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 ~^r>*&&§ 
 
 ROUTES 
 
 OF THE 
 
 MISSOURI RIVER 
 
 AND 
 
 flaMSLIiS. 
 
 WITH 
 
 DESCRIPTIONS OF TOWNS, GENERAL FEATURES 
 
 OF THE COUNTRY, STATISTICS, TABLES 
 
 OF DISTANCES, <fcc, &c. 
 
 {From "James'* Travelers' Companion'*' 1 and "James' Rail 
 road and Route Book.") 
 
 CINCINNATI: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY U. P. JAMES, 
 
 167 Walnnt Street. 
 
 1855. 
 
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 — V>*£^§ 
 
 I <vv^vvvv«v^<vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv>vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvy<vvvww»v 
 
 cQ. 1 
 
JAMES' 
 
 TRAVELERS COMPANION 
 
 BEING A COMPLETE 
 
 GUIDE THROUGH THE WEST AND SOUTH, 
 
 TO THE 
 
 GULF OF MEXICO AND THE PACIFIC, 
 
 VIA THE RAILROADS, LAKES, RIVERS, CANALS, ETC., 
 
 WITH HISTORICAL NOTES, STATISTICAL TABLES, AND A VAST AMOUNT 
 OF GENERAL INFORMATION, 
 
 WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED, A NEW AND COMPLETE 
 
 RAIL ROAD AND ROUTE BOOK. 
 
 CONTAINING THE PRINCIPAL RAILROAD, STEAMBOAT, AND STAGE ROUTES IN THJJ 
 
 WEST AND SOUTH, THE ROUTES TO OREGON, WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE 
 
 DISTANCES, ETC. 
 
 5TJ)c tofcole 3Scoua|)t Boton to t&e present 2Tfme. 
 
 CINCINNATI: 
 PUBLISHED BY U. P. JAMES, 
 
 No. 167 Walnut Street. 
 1853. 
 
- 
 
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1853. 
 
 By J. A. A U. P. JAMES, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the 
 
 District of Ohio. 
 
158 
 
 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 The Missouri River, rises in the Rocky Mountains, ana 
 takes its name after the union of three branches, the Jefferson, 
 Gallatin, and Madison. The springs which give rise to the 
 Missouri river, are not more than a mile distant from some of the 
 head waters of the Columbia river, which run, in a contrary 
 direction, into the Pacific ocean. 
 
 At the distance of four hundred and forty-one miles from the 
 extreme point of the navigation of the head branches of the 
 Missouri, are what are denominated the " Gates of the Rocky 
 Mountains," which present an exceedingly grand and picturesque 
 appearance. For the distance of about six miles, the rocks rise 
 perpendicularly from the margin of the river, to the hight of 
 twelve hundred feet. The river is compressed to the breadth of 
 one hundred and fifty yards, and for the first three miles, there is 
 only one spot, and that only of a few yards, on which a man 
 could stand between the water and the perpendicular ascent of the 
 mountain. At the distance of 110 miles below this, and 551 miles 
 from the source of the river, are the " Great Falls," 2,575 miles 
 from the egress of the river into the Mississippi. At this place 
 the river descends, by a succession of rapids and falls, a distance 
 of 357 feet in sixteen miles and a half. The lower and greater 
 fall has a perpendicular pitch of eighty-seven feet, the second 
 of nineteen, the third of forty-seven, and the fourth of twenty- 
 six feet. Between and below these falls are continual rapids of 
 from three to eighteen feet descent. These falls, next to those of 
 Niagara, are the grandest on the continent. Above the falls, the 
 course of the river is northwardly. 
 
 The Yellowstone river, eight hundred yards wide at its mouth, 
 and probably the largest tributary of the Missouri, enters it on the 
 south-west side, 1,216 miles from its navigable source, and 1,880 
 miles from the junction with the Mississippi. The Yellowstone, 
 at the place of junction, is as large as the Missouri. Steamboats 
 ascend to this point, and could go much farther by either branch. 
 
 The length of the Missouri river, from its source to its entrance 
 into the Mississippi, is 3,096 miles,which with the addition of 1,353 
 miles, the distance from the mouth to the Gulf of Mexico, makes 
 a total length of 4,449 miles, being the longest river in the world. 
 Through its whole course, there is no substantial obstruction to 
 the navigation, before arriving at the Great Falls. Its principal 
 tributaries are each navigable from one to eight hundred miles'. 
 The soil immediately on the banks of this river is very fertile. 
 
ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. ? 59 
 
 but extending but a short distance in the interior. Here the eye 
 rests on vast and boundless prairies, stretching out like a mighty 
 ocean. Through the greater part of its course, the Missouri is a 
 rapid and turbid stream, and in the upper part of its course, flows 
 through an arid and sterile country. It is over half a mile wide 
 at its mouth, and is generally nearly a mile in width. Notwith- 
 standing it drains such an extensive region of country, and 
 receives so many large tributaries, it is at certain seasons of the 
 year quite shallow, not affording sufficient water for steamboat 
 navigation, owing to its passage through a dry and open country, 
 and being subject to more than usual evaporation. 
 
 The Missouri river trade has become a very important one, and 
 the annual business between St. Louis and the towns on the 
 river, and with Santa Fe, through Independence, is increasing 
 with an amazing rapidity. 
 
 The Missouri river enters the Mississippi, eighteen miles above 
 St. Louis, by a mouth much wider than the upper Mississippi. It 
 is the opinion of many geographers, that the Missouri river is the 
 main river, and should be considered as one river from its head to 
 the Gulf of Mexico. The reasons in support of this opinion are, 
 that below the mouth of the Missouri the Mississippi has the 
 Bame turbulent appearance as the Missouri ; while the upper 
 Mississippi is remarkable for its clearness and transparency. 
 
 There are some peculiarities of the Missouri river, which it is 
 highly important for emigrants, who design settling on its banks, 
 to be made acquainted with. The river has no permanent and 
 settled channel, and it is on this account that steamboats are gen- 
 erally compelled to lay up in the night, it not being considered 
 safe to run unless with the light of day to guide them. Many 
 persons who have purchased farms on the banks of this river, not 
 understanding the nature of the current, have lost acre after acre 
 by the washing away of the soil, and in many instances have 
 been completely ruined. Not only have farms suffered in this 
 way, but whole towns have been laid waste, and swept off with 
 the resistless current of this mighty river, compelling the inhabit- 
 ants to seek other, and more permanent places of abode. 
 
 From the source of the Missouri and tributaries to Council Bluffs, the 
 lauds along the river are almost entirely void of human habitations. There 
 are some United States' military posts along the banks of the river, among 
 ■which are Fort McKenzie, Fort Union, Fort Mandan, Fort Clarke, Fort St 
 Vierre, and a few others. 
 
 Council Bluffs, on the west bank of the Missouri, in tho 
 Indian territory, is a high bluff bank, on which a celebrated 
 Indian council was held. It is a place of considerable notoriety, 
 
160 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 on account of its being about as far as steamboats ever ascend 
 the river. 
 
 Council Point, situated opposite, in Iowa, is sometimes 
 miscalled Council Bluff. It is the landing point for a Mormon 
 town named Kaxesville, situated about four miles in the interior. 
 
 Note. 
 
 Kanesville, Pottawatomie county, Iowa, was settled about four years 
 ago, by the Latter Day Saixts, or Mormons. It is not the intention of the 
 inhabitants to remain here ; but merely choose it as a resting place, on their 
 journey to the Great Salt Lake. Kanesville contains a tabernacle for reli- 
 gious worship, ten stores doing a large and profitable business, and a popula- 
 tion of about 2,000. The population, however, is very fluctuating, great 
 numbers leaving every spring for the valley of the Great Salt Lake, and as 
 many arriving during the fall and winter. The business of this place ia 
 immense, it being the last place ou the route to Oregon and California where 
 supplies can be obtained. Many of the emigrants get their entire outfit at 
 this place. Kanesville received its name in honor of Colonel Thomas L. Kane, 
 of Philadelphia, who was a distinguished officer in the Mormon battalion, in 
 the Mexican war. 
 
 Traders' Point, four miles below Council Point, in the 
 same county, is a small French settlement, established to facilitate 
 trade between the various Indian traders. It contains about 100 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Belle Vlie, twenty-one miles below Traders' Point, on the 
 west bank of the river, in the Indian territory, is an Indian mis- 
 sionary station. It is also the residence of the agent employed 
 by the United States to attend to the government business with 
 the tribes inhabiting this territory. It has a good landing for 
 boats, and may some time become an important place. 
 
 Platte River, rises in the Rocky mountains, by two 
 branches, termed the North and South Forks. After an easterly 
 course of nearly 2,000 miles, it empties into the Missouri fifteen 
 miles below Bellevue. It is about a mile wide at the mouth; but 
 is, as its name indicates, exceedingly shallow, and is not navi- 
 gable, except in times of the great spring freshets. 
 
 Iowa Point, one hundred and thirty-five miles below the 
 mouth of Platte river, Holt county, Missouri, is the landing point 
 for the town of Oregon, county seat of Holt county, situated ten 
 miles in the interior. Oregon contains a population of about 500. 
 
 Node way City, thirty miles below Iowa Point, in Andrew 
 county, Missouri, is a small village containing a few stores, and 
 
ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 1G1 
 
 about 200 inhabitants. It is the landing point for Savannah, a 
 town of 1,000 inhabitants, situated a few miles off the river. It 
 is the county seat of Andrew county. 
 
