
 the ends may be wrapped in opposite directions around the limb, 
 or part, and fastened; or the end of a roller bandage may be split 
 after it is applied, and the two ends passed in different directions 
 around the limb and secured. This is very convenient when 
 pins or needle and thread are wanting. In applying a bandage to 
 a limb, always elevate the limb and commence the application at the 
 extremity i as the hand or foot, and wind toward the body. This 
 will lessen the amount of blood in the part and prevent swelling. 
 
 In many cases bandages cannot be successfully applied 
 except by one accustomed to their use. However, in emergency 
 cases any one can apply a bandage to stop the flow of blood, or to 
 prevent the grating of broken ends of bones, and this makes the 
 patient more comfortable until the doctor can arrive. 
 
 SPUNTS. 
 
 In case of a broken bone, if it is necessary to move the 
 patient some distance, some form of splint should be applied, and 
 
 463 
 
464 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 an improvised bandage of some kind used to hold the splint in 
 position. As stated under Fractures, splints may be made out 
 of narrow, light strips of boards, pieces of shingles, small sticks, 
 wisps of hay or grass, etc. 
 
 ASPHYXIA, or SUFFOCATION FROM GAS.— This 
 
 condition not infrequently occurs. The results, of course, depend 
 upon the amount of gas inhaled. The victim is often found in 
 an unconscious condition. The heart is weak, the pulse is feeble, 
 respiration is shallow and the surface is cold. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Fresh air is of the greatest importance in all cases of this 
 kind. Stimulants and artificial heat — something to increase the 
 vitality and physical power — are also needed. In some cases 
 there is frequent and persistent vomiting, so that remedies 
 given by the stomach may prove not only unsatisfactory, but 
 very uncertain. Artificial heat, however, may be applied with 
 benefit. Artificial respiration may also be needed, and may be 
 applied the same as directed under Drowning. A rectal injec- 
 tion of one quart of water as hot as can be borne is of benefit. If 
 the condition of the stomach will tolerate, give hot drinks and 
 stimulants. Remedies can be given with a hypodermic needle, 
 but this part of the treatment falls upon the doctor. However, 
 if a doctor is some distance away, the foregoing suggestions may 
 not only revive the patient, but place him out of danger before the 
 doctor arrives. 
 
 BLEEDING FROM INJURY.— Hemorrhage is one of 
 the most serious accidents that can occur. It is always a danger- 
 ous and troublesome complication for the doctor, and as the 
 sudden loss of a large amount of blood is liable to cause death, 
 every one should have some knowledge of the most efficient 
 means to prevent it. Hemorrhages may come from arteries, 
 veins, from a cut or torn surface, from the nose, stomach or 
 lungs. 
 
 The controlling of hemorrhage may be largely aided by 
 having the patient lie down and remain quiet, allowing the head 
 and shoulders to rest a little lower than the feet and the rest of 
 the body. In hemorrhage from a limb, keep the limb elevated. 
 In all cases of severe accident or hemorrhage a doctor should be 
 sent for at once. 
 
 Bleeding from an Artery. — Hemorrhage from a large artery 
 is always dangerous, and may be recognized by its bright red 
 color and by its coming in spurts, although the flow does not 
 entirely cease at any time. When arteries are cut or torn, they 
 
~""tg^ 
 
 
 
 2 
 
'ACCIDENTS AND BMBRGBNCIBS. 465 
 
 retract within the sheath which surrounds them, and this allows 
 greater opportunity for the blood to clot in the surrounding 
 tissues. The inner and middle coats also contract, and this aids 
 in forming a clot within the vessel itself. This contraction and 
 clotting is of little importance when large vessels are wounded. 
 When an artery is cut or torn, immediate pressure should be 
 made with the hands. If occurring in the arm above the elbow, 
 pressure should be made a little to the inner side of the front of 
 the arm along the inner border of the biceps muscle. This is the 
 line of the large artery which supplies the arm and hand. If 
 hemorrhage occurs below the elbow, pressure may be made along 
 the same line, or directly in front of the arm in the center of the 
 elbow. When hemorrhage occurs in the leg, if high up, it may 
 be controlled by making deep pressure in the center of the groin. 
 This will compress the large artery which supplies the leg. The 
 artery extends from that point downward toward the inner side 
 of the knee. Pressure may be made along this line. As it 
 extends down the leg this large artery gradually winds backward, 
 and at the knee joint is directly in the center of the back of the leg. 
 This point, or just above the knee, is the best place for checking 
 hemorrhage that may occur lower down in the leg or in the foot, 
 because at the knee joint the artery divides into two large branches. 
 Pressure is most satisfactorily controlled by tying a handkerchief 
 or some cloth about the limb, bringing the knot over the line of the 
 artery and twisting the bandage with a stick. This is the only 
 way in which success may be attained from the groin to the knee, 
 because the layers of muscles are so thick and the artery is placed 
 so deep that ordinary pressure with the hands would be of little 
 or no benefit. 
 
 Recommended Treatments. — 
 
 A. Perfect quiet, with constriction of the part by means of 
 a rubber band or cord. — (7). 
 
 B. Tie limb between body and injury and twist the ligature 
 until hemorrhage is checked. If about body, apply compress 
 soaked in Turpentine, and bandage firmly until skilled assistance 
 arrives. — (60). 
 
 C. Make out of cloth a pad larger than wound, place over 
 wound, tie in place with handkerchief or strap, and with a stick 
 twist till bleeding stops. Where no pad is handy, place knot of 
 handkerchief over wound instead. 
 
 Bleeding from the Nose.— Hemorrhage from the nose in 
 the great majority of cases is not dangerous, and quite serious 
 cases may be controlled by plugging the nose with cotton or a 
 soft cloth, In the more serious forms, however, this will not 
 
 30 
 
4 66 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 control the trouble. The very best means to control serious 
 hemorrhage from the nose is by giving T -J~g- of a grain of Atropine. 
 Repeat the dose in thirty minutes, and after that give once an 
 hour. Whenever the face becomes flushed and the skin red, or 
 should the pupil of the eye become widely dilated, this remedy 
 should be stopped. We have treated several cases of severe 
 hemorrhage from the nose and have never failed to control the 
 trouble with Atropine. In some cases we have used Glonoin and 
 Atropine together, giving T $- 7 of a grain of Glonoin with each 
 dose of Atropine. 
 
 Recommended Treatments. — 
 
 A. Peroxide of Hydrogen i ounce. 
 
 Water I 
 
 Mix. Put in an atomizer and spray the 
 nose, or snuff up the nose from the hand. — (48). 
 
 B. From whatever cause this occurs, it may generally be 
 stopped by putting a plug of lint into the nostrils. If this fails, 
 apply a cold bandage to forehead, raise the head and clasp the 
 hands underneath, so that the head will rest on both hands; 
 moisten the plug slightly and again apply. Or you can try the 
 simple remedies of snuffing salt and water or vinegar up the 
 nostrils. 
 
 C. Wear a bright silk ribbon ^ inch wide around the neck. 
 The nose will never bleed so long as it is worn there. 
 
 I have prescribed this for thirty years, and it has never failed 
 to prevent nosebleed. — (30). 
 
 D. Antipyrin 10 grains. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Make a solution and apply with a piece of cotton to bleeding 
 surface. If case is chronic, use internally Fluid Extract of 
 Ergot in 10-drop doses, diluted in a little water, every 3 hours. 
 
 -(23). 
 
 E. Take a piece of fat hog bacon just the size of the nostril, 
 push it as far back as it can be pushed and let the patient hold a 
 lump of ice in his mouth. The piece of bacon must be salty and 
 three inches long. Have never known it to fail. — (20). 
 
 F. Elevate arms over head until hands meet and hold them 
 there. Head must be elevated. Do not stoop over. Cold to 
 bridge of nose and cold to upper part of spine. — (35). 
 
 Bleeding from Small Cuts or injuries may be stopped by 
 cold water or ice, or pressure, until clot has had time to form. 
 Or a bandage applied and kept wet with distilled Witch Hazel is 
 excellent, 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 467 
 
 Bleeding from the Teeth arising from extraction: Cut a 
 piece of clean, dry sponge, cone-shaped; compress tightly and 
 put into cavity left by tooth. 
 
 Bleeding from the Lungs. — (See under Hemorrhage in 
 Department I). 
 
 Bleeding from the Stomach. — (See under Hemorrhage 
 in Department I). 
 
 Bleeding from the Bowels. — (See under Hemorrhage in 
 Department I). 
 
 BLOWS over heart or lungs, or any important organ, are 
 serious. Where patient has fainted, administer brandy frequently 
 in small doses; rub spine with liniment. 
 
 BONES, BROKEN.— (See Fractures). 
 
 BRUISE. — An injury to the flesh caused by violent contact 
 with a hard surface, as from a blow. 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. If a severe bruise, as from the blow of a hammer or a 
 
 horse stepping on the foot, as soon as possible put the bruised 
 
 part into cold water, notwithstanding it will cause an increase of 
 
 pain. Keep it in the water for five or ten minutes, then 
 
 take it out, dry, and put on freely any mild liniment for the 
 
 same length of time. After a few minutes place it again in 
 
 the water and repeat the application of liniment. The same 
 
 treatment may be repeated three or four times during the first 
 
 day; afterwards apply the liniment only. If the bruise is large 
 
 and upon such parts as cannot be put into cold water, let cloths 
 
 be wrung out of cold water and laid upon it, and from time to 
 
 time apply freely a mild liniment. 
 
 Note. — The object of applying the cold is to contract the small vessels 
 and prevent inflammation. 
 
 B. Cold water applied constantly. — (6). 
 
 C. Dissolve a teaspoonful of Sugar of I^ead in a quart of 
 
 distilled Witch Hazel and keep the bruised part wet with it. — (4). 
 
 Note,— The advantage of applying Sugar of Lead and Witch Hazel 
 lies in the fact that both are astringent, hence tend to contract the small 
 vessels the same as the application of cold water, and perhaps to a greater 
 extent. 
 
 D. If the injury has resulted in breaking the skin and causing 
 
 an open wound. — Steep Wormwood, wet cloths with the solution 
 
 and lay over the bruised part; or apply the following ointment: 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Subnitrate of Bismuth 1 scruple. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Mix well and rub over the bruise twice a 
 day. 
 
468 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 BURNS AND SCALDS.— The danger arising from burns 
 will depend much upon the extent of the surface burned and the 
 depth of the injury — if very extensive and deep, the patient may 
 never rally ; or if flame to any considerable extent has been 
 drawn into the lungs, the probability is that the person cannot 
 be saved. The teaching is that where a burn covers one-third of 
 the surface, death is almost sure to follow. 
 
 The great danger from large burns is blood poisoning. All 
 the tissues destroyed soon commence to decompose and many 
 poisons are produced. These poisons are rapidly absorbed into 
 the circulation, and this produces a condition of blood poisoning 
 that may result fatally. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 What To Do. — In the case of a severe burn or scald, if nothing 
 else is at hand, apply cold water immediately and but little 
 inflammation will follow. In the case of a child being burned at 
 the table by spilling a cup of hot tea or coffee, do not wait to 
 remove his clothing, but dash cold water on at once. This will 
 prevent the hot clothing from burning deeper and protect the skin 
 at the 'same time. Lift the clothing and pour on more water, then 
 remove the clothing and apply cold water by wetting cloths and 
 laying over the surface. The cloths applied must be kept wet 
 without removing them. Cold milk is better than cold water, 
 because it is thicker and offers better protection. 
 
 To secure benefit from this treatment it must be applied 
 almost immediately — quickly enough to arrest the heat before 
 the skin has been destroyed. Otherwise it will not be so valua- 
 ble as Lime Water and Linseed Oil, baking Soda and other 
 recommended treatments. 
 
 A. For pain following burns and scalds nothing gives 
 greater relief than the application of cold sweet milk. This may 
 be applied on a cloth frequently changed, or, when possible, by 
 immersing the injured surface in a vessel containing the milk. 
 The application should be continued until there is freedom from 
 pain, and followed by dressings of some mild, soothing anti- 
 septic. — (i). 
 
 B. If burn is severe, cover surface with dry baking Soda 
 and bind lightly with a soft cloth. 
 
 C. Use equal parts of Lime Water and Linseed Oil. Apply 
 by saturating small pieces of cloth and laying over the burn. 
 Keep cloths wet by pouring on the solution. Do not take 
 dressing off every day. If blisters form, open at base so as to let 
 the fluid out. Do not make a large opening. After heat is out 
 dry Boracic Acid makes a good application. — (53). 
 
ACCIDENTS AND BMBRGBNCIES. 469 
 
 Note. — We have stated before that the smarting and burning were 
 caused by the destruction of the outer layer of the skin and exposure of the 
 deeper layer. The benefit derived from L,ime Water and Linseed Oil is pro- 
 duced as follows : The lime contained in Lime Water has a soothing effect 
 upon the deeper tissues, while the oil acts as a covering and excludes the 
 air. 
 
 D. Apply distilled Witch Hazel every few minutes. This 
 will stop all smarting, even in the case of a burn from hot grease. 
 
 E. Common washing Soda or cooking Soda, 3 tablespoon- 
 fuls to a pint of water. Apply freely. — (7). 
 
 F. If clothes stick to the flesh, do not tear them off, but flood 
 the part with Olive Oil ; where clothes do not stick, apply cloths 
 saturated with strong solution of baking Soda. 
 
 G. Apply white of eggs. 
 
 H. Lay on cloths wet in Olive Oil and Laudanum. Cloths 
 wet in Lime Water are also good. To heal burns, apply an oint- 
 ment made as follows: 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 Oxide of Zinc 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix thoroughly with caseknife, spread on 
 linen cloths and place over them. 
 
 I. In case of scalds, exclude the air at once with Soda and 
 Flour, covering the parts and keeping them covered. — (33). 
 
 CHOKING. — (See Foreign Bodies in Larynx, also 
 Foreign Bodies in (Esophagus). 
 
 COLLAPSE. — Collapse is an extreme and sudden prostra- 
 tion of the vital forces. 
 
 Symptoms. — Loss of consciousness, usually sudden, and 
 complete relaxation of the system. Breathing may be deep or 
 shallow. The pulse may be slow, full and strong, or rapid, 
 small and weak. The pupils may be dilated or contracted, and 
 the face may be flushed or pale. 
 
 Causes. — These variations are produced by the various effects 
 on the brain, and may result from an excessive use of intoxica- 
 ting liquors, from opium, concussion, fractures of the skull, 
 apoplexy, ursemic poisoning, etc. If a man is found in an 
 unconscious condition, a distinction should be made if possible. 
 The most frequent causes are severe accidents or following 
 operations. 
 
 Treatments.— 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — The treatment of these 
 conditions consists of stimulants to overcome the weakened 
 condition of the heart and lowered vitality of the patient. The 
 
470 PA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 sluggish circulation must be aroused. Drugs for this purpose, 
 such as Digitalis, Strychnine, Glonoin, etc., would have to be 
 administered by a physician, but if he is delayed in coming, and 
 especially if he is some distance away, the following suggestions 
 carried out may place the patient out of danger before he arrives. 
 
 First place the patient in a comfortable position and give an 
 abundance of fresh air. Apply artificial heat externally. Bottles 
 or jugs filled with boiling water should be placed around him, 
 and an abundance of covering should be used. This aids in 
 bringing the blood to the surface and improves the circulation. 
 Also inject into the rectum a pint of strong coffee as hot as can 
 be borne. The foot of the bed should be raised so that the head 
 and shoulders are lower than the hips. If the patient can 
 swallow, give hot drinks. 
 
 If the patient could be placed in a warm bath and the 
 temperature gradually raised until the water was quite hot, it 
 would relieve the necessity of much of the foregoing treatment. 
 
 A. In almost all cases of collapse the surface is cold, the 
 circulation is feeble and respiration is weak, and the treatment, 
 almost without exception, is stimulants and artificial heat. 
 In a state of collapse the patient may not always be able 
 to swallow, but artificial heat can be applied with advantage in 
 every case where the surface is cold. In collapse from sunstroke 
 (see Sunstroke), the treatment is radically different. 
 
 B. Apply Ammonia to nostrils on a handkerchief, so it will 
 not be poured into nose by accident. Give a little brandy sling 
 and apply artificial heat. As improvement occurs, give cup of 
 hot beef tea or hot milk. — (14). 
 
 C. Keep patient perfectly quiet. Apply warm flannel to 
 extremities. If patient can swallow, give strong coffee. 
 
 If due to hemorrhage, keep head low and stop flow of blood. 
 
 -(13). 
 
 Collapse may Occur from Various Causes, a number of 
 which are enumerated below. It should be remembered that the 
 symptoms of the various conditions are similar, and it is often 
 extremely difficult to differentiate. However, in most cases the 
 previous history of the patient will aid materially in clearing up 
 the doubt. 
 
 From Injury, or Intoxication. — Examine carefully for any 
 injury. Alcohol is noticeable in the breath, yet a man may be 
 stricken with apoplexy while drunk, or may fracture the skull 
 by falling while under the influence of opium or alcohol. 
 Again, one drink may give the smell of alcohol, but one drink 
 will not produce collapse; so the smell of alcohol is uncertain. 
 If it is alcoholic stupor, steady and firm pressure against the 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 471 
 
 arched surface just beneath the eyebrows, to the nasal side 
 (towards the nose) of the center, will arouse temporary 
 consciousness. 
 
 From Epilepsy, or Uraemia. — In coma following epilepsy, 
 the temperature is normal and the patient can be aroused. In 
 uraemic poisoning, the temperature is below normal at first, and 
 there are usually convulsions, dropsy and albuminaria. Examine 
 the urine if the conveniences are at hand. In uraemic stupor the 
 breathing is sharp and the pupils dilated. See Epilepsy or 
 Uremia. 
 
 From Apoplexy. — The breathing is slow and noisy, pulse 
 strong and slow, face flushed, the arteries of the neck are throb- 
 bing, the pupils are uninfluenced by light, the paralyzed cheek is 
 drawn to one side, and is usually drawn in and puffed out with 
 each breath, and the temperature, which is at first below normal, 
 rises later on. See treatment for Apoplexy. 
 
 From Opium. — The pupils are contracted to a pin point, 
 breathing is shallow, there is no paralysis, and unconsciousness 
 comes on gradually. If enough opium has been taken to produce 
 unconsciousness, it is an indication of opium poisoning. See 
 treatment under Poisons, Antidotes and Treatments. It is 
 sometimes impossible to distinguish between opium poisoning and 
 apoplexy. 
 
 From Concussion of the Brain. — There is complete 
 muscular relaxation, the skin is pale and cold, the pulse quick 
 and small, breathing is shallow and the temperature is below 
 normal. Concussion sufficient to produce unconsciousness may 
 be looked upon as serious as there is always liable to be more or 
 less laceration of the brain substance. See treatment for 
 Concussion of the Brain. 
 
 From Compression of the Brain, as from a fractured skull, 
 there is unconsciousness. The skin is hot, the breathing slow 
 and noisy, both cheeks may be drawn in and puffed out with each 
 respiration, the pulse is slow and full, and the pupils are dilated 
 and do not respond to light. 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Place the patient in a 
 comfortable position. If it is very hot, place him in the shade; 
 if it is cold, place where warm. Send for a doctor. While 
 waiting, hold Ammonia to the nose occasionally, bathe the face 
 with a little Whiskey or Alcohol in water, and, if he can swallow, 
 give hot drinks — sling, or something of the kind. 
 
 From Hemorrhage. — In all cases maintain absolute quiet. 
 If from an extremity, as a leg or arm, keep the limb elevated and 
 proceed as directed under Bleeding from Injury; if the 
 hemorrhage is from the body, stop the flow of blood by making 
 
472 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 pressure with a handkerchief or other soft cloth. If the patient 
 grows weak, give stimulants, as hot Whisky sling; or even hot 
 water will improve the strength and vitality. 
 
 If the case is desperate, as following the loss of a large 
 amount of blood, the doctor may give an injection of salt solution 
 in the following manner: 
 
 Add % teaspoonful of common salt to i pint of warm water. 
 Place in a fountain syringe, attach a long hollow needle to the 
 tube of the syringe, lift up the skin from the abdominal cavity, 
 insert the needle and allow the salt solution to penetrate the 
 tissues. The needle may be partially withdrawn occasionally 
 and inserted in another direction. In this way more of the fluid 
 can be used. In female patients the breast is the most successful 
 place to inject the salt solution. This injection increases the 
 blood pressure, and this calls for increased heart action; in a 
 word, it is a heart stimulant. This is especially valuable where 
 there has been much hemorrhage, as the salt solution takes the 
 place of the blood that has been lost. It is well known that 
 following severe hemorrhage the heart action can be temporarily 
 maintained on a normal salt solution. Nature will not maintain 
 her forces without a purpose. If a large amount of blood has 
 been lost, the heart action is correspondingly weakened because 
 there is little work for it to do. If the normal amount of fluid 
 can be replaced, the heart action immediately improves to meet 
 the extra demands made upon it, and for a time the artificial fluid 
 injected is successful in maintaining vitality. More than i pint 
 of salt solution can be injected. 
 
 CONTUSIONS. — A contusion means a bruise. See 
 Bruisks. 
 
 CRUSHED LIMBS.— What to Do till the Doctor Conies.— 
 Fingers and Toes should be carefully modeled into shape, laid on 
 a small splint, and dressed with soft white cloth soaked in cold or 
 hot water. 
 
 Hands and Feet. — Wrap in something soft and warm. Use 
 cold only when bleeding is profuse. I^ay the patient down and 
 keep the injured member elevated. This is especially important 
 if there is much bleeding. If there is no hemorrhage, keeping it 
 elevated will tend to prevent swelling. 
 
 Arms and Legs. — Treat as for hands or feet. Do not remove 
 clothing except to cut away, and replace by warm covering. 
 
 DISLOCATIONS. — Dislocation is abnormal displacement 
 of one bone with another. It may be partial or complete. Dis- 
 locations are generally the result of accident, but may result 
 from disease where the ligaments and other structures are relaxed 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 473 
 
 or destroyed. Where the skin remains unbroken, it is called 
 Simple Dislocation; where the tissues are injured and the wound 
 reaches the surface and breaks through the skin, it is called Com- 
 pound Dislocation; when besides the dislocation there is fracture 
 of a bone and rupture of an important artery, it is termed Com- 
 plicated Dislocation. Dislocations are rare in infancy and in old 
 age, because in infancy the bones are very flexible and yield to 
 violence, and in old age they are more brittle and fracture easily. 
 A dislocation may be mistaken for a fracture (see Fractures). 
 Dislocations of the ankle or knee may be forward, backward, 
 inward or outward. Dislocations of the hip may be upward and 
 downward, upward and forward or upward and backward. Dis- 
 locations of the elbow may include both bones of the fore- arm, or 
 only one bone. The under iaw can only be displaced forward. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment for dislocation of the under jaw is to place the 
 patient's head against the back of a chair, wrap your thumbs 
 with a clean handkerchief or soft cloth, stand in front of him, 
 place your thumbs on the lower double teeth, press quickly and 
 firmly downward and backward, and at the same time raise his 
 chin. This is usually effectual. 
 
 In dislocation of the thumb or a finger, make a loop of soft 
 cloth and pass over it. Pull in the same line as the thumb, or 
 finger. The sensation as well as the sound will indicate when 
 the bone has been replaced; also the natural appearance of the 
 joint will indicate that the dislocation has been overcome. 
 
 Dislocations of other joints always require the services of a 
 doctor, hence will be spoken of only in a general way. They 
 generally require extension by force until the contraction of the 
 muscles are overcome, when the bone may be replaced in its 
 proper position. While waiting for the doctor, make the patient 
 as comfortable as possible, as directed under Fractures. 
 
 DROWNING— Treatments — 
 
 A. Loosen clothing, if any; wipe dry; wedge mouth open 
 and keep open. Empty the body of water by laying it on its 
 stomach and lifting by the middle, so that the head hangs down; 
 also jerk the body a few times, and continue this treatment as 
 long as water flows from the mouth. After water has been got 
 rid of, turn patient on back, placing him on level ground, and 
 keep mouth wedged as before. Now place the left forefinger 
 on tongue to keep it in place, and with right hand press upon the 
 abdomen, making the pressure toward the back and head of 
 patient; press gently at first, but increase the pressure until as 
 much air as possible has been forced out of the chest, and then 
 
474 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 withdraw the hand so that the lungs may fill. Repeat these 
 movements, at first making them eight or ten times a minute, then 
 increasing to twelve or fifteen a minute. This is Satterthwaite's 
 method. Where there are several persons to assist, Sylvester's 
 method may be used in addition. The arms should be pressed 
 upon the chest at the same time that the abdomen is pressed upon, 
 and when the hand is withdrawn from the abdomen the arms 
 should be brought up by the side of the head. Do not give up. 
 People have been saved after hours of patient effort. When 
 breathing begins, wrap patient warmly, rub limbs and body 
 briskly, and give warm drink, or brandy in small doses at first — 
 teaspoonful at a time. 
 
 B. If a barrel, keg or anything of that kind is at hand, lay 
 the person on it, face downward, and roll him forwards and back- 
 wards, keeping the head low to force out the water. If nothing 
 of that kind is at hand, take him by the heels and hold him up, 
 and give the body several light jerks. After the water is all out 
 of the lungs, place the patient on his back and work the arms 
 up by the side of the body, above the head and down again as if 
 you were working a pump. When the arms are brought down, 
 press the hands firmly against the chest to expel the air; when 
 the arms are raised, the lungs are allowed to fill. Keep the 
 patient in a horizontal position and repeat the movements reg- 
 ularly and slowly — fifteen to eighteen times a minute. After he 
 has rallied and is breathing, give a little hot Brandy sling, if he 
 is able to swallow it. Also apply artificial heat, as this will bring 
 the blood to the surface and aid in improving the circulation. 
 
 C. Get patient out of water as soon as possible and turn him 
 on face. Stand astride him with your face towards his head. Put 
 your hands under middle of body and raise it up so his head will 
 be down, so that the water will run out of his lungs. Hold him 
 as long as water runs, then let him down and pick him up 
 again. Shake him till all the water is out of' the lungs, then 
 turn him on his back and go to his head. Seize his arms below 
 the elbows, bring them out at right angles with his body and up 
 over his head, and back again, working them back and forth in this 
 way; and every time they are brought down, press firmly against 
 the chest. These movements should be slow and regular. — (13). 
 
 EAR, THINGS IN. — Seeds or grain, sand, a pea, bead, 
 small button, and many other articles, may become lodged at the 
 inner end of the canal which forms the external ear. In giving 
 a description of this canal (see Ear and Its Diseases, Depart- 
 ment I) it will be remembered that we stated it is not straight, 
 but somewhat curved, and that the inner part extends downward. 
 By taking hold of the external ear and lifting it upwards and a 
 
ACCIDBNTS AND EMERGENCIES. 475 
 
 little backwards, the canal may be partially straightened and its 
 termination be brought into view. While holding the ear in this 
 position the objects mentioned, or various other articles which 
 may have found their way into the canal, may often be grasped 
 with a pair of tweezers or forceps and removed. Washing out 
 the ear with warm water and a small syringe will often succeed 
 in removing foreign bodies. If these means fail, the end of a 
 match or toothpick may be covered with wax or a little glue, 
 when by carefully pressing against the object it may adhere and 
 be drawn out by this means. Sometimes it is necessary to 
 secure the services of a doctor. 
 
 EYEBALL, INJURIES TO. — Serious injury always 
 requires the services of a doctor at once. Place a cold wet cloth 
 over the eye till he comes. There are many slight injuries where 
 the eyeball may become only slightly inflamed and a little sore. 
 In these cases keep the eye from the light; if necessary, keep it 
 bandaged for a few days, or wear colored glasses, and use any of 
 the Eye Waters recommended (see Index). If a foreign body 
 becomes lodged against the eyeball, see Foreign Bodies in the 
 Eye. 
 
 BLACK EYE. — A blow over or near the eye is liable to 
 result in discoloration and swelling. For this condition various 
 methods of treatment are used. Years ago it was customary to 
 apply leeches, and perhaps that practice is still followed by some. 
 Others recommend binding on a small piece of raw beefsteak. A 
 good application, and one that can be quickly and easily applied, 
 is to wet a small piece of cotton or a small piece of soft cloth with 
 Listerine and apply over the injured surface, keeping the cloth 
 wet with it. 
 
 EYE, THINGS IN.— (See Foreign Bodies in the Eye). 
 
 FAINTING— INSENSIBILITY.— Where patient is par- 
 tially conscious, give stimulants. Ammonia or Cologne Water 
 may be inhaled. Sprinkle cold water in face, loosen clothing, 
 place in recumbent position and introduce fresh air into the room. 
 No violent measures should be used to arouse a patient who may 
 or may not be insensible. In all cases of apparent insensibility 
 the attendants should be careful as to what they say within hear- 
 ring, for while the patient can neither speak nor move, he may 
 be perfectly conscious of what is passing around him, and the 
 effort to speak may do him great injury; or unfavorable remarks 
 from bystanders would naturally prove detrimental . 
 
 See also Fainting in Department I. 
 
476 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 FALLS. — If one has had a severe fall and is wholly or par- 
 tially conscious, move as little as possible in case of broken bones. 
 Place in comfortable position, loosen clothes carefully and apply 
 restoratives. If bones are broken, see Fractures. 
 
 FIRE IN ONE'S CLOTHING.— Don't allow the victim 
 out of doors or in draught. Roll him in carpet, rug, coat, 
 cloak, quilt, or any convenient wrap. Leave only the head out 
 for breathing. Prevent inhaling the flames. 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES— Steel, etc., IN THE EYE.— 
 
 When a small piece of steel, stone or other hard substance strikes 
 the eyeball, it may and usually does become so firmly adherent 
 that it is removed with difficulty. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The best way to manage these cases is to dissolve from 2 to 
 4 grains of Muriate of Cocaine in a drachm of water. Drop a 
 little into the eye every two or three minutes until sensibility is 
 relieved, and then with a sharp-pointed instrument dislodge the 
 foreign body. It may be necessary to turn the lid upward in 
 order to expose the cause of the trouble. To relieve the inflam- 
 mation and soreness that is occasioned, mix the following: 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc 1 grain. 
 
 Morphine 2 " 
 
 Boric Acid 20 " 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Drop this into the eye from four to six times 
 a day. 
 
 If there is much swelling and inflammation, the patient 
 should remain in the house and keep either hot or cold packs 
 over the eye. Dissolve 2 drachms of Boric Acid in 8 ounces of 
 water. Saturate a small cloth or piece of cotton, place it over 
 the eye and keep it wet with this solution. 
 
 Sometimes a small body may become lodged under the lid 
 and it is impossible to discover it. Such cases may often be 
 relieved in the following manner: Add a teaspoonful of whole 
 clean Flaxseed to 1 ounce of water, stir frequently until a muci- 
 lage is formed, raise the eyelid and drop in as much as the eye 
 will hold, allowing it to float around under the lid. By reason 
 of its density the mucilage in coming in contact with the foreign 
 body carries it along with it, and eventually the eye is freed from 
 it. Whole Flaxseed is sometimes placed under the lid and the 
 result is the same. The seeds are so smooth and oily that they 
 cause no friction or irritation, and in coming in contact with the 
 foreign body they dislodge it. 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 
 
 477 
 
 As a rule dirt or a cinder may be seen and easily removed 
 with a clean silk handkerchief wrapped around the end of a lead 
 pencil. Or, close the eye for a few minutes, allow tears to accu- 
 mulate, roll the eyeball inward, and blow the nose on that side. 
 This is sometimes all that is necessary. 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE LARYNX. — Foreign 
 bodies, such as coins, buttons, small nails, pieces of bone or pieces 
 of meat may become lodged in the larynx or windpipe. With chil- 
 dren it is more apt to be peas, beans, cherry stones, small corks 
 or carpet tacks. This makes little difference, however, as the 
 result is the same in all cases. 
 
 Symptoms. — Violent coughing, strangling, and a feeling of 
 suffocation with cyanosis, that is, the face becoming blue. If the 
 foreign body is large, the struggle is desperate. If not quickly 
 dislodged, the symptoms may become less violent, but the suffer- 
 ing is great, and unless the body is removed death soon results. 
 Sometimes it is possible to locate the body from audible gurgling 
 sounds, which correspond to the respiration. Where the body is 
 not removed, inflammation followed by redness on the surface 
 may point to its exact location. Should the substance be 
 carried into the lungs, pneumonia might follow or an abscess 
 result. If it was confined to the upper part of the air passage, 
 adhesions might form with other surrounding structures; but 
 unless the body is removed, death usually occurs before this has 
 had time to take place. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 First give an active emetic. Ipecac — the powder, syrup or 
 fluid extract of — is always safe for this purpose, and especially 
 with children. When the patient vomits, the head should be 
 placed low. While the treatment may seem a little severe, if 
 during vomiting the patient was held by his feet with the head 
 down, and given several light jerks, the probabilities of dislodg- 
 ing the foreign body would be greatly increased. Inverting the 
 patient as described and giving the body several jerks should be 
 tried without the emetic, if the latter is not at hand. If these 
 means fail, surgical interference will be called for. An opening 
 should be made into the trachea, and, if possible, the body 
 located and removed, and the wound closed. This operation is 
 called tracheotomy. 
 
 FOREIGN BODIES IN THE (ESOPHAGUS.— Coins, 
 buttons, chicken bones, and other foreign bodies sometimes find 
 their way into this tube, which leads from the throat into the 
 stomach. The smallest part of the tube is at the beginning. The 
 
478 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 next smallest diameter is at its junction with the stomach. 
 Foreign bodies which get into the oesophagus usually pass into 
 the stomach without difficulty. Should they lodge, the symp- 
 toms would correspond to the size and shape of the article, what- 
 ever it might be. If it had sharp angles, there would be stinging 
 pain; if it was large and smooth, there would be dull pain, less 
 acute. If the body was large, it might cause difficulty in breath- 
 ing, although this symptom would be limited. Besides interfer- 
 ing with swallowing, the danger of a foreign body in the 
 oesophagus would be its liability to set up inflammation. Inflam- 
 mation might result in adhesion to the surrounding parts, and 
 ulceration might penetrate into the trachea, or windpipe, into the 
 pleural cavity, into the sac which surrounds the heart, or into 
 the aorta, the large blood vessel which passes from the heart 
 through the chest cavity. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If a doctor is not immediately at hand, give an emetic. 
 Vomiting is one of the safest, and in many cases one of the surest 
 means of removing the trouble. A doctor may take a pair of 
 long, smooth, curved forceps and endeavor to grasp the body and 
 bring it out; or, if unable to draw it out, push it into the stom- 
 ach. If all other means fail and the case becomes serious, the 
 oesophagus must be opened, the body removed and the wound 
 closed up. 
 
 FRACTURES. — By fracture is meant the breaking of a 
 bone. This is usually the result of external force. However, it 
 may, and sometimes does result from muscular action. The 
 term fracture is also applied to the breaking of cartilage or 
 tendons. Fractures may be complete, i. e. } entirely through 
 the bone, or incomplete. Iyong bones sometimes split lengthwise 
 for a longer or a shorter distance. A Complicated Fracture includes 
 injury to the surrounding tissues. It may extend to a joint, or 
 important arteries or other structures may be included. Com- 
 pound Fracture is so called when the broken ends of the bone 
 project through the skin. Impacted Fracture is a term applied to 
 fracture when the broken ends of the bones are driven into each 
 other. This may happen in fracture of one of the bones of the 
 leg from falling heavily and striking on the feet. When the bone 
 is badly shattered or crushed, it is called comminuted. Bones may 
 be fractured easily as a result of disease. 
 
 Diagnosis. — A fracture may be distinguished from a disloca- 
 tion by the free and unnatural movement. In dislocation the 
 limb is fixed or rigid. In fracture the ends of the bone may 
 usually be felt grating on each other; in dislocation they cannot. 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 479 
 
 Try to rotate a fractured bone and only a part of it moves; in 
 dislocation it moves as one piece. In fracture near the ends of 
 the bones the head remains in position; in dislocation the head 
 of the bone is out of the socket and appears in a new position. 
 In many cases of fracture slight movement will cause the 
 broken ends of the bones to produce a chucking sound which 
 may be heard for some distance. There may be shortening from 
 either dislocation or fracture, or fracture and dislocation may 
 occur together. Fracture with impaction, i. e. , where the ends 
 of the bone are driven together, is extremely difficult to diagnose. 
 More or less swelling follows fracture, and when this becomes 
 extensive, diagnosis may also be difficult. In a severe bruise 
 the pain is diffused; in fracture it is largely confined to the point 
 where the bone is broken. Many forms of injury may include 
 injury to the nerve supplying the part to such an extent as to 
 cause loss of motion, hence this symptom, i. e. y loss of power to 
 move a limb, may be of little value in a case of suspected frac- 
 ture. The collar bone is the one most frequently broken. Next 
 come those of the arm or leg, the ribs and kneecap. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — At the present day, 
 even out in the country, the services of a doctor can be secured 
 in a very short time — in an hour or two — and any efforts to 
 relieve the patient are but temporary. 
 
 Fracture of the Collar Bone. — In fracture of the collar 
 bone the shoulder of the injured side is lower. It is also drawn 
 forward and inward. When the bone is separated, the outer end 
 of the inner fragment is drawn upward and overlaps the outer 
 fragment. When not separated, the finger can detect some 
 irregularity at the point of fracture. The pain is mostly located 
 at the same point. The patient supports the arm of the injured 
 side by the sound arm and hand as this relieves the pain. The 
 head leans toward the injured shoulder as this relaxes the 
 muscular tension and also aids in relieving pain. 
 
 If out in the field or in the woods and the collar bone is 
 broken, take whatever is most convenient for a sling. Place it 
 beneath the elbow of the arm on the injured side, draw the 
 shoulder well up and backwards and tie the support over the 
 sound shoulder, allowing the palm of the hand on the injured 
 side to rest upon the breast of the sound side. The patient can 
 walk to the house. 
 
 Fracture of the Ribs. — Place the patient in bed or on a 
 couch and have a cuspidor within reach so that the expectora- 
 tions may be noted by the physician. The object of this is tq 
 
4 8o FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 detect any blood that may be present in the sputum. Blood 
 would indicate internal injuries. It would indicate that the 
 lung had been perforated, and that blood had followed the wound 
 into the air cells and tubes and was being eliminated by this 
 route. Injury of this kind would, of course, indicate a serious 
 condition. 
 
 Fracture of the Arm. — If the arm is broken, secure some 
 light material, such as a thin piece of board, a shingle, or a small 
 stick with the two sides flattened, to use for a splint. In the 
 absence of anything else ; tall grass or a handful of hay equally 
 distributed over the inner side of the splint will answer for a 
 temporary dressing, or the hay or grass may be used for a splint. 
 Whatever is used should be bound on reasonably tight. Regard- 
 ing the bandage, it is only necessary to say that whatever is most 
 convenient should be used for this purpose. 
 
 If the arm is broken below the elbow, after applying the 
 bandage the arm should be flexed (bent) at the elbow joint and 
 supported by a sling until the patient can reach home. 
 
 Fracture of the Leg. — In the case of broken leg the same 
 means should be used for bandaging, but in this case the patient 
 cannot walk, hence some means of conveyance must be provided. 
 The most convenient is a stretcher made by securing a blanket to 
 two sticks and placing the patient thereon. The injured limb 
 should be handled with care and maintained in a uniform position 
 as nearly as possible. In nearly every case of this kind convey- 
 ance can be made with a team and wagon, but a stretcher is 
 preferable because there is less jolting and less pain. 
 
 In cases of fracture with large swelling, neither tight band- 
 aging nor cold should be applied for any length of time, as gangrene 
 might result. 
 
 Fracture of the Kneecap. — The kneecap is a small, flat- 
 tened, triangular bone situated in the front of the knee joint. 
 The outer surface is slightly oval, the inner surface is concave. 
 It is enclosed in an expansion of the tendons of the muscles of the 
 front of the thigh, that is, those extending from the hip to the 
 knee. After enclosing the kneecap, the tendon continues down- 
 ward and is attached to a small prominence on the tibia, or shin 
 bone. The muscles mentioned are called the extensors because 
 they are the ones called into action in extending the limb. 
 
 Fracture of this bone is usually the result of external 
 violence. It is said also to result sometimes from violent 
 muscular action. Sometimes the tissues over the kneecap become 
 swollen and the bursa (See Bursa, Enlarged) becomes consid- 
 erably distended by an excess of fluid. This is called Housemaid' s 
 Knee, so-called because this condition is most frequently met in 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 481 
 
 women who work on their knees scrubbing floors, etc. The 
 same condition over the bursa situated at the back of the elbow 
 is sometimes called Miner' 's Elbow, and results from pressure of 
 the elbow against the rocks while using the pick and shovel. 
 
 Symptoms. — When the kneecap is fractured, the parts are 
 widely separated and may be easily detected by the fingers. 
 The symptoms of housemaid's knee are enlargement and swelling. 
 In case of housemaid's knee an abscess may follow. The 
 symptoms of abscess are those of abscess elsewhere. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Fracture of the kneecap requires the services of a doctor. 
 Where there is swelling and enlargement from pressure, as in the 
 case of Housemaid 1 s Knee, it seems needless to state that the 
 patient must keep off her knees. If an abscess forms, it should 
 be opened at once. 
 
 Fracture of the Spinal Column. — It will be remembered 
 that the spinal cord is situated in a canal within the spinal 
 column, therefore occupies a protected position and is seldom 
 exposed or injured. The spinal column is composed of many 
 small bones united together. They are arranged in three groups 
 resembling three short columns, the neck, back, and small of the 
 back including the portion between the hips. This renders the 
 whole structure less liable to injury, because it requires greater 
 force to fracture or dislocate a short column than a long one. 
 Again, the layer of cartilage which is placed between the bones 
 forming the spinal column acts as a cushion to aid in preventing 
 jar or injury. If a man should fall some distance and his back 
 should be doubled over some prominence, undoubtedly the 
 spinal column would sustain either fracture or dislocation, 
 although dislocation would be most liable to occur. In disloca- 
 tion one bone is driven forward on another, and if such displace- 
 ment was carried far enough, the spinal cord would be 
 compressed between the two. 
 
 That part of the spinal column most liable to iniury is at or 
 just above the small of the back, because that is nearest the 
 center. The second most frequent point liable to ir»jury would 
 be the lower part of the neck where it joins the more fixed part 
 of the spinal column between the shoulders. The v hird most 
 frequent point would be at the junction of the neck and head, 
 because the bones forming the spinal column situated r\ the neck 
 are more freely movable. The upper ones, called the atlas and 
 axis, are the most liable to injury or displacement f )m blows, 
 applied to the head. 
 
 31 
 
482 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 In case of fracture or dislocation of the spinal column we 
 know of no form of treatment that insures satisfactory results. 
 Perhaps the extension method is the best, but even that is liable 
 to fail. 
 
 FREEZING. — The part should be restored by rubbing with 
 snow or cold water until the white color has been replaced by the 
 natural color and pain is felt; then apply Olive Oil. For general 
 freezing, rub with cold applications in a cold room that is 
 gradually warmed. When patient is able to swallow, give stimu- 
 lants and hot drinks, cover warmly and allow to rest. 
 
 FROSTBITE.— (See Chii,bi,ains in Department I). 
 
 HEAT-STROKE. — This is an exhaustion due to excess- 
 ive heat. A subject of heat exhaustion usually becomes uncon- 
 scious. This may occur suddenly and be accompanied with 
 tremors or convulsions, but as a usual thing unconsciousness is 
 preceded by dizziness or vertigo. The surface remains cool and 
 the breathing is natural, but the pulse is so feeble as to be almost 
 imperceptible. 
 
 SUNSTROKE. — There is usually no warning in a case of 
 sunstroke. The subject of it becomes immediately unconscious, 
 falls in convulsions or is stricken with paralysis. The surface 
 instead of being cool, as in a case of Heat-stroke \ is hot and flushed, 
 the eyes are bloodshot, and the breathing either rapid and 
 shallow or slow and heavy. 
 
 The treatment in sunstroke as indicated by the above symp- 
 toms differs greatly from what is proper in a case of Heat- stroke. 
 
 Treatments . — 
 
 Heat-Stroke. — What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Treat- 
 ment should be prompt and administered on the spot, if possible; 
 that is, time should not be wasted in carrying the patient any 
 distance. Place him in a recumbent position, with the head low, 
 loosen the clothing and keep bystanders away so that air may 
 circulate freely about him. Give stimulants at once — whiskey 
 or brandy in small doses, say a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes. 
 If he is unable to swallow, inject two or three tablespoonfuls of 
 brandy into the rectum. Bathe the temples in Camphor and 
 apply Hartshorn to the nostrils. 
 
 A. If surface is hot and burning, strip and sprinkle freely 
 with cold water. If surface is cold and clammy and pulse weak, 
 give stimulants and an enema of hot salt solution. — (60). 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 483 
 
 Sunstroke. — What to Do Till the Doctor Comes. — Keep 
 wrapped in sheets wet with cold water. Keep head elevated. 
 Get a doctor as quickly as possible. 
 
 A. Ice bags to the head, and even an ice pack for the whole 
 body if the case is a very bad one. 
 
 For internal treatment: 
 
 Bromide of Potash 2 drachms. 
 
 Fluid Extract Ergot 2 " 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful in % glass of water 
 every three hours. 
 
 B. Cold water and ice to the head. I^ow diet. Perfect 
 quiet in a cool place. — (7). 
 
 C. Horizontal position. Cool place. Sponge* with cool 
 water. — (17). 
 
 NOSE, THINGS IN. — Sometimes small children force 
 buttons, peas, small corks or various other articles into one of 
 the nasal cavities. They may be pressed so high up that their 
 removal is difficult. In our experience in cases of this kind 
 we have always succeeded by the following method: Make a 
 short, sharp bend at the end of a small probe, insert the probe 
 until it touches the foreign body, press the probe to one side and 
 forcibly insert it past the body, then turn the probe so that the 
 hook will be directed toward the center of the cavity, draw down 
 on it, and the object will be brought down with it. 
 
 SCALDS.— (See under Burns). 
 
 SHOCK. — When from accident or other cause there is great 
 prostration of the vital forces, the condition is often spoken of as 
 shock. 
 
 Cause. — Violent collision with other bodies, or the concussion 
 caused by them. A sudden striking together, or against some- 
 thing firm and resistant, would produce shock. It is well known 
 that a blow over the ''pit" of the stomach may cause death 
 without leaving any visible signs of injury. It is claimed that 
 occasionally life is destroyed by sudden and powerful mental 
 emotions, and we know personally that this may be true in those 
 suffering with heart disease. The cause of all forms of shock is 
 the sudden arrest of heart action due to violent disturbance of 
 the nervous system. 
 
 Symptoms. — If the shock is a severe one, the symptoms are 
 extreme pallor, a cold, clammy skin, feeble pulse, pinched face, 
 dilated pupils, and bewilderment or loss of the mental faculties. In 
 
484 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 the milder forms of shock the patient may only be bewildered 
 and talk incoherently. Nausea and vomiting are frequently 
 associated with shock. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. If a severe shock is due to injury, the shock must be 
 treated first and the injury afterward. Artificial heat must be 
 applied at once — to the whole body, if possible. Also the rectal 
 injection of a quart of hot coffee, made stronger than for drinking 
 purposes, is one of the best means of stimulating the vital powers. 
 If the patient can swallow, stimulants should be given in small 
 quantities at short intervals. 
 
 B. If it results from loss of blood or from severe injury, place 
 patient in reclining posture with head lower than feet. If in 
 bed, raise the foot a little by placing bricks under bedposts. 
 Inject into the rectum 2 quarts of hot water into which has been 
 thrown 1 tablespoonful of common kitchen salt. Give two tea- 
 spoonfuls of Whiskey at intervals of fifteen minutes. — (49) . 
 
 C. Keep the patient quiet. Give Brandy or Whiskey. Put 
 hot bottles to the feet and limbs. — (20). 
 
 D. Give Whiskey — one or two doses of % ounce each. Put 
 hot water bottles to feet and limbs. — (41). 
 
 Electric Shock. — If insensible, strip off clothes, dash cold 
 water on chest with some force, or proceed with artificial 
 respiration as in drowning. 
 
 SNAKE BITES. — According to the researches of the 
 Smithsonian Institute it appears that only ten per cent of rattle- 
 snake bites are fatal, one per cent of copperheads, and no fatal 
 cases from moccasin bites. From this it would seem that snake 
 bites are not so fatal as generally supposed. It is believed the 
 results depend largely upon the condition of the blood of the 
 patient bitten. It is also believed by those who have made 
 observation and studied along this line that many deaths follow- 
 ing snake bites are due directly to fright. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of bites from all poisonous rep- 
 tiles are about the same — rapid swelling and severe pain. The 
 skin of the patient may assume a mottled appearance, and later 
 there may be spasms, stupor or unconsciousness. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. The same as that given under Hydrophobia. If the 
 bite is on an extremity, as the finger, hand or foot, apply a cord 
 tightly about the limb in order to shut off the circulation. It 
 would seem advisable to make several applications of this kind, 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 485 
 
 and in removing the constrictions first to remove the one nearest 
 the body, later the next one and so on. If there is prostration 
 of the vital forces, give stimulants. Whether Whiskey or other 
 popular remedies are used in these cases, it should be remembered 
 that active elimination is all-important as this relieves the 
 system of poison; hence the value of active cathartics and free 
 elimination by the skin. 
 
 Note. — As stated under BEE Stings, the small boy's application of black 
 mud is believed by many to be the best treatment in those cases, and from 
 our experience it is also equally valuable in snake bites. The following 
 occurrence would serve to demonstrate its value in wounds of this kind, and 
 also demonstrates the instinct of animals: 
 
 At a certain place on the banks of Pine Creek, in Pennsylvania, is a 
 ledge of rocks which contains, or a few years ago contained, an immense 
 number of rattlesnakes. While hunting near this vicinity one day we sud- 
 denly heard the yelp of our faithful dog "Tige." This was followed in rapid 
 succession by a number of short, sharp barks. Hurrying to the scene we 
 found the dog surrounded by a number of rattlesnakes which bit him in 
 many places. Suddenly the dog disappeared and we were unable to find 
 him for several hours. We finally discovered him on the bank of the creek 
 nearly buried in soft mud. He suffered no inconvenience and gave no evi- 
 dence whatever of his late exciting encounter with the rattlers. 
 
 B. Echinacea given in full doses every one or two hours is 
 said to be a positive cure for the bite and sting of all poisonous 
 reptiles and insects. — (30). 
 
 C. Suck the wound immediately, or cut it out. — (38). 
 
 D. Put 5 drops Tincture of Iodine in 2 /i glass of water. 
 Give a teaspoonf ul every quarter of an hour for three hours, then 
 at longer intervals as seems necessary. — (43). — Homeopathic. 
 
 SPRAINS. — A sprain is a sudden wrench caused by fall- 
 ing, slipping or stepping upon some loose object with the result 
 that a joint is injured or sprained. The ligaments which support 
 the joint are stretched and torn, or may be broken. The nerve 
 fibers and muscles are more or less injured. The muscles or 
 tendons may be injured or displaced. A sprain may be the result 
 of a self -reduced dislocation. The ankle, knee and elbow are the 
 joints most often sprained. The free movement of the hip joint 
 and shoulder joint renders them comparatively free from acci- 
 dent. If a joint is badly sprained, it is more liable to injury 
 afterwards; it does not regain its original strength for the reason 
 that the torn and displaced structures cannot be arranged or 
 replaced in their natural position. Ligaments may be torn loose 
 or separated and fail to unite, and the joint will be weakened in 
 proportion. 
 
486 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Sprains require immediate attention. The injured part 
 should be wrapped in flannels wrung out of hot water and 
 covered with a dry bandage. The limb should not be allowed to 
 hang down, but kept elevated to prevent swelling. 
 
 B. Sprains of the ankle or wrist, if seen immediately after 
 the injury, can best be treated by a simple bandage to the joint, 
 which is left in place 24 hours. After that the joint is supported 
 by a basket strapping of adhesive plaster. — (40). 
 
 C. Bathe parts well in hot water, afterwards bathe thor- 
 oughly with the following solution : Salt, 1 or 2 tablespoonfuls, 
 Vinegar, Alcohol and water of each enough to make one pint. 
 -(64). 
 
 D. Salt and the white of an egg applied forms a cast. — (37) 
 — Homeopathic. 
 
 E. Put the part at rest and apply hot applications. — (20). 
 
 STINGS. — Sometimes the result of bee stings, or the sting 
 of a single bee, is quite serious. However, death seldom follows 
 unless the individual is stung many times. 
 
 Symptoms. — In most cases the only symptom is a little 
 swelling, redness and pain. We have known those stung 
 several times to give no symptoms or evidence at all. There are 
 cases, however, where the results are radically different. The 
 symptoms in a well marked case are vomiting, purging, great 
 prostration and unconsciousness. For some distance around the 
 sting the skin becomes spotted. This condition may be present 
 all over the surface of the body and extremities. A bee sting on 
 the tongue may cause rapid and enormous swelling of that organ, 
 and swelling of the glottis to such an extent that in some cases it 
 is said to cause death. 
 
 We were once called to treat the case of a little girl twelve 
 years of age, who was stung only once. The bee lit on the little 
 girl's hair and stung her on the top of the head. Hither from 
 the result of the hair or from some other cause, the wound 
 appeared to be very slight, yet the child fell to the ground 
 unconscious, there was rapid swelling about the head, face 
 and eyes, also the hands and feet, and the whole surface of the 
 body became as spotted as an adder. We applied the treatment 
 given under "A," and it proved most successful. The spots and 
 swelling disappeared in a few hours. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. First remove the sting if it is present. The poison of a 
 bee sting is said to be acid in its reaction, and it necessarily 
 
ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCIES. 487 
 
 follows that any alkaline solution will neutralize the acid and 
 destroy the poison, therefore, if necessary, make a slight open- 
 ing in the skin with a sharp knife and apply Ammonia water or 
 a strong solution of baking Soda in water. Aside from this the 
 treatment would be largely symptomatic, i. e. y to treat whatever 
 symptoms appear. An active cathartic might be of benefit in 
 some cases. Stimulants might also be needed. 
 
 It is claimed that the small boy's application of black mud 
 for bee stings, insect and spider bites is the best treatment of 
 all. Just how this acts we are unable to say, neither does it 
 make any particular difference. It is results we are all after 
 rather than quibbling over a scientific diagnosis or the action of 
 remedies applied. See under Snake Bites. 
 
 B. Apply Aqua Ammonia or strong Saleratus water. — (32). 
 
 STRANGULATION.— See Foreign Bodies in Larynx, 
 also Foreign Bodies in CEsophagus) . 
 
 SUFFOCATION.— (See Asphyxia). 
 
 SUNSTROKE.— (See under Heat-Stroke). 
 
 THROAT, THINGS IN.— See Foreign Bodies in CEso- 
 phagus). 
 
 WINDPIPE, THINGS IN.— ( See Foreign Bodies in 
 
 IyARYNX). 
 
 WOUNDS. — Wounds are injuries due to external mechan- 
 ical force. Wounds are divided as follows: 
 
 Open Wounds: Those that are large on the surface. 
 
 Subcutaneous Wounds: Those that are larger beneath and 
 small on the surface. 
 
 Incised Wounds: Those made with a sharp instrument where 
 the tissues are cut clean and smooth. 
 
 Penetrating Wounds: Those resulting from a stab, bullet, 
 nail, etc. 
 
 Contused Wounds: Where the parts are crushed, lacerated, 
 or where the tissues are torn. 
 
 Poisoned Wounds: Where poison is conveyed into the wound. 
 
 Gunshot Wounds: If a bullet should strike some object and 
 become flattened or misshapen and then enter the body, it might 
 produce an open wound, a penetrating, contused or lacerated 
 wound. Fragments of shell would do the same thing. 
 
488 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 If there is much hemorrhage, the first duty is to check the 
 flow of blood. This may be done by making firm pressure with 
 the hands or with a bandage or ligature, as described under 
 Bleeding from Injury. Internal bleeding cannot be controlled 
 without the services of a physician. Internal hemorrhage is 
 always a grave and dangerous condition. To aid in checking 
 the flow of blood the patient should remain perfectly quiet. 
 Sometimes a bullet, nail or other blunt instrument may carry 
 pieces of clothing into the wound. These should always be 
 removed, but this, too, requires the services of a doctor. A 
 bullet is more likely to push an artery aside and to cut it off. 
 The same is sometimes true with tendons and ligaments. A bullet 
 will sometimes glance when striking a bone. The contact may 
 render the surface of the ball uneven or ragged, after which the 
 wound would be much more severe if the ball should continue 
 on its course. 
 
 If a bullet becomes lodged in the chest or abdominal cavity 
 and does not interfere with the healing of the wound, nor pro- 
 duce paralysis, showing that it is not in contact with any plexis, 
 or bundle of nerve fibers, it is better to allow it to remain. Con- 
 tinual probing, or an exploratory operation hunting for a ball 
 that is doing no harm may, and often does result disastrously to 
 the patient. A bullet that becomes lodged in the tissues and 
 does not interfere with arteries or nerves soon becomes encysted, 
 i. e. , surrounded by a membrane of new tissue. Once encysted, 
 it may remain throughout a lifetime and produce no bad results 
 or inconveniences. 
 
 The principal thing in caring for a wound is to maintain 
 absolute cleanliness. Where the skin is broken or cut, the edges 
 should be smoothed, if necessary, and then brought evenly 
 together and stitched with clean silk. If about the face or neck, 
 very fine thread or even horse hair may be used. This will pre- 
 vent a scar. Wounds, especially bullet wounds, often produce 
 great prostration of the vital forces, hence stimulants may be 
 needed. 
 
Department IV, 
 
 POISONS— SYMPTOMS, TREATMENTS 
 AND ANTIDOTES. 
 
 In this chapter is given a list of all poisons which are likely 
 to be taken, together with the most obvious symptoms, and 
 common antidotes and treatments. 
 
 There is one general form of treatment that applies to any 
 and all cases of accidental poisoning. The a?itidote should be given 
 first, if at hand, as this removes the danger at once. Following 
 this the patient should be given an active emetic to relieve the 
 stomach of its contents. It is understood, of course, that if the 
 antidote is not at hand, active vomiting should be instituted 
 without delay. 
 
 If a doctor is at hand and can apply treatment immediately, 
 perhaps an antidote would not be needed. A hypodermic injec- 
 tion of Apomorphine will produce vomiting usually in from three 
 to five minutes. In this way the poison is removed before the 
 antidote could be prepared and taken. 
 
 It is also necessary to state that if treatment is not instituted 
 until some time after the poison is taken — after it has been 
 absorbed into the circulation , producing its full effect — emetics are 
 not only useless, but will work injury to the patient by aiding in 
 destroying vitality. Rather than to give emetics in such cases, 
 it is better to treat the condition; in other words, to treat the 
 symptoms as they appear. If stupor is present, stimulants may 
 be needed, although these should be given in small quantities at 
 first. 
 
 The mineral acids are not so apt to produce dangerous or 
 fatal effects as a result of their being taken into the circulation, 
 but rather from their destruction of the walls of the stomach. 
 Because of their caustic properties they are liable to penetrate the 
 stomach walls; in other words, their effects are local. Strictly 
 speaking, these acids are not poisons. The word ' ' poison ' ' applies 
 only to such substances as produce their effect through the circu- 
 lation. Carbolic Acid produces the same local effect, but destroys 
 life by paralyzing the nervous system, particularly the heart. 
 
 489 
 
4Q0 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Following corrosive poisons, such as Carbolic Acid, Cor- 
 rosive Sublimate, or any of the mineral acids, some form of 
 mucilage should be taken in considerable quantities; or the white 
 of eggs or milk could be given with advantage. Mechanical 
 protection is thus afforded the delicate mucous membrane of the 
 mouth, throat and stomach, which has been more or less affected 
 or destroyed by the action of the poison. By reason of such 
 action the patient should receive only liquid food for some time. 
 
 The stomach pump is sometimes used to wash out the 
 stomach in some cases of poisoning. We wish to state, however, 
 that it should never be used where poisons of a corrosive nature 
 have been taken. This refers especially to strong acids, such as 
 Carbolic Acid, Nitric Acid, Muriatic Acid, etc. Neither should 
 it be used where strong alkalies have been taken, such as 
 Ammonia, Soda or Potash. The reason is that the remedies 
 mentioned are very destructive to the mucous membrane of the 
 stomach, and in such cases forcing a tube into this organ would 
 only increase the damage. 
 
 Vegetable Poisons. — The poisonous principles in nearly 
 all vegetable remedies, such as Aconite, Belladonna, Digitalis, 
 etc., are neutralized or destroyed by Tannic Acid. This does 
 not apply to Morphine. In the case of Morphine poisoning, Perman- 
 ganate of Potash is claimed by some to neutralize the poison and 
 act as a specific; this claim is denied by others. Tannic Acid 
 will also neutralize some forms of chemical poisons, as Antimony, 
 and others for which it is recommended. 
 
 Mineral Poisons. — Regarding mineral poisons, many of 
 these may also be neutralized and their effects immediately 
 destroyed by giving the proper antidote. For instance, dialyzed 
 Iron, which is a very common preparation and kept in all drug 
 stores, will immediately neutralize or destroy Arsenic when 
 taken in any form. The dialyzed Iron and Arsenic form an 
 insoluble compound. The white of eggs will immediately 
 neutralize and destroy the effects of Corrosive Sublimate. 
 
 Acid Poisons. — When strong acids have been taken into 
 the stomach they may be neutralized and their effects destroyed 
 by alkalies, such as Soda or Potash, dissolved in water and taken 
 in large quantities. The acid and the alkali, Soda or Potash, 
 form a chemical compound. During their union, however, 
 there is kept up a constant boiling process and a good deal of 
 heat is produced. This heat may be so great as to injure the 
 mucous membrane of the stomach and deeper tissues, hence it is 
 believed to be a better plan to fill the stomach with pure water 
 only. Have the patient drink i, 2, 3 or more pints. This 
 dilutes the acid to such an extent as to destroy its effects or 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 
 
 49 1 
 
 render it so mild that it will do no harm. If a little ground 
 Mustard is added to the water before the patient drinks it, it will 
 not only dilute the acid, but vomiting will be produced at the 
 same time. 
 
 Alkali Poisons. — In the case of poisoning from alkalies, 
 the treatment should be the same. If it is desired to neutralize 
 the alkali, it can readily be done by adding a liberal quantity of 
 vinegar to the water; but the boiling and the heat would be the 
 same as in the case of adding the alkali to the water taken for 
 acid poisoning. 
 
 In the case of small children who are unable to drink a 
 quantity of water, perhaps it is better to take the alkali, the 
 Soda or Potash, in the treatment of acid poisoning, and to give 
 vinegar as strong as can be taken for the alkali poisoning. 
 
 EMETICS. 
 
 An emetic is something taken into the stomach to cause 
 vomiting. Below are given the most common emetics, viz., 
 Mustard, Ipecac, Sulphate of Zinc, Sulphate of Copper and 
 Tartar Emetic, and the proper method of taking them. Warm 
 water is also an emetic, and warm water, water and Mustard are 
 almost always at hand; Ipecac also is more or less frequently 
 kept. The others mentioned probably could not be had unless 
 obtained from a drug store, and even then might possess no 
 advantage over the more common remedies just named. The 
 Sulphates and Tartar Emetic not only fail to possess advantage, 
 but in some cases they might prove a disadvantage to a dangerous 
 degree. Sulphate of Zinc is depressing; Sulphate of Copper is 
 irritating to the stomach; Tartar Emetic is still more depressing 
 than Sulphate of Zinc; hence it follows that if taken in cases 
 where the patient is extremely low, an}^ of the three might aid 
 in producing fatal effects. 
 
 Mustard Seed, ground. — Take a tablespoonful in a glass of 
 warn water. If vomiting is not caused in fifteen minutes, repeat 
 the dose. 
 
 Ipecac, Syi up or Fluid Extract of. — Take 1 teaspoonful in a 
 little water or molasses. If vomiting is not caused in fifteen 
 minutes, repeat the dose. 
 
 Sulphate of Zinc (White Vitriol) . — Take ^ of a small tea- 
 spoonful of the powder (from 10 to 15 grains) dissolved in a 
 little water. Can be repeated in twenty to thirty minutes if 
 vomiting has not occurred. 
 
 Sulphate of Copper (Blue Vitriol). — Take a piece about the 
 size of a common pea (3 to 5 grains) dissolved in a little water. 
 Can be repeated in twenty to thirty minutes if vomiting has not 
 occurred. 
 
492 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Tartar Einetic (Antimony). — Dissolve 6 or 8 grains in 8 
 tablespoonfuls of water. The dose is a tablespoonful of the 
 mixture every ten or fifteen minutes until vomiting is caused. 
 
 MUCILAGES, OR MUCILAGINOUS DRINKS. 
 (to follow corrosivk poisoning.) 
 
 Flaxseed tea is a common and excellent thing. Or, Gum 
 Arabic, Slippery Elm bark or Comfrey root, soaked in water 
 until mucilage is extracted. 
 
 Note. — Under the list of poisons a few articles are referred to others 
 which are similar in their effects. 
 
 ACETATE OF COPPER.— (See Blue Vitriol). 
 ACETATE OF LEAD.— (See Sugar of Lead). 
 
 ACONITE.— Monk's Hood. 
 
 Symptoms. — Nausea, vomiting, pain in the stomach ; severe 
 pain in the bowels with violent purging; cold sweats; rapid feeble 
 pulse; color pale. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give Vz teaspoonful Tannin dissolved in water, and produce 
 vomiting (if not already free enough) by drinking warm water, 
 tickling the throat and giving emetics; give mucilages and stimu- 
 lants, and apply external heat. Keep fiat on back. 
 
 ALCOHOL. — Rum, Brandy, Whiskey, Gin, etc. — In large 
 quantities a powerful narcotic poison. 
 
 Symptoms.— Inability to walk or stand, dizziness, highly 
 flushed or pale face, noisy breathing, confusion of thought and 
 unconsciousness . 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting by large draughts of warm water and by 
 tickling the throat, or 03^ emetics; pour cold water on the head 
 and back of the neck; keep up motion; irritate the skin by brisk 
 rubbing; give strong coffee. Use stomach pump. Artificial 
 respiration may be needed. 
 
 AMMONIA.— Spirits of Hartshorn. 
 
 Symptoms. — Strong, burning taste in the mouth, heat in the 
 throat and stomach, vomiting, cold clammy skin, small rapid 
 pulse and great prostration. Death may occur in half an hour. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give vinegar and water, or any dilute vegetable acid; excite 
 vomiting; give cathartics and opiates. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 493 
 
 ANTIMONY.— (See Tartar Emetic). 
 
 AQUA FORTIS.— Nitric Acid. 
 
 Symptoms. — Strangulation in swallowing; mouth, lips and 
 throat a yellow color; skin, cold and clammy; pulse, quick and 
 small; retching, and vomiting of dark-colored fluids. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia, calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting 
 in water; plaster from the wall softened with water; soap and 
 water; wood ashes and water; milk; whites of eggs; oil. Or, as 
 stated under Acid Poisons in the foregoing, drink large quantities 
 of warm water containing 1 or more tablespoonfuls of ground 
 Mustard. 
 
 ARSENIC. — Rough on Rats, Paris Green, White Arsenic, 
 Fowler s Solzction, Black Oxide (fly powder). Has little or no 
 taste, and may be taken accidentally. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning pain in the stomach, excessive thirst, 
 vomiting, heat and tightness of trie throat, diarrhea, slow and 
 intermittent pulse, faintness, lethargy, pals}', convulsions, etc. 
 Death occurs, on the average, in about twenty- four hours. Four 
 grains have destroyed adult life. 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Give 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls of dialyzed Iron; this forms 
 an insoluble compound. Follow with tablespoonful of Syrup of 
 Ipecac; or ground Mustard seed; or 3 to 5 grains of Sulphate of 
 Copper; or 10 to 20 grains of Sulphate of Zinc. Give white of 
 eggs; milk; Flaxseed tea; much warm water; or oil and L,ime 
 Water. Use stomach pump. 
 
 B. Give a good dose of iron rust, afterwards wash out the 
 
 stomach and give freely of milk or cream. — (44). 
 
 Note. — It might take some time to secure a dose of iron rust and, if a 
 drug store is within reach, a better plan would be to get an ounce of dialyzed 
 Iron and give from 2 to 4 teaspoonfuls immediately, afterwards washing 
 out the stomach, etc. 
 
 C. Empty the stomach as quickly as possible by thrusting 
 finger down throat, or by giving warm Mustard water or salt 
 water; then give milk or oil freely— Castor Oil, Iyinseed Oil or 
 Sweet Oil, V 2 glass; or all the milk that can be taken. — (9). 
 
 D. Dialyzed Iron in teaspoonful doses every 15 minutes. 
 —(4). 
 
 E. Give anything to cause speedy vomiting. — (17). 
 
 F. Whites of 3 eggs, followed by copious draughts of warm 
 water to produce free vomiting. — (19). 
 
494 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 BELLADONNA.— (See Deadly Nightshade). 
 
 BISMUTH. — Oxide of Bismuth, Nitrate of Bismuth (a white 
 powder sometimes used as a cosmetic) . Subnitrate of Bismuth is 
 not a poison. 
 
 Symptoms. — Metallic taste in the mouth, heat and dryness of 
 the throat and severe burning heat in the stomach and bowels, 
 violent vomiting, diarrhea, pulse small and rapid, skin cold, 
 breathing difficult, fainting and convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Large quantities of milk; whites of eggs; oil. Cause vomit- 
 ing by drinking large quantities of warm water containing one 
 tablespoonful ground Mustard, or other emetic. Use stomach 
 pump. 
 
 BLISTERING FLIES. — Spanish Flies, Tincture of Canth- 
 arides. 
 
 Symptoms. — Difficulty of swallowing and burning in the 
 throat, violent pain in the stomach and bowels, vomiting, pain 
 in the loins, and passage of bloody water with great pain. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Produce vomiting by large draughts of warm water and 
 tickling the throat with the finger or a feather; give milk or 
 mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 BLUE VITRIOL.— Sulphate of Copper, Blue Stone. 
 
 Symptoms. — Strong metallic taste in the mouth, violent 
 vomiting and purging, griping pains, frothing at the mouth, 
 headache, dizziness, convulsions and insensibility. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Have patient drink large quantities of water to wash out 
 stomach, then give strong coffee, milk, whites of eggs, wheat 
 flour and water, or mucilages. 
 
 CAMPHOR. 
 
 Symptoms. — Great excitement of nervous system, dizziness, 
 vomiting, anxiety, small pulse, difficult breathing, fainting, 
 cold skin, delirium and convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting by drinking warm water or ground Mus- 
 tard in warm water, and give mucilages, wine, and Opium or 
 laudanum. 
 
 CARBOLIC ACID.— This is a very frequent cause of 
 poisoning as it is so easily obtained, and one that is generally 
 fatal. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 495 
 
 Symptoms. — The mucous membrane of the lips, tongue and 
 cheeks is white, wrinkled and hardened from the action of the 
 acid. The odor of Carbolic Acid is easily detected in the breath. 
 There is an intense burning pain in the mouth, throat and stom- 
 ach. The pupils are contracted, the skin is cold and clammy, and 
 the pulse becomes weaker and weaker. Coma precedes death, 
 which is sometimes accompanied by convulsions. Death may 
 occur within an hour. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Oil is the best application to external burns, but should not 
 be used internally. Flaxseed tea in quantity or Mustard water 
 given immediately by the pint or quart to dilute the acid and 
 thus arrest its corrosive action on the tender mucous membrane of 
 the stomach; soapy water is valuable. Stimulants may be given 
 to prevent collapse. 
 
 CARBONATE OF LEAD.— (See White Lead). 
 
 CARBONIC ACID GAS.— Found in cellars, wells and 
 mines, and given off in burning charcoal and from stoves. 
 
 Symptoms. — Face swelled and more or less discolored, feel- 
 ing of great weight in the head, dizziness, drowsiness, difficulty 
 in breathing, suffocation and insensibility. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Admit fresh air; rub the patient, especially over the lungs ; 
 cause artificial breathing (see Drowning). Keep the head and 
 back of the neck wet with cold water; or if the body is cold, give a 
 warm bath, also 15 drops Tincture of Belladonna. 
 
 COBALT. — Often used as a fly poison. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain and heat in the stomach and throat, violent 
 retching and vomiting, cold skin, small rapid pulse, breathing 
 rapid and difficult, diarrhea. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give emetics; also give freely of milk, white of eggs, wheat 
 flour and water, or mucilages. 
 
 CORROSIVE SUBLIMATE. — Bichloride of Mercury. 
 Sometimes carelessly used as a bed-bug poison. 
 
 Symptoms. — Strong metallic or coppery taste in the mouth, 
 burning heat in the throat, severe pain in the stomach and 
 bowels, vomiting and purging, face flushed and swollen or 
 anxious and pale, pulse small, irregular and rapid, skin clammy 
 and cold, tongue white and shriveled, breathing difficult, faint- 
 ing, convulsions and insensibility. 
 
496 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 First give the white of eggs and then cause vomiting as 
 quickly as possible by drinking warm water containing i table- 
 spoonful of ground Mustard; tickle the throat with the ringer or 
 a feather to aid in inducing vomiting; give wheat flour and 
 water or liquid starch. 
 
 CREOSOTE.— (See On, of Tar). 
 
 DEADLY NIGHTSHADE.— Belladonna. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dryness of the throat, sickness at the stomach, 
 dizziness, dimness of sight, pupils dilated, laughter, delirium, 
 face, red and swollen, also a scarlet eruption is often observed on 
 the skin, convulsions, paralysis and insensibility. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 The treatment is the same as for Henbane. See Henbane. 
 
 DIGITALIS.— (See Foxglove). 
 
 FISH (poisonous). — All kinds of fish, meats, etc., may 
 become poisonous from disease or decay. 
 
 Symptoms. — Great thirst, weight in the stomach, vomiting, 
 dizziness, itching, and sometimes an eruption on the skin, pulse 
 low, hands and feet cold, twitching of the tendons; convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting by drinking warm water and tickling the 
 throat with the finger; soothing drinks and acids; recumbent 
 position. 
 
 FOOL'S PARSLEY. — Taken by mistake for common 
 parsley. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning in throat and thirst, sickness, vomit- 
 ing and occasional purging, cold moist skin, small frequent pulse, 
 headache, dizziness and delirium. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Emetics, followed by warm water, milk, Flaxseed tea or 
 Chamomile tea; purgatives; warm bath; stimulants and opiates. 
 
 FOXGLOVE.— Digitalis. 
 
 Symptoms. — Irregular pulse, dizziness, indistinct vision, 
 nausea, vomiting, cold sweats, hiccough, delirium and convul- 
 sions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 One-third teaspoonful Tannic Acid, followed by emetics. 
 Small doses of Opium or laudanum (5 to 20 drops of Laudanum) 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 49; 
 
 may be needed to quiet the intense excitement of the nervous 
 system. Strong coffee should also be given. Keep the patient 
 quiet and the head low. 
 
 HELLEBORE. — Indian Poke, Swamp Hellebore. 
 
 Symptoms. — Violent purging and vomiting, bloody stools, 
 great anxiety, dizziness, tremors, fainting, cold sweats, convul- 
 sions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting quickly by large draughts of warm water, 
 molasses and water, or other emetics; also give oil and mucilagi- 
 nous drinks; oily purgatives; strong coffee, or other stimulant. 
 Opium may be given in small quantities if necessary to quiet 
 extreme nervous sensibility. 
 
 Note. — Hellebore is sometimes used in poisonous quantities in dressing 
 sores. In this case treatment by vomiting would be useless. 
 
 HEMLOCK (poison). — The roots have sometimes been 
 eaten by mistake for parsnip. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dizziness, dimness of sight, delirium, and swell- 
 ing of the abdomen, with pain, vomiting and purging. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give Vi teaspoonful Tannin dissolved in water, and follow 
 with an emetic. Give warm water, Flaxseed tea, Chamomile 
 tea, or milk; bathe the head with water and give stimulants. 
 Use stomach pump. 
 
 HENBANE. — Hyoscyamus. 
 
 Symptoms. — Sickness, dilatation of the pupils, dimness of 
 sight, dryness of mouth and throat, delirium, appearance of intox- 
 ication and insensibility. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give Yz teaspoonful of Tannin dissolved in water, and fol- 
 low with strong Mustard water to produce vomiting; cold to the 
 head; heat to the feet; strong coffee. Give stimulants as needed. 
 Hypodermic injections of Pilocarpine may be given by a doctor. 
 
 LAUDANUM.— (See Opium). 
 
 LAUREL, MOUNTAIN.— Honey made from its flowers 
 is poisonous, also birds that feed upon its buds in winter. 
 
 Symptoms. — Violent flushings of heat and cold, dizziness, 
 sickness at the stomach, vomiting and purging, delirium, weak, 
 rapid pulse, sweating, convulsions. 
 
 32 
 
498 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Emetics, as warm water or molasses and water, and tickling 
 the throat with the finger to produce vomiting; purgatives; 
 strong stimulants, such as Ammonia and coffee. Use stomach 
 pump. 
 
 LIMB. — Quick Lime. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning in the throat and stomach, vomiting, 
 violent colic and diarrhea; sometimes constipation. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Drink vinegar, lemon juice or any vegetable acid freely; 
 follow with an emetic; give mucilaginous drinks; opiates if 
 needed, warm baths, etc. 
 
 LUNAR CAUSTIC— Nitrate of Silver. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning pain in the stomach, sickness at the 
 stomach, retching and vomiting; sometimes extreme purging; 
 cold skin, quick, irregular pulse, difficult breathing, fainting and 
 convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Drink freely of common salt in water; also drink large quan- 
 tities of warm water and tickle the throat to produce vomiting ; 
 or give other emetics ; also warm bath ; purgatives and mucil- 
 aginous drinks. 
 
 MONK'S HOOD.— (See Aconite). 
 
 MORPHINE.— (See Opium). 
 
 MURIATIC ACID.— Hydrochloric Acid. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning and sense of strangulation in the throat, 
 retching, vomiting, swelling of the throat and difficulty in 
 breathing; skin cold with clammy sweat; pulse quick and small. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give large quantities of water containing Mustard, Carbonate 
 of Magnesia Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting, in water; soap 
 and water; wood ashes and water; white of eggs, milk, oil, etc. 
 Plaster from the wall may be beaten down to a paste with water 
 and given, or washing soda with barley water; mucilaginous 
 drinks. 
 
 MUSHROOMS (poisonous). — Eaten by mistake for the 
 ordinary mushroom. 
 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 
 
 499 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain and sickness at the stomach, vomiting and 
 purging; great thirst, colicky pains, cramps, dizziness, convul- 
 sions and delirium. 
 
 Treatment . — 
 
 Give emetics, purgatives, mucilages, acid drinks, and stimu- 
 lants such as Whiskey, Brandy, Ammonia, etc. 
 
 NITRE. — Nitrate of Potash, Saltpetre. 
 
 Symptoms. — Great pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
 purging, severe colic in the lower part of the bowels, difficult 
 breathing, great prostration, fainting and convulsions. One 
 ounce has destroyed life in three hours. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Barley water, Flaxseed tea, warm water or molasses and 
 water, and tickling the throat to produce vomiting ; or other 
 emetics; opiates, as 5 to 10 drops of Laudanum; stimulants, 
 such as Brandy, Whiskey, Ether, etc. 
 
 NITRATE OF SILVER.— (See Lunar Caustic). 
 
 NITRIC ACID.— (See Aqua Fortis). 
 
 NUX VOMICA.— (See Strychnine). 
 
 OIL OF ALMONDS.— (See Prussic Acid). 
 
 OIL OF CEDAR.— 
 
 Symptoms. — Heat in the stomach, immediately followed by 
 convulsions with frothing at the mouth. Death has occurred in 
 half an hour. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting as quickly as possible by large draughts of 
 warm water and other nauseating drinks, or by a large dose of 
 ground Mustard seed in water. Stimulants as needed. 
 
 OIL OF RUE.— 
 
 Symptoms. — Dryness of mouth and throat, heat and pain in 
 the stomach and bowels, thirst, headache and delirium. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Kxcite vomiting as quickly as possible by large drinks of 
 warm water containing ground Mustard seed, or other emetics. 
 
 OIL OF SAVIN. — May be taken by young women to 
 induce menstruation — a very dangerous proceeding. 
 
500 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Headache, delirium, general excitement, sharp 
 pain in the stomach and bowels, nausea, vomiting and purging, 
 convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting by large drinks of warm water containing 
 Mustard and tickling the throat; or give an emetic of Sulphate 
 of Zinc. Follow with acid drinks and mucilages. 
 
 OIL OF TANSY.— May be taken as noted in Oil of Savin. 
 Symptoms. — Heat in the stomach, immediately followed by 
 convulsions and frothing at the mouth; feeble pulse. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting by large draughts of warm water containing 
 Mustard; give acid drinks and mucilages. 
 
 OIL OF TAR. — Containing Creosote as its essential 
 principle. 
 
 Symptoms, — Speedy insensibility, labored rattling breathing, 
 cold hands and feet, watering eyes, feeble pulse. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Cause vomiting instantly by drinking water containing 
 Mustard, or by other emetics. 
 
 OIL OF VITRIOL— Sulphuric Acid. 
 
 Sy?nptoms. — Pain and burning in the throat and difficulty in 
 swallowing, vomiting dark-colored fluids and shreds of membrane 
 from the stomach, swelling of the throat, cold skin, and quick, 
 small pulse. The lining membrane of the mouth and throat is 
 partly destroyed and of a dark color. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting, 
 mixed with large quantities of water; or soap or wood ashes and 
 water; or lime from the plastered wall made into a paste with 
 water. The foregoing are all alkalies, and the object in giving 
 any one of them is to neutralize the acid. Or water by the pint 
 containing Mustard. Follow with white of eggs, milk or oils. 
 
 OPIUM. — Gum Opium,, Laudanum, Morphine. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dizziness, stupor, drowsiness, insensibility; 
 pulse quick and irregular at first and breathing hurried; later the 
 breathing is slow and noisy, face flushed, pupils contracted, and 
 the pulse slow and full. In favorable cases there is early nausea 
 and vomiting. Death occurs in from two to twenty-four hours. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDO TES. 501 
 
 Treatments. — 
 
 A. Cause instant vomiting by copious drinks of warm water 
 containing a large quantity of ground Mustard. Keep cold 
 water on the head and back of the neck; rub the surface with 
 coarse towel, and keep the person moving. Give strong stimu- 
 lants, as Brandy, Whiskey, Ammonia to nostrils, 15 drops Tinc- 
 ture of Belladonna, or strong tea and coffee. Use stomach pump. 
 The stomach pump is particularly valuable in Opium poisoning, 
 as the system may be so paralyzed that vomiting cannot be 
 induced by emetics. 
 
 B* Give an emetic of Mustard and warm water. After the 
 stomach is emptied make the patient drink hot strong coffee and 
 watch the breathings. — (20). 
 
 C. Warm water by the tumblerful with Mustard in it until 
 the patient vomits, then give strong coffee. If in a stupor, keep 
 patient walking. Call for doctor at once. — (35.) 
 
 D« Permanganate of Potash is considered by some a safe and 
 sure antidote for Morphine poisoning. If the case is discovered 
 early, give the remedy by the stomach; if not, inject under the 
 skin with a hypodermic needle. — (51). 
 
 OXALIC ACID. — May be taken accidentally from its 
 resemblance to Epsom Salts. 
 
 Symptoms: — Hot burning taste in the swallowing and imme- 
 diate vomiting, the matter thrown up bein?- a greenish or brown 
 color; sometimes severe pain; pulse small and irregular; numbness 
 and spasms. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Carbonate of Magnesia, Calcined Magnesia, chalk or whiting 
 made into a cream with water and given freely; emetics; Lime 
 Water with oil; mucilages. 
 
 PARIS GREEN.— (See Arsenic). 
 
 PHOSPHORUS — 
 
 Symptoms. — Hot taste of onions or garlic in the mouth, 
 violent pains in the stomach, nausea and vomiting, convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Fill up the stomach with Magnesia and water; give emetics, 
 warm water, etc. , to keep up the vomiting. Copper Sulphate in 
 small doses. No oils should be used, though old Oil of Turpen- 
 tine is recommended given in emulsion, from 10 drops to 1 tea- 
 spoonful. 
 
 POTASH, HYDRATE OK— Caustic Potash, 
 
502 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning taste in the mouth, pain in the stomach 
 and vomiting; cold skin, small frequent pulse and great 
 prostration. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give large amount of water containing ground Mustard, or 
 Vinegar, lemon juice or other vegetable acids; rub the skin; give 
 Oils and mucilaginous drinks. 
 
 PRUSSIC ACID. — Hydrocyanic Acid, the poisonous prin- 
 ciple of the Oil of Bitter Almonds. 
 
 Symptoms. — Instant sensation of weight and pain in the 
 head, nausea and quick pulse. In larger doses, instant insensi- 
 bility, convulsions, loss of pulse and slow breathing, death 
 occuring in from two minutes to half an hour. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Application of strong Ammonia to the nostrils; stimulating 
 liniments to the chest. Apply cold water to the head and spine. 
 Mix i part Ammonia with 6 parts water and give freely. 
 
 ROUGH ON RATS. -(See Arsenic). 
 
 STRAMONIUM.— (See Thorn Appi<e). 
 
 STRYCHNINE.— Nux Vomica. 
 
 Symptoms. — Kxtremely bitter taste in the mouth, muscular 
 spasms, limbs fixed, stretched out and rigid, jaws spasmodically 
 shut. If the symptoms continue, there is nausea, vomiting, and 
 difficulty in breathing. Or, instead of the rigidity described the 
 various groups of voluntary muscles may act spasmodically and 
 the arms and lower limbs fly in all directions. 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give i teaspoon ful of Tannic Acid in water, if at hand. 
 This will form an insoluble compound with the Strychnine. Then 
 give emetics to produce vomiting; also give freely any fatty matter, 
 such as Sweet Oil, lard, etc., a pint at a time, and have it vomited 
 each time by passing the finger down the throat. To control the 
 spasms, give, for an adult, 30 grains Chloral Hydrate or 60 grains 
 Bromide of Potash, or Morphine or Chloroform. In severe cases 
 larger doses of the Chloral or Potash may be necessary. Or perhaps 
 spasmodic action can be best and most quickly controlled by the 
 hypodermic injection of Apomorphia. These remedies would 
 require the services of a doctor. 
 
 SUGAR OF LEAD.— Acetate of Lead. 
 
POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 503 
 
 Symptoms. — A burning, prickling feeling in the throat, 
 with dryness and thirst, pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
 constipation, cold skin, weak irregular pulse, loss of strength, 
 cramps, numbness, dizziness, insensibility. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Sulphuric Acid forms an insoluble compound with lead, and 
 is best given in the form of Sulphate of Magnesia or Epsom 
 Salts. Large amounts should be given. If necessary, Morphine 
 may be added to relieve the spasms and pain. Give emetics, 
 followed by mucilages, milk, white of eggs, or wheat flour with 
 water. 
 
 SULPHATE OF COPPER.— (See Bi.uk Vitriol). 
 
 SULPHATE OF ZINC— (See White Vitriol). 
 
 SULPHURIC ACID.— (See On. of Vitriol). 
 
 TARTAR EMETIC— Antimony. 
 
 Symptoms. — Nausea, severe vomiting, hiccough, burning 
 pain in the stomach due to inflammation, colic pains and violent 
 purging, small quick pulse, cramps, dizziness and great 
 prostration. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Tannic Acid forms an insoluble compound with Antimony 
 and should be given in a little water. Afterwards wash out 
 stomach by drinking large quantity of water, and give strong tea, 
 mucilages and warm drinks. Stimulants will be necessary. 
 
 THORN APPLE.— Stramonium. 
 
 Symptoms and treatment are the same as given under 
 Henbane. 
 
 TOBACCO.— 
 
 Symptoms. — Severe nausea, headache, vomiting, sudden 
 weakness, cold sweats and convulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Emetics; large draughts of warm water; purgatives; acid 
 drinks; stimulants, such as strong coffee, Brandy, Whiskey, etc., 
 and external heat. 
 
 VERDIGRIS.— (See Bute Vitriol). 
 
 WHITE LEAD.— (See Sugar of Lead). 
 
 WHITE VITRIOL.— Sulphate of Zinc. 
 
504 
 
 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Symptoms, — Bitter taste in the mouth with sensation of 
 choking, severe vomiting, pain in the stomach and bowels, 
 difficult breathing, cold hands and feet and quick, small pulse. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Give strong alkaline drinks, as baking Soda. Follow with 
 white of eggs; wheat flour and water; plenty of milk; emetics if 
 needed, that is, if vomiting has not already taken place; purga- 
 tives; opiates and stimulants. 
 
 WOLF'S BANE.— (See Aconite). 
 
 Poison Ivy. — This plant by contact, and upon many with- 
 out contact, produces a violent erysipelatous inflammation, 
 particularly of the face. The symptoms are itching, redness, 
 burning, swelling, watery blisters and subsequent peeling of 
 the skin. These effects are experienced soon after exposure, 
 and usually begin to decline within a week. 
 
 Treatment. — 
 
 Carbolic Acid i teaspoonful. 
 
 Water 7 
 
 Mix, apply thoroughly for a few minutes 
 and wash off with water. One thorough appli- 
 cation of this kind will completely eradicate 
 the poison. 
 
 Poison Dogwood. — The symptoms and treatment are 
 similar to those of Poison Ivy. 
 
FOXGLOVE. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 
 This herb is useful in Dropsy of the Chest, Pleurisy and 
 Inflammatory Affections. (To be used with cautionj 
 
Department V, 
 
 HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 Materia Medica is the science that treats of the substances 
 employed in the prevention, alleviation and cure of disease; among 
 these plant life holds the foremost place. More remedies are 
 obtained from plants than from all other remedial sources com- 
 bined, and it is the aim of this volume to give the most complete 
 chapter on medicinal plants that has ever been introduced into 
 any work of like character. 
 
 It has been stated by medical authority that if families would 
 familiarize themselves with herbs and their medicinal properties 
 and uses, many doctors' bills would be saved. Why not? Nature 
 was the Indian's sole apothecary shop — his drugs, the plant with 
 its leaves and flowers, the shrub with its berries and the tree 
 with its bark. The same natural remedies, so highly esteemed 
 by the aborigines, are in use to-day in an artificial form, labelled 
 and placed in rows on the shelves of drug stores. We call a 
 physician to prescribe the proper drugs. We pay the physician 
 for his knowledge; we pay the druggist for his drugs, and in so 
 doing we pay the chemist who compounded them and all the 
 agencies that have been instrumental in reducing them from their 
 natural to their artificial state. 
 
 Native plants are fully described. If there are any of these 
 that do not grow in your vicinity, you can obtain extracts or 
 other preparations of most of them at drug stores. Medicinal 
 plants not growing in this country also native plants whose 
 medicinal properties have recently been discovered and are being 
 manufactured into various preparations, have not been described 
 as to appearance, but the medicinal properties and uses of their 
 products are fully stated. 
 
 There are several ways in which the medicinal properties of 
 herbs are extracted, i. e. } extracts, tinctures, infusions, decoc- 
 tions, bitters, etc. For domestic practice, the most common 
 methods are infusion and decoction. 
 
 Note. — While teas, decoctions or infusions are often most convenient, 
 and are comparatively inexpensive, we have given in an appended Chapter 
 on Medicines the more modern method of drug medication. The chapter 
 is written in plain, simple language, and fully explains, not only the later 
 forms of preparing medicines, but also explains in detail the action of each 
 
 505 
 
506 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 remedy, including the dose, when it should be taken, and when discon- 
 tinued. This is easily understood by noting the symptoms or effects pro- 
 duced. Such symptoms and effects are fully described, and those adminis- 
 tering the drng can do so with intelligence and satisfaction. In the Chapter 
 on Medicines no attempt has been made to describe all of the remedies 
 mentioned in this chapter, but only the more important ones. 
 
 INFUSIONS. 
 
 These are made by steeping, as tea, and are commonly called 
 "teas." An excellent method of preparing them is to put the 
 plant or root into a teapot (an earthen one is the better), pour on 
 boiling water and let the pot stand for a short time where it will 
 keep hot. Infusions are mostly made for immediate use and 
 cannot be kept for any length of time. The strength of the 
 plant is sometimes extracted in cold water. An infusion made in 
 this way will keep longer than one made by steeping. An infu- 
 sion may be sweetened and milk added, if desired, to make it 
 more agreeable to the taste. 
 
 decoctions. 
 
 Decoctions are made by boiling substances in water for a con- 
 siderable time. Vegetables or roots designed for decoction should 
 be bruised or cut into slices so that their strength may be more 
 easily extracted. 
 
 Decoctions may be made into syrups by boiling or simmering 
 until the strength of the herb is extracted and a goodly portion of 
 the water evaporated, then straining, adding a sufficient quantity 
 of sugar to prevent fermentation, and heating until the sugar is 
 all dissolved. Syrups to keep nicely should be bottled when hot, 
 and carefully corked or sealed. The addition of one or two table- 
 spoonfuls of Glycerine to each pint of syrup helps to preserve it 
 and does not interfere with it in taste or otherwise. 
 
 FOMENTATIONS. 
 
 Fomentations are herbs in decoction or infusion applied 
 locally. An excellent manner of making fomentations is to place 
 the leaves, or portion of the herb to be used, in a bag made the 
 proper size to cover the part desired, steep, wring the bag out of 
 the liquid and apply hot. A bag of herbs will keep hot longer 
 than cloths. Two bags may be made and used alternately. 
 
 ointments. 
 
 Ointments, salves and cerates are practically the same. They 
 are composed of about eighty per cent of lard or Vaseline. The 
 other twenty per cent is made up of some remedy. The Vase- 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 507 
 
 line is merely a vehicle — a convenient method of applying the 
 contained remedy. Like plasters, ointments, salves and cerates 
 are named according to the remedies they contain. Thus we have 
 Iodine ointment, Arnica salve, Resin cerate, etc. Ointments are 
 designed for local application as palliative treatment. The nature 
 of the drug or drugs contained in them may be astringent, stimu- 
 lating or anodyne in effect. 
 
 piasters. 
 