 St. Joseph, twenty-five miles below Nodeway City, in 
 Buchanan county, Missouri, is a thriving and important town. 
 It was settled only about seven years since, and named in honor 
 of Mr. Joseph Rubidoux, an old gentleman, who has resided at 
 this point for about forty years. He laid out the town himself, 
 and named all of the streets after his children, of which he had 
 an ample quantity to have supplied the streets of several towns 
 with names. St. Joseph is now growing with amazing rapidity, 
 and it is confidently predicted, that in a very few years, it will be 
 the second town in the state in point of wealth and commercial 
 importance. There has been a telegraph line established between 
 this town and St. Louis, and there is under contract a rail- 
 way to Hannibal, on the Mississippi, which will no doubt soon be 
 completed. St. Joseph now contains 7 churches, viz : 1 Bap- 
 tist, 1 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, 1 Campbellite, or Disciples, 1 
 Catholic, and 1 Latter Day Saints or Mormons. There are also 
 5 steam flour mills, 2 steam saw mills, and 1 saw mill running by 
 water power, a large number of stores, and a population of about 
 4,000. 
 
 There are many emigrants constantly passing through this place 
 to seek the long lost El Dorado of the world. The principal 
 routes to California and Oregon however, commence at Fort 
 Leavenworth, Independence, and the mouth of Kansas river. 
 
 Stages leave regularly for Liberty and other points. 
 
 "Weston, about fifty-five miles below St. Joseph, in Platte 
 county, Missouri, is a fine flourishing place, and is rapidly 
 improving. Many of the emigrants make this a stopping place, 
 for laying in supplies, previous to starting out on the plains. It 
 contains 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Catholic 
 church, a large number of stores and a population of 2,000. 
 
 Little Platte River Landing-, three miles below 
 
 Weston, is the landing point for Platte City, situated a short dis- 
 tance up the Little Platte river. It is the county seat of Platte 
 county, and contains about 300 inhabitants. 
 
 Fort JLeavenwortll, four miles below Platte River 
 Landing, is situated on a high bluff of the Missouri, in the Indian 
 territory. The situation is remarkably fine, the bluff being 
 about 150 feet in hight, and composed principally of white lime- 
 stone. There is an excellent landing for boats and many other 
 superior advantages, which warrant the belief that there will, 
 6ome day, be at this place a large and flourishing town. There 
 
162 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 is usually a small garrison stationed here, and it is the rendezvous 
 for all United States' troops destined for Santa Fe, Oregon, and 
 the frontier stations. One of the principal routes to California 
 commences at this place. 
 
 Little Platte River rises in Clarke county, Iowa, and 
 pursuing an almost direct southward course for a distance of 
 about two hundred miles, empties into the Missouri twenty miles 
 below Fort Leavenworth. This river is exceedingly shallow, and 
 difficult to navigate. 
 
 Parkville, situated one mile below the mouth of Platte 
 river, in Platte county, Missouri, is a fine flourishing little village. 
 It was named in honor of one of the early settlers of this region, 
 by the name of Park. It now contains 3 churches, about a dozen 
 stores, and a population of 2G0. 
 
 Kansas Bivci*. — This is one of the largest tributaries of 
 the Missouri. It rises in the Rocky Mountains, and runs east- 
 ward through the entire breadth of the Indian territory, and 
 empties iuto the Missouri, ten miles below Parkville. Its entire 
 length is about twelve hundred miles, for nine hundred of which 
 it might be navigated. It is three hundred and forty yards wide 
 at the mouth, and discharges an immense amount of water; many 
 of its tributaries being nearly as large as itself. 
 
 Kansas River Landing' is a landing point for Wyan- 
 dotte City, situated a short distance in the interior. It is also 
 one of the principal starting points for emigrants going to Oregon. 
 
 Kansas, situated near the mouth of Kansas river, in Jack- 
 son county, Missouri, is a pleasantly-located town, standing on 
 a high bank of the river, and commanding a view of the sur- 
 rounding country for many miles. It is thought by many to 
 possess the finest situation of any town on the river. The busi- 
 ness is very extensive, there being an almost constant stream of 
 travel to that country, whose barren rocks are sources of wealth 
 incalculable, and whose rivers flow through sands glittering with 
 gold. 
 
 Kansas contains 3 churches, a large number of stores, and 
 about 800 inhabitants. 
 
 Randolph, five miles below, in Clay county, Missouri, is 
 a handsome little village, finely situated on a commanding emi- 
 nence. It contains one or two churches, several stores, and a 
 population of 200. 
 
 'Wayne City, seven miles below Randolph, is the princi- 
 pal landing point for goods and merchandise destined for Inde- 
 pendence, and is connected with it by the Independence railroad. 
 
 The Independence Railroad Depot is about one mile from 
 Wayne City There is generally quite an air of business about 
 
ROUTE OF THE OHIO RIVER. 163 
 
 this place, from constant arrival of goods and emigrants on their 
 way to Independence. The road is four miles long, and horses 
 and mules are used to draw the cars. There is, however, in con- 
 templation, a new track, and a locomotive engine. 
 
 Independence, county-seat of Jackson county, Missouri, 
 situated about 4 miles back of Wayne City, is a place of great 
 importance, and growing with amazing rapidity. The country 
 around is exceedingly fertile, and well adapted to cultivation. 
 The business done here is immense. The town is well laid out, 
 with wide and convenient streets, and good, substantial brick 
 dwellings. It contains a court-house and county buildings, 3 ho- 
 tels, 7 churches, a large number of wholesale and retail stores, and 
 a population of 2,500. There is a large trade carried on between 
 this place and Santa Fe. The goods are transported across the 
 country in wagons, built very large and strong, and usually drawn 
 by oxen, from sixteen to twenty of which are attached to each 
 wagon. It is the western terminus of the Pacific Railroad from 
 St. Louis, now under contract, and opening a direct communica- 
 tion to the eastern cities, via the Ohio &, Mississippi Railway, 
 through Cincinnati, which will, no doubt, increase the commer- 
 cial prosperity of the place very much. 
 
 Independence derives its importance from being the point where 
 most of the emigrants going the overland route to California and 
 Oregon, get their last supplies, and, also, as being the point where 
 the principal routes to these places commence. This gives to 
 Independence an air of business possessed by no other town on 
 the frontier; and when the uninterrupted line of railway from 
 the East shall pour in its thousands of emigrants, bound for the 
 Pacific coast and intermediate points, the rapid improvements 
 now going on at this place will no doubt greatly increase, and in 
 a few years we may expect to see a large and flourishing city oc- 
 cupying the site of this town. Stages leave Independence three 
 times a week for Booneville, Jefferson City, and St. Louis; and 
 once a month for Santa Fe. 
 
 Liberty Landing, five miles below Wayne City, Clay 
 county, Missouri, is a landing point for the town of Liberty, four 
 miles from the river. 
 
 liiberty, county-seat of Clay county, Missouri, is a fine, flourishing town. 
 It contains a court-house and county offices, 5 churches, about 30 stores, and 
 a population of 1,500. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and Fort Leavenworth ; 
 and three times a week for St. Joseph. 
 
 Livingston, five miles below Liberty Landing, is a small 
 village, formerly a landing place for Independence. 
 
164 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 
 
 Owen's Landing, one mile below Livingston, was, in 
 former times, a landing place for Independence ; but, like its 
 neighbor Livingston, its occupation is gone., and it is left now 
 with nothing to do but mourn over its former greatness. There 
 are but few houses here, and these but sorry looking affairs. 
 
 Sit>3ey, fourteen miles below Owen's Landing, is a fine, 
 thriving village, situated in Jackson county, Missouri. It occu- 
 pies the former site of Fort Osage, a military station abandoned 
 some years ago. It contains 2 churches, about a dozen stores, 
 and 300 inhabitants. 
 
 Camden, twelve miles below Sibley, in Ray county, Mis- 
 souri, is a pleasant little town, containing about the same popu- 
 lation as Sibley. 
 
 Wellington, five miles below Camden, in Lafayette 
 county, is a small village, containing less than a dozen houses. 
 
 Lexington, county seat of Lafayette county, is situated 
 six miles below Wellington. It is a fine, thriving town, having 
 the highest location of any town on the river, being about 300 
 feet above high water mark. The first house built here was in 
 the year 1839; and it now contains a court-house, jail and county 
 offices, 7 churches, viz : 1 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
 Cumberland Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Campbellite Baptist, 
 or Disciples, a female seminary, a masonic college, a large num- 
 ber of stores, and a population of 3,000. Stages leave three 
 times a week for Jefferson city, St. Louis, and Independence. 
 
 "Walconda, twenty-five miles below Lexington, in Carroll 
 county, is a small, but rapidly growing town. It contains now 
 about 200 inhabitants ; but will no doubt double that before 
 another year. 
 
 Waverly, three miles below Walconda, in Saline county, 
 is a fine, flourishing village. It contains two or three churches, 
 several stores, and a population of 400. 
 
 Grand River, rises in Madison county, Iowa, and flows 
 in a southwest direction for a distance of two hundred and forty 
 miles, and empties into the Missouri eighteen miles below Wa- 
 verly, forming the boundary line between Carroll and Chariton 
 counties. It is navigated by boats about 100 miles. 
 
 BruilSwiek, two miles below the mouth of Grand river, 
 in Chariton county, is a fine, enterprising town. It is situated 
 on a beautiful level prairie, and contains several churches, Baptist, 
 Methodist, Presbyterian, &c, a large number of stores, and about 
 1,000 inhabitants. 
 
ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIVER. 165 
 
 Old Jefferson, twenty-eight miles below Brunswick, in 
 Saline county, is a small, dilapidated village, containing about 40 
 inhabitants. There was formerly a place by this name a short 
 distance down the river, opposite Glasgow; but the remorseless 
 river swept it off, and the inhabitants were compelled to seek for 
 other lodgings. 
 
 Chariton River, rises in Lucas county, Iowa, and after 
 a course of one hundred and fifty miles, in a southerly direction, 
 empties into the Missouri nearly opposite Old Jefferson. It is not 
 navigable for more than thirty or forty miles. 
 
 €r!asgOW, three miles below Old Jefferson, in Howard 
 county, is a place of some note, and is rapidly improving. It 
 contains 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 Campbellite church, 
 a female seminary, a large number of stores of various kinds, and 
 a population of 1,800. Stages leave daily for St. Louis, Fort 
 Leavenworth, and intermediate points; and three times a week 
 for Hannibal. 
 
 AlTOW Eocli, nine miles below Glasgow, in Saline county, 
 is a handsomely situated village, standing about one hundred and 
 fifty feet above the river. It derives its name from the fact that 
 the Indians used pieces of the rock found here, for the purpose 
 of making heads for their arrows. This place, though generally 
 healthy, suffered severely from cholera, in 1849. Its population 
 is about 300. 
 
 L«S1 Mine Kiver, rises in Lafayette and Johnson coun- 
 ties, Missouri, and empties into the Missouri, ten miles below 
 Arrow Rock. It is navigable for about thirty miles. The water 
 of this river is remarkably clear, and almost transparent. 
 
 BoonevillC, three miles below the mouth of La Mine river, 
 is the county seat of Cooper county. It is situated on a bluff, 
 elevated about one hundred feet above high water mark, and 
 received its name in honor of the celebrated Colonel Daniel 
 Boone. It contains a handsome court-house, 1 Presbyterian, 1 
 Baptist, and 1 Methodist church, 2 academies, 20 or 30 stores, and 
 a population of 1,200. Stages leave three times a week for 
 Columbia, Jefferson City, and Independence. 
 
 Note. 
 Franklin, opposite Booncville, is a small place, located about three 
 miles from the river bank. It formerly stood on the river ; but, like many 
 of its neighbors, was driven back by the merciless waters. Population, 200. 
 
 ftockport, fifteen miles below Booneville, in Boone county, 
 is a thriving town of about 500 inhabitants. 
 
166 ROUTE OF THE MISSOURI RIY r ER. 
 
 Providence, twelve miles below Rockport, in the same 
 county, was built after the flood in 1844, for the convenience of 
 Columbia, situated a few miles iu the interior. Providence con- 
 tains only about fifteen houses, and will never be likely to contain 
 many more, as there is no place for much of a town at this point. 
 
 Note. 
 Columbia, situated about ten miles from the banks of the Missouri, is 
 the county seat of Boone county, and contains a court-house, several churches, 
 and about 1.000 inhabitants. It is the seat of the Missouri University, 
 founded in 1840. The university has a president, three professors and sixty 
 students. Stages leave daily for St. Louis and other points. 
 
 Nashville, one mile below Providence, in the same county, 
 is a small village. The river is fast washing it away. It num- 
 bers now about 100 inhabitants. 
 
 Marion, situated in Cole county, fifteen miles below Nash- 
 ville, is a small town containing about 500 inhabitants. It was 
 formerly the county-seat, but that has been removed to Jefferson 
 City. 
 
 Hibernia, fifteen miles below Marion, in Callaway county, 
 is a pleasant little village, containing a population of about 100. 
 
 Jefferson City, county-seat of Cole county, and capital 
 of the State of Missouri, is situated on the south bank of the 
 Missouri river, five miles below Hibernia. It contains a state- 
 house, situated on a high and beautiful hill, called Capitol hill, 
 the governor's house, state penitentiary, a court-house of brick, 
 1 Baptist, 1 Methodist, 1 Presbyterian, 1 Episcopal, and 1 Cath- 
 olic church, 1 grist-mill, 1 rope manufactory, a large number of 
 stores of various kinds, and a population of 1,500. Stages leave 
 daily for St. Louis; three times a week for Independence, Lex- 
 ington, Booneville, &c. The Pacific Railway will pass through 
 this place, connecting Independence with St. Louis, and bringing 
 Jefferson City in direct connection with the eastern cities. 
 
 Osage River rises in the Indian territory, and after a me- 
 andering course of several hundred miles, empties into the Mis- 
 souri nine miles below Jefferson City. It is 397 yards wide at 
 the mouth, and is navigable for steamboats about 200 miles. The 
 land bordering on this river is exceedingly fertile, and yields 
 abundant crops of all the products of the West. 
 
 Portland, twenty-one miles below Jefferson City, in Cal- 
 laway county. The houses are mostly built of logs, in the real 
 backwoods fashion. Population about 300. 
 
ROUTE OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER. 167 
 
 Gasconade River, rises in Wright county, Missouri, 
 and taking its course in a northerly direction for a distance of 
 200 miles, empties into the Missouri ten miles below Portland. 
 It is not navigable to any extent, but affords a vast amount of 
 water power to the numerous mill seats along its banks. 
 
 Herman, county seat of Gasconade county, is situated five 
 miles below the mouth of Gasconade river. It is a beautifully 
 located town, and contains a court-house, several churches and a 
 population of 500. 
 
 Pilickliey, twenty-two miles below Herman, in Warren 
 county, is a small and unimportant village, containing about 100 
 inhabitants. 
 
 Oris WOld, opposite Pinckney, in Franklin county, is a small 
 village, of about the same dimensions as that place. 
 
 Washington, eight miles below Griswold, in the same 
 county, is a fine little village, containing 200 inhabitants. 
 
 St. CliarleS, forty-six miles below Washington, and twenty- 
 two from the mouth of the Missouri, is the county seat of St. 
 Charles county, and is one of the most important towns in the 
 state. It is handsomely situated, and has an excellent appearance 
 from the river. The country around, is remarkably fertile, and 
 is also very healthy. St. Charles College founded in \&39, is 
 located at this place. It has a president, 3 professors, and 120 
 students. St. Charles also contains a court-house, market house, 
 2 Presbyterian, 2 Methodist, 1 Lutheran, and 2 Catholic churches, 
 a nunnery, and a population of 3,000. The river here is over a 
 mile wide, across which a ferry plies every few minutes. Stages 
 leave daily for St. Louis, Jefferson City, and intermediate points; 
 and three times a week for Burlington, Iowa. 
 
 ROUTE OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER, 
 
 And Illinois and Michigan Canal. 
 
 The Illinois River, is the most important river within 
 the state. It is navigable as far as Peru, which is connected to 
 Lake Michigan by a canal. The navigation of this river has been 
 rendered permanent, within the last few years, and it has already 
 been the means of throwing a large amount of trade and travel into 
 the state, that otherwise would have taken different channels. 
 These improvements have cost the state near $10,000,000. 
 
 Several regular lines of steam packets now ply upon this river 
 
168 ROUTE OP THE ILLINOIS RIVER. 
 
 when the stage of water will admit of it, leaving St. Louis 
 every afternoon at 5 o'clock for Chicago, via Illinois &. Michigan 
 canal, at Peru. This being a very comfortable and pleasant 
 route, it is much traveled during the season. Another line of 
 packets leave St. Louis every Monday, Wednesday and Friday 
 at 5 P. M., for Naples, in connection with Springfield, via Mor- 
 gan & Sangamon Railroad, where passengers arrive next day at 
 5 P. M., getting dinner at the handsome town of Jacksonville. 
 
 ItlOllteziinia, situated on the west bank of the Illinois, 
 twenty-five miles from its mouth, in Pike county, is a small and 
 unimportant village containing twenty or thirty houses. 
 
 AllgUSta is a small village, situated five miles above Mon- 
 tezuma, and is about the same size. 
 
 Origgsville Landing, on the west side of the river, in 
 Pike county, five miles above Augusta, is merely a depot for 
 shipping and receiving goods destined for Griggsville, three miles 
 in the interior. 
 
 Griggsville is an enterprising little town, settled mostly by 
 " Yankees," and gives evidence of improvement. 
 
 Naples, ten miles above Augusta, in Scott county, on the 
 east bank of the river, is a pleasant and thriving town. It con- 
 ^ tains one or two churches, 3 steam mills, several stores, and a 
 population of 500. The Morgan & Sangamon Railway termin- 
 ates here. 
 
 Springfield, Sangamon county, capital of the State of Illinois, is 
 pleasantly located in the middle of a beautiful prairie. It is regularly laid 
 I out in squares with wide streets, lined with shade trees, and has many fine 
 private residences. The public buildings are a handsome state-house, city 
 hall, and a bank, also numbers of churches, schools, &c. A railroad from 
 Alton, and the Sangamon & Morgan road terminate here. It is quite a bus- 
 iness place, and improving daily. 
 [ 
 
 MeredOSia, eight miles above Naples, in Morgan county, 
 is pleasantly situated on the east bank of the Illinois, on a fine 
 elevation. It contains 2 steam mills, a number of stores, and a 
 population of 300. 
 
 BeardStOYVIl, sixteen miles above Meredosia, on the east 
 bank of the river, in Cass county, is a fine thriving village, con- 
 taining 2 churches, 20 stores, and about 400 inhabitants. 
 
 Havana, thirty-three miles above Beardstown, in Mason 
 county, was formerly the county-seat. It is finely situated on a 
 high sandy ridge, fifty feet above the highest floods of the river, 
 and contains a population of about 400. 
 
ROUTE OF THE ILLINOIS RIVER. 169 
 
 PeKill, thirty-one miles above Havana, in Tazewell county, 
 is a fine flourishing town, containing an academy, 1 Methodist, 
 
 1 Unitarian, and 1 Presbyterian church, 1 newspaper printing 
 office, 1 steam flour mill, 1 steam saw mill, more than 20 stores, 
 and several forwarding and commission houses, and a population 
 of 1,000. 
 