 Plasters are semi-solid substances, spread upon cloth or some 
 other flexible material for application upon the external surface 
 of the body. L,ike ointments, plasters are given different names 
 according to the medicinal ingredients they contain, as Arnica, 
 Belladonna, Capsicum, Cantharides or blister plaster. Plaster 
 Paris is used for making a firm and immovable dressing for 
 sprains, fractures, etc. Plaster Paris is so-called because it was 
 first discovered near the city of Paris. Plaster of Paris bandages 
 when wet with water and applied soon harden, become firm, and 
 support the injured parts against accident or injury. The basis 
 of all porous plasters is Gum Galbanum, found in Asia. Galba- 
 num is stimulating and antispasmodic. Taken internally it 
 produces about the same effect as Asafetida. The benefit of 
 porous plasters is largely from their mechanical support. 
 
 POUI/TICES. 
 
 Poultices are made from various soft substances, such as 
 ground Kim bark, ground Flaxseed, corn meal, bread and milk, 
 etc. They are usually applied hot. They are merely a means of 
 applying moist heat. Poultices are used to relieve pain and 
 bring the blood to the surface, and thus aid in relieving conges- 
 tion. When pus is present, they hasten the formation of the 
 abscess and thus hasten resolution. 
 
 powders 
 
 Powder is any substance composed of minute free particles 
 in a dry state. There are many powders used for toilet purposes, 
 such as tooth powders and the almost endless line of face 
 powders. Used in medicine, different powders are often mixed 
 together and divided into separate doses. In this case the powder 
 is composed of or contains medicinal substances designed for the 
 treatment and cure of the various diseases for which it is used. 
 
 TINCTURES. 
 
 Take the fresh or dried herb, chop and pound to a pulp, 
 weigh, and to every ounce of the herb add two ounces of water 
 and two ounces of Alcohol. Place the drug in a large-necked 
 bottle, add the Alcohol and water and allow to stand from eight 
 
5 o8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 to fourteen days in a dark, cool place. At the end of this time 
 the liquid should be turned off, being careful not to roil the 
 dregs, and should be bottled. A teaspoonful of Glycerine to each 
 four ounces of liquid will prove a valuable addition. This should 
 be added when mixing the herb and Alcohol. Tinctures may also 
 be made with wines or other spirituous liquors, but the principle 
 and process remain the same. 
 
 HANDY TABLES. 
 
 60 drops make 1 fluid drachm, or 1 small teaspoonful. 
 
 8 fluid, drachms make... 1 fluid ounce, or 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 16 fluid ounces make 1 pint. 
 
 1 pint equals 1 pound in weight. 
 
 (There are a few exceptions regarding weight, as Glycerine, Ether, Chloro- 
 form, Sulphuric Acid etc. These vary from the standard, which is 
 distillled water at 6o°F. ) 
 
 1 Tablespoonful equals 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 1 Teacup equals 4 fluid ounces. 
 
 1 Coffee Cup equals 6 fluid ounces . 
 
 1 Wineglass equals from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 1 drop equals 1 grain. 
 
 20 grains make i scruple, equal to y z teaspoonful. 
 
 3 scruples make 1 drachm, equal to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 8 drachms make 1 ounce, equal to 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 For Consumption, Lung and Liver Affections, Scrofulous Com- 
 plaints, Boils 
 
 ABSCESS ROOT — Polemonium Reptans, called also 
 Greek Valerian, Bi/je Beixs, Sweat Root, etc. — Roots 
 are fibrous, all growing from one head. Flowers are small, blue, 
 appear early in the season and produce small seeds. Several 
 stems often arise from the same root. Grows in damp woods to 
 the height of one or two feet. 
 
 Employed in consumption and all affections of the lungs and 
 liver, also in chronic complaints of a scrofulous character. The 
 Indians used it in fevers and pleurisies to produce copious perspi- 
 ration. Used in decoction, a small handful of the crushed root 
 to three pints of boiling water, steeped down one-half. Dose, % 
 teacupful every four hours. A tincture made in Whiskey, of 
 which the dose is V 2 wineglassful three times a da} T , will cleanse 
 the system and blood, and is valuable to persons afflicted with 
 boils. 
 
 ACONITE. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Vomiting, Dyspepsia, Debility of the Digestive Organs. 
 
 ADRUE. 
 
 Native of the Tropics. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 509 
 
 Properties. — This remedy is of surprising worth in checking 
 vomiting, whether it is that of pregnancy, yellow fever or indi- 
 gestion. It is also a pleasant and efficient remedy in dyspepsia 
 arising from debility of the dgestive organs. 
 
 Dose. — To check vomiting, from 20 to 30 drops of the fluid 
 extract in a little water, repeated every 10 or 15 minutes until 
 vomiting has ceased; for dyspepsia, the same amount given three 
 times a day. 
 
 For Coughs, Bowel Complaints, Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, Scrofula, 
 
 Gravel. 
 
 AGRIMONY — Agrimonia Eupatoria, called also Cockxe- 
 bur, Stickwort, etc. — This plant grows from one to two feet 
 high and has a rounded, hairy stem which seldom branches. 
 The leaves are oblong, pointed at both ends, and their margin is 
 deeply and unequally notched. The flowers grow in slender 
 spikes at the ends of the stems. 
 
 It is useful in coughs and bowel complaints, and may also 
 be given in diarrhea, dysentery, relaxed bowels, leucorrhea and 
 gonorrhea. The best way to take it is in a strong decoction, 
 which may be made either of the root or the plant, and may be 
 sweetened if desired. The dose is 4 teacupfuls every day. A 
 tea of this plant, together with Alum and honey, is used as a 
 remedy for tapeworm. It is also beneficial in jaundice, and, 
 taken for a long time, is of great benefit in scrofula and gravel. 
 The roots and whole plant are boiled in milk and used for diabetes 
 and incontinence (involuntary evacuations) of urine. 
 
 For Neuralgia,, Worms. 
 
 ALLIGATOR PEAR. 
 
 Native of the West Indies and Tropical America. 
 
 Properties. — Recommended highly by the residents of 
 Southern Mexico in intercostal neuralgia. For this affliction rub 
 chest and back with a dry towel until the part is well stimulated , 
 then apply from 1^ to 2 ounces of the fluid extract, rubbing it in 
 gently, and cover the part with a dry flannel to protect clothing 
 from stain. 
 
 It is also highly recommended as a vermifuge, especially in 
 the case of tapeworm. Dr. Henry Froehling, of California, 
 reports a case in which a tapeworm with a head attached was 
 expelled from a man within five hours. For this purpose it is 
 given in three separate doses of a fluid drachm (teaspoonful) each 
 in the space of one hour, and followed with a dose of Castor Oil. 
 
 Dose. — % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
510 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Tickling Coughs, Hoarseness, Scalding of Urine, Diseases of 
 the Kidneys. 
 
 ALMOND. 
 
 Native of Mediterranean region and western Asia. 
 
 Properties. — The oil of Sweet Almonds is very serviceable 
 in tickling coughs, hoarseness, etc. It acts beneficially upon the 
 urinary organs in the scalding of urine. It is very useful, 
 combined with other remedies, in diseases of the kidneys. It is 
 also much used externally, in combination with other articles, 
 especially in preparations to whiten and soften the skin. 
 
 Dose. — Of the oil of Sweet Almonds, from i to 8 drachms. The oil of 
 Bitter Almonds is poisonous. 
 
 ALOES. — (See A Chapter on Medicines.) 
 For Ulcers, Sores, Piles. 
 
 ALUM ROOT — Henchetia Aceiifolia, called also Spirit 
 Rock, Cuff Weed, Ground Mapi,e. — Has a crooked, hori- 
 zontal root of a yellowish color and very small flesh- colored 
 flowers set on a stalk. Found in the mountainous regions of the 
 Middle Atlantic and east Central States. 
 
 The root is used, but is seldom taken internally on account 
 of its great astringency. Finely powdered, it is applied to ulcers 
 and sores in a state of discharge. Mixed with lard, it forms a 
 good ointment for piles, etc. 
 
 For External use on Ca?icerous and Ulcerous Growths. 
 
 ALVELOZ. 
 
 Native of Brazil. 
 
 Properties. — Alveloz is used as an external application in 
 the case of cancers and ulcerous growths. The action is irritating, 
 producing a spreading inflammation of the skin without much 
 pain, resulting in the destruction of the morbid tissue, which is 
 replaced by healthy tissue. 
 
 In the northern part of Brazil the natives used to burn the 
 wound with the juice running from a piece of broken or cut 
 stem, after having washed it with a decoction of leaves of tobacco. 
 M. Landowsky, in a communication to the Grenoble Congress, 
 stated that, after applying Alveloz he places over it a dressing of 
 Vaseline and Borax. 
 
 Preparation. — Alveloz Milk. 
 
 Use. — Apply externally as above. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5II 
 
 For Rheumatism, Coughs, Fevers, Scurvy, Ague. 
 
 AMERICAN ARBOR VIT JE.— This evergreen attains 
 a height of from twenty to fifty feet, and a diameter of ten to 
 twenty feet through the greatest breadth of foliage. The branchlets 
 are very flat and spreading. It is a beautiful tree, found in the 
 northern part of this country and Canada, and often forms what 
 are commonly known as cedar swamps. It grows along the 
 rocky banks of rivers and in low swampy spots. It blossoms 
 from May until June and matures its fruit in autumn. It 
 assumes a conical form with such true lines as to appear 
 " clipped," thus making a valuable high hedge tree. 
 
 An ointment made of the branchlets and pressed fruit is 
 excellent for rheumatism. A poultice of the cones in powder 
 with milk removes the worst rheumatic pains. A decoction of 
 the roots or branchlets is useful in coughs, fevers, scurvy, 
 ague, etc. 
 
 For Coughs, Debility. 
 
 AMERICAN BALM-OF-GILEAD — Populus Balsami- 
 fera, called also Balsam Poplar, etc. — This well known tree is 
 extensively cultivated for its shade. Its buds, which possess 
 valuable medical qualities, should be gathered in the fall of the 
 year. They are filled with a rich balsam gum, and are good in 
 coughs and debility. To an ounce of the bruised buds i pint of 
 fourth proof spirits may be added, the dose of which is from a tea- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonf ul three or four times a day in sweetened 
 water. This tincture may be applied externally to cuts and 
 wounds. 
 
 For Appetite, Worms, Menses. 
 
 AMERICAN CENTAURY— Sabbatia Angularis, called 
 also Rose Pink, Wild Succory and Bitter Bloom. — Found 
 in low meadows in the Middle and Southern States. Has a 
 fibrous root, grows from one to two feet in height, and has clus- 
 ters of delicate, rose-colored flowers which blossom in July and 
 August. 
 
 Two ounces of the leaves and flowers and i ounce of orange 
 peel should be infused in 2 quarts of Brandy for two weeks. 
 One tablespoonful of this tincture taken before breakfast and 
 dinner will create an appetite; for children having worms, 2 
 teaspoonfuls or more every morning. To restore the menses, 
 pour 2 quarts of water on 2 ounces of tops, steep for half an 
 hour, strain, add a pint of Rum, and take of this a teacupful 
 four times a day, at the same time making hot local applications. 
 
512 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Indigestion, Debility, Jaundice. 
 
 AMERICAN COLUMBO— Frasera Carolinensis , called 
 also Pyramid Flower. — Grows in the Western States, attains 
 sometimes to the height of ten feet, and bears a large pyramid of 
 crowded yellowish-white flowers sometimes three or four feet 
 long. 
 
 Extensively used in cases requiring mild tonics, as diseases 
 of the stomach, debility, fevers, indigestion, jaundice, etc. 
 Infusion, i ounce of the bruised root to a pint of boiling water, 
 of which the dose is a wineglassful. 
 
 For Nervous Headaches, Hysterical Disorders, Suppressed Men- 
 struations, Colics, Indigestion. 
 
 AMERICAN DITTANY— Cunila Mariana, called also 
 Mountain Dittany, Stone Mint, Wild Basil, etc. — This 
 plant is peculiar to America. It has a fragrant odor, resembling 
 that of the Marjoram. The flowers are of a reddish-blue color 
 and blossom from July to September. It grows on mountains 
 and hillsides, but is unknown in plains. 
 
 Dittany tea (warm infusion) is a popular remedy for colds, 
 headaches, and for inciting general perspiration. It relieves 
 nervous headaches and hysterical disorders. Also beneficial in 
 suppressed menstruations, colics and indigestion. The infusion 
 may be drank freely. The Indians smoked and chewed the 
 leaves as a substitute for tobacco. The plant is also employed 
 externally for bruises and sprains. 
 
 For Impurities of the Blood, Syphilitic Complaints, Chronic Rheuma- 
 tism, Scrofula , etc. 
 
 AMERICAN SARSAPARILLA — Aralia Nudicaulis, 
 called also Small Spikenard, Wild Licorice, Wild Sarsapa- 
 rilla, etc. — This plant grows in deep woods and shady places. The 
 root is creeping, twisted and many feet long. The stem is leafless, 
 with clusters of from twelve to thirty small yellowish flowers at 
 the end. The blossoms are followed by clusters of berries which 
 somewhat resemble the common Elderberry. 
 
 The root of this plant may be given in syrup or infusion, 
 and is useful in all diseases of the blood, syphilitic complaints, 
 chronic rheumatism, scrofula, etc. Also useful in coughs, 
 catarrhs and pains in the breast. The bruised root is used in 
 poultices for wounds and ulcers, and also makes a useful applica- 
 tion for erysipelas, ringworm and other skin affections. 
 
HBRB RBMBDIBS. 5 1 3 
 
 For Cathartic Uses, 
 
 AMERICAN SENNA — Cassia Marilandica, called also 
 Wii*d Sknna, Locust Pi, ant, etc. — The root of this plant is irreg- 
 ular, woody, black and fibrous. The stems are many, and grow 
 from three to six feet high. The flowers are of a bright yellow. 
 The fruits or pods are flat, blackish and a little hairy. They 
 grow from two to five inches long, and hold from twelve to 
 twenty seeds or small brown beans. It grows principally in rich 
 soils near streams. 
 
 The Sennas are cathartics. The American Senna operates 
 with mildness and certainty. Both the leaves and pods are used 
 in decoction — what would lay on a tablespoon added to % pint of 
 hot water, drank as needed. With mothers who are nursing 
 babes, the cathartic principle of the Sennas passes into the 
 mother's milk. Infants are often accidentally or purposely purged 
 by the mother's use of Senna. 
 
 AMERICAN WHITE HELLEBORE.— (See Veratrum 
 Viride in A Chaptkr on M^dicinks) . 
 
 For Debility of the Stomach and Digestive Organs ', Nervous Disor- 
 ders^ Inflammatory Tumors. 
 
 ANGELICA — Angelica Atropurpurea, called also Common 
 Angelica. — Found from Canada to the Carolinas, growing in 
 meadows and marshy grounds and blooming in June and July. 
 It has a strong odor and a warm, spicy taste. 
 
 The infusion or tea may be taken with advantage in all 
 disorders arising from flatulence and debility of the stomach and 
 digestive organs. It raises the spirits, strengthens the stomach 
 and creates an appetite. Also recommended in nervous headache 
 pains, in chlorosis, hysteria and other nervous disorders. The 
 root may be taken in powder in doses of ^2 to 1 teaspoonful, or 
 the seeds and roots may be infused gently in water or spirits. 
 The green root bruised and laid on inflammatory tumors will 
 tend to disperse them. The roots when fresh are poisonous and 
 should not be used in infusion, but after drying they lose their 
 poisonous properties. 
 
 For Tapeworms. 
 
 ARECA NUT. 
 Native of Tropical Asia. 
 
 Properties. — It is an astringent and vermifuge, and is suc- 
 cessfully used for the expulsion of tapeworms, the bowels first 
 being cleansed by fasting and Castor Oil. 
 
 33 
 
5 14 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Dose. — As a vermifuge, 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract, 
 and upwards. 
 
 For Dropsies, Kidney Affections, Gi'avel and Sto?ie, Heart. 
 
 AS PARAGU S. — Asparagus Officinalis. — A well known 
 garden vegetable. The root and seeds are used in medicine, and 
 sometimes a syrup is made of the young shoots. It is a native of 
 the south of Europe, but has become naturalized in different 
 sections of this country. 
 
 An infusion of the root, drank freely, is good in dropsy and 
 kidney affections, particularly in stone or gravel in the kidneys 
 or bladder. To make this infusion, keep the roots in hot, but 
 not boiling, water for two hours, then strain. A syrup is made 
 of the juice of the young shoots, of which the dose is from 4 to 8 
 tablespoonfuls. The young shoots eaten as a food have a power- 
 ful effect upon the kidneys and a sedative influence over the 
 heart. 
 
 For Diarrhea, Obstructions of the U?ine, Indigestion, laintness at 
 the Stomach, Consumption, Worms. 
 
 ASPEN — Populus Tremuloides, called also White Poplar, 
 Quaking Aspen, Quiver Leaf, etc. — Common in most parts of 
 the country. The lightest breath of air keeps the leaves in 
 motion, hence the popular names that have been given to it. 
 
 The bark of this tree affords one of the finest of tonics. It 
 may be combined with other tonics. It is used in powder, decoc- 
 tion or tincture, and is useful in diarrhea, obstruction of the 
 urine, indigestion, faintness at the stomach, consumption and 
 worms. It should be taken in quantities according to its effect. 
 
 For Intermittent and Remittent Fevers, recent Colds. 
 
 AUSTRALIAN FEVER BARK— Alstonia Constricta. 
 Native of Australia. 
 
 Properties. — The action of this remedy resembles in many 
 respects the combined action of Quinine and Nux Vomica. In a 
 large majority of the cases of intermittent and remittent fevers it 
 is a superior remedy. The system should be prepared for its use 
 by the administration of the proper sedative, then Alstonia 
 seldom fails. When Quinine fails in chronic cases, Alstonia 
 often effects a speedy cure. In recent colds, or coryza, it is an 
 excellent remedy. 
 
 At the beginning of an attack of this annoying trouble, 2- 
 grain doses every two hours £ive prompt relief. The whole sys- 
 tem is soon reinvigorated, the secretions and excretions which 
 
HERB REM B DIES. 515 
 
 have been more or less suppressed are reestablished, and the 
 patient feels well again. Without such aid the cold often hangs 
 on for days and even weeks; in other words, the vital forces 
 remain depressed and the patient feels weak and mean. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powder, from ^ to 2 grains every one to four 
 hours, but in cases of periodical attacks, as much as 6-grain doses 
 may be given with good results. If the dose is too large, 
 headache with nervousness will be produced. 
 
 Of the fluid extract, from 2 to 6 drops. 
 
 For Dysentery, Chronic Diarrhea, Colic, Debility, Asthma, Sore 
 Throat, Leucorrhea, Hemorrhage. 
 
 AVENS — Geum Virginianum, called also Aven's Root, 
 Kvan Root, Chocolate Root, Throat Root, etc. — This plant 
 grows about two feet high. The roots are small, brittle, brown 
 and crooked. The flowers, which are few in number, are of a 
 white color and grow on the ends of the stems. The fruit is a 
 small berry, oval-shaped, brown and smooth. A decoction of Avens 
 with sugar and milk resembles chocolate or coffee and makes a 
 very pleasant drink. 
 
 It is useful in dysentery, chronic diarrhea, colic, debility, 
 asthma, sore throat, leucorrhea, hemorrhage from the womb and 
 also from the stomach. Given in weak decoction, about a pint a 
 day may be taken, divided into three doses; or 20 grains (Yz tea- 
 spoonful) of the powder may be taken three times daily. The 
 roots are sometimes put into Ale and taken as a stomach tonic. 
 
 For Liver Complaint, Jaundice, Costiveness, Dyspepsia and General 
 Debility. 
 
 BALMONY — Chelone Glabra, called also Bitter Herb, 
 Snake Head, Fish Mouth, Turtle Bloom, etc.— This plant 
 is found in moist ground. It has four-cornered stems that rise 
 from three to five feet high and are occasionally branched near 
 the top. The leaves are five or six inches long, tapering, sharply 
 pointed, edged with sharp teeth, and are set opposite each other. 
 The flowers are white, and in some instances are tinged with a 
 delicate shade of red. They form clusters, and do not bloom 
 until late in the autumn. They are remarkable for their resem- 
 blance to a snake head, hence one of the common names. The 
 herb should be collected in clear, dry weather, and as soon as it 
 is in bloom, as the leaves frequently become mildewed after that 
 time. It should be dried in the sun or in a warm, dry place. 
 
 This herb has tonic, stimulant and anti-bilious properties. 
 It is a valuable medicine in disorders of the liver, and in jaundice 
 will remove the yellow color from the skin and eyes. It is 
 
4 1 6 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 employed in costiveness, dyspepsia, loss of appetite and general 
 languor and debility. A weak infusion of the plant may be drank 
 freely. 
 
 For Catarrhal Conditions of the Lungs and Urinary Tract, 
 BALSAM OF COPAIVA, or COPAIBA. 
 Native of South America. 
 
 Properties. — The most important use of Copaiva is in 
 catarrhal conditions of the mucous membrane of the lungs and 
 urinary tract, but while it is undoubtedly a remedy of much 
 value, its odor is so unpleasant that it is seldom used. At one 
 time it was a popular remedy in the treatment of gonorrhea, but 
 for whatever purpose it is taken internally it is eliminated par- 
 tially by the lungs, hence is conveyed by the breath. As stated, 
 this objection has practically driven it out of use. Again, it has 
 been learned that for the venereal disease mentioned other reme- 
 dies applied directly to the seat of trouble are equally as valuable. 
 
 Preparation. — Internally it is taken either in emulsion or 
 capsule. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops. 
 For Disinfectant and Stimulating Purposes. 
 
 BALSAM FI R — Terebinthi7ia Canadensis. — Native of 
 United States and Canada. The principal source of supply for the 
 United States is North and South Carolina. There are several 
 species of this balsam and all forms contain a volatile oil. After 
 the oil is distilled by means of heat the remaining substance 
 constitutes the common resin of commerce. When first obtained 
 from the plant or tree it is in a crude, oleoresinous state. It is 
 then placed in a large still, heat applied, and the distilled product 
 constitutes common turpentine, and the remaining drug, common 
 resin, as stated. 
 
 The uses of Turpentine and Resin are too common and well 
 known to need description. Turpentine is sometimes used inter- 
 nally in capillary bronchitis and in typhoid fever. It is a powerful 
 disinfectant and stimulant. The dose extends all the way from 
 10 drops to 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls given in the form of emulsion. 
 
 For External Application, especially to Chronic Ulcers, and Internal 
 Use in Chronic Bronchitis, Dysentery a?id Eczema. 
 
 BALSAM OF PERU — Balsamum Peruvia?ium. 
 Native of Brazil, and near the west coast of South America. 
 Properties. — Balsam Peru is a general stimulant, exerting 
 its influence mostly upon mucous membrane, hence is sometimes 
 
HERB RBMBDIBS. 517 
 
 used as a stimulating expectorant in chronic bronchitis, dysen- 
 tery, chilblains and chronic forms of eczema. Its principal use, 
 however, is in dressing wounds, especially chronic ulcers and 
 other conditions where healing does not take place readily. Its 
 principal value in these cases lies both in its antiseptic and stim- 
 ulating properties. 
 
 Preparation. — When used internally the balsam is added to 
 other ingredients forming the mixture, whether a cough syrup, 
 a remedy for diarrhea, or other internal remedies. 
 
 Dose. — The dose internally is from 10 to 20 drops. When 
 used for dressing wounds, it may constitute from ten to fifty per 
 cent of the application. 
 
 For Chronic Bronchitis, Dysentery and Eczema. 
 
 BALSAM TOLU — Balsamum Tolutanum. 
 
 Native of Venezuela. 
 
 Properties. — The properties of Balsam Tolu resemble those 
 of Balsam Peru. It is a stimulating expectorant. Its flavor and 
 taste render it more valuable for internal use. It is used for 
 chronic inflammation and, like Peru, its favorable effect is on 
 mucous membrane. 
 
 Preparation. — The best form for internal use is Syrup of 
 Tolu, although at the present time there is a preparation called 
 Fluid Tolu which will readily mix with water, and this is some- 
 times used instead of the syrup. 
 
 Dose. — From x / 2 to 1 teaspoonful. 
 For Goitre. 
 
 BANANA ROOT. 
 
 Native of the Tropics. 
 
 Properties. — It is given internally for goitre, or bronchocele. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 15 drops of the fluid extract every three 
 hours. 
 
 For Jaundice , Diarrhea, Dysentery, Fluxes, Malignant Fevers. 
 
 BARBERRY — Berber is Vulgaris. — A shrub rising from four 
 to~eight feet in height, with long, bending branches and many 
 small thorns. L,eaves, an egg shape inverted and bristly- toothed; 
 flowers, yellow and many on a stalk; berries, oblong and red, 
 and hanging in loose bunches. 
 
 The bark of the stem and root is highly esteemed in jaun- 
 dice. For this purpose it is infused in hard cider and sweetened. 
 
518 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 A syrup of the berries is also given in diarrhea, dysentery, fluxes 
 and malignant fevers, and this syrup diluted makes an excellent 
 drink for quenching thirst, abating heat and raising the strength, 
 especially in bilious fevers. Of the infusion in hard cider for 
 jaundice the dose is a fluid ounce (2 tablespoonfuls) four or 
 five times a day. If the powdered bark is taken as a tonic, 
 small doses are recommended; taken as a cathartic, a teaspoonful 
 every two or three hours until it operates. For fluxes, diarrhea, 
 dysentery, etc., the syrup, infusion or decoction may be taken as 
 the stomach will bear. A jam of the berries is also made for 
 table use. 
 
 Fo? Headache, Vertigo, Epilepsy, Spasmodic Cough, etc. 
 
 BASSWOOD— Tilia Glabra, called also Tiwa Tree, Lin- 
 den Tree, Lime Tree, etc. — This is a forest tree, very large 
 and beautiful, which attains to a great size and has broad leaves 
 and yellowish- white flowers. The wood is white and soft, and 
 when dry will swim on the water like cork. 
 
 The leaves and bark of this tree are used as poultices, and 
 the flowers are employed in infusion for headache, vertigo, 
 epilepsy, spasmodic cough and other complaints. The infusion 
 should be drank in quantities according to its effect. 
 
 For Cankers, Scrofulous Tumors, etc. 
 
 B A Y B E R R Y — Myrica Cerifera, called also Candle 
 Berry, Wax Berry, Wax Myrtle, etc. — This plant is found 
 growing more abundantly near large bodies of water, as, for 
 instance, near the seashore or the Great Lakes. The flowers 
 produce one-seeded nuts about the size of a pea, which are blackish 
 and covered with a white waxy incrustation. 
 
 It is an invaluable remedy for removing canker from the 
 system in all chronic cases. It is also useful in poultices for old 
 sores, scrofulous tumors, etc. A constant drink of Bayberry and 
 Sumach bark is excellent for scrofula in almost any stage. The 
 bark in infusion or decoction may be taken freely internally, and 
 is used externally in poultices. 
 
 For Diabetes, Inco?itinence of l/tine, Ulcers, Scrofulous Diseases, 
 Dyspeptic Affections. 
 
 BEECH — Fagus Ferruginea, called also Red BEECH, etc. 
 — A decoction of the bark is used in diabetes, also for chil- 
 dren's cases of incontinence of urine at night. A decoction of 
 the leaves may be used with success in obstinate ulcers, skin 
 
HERB REM ED IES. 5 1 9 
 
 diseases, and dyspeptic affections accompanied with weakness, 
 headache, and low spirits. A dose of the decoction is a wine- 
 glassful. 
 
 For Ulcerous and Cancerous Affections ', Hemorrhage of the Bowels. 
 
 BEECH DROPS — Epiphegus Virginianus, called also Can- 
 cer Root, etc. — This plant is a parasite found growing upon 
 the roots of the beech tree. It is of a yellowish white or brown 
 color, and has a naked, sickly appearance. The root is bulbous 
 and of a yellow color. The stem is from eight to fifteen inches 
 high, has many branches, but in place of leaves is beset with 
 short, scattering scales. It has numerous flowers, growing all 
 along the branches just above the scales. It must be gathered 
 before the frost touches it. 
 
 Beech drops are astringent, and are used in ulcerous and 
 cancerous affections. The roots and tops may be powdered and 
 the powder sprinkled on the ulcer after the use of caustics, or a 
 tea may be made and used as a wash. They are also combined 
 with Crowfoot and Cherry bark as a remedy in hemorrhages 
 of the bowels. This combination also makes an excellent gargle 
 for ulcers of the mouth. 
 
 BELLADONNA.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Wounds, Sores, Poisonous Bites, Sore Throat, Inflamed Eyes, 
 Erysipelas. 
 
 BELL WORT — Uvularia Perfoliata, called also Mohawk 
 Weed. — The stalk rises from one-half to one and one-half feet 
 high, and is usually divided into two equal branches at the top, 
 on one of which is a triangular-shaped seed vessel. It has yellow 
 flowers that come out in May. The roots are white and possess 
 but little taste or smell. When the plant is young, it somewhat 
 resembles the Solomon's Seal. It grows in rich soil and is found 
 in nearly all the Western States. 
 
 The Indians used it for wounds and sores and for the bites 
 of rattlesnakes and other reptiles. It is also useful in sore mouth, 
 in inflammation of the gums or larynx, and for inflamed eyes. 
 When chewed and the juice swallowed, it is considered a cure for 
 sore throat. The root in decoction may be taken freely, or 
 powdered and made into an ointment or poultice for outward 
 application. Also used in erysipelas. 
 
 For Cholera Infantum, Diarrhea, Dvsenlerv, Affections of the 
 Urinary Passages. 
 
 BENE-BENNI, or BENNE — Sesamum Indicum, called 
 also Oii,y Grain, etc. — This plant is a native of Egypt, but is 
 
520 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 cultivated in this country. It has a branching stem, four or five 
 feet in height. The leaves vary in shape. The flowers are of a 
 reddish white color. The fruit is an oblong capsule, containing 
 small, oval, yellowish seeds. 
 
 The leaves stirred into water make a fine mucilage, and this 
 drink is much employed in cholera infantum, diarrhea, dysentery 
 and affections of the urinary passages. One or two of the leaves 
 stirred into half a pint of water make it sufficiently mucilagi- 
 nous. 
 
 For Syphilitic and Scrofulous Complaints, Salt Rheum, Acne, 
 Eczema, etc. 
 
 BERBERIS AQUIFOLIUM. 
 
 Native of Western United States. 
 
 Properties. — This is one of the most important of the 
 newly discovered remedies now in use. It is a powerful altera- 
 tive, and at the same time is a tonic. In constitutional syphilis 
 and in scrofulous complaints its use is attended with remarkably 
 good results. In the case of syphilitic ulcerations it should be 
 combined with suitable local treatment. In such case it improves 
 the general tone of the system with a like favorable change in 
 the condition of the ulcer. Salt rheum, acne, eczema, scrofula 
 and other skin diseases yields to its influence. It is also useful 
 in " liver complaint," Bright' s disease, pulmonary consumption, 
 coughs, etc. It is also used in uterine troubles, and is combined 
 with Cascara Sagrada in constipation. 
 
 Dose. — From 2 to 6 drops of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Hemorrhages, Lung Diseases, Asthma, Cough, Leucorrhea, 
 Ulcers, Carbuncles, Snake Bites, after Confinement. 
 
 BETHROOT — Trillium Purpureum, called also Birth 
 Root, Ground Iyii,Y, I^amb's Quarter, Indian Bai<m, Three- 
 Leaved Nightshade, etc. — This plant rises about a foot in 
 height, and has three leaves, nearly as broad as long, at the top 
 of the stem, from between which springs a single, bell-shaped 
 flower, purple or white in color and of a fishy odor. It grows in 
 damp, shady places, blossoming in the Southern States in April, 
 and farther north, in May. See illustration. 
 
 It is taken internally for hemorrhages — where the urine 
 voided contains blood, hemorrhage of the womb or immoderate 
 menstrual evacuations, spitting of blood, etc. — for lung diseases, 
 asthma, cough. Also employed in leucorrhea. An infusion is 
 made by adding a pint of boiling water to a tablespoonful of the 
 powder, and may be drank freely; or the powdered root may be 
 
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HBRB REM ED IBS. 5 2 1 
 
 given in doses of ^ to 1 teaspoonful. In checking hemorrhages 
 the powder may be added to Raspberry leaf tea instead of water, 
 and the infusion made strong. Of this from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls 
 may be given at a dose and increased gradually if necessary. 
 Externally it is used as a poultice for tumors, ulcers, car- 
 buncles and mortifications, and for this purpose is often 
 combined with blood root. Combined with blood root as a tonic 
 and given after a cathartic, it is said to be a certain cure for 
 inflamed carbuncles and ulcers. It is also claimed that chewing 
 the root and swallowing the juice will cure the bite of a rattle- 
 snake, either in men or cattle. The infusion was much used by 
 Indian women after confinement. In the case of leucorrhea it 
 should be used in injections as well as taken internally. 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Costiveness, Liver Complaint, Gravel, Dropsy, 
 Consumptive Coughs, Asthma, Whooping Cough. 
 
 BINDWEED — Convolvulus Panduratus, called also Man 
 Root, Man-in-the- Ground, Wild Scammony, Wild Potato, 
 Wild Rhubarb. — A trailing vine that grows all over the United 
 States in loose, sandy soils. The root is milky inside and runs 
 deep into the earth. The flowers are funnel-form, large and 
 white with a purple tinge. The leaves are pointed, heart-shaped, 
 and sometimes contracted near the middle, making them some- 
 what resemble a fiddle. 
 
 A celebrated Indian remedy. The root powdered, in doses 
 of from 10 to 12 grains, or taken in decoction, is employed in 
 dyspepsia, costiveness, liver complaints, gravel and dropsy. 
 Made into a syrup with Balm of Gilead buds and Skunk Cabbage, 
 it is very beneficial in consumptive coughs, asthma and 
 whooping cough. 
 
 For Hemorrhage, Diarrhea, Chronic Dysentery, Leucorrhea, Gleet, 
 Spongy Gums, Discharging Ulcers. 
 
 BISTORT — Polygonum Bistorta, called also Great 
 Bistort, Snake Weed, Patience Dock, etc. — This is a 
 troublesome weed found in meadows. The root is creeping, 
 woody and crooked and about the thickness of the finger, reddish 
 within and surrounded with slender fibers of a brownish black 
 color on the outside. The single stem rises to a height of from 
 twelve to eighteen inches. The leaves are egg-shaped, of a 
 bright green color, and on the under side are covered with a fine 
 white powder, which easily rubs off. The stem ends in a spike 
 of rose-colored flowers. The root, which is the part used in 
 medicine, is without odor, but is very astringent to the taste. 
 
 The powdered root in doses of ^ to 1 teaspoonful is found 
 useful in hemorrhage, diarrhea and chronic dysentery. The 
 
522 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 decoction is also employed as an astringent injection in leucorrhea 
 and gleet, as a gargle in spongy gums and sore throat, and as a 
 wash for discharging ulcers. The decoction is also taken intern- 
 ally, the dose being from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 For Blood Purification and Bilious Diseases. 
 
 BITTER DOCK — Rumex Obtusifolius , called also Broad- 
 Leaved Dock and Blunt- Leaved Dock. — This plant is similar 
 in growth to the yellow or narrow-leaved dock. The leaves are 
 broad, and spring from the stem one in a place, the same as the 
 narrow-leaved variety. The root is thick and branching, brown 
 on the outside and yellow within. It flowers a month later than 
 the yellow dock. It grows about two feet in height. 
 
 It is used similar to the Yellow Dock. 
 
 For Use as a Tonic. 
 
 BITTER ROOT — Apocynum Cannabinum, called also 
 American Ipecac, Black Indian Hemp, Indian Physic, etc. 
 This plant is a native of the United States. It grows in meadows 
 and low, moist woods. The stems are of a reddish color and 
 grow about two feet in height. The leaves are numerous and 
 hang on foot-stalks. The flowers form a loose, long cluster at 
 the ends of the stems. They are whitish, similar to Buckwheat, 
 and terminate in pods resembling cucumbers. The root is a 
 branching tuber. 
 
 The plant is emetic, cathartic, tonic and diuretic. It is a 
 safe and effective emetic given in doses of 30 grains of the 
 powder; given in smaller doses, of from 3 to 4 grains at a time, it 
 acts as a tonic — gives tone to the stomach and is useful in 
 dyspepsia. It is also given in small doses in dropsy, in which 
 disease it will often cause large discharges of water and copious 
 perspiration. Its principal use, however, is as a tonic, for which 
 purpose it may be combined with other herbs that have tonic 
 properties. 
 
 For Scrofula and Skin Diseases, Tumors, Ulcers \ Liver Complaint. 
 
 BITTERSWEET — Solanum Dulcamara, called also 
 Woody Nightshade and Bittersweet Nightshade. — This 
 is an undershrub or vine, woody at the base, with soft stem, 
 leaves in bunches at the joints, and purple flowers that blossom in 
 June and July and are followed by scarlet berries. Usually 
 found in moist situations, especially on rise of ground in swampy 
 localities. See illustration. 
 
 This herb is not taken internal^ to any great extent unless 
 combined with other remedies. Used in combination with 
 
BITTERSWEET. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 
 This herb is used in Scrofulous aud Skin Diseases, in Livei 
 Comtiiamt, and for Tumors and Ulcers. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 523 
 
 Yellow Dock, equal parts of each, a decoction or syrup may be 
 made of the twigs and leaves which is very beneficial in scrofu- 
 lous diseases, skin diseases, hard tumors, ill-conditioned ulcers 
 and liver complaints. The decoction also makes an excellent 
 wash for ulcerous sores and skin diseases. 
 
 For Intermittent and Bilious Fevers, Debility, Dropsies, Gangrene, 
 Pulmonary Affections, Bleeding Piles, Worms. 
 
 BLACK ALDER — Prinos Verticillatus , called also Fever 
 Bush, Winterberry, etc. — Commonly grows in bunches six or 
 eight feet in height, and is usually found in thickets on the edge 
 of pools and marshy places. It has small white flowers, growing 
 in tufts and appearing with the leaves. These are followed by 
 bunches of berries of a bright red color, about the size of a pea 
 and bitter and unpleasant to the taste. The bark is moderately 
 bitter. 
 
 This plant has been very successfully used in intermittent 
 and bilious fevers. It is a good tonic in cases of debility, also in 
 dropsies, and gangrene in the early stages. A decoction or 
 infuson may be taken in doses from ^ to a full teacupful. 
 The decoction is made by boiling 2 ounces of the bark in 3 pints 
 of water down to a quart. It also makes a useful wash in 
 obstinate skin diseases. The berries infused in Brandy are used 
 in pulmonary affections and bleeding piles, and in simple infusion 
 or decoction are given to children for worms. 
 
 Fot Chronic Diarrhea, Dysentery, Cholera Infantum, Summer 
 Complaint, Cholera Morbus. 
 
 BLACKBERRY — Rubus Occidentalis, called also Thimble- 
 berry, etc. — The bark of the root of this plant made into a 
 syrup is exceedingly valuable in chronic diarrhea, dysentery, 
 cholera infantum, summer complaint and cholera morbus. In 
 these diseases it often proves a sovereign remedy when all other 
 preparations fail. Combined with Black Cohosh, it makes an 
 excellent injection in leucorrhea and falling of the womb. 
 
 The bark of the root of this plant may be given in powder, 
 infusion, decoction or syrup. The most common, and perhaps 
 the best way to take it, is in decoction, which is made by adding 
 1 ounce of the bruised root to a pint of water. Dose, from 2 to 
 4 tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. 
 
 Fot Bowel Complaints and Digestion. 
 
 BLACK BIRCH— Betula Lenta, called also SwEET Birch, 
 Spicy Birch, Cherry Birch, etc. — This tree, which rises from 
 twenty to forty feet in height, grows in low, swampy woods. 
 
524 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The bark in decoction is tonic and astringent, and is useful 
 in all complaints of the bowels and cases of diarrhea. Made 
 into a syrup with Peach meats, or Cherry-stone meats, it is an 
 excellent remedy to promote digestion and to use as a gentle 
 restorative. 
 
 For Confinement, Disorders of Me?istruation, Rheumatism, Inflam- 
 mations, Whooping Cough. 
 
 BLACK COHOS H — Cimicifuga Racemosa, called also 
 Squaw Root, Black Snake Root, Richweed, Rattleweed, 
 etc. — This plant is found growing all over the eastern half of the 
 United States and in Canada, and was made use of by all the 
 Indian tribes. It is generally found in open woods and rich 
 soils, and grows to a height of from three to eight feet. It is not 
 common in rocky and stony places, and is very scarce in moist 
 and swampy soils. It has a thick, brownish root with long 
 fibers. It has but few leaves. Its flowers are scattered along 
 stems which are from one to three feet long, and are followed 
 by a blackish capsule which contains many seeds. See illustra- 
 tion. 
 
 It was largely used by the Indians for rheumatism, and by 
 the Indian women in confinement, hence the name of Squaw 
 Root. Also used by them for disorders of menstruation. A 
 strong decoction of this plant, combined with Slippery Kim bark, 
 forms a good poultice for every kind of inflammation. A syrup 
 of the root is a valuable remedy for coughs. It is an astringent, 
 and useful for bowel complaints, especially those of children. As 
 an astringent, a strong tea or infusion should be taken. This 
 infusion may also be used as a gargle. Cohosh is also employed 
 as a remedy for whooping cough. For this purpose it is usually 
 given in tincture. For a child one year old, the dose is from 5 
 to 10 drops four or five times a day; three to four years old, from 
 15 to 20 drops in a little sweetened water. The tincture is 
 prepared by adding a pint of spirits to 2 ounces of the pulverized 
 root. The plant may also be used in decoction. 
 
 For Uterine Tonic. 
 
 BLACK HAW — Vibernum Pruni folium. 
 
 Native of Eastern United States. 
 
 Properties. — Held in high esteem as a uterine tonic and 
 sedative. It is especially valuable in threatened abortion and as 
 a corrective of the chronic disposition to miscarry. In the latter 
 class of cases it should be given continuously in moderate doses 
 for at least a month prior to the usual time at which the miscar- 
 riage takes place. In dysmenorrhea due to almost every cause 
 it may be prescribed with benefit, commencing its administration 
 
BLOOD ROOT. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is used internally as a Tonic or Emetic, and is applied 
 externally to Ulcers, Ringworm and Ill-conditioned Sores. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 525 
 
 some days before the menstrual crisis. In after-pains and uterine 
 hemorrhages it is also valuable. It is a most useful drug in 
 menorrhagia or metorrhagia. The most common form of admin- 
 istering it is the fluid extract in % to 1 teaspoonful doses. The 
 principal objection to this form is its disagreeable taste, but that 
 can be disguised in a great measure by giving it in Cinnamon 
 water. The amount of Valerianic Acid which the fluid extract 
 contains renders it more of a sedative than the solid extract. 
 Where the disagreeable taste is objectionable, the solid extract 
 may be given in doses varying from 3 to 8 grains. It is well to 
 begin its use, in cases of menorrhagia, several days preceding the 
 flow, and continue its administration through its duration and 
 after its cessation. 
 
 Dose. — ^ to 1 fluidrachm (teaspoonful) Fluid Extract Black 
 Haw several times a day. 
 
 For Tonic and Emetic Purposes , and to Cause Sweating. 
 
 BLESSED THISTLE — Centaurea Benedicta, called also 
 Holy Thistle, Spotted Thistle, Spotted Cardus, etc. — 
 This plant grows spontaneously in the southern countries of 
 Europe, but has become naturalized in this country. It was 
 formerly held in such high repute that it obtained the name of 
 "Blessed Thistle" and was given for the plague, worms, and 
 various other diseases; also in cases of obstinate ulcers and even 
 cancers. It is now but little employed, but is a useful medicine. 
 
 A strong decoction or infusion of this plant will induce 
 vomiting. An infusion not so strong, taken warm, produces 
 perspiration, while 6 drachms (teaspoonfuls) of the leaves added 
 to a pint of cold water makes a very beneficial tonic in loss of 
 appetite and dyspepsia. It answers about the same purpose as 
 Chamomile, which is now usually given in place of it. 
 
 The dose of the powder as a tonic is from ^ to 1 teaspoon- 
 Ail; of the infusion, 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 For External Application to Ulcers, Ringworms and Ill-co?iditioned 
 Sores; for Internal Use as a Tonic or Emetic. 
 
 BLOOD ROOT — Sanguinaria Ca?iadensis, called also Red 
 Puccoon, Red Root, etc. — This plant is found growing in low 
 grounds among rocks, in meadows, etc. The root is a tuber 
 about the size of the finger. It is reddish externally, and when 
 cut a juice of a reddish orange color is discharged. See illustra- 
 tion. 
 
 This plant is capable of producing tonic, stimulant and 
 emetic effects, according to the dose and form in which it is 
 administered. In doses of from 8 to 20 grains it causes nausea 
 
526 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 and vomiting, and in doses not sufficient to cause nausea it acts 
 as a stimulant and tonic. It may be applied externally, either 
 as a powder or as a wash, to ill-conditioned ulcers, ringworm 
 and other eruptive diseases. The powder will also remove fun- 
 gous growths, and even soft polypus. It should not be given to 
 pregnant women. A Wine tincture, made by adding i ounce of 
 the pulverized root to a quart of Wine, and taken in doses of a 
 wineglassful three times a day, is beneficial in eruptions and 
 impurities of the blood. In malignant scarlet fever add from % 
 to i teaspoonful to i quart of boiling water, strain the infusion 
 and sweeten with honey. For a child of from two to four years 
 old the dose is a teaspoonful, repeated every hour through the 
 day if the child can bear it. If the surface gets broken and 
 becomes ulcerated, wash the parts with the same infusion. 
 
 For Dropsy, Venereal Diseases. 
 
 BLUE CARDINAL FLOWER— Lo&elia Syphilitica.— Is 
 of the same genus as the Iyobelia. Grows in moist places from 
 eighteen inches to three feet in height, bears a long, spiked blue 
 flower, and yields a milky juice with a rank odor. The root, 
 consisting of white fibers, is generally used in decoction, of 
 which the dose is from ^ to i wineglassful three times a day. 
 
 Used by the Indians with great success in the cure of vene- 
 real diseases. It is said the Indians combined this plant with the 
 roots of the Mandrake and the bark of Wild Cherry in making a 
 decoction for syphilis, and at the same time dusted the ulcers 
 with the powdered bark of New Jersey tea. Also valuable in 
 dropsy. 
 
 Fot Confinement and Female Complai7tts, Neivous Excitement ', Hys- 
 terical Affections, Epilepsy, Dropsy, Rheumatism. 
 
 BLUE COHOSH — Caulophyllum Thalictroides , called 
 also Papoose Root, Squaw Root, Bum Bkrry, etc. — Grows 
 from one to three feet high, and has a hard, knobby, branched 
 root that is brown outside and yellow inside. The stem divides 
 at the top into three branches, each of which has three leaves; 
 the flower stem springs from the same joint as the leaf stems. 
 The flowers are small and of a yellowish or purplish green, 
 and produce a berry of deep blue color, something like sour 
 grapes. It grows throughout the United States, but is usually 
 found on low, rich ground near streams, in swamps, or on 
 islands that have been overflowed with water. 
 
 An exceedingly valuable remedy in female complaints. The 
 Indian women make a tea or infusion of the root which they 
 drink for two or three weeks before confinement, the effect, it is 
 said, being to make delivery rapid and comparatively painless. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 527 
 
 It is used in suppression of the menses, leucorrhea and similar 
 diseases, nervous excitement and epilepsy, hysterical affections 
 and dropsy. Usually taken in infusion or decoction, and may be 
 drank freely. It is also made use of in rheumatism, for which a 
 preparation is made of 2 ounces of the Cohosh root to 1 ounce of 
 Blood Root infused in proof spirits and taken in wineglassful 
 doses three times a day. 
 
 For Dropsy r , Liver Complaint, Sore Mouth, Ulcers , Worms, Felon. 
 
 BLUE FLAG — his Versicolor, called also Flower de 
 Luce, Flag Lily, Snake Lily, Liver Lily, etc. — Found 
 throughout the United States in the borders of swamps and in 
 wet meadows. Flowers in June. 
 
 The fresh dried root given in doses of 6 to 8 grains, night 
 and morning, proves gently laxative and eradicates the most 
 inveterate taint of the system. Given as a cathartic, the dose is 
 about 20 grains. The root in decoction is good in dropsy, liver 
 complaint, sore mouth and ulcers. The leaves in infusion, or a 
 syrup made from the blossoms, is a good medicine for worms in 
 children and for loosening the bowels. An obstinate case of 
 dropsy was cured by an infusion of equal quantities of Blue Flag 
 and Male Fern root taken three times a day, taking occasionally 
 with it a little white wine. The fresh root pounded to a pulp 
 makes one of the best poultices that can be applied to a felon. 
 
 Fot the Eruptive Diseases, Coughs, Sore Throat and Constipation of 
 Children. 
 
 BLUE VIOLET — Viola Cucullata. — This is a well-known 
 little plant that grows on rich, moist land, has blossoms of a blue- 
 violet color and a small root about an inch in length. 
 
 A decoction of this plant is given to children in eruptive 
 diseases, and a syrup made of the petals may be given them for 
 cough, sore throat and constipation. 
 
 For Fevers, Influenza, Rheumatism, Dropsy. 
 
 BONESET — Eupatorium Perfoliatum. — Called also Thor- 
 
 OUGHWORT, FEVERWORT, SWEATING PLANT, CROSSWORT, 
 
 Indian Sage, Ague Weed, Vegetable Antimony, etc. — 
 Boneset grows most commonly in meadows and swamps near 
 streams. It is easily recognized by its leaves, which are joined 
 together around the stem, giving the effect of being perforated by 
 the stem. The whole plant has a grayish-green color, and the 
 flowers are of a pale white. The leaves are woolly beneath and 
 rough above, and taper from where they are joined down to a 
 
528 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 sharp point, being from three to eight inches long. The seeds 
 are black and oblong. The plant possesses little smell, but is 
 exceedingly bitter to the taste. 
 
 Boneset is particularly valuable in fevers — intermittent, 
 remittent and continued fevers. A cold infusion or decoction 
 may be given as a tonic. A warm infusion ma}' be given as an 
 emetic, or to assist the action of other emetics. It is also recom- 
 mended for influenza, and may be given with advantage in 
 rheumatism and dropsy. It may be taken freely, a teacupful 
 at a time. 
 
 For Bilious Disorders, Jaundice, Low Spirits, Intermittent Fevers. 
 
 BOXWOOD, or DOGWOOD— Cornus Florida.— This tree 
 is found throughout the United States, but more plentifully in 
 the Middle and Southern States. In the months of April, 
 May and June, according to its latitude, it is covered with a 
 profusion of large, elegant white flowers. 
 
 The bark of the root, stems and smaller branches is used 
 (that of the root is best) and is a valuable remedy in bilious 
 disorders, jaundice and low spirits. In the case of intermittent 
 fevers the dose is from Ys to i teaspoonful of the dried bark, 
 which is greatly preferable to the fresh bark as the fresh 
 disagrees with the stomach, repeating so that from i to 2 table- 
 spoonfuls may be taken between the attacks. For the infu- 
 sion, take 1 ounce of the bark to a pint of boiling water. The 
 ripe fruit infused in spirits makes an excellent tonic bitters. 
 
 For Consumption, Menses, Scurvy. 
 
 BROOK-LIME — Veronica Beccabunga, called also Becca- 
 bunga. — Found in ditches. Grows to the height of nine to 
 eighteen inches. Has blue flowers, no odor, and is insipid to the 
 taste. 
 
 The herb in infusion is used in scurvy and to purify the 
 blood, without much regard as to dose. The fresh plant may 
 be eaten as food, or the juice may be taken in large quantities 
 with advantage for these complaints. It is a valuable remedy 
 for indigestion and consumption, and in the form of bitters is 
 good to regulate the menses. 
 
 For Urinary Complaints, Rheumatism, Dyspepsia, etc. 
 
 BUCHU. 
 
 Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 
 
 Properties. — The value of this plant as a medicine was first 
 learned from the Hottentots. The leaves are used principally in 
 urinary complaints, as gravel, chronic catarrh of the bladder, 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 529 
 
 etc. They are also recommended in chronic rheumatism, dys- 
 pepsia and skin affections. They may be given in powder, infu- 
 sion or tincture. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powder, from 20 to 30 grains two or three 
 times a day; of the infusion, made by adding an ounce of the 
 leaves to a pint of boiling water, from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 For Scurvy, Hypochondria, Rheumatism, Ague, Shingles, as a 
 Tonic. 
 
 BUCKBEAN — Me?iyanthes Trifoliata, called also Bitter- 
 worm, Marsh Trefoil and Water Shamrock. — Grows from 
 six to twelve inches high in swamps and stagnant waters all 
 over the northern part of the country. It blossoms in May and 
 June and bears many white flowers, which are tipped externally 
 with red and fringed with white filaments within. 
 
 It is a tonic, good in scurvy, hypochondria, rheumatism, 
 ague, also in shingles and other eruptions of a herpetic (ring- 
 worm) nature. An infusion is made of the dried leaves, 1 ounce 
 of the leaves to a pint of boiling water, of which from 2 to 4 
 tablespoonfuls may be taken two or three times a day. 
 
 For Coughs, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Soreness of the Stomach and 
 Bowels. 
 
 BUCKTHORN BRAKE— Osmunda Regalis.—^hSs is 
 found in meadows and low, moist grounds. The main root is 
 about two inches long, and somewhat in the shape of a horn. The 
 stems are smooth, slender and brownish, and grow about three 
 feet high. The flowers grow in a cluster at the top of the stem, 
 and are succeeded by numerous seed vessels which are at first 
 green and subsequently of a brownish color. The roots should 
 be collected in August, or about the first of April, and should be 
 dried with care, as otherwise there is danger of their becoming 
 mouldy. 
 
 A mucilage is obtained from the roots by steeping them in 
 hot water, and this, with the addition of loaf sugar, Ginger, 
 Brandy, etc., makes an excellent jelly, which is useful in coughs, 
 diarrhea, dysentery, and soreness of the stomach and bowels; 
 also beneficial in convalescence from any sickness. The ordinary 
 dose is ^2 wineglassful, which may be frequently repeated. 
 The mucilage mixed with Brandy is also used as an external 
 application for sprains and weakness of the back. 
 
 For Coughs, Consumption, III- Conditioned Sores. 
 
 BUGLE WEED — Lycopus Virginicus, called also Water 
 Horehound, Water Bugle, Gypsy wort, etc. — Found grow- 
 34 
 
530 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 ing near water — in ditches, creeks, swamps, etc. It has white 
 flowers that blossom from July to September. The leaves grow 
 opposite each other on the stem, two in a place. 
 
 The leaves and stems are used in infusion, which may be 
 drank freely. Useful in coughs, in bleeding of the lungs, and in 
 consumption in its incipient state (the beginning of). It is also 
 a good drink and wash for patients having ill-conditioned sores. 
 
 For Kidney Diseases , Salt Rheum, Herpes, Ulcers, Skin Diseases, 
 Rheumatism. 
 
 BURDOCK — Arctium Lappa. — This plant has been natu- 
 ralized in this country, and grows abundantly along the sides of 
 roads, etc., to the height of about three feet. It is well known 
 by the burrs or heads which adhere to the clothes. 
 
 A decoction made by boiling 2 ounces of the fresh root in 3 
 pints of water down to 2 pints, may be given in diseases of the 
 kidneys and obstruction of the urine, and especially for dropsy, 
 1 pint to be taken in the course of twenty-four hours. It is also 
 given in decoction in salt rheum, herpes, ulcers, rheumatism, and 
 all diseases of the skin. The leaves bruised with a roller and 
 moistened with hot drops form an excellent application for 
 sprains, bruises and other external injuries. In gouty affections 
 where the feet are swelled, the same application is of benefit. 
 
 For Poisoning by Ivy, Inflammation of the Bladder, and Kidney 
 Diseases. 
 
 BUSH HONEYSUCKLE— DierviUa Canadensis, called 
 also Gravel Weed. — Bears a yellow flower and is common all 
 over the Northern States. 
 
 A few applications in the case of poisoning by ivy will 
 relieve the itching and check the inflammation and swelling. A 
 cold infusion of the leaves and twigs drank freely is a useful 
 remedy in inflammation of the bladder with gravelly deposits, 
 hence the name of Gravel Weed. 
 
 For Cathartic Purposes. 
 
 BUTTERNUT — Juglans Cinetia, called also White 
 Walnut. — This is a common, well-known tree in the United 
 States. An extract of the inner bark in doses of from 15 to 30 
 grains operates as an active cathartic without causing heat or 
 irritation, and is not so liable to leave the bowels in a costive 
 state as many other cathartics. The bark for making the 
 extract should be procured in May or June. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 3 1 
 
 For Affections of the Urinary Organs and Snake Bites. 
 
 BUTTON SNAKE ROOT— Liatns Spicata, called also 
 Gay Feather, Corn Snake Root, etc. — This is a native of 
 our Western prairies. It has a round stalk, sometimes growing 
 two feet high, with leaves scattered along it, and growing from 
 the top a ball as large as a musket ball, thickly covered with white 
 bloom. The root consists of a knob an inch long, and appears 
 as if decayed or rotted off. In taste it resembles the Black 
 Snake Root. 
 
 In large doses it acts upon the urinary organs, promoting 
 the secretion and discharge of urine. Also beneficial in chronic 
 inflammation of the urinary organs attended with mucous 
 discharges. For this purpose it is best given in decoction, made 
 by boiling an ounce of the root in 1^ pints of water until 
 reduced to a pint, which is to be drank in the course of twenty- 
 four hours. Taken in smaller doses, it is a stimulant and tonic, 
 but for this purpose it is better made into a tincture, prepared by 
 adding 2 ounces of the bruised root to a pint of Wine or diluted 
 Alcohol, the dose of which is a tablespoonful three times a day. 
 The root, chewed and laid on the wound, is said to be an 
 infallible cure for the bite of venomous reptiles. If this can be 
 done when first bitten, it prevents the parts from swelling. A 
 decoction of the plant in milk should be taken internally at the 
 same time. 
 
 For Dropsy, Intestinal Worms , Obstructed Menstruation, Bites of 
 Serpents. 
 
 CAINCA ROOT. 
 Native of Brazil. 
 
 Properties. — Cainca is mainly employed in the treatment 
 of dropsies, for which purpose it has been found very useful. 
 It is also recommended in the treatment of intestinal worms and 
 in obstructed menstruation. It is much used by the natives for 
 the bites of poisonous serpents and in rheumatic pains. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 3 teaspoon fuls a day of a decoction of the 
 root. 
 
 For Nervous Diseases, Bowel Complaints, Neuralgia, etc. 
 
 CALIFORNIA L A U R E L— Umbellula? ia Californica, 
 called also California Olive, Cajeput Tree, Spice Bush, 
 Spice Tree, Pepperwood Tree, Mountain Laurel, Balm 
 of Heaven, California Sassafras and Bay Tree. 
 
 Native of California. 
 
532 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Properties. — Will be found useful in nervous headache by 
 inhaling the odor from the pressed leaves, care being taken not 
 to continue it after relieved. Also much used in cerebro-spinal 
 meningitis. It is useful as a stimulant, and used in bowel 
 troubles, especially when resulting from constitutional debility. 
 Also used in muscular cramps, chills and fever, rheumatism, 
 neuralgia, and is very useful in stopping earache or toothache, 
 a pledget of cotton being saturated with the fluid extract, or oil, 
 and applied. 
 
 Dose. — 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 
 CALISAYA. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 Fot Netvous Affections. 
 
 CAMPHOR— Camphora. 
 
 Native of Sumatra, China and Japan. 
 
 Properties.— Camphor in small doses is a mild stimulant, 
 and may aid sometimes in relieving nervousness and excitement 
 by increasing the physical powers. In the same way it some- 
 times aids in relieving headache, palpitation and hiccough. At 
 one time it enjoyed some reputation as a remedy in epilepsy and 
 typhoid conditions, also in cholera during the early stages, but it 
 is not now much used internally. Given in large doses, it is 
 depressing. It is eliminated rapidly, hence its effects are 
 transient. Its principal use is in liniments and in the well-known 
 Spirits of Camphor. In the form of liniment it is sometimes used 
 in neuralgic pains. Applied in strong solution it is a counter- 
 irritant, and is often added to other strong counter-irritants to 
 produce blistering. When Spirits of Camphor is inhaled it 
 seems to produce the same effect as when taken internally. 
 
 Dose. — Taken internally, from 1 to 3 grains of the Camphor 
 "gum." 
 
 For Flatulencv, Colic. 
 
 CARAWAY — Carum Carui. — Has a spindle-shaped root, 
 a stalk rising to the height of about two feet, and numerous 
 white or pale flesh-colored flowers. Cultivated in gardens. 
 
 Caraway seeds generally afford a considerable relief to per- 
 sons afflicted with flatulency or liable to colic. Of the seeds in 
 substance, the dose is from ^ to 1 teaspoonful. The infusion is 
 made of 2 teaspoonfuls to a pint of boiling water. Of the oil the 
 dose is from 1 to 10 drops. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 533 
 
 For Wind Colic and Indigestion. 
 
 CARDAMON- — Ellettaria Cardamomum. 
 Native of Malabar, Ceylon and the West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — The seeds of this plant are pleasant to the 
 taste, and are warming and stimulating to the stomach, aiding in 
 digestion and acting as a nervine as well. Also valuable in wind 
 colic. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powdered seeds, from 5 to 10 grains; of the 
 tincture, from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 For Syphilis and Syphilitic Ulcers. 
 
 CAROBA — Jacaranda Procera. 
 
 Native of Brazil. 
 
 Properties. — Is a valuable and effective cure for syphilis. 
 May be combined advantageously with Iodide of Potassium in 
 cases where there are pains in the limbs. Its principal use, how- 
 ever, is external application to obstinate syphilitic ulcers. The 
 leaves were used by the Indians for wounds and skin diseases, 
 and were also used by the Portuguese for this purpose. 
 
 Dose. — % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Kidney and Bladder Complaints — Obstructed Menses — Dysen- 
 tery — Chronic Coughs — Hiccoughs — Flatulent Disorders — 
 Ulcers and Fissures. 
 
 CARROT — Daucus Carota. — Called also Bird's Nest, 
 Bee's Nest, etc. — Wild carrot is a common weed in this coun- 
 try, growing by waysides and in old fields. It is similar to gar- 
 den carrot except that the stalks are whiter and rougher. See 
 illustration. 
 
 Given in strong decoction it is very useful in gravel com- 
 plaints and in the passage of stone from the kidneys and 
 bladder. Also used in cancerous ulcers and fissures of the 
 nipples. The seeds are useful in flatulent disorders, obstructed 
 menses, hiccough, chronic coughs and dysentery. The dose of 
 the bruised seeds is from % to yi teaspoonful or more; or a strong 
 tea or decoction of the seeds may be drank freely warm. 
 
 Of the cultivated carrot the root only is used, and, freshly 
 scraped, is an excellent application to sloughing and cancerous 
 ulcers. 
 
 CASCARA SAGRADA.— (See A Chapter on Medi- 
 cines) . 
 
534 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 For Debility of the Stomach and Bowels. 
 
 CASCARILLA. 
 
 Native of Bahama Islands in West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — The bark of this plant is a pleasant and stimu- 
 lant stomachic, used in dyspepsia, chronic diarrhea, dysentery 
 flatulent colic, and other cases of debility of the stomach 
 and bowels. It is often combined with the more powerful bitters 
 and used for the same purposes. 
 
 Dose. — Given in powder, the dose is from *A to }4 teaspoon- 
 ful or more, and may be taken several times a day. 
 
 Fo? Cathartic Purposes. 
 
 CASTOR BEAN — Ricinus Communis. 
 
 Native of East Indies and Northern Africa. 
 
 Properties. — The seeds of the Castor Bean are expressed 
 and yield an oil termed Castor Oil. Castor Oil is one of the most 
 common cathartics in use, and, being mild and certain in its 
 action, is largely used. It is excellent in relieving obstinate 
 constipation, colic, strangulated hernia and piles on account of 
 the mildness of its action. Taken in minute doses the oil often 
 cures obstinate coughs. This plant is now extensively cultivated 
 in the United States. 
 
 Dose. — For infants and small children, i teaspoonful of Cas- 
 tor Oil; for adults, i tablespoonful. 
 
 Note. — A preparation of Castor Oil that is now much used is Laxol (see 
 Index). In this preparation, which is ninety-nine per cent Castor Oil, the 
 nauseating and unpleasant taste of the oil is disguised. 
 
 For Hysterical and Nervous Affections. 
 
 CATNIP — Nepeta Cata?ia, called also Catmint, Cat- 
 wort, etc. — Catnip is too common a plant to need description, 
 either as to appearance or use. " Catnip tea " is given in colds 
 and to produce perspiration, and makes a very valuable drink in 
 hysterical and nervous affections, as well as in all diseases of the 
 womb except inflammation. It is much given to infants to 
 relieve flatulency and colicky pains. It is also much used exter- 
 nally in poultices. 
 
 Fo? Stimulating Digestion, Checking Vomiting of Drunkards t 
 Delirium Tremens a?id Local Application. 
 
 CAYENNE PEPPER, or CAPSICUM — Capsicum 
 Annuum. 
 
 Native of South and Central America, Africa and Europe. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 535 
 
 Properties. — Capsicum is an irritant and local stimulant. 
 When taken internally in moderate doses, it produces a sense of 
 warmth, increases the secretions of the stomach and thus aids 
 digestion. It is often used to check the vomiting of drunkards 
 and the condition present following an attack of delirium tre- 
 mens. There are various forms for its administration. A very- 
 good one for the conditions just mentioned is to add a consider- 
 able quantity to some form of soup. It is recommended by some 
 as one of the few remedies to stimulate the nervous system in 
 those who are trying to break off the habit of alcoholic liquors. 
 Its continuous local application is said to be strong enough to 
 cause blistering. The Tincture of Capsicum is frequently used 
 in liniments for rheumatism, neuralgia, headache, flatulent colic, 
 etc. The powder is also much used to sprinkle over the surface 
 of plasters applied externally. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 drops to % teaspoonful of Tincture of Cap- 
 sicum, well diluted. 
 
 For Poisonous Bites , Hydrophobia, Dyspeptic Affections, Cholera 
 Morbus, Neuralgia and Gout. 
 
 CEDRON SEED — Simaruba Cedron. 
 
 Native of South America. 
 
 Properties. — Reputed of value as a remedy for bites of 
 insects and serpents; for hydrophobia; and of service in inter- 
 mittent fever, spasm of the bowels and stomach, dyspeptic affec- 
 tions, cholera morbus, neuralgia of the face and gout. For 
 serpent bites it is recommended to administer the fluid extract in 
 6-drop doses and to dress the bite with the fluid extract. It is 
 rarely necessary to repeat the dose. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 8 drops of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Warts, Ringworm and Old Ulcers. 
 
 CELANDIN E — Chelidonium Majus. — Grows in marshy 
 places, stands two to three feet high, and has round, green, watery 
 stalks with large joints, very brittle and transparent. The leaves 
 are large, notched around the edges and very tender. The 
 flowers are yellow and consist of four petals. After these come 
 long pods which when pressed by the fingers instantly fly into 
 pieces. 
 
 The juice of this plant rubbed on warts will remove them. 
 It is also useful in curing ringworm and for cleansing old ulcers. 
 The roots, boiled in hog's lard, make a valuable ointment for 
 piles and salt rheum. At the same time a tincture of the Celan- 
 dine should be taken. This is prepared by digesting 1 ounce of 
 the plant in a pint of spirits (see Tinctures) . 
 
536 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Pulmonary Consumption, Hysterics, Colics, Gout, Vomiting in 
 Confinement, etc. 
 
 CHAMOMILE — Anthemis Nobilis, called also Roman 
 Chamomile. — This plant is not a native of this country, but 
 is cultivated here for medical purposes. It grows nearly a foot 
 in height, and has slender, trailing, hairy stems. The flowers 
 are yellow in the center, surrounded by a ray of white petals. 
 See illustration. 
 
 The flowers have a strong, spicy smell, and a bitter, 
 nauseous taste. They are useful in pulmonary consumption, 
 hysteria, spasmodic and flatulent colics, in gout, intermittent and 
 typhus fevers, and in vomiting of women in pregnancy. For 
 derangement of the stomach and digestive organs no better bitter 
 can be given. They may be given in warm infusion, or in cases 
 of debility may be made into a tincture with Wine. Boiled in 
 milk or vinegar, they may be applied as a fomentation to painful 
 swellings of the glands in any portion of the body. 
 
 For Bronchitis, Winter Cough, etc. 
 
 CHEKAN — Eugenia Cheken. 
 
 Native of Chili. 
 
 Properties. — Introduced from Chili as a remedy in chronic 
 catarrhal inflammation of the mucous lining of the respiratory 
 organs. Dr. Murrell, of London, especially commends it in 
 winter cough, that annoying and obstinate affection of elderly 
 people. Dr. Dessaur, of the German hospital of Valparaiso, 
 speaks highly of its effects in the purulent form of bronchitis, 
 and others who have tested its virtues recommend it as a valu- 
 able addition to the list of remedies in chronic bronchitis. 
 
 Dose. — From i to 3 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 
 
 For External Application to Inflammatory Swellings. 
 
 CHICKWEED — Cerastium Vulgatmn. — This is a common 
 plant that springs up spontaneously and has to be weeded out of 
 gardens. 
 
 It is principally used as an ointment for application to inflam- 
 matory swellings. Combined with Klecampane, the Germans 
 consider it a specific for hydrophobia. 
 
 For Stomach Tonic and Bowel Complaints, a?id to disguise the taste 
 and smell of other remedies. 
 
 CINNAMON — Cinnamomum. 
 Native of Island of Ceylon. 
 
 Properties. — Cinnamon is a very pleasant and grateful 
 aromatic. It is stimulating and warming to the stomach, and 
 
CHAMOMILE. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is useful in Pulmonary Consumption, Hysteria, Colics, 
 Gout, Vomiting in Confinement, etc. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 53; 
 
 also produces a tonic effect. It is very useful in bowel com- 
 plaints. It is much used in conjunction with other remedies 
 to disguise their taste and smell, and is also commonly used as a 
 flavoring extract. 
 
 Dose. — Given in powder in small ^-of-a-teaspoonful doses. 
 
 For Kidney and Bladder Troubles, Scurvy, Shitting of Blood, 
 Tumors. 
 
 CLEAVER S — Galium Aparine, called also CuvKRS, 
 Catch Wbkd, Goosk Grass, etc. — Grows in moist places to a 
 height of from three to eight feet, and creeps upon bushes and 
 fences. L,eaves small; flowers small and white. 
 
 This is an excellent remedy in gravelly disorders and inflam- 
 matory affections of the kidneys and bladder. It is taken in 
 infusion, which should be made in cold water, 4 ounces to 1 quart 
 of water, and drank freely and often. This infusion has also 
 been found beneficial in the cure of scurvy and spitting of blood. 
 The expressed juice of the plant mixed with oatmeal to the con- 
 sistence of a poultice and applied cold over indolent (painless) 
 tumors, keeping the bowels open in the meantime with Castor 
 Oil and taking a tablespoonful of the juice every morning, will 
 often disperse them in a short time. 
 
 For Nausea, Vomiting, Cholera Morbus, Toothache. 
 
 CLOVES — Caryophyllus. 
 
 Native of Kast and West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — A decoction of cloves is sometimes used to 
 allay nausea and check vomiting. It will also relieve wind colic. 
 It is made by boiling 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls of the ground cloves in 
 % pint of sweet milk. This may be given in tablespoonful 
 doses, as hot as can be borne, every fifteen to thirty minutes. 
 This decoction is also valuable in cholera morbus. The Oil of 
 Cloves may be given in place of the powder, and is also used in 
 the cure of toothache, a little of the oil being put on batting and 
 introduced into the cavity. 
 
 Dose. — Of the decoction, as above; of the oil, from 1 to 2 
 drops. 
 
 For Nervous Headache, General Debility, Typhoid Conditions. 
 
 COCA — Erythroxylon Coca, 
 
 Native of the Andes in Peru and Bolivia. 
 
 Properties. — Coca is fully represented by its well-known 
 active principle, Cocaine. Cocaine is both a stimulant and a 
 narcotic. Taken in small doses it first stimulates the heart 
 action and respiration; if the dose is increased, it produces 
 
538 FA V0R1TB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 unconsciousness and dangerous symptoms. The continued use 
 of cocaine produces sleeplessness, decay both of the mental and 
 moral powers and, later, emaciation and death. 
 
 Applied locally, it is a powerful anesthetic to a limited area, 
 hence is valuable in many forms of minor surgery. Combined 
 with Carbolic Acid, it forms the well-known remedy for s ' pain- 
 less extraction of teeth. ' ' 
 
 For Rheumatism, Sudden Colds, Nervous Debility, Dizziness, Head- 
 ache, Pains of the Stomach and Bowels, Irregularity of the 
 Menses. 
 
 COCASH — Aster Puniceus, called also Meadow Scabish, 
 Frostweed, Red-stacked Aster, etc. — The Cocash grows in 
 wet grounds. The stem is from two to three feet high, of a 
 reddish color, covered with short, stiff bristles, is thickly branched 
 at the top and easily broken. The leaves are rough on the 
 margin and upper surface, tapering at both ends, and are bor- 
 dered with teeth not set very close together. The flowers are of 
 a light blue, and grow in spreading clusters at the tops of the 
 stems and branches. They blossom about the first of September 
 and remain in bloom until late in the autumn. 
 
 This plant is an agreeable stimulant and promotes perspira- 
 tion. It is perfectly harmless and may be taken without regard 
 to quantity. The infusion is prepared by steeping the fresh 
 bruised roots and leaves in hot water, and is useful in rheuma- 
 tism, sudden colds, nervous debility, dizziness, headache, pains 
 of the stomach and bowels and irregularity of the menstrual 
 discharges. 
 
 For Bronchitis ana Pulmonary Co?isumption. 
 
 COCILLANA— Guarea. 
 Native of Bolivia. 
 
 Properties. — Expectorant, tonic, laxative. This is a new 
 remedy that acts on the respiratory organs in a manner similar to 
 Ipecac, but said to be "superior in certain diseases of the air 
 passages in which the latter is often used." Besides its excel- 
 lence as an expectorant, it exerts a tonic influence upon the 
 appetite and reduces the night sweats of chronic bronchitis and 
 pulmonary consumption. Cocillana also gives promise of useful- 
 ness as a laxative. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Ulceration of the Lungs. 
 
 COLTS-FOOT— TussUago Farfara, called also Buu/S 
 Foot, Flower Velure, etc. — This is a common and very 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 39 
 
 troublesome weed. The root is very long, frequently penetrating 
 to a depth of several feet. The flower stem appears before the 
 leaves. It is round, woolly, six to eight inches long, and 
 covered with scales. Several stems generally rise from the same 
 root, each stem supporting a single flower about one inch in diam- 
 eter and of a bright yellow color. The seeds of the plant are 
 provided with a feathery growth (something like the dandelion) 
 which is carried by the wind and springs up wherever fitting soil 
 is exposed. 
 
 It is usually taken in decoction, a handful of the leaves being 
 boiled in a quart of water down to a pint, strained and sweet- 
 ened with honey or coarse sugar. The dose is a teacupful. It is 
 a pectoral, and sweetened with honey is recommended in ulcera- 
 tion of the lungs. 
 
 For Dyspepsia. 
 
 COLUMBO (Imported)— Radix Columbo. 
 Native of Island of Ceylon. 
 
 Properties. — This articles is found very useful, when admin- 
 istered in proper doses, in strengthening the digestive tract and 
 giving tone to the stomach. In cases of dyspepsia it produces its 
 best effects. If administered in too large doses, however, it is 
 apt to nauseate. It is also sometimes combined with Ipecacu- 
 anha — 10 grains of Columbo to 2 of Ipecacuanha — and adminis- 
 tered in cases of dyspepsia. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powder, from 15 to 30 grains ; or an infusion 
 may be made by adding from 2 to 4 tablespoonf uls of the powder to 
 a pint of boiling water and taken in three doses during the day. 
 
 See also American Columbo. 
 
 For Consumption , Colds, Coughs, Diseases oj the Bowels and Urin- 
 ary Organs, Female Weaknesses. 
 
 COMFREY — Symphytum Officinale, called also Healing 
 Herb, Gum Plant, etc. — Grows in gardens and meadows, blos- 
 soms in May and June and bears spikes of white or rose-colored 
 flowers at the extremities of the branches. The root is large, 
 blackish on the outside and white inside. 
 
 A decoction of from ^ to 1 ounce in a quart of water or 
 milk is useful in diarrheas, dysentery, consumption, colds and 
 coughs, female weaknesses and diseases of the urinary organs, 
 owing to its mucilaginous properties. It may be drank freely. 
 The fresh leaves, bruised and applied externally, are beneficial to 
 sprains, wounds and ulcers. The fresh root makes an excellent 
 poultice for white swelling. 
 
540 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Gtavelly Complaints, Gonorrhea, Suppression of Urine, Affec- 
 tions of the Liver, Dyspepsia. 
 
 COOLWORT— Mitella Cordifolia, called also Mitre 
 Wort, etc. — This plant is found in shady places where the ground 
 is not very wet. The leaves are heart-shaped, are hairy on both 
 sides and bordered with roundish teeth, and have the taste and 
 smell of cucumbers. The flowers are white and grow in spikes 
 about an inch long on the top of a naked stem. The leaves are 
 used as medicine, and should be gathered in July or about the 
 first of August and dried without exposure to damp atmosphere. 
 
 An infusion of the leaves, which is prepared by steeping a 
 handful in a quart of boiling water, may be employed freely as a 
 drink, and is given with benefit in gravelly complaints, gonor- 
 rhea and suppression of urine. In all cases where the urine is 
 acrid, or thick and highly colored, it may be used with advan- 
 tage. Also in burning and scalding of the urine it rarely fails to 
 afford relief in two or three hours. It is also taken with advan- 
 tage in affections of the liver, in dyspepsia and sourness of the 
 stomach. Women who are troubled with strangury soon after 
 confinement will derive great benefit from the use of this plant. 
 
 COPAIBA.— (See Balsam of Copaiba). 
 
 For Cramps, Spasms. 
 
 CRANBERRY, HIGH — Viburnum Oxycoccus, called also 
 Cramp Bark. — Grows in swamps to the height of eight or ten 
 feet. The leaves resemble a goose's foot, the flowers are white 
 and in clusters, and the berries, which resemble the common 
 cranberry, are red, have a pleasant acid flavor and make a good 
 drink. 
 
 The bark of the root possesses tonic and nervine properties 
 and seldom fails to relax spasms or cramps of any kind. It may 
 be taken in decoction, or a tincture may be made by putting an 
 ounce of the pulverized bark into a quart of Wine, the dose being 
 a wineglassful twice a day. 
 
 For Fevers, Pleurisy, etc. 
 
 CRAWLEY — Corallorhiza Odontorhiza, called also Drag- 
 on's Claw, Coral Teeth, Fever Root, Chicken's Toes, 
 etc. — This curious plant has no leaves nor anything green about 
 it. The root is a collection of small, jointed, irregular fleshy 
 bulbs, branching like a piece of coral. From these rises a smooth, 
 fleshy, striped flower-stalk to the height of ten inches, bearing a 
 spike of from twelve to twenty brownish-green flowers which 
 
CROWFOOT. 
 
 (See Description ) 
 This herb is a Stomach and Bowel tonic, useful in Dysentery, Diarrhea and 
 Cholera Infantum ; also used externally as a wash for Wounds, Ulcers, etc. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 54 1 
 
 bloom in July and August. The fruit is a large, strong-ribbed 
 box or capsule. It should be looked for in old woods, or where 
 there is much decaying herbage. 
 
 This plant produces a gentle and copious perspiration, and is 
 an excellent remedy in various kinds of fevers, pleurisy and 
 similar diseases. An emetic should first be given, after which 
 Crawley may be taken as a hot infusion, or teaspoonful doses of 
 the powdered root can be given in warm tea. In some cases the 
 powdered root is mixed with equal quantities of Pleurisy Root 
 and given for the same purpose. 
 
 For Cathartic Purposes. 
 
 CROTON PLANT— Croton Tiglium. 
 Native of Java and Ceylon. 
 
 Properties. — The oil of this plant is a powerful and speedy 
 purgative and is generally employed in cases of obstinate consti- 
 pation. It is usually found successful when all other means 
 fail. It acts with great rapidity, and will usually operate on a 
 patient even in a comatose state, on which account it is some- 
 times given in apoplexy, or coma from other cause. Also used in 
 dropsy and mania. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 drops. This may be placed on the back 
 of the tongue, may be made into pills with bread crumbs, or 
 administered in emulsion or capsule. 
 
 For Immoderate Discharges, Intestinal Putrefaction, Dysentery, 
 Diarrhea, Cholera Infantum. 
 
 CROWFOOT — Geranium Maculatum, called also Spotted 
 Cranesbiix, Tormentix, Storkbiix, etc. — This is a very 
 pretty plant, blossoming from May to July. The root is thick, 
 knobby, brownish in color and spotted with greenish-white 
 inside. It is very brittle when dried. The branches come out 
 in pairs, and the leaves and stems are hairy. It has purple 
 flowers, and the fruit is a capsule in five sections, containing one 
 seed each. The most suitable time for collecting it is in the fall. 
 See illustration. 
 
 The general effect of this plant on the system is to give tone 
 to the stomach and bowels, to arrest immoderate discharges 
 and to prevent intestinal putrefaction. It is given in the 
 secondary stages of dysentery, diarrhea and cholera infantum.. 
 It should not be given in the first stages of these diseases. The usual 
 form of giving it is in decoction with milk. The Indians used 
 it for wounds, gonorrhea, ulcers of the legs, diabetes, bloody 
 urine, involuntary discharges of urine, immoderate menstruation, 
 
542 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 etc. In cases of severe bleeding from the womb the fresh root 
 bruised in cold water and applied will arrest the hemorrhage. 
 The decoction is also useful as a gargle in quinsy and apthous 
 sores of the mouth and throat. A dose of the powdered root is 
 from 15 to 25 grains; of the decoction, made by boiling from an 
 ounce to 1 j4 ounces of the root in a pint of water, the dose is 1 
 to 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Fot Inflammation oj the Bladder and Urinary Passages, Incon- 
 tinence of Urine and Discharges from the Genital Organs. 
 
 CUBEBS — Cubeba Officinalis. 
 
 Native of Japan. 
 
 Properties. — Their chief use is to relieve inflammation of 
 the urinary passages. Also useful in incontinence of urine. 
 They were long used in the treatment of gonorrhea, but have 
 now been superseded by local treatment. Also used in 
 leucorrhea, acute colds and catarrhal conditions of the air pas- 
 sages. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 grains upwards. 
 
 F01 Hysterical Diseases, EMlepsv, St. Vitus Dance, Spasmodic 
 Asthma. 
 
 CUCKOO-FLOWER — Cardamine Pratensis, called also 
 Field Water Cress, I^ady's Smock, etc. — This plant grows in 
 damp situations all over the country. The flowers are a pale 
 pink or flesh color. They have a slightly spicy odor, a biting, 
 bitter taste, and are the part used in medicine. 
 
 The dried flowers are used in epilepsy, hysterical diseases, 
 St. Vitus dance and spasmodic asthma. They are a very popular 
 remedy for epilepsy in children. The dose is 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls 
 of the powder several times a day; or it may be combined with 
 English Valerian. 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Chronic Rheumatism, General Debility, Suppressed 
 Menstruation. 
 
 CUCUMBER TREE— Magnolia Acuminata .—This is a 
 common forest tree growing on rich hillsides and river bottoms. 
 It is commonly called Cucumber Tree from the resemblance of 
 the shape of its fruit to that of the garden cucumber. The fruit, 
 or cucumber, has long been a domestic remedy in dyspepsia. 
 Both the bark of the root and fruit have been used with success 
 in that complaint, also with benefit in chronic rheumatism. 
 They have tonic qualities, and may be given in general debility 
 and in obstinate cases of suppressed menstruation. A dose of 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 543 
 
 the recently dried bark in powder is from % to 1 teaspoonful. A 
 better preparation is a tincture made by putting the cones into 
 diluted Alcohol or Brandy. 
 
 For Bilious Fevers, TorUd Liver, Dropsy. 
 
 CULVER'S ROOT — Leptandria Virginica, called also 
 Black Root, Culver's Physic, Tall Veronica, etc. — Found 
 throughout this country growing in dry and open situations. 
 Grows from three to seven feet in height, leaves being in whorls 
 (growing in a bunch) along the stem, and stem ending in a spike 
 of white flowers. 
 
 The root, which is used, is strong, bitter and nauseous, and 
 a weak cold infusion is said to be the safest and best method of 
 taking it. Or a heaping teaspoonful of the powder may be added 
 to x /2 gill of boiling water, sweetened, and the dose repeated in 
 three hours if it does not operate before. It is an efficient 
 cathartic without producing debility or prostration. In typhus 
 and bilious fevers it is said to remove the black and morbid 
 matter from the intestines, is given with great advantage in 
 dyspepsia connected with torpidity of the liver and digestive 
 organs, is a valuable agent in purifying the blood, and is of 
 utility in dropsies. 
 
 For Impotency. 
 
 DAMIANA—Turnera Diffusa. 
 
 Native of California and Mexico. 
 
 Properties. — It has a local reputation as a stimulant tonic 
 of the sexual organs among the natives of its habitat, and has 
 been widely advertised as a remedy for sexual impotence. 
 Medical dispensatories do not credit it with this property, and 
 besides it has a tendency to derange the digestive organs. 
 
 Dose. — The average dose is ^ to ^ teaspoonful. 
 
 For Chronic Inflammation of the Liver and Spleen, and Drobsical 
 Affections of the Organs of the Abdomen. 
 
 DANDELION — Leontodon Taraxacum, called also Monks- 
 head, etc. — The dandelion needs no description. A full grown 
 fresh root is frequently more than a foot long, is as thick as the 
 little finger, and is full of a milky, bitterish juice. 
 
 The dandelion has a direct action upon the liver and 
 kidneys, and is valuable in derangement of the digestive organs 
 generally. In chronic inflammation of the liver and spleen and 
 abdominal dropsy it is very beneficial. The best form of giving 
 it is an extract of the juice, from 10 drops to ^ teaspoonful taken 
 before meals. 
 
544 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Fot Appetite, Stomach Complaints , Diseases of the Digestive Organs, 
 Nausea and Vomiting, Weakness of the Generative Organs. 
 
 DEVIL'S BIT — Helonias Dioica, called also Drooping 
 Starwort, Unicorn Plant, Blazing Star, etc. — The proper 
 botanical name for this plant is Helonias but through the 
 common names that have been given to it, it is often confounded 
 with the Aletris Farinosa (see Starwort). They are some- 
 what similar in growth and appearance, but as their medicinal 
 properties are very different, it is important not to make a 
 mistake in their use. 
 
 The DeviV s Bit, or Helonias, has a tapering, fibrous root 
 about one inch long. It is furrowed, and ends abruptly as if it 
 had been bitten off. A pretty story is told concerning its name: 
 The Indians believed it to have been, originally, a cure-all, but 
 that the evil spirit in a fit of anger bit it off and thus destroyed a 
 portion of its power. The root and leaves continue green all 
 winter, and spread upon the ground in the form of a star. They 
 are four or five inches long and taper at the end. The plant ends 
 in a long, graceful spike of flowers of a dirty white color. 
 
 The root of this plant improves the appetite and is beneficial 
 in all stomach complaints and diseases of the digestive organs. 
 It will check nausea and vomiting and, chewed and the juice 
 swallowed, will relieve coughing. The Indian women believed it 
 would prevent miscarriages, and its tonic qualities are considered 
 especially applicable in debility of the generative organs of either 
 sex. The root may be given in powder in doses of x / 2 teaspoon- 
 ful, or may be chewed and the juice swallowed. 
 
 DIGITALIS.— (See Foxglove). 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Flatulency. 
 
 DILL — Anethum Graveolens, called also Garden Dili, or 
 Dilly. — Cultivated in gardens. A smooth plant that rises to the 
 height of two or three feet. Plant and seeds have a powerful, 
 spicy odor and a moderately warm and pungent (biting) taste. 
 
 An infusion of the seeds in boiling water makes an excellent 
 stomachic, good in dyspepsia and flatulency, and a grateful drink 
 for women immediately after confinement. 
 
 For General Debility, Chronic Diarrhea a?id Dysentery. 
 
 DITA BARK— Alstonia Scholaris. 
 
 Native of India, Malay Archipelago, tropical Australia. 
 
 Properties. — Valuable in chronic diarrhea and in the 
 advanced stages of dysentery. It is also prescribed during con- 
 valescence from fevers, etc. , and generally as a bitter tonic. 
 
 Dose. — 2 to 8 drops of the fluid extract before meals. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 545 
 
 For Hysterics , Gout, Fevers, Dropsies, Bloody Urine. 
 
 DOUBLE TANSY.— Tansy may be cultivated in any 
 common soil. The root is perennial, so that when a "tansy bed" 
 is once started it will last for years. The stems of the plant are 
 six-sided, striped, and grow to a height sometimes of two or three 
 feet. The leaves spring from the stem one above the other on 
 opposite sides, and are subdivided into deeply notched leaflets. 
 The flowers are yellow and form flat- topped bunches. The 
 seeds are small and oblong-shaped and covered with down. The 
 whole shrub above the ground is used in medicine, and should 
 be gathered when in bloom. 
 
 This is a powerful bitter and is used in the form of infusion 
 to bring on menstruation; also used in hysteria, and as a pre- 
 ventive of gout when the paroxysms are coming on. Tansy tea 
 is also a popular domestic remedy in fevers, dropsies and bloody 
 urine, and a poultice of the leaves makes an excellent application 
 for sprains and bruises. The infusion is made by adding an ounce 
 of the plant to a pint of boiling water, of which the dose is a 
 wineglassful two or three times a day. 
 
 For Fevers, Pleurisies, biHammatory Affections, Headache, Asthma, 
 Hysteria, Nervous Derangements. 
 
 DROPSY PLANT— Melissa Officinalis, called also Lemon 
 Balm and Cure- All. — This plant is cultivated in gardens. It 
 grows about two feet high, and has spreading, egg-shaped leaves 
 of a bright green color, deeply notched at the edges. The flowers 
 are white. It has an agreeable smell, somewhat similar to that 
 of the lemon. 
 
 A warm infusion of this plant may be drank freely, and is 
 useful in fevers, pleurisies and other inflammatory affections; also 
 in headache, asthma, hysteria and nervous derangements. 
 
 For Dropsy, Suppression of Urine, Piles. 
 
 DWARF ELDER — Aralia Hispida, called also Bristly- 
 stem Sarsaparilla. — Grows on hemlock- timbered land. From 
 each root rises a single stalk, which is thickly set with short 
 thorns or prickles near the ground, grows from eighteen to thirty 
 inches in height, and has many branches, terminating in a cluster 
 of blossoms in July and August. The berries, which are ripe in 
 September, are of a black color and are disagreeable to the taste. 
 
 Very valuable in dropsy, for which take the dried root, boil 
 
 to a strong decoction and take a gill morning and night, or 
 
 oftener if the stomach will bear it. An ounce of the inner bark 
 
 and one of the roots in decoction may be taken in teacupful 
 
 SB 
 
546 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 doses three times a day. Also valuable where there is suppres- 
 sion of urine. The extract of the inner bark is good in piles as 
 well as in dropsy. 
 
 For Dropsical Diseases. 
 
 DYER'S BROOM— Genista Tinctoria, called also Dyer's 
 Weed, Greenweed, Woadwaxen, etc. — This plant is not a 
 native of this country, but is cultivated here in gardens. The 
 flowering tops are employed to dye a bright yellow color, hence 
 its name. It is a shrub that has numerous rush-like green 
 twigs like brooms. Both the tops and seeds are employed in 
 medicine, and are given freely in infusion in dropsical diseases. 
 
 For Blood, Erysipelas, Fevers, Rheumatism, Gout, Pleurisy, Chronic 
 Cough, Eruptions, Bowel Complaints, Bruises. 
 
 ELDER — Sambucus Canadensis, called also SwEET Elder 
 and Black-berried Elder. — A common shrub, with a branched 
 stem growing eight or ten feet high and containing a large, 
 spongy pith. The leaves are of a dark, glistening green; the 
 flowers are white and in clusters, and are succeeded by berries of 
 a dark purple color. 
 
 The young leaves and buds are too strong for safe use, but a 
 tea of the flowers or berries makes an excellent blood purifier, and 
 is very useful in erysipelas, fevers, rheumatism, gout, pleurisy, 
 chronic cough and eruptions, especially the eruptions to which 
 children are subject. They make a good poultice for bruises, 
 etc. They also impart a fine flavor to vinegar or wine. A syrup 
 made of the berries is highly esteemed in bowel complaints. The 
 bark of the roots may be used when the berries and flowers can- 
 not be obtained. Also the bark and leaves given to sheep will 
 cure the rot. 
 
 For Chronic Bronchitis, Dvspepsia, Catarrh of the Bladder, Sup- 
 pressed Menstruation, Skin Eruptions. 
 
 ELECAMPANE — Inula Helenium. — This is a very com- 
 mon plant growing in meadows and by roadsides. It has a large, 
 fibrous root, brown externally and white internally. The stem 
 grows from four to six feet high, is branched toward the top and 
 covered with a whitish down. The flowers are yellow and situ- 
 ated at the extremity of the branches. The root has a spicy 
 smell, and the taste, bitter at first, afterwards becomes sharp and 
 camphorated; it contains camphorated oil. 
 