 Peoria, county seat of Peoria county, is handsomely 
 situated nine miles above Pekin, at the southern terminus of 
 Peoria Lake. The town lays on two tables of land, the first being 
 about twelve feet above the water's edge, and the second some half- 
 dozen feet higher, and extending back some distance to the bluffs, 
 in the rear of the town, which rise 100 feet above the general 
 level. It contains a court-house, jail, academy, 1 Unitarian, 1 
 Methodist, 1 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, and 2 Presbyterian churches, 
 
 2 newspaper printing offices, 2 steam saw mills, 5 schools, 30 
 stores, and a population of 2,000. Stages leave daily for Chicago, 
 Springfield, and St. Louis ; three times a week for Galena, and 
 Burlington, Iowa, Madison, Wisconsin, and Indianapolis, Indiana. 
 Steamboats arrive and depart daily. 
 
 Peoria L»»lte, is an expansion of the Illinois river, com- 
 mencing at the town of Peoria, and extending in a northerly 
 direction for a distance of twenty miles. It has very little current, 
 and the water is beautifully clear and transparent, so much so, 
 that the fish, of which there is a great abundance, can be distinctly 
 seen swimming about, and performing their various evolutions, 
 far beneath the surface. 
 
 CllilliCOtlie, is a small village, situated 15 miles above Peoria, 
 in the same county, at the head of Peoria Lake. Population, 100. 
 
 jLilfOil, county seat of Marshall county, is situated thirteen 
 miles above Chillicothe, on the east bank of the Illinois. It is a 
 small village of about 200 inhabitants. 
 
 Henry, is a small place, five miles above Lacon, containing 
 less than 100 inhabitants. 
 
 lieilliepill, county seat of Putnam county, is situated 
 twelve miles above Henry, in the Great Bend of the Illinois river. 
 The location is a beautiful one, being elevated by a gradual and 
 gentle ascent, to a bight of about twenty or thirty feet above 
 the river. This town was named in honor of Louis Hennepin, a 
 Franciscan friar, and one of the early explorers of the North-west. 
 It contains a court-house, jail, Methodist and Presbyterian 
 churches, 20 stores, and about 600 inhabitants. 
 
 Peru, La Salle county, fifteen miles above Hennepin, is a 
 small village, situated at the head of steamboat navigation on the 
 
170 ROUTE OF THE ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. 
 
 Illinois, and the commencement of the Illinois and Michigan 
 canal. It has a population of about 300. The branch line of 
 the Illinois Central Railroad, to Galena and Dubuque, passes 
 through this place. 
 
 The Illinois & Michigan Canal. — This important 
 work was commenced in the year 1836, and finished in the year 
 1848. Its length is one hundred miles, is sixty feet wide at top, 
 and thirty-six at bottom, and is six feet deep. There are 17 locks, 
 each 110 feet long, and 18 feet wide, being large enough for ves- 
 sels of 120 tons burden. The entire cost of this work was $6,- 
 600,000. 
 
 l<a Salle, two miles from Peru, in the same county, on tho 
 Illinois & Michigan canal, named in honor of the celebrated 
 Frenchman, M. De La Salle. It is a village heretofore of but 
 little importance, but will soon be the center of a number of 
 railroad lines from Chicago and Galena on the north, and Spring- 
 field, Alton, and Cairo on the south. 
 
 Utica* four miles from La Salle, in the same county, has 
 about the same population. 
 
 OttOWa, county seat of La Salle county, is situated nine 
 miles from Utica, on the Illinois and Michigan canal, and on both 
 sides of the Illinois river. It was laid out in the year 1830, and 
 now contains a court-house, several churches, 20 stores, and a 
 population of 600. Stages leave daily for Springfield and Chicago. 
 
 Marseilles, eigbt miles from Ottawa, in the same county, is 
 a thriving town, and on account of its facilities for manufacturing, 
 is a place of considerable importance. The Grand Rapids of the 
 Illinois at this place, affords an immense water power. There 
 are a number of mills of various kinds, and a population of 300. 
 
 Ciarkson, is a small village, twelve miles from Marseilles, 
 Grundy county. Population, 100. 
 
 MorriSS, county seat of Grundy county, situated four miles 
 from Ciarkson, is a small village of no particular importance, 
 with a population of about 200 
 
 Dresden, nine miles from Morriss, situated on the Illinois 
 and Michigan canal, and at the junction of Kankakee and Des 
 Plaines rivers, which form the Illinois proper, is a small village, 
 containing about 250 inhabitants. 
 
 Joliet, county seat of Will county, is situated fourteen miles 
 from Dresden. It is a small village, containing a court-house, a 
 1 few stores, and a population of about 300. 
 
ROUTE OF THE ILLINOIS AND MICHIGAN CANAL. 171 
 
 JLockport, six miles from Joliet, in the same county, is a 
 town of superior advantages for manufacturing purposes. The 
 canal here has two locks, and the Des Plaines river has a fall of 
 fifteen feet. These advantages will no doubt render the advance- 
 ment of this place rapid and steady. The town is small, and 
 contains only about 2U0 inhabitants. 
 
 Des Plailies, is a small village in Cook county, ten miles 
 from Lockport. Population, 600. 
 
 Summit, situated at the "Point of Oaks," in Cook county, 
 ten miles from Des Plaines, is a small place, containing twenty or 
 thirty houses. Population, 80. 
 
 Bridgeport, is a small village, eight miles from Summit, 
 in the same county. Population, 50. 
 
 C'liicng'O, the largest and most important commercial place 
 in Illinois, is situated at the north-eastern termination of the Illi- 
 nois and Michigan canal, on both sides of the Chicago river, and 
 on the borders of the southern shore of lake Michigan. It was 
 settled about the year 1830, and has increased with a rapidity 
 almost without a parallel in the history of our country. The 
 situation for trade is remarkably good, being at the point where 
 the great Mississippi valley is united to the chain of lakes on our 
 northern frontier, bringing the East, South and West into direct 
 communication with each other. The first vessel that left this 
 port, was a small schooner loaded with wheat, in 1839 ; now the 
 arrivals and departures of various kinds of vessels number about 
 4,000, making an aggregate of 50,000 tons of shipping. The 
 principal articles of export are wheat, flour, beef, pork, wool, 
 hides, and leather. The lumber business is carried on here proba- 
 bly to a greater extent than any other, and the amount brought 
 into market last year probably reached 70,000,000 feet, supplying 
 the St. Louis market via Illinois &. Michigan canal, &c. 
 
 Chicago is situated on a level plat of prairie land, rising suffi- 
 ciently high to escape the highest floods. It is handsomely laid 
 out, and has an artificial harbor, built at considerable cost, by the 
 construction of piers, which extend for some distance out into 
 the lake, aud prevent the sand from accumulating in sufficient 
 quantities to obstruct the entrance to the harbor. Chicago is the 
 county seat of Cook county, and contains, besides the usual county 
 buildings, a number of fine hotels, among which are the Tremont 
 House, Mansion House, Lake House, Sherman House, and others, 
 twelve or fifteen churches, many of them handsome structures, 
 works for supplying the city with water, a large number of 
 wholesale and retail stores of all kinds, and a population of 28,000. 
 Cars leave daily on the Chicago and Galena railroad ; steamers 
 
172 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 and sail vessels arrive and depart daily for Buffalo and all inter- 
 mediate points on the lakes: stages leave daily for St. Louis, Ga- 
 lena, Milwaukie, and Detroit. 
 
 Like her sister cities further south and east, Chicago is making 
 herself the center of a system of railway connections that will 
 eventually elevate her to the rank of one of the largest cities in 
 the Union. The great Illinois Central road, (branch track,) has 
 its northern terminus here; the Chicago &, Galena Union Rail- 
 way, (nearly completed,) has its western terminus here; the Ill- 
 inois &- Wisconsin road (in progress) has its southern terminus 
 here; the numerous Indiana roads, connecting with the Ohio 
 roads, enter here, via Michigan City & Chicago road; and each 
 of these main roads have numerous tributaries, all pouring their 
 vast amount of freight and passengers into this city, can not but 
 add immeasurably to her already great prosperity. 
 
 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 Lake Michigan. — This lake is the largest lake that lies 
 wholly in the United States. It is 340 miles long, and generally 
 about 60 miles broad. The waters are deep enough to float the 
 largest class vessels, and abound with almost every species of fresh 
 water fish. The line of coast is generally quite uniform and but 
 little indented with bays and inlets. The principal bays are Green 
 bay, and Great and Little Traverse bays, situated in the north. 
 There are a few islands in the northern part, but none in the 
 southern of any consequence. 
 
 Michigan City, is situated in La Porte county, Indiana, 
 and is the only harbor in the state. It was laid out in 1831, and 
 it was thought for a long time that it would become a large 
 commercial city. This would no doubt have been the case, had the 
 improvement of the harbor been completed, as was contemplated. 
 The expense of improving the harbor would be very trifling in 
 comparison to the advantage the city would derive from it. Ves- 
 sels are now compelled to load and unload by means of lighters, 
 and this can be done only in pleasant weather. As long as this 
 state of things lasts, we cannot expect much commercial pros- 
 perity. The advantageous position of this town, it is to be hoped, 
 will ere long direct the attention of the citizens to the fact, that 
 money spent in public improvements, will always enhance 
 individual interests. 
 
 Michigan City is on the line of railroads from Detroit, also the 
 terminus of the Indiana roads to Chicago. 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 173 
 
 Michigan City now contains a bank, printing office, 20 stores, 
 and a population of 1000. 
 
 New ISitsSal© is situated about opposite Chicago, on Lake 
 Michigan, in Berrian county, Michigan. It is a place of consid- 
 erable importance, and is rapidly growing. From its advantage- 
 ous position, it will doubtless become quite a large town. The 
 Michigan Central Railroad now continued on to Chicago, form- 
 erly terminated here. Steamboats arrive and depart daily for 
 Chicago, St. Joseph, ccc; cars leave daily for Detroit and inter- 
 mediate points. 
 
 St. Joseph, twenty miles north of New Buffalo, in the 
 same county, at the mouth of St. Joseph's river, is the most im- 
 portant town in the western part of Michigan. It is contem- 
 plated to bring the Michigan Central Railroad to this point. The 
 town has an excellent harbor, much improved, some years ago, 
 by an appropriation from the state. The trade is increasing 
 rapidly every year, and several steamboats are now owned here. 
 
 MiSwankie, county-seat of Milwaukie county, Wiscon- 
 sin is situated ninety-five miles north of Chicago, on Lake Michi- 
 gan. It was first settled in the ) 7 ear 1834, and has increased with 
 a rapidity truly astonishing. It lies on both sides of the Milwau- 
 kie river, a stream affording an abundant supply of water power 
 for all kinds of manufacturing purposes. The facilities for trade 
 are excellent, and the country around is exceedingly fertile. In 
 1834, Milwaukie contained two log huts; in 1840, it contained a 
 population of 1,800, and now will number 20,000. Steamboats 
 arrive and depart daily for Chicago, Buffalo, and intermediate 
 points. Stages leave daily for Chicago and Galena. The Mil- 
 waukie &. Mississippi railroad — some 200 miles in length, com- 
 pleted and in operation to Whitewater, 50 miles — and the Chicago 
 & Wisconsin railway to Fond da Lac, now constructing, will, 
 when fully completed, bring the products of the interior to Mil- 
 waukie for shipment, and greatly increase its business facilities. 
 
 Grasi<I MaveBl, county-seat of Ottawa county, Michigan, 
 is situated opposite Milwaukie, on the east side of Lake Michigan, 
 at the mouth of Grand river. It is a pleasant little town, with 
 an excellent harbor, though as yet but little trade. 
 
 Wo§laIfil|?fOB», county-seat of Washington county, Wis- 
 consin, is situated twenty-five miles north of Milwaukie. 
 
 ShesboyE^aBS, county-seat of Sheboygan county, Wiscon- 
 sin, is a small village, twenty-four miles north of Washington. 
 
 ITIatliJOtlwaC, county-seat of Manitouwac county, Wis- 
 consin, is a small village twenty-six miles north of Sheboygan. 
 
 The Straits of Mackinaw, connect Lake Michigan 
 with Lake Huron. The straits are not more than three miles 
 
174 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 wide at the narrowest place, but they are sufficiently deep to float 
 any ordinary craft. 
 
 Mackinaw, situated on an island of the same name, in the 
 straits of Mackinaw, is a fine little village, celebrated for the 
 excellent quality of fish caught in the vicinity. It is the county 
 seat of Michilimackinaw county, Michigan, and contains about 
 100 inhabitants, mostly fishermen. The name is of Indian origin, 
 and was given to the island from its supposed resemblance to the 
 back of a turtle. 
 
 Lake Superior. — This lake, the largest body of fresh 
 water in the world, is 400 miles long, and averages about 130 
 wide, and covering an area of 32,000, square miles, being only 
 3,800 square miles less than the whole of Indiana. Its absolute 
 elevation is 672 feet, and its bed is 300 feet below the surface of 
 the Atlantic, making a mean depth of about 900 feet. It is 
 surrounded by a rock bound coast, and contains a number of 
 islands, many of them being of considerable magnitude. The 
 waters are clear and transparent, and abound with fish of various 
 kinds, among which the trout and white fish are the most impor- 
 tant ; these weigh from 12 to 50 pounds. The navigation of this 
 lake has not yet been carried on to any extent, in consequence 
 of the rapids at St. Mary's straits, or river rather, which connects 
 Lake Superior and Lake Huron. There is, however, a canal in 
 contemplation around the falls, which will obviate tbe difficulties 
 of navigation. There are no important towns on this lake ; but 
 the navigation being once opened, we may look for vast improve- 
 ments. Portions of the southern coast of Lake Superior abound 
 in extensive beds of copper. These mines are very rich, and will 
 prove a source of inexhaustible wealth to those that work them. 
 There are many fine harbors on the coast, and the soil and timber 
 is generally of an excellent quality. This lake receives the waters 
 of more than thirty rivers. In this vicinity, there are numerous 
 beautiful and glassy lakes, which abound in multitudes of excel- 
 lent fish. 
 
 Saint Mary's Strait, forms the outlet of Lake Superior, 
 and connects it with Lake Huron. It is 10 miles long, and con- 
 tains four large islands, and a number of small ones. The largest 
 of these are St. Joseph, Sugar, Sailor's Encampment, and Lime 
 Kiln islands. The navigation of this strait is exceedingly difficult 
 and dangerous ; the channel is about three-fourths of a mile 
 wide, and the current one and a half miles an hour. The rapids 
 ure nearly a mile in length, and have a fall of 23 feet. The entire 
 fall of the river from Lake Superior to Laka Huron, is 44 feet 
 8 inches. 
 
ROUTE OF THE GBEAT LAKES. 175 
 
 Sault de St. ]JIarie, county seat of Chippeway county, 
 Michigan, is situated on the site of an old French fort, at the foot 
 of the rapids in St. Mary's strait. Vessels come to the foot of 
 the rapids and discharge their cargo, and then it is transported by 
 means of wagons above the falls, and re-shipped^ The winters at 
 this place are excessively cold, and the thermometer often falls to 
 25 or 30° below zero. The town contains a court-house, jail, 
 several churches, Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, &c, 2 mis- 
 sionary schools for Indian children, several stores, a trading house 
 of the American Fur Company, and a population of about 1,000. 
 The population however, is very fluctuating, sometimes being 
 considerably more than 1,000, and sometimes less. Stages leave 
 during the summer, once a week for Detroit ; and in the winter, 
 -*nce a month. 
 
 Lake Huron. — This lake is 290 miles long, and from 90 
 to ISO miles broad. Its altitude is 30 feet lower than that of Lake 
 Superior, and the mean depth is about 800 feet. It receives the 
 waters of Lake Michigan and Lake Superior, through the straits 
 of Mackinaw and St. Marys, and discharges its waters into Lake 
 Erie, through an outlet called the St. Clair river, which, after a 
 course of 40 miles, expands into a lake of the same name, 24 miles 
 in length, and 30 in breadth, and again contracts, and enters Lake 
 Erie, under the name of the Detroit river. This lake has many 
 fine harbors, and some large bays ; Georgian bay in the north, 
 Saginaw bay in the south-west, and Thunder bay on the west 
 coast, are the principal. There are some large islands also ; Great 
 Manitoulin, the largest, being 80 miles long. Thunder bay is said 
 to be the focus of some peculiar electrical phenomenon, which 
 produces constant concussions, similar in sound to thunder. The 
 waters of this lake, like all the others, are clear and transparent, 
 abounding in fish. There are but few towns on the coast, and 
 they are mostly of little commercial importance, being mere 
 trading posts. The principal rivers which empty into the lake, 
 are the Saginaw and Sable. 
 
 St. Clair River, connects Lake Huron with Lake St 
 Clair, and discharges the waters of the three great upper lakes, 
 Superior, Michigan, and Huron. It flows in a southerly direction 
 for the distance of 40 miles, and enters Lake St. Clair by six 
 channels, only one of which is navigated by vessels ascending or 
 descending the river. Its principal tributaries are the Black, 
 Pine and Belle rivers. The scenery along the banks is very fine, 
 and flourishing little villages are springing up on all sides. 
 
 St. Clair, county seat of St. Clair county, Michigan, is 
 situated at the south side of the mouth of Pine river, about 18 
 12 
 
176 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 miles from the head of St. Clair river. It occupies the site of fort 
 St. Clair, named in honor of General Arthur St. Clair, a man 
 whom the stern hand of fate seemed to mark, as one that should 
 never know prosperity. The town contains a court-house, jail, 
 two or three churches, 2 mills, 4 schools, a number of stores, and 
 a population of 600. 
 
 Lake St. Clair, is merely an expansion of St. Clair river. 
 It is 24 miles long, 30 wide, and about 20 feet deep. Its banks 
 are alluvial, and are elevated about twenty feet above the surface 
 of the water. The Clinton river empties into it from Michigan 
 on the west, and the Thames, and some smaller ones from Canada 
 on the east. 
 
 Detroit River, which unites Lake St. Clair with Lake 
 Erie, is twenty-eight miles long, and from three-fourths to one 
 and a half miles wide. It is deep enough to float the largest 
 vessels, but the navigation is somewhat intricate, owing to the 
 number of small islands in the western channel. The eastern 
 channel, however, is but little obstructed, and is consequently 
 much easier navigated. The largest islands are Grasse and Fight- 
 ing islands, lying near the mouth of the river. The banks of this 
 river present a striking similarity to what is termed the Coast on 
 the lower Mississippi. The country back of the river being low 
 and swampy, the farms extend back but a short distance, and the 
 banks appear to be a continuous line of villages for many miles 
 on both sides of the river. 
 