 Inula (Elecampane) was one of the most famous of ancient 
 medicines. It had a special reputation in all pulmonary affec- 
 tions, and as an external application in sciatica, gout, gravel, 
 facial neuralgia, etc. It is now used in chronic bronchitis, 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 547 
 
 dyspepsia, catarrh of the bladder, suppressed menstruation and 
 other menstrual disorders, also in chronic eruptions of the skin. 
 It is generally given in decoction, made by boiling from % to 1 
 ounce of the crushed root in a pint of water. 
 
 For Malaria and Septic (poisonous) Conditions. 
 EUCALYPTUS— Globulus. 
 Native of Australia. 
 
 Properties. — Eucalyptus is a powerful antiseptic and anti- 
 malarial remedy. It is extensively used in the treatment of inter- 
 mittent fevers, especially in those chronic varieties in which 
 Quinine has failed; also in septic conditions, as consumption, or 
 any lingering disease where fever is present. It may be given 
 internally in all cases of ulcer of the stomach or bowels, typhoid 
 fever, scarlatina, blood poisoning, fetid bronchitis, etc. It is 
 employed in the treatment of fetid breath, ulcers (syphilitic or 
 otherwise), purulent catarrhal affections of the bladder, urethra 
 and vagina, spongy and bleeding gums, etc. Properly diluted 
 and used in a steam atomizer, the inhalation from the spray is 
 a valuable aid in the treatment of diphtheria, and also as a pallia- 
 tive in purulent bronchitis, catarrh and consumption. 
 
 Applied externally in the proportion of 2 tablespoonf uls to 
 a pint of warm water, it is a stimulant and disinfectant in the case 
 of chronic ill-conditioned ulcers, removing the odor of the dis- 
 charge and improving the character of the secretion. A mixture 
 of half this strength may be used with excellent results as an 
 injection in vaginal leucorrhea. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 20 drops of the oil. 
 For Colds, Coughs, Bronchial Affections. 
 EUPHORBIA— Pilulifera. 
 Native of Australia, West Indies, etc. 
 
 Properties. — This herb is becoming a favorite domestic 
 remedy in Australia, where it is a common roadside weed. It is 
 regarded as an infallible remedy for colds, coughs, bronchial 
 affections, in short all diseases of the respiratory tract; but it is 
 more especialty esteemed for the prompt and complete relief it is 
 said to give to sufferers from asthma. 
 
 Formula for Infusion of Euphorbia Pilulifera: 
 
 Fluid Extract Euphorbia Pilu- 
 lifera 1 fluid ounce. 
 
 Hot Water 15 " " 
 
 Dose. — One tablespoonful. 
 
548 "PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Affections of the Eyes. 
 
 EYE-BRIGHT — Euphrasia Officinalis. — This plant grows 
 in sterile soil. It flowers in June and produces white blossoms. 
 It has no odor, but is of a bitterish, astringent taste. 
 
 It is employed in decoction as a wash to weak and inflamed 
 eyes. 
 
 For Liver Complaints, Contracted Sinews, Sores, Ulcers, Swellings. 
 
 FALSE BITTERSWEET— Celastrus Scandens, called 
 also Staff Trek, Fevkr Twig, etc. — A woody vine, sometimes 
 attaining to a considerable height. The blossoms are of a 
 greenish-yellow color and very fragrant, and the berries grow 
 in clusters and remain on the vines all winter. 
 
 The bark of the root may be given in decoction in doses of a 
 gill three times a day in liver complaints and as a blood purifier. 
 The bark and berries also make an excellent ointment for con- 
 tracted sinews, sores, ulcers, and swellings of every description. 
 
 For Dropsy and Heart Disease. 
 
 FALSE HELLEBORE— Adonis Vernalis. 
 Native of Southern Europe. 
 
 Properties. — It is employed in dropsy and heart disease. In 
 action it resembles digitalis, but digitalis is not admissible in 
 cases where the kidneys are affected, while this remedy has a good 
 effect in cases where the heart disease is of a secondary nature, 
 following chronic Bright' s disease, etc. 
 
 Dose. — From i to 2 drops of the fluid extract three or four 
 times a day; or an infusion may be made of ^ to 1 teaspoonful 
 in 8 tablespoonfuls of water, of which the dose is a table- 
 spoonful every one, two or three hours, according to effect. 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Disorders of Digestion, Colic in Children. 
 
 FENNEL — Anethum Fczniculum. — This plant is raised in 
 gardens in this country. It grows about four feet in height and 
 has a long root about the size of the finger. It blossoms in June 
 and July and the fruit ripens in September. 
 
 Fennel seeds are given for dyspepsia, difficult digestion, 
 flatulency, colic in children. Made into an infusion or tea, it 
 may be given freely through the day; of the seeds pulverized, 
 from Yz to 1 teaspoonful is a dose. 
 
 Fo? Hystetia, Suppressed Menstruation, Worms, and in Sudden 
 Attacks of Disease. 
 
 FEVERFEW — Chrysanthemum Parthe?iium, called also 
 Fkathkr-Few, etc. — Found along roadsides, also cultivated in 
 
HERB RBMBDIBS. 549 
 
 gardens. Grows from six inches to a foot in height, has numer- 
 ous leaves of a yellowish green color, deeply cut into lobes or 
 divisions and bordered with sharp teeth. Each of the branches 
 end in a single flower which consists of a yellow center with a 
 white border. 
 
 The flowers and leaves in infusion are given to strengthen 
 the stomach, expel wind, promote the menses and destroy 
 worms. The warm infusion is also an excellent remedy in colds, 
 sudden attacks of disease, hysterical complaints and lowness of 
 spirits. It should be prepared by steeping the leaves and 
 flowers, or either, fresh or dry, in hot water. It is harmless and 
 may be taken in almost any quantity. For the decoction, pour 
 two quarts of boiling water on two handf uls of the leaves, of which 
 a teacupful may be taken three or four times a day. The green 
 herb in the form of a poultice is used externally for severe pains 
 or swellings of the bowels. 
 
 For Fevers. 
 
 FEVER WEED — Gerardia Pedicularia, called also I/duse- 
 worT. — This plant, which is found only on barren, hilly or pine 
 ridges, grows about two feet high, and resembles large bunches 
 of 1,0 Delia except that its branches are more numerous. The 
 leaves are small with deeply cut edges. The stalks and leaves 
 are like tobacco. The blossoms are yellow and about the size of 
 the pink. 
 
 This plant given in infusion will produce a flow of perspi- 
 ration in a very short time, and is a very popular remedy in 
 fevers and inflammations of all kinds. The bowels should be 
 evacuated before the infusion is taken. 
 
 For Sore Eyes, Epilepsy, Convulsions. 
 
 FIT ROOT — Monotropa Uniflora, called also Pipe Plant, 
 Indian Pipe, Bird's Nest, Ice Plant, etc. — The juice of the 
 fresh herb of this plant, mixed with water, is good for sore eyes. 
 The plant also possesses nervine properties, and the pulverized 
 root in teaspoonful doses is used in epilepsy and convulsions of 
 children. 
 
 For Fevers, Fluxes and Excessive Menstruation. 
 
 FIVE FINGER — Potentilla Canadensis, called also Cinque- 
 foil, etc.— This is grass, the stalks of which trail along the 
 ground something after the manner of strawberries. Each stem 
 has five leaves of unequal size, notched around the edges. The 
 flowers are yellow and the root is small. It grows by roadsides. 
 
 It is taken in decoction, which may be made with milk. It is 
 very beneficial in fevers, particularly when there is great weak- 
 
5 50 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 ness and night sweats. It is also serviceable in checking immod- 
 erate flow of the menses and flux. The decoction may be taken 
 in wineglassful doses. 
 
 For Dysentery, Colic, Hemorrhage. 
 
 FLEABANE — Erigeron Canadense, called also Canada 
 Fleabane, Prideweed, Blood-Stanch, Mark's Tail, Colt's 
 Tail, Fireweed, etc. — This plant grows freely throughout all 
 Canada and the northern and middle sections of the United 
 States. It rises from two to six feet in height, is covered with 
 stiff hairs and divided into numerous branches. It has narrow, 
 lance-shaped leaves, and the flowers are small and white and 
 grow in long clusters at the ends of the stems. For medicinal 
 purposes the plant should be collected while in bloom — in July or 
 August. It has an acrid, bitterish taste. 
 
 This plant possesses a high reputation as a remedy for 
 dysentery. For this purpose it is steeped in hot water and a 
 teacupful taken every hour or two until a cure is effected. It 
 generally affords speedy relief in colic; for this purpose a teacup- 
 ful may be given every fifteen to thirty minutes, and in obstinate 
 cases an injection of the infusion may be given. The oil of this 
 plant in doses of from 5 to 10 drops is a valuble remedy in 
 hemorrhage. 
 
 For Dropsy of the Chest, Pleurisy, Inflammation of the Lungs, 
 Inflammatory Affections. 
 
 FOXGLOVE, or DIGITALIS— Digitalis Purpurea, called 
 also Purple Foxglove, Fairy's Glove, etc. — The stem of the 
 Foxglove is straight and hairy, and grows from two to three feet 
 high. The leaves are very large, oval, whitish, and hairy on 
 both sides. The flowers are a deep reddish purple. It is culti- 
 vated in America for its medicinal properties. See illustration. 
 
 It is a very valuable remedy in dropsy of the chest, pleurisy, 
 inflammation of the lungs and all inflammatory affections, but is 
 a poison and narcotic and should be administered with extreme 
 caution. It is hardly safe to give it without a thorough under- 
 standing of its physiological effects, and the reader is therefore 
 referred to Digitalis in A Chapter on Medicine. 
 
 For Scrofula and Scrofulous Tumors. 
 
 FROSTWORT — Cistus Canadensis, called also Rock 
 Rose. — This plant grows from six to twelve inches high and 
 derives its name from its leaves, which are whitish like frost, 
 and grow on small purple stalks. In early winter the bark near 
 the root splits. The flowers are of a pale color and terminate in 
 a pod containing very small seeds. 
 
ffBRB REMBDWS. 55 1 
 
 An infusion of this plant is very valuable in the cure of 
 scrofula. It should be made by using 4 ounces of the dried 
 leaves to a quart of boiling water, of which the patient may 
 drink freely three times a day; scrofula sores should also be washed 
 with it. Another external application for scrofulous tumors is 
 made of a handful of the dried leaves to a tablespoonful of black 
 Pepper and a quart of Rum. Simmer this for two hours, strain, 
 add a handful or two more of the leaves, and again simmer for 
 half an hour; then thicken by stirring in 2 ounces of the 
 powdered leaves and apply as a poultice twice a day. 
 
 For Obstructions of the Liver, Eruptive Skin Diseases, Scurvy. 
 
 FUMITORY — Fumaria Officinalis. — This plant is culti- 
 vated for medicinal purposes. 
 
 In large doses it is laxative, but as ordinarily given is a 
 tonic. It is a valuable remedy for obstructions of the liver, erup- 
 tive diseases of the skin and scurvy. 
 
 A decoction of the leaves, either fresh or dry, may be taken 
 freely. 
 
 For Dropsy.. 
 
 GAMBOGE— Cambogia. 
 
 Native of Siam, Cambodia and Cochin China. 
 
 Properties. — It is chiefly used as a cathartic in dropsical 
 affections because of its power to produce large discharges of 
 water from the intestines, and also because it stimulates the 
 kidneys to increased action. It is sometimes given for consti- 
 pation, but is not commonly used for general cathartic purposes 
 because it produces such drastic effects. It should be taken 
 only in small doses, and is more frequently combined with other 
 remedies. 
 
 Dose. — A convenient formula is the following: 
 
 Gamboge, powdered 10 grains. 
 
 Carbonate of Potash. 1 drachm. 
 
 Cinnamon Water 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 30 drops three times a day in 
 water. 
 
 For Poulticing, Colds, Coughs, Asthma, Croup. 
 
 GARLIC — Allium Sativum. — Well known by its strong, 
 disagreeable taste and odor. It is of the same genus as the 
 onion, but much stronger and more powerful. 
 
 The bulbs roasted may be applied with advantage externally 
 over the seat of almost any pain. They are often applied to the 
 feet in inflammatory diseases, and to quiet and produce sleep in 
 children. A syrup combined with honey is very serviceable in 
 
552 FAVORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 colds, coughs, asthma and croup, and in croup a poultice of 
 garlic applied to the chest is one of the best things that can be 
 used; also applied over the region of the bladder in retention of 
 urine. A dose of the juice, to which sugar may be added, is 
 from yi to% teaspoonful. 
 
 For Stomach and Bowel Debility. 
 
 GENTIAN (Blue) — Gentiana Catesbei, called also Samson 
 Snake Root, Flux Root, etc. — This plant has a branching 
 root, yellowish and fleshy, with a simple stem rising from one to 
 two feet in height, and blue flowers. It is of the same genus as 
 the yellow variety. 
 
 It is a tonic in cases of stomach and general debility, and is 
 considered to have great value in affections of the bowels, as 
 fluxes and severe diarrhea. The root and tops are used in 
 infusion with Chamomile flowers, to which a little Brandy may 
 be added. The dose is a tablespoonful, which may be increased 
 as the stomach will bear it. 
 
 For Dyspepsia , Gout, Jaundice ', Weakness of the Digestive Organs, 
 Debility. 
 
 GENTIAN (Yellow)— Gentiana Lutea— The root of the 
 Yellow Gentian is long, wrinkled and twisted, and has numerous 
 branches. It is brownish on the outside and yellowish and 
 spongy on the inside. The flowers are handsome, showy, and 
 grow in large clusters. See illustration. 
 
 Gentian root is a pure and simple bitter. In moderate doses 
 it excites the appetite and strengthens the digestion, and does 
 not constipate, therefore is of value in weakness of the digestive 
 organs and debility attendant upon chronic diseases, in dyspepsia, 
 gout, jaundice, etc. Of the powder the dose is about Ys tea- 
 spoonful. A better way of taking it is in an infusion made as 
 follows: To % ounce of the root add i teaspoonful of Orange 
 peel, Y teaspoonful of Coriander, 2 ounces of Alcohol and 1 pint 
 of water, of which the dose is from a teaspoonful to a table- 
 spoonful three times a day before meals. 
 
 For Diarrhea, Colic, Cholera Morbus, etc. 
 
 GINGER — Zingiber Officinale. 
 
 Native of East Indies. 
 
 Properties. — Ginger is a useful remedy in diarrhea, dysen- 
 tery, flatulent colic, cholera morbus, etc., and may be given in 
 powder or tincture. The powder is mixed with hot water, but 
 the tincture is preferable. Fomentations of Ginger are also 
 applied externally to relieve colic, muscular rheumatism, 
 
YELLOW GENTIAN. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is a valuable tonic, useful in Dyspepsia, Gout, Jaundice, Weakness 
 el the Digestive Organs and Debility attendant upon Chronic Diseases. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 5 3 
 
 neuralgia, headache, toothache, etc., and the infusion is useful 
 in recent cases of relaxed condition of the uvula (the part 
 pendant from the soft palate), or loss of voice from a similar 
 condition of the larynx. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powdered Ginger, well diluted, what would 
 lay on a 5 -cent piece; of the tincture, from 10 drops to % tea- 
 spoonful, also well diluted. 
 
 For Tonic, Nervine, Gravel. 
 
 GINSENG — Panax Quinquefolium , called also Red Berry, 
 Five Fingers, Ninsin, etc. — Scattered all over the Northern 
 and Western States from Canada to Missouri and Alabama; also 
 in the Alleghany mountains as far as the Carolinas. The plant 
 grows about a foot high, has five leaves to a main stem, and 
 bears small white flowers which are followed by red berries. 
 The root is white and fleshy. 
 
 The berries of this plant are not good to eat. The root, 
 tinctured in old Jamaica spirits, may be taken three times a day 
 on an empty stomach. It is found useful in gravel, general 
 debility //weakness from excessive venery, pain in the bones from 
 colds; and is a fine restorative medicine, strengthening the 
 stomach, invigorating the system and improving the appetite. 
 The decoction may be used in doses of a teacupful several times 
 a day as a nervine or tonic; or the powdered root taken in tea- 
 spoonful doses. The leaves make a grateful tea. The Ginseng 
 is greatly esteemed by the Chinese. 
 
 For Nausea, Pains in the Stomach a?id Bowels. 
 
 GOLDEN ROD — Solidago Odor a, called also SwEET- 
 SCENTED GoivDEN Rod, etc. — There are a great many species of 
 the Golden Rod, but the medicinal plant may be identified by the 
 taste of the flowers and leaves, which is similar to that of Fennel 
 or Anise, and has been distinguished by the name of sweet- 
 scented Golden Rod. 
 
 Given freely in warm infusion (which should not be boiled) , 
 it produces perspiration, and is useful to allay nausea, and pains 
 in the stomach and bowels occasioned by gas. 
 
 For Stomach and Liver Troubles, Sores, Ulceus, Proud Flesh, Piles. 
 
 GOLDEN SEAL — Hydrastis Canadensis, called also 
 Orange Root, Yeixow Puccoon, etc. — This plant is found in 
 rich soils in shady locations. It blossoms in March and April. 
 The flowers are of a flesh or rose color, and the petals fall off 
 about as soon as the blossoms come out. The fruit is a red, oval 
 berry. The root is of a bright yellow color, is knotted and 
 wrinkled, and has many long fibers. 
 
554 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Golden Seal is an excellent tonic, and at the same time is 
 laxative, which makes it a very appropriate remedy in dyspeptic 
 disorders. For diseases of the stomach and liver it is given in 
 infusion and tincture. A half ounce of the pulverized dried 
 root is enough to infuse in a quart of spirits. It is also used as 
 a wash for sore eyes, but should be used with caution. Also 
 used as a wash for old sores and ulcers, and the dry powder may 
 be applied externally to fungous growths or proud flesh. A dose 
 of the powder, taken internally, is from 10 to 12 grains. It is 
 one of the best correctives in piles and bilious habits that can be 
 given. 
 
 For Stomach Tonic, Ulcers of the Mouth. 
 
 GOLD THREAD— CopHs Trifolia, called also Mouth 
 Root, Vkgetabi^ Gold, etc. — This plant grows only in the 
 northermost part of this country and Canada. It is found in 
 mossy swamps and bogs and in evergreen woods. The root is of 
 a bright yellow color and the flowers are yellow; the leaves are 
 evergreen. 
 
 The roots only are used and should be collected in summer. 
 They are easily dried, but are difficult to pulverize. They are a 
 valuable tonic, particularly for the stomach, promoting digestion. 
 They are useful in dyspepsia, debility, and in convalescence from 
 fevers. The root is commonly given in infusion, sweetened with 
 honey. The infusion also makes a good gargle in ulcers of the 
 mouth. Of the powder, from 10 to 20 grains may be given three 
 times a day; of the tincture, made by adding an ounce of the 
 root to a pint of diluted Alcohol, the dose is a teaspoonful three 
 times a day. 
 
 Fot Gravel or Stone, Dropsy. 
 
 GRAVEL PLANT— Epigcea Repens, called also Trail- 
 ing Arbutus, etc. — This is a small, creeping plant, found grow- 
 ing on shady rocks and in stony woods. Its flowers are white, 
 tinged with red, and are very fragrant. 
 
 It incites the secretion and discharge of urine, and taken in 
 decoction is a very beneficial remedy for gravel, stone in the 
 bladder and kidneys, and dropsy. The dose is from 1 to 2 tea- 
 spoonfuls, which may be increased or diminished according to 
 the strength of the decoction and the effect produced. 
 
 For Asthma , Bronchitis, Hay -Fever, etc. 
 
 GRINDELIA robusta. 
 
 Native of California. 
 
 Properties. — A useful remedy in asthma, and is recom- 
 mended in bronchitis, pneumonia, hay-fever and coughs gen- 
 erally. It may also be applied locally in inflammation of the 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 5 5 
 
 eyes. For this purpose keep cloths wet with a solution of the 
 fluid extract — one tablespoonful of the extract to 4 tablespoon- 
 fuls of water. It is also given internally and used externally, 
 diluted with water as above, on ulcers, etc. It is sometimes 
 prescribed in dropsical conditions. 
 
 Dose. — From % to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 GRINDELIA SQUARROSA. 
 
 Native of Mexico and West Coast of United States. 
 
 Properties. — This is the Spanish-American remedy for 
 intermittent fevers, especially chronic cases of fever and ague, to 
 check the lapsing chills. It has a very beneficial action upon the 
 liver and spleen and glandular system. Also useful in inflam- 
 mation of the bladder, and, combined with Yerba Santa, is used 
 for that form of dropsy known as anasarca, or general dropsy. 
 Also useful in chronic rheumatic affections. 
 
 Dose. — Should not exceed from 20 to 30 drops of the fluid 
 extract. 
 
 For Stomach Tonic. 
 
 GROUND FLOWER— Polygala Polygama, called also 
 BiTTKR Poi,ygai,a. — This plant derives its name from its manner 
 of flowering — an imperfect flower of a purple color grows close 
 to, and in some instances under the surface of the ground. It is 
 found in dry, sandy and gravelly soils. The stems are numerous 
 and the leaves scattered. 
 
 An infusion of the dry plant imparts tone to the stomach; 
 taken in large doses, it proves laxative. 
 
 For Catarrhal Headaches, Inflammation of the Eyes, yaundice, 
 Asthma, Coughs, Chronic Pulmonary and Urinatv Affec- 
 tions. 
 
 GROUND IVY — Glechoma Hederacea, called also Giu,- 
 go-over-thk-ground, Ale Hoof, Catfoot, etc. — Grows wild 
 along garden fences. The flowers are on short stems, grow 
 in whorls, and are of a bluish color. 
 
 The powdered leaves of this plant are used as a snuff, which 
 is very beneficial in catarrhal headaches. An ointment made of 
 this herb is also used for chronic inflammation of the eyes. 
 Taken internally, it is an excellent blood purifier, also an expec- 
 torant, and is much used in chronic affections of the lungs and 
 urinary organs. It is a valuable remedy in jaundice and 
 asthmatic coughs. 
 
556 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Painful Swellings. 
 
 GROUNDSEL — Senedo Vulgaris. — This is an European 
 plant which has been introduced into this country and grows in 
 cultivated grounds. The whole plant is used, and should be 
 gathered while in flower. When rubbed, it has a peculiar, 
 unpleasant odor, and its taste is disagreeable and bitterish. 
 
 It is applied externally to painful swellings. It is not much 
 given internally, but in large doses- acts as an emetic. 
 
 For Rheumatism. 
 
 GUACO. 
 
 Native of Mexico. 
 
 Properties. — In Mexico the root of this plant is regarded as 
 a specific in rheumatic affections. One part of the fluid extract 
 to four parts of Whiskey, or two parts Alcohol, may be applied 
 freely over the affected surface, which should then be well cov- 
 ered. This application is best made at bedtime and the parts 
 kept covered all night. 
 
 Dose. — Taken internally, % to ^ teaspoonful. 
 
 For Thtoat Troubles and Uterine Tonic. 
 
 GUAIAC — Guaici Resina. 
 
 Native of West Indies and the Northern Coast of South 
 America. 
 
 Properties. — At one time it was much used as a remedy in 
 syphilis, chronic muscular rheumatism and diphtheria. Its use now 
 is largely confined to throat troubles, for which it is given in the 
 form of lozenges. It has had some reputation in the treatment of 
 consumption. It is a uterine tonic and used to increase the 
 menstrual flow. 
 
 Dose — From 10 to 30 drops of the tincture. 
 For Headache ', Asthma, Bronchitis, Diarrhea, Dysentery. 
 
 GUARANA, or BRAZILIAN COCOA.— Paulinia Sor- 
 bins. 
 
 Native of Brazil. 
 
 Properties. — This remedy is used with almost unvarying 
 success in sick headache, especially of nervous origin. A 
 dose taken on the intimation of an attack is usually sufficient 
 to abort it. It is beneficial in diarrhea and dysentery, also 
 in asthma and bronchitis, the Wine of Guarana being espe- 
 cially beneficial in the capillary bronchitis of children. This 
 
HERB REM B DIBS. 557 
 
 remedy is also used both internally and in injections for leucor- 
 rhea, and has been employed with advantage in gonorrhea. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 drops to x /t, teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Inflamed Conditions of the Throat and Stomach, etc. 
 
 GUM ARABIC — Acacice Gummi. 
 
 Native of West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — Gum Arabic is most frequently used as a 
 vehicle for the administration of other remedies. It is a ready 
 means of forming an emulsion for the administration of oils, prin- 
 cipally Cod Liver Oil. Dissolved in water it serves as a protec- 
 tion to of the throat and stomach when in an inflamed condition. 
 It is sometimes used in the preparation of lozenges containing 
 certain remedies designed to be dissolved in the mouth and 
 produce their effects along the mucous membrane of the throat. 
 
 For Chronic Coughs, Hoarseness, Ulceration of Mouth and Throat. 
 
 HEDGE MUSTARD — Sisymbrium Officinalis. — Grows 
 from one to three feet high. The taste is somewhat sour and 
 biting, especially of the tops and flower spikes, but not so biting 
 as the regular Mustard. 
 
 A syrup is made by mixing an equal quantity of the juice of 
 the plant with honey and sugar, and is very beneficial in chronic 
 coughs and hoarseness; also in ulceration of the mouth and 
 throat; or the seeds may be taken in substance. 
 
 For Dropsy, Epilepsy ', Obstructed Menses. 
 
 HELLEBORE (Black)— Helleborus Niger, called also Christ- 
 mas Rose. — This is a perennial plant, blossoming in winter or early 
 spring. The root, which is the part used in medicine, is of the 
 length and size of the little finger and of a blackish color externally. 
 The stem, which springs from the root, grows horizontally under 
 ground, the leaves appearing to grow out of the ground. The 
 flower stalk bears from one to two flowers, consisting of five large 
 round pinkish petals sometimes edged with purple. It is a poison- 
 ous plant and we do not recommend its use, excepting as it may be 
 given in some reliable formula or under a doctor's direction. 
 
 For Urcemic Convulsions, also sometimes used in Epilepsy, Gout, 
 and Acute Rheumatism. 
 
 HELLEBORE ("White)— Veratrum Viride, called also Itch- 
 weed, Indian Poke, etc. — This is a poisonous, active plant, and 
 is now made use of largely in the form of its active principle, 
 11 Veratrine," for the uses of which see n Veratrum Viride" in A 
 Chapter on Medicines. 
 
558 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Falling of the Bowels and Womb } Rheumatic Affections, Sciatica, 
 Lumbago, Rheumatism. 
 
 HEMLOCK TREE — Pinus Canadensis, called also Hem- 
 lock Spruce, etc. — This tree, when full grown, is often seventy 
 or eighty feet high, with a trunk two or three feet in diameter. 
 
 The bark in decoction makes an excellent wash for falling of 
 the bowels and womb. The oil applied externally is valuable in 
 rheumatic affections. The pith of the Hemlock dried makes an 
 excellent plaster for lumbago, sciatica and rheumatism. The 
 bark is never given internally alone as it is too astringent. 
 
 JFot Fistulas, Boils, Swellings of the Breast, Ulcers, Tumors, 
 Inflamed Eyes, Cramps, Deep-Seated Inflammations. 
 
 HENBANE — Hyoscyamus Niger, called also Black Hen- 
 bane, Fetid Nightshade, Poison Tobacco, etc. — Cultivated 
 in this country for medicinal purposes. It rises from one to two 
 feet in height and has funnel-shaped flowers of a dingy yellow 
 with bright purple streaks. It is a strong narcotic, very poison- 
 ous, and often proves fatal when taken by mistake. See illus- 
 tration. 
 
 Applied externally, either as a poultice or by cloths wrung 
 out of the hot decoction, it is useful in all cases of painful and 
 obstinate inflammations, such as fistulas, boils, swellings of the 
 breast, scrofulous ulcers, painless tumors, inflamed eyes and 
 cramps in the bowels. In deep-seated inflammations the poultice 
 is also very useful. It should be used with caution. Its action 
 internally is the same as Belladonna. See A Chapter on Medi- 
 cines. 
 
 For Paralysis. 
 
 HOANG-NAN — Strychnos Malaccensis. 
 
 Native of Malacca and Cambodia. 
 
 Properties. — For leprosy, venereal and chronic diseases, 
 serpent bites, hydrophobia, epilepsy, convulsions and paralysis. 
 The most important use for which it is employed is in the treat- 
 ment of paralysis. Where the paralysis is recent it is peculiarly 
 efficacious. Also in rheumatism or syphilitic paralysis it achieves 
 important results. 
 
 Dose. — From 3 to 10 drops of the Tincture of Hoang-Nan, 
 concentrated. (This is a poison and should be carefully labeled) . 
 
 For Inflammation of Mucous Surfaces, also Leucorrhea. 
 
 HOLLYHOCK— Althcza Rosea. — This is a showy, well- 
 known plant. It is a native of Spain, and cultivated in this 
 country for ornamental purposes and because of its medicinal 
 qualities. 
 
HENBANE. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 
 Applied externally on Boils, Fistulas, Swellings of the Breast 
 Ulcers, Tumors, Inflamed Eyes, etc. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 59 
 
 A tea made of the flowers is employed in inflammation of 
 mucous surfaces, as the lining membrane of the throat, stomach, 
 bowels, urinary passages, etc. Also useful in leucorrhea. The 
 tea may be drank freely. 
 
 For Syphilitic Affections. 
 
 HONDURAS BARK— Cascara Amarga. 
 
 Native of Mexico and Honduras. 
 
 Properties. — Is an alterative, and is very useful in chronic 
 cases of syphilitic eruptions, syphilitic tubercles, chronic eczema 
 and gummy tumors. Especially recommended in the treatment 
 of syphilis. 
 
 Dose. — From V 2 to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Nervous Affections, Inflammatory Fevers, Pleurisy, Jaundice, 
 Indigestion, Consumption, Hypochondria, Venereal Com- 
 plaints, Worms. 
 
 HOPS — Humulus Lupulus. — Hops are cultivated in this 
 country. The plant is climbing and ornamental. The stems 
 twine around poles and reach to a great height. The flowers 
 are of a greenish color. 
 
 A bag filled with warm hops and placed under the head is a 
 popular remedy to quiet nervous irritation and produce sleep. 
 They are also much used in fomentation to afford relief in inflam- 
 matory fevers, especially in pleurisies. They may be given 
 internally in tincture, decoction or infusion. As a tonic, the 
 infusion is the best preparation, of which a wineglassful may be 
 taken at a time. It is given internally in jaundice, indigestion, 
 consumption, hypochondria, venereal complaints, worms, in 
 diseases attended with nervous irritation, and is very useful to 
 give tone to the stomach and bowels. It is also given in the 
 advanced stages of typhoid fever, where nervous tremors and 
 twitching of the tendons of the muscles exist. It is also a useful 
 drink in alcoholism and delirium tremens. 
 
 For Colds, Coughs, Affections of the Lungs. 
 
 HOREHOUND — Marrubium Vulgare, called also White 
 Horehound. — This plant is found along fences and roadsides. 
 It grows about a foot high. The leaves are deeply notched at 
 the edges, are wrinkled and hoary, and stand in pairs upon long, 
 thick, broad foot-stalks. The flowers are white. The plant has 
 a musklike odor. 
 
 Horehound is usually given in the form of syrup or infusion, 
 and is an excellent remedy in colds, coughs, and all affections 
 of the lungs. The pure Horehound candy is very useful in 
 troublesome coughs. 
 
560 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Piles, Rheumatism, Catarrh, Gangrene. 
 
 HORSE CHESTNUT— ^Esculus Hippocastanum.— -This 
 is a magnificent tree, too well known to need description. 
 
 A strong decoction of the bark is recommended as a wash in 
 gangrene. For rheumatism and piles, a decoction of the nuts is 
 highly esteemed, also an ointment of the powdered nut and lard 
 for local application. Some people carry horse chestnuts in 
 their pockets, believing they will ward off these diseases. In 
 case of catarrh, a pinch of the powdered root or nut applied to 
 the nostrils at night is said to clear the head nicely in the 
 morning. A decoction of the bark may also be employed in 
 intermittent fevers. The decoction is made of i % ounces of the 
 bark to a pint of water, of which the dose is a wineglassful three 
 times a day. The usual dose of the powder is from }i to }4 tea- 
 spoonful every four hours. 
 
 For Urinary Disorders. 
 
 HORSE MINT — Monarda Punctata, called also Origanum, 
 Dotted Monarda, etc. — This plant is of the same genus as the 
 Oswego Tea. It grows from two to three feet in height, has 
 lance-shaped leaves and flowers in clusters. 
 
 A strong decoction, given warm and freely, is very beneficial 
 in case of suppression of urine, difficulty in evacuating the same, 
 or gravel. 
 
 For Dropsy, Rheumatism, Neuralgia. 
 
 HORSERADISH — Cochlearia Atmoracia. — This plant is 
 cultivated, or grows spontaneously in gardens, and is too well 
 known to need description. 
 
 Externally, it produces irritation, and may be used in 
 place of Mustard. A warm infusion of this plant, drank in 
 sufficient quantity to produce perspiration, is an exceedingly 
 valuable remedy in dropsy, also beneficial in rheumatism, 
 neuralgia, etc. An infusion may be made by adding ^ to i 
 ounce of the root to a quart of water. 
 
 HYOSCYAMUS.— (See Hknbank). 
 
 For Colds, Coughs, Pulmonary Catarrh, Phthisis and Lung Affec- 
 tions Generally. 
 
 HYSSOP — Hyssopus Officinalis. — This plant is a native of 
 the south of France, but is cultivated in gardens in this country. 
 It grows about one foot high, and has flowers of a blue or pink 
 color. 
 
 It is very beneficial in colds, coughs, pulmonary catanhs 
 and all affections of the lungs. Infuse a handful of the 
 
HBRB RBMBDIBS. 561 
 
 herb . in 2 quarts of boiling water and drink freely, or 
 according to circumstances. It is also boiled with Figs and used 
 as a gargle for sore mouth and quinsy. 
 
 HYST^ERIOI^ICK—Haplopappus Baylahuen. 
 
 Native of Chili. 
 
 Properties. — This plant has balsamic properties and is 
 useful in the treatment of acute and chronic affections of the 
 lungs and bronchial tubes, in flatulent colic and the diarrhea 
 accompanying some forms of digestive troubles, in dysentery, 
 and in diseases of the genital and urinary organs accompanied 
 with purulent discharges. Also applied locally to wounds. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 15 drops of the fluid extract. 
 
 ICELAND MOSS— Cetrarza — This lichen is plentiful in 
 Iceland, whence its name is derived. It is found throughout 
 British America, and also grows as far south as the mountainous 
 regions of North Carolina. It grows from two to four inches 
 high and is irregularly branched. The upper surface is of a 
 greenish-grey or olive brown, and the lower surf ace is whitish with 
 depressed spots. Near the base it is reddish. Boiled with 20 
 parts water, it yields a liquid which on cooling forms a bitter 
 jelly. 
 
 This plant increases the appetite, promotes digestion and 
 improves nutrition. It does not excite the circulation nor 
 constipate, but in large doses may occasion nausea or diarrhea. 
 It is chiefly employed as a remedy for chronic pulmonary affec- 
 tions attended with cough and profuse expectoration and other 
 symptoms belonging to consumption. It may be made in 
 infusion by adding 3 ounces of the bruised plant to ij4 pints of 
 water, steeping down to % the quantity and adding 1 drachm 
 (teaspoonful) of the extract of Licorice. Of this preparation 
 2 tablespoonf uls may be taken every three or four hours if the 
 cough is urgent. 
 
 For Tonic, Laxative or Cathartic Uses. 
 
 INDIAN PHYSIC— Gillenia Ttifoliata, called also West- 
 ern Dropwort, Bowman's Root, etc. — The root of this plant 
 is branching. The head of the root is a tuber from which 
 proceeds numerous long, slender, brown branches, several stems 
 rising from the same root and growing two or three feet high. 
 They are of a reddish color and have large leaves. The flowers 
 are small and white. It grows generally in hilly regions and 
 sandy or gravelly soils. 
 
 The bark of the root is used as a medicine. Powdered and 
 taken in doses of 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls, which may be repeated 
 
 36 
 
562 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 every twenty minutes until it operates, it acts as a mild emetic ( pro- 
 ducing vomiting) and also as a purgative at the same time. 
 Taken in small doses, 5 to 10 grains, it acts as a laxative in cases 
 of habitual costiveness. In somewhat smaller doses it acts as a 
 tonic in dyspepsia arising from debility of the digestive organs. 
 It may be given in decoction, but is preferable in the form of 
 powder. Given in large doses it acts violently and brings on 
 debility. A decoction of this plant is sometimes given to horses 
 and cattle as a tonic. 
 
 For Coughs, Co?isumption, Asthma, Colic, Pains in the Bowels. 
 
 INDIAN TURNIP — Arum Triphyllum, called also Wild 
 Turnip, Wakk Robin, Dragon Root, etc. — This plant has a 
 tuberous root, which sends up in the spring a large colored spathe 
 (an envelope-shaped or sheath-like leaf) that is flattened and 
 bent at the top like a hood. The spathe or sheath has within it 
 a fleshy spike of variegated flowers, round at the top, and sur- 
 rounded at the base by stamens. The spathe and the spike of 
 flowers enclosed in it is later converted into a bunch of scarlet 
 berries. The leaves stand on long sheathing foot-stalks. There 
 are several varieties of this genus, known by the different color 
 of the spathe, which in one is white, in another dark purple, and 
 in a third, green. It grows in swamps, along ditches, and in 
 shady places. The root is the only part used. It loses its med- 
 icinal properties when old, but may be preserved fresh for a year 
 by burying in dry earth or sand. See illustration. 
 
 In its fresh state it is a powerful stimulant of the secretions 
 of the lungs and skin, and its expectorant properties are beneficial in 
 coughs, consumption of the lungs and asthma. It is also an 
 excellent remedy for colic and pains in the bowels. The root 
 should be dried, pulverized and given in honey, or made into a 
 paste with syrup. The syrup is also good for aphthous sore 
 mouth and throat. Dose, from 10 to 15 grains. 
 
 IPECAC — Ipecacuanha. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Intermittent Fevers, Neuralgic Affections, Dyspepsia, Scrofula, 
 etc. 
 
 IRON WOOD — Astrya Virginica. — This tree, which grows 
 from ten to forty feet in height, is a native of the eastern United 
 States. The bark of the tree is of a dark gray color, and the 
 heart, which is the part used in medicine, is veiy dense and hard. 
 
 This remedy is used in intermittent fevers, neuralgic affec- 
 tions, dyspepsia, scrofula, etc. It may be taken in infusion made 
 from chips of the tree, or in fluid extract, the dose of which is 
 from y 2 to 1 teaspoonful three times a day before meals. 
 
INDIAN TURNIP. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is used in Coughs, Consumption and Asthma, also in 
 V-olic and Pains in the Bowels. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 563 
 
 JABORANDL— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 For Affections of the Bladde? . 
 
 JACOB'S LADDER — Smilax Peduncularis . — This plant 
 consists of a single smooth, vine-like stalk, four or five feet high, 
 which sends off branches that cling to shrubbery, fences, or any- 
 thing within reach. It grows among bushes on rich soils. The 
 root has many circular depressions in its sides like that of the 
 Solomon's Seal. 
 
 An infusion of this plant, drank freely, is very useful in 
 affections of the bladder; it is said to have the property of dissolv- 
 ing stone or gravel. 
 
 JALAP. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 For Neuralgia, Whooping Cough, Muscular Rheumatism, etc. 
 
 JAMAICA DOGWOOD— Piscidia Ervthrina. 
 
 Native of West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — The Jamaica Dogwood resembles Opium in its 
 physiological properties, but is less intense and without unpleas- 
 ant after-effects. It relaxes the system, causes profuse sweating 
 and a flow of saliva, and affords relief in neuralgia, whooping 
 cough, nervous headache, muscular rheumatism, and other affec- 
 tions of a like nature. It is also sometimes used externally to 
 allay the pain of burns. 
 
 Dose. — From Yz to % teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Diabetes. 
 
 J AMBUL — Eugenia Jambolana. 
 
 Native of East Indies. 
 
 Properties. — Useful in diabetes to arrest the formation of 
 sugar. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 10 drops of the fluid extract. 
 For Worms, Asthma, Coughs, Suppressed Menstruatio7i. 
 
 JERUSALEM O KYL—Chenopodium Botrys.— Grows all 
 over the United States by roadsides and in neglected fields, stands 
 about a foot high, bears many small green flowers, and has an 
 odor something like Wormseed, but not so strong and more fra- 
 grant. It is of the same genus as Wormseed. 
 
 It is used in infusion for worms, asthma, consumption, con- 
 vulsive coughs, difficult breathing, etc., and is also useful in 
 suppressed menses. The dose is 2 tablespoonfuls, repeated as 
 necessary. 
 
564 M VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Use Externally on Wounds, Sores, Swellings, Ulcers, Tumots; 
 Internally, for Diarrhea, Menorrhagia, Nervous Diseases. 
 
 JOHNSWORT — Hypericum Perforatum, called also St. 
 Johnswort. — This plant grows in meadows and flowers during 
 the early part of June. It rises about two feet high, has round, 
 hard, upright stalks with spreading branches, and small leaves of a 
 deep green color . The flowers are y ello w and five-leafed , with many 
 yellow threads in the middle, which, when bruised, yield a juice like 
 blood, and produce small round heads, containing seeds. The 
 seeds are black and smell like resin. The root is hard, of a 
 brownish color, and has many fibers. 
 
 The tops and blossoms make a good ointment for wounds, 
 sores, swellings, ulcers, tumors and rough skins. A tea of the 
 leaves produces perspiration, and is beneficial in diseases of the 
 lungs. It promotes the excretion of urine and is likewise useful 
 for diarrhea, menorrhagia and nervous diseases. A syrup of 
 Johnswort combined with Sage is a specific for coughs. The 
 dose for a child twelve months old is ^ to 1 teaspoonful; for one 
 six months old, y 2 tablespoonful. An ointment made of Johns- 
 wort, Bittersweet, Elder bark and Stramonium, is valuable in 
 hard, indolent tumors of the breast. For diarrhea or flux, put 2 
 ounces of the flowers into a quart of good Brandy, of which the 
 patient may take a wineglassful night and morning, after first 
 taking a good cathartic. 
 
 For Dropsical Complaints. 
 
 JUNIPER — -funit>erus Commtinis. — This shrub rises to a 
 height of about four feet. The leaves are long, sharp, pointed, 
 of a dark green color, and stand three together without foot- 
 stalks. The fruit consists of berries about the size of a pin, 
 containing two or three small, triangular seeds. It flowers in 
 June, and the berries, which are the part used, are ripe in August. 
 
 They are gently stimulant and diuretic, and are chiefly used 
 in dropsical complaints. They have also been recommended in 
 skin diseases, scurvy, etc. They may be given in infusion, pre- 
 pared by steeping an ounce of the bruised berries in a pint of 
 boiling water, the whole of which may be taken in the course of 
 twenty-four hours. 
 
 Fen Worms, Itch, Herpes. 
 
 KAMALA — Mallotus Philippinensis . 
 
 Native of Southern Asia and Abyssinia. 
 
 Properties. — This remedy is used externally in various 
 affections of the skin, particularly in itch and herpes, but its 
 principal importance is its power to expel tapeworms. For this 
 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 565 
 
 purpose it requires no preparatory treatment. In case the first 
 dose fails to operate on the bowels, it may be repeated in four 
 hours followed by a dose of Castor Oil. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 
 
 Fot Gonorrhea. 
 
 KAVA KAVA—Piper Methysticum. 
 
 Native of South America and South Sea Islands. 
 
 Properties. — Kava Kava increases the secretion and dis- 
 charge of urine, is a stimulant of the nervous system and a seda- 
 tive of genital excitement. Taken in large doses it produces 
 intoxication, which differs from that of alcohol in being without 
 excitement, but rather of a quiet and sleepy nature. In smaller 
 and moderate doses it resembles Coca in its action in allaying 
 fatigue One of its principal uses is in the treatment of gonor- 
 rhea, and many experiments have been made with it along this 
 line. As a remedy for this disease two or three doses should be 
 taken during the day, each accompanied with a full glass of 
 water. The gonorrheal discharge is at first increased, and an 
 abundant and painless discharge of urine is usually produced by 
 the first dose. 
 
 Dose. — From 2 to 4 grains of the solid extract. 
 
 For Colic, Tenesmus, Spasms. 
 
 KNOT GRASS — Polygonum Aviculare. — This is a pale 
 green plant which usually grows where the ground has been 
 made hard by being trampled. It has many branches spreading 
 on the ground, so that the thrifty plant sometimes reaches a foot 
 or more each way from the center. The leaves are short and 
 small. 
 
 It is beneficial in colic and wind on the stomach, tenesmus 
 (a straining of the bowels without effecting evacuation) and 
 spasms in any part of the body. It is given in infusion in doses 
 of about 1 cupful as often as appears necessary. 
 
 For Whooping Cou^h, Dysentery, Skin Diseases. 
 
 LABRADOR TEA — Ledum Latifolium. — This plant grows 
 in damp places in the Northern part of this country and Canada. 
 The leaves are broad, oblong, somewhat heart-shaped at the base, 
 dark green and smooth above and rusty woolly beneath. They 
 have an agreeable odor and taste and possess expectorant and 
 tonic properties. 
 
 The leaves in infusion are useful in whooping cough, in 
 dysentery, and may also be taken in cases of skin disease. It 
 may be drank freely. 
 
566 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Nervous Diseases, Hyste?ical Affectio?is, Epilepsy, Tremors. 
 
 LADIES' SLIPPER — Cypripedium Pubescens, called also 
 American Valerian, Yellow Umbel, Nerve Root, Moc- 
 casin Flower, etc. — This plant is common in hills and 
 swamps. It grows from twelve to eighteen inches high, and the 
 flower is in the form of a purse or round bag with a small open- 
 ing near where it joins the stalk. It somewhat resembles a 
 moccasin or slipper, hence its name. The roots are fibrous and 
 thickly matted together. 
 
 It is a nervine and anti-spasmodic, and is used in nervous 
 diseases and hysterical affections to allay pain, quiet the nerves 
 and promote sleep; it is beneficial in nervous headache, epilepsy, 
 tremors, etc. A dose of the powdered root is a teaspoonful 
 diluted in water. It may also be made in decoction. 
 
 For Use Externally in Ringworm, Itch a?id Other Ski?i Affections. 
 
 LAUREL — Kalmia Lati folia, called also Mountain Laurel, 
 Calico Bush, Spoon-wood, etc. — This is a shrub growing 
 from four to ten feet high. The leaves are evergreen, of an oval 
 lance-shape, pointed at both ends, and have a bitterish taste. The 
 flowers, which are very beautiful, are of a rose color and shaped 
 something like a cup. It grows on mountains and hills. The 
 wood is soft when fresh, but becomes very hard and dense when 
 cut and dried. 
 
 It is used externally rather than given internally. The 
 powdered leaves made into an ointment with lard are an excel- 
 lent application for ringworm and other eruptions of this nature. 
 A decoction of it is used as a wash in itch and other skin affec- 
 tions. The powdered leaves are used as a snuff for catarrh. 
 Taken internally, it is a powerful and dangerous medicine. 
 
 Fo7 Flatulence, Fai?iti?ig, Nervous Affections. 
 
 LAVENDER — Lavendula Spica, called also Broad-Leaf 
 Lavender, etc. — This plant is cultivated for medicinal purposes. 
 The stem is whitish and woody. The leaves are lance-shaped and 
 pointed. The flowers are bluish and grow in spikes at the ends 
 of the branches. 
 
 It is employed with advantage in flatulence, fainting and 
 nervous affections. It is taken in the form of infusion or 
 powder. Of the powder, a dose is from Yz to % teaspoonful. 
 
 Fof External Use in Inflammations. 
 
 LEEK, or HOUSE-LEEK — SempervivumTectorum , called 
 also Hen-and-Chickens, Live-Forever, Sengreen, etc. — 
 This singular plant is very well known bv the name of " Hen- 
 and Chickens." 
 
HERB RBMBDIBS. 567 
 
 The fresh plant is applied as a cold application to ulcers, 
 stings of insects, etc. The juice, mixed with cream, is good 
 as an application for inflammations, especially of the eyes 
 and those of an erysipelatous character, also for burns. It is 
 very beneficial taken internally for diseases of an inflammatory 
 nature, also beneficial in dysentery. After cleansing the stomach 
 and bowels with a good cathartic, give a tablespoonful of the syrup 
 of this plant every two hours until the symptoms subside. To 
 make the syrup, bruise the green leaves, press out the juice, and 
 add to it its weight of white or loaf sugar. 
 
 For Scurvy, Colds, etc. 
 
 LEMON — Citrus Limonum. 
 
 Native of Asia. 
 
 Properties. — The juice of the lemon taken in small doses 
 stimulates the stomach and facilitates digestion. The juice of 
 one lemon in 1 pint of water, sweetened with sugar, is excellent 
 for allaying thirst and, taken hot, is valuable for colds. 
 
 The lemon possesses slight antispasmodic properties. At one 
 time it enjoyed some reputation in rheumatism and was recom- 
 mended as a remedy in malarial fevers; but these claims and a 
 number of others proved to be without foundation. It is of 
 undoubted value in scurvy, and when that disease existed was 
 used with most excellent results. Wonderful curative properties 
 have been in some instances ascribed to it, but later investiga- 
 tions have proven these claims to be without foundation. 
 
 For Nervous Diseases, Chronic Rheumatism, Colic, Diarrhea, 
 Coughs. 
 
 LETTUCE — Lactuca Saliva. — This plant is valuable as an 
 article of diet in many diseases, as hypochondria, nervous com- 
 plaints, etc., as it has sedative properties and conduces to sleep. 
 Like Wild Lettuce, it contains a quantity of milky juice which is 
 of a dark color and has in some degree the odor and taste of 
 Opium. Lactucarium is a preparation made from the juice of 
 the Lettuce, also sometimes called " Lettuce Opium." The dose 
 is from 3 to 5 grains. Lettuce is also employed with advantage 
 in allaying the pain of chronic rheumatism and colic, checking 
 the frequent stools attending diarrhea, and in relieving coughs. 
 
 For Colds, Coughs, etc. 
 
 LICORICE — Glycyrrhiza Glabra. 
 Native of Mediterranean Region and Western Asia. 
 Properties. — Licorice promotes the secretions of the con- 
 gested mucous membrane of the air passages, and is a valuable 
 
568 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 remedy in the cure of colds, coughs, etc. Equal parts of this 
 root, Lungwort and Iceland Moss, made into a strong decoction 
 and sweetened with rock candy, of which as much may be drank 
 as the stomach will bear, is said to cure colds bordering on 
 consumption. It is also very valuable in pneumonia, and as a 
 palliative in the cough of consumptives. Licorice root is also 
 largely used in sweetening syrups, and in pharmacy to cover pills 
 and give them a proper consistence. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powdered root, from 12 grains to 1 teaspoon- 
 ful; of the extract, from ^ to 1 ounce. 
 
 For Disorders of Menstruation. 
 
 LIFE ROOT — Senecio Gracilis, called alsoUNCUM, Natqua, 
 Mequot, etc. — This is a native plant growing on the banks of 
 creeks and low, marshy grounds in the northern and western 
 parts of this country. The root is about the size of a common 
 wheat straw, and has many short fibers. The flower stem rises 
 from twelve to eighteen inches high and bears yellow flowers. 
 
 It is highly valued in lung affections attended with debility, 
 especially the incipient (beginning) stages of consumption. One 
 of its most important uses, however, is in cases of suppressed 
 menstruation. It is said to be capable of restoring the secretion 
 when suppressed, or restraining it if too profuse, and is known to 
 many by the name of " Female Regulator." For this purpose it 
 is given in the form of decoction, made by adding x / 2 ounce to a 
 pint of water, the whole to be taken through the course of the 
 day in divided doses. This treatment should be commenced five 
 or six days before the expected time of menstruation, and if its 
 purpose is not accomplished the first time, it should be repeated 
 before the next expected period. In lung diseases, hemorrhages, 
 etc. , it is prepared by simmering a suitable quantity of the roots 
 in a closely covered vessel until their strength is extracted and 
 adding equal parts of honey and loaf sugar to form a syrup, to 
 every pint of which may be added y^ gill of the best quality of 
 Jamaica Spirits. 
 
 For Liver Complaint, bidigestion, Hypochondria, etc. 
 
 LIVERWORT— Hepatica Triloba, called also Liver Leaf, 
 Noble Liverwort, etc. — The leaves of this plant, which some- 
 what resemble a clover leaf, live through the winter, and the 
 flowers appear early in the spring, sometimes when the snow is 
 yet falling. They are small and white, and drooping at first, but 
 spread out as they unfold. See illustration. 
 
 This plant has no smell and very little taste, but it is much 
 employed in liver complaints, indigestion, hypochondria, etc. It 
 
LOBELIA. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is exceedingly valuable in Asthma, Croup, Whooping Cough 
 and Pulmonary Diseases generally, and is also used as an emetic. 
 
HERB RBMBDIBS. 569 
 
 is given in the form of infusion, either warm or cold, and may be 
 drank freely without regard to quantity. 
 
 For Poultice to Inflamed and Sore Surfaces. 
 
 LIZARD'S TAIL — Saururus Cernuus, called also Swamp 
 L,ii,y, etc. — The fresh root is applied in the form of poultices to 
 inflamed and swelled surfaces. Roasted and applied as a poul- 
 tice, it is very beneficial in lumbago, pains in the breast, sore 
 nipples, etc. 
 
 For Asthma, Croup, Whooping Cough, Pulmonary Diseases Gen- 
 erally, as an Emetic. 
 
 LOBELIA — Lobelia Fiflata, called also Emetic Herb, 
 Indian Tobacco, Wild Tobacco, Puke Weed and Asthma 
 Weed. — Grows in dry open places all over the United States, 
 from one to two feet in height, and blosfoms from June to 
 October, bearing a small blue flower growing out of a capsule. 
 The capsule contains two cells, and is very full of small black 
 seeds. See Illustration. 
 
 Exceedingly valuable in asthma, croup, whooping cough 
 and pulmonary diseases generally. The leaves, seeds and 
 inflated capsules may be given in the form of powders or 
 tincture. A dose of the powder is 1 to 5 grains; of the tincture, 
 10 to 20 drops. In asthma the dose should be repeated in about 
 half an hour if the paroxysm continues. For croup, teaspoonful 
 doses of the tincture are recommended to be taken in connection 
 with warm drinks of some simple herb tea until vomiting occurs. 
 
 For Hysteria and Nervous Disorders, E?uptions. 
 
 LOVAGE — Ligusticu?n Levisticum, called also Smellage 
 and IyAvosE. — Has small oblong seeds, strongly ribbed and of a 
 yellowish brown color. 
 
 The seeds may be given in powder, of which the dose is 10 
 to 20 grains, or infusion, and are considered valuable in hysteria 
 and nervous disorders and to bring out the rash in eruptive fevers. 
 
 For Dysentery, Strangury, Urinary Affections. 
 
 LOW MALLOW— Malva Rotundifolia, called also Cheese 
 Plant. — This is a very common, creeping plant, that bears a 
 fruit popularly called "cheeses." 
 
 It is useful in decoction for dysentery, strangury and all 
 urinary difficulties and complaints, also for injections. It makes 
 a soothing poultice applied warm. 
 
570 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Pulmonary Affections. 
 
 LUNG W O R T — Pulmonaria Officinalis. — This is an 
 European plant, but there are native allied plants, such as the 
 Virginia lungwort . It is an expectorant and used as an ingre- 
 dient in cough mixtures. It is beneficial in the various pulmo- 
 nary affections. 
 
 For Coughs, Hoarseness, Asthma , Tickling of the Throat, Pleurisy. 
 
 MAIDEN HAIR — Adiantum Pedatum, called also Rock 
 Fern. — This fern has a large brown root, which sends up a 
 compound of tinted leaves and stem about a foot in height. The 
 branches are of a shining chestnut color, forked upward, and 
 each subdivided into from four to seven small ones. The color 
 of the leaves is a pale green. It grows in rich soil and deep 
 woods, and may be collected at any time. It may be given 
 freely in decoction, or in syrup, and is useful in coughs and 
 hoarseness; also in asthma and tickling of the throat, in pleurisies 
 and all disorders of the bronchial tubes, larynx and breast. A 
 decoction is prepared by pouring a pint of boiling water on an 
 ounce of the plant, straining when cold and adding sufficient 
 sugar to sweeten. 
 
 F07 Tapeworm. 
 
 MALE FERN — Aspidium Filix Mas, called also Shield 
 Fern. — This plant grows in shady pine forests. The proper 
 time for collecting it is during the summer. The dried root is 
 externally of a brown color and internally of a yellowish white or 
 reddish. 
 
 It is much used as a vermifuge in cases of tapeworm. A 
 dose of the powdered root is from 2 to 3 drachms. Two hours 
 after taking a purgative must be taken in order to expel the 
 worm. Another form of giving it is the Oleoresin in doses of from 30 
 to 50 drops, half to be taken, at night and the other half in the 
 morning; to be followed in about an hour by 1% ounces of 
 Castor Oil. 
 
 For Venereal, Scrofulous and Dyspeptic Complaints, Dropsy, hicon- 
 tinence of Urine. 
 
 MANDRAKE— Podophyllum Peltatum, called also May 
 Apple, Indian Apple, etc. — The Mandrake has a jointed, 
 running root, half the size of the finger. The stem of the plant 
 grows about a foot high and is enveloped at its base by the 
 sheaths which covered it when in bud. It divides at the top 
 into two stems from three to six inches long, each one supporting 
 
MARSHMALLOW. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 
 This herb is used externally as a poultice on Inflammatory 
 Tumors and Swellings, and to prevent threatened Mortification. 
 
HERB REM BD IBS. 5 7 1 
 
 a large leaf which resembles the hand spread out. In the fork 
 of the stem is a large white flower. The fruit is of a yellowish 
 color, and somewhat resembles a small apple. 
 
 The dried root of the Mandrake is easily reduced to powder. 
 It is given internally, and is very valuable in chronic diseases, 
 such as venereal, scrofulous, bilious and dyspeptic complaints, 
 also in dropsy. It is also of the greatest service in incontinence 
 of urine. For a cathartic, give from 15 to 20 grains of the 
 powdered root; as an alterative, in chronic cases, from 1 to 3 
 grains twice a day. The resin of the Mandrake, called Podo- 
 phyllin, may be substituted for the powdered root and given in 
 grain doses. Podophyllin pills may be obtained at any drug 
 store. 
 
 For Low Forms of Fevers, Scrofula, Jaundice, Suppressed Menstrua- 
 tion. 
 
 MARIGOLD — Calendula Officinalis. — This plant is well 
 known in ornamental gardens. It has a peculiar, rather disa- 
 greeable odor, which is lost by drying. The taste is rough, 
 bitter and salty. 
 
 The flowers are made into an infusion and daily given in 
 low forms of fevers, scrofula, jaundice and suppressed menstrua- 
 tion. Also given in scarlet fever, measles, etc., to bring out the 
 rash. 
 
 For External Application to Inflammatory Tumors and Swellings, 
 especially those that threaten to run into a gangrenous state. 
 
 MARSHMALLOW—Althtz Officinalis, called also Morti- 
 fication Root. — This plant grows plentifully along banks and 
 rivers and in marshy places. The root is fleshy, about the size 
 of the finger, and is of a white color. The plant rises from three 
 to four feet in height, has smooth, downy, heart-shaped leaves, 
 and large, single, light rose flowers. See illustration. 
 
 The most important use of the Marshmallow is in the form 
 of a poultice, the application of which will subdue inflammation, 
 and prevent mortification when threatened. Also applied to 
 inflammatory tumors and swellings of every kind. For this 
 purpose the root should be cut into small pieces, bruised as finely 
 as possible and boiled in sweet milk, to which a small quantity 
 of powdered Kim bark may be added from time to time until it 
 becomes sufficiently thick. It should be applied as warm as can 
 be borne, and renewed as often as it becomes dry. It is so 
 valuable in inflammations that threaten to run into a gangrenous 
 state that the name of " Mortification Root" is often given to it. 
 It is made into an ointment and used in herpetic (See Herpes) 
 affections to allay itching and burning. Take ^2 ounce of the 
 
572 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 dried roots and boil in 2 pints of water down to 1 pint. This 
 makes a valuable wash for canker of the mouth. It is given 
 internally freely in the form of decoction, and is beneficial in 
 diseases of the urinary organs, dysentery, gonorrhea and bron- 
 chitis. 
 
 For Relaxed Conditions, as of the Bowels, Falling of the Womb, 
 Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, etc., a?id Ulcerous Conditions, espe- 
 cially of the Mouth and Throat. 
 
 MARSH ROSEMARY— Statice Limonium, called also 
 Seaside Thrift, Ska Lavkndkr and Ink Root. — Is of the 
 same genus as Thrift, elsewhere described, and grows in the 
 salt marshes along our seacoast. The root is large, fleshy and 
 branched, and of a purplish brown color. The flowers are blue. 
 
 The root is a tonic and a powerful astringent. Used as a 
 gargle in ulcerous sore throat, in connection with a little Capsi- 
 cum, it is considered a certain cure. Used also as a gargle in 
 thrush of the malignant variety and all ulcerous conditions of the 
 mouth and throat. Also used as a wash or injection in leucorrhea, 
 gonorrhea, gleet and immoderate flow of the menses. It may be 
 taken internally in the form of decoction, infusion or syrup in 
 small, repeated doses, and is useful in hemorrhage, cholera infan- 
 tum, chronic dysentery, and any relaxed condition of the bowels, 
 falling of the womb, etc. Also much used in the putrid sore throat 
 accompanying scarlet fever. A good way to make the decoction 
 is with milk, an ounce of the root to a pint of milk, the dose in 
 severe cases being a tablespoonful every hour. Or a tincture of 
 2 ounces of the root to ^ ounce of Cinnamon bark, to which is 
 added 1 pint of Brandy, the dose being from 1 to 3 teaspoonfuls. 
 The powdered root makes a good dust for old sores. 
 
 For Hemorrhages. 
 
 MATICO — Piper Augustifolium . 
 
 Native of Tropical America from Mexico as far south as 
 Brazil and Peru. 
 
 Properties. — It is absorbed into the blood and appears to 
 produce a constriction of the minute blood vessels, making it a 
 valuable remedy in hemorrhages, as of the lungs, stomach, 
 bowels, etc. In its native home the green leaves are applied 
 direct to bleeding surfaces. This remedy has also been used in 
 the treatment of bronchitis, leucorrhea, gonorrhea and various 
 other diseases, but its chief use, as above stated, is in checking 
 hemorrhages. 
 
 Dose. — Of the powder, from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls several times 
 a day; of the extract, from ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 573 
 
 For Rheumatism, Hysterical Affections, Epilepsy, Drobsy, Asthma, 
 Scrofula, etc. 
 
 MAYWEED — Anthemis Cotula, called also Wild Chamo- 
 mile, Dog's Fennel, etc. — This plant is found in open fields 
 everywhere; it never grows in the shade. The root is crooked 
 and fibrous. The stem is from one to two feet high and very 
 much branched, and both the stems and leaves are covered with 
 short, woolly hairs. 
 
 The properties of Mayweed are similar to those of Chamo- 
 mile, for which it may be substituted. It is weaker, however, 
 and less pleasant to the taste. It is extensively used for rheum- 
 atism, hysterics, epilepsy, dropsy, asthma, scrofula and other 
 complaints, both internally and externally. For rheumatism, 
 hysterical fits, suffocations, swellings, pains and contusions, it is 
 used externally in warm baths. Internally, the flowering tops 
 are given in decoction or infusion for colds, fevers, rheumatism, 
 asthma, etc. If given too strong, it produces vomiting, and even 
 a weak infusion may nauseate the stomach. In small doses it is 
 a gentle tonic. It produces a copious perspiration. 
 
 For Vitiated Blood and Eruptions of the Skin. 
 
 MEADOW FERN— Myrica Gale, called also Sweet 
 Gale, Bog Myrtle, Dutch Myrtle, etc. — This grows in beds 
 or patches in wet meadows and about the edges of ponds and 
 streams. The stem grows from two to five feet high, is much 
 branched and covered with reddish bark. The leaves are narrow 
 at the base, but increase in width toward the end. The flowers 
 are succeeded by small green burrs or seed vessels, which grow 
 in clusters on the branches. These burrs attain their full size 
 about the middle of August, when they should be collected and 
 carefully dried. This fern grows more abundantly in the New 
 England States than others. It makes a valuable ointment for 
 external application in itch and all troublesome humors or 
 eruptions of the skin. A decoction of the burr, sweetened 
 with honey and taken in the quantity of a teacupful three times 
 a day, is beneficial in the above complaints to purify the blood 
 and restore the skin to a healthy tone, and is sometimes used as 
 an injection into the urethra in gonorrhea and gleet. 
 
 For Syphilis, Chronic Rheumatism and Skin Diseases. 
 
 MEZEREON — Daphne Mezereum. — This is a low shrub 
 that grows in woods and shady places. Found plentifully in the 
 vicinity of the Ohio River. It is also cultivated in gardens. The 
 whole plant is so corrosive that six of its berries are said to kill a 
 wolf. The bark of the root when chewed for some time causes 
 great burning in the mouth and throat. 
 
574 FAVORITE, MEDICAL RECEIPTS, 
 
 It is given in the form of decoction, as follows: 2 drachms of 
 the bark with x / 2 ounce of Licorice Root, boiled in 3 pints of water 
 down to 2 pints, of which a wineglassful may be given four times 
 a day. It is principally used in syphilis; also used in chronic 
 rheumatism and skin diseases. 
 
 For Dropsy, Catarrh, Scrofulous and Rheumatic Disorders, Worms. 
 
 MILKWEED — Asclepias Syriaca, called also Silk weed. — 
 This is a common and well known plant, growing in sandy places 
 along roadsides. The stem grows from three to five feet high 
 and has oblong, lance-shaped leaves which are downy on the 
 under surface. The flowers are large, of a pale purple and sweet- 
 scented. The pod is covered with short prickles, and contains a 
 large quantity of silky down. 
 
 This plant is a valuable remedy in dropsy, and is also bene- 
 ficial in catarrh, scrofulous and rheumatic disorders, disordered 
 condition of the system generally and worms in children. A 
 decoction is made by boiling 8 ounces of the dried root in 
 3 quarts of water, of which the dose for dropsy is a gill taken 
 four times a day, the dose to be increased according to its effect. 
 For other complaints a larger dose may be taken. A tincture of 
 the root in Gin is also used in dropsy and gravelly disorders. 
 
 For Epilepsy. 
 
 MISTLETOE — Viscum Verticillatum. — This plant is found 
 growing on various trees, usually on Oak. It has clusters of 
 smooth white berries that remain on throughout the winter, each 
 berry containing a single fleshy seed. It should be separated 
 from the Oak about the last of November, carefully dried, 
 ground into a fine powder and put into a well-stoppered bottle; 
 it should not be left exposed to the air. 
 
 It is used as a remedy for epilepsy. To begin with the dose 
 may be a teaspoonful four times a day taken in Valerian tea 
 and increased to 2 or 3 teaspoonfuls, according to its effect. 
 
 For Nervous Affections of Women. 
 
 MOTHER WO R T — Leonurus Cardiaca — This valuable 
 plant has a strong stalk, square and brownish, rising from two to 
 four feet high and spreading into many branches. The leaves are 
 broad and long, two at every joint, and notched about the edge. 
 The flowers grow around the branches from about the middle to 
 the top. They are of a red or purple color, and grow out of 
 prickly husks or burrs. 
 
 This plant is a tonic and antispasmodic. It relieves hysteri- 
 cal symptoms, produces sleep, abates delirium and allays spasms 
 of the womb. It is very beneficial to females who suffer from 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 575 
 
 tenderness about the lower bowels and loins. It will also bring 
 on the menses. It may be given in powder, a tablespoonful at a 
 dose; or the expressed juice, y^ tablespoonful; or in infusion or 
 decoction, which may be drank freely. The decoction may be 
 made by adding 2 ounces of the dried herb to a quart of water 
 and boiling down to 1 pint. The dose is from 1 to 2 tablespoon- 
 fuls every two hours during the day. 
 
 For Paralysis, Muscular Rheumatism, Nervous Affections. 
 
 MOUNTAIN ARNICA— Arnica Montana, called also 
 I^EOpard's Bane. — This plant has a woody, brownish root, 
 which ends rather abruptly and sends forth slender fibers of the 
 same color. It has a hairy stem, about a foot high, which ends 
 in two or three flower stalks that bear a single large flower of a 
 fine orange yellow color. The flowers, leaves and root are all 
 employed as medicine, but the flowers are preferred. 
 
 It acts with great energy on the brain and nervous system, 
 and may be given with advantage in paralysis, muscular rheuma- 
 tism and nervous affections. It is given in substance or infusion. 
 A dose of the powder is from 5 to 10 grains, frequently repeated. 
 The infusion may be made by adding an ounce of the flowers to 
 a pint of water, of which from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls may be given 
 every two or three hours. The infusion should always be strained 
 through linen as otherwise the fine fibers of the plant might irri- 
 tate the throat. 
 
 For Tonic Purposes, especially in Fevers. 
 
 MOUNTAIN ASH — Sorbus Americana, called also Ser- 
 vice Tea. — This is a small tree, reaching to the height of ten to 
 twenty feet. It bears a fruit in the shape of a bright scarlet 
 berry about the size of a pea. 
 
 The bark, which is the part used in medicine, smells and 
 tastes like Cherry bark, but is more astringent. It is a fine tonic, 
 and also possesses antiseptic properties, making it a valuable 
 remedy in fevers. It is used in infusion, and may be drank 
 freely, or according to its effects. The berries are used as a 
 remedy in scurvy. 
 
 For Periodic Fevers, Rheumatism, Scarlet Fever, Diphtheria. 
 
 M O UN TA I N SAG E— Sierra Salvia, called also Sage 
 Bush. — This plant is found in territory adjoining the eastern 
 slope of the Rocky Mountains. There is a large variety of the 
 genus known as Sage Bush found all over the western part of 
 this country. 
 
 It is a valuable remedy in the treatment of periodic fevers, 
 as remittent, intermittent, etc., for which purpose a teaspoonfu) 
 
576 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 of the fluid extract may be given in a glass of hot lemonade about 
 an hour before the expected chill, and repeated in thirty minutes 
 if sweating has not been produced. In rheumatism, scarlet 
 fever, diphtheria, etc., it is also given hot, as above, and repeated 
 every thirty minutes until sweating and free urination take place. 
 Dose. — From i to 2 teaspoonfuls of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Diarrhea, Colics, Scalding- Urine, Consumption, Piles, Scalds, 
 Wounds, Swellings, Sprains, Inflammation, Sores, Weak 
 Eyes. 
 
 MULLEIN — Verbascum Thapsus. — Grows plentifully along 
 roads and in old fields. Too common to need description. 
 
 An infusion of the leaves and flowers combined is given 
 with advantage in looseness of the bowels and diarrhea, in colics 
 and scalding urine, and is also useful in consumption. It may be 
 drank freely. Also makes a good wash for piles, scalds, and 
 wounds in cattle. In the form of a poultice the leaves and pith 
 of the stalk are useful in white swellings, sprains and inflamma- 
 tions. The leaves boiled in vinegar are applied with advantage 
 to offensive sores, swellings and contracted sinews. The blossoms 
 saturated with rose water make an excellent wash for weak eyes. 
 
 For External Application to allay Pain. 
 
 MUSTARD— Sinapis Alba.— The flowers of this plant are 
 small, yellow, and disposed in a terminal cluster. See illustra- 
 tion. 
 
 Ground Mustard seed makes an excellent external applica- 
 tion in all cases of pain. It is used in the form of plasters, 
 spread on cloth, and is excellent to relieve inflammation, to arouse 
 the system in apoplectic conditions, in the last stages of low 
 typhus fever, and to prevent the return of convulsions in adults 
 and children it should never be omitted. It is also used in the 
 treatment of cholera, cholera infantum, etc., applied in poultices 
 to the abdomen. To make a Mustard plaster so it will not blister, 
 beat the white of an egg, add a little flour, then enough of the 
 Mustard to make a soft paste; it should not be stirred thick. 
 Spread it on a cloth — a piece of old cotton or linen — large enough 
 to fold back over it, apply, and la}' several thicknesses of cloth 
 above it to prevent soiling clothing. Mustard foot baths are given 
 to induce sweating and to draw the blood away from the brain or 
 other organs when in a congested state. 
 
 For Tonic, Gargle, Application to Ulcers arid Sores. 
 
 NANNY BUSH — Viburnum Lentago. — A shrub growing 
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HERB REMEDIES. 577 
 
 The bark is dark gray and rough, and the berries, which are 
 black, hang in clusters from the end of the limbs. Their taste 
 is sweet. 
 
 An infusion of the bark of the root taken in tablespoonful 
 doses makes an excellent tonic; and a decoction of the same 
 makes a valuable wash for old ulcers and sores, and is particu- 
 larly good as a gargle for the throat. 
 
 For Gravel ', Hemorrhage, Diarrhea. 
 
 NETTLE — Urtica Dioica. — This common plant needs no 
 description. The juice is astringent, and is good in gravelly 
 complaints, internal hemorrhage and spitting of blood. The 
 decoction is beneficial for those who make bloody urine and for 
 consumption in its early stages. Also, sweetened with sugar, is 
 much used in diarrhea and dysentery. 
 
 The better way to prepare it is to make a strong syrup of 
 the Nettle, bark of the Wild Cherry and Blackberry root. 
 These articles should be boiled and the liquid strained off, to 
 each pint of which should be added from ^ to 1 pound of loaf 
 sugar and a gill of good Brandy, together with a little Cinna- 
 mon, Allspice or Nutmeg. The dose for a child from one to 
 two years old is a teaspoonful, often repeated; for an adult, from 
 ^ to 1 wineglassful five or six times daily. Before giving this 
 preparation a laxative should be given, as, for instance, Rhubarb. 
 This is an effectual treatment in all bowel complaints, and is a 
 valuable preparation in the summer complaints of children. 
 
 For Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Epilepsy, Asthma, Bronchitis, Coughs, 
 Diseases of the Lmigs. 
 
 NEW JERSEY TEA — Ceanothus Americanus, called also 
 Red Root, Wild Snowbaix, Bohba, etc. — A shrub, bearing 
 small white flowers" in clusters. Found in New Jersey, Penn- 
 sylvania, New York and the Western States. The bark of the 
 root has the smell and taste of Peach leaves and imparts a red 
 color to water. 
 
 Given in decoction, it is esteemed a useful remedy in syphi- 
 litic complaints, in gonorrheal discharges, in epilepsy, asthma, 
 chronic bronchitis, consumption and all diseases of the lungs. 
 As an expectorant it is very valuable in coughs where there is 
 no inflammation. The bark of the root may be employed 
 in tincture in doses of from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 
 three or four times a day; or the stems, leaves and seeds may be 
 used in decoction or strong infusion, drank cold, about a pint in 
 the course of the day, 
 
 37 
 
578 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Heart Troubles, Drot>sy, Threatened Apoplexy and Rheumatism. 
 
 NIGHT-BLOOMING CEREUS— Cactus Grandiftorus. 
 Native of West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — Especially useful in functional diseases of the 
 heart attended with much irregularity of action, relieving or 
 removing the symptoms — frequently giving prompt relief. It 
 has been found serviceable in palpitation, angina pectoris and 
 other affections of the heart, in rheumatism, dropsy and threat- 
 ened apoplexy. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Asthma, Colds, Fevers and Bowel Complaints. 
 
 NINE BARK — Spircea Opulifolia, called also Snowball, 
 Hardhack, etc. — This is a shrub with white flowers found in 
 wet places. It grows from three to five feet in height. There 
 are many shrubs called by this name, but are not the true Nine 
 Bark. 
 
 It is used principally as an external application, either in 
 fomentation or poultice, in burns, mortifications, swellings, etc. 
 It is taken internally in warm infusion for asthma, colds, fevers 
 and bowel complaints. 
 
 NUX VOMICA.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Gall-Stones, to Prevent Lead Poisoning, etc. 
 
 OLIVE— Oleum Oliv<z. 
 
 Native of the Mediterranean Region. 
 
 Properties. — Olive Oil in the dose of 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls 
 acts as a mild laxative, sometimes given to infants in teaspoonful 
 doses for this purpose. It is extensively used by workmen in 
 white lead factories to keep the bowels free and prevent lead 
 poisoning. It is taken in large doses, say from 6 to 12 table- 
 spoonfuls, in case of gall-stones. Large doses have also been 
 known to kill and expel tapeworms. It is applied locally to the 
 bites and stings of insects, also to wounds, burns, and, warmed, 
 to bruises and sprains. It is employed as an article of food, and 
 is put to many other uses. 
 
 Dose. — As above. 
 
 Note. — Most of the so-called Olive Oil on the market is Cotton-Seed 
 Oil. Cotton-Seed Oil is comparatively inexpensive, and the public is 
 unable to detect the difference. There may be many instances where this 
 substitution offers no serious objection, but for internal use there should be 
 some way of detecting the difference. This, however, is a difficult matter, 
 and there are no simple means of accomplishing it. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 579 
 
 For Poulticing, Colds and Croup in Children, Dropsies, Suppression 
 of Urine, Gravel, etc. 
 
 ONION — Allium Cepa. — Roasted and split, onions are 
 applied to boils and tumors in which pus is forming. They ease 
 the pain and hasten the formation of the pus. The juice pressed 
 out and made into a syrup with sugar is given to children for 
 colds, croup, etc. As a food they are recommended in dropsies, 
 suppression of urine, gravel, etc. 
 
 OPIUM. — (See A Chapter on Medicinks). 
 
 For Debility after Sickness, Scalding Urine, Rheumatism, Colic, 
 Paralysis, Piles. 
 
 OSWEGO TEA — Monarda Didyma, called also Moun- 
 tain Bai,m, Square Stalk, Rkd Balm, etc. — Has many heads 
 of flowers of a bright scarlet, and is a very handsome plant. It 
 is of the same genus as Horsemint. 
 
 Much esteemed in protracted illness where stimulants are 
 required for a long time. Said to be valuable in piles, scalding 
 urine, rheumatism, colic and paralysis. Given in infusion freely. 
 
 For Diarrhea, Dysentery, Cholera Morbus, Colic, Night Sweats. 
 
 PARACOTO, or COTO, BARK. 
 
 Native of Bolivia and Brazil. 
 
 Properties. — This remedy is used in diarrhea, dysentery, 
 cholera morbus and colic, its chief use being to check chronic 
 diarrhea attended with general debility. It has also been success- 
 fully used to check night sweats. 
 
 Preparations. — Cotoin and Paracotoin. 
 
 Dose. — Of Cotoin, from 1 to 2 or 3 grains three times a day, 
 taken well diluted in water; of Paracotoin, from 2 to 3 or 4 
 grains, also well diluted. 
 
 For Dropsy, Bladder and Kidney Affections, Gravel, Obstructions 
 of the Liver, faundice. 
 
 PARSLEY — Angelica Petroselinum, called also Rock 
 Parsi/Ey. — A very common plant, rising about two feet in height 
 and bearing small yellow flowers. 
 
 The whole plant may be used in infusion, or a decoction 
 made of the roots and seeds, either of which may be drank freely. 
 It is used in dropsy, affections of the bladder and kidneys, gravel, 
 obstructions of the liver and jaundice. The bruised leaves make 
 a good poultice. 
 
5 8o FAVORITE, MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Kidneys and Bladder. 
 
 PARSLEY P1ERT— Aphanes Arvensis, called also 
 Breakstone. — Found in the Southern States, particularly in 
 Maryland. 
 
 A valuable remedy in gravel and all diseases of the kidneys 
 and bladder. Take an ounce of the plant and pour on i pint of 
 boiling water; steep, but not boil. 
 
 Dose. — A gill three times a day. 
 For Confinement, Dropsy, Gout, Suppression of Urine. 
 
 PARTRIDGE BERRY— Mitchella Repens, called also 
 Squaw Vine, Checkerberry, One-Berry, Winter Clover. 
 — A small evergreen vine, running along the ground, usually 
 found among hemlock timber in swampy places. It has small, 
 round green leaves, a white flower and a bright scarlet berry. 
 
 Famous among the Indians for lessening the labor of child- 
 birth, the squaws drinking it for two or three weeks previous to 
 and during delivery. It may be advantageously used in dropsy, 
 gout and suppression of urine. It may be taken freely in infusion 
 or made an ingredient in syrups. The herb and the berries are 
 both used. 
 
 For Tonic Purposes. 
 
 PEACH TRE E — Amygdalus Persica. — The dried fruit, 
 stewed with sugar, is laxative, and is very wholesome for inva- 
 lids who are troubled with costiveness. The kernel of the pit 
 has a bitter, yet pleasant taste, and makes a very valuable medi- 
 cine. 
 
 A syrup or cordial of the kernels is very useful to improve 
 the tone of the stomach and bowels and invigorate the digestive 
 powers. A tincture made of the kernels makes a powerful tonic, 
 which is used in fever and ague, debility, etc., and is a valuable 
 remedy in the treatment of leucorrhea. The dose of the tincture 
 is a teaspoonful three times a day. An ounce of the flowers and 
 kernels in equal proportions boiled in a pint of water, to which is 
 added ^ pound of sugar, is excellent, taken in teaspoonful doses, 
 for children teething and suffering from worms. 
 
 For Suppression of Urine or Menses. 
 
 PENNYROYAL — Hedeoma Pulegioides. — This plant grows 
 all over the United States and Canada in dry woods and plains. 
 The root is small and yellowish. The leaves are small and of an 
 oblong lance-shape. The flowers are a pale blue with purplish 
 spots. 
 
HBRB RBMBD1BS. 5 8 1 
 
 It is a popular remedy for suppressed urine and menses. For 
 this purpose it is taken in infusion, which brings on a general 
 perspiration. It should be made into a strong tea and taken 
 warm freely and frequently. 
 
 For Nausea, Vomiting, Heartburn, Flatulent Colic, Bowel Complaints. 
 
 PEPPERMINT-/^A Piperita.— The Peppermint 
 grows from one to two feet high and bears spikes of purple 
 flowers. It has a well known odor. 
 
 It is given in powder, infusion, essence or oil. Of the 
 essence the dose is from 5 to 10 drops. The infusion is made by 
 adding an ounce of the herb to a quart of boiling water, and 
 may be taken freely. It is a very valuable remedy in complaints 
 of the stomach. It is excellent to allay vomiting, sickness at the 
 stomach, heartburn, flatulent colic, bowel complaint, cholera 
 morbus, etc. The fresh herb, bruised and applied to the pit of 
 the stomach, will cure nausea. 
 
 For Diarrhea, Chronic Dysentery, Hemorrhage of the Womb. 
 
 PERSIMMON — Diospyrus Virginiana, called also Seeded 
 Plum. — The Persimmon tree is a native of the Southern States. 
 It often grows to a height of sixty feet, and has a trunk eighteen 
 or twenty inches in diameter. The farther north it grows, the 
 smaller it becomes. An old tree is covered with a furrowed, 
 blackish bark. It bears flowers of a pale orange color, and 
 berries which are of a dark yellow color when perfectly ripe and 
 contain numerous seeds in a soft yellow pulp. The flowers 
 appear in May and June, but the fruit is not ripe until the middle 
 of autumn. In a green state the fruit is excessively astringent, 
 but after being touched by the frost it becomes sweet and 
 pleasant to the taste. 
 
 The unripe fruit is used in infusion or syrup, prepared in the 
 proportion of about 1 ounce of the bruised fruit to 4 tablespoon- 
 fuls of liquid, and given in the dose of a teaspoonful or more for 
 infants, and a taMespoonful for adults, for diarrhea, chronic dys- 
 entery, and hemorrhage of the womb. The bark is employed in 
 the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 
 
 PERUVIAN BARK.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Diseases of the Bladder and Kidneys. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA FLEABANE— Erigeron Philadelphi- 
 cum, called also Scabious. — This plant is generally called Scab- 
 ious. It has a branching, yellowish root, and from one to five 
 stems, which rise two or three feet in height and are much 
 branched at the top. The whole plant is covered with short 
 
582 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 hairs. The lower leaves are supported on long foot-stalks; the 
 upper are narrow, oblong, somewhat wedge-shaped, and slightly 
 embrace the stem. The flowers are numerous. 
 
 This plant is of the same genus as the Scabious, elsewhere 
 described, and is useful in dropsical and kidney affections, 
 especially in irritability of the bladder. It is usually given in 
 decoction made of an ounce of the herb to a pint of water, all of 
 which may be taken within twenty-four hours. 
 
 For Hydrophobia , Old Ulcers. 
 
 PIMPERNEL — Anagallis Arvensis, called also Red 
 Chickweed. — Has square stalks, lying on the ground, and the 
 flowers, which are of a pale red color, stand singly. The root is 
 fibrous. 
 
 The Germans esteem it infallible in hydrophobia, the dose 
 being half a teaspoonful of the powdered herb repeated in eight 
 hours. The decoction makes a useful wash for cleansing old 
 ulcers. Applied as a poultice, it draws out thorns and other 
 foreign substances from the flesh. 
 
 For Erysipelas *, Tetter, Salt Rheum, Snake Bites and other Poisonous 
 Wounds, Leucorrhea, Piles, Salt Rheum. 
 
 PLANTAIN — Plantago Majoi, called also Large Plan- 
 tain, Round-Leaved Plantain, etc. — Common in all parts of 
 the country * Needs no description. 
 
 The leaves make an excellent ointment for erysipelas, tetter 
 or salt rheum. Also remarkably effectual in poisons of all kinds. 
 For snake bites take the expressed (pressed out) juice of Plantain 
 and of Horehound, equal parts, in tablespoonful doses as often 
 as the stomach will bear. If the fresh plant is not at hand, the 
 dried leaves may be used, prepared by boiling in milk. It will be 
 found useful in the treatment of wounds, leucorrhea and piles. 
 
 For Pleurisy, Pains in the Chest, Low Stages of Feb? He and Inflam- 
 matory Diseases. 
 
 PLEURISY ROOT, or WHITE ROOT — Asclepias 
 Tuberosa, called also Butterfly Weed, Orange Swallowwort, 
 etc. — Grows in poor and gravelly soils in open situations; it is 
 rarely met in rich soils. The root is large, fleshy, of a white 
 color, and when dried is brittle and may be easily reduced to 
 powder. The stems are round, hairy, and may be either green 
 or red. The leaves are very hairy and pale beneath. The 
 flowers are of a bright orange color, giving the plant a brilliant 
 appearance. The seeds are contained in long, slender pods, to 
 which is attached a kind of silk. 
 

 POKE WEED. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is used externally on Abscesses. Cancers and Ulcers, and is 
 Sjiven internally in Chronic and Syphilitic Rheumatism. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 8 3 
 
 This plant produces perspiration, and will relieve the difficult 
 breathing of patients who are laboring under attacks of pleurisy, 
 hence one of its popular names. It relieves difficulty of breath- 
 ing in general, together with pains in the chest, and in low 
 stages of febrile and inflammatory diseases it has been known to 
 excite perspiration when other sudorifics (sweating medicines) 
 had failed. It is given to infants who are teething, also in 
 cholera infantum. It is used with advantage in affections of the 
 lungs, also in acute rheumatism, in dysentery, colic and similar 
 affections. It may be given in infusion or powder, a dose of the 
 latter being from ^ to ^ teaspoonful three times a day. A 
 strong infusion of this plant may be given in chronic dysentery 
 with great success. 
 
 For Cancerous Tumors, Epilepsy, Convulsions, Lockjaw, Hydro- 
 phobia. 
 
 POISON HEMLOCK— Conium Macula turn.— The stalks 
 of this plant grow from six to seven feet in height, are branched 
 near the top and furrowed near the bottom, and covered with a 
 bluish exudation appearing like a fine powder. The roots grow 
 about eight inches long and are of the size of the finger. It 
 grows in New England and the North Central States, and is 
 found in waste places and along streams. The lower leaves are 
 about a foot long; the upper leaves are smaller. They are the 
 part used in medicine, and should be gathered when the plant is 
 in full bloom or when the fruit begins to form. In a fresh state 
 they are of a dull dark green color, but on drying they become a 
 grayish green and have a characteristic odor which has been 
 compared to the urine of mice. It is a very poisonous plant, but 
 is not dangerous in small doses often repeated and gradually 
 increased. 
 
 The leaves are much applied externally to cancerous tumors. 
 They are also given internally in affections such as epilepsy, 
 neuralgia, convulsions, lockjaw and hydrophobia, and are said to 
 relieve whooping cough, asthma and spasmodic laryngitis. Dose 
 of the extract, from 3 to 5 grains twice a day; of the powdered 
 leaves, from 2 to 3 grains. A fomentation may be made by 
 adding an ounce of the leaves to a pint of boiling water. A 
 plaster for application to tumors is made by taking 2 ounces 
 each of Hemlock, Wax and Resin and 1 ounce of Olive Oil, melt- 
 ing and spreading on leather. 
 
 For External Application to Abscesses, Cancers and Ulcers, and 
 Internal Use in Syphilitic Rheumatism. 
 
 POKE WEED — Phytolacca Decandria, called also Garget, 
 Coakum, Pigeon Berry, etc. — This plant has a very large root, 
 
584 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 often five or six inches in diameter, and is usually divided into 
 three or four branches, which are whitish within and brownish 
 outside. The stems of the plant grow to a height of six or 
 eight feet. They are of a green color when young, but turn pur- 
 ple after the berries have ripened. The leaves are large. The 
 flowers, which grow along the stem, something after the manner 
 of grapes, are succeeded by dark purple berries. Bach berry is 
 divided into ten cells, and each cell contains one seed. It grows 
 abundantly in all parts of the United States, flourishing along 
 fences and by the borders of woods, and in appearance is a very 
 Striking plant. See illustration. 
 
 The root of this plant is covered with tow, roasted, and 
 applied to scrofulous and hard abscesses to disperse them, and is 
 very valuable for this purpose; or a poultice for the same purpose 
 is made of the powdered and dried root mixed with Slippery 
 Elm. The pulverized root is also combined with Blood Root as a 
 snuff and used for polypus of the nose. The young shoots and 
 leaves of the plant are eaten like asparagus and spinach, but the 
 old leaves are not good to eat in this way. The juice of the plant 
 is alterative, and beneficial in chronic and syphilitic rheumatism, 
 1 tablespoonful to be taken every four hours. A strong decoction 
 of equal parts of this root, Blood Root and Sumach bark or 
 berries makes a good injection for cancers and ulcers of the 
 womb. 
 
 For Diseases of the Liver, Lungs and Skin. 
 
 POLYPODY — Polypodium Vulgare. — This is a well known 
 fern, growing in large beds on the sides of rocks and shady hills. 
 The root is about the size of a goose quill, is creeping, rough and 
 irregular. The fronds or leaves are six or eight inches in length. 
 
 It is a valuable medicine. It appears to exercise a curative 
 influence in diseases of the liver, both acute and chronic; also to 
 relieve difficulty of breathing, tightness of the chest, and coughs 
 either dry or loose, also dyspeptic symptoms; and is beneficial in 
 diseases of the skin, such as salt rheum, erysipelas, and erup- 
 tions of a red color. 
 
 An infusion may be prepared by adding a teaspoon ful of the 
 powdered root or leaves to a pint of boiling water, sweetening 
 with loaf sugar and taking in the course of twenty-four hours. 
 
 For Expulsion of Tapeworm. 
 
 POMEGRANATE— Pumica Granatum. 
 Native of Southwestern Asia. 
 
 Properties. — The principal use to which this remedy is put 
 is the expulsion of tapeworm. For this purpose it may be taken 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 585 
 
 in decoction made as follows : Take 2 ounces of the bark (the 
 fresh is better than the dried), cut into small pieces, add 1% 
 pints of water and let stand over night, then boil gently down to 
 1 pint. Turn off the liquor, pressing out the grounds, and give 
 it lukewarm in three doses at intervals of an hour, the patient 
 not to take food. If the first dose is vomited, the other two may 
 be given just the same and will usually be retained by the stom- 
 ach. Two tablespoonfuls of Castor Oil may be given as soon as 
 colic pains begin to take place. 
 
 Pelletierine, the active principle of Pomegranate, may be 
 given for the same purpose, as directed under Tapeworm. 
 
 For Chronic Rheumatism , Malignant Ulcers. 
 
 PRICKLY ASH — Xanthoxylum Fraxineum, called also 
 Toothache Tree. — This tree is a native of the Southern States, 
 but grows plentifully in the Middle States. It is found in low, 
 moist ground. The bark, which is thin, is grayish outside and a 
 yellowish white inside. Held in the mouth, it excites a flow of 
 saliva. 
 
 The bark and berries are chiefly used in medicine, ^but the 
 fresh leaves are also valuable. It is a remedy for chronic rheum- 
 atism, and is used both internally and externally. In cases of 
 malignant ulcers it is a powerful blood purifier. The powder 
 may be given in doses of from 10 to 20, or even 30, grains. Of 
 the decoction, which is prepared by boiling an ounce of the bark 
 in a quart of water until it is reduced one- third, the dose is from 
 4 to 6 tablespoonfuls in as many hours. A tincture made of the 
 bark and capsules is a popular remedy in chronic rheumatism. 
 
 For Chronic Rhetimatism, Gout, Sciatica and Gravel. 
 
 PRINCE'S PINE — Chimaphila Umbellata, called also Pip- 
 sisseway, Ground Hou<y, Rheumatism Weed, etc. — This is 
 an evergreen plant that grows on land thinly timbered with 
 Chestnut, Oak and Pine. It rises from six to eight inches from 
 the ground, where a number of thick, deep green leaves, notched 
 about the edges, surround the stalk. On some of the plants the 
 stem rises for five inches above the leaves, bearing on its top a 
 loose cluster of blossoms which are succeeded by seed vessels like 
 flaxbowls. The root is long, slender, white, and frequently sup- 
 ports a number of plants. 
 