 Detroit, seat of justice for Wayne county, Michigan, and 
 the largest city in the state, is situated on Detroit river, eight 
 miles below the outlet of Lake St. Clair, and twenty above its 
 confluence with Lake Erie. The first settlement made here, was 
 by a party of French from Canada, about the year 1683. It 
 however did not become a place of much importance, until about 
 the year 1810, when it began to show unmistakable signs of 
 progress. Its population in 1810, was 770 ; in 1820, 1,422; in 
 1830, 2,222; in 1840, 9,102; in 1850,20,000. The city has a 
 beautiful and healthy situation, on a plain elevated about 30 feet 
 above high water mark. It is handsomely laid out, extending one 
 and a half miles along the river, and about a mile back. There 
 are several fine public squares, which add to the looks of the city 
 very much; one of these, called Campus Martius, is of considera- 
 ble extent and very tastefully laid out. This city was formerly 
 the capital of the state, and the State-house, now used for a court- 
 house, is a fine brick building of the Ionic order of architecture, 
 90 by 60 feet, with 6 columns in front, and pilasters on the sides 
 The City Hall is a fine brick building, 100 feet long by 50 feet 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 177 
 
 broad. The lower story is occupied as a market-house, and in the 
 upper story there is a spacious hall, where the city business is 
 transacted. There are several fine hotels in this city, among 
 which the. Mansion House, National, Michigan Exchange, Rail- 
 road, Commercial, Steamboat, and Temperance, rank as principal. 
 The city also contains 13 churches, viz : 3 Methodist, 2 Presby- 
 terian, 2 Baptist, 1 Episcopal, 1 German Lutheran, 2 African, and 
 2 Catholic, 4 banks, 4 markets, a theater, museum, government 
 magazine, penitentiary, mechanics' hall, 15 public, and a number 
 of private schools, the Ladies' Free-school Society, and various 
 other benevolent and charitable institutions and societies. 
 
 The commerce of Detroit is very extensive, and is rapidly 
 increasing. The Michigan Central railroad, extending from this 
 place to New Buffalo and Chicago, will add greatly to the facili- 
 ties for trade, already possessed so largely by this city. There are 
 20 commission and forwarding houses, 180 wholesale and retail 
 stores of various kinds, 6 lumber yards, several founderies, tan- 
 neries, and potteries, and about half a dozen newspaper printing 
 offices. Steamboats arrive and depart daily for Buffalo, Chicago, 
 and intermediate points. Cars leave daily for all the principal 
 points on the Michigan Central railroad ; stages leave daily for 
 Toledo, Ohio ; and three times a week for Port Huron, Howell, 
 Lyons and Grand Rapids. 
 
 Note. 
 
 We cannot refrain from noticing in this connection, one of the most disas- 
 trous events that took place during the war of 1812. — We refer to the surren- 
 der of General Hull. On the 5th of July, 1812, General Hull arrived at 
 Detroit, with a force of two thousand five hundred men, to open the campaign 
 on the frontier of Upper Canada. Having arrived at Detroit, he proceeded 
 to cross the river, and take possession of the town of Sandwich. He then 
 issued his proclamation, inviting the colonists to join him, or remain neutral . 
 Hull's force became much weakened by sickness and other causes, and hearing 
 that a detachment of the enemy under General Brock, were marching against 
 him, he thought it prudent to retreat to Detroit. The Americans were now 
 reduced to eight hundred effective men. General Brock, whose command 
 numbered about fourteen hundred, consisting of regulars, militia, and 
 Indians, crossed the river, and prepared for an immediate attack; but Hull, 
 instead of bravely defending the town as he might have done, basely signed 
 a capitulation, by which the whole American force were surrendered prisoners 
 of war. Loud complaints were made by the American public, against the 
 conduct of Hull, who was afterwards tried and condemned to be shot ; but 
 was subsequently pardoned on account of his age and former services. Hull 
 had on previous occasions shown himself to be a good soldier, but his course 
 ia this Affair must ever remain among the Inscrutable* of humaa conduct. 
 
178 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 Lake El'ic. — Lake Erie, the fourth in order of the great 
 chain of lakes, is situated north of New York, Pennsylvania, and 
 Ohio, and forms a part of the boundary line between the United 
 States and Canada. It is 250 miles long, and generally about 50 
 wide. 
 
 Its altitude is thirty-two feet lower than Lake Huron, and its 
 greatest depth 270 feet. Near the shore, however, it is quite 
 shallow, and is often frozen in the excessively cold winters, which 
 are common to this region. According to several distinguished 
 American engineers, Lake Erie rose several feet between the 
 years 1825 and 1838; and this increase of magnitude, seems to be 
 general in the American lakes, while those of the eastern hemi- 
 sphere appear to be decreasing. Lake Erie has a number of good 
 harbors, and some islands; though not generally very large. The 
 largest island lies among a group of smaller ones, in the south-west 
 corner, and is called Cunningham's island. There is more busi- 
 ness done on this lake, than either of the others, and on the shores 
 are numerous towns and villages, besides several cities of great 
 commercial importance. 
 
 One of the most brilliant naval achievements of the last war, 
 took place on Lake Erie. The American Heel, consisting of nine 
 small vessels, carrying in all fifty-four guns, had been built and 
 equipped entirely through the exertions of Commodore Perry, 
 during the summer of 1813. The British fleet consisted of six 
 vessels, carrying sixty-three guns, giving the Americans the 
 advantage in the number of vessels, and the British the advantage 
 in the size and number of guns. The British fleet was command- 
 ed by Admiral Barclay, a veteran officer who had served under 
 Nelson at Trafalgar, while Perry, the commander of the American 
 fleet, had never seen a naval engagement in his life. The battle 
 took place on the 10th of September, 1813, and resulted in the 
 total triumph of the Americans. In the heat of the battle, the. flag 
 ship becoming disabled, Commodore Perry left her in charge of 
 his lieutenant, and proceeded to go on board one of the other 
 vessels of his little fleet. This he accomplished in an open boat, 
 passing the whole line of the enemy, and exposed to the fire of 
 their musketry. During the whole time of passing from one 
 vessel to the other, he stood up in the stern of the boat, and held 
 aloft the flag of his country, on which were inscribed the dying 
 words of the immortal Lawrence, " Don't give up the ship." 
 What a magnificent spectacle, and what a feeling of honest pride 
 must glow in the breast of the American, when he feels that this 
 was one of the noble defenders of his country; and at the same 
 time, while contemplating this scene, what feeling of contempt is 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 179 
 
 engendered toward those who would sever the bonds of our glo- 
 rious confederacy. 
 
 The loss of the Americans in this engagement, was one hun- 
 dred and twenty-three, in killed and wounded. Among the 
 wounded on the British side was Admiral Barclay. Their entire 
 loss could not be ascertained. 
 
 JtlOIiroe, county-seat of Monroe county, Michigan, is situ- 
 ated near the mouth of the river Raisin, and contains a splendid 
 court-house, 1 Baptist, 2 Methodist, ] Episcopal, 2 Presbyterian, 
 and 2 Catholic churches, several mills, factories, and founderies, 
 2 printing offices issuing papers, about 30 stores, and a popula- 
 tion of 2000. There is also a branch of the University of Mich- 
 igan, 2 academies, a reading-room, and a library of 1,500 volumes. 
 There is a ship canal, two and a half miles long, from this place 
 to the lake, by which steamboats and other vessels are enabled to 
 come to the city. Steamers arrive and depart daily for all points 
 on the lake. Stages leave daily for Detroit, and Toledo, Ohio. 
 The Michigan Southern Railroad has its eastern terminus here; 
 the chain of Lake-shore roads from Buffalo, via Cleveland, To- 
 ledo, &c, will eventually terminate here also, thus forming a line 
 of uninterrupted communication all the year through. 
 
 Toledo is situated on the Maumec river, near its entrance into Lake 
 Erie, in Lucas county, Ohio. It is a thriving business place, being the north- 
 ern outlet of a portion of Ohio and Indiana, by means of the "Wabash and 
 Erie canal, which terminates here. The harbor of Toledo is excellent, and 
 is accessible to large class steamers, and small sail vessels. The city extends 
 along the river for the distance of a mile, and is divided in two parts, termed 
 Upper and Lower Toledo. It occupies the site of a stockade fort called In- 
 dustry, built in 1800. It was incorporated as a city in 1836, and now con- 
 tains six or eight churches, about 70 stores of various kiuds, 2 banks, several 
 manufacturing establishments, and a population of 4000. There is a railroad 
 extending from this place to Chicago, and connecting at Adrian with the one 
 from Monroe. A road connecting Toledo with Sandusky City is nearly com- 
 pleted, thus bringing it in direct connection with Cincinnati. The Toledo, 
 Norwalk & Cleveland Railway has its western terminus here. The Dayton 
 & Michigan road will also pass through here. Regular lines of steam pack- 
 ets leave daily for Buffalo, Detroit, and other points. Canal boats arrive and 
 depart daily for Lafayette, Indiana, Cincinnati, Ohio, and all intermediate 
 points. Stages leave for Detroit daily. 
 
 Port CSintOll, county-seat of Ottawa county, Ohio, Is 
 situated on a beautiful little bay putting in from Lake Erie, and 
 contains a population of about 400. ft has a good harbor, and 
 
180 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 will no doubt in the course of time, become a place of commer- 
 cial importance. It was nearly opposite this place, a few miles 
 out on the lake, that Perry's victory was gained. 
 