 It is highly recommended for curing chronic rheumatism, 
 
 gout, sciatica and similar affections. For this purpose a tincture 
 
 should be made as follows: Put 1 pound of the dried herbs into a 
 
 gallon of spirits, cover tightly, let stand in a dark place from 
 
 . eight to fourteen days and then turn off the top. Taken in 
 
586 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 decoction, it is very useful in curing gravel and gravelly obstruc- 
 tions of the urine, and for purifying the blood. Its use should 
 be long continued. 
 
 For Uterine Tonic. 
 
 PULSATILLA— Anemone Pulsatilla. 
 
 Native of Europe and Siberia. 
 
 Properties.— The principal use of Pulsatilla is to relieve 
 uterine pains and increase the flow at the menstrual period. For 
 this purpose it should be taken a few days before the time. 
 
 Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 drops; of Anemonin, its active prin- 
 ciple, T fo of a grain every three hours. 
 
 For Urinary Difficulties. 
 
 PUMPKIN — Curcubila Pepo. — Pumpkin seed tea is aremedy 
 for tapeworm. (See Tapeworm). Also a valuable diuretic, 
 relieving spasm of the urinary passages and scalding of urine! 
 Pumpkin seed tea is one of the very best remedies for suppressing 
 urine in infants. 
 
 For Diarrhea and Chronic Dysentery. 
 
 PURPLE WILLOW HERB— Lythrum Salicana, called 
 also Loose Stripe, Mii,k Wiixow Herb, etc. — Found in 
 meadows, swamps and along the banks of streams, growing from 
 two to three feet high. The stem is soft and downy, and the 
 leaves are downy on the under surface. It has showy purple 
 flowers, and the fruit is a small capsule. 
 
 It is a popular remedy for diarrhea and chronic dysentery, 
 but is to be administered after the proper cathartics have 
 operated. The dose of the powdered herb is from j4 to 1 tea- 
 spoonful two or three times a day. The root may be taken in 
 decoction in doses of from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 For Affections of the Urinary Organs, Scrofula , Gonorrhea. 
 
 PURSLANE — Portulacea Oleracea, called also Garden 
 Purslane, etc. — This plant grows spontaneously in gardens and 
 is often used as greens, boiling it with other vegetables and 
 meat. The leaves are thick and fleshy. The stalk is long and 
 fine, is a foot or more in length, and has a smooth, reddish, 
 brittle stem. 
 
 The plant may be taken freely in decoction, and is recom- 
 mended for all affections of the urinary organs, scrofula and 
 gonorrhea. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 5 87 
 
 For Tonic Purposes. 
 
 QUASSIA — Picrcena Excelsa. 
 
 Native of West Indies. 
 
 Properties. — Ouassia is one of the most valuable of bitter 
 tonics. It owes its effects to Quassin, its active principle. It 
 increases the activity of the glands of the stomach and thus 
 increases the amount of digestive fluid, aids in digestion, stimu- 
 lates the appetite and makes a valuable remedy. It may be 
 given in all forms of dyspepsia, and is especially valuable when 
 there is loss of appetite, nausea, eructations and pain. It is a 
 valuable remedy after protracted fevers or low physical condi- 
 tions from any cause. Its use often relieves headache when due to 
 digestive disturbances. During some forms of chronic dyspepsia, 
 whether resulting from the prolonged use of alcohol or from 
 other causes where the stomach contains a large amount of 
 mucus, quassia, or its active principle, quassin, by its power to 
 stimulate the normal secretions is a valuable aid in clearing up 
 the mucous membrane, relieving the feeling of nausea and 
 depression, improving digestion and giving tone to the stomach; 
 in a word, restoring normal conditions. Quassia is usually 
 obtained in the form of small chips. A few small pieces placed 
 in a glass of water and allowed to stand several hours will 
 yield the bitter principle, and the remedy may be taken in 
 this way. The active principle, quassin, comes in small pills 
 and may be taken without taste. 
 
 Dose. — Of the tincture, from J^ to % teaspoonful; of 
 quassin, the active principle, ^ of a grain. This may be 
 increased or diminished as needed. The infusion may be made 
 as described above, is a convenient method, and costs compara- 
 tively nothing. Taken in this way, }£ tumblerful, more or less, 
 may be drank before meals. 
 
 For Obstructions of the Kidneys and Urinary Passages. 
 
 QUEEN OF THE MEADOW — Eupatorium Purpureum, 
 called also Purpi/e Boneset, Graved Root, etc. — This plant 
 grows in swamps and other low ground, flowering in August and 
 September. It is five or six feet high, has a hollow stem of a 
 purple color and purple flowers. 
 
 An infusion of the plant may be drank freely in gravel, 
 stone in the bladder, and all obstructions of the kidneys and 
 urinary passages. 
 
 For Rheumatism, Gravel, Diseases of the Kidneys, Gonorrhea, etc. 
 
 RED CEDAR — -Juniperus Virginiana. — The wood of this 
 tree is of a reddish color, and is highly valued on account 
 
588 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 of its great durabilty. It is a species of Juniper and seldom 
 attains to a very large size. The leaves and tops are the parts 
 used in medicine. 
 
 Given in infusion in wineglassful doses, they are useful in 
 rheumatism, gravel, diseases of the kidneys, scalding of urine in 
 gonorrhea, etc. The oil is used externally and also given inter- 
 nally in doses of 3 to 5 or 10 drops twice a day. The pulverized 
 leaves may be given in doses of from 10 to 12 grains. 
 
 For Purifying the Blood, Correcting Acidity of the Stomach. 
 
 RED CLOVER — Trifolium Pratense. — This is the common 
 variety growing in meadows. The roots in infusion, drank freely, 
 will correct acidity of the stomach, and are valuable for purifying 
 the blood. This infusion also makes a good wash for foul sores 
 and ulcers. The blossoms boiled in water, which is then strained 
 and simmered down to a thick syrup, makes a useful plaster for 
 old sores, scrofulous tumors, sore lips, etc. 
 
 For Sore Mouths, Ulcers, Sores, Scalds, Burns, etc. 
 
 RED RASPBERRY — Rubus Strigosus.— The leaves of 
 this shrub dried and made into a tea are good to remove canker 
 from the mouth, throat, stomach, bowels, etc. The tea, thick- 
 ened with Kim bark, pounded crackers or white bread, is often 
 used as a poultice to remove canker and proud flesh. It makes 
 an excellent gargle for children with sore mouths, and a good 
 wash for ulcers, sores, scalds, burns, etc. In giving it to 
 children it may be sweetened and milk added to make it pleasant 
 to the taste. 
 
 RHUBARB.— (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Leucorrhea, Menses, Vomiting in Pregnancy , Gleet. 
 
 ROSE WILLOW — Cornus Sericea, called also Red rose 
 Willow, Red Osier, Red Rod, Swamp Dogwood, etc. — About 
 the size of a small apple tree, covered with a greenish bark and 
 very red within. Flowers resemble a bunch of roses. 
 
 A powerful astringent that is very beneficial in leucorrhea, 
 immoderate flow of the menses, etc., at the same time having a 
 tonic and strengthening effect upon the system. It is also an 
 excellent remedy for vomiting, particularly where it arises from 
 pregnancy or diseased uterus. Mostly administered in the form 
 of infusion. Or, a strong decoction may be made of 1 pound of the 
 bark boiled to 3 quarts, to which is added 3 pints of Port Wine and 
 4 ounces of loaf sugar, the dose being a teacupful three times a 
 day. Also useful in gleet, using the pure decoction (that is, 
 without the wine and sugar) as an enema. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 589 
 
 For Tonic Purposes, Hysterical Affections, Wind Colic. 
 
 RUE — Ruta Graveolens. — This plant is cultivated in gar- 
 dens. The leaves, which are used for medicinal purposes, have a 
 strong, disagreeable odor, especially when rubbed, and a hot, 
 bitter taste. 
 
 Rue is a stimulant and appears to have a tendency to act 
 upon the uterus. In moderate doses it promotes the menstrual 
 discharge, and in larger doses it produces a degree of irritation 
 in that organ which sometimes causes miscarriage. Taken in 
 very large quantities it acts as an acrid, narcotic poison. It is 
 also sometimes used in hysterical affections, wind colic and 
 worms, but should be given with caution. A dose of the powder 
 is from 10 to 20 grains two or three times a day. It is also given 
 in infusion. 
 
 For B?inging out the Rash in Eruptive Diseases, Chlorosis, Hysteria, 
 Me?ises, Spasms. 
 
 SAFFRON — Crocus Sativus, called also True Saffron, 
 Spanish Saffron, etc. — The root is a small bulb standing upon 
 a larger, with a multitude of fibers growing from the base. Four 
 or five leaves rise from the root, dark green, narrow and grassy 
 and about five inches long, and from the same root rises a stalk 
 four inches high, sustaining a single flower that resembles a 
 crocus. The orange colored, fleshy capillaments of this flower 
 contain the medicinal properties of the plant. 
 
 The flowers in infusion are very valuable in bringing out the 
 rash in measles, small-pox, scarlet fever and other eruptive dis- 
 eases. It is useful to allay the lumbar pains which accompany 
 menstruation in some females. It is useful also in chlorosis, in 
 hysteria, and to promote the secretion of urine. It gives tone to 
 the stomach and is an antispasmodic, i. e. , is given to relieve 
 spasms. 
 
 Note. — There is another plant, called Fai.se Saffron, the Carthamus 
 Tinciorius, or Saffeowfr, that is used for the same purposes as the 
 so-called "True" Saffron. 
 
 For Languor, Nervous Affections, Fevers, Colds and Coughs, Thtush, 
 Quinsy. 
 
 SAGE — Salvia Officinalis. — Too well known to need descrip- 
 tion. An infusion of the leaves, or "sage tea," is good in 
 languor, in nervous affections and fevers. Also used in summer 
 complaints and worms in children. It produces perspiration, 
 and is a popular remedy for colds and coughs. It is an excellent 
 gargle in thrush or quinsy. In any disease where it is desirable 
 to produce perspiration, Sage is a valuable remedy. 
 
590 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Leucorrhea, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Dysentery, Snake Bites. 
 
 SANICLE — Sanicula Marilandica, called also Black 
 Snake Root. — Grows from two to three feet in height in forests, 
 oak- timbered land and uncultivated fields. The blossoms are 
 white, appear in June, and are succeeded by a small burr at the 
 top of the stalk. The root consists of a number of small black 
 fibers. 
 
 A decoction of the root, or whole plant, is useful in leucor- 
 rhea, gonorrhea, syphilis and dysentery. The root in poultice 
 form makes an excellent application for snake bites and other 
 poisonous wounds. 
 
 For Diseases of the Blood, Syphilitic Complaints, Chronic Rheuma- 
 tism, Scrofula, Skin Affections, etc. 
 
 SARSAPARILLA (wild)-Aralia Nudicaulis.—Vox 
 description of this plant, see illustration. 
 
 The roots in poultice are used for all kinds of wounds and 
 ulcers, also for skin affections, erysipelas and ringworm. An 
 infusion or decoction of the plant makes a good substitute for the 
 foreign Sarsaparilla in all diseases of the blood, syphilitic com- 
 plaints, chronic rheumatism, local pains, scrofula, skin affections, 
 etc. Made into syrups and cordials it is useful in coughs, 
 catarrhs and pains in the breast. 
 
 Note. — The root of the Smilax Officinalis, from which the Sarsaparilla 
 of commerce is obtained, is a native of tropical America from the swampy 
 forests of Mexico as far south as the northern part of Brazil. It is highly 
 prized as a blood purifier. 
 
 For Rheumatic Complaints and Eruptive Diseases. 
 
 SASSAFRAS — Laurus Sassafras. — In the Northern States 
 the Sassafras is shrubby, but in the Southern States it grows 
 from 30 to 40 feet in height. The leaves, which are of various 
 shapes, are green on the upper surface and whitish on the under. 
 It has small yellow flowers. It grows in forests and along the 
 borders of swamps. The dried root, which can be purchased at 
 stores, is of a yellowish color, has a strong spicy smell and sweet- 
 ish taste at first. 
 
 An infusion of the bark of the root is good in rheumatic 
 complaints and eruptive diseases. It is made by infusing 1 or 2 
 ounces of the bark of the root in a quart of boiling water. This 
 may be drank freely, according to circumstances. In cases of 
 rheumatism, it must be continued for a long time to effect a cure. 
 The pith of Sassafras put into rain water makes a very valuable 
 eye water for inflammations of the eye. 
 
HBRB RBMBDIBS. 5 9 1 
 
 For Menstrual Irregularities, Chronic Rheumatism. 
 
 SAVINHL—funiperus Sabina. — The stem of this plant rises 
 from four to fifteen feet in height. Its branches are very large, 
 and subdivided. The bark of the young branches is a light 
 green; that of the trunk, reddish brown and rough. The fruit is 
 a blackish purple berry, containing three seeds. The ends of 
 the branches and the leaves are collected for medicinal use in the 
 spring. They fade in color when dried. 
 
 It is a powerful and active medicine and heats and stimulates 
 the whole system. It is held in high repute to produce determi- 
 nation of blood to the uterus and promote the menstrual dis- 
 charges. It is also spoken highly of in chronic rheumatism 
 where there exists a coldness of the surface, and especially of the 
 lower extremities. Given in substance, the dose is from 2 to 5 
 grains three times a day. A decoction is prepared by boiling 1 
 ounce of the leaves in a pint of water down to half a pint and 
 adding 2 ounces of syrup, of which the dose is a wineglassful 
 three times a day. 
 
 For Wash in Eruptive and Skin Affections. 
 
 SCABISH — Oenothera Biennis, called also Tree Primrose. 
 — This plant is found in fields and along fences. It rises from 
 two to five feet in height. The leaves are lance-shaped, quite 
 broad at the base, and are minutely toothed and hairy. The blos- 
 soms are yellow and appear in July and August. They unfold at 
 night and close in the daytime. 
 
 A decoction of the dried herb is used as a wash in tetter and 
 other eruptive and skin affections. 
 
 For Cathartic Purposes. 
 
 S C AMMON Y — Scammonium Convolvulacece. 
 
 Native of Syria, Asia Minor and Greece. 
 
 Properties. — The properties of Scammony are identical with 
 Jalap (see A Chapter on Medicines) with the exception that 
 it is a little more irritating in its effects. 
 
 For Dropsy. 
 
 SCOTCH BROOM— Spartium Scoparium. — This plant is 
 also cultivated in gardens. It grows from three to eight feet 
 high, has very flexible branches and small, downy leaves. The 
 flowers are of a golden yellow color, large and showy. The plant 
 has a bitter, nauseous taste and, when bruised, a strong, peculiar 
 odor. The tops of the branches and the seeds are used for medi- 
 cinal purposes. 
 
592 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The Scotch Broom is employed to the best advantage in 
 dropsical complaints. It is given in the form of decoction, made 
 by boiling y 2 ounce of the fresh tops in a pint of water down to 
 X A, pint, of which 2 tablespoonfuls may be given every hour until 
 it operates, either by stool or urine; or the seeds may be given in 
 powder in the dose of from 10 to 15 grains. 
 
 For Tumors, Ulcers, Piles, Scrofulous Eruptions. 
 
 SCROFULA PLANT— Sctophtdaria Nodosa, called also 
 Figwort. — This herb grows to a height of from three to seven 
 feet. The leaves are opposite each other, are heart-shaped and 
 notched at the edges. The flowers are small and of a dull pur- 
 plish green or brown color. It has a very rank odor and a bitter 
 taste. 
 
 The bruised leaves are highly esteemed as an application to 
 painful tumors, ulcers, piles, skin eruptions, swollen breasts, etc. 
 This plant has narcotic properties, but taken internally it pro- 
 duces nausea and vomiting before it becomes perniciously nar- 
 cotic. The green leaves should be used when they can be 
 obtained, or the leaves and roots may be dried and preserved and 
 prepared for use by moistening them with warm water and bruis- 
 ing them. An ointment for external application is made by 
 simmering the leaves in lard until they become crisp. 
 
 For Scurvy. 
 
 SCURVY GRAS S—Cochlearia Officinalis.— -This plant 
 grows on the bank of streams. It reaches a height of about a 
 foot, and has numerous tufts of flowers of a snow-white color. It 
 has a warm, biting taste, and a rather unpleasant smell when 
 bruised. 
 
 As the name indicates, it is a remedy for scurvy, for which 
 purpose the expressed juice of the plant should be taken in the 
 quantity of ^ to 1 pint a day, or the smaller leaves daily eaten as 
 a salad. 
 
 SEAWEED. — (See Iodine in A Chapter on Mkdicines). 
 
 For Adva?iced Stages of Chronic Bronchitis and Pneumonia, Later 
 Stages of Croup and Bronchitis in Children, Protracted 
 Whooping Cough. 
 
 SENECA SNAKE ROOT— Pofygla Senega, called also 
 Mountain Flax, Milkwort, etc. — This plant is found growing 
 in all the states of the Union. It rises to a height of from 
 eight to ten inches. The leaves grow directly from the main 
 Stem, are long and narrow and of a light green color. The 
 
SENECA SNAKE ROOT. 
 
 (See .Description.) 
 This herb is a valuable remedy in advanced stages of Chronic 
 Bronchitis and Pneumonia ; also in protracted Whooping Cough and 
 the latter stages of Croup and Bronchitis in infants and children 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 593 
 
 flowers are small, and grow in spikes at the top of the plant. 
 The taste is sweet at first, but afterwards bitter, and provokes 
 coughing and saliva. See illustration. 
 
 The Seneca Root is an energetic stimulant to the lungs, also 
 an expectorant, and is a very valuable remedy in the advanced 
 stages of chronic bronchitis, also in protracted whooping cough 
 and the later stages of croup and bronchitis in infants and chil- 
 dren. A dose of the pulverized root is from 5 to 10 grains. A 
 decoction is made by adding an ounce of the bruised root to a 
 pint of boiling water and simmering it in a closed vessel until 
 the liquid is reduced to x /z of its original quantity, of which the 
 dose is x /t, wineglassful. 
 
 SENNA. — (See A Chapter on Medicines). 
 
 For Scurvy, Tumors, Wens, Boils, Inflammations. 
 
 SHEEP SORREL — Rumex Acetosa. — A common, well 
 known plant, usually found in old pastures and fields. 
 
 A decoction of it, freely used, is useful in scurvy and all 
 inflammatory diseases. Poultices are also made of the leaves 
 wrapped up and roasted, and these applied to tumors, wens, boils, 
 inflammations, etc., will hasten the formation of pus. The leaves 
 of the plant are often eaten for scurvy. 
 
 For Tonic and Nervine Uses. 
 
 SIDE-SADDLE PLAN T — Sarracenia Purpurea, called 
 also Eve's Cup, Water Cup, Pitcher Plant, etc. — This plant 
 generally grows in cold swamps where the ground is very wet 
 and thickly covered with swamp moss. The leaves are oblong 
 sacks which taper down to a short foot-stalk that connects them 
 with the root. There are usually eight or ten of these leaves, and 
 from the center of them a smooth stalk runs eight or ten inches 
 in height and bears on its top a nodding purple flower. 
 
 The root, which is the part containing medicinal properties, is 
 of a light red color and not so large around as the finger. It has 
 both nervine and tonic properties. Given in infusion, the dose is 
 from 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls. It has astringent properties and 
 should not be taken in large doses. 
 
 For St. Vitus' s Dance, Convulsions, Tremors, Nervous Affections. 
 
 SKULLCA P — Scutellaria Lateriflora, called also Mad 
 Weed, Hoodwort, Blue Pimpernel, etc. — This plant is found 
 growing near water all over the United States. It has very little 
 smell and a slightly bitterish taste. The root is yellow and 
 fibrous. The stem grows from one to three feet high. The 
 flowers are of a pale blue color and grow in long spikes. 
 
 88 
 
594 FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The infusion is considered a valuable remedy in St. Vitus' s 
 dance, and is very useful in convulsions, tremors and nervous 
 affections; also in lockjaw. The infusion may be drank freely. 
 
 For Asthma, Coughs, Catarrh. 
 
 SKUNK CABBAGE— Idodes Fcetida, called also 
 Meadow Cabbage, Swamp Cabbage, Fetid Hellebore, etc. 
 — Grows in boggy woods, swamps and other moist places through- 
 out the United States. Its flowers are among the first that 
 appear in the spring. It is stemless and somewhat resembles a 
 cabbage head. See illustration. 
 
 A very useful remedy in asthma, especially in spasmodic 
 asthma, in coughs, catarrhs, consumption, etc., also in the cough 
 of old people. A dose of the powdered root is from 5 to 10 
 grains. A tincture or syrup may likewise be made from the root 
 and seeds. 
 
 For Poultices, Drinks. 
 
 SLIPPERY 'ElM.— Ulmus Fulva.—A native tree of North 
 America. 
 
 As an external application, the bark in the form of a poul- 
 tice is an excellent remedy for ulcers, tumors, gunshot wounds, 
 chilblains, burns, skin diseases, erysipelas, felons, etc., and in 
 sore mouth or thrush should be used as a wash. It makes a 
 nutritious drink for consumptive patients and those who are 
 recovering from illness. 
 
 For Suppressed Menstruation. 
 
 SMART W E E D — Polygonum Punctatum , called also 
 Biting Knot Weed, Water Pepper, etc. — This is a very com- 
 mon plant, known in every section of the country. It grows 
 from one to two feet in height, is slender, smooth, branching and 
 erect. The flowers are disposed in spikes, and are of a pale pink 
 or white color. The plant itself is of a pale green. 
 
 This plant is used particularly in case of suppressed mens- 
 truation. It is a very successful remedy for such cases, it sel- 
 dom being necessary to continue its use for more than six or seven 
 days. It may be given in cold infusion. The plant should never 
 be scalded, and long keeping also injures it. It is a perfectly 
 safe medicine and may be taken freely until the desired effect is 
 produced. Taken in the form of tincture, the dose is a teaspoon - 
 ful two or three times daily; in the form of extract, from 5 to 8 
 grains may be given at a dose. 
 
SNAKE HEAD. 
 
 (See Description.) 
 This herb is a remedy for Costiveness, Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, 
 General Languor and Disorders of the Liver. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 595 
 
 Fot Costiveness, Dyspepsia, Loss of Appetite, General Languor, 
 Disorders of the Liver. 
 
 SNAKE HEAD— Chebne Glabra, called also Bitter Herb, 
 Balmony, Fish Mouth, Turtle Bloom, etc. — This plant is 
 found near the borders of streams or where the ground is wet. 
 See illustration. 
 
 It is employed in costiveness, dyspepsia, loss of appetite, 
 general languor or debility. It is a valuable medicine in dis- 
 orders of the liver, and in jaundice it tends to remove the yellow 
 tinge from the skin and eyes. A weak infusion of the leaves 
 may be drank freely. 
 
 For Headache, Fresh Colds, etc. 
 
 SNEEZE WORT — Helenium Autumnale, called also False 
 Sunflower, Sneezeweed, etc. — This is a native plant growing 
 all over the country in moist locations. Its several stems rise 
 from three to seven feet high, and both the stems and leaves are 
 covered with short, dense growths of hair. The leaves are very 
 much like cabbage leaves and are dotted by small pits. The 
 flowers are of a golden yellow and are one or two inches in 
 diameter. The disk or center is a greenish yellow, and the ray 
 surrounding it bears from five to twenty leaves. 
 
 The whole plant may be reduced to a powder. The central 
 parts of the flowers particularly are used as an errhine (snuff), a 
 very small pinch of the powder causing prolonged sneezing. 
 
 It is used to relieve headache, the catarrhal condition of 
 fresh colds, etc. 
 
 For Venereal and Scrofulous Affections and Skin Eruptions. 
 
 SOAPWORT — Saponatia Officinalis, called also Bouncing 
 Bet. — This plant grows to a height of one or two feet, has smooth, 
 lance-shaped leaves, and clusters of whitish or slightly purplish 
 flowers which appear in July and August. The roots and leaves, 
 which are the part employed as medicine, impart to water the 
 property of forming a lather, the same as soap, which has given 
 the plant its name. 
 
 It acts as an alterative, and is considered a valuable remedy 
 in venereal and scrofulous affections and skin eruptions. The 
 juice of the plant given in the quantity of Y 2 ounce in the course 
 of a day is said to cure gonorrhea in about two weeks without 
 any other remedy. It is also given in the form of decoction, 
 made in the proportion of an ounce of the root to a pint of 
 water, which may be taken freely. 
 
596 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Female Weakness, Consumption , General Debility, Piles, 
 Inflammations . 
 
 SOLOMON'S SEAL— Convollaria Multiflora.— Rises six or 
 seven inches in height, has lance-shaped leaves of a dark green 
 color, and flowers in clusters hanging to the sides of the stalks 
 and producing red berries. Grows on the side of mountains and 
 high banks. 
 
 The roots have an astringent property and are very useful 
 in all cases of female weakness resulting in leucorrhea or immod- 
 erate flow of the menses. A syrup or cordial may be made of 
 the roots of the Solomon's Seal and Comfrey combined which is 
 very valuable in consumption and general debility. A poultice 
 of the bruised roots is used for inflammations and piles. 
 
 For Worms, Skin Eruptions, Old Tumors, To promote Growth of 
 Hair. 
 
 SOUTHERN WOOD — Artemisia Abrotanum, called also 
 Old Man. — This plant is cultivated in gardens. It grows about 
 three feet high and has small flowers of a grayish color which 
 grow in close spikes, mixed with leaves, at the ends of the stems. 
 
 It is a species of wormwood, and is given to destroy worms, 
 the dose being from i to 2 teaspoonfuls of the powder, given in 
 molasses, morning and evening. It is also applied externally in 
 ointment and fomentations for eruptions of the skin and hard 
 tumors. Also to prevent hair from falling out and to cause it to 
 grow. It may also be given in decoction and infusion. 
 
 For Dropsy. 
 
 SPANISH BROOM — Spartium Junceum. — Cultivated 
 in gardens as an ornamental plant. The flowers are large, 
 yellow, and have an agreeable odor. 
 
 The seeds of this plant may be used advantageously in 
 dropsy. The dose for this purpose is from 10 to 15 grains, taken 
 three times a day. They may also be given in tincture. 
 
 For Nausea, Vomiting, Gravel, Suppression of Urine. 
 
 SPEARMINT— Mentha Viridis.—The Spearmint is very 
 similar to Peppermint in appearance and resembles it in its action. 
 It is excellent to allay nausea and vomiting, and is also a valu- 
 able remedy in gravel and suppression of urine. 
 
 An infusion of this plant is made by bruising a handful of 
 the herb in a quart of boiling water, and is useful to allay nausea 
 and vomiting. A tincture may be made by bruising the green 
 plant and adding Holland Gin. The dose of this preparation is 
 a wineglassful, drank as often as the stomach will bear, and is a 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 597 
 
 valuable remedy for gravelly affections, suppression of urine, 
 etc. Cotton, saturated with this tincture and applied to piles, 
 affords immediate relief. 
 
 For Tonic Purposes. 
 
 SPICE BUSH — Lautus Benzoin. — Grows from four to ten 
 feet in height and is usually found in river bottoms and rich soils. 
 The flowers, which are in clusters, appear before the leaves. Its 
 berries are of an oval shape and are a shiny crimson color when 
 ripe. All parts of the shrub have a spicy, agreeable flavor, 
 particularly the bark and berries. 
 
 This plant makes a very pleasant tonic. It is given in 
 fevers in the form of decoction, and is especially useful in inter- 
 mittent fevers. The berries have been highly recommended as a 
 stimulant in rheumatism. The dose as a tonic is from y 2 to 1 
 teacupful of the infusion. 
 
 For Colds, Coughs, Asthma, Diseases of the Blood, Syphilis, Rheum- 
 atism, Dropsy. 
 
 SPIKENARD — Aralia Racemosa, called also Spignet, 
 Pettymorrel, Pigeon- Weed, etc. — Grows from two to five 
 feet in height. Has a large root and a thick bark that is whitish 
 on the inside. The main stalk is about the size of the thumb, is 
 jointed and purplish. It has small, bluish flowers, and produces 
 berries resembling elder berries. 
 
 An infusion or decoction of the roots and berries may be 
 used in diseases of the blood, in syphilis, chronic rheumatism, 
 etc. Made into a syrup by adding sugar, it is good in coughs, 
 catarrh, pains in the chest and kindred complaints. Another 
 manner of preparing it is to pour a pint of Brandy on the fresh 
 berries, let them stand in a heated place for a week, and then 
 add a pint of water and strain, of which the dose is a wineglass- 
 ful three times a day. This makes an excellent remedy for 
 languor, female debility and all pains in the stomach. A valu- 
 able poultice for the feet in general dropsy is made from the 
 root combined with horseradish. 
 
 For Asthma, Incipient Consumption, Bronchitis. 
 
 SPINDLE BUSH — Euonymus Atropurpureus, called also 
 Indian Arrow- Wood. — A shrub growing from four to seven 
 feet in height, having clusters of deep purple flowers, also bearing 
 fruit in clusters of a bright red color about the size of a cherry 
 which remains on the shrub nearly all winter. 
 
 It is beneficially used in diseases of the chest and lungs, in 
 asthma, chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes and incipient 
 
598 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 consumption. A strong decoction may be used, taken freely as 
 the stomach will bear, or just sufficient to maintain moderate 
 perspiration. Or a syrup may be made by boiling }4 pound of 
 the bark of the root in a gallon of water down to a quart, 
 straining and adding 2 pounds of sugar. Of the syrup the dose 
 for an adult is from j4 to a wineglassf ul three or four times a 
 day; and for children in proportion to their age. 
 
 SQUILLS. — (See A Chapter on Medicines) . 
 
 For Stomach Tonic, Female Complaints. 
 
 STARWORT — Aletris Fa?inosa, called also Blazing 
 Star, False Aloe, Unicorn Root, etc. — Grows in open fields 
 and poor soils all over the United States. The root is a tuber 
 lying nearly horizontal in the ground, with numerous fibers 
 springing from its lower surface, and is of a very bitter taste. 
 From six to twelve leaves of unequal lengths spring directly from 
 the root and spread over the ground in the form of a star. The 
 stem rises from one to two feet high and ends in a spike of small 
 white flowers which blossom in June or July. 
 
 The root of this plant acts particularly as a tonic to the 
 stomach, relieves colic, and is also very valuable in female com- 
 plaints when attended with general debility — chlorosis, painful or 
 suppressed menstruation, falling of the womb, etc. It is taken 
 in small doses only, a tonic dose being from 4 to 15 grains. The 
 root may be combined with Capsicum and orange peel in a Wine 
 tincture; or another and perhaps better tincture is made by com- 
 pounding it with Golden Seal, Prickly Ash and Seneca Snake 
 Root. These tinctures should be given in small doses, about 
 what the stomach will bear without producing nausea, dizziness 
 or other unpleasant effects. An infusion of the root alone may 
 be taken in the same way. (See Devil's Bit). 
 
 For Syphilis, Gonorrhea, Gleet, Scrofula, Chronic Diseases oj the 
 Liver, Kidneys and Skin. 
 
 STILLINGIA — Stillingia Sylvatica, called also Cock-up- 
 Hat, Queen's Delight, Yaw Root, etc. — This plant is usually 
 found growing in dry, open woods. It has a large, thick, woody 
 root and a light colored stem, which rises from two to three feet 
 high. The leaves are oblong, taper somewhat at both ends, and 
 are bordered with minute teeth. It bears a spike of yellow 
 flowers. The plant when broken discharges a milky juice. 
 
 The bark of the fresh root is a valuable tonic, alterative and 
 diuretic. Given in large doses it acts as a cathartic. It is much 
 used in syphilis, gonorrhea, gleet, affections of the kidreys, 
 scrofula, and chronic diseases of the liver and skin. Given in 
 

 
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 599 
 
 infusion or decoction, it should be combined with mucilaginous 
 substances, as, for instance, Slippery Elm bark. A tincture may 
 be prepared by macerating two ounces of the bark of the bruised 
 root in a pint of Alcohol, the dose of which is a teaspoonful or 
 more two or three times a day. 
 
 For Wounds, Sores, Cramps, Colic, Headache, Indigestion. 
 
 STONE ROOT — Collinsonia Canadensis, called also Horse 
 Balm, Rich Weed, Knob Root, etc. — Found from Canada to 
 Virginia. Grows from one to three feet in height. The root is 
 hard and stonelike. Has numerous pale yellow flowers of a 
 lemon scent. It habits rich woods. 
 
 It is used as a poultice and wash for wounds, sores, etc., and 
 an infusion of the root is used in headaches, indigestion, cramps 
 and colic, particularly in the colic that occurs after childbirth. 
 Also highly spoken of in dropsy. In making the infusion, the 
 root should be steeped in a covered dish. 
 
 For Diseases of the Bladder and Kidneys. 
 
 STRAWBERRY-ir^m Vesca.— The Strawberry has 
 many valuable medicinal properties. It is useful in diseases of 
 the bladder and kidneys. Persons who suffer from any of these 
 complaints should eat the fruit frequently when in season, and 
 at other times use a syrup made from the berries. 
 
 For Wash for biflamed and El- Conditioned Sores and Ulcers. 
 
 STRIPED MAPLE— Acer Striatum, called also Whistle 
 Wood, Moose Wood, False Dogwood, etc. — This is a small 
 tree, attaining to the height of about fifteen feet and growing on 
 cold timber lands. The bark is of a greenish stripe, and the 
 leaves are large and of the form of those of the sugar maple. 
 
 A decoction of the bark of this tree is used as a wash for 
 inflamed and ill-conditioned sores and ulcers. The fresh leaves 
 are also applied in the form of draughts to reduce inflammations. 
 
 For Scrofulous and Venereal Diseases, Skin Eruptions, Gleet, Fall- 
 ing of Bowels and Womb, Kidney Derangements, Sore 
 Throat. 
 
 SUMACH — Rhus Glabra. — A shrub growing from six to 
 fourteen feet high, with a knotty stem usually much bent and 
 divided into numerous branches; smooth, light-gray bark; red- 
 dish blossoms growing in spikes; leaves changing color to red in 
 autumn; crimson berries growing in dense clusters. See illustra- 
 tion, 
 
6oo FAVORITE MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 A decoction of the bark of the root makes an excellent injec- 
 tion or wash in venereal and scrofulous diseases and for falling 
 of the bowels and womb. At the same time a decoction of the 
 bark of the root together with Slippery Elm, White Pine and 
 Blood Root may be taken freely; also valuable in gleet, eruptions 
 of the skin, etc. An infusion of the berries sweetened with 
 honey is used as a gargle in sore throat, or the infusion sweetened 
 with loaf sugar may be given with advantage in diarrhea, dysen- 
 tery and bowel complaints. Either the bark or the berries make 
 an excellent poultice for ulcers and old sores. The decoction or 
 fluid extract is also valuable in kidney derangements where there 
 is suppression or incontinence of urine. From 10 to 30 drops of 
 the fluid extract may be taken in a day. 
 
 For Diarrhea , Dyspepsia, Blood Purifier. 
 
 SWAMP SASSAFRAS— Cotnus Circinata, called also 
 Round- leaved Dogwood, Green Osier, etc. — A shrub with 
 warty twigs and large, rounded leaves, woolly beneath. Grows 
 in rich soil from Canada to the Carolinas and west to the Missis- 
 sippi. It has white flowers growing in a thick cluster. 
 
 Much employed in the Northern States for diarrhea, dyspep- 
 sia, etc. , but is too heating in fevers. Combined with Sarsaparilla, 
 Burdock and Prince's Pine it forms an excellent blood purifier 
 which is valuable in salt rheum, scrofula, cancerous humors 
 and all skin diseases. Of the infusion of the bark, a wineglassful 
 may be taken two or three times a day. The fresh leaves slightly 
 bruised and wet with vinegar are an excellent application to a 
 bruise or any inflamed part. 
 
 F01 Leucorrhea, Inflammations, Swellings. 
 
 SWEET CLOVER — Melilotus Alba, called also Meui^ot, 
 King's Clover, etc. — There are two varieties of Sweet Clover, 
 one bearing white and the other yellow blossoms. The odor 
 resembles that of the Tonqua Bean. It frequently attains to a 
 height of from four to six feet. 
 
 The leaves and flowers in decoction are useful in leucorrhea 
 and coughs, but are more frequently applied as poultices, or 
 made into ointments to allay inflammations and swellings. 
 
 For Colic, Diarrhea, Rheumatism. 
 
 SWEET FERN — Comptonia Asplenifolia, called also 
 SWEET Bush. — This shrub grows on sterile and sandy soils from 
 Canada as far south as Virginia. It has green flowers, which 
 appear early in the spring before the leaves, The leaves, which 
 
HBRB RH MUD IBS. 60 1 
 
 are ten or twelve times as long as broad, are unequally notched on 
 both edges. They have a strong, balsamic odor, which is 
 increased by bruising, and a pungent taste. 
 
 The herb is a stimulant and astringent, and a decoction of the 
 leaves is used to relieve colic and check diarrhea, and as a fomen- 
 tation in rheumatism. 
 
 For Stomach Troubles, Wind Colic, Ague. 
 
 SWEET FLAG — Acorus Calamus, called also Calamus, 
 Flag Root, Sweet Rush, etc. — Sweet flag is sometimes con- 
 founded with blue flag. The root of both is large, fleshy and 
 horizontal, but while that of sweet flag is nearly round, that of 
 blue flag is flattened at the top. The sweet flag root is also 
 pinkish on the inside, has an agreeable odor and a pleasant taste; 
 while blue flag root is grayish or brownish internally, has no 
 particular odor, and is acrid and unpleasant to the taste. The 
 sweet flag root is composed of a soft resin. 
 
 An infusion of the root is useful in disorders of the stomach, 
 in flatulency, vertigo, dyspepsia, colic, etc., and a hot decoction 
 is particularly good in wind colic. The tincture is beneficial in 
 ague. An infusion for stomach troubles is made of 6 drachms of 
 the bruised root to 12 ounces of boiling water, and in this form 
 quickly relieves the distressing swelling of the abdomen in colic. 
 The root is chewed by dyspeptics, and the juice swallowed when 
 tonics are required. 
 
 For Strangury, Wasting Diseases of the Kidneys. 
 
 THIMBLE WEED — Rudbeckia Lacinata, called also Conk 
 Flower, Conk Disk Sunflower, etc. — This small plant is a 
 native of this country and is very valuable in wasting diseases of 
 the kidneys, being both diuretic and balsamic. Its properties 
 were first learned by noticing its effect on a sheep that had lost the 
 use of its hind legs. The animal daily dragged itself to this plant 
 and ate of it, when, to the astonishment of all who noticed its 
 situation, it recovered. By shepherds and herdsmen it has since 
 been used with happy effects in strangury and similar diseases, 
 taken freely in decoction. 
 
 For Asthma, Burns, Piles. 
 
 THORN APPLE, or STRAMONIUM— Datura Stramo- 
 nium, called also StinkWeed, Jamestown Weed, Jimson Weed, 
 etc. — Most commonly met with in old fields, along roads and old 
 houses — never in woods and mountains. Bears a large white or 
 bluish flower, and a thorny apple containing four cells, each of 
 which is filled with black seeds. It is a strong poison, its action 
 somewhat resembling that of Belladonna. 
 
602 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Smoking of the leaves mixed with tobacco is a popular 
 remedy for asthma, but should be used with caution and the 
 effects carefully noticed. An ointment of it is excellent for burns 
 and piles, the claim being made that piles have been cured by 
 rubbing the parts with the green leaves after each evacuation. 
 
 For Headache. 
 
 THYME — Thymus Vulgaris , called also MoTher-of- 
 Thyme, Garden Thyme, etc. — Thyme is cultivated in gardens. 
 The herb is cut while in bloom and dried for use as a domestic 
 remedy. 
 
 It is used in the form of a warm infusion to promote per- 
 spiration, relieve headache, etc. Its principal use, however, is in 
 liniments. By adding i pint of Oil of Thyme to 7 of Turpentine, 
 or other means of adulteration, it forms the great bulk of the 
 "Oil of Origanum" of commerce. 
 
 For Dropsy, Jaundice, Skin Eruptions. 
 
 TOAD FLA X — Antirrhinum Linaria, called also Snap 
 Dragon, etc. — This herb grows from one to two feet high. Its 
 leaves are very narrow, and the flowers are yellow and showy 
 and grow in crowded spikes. 
 
 The herb should be collected when in flower, dried quickly 
 and kept from the air. When fresh it has a heavy, disagreeable 
 odor, but it loses this in a great measure by drying. It is used 
 in dropsy, jaundice, and various eruptions of the skin. Given in 
 infusion, it is especially valuable in skin diseases. An ointment 
 made from it is much used in hemorrhoids. 
 
 For Spasmodic Cough, Asthma, Earache, External Application. 
 
 TOBACCO — Nicotiana Tabacum. — Tobacco has a powerful 
 relaxing influence, but its active principle, Nicotine, is very 
 poisonous, and makes it an unsafe remedy. Nicotine is the 
 second strongest t>oison known. 
 
 The smoke of tobacco inhaled is a palliative of asthma, of the 
 nervous cough provoked by tickling of the larynx, and is used in 
 earache, etc. Tobacco was formerly much used for external 
 applications, but if applied to broken surfaces symptoms of 
 poisoning result, and it is now not much used as a remedy either 
 externally or internally. It is the principal ingredient of 
 Trask' $ Ointment. (See Index). 
 
HBRB RBMHDIES. 603 
 
 For Dysentery, Diarrhea, Amenorrhea, Leucorrhea, Pal-bitation of 
 the Heart, Asthma, Apoplexy. 
 
 TREE OF HEAVEN— Ailanthus. 
 
 This tree, which grows to a height of from thirty to sixty 
 feet, resembles an overgrown Staghorn Sumach. The wood is 
 hard, heavy, and glossy like satin. The leaves are long and 
 pointed. The flowers are small and of a greenish color, and are 
 scattered along the stems. It is a native of China, but is now 
 naturalized in this country. 
 
 The bark has been employed both dry and fresh as a remedy 
 for dysentery, diarrhea, and as an injection in amenorrhea and 
 leucorrhea. The tincture is used in doses of from 5 to 30 drops 
 in palpitation of the heart, asthma and apoplexy. 
 
 For Tonic Purposes, Syphilitic Affections. 
 
 TURKEY CORN — Corydalis Formosa. — This is an early 
 spring plant, sometimes making its appearance in March. The 
 root is tuberous, the stem is from eight to ten inches high, and 
 the flower stem bears a nodding, many-flowered cluster. 
 
 It promotes digestion and acts as a tonic, and is also used as 
 an alterative in syphilitic affections. For this purpose a thorough 
 purgative should first be given, and then followed with an infu- 
 sion of this plant, which is made by adding from 2 to 4 teaspoon- 
 fuls of the plant to a pint of boiling water and taking the quan- 
 tity in twenty-four hours, dividing the doses as the stomach will 
 retain it. The ulcers should be washed several times daily with 
 a decoction of the same, and the body bathed every night with 
 an alkaline bath (water to which soda has been added). 
 
 For Chronic Rheumatism and Secondary Forms of Syphilis. 
 
 TWIN URAF—fefersonia Diphylla, called also YKUX>w 
 Root, Ground Squirrel Pea, etc. — Grows chiefly near streams 
 and rivers, and is abundant in many parts of the Western 
 States. It has a large, yellowish, fibrous root. Its leaves 
 rise on long foot-stalks directly from the root. They are 
 smooth, oval, and grow in twos, hence the name. The flower 
 stem bears a single white flower, resembling that of the Blood 
 Root. It blossoms in April. The root, which is the part used, 
 has a biting, disagreeable taste. 
 
 It is usually given in the form of decoction, which is 
 prepared by adding a pint of water to *4 ounce of the bruised 
 root, boiling for fifteen or twenty minutes and straining. The 
 dose is from }4 to a wineglassful three times a day. It is given 
 in chronic rheumatism and the secondary forms of syphilis. 
 
604 PA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Stone in the Bladder or Kidneys, Incontinence of Urine, Painful 
 Urination, Strangury, etc. 
 
 UVA URSI — Arbutus Uva Ursi, called also Bearberry, 
 Mountain Box, Red Berry, etc. — The roots are creeping and 
 slender. The stems spread over the ground, the young shoots 
 tending upward. The leaves are variable in shape, some narrow 
 and some broad. The flowers are of a flesh color and grow in 
 small clusters, from six to twelve together. It has berries of a 
 scarlet color, mealy and insipid to the taste and containing five 
 seeds. 
 
 A powder or decoction of this plant may be used, the 
 dose being from 5 to 25 grains of the powder or a wineglassful 
 of the decoction three or four times a day. It is a tonic and 
 astringent. It is valuable in all chronic disorders of the urinary 
 passages — stone in the bladder or kidneys, incontinence of urine, 
 painful urination, strangury, etc. It has also been used with 
 advantage in chronic bronchitis and diarrhea, in leucorrhea and 
 hemorrhage from the uterus. Inasmuch as these affections are 
 all of a chronic nature, its use should be long continued. When 
 used to increase the action of the kidneys in acute attacks, too 
 frequent doses may prove unsatisfactory by reason of its irritating 
 properties. 
 
 For Nervous and Hysterical Conditions. 
 
 VALERIAN — Valeriana Offici?iale. 
 
 Native of Europe from the Mediterranean northward. 
 
 Properties. — Valerian is not a cure, but is a palliative for 
 nervous or hysterical conditions. It has been much used in the 
 treatment of epilepsy. It will lessen the paroxysms of whooping 
 cough, and has been successfully used for the relief of dysmenor- 
 rhea and diabetes insipidus. Its odor makes it unpleasant to 
 use, and other remedies have largely taken its place on that 
 account. The most pleasant preparation, and the one with the 
 least odor, is the Elixir of Valerianate of Ammonia. 
 
 Dose. — Of the Elixir, 1 teaspoonful every three or four 
 hours, or according to conditions. 
 
 Fo? Colds, Early Stages of Fever, Fever and Ague, etc. 
 
 VERVAIN — Verbena Hastata, called also Buje Vervain 
 and Simpler' s Joy. — The blue Vervain grows commonly along 
 roadsides. The root is woody and fibrous, and the stem, which 
 is somewhat hairy, rises to a height of three or four feet. The 
 leaves are narrow, rough, sharp at the point, and edged with 
 
 
HBRB RBMBDIBS. 605 
 
 sharp teeth. The flowers are blue or purplish and grow thickly 
 upon slender spikes. They come out a few at a time from July 
 to September. 
 
 A decoction of this plant produces nausea. From 1 to 2 
 teacupfuls will operate as an emetic (cause vomiting) , for which 
 purpose it is generally used. After the stomach has been thor- 
 oughly cleansed, however, nausea is not produced by it. It also 
 produces perspiration, and may be given with benefit in severe 
 colds, also in the early stages of fever where the stomach is much 
 disordered. It is used in cases of fever and ague, the decoction 
 being given as an emetic just as the paroxysm is coming on. A 
 strong tea made of Vervain, sweetened with molasses and taken 
 in tablespoonful doses once in thirty minutes to an hour is an 
 excellent remedy in coughs. 
 
 For Debility y Worms, Venereal Diseases, Chronic Skin Diseases, etc. 
 
 VINE MAPLE — Menispermeum Canadense, called also 
 YKUX>w Pariixa, Moonskkd, etc. — This is a woody vine, 
 usually found in moist land near streams, growing from three to 
 six feet in length and twining around whatever it comes in 
 contact with. The root is long, yellow and woody. The leaves 
 somewhat resemble the maple leaf. 
 
 The root is a pleasant bitter tonic and laxative. It 
 strengthens the nervous system, is useful in all cases of debility, 
 especially the shattered condition resulting from syphilitic 
 diseases, and is very good for worms. It also gives tone to the 
 digestive organs and is serviceable in dyspepsia. It may be used 
 in the form of a strong decoction or syrup, and may at the same 
 time be applied externally. Of the syrup the dose is a wine- 
 glassful five or six times daily. 
 
 For Snake Bites, Bilious Complaints, Fevers, Colds. 
 
 VIRGINIA SNAKE ROOT— Aristolochia Serpentana.— 
 The root of this plant is knotted, brown, and very fibrous, the 
 fibers being of a yellow color when fresh. The stems are slender, 
 weak, jointed, and bear from three to seven leaves and from 
 one to three flowers. The leaves are heart-shaped at the base, 
 sharp at the end, and of a pale green color. The flowers are 
 reddish or purplish. The seed capsule has six cells and contains 
 many small seeds. The root has an agreeable, penetrating smell, 
 and a warm, bitterish taste. It is the part used in medicine. 
 
 It first became known as a remedy against snake bites, 
 having been used by the Indians for that purpose. It is now 
 given in bilious complaints, fevers, colds, and in states requiring 
 a stimulative action. It greatly increases the perspiration. In 
 
606 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 bilious complaints it checks vomiting and is soothing to the 
 stomach. A dose of the powdered root is from 10 to 20 grains, 
 which may be gradually increased to 30 grains or % teaspoonful. 
 An infusion is prepared by adding 4 teaspoonf uls of the powdered 
 root to a pint of water, of which from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls may 
 be given every four hours. 
 
 lor Itch, Dropsy, Rheu7?iatism , Gout, Syphilis. 
 
 VIRGIN'S B O W E R — Clematis Virginica, called also 
 Traveller's Joy. — This plant is a native of the United States. 
 It grows from fifteen to twenty feet in height and blossoms in 
 July. 
 
 The fresh bark, leaves and blossoms will cause blisters on 
 the skin, and act as a corrosive poison when taken internally. 
 The dried leaves in weak infusion have been used with advantage 
 in cases of dropsy following intermittent fever, also in chronic 
 rheumatism, syphilis and gout, and an application of an infusion 
 or ointment of the leaves in oil will cure itch, for which purpose it 
 is much used by the peasantry of Europe. 
 
 For Ulcers, Putrid and Spongy Gums, Scurvy, Skin Diseases. 
 
 W ATER DOCK — Rumex Aquaticus. — A native of 
 marshes. Rises about five feet in height and has narrow, pointed 
 leaves nearly two feet long. The flowers are yellow and blossom 
 thickly in spikes. 
 
 A decoction of this plant is especially used as a wash for 
 foul ulcers and for putrid and spongy gums. It should be taken 
 internally at the same time, drinking a small quantity of the 
 decoction daily. Also good in scurvy and skin diseases. The 
 dose usually given is a decoction of y 2 ounce of the fresh roots in 
 1 pint of water. 
 
 For Irritability of the Stomach, Nausea and Vomiting. 
 
 WHITE COHOSH— AcUsa Alba, called also Necklace 
 Weed, White Beads, etc. — This plant very closely resembles 
 Black Cohosh in appearance, but the berries are white instead of 
 black, which distinguishes it from the other variety. 
 
 The medicinal properties of the two plants (see Black 
 Cohosh) are nearly identical. The seeds of the White Cohosh, 
 given in repeated doses of from 10 to 15 grains, are considered a 
 specific for irritability of the stomach, nausea and vomiting, 
 especially that of females arising from uterine troubles. 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 607 
 
 For Gangrenous Ulcers, Falling of the Womb and Bowels , Leucor- 
 rhea. 
 
 WHITE OAK — Quetcus Alba. — This tree rises from fifty 
 to sixty feet in height, and has a cone-shaped fruit (acorns) 
 surrounded at the base by a rough shell. 
 
 The bark of the Oak is very astringent, and especially so 
 with the White Oak. The bark of the young branches is 
 probably the best. It is used externally in the form of decoction, 
 as a wash in gangrenous ulcers, or as an injection in falling of 
 the womb or of the bowels, or in leucorrhea. A decoction of 
 grated acorns, or roasted acorns mixed with cocoa or chocolate, 
 is used as a remedy for diarrhea, flatulent dyspepsia and 
 scrofula. 
 
 Fot Gonorrhea, Leucorrhea, Boils, Scrofulous Sores, Lockjaw, White 
 Swellings, etc. 
 
 WHITE POND "LILY— JVymph&a Odorata, called also 
 Sweet Water Lily, Toad Lily, Water Cabbage, etc. — 
 Found in ponds, ditches and rivers all over the country. The 
 flowers shut at night. The seeds ripen in water. The perfume 
 is similar to that of the magnolia. The roots of this plant are 
 thick, notched and of a blackish color, and are the part chiefly 
 used in medicine. They are useful in diarrhea, dysentery, and 
 all complaints of the bowels; also in gonorrhea, leucorrhea and 
 scrofula. 
 
 A dose of the powdered root is from % to Y 2 teaspoonful 
 taken in warm water; or a pint of the expressed juice of the root, 
 to which is added ^ pint of Port Wine and 4 ounces of sugar, 
 makes a better preparation, of which from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls 
 may be taken four times a day. Externally the roots and leaves 
 are used for poultices in boils, scrofulous sores, lockjaw and 
 inflamed skin. When employed as a poultice for white swellings, 
 it is usually combined with Cohosh root and Slippery Elm bark. 
 This poultice should be changed three times a day, the patient 
 taking at the same time some blood purifying medicine. The 
 fresh juice of the root, mixed with lemon juice, is said to be a 
 good cosmetic and to remove pimples and freckles. A decoc- 
 tion of the leaves makes a good wash for old sores, ulcers 
 and fresh wounds. It is also used as a gargle in putrid sore 
 throat and asthma, and is a valuable wash for inflamed eyes. 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Dysentery, Chro?iic Rheumatism, Hysteyia, etc. 
 
 WHITE POPLAR — Lbiodendron Tulipifera, called also 
 Tulip Tree, Whitewood, etc. — This tree is a native of the 
 United States, growing sometimes to a height of over 100 feet. 
 
6o8 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 It is allied to the Magnolia. It blossoms about the middle of 
 May, the flowers being tulip-shaped, and of a greenish yellow 
 color striped with orange red. These are followed by a cone- 
 shaped fruit. 
 
 In dyspeptic states of the stomach and bowels this is an 
 excellent remedy; also in low fevers, dysentery, chronic rheuma- 
 tism, and, combined with a small quantity of L,audanum, is a 
 certain, speedy and effectual remedy in hysteria. The bark of 
 the root and trunk are both used. That of the root is more tonic 
 and less stimulant than that of the trunk. A dose of the pow- 
 dered bark is from ^ to ^ teaspoonful. An infusion is made 
 by adding from 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls of the bark to a pint of 
 boiling water, of which the dose is 2 tablespoonfuls. The leaves 
 were used by the Cherokee Indians in poultices for sores and 
 headaches, and in ointment for inflammations and mortifications. 
 
 For Nervous Diseases, Pleurisies, Convulsions. 
 
 WHITE SNAKE ROOT — Eupalotium Ageratoides* 
 called also White SaniclE, Pool Root, etc. — This plant grows 
 abundantly in nearly every part of the United States, rising from 
 one to three or four feet in height and bearing a white flower. 
 It has a white, fibrous root, which is the part used in medicine. 
 For this purpose it should be collected in September or October. 
 The stalk is furrowed, the branches are in opposite pairs, and the 
 leaves, which are on long foot-stalks, are about the size of large 
 apple-tree leaves. 
 
 It is used in the form of infusion and decoction, prepared 
 by pouring a pint of boiling water on an ounce of the bruised 
 root, of which from 1 tablespoonful to half a teacupful may be 
 taken at a dose. It is a nervine and, taken to a sufficient extent, 
 will overcome irritability of the nervous system. It also pro- 
 motes freedom of expectoration and breathing in affections of the 
 lungs, and is valuable in pleurisies and in diseases generally 
 attended with nervous irritation and convulsions. 
 
 For Ailments of the Digestive Tract. 
 
 WILD CHERRY — Prunus Virginiana, called also Black 
 Cherry, Rum Cherry, Cabinet Cherry, etc. — In open fields 
 the limbs of this tree spread out into an elegant top, but in forests 
 it often runs up to sixty feet or more in height with a few 
 crowded branches. The flowers are white and grow along the 
 stems from six to eight inches long. The fruit is black, with a 
 bitter, astringent taste, similar to that of peach kernels. 
 
 The bark is the part used, that of the root being much better 
 than that of the trunk of the tree. It should never be boiled, but is 
 taken in the form of a cold infusion, which is made by adding cold 
 
HERB REMEDIES. Cog 
 
 water to the bark and letting it stand for forty-eight hours, an 
 average dose being a wineglassful three or four times a day. It is 
 particularly recommended in intermittent fevers, also in consump- 
 tion. It is also excellent in dysentery, chronic diarrhea, colics, 
 debility, dyspepsia, and most ailments of the digestive tract. 
 
 For Use Externally in Inflammations bordering ubon Gangrene, 
 Syphilitic Ulcers, etc. 
 
 W ILD INDIG O — Baptisia Tindoria, called also Indigo 
 Weed, Horse-Fly Weed, Yellow Broom, etc. The root con- 
 sists of a short, knotty head, two or three inches broad, with 
 several long branches from its under surface. It is blackish on 
 the outside and yellowish on the inside. The stems grow two or 
 three feet high, are round and smooth and of a yellowish green 
 color with black dots. The branches are thin and have small 
 leaves of a bluish green color with a light green stripe on the mid- 
 rif. The flowers are a bright yellow and come out in loose 
 spikes at the end of the branches. They are succeeded by an 
 oblong pod of a bluish black color, containing a row of small, rattling 
 seeds. It blossoms in July and August, and the whole plant, even 
 the flowers, often becomes black in the fall. It is usually found 
 in dry, sandy soil, and grows more abundantly near the eastern 
 coast. It is a native of Canada and the United States. 
 
 The outer layer of the bark is the part used. It is a general 
 stimulant, and is used in decoction in protracted fevers, notably 
 typhus or typhoid. Applied externally, it makes excellent poul- 
 tices in inflammations bordering upon gangrene. Also good in 
 syphilitic ulcers and malignant and ulcerous sore mouth and 
 throat, sore nipples, chronic sore eyes, etc., in which case it is 
 made into a strong decoction and used as a wash, or as a poultice, 
 or made into an ointment with lard or cream. The decoction 
 taken internally is made by adding an ounce of the fresh root to a 
 pint of boiling water, of which the dose is a tablespoonful every 
 three or four hours. 
 
 For Liver Derangements and Pulmonary Consumption. 
 
 WILD SUCCORY — Cichotium Intybus, called also Endive. 
 — This plant grows wild, and is found in neighborhoods which 
 have long been settled. It grows one or two feet high, and has 
 beautiful blue flowers which appear in July and August. The 
 whole plant has a bitter taste, which is strongest in the root and 
 weakest in the flower. 
 
 It is usually given in decoction, prepared by boiling one or 
 two ounces of the root or a handful of the herb in a pint of water. 
 It is useful in jaundice, and in congestion or obstruction of the liver 
 
 39 
 
610 FA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 in the early stages. The expressed juice taken in large doses, 
 frequently repeated, has been found beneficial in pulmonary con- 
 sumption and various other complaints. 
 
 For Bilious Colic. 
 
 WILD YAM — Dioscorea Villosa, called also Couc Root. — 
 This plant is a climber that is found growing in thickets in moist 
 localities as far south as Florida and west as the Mississippi. The 
 leaves are nearly smooth above, and downy beneath. The fruit is 
 a triangular winged capsule that grows in pendant bunches. The 
 root, which is of a pale yellowish brown color, is repeatedly 
 forked and breaks with difficulty. It is the part used in medi- 
 cine, and in Virginia is known as ' ' Rheumatism Root. ' ' 
 
 Yam root is believed to have "a special action on the liver," 
 and a celebrated botanic physician made secret use of it for many 
 years as a remedy for bilious colic. For this purpose a decoction 
 is made by pouring a pint of boiling water on 2 ounces of the 
 bruised root, simmering it slowly for half an hour and straining, of 
 which the dose is >£ teacupful every twenty minutes, as warm as 
 the patient can bear it, until relief is obtained. It seldom fails 
 to produce a beneficial effect within an hour after it has been 
 taken. The application of a large Mustard plaster over the abdo- 
 men assists its action. 
 
 For Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Asthma, etc. 
 
 W I NT E R G R E E N — Gaultheria Procumbens, called also 
 Mountain Tea, Tea Berry, etc. — This is a little evergreen 
 with which nearly every one is familiar. 
 
 A tea may be made of the green plant, or the essence or oil 
 may be purchased. The tea is used to relieve asthma, also to re- 
 store strength and promote menstruation. The oil contains Sali- 
 cylic Acid and is used in rheumatism, also sometimes employed in 
 neuralgia. A dose of the oil is from 5 to 10 drops every three to 
 six hours, gradually increased until there is a ringing in the ears. 
 The plant is a stimulant, restorative, cordial, and possesses anti- 
 septic properties. 
 
 For Ulcers, Piles, Tumors, External Inflammatio?is , Inflamed Eyes, 
 Hemorrhages, Prolapse. 
 
 WITCH HAZEL — Hamamelis Virginica. — A shrub, rising 
 from six to ten feet in height and blossoming in winter. The 
 blossoms, which do not come out until the leaves fall, remain 
 on from October to February, and the fruit, which is similar to a 
 hazlenut, remains on until the next fall and then explodes, scat- 
 tering the seeds about. Found in the damp woods of Canada 
 and the United States. 
 
HERB RBMBD1HS. 611 
 
 The bark in the form of a poultice is applied externally to 
 ulcers, piles, painful tumors of all kinds and external inflamma- 
 tions; a poultice made of the inner bark is excellent in treating 
 inflammation of the eyes; an infusion of the leaves is a useful 
 astringent in hemorrhages, and a strong decoction is used as an 
 injection for falling of the womb or bowels. The extract is 
 employed for many purposes. An excellent remedy in many 
 cases of diarrhea, typhoid fever and other unhealthy conditions 
 of the bowels, is made by adding 2 ounces of the extract to 1 
 ounce of Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, of which the dose is a tea- 
 spoonful every three or four hours, according to the severity of 
 the case. Its value lies in its antiseptic and astringent proper- 
 ties. 
 
 For Inflamed Co?tditions of the Bladder and Kidneys, Fevers, Piles, 
 etc. 
 
 WOOD SORREL— -Oxalis Acetosella, called also Sour 
 Trefoil, Cuckoo Bread, etc. Found in mountain regions in 
 the northern part of this country. The roots are white, juicy 
 and creeping. The leaves grow on long, slender, hairy stems. 
 The flowers are white with purple veins. 
 
 The leaves are used in decoction, and may be given freely in 
 inflamed conditions of the bladder, urethra and kidneys, also in 
 fevers, piles and putrid diseases. 
 
 For Worms. 
 
 WORMSEED — Chenopodium Anthelminticum, called also 
 Wormseed-Goosefoot, Stinking Weed, etc. — Grows in all 
 parts of the United States, rises from two to five feet in height, has 
 leaves dotted beneath and small flowers of a yellowish green 
 color. The whole plant has a strong, disagreeable odor. 
 
 It is used to expel worms from the intestines, for which pur- 
 pose it must be given in small doses, repeated. From 5 to 10 
 drops of the oil mixed with sugar is a dose for a child. From x / 2 
 to 1 teaspoonful of the powdered herb and seed, united with 
 powdered Peppermint, may be given to a child two or three years 
 of age. In either form it should be given night and morning 
 before eating for two or three days, and the last dose followed 
 with a brisk cathartic. 
 
 For Tonic Purposes. 
 
 WORMWOOD — Artemisia Absinthium. — This plant is 
 cultivated in gardens, or may be found growing wild in stony 
 places. The stem is covered with a whitish down. The leaves 
 are whitish on both sides. The flowers are small, yellowish, and 
 form a long, pyramidal cluster. It has a strong smell and a 
 bitter, spicy taste. 
 
6 1 2 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIP'l S. 
 
 Wormwood is a valuable stimulant and tonic. In moderate 
 doses it promotes the appetite and digestion, quickens the circu- 
 lation and gives tone to the whole system. It is given in all 
 cases requiring a tonic — in dyspepsia, suppressed menstruation, 
 chronic leucorrhea and obstinate diarrhea and also as a vermi- 
 fuge (to destroy worms). It has been given with advantage in 
 nervous affections, such as epilepsy, hysteria, severe neuralgia 
 and St. Vitus' s dance. A dose of the powder is from yi to % 
 teaspoonful. An infusion is made by adding an ounce of the 
 herb to a pint of cold water, of which the dose is from i to 2 
 tablespoonfuls. It is also used externally as a fomentation for 
 bruises and inflammations generally. 
 
 For Piles, Sores, Hemorrhages, Dysentery, Diarrhea, etc. 
 
 YARROW — Achillea Millefolium, called also Milfoil, 
 Thousand Leaf, etc. — This plant rises to a height of from 12 
 to 18 inches, and is distinguished by its double- winged leaves 
 and leaflets, which are minutely divided and subdivided. Its 
 flowers form a thick, flat bunch, and are white or rose colored. 
 The whole plant has an agreeable taste and smell. It should be 
 gathered when in bloom. 
 
 Milfoil is a general stimulant and tonic, and is especially 
 valuable in relaxed conditions of the pelvic organs due to debility, 
 giving rise to piles, leucorrhea, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, etc. 
 Also good in dyspepsia and flatulent colic due to the same cause. 
 The infusion is made by adding X A ounce of the herb to 6 ounces 
 of water and reducing by heat to 3 ounces, of which the dose is 
 a tablespoonful every hour. The expressed juice may be taken 
 in doses of 2 to 4 tablespoonfuls three times a day. The oil may 
 be given in 20-drop doses. 
 
 For Blood Diseases, Bilious Diseases, Fevers, Skin Diseases, etc. 
 
 YELLOW DOCK — Rumex Crispus, called also Narrow- 
 Leaf Dock, Garden Patience, Sour Dock, Curled Dock, 
 etc. Grows from two to five feet in height. The leaves are 
 long and curl in waves at the edges. The flowers are small and 
 greenish and grow thickly on long stems. It has a large, 
 spindle-shaped root, brownish yellow on the outside and yellow 
 within. It grows abundantly in cultivated ground, also in damp 
 places. Found in wet land, however, the root is white and 
 woody and not fit for use. 
 
 Yellow Dock is a very old remedy, and it is said there is 
 scarcely any disease where it may not be taken with advantage. 
 A decoction of the root is found useful in dj^spepsia and gouty 
 tendencies, in bilious complaints, scrofula, syphilis, and all forms 
 of scaly eruptions of the skin. In case of fever it will allay the 
 
HERB REMEDIES. 613 
 
 internal heat and promote a moisture upon the surface. It is a 
 gentle laxative and purifies the blood. The decoction is also 
 considered beneficial in the case of cancers. An ointment of the 
 powdered root and lard will cure the itch, and this ointment may 
 also be used on cancers, tumors, etc. Sometimes the powdered 
 root is stirred up with cream and applied in a paste. The root in 
 powder makes an excellent dentifrice, especially where the gums 
 are spongy. Of the decoction a tumblerful may be taken three 
 times a day with safety, although it would be advisable to begin 
 taking it in smaller quantities. Of the pulverized root 10 grains 
 may be taken at a dose. The decoction may be made into a 
 syrup if desired. 
 
 For Stomach Tonic, Worms. 
 
 YERBA BUENA— Micromeria Douglasii. 
 Native of Pacific Coast of America. 
 
 Properties. — It is a nervine, tonic and stimulant. In Chili 
 the natives use it as a tea, drinking it the same as we do tea and 
 coffee. It allays nausea and spasmodic pains in the stomach and 
 bowels, and will lessen the force and frequency of the pulse in 
 fevers. It is also adapted to the expulsion of round worms in 
 children. 
 
 Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful of the fluid extract. 
 
 For Asthma, Bronchitis, Consumption, etc. 
 
 YERBA SANTA — Eriodictyon Glutinosum, called also 
 Bear's Weed, Consumptive Weed, Mountain Balm, etc. 
 
 Native of California. 
 
 Properties. — This herb is a valuable remedy in all diseases 
 of the respiratory organs. It may be smoked, as tobacco; the 
 smoke inhaled gives relief in asthma; or the fluid extract in doses 
 of % to Y 2 teaspoonful affords relief in that disease. The natives 
 esteem the tea a cure for consumption; hence one of its common 
 names. It is valuable in consumption, chronic bronchitis, pneu- 
 monia and catarrh of the stomach, also chronic derangement of 
 the kidneys. It possesses a resinous principle that has a soothing 
 and alterative effect on mucous surfaces. It will soon relieve a 
 cough, decrease the expectoration, and improve the appetite and 
 the power to digest and assimilate food. 
 
 Dose. — Of the fluid extract, from % to 1 teaspoonful. There 
 are also a number of proprietary preparations of this herb. 
 
 Taken in the form of Malto- Yerbine, it is a specific for most 
 cases of cough following influenza. This is a standard prepara- 
 tion and may be had at any drug store. 
 
614 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TIME TO GATHER AND METHOD OF DRYING. 
 
 The time to gather herbs is just as they begin to flower, as 
 they possess the highest degree of medicinal properties at this 
 time. 
 
 They should be dried in the shade. The best way is to 
 hang them, tops down, in a corncrib or other airy place. If 
 dried in the sun, they become too crisp, the leaves falling off, 
 thereby losing the best part of the plant. Again, in drying in 
 the sun they are liable to mould unless spread out. When per- 
 fectly dry, put them into paper bags, or else wrap well in paper 
 to keep them from the air, and store in a dry place. 
 
 The time to gather roots is in the fall, after the leaves are 
 dead; or, better, in the spring before the sap rises. 
 
 Barks should be gathered in the fall or early in the spring. 
 
 Berries or fruits may be spread thinly on papers on the floor 
 In an unused room. 
 
Department VI. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPTS, 
 
 ONE HUNDRED 
 VALUABLE PATENT AND SECRET PREPARATIONS. 
 
 In the following pages are given formulae, or receipts for 
 making, ioo of the best known patent medicines, face creams 
 and lotions, etc. , etc. , any one of which preparations can be put 
 up at a fraction of its cost bought under the manufacturer's label. 
 These formulae have been secured by analysis at great cost, and 
 are substantially correct. 
 
 ALLEN'S LUNG BALSAM. 
 
 Blood Root, Tincture of 2 ounces. 
 
 Lobelia, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 3 drachms 
 
 Sassafras, Essence of 2 " 
 
 Anise, Essence of 2 " 
 
 New Orleans Molasses 1 pint. 
 
 Bring the syrup to a boil, add slowly the other ingredients and 
 mix thoroughly. 
 
 ANTI=FAT. 
 
 Anti-Fat is the fluid extract of Bladder Wrack, or Seaweed. 
 It is prepared from the fresh plant, 7^ pounds being used to 
 make 40 ounces of the extract, with equal parts of Alcohol and 
 water. 
 
 AYER'S CHERRY PECTORAL. 
 
 Acetate Morphine 3 grains. 
 
 Blood Root, Tincture of 2 drachms. 
 
 Antimony, Wine of 3 " 
 
 Ipecac, Wine of 3 " 
 
 Wild Cherry, Syrup of 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 AYER'S HAIR VIGOR. 
 
 Lead, Sugar of 3 drachms. 
 
 Sulphur, Flower of 2 " 
 
 Glycerine 14 " 
 
 Water 5 pints. 
 
 615 
 
5i6 PA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 AYER'S SARSAPARILLA. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Fluid Extract of 3 ounces. 
 
 Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 3 " 
 
 Yellow Dock, Fluid Extract of 2 « ■ 
 
 May Apple, Fluid Extract of 2 " 
 
 Sugar 1 " 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 90 grains. 
 
 Iron, Iodide of 10 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 BALM OF A THOUSAND FLOWERS. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Bar Soap, nice and white 4 ounces. 
 
 Shave the soap when putting it in, let it stand in a warm place 
 antil dissolved, and then add the following: 
 
 Citronella, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Neroli, Oil of , % 
 
 Rosemary, Oil of yi <l 
 
 BARREL'S INDIAN LINIMENT. 
 
 Alcohol 1 quart. 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Origanum, Oil of }4 ounces. 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of }4 " 
 
 Pennyroyal, Oil of }4 " 
 
 Hemlock, Oil of % " 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 BAY RUM. 
 
 French Proof Spirit 1 pint. 
 
 Bay, Extract of 6 drachms. 
 
 Mix, and color with Caramel. Needs no filtering. 
 
 BEECHAM'S PILLS. 
 
 Saffron 1 grain. 
 
 Sodium, Sulphate of 1 
 
 Rhubarb 4 " 
 
 Aloes 20 " 
 
 Mix, and make into 3-grain pills. 
 
 "BIG G" INJECTION. 
 
 Berberine, Hydrochlorate of 15 grains. 
 
 Zinc, Acetate of 15 " 
 
 Glycerine % ounce. 
 
 Water enough to make 
 
 BLACK OIL LINlMENTo 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Arnica, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 British Oil 2 
 
 Oil of Tar 2 
 
 Mix together in a pitcher and slowly add 
 
 Sulphuric Acid y 2 " 
 
 This will be found very useful as a liniment in cases where there 
 is inflammation. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 617 
 
 BORDET'S HAIR TONIC. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 30 drops. 
 
 Cardamon, Tincture of 30 " 
 
 Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2 drachms* 
 
 Cinchona, Compound, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Cologne Water 1 " 
 
 Cocoanut Oil, enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 BOSCHEE'S GERMAN SYRUP. 
 
 Tar, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of ]/% ounce. 
 
 Wild Cherry, Fluid Extract of 6 drachms. 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 4 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of 3 
 
 Water 6 ounces. 
 
 White Sugar 10 " 
 
 Triturate the Magnesia first with the Oil of Tar, add the fluid 
 extracts, mix thoroughly, then add the Tincture of Opium and 
 water. Filter and form a solution with the sugar by shaking the 
 bottle. 
 
 BRANDRETH'S PILLS. 
 
 Aloes 2 drachms. 
 
 Colocynth, Extract of 20 grains. 
 
 Gamboge 1 drachm. 
 
 Castile Soap y z " 
 
 Peppermint, Oil of 2 drops. '- 
 
 Cinnamon, Oil of 1 drop. 
 
 Add a little Gum Arabic and a few drops of water, mix thoroughly 
 and divide into 80 pills. 
 
 THE BRINKERHOFF SYSTEM. 
 
 Traveling ( ' doctors ' ' are too well known to need any intro- 
 duction. A few years ago they claimed to possess secret methods 
 for the successful treatment of many diseases, and even now 
 there are those who claim to be specialists in the treatment of 
 tapeworm and cancer. However, the so-called ' 'secret methods" 
 are secrets no longer, for with the advance of modern medicine 
 the chemist has analyzed almost every preparation extant, and 
 to-day the remedies applied by the traveling ' ' doctor ' ' are well 
 understood. In justice to him, it may be said that occasionally 
 some system of treatment possessed real merit. Not long ago 
 the "Brinkerhoff's Secret Pile Remedy" was heralded throughout 
 the country as the only sure cure for piles, and for a time the 
 proprietors met with wonderful success — from a financial stand- 
 point. Below we give the Brinkerhoff system in detail: 
 
 BrinkerhofTs Secret Pile Remedy. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Sweet Oil 5 
 
 Chloride of Zinc 8 grains. 
 
 Mix y and inject into the largest pile 8 drops; into the medium 
 sized piles, from 4 to 6 drops; and into the small ones, from 2 to 3 
 drops; into club-shaped piles near the orifice, 2 drops. 
 
618 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 He directs hot sitz baths for those cases where violent pains 
 follow the injections. He also recommends an interval of from two 
 to four weeks between each injection. 
 
 Brinkerhoff 's Celebrated Ulcer Specific. 
 
 Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel 5 drachms. 
 
 Liquor of Subsulphate of Iron 1 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid Crystals 2 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix, and for fistula in ano inject 10 to 15 drops deep into the 
 fistula, and press the track of the fistula with the fingers to force 
 the fluid more deeply in. 
 In cases of recent ulcer, he gives the following treatment: 
 To i}4 ounces of water add # teaspoonful of the Ulcer Specific 
 and }i teaspoonful of starch, and inject into the rectum every 
 night. Sometimes he recommends an injection of starch into the 
 rectum in the morning after the bowels have moved. 
 
 The Brinkerhoff System as applied to fissures: 
 
 Once or twice a month as the "doctor" goes around on his 
 circuit he inserts a small speculum, cleans out the ulcer and 
 applies to it a solution of Nitrate of Silver — 40 grains to the ounce. 
 Between applications the patient uses a morning and evening treat- 
 ment himself. Bach morning he is to evacuate the bowels, then 
 inject the rectum with lukewarm water, and finally insert into it a 
 little ointment consisting of the following: 
 
 Carbolic Acid 3 grains. 
 
 Sulphur 8 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 or Lard may be used in place of Vaseline. For the evening treat- 
 ment he uses the ulcer remedy containing the distilled Extract of 
 Witch Hazel already given. Add y 2 teaspoonful of this to the 
 same quantity of starch and about 3 tablespoonfuls of water, and inject 
 into the rectum every evening. In treating polypus, Brinkerhoff 
 directs his patients to tie the pedicle close to the wall of the bowel 
 with a waxed saddler's silk thread, then if the pedicle is long 
 enough, to snip it off outside the knot; if it is short, to let it alone and 
 it will fall off. Put the patient to bed, give something to constipate 
 the bowels for three or four days, and then give a mild cathartic. 
 
 BROWN'S BRONCHIAL TROCHES. 
 
 Licorice, Extract of , pulverized 1 pound. 
 
 Sugar, pulverized 1% " 
 
 Cubebs, pulverized 4 ounces. 
 
 Gum Arabic, pulverized 4 " 
 
 Conium, Extract of, pulverized 1 ' ' 
 
 Mix. 
 
 BUCKLEYS ARNICA SALVE. 
 
 Arnica, Extract of 1 ounce. 
 
 Resin Cerate .. 8 " 
 
 Vaseline .. ... 2 " 
 
 Seedless Raisins ... 8 " 
 
 Fine-Cut Tobacco )< " 
 
 Water a sufficient quantity. 
 
 Boil the raisins and tobacco in 1 pint of water until the strength 
 is extracted, press out the liquid and evaporate to 4 ounces. Soften 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 619 
 
 the extract of Arnica with a little hot water and mix the liquid 
 with it. Add this to the Cerate and Vaseline, previously warmed, 
 and mix all thoroughly. 
 
 BULL'S COUGH SYRUP. 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of j( grain. 
 
 Granulated Sugar 2 drachms. 
 
 Table Syrup 3 ounces. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 CAMPHOR ICE. 
 
 Spermaceti 1% ounces. 
 
 GumCamphor. ^ " 
 
 Sweet Almonds, Oil of 4 teaspoonfuls„ 
 
 Set this on the stove in an earthen vessel, heating it just enough 
 to dissolve it. Then put into moulds and cover with tinfoil. This 
 is used for chapped hands, lips, etc. 
 
 CARTER'S LITTLE LIVER PILLS. 
 
 Podophyllin..... \]/ z grains. 
 
 Ground Aloes.., 3^ " 
 
 Gum Arabic, Mucilage of, enough to make a soft mass. 
 Divide into 12 pills and coat with sugar. Take at bedtime one or 
 more as needed. 
 
 CASTORIA. 
 
 Senna 4 drachms. 
 
 Manna 1 ounce. 
 
 Rochelle Salts..... 1 " 
 
 Fennel Seed, bruised \]/ 2 drachms. 
 
 Boiling Water.. 8 ounces. 
 
 Sugar „ 8 
 
 Oil of Wintergreen enough to flavor. 
 Pour the water on the ingredients. Cover and macerate until 
 cool, strain ?nd add the sugar, dissolve by agitation, and add Oil of 
 Wintergree jl to flavor. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN'S COLIC, CHOLERA AND DIARRHEA REMEDY. 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 20 drachms. 
 
 Camphor, Tincture of 16 " 
 
 Guaiac, Tincture of 12 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN'S RELIEF. 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 1 ounce. 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of ■ % " 
 
 Guaiac, Tincture of , — — _„ % * 
 
 Color Tincture, to make.. 2 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 The color tincture is merely a solution kept in drug stores foi 
 
 the purpose of coloring mixtures. 
 
 COD LIVER OIL EMULSION. 
 
 Anaemic patients, those who have consumption or any form of 
 wasting disease and wish to take Cod L,iver Oil, will find the 
 following preparation a most suitable one. It contains 50 per 
 cent of Oil, and 50 per cent is all that is claimed for any prepara- 
 tion of this kind. It also contains Phosphate of I<ime freshly 
 
620 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 precipitated. The Phosphate of I^ime is made from Phosphate of 
 Soda and Chloride of Iyime, or Chloride of Calcium. In mixing 
 the Phosphate of Soda and Chloride of Lime in water, the com- 
 pounds are broken up and reunite, with the result that we have 
 Chloride of Soda and Phosphate of L,ime. Chloride of Soda is 
 common salt, and remains dissolved in the water, while the Phos- 
 phate of L,ime is precipitated. The Lime can be placed on a 
 coarse filter, such as druggists use, and water poured over it, and 
 as it passes through it will drain the salt and leave the Phosphate 
 of Lime pure and fresh. This is the best preparation of the kind 
 that can be had. It is made as follows: 
 
 Phosphate of Soda 12 ounces. 
 
 Chloride of Calcium 1 " 
 
 Dissolve separately in 1 or 2 pints of water; the amount is not 
 particular. Then mix, stirring briskly while mixing, and filter as 
 directed above. Dissolve 8 ounces of Gum Arabic in 24 ounces of 
 water and add slowly 2 pints of Cod Liver Oil. Stir the solution of 
 Gum Arabic with, an egg-beater while adding the oil. If thoroughly 
 mixed, these will make a perfect emulsion; the oil will not sepa- 
 rate. Now add the Phosphate of Lime gradually and stir as above. 
 Add a few drops of Cinnamon Oil or other flavoring to suit. 
 
 Dose. — One or 2 tablespoonfuls three or four times a day. 
 
 COKE DANDRUFF CURE. 
 
 The following is the formula of the Coke Dandruff Cure, so widely 
 advertised throughout the country: 
 
 Resorcin 4 drachms. 
 
 Alcohol 4 ounces. 
 
 Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix all together and apply two or three times a week, rubbing the 
 scalp lightly but for some time, with each application. Color, if desired. 
 
 CUTICURA OINTMENT. 
 
 The much advertised Cuticura Ointment has been found to 
 consist of a base of Petroleum Jelly, colored green, perfumed with 
 Oil of Bergamot and containing two per cent of Carbolic Acid, or 
 9 drops to the ounce. 
 
 CUTICURA RESOLVENT. 
 
 Aloes, pure 1 drachm. 
 
 Rhubarb, powdered 1 
 
 Iodide Potass 36 grains. 
 
 Whiskey 1 pint. 
 
 Macerate over night and filter. 
 
 DAVIS' (PERRY) PAIN KILLER. 
 
 Gum Myrrh.; 1 ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Gum Opium 1^ " 
 
 Gum Benzoin 1 
 
 Gum Guiac Yz 
 
 Gum Camphor 2 
 
 Digest these ingredients in 1 pint of Alcohol for two weeks and 
 filter. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 621 
 
 ELY'S CREAM BALM. 
 
 Ely's Cream Balm is a catarrh remedy that is well known and 
 for years has been sold throughout the country. The well-known 
 Kilmer's Modern Pha?macy gives the following as the formula: 
 
 Thymol 3 grains. 
 
 Carbonate Bismuth 15 " 
 
 Oil Wintergreen 2 drops. 
 
 Vaseline 1 ounce. 
 
 ESPEY'S CREAM. 
 
 Cydonium \]/ 2 drachms. 
 
 Boric Acid 4 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 3 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Cologne water 2 drachms. 
 
 Rosewater 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Boric Acid in 4 ounces of Rosewater, macerate the Cydo- 
 nium in the solution for three hours, press through straining cloth, 
 and add Glycerine, Alcohol, Cologne and sufficient Rosewater to 
 make 1 pint. Lastly add the Carbolic Acid and shake well. 
 
 FAHNESTOCK'S VERMIFUGE. 
 
 Castor Oil 1 ounce. 
 
 Wormseed, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Anise, Oil of y 2 ' 
 
 Myrrh, Tincture of ]/ 2 drachm. 
 
 Turpentine, Oil of 10 drops. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 FELLOWS' HYPOPHOSPHITES. 
 
 Glucose (Grape Sugar) 1 pound. 
 
 Simple Syrup 1 pint. 
 
 Calcium, Hypophosphites of 128 grains. 
 
 Potash, Hypophosphites of 48 " 
 
 Iron, Sulphate of 48 " 
 
 Magnesia, Sulphate of 32 
 
 Strychnine, Sulphate of 2 ' 
 
 Quinine, Sulphate of 14 ' 
 
 Water 
 
 Dissolve the Calcium and Potassium hypophosphites in 2 ounces of 
 warm water. Add to 1 ounce of water 3 drachms of the Syrup, and 
 dissolve in the mixture, by the aid of heat, the remainder of the sul- 
 phates. Mix the solutions and set by a few hours, covered, to deposit 
 the Sulphate of Calcium which is formed. Filter into a bottle 
 containing the remainder of the Syrup, wash the residue with an 
 ounce of boiling water, and mix nitrate and washings with the 
 Syrup. Dissolve the Glucose in the mixture, and add through the 
 filter enough water to make 2 pints. The formula would be improv- 
 ed by substituting for the Glucose a refined extract of Malt like that 
 prepared by Gehe in Germany. 
 
622 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 FROSTILLA. 
 
 This is a preparation for chapped hands that is widely 
 known throughout the country. The formula is as follows: 
 
 Quince Seed i drachm. 
 
 Glycerine 6 ounces. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 5 " 
 
 Water 21 " 
 
 Add the Quince Seed to warm water, let stand until it becomes 
 quite thick, strain carefully and add the Glycerine and deodorized 
 Alcohol. Perfume to suit. 
 
 This is a most satisfactory preparation, and will please all 
 who use it. 
 
 GARGLING OIL. 
 
 Crude Petroleum 13 ounces. 
 
 Ammonia Water 6 " 
 
 SoftSoap 16 
 
 Benzine 16 " 
 
 Amber, Crude Oil of 2 " 
 
 Iodine, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Water 5 pints. 
 
 Mix the Petroleum and Soap, add the Ammonia Water Oil of 
 Amber and Tincture of Iodine, and mix thoroughly. Then add the 
 Benzine and finally the water. 
 
 
 "GOLD CURE" FOR DRUNKENNESS. 
 
 We give below two systems of treatment. The first is that 
 given by the well known Keeley Institute, the second is Dr. 
 Wherrell's method. The two methods were recently investigated 
 by two commissions appointed by the United States Government, 
 and in each case Dr. Wherrell's was adopted and used in the 
 National Military Home at Dayton, Ohio, where over one thou- 
 sand old soldiers were cured. Perhaps people have heard more 
 about the Keeley method because it was among the earlier used, 
 and also because it has been more widely advertised; yet when 
 analyzed, the Purge method, the Bromide method, Keeley method, 
 Wherrell and various other methods used in sanitariums, are 
 all one and the same. Any one taking either of the following 
 "cures" must have an earnest desire to be cured, for experience 
 has proven that the man who does not feel the necessity of a cure 
 will not be benefited by the remedy. 
 
 The Keeley Cure. — 
 
 Gentian, Tincture of 2 ounces. 
 
 Columbo, Tincture of 2 ' 
 
 Cinchona, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Salicin 2 drachms. 
 
 Dissolve the Salicin in 4 ounces of boiling water and add to the 
 tinctures. The dose is 1 teaspoonful every two hours, and should 
 be taken with regularity for four or five weeks. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 623 
 
 The Wherrell Treatment— 
 
 Quassia, Tincture of 2 ounces. 
 
 Cinchona Compound, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Hydrastis, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Mix together and take a teaspoonful in water every three hours. 
 
 Either of these forms of treatment is a specific for the drink 
 habit, and will effect a cure in nearly every instance where the 
 patient desires to lead a sober life. Either remedy will antago- 
 nize and eliminate the alcohol from the system, and restore the 
 brain to the natural condition so that there will be no desire for 
 alcoholic stimulants. Either remedy must be taken regularly, 
 and, if necessary, some one of the family or a nurse should see 
 that the directions are fully carried out. Either of these reme- 
 dies are for home treatment for patients who cannot spare the 
 time to take such treatment at the institute. The bitter taste 
 cannot be disguised. Neither remedy should be given without 
 the full consent of the patient, for, as already stated, experience 
 has proven that if the patient does not give his full consent and 
 show an earnest desire to be cured, the treatment should not be 
 undertaken. There will be no bad effects from taking these 
 remedies according to directions, as the ingredients are harmless; 
 on the contrary, they build up the nervous system and add 
 strength and vigor to the whole body. 
 
 There are exceptional cases where, in addition to either of 
 the remedies given, the injection method may also be needed. 
 The injection consists of Chloride of Gold and Sodium, T V grain, 
 and Apomorphine, ^ to \ grain, for each injection. The injection 
 is given under the skin with a hypodermic needle once or twice a 
 day. 
 
 GOOD SAMARITAN COUGH SYRUP. 
 
 Muriate of Morphine 1 grain. 
 
 Cherry-Laurel Water 1 drachm. 
 
 Simple Syrup 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix. Take from 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls once or twice daily. 
 
 GOOD SAMARITAN LINIMENT. 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 ounce. 
 
 Hemlock, Oil of 1 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 1 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 1 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 
 
 Myrrh, Tincture of 4 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 2 
 
 Wintergreen, Oil of 4 drachms. 
 
 Gum Camphor 2 ounces. 
 
 Chloroform i l / 2 
 
 Alcohol 4 pints. 
 
 Mix. 
 
624 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 GREEN MOUNTAIN SALVE. 
 
 Resin 10 ounces. 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 4 drachms. 
 
 Beeswax 4 
 
 Mutton Tallow 4 
 
 Oil Hemlock 1 
 
 Balsam Fir 1 
 
 Oil Origanum 1 
 
 Oil Red Cedar 1 
 
 Venice Turpentine 1 
 
 Oil Wormwood y 2 
 
 Verdigris, powdered 1 
 
 Melt the first articles together and add the oils. Rub up the 
 Verdigris with a little oil, put it in with the other articles, stir well, 
 and then put the basin containing the mixture into a larger vessel of 
 cold water, and work with the hands until cold enough to roll. 
 
 GREENE'S NERVURA. 
 
 Cinchona, Tincture of 5 ounces. 
 
 Damiana, Tincture of 5 " 
 
 Coca, Tincture of 5 " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 GREEN'S AUGUST FLOWER. 
 
 Rhubarb 360 grains. 
 
 Goldenseal 90 " 
 
 Cape Aloes 16 " 
 
 Peppermint Leaves 120 " 
 
 Potash, Carbonate of 120 " 
 
 Capsicum 5 " 
 
 Sugar 5 ounces 
 
 Alcohol 3 " 
 
 Water 10 " 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of 20 drops. 
 
 Powder the drugs and macerate in the mixed Alcohol and water 
 for seven days; filter, and add enough diluted Alcohol to make the 
 whole measure one pint. 
 
 HAIR'S (W. B.) ASTHMA CURE. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 1 ounce. 
 
 Tar Water 1 pint. 
 
 Caramel, about 30 grains. 
 
 Caramel is burnt sugar. Put the sugar on a hot stove and burn 
 it until it is a dark brown. 
 
 Another. — 
 
 Tar, Wine of 14 ounces. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 220 grains. 
 
 HAIR RESTORATIVES, LEAD IN. 
 
 There is a popular impression that the continued use of hair 
 restoratives leads to paralysis. In the light of the facts below it 
 is not strange that lead paralysis is caused by these preparations. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 6 2 5 
 
 The following is taken from the report of Prof. C. F. Chand- 
 ler to the New York Board of Health: 
 
 Mrs. S. A. Allen's World's Kair Restorer. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 5.26 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 0.31 
 
 Kail's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Renewer. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 6.45 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 0.68 
 
 Ayer's Hair Vigor. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 2.81 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 0.08 
 
 Hoyt's Hiawatha Hair Restorative. — This is an Ammonia- 
 cal solution of Nitrate of Silver, containing 4.76 grains of the 
 Nitrate to one fluid ounce. It contains no other metals. 
 
 Clark's Distilled Restorative for the Hair. 
 
 This preparation contains in one fluid ounce: 
 
 Lead in solution 0.11 grains. 
 
 L. Knittel's Indian Hair Tonic. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 5.16 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 1.13 " 
 
 Chevalier's Life for the Hair. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 0.22 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 0.80 " 
 
 Pearson & Co.'s Circassian Hair Rejuvenator. 
 
 One fluid ounce contains: 
 
 Lead in solution 1.40 grains. 
 
 Lead in the sediment 1.31 " 
 
 HALL'S CATARRH CURE. 
 
 Gentian Root, powdered i}( ounces. 
 
 Orange Peel, powdered 5 drachms. 
 
 Cardamom Seeds 100 grains. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 
 
 Water 
 
 Macerate the crude drugs in 12 ounces of diluted Alcohol for 48 
 hours, then transfer to a percolator and allow it to percolate slowly. 
 When the liquid has ceased to percolate, pass enough menstruum 
 through the percolator to make the finished product measure 16 
 ounces. In this dissolve the Potassium Iodide. 
 
 40 
 
626 FAVORITE, MBDICAl RECEIPTS. 
 
 HALL'S HAIR RENEWER. 
 
 Precipitated Sulphur i drachm. 
 
 Lead, Sugar of i « 
 
 Common Salt 2 " 
 
 Glycerine 8 ounces. 
 
 Bay Rum..... 2 " 
 
 Jamaica Rum 4 " 
 
 Water 1 pint. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 HARLEM On- 
 Sulphur , 2 ounces. 
 
 Linseed Oil 1 lb. 
 
 Amber, Oil of 2 ounces. 
 
 Boil the Sulphur and Linseed Oil on a slow fire until the Sulphur 
 is dissolved, then remove from the fire and, when the mixture has 
 somewhat cooled take the Oil of Amber and enough Oil of Turpen- 
 tine to bring the preparation to the consistence of molasses. 
 
 HOP BITTERS. 
 
 Hops, Tincture of y 2 ounce. 
 
 Buchu, Tincture of 3 drachms. 
 
 Senega, Tincture of 3 " 
 
 Podophyllin (dissolved in Spirits of Wine) 10 grains. 
 
 Cochineal, Tincture of 20 drops. 
 
 Distilled Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 HOSTETTER'S BITTERS. 
 
 Sugar 1 ounce. 
 
 Sweet Flag Root 1 " 
 
 OrangePeel 1 " 
 
 Peruvian Bark 1 " 
 
 Gentian Root 1 " 
 
 ColumboRoot 1 " 
 
 Rhubarb 2 drachms. 
 
 Cinnamon < 1 " 
 
 Cloves y z 
 
 Diluted Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 HUNYADI JANOS WATER. 
 
 Lime, Sulphate of 72 grains. 
 
 Glauber Salts 2^ ounces. 
 
 Epsom Salts 2%. " 
 
 Potash, Sulphate of 6 grains. 
 
 Water 8 pints. 
 
 Mix together, and charge with gas if desired. 
 
 Dose. — One-half glassful more or less. This is an active cathartic 
 and may be taken when needed. 
 
 INJECTION BROU. 
 
 Tincture Catechu (1 in 16) 1 drachm. 
 
 Cocaine Muriate 10 grains. 
 
 Lead Acetate 10 
 
 Zinc Sulphate 10 " 
 
 Water 6^ ounces. 
 
 Alcohol % 
 
 Dissolve the mineral salts (the Lead and Zinc) each in )/ z ounce 
 of water and mix them. Dilute the Tincture Catechu with 4 ounces 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 627 
 
 of water. Add the minerals to the Catechu, then dilute the Cocaine 
 Muriate in an ounce of water and add that. Lastly add the Alcohol 
 and water. 
 
 If it is desired to color this the same as the Injection Brou, a 
 small amount of Magenta may be added. 
 
 JAYNE'S EXPECTORANT. 
 
 Syrup Squills 2 ounces. 
 
 Tolu, Tincture of \% " 
 
 Camphor, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Digitalis, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Wine Ipecac 2 " 
 
 Tartar Emetic 2 grains. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 KENNEDY'S MEDICAL DISCOVERY. 
 
 Bitter Root 4 drachms. 
 
 Sneezewort 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix and add: 
 
 Boiling Water 8 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 5 " 
 
 Water 5 " 
 
 Licorice Root y 2 " 
 
 Mix all together and let stand for two days, and add: 
 
 White Sugar 4 ounces. 
 
 Wintergreen, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 KINO'S NEW DISCOVERY. 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of 8 grains. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y 2 drachm. 
 
 Chloroform 60 drops. 
 
 White Pine, Tincture of 2 ounces. 
 
 Water 7 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of % " 
 
 Sugar 14 " 
 
 Rub the Magnesia with 1 ounce of the sugar in a mortar and 
 triturate (stir rapidly) with the tincture of White Pine and the fluid 
 extract of Ipecac; gradually add the water, and triturate with the 
 mixture in the mortar. Filter, and dissolve the Morphia Sulphate 
 in the filtrate. Mix the Chloroform with the rest of the sugar in 
 a bottle and add the liquor above. Keep in a tight vessel. 
 
 LIEBIG'S CORN CURE. 
 
 Indian Hemp, Extract of 5 grains. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 3° " 
 
 Collodion Yz ounce. 
 
 Mix until dissolved. Apply with a camel hair pencil or brush 
 four consecutive nights and mornings to form a thick coating. The 
 Collodion protects the corn from irritation and rubbing, the extract 
 of Indian Hemp acts as an anodyne, and the Salicylic Acid dissolves 
 and disintegrates the corn. 
 
628 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 LYDIA PINKHAM'S VEGETABLE COMPOUND. 
 
 Cramp Bark 4 ounces. 
 
 Partridge Berry Vine 4 
 
 Poplar Bark 2 
 
 Unicorn Root 2 
 
 Cassia 2 
 
 Beth Root \y 2 
 
 Sugar i l / 2 pounds. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Water, a sufficient quantity. 
 
 The drugs should all be reduced to a moderately coarse powder 
 (what druggists call "Number 40"). Pour on boiling water, let 
 stand until cold, then percolate with water until the percolate 
 measures 5 pints, add the sugar, bring to a boil, remove from 
 the .fire and, when cold, add the Alcohol and strain. 
 
 Dose. — One or 2 teaspoonfuls of this may be taken three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 LYON'S KATKAIRON. 
 
 Castor Oil 1 ounce. 
 
 Cantharides, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of 20 drops. 
 
 Ammonia, Stronger Water of 1 " 
 
 Alcohol enough to make 3 ounces. 
 
 MADAME RUPPERT'S FACE BLEACH. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate 1 grain. 
 
 Benzoin, Tincture of 7 " 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 MALVINA CREAM. 
 
 "Warranted to remove freckles, beautify the complexion and 
 preserve the smoothness of the skin." Used in conjunction with 
 Malvina Lotion. 
 
 Saxoline 265 grains. 
 
 White Wax 50 
 
 Spermaceti 30 " 
 
 Bismuth Oxychloride 40 
 
 Mercuric Chloride y z 
 
 Rose, Spirits of (4 drachms of Oil to 1 pint) 20 drops. 
 Almonds, Bitter Oil of ^ 
 
 Warm the Saxoline, White Wax and Spermaceti together until 
 melted. While cooling, incorporate the Bismuth Oxychloride and 
 the Mercuric Chloride, this last previously dissolved in a little Alco- 
 hol, and when nearly cool stir in the perfumes. 
 
 MALVINA LOTION. 
 
 "This lotion should be used as directed with the Malvina 
 Cream, as it is of great importance in the cure of freckles, pim- 
 ples, moth patches, liver mole, ringworm and salt rheum. It 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 629 
 
 straightens wrinkles in the face, speeds the circulation of the 
 blood, and cleanses and softens the skin to youthful freshness." 
 
 Almonds, Oil of 2 drachms. 
 
 Rosewater 1 Pint. 
 
 Gum Arabic, best quality (dissolved in a 
 
 little of the Rosewater) 4 drachms. 
 
 Corrosive 'Sublimate 2 grains. 
 
 Zinc, Oxide of 3 drachms. 
 
 MAGNETIC PAIN KILLER. 
 
 Laudanum 1 drachm. 
 
 Gum Camphor 4 " 
 
 Cloves, Oil of. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Mix and add 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 6 drachms. 
 
 Chloroform 5 ' 
 
 Apply with lint; or for toothache, rub on the gums or upon the 
 face against the gums. 
 
 MICAJAH'S MEDICATED UTERINE WAFERS. 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate ^ grain. 
 
 Zinc, Sulphate of 5 " 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of 15 " 
 
 Gum Arabic 5 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 3 " 
 
 Enough water to form a mass and make into suppositories. Each 
 suppository contains the above amount. 
 
 ORANGE BLOSSOM. 
 
 Zinc, Sulphate of 1 drachm. 
 
 Alum 15 grains. 
 
 Cocoa Butter 3 drachms. 
 
 White Wax %. 
 
 Sweet Almonds, Oil of i l / 2 '* 
 
 Henbane, Extract of 1 grain. 
 
 PAINE'S CELERY COMPOUND. 
 
 Celery Seed 2 ounces. 
 
 Red Cinchona 1 " 
 
 Orange Peel X " 
 
 Coriander Seed % " 
 
 Lemon Peel ^ 
 
 Hydrochloric Acid 15 drops. 
 
 Alcohol 5 ounces. 
 
 Glycerine 3 " 
 
 Water 4 " 
 
 Syrup 4 " 
 
 Grind the solids to No. 40 powder, mix the acid and the water, 
 add the Glycerine and Alcohol, and in the menstruum so prepared 
 macerate the powder for twenty-four hours; then percolate, adding 
 enough water and Alcohol in the proportion to make 12 fluid ounces. 
 Finally add the syrup and, if necessary, filter. 
 
630 FAVORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 PERUNA, 
 
 Copaiba 6 drachms. 
 
 Cubebs 2 " 
 
 Calisaya Bark, ground 2 ounces. 
 
 Stone Root ( Collinsonia ) ground 2 « ' 
 
 Corydalis ( Turkey Corn ) ground 2 " 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Add all the ingredients to the Alcohol. Let stand one week. 
 Shake the bottle frequently, and finally strain through several 
 thicknesses of muslin, or filter through filtering paper, which may 
 be obtained at any drug store. Sweeten and flavor to taste. 
 
 PET-TIT'S EYE SALVE. 
 
 Olive Oil 4 drachms. 
 
 Spermaceti \ J / 2 " 
 
 White Wax y 2 
 
 Melt together and add gradually in a warm mortar the following 
 in fine powder and thoroughly mix, stirring briskly while adding: 
 
 Zinc, Oxide of 30 grains. 
 
 White Precipitate 20 " 
 
 Benzoic Acid 2 " 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of % " 
 
 Rosemary, Oil of % " 
 
 Stir until cool, and preserve in a well covered vessel. 
 
 PIERCE'S FAVORITE PRESCRIPTION. 
 
 Savin 150 grains. 
 
 Cinchona 150 " 
 
 Agaric 75 
 
 Cinnamon 75 " 
 
 Water sufficient to make a decoction of . . . . 8 ounces. 
 To this add the following: 
 
 Acacia 150 grains. 
 
 Sugar 75 
 
 Digitalis, Tincture of % drachm. 
 
 Opium % " 
 
 Anise, Oil of 8 drops. 
 
 Dissolve the gum and sugar in the strained decoction, and add the 
 following: 
 
 Alcohol (in which the oil has previously 
 
 been dissolved) 2 ounces. 
 
 PIERCE'S GOLDEN MEDICAL DISCOVERY. 
 
 Cinchona, Fluid Extract of 16 ounces. 
 
 Columbo, Fluid Extract of 4 " 
 
 Guaiac, Fluid Extract of 8 " 
 
 Licorice, Fluid Extract of 4 " 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Podophyllin (resinoid) 120 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 6 pints. 
 
 Alcohol enough to dissolve the Podophyl- 
 lin. 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Dose, — One teaspoonful from two to four times a day. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 631 
 
 PIMPLE LOTION. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 Borax 4 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Tannin 2 drachms. 
 
 Alcohol 3 ounces. 
 
 Rosewater 10 " 
 
 Mix and dissolve. Apply night and morning. 
 
 PINK PILLS FOR PALE PEOPLE. 
 
 Iron, pure Sulphate of y z ounce. 
 
 Potash, Carbonate of 140 grains. 
 
 Sugar . 48 
 
 Tragacanth in fine powder 16 " 
 
 Glycerine 10 drops. 
 
 Water enough to make a mass. 
 
 Mix all thoroughly and divide into 150 pills. 
 
 Coat with pink colored sugar. 
 
 PISO'S CURE FOR CONSUMPTION. 
 
 Tolu, Tincture of y z ounce. 
 
 Lobelia, Fluid Extract of 2 drachms. 
 
 Indian Hemp, Fluid Extract of 2 " 
 
 Chloroform 1 " 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of 4 grains. 
 
 Tartar Emetic 4 " 
 
 Water 8 ounces. 
 
 Sugar 14 " 
 
 Spearmint, Essence of 10 drops. 
 
 RADAM'S MICROBE KILLER. 
 
 Sulphurous Acid, U. S. P 4 ounces. 
 
 Commercial Sulphuric Acid y 2 ounce. 
 
 Muriatic Acid from 2 to 10 drops. 
 
 Any kind of red wine 1 ounce. 
 
 Water enough to make 1 gallon. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 RADWAY'S READY RELIEF. 
 
 Soap Liniment \y 2 ounces. 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of y 2 " 
 
 Ammonia, Water of y 2 li 
 
 Alcohol y 2 " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 RANSOM'S HIVE SYRUP AND TOLU. 
 
 Squills, Fluid Extract of 2 drachms. 
 
 Senega, Fluid Extract of 2 " 
 
 Tolu, Soluble Essence of 2 " 
 
 Tartar Emetic 4 grains. 
 
 White Sugar 4 ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 4 " 
 
 It is readily prepared by rubbing the Tartar Emetic and sugar 
 well together, adding the fluid extracts and essence of Tolu, and 
 then enough water to make, after short slight heating and straining, 
 4 fluid ounces. Each fluid ounce of the syrup contains 1 grain of 
 Tartar Emetic. 
 
632 FA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 THE FAMOUS "RECAMIER" REMEDIES. 
 
 Recamier Moth and Freckle Lotion contains Corrosive 
 Sublimate in Almond paste or emulsion with water. It is sold 
 for $1.50. (Probable cost from ten to twenty cents.— Pub.) — 
 Boston Journal of Health . 
 
 Recamier Powder contains Arrowroot and Oxide of Zinc. 
 It is put up in a pasteboard box, and is sold for $1.00. Its cost 
 is about five cents. — Boston Journal of Health. 
 
 Recamier Balm comes in a cheap glass flask, tied with a bit 
 of ribbon and filled with water. It contains a white powder — 
 the Oxide of Zinc — and Corrosive Sublimate. This preparation 
 is sold for $1.50. To make it costs at most ten cents. — Boston 
 Journal of Health . 
 
 Recamier Cream. — 
 
 Zinc, Oxide of 2 ounces. 
 
 Glycerine d l / 2 drachms. 
 
 Water 1 " 
 
 Rose, Spirits of (4 drachms to pint) 1 " 
 
 Triturate together until a perfectly homogeneous mass results. 
 
 SAGE'S CATARRH REMEDY. 
 
 Golden Seal, powdered 1 ounce. 
 
 Borax, powdered 10 grains. 
 
 Common Salt 10 " 
 
 Cyanuret of Iron sufficient to color. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 SANFORD'S RADICAL CURE OF CATARRH. 
 
 This consists of a distilled extract of Witch Hazel containing 
 a little Alcohol and Glycerine, perhaps as much as 5 per cent of 
 the latter and between 10 and 15 per cent of the former. Also 
 an important constituent is Morphine. The "solvent" consists 
 mostly of Nitre and Bicarbonate of Soda, with a small quantity 
 of the yellow powder, insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, 
 probably a vegetable powder. 
 
 SCHENCK'S PULMONIC SYRUP. 
 
 Wormwood j4 ounce. 
 
 Catnip l / 2 " 
 
 Tansy l / 2 " 
 
 Hyssop. y 2 " 
 
 Horehound % " 
 
 Hops y 2 " 
 
 Chamomile l /z " 
 
 Comfrey l / 2 u 
 
 Senega }4 " 
 
 Elecampane ., yi li 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 633 
 
 Boil with sufficient water to make, after straining, 1 quart. Then 
 add: 
 
 Gum Arabic 1% ounces. 
 
 Licorice \ l / 2 " 
 
 Then add one good sized Indian Turnip, and finally add: 
 
 Sugar 3 pounds. 
 
 Brandy x / 2 pint. 
 
 And the juice of two lemons. 
 
 SEIDLITZ POWDERS. 
 
 Rochelle Salts 2 drac hm s. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 scruples. 
 
 Tartaric Acid 35 grains. 
 
 Mix the Salts and Soda together and put in a blue paper; then 
 put the Tartaric Acid in a white paper. When using, put the pow- 
 der contained in the blue paper in about a half glass of water, then 
 add the Tartaric Acid contained in the white paper, and drink 
 quickly while effervescing. A little loaf sugar may also be added, if 
 desired. 
 
 SEVEN BARKS. 
 
 Hydrangea, "Extract of 1 drachm. 
 
 Poke Root, " " 1 y 2 ounces. 
 
 Culver's Root, " " i# " 
 
 Dandelion, " " \]/ 2 
 
 Ladies' Slipper, " " 1%, 
 
 Colocynth " " \% " 
 
 Bloodroot, " " 6 drachms. 
 
 Blue Flag, " " 6 
 
 Stone Root, " " 6^ " 
 
 Goldenseal, " " jtf " 
 
 Mandrake, " " 3 ounces. 
 
 Black Cohosh, " " 3 
 
 Butternut, " " 6 
 
 Spirits of Sea Salt 2 
 
 Aloes 10 drachms. 
 
 Borate of Sodium 2 ounces. 
 
 Capsicum, Infusion of 4J^ drachms. 
 
 Sassafras, powdered 11 " 
 
 Ginger 6 " 
 
 Syrup 1% quarts. 
 
 Water, sufficient to make 3 " 
 
 SEVEN SUTHERLAND SISTERS' HAIR GROWER. 
 
 Distilled Extract of Witch Hazel 9 ounces. 
 
 Bay Rum 7 " 
 
 Common Salt 1 drachm. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid 1 drop. 
 
 Mix the Bay Rum and distilled Extract of Witch Hazel, add 
 Yz ounce Carbonate of Magnesia and shake thoroughly, filter, add 
 the salt and let it dissolve, and then add the Hydrochloric Acid. 
 The agitation with the Magnesia causes the preparation to assume a 
 yellow color, but by rendering it very slightly acid with 1 drop of 
 Hydrochloric Acid, this color all disappears. 
 
634 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 SHILOH'S CONSUMPTION CURE. 
 
 Morphine, Muriate of 3 
 
 Muriatic Acid 3 
 
 Henbane, Fluid Extract of 2 
 
 Ginger, Fluid Extract of 3 
 
 Wild Cherry, Fluid Extract of 3 
 
 Alcohol \]/ 2 
 
 Water \y 2 
 
 Chloroform 1 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of 30 
 
 Tar, Syrup of 3 
 
 Simple Syrup enough to make 8 
 
 grains. 
 
 drops. 
 
 drachms. 
 
 drops, 
 ounces. 
 
 SMITH BROS.' COUGH DROPS. 
 
 Average weight of each drop 36. 5 grains. 
 
 Sugar (and glucose in small quantities)... 35.5 " 
 Charcoal, powdered 80 " 
 
 Licorice in small quantities. 
 
 Highly flavored with Oil of Sassafras with a little Oil of Anise 
 added. 
 
 SOZODONT. 
 
 Castile Soap 75 grains. 
 
 Glycerine 75 " 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 5 drachms. 
 
 Peppermint, Oil of sufficient quantity. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 
 
 Anise,Oilof 
 
 Cinnamon, Oil of " " 
 
 SQUIBB'S DIARRHEA MIXTURE. 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 ounce. 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 1 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of 1 
 
 Chloroform, purified 180 drops. 
 
 Alcohol enough to make 5 ounces. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Dose. — From 15 to 30 drops. 
 
 ST. JACOB'S OIL. 
 
 Gum Camphor % ounce. 
 
 Chloral Hydrate % 
 
 Chloroform X 
 
 Sulphuric Ether % 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 1 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 STUART'S DYSPEPSIA TABLETS. 
 
 Each tablet contains the following: 
 
 Common Baking Soda 10 grains. 
 
 Morphine -fa 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 635 
 
 SUN" CHOLERA CURE. 
 
 ounce. 
 
 Capsicum Tincture of 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 
 
 Rhubarb, powdered 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of 
 
 Mix— Dose: From 15 to 30 drops. 
 
 SWAIM'S VERMIFUGE. 
 
 Wormseed 2 ounces. 
 
 Valerian \y 2 " 
 
 Rhubarb i l / 2 
 
 Pink Root i l / 2 
 
 White Agaric \]/ 2 
 
 Boil in sufficient water to yield 3 quarts of decoction, and add: 
 
 Tansy, Oil of „ 30 drops. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 45 " 
 
 Dissolve the Oils in a quart of rectified spirits. 
 
 Dose. — One tablespoonful at night. 
 
 SWIFPS SYPHILITIC SPECIFIC. 
 
 Old Man's Gray Beard Root 1 peck. 
 
 Prickly Ash Root 4 ounces. 
 
 White Sumac Root 2 " 
 
 Red Sumac Root 2 " 
 
 Sarsaparilla Root 2% " 
 
 Copper, Sulphate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Bruise the Gray Beard and Sumac roots, and put them with the 
 Sarsaparilla into an iron pot sufficient to hold 2 gallons of 
 water, or cover the roots completely with the water. Cover the 
 pot with pine tops, and boil slowly until the liquid assumes the 
 color of ink. Strain while warm, add the Sulphate of Copper and 
 good Holland Gin sufficient to prevent fermentation. 
 
 Dose. — One wineglassful four times a day. Strictly abstain from 
 horseback riding, butter or very greasy food, and all kinds of spirits 
 or fermented liquors. The chancre must be treated in the usual 
 manner. 
 
 SYRUP OF FIGS. 
 
 Senna Leaves i^f ounces. 
 
 Coriander Seed 6 drachms. 
 
 Figs 3 ounces. 
 
 Tamarind 2 " 
 
 Cinnamon Bark 2 " 
 
 Prunes \)/ 2 " 
 
 Licorice, Extract of \)/ 2 drachms. 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of \ l / 2 " 
 
 Simple Syrup 1 pint. 
 
 THOMPSON'S EYE WATER. 
 
 Zinc, Sulphate of 5 grains. 
 
 Copper, Sulphate of 1% " 
 
 Saffron, Tincture of l / 2 drachm. 
 
 Camphor, Tincture of 15 drops. 
 
 Rosewater 2 ounces. 
 
 Pure Water 2 " 
 
 Mix together and filter through filtering paper kept by druggists. 
 
636 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 gram. 
 
 TRASK'S MAGNETIC OINTMENT. 
 
 Hard Raisins, cut into pieces 2 ounces. 
 
 Fine Cut Tobacco 2 " 
 
 Lard 1 » 
 
 White Wax 1 " 
 
 Mix, and simmer together for one hour over a slow fire; or set 
 the dish containing it into a pot of boiling water and let boil for 
 that length of time. 
 
 The White Wax is added to give it the proper consistence, and 
 may be used in greater or less proportion according to the season 
 of the year, more being needed in summer than in winter. 
 
 UTERINE TONICS. 
 
 In the following preparation the whole drug is not used; 
 the part employed is the active principle or medicinal quality 
 only: 
 
 Buckley's Uterine Tonic. 
 
 Bach pill contains: 
 
 Helonin 
 
 Caulophyllin ; 
 
 Macrotin i " 
 
 Hyoscyamine Amorphus ^^ " 
 
 Dose. — Take 1 pill every three hours, or four times a day. If the 
 throat becomes dry, or the face flushed, it is evidence that the dose 
 should be lessened. If these symptoms do not appear, the amount 
 can be increased if desired. 
 
 This prescription gives most satisfactory results, and has 
 been used by many noted physicians. 
 
 Parke-Davis' Uterine Tonic. 
 
 Each pill contains: 
 
 Viburnum Prunifolium 1 grain. 
 
 Viburnum Opulus 1 
 
 Star Grass ]/ 2 
 
 Helonias y 2 
 
 Squaw Vine y 2 
 
 Caulophyllum % 
 
 Dose. — Take 1 three or four times a day whenever there is head- 
 ache, backache, and a dull pain and feeling of weight in the pelvic 
 organs. 
 
 VAN BUSKIRK'S FRAGRANT SOZODONT. 
 
 {For the Teeth.) 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Water 2^ 
 
 Castile Soap, pure Yz 
 
 Wintergreen, Oil of 5 drops. 
 
 Red Saunders enough to color 
 
 But very little of the Saunders is required, 
 bottle and allow the soap to dissolve. 
 
 Put all together in a 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 657 
 
 WARNER'S SAFE KIDNEY AND LIVER CURE. 
 
 Lycopus Virg. (the herb), Extract of 308 grains. 
 
 Hepatica, Extract of 232 " 
 
 Wintergreen, Extract of 7^ " 
 
 Saltpetre 39 " 
 
 Alcohol 2% ounces. 
 
 Glycerine 10 drachms. 
 
 Water sufficient to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix all together, let stand one week. Filter if necessary. 
 
 WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP. 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of Yz grain. 
 
 Soda, Carbonate of 1 " 
 
 Simple Syrup \y 2 ounces. 
 
 Pure Water x / z 
 
 Fennel, Spirits of 1 drachm. 
 
 Note. — We have stated several times in this work that Opium 
 in any form should not be given to children. Besides causing 
 convulsions, it is liable to cause death. Just one drop of Laudanum 
 has caused death in a babe. There are many more remedies more 
 quieting and absolutely without danger. 
 
OVER TWO HUNDRED MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL 
 RECEIPTS AND THINGS WORTH KNOWING. 
 
 DOSES OF MEDICINE FOR DIFFERENT AGES. 
 
 It must be plain to every one that children do not require 
 such powerful medicine as adults, or old people, and therefore it 
 is desirable to have some fixed method of determining or regulat- 
 ing the administration of doses of medicine. We will assume 
 that the dose for a full-grown person is one drachm (60 grains, 
 or 1 teaspoonf ul) , then the following proportions will be suitable 
 for the various ages given; keeping in view other circumstances, 
 such as sex, temperament, habits, climate and state of general 
 health. 
 
 7 weeks 
 
 7 months 
 
 Under 2 years. 
 
 " 3 
 
 ' 4 
 
 " 5 
 
 " 14 
 
 " 20 
 
 Above 2 1 
 
 1 65 
 
 " 70 
 
 " 85 
 
 PROPORTION. 
 
 one-fifteenth. . . . 
 
 one- twelfth 
 
 one-eighth 
 
 one-sixth 
 
 one-fourth 
 
 one- third 
 
 one-half 
 
 two-fifths 
 
 the full dose.... 
 eleven -twelfths 
 
 five-sixths 
 
 two-thirds 
 
 PROPORTIONATE DOSE. 
 
 or grains 4 
 
 or grains 5 
 
 or grains 7^ 
 
 or grains 10 
 
 or grains 15 
 
 or scruple 1 
 
 or drachm y z 
 
 or scruples 2 
 
 or drachm 1 
 
 or grains 55 
 
 or grains 50 
 
 or grains 40 
 
 Another Method of Averaging Doses for Children. — The 
 following is very convenient inasmuch as it may be borne in mind 
 and is thus always at hand. Add the age of the child to the 
 number 12 and use as a denominator, then place the age of the 
 child above the line and use as a numerator and the dose will be 
 indicated by the fraction. To illustrate: If a child is three years 
 of age, add 3 to 12, making 15 for the denominator; then use the 
 child's age for the numerator and you have ^5, or \ of the adult 
 dose. This plan of dosage is subject to variation, because some 
 children are large and robust while others are physically weak. 
 The dose should be regulated accordingly. 
 
 Alcohol, To Test Its Purity. — A simple means of detecting 
 the purity of Alcohol is as follows: Take an equal amount of 
 Alcohol and Castor Oil, put into a clean bottle and shake thor- 
 
 638 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 639 
 
 oughly. If the Alcohol has not been diluted with water, the 
 mixture will be perfect. If the Alcohol has been so adulterated, 
 the Oil will mix but partially. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia, or Water of Ammonia. — Water of 
 Ammonia, when properly prepared, is made by adding 10 per cent 
 of the stronger Water of Ammonia to pure water. In other 
 words, to 1 pint of pure water add 1% ounces of the stronger 
 Water of Ammonia. The stronger Water of Ammonia may be 
 had at any drug store. We have reason to believe that much of 
 the Ammonia sold in department stores and other places is not 
 of proper strength. 
 
 Asthma Remedy. 
 
 Stramonium, powdered 1 ounce. 
 
 Nitrate of Potash, powdered ]/ z " 
 
 Lobelia, powdered % " 
 
 Belladonna Leaves, powdered y z 
 
 Anise Seed, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 The ingredients should be in fine powder and thoroughly dry 
 before mixing. 
 
 This combination is used by burning a small amount on the tin 
 cover of a can or pail and inhaling the smoke. 
 
 Asthma Remedy, Another. 
 
 Grindelia, powdered 4 drachms. 
 
 Jaborandi Leaves, powdered 4 
 
 Eucalyptus, powdered 2 
 
 Stramonium, powdered 4 
 
 Belladonna, powdered 4 
 
 Cubebs, powdered 4 
 
 Saltpetre, powdered 6 
 
 Cascarilla Bark, powdered Yz 
 
 The ingredients should be in fine powder and thoroughly dry 
 before using. 
 
 This combination is used by burning a small amount on the tin 
 cover of a can or pail and inhaling the smoke. 
 
 BALSAMS. 
 
 For Pulmonary Affections and Coughs of Lo?ig Standing. 
 
 Spikenard root 2 ounces. 
 
 Horehound tops 2 
 
 Comfrey root 2 
 
 Wild Cherry bark 2 
 
 Blood root 2 
 
 Elecampane root . 2 
 
 Add a suitable quantity of water and boil until the strength is all 
 extracted; strain and reduce the liquid, by boiling, to 2 quarts or 
 less; add 2 pounds of white sugar and 2 pounds of good honey and 
 again boil down to 2 quarts. Let the mixture stand for twenty-four 
 hours in order that it may settle, add 1 gill of spirits and bottle for 
 use. 
 
 Dose. — A wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 
640 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Pulmonary Affections. 
 
 Balsam Tolu 2 ounces. 
 
 Balsam Fir 2 " 
 
 Opium 2 drachms. 
 
 Dissolve all in 1 quart of Alcohol. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful occasionally. 
 
 BATHS— HOT OR COLD ? 
 
 We understand that "ice to the head," cold baths and even 
 ice packs, have been recommended and used so long that the 
 public has become more or less familiar with this form of treat- 
 ment; yet we are prepared to state from actual experience that 
 this is not only an unpleasant, and sometimes a dangerous form of 
 treatment, but that it is entirely unnecessary. Warm packs and 
 warm baths will accomplish all that is claimed for cold packs and 
 baths, and are much more agreeable to the patient. 
 
 The cold application causes the vessels on the surface to con- 
 tract and forces the blood to the internal organs, causing conges- 
 tion and checking elimination. This is the very condition to be 
 avoided. True, the cold is a stimulant after recovery from the 
 first effects, or shock, and this aids the patient in overcoming 
 what would otherwise be an increase of the trouble. Warm baths 
 and warm packs cause the vessels near the surface of the body to 
 dilate, thus bringing more blood to the surface, relieving the 
 congestion and aiding in elimination. The first effects of a warm 
 bath will not lower the temperature on the surface, but will lower 
 it in the internal organs, relieving the liver, kidneys, stomach, 
 lungs, heart and brain. The warm bath hastens' resolution by 
 producing the natural condition. A warm bath will also pro- 
 duce free perspiration, and for these reasons a warm bath 
 will lower the temperature in a fevered patient sooner than a cold 
 bath, and is why hot applications are so valuable in capillary 
 bronchitis and cerebro-spinal meningitis, as mentioned under 
 those heads. 
 
 It is well known that cold is especially dangerous to the 
 young. Happily there are but few who apply cold to children 
 and babies, yet the principle is the same whether applied to child 
 or adult. The only reason the adult can sustain the shock is by 
 reason of his greater vitality. 
 
 Someone says a hot bath is weakening. So is the disease. 
 Fever may be caused by sunstroke, apoplexy, or some other con- 
 dition or shock which paralyzes the nerves governing the size of 
 the blood vessels, but, barring these, fever is the result of poison 
 in the system. Apply a hot bath, sweat the patient, eliminate 
 the poison, and note the improvement which is sure to follow. 
 As already stated, we are in a position to advise from actual expe- 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 641 
 
 rience, and therefore wish to emphasize the statement that we 
 know of no condition where a hot bath is not superior to a cold one. 
 
 In all forms of congestion or inflammation, whether in the 
 digestive tract, lungs, liver or kidneys, a hot bath is more bene- 
 ficial than a cold one. The bath improves the circulation, aids 
 a sluggish liver, prevents congestion of the kidneys and relieves 
 a clouded brain. 
 
 Beef Tea.— Take 1 pound of nice lean beef, cut fine, place in 
 a clean basin or spider, add 1 pint of cold water and let stand for 
 two hours, then place it over the fire and allow it to simmer for 
 one hour. Now place in a coarse strainer, press out all the liquid 
 and season to suit the taste. 
 
 This is a convenient way of making beef tea. It is always 
 fresh, and is much more valuable than the expensive extracts of 
 beef sold on the market. 
 
 Blackberry Cordial for Bowel Complaints. — The berries 
 
 should be fully ripe before they are gathered. Mash them and 
 
 let the juice and pomace remain together for eight or ten hours. 
 
 Then add to 1 gallon of juice the following: 
 
 I/J^f Sugar 2 pounds. 
 
 Cinnamon , finely pulverized x / 2 ounce. 
 
 Nutmeg, finely pulverized y 2 " 
 
 Allspice, powdered 2 " 
 
 A few ounces of crushed raisins may be added if desired. 
 Boil the mixture gently for 15 minutes, and when cold add y 2 
 pint of Brandy or the best Rye Whiskey, then put into bottles 
 with the corks cut off even with the top, and cover with wax 
 or pitch of any sort to exclude the air. It is always better to 
 store such cordial in small bottles, as half -pint size, because the 
 contents of a small bottle can be used up before it will spoil; 
 whereas, if a large bottle is opened and the cordial is not used in 
 a few days, it is liable to lose the excellence of its flavor. 
 
 This cordial will be found highly beneficial in the bowel com- 
 plaints of grown persons as well as children. It may be used 
 freely, or in quantities to meet the requirements of the case. It 
 is well to guard against constipation, however, by not continuing 
 its use too long after the trouble has been corrected. 
 
 BLOOD PURIFIERS 
 
 For Alterative and Blood Purifier. 
 
 Sarsaparilla, Fluid Extract of 4 ounces. 
 
 Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 4 " 
 
 Burdock, Fluid Extract of 4 " 
 
 Poke Root, Fluid Extract of 4 " 
 
 Prickly Ash, Tincture of 2 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Dose. — 1 teaspoon ful three or four times a day. 
 
 41 
 
642 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Impurity of the Bloody Venereal, Scrofulous and Skin Diseases , 
 Ulcers, etc. 
 
 Honduras or Jamaica Sarsaparilla, sliced.. 6 ounces. 
 
 Guaiac wood, rasped 3 " 
 
 Sassafras bark 2 " 
 
 Elder flowers 2 " 
 
 Burdock root or seed 3 " 
 
 Yellow Dock, bruised 3 " 
 
 To the above articles add dilute Alcohol or common spirits suffi- 
 cient to immerse them. Digest with a moderate heat for one week, 
 filter the liquor and set it aside. Add y 2 gallon of pure soft water 
 and boil gently to 1 quart. Mix the liquor and the decoction 
 together, and boil again till 1 quart remains; then add 2 pounds of 
 white or clarified sugar and simmer. Put the syrup into new or 
 clean quart bottles, cork and seal tightly. 
 
 Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day, after having cleansed 
 the stomach. The decoction may be used without the addition of 
 sugar. 
 
 For Purifying the Blood. 
 
 Syrup 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol 10 ounces. 
 
 Pure Water 12 " 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 2 ". 
 
 Sarsaparilla Compound, Fluid Extract of.. d x / 2 " 
 
 Dandelion, Fluid Extract of 3 " 
 
 Senna, Fluid Extract of 3 " 
 
 Stillingia, Fluid Extract of 3 " 
 
 Yellow Dock, Fluid Extract of 3 ' ' 
 
 Rhubarb, Fluid Extract of i l / 2 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Anise, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful three or four times a day. 
 
 For Tubercular and Syphilitic Conditions. 
 
 Chloride of Gold and Sodium 2 grains. 
 
 Distilled Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Simple Syrup 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix, and form a solution. 
 
 Dose. — Twelve drops three times a day. 
 
 CASCARA CORDIAL LAXATIVE. 
 
 Cascara Sagrada, ground 4 ounces. 
 
 Senna Reaves, ground 2 
 
 Licorice Root, ground 2 
 
 Soda Sulphate of, powdered 1 
 
 Water n 
 
 Macerate the drugs in the water for twelve hours. Place in a 
 percolator and gradually pour on the following mixture: 
 
 Alcohol 8 ounces. 
 
 Water 4 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 643 
 
 After this has all drained through, add the following oils, dissolved 
 in a little Alcohol. 
 
 Cardamon, Oil of 8 drops. 
 
 Anise, Oil of 4 " 
 
 Orange, Oil of 4 " 
 
 and to this mixture add: 
 
 Granulated Sugar \y 2 pounds. 
 
 Dissolve by shaking the bottle. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful night or morning. The dose may be 
 increased or diminished. 
 
 CATARRH REMEDIES. 
 
 For use in an atomizer, or to snuff up the nose. 
 
 Pilocarpine, Hydrochlorate of. 5 grains. 
 
 Rosemary, Oil of y^ ounce. 
 
 Cantharides, Tincture of y z " 
 
 Glycerine 2 " 
 
 Bay Rum 2 " 
 
 Rose, Oil of 2 drops. 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of, enough to make 6 ounces. 
 
 To be snuffed up the nose several times a day. 
 
 Hydrastine, powdered 30 grains. 
 
 Indigo, powdered 5 " 
 
 Camphor, powdered , 20 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 
 
 Common Salt, very fine 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix the Camphor and Salt, the Carbolic Acid and the Indigo, 
 and then add the Hydrastine. 
 
 To be sprayed up the nose with an atomizer. 
 
 Menthol 5 to 10 grains. 
 
 Eucalyptus, Oil of yi drachm. 
 
 Alboline, liquid, add to 1 ounce. 
 
 Use in atomizer night and morning. 
 
 To be snuffed up the nose several times a day. 
 
 Bismuth, Carbonate of 10 grains. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 3 " 
 
 Thymol, powdered 1 " 
 
 Milk, Sugar of 20 " 
 
 Gum Arabic, powdered 10 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 " 
 
 Quinine, Sulphate of 10 " 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 Dobell's Solution for Nasal Catarrh. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 120 grains. 
 
 Borax 120 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 24 drops. 
 
 Glycerine Yz ounce. 
 
 Water enough to make 1 pint. 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 This is an excellent preparation for nasal catarrh. It should be 
 sprayed up the nose with an atomizer. 
 
644 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Internal Treatment. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 3 drachms. 
 
 Orange, Syrup of 1 ounce. 
 
 Cardamon Compound, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Quassia, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Water enough to make 8 " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls three times a day, taken in water 
 between meals. While taking this remedy local treatment should 
 also be applied by using a snuff or the atomizer. 
 
 For Chronic Catarrh of the Bladder and Chronic Mucous Discharges 
 from the Vagina or Urethra. 
 
 Buchu, Tincture of y z ounce. 
 
 Uva Ursi, decoction of 7^ " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — Half a wineglassful four times a day. 
 
 CAUSTICS. 
 
 Caustics are those substances which when applied to fungous 
 flesh or to the skin, disorganize the same. Their operation, 
 however, differs very much, according to the agents employed, 
 some acting very mildly and others with great severity. They 
 are derived from both the mineral and the vegetable kingdom, 
 but the latter are always to be preferred when they answer the 
 indication required. 
 
 Vegetable Caustic. 
 
 For Fistulas, Cancers, Scrofulous and Indolent Ulcers, and in all 
 
 cases where there is proud flesh; also to excite a healthy action 
 
 of the parts. It removes fungous flesh without exciting 
 
 inflammation, and acts but little except on spongy or soft flesh. 
 
 Make a strong lye of hickory or oak ashes, put it into an iron 
 kettle and evaporate to the consistence of thin molasses; then 
 remove into a sand-bath, and continue the evaporation to the 
 consistence of honey. Keep it in a sealed glass jar. 
 
 Wood Soot. 
 
 Wood soot is said to be excellent to remove fungous or proud 
 flesh from ulcers and wounds. 
 
 CHILDREN'S PRESCRIPTIONS. 
 
 For Colds and Fever in Small Children. 
 
 Potash, Acetate of 1 drachm. 
 
 Dilute Nitro-Muriatic Acid 40 drops . 
 
 Aconite, Tincture of 10 " 
 
 Nitre, Spirits of 40 " 
 
 Henbane, Tincture of 40 " 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, add to 4 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every hour until improvement, then less 
 often. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 645 
 
 For Colds and Feve? in Small Children. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 10 drops. 
 
 Glycerine l / 2 ounce. 
 
 Squills, Syup of 3 drachms. 
 
 Senega, Infusion of, add to 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 20 drops, taken as above. 
 
 For Feverishness a?id Restlessness in Teething Children. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 grains. 
 
 Potash, Bromide of 2 " 
 
 Syrup 40 drops. 
 
 Water, add to 2 drachms. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 10 drops every thirty minutes to one hour until 
 quiet. 
 
 For Children threatened with an attack of Croup or Bronchitis. 
 
 Ipecac, Wine of 3 drachms. 
 
 Tolu, Syrup of 5 
 
 Gum Arabic, Mucilage of 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful every hour or two. 
 
 Carminative Mixture for Flatulency , Wi?id Colic, etc., of Children. 
 
 Ammonia, Aromatic Spirits of. 16 drops. 
 
 Ginger, Tincture of l / z drachm. 
 
 Cardamon Compound Tincture 12 drops. 
 
 Dill Water, add to 1 ounce. 
 
 Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful every thirty minutes, or as needed. 
 
 Tincture for Stomach and Bowel Complaints of Children. 
 
 Alexandria Senna 4 drachms. 
 
 Jalap 2 " 
 
 Fennel Seed 1 " 
 
 Best Brandy, Proof Spirits of 1 pint. 
 
 Let it stand for one week and strain. 
 
 Dose.— One teaspoonful or more to keep the bowels regular. 
 
 For Cough Medicine for Small Children. 
 
 Ammonia, Carbonate of 30 grains. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y 2 drachm. 
 
 Licorice, Syrup of 3 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 " 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
 For Cough Medicine for Children. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z drachm. 
 
 Liquor Ammonia Acetatus 1 ounce. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 1 drachm. 
 
 Tolu, Syrup of 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, add to 2 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
646 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 For Cough Medicine fo? Small Children. 
 
 Chloroform, Spirits of i l / z drachms. 
 
 Paregoric 3 " 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Water, add to 6 u 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. Eacn teaspoonful contains 5 
 drops of Paregoric therefore is not recommended for infants or very 
 young children. 
 
 Fof Whooping Cough. 
 
 Potash, Bromide of 1 drachm. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 16 drops. 
 
 Belladonna, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of yi " 
 
 Tolu, Syrup of 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, add to 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
 For Whooping Cough. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 15 drops. 
 
 Belladonna, Tincture of 40 " 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of l / 2 drachm. 
 
 Glycerine 4 " 
 
 Water, add to 3 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
 For Baby Powder. 
 
 Zinc, Oxide of , 2 ounces. 
 
 Lycopodium 2 " 
 
 Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 For Baby Powder. 
 
 Boric Acid ... 1% ounces. 
 
 Starch, 2% 
 
 French Chalk, powdered. \ l / 2 pounds. 
 
 Rose Geranium, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Soothing Syrup without Opium. 
 
 Syrup I ounce. 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 2 " 
 
 Anise, OU of 8 drops. 
 
 Caraway, Oil of 5 " 
 
 Potash, Bromide of 2 grains. 
 
 Water I ounce. 
 
 Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol, dissolve the Bromide of Potash 
 in the water, add all to the Syrup and mix all together. 
 Dose. — From 5 to 15 drops, according to age. 
 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 647 
 
 Infantas Cordial. 
 
 Sassafras Bark 2 ounces. 
 
 Caraway Seed 2 drachms. 
 
 Coriander Seed 2 " 
 
 Anise Seed 2 " 
 
 Water „ 8 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 8 " 
 
 I^et stand several days, strain, and add of molasses 1% pints. Mix 
 thoroughly. This cordial contains no Opium and is often valuable 
 for restless and crying children. 
 
 Dose. — From % to l /z teaspoonful. 
 
 Godfrey's Cordial without Opium. 
 
 Soda, Bromide of 24 grains. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 15 " 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 drop. 
 
 Anise, Oil of 2 " 
 
 Chloroform. Spirits of y 2 drachm. 
 
 Alcohol 1 " 
 
 Henbane, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Molasses 2 ounces. 
 
 Water, add to 4 
 
 Dissolve the oils in the Alcohol and add the tincture of Henbane. 
 Dissolve the Soda Salts in the water and mix all together. Shake the 
 bottle occasionally for three or four days and carefully pour off the 
 clear liquid. 
 
 Dose. — From ^ to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 For Worms. 
 
 Santonine 1 grain. 
 
 Scammony, Compound Powder of 2j£ " 
 
 Calomel % 
 
 Mix all together and divide into four doses. Take one dose 
 every night. 
 
 For Worms. 
 
 Pink Root, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of 1% drachms. 
 
 Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Syrup 1% ounces. 
 
 Alcohol Yz ounce. 
 
 Wormseed, Oil of 8 drops. 
 
 Add the- Pink Root, Peppermint and Wormseed to the Syrup; 
 next add the Alcohol, shake thoroughly and add the water. 
 Dose. — From 10 drops to 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 For Worms. 
 
 Spigelia (Pink Root), Fluid Extract of.... 1 ounce. 
 
 Senna, Fiuid Extract of 5 drachms. 
 
 Anise, Oil of 2 drops. 
 
 Caraway, Oil of 2 " 
 
 Syrup 1% ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One or more teaspoonfuls. 
 
648 FAVORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 COLDS AND COUGHS. 
 
 Hamburg's Breast Tea for Colds in the Chest. 
 
 Marshmallow Root, cut fine 2 ounces. 
 
 Licorice Root, cut fine 6 drachms. 
 
 Orris Root, ground 2 " 
 
 Colt's Foot Leaves, bruised 1 ounce. 
 
 Mullein Flowers, bruised J^ " 
 
 White Poppy Capsules, bruised 2 drachms. 
 
 Star Anise Seed, bruised y z ounce. 
 
 Mix all together and use by putting a teaspoonful or two into a 
 glass of boiling water. Let stand until cool. Carefully pour off the 
 water and drink it. 
 
 For Coughs. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of y z ounce. 
 
 Chloroform l / 8 
 
 Pinus Canadensis, Tincture of 2 4 ' 
 
 Water 7 
 
 Sugar 14 " 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of x / z " 
 
 Gelsemium, Tincture of % " 
 
 Mix all together, and filter or strain if necessary. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every few hours as needed. 
 
 For Coughs. 
 
 Lemon, Syrup of y z ounce. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 20 drops 
 
 Glycerine l / 2 ounce. 
 
 Codeine 4 grains. 
 
 Water, add to 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
 For Coughs. 
 
 Squills, Syrup of 2 ounces. 
 
 Tolu, Syrup of 2 " 
 
 Ipecac, Syrup of 2 
 
 Paregoric 2 " 
 
 Chlorodyne 1 drachm. 
 
 Ammonia, Muriate of 2 " 
 
 Add the Chlorodyne to the syrups, dissolve the Muriate of Ammo- 
 nia in as little water as possible, and mix all together. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
 For Coughs. 
 
 Codeine, Sulphate of '. 4 grains. 
 
 Ammonia, Chloride of 2 drachms. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of 2 
 
 Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 
 
 Squills, Syrup of 2 " 
 
 Wild Cherry, Syrup of... 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful as needed. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 649 
 
 CORN REMEDIES. 
 
 To Relieve the Pain of. 
 
 Sugar of Lead, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Myrrh, powdered 1 " 
 
 Camphor, powdered 1 " 
 
 Litharge, powdered 1 " 
 
 Sweet Oil sufficient quantity. 
 
 Saxoline- ' " 
 
 Make the powders into a stiff paste with Sweet Oil, then add Saxo- 
 line to bring to the consistency of an ointment. It is stated that 
 this application gives almost instant relief. 
 
 To Remove. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 80 grains. 
 
 Indian Hemp, Extract of 40 " 
 
 Iodine Crystals 6 " 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix together by shaking the bottle. Paint a little on the corn 
 and allow it to dry. Repeat the application for three successive 
 days, then wait a few days until the corn loosens, when it may be 
 readily removed. 
 
 DROPS. 
 
 Cholera Drops— for Cholera and Diarrhea. 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 1 ounce. 
 
 Camphor, Tincture of 1 ' 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of 1 <; 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 1 <! 
 
 Mix, and take x / z teaspoonful in a little sweetened water, to 
 be repeated according to the urgency of the symptoms. 
 
 Cough Drops — For Coughs, and Pains in the Breast. 
 
 Gum Guaiac 1 drachm. 
 
 Gum Camphor 1 scruple. 
 
 Castile Soap 12 grains. 
 
 Laudanum 20 drops. 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Balsam of Peru 12 drops. 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Dose. — Fifteen drops three times a day on a piece of loaf sugar. 
 
 Carminative Drops — For Flatulency, Wind Colic, Hysteria and 
 Nervous Affections. 
 
 Angelica 4 ounces. 
 
 Ladies' Slipper 2 
 
 Sweet Flag y z 
 
 Anise 1 
 
 Dill 1 
 
 Fennel Seed 1 
 
 Catnip Flowers or Leaves 2 
 
 Motherwort 2 
 
 Pleurisy Root 4 " 
 
 Put the whole into 2 quarts of Brandy and digest for forty-eight 
 hours; then press out and strain the liquid, and add to it l / 2 pound 
 of loaf sugar; when dissolved bottle it for use. 
 
 
650 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Dose. — For children, from 10 drops to a teaspoonful, according 
 to age; for adults, from 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls in a cup of warm tea. 
 The dose may be repeated once in four to six hours. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA OR INDIGESTION. 
 Wheat Bran for Indigestion.— One of the best remedies 
 for indigestion, and a very simple one, is to add a tablespoonful 
 of common wheat bran to a glass of hot water and drink it the 
 first thing in the morning. 
 
 For Dyspepsia. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of \]/ 2 drachms. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 2 
 
 Calcined Magnesia, heavy ^ 
 
 Rhubarb powdered y 2 
 
 Ammonia, Aromatic Spirits of 2 
 
 Peppermint, Essence of y 2 
 
 Dilute Hydrochloric Acid 10 drops. 
 
 Water, add to 6 ounces. 
 
 Mix all together. Shake before using. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 tablespoonfuls taken after meals. Smaller 
 doses may also be taken between meals, if necessary. 
 
 For Indigestion with Nausea and Vomiting. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 4 drops. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of iy 2 drachms. 
 
 Scale Pepsin (1 to 3000) - 1 " 
 
 Gum Arabic, powdered 1 " 
 
 Glycerine 1 ounce. 
 
 Cinnamon Water, enough to make 2 " 
 
 Mix together. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful after meals. Take a small dose between 
 meals if needed. Shake the bottle before taking. 
 
 For Indigestion. 
 
 Scale Pepsin ( 1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, pure y 2 " 
 
 Glycerine 2 ounces. 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 drachms. 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 
 
 For Dyspepsia with Flatulency, or Wind on the Stomach. 
 
 Magnesia, Sulphate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Potash Bicarbonate of 1%, " 
 
 Chloroform, Spirits of 1 " 
 
 Nux Vomica, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 15 drops. 
 
 Gentian Compound, Infusion of, add to... 6 ounces. 
 
 Mix and take 1 teaspoonful after meals. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 651 
 
 For Indigestion with Pain. 
 
 Scale Pepsin ( 1 to 3000) 2 drachms. 
 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid, pure y z ' 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of 6 ' 
 
 Fowler's Solution 2 " 
 
 Cascara, Aromatic 4 ' 
 
 Glycerine iy 2 ounces . 
 
 Simple Elixir, enough to make 4 " 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful at meal times. Shake the bottle 
 before taking. 
 
 EFFERVESCING DRINKS. 
 
 Effervescing Citrate of Magnesia. 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of 200 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 400 " 
 
 Water 10 ounces 
 
 Add all together in a porcelain basin. When effervescing ceases, 
 add the following: 
 
 Citric Acid, Syrup of 2 ounces. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 30 grains. 
 
 Drink while effervescing. This preparation is useful as an active 
 cathartic, is pleasant to the taste and perfectly harmless in its 
 effects. 
 
 If it is desired to keep this preparation, or to make more than the 
 amount given, make as above, and add all to 12 ounce bottles except 
 the Bicarbonate of Potash. Secure tightly fitting corks and a piece 
 of strong cord, and to each bottle add 30 grains of Bicarbonate of 
 Potash. Cork immediately, securing the corks with the cord to pre- 
 vent their being driven out by the gas. 
 
 For Fever Patients, or for Summer Use. — To make an effer- 
 vescing drink for persons suffering with fever, who always 
 desire an abundance of cooling drinks, or for common summer 
 use, take the carefully expressed and well strained juice of 
 Raspberries, Strawberries, Currants or other small fruits, 1 
 quart, and boil it into a syrup with 1 pound of pulverized 
 loaf sugar; to this add i T A ounces of Tartaric Acid, and when 
 cold put into a bottle and keep well corked. When required 
 for use, fill a half pint tumbler three-fourths full of cold water 
 and add 2 tablespoonfuls of the syrup. Then stir in briskly a 
 small teaspoonful of Bicarbonate of, Soda and a very delicious 
 drink will be formed; drink while effervescing. The color may 
 be improved by adding a very small portion of Cochineal to the 
 syrup at the time of boiling. 
 
 The same may be done by taking 2 or 3 oranges, or lemons, if 
 their flavors are preferred or if at seasons of the year when there 
 are no small fruits. Take 3 oranges, or lemons, pare with a 
 sharp knife and slice into water, 1 pint. Add sugar, 1 pound, 
 and boil into a syrup as above-. Strain and use in the same way. 
 
652 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Root Beer. 
 
 Sarsaparilla 1 pound. 
 
 Spice Wood % " 
 
 Guaiacum Chips y z " 
 
 Birch Bark % * 
 
 Ginger % ounce. 
 
 Sassafras 2 " 
 
 Prickly Ash Bark X " 
 
 Hops % 
 
 Boil for twelve hours over a moderate fire with sufficient water so 
 that the remainder shall measure 3 gallons, to which add 
 
 Ginger, Tincture of 4 ounces. 
 
 Wintergreen, Oil of % " 
 
 Alcohol - 1 pint. 
 
 This prevents fermentation. 
 
 EYES, INFLAflED, REMEDIES FOR. 
 
 Eye Salve. 
 
 Mercury, Yellow Oxide of 5 grains. 
 
 ZinCj Oxide of 3 " 
 
 Vaseline y 2 ounce. 
 
 Mix intimately and apply to the eyelids. 
 
 Eye Water. 
 
 White Vitriol.... 2 grains. 
 
 Alum 1 " 
 
 Common Table Salt, fine 3 " 
 
 Water , 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix together and drop in the eye several times a day. 
 
 Fomentation for Application to Inflamed Eyes. 
 
 Take White Poppy heads or Henbane leaves, simmer them in 
 water and spirits and apply. 
 
 Lime in the Eye — Rem,edy. 
 
 Quite often Lime gets into the eye of those who are working 
 with it. As soon as possible, drop in water made very sweet 
 with sugar. 
 
 FOMENTATIONS. 
 
 Fomentation to relieve pain and reduce inflammation resulting from 
 contusions, sprai?is y dislocations and other causes. Usually 
 employed in inflammation of the bowels. Beneficial in almost 
 every species of i?iflammation. 
 
 Hops 3 ounces. 
 
 Double Tansy 3 
 
 Wormwood 3 
 
 Horehound 3 
 
 Catnip 3 " 
 
 Put into a small sack, large enough to cover the part, place in a 
 kettle or pan on the stove, pour on water and boil to a strong decoc- 
 tion. Wring out the sack and apply hot. When cool, again dip 
 it into the decoction, wring out and apply as before. 
 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 65, 
 
 Poppy Fomentation for allaying pain. 
 
 Take White Poppy heads, or the flowers, a suitable quantity, add 
 equal quantities of vinegar and water and simmer for a few minutes. 
 Apply as above. 
 
 GARGLES. 
 For Sore Throat. 
 
 Sage Tea, strong ..... y 2 pint. 
 
 Honey, strained 2 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Salt 2 
 
 Vinegar 2 " 
 
 Mix, strain and bottle for use, gargling from four to a dozen 
 times daily, according to the severity of the case. 
 
 This is one of the very best gargles in use. 
 
 Gargle for Ulcerated Throat of long standing. 
 
 Sumach Berries 1 ounce. 
 
 Goldenseal 1 
 
 Water 1 pint. 
 
 Boil to make a decoction, strain, and add one drachm of pulverized 
 Alum to every pint. 
 
 HEADACHE REMEDIES. 
 
 Capsules for. 
 
 Caffeine 60 grains. 
 
 Phenacetine 1 20 " 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 400 " 
 
 Willow Charcoal 120 " 
 
 Mix and make into No. 2 capsules. Take one every hour until 
 improvement. 
 
 Powders for. 
 
 Acetanilid 30 grains. 
 
 Caffeine 5 " 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 30 " 
 
 Mix and divide into 10 powders. Take one every hour until 
 improvement. 
 
 Powders for. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 10 grains. 
 
 Caffeine 5 " 
 
 Acetanilid 30 " 
 
 Soda, Salicylate of 20 " 
 
 Mix and divide into 10 powders. Take one every hour until 
 improvement. 
 
 Effervescing Citrate of Caffeine for Headaches. 
 
 Caffeine, Citrate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Soda, Bicarbonate of 23 
 
 Tartaric Acid 12 " 
 
 Citric Acid 8 
 
 Granulated Sugar 5 
 
 The ingredients should be finely powdered and thoroughly mixed. 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful. 
 
654 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 KIDNEY REMEDIES. 
 
 A Kidney "Cure." 
 
 Buchu, Fluid Extract of 2 ounces. 
 
 Pareira Brava , Fluid Extract of 1 " 
 
 Stone Root, Fluid Extract of 1 " 
 
 Potash, Acetate of 1 " 
 
 Holland Gin, best 8 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 1 pint. 
 
 Mix all together, and take 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times 
 a day. 
 
 Diuretic Mixture to Increase the Action of the Kidneys. 
 
 Potash, Acetate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Nitre, Spirits of 3 " 
 
 Juniper, Spirits of 3 " 
 
 Squills, Acetate of 2 " 
 
 Digitalis, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Water, add to 6 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours, more or less often, 
 according to the urgency of the case. 
 
 Decoction for Gravel, Dropsy, etc. 
 
 Queen of the Meadow 2 ounces. 
 
 Milkweed 2 
 
 Juniper Berries 2 
 
 Dwarf Elder 2 
 
 Spearmint 2 
 
 Wild Carrot Seed 2 
 
 Put all into a mortar and bruise. Make a strong decoction. 
 Dose. — Half a pint to be taken often through the day. 
 
 Pills for Dropsy. 
 
 Jalap, pulverized 1 scruple. 
 
 Scammony 1 " 
 
 Gamboge „. 1 " 
 
 Add mucilage of Gum Arabic sufficient to form into 16 pills. 
 
 Dose. — One every hour or two. 
 
 Note. — This pill has cured cases of dropsy, and may be given 
 when other means fail. 
 
 Pills for Gravel. 
 
 Soda, Carbonate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Castile Soap 2 " 
 
 Juniper, Oil of, sufficient quantity 
 
 Form a mass and divide into 60 pills. 
 Dose. — Three pills three or four times a day. 
 
 LAXOL. 
 
 This is a preparation of pure Castor Oil with a little flavoring 
 to disguise the taste. It is an elegant preparation, can be taken 
 without any inconvenience and never causes nausea, but on the 
 other hand may be taken in cases of biliousness and other 
 derangements of the digestive organs. It is a proprietary 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 655 
 
 preparation, put up in small bottles which sell for 25 cents each. 
 
 The Castor Oil contains a little Saccharine - the sweet principle 
 
 of sugar — and a trace of Cinnamon Oil. We have never made 
 
 this preparation, but the following amounts of Saccharine and 
 
 oils will be found nearly correct. More or less may be added as 
 
 desired: 
 
 Castor Oil 8 ounces. 
 
 Saccharine % grain. 
 
 Cinnamon, Oil of 1 or 2 drops. 
 
 Dose. — The dose is the same as of the ordinary Castor Oil — from a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful. If the spoon is first dipped in milk, 
 the oil will not stick to it. 
 
 LIME WATER, TO MAKE. 
 
 Get a hard piece of lime, of the kind that plasterers use, 
 about half as large as a hen's egg. Put it into a porcelain or 
 granite-lined basin and add a little water. After a few minutes 
 the lime will begin to crack open. Now add a little more water, 
 and after the lime falls to pieces add as much water as desired, 
 say 1 pint. Stir well, allow the lime to settle, then pour off the 
 clear water. The object of this is to get rid of any impurities 
 that might be contained in the lime. Now add another pint of 
 water, stir as before and allow it to settle. Repeat the stirring 
 once or twice and it will be ready for use. Only a very small 
 percentage of the lime is taken up by the water. The balance 
 remains at the bottom. In using, pour off carefully and avoid 
 stirring up the sediment. 
 
 It will be noticed that fresh Lime Water is advised. The 
 reason for this is that Lime Water does not keep long. The 
 oxygen of the air unites with the lime, forming Oxide of Lime. 
 Oxide of Lime is insoluble and settles to the bottom, and the 
 water continues to absorb impurities from the air, soon becoming 
 unfit for use. Again, there is more or less decomposition of the 
 vegetable products which are nearly always present to a greater 
 or less extent. If kept in a tightly covered fruit can or in a 
 tightly corked bottle, it will, of course, keep longer; but even 
 then frequent exposure, as in preparing a baby's food, will 
 sooner or later bring about the results mentioned. 
 
 Those using Lime Water should obtain from a druggist a 
 few strips of red litmus paper and make frequent tests of the 
 water to see that no change has taken place. To do this, simply 
 dip one of the strips of paper into the water, and if the red color 
 is immediately changed to a deep blue, it is evidence that the 
 water is all right; if this change does not take place, the 
 preparation should be thrown away. 
 
656 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 LINIMENTS. 
 
 British Oil, for general use. 
 
 Turpentine, Oil of 4 ounces. 
 
 Linseed or Flaxseed, Oil of 4 " 
 
 Amber, Oil of 2 4< 
 
 Juniper, Oil of 2 drachms. 
 
 Petroleum \y z ounces. 
 
 Senega Oil y 2 ounce. 
 
 Put all together into a bottle and shake thoroughly. This direction is 
 applicable in the preparation of any liniment. 
 
 Brown's Liniment, for general purposes. 
 
 Gum Camphor % ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 4 " 
 
 Linseed Oil 4 " 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 4 " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 4 " 
 
 Capsicum, Tincture of 4 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 4 " 
 
 Very valuable. 
 
 Camphorated Oil, for Counter-irritant Purposes. 
 
 Olive Oil. 1 pint. 
 
 Camphor 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and dissolve by gentle heat. 
 
 In chronic rheumatism, sore throat, inflammation of the lungs, 
 etc., this will be found a very powerful counter-irritant, or external 
 stimulant, drawing the blood to the surface, and may be used over 
 the chest in acute colds and in all other conditions where a counter- 
 irritant is needed. 
 
 Camphor Liniment, for Whooping Cough, Bronchial Affec- 
 tions, etc. 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of 2 ounces. 
 
 Laudanum y z " 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 1 " 
 
 Castile Soap, in powder % " 
 
 Alcohol 3 " 
 
 Set in a warm place for two or three days, and then if the soap is 
 not all dissolved, strain it. 
 
 In bad cases of whooping cough, and for chronic bronchial affec- 
 tions, it may be applied warm to the throat chest and spine. 
 
 Cram's Fluid Lightning Liniment. 
 
 Mustard, Essential Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Cajeput, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 1 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Ether % ounce. 
 
 Opium, Tincture of 6 drachms. 
 
 Alcohol 10 ounces. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 657 
 
 Giles* Iodide of Ammonia Liniment. 
 
 Iodide Crystals 30 grains. 
 
 Camphor Gum % ounce. 
 
 Rosemary, Oil of X " 
 
 Lavender, Oil of % " 
 
 Ammonia, Water of 2 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the Iodine in the Alcohol, add the Camphor Gum, then 
 the oils, then add the Water of Ammonia. 
 
 Lethian Liniment, to relieve pain in swellings, rheumatism, 
 
 bruises ', pains, sore throat, etc. 
 
 Turpentine Soap 1 ounce. 
 
 Gum Camphor 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 1 quart. 
 
 Put into a jug or bottle and stand in the hot sun, or a warm 
 place, for two weeks, then add 
 
 Chloroform 2 drachms. 
 
 Shake often while cooling. Bottle. 
 
 JSiote. — If there is any difficulty in getting Turpentine Soap, take 
 nice, white bar soap and add Oil of Turpentine, 1 ounce, with 
 Camphor as above. 
 
 Soap Liniment, for the same uses as the Lethian Liniment 
 above. 
 
 White Bar Soap 2 ounces. 
 
 Camphor Gum 1 " 
 
 Rosemary, Oil of 3 drachms. 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 2 " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia (3 F's strong) 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1% pints. 
 
 Shave the soap fine and put into the Alcohol and keep in a warm 
 place until the soap is dissolved, then add the other articles and put 
 into wide-mouthed bottles. It cools to a soapy, half solid mass. 
 
 Stimulating Liniment, for external or internal use. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 1 ounce. 
 
 Wormwood, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Camphor Gum 1 " 
 
 Cayenne, powdered 1 " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, cork, and shake daily for a week. 
 
 Dose. — Taken internally, the dose for an adult is from 10 to 30 
 drops, according to the severity of the pain. 
 
 Scarret's Liniment or Black Oil, for Fistula, etc. 
 
 Currier's Oil 5 ounces. 
 
 Oil of Spike 3 
 
 Vitriol, Oil of (Sulphuric Acid) 2 
 
 Directions. — This liniment will be of a dark or black color. An 
 old pitcher is a good thing to mix the ingredients in, so that it can 
 be poured into a bottle handily after mixing. First put in the Cur- 
 rier's Oil and Oil of Spike together, then from time to time put 
 
 42 
 
658 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 in a little only of the Oil of Vitriol; if all is put in at once it may 
 foam over, or may break the pitcher or bottle in which it is made. 
 
 To apply to a fistula, dip a piece of cotton into the liniment and 
 press it into the opening. This treatment should be repeated night 
 and morning. 
 
 Stoke's Liniment, for general use. 
 
 Turpentine, Oil of iy ounces. 
 
 Acetic Acid \y 2 " 
 
 Yolk of one Egg. 
 
 Lemon, Oil of 20 drops. 
 
 Rosewater, add to ^. 8 ounces. 
 
 White Liniment, thick, for general use. 
 
 Sweet Oil 2 ounces. 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 1 " 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of % " 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of % " 
 
 For Inflammatory Rheumatism, Gout, Quinsy, White Swelling, 
 Inflamed Breasts, etc. 
 
 Hemlock, Oil of 1 ounce. 
 
 Gum Camphor y z " 
 
 GumOpium y 2 " 
 
 Alcohol 1 quart. 
 
 For Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Sprains, etc. 
 
 Sassafras Oil 2 drachms. 
 
 Hemlock Oil 1 
 
 Red Cedar Oil 1 
 
 Turpentine Oil 1 " 
 
 Gum Camphor 1 " 
 
 Capsicum, pulverized 1 <: 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Mix. put all into a jug, and keep warm for five or six days, 
 frequently shaking it until dissolved; then strain. 
 
 Bathe parts often and rub well in with tjie hand. 
 
 lor Diseases of the Throat and Tonsils. 
 
 Castile Soap % ounce. 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Camphor y 2 
 
 Hartshorn, Spirits of 1 " 
 
 Alcohol, enough to make 8 " 
 
 fror Inflammatory Stiff Necks and Sore Throats. 
 
 Laudanum 1 drachm. 
 
 Camphor Gum 1 " 
 
 Castile Soap, scraped fine 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 4 ounces. 
 
 Put all together into a bottle and shake occasionally until dis- 
 solved. 
 
MISCBLLANBOUS MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 659 
 
 For Chronic and Deep- Seated Pains, Acute Colds or Inflammation 
 of the Lungs. 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 1 ounce. 
 
 CrotonOil y z 
 
 Olive Oil 1 " 
 
 A powerful counter-irritant. May blister. 
 
 For White and Glandular Swellings. 
 
 Henbane, Extract of y 2 drachm. 
 
 White Soap 2 " 
 
 Linseed Oil 6 ounces. 
 
 LIVER HEDICINES. 
 
 For Liver Stimulant. 
 
 Dilute Nitrohydrochloric Acid 2 drachms. 
 
 Dandelion, Fluid Extract of l / z ounce. 
 
 Nux Vomica, Tincture of 2 drachms. 
 
 Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 
 
 Senna, Tincture of 1 ounce. 
 
 Gentian Compound, Infusion of, add to... 8 " 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Dose. — One tablespoonful four times a day, or oftener if neces- 
 sary. 
 
 For Liver Stimulant. 
 
 Dilute Nitrohydrochloric Acid 1 x / 2 drachms. 
 
 Podophyllin (Mandrake), Tincture of 80 drops. 
 
 Dandelion, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 
 
 Nux Vomica, Tincture of 80 drops. 
 
 Ginger, Syrup of 1 ounce. 
 
 Chloroform Water, add to 8 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 4 teaspoonfuls three times a day. 
 
 For Liver Invigorator. 
 
 Senna, powdered 4 ounces. 
 
 Mandrake, powdered 1 ' 
 
 Rhubarb, powdered 1 " 
 
 Jalap, powdered 1 '' 
 
 Cloves, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Peppermint, Oil of l / z 
 
 Alcohol 2 pints. 
 
 Water 1 
 
 Place the drugs in a bottle, mix the Alcohol and water and pour 
 on. Let stand for ten days, shaking frequently, then strain or filter 
 the liquid and add 1 pound of sugar. Dissolve without heat. More 
 or less sugar may be added as desired. 
 
 Dose. — Teaspoonful, more or less, four times a day. 
 
 MILK OR WATER, BOILED. 
 
 During the past few years public opinion has been led to 
 believe that boiled or scalded milk and boiled water are better 
 than milk or water that has not been boiled. This applies 
 
660 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 especially to the feeding of infants and invalids. Such teaching 
 is the result of certain theories that have evolved from what is 
 often called " laboratory science," so-called because they are 
 worked out in some laboratory with the aid of a test tube, micro- 
 scope, etc. At the present time this theory is being opposed by 
 many able men, as well as many noted physicians. The latter 
 now claim that boiling milk not only renders it less valuable to 
 the system, but that it is one of the great causes of scrofula and 
 other diseases of a like nature. We deem it but fair to state both 
 sides of the question, and those who then wish to boil the water 
 and boil or sterilize the milk may do so. Personally, we believe 
 that boiling milk interferes with its digestion, absorption and 
 assimilation. We believe this because Nature designed milk to 
 be drank in its natural state, and no amount of boiling or other 
 artificial work can improve on Nature. Again, the fact that 
 most people dislike boiled milk is strong evidence that boiling is 
 a detriment and not a benefit. 
 
 In regard to boiling water, it should be remembered that boil- 
 ing does not remove poisonous nor foreign matter of any kind. On 
 the contrary, boiling will hasten decomposition of any and all 
 organic matter, animal or vegetable. During the process of 
 decomposition there are many poisonous gases and many other 
 poisonous substances produced, and these taken into the system 
 only add to the danger. Many suppose that pure water may be 
 obtained by melting ice. This is not true. Every one has seen 
 pebbles, leaves, twigs from the branches of trees and many other 
 substances in ice. In like manner other kinds of foreign matter 
 and filth of all kinds may be and undoubtedly are often present. 
 When the ice melts, the foreign matter begins to decompose. 
 Boil the water and you will hasten decomposition, as stated. 
 
 NEURALGIA REMEDIES. 
 
 For many years the following formulae of Dr. Brown-Sequard 
 and Dr. Gross have been famous in the treatment of neuralgia. 
 They are relied upon by many physicians in treating this 
 troublesome disease, and especially if the case is severe: 
 
 Brown-Sequard's Neuralgic Pills. 
 
 Each pill contains the following: 
 
 Hyoscyamus, Extract of % grain. 
 
 Conium, Extract of % 
 
 Ignatia, Extract of l /z 
 
 Opium, Extract of x /t 
 
 Aconite Leaves, Extract of yi 
 
 Stramonium, Extract of \ 
 
 Indian Hemp, Extract of % 
 
 Belladonna, Alcoholic Extract of j- 
 
 Dose.— One every three or four hours until improvement. 
 
MISCBLLANBOUS MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 66 1 
 
 Gross' Neuralgic Pills. 
 
 Each pill contains the following: 
 
 Quinine, Sulphate of 2 grains. 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of jfo 
 
 Strychnine, Sulphate of sV " 
 
 Arsenious Acid s^ 
 
 Aconite Leaves, Extract of ]/ 2 " 
 
 Dose. — One every three or four hours until improvement. 
 
 Neuralgia Liniment. 
 
 Alcohol y 2 ounce. 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of % " 
 
 Sulphuric Ether % 
 
 Laudanum y 2 " 
 
 Camphor Gum }4 " 
 
 Cloves, Oil of )i 
 
 Lavender, Oil of % " 
 
 Mix, and keep corked. 
 
 This will be found a very valuable liniment for neuralgic pains. 
 If the pain is not relieved by rubbing it on, wet a piece of brown 
 paper with it and hold against the affected part as long as can be 
 done without blistering. For decaying and painful teeth, apply 
 with lint and rub upon the gums. For internal pains, as of colic, 
 pains in the stomach, etc., take from 10 to 30 drops in a little 
 sweetened water, or spirits and water, according to the severity of 
 the pain, and repeat in fifteen to thirty minutes if necessary, or until 
 relieved. 
 
 Ointment for Neuralgia. 
 
 Hgg, White of 1 drachm. 
 
 Rhigolene 4 ounces. 
 
 Peppermint, Oil of 2 " 
 
 Collodion 1 
 
 Chloroform 1 " 
 
 Shake occasionally for twenty-four hours, which will harden the 
 mass so that it will retain its consistency and hold the ingredients 
 intimately blended for months. 
 
 "It will relieve facial or other neuralgia almost instantaneously." 
 — Georgia Medical Companion. 
 
 Night Sweats — To Relieve. — After agues, fevers, etc., and 
 in consumption, many persons are troubled with night sweats. 
 They are caused by weakness or general debility. For their 
 relief take the following: 
 
 Tansy, Essence of % ounce. 
 
 Alcohol % 
 
 Water % 
 
 Quinine 15 grains. 
 
 Muriatic Acid, pure 15 drops. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful in a gill of cold Sage tea, which should 
 be taken two or three times during the day and at bedtime. The 
 cold Sage tea should be used freely as a drink also until cured. 
 
662 FA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 OINTMENTS. 
 
 Carbolic Ointment. 
 
 Vaseline 2 ounces. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 
 
 Mix thoroughly. 
 
 Elder Flower Ointment and Oil. — Melt lard at the lowest 
 possible temperature at which it assumes the fluid form, and 
 introduce into it as many Elder flowers as the melted lard will 
 cover. Steep them at the above temperature for twelve hours, 
 and then strain off the lard through a piece of linen without the 
 least pressure. By this means an ointment will be made when 
 the lard is cold that is valuable in scalds and burns, and also 
 in the treatment of erysipelas, etc. The manner of making it is 
 applicable to making any ointment of flowers. 
 
 Mayer's German or Compound Lead Ointment, for 
 
 Cuts, Wounds, Ulcers and Skin Diseases. 
 
 Olive Oil iy z ounces. 
 
 White Turpentine 4 drachms. 
 
 Beeswax 2 " 
 
 Butter, unsalted 2 " 
 
 Honey 6 
 
 Red Lead 1 ounce. 
 
 Camphor, powdered 4 drachms. 
 
 Melt the Beeswax, White Turpentine, butter and Olive Oil 
 together and strain. Then heat them nearly to the boiling point 
 and gradually add the Red Lead, stirring the mixture constantly 
 until it becomes black, or brown, then remove from the fire, and 
 when it is somewhat cool, add to it the honey and Camphor, pre- 
 viously mixed together. 
 
 The Germans call this ointment Zusammengesetzte Bleisable. 
 
 Spermaceti Ointment, for Chabs, Chafings, Dressing 
 Blisters, etc. 
 
 Spermaceti 3 drachms. 
 
 White Wax 1 
 
 Olive Oil 1% ounces. 
 
 Melt over a gentle fire and stir until cool. Applied in any of the 
 above cases, and to any irritable surfaces. It is not an ointment for 
 long keeping, hence is made in small quantities at a time. 
 
 Chilbains, Ointment for. 
 
 Compound Turpentine Liniment 3 ounces. 
 
 Soap Liniment 3 " 
 
 Laudanum 1 " 
 
 Camphor Liniment 1 " 
 
 Mix together and apply locally. 
 
grains. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 663 
 
 Chilblains, Ointment for. 
 
 Lanolin 1 ounce. 
 
 Vaseline 2 drachms. 
 
 Cajeput, Oil of 2 " 
 
 BoricAcid 2 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 20 
 
 Camphor 40 
 
 Mix intimately and apply. 
 
 For Frost Bites, Chilblains, etc. 
 
 Henbane Leaves, fresh y 2 pound. 
 
 Stramonium Leaves % " 
 
 Bittersweet Leaves ^ " 
 
 Elder Bark y 2 " 
 
 Lard 2 " 
 
 Mix, heat all together for two hours and strain. 
 
 For Painful Local Affections. 
 
 Balm-of-Gilead Buds, fresh 4 ounces. 
 
 Henbane Leaves 1 
 
 Poppy Petals 1 
 
 Belladonna Leaves 1 
 
 Bittersweet Leaves 1 
 
 Lard 12 
 
 Mix, and heat all together till the moisture has evaporated. 
 
 For Herpetic Affections, or Shingles. 
 
 Yellow Dock Roots 1 ounce. 
 
 Scabious 1 " 
 
 Swamp Sassafras 1 ' 
 
 Boil down strong, add 1 pound of laid and simmer down to an 
 ointment. 
 
 For Salt Rheum and Herpetic Affections. 
 
 White Turpentine y 2 pound. 
 
 Butter, unsalted y, " 
 
 Olive Oil t ounce. 
 
 Beeswax 2 " 
 
 Indian Turnip 1 " 
 
 White Lily Leaves 1 " 
 
 Plantain Leaves 1 " 
 
 Bruise the leaves and roots and slowly simmer them in spirits in 
 an earthen vessel, which should be lightly covered; then strain, 
 and when nearly cold add 2 drachms of yellow Ochre. 
 
 For Piles, Salt Rheum and Herpetic Affections. 
 
 Tobacco, cut fine y. pound. 
 
 Cover with spirits, and add 
 
 Lard 1 
 
 Simmer over a moderate fire until the herb is a little crisped, 
 then remove and strain. 
 
 Note. — One of the best pile ointments in use. 
 
664 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 For Salt Rheum and other Skin Affections, also Chronic Ophthalmia, 
 
 Fresh Butter 3 ounces. 
 
 White or Yellow Wax y 2 " 
 
 Red Precipitate 2^ drachms. 
 
 Putty, prepared, or pure Zinc pulverized.. 1 '■ 
 
 Melt, and mix all the other articles, and then add 
 
 Camphor, dissolved in Olive Oil 1 drachm. 
 
 For Piles, Itch, Tetter, Salt Rheum. 
 
 Lard or fresh Butter 1 pound. 
 
 Sulphur 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix together and stir till cold. 
 
 For Scrofulous Ulcers, Scald Head, Itch. 
 
 Tobacco, best quality 1 ounce. 
 
 Yellow Dock 4 
 
 Wood Soot 4 
 
 Butter, unsal ted 4 " 
 
 Tar 4 
 
 Camphor, Spirits of 2 
 
 Boil the tobacco, dock and soot in 2 gallons of water down to 1 
 gallon; then strain off and boil down to 1 quart. Add the butter 
 and tar, and simmer over a fire of coals down to 1^ pints; then add 
 the Camphor and stir till cold. 
 
 For Ulcers. 
 
 Verdigris 5 drachms. 
 
 Honey, purified 16 " 
 
 Vinegar, strong 7 " 
 
 Alum, burnt % " 
 
 Mix, and melt by" gentle heat, stirring occasionally. 
 
 For Itch. 
 
 Sulphur, fine 1 ounce. 
 
 Venice Turpentine 1 ' 
 
 Lard y 2 pound. 
 
 Melt the lard and Turpentine, then add the Sulphur and stir till 
 cold. Let it be applied two or three times a day. 
 
 For Sprains, Contusions, Dislocations, Swellings, Contracted Sinews, 
 etc. 
 
 Double Tansy 1 omice. 
 
 Wormwood 1 " 
 
 Horehound 1 " 
 
 Catnip 1 
 
 Hops 1 
 
 Bruise these and put them into a kettle, cover over with spirits 
 and lard and let stand for two weeks; then simmer awhile and 
 strain. Add 1 ounce of common Turpentine to every ounce of the 
 ointment. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 665 
 
 Pile Ointment. 
 
 Tannic Acid 20 grains. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of 40 " 
 
 Carbolic Acid 20 drops. 
 
 Morphine, Sulphate of 16 grains. 
 
 Vaseline 2 ounces. 
 
 Apply locally. 
 
 Pile Ointment. 
 
 Nut Galls, powdered 80 grains. 
 
 Opium, powdered 40 " 
 
 Mix intimately and add enough Vaseline to make 1 ounce. 
 Apply locally once or twice a day. 
 
 Pile Ointment. — A patent was granted in 1844 (expired in 
 1868) to Wm. W. Riley, of Mansfield, 0., for the cure of piles, 
 as follows: 
 
 Flour of Sulphur 2 ounces 
 
 Nut Galls, powdered 1 " 
 
 Opium, powdered 1 grain. 
 
 Intimately mix with lard until the proper consistence is obtained. 
 
 To be applied night and morning to the parts. A course of general 
 treatment should be pursued that will restore general health, and 
 especially overcome any tendency to constipation. 
 
 Ointment to Drive Away Swellings, Tumors, etc. 
 
 Bittersweet, Bark of the Root 1 ounce. 
 
 Stramonium Leaves 1 " 
 
 Water Hemlock Leaves 1 " 
 
 Belladonna Leaves 1 " 
 
 Yellow Dock Root 1 " 
 
 Poke Root 1 " 
 
 Venice Turpentine 1 " 
 
 Alcohol ]/z pint. 
 
 Water >£ 
 
 Lard Yz pound. 
 
 Bruise all of the roots and put into a suitable kettle for stewing; 
 then put on the Alcohol and sufficient of the water to cover all of the 
 articles well, and keep them moderately hot for twelve hours; then 
 add the lard and increase and continue the heat until the roots and 
 leaves are all crisped; then strain and add the Venice Turpentine, 
 and keep it well stirred while cooling. The spirits are necessary to 
 obtain all the properties of the articles. 
 
 Apply freely to any indolent swelling of the glands, or enlarging 
 tumors, two or three times daily. Cover the parts with cotton, 
 keeping it in place by bandaging; or otherwise, heat it in thor- 
 oughly for half an hour each time by means of a hot iron, or by the 
 stove. Probably the most would be absorbed by covering it with 
 the cotton and bandaging. It is reported to have cured even goiter. 
 
666 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Pain Killer, for Bilious Colic and other Internal Pains. 
 
 Alcohol i pint. 
 
 Opium 2 drachms. 
 
 Gum Camphor y 2 ounce. 
 
 Gum Arabic y z " 
 
 Gum Guaiac y 2 " 
 
 Balsam of Fir y » 
 
 Balsam of Copaiba y 2 «■ 
 
 Mix, and shake occasionally until all is dissolved. 
 Dose. — From %. to I teaspoonful, according to the severity of the 
 pain. 
 
 Painters* or Lead Paralysis of the Wrists — to Avoid. — 
 Experience has shown that what is called lead paralysis, or loss 
 of motion of the wrist- joints among painters, is largely owing to 
 the habit they have of washing the hands in Turpentine to 
 remove the paint. This dissolves the lead, zinc, etc., allowing 
 it to be more freely absorbed than would otherwise occur; there- 
 fore, to avoid the paralysis, avoid the Turpentine. 
 
 Palpitation of the Heart, Immediate and Permanent 
 Relief. — Hall's Journal of Health says that a lady of forty years 
 who had been troubled for twelve years with periodical palpita- 
 tion of the heart, found immediate and permanent relief in the 
 use of soda water sold at soda fountains. The water is better 
 drank clear, or containing but very little syrup. 
 
 Perspiration, Odor from. — This very great source of annoy- 
 ance may be entirely removed as follows: 
 
 Mix a tablespoonful of the Compound Spirits of Ammonia in 
 a small basin of water. By washing the arms, arm-pits and 
 hands with this solution the skin will be left wholesome. It is 
 cheap and harmless, and is much preferable to the perfumes and 
 unguents which disguise the odor but do not correct the 
 cause. 
 
 PILLS. 
 
 For Dinner Pills. 
 
 Aloes 4 ounces. 
 
 Jalap 4 " 
 
 Rhubarb i " 
 
 Wormwood, Syrup of, sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix, and divide into 3-grain pills. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 4 may be taken through the day. 
 
 Chapman's Dinner Pills. 
 
 Bach pill contains the following: 
 
 Aloes iM grains. 
 
 Mastic i l A " 
 
 Ipecac 1 
 
 Fennel, Oil of * l / 2 drop. 
 
 Dose. — One pill after dinner. 
 
 These will be found very satisfactory in many cases of constipation. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 667 
 
 For Dyspepsia, to Give Tone to the Stomachy and Obstructed Menses. 
 
 Socotrine Aloes 4 drachms. 
 
 Castile Soap 2 " 
 
 Colocynth 2 " 
 
 Gamboge 2 " 
 
 Gentian, Extract of 4 " 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 2 drops. 
 
 Mix, and form into pills of the ordinary size. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2, morning and evening, according to the way 
 they operate. 
 
 For Regulating and Strengthening the Stomach and Bowels. 
 
 Compound Rhubarb Pill Mass x / z ounce. 
 
 Boneset, Extract of x / 2 u 
 
 Mandrake, pulverized % " 
 
 Ginger, pure, pulverized fa ' 
 
 Mix, and form into pills of the ordinary size. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 to be taken morning and evening. 
 
 For Constipation, Deficiency of Bile, etc. 
 
 Inspissated Ox-Gall 1 drachm. 
 
 Gum Ammonia 1 " 
 
 Rhubarb, powdered 1 " 
 
 Mix into mass and form pills of 2 grains each. 
 Dose. — Five a day. 
 
 For Liver Complaint, Jaundice and Affections of the Kidneys. 
 
 Dandelion, Extract of 1 drachm. 
 
 Mandrake, pulverized 1 " 
 
 Blood Root, pulverized 1 " 
 
 Add a few drops of essential oil (Peppermint or Spearmint), and 
 form the mass into pills of the common size. 
 
 Dose. — Take three night and morning. 
 
 For Coughs, Colds, Bronchial Affections, etc. 
 
 Henbane, Extract of % ounce. 
 
 Canada Balsam y z " 
 
 Ipecac % " 
 
 Balm-of-Gilead Buds , Extract of % 
 
 Mix thoroughly together, add a few drops of the Oil of Anise, 
 and form into pills of the ordinary size. 
 
 Dose.— One or 2 taken three or four times a day. 
 
 For Painful Nervous Affections. 
 
 Stramonium, Extract of 2 grains. 
 
 Henbane, Extract of 6 " 
 
 Hops, Extract of >£ drachm. 
 
 Mix, and divide into 12 pills. 
 
 Dose. — Give 1 every four hours, or until the pain subsides. 
 
 For Venereal and Skin Diseases. 
 
 Gold and Sodium , Chloride of 1 grain. 
 
 Mezereon, Extract of 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix, and form into 60 pills. 
 
 Dose. — One pill a day may be given. 
 
668 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 PLASTERS. 
 
 For Strengthening Plaster. 
 
 Turpentine 4 ounces. 
 
 Resin sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mutton Tallow " " 
 
 Vinegar «« " 
 
 For Strengthening Plaster. 
 
 Henbane, Extract of 1 ounce. 
 
 Cicuta, Extract of 1 " 
 
 Lead, Iodide of %. 
 
 Warm trie extracts, then add the Lead and incorporate well 
 together. Spread on a small piece of leather and apply to the parts, 
 occasionally renewing it. 
 
 For Strengthening Plaster. 
 
 Yellow Resin 8 ounces. 
 
 Beeswax 2 " 
 
 Cayenne Pepper 2 " 
 
 Spirits 1 pint. 
 
 Simmer the pepper (enclosed in a linen bag) in the spirits and 
 strain. Melt the other articles together, add the tincture, simmer 
 till the spirits are nearly evaporated, remove from the fire, and when 
 nearly cold add 
 
 Gum Camphor 2 ounces. 
 
 Oil of Sassafras 3 drachms. 
 
 For Obstinate Ulcers. 
 
 Tar, thick y 2 pound. 
 
 Gum Turpentine X " 
 
 Burgundy Pitch % " 
 
 Beeswax % 
 
 Melt, strain, and boil a few minutes; then remove from the fire, 
 and, as it cools, stir in the following articles, finely pulverized, 
 mixed and sifted, viz.: 3 ounces each of Poke Root, Mandrake, 
 Blood Root and Indian Turnip. Stir it occasionally till the 
 whole mass is well incorporated. 
 
 Directions. — Spread on a piece of soft leather and place over the 
 part affected. Keep it on as long as it can be borne, then remove, 
 and put it on again in a day or two. If the itching proves too 
 troublesome, occasionally remove the plaster and wash the parts 
 with spirits. 
 
 For Rheumatism, Cuts, Ulcers, etc. 
 
 White Resin 12 ounces. 
 
 Beeswax 1 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 1 " 
 
 Mutton Tallow 1 " 
 
 Melt these together and add: 
 
 Olive Oil Yt. ounce. 
 
 Camphor x / z 
 
 West India Rum 1 gill. 
 
 Sassafras Oil x /z ounce. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 669 
 
 When the latter articles have been incorporated with the former 
 let the whole be poured into a vessel of water and kneaded with the 
 hands until it is cold. In certain seasons and climates a little solu- 
 tion of Resin or of Olive Oil is required to render it of the proper 
 consistence. 
 
 For Scrofulous, Cancerous and Hard Tumors. 
 
 The following is a very effective extract or plaster for scrofulous 
 cancerous and hard tumors. It may be rubbed upon the parts 
 affected, or a plaster of it applied: 
 
 Poke Root, Expressed Juice of l / 2 gallon. 
 
 Gunpowder 1 gill. 
 
 L,ard y 2 pint. 
 
 Simmer to the consistence of honey or molasses. 
 
 POULTICES. 
 
 Poultices should always be applied as hot as can be borne, 
 and changed often enough to maintain a uniform temperature. 
 
 For General Inflammation , and especially of the Eyes. 
 
 Wheat Bread, stale sufficient quantity. 
 
 Milk or Water to moisten. 
 
 Soak the bread a short time in the milk or water and apply. 
 
 For Inflammation of the Eyes. 
 
 Common Potato, boiled and mashed soft., sufficient quantity. 
 Slippery Elm Bark " 
 
 Mix, and form a poultice. 
 
 For removing Inflammatio?i in painful diseases, such as Pleu?isy, 
 Inflammatory Rheumatism, etc. 
 
 Lobelia, in powder 4 ounces. 
 
 Slippery Elm Bark 4 " 
 
 Ginger 4 " 
 
 Whiskey, or other Spirits sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix, and make into a poultice. 
 
 For Ulcerated Sores and Swellings of all ki?ids. 
 
 Garden Carrots, boiled and bruised 1 pound. 
 
 Flour 1 ounce. 
 
 Butter x /z ounce. 
 
 Mix, and make into a poultice. 
 
 For Scrofulous and Ulcerated Sores and Swellings. 
 
 Garden Carrot Roots 1 pound. 
 
 Wash them clean, scrape down to a pulp and apply. 
 
 For Rheumatism, Gout, Inflammatory Diseases, Fevers, etc. 
 
 Mustard, in powder 4 ounces. 
 
 Soft Bread, or Indian Meal 6 
 
 Vinegar sufficient quantity. 
 
 Mix, and make into a poultice. 
 
670 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 POWDERS. 
 
 For Heartburn. 
 
 Quassia, pulverized >£ scruple. 
 
 Rhubarb y 2 " 
 
 Calcined Magnesia 1 " 
 
 Mix, form a powder and divide it into twelve equal parts. 
 
 Dose. — Three powders a day. 
 
 For Hydragogue Purgative i?i Dropsy. 
 
 Jalap, pulverized 2 drachms. 
 
 Cream of Tartar 1 
 
 Mix, and divide into 12 powders. 
 
 Dose. — One powder every four hours, if needed. 
 
 For Diarrhea. 
 
 Rhubarb, powdered sufficient quantity. 
 
 Place in a shallow iron dish over the fire and brown, stirring con- 
 stantly to prevent scorching. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 10 grains every two hours, or less often. 
 
 For Colds, Pain in the Stomach and Bowels, and to Promote Perspi- 
 ration. 
 
 Bayberry 2 ounces. 
 
 Ginger 1 " 
 
 Cayenne Pepper 2 drachms. 
 
 Cloves 2 " 
 
 Pulverize finely and mix well. 
 
 Dose. — One-third teaspoonful in y 2 glass of hot water every half 
 hour until pain is relieved or until perspiration is produced. 
 
 For Piles and Skin Eruptions. 
 
 Flowers of Sulphur y 2 ounce. 
 
 Cream of Tartar t " 
 
 Mix with molasses. 
 
 Dose. — A teaspoonful four or five times a day. 
 
 RHEUMATISM AND GOUT REMEDIES. 
 
 For Rheumatism. 
 
 Salicylic Acid 3 drachms. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 160 grains. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Buchu, Fluid Extract of 1 ounce. 
 
 Gelsemium, Fluid Extract of 1 drachm. 
 
 Cimicifuga, Fluid Extract of 2 " 
 
 Alcohol 1 ounce. 
 
 Glycerine 3 " 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 8 
 
 Mix all together and take teaspoonful every two hours until 
 improvement, then less often. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 671 
 
 Liniment for Rheumatism. 
 
 Ammonia, Water of 2 ounces. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Camphor Gum l / z ounce. 
 
 Chloroform 1 " 
 
 Ether % 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 1 drachm. 
 
 Alcohol 8 ounces. 
 
 Camphorated Oil Liniment (very powerful) for Rheumatism. 
 
 Camphorated Oil 2 ounces. 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of 2 " 
 
 Laudanum 1 " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 1 " 
 
 Shake well. 
 
 This will be found valuable in rheumatic pains of the loins, or for 
 any chronic form of rheumatism about the joints. 
 
 For Rheumatism and Gout. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 5 drachms. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of iy z " 
 
 Soda, Salicylate of 2^ " 
 
 Colchicum, Wine of 4 " 
 
 Buchu, Infusion of, add to 8 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful four to six times a day. 
 
 Liniment for Rheumatism a?id Gout. 
 