 Lower Sandusky, or Fremont, county-seat of Sandusky coun- 
 ty, Ohio, is situated on the Sandusky river, at the head of navigation. It is 
 a thriving business place, and contains a court-house, 6 churches, 2 newspa- 
 per offices, 30 stores, 1 woolen factory, 1 foundry, and a population of 2,500. 
 It is on the line of the Lake-shore roads. The Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland 
 railroad passing through this place, will add much to its businees facilities. 
 Lower Sandusky occupies the site of Fort Stephenson, erected during the 
 last war with Great Britain. This fort, under Major Croghan, whose garrison 
 amounted to only two hundred men, with only one six-pounder, was attacked 
 on the 1st of August, 1813, by General Proctor, with a force of 500 regular 
 troops, 800 Indians, and several pieces of artillery. Major Croghau's orders 
 were, to burn the stores and abandon the fort, should the enemy approach 
 in force, with cannon. Major Croghan had no idea of obeying these instruc- 
 tions, and accordingly on the approach of the foe prepared himself for a stern 
 resistance. The summons to surrender by the British commander was disre- 
 garded, and the attack was commenced by a heavy fire from their artillery ; 
 which however had but little effect on the walls, so well had Major Croghan 
 prepared for his defense. The firing continued for several hours, when the 
 enemy thinking they had effected a breach, attempted to take the fort by 
 storm. This attempt was so gallantly met by the garrison, that the enemy 
 were repulsed with immense slaughter; which so discomfited General Proctor, 
 that he immediately ordered a retreat, leaving the victory in the hands of a 
 beardless youth, only twenty-one years of age. This circumstance to a veteran 
 General, commanding a force more than six times as large as his opponent, 
 must have been humiliating in the extreme. The gallant Croghan, although 
 he disobeyed orders, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 was presented with an elegant sword by the ladies of Chillicothe. 
 
 Sandusky City, county seat of Erie county, Ohio, is 
 situated on Sandusky Bay, near its outlet into Lake Erie. It is 
 finely located, commanding an extensive and beautiful view of the 
 lake. It was laid out in the year 1817, under the name of Port- 
 land, which name was subsequently changed for the one it nou- 
 bears. The business of this city is very extensive, and is rapidly 
 increasing. Besides the immense amount of lake commerce 
 which her advantageous position and excellent harbor afford, 
 there are two lines of railroads, connecting with Cincinnati, and 
 many of the most important places in Ohio. Sandusky suffered 
 severely during the summer of 1849, from the terrific disease of 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 181 
 
 cholera. Hundreds of her citizens were consigned to the silent 
 tomb in the space of a few weeks. 
 
 Sandusky is built on an inexhaustible stratum of the finest 
 limestone, which is not only used for building purposes in the 
 city, but is extensively exported. The city now contains a 
 court-house, 2 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Congregational, 1 German 
 Lutheran, and 1 Catholic church, 1 high school, several mills and 
 factories, a large number of stores, 2 banks, 2 printing offices, and 
 a population of about 4,000. In the vicinity of this city, there are 
 many remains of ancient mounds and fortifications. Regular 
 lines of lake steamers run to Buffalo and other points on the lake. 
 Cars leave daily for Cincinnati on the Mad River railroad, and 
 for Mansfield, Newark, and Zanesville, via Newark & Sandusky 
 City road; also for Columbus by sauie road as far as Shelby junc- 
 tion with the Cincinnati, Columbus &, Cleveland road. Stages 
 leave daily for Cleveland and Toledo; and three times a week for 
 Wooster. 
 
 Cleveland, county seat of Cuyahoga county, Ohio, is situ- 
 ated on Lake Erie, at the northern termination of the Ohio canal, 
 and at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river. The location of the 
 city is most beautiful, being on an elevated plain rising to the 
 hight of one hundred feet above the level of the lake. The first 
 permanent settlement made at this place, was in the year 1796, 
 and in the fall of the same year, the city was laid out by the 
 Western Reserve surveying party. The settlement was named 
 in honor of General Moses Cleveland, agent for the Connecticut 
 Reserve Company. During the early settlement of the place, the 
 people suffered severely from sickness ; and the difficulty of 
 getting supplies through the wilderness, rendered their situation 
 unpleasant in the extreme. The bilious fever, and fever and 
 ague, were the diseases with which nearly every one of the set- 
 tlers was afflicted; and he who was fortunate enough to have 
 only one at a time, was deemed a remarkably lucky individual. 
 This state of affairs lasted several years, until the settlement 
 began to grow, and through the agency of civilization improve the 
 face of the country, from which the miasmatic influence arose. 
 
 The appearance of Cleveland as viewed from the lake, is not so 
 preposessing as one would naturally expect to find it, from the 
 accounts generally given of the beauty of the city. On arriving 
 in the upper part of the city, however, the traveler finds his 
 anticipations fully realized. The streets, few of which are less 
 than 100 feet wide, and some even more than that, cross each 
 other at right angles, and are generally handsomely ornamented 
 with shade trees, whence it has received the name of the Forest 
 City. Superior (the main) street, running east and west, paral- 
 
182 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 lei with the lake shore, is laid with plank instead of being paved 
 with stone, as is usually the case in large towns, and is the prin- 
 cipal business street of the city. In the center of the city there 
 is a fine public square of ten acres, divided into four parts by in- 
 tersecting streets. The court-house, county offices, and several 
 handsome churches front on this square. 
 
 The business of Cleveland is very extensive, and it ranks as 
 the second commercial city in Ohio. Its natural advantages for 
 commerce are not surpassed by any other place in the West. 
 Besides having the best harbor on Lake Erie, it is connected with 
 the Ohio river by means of the Ohio canal, and with the interior 
 of Pennsylvania by the Erie canal, and with the interior of Ohio, 
 by the Cleveland & Columbus, and Cleveland & Wellsville rail- 
 roads; also, with Chicago, and other western cities, by the Toledo, 
 Norwalk & Cleveland road, and with Dunkirk and Buffalo, New 
 York, by the Cleveland &, Erie road, thus making it a principal 
 point upon the great northern route from the East to the West. 
 The value of exports and imports is estimated at about $15,000,- 
 000, and the number of vessels of all kinds owned here is more 
 than 100. 
 
 The public buildings are generally handsome structures, and 
 some display a considerable degree of architectural beauty: among 
 these are the Merchants' Exchange, the Cleveland Medical Col- 
 lege, the hotels, Masonic and Odd-fellows halls, both of which 
 orders are very flourishing here, churches, &c. The churches 
 are 26 in number, viz.: 3 Episcopal, 3 Methodist, 2 Baptist, 3 
 Presbyterian, 1 Bethel, 1 Wesleyan Methodist, 1 German Evan- 
 gelical Protestant, 1 Associate Reformed, 1 German Mission So- 
 ciety of the Protestant Episcopal Church, 1 Evangelical Associ- 
 ation of North America, 1 German Evangelical Lutheran, 1 Se- 
 ceders, 2 Universalis!, 1 Disciples, 1 Jewish, 2 Second Advent, 
 and 2 Catholic. The hotels are generally well conducted, with 
 every arrangement for the convenience and comfort of the trav- 
 eling community. The population of Cleveland shows a remark- 
 ably rapid growth. In the year 1796, the population was 3; in 
 1800, 20; in 1825, 500; in 1830, 1,000; in 1840, 6,071; in 1845, 
 10,000; and in 1850, 17,000; showing an increase of near 200 
 per cent, in ten years. Steamers arrive and depart for all points 
 on the lakes, daily. Cars arrive and depart daily for Cincinnati 
 and intermediate points on the Columbus & Cleveland railroad; 
 for Toledo, via Toledo, Norwalk & Cleveland road; for Buffalo, 
 via Lake-shore road through Erie and Dunkirk; for Pittsburg, 
 Pennsylvania, via Cleveland & Pittsburg road to Alliance, thence 
 via Ohio & Pennsylvania railroad; and to Wheeling, Virginia, 
 via Shelby Junction, Mansfield, Newark, and Zanesville. 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 183 
 
 OfllO City, is situated on a beautiful and commanding 
 eminence, opposite Cleveland, on the west bank of the Cuyahoga 
 river. It was incorporated as a city in 1836, and now contains 3 
 churches, viz: 1 Methodist Episcopal, 1 Presbyterian, and 1 
 Episcopal, a number of stores, several of which do a large and 
 extensive business, and a population of 3,000. The Episcopal 
 church of this city is a splendid edifice, of the Gothic order of 
 architecture, and will compare favorably in point of architect- 
 ural beauty, with many of the handsome churches in our large 
 cities. 
 
 Note. 
 
 Painesville, county seat of Lake county, Ohio, is beautifully situated 
 on Grand river three miles from its mouth. It is a strikingly handsomo 
 village, the houses being all neatly and tastefully built, with ornamental 
 gardens attached. In the center of the town, is a fine public square compris- 
 ing several acres, and handsomely laid out with trees, and various kinds of 
 shrubbery. Some of the finest buildings in the town front on this square. 
 Painesville contains 1 Methodist, 1 Episcopal, 1 Disciples, and 1 Presbyterian 
 church, a classical academy, 1 bank, 1 newspaper printing office, 1 flour mill, 
 20 stores, and a population of 2,000. Painesville was laid out in the year 1805, 
 under the name of Champion. The name was subsequently changed to 
 Painesville, in honor of General Edward Paine, a revolutionary officer of high 
 reputation, and one of the first settlers of this place. 
 
 JFairport, three miles below Painesville, at the mouth of 
 Grand river, is a fine little village, having an excellent harbor, so 
 well defended from winds, and so easy of access, that vessels often 
 put in here and lay in times of storms, when unable to make any 
 other port. The village contains 8 forwarding houses, several 
 stores, and a population of about 250. 
 
 Erie, county seat of Erie county, Pennsylvania, is beautifully 
 situated on a high bluff of Presque-Isle Bay, affording a fine view 
 of the surrounding country, and of Lake Erie in the distance. 
 The first settlement made here was in 1795, by General William 
 Irvine and Andrew Elliott. In the year 1836, the land specula- 
 tion raged in this town to an amazing extent. Real estate rose in 
 value 100 per cent, in one day. A lot of ground, sold in February 
 for $1,000, was sold the succeeding March for $10,000. This 
 continued some time, and being based on real and true causes, 
 never retrograded. The excitement, however, naturally settled 
 down in time, and the business became steady. 
 