 Camphor Gum 2 ounces. 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Hemlock, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Sassafras, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Cajeput, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of x / 2 tl 
 
 Chloroform y 2 " 
 
 Ether % 
 
 Alcohol add to 1 pint. 
 
 For Gout. 
 
 Soda, Salicylate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 2 " 
 
 Potash, Carbonate of 2 " 
 
 Cascara, Aromatic 2 ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir, add to 4 " 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls every two hours. 
 
 For Gout. 
 
 Potash, Bicarbonate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Potash, Iodide of 1 
 
 Soda, Salicylate of 1 " 
 
 Colchicium, Wine of iy 2 
 
 Buchu, Infusion of, add to 6 ounces. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful every two hours until improvement. 
 
6j 2 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 SALVES. 
 
 Bell's Salve or Ointment, for Itch and other Skin Diseases. 
 
 Lard ^ pound. 
 
 Turpentine Spirits of % ounce. 
 
 Red Precipitate y 2 " 
 
 Rosin y z 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, powdered 2 grains. 
 
 Melt and mix. 
 This prescription has been successfully used for many years 
 by a gentleman whose name it bears, in all eruptive diseases, 
 as itch, salt rheum, etc. 
 
 Salve for Cuts, Bruises, Boils, etc. 
 
 Rosm 4 ounces. 
 
 Mutton Tallow 2 drachms. 
 
 Beeswax 1 " 
 
 Burgundy Pitch 1 " 
 
 Balsam of Fir 1 " 
 
 Venice Turpentine 1 " 
 
 Oil of Spike , 1 scruple. 
 
 Hemlock, Oil of 1 
 
 Cedar, Oil of 1 
 
 Origanum, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Wormwood, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Laudanum 1 " 
 
 Camphor Gum, pulverized 1 " 
 
 The Oils, Balsam, Laudanum and Turpentine can all be put into 
 one phial when purchasing. Melt the Rosin, Tallow, Beeswax and 
 Pitch together. When a little cool, add the Oils, Laudanum, etc., 
 stir in the pulverized Camphor and pour into cold water. By 
 greasing the hands it can be pulled and worked as shoemaker's 
 wax until it is all intimately mixed, when it can be rolled into suit- 
 able sized sticks for use or for sale. 
 
 For cuts, bruises, boils and all general purposes, this salve has 
 no superior. It will remain upon the spot where it is placed, not 
 shifting by motion nor heat of the body. 
 
 Salve for St? engthening and Stimulating Purposes. 
 
 In weak back, pains in the back or other parts, liver affec- 
 tions, etc., where it is desirable to apply a strengthening salve, 
 or plaster, as usually called, add to the above very finely pulver- 
 ized Verdigris, 1 drachm, at the same time the Camphor Gum 
 and Oils are being added. The Verdigris is stimulating as well 
 as detergent, i. e., having a tendency to scatter or drive away 
 disease from the parts. 
 
 For Scrofulous Ulcers. 
 
 Turpentine 2 ounces. 
 
 Bayberry Tallow 2 ' 
 
 Dissolve together and form into a salve. If too hard or firm, add 
 1 tablespoonfnl, more or less, of Sweet Oil. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 673 
 
 For Burns, Scrofulous, Fistulous and other Ulcers. 
 
 Olive Oil % pint. 
 
 Common Resin 1 drachm. 
 
 Beeswax 1 " 
 
 Melt these articles together, and raise the oil nearly to the 
 boiling point; then gradually add of pulverized Red Lead, i l / 2 
 ounces, if it is winter; if summer, about 2 ounces. In a short 
 time after the lead is taken up by the oil, and the mixture becomes 
 brown or of a shining black, remove from the fire, and when nearly 
 cold add %. scruple of pulverized Camphor. It should remain on 
 the fire until it forms a proper consistence for spreading, which may 
 be known by dipping a knife into it from time to time and suffering 
 it to cool. 
 
 Heali?ig Salve. 
 
 Take a good sized handful of Comfrey root, wash and bruise and 
 stew in about 1 pint of unsalted lard until crisped; then strain and 
 add pulverized gunpowder, 2 tablespoonfuls, and Spirits of Turpen- 
 tine, 1 tablespoonful, stirring as it cools to keep evenly mixed. 
 
 This makes a very valuable healing salve. The Comfrey root of 
 itself, freshly dug and bruised, makes an excellent application to 
 bruises, fresh wounds, sore breasts, ulcers, white swellings, etc. 
 
 SYRUPS. 
 
 Simple Syrup. — Simple Syrup is made by adding 2 pounds 
 of granulated sugar to 1 pint of water, and dissolving by heat. 
 It has been mentioned in many prescriptions given in this book. 
 
 For Coughs and Pulmonary Affections. 
 
 Spikenard Root 2 ounces. 
 
 White Root 2 
 
 Blood Root 1 
 
 Elecampane 1 " 
 
 Coltsfoot 1 
 
 Boneset 1 
 
 Poplar Bark 8 drachms. 
 
 Senega Snake Root 4 " 
 
 Lobelia 4 " 
 
 Slippery Elm Bark 1 ounce. 
 
 Proof Spirits 3 pints. 
 
 Bruise, or pulverize all, and digest in the spirits for fourteen days; 
 then strain, and add white sugar sufficient to form a syrup. 
 
 Dose. — A dessertspoonful occasionally in a mucilage of Slippery 
 Elm. 
 
 For Epilepsy. 
 
 Peony Root 8 ounces. 
 
 Peruvian Bark 2 " 
 
 Virginia Snake Root 2 " 
 
 Boiling Water 1 quart. 
 
 White Sugar 1^ pounds. 
 
 Extract the strength, simmer down to 1% pints, then strain and 
 add the sugar. 
 
 Dose. — A wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 43 
 
674 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 For Scrofulous Affections. 
 
 Dandelion Root ]^ pound. 
 
 Sarsaparilla Root % " 
 
 Yellow Dock Root % 
 
 Bittersweet, Bark of % " 
 
 Bruise, and boil till the strength is extracted; then strain, and 
 simmer down to i quart. Add sugar sufficient to prevent fermenta- 
 tion. 
 
 Dose. — A wineglassful three times a day. 
 
 For Dysentery. 
 
 Blackberries, Juice of 8 ounces. 
 
 White Sugar i pound. 
 
 Mix, simmer and strain. 
 
 Dose. — A wineglassful four or five times a day. 
 
 TINCTURES. 
 
 For Rheumatism cmd other External Painful Chronic Conditions. 
 
 Gum Guaiacum 2 drachms. 
 
 Nitre, Spirits of 2 " 
 
 Camphor 1^ scruple. 
 
 Balsam of Tolu i}£ " 
 
 Alcohol ]/ 2 pint. 
 
 Mix, and let stand one week. Strain or filter, and add l / z pint 
 Glycerine. 
 
 Dose. — Take 2 teaspoonfuls three or four times a day in a tumbler 
 of Prickly Ash tea. 
 
 For Pleurisy, Fever, Inflammation, etc., also in Dysentery. 
 
 Ipecac 1 drachm. 
 
 Saffron 1 
 
 Camphor 1 " 
 
 Virginia Snake Root 1 " 
 
 Opium 10 grains. 
 
 Holland Gin or Jamaica Spirits 1 ]/ 2 gills. 
 
 I^et it stand for two weeks, filter and bottle. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful, given in a tumbler of Catnip tea every 
 hour or two till it produces perspiration. 
 
 For bitermittent Fever, Fever and Ague. 
 
 Peruvian Bark ,.-,, 4 drachms. 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark 2 
 
 Cinnamon 1 scruple 
 
 Cloves 1 " 
 
 Nutmeg 1 
 
 Sulphur 2 drachms. 
 
 Wine 1 pint 
 
 Let it stand a sufficient time to extract the strength. 
 
 Pose. — A wineglassful every two or three hours. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 675 
 
 TONICS. 
 
 Beef, Iron and Wine. 
 
 Iron and Ammonia, Citrate of . . 4 drachms. 
 
 Water 2}i ounces. 
 
 Simple Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Beef , Extract of y z ounce. 
 
 Good Wine 10 " 
 
 Mix all together in a large bottle. Shake occasionally and let 
 stand for one week. Get two or three sheets of filtering paper, fold 
 carefully and place in a funnel. Also get a little Wood Charcoal 
 and carefully moisten it with a little of the solution, then pour the 
 charcoal into the filter and filter the balance of the solution through 
 the charcoal and paper. As a rule the beef extract is not added, 
 because after standing for a time it becomes precipitated to the 
 bottom of the bottle, and when shaken up makes a rather unsightly 
 looking mixture. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful at meal time. Larger doses may be 
 taken. 
 
 Calisaya Bark and Iron. 
 
 Quinine, Sulphate of 20 grains. 
 
 Cinchona, Sulphate of 8 " 
 
 Citric Acid 5 
 
 Iron, Soluble, Citrate of 5 drachms. 
 
 Simple Elixir 1 pint. 
 
 Dose. — From 1 to 2 teaspoonfuls after meals. 
 
 Sweet Wine of Iron. 
 
 Cinchona, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Bitter Orange Peel, powdered 30 grains. 
 
 Citric Acid 30 " 
 
 Iron, Soluble Citrate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Water 3^ ounces. 
 
 SherryWine 7 " 
 
 Sweet Orange Peel, Tincture of 2> l A " 
 
 Syrup 14 drachms. 
 
 Mix the tincture with the water, and with this percolate or mix 
 the Cinchona and Orange Peel. Add to this the Citric Acid and 
 Iron dissolved in the Wine, then add the Syrup and filter. 
 
 Dose. — One teaspoonful after meals and at bedtime. 
 
 Cordial for Tonic Purposes in all cases of nervous derangement and 
 general debility, especially of that kind peculiar to females. 
 Very useful in Leucorrhea, Consumption in its early stages, 
 Dyspepsia, etc. 
 
 Comfrey Root 1 ounce. 
 
 Solomon's Seal 1 ' 
 
 Spikenard Root 1 " 
 
 ColumboRoot % " 
 
 Gentian Root y z " 
 
 Chamomile Flowers y 2 " 
 
 Bruise all together and add 4 quarts of the best Malaga Wine. 
 Let it stand a week and strain. 
 
 Dose. — Half a wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 
6y6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 TONIC BITTERS. 
 
 For General Tonic Purposes. 
 
 Red Cinchona Bark 2 ounces. 
 
 Gentian Root 2 
 
 Columbo Root 2 
 
 Juniper Berries 2 
 
 Glycerine 2 
 
 Alcohol 6 
 
 Water 10 
 
 Reduce the drugs to a moderately fine powder. Put into a large 
 bottle, add the Alcohol and water and let stand for one week. Then 
 get some filtering paper, place it carefully in a funnel, strain 
 the liquid through it and add the Glycerine. 
 
 Dose. — One or two teaspoonfuls before meals. 
 
 For Dyspepsia , and Complaints Generally Requiring a Tonic. 
 
 Golden Seal 1 drachm. 
 
 Whitewood Bark 1 " 
 
 Bitter Root 1 " 
 
 Cayenne Pepper 1^ " 
 
 Bruise all and add 2 quarts of wine. 
 
 Dose. — From a tablespoonful to a wineglassful three times a day. 
 
 For Dyspepsia, Obstruction of the Menses ', General Tonic Purposes. 
 
 Tamarack Bark 6 ounces. 
 
 Prickly Ash Bark 4 " 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark ,. 3 
 
 Senega Snake Root 3 " 
 
 Tansy 1 A 
 
 Socotrine Aloes j4 " 
 
 Let these articles be pulverized and mixed, and take of the mix- 
 ture % pound, add 3 pints of boiling water, 2 quarts of Holland Gin 
 and 1 pint of Molasses. Let stand a week. 
 
 Dose. — Half a wineglassful to be taken at morning, noon and 
 evening. 
 
 VOMITING, TO CHECK. 
 
 Carbolic Acid 2 drops. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of 2 drachms. 
 
 Lime Water, add to 2 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take from % to 1 teaspoonful every 20 to 30 minutes or 
 one hour. 
 
 For Obstinate Cases. 
 
 Creosote A 2 drops. 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Arabic 2 drachms. 
 
 Distilled Water 1 ounce. 
 
 Spirits of Nutmeg 2 drachms. 
 
 Mix. Let this draught be given at once, and repeated every 
 other hour until the vomiting is checked. 
 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 677 
 
 COLD CREAMS. 
 
 Face Massage Cream. — Put 4 ounces of Sweet Almond Oil 
 into the inside receptacle of a custard boiler. Put as much warm 
 water into the outside boiler as though you were going to make a 
 custard. 
 
 Set the two — one inside the other — over the fire. Have ready 
 one good sized cucumber, which wash and cut into squares two or 
 three inches in size. Do not remove the peel. When the Almond 
 Oil begins to boil, put the sliced cucumber into it. Set the 
 custard boiler on the back of the stove and let the water merely 
 simmer for four or five hours. Strain. To 6 ounces of the 
 strained liquid add 1 ounce of White Wax, 1 of Spermaceti and 
 2 of I,anoline (or wool fat). Heat until the Wax, Spermaceti 
 and L,anoline have melted, then take off the fire and beat with 
 an egg-beater until cold, adding during the beating process 2 
 teaspoonfuls of Tincture of Benzoin. 
 
 This is an excellent cream if properly and carefully made. 
 
 Another Face Cream. 
 
 White Wax , 1 ounce. 
 
 Spermaceti I " 
 
 Almond Oil 3 
 
 Lanoline 1 " 
 
 Put these four ingredients into the inner vessel of the custard 
 boiler. Fill the outer vessel about full of warm water and set over 
 the fire. Place the inner vessel into the outer receptacle. When 
 all the ingredients have melted, take the inner vessel out, stir the 
 mixture constantly until cold, adding, little by little during the 
 stirring, 3 ounces of Rosewater, 1 ounce of Witch Hazel and 1 
 drachm of Tincture of Benzoin. This will result in more than % 
 pound of delightful cream for the purpose suggested. 
 
 An Elegant Cold Cream. 
 
 Glycerine 6 ounces. 
 
 L,anoline iy 2 " 
 
 Petrolatum, white \ l / 2 " 
 
 Mix the Lanoline and Petrolatum and then incorporate the 
 Glycerine. Flavor with 3 or 4 drops of the Oil of Rose or other 
 perfume. Put up in small jars or boxes. This is one of the finest 
 preparations of its kind, easily made and keeps for any length of 
 time. 
 
 Camphor Ice. 
 
 Petrolatum, white, .c 2 ounces. 
 
 White Wax, pure 2 ' 
 
 Camphor Gum 4 " 
 
 Rosin, white 4 
 
 Glycerine 16 " 
 
 Melt all together, stir well, and when nearly cold pour into jars 
 or other receptacles. 
 
6y8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Chapped Hands Preparation. 
 
 Quince Seed y 2 ounce. 
 
 Borax, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine iy 2 ounces. 
 
 Hot Water 12 " 
 
 Pour the hot water on the Quince seed and let stand until thick, 
 which may require from twelve to twenty-four hours, then strain 
 through a coarse cloth. Dissolve the Borax in a small amount of 
 this, being careful to break up all of the lumps, and add it and 
 the Glycerine to the mixture. Perfume can be added to suit. 
 
 FACE POWDERS. 
 
 Complexion Powder. 
 
 Bismuth, Subnitrate of 1 ounce. 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of 1 " 
 
 French Chalk 10 " 
 
 Add a few drops of Oil of Rose, or other perfume if desired. 
 
 Complexion Powder. 
 
 Zinc, Oxide of 3 ounces. 
 
 Precipitated Chalk 4 " 
 
 French Chalk 10 " 
 
 Magnesia, Light Carbonate of \yi " 
 
 Rose, Oil of 2 drops. 
 
 Rose Geranium, Tincture of 10 " 
 
 Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. If 
 desired, a few grains of Carmine may be added to give a pink color. 
 
 Borated Talcum. 
 
 French Chalk, powdered and purified 10 ounces. 
 
 Boric Acid, powdered 8 " 
 
 Violet, Tincture of 1 drachm. 
 
 Jasmine, Tincture of yi " 
 
 Vanilla, Tincture of y 2 
 
 Mix the French Chalk and Boric Acid, then mix the tinctures and 
 add to the powder by means of an atomizer spray. Lastly mix by 
 passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 HAIR, RECEIPTS FOR. 
 
 Hair Dye — In Three Numbers. 
 
 No. I. Distilled Water 4 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 1 
 
 Pyrogallic Acid 1 drachm. 
 
 The Pyrogallic Acid is to be put into the Alcohol until dissolved, 
 then the water added, and the preparation corked for use. 
 
 No. 2. Aqua Ammonia 1 ounce. 
 
 Water 1 
 
 Nitrate of Silver 2 drachms. 
 
 Put the Nitrate of Silver into the Ammonia until dissolved, then 
 add the water, cork and keep in a dark place. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 679 
 
 No. 3. Distilled water 4 ounces. 
 
 Sulphuret of Potash y z 
 
 Mix cork, and keep in cool place. This number loses its virtue 
 in a month or two, but is not expensive to make. 
 
 To dye the moustache, whiskers or hair, be sure they are clean 
 and free from soap, and only a little damp; then carefully apply No. 
 1, not getting it upon the skin and while it is still damp, but some- 
 what dried, apply No. 2, also avoiding the skin. In case any of 
 either number touches the skin, it is best to have a damp sponge or 
 a damp cloth and wipe it off immediately. Two or three minutes 
 after No. 2 has been applied all over carefully, apply No. 3, which 
 will "set" the dye and give it more depth of color, and also make it 
 a more lively and natural black. If there is any of the silver num- 
 ber left on the skin, at the edges of the hair or whiskers, 
 touch it with the No. 3, when it may be removed with a damp 
 sponge. Be careful to take up all of the No. 3 with the damp 
 sponge or cloth, otherwise it will give the skin a yellowish brown 
 appearance from the action of the air upon it when you go out. 
 
 Pomade Hair Restorative — French. 
 
 Almond Oil % pound. 
 
 White Wax % ounce. 
 
 Lard, clarified 3 " 
 
 Liquid Ammonia 2 drachms. 
 
 Add a few drops of Rose, Lavender, Bergamot or other perfume. 
 
 Place the Oil, Wax and Lard in a jar, and set the jar into boiling 
 water until the wax is melted; then remove, and when nearly ready to 
 set or stiffen, stir in the Ammonia and perfumes and put into boxes or 
 jars for use, covering well. Apply the pomade at night only, not 
 using combs nor harsh brushes during the growth of young hair. 
 
 The argument for the use of Ammonia is, that it contains nitro- 
 gen, which is one of the principal constituents of the hair, 
 consequently affords nourishment. It is utterly impossible for 
 the animal economy to create hair out of any oil, because oil is destitute 
 of nitrogen; but if oil or grease is combined with Ammonia, which 
 yields nitrogen, then great benefit will be derived from a pomade 
 so made. All oils and pomades without Ammonia act only as 
 polishers, affording no nourishment. 
 
 Another Restorative. — Avery nice article of hair restorative 
 and dressing is made as follows: 
 
 Rain Water 8 ounces. 
 
 Bay Rum 4 ' 
 
 Aqua Ammonia y 2 " 
 
 Glycerine % 4< 
 
 Mix, bottle and keep corked. 
 
 The Glycerine gives it a glossiness, while the Ammonia and Bay 
 Rum stimulate the surface to a healthy action. 
 
68o FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Hair Invigorator. — A simple and pleasant article to invigo- 
 rate the scalp, to remove dandruff and to prevent its return is the 
 following: 
 
 Alcohol i pint. 
 
 Guin Camphor 2 ounces. 
 
 Apply daily, by means of a piece of sponge, for a month, or until 
 the head is clean and free from dandruff; then once or twice a week 
 only will keep it clean and healthy. 
 
 Another Invigorator, 
 
 Alcohol, of the best quality 1 pint. 
 
 Rain, or distilled, Water 1 " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia 1 ounce. 
 
 Mix. Wet the head thoroughly and rub well to the roots of the 
 hair once daily. 
 
 This has brought out hair on absolutely bald patches on the head. 
 
 Hair Tonic. 
 
 Cantharides, Tincture of 2 drachms. 
 
 Quinine %, " 
 
 Ammonia, Muriate of 2 scruples. 
 
 Glycerine 4 ounces. 
 
 Cologne 4 " 
 
 Water, distilled 4 
 
 When there is any irritation of the scalp, this preparation is espe- 
 cially valuable. It will be found very satisfactory as a stimulant or 
 tonic to the scalp, while at the same time it acts as a hair dressing. 
 
 Another Tonic. 
 
 Glycerine , 1 ounce. 
 
 Bay Rum 1 u 
 
 Cantharides. Tincture of ]/z " 
 
 Aqua Ammonia % " 
 
 Rosewater l / 2 pint. 
 
 Shampoo for Removing Dandruff and Scurf from the 
 Head. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Water, soft 3 " 
 
 Cantharides, Tincture of y z ounce. 
 
 Ammonia, Carbonate of 1 " 
 
 Potassa, Carbonate of 1 " 
 
 Eergamot, or Oil of Lavender 1 drachm. 
 
 Put the oils into the Alcohol, dissolve the carbonates in the water 
 and mix all. It is used in cases where the dandruff in the 
 hair has become so excessive as to fall out and keep the coat littered 
 with it. Pour on sufficient to wet the hair completely, then with 
 the ends of the fingers loosen the dandruff from the scalp thor- 
 oughly to allow the Ammonia, Alcohol and Cantharides, which are 
 valuable correctives and stimulants to the skin, to have their full 
 effect. In washing out it will be important to keep the eyes closed, 
 as it would be a rather strong mixture for their comfort. Use any 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 68 1 
 
 oily hair dressing after it. Any person whose condition of health is 
 such that dandruff forms freely and readily should wash the head 
 often with plain water and soap, and use one of the restoratives or 
 invigorators above until a healthy state of the scalp is obtained, then 
 as often as needed to maintain or keep it in a healthy condition. 
 
 Another Shampoo. 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Ammonia, Water of \y 2 drachms. 
 
 Glycerine i " 
 
 Salts of Tartar (called also Carbonate of 
 
 Potash i ' 
 
 Castile Soap i o grains. 
 
 Water, add enough to make 5 ounces. 
 
 Mix together. This application is pleasant to use and is very 
 cleansing. If the head is rubbed briskly while applying it, a large 
 amount of foam is produced. This disappears in a few minutes, 
 leaving the scalp clean and fresh. 
 
 Hair Curling Liquid. 
 
 Borax, pulverized 1 ounce. 
 
 Gum Arabic, pulverized y 2 drachm. 
 
 Water, scalding hot 1 pint. 
 
 Mix, and stir until dissolved; then add Spirits of Camphor, 2 
 tablespoonfuls, and bottle. 
 
 On retiring, moisten the hair with the above and paper in the 
 usual style. 
 
 Hair Oils. — A cheap and good article is made suitable for a 
 
 hair dressing, when there is no baldness nor call for a restorative, 
 
 by clarifying lard oil, as follows: 
 
 Lard Oil iX pints. 
 
 Alcohol 2 ounces. 
 
 Bottle, cork and shake, and shake frequently for two or three 
 days; then let stand and settle until clear, and pour off from the 
 sediment for use. 
 
 This may be flavored with Oil of Citronella, Bergamot, Lavender 
 or Rosemary, as preferred, }4 ounce; and if it is desired to give it 
 color, tie Alkanet root, bruised, x / z ounce, in a bit of muslin, and 
 put into the oil until a light purple shade is produced. Tumeric 
 used instead of Alkanet gives a yellow shade. 
 
 Hen s Oil is a very fine oil, free from gumminess, and conse- 
 quently makes an excellent hair dressing when flavored with Oil of 
 Citronella, ^ ounce, and Bergamot, ^ ounce, to 1 pint of the oil. 
 This receipt is as good as it is short. Other flavoring oils may 
 be used, if preferred. 
 
 Verbena Oil. 
 
 Cologne Alcohol , X A P int - 
 
 Otto, or Oil of Verbena 1 drachm. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 20 drops. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of 20 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
682 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Bay Rum Mixture. 
 
 Bay, Oil of y z ounce. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of % 
 
 Red Thyme, Oil of , i " 
 
 Allspice, Oil of i " 
 
 Mix all together. 
 
 To make Bay Rum, add ^ ounce of this mixture to 2 pints of 
 Alcohol. Shake thoroughly and add 2 pints of water and 1 ounce 
 of Carbonate of Magnesia, finely pulverized. Place it in a filter and 
 filter the Bay Rum through it. 
 
 Another Bay Rum Mixture. 
 
 Bay, Oil of 1 ounce. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of.... 1 drachm. 
 
 Sweet Orange, Oil of 1 " 
 
 Neroli Petale, Oil of 30 drops. 
 
 Allspice, Oil of 30 " 
 
 Cardamon, Oil of 3 " 
 
 Prepare as above. 
 
 PERFUMES. 
 
 White Rose. 
 
 Rose, Oil of 15 drops. 
 
 Rose Geranium, Oil of 10 " 
 
 Patchouli, Oil of 2 " 
 
 Ambrette, Tincture of 2 ounces. 
 
 Orris, Tincture of 4 " 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 12 " 
 
 Rosewater 1 pint. 
 
 Dissolve the oils in the deodorized Alcohol, add the tinctures, 
 shake well, then slowly add the Rosewater and filter through filter- 
 ing paper. If desired, a slight tinge of color may be given by 
 adding a very small amount of Aniline. 
 
 Mary Stuart. 
 
 Rose, Oil of 15 drops. 
 
 Sandal Wood, Oil of 5 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of y, drachm. 
 
 Orris Root, Tincture of 4 ounces. 
 
 Vanilla, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Civet, Tincture of 1 " 
 
 Deodorized Alcohol 3 " 
 
 Rosewater 7 " 
 
 Magnesia, Carbonate of Yz " 
 
 Mix the oils and tinctures with \y 2 ounces of the deodorized 
 Alcohol, place the Magnesia in a mortar or some convenient vessel, 
 pour on the solution of oils and Alcohol and mix thoroughly. Mix 
 the remaining iy 2 ounces of Alcohol and the Rosewater, add all 
 together and filter through filtering paper. 
 
 
MISCELLANEOUS MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 Jockey Club. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of 6 drachms. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 15 drops. 
 
 Rose, Oil of 8 
 
 Orris Root, Tincture of 4 ounces. 
 
 Vanilla, Tincture of 1% 
 
 Cologne Spirits 4 " 
 
 Rosewater 7 " 
 
 Mix as above. 
 
 SACHET POWDERS. 
 
 Lavender. 
 
 Lavender Flowers 8 ounces. 
 
 Thyme, dried and powdered %, " 
 
 Spearmint, dried y z " 
 
 Cloves, powdered X " 
 
 Caraway, powdered % " 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix thoroughly, allow to stand for several da3 T s closely covered, 
 then divide, place in several envelopes and seal. 
 
 Heliotrope. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 6 ounces. 
 
 Vanilla, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Musk '. 3 grains. 
 
 Almonds, Essential Oil of 1 drop. 
 
 Mix thoroughly and divide as above. 
 
 Essence Bouqet. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 2 ounces. 
 
 Grain Musk 8 grains. 
 
 Rose, Oil of 8 drops. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of 20 " 
 
 Lemon, Oil of 5 
 
 Mix and divide as above. 
 
 683 
 
 TOILET WATERS. 
 
 Lavender Water. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of 2 drachms. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of 1 
 
 Vanilla, Tincture of 4 
 
 Angelica, Tincture of 4 
 
 Cologne Spirits 10 ounces. 
 
 Rosewater 4 
 
 Dissolve the oils in the spirits, add the tinctures and let stand for 
 three days, then add the Rosewater and let stand one week more, 
 after which filter through a little Magnesia. 
 
684 FA V0RIT E MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Florida Water. 
 
 Lavender, Oil of % ounce. 
 
 Bergamot, Oil of % " 
 
 Lemon, Oil of % " 
 
 Sweet Orange, Oil of % drachm. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 15 drops. 
 
 Cassia, Oil of x / 2 drachm. 
 
 Cologne Spirits 3 pints. 
 
 Rosewater 1 " 
 
 Mix and filter through Magnesia. 
 
 TOOTH POWDERS, ETC. 
 
 Precipitated Chalk 1 ounce. 
 
 Borax, finely pulverized 1 drachm. 
 
 Rose Oil 2 drops. 
 
 Intimately mix and keep in closely covered boxes for use. 
 Note. — If there is a tendency to sponginess or bleeding of the 
 gums, dissolve 3 grains of Camphor Gum in a trifle of Alcohol and 
 add to the above in place of the Rose Oil. 
 
 Antiseptic Tooth Powder. 
 
 Precipitated Chalk 4 ounces. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 1 " 
 
 Boric Acid, powdered y z " 
 
 Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 Antiseptic Tooth Powder. 
 
 Precipitated Chalk 2 ounces. 
 
 Orris Root, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Camphor Gum, powdered 1 " 
 
 Boric Acid 2 " 
 
 Saccharine, powdered 1 grain. 
 
 Cloves, Oil of 1 drop, 
 
 Mix thoroughly by passing several times through a fine sieve. 
 
 Antiseptic Tooth Wash. 
 
 Alcohol, deodorized 6 ounces. 
 
 Boric Acid % drachm. 
 
 Thymol 8 grains. 
 
 Glycerine }£ ounce. 
 
 Eucalyptus, Oil of 5 drops. 
 
 Wintergreen, Oil of 8 " 
 
 Water 7 ounces. 
 
 Dissolve the Oils, Thymol and Boric Acid in the deodorized Alco- 
 hol. Mix the water and Glycerine, then add all together and filter 
 through filtering paper. 
 
OVER ONE HUNDRED GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS 
 
 OF RARE VALUE. 
 
 CLEANING RECEIPTS FOR CLOTHING, ETC. 
 
 Cloth Cleaning Compound. 
 
 Glycerine i ounce. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether i " 
 
 Alcohol i " 
 
 Ammonia 4 " 
 
 Castile Soap 1 " 
 
 Mix together and add sufficient water to make 2 quarts. Apply 
 and rinse. 
 
 Scouring Balls, to Remove Grease, etc., from Cloth. 
 
 Soft Soap 1 pound. 
 
 Fuller's Earth , 1 " 
 
 Beat well together in a mortar and form into cakes. The spot, 
 first moistened with water, is rubbed with the cake and allowed to 
 dry, when it is well rubbed with a little warm water, and afterwards 
 rinsed or rubbed off clean. 
 
 Black Cloth, to Clean. 
 
 Ammonia, Bicarbonate of 1 ounce. 
 
 Water, warm 1 quart. 
 
 Dissolve the Ammonia in the water and rub the cloth with the 
 solution, using a piece of flannel or black cloth for the purpose. 
 After the application of this solution clean the cloth well with clear 
 water, and dry and iron it, brushing it from time to time in the direc- 
 tion of the fiber. 
 
 Satins, to Clean. — Satins may be cleaned with a weak solu- 
 tion of Borax or Benzine when greasy. Care should be taken to 
 sponge moderately and lengthwise, not across, the fabric. Iron 
 on the wrong side only. White, cream' and pink satins may be 
 treated in the same way as light colored silks. 
 
 Black Satin, to Clean. — Boil 3 pounds of potatoes to a pulp 
 in a quart of water, strain through a sieve, and brush the satin 
 with it on a board or table, using a soft brush or sponge. The 
 satin must not be wrung, but folded down in cloths for three 
 hours and then ironed on the wrong side. 
 
 Black Silk, to Clean. — To bullock's gall add boiling water 
 sufficient to make it warm, and with a clean sponge rub the silk 
 well on both sides. Squeeze it out gently, and proceed in like 
 manner until thoroughly cleaned. Rinse it in soft water, and 
 
 685 
 
686 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 change the water until perfectly clear. Dry it in the air, and 
 then dip a sponge in glue water and rub it on the wrong side, 
 pin it out on a table and let dry before a fire. 
 
 White or Light Silk, to Clean.— Dissolve Naphtha soap in 
 water, and add enough cool or lukewarm water to form the 
 desired amount of suds. Dip the silk up and down in the water, 
 gently rubbing any spots until they disappear — do not rub soap 
 on the silk — rinse in lukewarm water and dry. Press on the 
 wrong side. 
 
 Method Used in Cleaning Establishments. — The method 
 used in establishments of this kind for cleaning silks, French 
 flannels and other wool cloths, is to put the garment into a jar 
 containing sufficient gasoline to cover it nicely, dipping it up and 
 down, and rubbing soiled spots, or the entire garment, with Ivory 
 soap. Rinse in clean gasoline. By shaking the garment in the 
 air for fifteen or twenty minutes, or pinning it to a line with a 
 good breeze blowing, the odor will be removed. It is not neces- 
 sary to press it, unless it may be in much wrinkled parts, when 
 the pressing should be done on the wrong side. Flutings, shir- 
 rings, etc. , can be smoothed out with the fingers. 
 
 Ribbons, to Clean. — A good quality of ribbon, and espe- 
 cially in light colors, may be made to look like new. Wash with 
 Naphtha soap, as above, or make a hot suds of other good soap, 
 rub gently with the hands until clean, rinse and put into a clean 
 white cloth to wring, for instance, into a sheet. This will leave 
 the ribbon only a little damp. Do not press it, but lay it on the 
 ironing board with the wrong side up, set a moderately warmed 
 flat on it and draw the ribbon through under the fiat until smoothed. 
 The right side will look like new. 
 
 Lace, to Wash. — Cover an ordinary wine bottle with fine 
 flannel, stitching it firmly around the bottle. Tack one end of 
 the lace to the flannel, roll it very smoothly around the bottle 
 and tack down the other end, then cover with a piece of very fine 
 flannel or muslin. Now rub it gently with a strong soap liquor, 
 and, if the lace is very much discolored or dirty, fill the bottle 
 with hot water, place it in a kettle or saucepan of suds and 
 boil it for a few minutes, then place the bottle under a tap of 
 running water to rinse out the soap. Make some strong starch, 
 and melt in it a piece of white wax and a little loaf sugar. 
 Plunge the bottle two or three times into this and squeeze out the 
 superfluous starch with the hands. Next dip the bottle in cold 
 water, remove the outer covering from the lace, fill the bottle 
 with hot water and stand it in the sun to dry the lace. When 
 nearly dry, take it very carefully off the bottle and pick it out 
 with the fingers. I^ay it in a cool place to dry thoroughly. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 687 
 
 Black Lace, to Revive. — Make some black tea, about the 
 strength usual for drinking, and strain it off the leaves. Pour 
 enough tea into a basin to cover the quantity of lace, let it stand 
 ten or twelve hours, then squeeze it several times but do not 
 rub it. Dip it frequently into the tea, which will at length 
 assume a dirty appearance. Have ready some weak gum water, 
 and press the lace gently through it; then clap it for a quarter of 
 an hour, after which pin it to a towel in any shape which you 
 wish it to take. When nearly dry, cover it with another towel 
 and iron it with a cool iron. The lace, if previously sound and 
 discolored only, will after this process look as good as new. 
 
 Plush, to Renovate. — To restore plush, hold the wrong 
 side over steam arising from boiling water until the pile rises; or 
 dampen lightly the wrong side of the plush and hold it over a 
 pretty hot iron, not hot enough to scorch, however; or heat a 
 clean brick, place upon it a wet cloth, hold the plush over it, and 
 the steam will raise the nap. 
 
 To Raise the Pile on Velvet. — Put on a table two sticks of 
 wood, place between them, bottom side up, three very hot flat- 
 irons, and over these lay a wet cloth. Hold the velvet over the 
 cloth, with the wrong side down and, when thoroughly steamed, 
 brush the pile with a light whisk. The velvet will look as good 
 as new. 
 
 Dark Furs, to Clean. — For sable, chinchilla, squirrel, fitch, 
 etc., heat a quantity of new bran in a pan, stirring constantly so 
 that it will not burn. When well heated, rub thoroughly into 
 the fur. Repeat two or three times. Shake the fur and brush 
 briskly until free from dust. 
 
 Light Furs, to Clean. — White furs, ermine, etc., may be 
 cleaned in the following way: L,ay the fur on a table and rub 
 with bran slightly moistened with warm water. Rub until dry, 
 then rub with dry bran. Use flannel for rubbing with the wet 
 bran and book muslin for the dry. After using the bran, rub 
 with Magnesia. Dry flour may be used instead of wet bran. 
 Rub the wrong way of the fur, and afterwards shake and brush 
 to place. 
 
 Glove Cleaner. 
 
 Castile Soap, white 3 ounces. 
 
 Javelle Water 2 " 
 
 Water 2 
 
 Water of Ammonia 1 drachm. 
 
 Dissolve the soap by the aid of heat in the water and, when nearly 
 cold, add the Javelle Water and the Water of Ammonia, The prep- 
 aration should form a paste, to be rubbed on the soiled part of the 
 glove with a piece of flannel. This recipe is in use in many large 
 cleaning establishments, and can be recommended. 
 
588 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Canteine — French Glove Cleaner. 
 
 Curd Soap ( in small shavings ) i ounce. 
 
 Water.... 3 " 
 
 Mix with heat and stir in 
 
 Essence of Citron 1 " 
 
 Saponine — French Glove Cleaner. 
 
 Duvignau Soap, in powder (or any good 
 
 soap powder) 5 parts. 
 
 Water: 3 " 
 
 Dissolve with heat and add 
 
 Bau de Javelle (Javelle Water) 3 " 
 
 Ammonia Water f " 
 
 Directions. — A small portion of either of the above is rubbed over 
 the glove with a piece of flannel (always in one direction) until it is 
 sufficiently clean. 
 
 Kid Gloves, to Clean. — Put them, together with a sufficient 
 quantity of pure Benzine, into a large stoppered vessel, and shake 
 the whole occasionally, with alternate rest. If on removing the 
 gloves there remain any spots, rub them out with a soft cloth 
 moistened with Ether or Benzole. Dry the gloves by exposure 
 to the air, and then place smoothly between glass plates at the 
 temperature of boiling water until the last traces of Benzine are 
 expelled. They may then be folded and pressed between paper 
 with a warm iron. 
 
 Another way is to use a strong solution of pure soap in hot 
 milk beaten up with the yolk of 1 egg to a pint of the solution. 
 Put the glove on the hand and rub it gently with the paste, to 
 which a little Ether may be added, then carefully lay by to dry. 
 White gloves are not discolored by this treatment, and leather 
 will be made thereby clean and soft as when new. 
 
 Kid Gloves, to Clean without Wetting. — Stale bread is 
 sometimes used for this purpose. The gloves are put on, the softer 
 part of the bread is broken up into crumbs, and the hands are 
 rubbed one over the other as in the act of washing, the crumbs 
 being thus rubbed over all parts of the gloves. Spongy rubber 
 is often used for glove cleaning. It is applied in the same 
 manner as in cleaning drawings, i. e. , it is rubbed over the soiled 
 parts of the glove. 
 
 Straw, to Clean. — Wash in warm soap liquor, brushing 
 well both inside and out, then rinse in cold water and it is 
 ready for bleaching. Or, if the hat is not intended for bleaching, 
 clean a small part only at a time and do not make it too wet, as 
 otherwise it will destroy the sizing and give the hat a wilted 
 look. 
 
 Note. — Preparations for cleaning straw may be purchased at a trifling 
 expense. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 689 
 
 Straw, to Bleach. — Put a small quantity of Salts of Sorrel 
 or Oxalic Acid into a clean pan, and pour on it sufficient scalding 
 water to cover the bonnet or hat. Put the bonnet or hat into 
 this liquor, and let it remain in it for about five minutes; to keep 
 it covered hold it down with a clean stick. Dry in the sun or 
 before a clear fire. Or, having first dried the bonnet or hat, put 
 it, together with a saucer of burning Sulphur, into a box with a 
 tightly closing lid. Cover it over to keep in the fumes, and let it 
 remain for a few hours. The disadvantage of bleaching with 
 Sulphur is that the articles so bleached soon become yellow, 
 which does not happen to them when they are bleached by 
 Oxalic Acid. 
 
 Straw, to Finish or Stiffen — After cleaning and bleaching, 
 white bonnets should be stiffened with parchment size. Black 
 or colored bonnets are finished with a size made from the best 
 glue. Straw or chip plaits, or leghorn hats and bonnets, may 
 also be cleaned, bleached and finished as above. 
 
 White Manila Hats, to Clean. — Sprinkle with water and 
 expose to the fumes of burning Sulphur in a tight box. 
 
 Panama Hats, to Clean. — To renovate white straw hats, 
 the following method has been recommended. Prepare two 
 solutions as follows: 
 
 I. — Sodium Hyposulphite 2% drachms. 
 
 Glycerine 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 2}4 
 
 Water 2% ounces. 
 
 II. — Citric Acid y z drachm. 
 
 Alcohol 2>£ 
 
 Water 3 ounces. 
 
 First sponge the straw hat with solution No. I, and lay aside in a 
 moist room (cellar) for twenty-four hours; then apply solution No. II 
 and treat similarly. Finally the hat should be gone over with a 
 flatiron, not too hot. If very dirty, the hat must be cleaned and 
 dried before beginning the bleaching operation. 
 
 Felt Hats, to Clean. — Clean with Ammonia and water; if 
 greasy, wash with Fuller's Earth. Size with glue size and block 
 while warm. Glue size is made by diluting hot glue with hot 
 water. Apply inside, not outside the hat. The thicker the 
 glue, the stiff er the hat. 
 
 White Ostrich Feathers, to Clean. — Four ounces white 
 curd soap cut small, dissolved in 4 pints water, rather hot, in a 
 basin. Make the solution into a lather by beating. Introduce 
 the feathers and rub well with the hands for five 01 six minutes. 
 After the soaping, wash in clean water as hot as the hand can 
 bear. Shake until dry. 
 
 44 
 
6go FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Shoes, to Clean.— Defaced kid boots will be greatly- 
 improved by being rubbed well with a mixture of cream and ink. 
 
 Diamonds, to Clean. — Clean all diamonds and precious 
 stones by washing them with soap and water with a soft brush, 
 adding a little Ammonia to the water, and then dry in fine box- 
 wood sawdust. A little Potash or Pearl Ash put in the water will 
 answer the same purpose. 
 
 Sponges, to Clean. — Mix about a pint of water in a large 
 basin, add 2 tablespoonfuls of Sulphuric Acid (common Oil of 
 Vitriol) , then steep the sponge about two hours, wringing it out 
 several times in the acid, and finally wash out the acid in clean 
 water. It will be just like new, regaining its former size, color 
 and elasticity. 
 
 STAINS, TO REMOVE. 
 
 Stains from Acids, Vineg;ar, Sour Wine, Must, Sour 
 Fruits, to Remove. — For white goods, simple washing, fol- 
 lowed by Chlorine water if a fruit color accompanies the acid; for 
 colored cottons, woolens and silks, carefully moisten with dilute 
 Ammonia, applied with the finger ends. In case of delicate 
 colors it will be found preferable to make some Prepared Chalk 
 into a thin paste with water and apply it to the spots. 
 
 Note. — The Chlorine water mentioned above may be obtained at a drug 
 store. // should not be used on colored fabrics. 
 
 Blood Stains, to Remove. — An accidental prick of the 
 finger frequently spoils the appearance of work. Stains may be 
 entirely obliterated from almost any substance by laying a thick 
 coating of common starch over the place. The starch is to be 
 mixed as if for the laundry and laid on quite wet. 
 
 Blood Stains, to Remove. — The free and early application 
 of a weak solution of Soda or Potash, and the subsequent appli- 
 cation of a solution of Alum, is also recommended. 
 
 Fruit Stains, to Remove. — Fruit stains, when fresh, may 
 be removed by pouring boiling water through the stained portion 
 until the spot disappears. 
 
 Grass Stains, to Remove. — Grass stains should be rubbed 
 with molasses thoroughly and then washed out as usual. Another 
 treatment is to rub with Alcohol and then wash in water. 
 
 Old Fruit Stains, to Remove. — Old fruit stains may be 
 removed with Oxalic Acid. Wash the stained portion in the 
 Oxalic Acid until clear, then rinse at once in rain water as the 
 acid will attack the fabric if left upon it. Now wet the spot in 
 Ammonia and give a final rinsing. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 691 
 
 Milk and Coffee Stains, to Remove. — These stains are 
 very difficult to remove, especially from light colored and finely 
 finished goods. From woolen and mixed fabrics they are taken 
 out by moistening them with a mixture of 1 part Glycerine, 
 9 parts water and T A part Aqua Ammonia. This mixture is 
 applied to the goods by means of a brush, and allowed to remain 
 for twelve hours, occasionally renewing the moistening. After 
 this time the stained pieces are pressed between cloth, and then 
 rubbed with a clean rag. Drying, and if possible a little steam- 
 ing, is generally sufficient to thoroughly remove the stains. 
 
 Linen, to Clean. — When linen is discolored by washing, age, 
 or lying out of use, the best method of restoring the whiteness is 
 by bleaching in the open air, and exposure on the grass to the 
 dews and winds. There may occur cases, however, where this 
 is difficult to accomplish, and where a quicker process may be 
 desirable, for which the following is recommended: 
 
 Lay the linen for twelve hours in a lye formed of 1 pound Soda 
 to a gallon of boiling hot soft water, and then boil it for half an 
 hour in the same liquid. Then make a mixture of Chloride of 
 Lime with eight times its quantity of water, which must be well 
 shaken in a stone jar for three days, then allowed to settle and 
 be drawn off clear, in which the linen must be steeped for thirty-six 
 hours and then washed out in the ordinary way. This will 
 remove all discoloration. 
 
 Rust and Ink Stains, to Remove. — Rust and ink stains 
 should be rubbed with juice of lemon, the spot then covered with 
 salt and the cloth placed in the sun. If this treatment does not 
 serve to remove the stain, or if the fabric is colored and so cannot 
 be treated with lemon juice, Oxalic Acid may be used as for old 
 fruit stains. 
 
 Writing Ink Stains, to Remove. — Try Oxalic Acid fol- 
 lowed by Chloride of Lime. Wash thoroughly with plenty of 
 water afterwards. 
 
 Marking Ink Stains, etc., to Remove. — Apply Tincture of 
 Iodine. The silver in the ink forms Silver Iodide, which is 
 removed by a weak solution of Potassium Cyanide (deadly 
 poison) . 
 
 Printer's Ink Stains, to Remove. — Put the stained parts 
 of the fabric into a quantity of Benzine, then use a fine, rather 
 stiff brush, with fresh Benzine. Dry and rub bright with warm 
 water and curd soap. The Benzine will not injure the fabric or 
 dye. 
 
692 PA VORITB MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Ink. — Ink that is freshly spilled upon a carpet should be 
 covered with common or coarse salt or Indian meal. If the stain 
 is not all absorbed, rub with lemon juice. 
 
 Broadcloth, to Remove Stains from.— Grind fine 1% 
 ounces Pipe Clay; mix with 18 drops of Alcohol and the same 
 quantity Spirits of Turpentine. Moisten a little of this mixture 
 with Alcohol and rub on the stains. When dry, rub off with a 
 woolen cloth. 
 
 Color, to Restore. — When acid has accidentally or otherwise 
 destroyed or changed the color of a fabric, Ammonia should be 
 applied to neutralize the acid. A subsequent application of 
 Chloroform restores the original color. 
 
 Mildew Stains, to Remove. — Mix well together a spoonful 
 of table salt, 2 of soft Soap, 2 of powdered Starch and the juice 
 of a lemon. Lay this mixture on both sides of the stain with a 
 painter's brush, and then lay the article on the grass, day and 
 night, until the stain disappears. 
 
 Mildew, to Prevent. — Housekeepers are often greatly 
 troubled and perplexed by mildew from damp closets and from 
 rust. By putting an earthen bowl or deep plate full of quick- 
 lime into the closet, the lime will absorb the dampness and also 
 sweeten and disinfect the place. Rats, mice, and many bugs that 
 are apt to congregate in damp places have a dislike to lime. As 
 often as the lime becomes slaked, throw it on the compost heap 
 if in the country, or into the ash barrel if in the city. 
 
 GREASE, TO REMOVE. 
 
 Lightning Renovator, to Remove Grease. 
 
 Castile Soap 4 ounces. 
 
 Hot Water 1 quart. 
 
 When the soap is dissolved, add 
 
 Water 4 quarts. 
 
 Water of Ammonia 4 ounces. 
 
 Sulphuric Ether 1 
 
 Glycerine 1 
 
 Alcohol 1 
 
 Grease Spots, to Remove. — Put over the spot a piece of 
 blotting paper and apply a hot iron. 
 
 Or, apply French chalk, put a piece of paper over it and apply 
 the iron. 
 
 Or, try Ether or Benzine, and put blotting paper above and 
 below the spot. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 693 
 
 LAUNDRY RECEIPTS. 
 
 Jackman's Washing Compound. 
 
 Sal Soda 6 pounds 
 
 Borax 1 " 
 
 Dissolve in 1 gallon of boiling water and, when cold, add 
 
 Potassium Carbonate y 3 pound. 
 
 Ammonia Water 3 ounces. 
 
 Alcohol 4 teaspoonfuls. 
 
 Boil for five minutes % pound fresh unslaked lime in 1 gallon of 
 water. Draw off the clear fluid when thoroughly settled, and add 
 to this the other ingredients together with 9 gallons of cold water. 
 Directions for Using: Soak the clothes over night, after rubbing 
 soft soap on the dirty places. In the morning add y 2 pint of the 
 compound, %. pint soft soap and 4 gallons hot water. Boil not 
 more than five minutes, and turn into a tub, putting into your 
 boiler the same mixture as before. Wring the clothes into this and 
 boil again ten minutes, suds them, blue them and hang them out to 
 dry. Should the wristbands or parts that are very dirty need a little 
 rubbing, it should be done while the mixture is boiling. 
 
 Washing Powder Compound. 
 
 Sal Soda, dried 1 ounce. 
 
 Muriate of Ammonia , powdered 1 " 
 
 Soda Ash 1 pound. 
 
 The ingredients should be well dried before mixing. 
 
 Directions: Put the clothes to soak over night in clear water. 
 In the morning put the boiler on the stove half full of cold water, 
 dissolve one tablespoonful of the compound in a little water and add 
 to the boiler. Stir well. Now put in the clothes and boil twenty 
 minutes, then take them out, rub lightly, rinse and hang out to dry, 
 and you will be surprised to see how much labor is saved. The 
 compound will not injure the clothes, and saves half the labor. 
 
 Wash Bluing. 
 
 Ferrocyanuret of Iron 1 ounce. 
 
 Oxalic Acid % " 
 
 Water, distilled 3 pints. 
 
 Dissolve the iron and acid in a pint of the water, and add the 
 remaining 2 pints. This makes a good article of bluing. 
 
 Indigo Wash Bluing. 
 
 Best Bengal Indigo 5 drachms. 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, strong 30 " 
 
 After five days place mixture in a tub and pour on y z gallon boil- 
 ing water. 
 
 Flannel Washing. — To wash flannel or flannel garments, 
 prepare a good lather in hot water, and when just warm throw in 
 your flannel and work it up and down, backward and forward. 
 Scrubbing must be avoided, and no soap should be actually 
 rubbed on it as this will induce further shrinkage. Rinse in 
 warm water, twice if necessary. Never wash or rinse in hot or 
 cold water, as either causes the flannel to shrink suddenly. 
 
694 FAVORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Flannels, to Iron. — Most flannels are the better for not 
 being ironed, but in some cases it is necessary to do so. The 
 proper way is to dry the flannels, then spread them on an ironing 
 board, cover them with a slightly damp cloth, and iron over this, 
 pressing down heavily. The iron must not be too hot. 
 
 Flannel Blankets, to Wash. — Put the soiled blankets to 
 soak for fifteen minutes in plain soft warm water. Prepare a 
 soft jelly with first-class laundry soap and boiling water, 1 pound 
 of soap for every blanket. Pour this into a tub of warm water, 
 let it melt and lather it well with the hand. Wring the 
 blankets from the water, throw them into the lather, stir 
 them about and leave to soak ten minutes, then hand-rub 
 every inch of them paying especial attention to stains. Take 
 them out and wring, then rinse in warm water twice. Dry 
 well, but do not expose them to great heat. When dry, stretch 
 them in every direction, and rub all over with a piece of clean 
 rough flannel. This makes them fluffy and soft. If very dirty, 
 a little Borax may be added to the water, but no Soda or bleach- 
 ing powder should ever be used. 
 
 Blankets, to Cleanse. — Put two large tablespoonfuls of 
 Borax and a pint bowl of soft soap into a tub of tepid water. 
 When dissolved, put in a pair of blankets and let them remain 
 over night. Next day rub and drain them out, rinse thoroughly 
 in two waters and hang them up to dry. Do not wring them. 
 
 Blankets, to Cleanse. — Scrape 1 pound of Potash soap, and 
 boil it down in sufficient water so that when cooling you can 
 beat it with the hand to make a sort of jelly. Add 3 tablespoon- 
 fuls Spirits of Turpentine and 1 tablespoonful Spirits of Harts- 
 horn, and with this wash the article well, and rinse in cold water 
 until all the soap is taken off. Then apply salt and water and 
 fold between two sheets, taking care not to allow two folds of 
 the article washed to lie together. Smooth with a cool iron. 
 Use the salt only where there are delicate colors that may run. 
 
 Gloss for Starch. 
 
 French Chalk 3 ounces. 
 
 White Soap, powdered 1 
 
 Directions: Take a piece of new dry flannel and dip it into the 
 glaze powder, rub it well over the right side of the starched article 
 and proceed to iron in the usual way, when a beautiful gloss will be 
 obtained. Put in a little Borax in making the starch to give stiff- 
 ness as usual. 
 
 Gloss for Starch, Another. 
 
 Borax, powdered 1 drachm. 
 
 Spermaceti, powdered 1 
 
 French Chalk, powdered 6 
 
 Mix and sift. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 69$ 
 
 Linen, to Polish. — To each pint of Starch add the following: 
 
 Wax, powdered 2 drachms. 
 
 Soap, powdered 2 
 
 French Chalk, powdered 4 " 
 
 Linen, to Stiffen. — Boil the starch after mixing it cold. 
 Into 1 pint of starch drop a bit of White Wax, % the size of a 
 small hazlenut, and 1 teaspoonful of Brandy. The Brandy is to 
 retain the stiffness and increase it, and the Wax is to keep the 
 starch from sticking to the iron. 
 
 Flatirons, to Remove Rust, to Make Smooth. — Pour 
 coal oil (kerosene) on a folded newspaper , enough of the oil to 
 spread over the paper, and rub the iron over it several times when 
 it is taken from the stove. This will also prevent the starch 
 from sticking to it. In ironing a starched garment a flatiron 
 should not be so hot as for unstarched clothes. 
 
 Beeswax touched to a hot flatiron and the iron then rubbed on 
 paper, is also good. 
 
 Scorches, to Remove. — Spread over the cloth a paste made 
 of the following: 
 
 White Soap % ounce. 
 
 Fuller's Earth 2 " 
 
 Vinegar y z pint. 
 
 Juice of 2 Onions. 
 Mix and boil well before using. 
 
 Towels, to Wash. — Towels with handsome, bright borders 
 should never be boiled nor allowed to lie in very hot water. 
 They should not be used until they are so much soiled that 
 they need vigorous rubbing to make them clean. It is better 
 economy to use more towels. 
 
 SILVER, BRASS, ETC., TO CLEAN. 
 
 Silver, to Keep in Good Condition. — Wash in hot 
 soapsuds, then clean with a paste of Whiting and Whiskey. 
 Polish with buckskin. If silver was always washed in hot suds, 
 rinsed well and wiped dry, it would seldom need anything else. 
 
 Silver, Discolored, to Clean. — Silver articles discolored may 
 
 be cleaned by rubbing them with a boiling saturated solution of 
 
 Borax. 
 
 Note. — By "saturated solution of Borax" is meant as much Borax as the 
 water will dissolve. But a small quantity of water would be needed. 
 
 Silver, Much Tarnished, to Clean. — Silver which has 
 become much tarnished may be restored by immersion in a warm 
 solution of 1 part Cyanide of Potassium to 8 parts of water. 
 (This mixture is extremely poisonous). After washing well 
 
6g6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 with water and drying, a somewhat dead white appearance will be 
 produced, which may be quickly changed to a brilliant luster by 
 polishing with a soft leather and Whiting. 
 
 Brass, to Clean. — There are many substances and mixtures 
 which will clean brass. Oxalic Acid, Muriatic Acid, and several 
 other acids will clean brass very effectively. Oxalic Acid is the 
 best, but any acid must be well washed off, the brass dried 
 and then rubbed with Sweet Oil and Tripoli, as otherwise it will 
 soon tarnish again. Mixture to clean brass: 
 
 Soft Soap i ounce. 
 
 Rotten Stone 2 " 
 
 Another Method. — With a piece of rag put a coat of Nitric 
 Acid over the part to be cleaned. As soon as it turns a light 
 yellow, rub it dry and the brass will present a very clean appear- 
 ance. If not satisfactory, repeat. 
 
 Another Method. — The Government method, in use at all 
 the United States Arsenals, is to make a mixture of 1 part common 
 Nitric Acid to X A part Sulphuric Acid, in a stone jar, having also 
 ready a pail of fresh water and a box of sawdust. The articles 
 to be treated are dipped into the acid, then removed into the 
 water, and finally rubbed with sawdust. This immediately 
 changes them to a brilliant color. If the brass has become 
 greasy, it is first dipped in a strong solution of Potash and Soda 
 in warm water, which cuts the grease so that the acid has free 
 power to act. 
 
 Fly Specks are also removed by this process. 
 
 Brass Gas Fixtures, to Restore. — Have the water clean and 
 boiling in two vessels. Dip in one water and then in the other 
 as soon as taken from the Nitric Acid bath (see above), so that 
 there shall be no traces of acid on the fittings. Dry in sawdust 
 while hot, and place upon a piece of hot sheet iron over a stove. 
 As soon as all traces of water have left, quickly lacquer with 
 very thin Shellac varnish, using a camel's hair brush. You 
 can make the lacquer by dissolving Shellac in best Alcohol. Do 
 not touch the metal with the fingers before lacquering. 
 
 Gilt Picture Frames, to Clean. — Fly specks can be cleaned 
 off with soap and water used sparingly on the end of the finger cov- 
 ered with a piece of rag. When all cleaned off, rinse with cold water 
 and dry with chamois leather. Next buy a pound of common 
 size and two penny paint pans. Boil a little of the size in one 
 of the pans with as much water as will just cover it. When 
 boiled, strain through muslin into a clean pan and apply thinly to 
 frames with camel hair brush. Take car* not to give the frames 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 697 
 
 too much water nor rub them too hard. On no account use gold 
 size, as that is used only in regilding, and, if put on over the 
 gold, would make it dull and sticky. 
 
 Gilt Frames, to Revive. 
 
 Eggs, White of 2 ounces. 
 
 Lime or Soda, Chloride of 1 " 
 
 Mix well, blow the dust from the frame and apply with a soft 
 brush. Remove the paste, when dry, with a soft cloth or chamois skin. 
 
 FURNITURE POLISHES, STAINS, ETC. 
 
 Furniture Polish. 
 
 Acetic Acid 1 ounce. 
 
 Linseed Oil, raw 1 " 
 
 Alcohol, 188 per cent 2 
 
 Turpentine 2 
 
 Shake well before using. 
 
 The polish may be colored, if desired, by adding a little Aniline 
 brown. If made in large quantities, keep well stirred while bottling. 
 
 Furniture Stains, Polish for Removing. 
 
 Alcohol, 98 per cent 1 pint. 
 
 Resin, ground l / 2 ounce. 
 
 Gum Shellac i>£ 
 
 After the Resin and Shellac are cut in the Alcohol, mix in 1 pint 
 of Linseed Oil and give the whole a good shaking. Apply with a 
 cloth or newspaper, and polish with a flannel after applying the 
 solution. 
 
 Furniture Polish — Simple and Cheap. — A very nice polish 
 may be given to Furniture by using the following: 
 
 White Wax \% ounce*.. 
 
 Castile Soap % " 
 
 Turpentine, Spirits of y z gill. 
 
 Water y 2 " 
 
 Shave the Wax finely into the Turpentine and let stand for twenty- 
 four hours; then shave the soap very fine also, boil in the water and 
 mix with the Wax and Turpentine. Keep covered when not in use. 
 Apply to the whole surface, and polish with a chamois skin or old 
 soft silk. 
 
 Furniture, to Fill Cracks and Pores in the Wood. — 
 
 Slack recently burned lime, and take one part of this lime powdered 
 finely and two parts Rye Flour, mix into a stiff paste with boiled 
 Linseed Oil, fill the cracks and color to suit the shade of 
 furniture. 
 
 Patent Knot Filler. 
 
 Shellac, powdered 2 pounds. 
 
 Benzine 2>H pints. 
 
 Dissolve and apply. 
 
698 PA VORITB MEDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 Waxed or Hardwood Floors, to Polish. 
 
 Beeswax, yellow 1 pound. 
 
 Potash.... y z " 
 
 Boil one hour until well mixed, strain through a cloth, and put on 
 with a wide, flat brush while hot. Brush as soon as dry. Have a 
 brush made for the purpose — stiff and very heavy, with long handle 
 put on the side. Use no oil. Keep the preparation on hand in case 
 of any liquid touching and removing the wax. Wipe daily with 
 dry flannel. 
 
 Floor Stain. 
 
 Linseed Oil 1 gallon. 
 
 Umber 5 cents worth. 
 
 Heat the oil hot in an iron kettle — soap will clean the kettle easily 
 — then stir in the Umber, finely powdered, and with an old paint 
 brush apply it as hot as possible. A mop wrung out of warm water 
 will clean the floor nicely after being so oiled. 
 
 Cherry Stain. 
 
 Anatto 4 ounces. 
 
 Rain Water 3 quarts. 
 
 Boil in a copper kettle until the Anatto is dissolved, then put in a 
 piece of Caustic Potash the size of a walnut and boil gently half an 
 hour longer. 
 
 Walnut Stain. — Dissolve 1 part Potassium Permanganate in 
 30 parts water, and apply twice in succession. In five minutes 
 wash with clear water. 
 
 Ebony Stain. — Take a solution of Sulphate of Iron, wash 
 the wood over with it two or three times, let it dry, and 
 apply two or three coats of a strong decoction of L,ogwood. 
 Wipe the wood when dry with a sponge and water, and polish 
 with oil. 
 
 Mahogany Stain. 
 
 Dragon's Blood 8 ounces. 
 
 Benzine 6 pints. 
 
 Dissolve and apply. 
 
 Paint, to Clean. — Provide a nlate with some of the best 
 Whiting to be had, and have ready some clean warm water and 
 apiece of flannel, which dip into the water and squeeze nearly dry. 
 Take as much Whiting as will adhere to the flannel and apply it 
 to the painted surface, when a little rubbing will instantly remove 
 any dirt or grease. Afterwards wash the part well with clean 
 water, rubbing it dry with a soft chamois. Paint thus cleaned 
 looks as well as when first laid on, without injury to the most 
 delicate colors. It is far better then using soap, and does not 
 require more than half the time and labor. 
 
 If the paint has been varnished, boil 1 pound of bran in 1 
 gallon of water and wash with that, rinsing off with clear water 
 and drying with a soft cloth. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 699 
 
 Paint, to Remove. — Scraping or burning it off is extremely 
 laborious, and too slow for general purposes. A more thorough 
 and expeditious way is by chemical process, using for that 
 purpose a solution of Soda and Quicklime in equal proportions. 
 The solution may be made as follows: The Soda is dissolved in 
 water, the L,ime is then added, and the solution is applied with a 
 brush to the old paint. A few moments are sufficient to remove 
 the coats of paint, which may be washed off with hot water. 
 The oldest paint may be removed by this paste. The wood 
 should afterwards be washed with vinegar or an acid solution 
 to remove all traces of the alkali before repainting. 
 
 Oil Cloth, to Clean. — Wash with a large soft woolen cloth 
 and lukewarm or cold water, dry thoroughly with a soft cloth, 
 and afterwards polish with milk or a weak solution of Beeswax 
 in Spirits of Turpentine. Never use a brush, hot water nor soap, 
 as any of these will be certain to take off the paint. 
 
 Paint Brushes, Care of. — Rinse all paint brushes, pencils, 
 etc., in Turpentine, grease with a mixture of Sweet Oil and 
 Tallow to prevent them from drying hard, and put them awav 
 in a close box. 
 
 Paint Brushes, to Clean. — When a paint brush is stiff and 
 hard through drying with paint on it, put some Turpentine into 
 a shallow dish and set it on fire. L,et it burn for a minute until 
 hot, then smother the flame and work the pencil in the fingers, 
 dipping it frequently into the hot spirits. 
 
 VERMIN EXTERMINATORS. 
 
 Expelling Insects. — All insects dread Pennyroyal; the smell 
 of it destroys some and drives others away. At times of the year 
 that fresh Pennyroyal cannot be gathered, get Oil of Pennyroyal, 
 pour some into a saucer, saturate in it small pieces of wadding or 
 raw cotton and place in corners, closet shelves, bureau drawers, 
 boxes, etc. Cockroaches, ants and other insects will soon disap- 
 pear. It is also well to place some between the mattresses and 
 around the bed. It is also a splendid thing for brushing off that 
 terrible little insect, the seed tick. 
 
 Moth Exterminator. — It frequently happens that in spite of 
 care moths are discovered in the middle of the summer in trunks 
 or closets supposed to have been so impregnated with preventives 
 that their existence there would be impossible. They hide in 
 the crevices, and any attempts to dislodge them are futile. A 
 simple and effective plan is to heat stove lids, or an iron shovel, 
 red hot, pour vinegar upon the iron and let the fumes penetrate 
 the cracks which can not be reached with a powder gun. Moths 
 
;00 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 are particularly fond of new plaster, and the settling of the walls 
 of houses affords them numberless hiding places which cannot 
 well be reached except by fumigation. Sulphur is sometimes 
 burned to rid walls of any sort of vermin, but the fumes of this 
 are objectionable to many and they do not pass off so quickly 
 as those of vinegar. 
 
 Bed Bug Exterminator. 
 
 Soft Soap 4 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Water, hot 13 " 
 
 Oil Turpentine 1 " 
 
 Kerosene 2 " 
 
 Dissolve the soap in the water, add the Turpentine, stir until the 
 latter is thoroughly mixed, and finally add the Kerosene, continu- 
 ing the heat and stirring until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. 
 
 Wash the parts of the bedstead, let dry, and apply the mixture 
 with a brush to all parts frequented by the bugs. The preparation 
 may also be painted on walls, etc. 
 
 Bed Bug Exterminator, Another. — Corrosive Sublimate 
 cut in Alcohol and applied with a brush to the parts is very 
 effective. The Sublimate may be mixed with Turpentine, which 
 makes a cheaper but not so effective a preparation. Corrosive 
 Sublimate is a deadly poison and should be carefully labeled and 
 put out of the reach of children. In applying, too, care must be 
 taken not to get any of it into the eyes. 
 
 Cockroach Exterminator. — Mix 2 tablespoonfuls of Red 
 Lead and Indian meal with molasses enough to make a thick 
 batter, and apply the mixture at night where the insects frequent. 
 They will eat it readily and it will poison them. Repeat the dose 
 several nights in succession. Care should be exercised in the use 
 of this poison. 
 
 Vermin Killer for Rats and Mice. 
 
 Strychnine, Sulphate of %. ounce. 
 
 Sugar, powdered I " 
 
 Wheat Flour 14^ 
 
 Anise, Oil of x / z drachm. 
 
 Aniline, Solution of sufficient quantity. 
 
 Drop the Oil of Anise on the flour and stir thoroughly with the 
 other ingredients. Spray with the solution of Aniline, or any other 
 coloring desired, before mixing. 
 
 A Novel Rat Trap. — Take a barrel and fill it about one-third 
 full of water, then place a log endwise in the water so that one 
 end of it will just remain above the surface. Make the head of 
 the barrel a little too small to fit, and sustain it by two pins to 
 the inside of the top of the barrel, so that it will hang as if on a 
 pivot, and easily tip by touching either side. On this head, thus 
 suspended, secure a piece of savory meat. The first rat that 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 701 
 
 scents it will, to get the meat, leap on the barrel head. The 
 head will tip, or tilt, precipitating him into the water, and resume 
 its position. The rat in the water will swim to the log, get on 
 the end of it and squeal vociferously. His cries will bring other 
 rats, all of whom will be tilted into the water, and all of whom 
 will fight for the only dry spot — the end of the log. As only 
 one rat can hold it, the victor will drown all the rest, and can in 
 the morning be drowned himself. 
 
 This is an old French plan which is still followed in Paris by 
 men who make that their business; and if the contrivance is 
 ingeniously arranged, and the fried pork, or cheese bait, is made 
 sufficiently enticing, success will follow. 
 
 Sticky Fly Paper Mixture. 
 
 Yellow Resin 2 pounds. 
 
 Linseed Oil, boiled 2 " 
 
 Castor Oil 1 " 
 
 Molasses % " 
 
 Beeswax.. , yi " 
 
 Melt the Resin and the Beeswax in the oils by the heat from a 
 
 water bath. While still hot, mix in the Molasses and spread on sized 
 
 parchment paper. 
 
 Sizing for Fly Paper. 
 
 Glue % pound. 
 
 Water % 
 
 Dissolve the Glue in the water by the heat of a water bath, and 
 while hot brush on to sheets of parchment paper. When the sizing 
 has set on the paper, put on the sticky fly paper mixture (see preced- 
 ing formula) with a brush, using a metal edge to keep the margin 
 of the paper free from the mixture. 
 
 Note. — A Water Bath means one vessel set into another contain- 
 ing water, which is placed on a stove and kept hot or boiling. The 
 ingredients contained in the inner vessel are thus heated without 
 scorching or sticking to the vessel. 
 
 GARDEN AND ORCHARD INSECT ENEMIES. 
 
 To Discover Insects. — If the leaves of a plant turn reddish 
 or yellow, or if they curl up, a close inspection will generally 
 disclose that the plants are infested with a very small green 
 insect, or else with a red spider, either of which must be 
 destroyed. For this purpose scald some common tobacco with 
 water until the latter is colored to a yellow, and, when cold, 
 sprinkle the leaves of the plants with it; or a better plan is to 
 pass the stems and leaves of the plant between the fingers, and 
 then to shake the plant and water the bed well with the prepara- 
 tion immediately afterward. The latter operation destroys a 
 large proportion of the insects shaken from the plant, and is the 
 only infallible method. 
 
702 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Ants. — When these insects are troublesome in the garden, 
 fill small bottles two- thirds full of water and add Sweet Oil to 
 within an inch of the top. Plunge these into the ground near 
 the nest or hills to within half an inch of the rim, and the insects 
 coming for a sip will get into the oil and perish, as it fills the 
 breathing pores. The writer once entrapped in a pantry myriads 
 of red ants in a shallow tin cover smeared with lard, the vessel 
 having accidentally been left in their track. Another means of 
 entrapping them is to sprinkle sugar into a dampened sponge 
 and place in their haunts. When they have swarmed through 
 the sponge, it is squeezed in hot water and the trap is reset. 
 
 Cabbage Worms. — The same treatment (without using 
 Paris Green) will prove effective in destroying the common 
 cabbage worm. 
 
 Celery Pest, or Little Negro Bug. — The most effective 
 remedy so far discovered is crude Carbolic Acid mixed with 
 water, in the proportion of a tablespoonful of the former to 2 gal- 
 lons of the latter, and sprinkled over the plants; or mix the acid 
 with air-slaked lime or land plaster in the proportion of a teacup- 
 ful of the acid to a bushel of the latter, and dust over the plants. 
 Watch the young crop closely, and attack the insect with one of 
 the above remedies when he first appears. 
 
 Cucumber Beetles, which are often so troublesome, can be 
 kept away only by covering the plants with netting. 
 
 Currant Worms. — White Hellebore is an effectual remedy. 
 This is a powder of a light greenish yellow color sold in drug 
 stores. It should be thoroughly mixed with water in the pro- 
 portion of a tablespoonful of the powder to 2 gallons of the 
 water, and applied by means of a sprinkler to the leaves. Usually 
 one application is sufficient; if not, the second may be made. 
 
 Cut Worm. — A little ring of wood ashes or lime about the 
 plants will serve as a protection. By digging close to the roots 
 of the plant they have eaten they may be easily found and 
 destroyed, and thus prevented from continuing the mischief. 
 
 Cut Worms. — Where cut worms are troublesome in the 
 field, a very old and at the same time a very good remedy is to 
 entrap them in holes made near the plants; or hills, if in the 
 cornfield. An old rake handle, tapered at the end so as to make 
 a smooth hole five or six inches deep, or more, will answer very 
 well for this purpose. In the morning the worms that have 
 taken refuge in these holes may be crushed by thrusting the 
 rake handle into them again, and the trap is set for the next 
 night. It is always well in planting to make provisions for the 
 loss of a stalk or two by cut worms or other causes, as it is easier 
 to thin out than to replant. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 703 
 
 May Beetles. — These are the perfect insects of the white 
 grub, so destructive to lawns and sometimes to meadows. A 
 French plan for destroying, or rather, catching the cockchafer, a 
 very similar insect, is to place in the center of the orchard, after 
 sunset, an old barrel, the inside of which has been previously 
 tarred. At the bottom of the barrel is placed a lighted lamp, and 
 the insects, circling around to get at the light, strike their wings 
 and legs against the tarred sides of the barrel, and either get fast 
 or are rendered so helpless that they fall to the bottom. Hun- 
 dreds of beetles may be captured in this way in a single night. 
 
 Onion Maggot. — The use of chimney soot in the drills is the 
 best known remedy for this troublesome little creature. Its 
 ravages may be known from the dying of the tops. 
 
 Plant Lice. — These are readily destroyed by the use of 
 tobacco smoke or tobacco in infusion. Where the roots have 
 been attacked by the blue louse — a species of plant lice — water 
 them with strong tobacco water. If the remedy is applied in 
 season, it will save the plant. 
 
 Plant Lice, Another Remedy. — A remedy for plant lice 
 upon the terminal shoots of rose bushes (or similar hardy plants) , 
 said to work like a charm, is as follows: Take 4 ounces of 
 Quassia chips and boil for ten minutes in a gallon of soft water. 
 Take out the chips and add 4 ounces of soft soap, which should 
 be dissolved in the water as it cools. Stir well before using, and 
 apply with a moderate sized paint brush, brushing upward. Ten 
 minutes after, syringe the trees with clean water to wash off the 
 dead insects, also the preparation, which would otherwise disfigure 
 the rose trees. 
 
 Scale. — A French composition for destroying scale insects, 
 plant lice, etc., on fruit and other trees, is as follows: Boil 2 gal- 
 lons barley in water, then remove the grain (which may be fed to 
 the chickens) and add Quicklime to the liquid until it approaches 
 the consistency of paint. When cold, add 2 pounds of Lamp- 
 black, mixing it for a long time, then add 1 Y 2 pounds Flowers of 
 Sulphur and 1 quart Alcohol. 
 
 The mixture is applied with a paint brush, first using a stiff 
 bristle brush to remove moss, etc. It not only destroys the 
 insects, but gives the bark greater strength. 
 
 Slugs. — English gardeners place handfuls of bran at intervals 
 of eight or ten feet along the border of garden walks. The slugs 
 are attracted to the bran, and in the morning each little heap is 
 found covered with them. The ground is then gone over again, 
 this time the operator providing himself with a dustpan, small 
 broom and an empty bucket, when it is an easy matter to 
 
7<>4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 sweep up the little heaps and empty them, slugs and all, into the 
 bucket. In this way many hundreds have been taken in a single 
 walk. If a little salty water is placed in the bottom of the 
 bucket, the slugs, coming in contact with it, are almost instantly 
 destroyed. 
 
 Squash Bug. — Place clean white shingles on the ground 
 around the vines. The insects will be found in the morning 
 collected on the under side thereof, and may readily be destroyed. 
 
 Strawberry Slugs may be destroyed by the use of Pyre- 
 thrum, either dry or mixed with water. If this fails to remove 
 all, the Paris Green mixture will finish them. 
 
 Strawberry Worm. — Dust the leaves of the plant with 
 Quicklime when they are damp with dew or rain. 
 
 White Cabbage Butterfly. — This appears in the Northern 
 and Middle States about the last of May or beginning of June, 
 and deposits its eggs on the under side of the leaves of cabbage, 
 turnip and radish plants. These butterflies may easily be caught 
 in hand nets, as they fly lazily and are very tame. The second 
 brood of the insect (the latter part of July or the first of August) 
 may be circumvented by placing horizontal boards about one 
 inch from the ground. Upon these the caterpillars will attach 
 themselves for their change into the butterfly, and can easily be 
 collected and destroyed. 
 
 Precautions to be Adopted in Spraying.— 
 
 i. Keep poison labeled, and out of the way of children. 
 
 2. Do not spray so far into the season as to affect the fruit. 
 
 3. In making emulsions remember the inflammable nature of 
 coal oil. 
 
 4. Never spray trees in bloom. 
 
 5. Try solutions on a small scale, if likely to injure foliage, 
 and watch results. 
 
 As copper compounds act upon tin and iron, it is well to pre- 
 pare such mixtures in earthen, wooden or brass vessels. 
 
 For certain fungi and insects special mixtures must be used. 
 
 Preparations for Spraying. 
 
 No. 1. Copper Sulphate 6 pounds. 
 
 Lime 4 
 
 Water :... 22 gallons. 
 
 Dissolve the Copper Sulphate in 16 gallons of water. Slake the 
 Lime in 6 gallons of water and, when the latter is cooled, pour it 
 into the Copper solution and mix thoroughly. 
 
GENERAL HOUSEHOLD RECEIPTS. 705 
 
 No. 2. Copper Sulphate 1 pound. 
 
 Ammonia 1 pint. 
 
 Water 25 gallons. 
 
 Dissolve the Copper Sulphate in 2 gallons of hot water, and as 
 soon as cool add the 1 quart of Ammonia and dilute to 25 gallons. 
 
 The mixture should be sprayed over the infected parts. 
 
 No. 3. The most useful insecticides are those containing, as a basis, 
 Paris Green. This substance, being insoluble, does not injure the 
 foliage. A good formula is, 1 pound of Paris Green to 200 gallons 
 of water. This is very effective against leaf-eating insects. To 
 destroy plant lice and scale insects, the following emulsion may 
 be used". 
 
 N04. Soft Soap 1 quart. 
 
 Boiling water 2 " 
 
 Mix, and while hot add 1 pint of coal oil. 
 
 "When using, dilute with twice the amount of either hard or soft 
 water. 
 
 Apple Tree Borer. — Keep the base of every tree liable to the 
 attack of this insect free from weeds and rubbish, and apply soap 
 to them liberally during the month of May. Examine the trees 
 at the base in the fall, and also in the crotches, and cut out any 
 insects which may have entered the bark. 
 
 Canker Worm. — This insect attacks apple and other trees 
 and eats the leaves. The female insect is without wings, 
 hence has to crawl up the trunk of the tree to deposit her eggs. 
 Her passage up is usually very early in the spring. The remedy 
 is to put a cloth band besmeared with tar, or a mixture of tar and 
 molasses, about the trunk of the trees near the ground to prevent 
 her passage, and apply kerosene oil to the bark of the tree below 
 the strip to kill the eggs deposited there. 
 
 Grape Black-Rot. — Spray with Preparation "No. 2" six 
 times at intervals of two weeks, commencing early in May. 
 
 Grubs. — These attack apple and peach trees, and may be 
 destroyed by the method recommended for the apple tree borer. 
 However, as they attack all parts of the tree, the examination and 
 soft-soapings should be correspondingly extensive. 
 
 Pear-Leaf Blight, which appears on both leaves and fruit, 
 giving the leaves a spotted appearance and causing the fruit to 
 crack. Spray with " No. 2 " as soon as the leaves begin to open, 
 and repeat two or three times at intervals of two weeks. 
 
 45 
 
Addenda. 
 
 A CHAPTER ON MEDICINES— THEIR EFFECTS 
 
 AND USES. 
 
 By Samuel J.Wilson, M. D. 
 
 In giving treatment for the various diseases in this work, such 
 remedies have been prescribed as are usually kept, and such 
 methods recommended as may be easily and quickly applied. The 
 object in presenting this chapter on medicines is to give such 
 a clear description of the actions and symptoms produced by the 
 use of the various drugs, that those who study it will not 
 only understand the remedy needed in any given case, but will 
 understand its effects so well that the most favorable results may 
 be obtained. While no attempt has been made to describe all of 
 the remedies mentioned, enough of the better known and more 
 valuable are given to meet the requirements in nearly all cases. 
 
 No other family medical book has ever contained a chapter of 
 this kind. It will not only prove interesting and instructive, but 
 decidedly valuable to those who will familiarize themselves with 
 it. 
 
 The older methods of preparing drugs consisted in using the 
 whole plant, root, leaf or stem, either steeped and made into a 
 tea, or ground and added to a quantity of alcohol and water, 
 molasses and Holland gin, or some other menstruum. In most 
 cases such preparations necessitated a large dose, which was 
 extremely unpleasant and often nauseating. L,ater it was dis- 
 covered that every vegetable used in medicine contains a small 
 amount of active pti?taple, upon which depends its effects. In 
 most cases such active principle is without taste. Again, a dose 
 of the active principle is exceedingly small, and always definite 
 because it can be divided into exact amounts; while in the case 
 of the older remedies, the dose varies for the reason that the per- 
 centage of the active principle varies in different specimens of 
 the same drug, and for the further reason that the mode of prepa- 
 ration may or may not have extracted all of such active ingredient. 
 It • is true that what are called ' ' standardized ' ' tinctures and 
 fluid extracts are now made which contain definite amounts of 
 the active principle mentioned, but they also contain a large 
 
 706 
 
MBDICINBS. 707 
 
 amount of extractive matter, which is quite as unpleasant to the 
 taste as the older and cruder preparations. This extractive 
 matter is waste material, which is not only worthless and unpleas- 
 ant to the taste, but is often irritating to the stomach. 
 
 Another objection of equal importance is the fact that in using 
 many of the preparations of extracts, powders, pills, etc., where 
 the whole drug is employed, the fluids of the stomach, and per- 
 haps those of the digestive tract, must perform a certain amount 
 of chemical work in order to extract the active principle before 
 it can take effect. Still another important feature — perhaps the 
 most important of all — is found in the fact that many medicinal 
 plants contain more than one active principle, and these principles 
 often produce effects directly opposite to each other. Hence it 
 follows that since an active ingredient can be selected in its pure 
 state, it possesses marked advantages over all other forms of drug 
 medication. 
 
 What we have called active principles are more properly called 
 alkaloids; they are also sometimes called conce?itrations. The 
 difference between an active principle and a concentration lies 
 in the fact that an active principle, or alkaloid, is a substance 
 possessed of definite chemical composition in an absolutely pure 
 state, and of definite and unvarying effect; whereas concentra- 
 tions include everything contained in the drug that is possessed 
 of any activity, and from which the inactive constituents or waste 
 material has been excluded to such an extent as to make the 
 concentration more active and powerful than other preparations 
 of the drug where the whole plant is used, but at the same time 
 much less active than the alkaloids. As an illustration of the 
 difference between an alkaloid and a concentration, we may state 
 that the alkaloid of Coca leaves is Cocaine, whereas the concen- 
 tration of Coca leaves would contain not only the Cocaine, but 
 also other secondary substances, as the resin and tannin con- 
 tained in the leaves. Hence it will be readily understood that the 
 administration of equal weights of the alkaloid Cocaine and the 
 concentration of Coca leaves would be attended with quite diffe- 
 ren results, because the Cocaine in its pure state would be much 
 stronger than the concentration with its resin, tannin, etc.; yet 
 the Cocaine represents the medicinal quality of Coca leaves. The 
 same principle is true in many other cases, — in all cases, in fact, 
 where the active principle or alkaloid represents all of the medi- 
 cinal qualities of the drug. As already stated, some medicinal 
 plants contain more than one active principle or alkaloid. In such 
 cases it is understood, of course, that no single active principle 
 would represent the whole drug. 
 
 The drugs given in the following list are fully represented by 
 their active principles: 
 
;o8 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Aconite. — One grain of Aconitine, the active principle, is 
 equal to 350 grains of Aconite root or 350 drops of the fluid 
 extract of Aconite root. 
 
 Aconitine, the active principle of Aconite, occurs in two forms: 
 One is called the Amorphics, and the other, the Crystalline. The 
 Crystalline is four times stronger than the Amorphus. A dose of 
 the Amorphus is T Jo of a grain, while a dose of the Crystalline is 
 rfo of a grain. 
 
 Blood Root. — One grain of Sanguinarine , the active prin- 
 ciple, is equal to 40 grains of Blood Root, or 40 drops of the fluid 
 extract of Blood Root. 
 
 Colchicum. — One grain of Colchicine, the active principle, is 
 equal to 200 grains of Colchicum seed or root, or 200 drops of 
 the fluid extract of Colchicum seed or root. 
 
 Gelsemium. — One grain of Gelsemi?ie, the active principle, is 
 equal to 200 grains of Gelsemium, or 200 drops of the fluid 
 extract of Gelsemium. 
 
 Hyoscyamus. — One grain of Hyoscyamine, the active prin- 
 ciple, is equal to 1,000 grains of Hyoscyamus, or 1,000 grains of 
 the fluid extract of Hyoscyamus. The action of Hyoscyamus is 
 the same as that of Belladonna. 
 
 Phytolacca, or Poke Root. — One grain of Phytolaccine (this 
 is a concentration) represents 8 grains of Poke Root, or 8 drops 
 of the fluid extract of Poke Root. 
 
 Pomegranate. — One grain of Pelletierine, the active prin- 
 ciple, represents 30 grains of Pomegranate, or 30 drops of the 
 fluid extract of Pomegranate bark. Pomegranate bark is a popu- 
 lar remedy for tapeworm. 
 
 Aletrus, Star Grass or Unicorn Root — a uterine tonic — Aloes, 
 Belladonna, Bryonia, Buchu, Capsicum, Coffee — Coffee contains 
 Caffeine, a heart-stimulant — Chocolate — Chocolate contains Theo- 
 bromine, a heart tonic — Golden Seal, Helonias, Hemlock, Indian 
 Hemp, Jalap, Lobelia, Black Snake Root, Mandrake, Nux Vomica, 
 Quassia, Squills, Strop hanthus , Black Haw, Tea — Tea contains 
 Thein, a heart stimulant — Viburnum — a uterine sedative and 
 antispasmodic — Veratrum, Willow Bark, Wormseed, and many 
 other drugs, are fully represented by their active principles. 
 
 Note. — Tea and coffee, when used to excess, produce nervousness, 
 sleeplessness, irregular heart action, indigestion and loss of appetite. 
 
 The foregoing is called alkaloidal medication. There are 
 some who object to this system, claiming that the alkaloids 
 are dangerous medicines because they are so powerful; yet the 
 doctor who objects to alkaloids in known quantities still uses 
 infusions, tinctures, fluid extracts and other preparations, each of 
 
MBDICINBS. 
 
 709 
 
 which contains one or more of these same alkaloids in unknown 
 quantities. A doctor cannot take a bottle of the Tincture of Aco- 
 nite from the shelf and state exactly how much of the Aconitine, 
 or active principle, is contained in a single dose, for, as stated at 
 the beginning, the percentage of the active principle varies in tinc- 
 tures and other preparations made from the entire drug. 
 
 Again, we have known some physicians to object to alkaloids 
 because they are given in such small doses. They claim that it 
 borders on homeopathy; yet from what has already been stated it 
 will be readily understood that this claim is without foundation. 
 We have also heard it argued against the active principles that 
 those using them should understand their physiological effects, 
 z. e., the symptoms present when the system is being brought 
 under the influence of the drug, as this would prevent giving too 
 much; but this is equally true in using a drug in any form. It is 
 also important because it is well known that some require larger 
 doses than others, hence a minimum dose might be altogether too 
 small in one case and a maximum dose altogether too large in 
 another case. The only safe way is to give a minimum dose a?id 
 repeat at frequent intervals until there is evidence of effect. Such 
 evidence should not only be understood by the doctor, but should 
 be explained to the patient or those in attendance. This not only 
 insures safe dosage, but also insures the exact amount needed in 
 each case. There are no exceptions to this rule. 
 
 In the following list of medicines no particular form or 
 preparation has been selected. Those using the remedies can 
 choose the infusion, tincture, fluid extract, pill, powder or 
 active principle, although we might state that pills should not be 
 given to a patient with a high fever, nor much medicine to one in 
 a comatose state. During fever the mucous membrane of the 
 stomach, like that of the mouth, may be dry, in which case the 
 pills might not be dissolved; while the drowsy condition of the 
 comatose state might prevent absorption until a number of doses 
 had been taken, when improvement in the patient's condition 
 might result in all being absorbed at one time, and might thus 
 produce dangerous results. 
 
 What we have termed the "physiological effect," is a com- 
 mon term among physicians, but we shall substitute the word 
 "symptom," meaning some evidence that a smaller dose should 
 be given, or the same dose given at longer intervals. Following 
 each drug we shall first state the symptoms of its effects, and 
 second, its uses. 
 
 ACONITE— Aconitine. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — If a dose of Aconite in any form is 
 taken on the tongue and allowed to remain there, there will soon 
 be felt a tingling sensation of the lips, tongue and throat; if it 
 
710 FA VORITB MBDICAL RBCBIPTS. 
 
 is taken into the stomach and continued until effect, there will be 
 felt the same tingling sensation in the hands and fingers, feet and 
 toes, lips and face, and later a tingling or prickly sensation over 
 the whole body. With the tingling, or following it, there is a 
 sense of numbness produced. With the first evidence of this kind 
 the dose should be lessened, or when perspiration follows its use, 
 the dose should be lessened or stopped. With children who are 
 unable to explain the symptoms, the remedy should be lessened 
 or stopped when the temperature is lowered or when perspiration 
 is produced. If a child has a high fever and is restless, nervous 
 or delirious, the remedy should be discontinued when these 
 conditions are overcome. 
 
 Aconite produces its first effects upon the distal or outer end 
 of the nerve fibers, hence the tingling mentioned. This paralyzes 
 more or less the terminal fibers and they lose control. Those 
 nerve fibers supplying the small blood vessels are unable to 
 govern the size of the arteries, and the arteries dilate. It 
 will be remembered that lying just beneath the skin is a 
 large network of small vessels covering the whole outer 
 surface of the body. When these vessels dilate, a large amount 
 of blood is brought to the surface, spread out in a wide 
 sheet of superficial circulation, and then returned to absorb more 
 heat from the internal organs. The sweat glands become relaxed, 
 perspiration follows, and by this process of evaporation and elim- 
 ination the temperature is lowered. 
 
 The Use of Aconite in Fevers. — The most important use of 
 Aconite is to relieve fevered conditions. During fever the skin is 
 dry and hot, the urine is scanty, the bowels are constipated, and 
 the tongue is dry and often heavily coated. By giving small doses 
 of Aconite, frequently repeated, the skin is soon covered with 
 perspiration, the quantity of urine is increased, the bowels become 
 more active and the tongue more moist; thirst is also overcome. 
 By closely observing the tongue of a fevered patient one is often 
 able to judge of the progress of Aconite. So long as the tongue 
 remains dry, but little progress has been made upon the general 
 secretions; when the tongue and throat become moist, general 
 improvement soon follows. 
 
 In the use of Aconite it is unimportant concerning the kind of 
 fever for which it is used, or the conditions which produce the 
 fever. It is understood, of course, that the greatest benefit is to 
 be derived in acute attacks, such as pneumonia and the eruptive 
 fevers. While it is always easy to detect the presence of fever, 
 it is not always easy to detect the cause, especially at the begin- 
 ning; yet Aconite may be given without waiting for a positive 
 diagnosis. True, fever is only a symptom, yet Aconite may 
 relieve the congested and inflamed organ or part, and thus abort 
 
MEDICINES. 
 
 711 
 
 the general storm which is gathering in the distance. Draining 
 the blood from the congested area may prevent inflammation and 
 thus ward off approaching disease. In many cases Aconite may 
 be the only remedy needed besides thorough elimination of the 
 bowels. 
 
 In Catarrhal Conditions. — Sometimes following measles the 
 mucous membrane lining the air tubes presents a catarrhal 
 condition, the exudate being unhealthy and irritating and 
 accompanied by a chronic cough. Aconite is of value because 
 it increases the eliminations and thins the tenacious mucus which 
 clogs the small bronchial tubes, thus facilitating its removal. 
 Ipecac will produce the same results and give the same benefit. 
 For this particular purpose Ipecac is the better remedy for those 
 who are physically weak or debilitated. 
 
 Aconite produces the same effect on all mucous membrane as 
 that of the bronchial tubes, hence may be used in catarrhal 
 conditions of the nasal passages, kidneys, stomach and digestive 
 tract, and especially if fever is present. Aconite not only 
 produces the local effect mentioned, but also aids by relieving 
 congestion and thus removing the cause. 
 
 Other Uses. — Aconite is valuable in congestive headache, 
 neuralgia, singing noises in the ears due to congestion, in 
 tonsilitis and catarrhal sore throat. 
 
 Is Aconite a Dangerous Remedy? — We are aware that some 
 physicians claim that Aconite is dangerous, but the great safe- 
 guard in using Aconite, or any other remedy, is to note the 
 symptoms of improvement and then gradually or entirely stop 
 giving it. If the patient has been restless or delirious and 
 becomes quiet, if thirst disappears, if the dry tongue and dry 
 throat become moist, or if perspiration follows its use, the remedy 
 should be lessened. In dilating the small vessels and bringing the 
 blood to the surface, as already described, it follows that less 
 blood is contained in the internal organs and that the heart has 
 less work to do. It has been stated before that Nature never 
 carries on any work without a purpose, and if the amount of 
 blood in the heart is decreased, the action of this organ will be 
 lessened in proportion. It is in this way that Aconite lessens 
 heart action, and not because it has any paralyzing effects upon 
 the organ directly. Aconite is not recommended, however, for 
 those with a weak heart. We have used Aconite for many years 
 in treating fevers, congestion and inflammation. If used accord- 
 ing to directions, the remedy is perfectly safe for young and old, 
 and will be found valuable in relieving many diseased conditions. 
 
 Dose. — Add 8 drops of the Tincture of Aconite to 4 table- 
 spoonfuls of water, and give 1 teaspoonful of the solution every 
 thirty minutes or every hour at the beginning; or about yfa of a 
 
712 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 grain of its active principle, Aconitine Amorphus; or -g^g- of a 
 grain of Crystallized Aconitine. Either of the active principles 
 may be taken in tablet form or in solution. 
 
 There are cases where Aconite, or any other remedy taken 
 into the stomach, may produce vomiting. These cases are not 
 evidence that the remedy does not agree with the patient, or that 
 he may not be benefited by its use. It is evidence of disordered 
 digestion, and the system rebels on general principles. 
 
 ALOES— Aloin. 
 
 Aloes is fully represented by its active principle, Aloin — in 
 fact, Aloin is believed to produce more favorable results than 
 when the whole drug is used. Aloes increases the circulation in 
 the pelvic cavity, hence has a stimulating effect upon the uterus, 
 and its use should, therefore, be carefully guarded, or restricted 
 entirely, during pregnancy. 
 
 Effects and Uses. — The effects of this drug are mostly noticed 
 upon the lower part of the digestive tract, and during constipa- 
 tion here is where the trouble usually exists. Aloes or Aloin is a 
 tonic laxative, and its prolonged use does not diminish its activity. 
 It is certain and mild in its effects, though not rapid, requiring 
 from ten to twelve hours. It is usually given with other laxatives, 
 and is one of the principal ingredients in the various forms of 
 cathartic pills. 
 
 Larger doses can be given in solution than in pill form, but 
 by reason of its bitter taste it is usually given in pills or tablets, 
 and, as stated, is usually compounded with other remedies. 
 What has proven the most satisfactory, hence a very popular 
 combination, is the well known Aloin-Strychnine-Belladonna pills. 
 
 ANTISEPTIC REMEDIES. 
 
 An antiseptic is any agent or remedy that prevents putrefac- 
 tive changes. Putrefactive changes can occur only in dead 
 animal and vegetable matter, and then only under certain con- 
 ditions of heat and moisture. There is also required a ferment to 
 produce the change. Antiseptics act either directly upon the 
 ferments, destroying and weakening them so as to prevent their 
 action and development, or by forming in the substance undergo- 
 ing decomposition such changes or compounds that the ferments 
 produce no effect. Destructive changes going on in the lungs, 
 liver, kidneys and other internal organs in the living subject, can- 
 not always be reached with antiseptics, hence cannot always be 
 checked; but external wounds and the digestive tract can be pro- 
 tected with much certainty. Carbolic Acid, Corrosive Sublimate \ 
 Iodine, Salicylic Acid, Boric Acid, Salol and the Sulphocarbolates 
 are examples of antiseptics that are used internally; while 
 
MEDICINES. 713 
 
 Carbolic Acid, Permayiganate of Potash, Chloride of Zinc, Corrosive 
 Sublimate and Chromic Acid are examples of antiseptics that are 
 used externally. 
 
 ANTISEPTICS FOR THE DIGESTIVE TRACT. 
 
 There are many preparations used for this purpose. Some of 
 them have been mentioned under the various diseases. We shall 
 not attempt to enumerate all, but shall describe the two we 
 believe to be the most valuable. These are Salol and the Sulpho- 
 carbolates. The Sulphocarbolates are the better of the two in 
 the digestive tract. For this purpose they are undoubtedly the 
 best antiseptics known. 
 
 Salol. — Salol is composed, in round numbers, of 64 per cent 
 Salicylic Acid and 36 per cent Carbolic Acid. When taken 
 internally, this combination is not broken up in the stomach, but 
 upon entering the digestive tract below the stomach and coming 
 in contact with the alkaline secretions, the Salicylic Acid and 
 Carbolic Acid are separated. The separation takes place slowly, 
 however, and this allows the antiseptic properties of the two acids 
 to extend for some distance along the canal; just how far would 
 depend upon the condition present. If constipation existed, their 
 influence would not extend so far; on the other hand if the 
 bowels were active, their antiseptic influence would extend much 
 farther. The Carbolic Acid readily enters the circulation as a 
 free agent, and is said to be eliminated as such; the Salicylic 
 Acid combines with the soda salts present in the digestive tract 
 and enters the circulation as Salicylate of Soda, after which it 
 is separated from the Soda, and, like the Carbolic Acid, circulates 
 in the blood as a free agent. Both the Carbolic and Salicylic 
 Acid are eliminated by the kidneys, hence in large doses may 
 irritate these organs. 
 
 Dose. — The dose in an ordinary case of constipation or 
 unhealthy state of the digestive tract is 10 grains every four 
 hours, or four times a day; in case of threatened typhoid fever 
 and other serious conditions, 10 grains every two hours until 
 improvement, then three or four times a day. 
 
 The Sulphocarbolates. — The Sulphocarbolates are com- 
 posed of Sulphuric Acid, Carbolic Acid and a base of Soda, L,ime 
 or Zinc. The three bases are frequently combined together under 
 the name of Sulphocarbolates. In round numbers the Sulpho- 
 carbolate of Soda contains 34 per cent Sulphuric Acid, 39 per cent 
 Carbolic Acid and 27 per cent Soda; the Sulphocarbolate of Lime 
 contains 31 per cent Sulphuric Acid, 37 per cent Carbolic Acid 
 and 32 per cent Lime; the Sulphocarbolate of Zinc contains 29 
 
7 i4 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 per cent Sulphuric Acid, 33 per cent Carbolic Acid and 38 per 
 cent Zinc. Practically, they all contain about 33 Yz per cent of each 
 ingredient. 
 
 When the ingredients forming the Sulphocarbolates are separ- 
 ated in the digestive tract, the Sulphuric Acid unites with the 
 soda and other salts present. The Carbolic Acid has less tendency 
 to unite, and enters the circulation more readily, as stated under 
 Salol. The reason is that the so-called Carbolic Acid is not an 
 acid. It gives neither acid nor alkaline reaction to litmus paper; 
 in this respect it is neutral. It has, however, the power to com- 
 bine with a base and form salts, but has less tendency to do so 
 than a true acid. 
 
 The Soda, I^ime and Zinc aid in arresting putrefactive changes 
 in the digestive tract. They aid in neutralizing the gases which 
 have resulted from such changes, and thus relieve many painful 
 colicky conditions of the stomach and bowels. They aid in 
 relieving tympanitis, or bloating. They are absorbed into the 
 circulation less readily, hence extend for a greater distance along 
 the canal, and thus aid materially in producing antiseptic results; 
 in other words, they aid in producing wholesome or normal 
 conditions. The L,ime is not absorbed, but passes off with the 
 eliminations. This is also true of the Zinc, hence the influence 
 of either is more certain in producing alimentary sanitation. 
 
 In the Sulphocarbolates the Carbolic Acid is the same as in 
 the Salol, the Salicylic Acid in the Salol is replaced by the 
 Sulphuric Acid, and there is still left the Soda, I,ime and Zinc, 
 which Salol does not contain; and as these aid in arresting putre- 
 factive changes, we believe the Sulphocarbolates are the more 
 valuable. The Salol is not soluble in water, is without taste, 
 and the compound is not separated in the stomach. The Sul- 
 phocarbolates dissolve readily, and in some cases the patient 
 prefers to take them in solution; whether taken in solution or 
 tablet form, their effects are the same. The separation of the 
 Sulphocarbolates in the stomach is not without its advantage, for 
 the stomach is often unhealthy as well as the digestive tract, and 
 the Sulphocarbolates produce the same purifying effects here as 
 elsewhere. 
 
 Intestinal antisepsis is no longer a theory, but a demonstrated 
 fact. This is admitted by physicians generally, and our own 
 experience proves it true. The importance of such sanitation 
 cannot be overestimated, for most diseases have their origin in the 
 alimentary canal, and are the result of indigestion and constipa- 
 tion, which usually exist together. Antiseptics will not aid diges- 
 tion directly, yet they will check the putrefactive changes due to 
 constipation, maintain cleanliness, protect the system from many 
 
MEDICINES. 715 
 
 impurities and poisons, and allow the digestive organs to regain 
 their normal condition. Thus they aid digestion indirectly, and 
 at the same time ward off disease. 
 
 Drinking considerable quantities of water every day will also 
 aid in maintaining a healthy condition. The benefits resulting 
 from drinking mineral waters, or from the various water cures, 
 are not due to any virtues in the water, but to the large amounts the 
 patient is required to drink each day. This increases the fluid in 
 the digestive tract, flushes the capillaries or small blood vessels 
 throughout the system, and washes away many impurities, which 
 are eliminated by the increased action of all of the eliminative 
 organs — the digestive tract, kidneys, lungs and skin. This pro- 
 cess of elimination explains why the constant use of mineral 
 waters are of benefit in relieving corpulency. 
 
 In the treatment of diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles and other 
 infectious diseases, intestinal antiseptics are of the greatest 
 importance. Carbolic Acid is admitted to be the best known 
 remedy in the treatment of diphtheria. Carbolic Acid or some 
 other antiseptic is contained in all antitoxines. In treating 
 diphtheria Carbolic Acid is now quite generally used in solution 
 with clear water and injected under the skin, instead of injecting 
 antitoxine, yet there is probably no better way of giving it than 
 in combination with the Sulphocarbolates. In giving it in this 
 way the patient not only receives the benefit of the Carbolic Acid, 
 but also receives the other benefits described. In giving the 
 treatment of diphtheria it was omitted to mention that the Sulpho- 
 carbolates should be given throughout the disease. 
 
 All of the bowel diseases, including typhoid fever, result from 
 an unhealthy condition of the digestive tract. Congestion or 
 inflammation of the liver, liver abscess, cancer, consumption, 
 epilepsy, ulcer of the stomach and rheumatism also result from 
 the same cause. Many cases both of Bright' s disease and 
 chronic inflammation of the spinal cord followed by paralysis are 
 due to the same unhealthy condition. Many other important 
 diseases could also be mentioned, to say nothing of the innumer- 
 able minor ailments, such as bad breath, coated tongue, headache, 
 dizziness, palpitation, heartburn, mental stupor, nausea, vomiting, 
 also jaundice, cholera morbus, cholera infantum, neuralgia, and 
 the many emotional states known as nervousness, hysteria and 
 other depressions and hallucinations. An unhealthy digestive 
 tract may weave a web of disorders that will baffle human skill. 
 
 We are aware that we have carried the results to a consider- 
 able extent, but we have made a careful study of this question 
 for many years and are confident that we speak the truth 
 
 Dose. — The same as given under Saloi,. 
 
;i6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 ARSENIC. 
 
 Arsenic is one of the most valuable remedies in the whole 
 list of medicines. It increases tissue change throughout the 
 body and thus improves nutrition. It is also a powerful anti- 
 septic. One grain, or part, will protect nearly seven thousand 
 times its weight of tissue from degenerative or putrefactive 
 changes. In many forms of indigestion, and in all forms of 
 wasting or malignant disease, Arsenic is a valuable remedy. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptom of the effect of 
 moderate doses of Arsenic is a little puffiness of the eyelids, or 
 just beneath the eyes, followed by colicky pains and frequent 
 elimination by the bowels. Some claim that when it is given 
 it should be pushed until these symptoms appear. In our 
 experience we have never found it necessary to give the remedy 
 in such amounts, yet the results have always been most satisfac- 
 tory. After entering the stomach and digestive tract Arsenic 
 enters the circulation and is eliminated largely through the skin, 
 hence is brought in intimate relation, not only with the various 
 organs and tissues of the body, but with the individual cells 
 constituting such organs and tissues. This process of elimination 
 gives increased activity to every cell in the body. Such activity 
 increases the strength and vitality of the individual cells and 
 organs the same as physical exercise increases the strength and 
 vitality of the whole body. 
 
 The first effect oi Arsenic is upon the mucous membrane of the 
 stomach and digestive tract. It increases the flow of the digestive 
 ferments, and thus aids digestion and improves the appetite. For 
 the same reason it will in many cases quiet any painful conditions 
 of the stomach and bowels resulting from indigestion. Arsenic 
 not only aids digestion, thus rendering the food elements 
 appropriate for absorption, but by reason of its mode of elimina- 
 tion it increases tissue change throughout the whole body, thus 
 improving nutrition and assimilation; and at the same time, 
 as stated, it arrests putrefactive changes and checks morbid or 
 diseased conditions. 
 
 It should be remembered that Arsenic produces the same 
 nutritive changes in the nervous system as in other tissues, and 
 perhaps herein lies its greatest power. The nervous system is 
 the foundation upon which life and strength depend; to ren- 
 der it strong and active is to render the body strong and 
 vigorous. This means increased vitality and freedom from dis- 
 ease. Every tissue, organ and muscle, and each individual cell 
 in the body, is capable only in proportion to its nerve supply; 
 hence to increase this supply is to increase vital force and physical 
 power. Increase the strength of the fluid in the battery and you 
 increase the power of the electric current; improve the nutrition 
 
MEDICINES. 717 
 
 of the nervous system and you increase the power and vital force 
 of the individual. For the reasons enumerated, we believe that 
 Arsenic stands at the head of the list as a reconstructive agent, 
 meaning, of course, only those agents supplied by artificial 
 means. 
 
 Uses of Arsenic. — The effect of Arsenic on the mucous mem- 
 brane of the air passages is second only to its effect on the mucous 
 membrane of the stomach and digestive tract, hence it is a valu- 
 able remedy in pneumonia, bronchial catarrh or chronic bron- 
 chitis, and in consumption. It is useful in catarrhal conditions 
 of the stomach and bowels, in ulcer or cancer of the stomach, 
 in heartburn, in the vomiting of drunkards, in constipation, and 
 in chlorosis and other wasting diseases. It is of benefit in neural- 
 gia, rheumatism, gout, asthma, hay fever and St. Vitus' s dance. 
 It is recommended in many forms of heart disease, including angina 
 pectoris, or neuralgia of the heart. It is not recommended for 
 the relief of an acute attack of pain in the last named disease, but 
 its use should be continued between the attacks for some time. 
 While its influence may not be so direct, its general effects 
 are of far greater importance. This is true not only in 
 diseases of the heart, but in all other disease and conditions for 
 which it may be taken. We have stated that Arsenic is elimi- 
 nated through the skin, therefore it should not be used in acute 
 inflammatory skin diseases, but is beneficial in chronic forms. 
 
 Dose. — Its most common form of administration is Fowler's 
 Solution, which contains one per cent of Arsenic. A dose of the 
 Solution is from 3 to 5 drops, which is best given at meal time. 
 It may also be given in tablet form, or is frequently combined with 
 other remedies. Of these the Arseniate of Iron and Strychnine 
 Arseniate are the most commonly used. 
 
 BELLADONNA— Atropine. 
 
 In whatever form Belladonna is used it is entirely dependent 
 upon its single active principle, Atropine. 
 
 Symptoms of its Effects. — Dryness of the mouth and throat, a 
 red flush of the skin, perhaps first noticed on the face and chest, 
 and dilatation of the pupil of the eye. With children the symptoms 
 may be noticed by the flush or by the dilatation of the pupil. It 
 dries up the secretions of the breasts, therefore should not be 
 given to those nursing infants. 
 
 Belladonna increases the heart action, increases respiration, 
 dilates all the small vessels, thus bringing the blood to the surface 
 and producing the flush mentioned, dilates the pupil of the eye, 
 relieves or prevents spasmodic action of the involuntary muscles, 
 i. e., those not under the control of the will, or the muscles of the 
 internal organs, and dries up the secretions of the body except 
 
;i8 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 those of the kidneys and the digestive tract. The effect upon the 
 blood vessels and pupil of the eye is due to the paralyzing action 
 of the drug on the terminal or outer end of the nerve fibers, which 
 allows the arteries and the pupil to dilate. Regarding the secretions, 
 it should be remembered that every gland that aids in furnishing 
 these secretions is lined with a layer of cells which have terminat- 
 ing in them a nerve fiber, and when the drug paralyzes these 
 terminal fibers, the secreting cells of the various glands fail to 
 act. This is what makes the mouth and throat dry. Perspira- 
 tion, or elimination by the skin, is checked in the same manner. 
 
 Uses of Belladonna. — Belladonna is one of the best remedies in 
 coryza, or cold in the head, where there is considerable discharge 
 from the eyes and nasal cavities. Such catarrhal discharge may 
 be promptly checked by the action of Belladonna or its active 
 principle, Atropine. It will check tyalism, or an increased flow 
 of saliva. In many cases it will relieve the muscular spasm 
 present in asthma. Its antispasmodic action renders it a valuable 
 remedy in whooping cough. In capillary bronchitis (usually an 
 affection of children), where the air cells and small tubes are 
 being filled with the products of a catarrhal inflammation, and 
 where suffocation may follow if relief is not had, Belladonna, or 
 Atropine, is one of the safest and surest remedies to check the 
 secretions and relieve the condition. It is especially valuable in 
 these diseases in children since a child can take proportionately 
 a larger dose than an adult. The catarrhal cough that follows 
 measles may often be relieved by the use of Belladonna or Atro- 
 pine, because this remedy dries the secretions and thus relieves 
 the irritation. 
 
 Again, it is not a depressant, but a stimulant in its general 
 effects. It not only checks the catarrhal condition present in the 
 bronchial tubes, but it relieves the lungs of their congested con- 
 dition by dilating the small vessels elsewhere and allowing the 
 blood to drain away from them. Belladonna, or Atropine, is 
 valuable in relieving any organ or part of congestion or inflamma- 
 tion. True, it does not produce sweating nor lower temperature, 
 like Aconite, but it is a powerful remedy in these conditions; 
 hence may be used not only in capillary bronchitis, as mentioned, 
 but in the early stages of pneumonia, and other forms of 
 inflammation from any cause, in inflammation of the middle 
 ear, in tonsilitis and catarrhal sore throat. It is one of 
 the best remedies to check night sweats in the latter stages of 
 consumption, or when resulting from any other cause; it is valu- 
 able in collapse where the surface is pale and cold; by its power 
 to bring the blood to the surface it is one of the best remedies in 
 congestive chills; it aids in relieving colic by checking spasmodic 
 muscular action; it may relieve torticolis, or wry neck; it is valu- 
 
MEDICINES. 719 
 
 able in incontinence of children, because it is eliminated by the 
 kidneys and relieves sensitiveness and spasmodic, or uncontroll- 
 able, action of the bladder; it is valuable in relieving the pain in 
 dysmenorrhea, also in relieving ovarian pain. By its power to 
 dilate the pupil of the eye it prevents adhesions in iritis, or 
 inflammation of the iris. For this purpose it is best to use it 
 locally. It is valuable in nose bleed, in hemorrhage from any 
 cause, especially post partum, following confinement, or dangerous 
 hemorrage during typhoid fever. It checks hemorrhage the same 
 as it relieves inflammation, — by dilating the small vessels else- 
 where and allowing the blood to drain away. It increases the action 
 of the bowels and prevents pain. It is a physiological antidote 
 for Opium, though it is not usually depended upon to any great 
 extent in treating Opium poisoning; it is also an antidote for 
 tyalism produced by too much Calomel. It is the best remedy to 
 check the increased flow of all the secretions of the body follow- 
 ing a large dose of Pilocarpine. Pilocarpine has been recom- 
 mended as as important remedy in the treatment of ursemic 
 poisoning or ursemic convulsions, especially those present during 
 confinement; but the action of Pilocarpine is weakening, and the 
 profuse perspiration that follows leaves the surface cold and 
 chilly. Belladonna, or Atropine, checks the secretions, brings the 
 blood to the surface and stimulates the patient. For the same 
 reason it is par excellent in the treatment of cholera infantum or 
 cholera morbus. It is the best remedy to dry up the secretions 
 of the breasts, for which purpose some wet a thin cloth or thin 
 layer of cotton with Belladonna liniment and lay over the breasts. 
 Twelve grains of Atropine, the active principle of Belladonna, 
 dissolved in four ounces of water, may be used in place of the 
 Belladonna liniment. 
 
 Dose — A dose of the tincture of Belladonna is from 5 to 10 
 drops; of the fluid extract, 1 drop; of Atropine, -^\-§ of a grain 
 every thirty minutes or one hour until effect. Any of these 
 forms of dosage may be increased, if necessary, or under the 
 doctor's direction. 
 
 THE BROMIDES. 
 
 The effect of the Bromides is much the same as that of 
 Chloral, hence their most important therapeutic application is in 
 the treatment of cerebral disorders, i. e. , where the brain is too 
 active. In hypnotic power, or the power to relieve nervous 
 conditions and produce sleep, Bromide of Lithium is said to be of 
 first importance, Bromide of Soda second, and Bromide of Potash 
 third, although the Bromide of Potash is the one most commonly 
 used. The Bromides are useful in night terrors, convulsions, 
 
720 FA VORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 nervous headache, nervousness, sleeplessness, whooping cough, 
 change of life, St. Vitus' s dance, epilepsy, delirium tremens and 
 acute mania. 
 
 Dose. — From 20 to 40 grains. This dose, or half the amount, 
 may be repeated in two to four hours, if needed. 
 
 CASCARA SAGRADA. 
 
 Cascara Sagrada is as nearly a specific for chronic constipation 
 as any medicine can be for any disease. It relieves constipation 
 indirectly by restoring the tone of the digestive tract. It is one of 
 the most important and best known of the newer remedies. Its 
 use is not attended with the unpleasant after-effects which follow 
 the employment of cathartics, neither does it cause griping nor any 
 unpleasant symptoms. It is a mild tonic laxative, not an active 
 cathartic, therefore should not be given in large doses, but in 
 small and regularly repeated doses. It may be used in all forms 
 of chronic constipation to relieve this condition, which often 
 means the prevention of headache, neuralgia, rheumatism, typhoid 
 fever, and many other diseases both acute and chronic. In case 
 of hemorrhoids, which are usually due to obstructions in the 
 digestive tract, it is superior to most remedies. Generally speak- 
 ing, cathartics increase this trouble by their irritating effects; 
 Cascara relieves by restoring the normal condition. 
 
 Preparations. — There are a number of preparations of Cascara 
 that are used. The fluid extract, Aromatic Cascara and pills or 
 tablets, are the principal forms. When used in pill form, it is 
 generally combined with other laxatives, because of the Cascara 
 alone it requires too many pills for a dose. The Aromatic is the 
 most pleasant to take, because in this preparation the bitter prin- 
 ciple which Cascara naturally contains is removed and aromatics 
 are added. The bitter principle mentioned is claimed by some to 
 be of benefit as a tonic to the muscle walls of the stomach and 
 bowels, hence it follows that while Aromatic Cascara is pleasant 
 to the taste and effectual in causing regular action, it would have 
 to be continued for a longer time, because it does not give the 
 "tone" resulting from the action of the laxative and bitter prin- 
 ciple combined. The fluid extract contains both these principles, 
 therefore, as stated, is believed by some to be the most valuable 
 form of preparation. Our own experience has acquainted us 
 with a number of cases where it was claimed that the Aromatic 
 Cascara proved equally as valuable as the fluid extract. 
 
 Dose. — The usual dose of the Aromatic is from 10 to 20 drops, 
 taken morning and evening; of the fluid extract, a little less. 
 In either case the dose should be suited to the individual need. 
 Some require only a light dose and prefer to take it at bedtime; 
 others take it in the morning before breakfast. 
 
MEDICINES. 721 
 
 CHLORAL— CHLORAL HYDRATE. 
 
 In case of poisoning from Chloral give a tablespoonful of 
 Mustard in a glass of warm water. Repeat the warm water 
 every ten minutes until the patient vomits, adding a little Mustard 
 each time. Apply external heat in abundance. Give strong 
 coffee or other stimulants, and artificial respiration, if needed, as 
 described under Drowning. 
 
 Uses of Chloral. — Chloral is used principally as a hypnotic — 
 to relieve nervousness and produce sleep. It is a cerebral and 
 spinal sedative and antispasmodic. It relieves exciting condi- 
 tions of the mind, and is a valuable hypnotic in all nervous and 
 hysterical conditions. It is sometimes used in asthma, whooping 
 cough, after-pains, or those following labor, and ursemic convul- 
 sions. It produces but little effect upon the sensory nerves, 
 therefore is of but little value in relieving pain. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — Its effects are usually rapid, produc- 
 ing natural sleep from which the patient can be easily aroused. 
 Whenever sleep is produced or nervous conditions quieted, its 
 use should be discontinued. It lessens the heart action, lessens 
 respiration and lowers the pulse. While it is a perfectly safe 
 remedy in the proper dose, and its effects are usually lasting, 
 it is not recommended in cases of fatty heart or where the 
 heart action is enfeebled from any cause. Its principal use, as 
 stated, is to quiet nervous conditions and produce sleep. In most 
 cases of insomnia Chloral is more satisfactory in its results than 
 Morphine or Opium. The sleep produced by Chloral, as stated, 
 is usually natural, and the patient on awakening feels refreshed, 
 the mind is clear, and there are no bad after-effects. 
 
 Dose. — From 10 to 20 grains. Chloral is somewhat irritating, 
 therefore should be taken largely diluted, and enough syrup 
 added to cover the taste as far as possible. 
 
 CODEINE. 
 
 Codeine is one of the active principles of Opium, and, as 
 stated under that head, is one of the most useful. Its narcotic 
 powers are valuable, but its power to relieve severe pain is not 
 equal to Morphine; yet it relieves many painful conditions, and 
 is a most excellent remedy in states of irritability and nerv- 
 ousness. No bad after-effects follow its use as in the case of 
 Opium or Morphine. Its strength is one-fourth of that of 
 Morphine. It is a perfectly safe remedy to give to children, and 
 in adults it will often meet all the needs. Some people cannot 
 take Morphine, and in these cases Codeine usually produces 
 excellent results. Codeine possesses another advantage: there is 
 no danger of forming the habit. 
 
 46 
 
722 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Uses of Codeine. — In nearly all cases where either Opium or 
 Morphine is used, Codeine may be substituted with advantage. 
 In hysterical conditions, whether mild or bordering on delirium, 
 it works like a charm. In diabetes mellitus it is one of the best 
 remedies to check the elimination of sugar. Nearly all cases of 
 pain in the stomach or digestive tract can be controlled by 
 Codeine. In the weak and anaemic it is generally superior to 
 Opium or Morphine. In those of nervous temperament it also 
 possesses many advantages. It is of value in the ordinary cough 
 following colds, and should be used in place of Morphine. It is 
 especially recommended for children. If the effects of Codeine 
 were better understood, it would be more generally used. 
 
 Dose. — From \ to \ of a grain. Codeine is also used hypo- 
 dermically. 
 
 COLCHICUM— Colchicine. 
 
 Colchicum is fully represented by its active principle, Colchi- 
 cine. Its full effects may be obtained from its active principle, — 
 in fact, better results may be obtained from Colchicine than 
 when the whole drug is used. Colchicum increases the action of 
 the liver and kidneys, the secretions of mucous membranes, and 
 elimination by the skin. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptoms from the effect 
 of Colchicum, or its active principle, Colchicine, are nausea and 
 diarrhea. Colchicum increases the eliminations by all the 
 avenues of the body, — the lungs, skin, digestive tract and kidneys. 
 The elimination of uric acid is increased, and this clearly 
 demonstrates the use of the remedy in neuralgia and rheumatism, 
 especially the latter. 
 
 Uses of Colchicum, or Colchicine. — In rheumatism it is especially 
 valuable in plethoric or fleshy subjects. It may be used in 
 either the acute or chronic form of the disease, and is a valuable 
 addition to Salicylate of Soda. Salicylate of Soda is almost 
 universally recognized as the best remedy in the treatment 
 of rheumatism. Colchicum is also valuable in stiff joints 
 resulting from chronic rheumatism, and in that form of the 
 disease frequently called sciatica. As the cause of neuralgia 
 and rheumatism are much the same, it may be given in neuralgia 
 with benefit. 
 
 Dose. — Of the tincture of the seed, 10 to 20 drops; of the wine 
 of the seed, 10 to 20 drops; of the fluid extract of the seed, 2 to 4 
 drops; of the wine of the root, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract 
 of the root, from 1 to 2 drops; of the active principle, Colchicine, 
 Thr to T hs of a grain. 
 
 Any of the foregoing doses may be given every three or four 
 hours, more or less often as needed. 
 
MBDICINBS. 
 
 723 
 
 All fluid preparations of Colchicum are liable to vary greatly 
 in strength unless made by standard manufacturers. 
 
 DIGITALIS— Digitalin. 
 Digitalis contains five active principles. One of these is an 
 irritant and should not be used. Here we see the advantage of 
 the active principle over the whole drug, or preparations 
 including the whole drug, because such preparations include the 
 objectionable principle. The four desirable active principles are 
 combined under the head of Digitalin. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — Strong heart beat, which in some 
 cases is noticed by the patient; full, strong pulse, which also 
 may be easily detected by the patient or those in attendance; and 
 full, strong and distinct heart sounds. Whenever these results 
 are obtained, it is evidence that the dose should be lessened, or 
 that the remedy should be stopped altogether, for a time at least. 
 It is understood, of course, that where these conditions are 
 already present, Digitalis, or Digitalin, is not needed. 
 
 Digitalis is a heart tonic, and perhaps occupies first place among 
 the remedies of this kind. It produces its effects by increas- 
 ing the power of the inhibitory, or restraining, nerves,. and these 
 gain control over the accelerators, or those nerves which 
 otherwise would produce rapid heart action. Digitalis, or the 
 combination of its active principles, Digitalin, also stimulates the 
 nerves controlling the size of the small blood vessels, and these 
 contract, producing an effect which is opposite to that of Aconite 
 or Atropine. By slowing the heart action there is given a longer 
 interval of rest between the beats, the cavities of the heart are 
 more completely filled with blood, and the organ makes greater 
 effort to force the blood out. This is another reason why its 
 action is stronger. Again, it requires greater effort to send the 
 blood through the circulatory system, because the small vessels 
 are contracted, as stated, and the force of the heart beat increases 
 in proportion to these extra demands made upon it. 
 
 Uses of Digitalis. — By reason of its power to improve the circu- 
 lation Digitalis is sometimes given to relieve congestion and 
 inflammation. Aconite, Veratrum and Belladonna relieve inflam- 
 mation by dilating the small vessels elsewhere and allowing the 
 blood to drain away from the affected area, while Digitalis is given 
 with a view of forcing the blood through the diseased parts. This 
 is the object when giving Digitalis in acute congestion or inflam- 
 mation of the lungs. Digitalis is not advised in Aortic Regurgi- 
 tation (see Heart, Diseases of), for in this case to slow the 
 heart action would allow more blood to regurgitate from the 
 arteries back into the heart cavity. Some forms of dyspepsia 
 may be influenced by a sluggish circulation about the stomach. 
 
724 ? A VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 These cases are improved by the use of Digitalis, because with 
 increased heart action and contraction of the small vessels, it 
 must follow that the blood is driven with greater force. In 
 typhoid fever and other lingering diseases, where the heart 
 naturally becomes weak from poisons and lack of nourishment, 
 Digitalis is of benefit. By reason of the increased circulation 
 and greater blood pressure following the use of Digitalis, it is of 
 value in increasing the action of the kidneys, hence is an import- 
 ant remedy in dropsy, both in overcoming the pressure due to the 
 dropsical conditions and in eliminating the fluid. When given to 
 relieve dropsy, Caffeine, the active principle of Coffee, and Scillitine, 
 the active principle of Squills, may be added with advantage. Caf- 
 feine is a heart tonic. It also stimulates the cells lining the collect- 
 ing tubes of the kidneys and increases elimination. Squills, or its 
 active principle, also stimulates the action of the kidneys. Neither 
 of these remedies should be given in acute inflammation of the 
 kidneys, because to increase their action at this time would be to 
 increase the inflammation. This is more especially true of 
 Squills. The action of Digitalis is slower than that of many 
 other heart tonics, therefore is not so valuable in collapse and 
 other conditions where immediate effects are required. Its effects 
 are more lasting, however, thus making it more valuable where a 
 longer effect is desired. 
 
 We have heard it argued against Digitalis, or its combination 
 of active principles, Digitalin, that it may produce cumulative 
 effects, i. e., no results are produced for a time, and then the 
 combined effects of a number of doses occur at once. This claim 
 is not supported by the facts, however. If the drug is given in 
 solution and the fluids of the stomach are normal, there will be 
 no cumulative action. Neither Digitalis nor any other remedy 
 circulates in the blood for days, and then suddenly takes effect 
 with disastrous results. Opium is far more likely to produce 
 cumulative effects, but Opium is a convenient remedy for so 
 many conditions. It quiets the patient, saves the doctor so much 
 time and often produces such immediate results, that cumulative 
 action is not charged against it. Pills may lie in the stomach for 
 days when there is a high fever, because the mucous membrane 
 is dry and absorption is slight. Improvement in the normal 
 secretions may dissolve the pills all at once, and they may enter 
 the circulation rapidly and produce dangerous, results. This is 
 why we stated in the beginning of this chapter that pills should 
 never be given to a fevered patient, nor much medicine to one in a 
 comatose state. 
 
 Dose.—Oi the tincture of Digitalis, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid 
 extract, 1 drop; of Digitalin, T ^ to -gV of a grain. May be given 
 once in four hours until effect. 
 
MBDICINBS. 725 
 
 ERGOT. 
 
 Ergot is a powerful agent in contracting the uterus, therefore 
 should not be given during pregnancy. It contracts the small 
 blood vessels throughout the whole system, thus rendering it a 
 valuable remedy in hemorrhage. Its effects upon the arterial 
 system are the result of its action upon the muscular coats of the 
 vessels. 
 
 Uses of Ergot. — It is sometimes of value in varicose veins, 
 enlarged prostate and aneurism. Its effects upon aneurism, how- 
 ever, prove unsatisfactory if the tumor is situated on a large 
 artery. It is also used in menorrhagia, nosebleed, hemorrhage 
 from the lungs and hemorrhage resulting from typhoid fever. 
 Ergot contracts all of the involuntary or internal muscles, con- 
 tracts the bladder and increases the kidney action. It contracts 
 the small vessels to such an extent that its continued use is said 
 to have caused gangrene of the lower limbs. It is said to be use- 
 ful in incontinence of urine and diabetes mellitus. Its special 
 action, however, is upon the uterus, and this renders it valuable 
 in subinvolution — where the uterus remains large after confine- 
 ment — in uterine polypus and in fibroids or tumors of the uterus. 
 It is also thought by many to be one of the best remedies to con- 
 trol hemorrhage following childbirth. In normal labor many 
 physicians use Ergot after the child is born to aid in contracting 
 the uterus. Regarding its effects in such cases, see note under 
 
 IyABOR . 
 
 Dose. — The fluid extract of Ergot is the preparation generally 
 used. In menorrhagia, subinvolution, and other conditions where 
 its use is continued for some time, give % teaspoonful of the 
 fluid extract four times a day; to check hemorrhage, give 1 tea- 
 spoonful and repeat in thirty minutes. For dangerous hemor- 
 rhage it should be given with a hypodermic needle. 
 
 OELSEMIUM— Gelsemine. 
 Gelsemium is fully represented by its active principle, Gelse- 
 mine. This drug lessens heart action, lessens respiration, relaxes 
 the muscular system and deadens sensibility. However, like 
 Aconite, Veratrum, Belladonna and other remedies, if Gelse- 
 mium, or its active principle, Gelsemine, is used intelligently, 
 it is a perfectly safe remedy. It is not recommended for weak 
 subjects nor those with a weak heart. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects.- — The first symptoms of its effects are 
 a sense of languor, and drooping of the upper eyelids. If its use 
 is continued, there will be dilatation of the pupils and nausea, 
 and the weakness will be increased. 
 
 Gelsemium by its action on the heart slows circulation: th.= 
 pulse is less rapid and blood pressure is lowered. This, together 
 
726 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 with its effects on respiration, lessens tissue change and lowers 
 temperature; hence it is used in fevers, especially in the painful 
 conditions sometimes met in rheumatism and neuralgia, in sciatic 
 rheumatism, or rheumatism of the sciatic nerve, in ovarian neu- 
 ralgia and in dysmenorrhea. In many of these cases it may be 
 given with benefit. It is also recommended in remittent fevers. 
 It relieves spasmodic muscular action in asthma and distressing 
 coughs. It aids in relieving after-pains, or those following labor. 
 It is sometimes used in whooping cough. 
 
 Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract, 2 
 to 5 drops; of the active principle, ^-^ of a grain. May be given 
 every three hours until effect. ' 
 
 GLONOIN— NITROGLYCERINE. 
 
 Glonoin is one of the most rapid and powerful stimulants 
 known. Its effects are not lasting, however, but pass off within 
 an hour. It is a powerful stimulant to the heart and respiration. 
 It also dilates the small vessels, and thus brings the blood to the 
 surface. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — Headache and flushing of the face. 
 It may be used either in solution or in tablets. The tablets are 
 the most convenient. Absorption takes place much more quickly 
 from the tongue than from the stomach, and if a Glonoin tablet 
 is dissolved on the tongue, its effects may be noticed in from two 
 or three to five minutes. The effects can probably be produced 
 more quickly this way than by giving it with a hypodermic 
 needle, because in using the needle a little time is required to get 
 the dose ready. 
 
 Uses of Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine. — By reason of its rapid and 
 powerful action Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine, is one of the best 
 remedies in emergency cases, i. e. y in accident or collapse. In 
 cases of this kind where the face is pale and the surface cold, 
 Glonoin often proves to be one of the most valuable of 
 remedies. In fainting, in low conditions, in collapse during 
 typhoid fever or pneumonia, or following the administration of 
 Chloroform where the patient does not rally and where death 
 seems imminent, Glonoin is the best stimulant and the one 
 most likely to revive the patient. It should be remembered, 
 however, that where vitality is low from any cause, so powerful a 
 stimulant should be given in small doses. Overstimulation might 
 paralyze the heart's action, and this would hasten death rather 
 than afford relief. This is equally true of other stimulants. Over- 
 stimulation will always produce death. 
 
 Many cases of dysmenorrhea may be relieved with Glonoin. 
 As stated, Glonoin, or Nitroglycerine, dilates the small vessels, 
 and this relieves the congested uterus. Asthma, neuralgia, 
 vomiting, dizziness, toothache and seasickness may often be 
 
MHDICINES. 
 
 72; 
 
 relieved or benefited by the use of this remedy. In asphyxia 
 from inhaling illuminating gas it is valuable. It is also a valu- 
 able aid in treating cases of suspected drowning. 
 
 Dose. — From ^io to rio °* a grain. 
 
 Note — Nitrite of Amyl produces a more rapid action than Glonoin. Its 
 effects are more transient, however, and again, it is not so convenient a 
 remedy. 
 
 IODINE. 
 
 Iodine is made from the ashes of Seaweed. It is never taken 
 internally in its clear state. Poisoning from Iodine increases 
 the flow of saliva, causes a catarrhal condition of the eyes, and, 
 in fact, increases the secretions of all mucous membrane; also 
 produces burning heat and pain in the stomach, nausea, vomiting, 
 diarrhea and collapse. 
 
 Antidote. — A teaspoonful or two of starch taken in a little 
 water forms Iodide of Starch and relieves the danger at once. 
 This should be followed with a tablespoonful of ground Mustard 
 in a tumblerful of warm water to produce vomiting. If results 
 are not satisfactory, repeat the dose of warm water every fifteen 
 minutes, but after the first tumblerful add only 1 or 2 teaspoon- 
 fuls of the Mustard. Iodine is absorbed from the stomach very 
 rapidly, therefore the antidote must be given early. After 
 vomiting, give mucilaginous drinks and allow only mild liquid 
 food for a few days, or until the inflammation of the stomach 
 has subsided. 
 
 Iodine is readily diffusible and, as stated, enters the circula- 
 tion rapidly from the stomach. As a medicine its effects are 
 those of a general disinfectant. It liquefies the products of 
 inflammation, thus rendering them more readily taken up by the 
 circulation and eliminated. It forms soluble iodides with metallic 
 salts, hence is valuable in relieving the system of Mercury where 
 this remedy has been taken for some time; also of lead in cases 
 of chronic lead poisoning, sometimes found in painters and those 
 who manufacture paints. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — Taken in medicinal doses, the first 
 symptoms of the effects of Iodine are a catarrhal condition 
 of the eyes and increased flow of saliva. By increasing the 
 secretions of the mucous membrane along the digestive tract, diar- 
 rhea may result. Eruptions on the skin may also occur. It is 
 also slightly diuretic, increasing the secretions of the kidneys. 
 By reason of its effects on mucous membrane Iodine is sometimes 
 used in chronic bronchitis. By its power to liquefy and eliminate 
 inflammatory products it is a valuable remedy following pneu- 
 monia, pleurisy, typhoid fever, or inflammations from any cause. 
 By reason of its antiseptic properties it has been highly recom- 
 mended in consumption. By reason of its power to stimulate 
 
?2S FAVORITE MBDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 absorption it is frequently used externally in glandular swellings, 
 swollen joints, etc. It is also applied externally to boils, 
 carbuncles, ringworm and chilblains. When used in strong 
 solution, it acts as a counter-irritant and is a frequent addition 
 to liniments; also used externally in the form of ointments. It 
 is a well known remedy in syphilis, especially in the latter 
 stages. It is sometimes injected in strong solution into cavities, 
 such as hydrocele, where it causes local inflammation, the new 
 tissue growth uniting the inner surfaces of the sac and obliterating 
 the cavity. Iodoform is only another means of using Iodine. 
 This well known remedy is frequently used in dressing wounds. 
 It is also taken internally in pill or tablet form. Iodide of 
 Iyime is highly recommended in spasmodic croup. There are 
 several preparations of Iodine for internal use. Some prefer one 
 form, some another; the object is the same in each case, and the 
 different combinations are only different methods of administra- 
 tion. Any of the preparations should be taken between meals, 
 because if taken with the meals, the Iodine unites with the 
 starch in the food, forming Iodide of Starch, as stated, which 
 destroys the effect. 
 
 For the rheumatic swelling of joints a most excellent applica- 
 tion is Tincture of Iodine and Water of Ammonia, equal parts. 
 After standing a few hours the mixture turns very light in color. 
 This combination forms Iodide of Ammonia. The Ammonia is 
 stimulating, and the Iodine renders the inflammatory products 
 soluble, thus facilitating their ready removal. 
 
 Dose. — Syrup of Hydriodic Acid, i teaspoonful between meals. 
 
 Tincture of Iodine, 5 to 8 drops taken in water or milk. 
 
 Iodide of Ammonia, from 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 Iodide of Soda, from 2 to 5 grains. 
 
 Iodide of I^ime, when given to children for spasmodic croup, 
 should be given in J /i or Yi grain doses, dissolved in a little hot 
 water, and the dose repeated every 15 to 30 minutes until relief 
 is had. 
 
 Iodoform, 1 grain three or four times a day. 
 
 IPECAC— IPECACUANHA. 
 
 Ipecac is fully represented by its active principle, Emetine. 
 Ipecac or its active principle is much used in unhealthy condi- 
 tions of the mucous membrane of the air passages, stomach and 
 digestive tract. It is also used in large doses as an emetic. For 
 this purpose Ipecac is a perfectly safe remedy for adults or 
 children. It produces vomiting by stimulating that part of the 
 brain which controls the action. Its emetic effects are also said to 
 be due to some extent to its local action on the mucous membrane of 
 the stomach. The nerves that control the stomach have their origin 
 
MEDICINES. 729 
 
 in the brain, therefore, what is supposed to be the local action is 
 in reality its effect on the nerves mentioned, the impulse thus 
 produced being conveyed to the brain. When taken in moderate 
 quantities, Ipecac relaxes the voluntary and involuntary muscles, 
 and this allows the small arteries to dilate the same as described 
 under Aconite and Belladonna. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — The first symptom is nausea. If its 
 use is continued after this symptom appears, vomiting will result. 
 
 Uses of Ipecac. — Ipecac is a valuable remedy in catarrhal con- 
 ditions of the respiratory organs and digestive tract. During the 
 early stages of a cold where there is congestion of the mem- 
 brane lining the bronchial tubes or air passages, the mucous 
 membrane is often dry. This produces irritation and a hoarse 
 cough. Ipecac increases the secretions of the mucous membrane, 
 and this relieves the irritation and aids in relieving the trouble. 
 The effects of Aconite in this condition are the same. In bron- 
 chitis, where the secretions are excessive, thick and tenacious, 
 Ipecac is of value in draining the congested or inflamed vessels 
 and in thinning the secretions mentioned, thus facilitating their 
 elimination; hence it is of value in cough medicines. The same 
 effects are produced in the stomach when a catarrhal condition is 
 present. It frees the stomach walls of unhealthy exudate, relieves 
 nausea and headache and improves digestion. When there is con- 
 gestion and unhealthy eliminations in the digestive tract, the 
 effects are the same. First, the engorged vessels are drained, 
 thus relieving congestion and inflammation and increasing the 
 fluids, which wash away the diseased products and restore the 
 mucous membrane to a healthy condition. Here Ipecac acts both 
 as a laxative and a disinfectant. 
 
 The great benefit to be derived from Ipecac in bowel troubles 
 cannot be too strongly emphasized. If there is catarrhal jaun- 
 dice present, that is, if the mucous membrane lining the duct 
 through which the bile passes from the liver into the digestive 
 tract is congested, swollen or inflamed, and more or less filled with 
 unhealthy products, Ipecac gives the same relief and produces 
 the same sanitary effects as elsewhere. Ipecac also stimulates the 
 liver, increasing the flow of bile and thus aiding in clearing up 
 unhealthy conditions. It also acts as a diuretic, increasing the 
 action of the kidneys. 
 
 Ipecac is of value in amenorrhea when produced suddenly as 
 a result of taking cold. By its power to relax spasmodic muscu- 
 lar action, it is of value in spasmodic croup. It aids in relieving 
 bad breath, bad taste in the mouth and eructations when due to 
 a disordered stomach. Ipecac is frequently used in large doses 
 to produce vomiting; small doses have a directly opposite effect 
 and aid in checking vomiting. Two or three drops of the Fluid 
 
730 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 Extract of Ipecac stirred into half a glass of water and given in 
 teaspoonful doses every ten or fifteen minutes, will often prove 
 successful in relieving nausea or checking vomiting. 
 
 Dose. — The dose of the syrup is from 5 to 10 drops; of the 
 fluid extract, 1 drop; of the active principle, Emetine, T V of a 
 grain. The dose of any of the foregoing preparations may be 
 increased or diminished, as required. As an emetic, the dose is 
 1 teaspoonful of the syrup, or from 10 to 20 drops of the fluid 
 extract, every fifteen to twenty minutes. For other purposes 
 Ipecac is combined with other remedies, as on pages 95 and 252. 
 
 IRON. 
 
 Iron is an astringent, contracting the small blood vessels. It 
 increases the power of the red blood corpuscles to absorb oxygen 
 while passing through the lungs, and is used in many low condi- 
 tions to aid in building up the system. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — There are no immediate or early 
 symptoms produced by medicinal doses of Iron. Iron is absorbed 
 into the circulation mostly from the duodenum, or that part of 
 the small bowel nearest the stomach, although it is also absorbed 
 to some extent from the stomach and along the digestive tract. 
 
 Regarding the manner in which Iron enters the circulation, it 
 may be stated that the inorganic salts, i. e. , the Iron given artifi- 
 cially, stimulates the absorption of the organic Iron, or that form 
 contained in the food products, and at the same time the Iron 
 taken artificially enters into combination with the sulphureted 
 hydrogen which is present in the digestive tract, and then 
 enters the circulation. 
 
 Uses oj Iron. — By increasing the oxygen carrying power of 
 the red blood corpuscles Iron increases oxidization, and this 
 increases the tissue changes throughout the body. Iron in 
 repeated doses not only increases the power of the red blood 
 corpuscles, as stated, but increases their number also. This 
 means increased nutrition and assimilation, and in this way Iron 
 improves the condition of both the blood and tissues. It stimu- 
 lates increased activity of the mental faculties, and at the same 
 time increases the physical powers. Iron is of value in all forms of 
 anaemia, in chlorosis, scrofula and Bright' s disease. It is valuable 
 in erysipelas where the subject is pl^sically weak and the skin is 
 pale. It is of value in neuralgia when the patient lacks "tone." 
 It is an astringent, therefore is sometimes used in diarrhea. By 
 reason of its astringent properties it is also sometimes used in 
 hemorrhage, in nosebleed, and in menorrhagia, or hemorrhage 
 from the uterus. 
 
 By reason of its power to contract the small vessels Iron is 
 sometimes used in solution locally to check hemorrhage, although 
 it is claimed that it coagulates the blood for some distance along 
 
MHDICINBS. 731 
 
 the arteries and veins, and that such coagulum may undergo 
 decomposition later and thus poison the system; hence its local 
 use is not so frequent as in former years. 
 
 Preparations. — The Tincture of the Chloride of Iron contains 
 Hydrochloric (Muriatic) Acid. This form has a more direct 
 influence on digestion, because Hydrochloric is the natural acid 
 present in the digestive fluid of the stomach. This is one reason 
 why Tincture of Iron is the best form for internal use. What is 
 called Dialized Iron is Iron in solution. Dialized Iron contains 
 16 grains of Metallic Iron to the ounce. This form is not inju- 
 rious to the teeth, possesses an agreeable taste, and is harmless 
 to the mucous membrane of the stomach and digestive tract. 
 There are also many soluble Salts of Iron for internal use. Those 
 containing Quinine and Strychnine are frequently used. Iron 
 may also be conveniently used in pill or tablet form. Arsenic 
 and Iron are frequently combined in pill or tablet form, called 
 Arseniate of Iron. Iodide of Iron is another combination which 
 may be given in pill or tablet form. Syrup of Iodide of Iron is 
 also a popular form for internal administration. 
 
 Dose. — Of the Tincture of Chloride of Iron, 10 drops; of the 
 Syrup of Iodide of Iron, from 10 to 30 drops; of Dialized Iron, 
 from 10 to 30 drops; of Metallic Iron in pill form, from 1 to 3 
 grains. Any preparation of Iron should be taken after meals. 
 It is absorbed into the circulation slowly, hence should be given 
 in small doses and its use continued for some time. 
 
 JABORANDI— Pilocarpine. 
 The action of Jaborandi depends upon two active principles 
 contained in the leaves: One is called Pilocarpine, and the other, 
 Jaborine. When taken into the system, the effects of these two 
 principles are directly opposed to each other. Pilocarpine 
 increases the secretions of the glandular structures of the body, 
 while Jaborine checks them. However, Pilocarpine is in excess, 
 so that when the whole drug is used, or preparations made from 
 the whole drug, the secretions are increased'; but it will readily 
 be seen that a larger amount is needed than when the Pilocarpine 
 is given alone. Thus we are continually reminded of the fact 
 already stated, that when the active principles are separated and 
 used singly, the effects are far more satisfactory. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effect. — Jaborine is seldom used, therefore we 
 shall give only the effects of Pilocarpine, which in some condi- 
 tions is a very important and useful remedy. As stated, Pilocar- 
 pine increases the secretions of all the glandular structures of the 
 body. The first effects are noticed by the increased flow of 
 saliva. This one symptom is all that is needed to show that the 
 system is being brought under its influence. Pilocarpine has 
 
732 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 been recommended in this work as one of the most useful reme- 
 dies to produce elimination in uraemic convulsions. When given 
 for this purpose, its full effects are usually desired, hence no 
 attention is paid to the symptom given — increased flow of saliva. 
 It is claimed that Pilocarpine produces contraction of the uterus, 
 therefore should not be given in case of pregnancy. When a 
 large dose, % to x /i of a grain, is given with a hypodermic needle, 
 elimination is increased by all the avenues of the body — those of 
 the lungs, digestive tract, kidneys and skin. The greatest 
 amount of elimination takes place through the skin. To see a 
 person thoroughly under the influence of Pilocarpine is to see a 
 very uncomfortable individual. The water is pouring out over 
 the surface of the body. The increased secretions of the mucous 
 membrane lining the bronchial tubes and air cells cause free 
 expectoration. Added to these are the secretions of the throat, of 
 the salivary glands and of the nasal cavities. The result is a 
 constant flow from the mouth and nose. The secretions of the 
 stomach may be so profuse as to cause vomiting; those of the 
 digestive tract may cause an active movement of the bowels; 
 those of the kidneys cause an increased flow of urine; and the 
 pores of the skin pour out large amounts of water. In this way 
 from three to six pints of fluid may be eliminated in three or four 
 hours, or the effects may last from three to five hours. The 
 natural result of this experience is a weakened heart action, weak 
 pulse, weak respiration, and a pale, cold surface ; hence Pilocar- 
 pine is not recommended for those with a weak heart or weak lungs. 
 
 Uses of Pilocarpine. — In uraemic convulsions in confinement 
 the patient is often unconscious, and in this condition may be 
 unable to expel from the lungs all of the increased bronchial 
 secretions; hence they may reach such proportions, fill the small 
 air tubes and exclude the air to such an extent that the condition 
 of the patient becomes serious. Should this condition present 
 itself, it may be speedily checked by a hypodermic of Atropine. 
 Atropine checks the secretions and further relieves the lungs by 
 bringing the blood to the surface. It also stimulates the heart 
 action and stimulates respiration. (See Uremic Convulsions, 
 also see Belladonna in this chapter). Besides its value in 
 the treatment of uraemic convulsions, it is useful in smaller doses 
 in other conditions. Following labor, when the secretions of 
 the breasts are limited or entirely wanting, A \ of a grain of 
 Pilocarpine, more or less, given four times a day, will increase 
 the secretions. It is one of the best remedies for this purpose, 
 and in nearly every case will prove successful. 
 
 It will be noticed that the action of Pilocarpine is directly 
 opposite to that of Atropine, therefore it is a physiological 
 antidote for Atropine. Atropine checks the secretions; Pilocar- 
 
MEDICINES. 
 
 733 
 
 pine increases them. Atropine dilates the pupil of the eye; 
 Pilocarpine contracts it. And, vice versa, following a full dose 
 of Pilocarpine, Atropine is one of the best remedies to check 
 the secretions when they have gone far enough, to bring the blood 
 to the surface and to increase the heart action and respiration. 
 
 A severe cough with no expectoration may be due to the dry 
 condition of the mucous membrane which lines the air cells and 
 small air tubes. One- tenth of a grain of Pilocarpine four times 
 a day will increase the secretions, render the membrane moist, 
 relieve the irritation and aid in checking the cough. For the 
 same reason it is valuable in dry bronchitis. Pilocarpine is 
 valuable in eliminating the poisons in diphtheria, in erysipelas in 
 the strong and robust, and in relieving an attack of asthma. In 
 cases of baldness where the hair follicles are not destroyed, Pilo- 
 carpine will produce a new growth of hair. (See Baldness.) 
 
 Dose. — T 'o- of a grain four times a day. Also given hypoder- 
 inically. 
 
 JALAP. 
 
 Jalap stimulates liver action and increases the flow of bile. It 
 also increases the fluids of the digestive tract, hence is followed 
 by large watery evacuations. This renders it especially valuable 
 in the various forms of dropsy, — in abdominal dropsy from any 
 cause, in cardiac dropsy, meaning water in the sac surrounding 
 the heart, and other forms of dropsy in the chest cavity. In all 
 of these conditions it rapidly removes the fluids from the body, 
 and thus relieves difficult heart action and labored breathing. 
 It is also valuable in bronchitis where the lungs are congested, 
 and in all forms of congestion or inflammation of any organ or 
 part. 
 
 Dose. — From 5 to 10 grains. Jalap is sometimes combined 
 with Cream of Tartar, and this combination given in small and 
 continued doses is perhaps equally as valuable in relieving the 
 system. It is also sometimes combined with Calomel and other 
 cstn3.rtics 
 
 MUX VOMICA-^ Strychnine. 
 
 Nux Vomica possesses two active principles, Strychnine and 
 Brucine. Strychnine is the principle generally used, and is 
 believed by many to be one of the most valuable of stimulants. 
 It increases the heart action, increases respiration, and stimulates 
 the whole nervous system, both the motor and sensory, thus 
 removing the sense of weariness and increasing the capacity for 
 labor, both mental and physical. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — The symptoms resulting from the 
 use of Strychnine are a slight nervousness, or slight muscular 
 tremor, which may be first noticed in the hands ; or there may 
 
734 
 
 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 be slight stiffness felt in the muscles of the throat, neck or else- 
 where. If its use is continued, or the dose is increased after 
 these symptoms are present, it may result in spasmodic and uncon- 
 trollable muscular action. 
 
 Uses of Strychnine. — Strychnine is one of the most powerful 
 stimulants known. It increases the secretions of the stomach 
 and digestive tract, and also increases peristalsis, or the action of 
 the bowels. By stimulating the muscular coats of the bronchial 
 tubes it contracts the air passages and aids in the elimination of 
 unhealthy secretions; by stimulating the muscle walls of the 
 small vessels it contracts the arteries, and this contraction, with 
 the increased heart action, increases both the blood pressure and 
 the circulation. It aids in contracting the uterus. By its power 
 to produce muscular contraction it may be used in preventing 
 distension of the abdominal cavity in peritonitis. Its stimulating 
 and tonic effects are valuable in all cases where there is great 
 prostration of the physical powers, or that condition commonly 
 called shock, whether following an accident, an operation, or from 
 any other cause. Its tonic effect renders it a valuable remedy in 
 typhoid fever, capillary bronchitis and pneumonia, and relieves 
 the necessity of any form of alcoholic liquors. Added to the Syrup 
 of Hypophosphites, and this combined with Extract of Malt, it is 
 valuable in consumption or enfeebled conditions from any cause. 
 By some it is believed to have a special tonic effect on the lungs, 
 and it is claimed that during its use the blood contains more 
 oxygen. This claim is easily accounted for when we remember 
 that the circulation through the lungs is increased. It is one 
 of the best tonics for those who are trying to break off from 
 the liquor habit. In small doses, -j-J-g- to -gV of a grain, taken 
 before meals, it is a valuable stomachic, 'exciting an increased 
 flow of the digestive ferments and increasing functional activity; 
 by reason of its general stimulating and tonic effects it in- 
 creases the amount of all the digestive ferments. Small doses 
 may check the vomiting of pregnancy, cure sick headache and 
 aid in relieving seasickness. It may be given with benefit 
 during the passage of gall-stone or stone from the kidney. 
 In this case results are obtained by the power of the Strychnine 
 to contract the muscle fibers of the duct leading from the gall 
 bladder, or those of the ureter leading from the kidney, such 
 action aiding in expelling the stone. It also aids in relieving 
 strangulated hernia by increasing peristalsis, thus helping to 
 release the imprisoned bowel. 
 
 Nux Vomica in tincture or any other form of solution is not 
 usually given, because its taste is so decidedly bitter. Its active 
 principle, Strychnine, has been largely substituted. This can be 
 taken in pill or tablet form without taste. The action of Brucine 
 
MBDICINBS. 735 
 
 is the same as that of Strychnine, but the effects are much milder, 
 hence the remedy is often used for children. 
 
 Dose. — A dose of the Tincture of Nux Vomica is from 5 to 20 
 drops; of Strychnine, from ^ to ^ of a grain; of Brucine, for 
 children, from ^ to T \ of a grain. May be given three or four 
 times a day. 
 
 OPI UAL— Morphine. 
 
 Opium contains a large number of active principles, — some 
 eighteen or twenty. Some of them are valuable and some are not, 
 in fact, some are believed to be injurious. However, Opium with 
 its combined principles is an old and well known remedy. It is 
 claimed by many that as a narcotic and hypnotic, Opium holds 
 first place; yet in many conditions sleep may be produced equally 
 as successfully with Chloral or the Bromides, or with a number of 
 other preparations. In past years Morphine was believed to be 
 the most valuable principle in Opium, but more recently Codeine 
 has taken its place to a considerable extent. The principal use of 
 either Opium or Morphine is in relieving pain. Either will 
 relieve physical suffering and produce a state of quiet, ease and 
 mental comfort. 
 
 General Effects of Opium. — Opium first stimulates heart action 
 and the intellectual faculties. The thoughts are varied and 
 pleasant, and care and suffering are past. This condition is 
 followed by drowsiness, deadening of the mental faculties and 
 profound sleep; following a large dose, the sleep deepens into 
 coma. Sleep is induced by the deadening of the sensibilities to 
 surrounding objects, but more especially by the anaemic condition 
 of the brain resulting from the contraction of the small arteries. 
 As the effects continue, the heart action becomes weakened and 
 respiration lessened. In case of death from an overdose the 
 brain is deeply congested. This condition is the result of dil- 
 atation or engorgement of the veins, which occurs during the 
 last stage. One of the most serious objections to either Opium 
 or Morphine is the danger of ' 'forming the habit," as it is called. 
 
 Opium or Morphine lessens the flow of saliva, the secretions 
 of the kidneys, the amount of bile and the secretions of the 
 digestive tract, and also checks peristalsis, the natural action of 
 the bowels, causing constipation; in a word, it may be said to 
 lessen all the secretions of the body except those of the skin. 
 These are increased, but such increase belongs more to the effect 
 of Opium than of Morphine. The after-effects of either are 
 unpleasant and often very unsatisfactory. Either causes dryness 
 of the mouth and tongue, bad breath, loss of appetite, feeling of 
 nausea, sense of dizziness, headache and general depression. 
 Sometimes some of these conditions last for one or two days, and 
 even longer. By prolonged use, however, the system can become 
 
; 3 6 FAVORITE MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 so accustomed to either that enormous amounts can be taken with- 
 out destroying life. Cases are reported where 320 grains of Mor- 
 phine — nearly %i of an ounce — have been taken in one day, and 
 from % to 1 pint of Laudanum. 
 
 Uses of Opium or Morphine. — The principal use of either of 
 these remedies is for the relief of pain; it is their only legitimate 
 use. In case of accident or injury where the pain is severe, 
 enough of either may be given at a single dose to render the 
 patient comfortable. It is seldom necessary to repeat the dose. 
 From this the reader will understand that the only symptom 
 needed is the one already given, — the relief of pain. It is not 
 necessary to give enough to put the patient to sleep nor to 
 produce any of the other symptoms mentioned. 
 
 Conditions Requiring the Use of Opium or Morphine. — Neither 
 of these remedies should be given to infants nor small children, 
 because they are liable to produce convulsions and even death. 
 One drop of Laudanum has proven fatal to an infant. The cause 
 of the convulsions is that in infants and small children the brain 
 is but poorly developed and is easily overcome by the effects of 
 the drug, hence the nerve centers situated along the spinal cord 
 gain control over the cerebral centers, or those situated in the 
 brain, and the spinal nerves set up convulsive action, according 
 to their nature. When we remember that the nerves supplying 
 the muscles of the body and extremities have their origin in the 
 spinal cord, it is easy to account for the convulsions. Later, as 
 the child grows, the brain develops and the centers in the cord 
 mentioned are under the influence or control of the intellectual or 
 higher centers in the brain. In adult life the weak and anaemic 
 are also more susceptible. Opium or Morphine should never be 
 given to nursing mothers, because it is eliminated by the milk. 
 
 As Opium and Morphine are the most certain remedies for the 
 relief of suffering and pain, they are sometimes given in sciatica 
 or sciatic rheumatism, to relieve the suffering in the late stages of 
 cancer, and in severe colic. Morphine is perhaps the most certain 
 remedy to prevent abortion. Opium is sometimes valuable in 
 diarrhea where a good deal of pain is present. It may be needed 
 in the intense pain present in peritonitis or pleurisy. A single 
 dose of Opium and Quinine is sometimes given to break up 
 a cold, the Opium producing free elimination through the skin. 
 In case of severe cough Opium or Morphine is sometimes added 
 to cough remedies, though in most cases Codeine is better. By 
 reason of their power to dry the secretions they are sometimes 
 given in small doses, together with Atropine, in coryza, or cold 
 in the head. Morphine in ^-grain doses is best for this purpose. 
 It is sometimes given to check severe hemorrhage in typhoid fever, 
 although we believe that Atropine is a better remedy for this 
 
MEDICINES. 
 
 737 
 
 purpose, and especially if the patient is low. Atropine not only 
 possesses the power to check hemorrhage, but is a stimulant, 
 therefore there would be less danger from its use. Opium or 
 Morphine is sometimes needed, but should never be resorted to 
 except in extreme cases. 
 
 Dose. — Of Opium, from T / 2 to i grain; of L,audanutn, from 10 
 to 30 drops; of Morphine, from }i to li grain. These doses may 
 be increased under the doctor's directions. 
 
 Dover's Powder is a convenient form for the administration 
 of Opium. Dover's Powder contains ten per cent of Opium, 
 ten grains of Dover's Powder being equal to one grain of Opium. 
 
 QUININE. 
 
 Calisaya Bark contains a number of active principles, of which 
 Quinine is the most important, in fact, is the only one which is 
 used to any extent. In small doses Quinine is a valuable tonic 
 by reason of its effects on the digestive organs, particularly the 
 stomach. Small doses are stimulating; large ones somewhat 
 depressing. One of the principal uses of Quinine has been as a 
 remedy for malaria. 
 
 Symptoms of Its Effects. — Singing in the ears. This is a result 
 of its stimulating effect upon the auditory nerves. Quinine also 
 stimulates uterine contractions, therefore should not be given 
 during pregnancy. If taken by nursing mothers, it is partially 
 eliminated in the milk. I<arge doses are said to lessen the 
 amount of urea eliminated. 
 
 Uses of Quinine. — In small doses Quinine acts as a stomachic, 
 increasing the flow of the fluids of the stomach and thus aiding 
 digestion and improving the appetite ; hence it is frequently used 
 for this purpose, both alone and with other bitter tonics. It is 
 valuable in convalescence. It is frequently combined with Iron 
 in anaemic conditions. Quinine is believed to exhibit an inhib- 
 itory effect upon the red blood corpuscles, and thus prevent, to 
 some extent, their yielding up oxygen. This lessens tissue 
 change and lowers temperature; hence Quinine is sometimes used 
 in fevered conditions, though as a remedy for this particular pur- 
 pose it is far less valuable than Aconite or Veratrum. During 
 the inflammation preceding the formation of an abscess, and also 
 during such formation, a large number of the white corpuscles 
 which are in the circulation flow along to the inflamed and dis- 
 tended vessels, lodge there, and are converted into pus. Quinine 
 is believed to prevent to some extent the migration of the white 
 corpuscles and thus lessen the amount of pus formation. As 
 stated, however, its greatest value is its tonic properties and 
 power to check malaria. The latter is of less importance than 
 in former years, because many sections of the country, once 
 
 47 
 
738 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 pervaded by the dread malaria, are now wholly free from that 
 trouble. 
 
 Dose. — As a tonic, from i to 3 grains three times a day before 
 meals; for malaria, large doses are sometimes given. See Malar- 
 ial Fevers. 
 
 RHUBARB. 
 
 Rhubarb contains two active principles, Chrysophanic Acid 
 and Tannic Acid. When taken internally, it first acts as a 
 laxative ; this is due to the irritating effects of the Chrysophanic 
 Acid. The secondary action is that of the Tannic Acid, which 
 checks bowel movement. Rhubarb also increases the flow of 
 bile. This aids in elimination and in rendering the digestive 
 tract in a healthier condition. Rhubarb in small doses produces 
 a tonic effect on the walls of the stomach, hence is useful in 
 dyspepsia. Its effects upon the liver render it of value where 
 jaundice is present. It is a well known remedy, perfectly safe, 
 and much used in the bowel difficulties of children. One of the 
 best combinations is the following, which has been given else- 
 where: 
 
 Carbonate of Soda 1 drachm. 
 
 Ipecac, Fluid Extract of % " 
 
 Hydrastis, Fluid 6 " 
 
 Rhubarb, Syrup of 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix, and take 1 teaspoonful, more or less, every three hours, or as 
 needed. 
 
 SEIDLITZ SALTS— SALINE LAXATIVE. 
 
 Seidlitz Salts, also called Saline Laxative, are a chemically 
 pure form of Sulphate of Magnesia in effervescent combination. 
 All irritants are removed, the taste is pleasant, and their effects 
 are delightful and always satisfactory. Their value cannot be 
 overestimated, and if made the basis of treatment in every home 
 and used early, much sickness would be avoided. Seidlitz Salts 
 are a prompt and sure relief in all forms of constipation, and in 
 many forms of diarrhea. In diarrhea they remove all irritating 
 substances, relieve congestion, and leave the digestive tract in a 
 healthy condition. 
 
 Symptoms of Their Effects. — In the proper dose Seidlitz Salts act 
 as a safe and harmless purgative, and can be administered to chil- 
 dren and those with a delicate constitution. Taken on an empty 
 stomach, their action is prompt and certain. They cause active 
 transudation, or passing of water from the blood and tissues into 
 the digestive tract. They also possess diuretic properties and 
 increase the action of the kidneys. 
 
 Uses of Seidlitz Salts. — Seidlitz Salts are of value in fevers, 
 acute or chronic, especially the former. Many acute fevers are 
 due to. the condition of the digestive tract, and may be wholly 
 
MEDICINES. 739 
 
 overcome by a liberal use of the Saline Laxative. During fever 
 constipation usually exists, and with the increase in temperature 
 putrefactive changes in the digestive tract take place more 
 readily. The poisons resulting from such changes are absorbed 
 and aid in lowering the vital powers, thus rendering the patient 
 less able to ward off or withstand the threatened attack. A 
 thorough flushing of the digestive tract at this time is of the 
 utmost importance. This not only relieves the unhealthy con- 
 ditions present, but drains the congested vessels which surround 
 and supply the bowels. All forms of congestion or inflammation 
 of the pelvic organs may be greatly benefited or cured by Saline 
 Laxative. The drain upon the blood supply, both by the digest- 
 ive tract and kidneys, aids in lowering blood pressure, and this 
 slows the heart action. The internal vessels — those along the 
 bowels — are continually being drained into the canal and refilled 
 by draining the external vessels, or those nearer the surface. This 
 flushing of the digestive tract lessens the heat along the inflamed 
 canal, and at the same time the drain made upon the external 
 vessels decreases their blood supply. This lessens tissue changes 
 and lowers temperature, hence Seidlitz Salts are said to be cool- 
 ing. This fact renders them of especial value during the summer 
 months. In typhoid fever, attended with constipation, and in 
 dysentery where the eliminations contain thick, tenacious secre- 
 tions and pus, Seidlitz Salts are of especial value. The alkaline 
 solution dissolves the unhealthy secretions along the mucous 
 membrane, and thus facilitates their ready removal. The same is 
 true in all other unhealthy conditions of the bowels where the 
 mucous membrane is clogged and in an unhealthy condition. In 
 chronic constipation a small dose of the Seidlitz Salts taken 
 regularly, early in the morning on an empty stomach, or morning 
 and night, will prove successful in overcoming the trouble. 
 
 Seidlitz Salts not only clear the digestive tract and render 
 it healthy and free from disease, but they neutralize the excess 
 of acids which are often present in the blood. It is the presence of 
 these acids — uric and lactic acids — that cause headache, rheuma- 
 tism, neuralgia, sciatica and other painful conditions. It is not 
 claimed that Seidlitz Salts are the best treatment for these troubles 
 after they have developed, but it is claimed that by a liberal use 
 of the remedy many attacks might be prevented. 
 
 In all forms of catarrh of the stomach, whether the indiges- 
 tion is the result of unwholesome food, overeating, or from an 
 excessive use of alcoholic liquors, Seidlitz Salts dissolve the 
 unhealthy secretions, drain the congested vessels and leave the 
 mucous membrane clean and wholesome, the same as in the 
 digestive tract. In eructations due to indigestion small doses of 
 Seidlitz Salts will neutralize the gas and relieve the trouble. 
 
740 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 The digestive fluid of the stomach is acid. It is well known 
 that acid fluids are increased by the addition of an alkali, and 
 if small doses — j4 teaspoonful of Seidlitz Salts — are taken before 
 meals, the digestive fluids of the stomach will be increased, diges- 
 tion improved, and the bowels regulated at the same time. 
 
 The system of drainage resulting from Seidlitz Salts renders 
 them a valuable remedy in dropsy, whether of the abdominal 
 cavity, chest cavity, plural cavity or around the heart. Dropsical 
 conditions during pregnancy may be quickly relieved. Conges- 
 tion or inflammation of the brain may often be greatly bene- 
 fited or entirely relieved by the use of Seidlitz Salts. In blood 
 poisoning from any cause, in puerperal fever following childbirth 
 and in urgemic poisoning, they offer one of the most effectual 
 means of freeing the system. In uraemic convulsions resulting 
 from pregnancy or following childbirth, Salts in any form 
 should not be relied upon, because their action is too slow. In 
 milk leg decided benefit follows the use of Seidlitz Salts. 
 In that form of Bright' s disease followed by dropsy in the 
 abdominal cavity, producing pressure upon the heart and lungs 
 and causing labored breathing and tumultuous heart action, 
 small, continued doses of Seidlitz Salts, will give surprising 
 results. The same is true in dropsy following rum drinker's 
 liver. 
 
 In acne, or that form of rash about the forehead and face, 
 if the surface is bathed with one or two teaspoonfuls of Seidlitz 
 Salts dissolved in half a glass of water, the greasy appearance 
 will be relieved and the skin made to appear healthier and more 
 natural. If the practice is continued, much of the oily matter 
 which clogs the skin will also be dissolved and removed. 
 
 Dose. — As a laxative, i heaping teaspoonful early in the morn- 
 ing on an empty stomach ; as a cathartic, repeat the dose every 
 hour until results; as a diuretic, or in dropsical conditions, take 
 % teaspoonful in y 2 glass of water every hour through the day. 
 
 Note. — The Abbott Alkaloidal Company of Ravenswood, Chicago, 
 manufactures Saline Laxatives and the Sulphocarbolates. 
 
 SENNA. 
 
 Senna owes its well known cathartic action to an active prin- 
 ciple called Cathartic Acid. Senna increases bowel action, 
 causing free elimination. It is supposed to have a feeble action 
 on the liver. It is always a safe and sure remedy, and produces 
 satisfactory results. It is generally used in the form of tea or 
 infusion made from the leaves. Senna leaves constitute the basis 
 of the various teas sold throughout the country, such as Garfield 
 Tea, Lane' 's Tea, Rocky Mountain Tea, etc. It is also the active 
 ingredient in Syrup of Figs. When used alone, Senna tea 
 sometimes causes nausea and griping pains, hence aromatics 
 
MEDICINES. 
 
 741 
 
 are usually added. Senna is frequently used with other cathartics, 
 especially Rhubarb and Jalap. Confection of Senna, which is 
 composed of Senna, Coriander seed, Iyicorice, Tamarinds and 
 Cinnamon, is quite popular. 
 
 Cathartic Acid is seldom used. A dose of it is fa of a grain. 
 
 SQUILLS— Scillitin. 
 
 Squills owes its medicinal properties to an active principle 
 called Scillitin. Squills is an expectorant and diuretic, i. e., it 
 increases the eliminations of the lungs and kidneys. When used 
 in large doses, it acts as an irritant and produces vomiting and 
 purging. 
 
 Symptoms of its Effects. — The only symptoms are those just 
 given, but it should never be carried to the point of producing 
 such results. 
 
 Uses of Squills. — L,ike Ipecac, Squills acts on the mucous 
 membrane of the air passages, digestive tract and kidneys. In 
 acute bronchitis it relieves the congestion present in the lungs 
 and causes freer elimination. In health the mucous membrane 
 of the bronchial tubes, like all other mucous membrane, furnishes 
 just enough moisture to lubricate the surface and prevent friction. 
 This moisture is thick like mucilage and is called mucus, hence 
 the term mucous membrane. It is also sometimes called secretions. 
 In chronic bronchitis the mucus is thick and tenacious and clogs 
 more or less the air cells and small tubes, and this produces irri- 
 tation and cough. By stimulating the action of the mucous 
 membrane, Squills not only increases the amount of the secre- 
 tions and drains the congested vessels, but such drainage thins 
 the unhealthy exudate and aids in its freer elimination; hence 
 it is a valuable expectorant in all forms of chronic lung 
 affections. It stimulates the action of the kidneys, as stated, 
 therefore should not be used in acute inflammation of those 
 organs. In dropsical conditions not due to kidney disease, it aids 
 in relieving the trouble by increasing the flow of urine. 
 
 Dose. — Of the syrup, 10 to 30 drops every three hours; of 
 the fluid extract, 1 drop every three hours; of Scillitin, the active 
 principle, -^ of a grain every three hours. 
 
 STROPHANTHUS— Strophanthin. 
 
 Strophanthus is fully represented by its active principle, Stro- 
 phanthin. Strophanthus is a powerful heart tonic. Its effects 
 are the same as those of Digitalis, except that its action is more 
 rapid and it does not contract the small vessels; Digitalis does. 
 In case of feeble heart action where the pulse is irregular and 
 wavering, Strophanthus will be found a valuable remedy. In 
 
742 FA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 typhoid fever, pneumonia, and in the so-called "tobacco heart,' 
 it will prove of great service. See also Digitaus. 
 
 Dose. — Of the tincture, 5 to 10 drops; of the fluid extract, 
 1 to 2 drops; of Strophanthin, the active principle, yj^of a grain. 
 May be given every three or four hours until effect. 
 
 VERATRUM WWB-Veratrine. 
 
 Veratrum Viride is fully represented by its active principle, 
 Vera trine. This remedy is highly recommended in ursemic 
 convulsions. It does not eliminate the poison, but aids in relax- 
 ing the spasms. Aside from this its effects are similar to Aconite, 
 already described, and, like Aconite, it is not recommended for 
 those with a weak heart. It relieves congestion and inflamma- 
 tion by dilating the small blood vessels and allowing the blood to 
 drain away from the affected organ. It is claimed that it dilates 
 the veins more than the arteries, hence it has been said that 
 "Veratrum bleeds a person into his own veins." 
 
 Dose. — Of the fluid extract, from 1 to 2 drops every two to four 
 hours; of the active principle, Veratrine, y^^ of a grain. 
 
TO DISINFECT A ROOM AFTER A CONTAGIOUS 
 
 DISEASE. 
 
 By Samuei* J. Wilson, M. D. 
 
 Formaldehyde is the most convenient and at the same time 
 the most satisfactory disinfectant in use. It is a gas, but for 
 convenience it is used in liquid form, sixty per cent of water 
 being added. Formaldehyde will not injure furniture, clothing, 
 lace curtains nor other goods. 
 
 How to Use Formaldehyde. — First obtain a wide-mouthed 
 bottle capable of holding six ounces. The cork should fit 
 tightly, but should be perforated with a number of holes like 
 those in a sprinkling can. Also make one large opening. 
 Through this opening pass a glass tube long enough to reach to 
 the bottom of the bottle. Now seal up all cracks around the 
 windows, doors, and other places where there is a possibility for 
 the Formaldehyde gas to escape. All bedding and clothing 
 should be hung on a line or over chairs so that all parts will be 
 exposed. Bureau drawers should be opened, and books, if 
 present, should be stood upon end and partially opened. Next 
 stretch a clothes line across the room and hang on it one or more 
 sheets — one sheet and five ounces of Formaldehyde will be suf- 
 ficient for a room containing not over one thousand cubic feet. 
 The sheet should be hung so that it will nearly reach the floor. 
 Lift up the bottom of it, and with the bottle containing the 
 Formaldehyde and perforated cork, sprinkle the solution care- 
 fully over its surface. It will be noticed that when the bottle is 
 turned bottomside up, the air can pass through the glass tube to 
 the bottom, and this aids in forcing the liquid out. As soon as 
 the sprinkling is finished, leave the room and immediately seal 
 the door of exit, close the keyhole, and also any cracks or spaces 
 at the top, bottom or sides of the door. 
 
 When exposed to air, Formaldehyde loses its strength rapidly, 
 but it is customary to allow the room to remain closed for five 
 hours, and then to open the doors and windows and admit fresh 
 air in abundance. Also dissolve a few pounds of Copperas in a 
 pail of water and pour through the sink or drain, if there is one 
 present. This process, followed by thoroughly washing the floors 
 and woodwork with soap and hot water, will make everything 
 safe. 
 
 We are not unmindful of the fact that for many years it has 
 been customary to burn Sulphur in rooms as a means of disinfec- 
 tion. There are many objections to Sulphur, notwithstanding 
 
 743 
 
744 PA VORITB MEDICAL RECEIPTS. 
 
 its popularity. Sulphur fumes cause a grimy deposit over the 
 walls, furniture and other articles with which they come in con- 
 tact, leave a disagreeable odor for days and sometimes for 
 weeks, and often cause an irritating and disagreeable cough 
 among those occupying rooms in which it has been burned. 
 Again, Sulphur will not destroy infection. 
 
 Another objection to Sulphur is that it is apt to destroy more 
 or less the various garments or clothing usually present. If 
 the ceilings, walls, floor, carpet, furniture and other articles in 
 a room were wet with water or steam and then exposed to the 
 fumes of Sulphur, the results would be more satisfactory so far 
 as destroying the poisons of the disease were concerned, but in 
 this case everything in the room would also be destroyed. The 
 Sulphur fumes would attract the oxygen from the water present, 
 the increase in oxygen would change the fumes into strong 
 Sulphuric Acid, and this acid would destroy every article of 
 clothing, carpets, curtains, upholstered goods, etc., in the room. 
 True, these might be removed, but in many cases they are not; 
 and even if they were removed, the strong Sulphuric Acid would 
 attack the woodwork, first destroying the varnish or paint and 
 then more or less affecting the wood itself, leaving a black stain. 
 Another important feature of Sulphur fumes in the presence of 
 water is that they will also attract the oxygen from any and all 
 kinds of colored goods, and this would destroy the colors at 
 once as all colors contain oxygen. 
 
 Like Sulphur, Formaldehyde is irritating to the air passages — 
 the throat and lungs — yet it possesses several important advan- 
 tages. First, it is a more powerful germicide; second, it does not 
 destroy, in fact, produces no effect upon the most delicate fabric; 
 third, it leaves no evidence of its former presence. 
 
 After all, the principal advantage in using any disinfectant is 
 found in the great abundance of fresh air which it is necessary to 
 admit after its use. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 NOTE. — For index of Herb Remedies, see page 762. For index oj 
 Miscellaneous Household Receipts, see page 770. 
 
 A 
 
 Abdominal Dropsy 
 
 Abortion 
 
 Abortion, Dangers of 
 
 Abortion, to Prevent 
 
 Abscesses 1, 
 
 Abscess oe the Mastoid Process. 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
 CIES 
 
 Asphyxia 
 
 Bandages 
 
 Bleeding from an Artery 
 
 Bleeding from Cuts, Small 
 
 Bleeding from Injury 
 
 Bleeding from the Nose 
 
 Bleeding from the Teeth 
 
 Blows' 
 
 Bruises 
 
 Burns 
 
 Choking . . f 
 
 Collapse . . . . 
 
 Collapse from Apoplexy 
 
 Collapse from Concussion of the 
 Brain 
 
 Collapse from Compression of the 
 Brain 
 
 Collapse from Epilepsy 
 
 Collapse from Hemorrhage .... 
 
 Collapse from Injury 
 
 Collapse from Intoxication 
 
 Collapse from Opium 
 
 Collapse from Uraemia 
 
 Contusions 
 
 Crushed Limbs 
 
 Cuts, Small, Bleeding from 
 
 Dislocations 
 
 Dislocation of the Ankle 
 
 Dislocation, Complicated 
 
 Dislocation, Compound 
 
 Dislocation of the Elbow 
 
 Dislocation of a Finger 
 
 Dislocation of the Hip 
 
 Dislocation of the Jaw 
 
 2 
 
 422 
 423 
 423 
 
 583 
 108 
 
 463 
 464 
 
 463 
 464 
 466 
 464 
 
 465 
 467 
 467 
 467 
 468 
 469 
 469 
 471 
 
 471 
 
 471 
 47i 
 471 
 470 
 470 
 47i 
 471 
 472 
 472 
 466 
 472 
 473 
 473 
 473 
 473 
 473 
 473 
 473 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
 CIES — Continued. 
 
 Dislocation of the Knee 473 
 
 Dislocation, Simple 473 
 
 Dislocation of the Thumb 473 
 
 Drowning 473 
 
 Ear, Things in 474 
 
 Eyeball, Injuries to 475 
 
 Eye, Black 475 
 
 Eye, Things in 475, 652 
 
 Fainting 475 
 
 Falls 476 
 
 Fire in One's Clothing 476 
 
 Foreign Bodies in the Eye 476 
 
 Foreign Bodies in the Larynx. ... 477 
 Foreign Bodies in the Oesopha- 
 gus 477 
 
 Fractures 478 
 
 Fracture of the Arm 480 
 
 Fracture of the Collar Bone 479 
 
 Fracture of the Kneecap 480 
 
 Fracture of the Leg 480 
 
 Fracture of the Ribs 479 
 
 Fracture of the Spinal Column.. 481 
 
 Freezing 482 
 
 Frostbite 482 
 
 Heat-Stroke 482 
 
 Insensibility 475 
 
 Nose, Things in 483 
 
 Scalds 468, 576, 588 
 
 Shock 483 
 
 Snake Bites 484 
 
 Snake Bites, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 519,520,531,535,582 
 
 590, 605 
 
 Splints 463 
 
 Sprains 485, 576 
 
 Stings 486 
 
 Strangulation 487 
 
 Suffocation from Gas 464 
 
 Sunstroke 482 
 
 Throat, Things in 487 
 
 Windpipe, Things in 487 
 
 745 
 
746 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 ACCIDENTS AND EMERGEN- 
 CIES — Continued. 
 
 Wounds 487 
 
 Wounds, Contused 487 
 
 Wounds, Gunshot 487 
 
 Wounds, Incised 487 
 
 Wounds, Open 487 
 
 Wounds, Penetrating 487 
 
 Wounds, Poisoned 487 
 
 Wounds, Subcutaneous 487 
 
 Acetate of Copper, Poisoning by 492 
 Acetate of Lead, Poisoning by. . 492 
 
 Acidity op the Stomach 330, 588 
 
 Acne 303, 520 
 
 Aconite 709 
 
 Aconite, Poisoning by 492 
 
 Addison's Disease 57 
 
 Advice to Young Mothers 381 
 
 Ague 2 
 
 Ague, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 511, 529, 601, 604, 674 
 
 Ague Cake 151 
 
 Air Cells 240 
 
 Air, Fresh 389 
 
 Air Tubes 239 
 
 Albuminuria 215 
 
 Alcohol 6 
 
 Alcohol, Poisoning by 492 
 
 Alcohol, Test op its Purity 638 
 
 Alcoholism 2 
 
 Alcoholism, Chronic 3 
 
 Alimentary Canal 90 
 
 Allen's Lung Balsam 615 
 
 Aloes 712 
 
 Amenorrhea , 417 
 
 Ammonia, Poisoning by 492 
 
 Ammonia, Water op 639 
 
 Amyloid Degeneration 228 
 
 Anaemia 9 
 
 Anaemia, Pernicious 11 
 
 Anasarca 103 
 
 Aneurism 13 
 
 Angina Pectoris 174 
 
 Ankle, Dislocation op 473 
 
 Anthrax 282 
 
 Anti-Fat 615 
 
 Antimony, Poisoning by 493 
 
 Antiseptic Remedies 712 
 
 Antiseptics for the Digestive 
 
 Tract 713 
 
 Antiseptics for Typhoid Fever. . 133 
 
 Anti-Vaccination 141 
 
 ANUS, DISEASES OF 14 
 
 Fissure of 14, 533 
 
 Fistula IS 
 
 Hemorrhoids, or Piles 15 
 
 ANUS, DISEASES OV— Continued. 
 Piles, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 5io,523,54S,553,56o,576, 579 
 582, 592, 596, 601, 610, 611, 612 
 663,664,665, 670 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 17 
 
 Prolapsus Ani, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, . .558, 599, 607, 610 
 
 Aphasia — Loss of Speech 18 
 
 Aphonia — Loss of Voice 18 
 
 Apoplexy 18, 578, 603 
 
 Appendicitis 20 
 
 Appetite, Remedies to Improve, 
 
 5ii, 544, 595 
 
 Apthae 454 
 
 Aqua Fortis, Poisoning by 493 
 
 Argyl-Robertson Sign 238 
 
 Arm, Fracture of 480 
 
 Arsenic 716 
 
 Arsenic, Poisoning by 493 
 
 Arterial Sclerosis 28 
 
 Artery, Bleeding from 464 
 
 Ascites 103 
 
 Asiatic Cholera 70 
 
 Asphyxia 464 
 
 Asthma 23 
 
 Asthma, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 515, 520, 521, 542, 545, 551 
 554, 555, 556, 562, 563, 569, 570, 573 
 577, 578, 594, 597, 601, 602, 603, 610 
 
 613 
 Atheroma — Artery Degeneration 28 
 
 Atrophy 28 
 
 Atrophy, Acute Yellow 229 
 
 Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 615 
 
 Ayer's Hair Vigor 615 
 
 Ayer's Sarsaparilla , 616 
 
 B 
 
 Baby, Care of the 402 
 
 Back, Weak, Plasters for. .668, 672 
 
 Baldness 30 
 
 Balm of a Thousand Flowers.. 616 
 
 Balsams 639 
 
 Bandages 463 
 
 Barber's Itch 316 
 
 Barrel's Indian Liniment 616 
 
 Bath, About 384 
 
 Baths, Hot or Cold 640 
 
 Bay Rum 616, 682 
 
 Bed Sores 32 
 
 Beecham's Pills 616 
 
 Beef Tea 641 
 
 Belladonna 717 
 
 Belladonna, Poisoning by 494 
 
INDHX. 
 
 747 
 
 Bellyache 33 
 
 "Big G" Injection 616 
 
 Bilious Colic 75 
 
 Bilious Fever 152, 523, 543 
 
 Biliousness 231 
 
 Biliousness, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 516, 522, 523, 528, 605, 612 
 
 Bilious Typhoid Fever 154 
 
 Birth Marks 301 
 
 Bismuth, Poisoning by 494 
 
 Bites from Insects 486 
 
 Bites from Poisonous Reptiles.. 484 
 
 Bitters, Tonic 676 
 
 Blackberry Cordial 641 
 
 Black Eye 475 
 
 Blackheads 304 
 
 Black Oil Liniment 616 
 
 BLADDER, DISEASES OF 35 
 
 Dysuria 35 
 
 Gravel 38 
 
 Gravel, or Stone, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 509, 514, 521, 540, 553 
 554, 577, 579, 585, 587, 596, 604, 654 
 
 Inflammation 36 
 
 Stone in the 38 
 
 Bladder, Diseases of, Miscellan- 
 eous Remedies for, 537,542,546, 563 
 579,58o,58i,597,599, 611 
 
 Blebs 40 
 
 Bleeder's Disease 169 
 
 Bleeding from an Artery 464 
 
 Bleeding from Cuts, Small 466 
 
 Bleeding from Injury 464 
 
 Bleeding from the Nose 465 
 
 Bleeding from the Teeth 467 
 
 Blepharitis 122 
 
 Blister 40 
 
 Blistering Flies, Poisoning by. . 494 
 
 Blood Blister 40 
 
 Blood Poisoning 40, 547 
 
 Blood Purifying Remedies. . . 512, 522 
 546, 573, 588, 590, 600, 612, 641, 642 
 
 Blood, Spitting of 537 
 
 Bloody Flux 91 
 
 Bloody Urine 43, 545 
 
 Blows 467 
 
 Blue Vitriol, Poisoning by 494 
 
 Boils 43 
 
 Boils, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 508, 558' 593, 607, 672 
 
 BONE DISEASES 43 
 
 Abscess of 45 
 
 Atrophy of ,. 48 
 
 Death of 47 
 
 Hypertrophy of 48 
 
 Inflammation of 44 
 
 BONE DISEASES— Continued. 
 
 Softening of 46 
 
 Ulceration of 45 
 
 Bones, Broken — Fractures 467 
 
 Bordet's Hair Tonic 617 
 
 Boschee's German Syrup 617 
 
 Bowel Complaints, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 509, 523, 531, 536 
 539, 54i, 546, 552, 553, 562, 578, 581 
 
 652 
 Bowels, About Keeping Regular, 385 
 
 Bowels, Inflammation of 48 
 
 BRAIN, DISEASES OF 49 
 
 Abscess of 57 
 
 Concussion of 56 
 
 Hardening of 56 
 
 Hemorrhage of — Apoplexy 18 
 
 Meningitis 49 
 
 Meningitis, Cerebro- Spinal 50 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular 52 
 
 Softening of 53 
 
 Tumors on 57 
 
 Water on 57 
 
 Brandreth's Pills 617 
 
 Breasts, Diseases of 432 
 
 Breasts of Infants, Milk in 434 
 
 Bright' s Disease 211, 212 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Fissure System of 
 
 Treatment 618 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Pile Remedy 617 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Ulcer Specific 618 
 
 British Oil 656 
 
 Broken Breast 432 
 
 Bromides, The 719 
 
 Bronchitis 241 
 
 Bronchitis, Capillary 244 
 
 Bronchitis, Chronic 243 
 
 Bronchitis, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 517,536,538,546,547,554 
 556, 577, 592, 597, 613, 645, 656, 667 
 
 Bronchocele 166 
 
 Bronzed Skin 57 
 
 Brown's Bronchial Troches.... 618 
 
 Brown's Liniment 656 
 
 Bruises 467, 546, 657, 672 
 
 Bucklen's Arnica Salve 618 
 
 Buckley's Uterine Tonic 636 
 
 Bull's Cough Syrup 6:9 
 
 Bunions 58 
 
 Burns 468, 588, 601 
 
 Bursa, Enlarged 58 
 
 Camp Fever 135 
 
 Camphorated Oil 656 
 
; 4 8 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Camphorated Oil Liniment 671 
 
 Camphor Ice 619 
 
 Camphor Liniment 656 
 
 Camphor, Poisoning by 494 
 
 Cancer 59 
 
 Cancer op the Stomach 335 
 
 Cancerous Tumors, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 510, 519, 583, 644 
 
 669 
 
 Cancrum Oris 456 
 
 Canker Sore Mouth 454, 518 
 
 Capillary Bronchitis 244 
 
 Carbolic Acid, Poisoning by 494 
 
 Carbonate op Lead, Poisoning by, 495 
 Carbonic Acid Gas, Poisoning by, 495 
 
 Carbuncle 63, 520 
 
 Care op Baby 402 
 
 Care op Young Girls 380 
 
 Caries 45 
 
 Carter's Little Liver Pills 619 
 
 Cascara Cordial Laxative 642 
 
 Cascara Sagrada 720 
 
 Castoria 619 
 
 Catalepsy 65 
 
 Cataract 124 
 
 Catarrh 65 
 
 Catarrh, Chronic Nasal 66 
 
 Catarrh op the Ear 108 
 
 Catarrh, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for 560, 574, 594, 643, 644 
 
 Cathartic Remedies, Miscellan- 
 eous 513, 530, 534, 54i, 561, 59i 
 
 Caustics 644 
 
 Cerebro- Spinal Meningitis 50 
 
 Cervico-Brachial Neuralgia .... 263 
 Cervico- Occipital Neuralgia .... 263 
 Chamberlain's Colic and Chol- 
 era Remedy 619 
 
 Chamberlain's Relief 619 
 
 Chancre 369 
 
 Chancroid 369 
 
 Change of Life 410 
 
 Chapped Hands 68 
 
 CHAPTER ON MEDICINES, A 706 
 
 Chicken Pox 136 
 
 Chilblains 69, 662, 663 
 
 Child-Bed Fever 429 
 
 CHILDREN, DISEASES OF... 448 
 
 Capillary Bronchitis 244 
 
 Cholera Infantum 73 
 
 Deformities 450 
 
 Eyes, Sore at Birth 450 
 
 Fractures of 451 
 
 Hair Lip 451 
 
 Hernia, Inguinal 451 
 
 Hernia, Umbilical 452 
 
 CHILDREN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 452 
 
 Jaundice, Pernicious 453 
 
 Mother's Mark 454 
 
 Mouth, Diseases of 454 
 
 Apthae — Thrush — Canker Sore 
 
 Mouth 454 
 
 Cancrum Oris — Gangrene of 
 
 the Mouth 456 
 
 Mumps 256 
 
 Night Terror 457 
 
 Paralysis, Infantile 458 
 
 Phimosis' 459 
 
 Rickets 294 
 
 Spasms 460 
 
 Stomach and Bowel Difficulties. 460 
 
 Tongue-Tie 461 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of 452 
 
 Urine, Retention of 453 
 
 Worms, Round 461 
 
 Worms, Thread or Seat 462 
 
 Children's Doses 638 
 
 Children's Prescriptions, Miscel- 
 laneous 644 
 
 Chill 69 
 
 Chills and Fever 150 
 
 Chloral 721 
 
 Chloral-Hydrate 721 
 
 Chlorosis 420, 589 
 
 Choking 469 
 
 Cholera 70 
 
 Cholera, Asiatic 70 
 
 Cholera Infantum 73 
 
 Cholera Infantum, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 519, 523, 541, 557 
 
 Cholera Morbus 72 
 
 Cholera Morbus, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 523, 535, 537, 552, 579 
 
 649 
 
 Chordee 375 
 
 Chorea 296 
 
 Cirrhosis 7, 75, 211, 233, 538 
 
 Cobalt, Poisoning by 495 
 
 Codeine 721 
 
 Cod Liver Oil Emulsion 619 
 
 Coke Dandruff Cure 620 
 
 Colchicum 722 
 
 Colds 77 
 
 Colds, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 514, 538, 539, 547, 55*, 559, 560 
 567, 578, 579, 589, 595, 597, 604, 605 
 644, 645, 648, 667, 670 
 
 Colic, Bilious 75 
 
 Colic, Flatulent or Wind 75 
 
 Colic, Lead 77 
 
INDEX. 
 
 749 
 
 Colic, Renal 217 
 
 Colic, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 512, 515, 532, 533, 536, 543, 548 
 550, 552, 562, 565, 567, 576, 579, 581 
 589, 599, 600, 601, 610, 649 
 
 Collapse 469 
 
 Collar Bone, Fracture of 479 
 
 Color Blindness 117 
 
 Confection of Senna 741 
 
 Confinement 421 
 
 Confinement, to Calculate Time 
 
 of, 421 
 
 Confinement, Preparations for. . 398 
 Confinement Remedies, Miscel- 
 laneous, . . . 520, 524, 526, 536, 580 
 
 Congestion of the Kidneys 215 
 
 Congestion of the Liver 231 
 
 Congestion of the Lungs 247 
 
 Congestive Chill 156 
 
 Congestive Fever 156 
 
 Conjunctivitis 119 
 
 Constipation 81 
 
 Constipation, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 515, 521, 527, 595, 667 
 
 Consumption 351, 358 
 
 Consumption, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 508, 514, 528, 529, 536 
 
 538, 539, 559, 56o, 562, 576, 596, 597 
 
 609, 613, 675 
 
 Contusions 472 
 
 Convulsions 82, 549, 583, 593, 608 
 
 Corns 82, 649 
 
 Corpulence 268 
 
 Corrosive Sublimate, Poisoning by 495 
 Cosmetics, About 387 
 
 COSTIVENESS 8l 
 
 Costiveness, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 515, 521, 527, 595, 667 
 
 Coughs 77 
 
 Coughs, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 509, 510, 51 1, 518, 520, 521, 527 
 
 529, 533, 539, 546, 547, 55i, 555, 557 
 
 559, 560, 562, 563, 567, 570, 577, 589 
 
 594, 597, 602, 639, 648, 649, 667, 673 
 
 Cramps 83, 540, 558, 599 
 
 Cram's Fluid Lightning Lini- 
 ment 656 
 
 Creams, Face 677 
 
 Creosote, Poisoning by 496 
 
 Crisis, The First 382 
 
 Croup, Membranous 103 
 
 Croup, Spasmodic 84 
 
 Croup, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 551, 569, 579, 592, 645 
 
 Crushed Limbs 472 
 
 Cuticura Ointment 620 
 
 Cuticura Resolvent 620 
 
 Cuts, Small, Bleeding from 466 
 
 Cyanosis 24 
 
 D 
 
 Dandruff 85 
 
 Dandruff Cure, Coke 620 
 
 Davis' (Perry) Pain Killer 620 
 
 Deadly Nightshade, Poisoning by 496 
 
 Deafness 85 
 
 Debility, General, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for 511, 512, 515, 523 
 
 537, 542, 544, 552, 579, 596, 605, 675 
 
 Decoctions 506 
 
 Deformities of Children 450 
 
 Delirium 87 
 
 Delirium Tremens 5, 534 
 
 Diabetes Insipidus 90 
 
 Diabetes Mellitus 87 
 
 Diarrhea 90 
 
 Diarrhea, Chronic 93 
 
 Diarrhea, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 514,515,518,519,521, 523 
 529, 54i, 544, 552, 556, 557, 564, 567 
 576, 577, 579, 581, 586, 600, 603, 612 
 
 649, 670 
 
 Diet, As to 385 
 
 Digestion 324 
 
 Digitalis 723 
 
 Digitalis, Poisoning by 496 
 
 DlLITATION OF THE HEART l8o 
 
 Diphtheria 99, 575 
 
 Diphtheria, Laryngeal 103 
 
 Disinfection 391 
 
 Disinfect a Room, To 743 
 
 Dislocations 472 
 
 Displacements of the Womb.... 436 
 Dobell's Solution for Nasal Ca- 
 tarrh 643 
 
 Dogwood, Poisoning by 504 
 
 Doses for Children 638 
 
 Doses for Different Ages 638 
 
 Dover's Powder 737 
 
 Dress for Young Girls 383 
 
 Dress for Young Women 387 
 
 Drinks, Effervescing 651 
 
 Drops 649 
 
 DROPSY 103 
 
 Anasarca 103 
 
 Ascites 103 
 
 Hydrocele 103 
 
 Hydrocephalus 103 
 
 Hydronephrosis 220 
 
 Hydropericarditis 103 
 
 Hydropneumothorax 103 
 
75o 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 DROPSY— Continued. 
 
 Hydrothorax 103 
 
 Oedema 103 
 
 Dropsy, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 514, 521, 523, 526, 527, 531, 543 
 545, 546, 548, 550, 55i, 554, 56o, 564 
 570, 573, 574, 578, 579, 580, 591, 596 
 
 597, 602 
 
 Drowning 473 
 
 Drunkenness 2 
 
 Drunkenness, Gold Cure for. .. . 622 
 
 Dysentery 91 
 
 Dysentery, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, . 515, 517, 518, 519, 521 
 523, 529, 533, 54i, 544, 550, 556, 557 
 565, 569, 579, 58i, 586, 590, 603, 607 
 
 612, 673 
 
 Dysmenorrhea 418 
 
 Dyspepsia 327 
 
 Dyspepsia, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 508, 512, 514, 515, 521, 528 
 533, 535, 539, 540, 542, 544, 546, 548 
 552, 559, 562, 568, 570, 595, 599, 600 
 607,650,651,667, 67ft 
 Dysuria 35 
 
 EAR, DISEASES OF 105 
 
 Abscess of the Mastoid Process. 108 
 
 Catarrh of the Ear 108 
 
 Earache . 107, 602 
 
 Ear, Things in 474 
 
 Eczema 305, 517, 520 
 
 Effervescing Citrate of Magne- 
 sia 651 
 
 Effervescing Drinks 651 
 
 Elbow, Dislocation of 473 
 
 Electricity in Paralysis 272 
 
 Ely's Cream Balm 621 
 
 Emetics 491, 525, 569 
 
 Endocarditis 178 
 
 Enteric Fever 108 
 
 Epilepsy 108 
 
 Epilepsy, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 518,526,542,549,565, 573 
 
 574, 577, 583, 673 
 
 Ergot 427, 725 
 
 Eructations no 
 
 Erysipelas in, 519, 546, 582 
 
 Erysipelas, Phlegmonous 112 
 
 Espey's Cream 621 
 
 Exercise, About 386 
 
 Eyeball, Injuries to 475 
 
 EYE, DISEASES OF 113 
 
 Blepharitis 122 
 
 EYE, DISEASES OF— Continued. 
 
 Cataract 124 
 
 Color Blindness 117 
 
 Conjunctivitis — Inflammation of 
 
 the Lids 119 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Catarrhal 119 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Diphtheritic .... 122 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Granular 120 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Muco-Purulent. . 119 
 
 Conjunctivitis, Purulent 121 
 
 Far-Sightedness 116 
 
 Far-Sightedness of Old Age 117 
 
 Iritis 123 
 
 Near-Sightedness 117 
 
 Ophthalmia 117 
 
 Pterygium 125 
 
 Strabismus 117 
 
 Sty 125 
 
 Eye, Black 475 
 
 Eyes, Inflammation of, Miscel- 
 laneous Remedies for, . . 519, 548 
 549, 555, 558, 576, 610, 652, 669 
 
 Eyes, Sore at Birth 450 
 
 Eyes, Things in 475, 652 
 
 Face Creams 677 
 
 Face Powders 678 
 
 Fahnestock's Vermifuge 621 
 
 Fainting 126, 475, 566 
 
 Falling Sickness 108 
 
 Falls 476 
 
 Famine Fever 154 
 
 Farcy 165 
 
 Far-Sightedness 116, 117 
 
 Fat 268 
 
 Fatty Degeneration 176 
 
 Feeding the Baby 406 
 
 Feigned Sickness 255 
 
 Fellows' Hypophosphites 621 
 
 Felon 126, 527 
 
 Female Complaints, Miscellan- 
 eous Remedies for, . .526, 539, 544 
 
 596, 598, 675 
 Fever and Ague 150 
 
 FEVERS 128 
 
 Bilious Fever 152 
 
 Chicken Pox 136 
 
 Congestive Fever 156 
 
 Eruptive Fevers 136 
 
 Intermittent Fever 150 
 
 Intermittent Fever, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 514, 516, 523, 528 
 
 562, 674 
 
 Malarial Fevers 149 
 
INDEX. 
 
 751 
 
 FEVERS— Continued. 
 
 Measles 142 
 
 Measles, False 144 
 
 Pernicious Fever 156 
 
 Relapsing Fever 154 
 
 Remittent Fever 152 
 
 Remittent Fever, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 514, 523,543 
 
 Scarlatina — Scarlet Fever 145 
 
 Smallpox 137 
 
 Typhoid Fever 130 
 
 Typho-Malarial Fever 154 
 
 Typhus Fever 135 
 
 Yellow Fever 135 
 
 Fevers, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 5ii, 527, 540, 545, 546, 549, 559 
 
 571, 575, 578, 582, 589, 604, 605, 611 
 
 612, 644, 674 
 
 Fever Sore 159 
 
 Finger, Dislocation of 473 
 
 Fire in One's Clothing 476 
 
 Fish, Poisoning by 496 
 
 Fish-Skin Disease 307 
 
 Fissure 14, 533 
 
 Fistula 15, 558, 644, 657 
 
 Fits 160 
 
 Flatulency, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 532, 533, 544, 566, 649, 650 
 
 Flatulent Colic 75 
 
 Flooding 428 
 
 Fluxes 518, 549 
 
 Fomentations 506, 652 
 
 Food for Babies Who Cannot be 
 
 Nursed 407 
 
 Food, Infant's 448 
 
 Foods, About 392 
 
 Fool's Parsley, Poisoning by... 496 
 
 Foreign Bodies in the Eye 476 
 
 Foreign Bodies in the Larynx 477 
 
 Foreign Bodies in the Oesophagus 477 
 
 Foxglove, Poisoning by 496 
 
 Fractures 478 
 
 Fractures of Children 451 
 
 Freckles 307 
 
 Freezing 482 
 
 Frostbite 482 
 
 Frostilla 622 
 
 Fungus Disease . .,....., 160 
 
 O 
 
 Gall Stones 160, 578 
 
 Gangrene 163 
 
 Gangrene, Constitutional 163 
 
 Gangrene, Embolic 163 
 
 Gangrene, Hospital , 16$ 
 
 Gangrene of the Lungs 251 
 
 Gangrene, Moist 163 
 
 Gangrene of the Mouth 456 
 
 Gangrene, Phlegmonous 163 
 
 Gangrene, Senile, or Dry 163 
 
 Gangrene, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 523, 560, 609 
 
 Garfield Tea 740 
 
 Gargles 576, 653 
 
 Gargling Oil 622 
 
 Gastralgia 333 
 
 Gastric Fever 336 
 
 Gelsemium 725 
 
 Giles' Iodide of Ammonia Lini- 
 ment 657 
 
 Gin Liver 165 
 
 Girls, Care of Young 380 
 
 Glanders 165 
 
 Gleet 375 
 
 Gleet, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 521, 588, 598, 599 
 
 Glonoin 726 
 
 Godfrey's Cordial Without Opi- 
 um 647 
 
 Goitre 166, 518 
 
 "Gold Cure" for Drunkenness. . 622 
 
 'Gonorrhea ". 373 
 
 Gonorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 509, 540, 543, 565, 572, 577 
 586, 587, 590, 598, 60; 
 Good Samaritan Cough Syrup. . . 623 
 
 Good Samaritan Liniment 623 
 
 Gout 167 
 
 Gout, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 535, 536, 545, 546, 552, 580, 585 
 606, 658, 669, 670, 671 
 
 Gravel, or Stone 38, 217 
 
 Gravel, or Stone, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 509, 514, 521, 540, 553 
 
 554, 577, 579, 585, 587, 596, 604, 654 
 
 Greene's Nervura 624 
 
 Green Mountain Salve 624 
 
 Green's August Flower 624 
 
 Green Sickness 420 
 
 Gums, Spongy 521, 606 
 
 Gunshot Wounds 487 
 
 Gurgling of Intestines 169 
 
 H 
 
 Haemophilia — Bleeder's Disease. 169 
 
 Hair, Care of 384 
 
 Hair, Receipts for, 596, 678, 679, 680 
 
 681, 682 
 
 Hair Restoratives, Lead in 624 
 
 Hair's (W. B.) Asthma Cure. . 624 
 
752 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Hall's Catarrh Cure 625 
 
 Hall's Hair Renewer 626 
 
 Handy Tables 508 
 
 Harelip 451 
 
 Harlem Oil 626 
 
 Hay Fever 170, 554 
 
 Headache 170 
 
 Headache, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 518,538,545,555,556, 595 
 
 599, 602, 653 
 
 Headache, Nervous 171,512, 537 
 
 Headache, Periodical 172 
 
 Headache, Sick 170 
 
 Heartburn 181, 581, 670 
 
 HEART, DISEASES OF 173 
 
 Angina Pectoris 174 
 
 Dilatation 180 
 
 Endocarditis 178 
 
 Fatty Degeneration 176 
 
 Hydropericarditis 103 
 
 Hypertrophy 178 
 
 Palpitation of 174, 666 
 
 Pericarditis 177 
 
 Pseudo-Angina 176 
 
 Regurgitation 180 
 
 Stenosis 180 
 
 Heart Diseases, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, . . . 5M, 548, 578, 603 
 
 Heat-Stroke 482 
 
 Hellebore, Poisoning by 497 
 
 Hemicrania 262 
 
 Hemiplegia 269 
 
 Hemlock, Poisoning by 497 
 
 Hemorrhage 182 
 
 Hemorrhage, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 515, 520, 521, 550, 572, 577 
 
 610, 612 
 
 Hemorrhage from Injury 184 
 
 Hemorrhage, Intestinal, 183, 519, 557 
 
 Hemorrhage from Lungs 183 
 
 Hemorrhage from Stomach 183 
 
 Hemorrhoids 15 
 
 Henbane, Poisoning by 497 
 
 HERB REMEDIES* 505 
 
 Hernia (Rupture) 184 
 
 Hernia, Inguinal 45i 
 
 Hernia, Irreducible 184 
 
 Hernia, Reducible 184 
 
 Hernia, Strangulated 184 
 
 Hernia, Umbilical 452 
 
 Herpes (Shingles) 318 
 
 Herpes, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 529, 530, 564, 663 
 
 Hiccough 185, 533 
 
 Hip, Dislocation of 473 
 
 Hip Joint Disease 205 
 
 ♦ For list of Herb Remedies, see page 762. 
 
 Hives 308 
 
 Hoarseness 510, 557, 570 
 
 Hop Bitters 626 
 
 Hostetter's Bitters 626 
 
 Hot Flashes 411 
 
 House Sanitation 388 
 
 Humpback 295 
 
 Hunyadi Janos Water 626 
 
 Hydrocele 103 
 
 Hydrocephalus 103 
 
 Hydronephrosis 220 
 
 Hydropericarditis 103 
 
 Hydrophobia 187 
 
 Hydrophobia, Hysterical 189 
 
 Hydrophobia, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 535, 582, 583 
 
 Hydrothorax 103 
 
 Hypochondria 190 
 
 Hypochondria, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 529, 559, 568 
 
 Hysteria 190 
 
 Hysteria, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 512, 526, 534, 536, 542, 545 
 548, 566, 569, 573, 589, 604, 607, 649 
 
 I 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 452 
 
 Indigestion 327 
 
 Indigestion, Catarrhal 331 
 
 Indigestion, Chronic 331 
 
 Indigestion, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 512, 514, 533, 559,568, 599 
 
 Infant Feeding 448 
 
 Inflammation 191 
 
 Inflammation of the Bladder... 36 
 
 Inflammation of Bone 44 
 
 Inflammation of the Bowels... 91 
 Inflammation of the Brain 
 
 (Meningitis) 49 
 
 Inflammation of Breasts 432 
 
 Inflammation of the Eyes.. 119, 123 
 Inflammation of the Heart 
 
 (Endocarditis) 178 
 
 Inflammation of the Heart 
 
 ( Pericarditis) 177 
 
 Inflammation of the Kidneys 
 
 (Bright's Disease) 211, 212 
 
 Inflammation of the Liver .... 233 
 Inflammation of the Lungs 
 
 (Pneumonia) 248 
 
 Inflammation of the Ovaries... 447 
 Inflammation of the Spinal 
 
 Cord 258 
 
 Inflammation of the Womb .... 440 
 
INDEX. 
 
 753 
 
 Inflammations, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 524, 545, 550, 558, 576 
 582, 593, 596, 600, 609, 674 
 
 Influenza 191, 527 
 
 Infusions 506 
 
 Injection Brou 626 
 
 Injury, Bleeding from 464 
 
 Insanity 194 
 
 Insensibility 475 
 
 Insomnia 198 
 
 Intercostal Neuralgia 263 
 
 Intermittent Fever 150 
 
 Intermittent Fever, Miscellan- 
 eous Remedies for, 511,514, 516 
 523, 528, 529, 562, 601, 604, 674 
 
 Intersusception 200 
 
 Intestinal Obstruction 198 
 
 Iodine 727 
 
 Iodine, Poisoning by 727 
 
 Ipecac 728 
 
 Iritis 123 
 
 Iron 730 
 
 Itch 309, 564, 566, 664, 672 
 
 Ivy, Poisoning by 504, 530 
 
 Jaborandi 731 
 
 Jail Fever 135 
 
 Jalap 733 
 
 Jaundice 203 
 
 Jaundice, Malignant 229 
 
 Jaundice, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 512,515,516,518,528, 552 
 555, 559, 57i, 579, 602, 667 
 
 Jaundice, Pernicious 453 
 
 Jaw, Dislocation of 473 
 
 Jayne's Expectorant 627 
 
 JOINTS,. DISEASES OF 204 
 
 Hip Joint Disease 205 
 
 Stiff Joint 208 
 
 White Swelling 207, 607, 658 
 
 K 
 
 Keeley Cure 622 
 
 Kennedy's Medical Discovery... 627 
 
 KIDNEYS, DISEASES OF 209 
 
 Abscess of 210 
 
 Albuminuria 215 
 
 Amyloid Degeneration of 210 
 
 Bright's Disease 211, 212 
 
 Cirrhosis of 211 
 
 Congestion of 215 
 
 Floating Kidney 216 
 
 Gravel 217 
 
 Hydronephrosis 220 
 
 Stone in 217 
 
 48 
 
 Kidney Diseases, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 510, 514, 530, 533, 537 
 579, 580, 582, 587, 598, 599, 601, 611 
 
 rr , t+ 654 ' 667 
 
 King s Evil 220 
 
 King's New Discovery 627 
 
 Kneecap, Fracture of 480 
 
 Knee, Dislocation of 473 
 
 L 
 
 Labor 425 
 
 Labor, After It is Over 399 
 
 La Grippe 191 
 
 Lane's Tea , 740 
 
 Laryngitis 220 
 
 Larynx, Oedema of 222 
 
 Laudanum, Poisoning by 497 
 
 Laurel, Mountain, Poisoning by 497 
 
 Laxol 654 
 
 Lead Paralysis, To Avoid 666 
 
 Lead Poisoning 223, 578, 666 
 
 Leg, Fracture of 480 
 
 Leprosy 309 
 
 Lethian Liniment 657 
 
 Leucaemia — White Blood 224 
 
 Leucorrhea ". 445 
 
 Leucorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 509, 515, 520, 521, 543, 558 
 572, 582, 588, 590, 600, 607, 675 
 
 Liebig's Corn Cure 627 
 
 Lime, Poisoning by 498 
 
 Lime Water, To Make 655 
 
 Liniments 656 
 
 LIVER, DISEASES OF 225 
 
 Abscess of 227 
 
 Amyloid Degeneration of 228 
 
 Atrophy, Acute Yellow 229 
 
 Cirrhosis 233 
 
 Congestion of 231 
 
 Gin Drinker's 233 
 
 Inflammation, Chronic 233 
 
 "Liver Complaint" 231 
 
 Liver Diseases, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 508, 515, 521, 522, 527 
 540, 543, 548, 55i, 553, 568, 579, 584 
 595, 598, 609, 659, 667 
 
 Liver Spots 31 1 
 
 Lockjaw 234, 583, 607 
 
 Locomotor Ataxia 236 
 
 Lordosis 2 °5 
 
 Low Spirits 516, 528 
 
 Lumbago 283, 558 
 
 Lumpjaw 239 
 
 Lunar Caustic, Poisoning by 498 
 
 LUNGS, DISEASES OF 239 
 
 Bronchitis 241 
 
 Bronchitis, Capillary 244 
 
754 
 
 INDBX. 
 
 LUNGS, DISEASES OF— Continued. 
 
 Bronchitis, Chronic 243 
 
 Bronchitis, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 edies for, . . 517, 536, 538, 546, 547 
 
 554, 556, 577, 592, 597, 613, 645, 656 
 
 667 
 
 Cirrhosis 358 
 
 Congestion of 247 
 
 Gangrene of 251 
 
 Hemorrhage of 183 
 
 Pleuro- Pneumonia 254 
 
 Pneumonia 248 
 
 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 351 
 
 Lung Diseases, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 516, 520, 523, 538, 550 
 
 555, 559, 560, 569, 570, 577, 584, 639 
 
 640, 659, 673 
 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Com- 
 pound 628 
 
 Lymphatic Vessels and Glands. 359 
 Lyon's Kathairon 628 
 
 M 
 
 Madame Ruppert's Face Bleach . 628 
 
 Magnetic Pain Killer 629 
 
 MALARIAL FEVERS 149 
 
 Intermittent Fever 150 
 
 Intermittent Fever, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 511, 514, 516 
 523, 528, 529, 562, 601, 604, 674 
 
 Pernicious Fever 156 
 
 Relapsing Fever 154 
 
 Remittent Fever 152 
 
 Remittent Fever, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 514, 523, 543 
 
 Typho-Malarial Fever 154 
 
 Malingering 255 
 
 Malvina Cream 628 
 
 Malvina Lotion 628 
 
 Marriage, About 387 
 
 Mayer's German Ointment 662 
 
 Measles 142 
 
 Measles, False 144 
 
 Medicines for Baby 409 
 
 Megrim 262 
 
 Meningitis 49 
 
 Meningitis, Cerebro- Spinal 50 
 
 Meningitis, Tubercular 52 
 
 Menorrhagia 419 
 
 Menstruation 415 
 
 Menstruation Between Periods . . 
 
 (Metorrhagia) 420 
 
 Menstruation, Diminished 416 
 
 Menstruation, Painful (Dysme- 
 norrhea) 418 
 
 Menstruation, Profuse (Menor- 
 rhagia) 419 
 
 Menstruation, Suppressed (Amen- 
 orrhea) 417 
 
 Menstruation, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 511, 512, 524, 528, 531 
 
 533, 538, 54i, 542, 546, 548, 549, 563 
 564, 568, 571, 580, 588, 589, 59i, 594 
 
 603,667, 676 
 
 Metorrhagia 420 
 
 Micajah's Medicated Uterine 
 
 Wafers 629 
 
 Milk, Boiled .- 659 
 
 Milk Fever 432 
 
 Milk Leg 431 
 
 Milk Sickness 256 
 
 Miscarriage 422 
 
 Mole 302 
 
 Mollites Ossium 46 
 
 Monk's Head, Poisoning by 498 
 
 Monthly Illness 386 
 
 Morphine 735 
 
 Morphine, Poisoning by 498 
 
 Mortification . 163 
 
 Mothers, Advice to Young 381 
 
 Mother's Mark 454 
 
 MOUTH, DISEASES OF 454 
 
 Apthae 454 
 
 Cancrum Oris 456 
 
 Canker Sore Mouth 454 
 
 Gangrene of the Mouth 456 
 
 Thrush 454 
 
 Mouth, Sore, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 527, 554, 557, 572 
 
 588, 589 
 
 Mucilaginous Drinks 492 
 
 Mumps 256 
 
 Muriatic Acid, Poisoning by.... 498 
 
 Mushrooms, Poisoning by 498 
 
 Myelitis 258 
 
 N 
 
 Nausea . . 259, 537, 544, 553, 581, 596 
 
 606 
 
 Near-Sightedness 117 
 
 Necrosis 47 
 
 Nervous Disorders, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 513, 526, 531, 532 
 
 534, 538, 545, 553, 559, 564, 566, 567 
 569, 575, 589, 593, 604, 608, 667, 67b 
 
 Nervousness 260 
 
 Nettle Rash 308 
 
 Neuralgia, of the Face 262 
 
 Neuralgia, of the Loins 263 
 
 Neuralgia, of the Neck and Arm 263 
 Neuralgia, of the Neck and Head 263 
 
INDBX. 
 
 755 
 
 Neuralgia, of the Side 263 
 
 Neuralgia, of the Thigh 263 
 
 Neuralgia, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 509,531,535,560,562, 563 
 574, 610, 658, 660, 661 
 Neuralgic Pills, Brown-Se- 
 
 quard's 660 
 
 Neuralgic Pills, Gross' 661 
 
 Nightmare 457 
 
 Night Sweats 266, 579, 661 
 
 Night Terror 457 
 
 Nipples, Sore 433 
 
 Nitrate of Silver, Poisoning by. 499 
 
 Nitre, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Nitric Acid, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Nitroglycerine 726 
 
 Nocturnal Emissions 267 
 
 Nose, Bleeding from 465 
 
 Nose, Things in 483 
 
 Nursing the Baby 402 
 
 Nux Vomica 733 
 
 Nux Vomica, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Obesity 268 
 
 Oedema 103 
 
 Oesophagus, Foreign Bodies in . . 477 
 Oil of Almonds, Poisoning by. . . 499 
 
 Oil of Cedar, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Oil of Rue, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Oil of Savin, Poisoning by 499 
 
 Oil of Tansy, Poisoning by 500 
 
 Oil of Tar, Poisoning by 500 
 
 Oil of Vitriol, Poisoning by.... 500 
 
 Ointments 506, 662 
 
 Ophthalmia 117 
 
 Opium 735 
 
 Opium, Poisoning by 500 
 
 Orange Blossom 629 
 
 Osteo-Malatia 46 
 
 Osteo-Myelitis 44 
 
 Ostitis 44 
 
 Ovarian Tumors 448 
 
 Ovaries, Inflammation of 447 
 
 Oxalic Acid, Poisoning by 501 
 
 Paine' s Celery Compound 629 
 
 Painter's Colic 77 
 
 Painter's Paralysis, to Avoid... 666 
 
 Palpitation of the Heart. . 174, 666 
 
 Palsy, Numb 271 
 
 Paralysis 269 
 
 Paralysis, Agitans 269 
 
 Paralysis, Infantile 458 
 
 Paralysis, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 
 dies for, 558, 575, 579 
 
 Paraplegia 269 
 
 Paregoric 34 
 
 Paris Green, Poisoning by 501 
 
 Parke-Davis' Uterine Tonic 636 
 
 PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
 ARATIONS 615 
 
 Allen's Lung Balsam 615 
 
 Anti-Fat 615 
 
 Ayer's Cherry Pectoral 615 
 
 Ayer's Hair Vigor 615 
 
 Ayer's Sarsaparilla 616 
 
 Balm of a Thousand Flowers. . . 616 
 
 Barrel's Indian Liniment 616 
 
 Bay Rum 616 
 
 Beecham's Pills 616 
 
 "Big G" Injection 616 
 
 Black Oil Liniment 616 
 
 Bordet's Hair Tonic 617 
 
 Boschee's German Syrup 617 
 
 Brandreth's Pills 617 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Fissure System of 
 
 Treatment 618 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Pile Remedy 617 
 
 Brinkerhoff's Ulcer Specific 618 
 
 Brown's Bronchial Troches .... 618 
 
 Bucklen's Arnica Salve 618 
 
 Bull's Cough Syrup 619 
 
 Camphor Ice 619 
 
 Carter's Little Liver Pills 619 
 
 Castoria 619 
 
 Chamberlain's Colic and Cholera 
 
 Remedy 619 
 
 Chamberlain's Relief 619 
 
 Cod Liver Oil Emulsion 619 
 
 Coke Dandruff Cure 620 
 
 Cuticura Ointment 620 
 
 Cuticura Resolvent 620 
 
 Davis' (Perry) Pain Killer 620 
 
 Ely's Cream Balm 621 
 
 Espey's Cream 621 
 
 Fahnestock's Vermifuge 621 
 
 Fellows' Hypophosphites 621 
 
 Frostilla 622 
 
 Gargling Oil 622 
 
 "Gold Cure" for Drunkenness.. 622 
 Good Samaritan Cough Syrup.. 623 
 
 Good Samaritan Liniment 623 
 
 Greene's Nervura 624 
 
 Green Mountain Salve 624 
 
 Green's August Flower 624 
 
 Hair Restoratives, Lead in 624 
 
 Hair's (W. B.) Asthma Cure.. 624 
 
 Hall's Catarrh Cure 625 
 
 Hall's Hair Renewer 626 
 
75 6 INDEX. 
 
 PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
 ARATIONS— Continued. 
 
 Harlem Oil 626 
 
 Hop Bitters 626 
 
 Hostetter's Bitters 626 
 
 Hunyadi Janos Water 626 
 
 Inj ection Brou 626 
 
 Jayne's Expectorant 627 
 
 Keeley Cure 622 
 
 Kennedy's Medical Discovery... 627 
 
 King's New Discovery 627 
 
 Liebig's Corn Cure 627 
 
 Lydia Pinkham's Vegetable Com- 
 pound 628 
 
 Lyon's Kathairon 628 
 
 Madame Ruppert's Face Bleach. 628 
 
 Magnetic Pain Killer 629 
 
 Malvina Cream 628 
 
 Malvina Lotion 628 
 
 Micajah's Medicated Uterine Wa- 
 fers 629 
 
 Orange Blossom 629 
 
 Paine's Celery Compound 629 
 
 Peruna 630 
 
 Pettit's Eye Salve 630 
 
 Pierce's Favorite Prescription.. 630 
 Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- 
 ery 630 
 
 Pimple Lotion 631 
 
 Pink Pills for Pale People 631 
 
 Piso's Cure for Consumption... 631 
 
 Radam's Microbe Killer 631 
 
 Radway's Ready Relief 631 
 
 Ransom's Hive Syrup and Tolu. 631 
 
 Recamier Balm 632 
 
 Recamier Cream 632 
 
 Recamier Moth and Freckle Lo- 
 tion 632 
 
 Recamier Powder 632 
 
 Sage's Catarrh Remedy 632 
 
 St. Jacob's Oil 634 
 
 Sanford's Radical Cure of Ca- 
 tarrh 632 
 
 Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup 632 
 
 Seidlitz Powders 633 
 
 Seven Barks 633 
 
 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair 
 
 Grower 633 
 
 Shiloh's Consumption Cure . . . 634 
 
 Smith Bros.' Cough Drops 634 
 
 Sozodont 634 
 
 Squibb's Diarrhea Mixture 634 
 
 Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets 634 
 
 "Sun" Cholera Cure 635 
 
 Swaim's Vermifuge 635 
 
 Swift's Syphilitic Specific 635 j 
 
 PATENT AND SECRET PREP- 
 ARATIONS— Continued. 
 
 Syrup of Figs 635 
 
 Thompson's Eye Water 635 
 
 Trask's Magnetic Ointment.... 636 
 
 Uterine Tonic, Buckley's 636 
 
 Uterine Tonic, Parke-Davis' . . . 636 
 Van Buskirk's Fragrant Sozo- 
 dont 636 
 
 Warner's Safe Kidney and Liver 
 
 Cure 637 
 
 Wherrell Treatment 623 
 
 Winslow's Soothing Syrup 637 
 
 Pemphigus 312 
 
 Perfumes 682 
 
 Pericarditis 177 
 
 Periostitis 44 
 
 Peritonitis 273 
 
 Pernicious Fever 156 
 
 Perspiration, Odor prom 666 
 
 Peruna 630 
 
 Pettit's Eye Salve 630 
 
 Phimosis 459 
 
 Phosphorus, Poisoning by 501 
 
 Phthisis 351 
 
 Pierce's Favorite Prescription. .. 630 
 Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- 
 ery 630 
 
 Pigeon Breast 295 
 
 Piles 15 
 
 Piles, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 510, 523, 545, 553, 560, 576, 579 
 582, 592, 596, 601, 610, 611, 612, 663 
 664,665, 670 
 
 Pills 666 
 
 Pills, Chapman's Dinner 666 
 
 Pilocarpine 731 
 
 Pimple Lotion 631 
 
 Pimples 313 
 
 Pink Pills for Pale People 631 
 
 Piso's Cure for Consumption... 631 
 
 Placenta Praevia 424 
 
 Plasters 507, 668 
 
 Pleurisy 275 
 
 Pleurisy, Chronic 279 
 
 Pleurisy, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 540, 545, 550, 559, 570, 582 
 
 608, 669, 674 
 
 Pleuro-Pneumonia 254 
 
 Pneumonia 248, 592 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES.. 489 
 Poisoning by Acetate of Copper. 492 
 Poisoning by Acetate of Lead... 492 
 
 Poisoning by Aconite 492 
 
 Poisoning by Alcohol 492 
 
 Poisoning by Ammonia 492 
 
INDEX. 
 
 757 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— 
 Continued. 
 
 Poisoning by Antimony 493 
 
 Poisoning by Aqua Fortis 493 
 
 Poisoning by Arsenic 493 
 
 Poisoning by Belladonna 494 
 
 Poisoning by Bismuth 494 
 
 Poisoning by Blistering Flies . . . 494 
 
 Poisoning by Blue Vitriol 494 
 
 Poisoning by Camphor 494 
 
 Poisoning by Carbolic Acid 494 
 
 Poisoning by Carbonate of Lead. 495 
 Poisoning by Carbonic Acid Gas. 495 
 
 Poisoning by Chloral 721 
 
 Poisoning by Cobalt 495 
 
 Poisoning by Corrosive Sublimate 495 
 
 Poisoning by Creosote 496 
 
 Poisoning by Deadly Nightshade. 496 
 
 Poisoning by Digitalis 496 
 
 Poisoning by Dogwood 504 
 
 Poisoning by Fish 496 
 
 Poisoning by Fool's Parsley .... 496 
 
 Poisoning by Foxglove 496 
 
 Poisoning by Hellebore 497 
 
 Poisoning by Hemlock 497 
 
 Poisoning by Henbane 497 
 
 Poisoning by Iodine 727 
 
 Poisoning by Ivy 504, 530 
 
 Poisoning by Laudanum 497 
 
 Poisoning by Laurel, Mountain. . . 497 
 
 Poisoning by Lime 498 
 
 Poisoning by Lunar Caustic 498 
 
 Poisoning by Monk's Head 498 
 
 Poisoning by Morphine 498 
 
 Poisoning by Muriatic Acid .... 498 
 
 Poisoning by Mushrooms 498 
 
 Poisoning by Nitrate of Silver.. 499 
 
 Poisoning by Nitre 499 
 
 Poisoning by Nitric Acid 499 
 
 Poisoning by Nux Vomica 499 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Almonds.... 499 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Cedar 499 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Rue 499 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Savin 499 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Tansy 500 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Tar 500 
 
 Poisoning by Oil of Vitriol 500 
 
 Poisoning by Opium 500 
 
 Poisoning by Oxalic Acid 501 
 
 Poisoning by Paris Green 501 
 
 Poisoning by Phosphorus 501 
 
 Poisoning by Potash, Hydrate of 501 
 
 Poisoning by Prussic Acid 502 
 
 Poisoning by Rough on Rats . . . 502 
 
 Poisoning by Stramonium 502 
 
 Poisoning by Strychnine 502 
 
 Poisoning by Sugar of Lead — 502 
 
 POISONS AND ANTIDOTES— 
 
 Continued. 
 Poisoning by Sulphate of Copper 503 
 Poisoning by Sulphate of Zinc. 503 
 Poisoning by Sulphuric Acid ... 503 
 Poisoning by Tartar Emetic .... 503 
 
 Poisoning by Thorn Apple 503 
 
 Poisoning by Tobacco 503 
 
 Poisoning by Verdigris 503 
 
 Poisoning by White Lead 503 
 
 Poisoning by White Vitriol 503 
 
 Poisoning by Wolf's Bane 504 
 
 Poisons, Acid 490 
 
 Poisons, Alkali 491 
 
 Poisons, Mineral 490 
 
 Poisons, Vegetable 490 
 
 Polypus 279, 445 
 
 Potash, Hydrate of, Poisoning 
 
 BY 501 
 
 Pott's Disease 361 
 
 Poulticing Remedies, 551,566,576, 594 
 
 602, 610 
 
 Powders 507, 670 
 
 Powders, Face 678 
 
 Powders, Sachet 683 
 
 Powders, Tooth ". 684 
 
 Pregnancy, Signs of 421 
 
 Pregnant State, About 393 
 
 Prickly Heat 313 
 
 Prolapse op the Womb 438 
 
 Prolapsus Ani 17 
 
 Prolapsus Ani (Falling op the 
 Bowels) Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies por, 558, 599, 607, 610 
 
 Prostate Gland, Enlargement of, 280 
 Proud Flesh, Remedies for. . 553, 644 
 
 Prussic Acid, Poisoning by 502 
 
 Psoriasis = 314 
 
 Pterygium 125 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions 430 
 
 Puerperal Fever 429 
 
 Purification of the Blood 240 
 
 Pustule, Malignant 282 
 
 Putrid Sore Throat 281 
 
 Pyaemia 41 
 
 Quinine 737 
 
 Quinsy 346, 589, 658 
 
 Rabies 283 
 
 Radam's Microbe Killer 631 
 
 Radway's Ready Relief 631 
 
 Ransom's Hive Syrup 631 
 
758 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Rattlesnake Bite 484 
 
 Recamier Balm 632 
 
 Recamier Cream 632 
 
 Recamier Moth and Freckle Lo- 
 tion 632 
 
 Recamier Powder 632 
 
 Relapsing Fever 154 
 
 Remaining in Bed 401 
 
 Remittent Fever 152 
 
 Remitent Fever, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 514, 523, 543 
 
 Rheumatism, Chronic 288 
 
 Rheumatism, Gonorrheal 291 
 
 Rheumatism, Inflammatory 287 
 
 Rheumatism, Muscular 283 
 
 Rheumatism, Sciatic 292 
 
 Rheumatism, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 511, 524, 526, 527, 528 
 529, 530, 538, 542, 546, 556, 558, 560 
 563, 567, 573, 574, 575, 578, 579, 583 
 585, 587, 590, 59i, 597, 600, 603, 606 
 607, 610, 657, 658, 668, 669, 670, 671 
 
 674 
 
 Rhubarb 738 
 
 Ribs, Fracture of 479 
 
 Rickets 294 
 
 Ringworm of the Beard 316 
 
 Ringworm of the Body 315 
 
 Ringworm, Honeycombed 316 
 
 Ringworm of the Scalp 316 
 
 Ringworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 525, 535, 566 
 
 Rocky Mountain Tea 740 
 
 Romberg's Sign 238 
 
 Room, to Disinfect After a Con- 
 tagious Disease 743 
 
 Room Where Baby is Kept 409 
 
 Root Beer 652 
 
 Rose Rash 318 
 
 Rough on Rats, Poisoning by . . . 502 
 Rupture 184 
 
 Sachet Powders 683 
 
 Sage's Catarrh Remedy 632 
 
 Saint Anthony's Fire 296 
 
 Saint Jacob's Oil 634 
 
 Saint Vitus's Dance. . . 296, 542, 593 
 
 Saline Laxative 738 
 
 Salol 7i3 
 
 Salt Rheum 305 
 
 Salt Rheum, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, . . .520, 529, 582, 663, 664 
 
 Salves (Ointments) 506, 662 
 
 Sanford's Radical Cure of Ca- 
 tarrh 6& 
 
 Sapraemia 41 
 
 Scald Head 316, 664 
 
 Scalds 468, 576, 588 
 
 Scarlatina 145 
 
 Scarlet Fever 145, 575 
 
 Scarret's Liniment 657 
 
 Schenck's Pulmonic Syrup 632 
 
 Sciatica 263, 292, 558 
 
 Scorbutus 298 
 
 Scrofula 359 
 
 Scrofulous Complaints, Miscel- 
 laneous Remedies for . . 508 
 509, 512, 520, 522, 550, 562, 570, 571 
 573, 574, 586, 590, 592, 595, 598, 599 
 
 607, 673 
 Scurvy 298 
 
 Scurvy, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 for, 528, 529, 537, 551, 567, 592, 593 
 
 606 
 
 Seasickness 299 
 
 Seat Worms 462 
 
 Seidlitz Powders 633 
 
 Seidlitz Salts 738 
 
 Senna 740 
 
 Septicaemia 41, 429 
 
 Seven Barks 633 
 
 Seven Sutherland Sisters' Hair 
 
 Grower 633 
 
 Shaking Palsy 269 
 
 Shiloh's Consumption Cure 634 
 
 Shingles (Herpes) 31S 
 
 Shingles, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 529, 530, 564, 663 
 
 Shock 483 
 
 Sick Headache 170 
 
 Sinews, Contracted 548, 664 
 
 SKIN DISEASES 300 
 
 Acne 303 
 
 Barber's Itch 316 
 
 Birth Marks 301 
 
 Blackheads 304 
 
 Eczema 305, 517, 520 
 
 Fish-Skin Disease 307 
 
 Freckles 307 
 
 Herpes 318 
 
 Hives 308 
 
 Itch 309 
 
 Leprosy 309 
 
 Liver Spots 311 
 
 Mole 302 
 
 Nettle Rash 308 
 
 Pemphigus 3 12 
 
 Pimples 3*3 
 
 Prickly Heat 3U 
 
 Psoriasis 3*4 
 
 Ringworm of the Beard 316 
 
INDBX. 
 
 759 
 
 SKIN DISEASES— Continued. 
 
 Ringworm of the Body .•• 315 
 
 Ringworm, Honeycombed — Scald- 
 Head 316 
 
 Ringworm of the Scalp 316 
 
 Ringworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 525, 535, 566 
 
 Rose Rash 318 
 
 Salt Rheum 305 
 
 Salt Rheum, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 520, 529, 582, 663, 664 
 
 Shingles 318 
 
 Tetter 305 
 
 Wart 302 
 
 Skin Diseases, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 522, 527, 530, 546, 551 
 
 565, 566, 569, 573, 584, 589, 590, 591 
 
 595, 596, 598, 599, 602, 605, 606, 612 
 
 642, 667, 670 
 
 Sleep, About 385 
 
 Sleep- Walking 320 
 
 Small Cuts, Bleeding prom 466 
 
 Smallpox 137 
 
 Smith Bros/ Cough Drops 634 
 
 Snake Bites 484 
 
 Snake Bites, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 519, 520, 531, 535, 582 
 
 590, 605 
 
 Soap Liniment 657 
 
 Somnambulism 320 
 
 Sores, III- Conditioned, Miscella- 
 neous Remedies for, 510, 519, 525 
 529, 548, 553, 564, 569, 576, 588, 599 
 
 612, 669 
 
 Sore Throat 343 
 
 Sozodont 634 
 
 Spasms 321, 460, 540, 565, 589 
 
 Speech, Loss of 18 
 
 Spermatorrhea 267 
 
 Spinal Column, Fracture of 481 
 
 Spinal Cord, Inflammation of. ; 258 
 
 Spinal Meningitis 321 
 
 Spine Cleft 321 
 
 Spirillum Fever 154 
 
 Spitting of Blood 537 
 
 Spleen, Enlargement of.... 322, 543 
 
 Splints 463 
 
 Spotted Fever 51 
 
 Sprains 485, 576 
 
 Squibb' s Diarrhea Mixture 634 
 
 Squills 74 1 
 
 Stammering 323 
 
 Stenosis 1S0 
 
 Stings 486 
 
 Stitch 284 
 
 Store's Liniment 658 
 
 Stomach and Bowel Difficulties 
 of Children 460 
 
 STOMACH, DISEASES OF.... 324 
 
 Acidity of 330 
 
 Cancer of 335 
 
 Catarrhal Indigestion 331 
 
 Chronic Indigestion 331 
 
 Dilatation of 331 
 
 Dyspepsia, or Indigestion 327 
 
 Hemorrhage of 183 
 
 Neuralgia of 333 
 
 Ulcer of 334 
 
 Stomach Diseases, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 544, 552, 553, 557 
 
 601,606, 670 
 
 Stomach Tonic Remedies, 508, 513, 523 
 
 534, 536, 554, 555, 598, 613, 667 
 
 Stone in the Bladder . .- 38 
 
 Stone in the Kidney 217 
 
 Strabismus 117 
 
 Stramonium, Poisoning by 502 
 
 Strangulation 487 
 
 Strangury 338 
 
 Strangury, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 569, 601, 604 
 
 Stricture - 338, 375 
 
 Strophanthus 741 
 
 Strychnine 733 
 
 Strychnine, Poisoning by 502 
 
 Stuart's Dyspepsia Tablets .... 634 
 
 Stupor (Collapse) 469 
 
 Stuttering 323 
 
 Sty 125 
 
 Suffocation from Gas 464 
 
 Sugar of Lead, Poisoning by.... 502 
 Sulphate of Copper, Poisoning by 503 
 Sulphate of Zinc, Poisoning by.. 503 
 
 sulphocarbolates, the 713 
 
 Sulphuric Acid, Poisoning by... 503 
 
 Summer Complaint 339, 523 
 
 Sunburn 339 
 
 "Sun" Cholera Cure 635 
 
 Sunstroke 482 
 
 Swaim's Vermifuge 635 
 
 Sweat Glands, Disorder of. . 339, 666 
 
 Sweating Remedies 525, 670 
 
 Swellings, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 556, 564, 576, 600, 664, 665 
 
 Swift's Syphilitic Specific 635 
 
 Syphilis 368 
 
 Syphilitic Complaints, Miscel- 
 laneous Remedies for, . . 512, 520 
 533, 559, 573, 577, 59©, 597, 598. 603 
 
 606, 642 
 
 Syrup of Figs 63s 
 
 Syrups 673 
 
760 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Tables, Handy 508 
 
 Tapeworm 34° 
 
 Tapeworm, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 513, 570, 584 
 
 Tartar Emetic, Poisoning by 503 
 
 Teeth, Bleeding from 467 
 
 Teeth, Care of 342 
 
 Teething 404 
 
 Tetanus 234 
 
 Tetter 305 
 
 Thompson's Eye Water 635 
 
 Thorn Apple, Poisoning by 503 
 
 Thread Worms 462 
 
 Throat, Sore 343 
 
 Throat, Sore, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies eor, 515, 527, 556, 557, 572 
 
 599, 653, 657 
 
 Throat, Things in 487 
 
 Thrush 454 
 
 Thumb, Dislocation of 473 
 
 Tic-Douloureux 263 
 
 Tinctures 507, 674 
 
 Tobacco, Poisoning by 503 
 
 Toe-Nail, Ingrowing 344 
 
 Toilet Water 683 
 
 Tongue, The 344 
 
 Tongue, Inflammation of 345 
 
 Tongue-Tie 461 
 
 Tonic Bitters 676 
 
 Tonic Remedies, Miscellaneous, 
 
 522, 525, 529, 553, 561, 575, 576, 580 
 587, 589, 593, 597, 603, 611, 675, 676 
 
 Tonics 675 
 
 ToNSiLiTis 345 
 
 Tonsils, Enlarged 349 
 
 Toothache Remedies 342, 537 
 
 Tooth Powders 684 
 
 Torticollis 284 
 
 Trance 349 
 
 Trance Coma 349 
 
 Trance, Death 349 
 
 Trance Sleep 349 
 
 Trask's Magnetic Ointment 636 
 
 Trichina Worm 350 
 
 Tubercular Meningitis 52 
 
 Tuberculosis 35 1 
 
 Tuberculosis of the Lymph 
 
 Glands 359 
 
 Tumors 363, 444, 448 
 
 Tumors, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 513, 522, 558, 564, 592, 596 
 
 610, 665, 669 
 Tumors, Cancerous, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 510, 519, 583, 644 
 
 669 
 
 Tumors, Scrofulous, Miscellan- 
 eous Remedies for, 518, 550, 593 
 
 644, 669 
 
 Typhoid Fever 130 
 
 Typhoid Fever, Internal Anti- 
 septics for 133 
 
 Typhoid Pneumonia 248 
 
 Typhus Fever 135 
 
 U 
 
 Ulcer of the Stomach 334 
 
 Ulcers 373 
 
 Ulcers, Miscellaneous Remedies 
 
 for, 510, 517, 520, 521, 522, 525, 527 
 
 530, 533, 535, 558, 564, 576, 582, 585 
 
 588, 592, 599, 606, 607, 609, 610, 664 
 
 668,672, 673 
 
 Uraemia , 364 
 
 Uric Acid 365 
 
 Urinary Difficulties, Miscella- 
 neous Remedies for, 514,516, 519 
 528, 530, 531, 533, 539, 542, 555, 560 
 569, 586, 587, 604 
 
 Urination, Painful . . 35 
 
 Urine, Bloody 43, 545 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of 452 
 
 Urine, Incontinence of, Miscel- 
 laneous Remedies for, 542, 570, 604 
 
 Urine, Retention of 35, 366, 453 
 
 Urine, Scalding of, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, . . 510, 576, 579 
 Urine, Suppression of, Miscella- 
 neous Remedies for, 540, 545, 580 
 
 596 
 
 Uterine Tonic, Buckley's 636 
 
 Uterine Tonic, Parke-Davis' .... 636 
 Uterine Tonics, Miscellaneous, 
 
 524, 556, 586 
 
 Vaccination 141 
 
 Vagina, Diseases of 445 
 
 VanBuskirk's Fragrant Sozodont 636 
 
 Varicocele 366 
 
 Varicose Veins 366 
 
 Varioloid 140 
 
 VENEREAL DISEASES 368 
 
 Chancre 369 
 
 Chancroid 369 
 
 Chordee 375 
 
 Gleet 375 
 
 Gonorrhea 373 
 
 Syphilis 368 
 
VENEREAL DISEASES— Continued. 
 
 Syphilitic Complaints, Miscellan- 
 eous Remedies for, . . 512, 520, 533 
 559, 573, 577, 590, 597, 598, 603, 606 
 
 642 
 Venereal Diseases, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 526, 559, 570, 595 
 599, 605, 642, 667 
 
 Veratrum Viride 742 
 
 Verdigris, Poisoning by 503 
 
 Vertigo (Dizziness) 518, 538 
 
 Vision, Defects of 116 
 
 Voice, Loss of 18 
 
 Volvulus 200 
 
 Vomiting 376 
 
 Vomiting, Miscellaneous Reme- 
 dies for, 508, 534, 536, 537, 544, 581 
 588, 596, 606, 676 
 
 W 
 
 Warner's Safe Kidney and Liver 
 
 Cure 637 
 
 Warts 302, 535 
 
 Water, Boiled 659 
 
 Water on the Brain 376 
 
 Water Brash 376 
 
 Weak Back, Plasters for. . 668, 672 
 
 Weaning, Time of 405 
 
 Wens 377, 593 
 
 Westphal's Sign 238 
 
 WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 
 
 OUGHT TO KNOW 380 
 
 Air, Fresh 389 
 
 Apprehension, Feeling of 411 
 
 Baby, Care of the 402 
 
 Bath, About 384 
 
 Bowels, About Keeping Regular 385 
 
 Caution 414 
 
 Clothing for Baby 409 
 
 Confinement, Preparations for. . 398 
 
 Cosmetics, etc., About 387 
 
 Crisis, the First 382 
 
 Diet, As to 385 
 
 Disinfection, About 391 
 
 Dress for Young Girls 383 
 
 Dress for Young Women 387 
 
 Exercise, About 386 
 
 Feeding the Baby 406 
 
 Food for Babies Who Cannot Be 
 
 Nursed 407 
 
 Foods, About 392 
 
 Girls, Care of Young 380 
 
 Hair, Care of 384 
 
 Hot Flashes 411 
 
 House Sanitation 388 
 
 INDEX. ;6i 
 
 WHAT GIRLS AND MOTHERS 
 OUGHT TO KNOW— Continued. 
 
 Labor, After It is Over 399 
 
 Marriage, About 387 
 
 Medicines for Baby 409 
 
 Monthly Illness 386 
 
 Mothers, Advice to Young 381 
 
 Nervous Disturbances 412 
 
 Nursing the Baby 402 
 
 Pregnant State, About 393 
 
 Remaining in Bed 401 
 
 Room Where Baby is Kept 409 
 
 Sleep, About 385 
 
 Teething 404 
 
 Weaning, Time of 405 
 
 What a Woman of Forty-five 
 
 Ought to Know 410 
 
 What a Young Wife and Mother 
 
 Ought to Know 388 
 
 What a Young Woman Ought to 
 
 Know 384 
 
 Wherrell Treatment 623 
 
 White Lead, Poisoning by 503 
 
 White Liniment 658 
 
 White Swelling 207, 607, 658 
 
 White Vitriol, Poisoning by 503 
 
 Whitlow 377 
 
 Whooping Cough 377 
 
 Whooping Cough, Miscellaneous 
 Remedies for, 521, 524, 563, 565, 569 
 
 592,646, 656 
 
 Wind Colic 75 
 
 Windpipe, Things in 487 
 
 Winslow's Soothing Syrup 637 
 
 Winter Cough 80, 536 
 
 Wolf's Bane, Poisoning by 504 
 
 Womb, Diseases of 435 
 
 WOMEN, DISEASES OF 415 
 
 Abortion 422 
 
 Amenorrhea 4 l 7 
 
 Breasts, Diseases of 432 
 
 Abscess of 432 
 
 Broken Breasts 432 
 
 Milk Fever 432 
 
 Nipples, Sore 433 
 
 Change of Life 410 
 
 Child-Bed Fever 429 
 
 Chlorosis 42c 
 
 Confinement 421 
 
 Dysmenorrhea 4 J 8 
 
 Female Complaints, Miscellane- 
 ous Remedies for, 526, 539, 544 
 596, 598, 675 
 
 Flooding 428 
 
 Green Sickness 420 
 
 Labor 423 
 
?62 
 
 INDBX. 
 
 WOMEN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Leucorrhea 445 
 
 Leucorrhea, Miscellaneous Rem- 
 edies for, 509, 515, 520, 521, 543 
 558, 572, 582, 588, 590, 600, 607, 675 
 
 Menorrhagia 419 
 
 Menstruation 415 
 
 Menstruation, Diminished 416 
 
 Menstruation, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, . . 511, 512, 524, 528 
 
 531, 533, 538, 541, 542, 546, 548, 549 
 
 563, 564, 568, 571, 580, 588, 589, 591 
 
 594,603,667, 676 
 
 Metorrhagia 420 
 
 Milk Leg 43i 
 
 Miscarriage 422 
 
 Ovarian Tumor 448 
 
 Ovaries, Inflammation of 447 
 
 Placenta Praevia 424 
 
 Puerperal Convulsions 430 
 
 Puerperal Fever 429 
 
 Vagina, Diseases of 445 
 
 Womb, Diseases of 435 
 
 Atrophy of 443 
 
 Displacements of 436 
 
 WOMEN, DISEASES OF— Con- 
 tinued. 
 
 Erosion of 441 
 
 Hypertrophy of 443 
 
 Inflammations of 440 
 
 Inversion of 438 
 
 Polypus in 445 
 
 Prolapse of 438 
 
 Prolapse of, Miscellaneous 
 
 Remedies for, 558, 571, 599, 607 
 
 Retroflexion of 436 
 
 Retroversion of 437 
 
 Subinvolution of 439 
 
 Tumors of 444 
 
 Wool Sorter's Disease 282 
 
 Worms, Round 461 
 
 Worms, Tape 340 
 
 Worms, Thread or Seat 462 
 
 Worms, Trichina 350 
 
 Wounds 487 
 
 Writer's Paralysis 269 
 
 Wry Neck 284 
 
 Yeixow Fever 135 
 
 INDEX TO HERB REMEDIES. 
 
 A 
 
 Abscess Root 508 
 
 Adrue 508 
 
 Agrimony 509 
 
 Ague Weed (Boneset) 527 
 
 Ale Hoof (Ground Ivy) 555 
 
 Alligator Pear 509 
 
 Almond 510 
 
 Aloe 510 
 
 Alum Root 510 
 
 Alveloz 510 
 
 American Arbor Vitae 511 
 
 American Balm-of-Gilead 511 
 
 American Centaury 511 
 
 American Columbo 512 
 
 American Dittany 512 
 
 American Ipecac (Bitter Root). 522 
 
 American Sarsaparilla 512 
 
 American Senna 513 
 
 American Valerian (Ladies' Slip- 
 per) 566 
 
 American White Hellebore 513 
 
 Angelica 513 
 
 Areca Nut 513 
 
 Asparagus 514 
 
 Aspen 514 
 
 Asthma Weed (Lobelia) 569 
 
 Australian Fever Bark 514 
 
 Avens 515 
 
 B 
 
 Balm of Heaven (California 
 
 Laurel) 531 
 
 Balmony 515 
 
 Balsam of Copaiva, or Copaiba. 516 
 
 Balsam Fir 516 
 
 Balsam of Peru 516 
 
 Balsam Poplar (American Balm- 
 of-Gilead) 511 
 
 Balsam Tolu 517 
 
 Banana Root 517 
 
INDEX. 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Barberry 517 
 
 Basswood 518 
 
 Bayberry 518 
 
 Bay Tree (California Laurel).. 531 
 
 Bearberry (Uva Ursi) 604 
 
 Bear's Weed (Yerba Santa)... 613 
 
 Beccabunga (Brook Lime) 528 
 
 Beech 518 
 
 Beech Drops 519 
 
 Bee's Nest (Carrot) 533 
 
 Bellwort 519 
 
 Bene-Benni, or Benne 519 
 
 Berberis Aquifolium 520 
 
 Bethroot 520 
 
 Bindweed 521 
 
 Bird's Nest (Carrot) 533 
 
 Bird's Nest (Fit Root) 549 
 
 Birth Root (Beth Root) 520 
 
 Bistort 521 
 
 Biting Knot Weed (Smartweed) 594 
 Bitter Bloom (American Cen- 
 taury) 511 
 
 Bitter Dock 522 
 
 Bitter Herb (Balmony) 515 
 
 Bitter Polygala (Ground Flow- 
 er) 555 
 
 Bitter Root 522 
 
 Bittersweet 522 
 
 Bittersweet Nightshade (Bitter- 
 sweet) 522 
 
 Bitterworm (Buckbean) 529 
 
 Black Alder 523 
 
 Black-Berried Elder (Elder)... 546 
 
 Blackberry 523 
 
 Black Birch 523 
 
 Black Cherry (Wild Cherry) . . 608 
 
 Black Cohosh 524 
 
 Black Haw 524 
 
 Black Henbane (Henbane) 558 
 
 Black Indian Hemp 522 
 
 Black Root (Culver's Root) . . . 543 
 Black Snake Root (Black Co- 
 hosh) 524 
 
 Blazing Star (Devil's Bit) 544 
 
 Blazing Star (Starwort) 598 
 
 Blessed Thistle 525 
 
 Blood Root 525 
 
 Blood Stanch (Fleabane) 550 
 
 Blue Bells' (Abscess Root) 508 
 
 Blue Berry (Blue Cohosh) 526 
 
 Blue Cardinal Flower 526 
 
 Blue Cohosh 526 
 
 Blue Flag 527 
 
 Blue Pimpernel (Skullcap) 593 
 
 Blue Vervain 604 
 
 763 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Blue Violet 527 
 
 Blunt -Leaved Dock (Bitter 
 
 Dock) 522 
 
 Bog Myrtle (Meadow Fern)... 573 
 
 Bohea (New Jersey Tea) 577 
 
 Boneset 527 
 
 Bouncing Bet (Soap wort) 595 
 
 Bowman's Root (Indian Physic) 561 
 
 Boxwood, or Dogwood 528 
 
 Brazilian Cocoa 556 
 
 Breakstone (Parsley Piert) 580 
 
 Bristly Stem Sarsaparilla (Dwarf 
 
 Elder) 545 
 
 Broad-Leaf Lavender (Laven- 
 der) 566 
 
 Broad-Leaved Dock (Bitter 
 
 Dock) 522 
 
 Brooklime 528 
 
 Buchu 528 
 
 Buckbean 529 
 
 Buckthorn Brake 529 
 
 Bugle Weed 529 
 
 Bull's Foot (Colt's Foot) 538 
 
 Burdock 530 
 
 Bush Honeysuckle . . . 530 
 
 Butterfly Weed (Pleurisy Root) 582 
 
 Butternut 530 
 
 Button Snake Root 531 
 
 Cabinet Cherry (Wild Cherry) . . 608 
 
 Cainca Root 531 
 
 Cajeput Tree (California Lau- 
 rel) 531 
 
 Calamus (Sweet Flag) 601 
 
 Calico Bush (Laurel) 566 
 
 California Laurel 531 
 
 California Olive (California Lau- 
 rel) .•■••:■ 53i 
 
 California Sassafras (California 
 
 Laurel) 531 
 
 Calisaya 737 
 
 Camphor 532 
 
 Canada Fleabane (Fleabane)... 550 
 Cancer Root (Beech Drops) ... . 519 
 
 Candleberry (Bayberry) 518 
 
 Caraway 532 
 
 Cardamon 533 
 
 Caroba 533 
 
 Carrot 533 
 
 Cascarilla 534 
 
 Castor Bean 534 
 
 Catchweed (Cleavers) 537 
 
 Catfoot (Ground Ivy) 555 
 
764 
 
 INDBX. 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Catmint (Catnip) 534 
 
 Catnip 534 
 
 Catwort (Catnip) 534 
 
 Cayenne Pepper, or Capsicum. .. 534 
 
 Cedron Seed 535 
 
 Celandine 535 
 
 Chamomile 536 
 
 Checker Berry (Partridge Ber- 
 ry) 58o 
 
 Cheese Plant (Low Mallow) . . 569 
 
 Chekan 536 
 
 Cherry Birch (Black Birch)... 523 
 
 Chicken's Toes (Crawley) 540 
 
 Chickweed 536 
 
 Chocolate Root (Avens) 515 
 
 Cinnamon 536 
 
 Cinquefoil 549 
 
 Cleavers 537 
 
 Cliff Weed (Alum Root) 510 
 
 Clivers (Cleavers) 537 
 
 Cloves 537 
 
 Coakum ( Poke weed) 583 
 
 Coca 537 
 
 Cocash 538 
 
 Cocillana 538 
 
 Cocklebur (Agrimony) 509 
 
 Cock-up-Hat (Stillingia) 598 
 
 Colic Root (Wild Yam) 610 
 
 Colt's Foot 538 
 
 Colt's Tail (Fleabane) 550 
 
 Columbo 539 
 
 Comfrey 539 
 
 Cone Disk Sunflower (Thimble- 
 weed) 601 
 
 Cone Flower (Thimbleweed) . . 601 
 Consumptive Weed (Yerba San- 
 ta) 613 
 
 Coolwort 540 
 
 Copaiba 516 
 
 Coral Teeth (Crawley) 540 
 
 Corn Snake Root (Button Snake 
 
 Root) 531 
 
 Cramp Bark (Cranberry High). 540 
 
 Cranberry, High 540 
 
 Crawley 540 
 
 Croton Plant 541 
 
 Crowfoot 541 
 
 Cubebs 542 
 
 Cuckoo Bread (Wood Sorrel).. 611 
 
 Cuckoo Flower 542 
 
 Cucumber Tree 542 
 
 Culver's Physic (Culver's Root) 543 
 
 Culver's Root 543 
 
 Cure- All (Dropsy Plant) 545 
 
 Curled Dock (Yellow Dock) ... 612 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 D 
 
 Damiana 543 
 
 Dandelion 543 
 
 Devil's Bit 544 
 
 Dill 544 
 
 Dita Bark 544 
 
 Dog's Fennel (Mayweed) 573 
 
 Dotted Monardo (Horse Mint). 560 
 
 Double Tansy 545 
 
 Dragon Root (Indian Turnip).. 562 
 Dragon's Claw (Cranberry High) 540 
 Drooping Starwort (Devil's Bit) 544 
 
 Dropsy Plant 545 
 
 Dutch Myrtle (Meadow Fern). 573 
 
 Dwarf Elder 545 
 
 Dyer's Broom 546 
 
 Dyer's Weed (Dyer's Broom).. 546 
 
 Elder 546 
 
 Elecampane 546 
 
 Emetic Herb (Lobelia) 569 
 
 Endive (Wild Succory) 609 
 
 Eucalyptus 547 
 
 Euphorbia 547 
 
 Evan Root (Avens) 515 
 
 Eve's Cup (Side Saddle Plant). 593 
 Eye Bright 548 
 
 Fairy's Glove (Foxglove) 550 
 
 False Aloe (Starwort) 598 
 
 False Bittersweet 548 
 
 False Dogwood (Striped Maple) 599 
 
 False Hellebore 548 
 
 False Starwort (Aloe) 510 
 
 False Sunflower (Sneezewort) . 595 
 
 Featherfew (Feverfew) 548 
 
 Fennel 548 
 
 Fetid Hellebore (Skunk Cab- 
 
 bage) 594 
 
 Fetid Nightshade (Henbane) ... 558 
 
 Fever Bush (Black Alder) 523 
 
 Feverfew 548 
 
 Fever Root (Crawley) 540 
 
 Fever Twig (False Bittersweet) 548 
 
 Fever Weed 549 
 
 Fever Wort (Boneset) 527 
 
 Field Water Cress (Cuckoo 
 
 Flower) 542 
 
 Figwort (Scrofula Plant) 592 
 
INDEX. 
 
 765 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Fire weed (Fleabane) 550 
 
 Fish Mouth (Snake Head) 595 
 
 Fit Root 549 
 
 Five Finger 549 
 
 Five Fingers (Ginseng) 553 
 
 Flag Lily (Blue Flag) 527 
 
 Flag Root (Sweet Flag) 601 
 
 Fleabane 550 
 
 Flower de Luce (Blue Flag)... 527 
 Flower Velure (Colt's Foot) ... 538 
 
 Flux Root (Gentian, Blue) 552 
 
 Foxglove, or Digitalis 550 
 
 Frostweed (Cocash) 538 
 
 Frostwort 550 
 
 Fumitory 551 
 
 Q 
 
 Gamboge 551 
 
 Garden Dill or Dilly (Dill).... 544 
 Garden Patience (Yellow Dock) 612 
 
 Garget (Poke Weed) 583 
 
 Garlic 551 
 
 Gay Feather (Button Snake 
 
 Root) 531 
 
 Gentian, Blue 552 
 
 Gentian, Yellow 552 
 
 Gill-go-over- the-Ground ( Ground 
 
 Ivy) 555 
 
 Ginger 552 
 
 Ginseng 553 
 
 Golden Rod 553 
 
 Golden Seal 553 
 
 Gold Thread 554 
 
 Goose Grass (Cleavers) 537 
 
 Gravel Plant 554 
 
 Gravel Root (Queen-of-the 
 
 Meadow) 587 
 
 Gravel Weed (Bush Honey- 
 suckle) 530 
 
 Greek Valerian (Abscess Root) 508 
 Green Osier (Swamp Sassafras) 600 
 Greenweed (Dyer's Broom).... 546 
 
 Grindelia Robusta 554 
 
 Grindelia Squarrosa 555 
 
 Ground Flower 555 
 
 Ground Holly (Prince's Pine) . . 585 
 
 Ground Ivy 555 
 
 Ground Lily (Bethroot) 520 
 
 Ground Maple (Alum Root) ... 510 
 
 Groundsel 556 
 
 Ground Squirrel Pea (Twin 
 
 Leaf) 603 
 
 Guaco 556 
 
 Guaiac 556 
 
 HERB REMEDIES-CWm W ^. 
 
 Guarana c eg 
 
 Gum Arabic \ ccy 
 
 Gum Plant (Comfrey) ...!.!.'*. \ 539 
 
 Gypsywort (Bugle Weed) V. 529 
 
 H 
 
 Hardhack (Nine Bark) 578 
 
 Healing Herb (Comfrey) 539 
 
 Hedge Mustard 557 
 
 Hellebore, Black 557 
 
 Hellebore, White 557 
 
 Hemlock Spruce (Hemlock Tree) 558 
 
 Hemlock Tree 558 
 
 Henbane 558 
 
 Hen and Chickens (Leek, or 
 
 House Leek) 566 
 
 Hoang-Nan 558 
 
 Hollyhock 558 
 
 Holy Thistle (Blessed Thistle) . 525 
 
 Honduras Bark 559 
 
 Hood wort (Skullcap) 593 
 
 Hops 559 
 
 Horehound 559 
 
 Horse Balm (Stone Root) 599 
 
 Horse Chestnut 560 
 
 Horse Fly Weed (Wild Indigo) 609 
 
 Horse Mint 560 
 
 Horse Radish 560 
 
 Hyoscyamus 560 
 
 Hyssop 560 
 
 Hysterionica 561 
 
 I 
 
 Iceland Moss 561 
 
 Ice Plant (Fit Root) 549 
 
 Indian Apple (Mandrake) .... 570 
 Indian Arrow Wood (Spindle 
 
 Bush) 597 
 
 Indian Balm (Bethroot) 520 
 
 Indian Physic 561 
 
 Indian Physic (Bitter Root)... 522 
 
 Indian Pipe (Fit Root) 549 
 
 Indian Sage (Boneset) 527 
 
 Indian Tobacco (Lobelia) 569 
 
 Indian Turnip 562 
 
 Indigo Weed (Wild Indigo) .... 609 
 Ink Root (Marsh Rosemary) . . . 572 
 Ironwood 562 
 
 Jacob's Ladder 563 
 
 Jamaica Dogwood 563 
 
 Jambul 563 
 
766 
 
 INDBX. 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 Jamestown Weed (Stramonium) 601 
 
 Jerusalem Oak 563 
 
 Jimson Weed (Stramonium)... 601 
 
 Johnswort 564 
 
 Juniper 564 
 
 K 
 
 Kamala 564 
 
 Kava Kava 565 
 
 King's Clover (Sweet Clover).. 600 
 
 Knob Root (Stone Root) 599 
 
 Knot Grass 565 
 
 Labrador Tea 565 
 
 Ladies' Slipper 566 
 
 Lady's Smock (Cuckoo Flower) 542 
 Lamb's Quarter (Beth Root)... 520 
 
 Laurel 566 
 
 Lavender 566 
 
 Lavose (Lovage) 569 
 
 Leek, or House Leek 566 
 
 Lemon 567 
 
 Lemon Balm (Dropsy Plant) . . . 545 
 Leopard's Bane (Mountain Ar- 
 nica) 575 
 
 Lettuce 567 
 
 Licorice 567 
 
 Life Root 568 
 
 Lime Tree (Basswood) 518 
 
 Linden Tree (Basswood) 518 
 
 Live-Forever (Leek, or House 
 
 Leek) 566 
 
 Liver Leaf (Liverwort) 568 
 
 Liver Lily (Blue Flag) 527 
 
 Liverwort 568 
 
 Lizard's Tail 569 
 
 Lobelia 569 
 
 Locust Plant (American Senna) 513 
 Loose Stripe (Purple Willow 
 
 Herb) 586 
 
 Lousewort (Fever Weed) 549 
 
 Lovage 569 
 
 Low Mallow 569 
 
 Lungwort 570 
 
 M 
 
 Mad weed (Skullcap) 593 
 
 Maiden Hair 570 
 
 Male Fern 570 
 
 Mandrake 570 
 
 Man-in-the-Ground (Bindweed) 521 
 Man Root (Bindweed) 521 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Mare's Tail (Fleabane) 550 
 
 Marigold 571 
 
 Marshmallow 571 
 
 Marsh Rosemary 572 
 
 Marsh Trefoil (Buckbean) 529 
 
 Matico 572 
 
 May Apple (Mandrake) 570 
 
 Mayweed 573 
 
 Meadow Cabbage (Skunk Cab- 
 bage) 594 
 
 Meadow Fern 573 
 
 Meadow Scabish (Cocash) 538 
 
 Melilot (Sweet Clover) 600 
 
 Mequot (Life Root) 568 
 
 Mezereon 573 
 
 Milfoil (Yarrow) 612 
 
 Milkweed 574 
 
 Milk Willow Herb (Purple Wil- 
 
 low Herb) 586 
 
 Milkwort (Seneca Snake Root) 592 
 
 Mistletoe 574 
 
 Mitrewort (Coolwort) 540 
 
 Moccasin Flower (Ladies' Slip- 
 per) 566 
 
 Mohawk Weed (Bellwort) 519 
 
 Monkshead (Dandelion) 543 
 
 Moonseed (Vine Maple) 605 
 
 Moose Wood (Striped Maple). . 599 
 Mortification Root (Marshmal- 
 low) 571 
 
 Mother-of-Thyme (Thyme) ... 602 
 
 Motherwort 574 
 
 Mountain Arnica 575 
 
 Mountain Ash 575 
 
 Mountain Balm (Oswego Tea). 579 
 Mountain Balm (Yerba Santa) . 613 
 Mountain Box (Uva Ursi) .... 604 
 Mountain Dittany (American 
 
 Dittany) 512 
 
 Mountain Flax (Seneca Snake 
 
 Root) 592 
 
 Mountain Sage 575 
 
 Mouth Root (Gold Thread) 554 
 
 Mullein 576 
 
 Mustard 576 
 
 N 
 
 Nanny Bush 576 
 
 Narrow-Leaf Dock (Yellow 
 
 Dock) 612 
 
 Natqua (Life Root) 568 
 
 Necklace Weed (White Cohosh) 606 
 Nerve Root (Ladies' Slipper).. 566 
 Nettle 577 
 
INDBX. 
 
 767 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 New Jersey Tea 577 
 
 Night-Blooming Cereus 578 
 
 Nine Bark 578 
 
 Ninsin 553 
 
 Noble Liverwort (Liverwort) . . 568 
 
 O 
 
 Oily Grain (Bene Benni, or 
 
 Benne) 5*9 
 
 Old Man (Southern Wood) .... 596 
 
 Olive 578 
 
 One-Berry (Partridge Berry).. 580 
 
 Onion 579 
 
 Orange Root (Golden Seal) .... 563 
 Orange Swallowwort (Pleurisy 
 
 Root) 582 
 
 Origanum (Horse Mint) 560 
 
 Oswego Tea 579 
 
 Papoose Root (Blue Cohosh).. 526 
 
 Paracoto, or Coto Bark 579 
 
 Parsley 579 
 
 Parsley Piert 580 
 
 Partridge Berry 580 
 
 Patience Dock (Bistort) 521 
 
 Peach Tree 580 
 
 Pennyroyal 580 
 
 Peppermint 581 
 
 Persimmon 581 
 
 Pettymorrel (Spikenard) 597 
 
 Philadelphia Fleabane 581 
 
 Pigeon Berry (Poke Weed) 583 
 
 Pigeon Weed (Spikenard) 597 
 
 Pimpernel 582 
 
 Pipe Plant (Fit Root) 549 
 
 Pipsisseway (Prince's Pine)... 585 
 Pitcher Plant (Side Saddle 
 
 Plant) 593 
 
 Plantain 582 
 
 Pleurisy Root, or White Root. . . 582 
 
 Poison Hemlock 583 
 
 Poison Tobacco (Henbane) 558 
 
 Poke Weed 583 
 
 Polypody 584 
 
 Pomegranate 584 
 
 Pool Root (White Snake Root) 608 
 
 Prickly Ash 585 
 
 Prideweed (Fleabane) 550 
 
 Prince's Pine 585 
 
 Puke Weed (Lobelia) 569 
 
 Pulsatilla 586 
 
 Pumpkin 586 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 
 Purple Boneset (Queen-of-the 
 
 Meadow) 587 
 
 Purple Willow Herb 586 
 
 Purslane 586 
 
 Pyramid Flower (American Co- 
 lumbo) 512 
 
 Quaking Aspen (Aspen) 514 
 
 Quassia 587 
 
 Queen of the Meadow 587 
 
 Queen's Delight (Stillingia) ... 598 
 
 Quiver Leaf (Aspen) 514 
 
 Rattleweed (Black Cohosh) 524 
 
 Red Balm (Oswego Tea) 579 
 
 Red Beech (Beech) 518 
 
 Red Berry (Ginseng) 553 
 
 Red Berry (Uva Ursi) 604 
 
 Red Cedar 587 
 
 Red Chickweed (Pimpernel) . . 582 
 
 Red Clover 588 
 
 Red Osier (Rose Willow) 588 
 
 Red Puccoon (Blood Root) 525 
 
 Red Raspberry 588 
 
 Red Rod (Rose Willow) 588 
 
 Red Root (Blood Root) 525 
 
 Red Root (New Jersey Tea).. 577 
 Red Rose Willow (Rose Wil- * 
 
 low) 588 
 
 Red -Stalked Aster (Cocash) ... 538 
 
 Resin 516 
 
 Rheumatism Weed (Prince's 
 
 Pine) 585 
 
 Richweed (Black Cohosh) 524 
 
 Richweed (Stone Root) 599 
 
 Rock Fern (Maiden Hair) 570 
 
 Rock Parsley (Parsley) 579 
 
 Rock Rose (Frost wort) 550 
 
 Roman Chamomile (Chamomile) 536 
 Rose Pink (American Dittany) . 512 
 
 Rose Willow 588 
 
 Round-Leaved Dogwood (Swamp 
 
 Sassafras) 600 
 
 Rue 589 
 
 Rum Cherry (Wild Cherry) .... 608 
 
 Saffron 589 
 
 Sage 589 
 
 Sage Bush (Mountain Sage) . . . 575 
 
768 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 Samson Snake Root (Gentian, 
 
 Blue) 552 
 
 Sanicle 590 
 
 Sarsaparilla 59° 
 
 Sassafras 590 
 
 Savine 59* 
 
 Scabious (Philadelphia Flea- 
 bane) 581 
 
 Scabish 591 
 
 Scammony 591 
 
 Scotch Broom 591 
 
 Scrofula Plant 592 
 
 Scurvy Grass 592 
 
 Sea Lavender (Marsh Rosemary) 572 
 Seaside Thrift (Marsh Rose- 
 mary) 572 
 
 Seaweed 592 
 
 Seeded Plum (Persimmon) 581 
 
 Seneca Snake Root 592 
 
 Sengreen (Leek, or House Leek) 566 
 
 Sheep Sorrel 593 
 
 Shield Fern . (Male Fern) 570 
 
 Side Saddle Plant 593 
 
 Silkweed (Milkweed) 574 
 
 Simpler's Joy (Vervain) 604 
 
 Skullcap 593 
 
 Skunk Cabbage 594 
 
 Slippery Elm 594 
 
 Small Spikenard (American Sar- 
 saparilla) 512 
 
 Smartweed 594 
 
 Smellage (Lovage) 569 
 
 Snake Head 595 
 
 Snake Lily (Blue Flag) 527 
 
 Snake Weed (Bistort) 521 
 
 Snap Dragon (Toad Flax) 602 
 
 Sneezeweed (Sneezewort) 595 
 
 Sneezewort 595 
 
 Snowball (Nine Bark) 578 
 
 Soapwort 595 
 
 Solomon's Seal 596 
 
 Sour Dock (Yellow Dock) 612 
 
 Sour Trefoil (Wood Sorrel)... 611 
 
 Southern Wood 596 
 
 Spanish Broom 596 
 
 Spanish Saffron (Saffron) 589 
 
 Spearmint 596 
 
 Spice Bush 597 
 
 Spice Bush (California Laurel). 531 
 
 Spicy Bush (Black Birch) 523 
 
 Spignet (Spikenard) 597 
 
 Spikenard 597 
 
 Spindle Bush 507 
 
 Split Rock (Alum Root) 510 
 
 Spoon wood (Laurel) 566 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continued. 
 Spotted Cardus (Blessed This- 
 
 „ tie) 525 
 
 Spotted Cranesbill (Crowfoot). 541 
 Spotted Thistle (Blessed Thistle) 525 
 Square Stock (Oswego Tea) .. . 579 
 Squaw Root (Blue Cohosh)... 526 
 Squaw Vine (Partridge Berry). 580 
 Staff Tree (False Bittersweet) . 548 
 
 Starwort 598 
 
 Steeple Bush (Hardhack) 557 
 
 Stickwort (Agrimony) 509 
 
 Stillingia 598 
 
 Stinking Weed (Wormseed) . . . 611 
 
 Stinkweed (Stramonium) 601 
 
 Stone Mint (American Dittany) 512 
 
 Stone Root 599 
 
 Stramonium 601 
 
 Strawberry 599 
 
 Striped Maple 599 
 
 Sumach 599 
 
 Swamp Cabbage (Skunk Cab- 
 bage) 594 
 
 Swamp Dogwood (Rose Wil- 
 low) 588 
 
 Swamp Lily (Lizard's Tail) 569 
 
 Swamp Sassafras 600 
 
 Sweating Plant (Boneset) 527 
 
 Sweat Root (Abscess Root) . . . 508 
 
 Sweet Birch (Black Birch) 523 
 
 Sweet Bush (Sweet Fern) 600 
 
 Sweet Clover 600 
 
 Sweet Elder (Elder) 546 
 
 Sweet Fern 600 
 
 Sweet Flag 601 
 
 Sweet Rush (Sweet Flag) 601 
 
 Sweet- Scented Golden Rod 
 
 (Golden Rod) 553 
 
 Sweet Water Lily (White Pond 
 Lily) , 207 
 
 Tall Veronica (Culver's Root) . . 543 
 
 Tea Berry (Wintergreen) 610 
 
 Thimbleberry (Blackberry) .... 523 
 
 Thimble Weed 601 
 
 Thin-Leaved Nightshade (Beth- 
 root) 520 
 
 Thorn Apple, or Stramonium... 601 
 
 Thoroughwort (Boneset) 527 
 
 Thousand Leaf (Yarrow) 612 
 
 Throat Root (Avens) 515 
 
 Thyme 602 
 
 Tilia Tree (Basswood) 518 
 
 Toad Flax 602 
 
INDEX. 
 
 769 
 
 HERB REMEDIES -Continued. 
 
 Toad Lily (White Pond Lily) . . 607 
 
 Tobacco 602 
 
 Toothache Tree (Prickly Ash). 585 
 
 Tormentil (Crowfoot) 541 
 
 Trailing Arbutus (Gravel Plant) 554 
 
 Traveller's Joy (Virgin Bower) 606 
 
 Tree of Heaven 603 
 
 Tree Primrose (Scabish) 591 
 
 True Saffron (Saffron) 589 
 
 Tulip Tree (White Poplar).... 607 
 
 Turkey Corn 603 
 
 Turpentine 516 
 
 Turtle Bloom (Snake Head)... 595 
 
 Twin Leaf 603 
 
 U 
 
 (Jncum (Life Root) 568 
 
 Unicorn Plant (Devil's Bit) . . . 544 
 
 Unicorn Root (Starwort) 598 
 
 Uva Ursi 604 
 
 Valerian 604 
 
 Vegetable Antimony (Boneset). 527 
 Vegetable Gold (Gold Thread). 554 
 
 Vervain ; . 604 
 
 Vine Maple 605 
 
 Virginia Snake Root 605 
 
 Virgin's Bower 606 
 
 W 
 
 Wake Robin (Indian Turnip).. 562 
 Water Bugle (Bugle Weed)... 529 
 Water Cabbage (White Pond 
 
 Lily) 607 
 
 Water Cup (Side Saddle Plant) 593 
 
 Water Dock 606 
 
 Water Horehound (Bugle 
 
 Weed) 529 
 
 Water Pepper (Smart weed) ... 594 
 Water Shamrock (Buckbean).. 529 
 
 Wax Berry (Bayberry) 518 
 
 Wax Myrtle (Bayberry) 518 
 
 Whistle Wood (Striped Maple) 599 
 White Beads (White Cohosh) . . 606 
 
 White Cohosh 606 
 
 White Horehound (Horehound) 559 
 
 White Leaf (Hard Hack) 557 
 
 White Oak . . 607 
 
 HERB REMEDIES— Continue d. 
 
 White Pond Lily 607 
 
 White Poplar 607 
 
 White Poplar (Aspen) 514 
 
 White Sanicle (White Snake 
 
 Root) 608 
 
 White Snake Root 608 
 
 White Walnut (Butternut) 530 
 
 Whitewood (White Poplar)... 607 
 Wild Basil (American Dittany) 512 
 Wild Chamomile (Mayweed).. 573 
 
 Wild Cherry 608 
 
 Wild Indigo 609 
 
 Wild Licorice (American Sarsa- 
 
 parilla) 512 
 
 Wild Potato (Bindweed) 521 
 
 Wild Rhubarb (Bindweed) 521 
 
 Wild Sarsaparilla (American 
 
 Sarsaparilla) 512 
 
 Wild Scammony (Bindweed)... 521 
 Wild Senna (American Senna) 513 
 Wild Snowball (New Jersey 
 
 Tea) 577 
 
 Wild Succory 609 
 
 Wild Succory (American Centau- 
 ry) 511 
 
 Wild Tobacco (Lobelia) 569 
 
 Wild Turnip (Indian Turnip) . . 562 
 
 Wild Yam 610 
 
 Winterberry (Black Alder) 523 
 
 Winter Clover (Partridge Berry) 580 
 
 Wintergreen 610 
 
 Witch Hazel 610 
 
 Woadwaxen (Dyer's Broom)... 546 
 
 Wood Sorrel 611 
 
 Woody Nightshade (Bittersweet) 522 
 
 Wormseed 611 
 
 Wormseed-Goosefoot (Worm- 
 seed) 611 
 
 Wormwood 61 1 
 
 Yam Root (Stillingia) 598 
 
 Yarrow 612 
 
 Yellow Broom (Wild Indigo) . . 609 
 
 Yellow Dock 612 
 
 Yellow Parilla (Vine Maple)... 605 
 
 Yellow Puccoon (Golden Seal) 553 
 
 Yellow Root (Twin Leaf) 603 
 
 Yellow Umbel (Ladies' Slipper) 566 
 
 Yerba Bnena 613 
 
 Yerba Santa 613 
 
 49 
 
770 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 INDEX TO MISCELLANEOUS HOUSEHOLD 
 
 RECEIPTS. 
 
 Acid Stains, to Remove 690 
 
 Ants, to Exterminate 702 
 
 Apple Tree Borer, to Extermin- 
 ate 705 
 
 Bed Bug Exterminators 700 
 
 Black Cloth, to Clean . . . . 685 
 
 Blankets, to Wash 694 
 
 Blood Stains, to Remove . . . . — 690 
 Broadcloth, to Remove Stains 
 
 from 692 
 
 Brass, to Clean 696 
 
 Cabbage Worms, to Exterminate 702 
 Canker Worms, to Exterminate. 705 
 Celery Pest, to Exterminate.... 702 
 Cleaning Receipts for Clothing, 
 
 etc 685 
 
 Cloth Cleaning Compound 685 
 
 Clothing, Cleaning Receipts for. 685 
 
 Cockroach Exterminator 700 
 
 Color, to Restore 692 
 
 Cucumber Beetles, to Extermi- 
 nate 702 
 
 Currant Worms, to Exterminate. 702 
 Cut Worms, to Exterminate. . . . 702 
 
 Diamonds, to Clean 690 
 
 Flannel Blankets, to Wash 694 
 
 Flannels, to Iron 694 
 
 Flannel Washing 693 
 
 Flatirons, to Remove Rust from 695 
 
 Fly Paper, to Make 701 
 
 Fruit Stains, to Remove 690 
 
 Fruit Stains, Old, to Remove... 690 
 Furniture Polishes, Stains, etc., 
 
 697, 698 
 Furs, to Clean 687 
 
 Garden and Orchard Insect Ene- 
 mies 701 
 
 Gilt Frames, to Clean 696, 697 
 
 Gloves, to Clean 687, 688 
 
 Grape Black-Rot, Remedy for. . 705 
 Grass Stains, to Remove 690 
 
 Grease, to Remove 692 
 
 Grubs, to Exterminate 705 
 
 Hats, to Clean 688, 689 
 
 Ink Stains, to Remove 691, 692 
 
 Insects on Plants, to Discover. . 701 
 
 Jackman's Washing Compound. 693 
 
 Lace, Black, to Revive 687 
 
 Lace, to Wash 686 
 
 Laundry Receipts 693 
 
 Linen, Discolored, to Restore... 691 
 
 Linen, to Stiffen 695 
 
 May Beetles, to Exterminate 703 
 
 Mildew, to Prevent 692 
 
 Mildew, to Remove 692 
 
 Milk and Coffee Stains, to Re- 
 move 691 
 
 Moth Exterminator ........... 699 
 
 Oil Cloth, to Clean 699 
 
 Onion Maggot, to Exterminate.. 703 
 Ostrich Feathers, to Clean 689 
 
 Paint Brushes, to Clean 699 
 
 Paint, to Clean 698 
 
 Paint, to Remove 699 
 
 Pear-Leaf Blight 705 
 
 Plant Lice, to Exterminate 703 
 
 Plush, to Renovate 687 
 
 Rats and Mice, to Exterminate. . 700 
 
 Rat Trap, Novel 700 
 
 Ribbons, to Clean 686 
 
 Rust and Ink Stains, to Remove. 691 
 
 Satins, to Clean 685 
 
 Scale Insects on Plants, to Ex- 
 terminate 703 
 
 Scorches, to Remove 695 
 
 Scouring Balls to Remove Grease 
 
 from Cloth 685 
 
INDEX. 
 
 771 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS HOUSE- 
 HOLD RECEIPTS— Continued. 
 
 Shoes, to Clean 690 
 
 Silks, to Clean 685, 686 
 
 Silver, to Clean 695 
 
 Slugs, Rosebush, to Exterminate 703 
 
 Sponges, to Clean 690 
 
 Spraying 704, 705 
 
 Squash Bugs, to Exterminate... 704 
 
 Stains for Furniture 698 
 
 Stains, to Remove 690 
 
 Starch, Gloss for 694, 695 
 
 Strawberry Slugs, to Extermi- 
 nate 704 
 
 Straw, to Bleach 689 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS HOUSE- 
 HOLD RECEIPTS— Continued. 
 
 Straw, to Clean 688 
 
 Straw, to Stiffen 689 
 
 Towels, to Wash 695 
 
 Velvet, to Raise the Pile of 687 
 
 Vermin Exterminators 699 
 
 Vinegar Stains, to Remove 690 
 
 White Cabbage Butterfly 704 
 
 Wine Stains, Sour, to Remove. . 690 
 
 Illustrations, 32 
 
 Portraits, 2 
 
 Total Number of Pages, 805 
 

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