184 ROUTE OF THE GREAT LAKES. 
 
 Erie contains a court-house, jail, and county-offices, the Erie 
 Bank, a female seminary, 7 churches, the Reid House, a splendid 
 hotel on the plan of the Astor House, an academy, several mills 
 and founderies, a large number of stores, and a population of 
 4000. The town of Erie is the place were Commodore Perry 
 built and equipped his fleet, preparatory to his engagement with 
 the British Admiral, Barclay. The fleet was brought in here 
 after the victory, and the remains of the flag-ship Lawrence are 
 now to be seen lying here rotting. Pieces are constantly being 
 cut from it, by visitors, as relics of this memorable event. Steam- 
 ers ply daily to and from all important places on the lake. Stages 
 leave daily for Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and cars for Buffalo, 
 New York, and Cleveland, Ohio. The Lake-shore road, connect- 
 ing Cleveland with Buffalo, passes through Erie. A road is also 
 projected hence to Pittsburg. 
 
 Dunkirk, situated on Lake Erie, in Chatauque county, 
 New York, is a fine, flourishing village, destined, at some future 
 day, from its advantageous position and excellent harbor, to be- 
 come a town of great commercial importance. This place is the 
 termination of the New York & Erie Railroad, which is 469 miles 
 long, and the most important road in the country, connecting 
 Lake Erie directly with the Atlantic at New York, and is a great 
 thoroughfare for passengers. The Lake road, via Erie, Cleveland, 
 Norwalk, and Toledo, passes through this place, also, to Buffalo. 
 Thus uniting the two ends of the lake in iron bonds and opening 
 a winter route for travel. The prospects of Dunkirk, under these 
 circumstances, are very flattering. It contains 3 churches, an 
 academy, 20 stores, two or three mills, and a population of 1000 
 
 Buffalo, county seat of Erie county, New York, is situated 
 at the head of Niagara river, on Lake Erie, and at the western 
 terminus of the Erie canal, in latitude 42° 53' north, longitude 2^ 
 west from Washington. It is 364 miles from Albany, and 445 
 from New York. It was originally laid out by the Holland 
 Land Company, in 1801. The progress of the settlement was 
 exceedingly slow until the year 1812, when it became a military 
 post, and began to show signs of rapid increase. The next yenr, 
 however, it was laid in ashes by the British and Indians, who 
 burnt every house in the town with the exception of two. After 
 the war was over, and business began again to prosper, the advan- 
 tageous position of the place arrested the attention of settlers, and 
 the town began to grow with increased rapidity. In 1825, the 
 Erie Canal was opened : and from this time Buffalo dates the 
 commencement of her prosperity. The population in 1825, was 
 2,412; in 1835, 15,661; in 1845, 29,773; and in 1851, 50,000. 
 Buffalo, from its situation, commands a fine view of Lake Erie, 
 
ROUTE OF THE GREAT LA.KES. 185 
 
 Niagara river, and the surrounding country. The streets are 
 generally broad and regular; many of them being 100 feet wide. 
 There are three public squares — those oases of large cities, whose 
 delightful bowers afford a pleasant retreat to the dust weary in- 
 habitants. The public buildings and institutions of various kinds, 
 are a court-house, jail, and county offices, 4 markets, 30 churches, 
 for the various denominations of Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian, 
 Episcopal, German Protestant, Methodist Protestant, Universalist, 
 Unitarian, Lutheran, Bethel, Roman Catholic, and African: there 
 are also 2 orphan asylums, a theater, several banking houses, an 
 academy, 50 public, and a number of private schools. There is 
 also a Young Men's Association, having a library of over 6,000 
 volumes. 
 
 The harbor of Buffalo is formed by the mouth of Buffalo creek, 
 and is considered one of the best on the lake. It is from 14 to 16 
 feet deep, and has been extensively improved by the general 
 government. There has been a pier constructed of wood and 
 stone, extending 1,500 feet from the mouth of the creek, upon 
 the end of which is a light-house, 20 feet in diameter at the base, 
 and 40 feet high. The accumulation of ice, arising from the 
 frequency of westerly winds on the lake, is a serious inconvenience 
 to the commerce of Buffalo; and it is sometimes several weeks 
 after the lake is clear, before the harbor is unobstructed. Buffalo 
 may be termed the great gate between the East and West, 
 through which most of the trade passes. In connection with its 
 lake navigation, it has communication with Albany both by a 
 canal and railroad, and with Boston by a continuous chain of 
 railroads, 525 miles long, with New York city direct, by Buffalo 
 and New York city railroad, connecting with New York & Erie 
 road at Hornellsville; also with Black Rock, Niagara Falls, and 
 Lewistown; with Cincinnati and St. Louis, via the Lake-shore 
 road, passing through Dunkirk, Erie, Painesville, Cleveland, Nor- 
 walk, and Toledo, thus making a winter route around the lake, 
 and affording means of rapid communication from one end of it 
 to the other during the suspension of navigation; and opening a 
 direct and continuous line of railroad communication from Buf- 
 falo to Chicago, via the Southern Michigan road. There is also a 
 road under contract from Buffalo to Detroit direct, through Can- 
 ada. The cars upon the Albany & Buffalo, and the New York 
 city roads leave several times daily, thus affording means of rapid 
 transit between these cities and Boston. 
 
 Steamboats leave Buffalo daily for Erie, Cleveland, Sandusky, 
 Detroit, Chicago, and all intermediate points of importance on 
 the great chain of lakes. 
 
 
JAMES* RAILROAD AND ROUTE BOOK. 
 
 23 
 
 (53.) Mormon Route 
 
 FROM KANESVILLE, (NEAR COUNCIL BLUFFS,) 
 
 To City of the Great Salt Lake, Utah. 
 
 1*u>Ms G l'.11 "-aces. 
 
 K'ds-I., Gr>t 
 v)lle.| lnt - S.L. 
 
 PLACES. 
 
 Kanesville 
 
 Ferryville, on Mo. river 
 
 Pappen creek • • • 
 
 Elkhorn river *&• 
 
 Platte river • 
 
 Shell creek 
 
 Long lake 
 
 Loup fork 
 
 Looking-glass creek 
 
 Beaver river 
 
 Plum creek 
 
 Old Pawnee village 
 
 Cedar creek 
 
 Upper ford Loup fork • • 
 
 Prairie creek 
 
 Wood river 
 
 Elm creek 
 
 Buffalo creek 
 
 Willow lake 
 
 Ptah lake 
 
 Skunk creek 
 
 Carrion creek 
 
 Black Mud creek 
 
 North Bluff fork 
 
 Bluff creek 
 
 Petite creek 
 
 Goose creek 
 
 Duckweed creek 
 
 Rattlesnake creek 
 
 Crooked creek 
 
 Camp creek 
 
 Wolf creek 
 
 Watch creek 
 
 Castle creek 
 
 Sand Hill creek 
 
 Crab creek 
 
 Cobble hills 
 
 Ancient Bluff Ruins- • • • 
 
 Chimney Rock 
 
 Scott's Bluffs 
 
 Spring creek 
 
 Rawhide creek 
 
 Ibrt Laramie 
 
 Warm Springs 
 
 Porter's Rock 
 
 30 
 29 
 51 
 74 
 86 
 97 
 107 
 116 
 123 
 127 
 129 
 146 
 170 
 182 
 234 
 241 
 263 
 270 
 291 
 308 
 322 
 331 
 343 
 353 
 355 
 358 
 364 
 371 
 375 
 381 
 385 
 395 
 400 
 422 
 427 
 431 
 464 
 484 
 488 
 522 
 534 
 548 
 554 
 
 1043 
 12 1031 
 181013 
 
 91004 
 121 992 
 23 1 969 
 12, 957 
 11 946 
 10 936 
 
 9 927 
 
 920 
 916 
 914 
 897 
 873 
 861 
 809 
 802 
 780 
 773 
 752 
 735 
 721 
 712 
 700 
 690 
 688 i 
 685 
 679 
 672' 
 66S] 
 662 
 65S 
 648! 
 643 
 621 
 616 
 612 
 579 
 559 
 555 
 521 
 509 
 495 
 489 
 
 Bitter creek 
 
 Dead Timber creek • 
 Horse creek & Heberspgs 
 La Bonte river 
 
 A La P. river 
 
 Box Elder creek • • • 
 Fourche Boise river 
 North Fork Platte river 
 
 Deer creek 
 
 Upper Platte ferry and 
 
 ford 
 
 Rock avenue 
 
 Willow spring 
 
 Prospect hill 
 
 Greasewood creek 
 
 Sweet Water river 
 
 Independence Rock 
 
 Devil's Gate 
 
 Alkali lake 
 
 Bitter Cottonwood creek 
 
 Ice spring 
 
 Strawberry creek 
 
 Quaking Aspen creek • • 
 
 Willow creek 
 
 South Pass 
 
 Pacific creek 
 
 Junction California and 
 
 Oregon route 830 
 
 Little Sandy 838 
 
 Big Sandy 846 
 
 Green River ford 873 
 
 Black's Fork 89 
 
 Ham's Fork 897 
 
 Fort Bridger 928 
 
 Muddy Fork 941 
 
 Sulphur creek 959 
 
 Bear river 961 
 
 Yellow creek 970 
 
 Cache cave 976 
 
 Red Fork, Weber rivei • 998 
 
 Weber river ford 1002 
 
 Kanyon creek 1013 
 
 Brown's creek • • • • 1027 
 
 Mouth of Kanyon [1038 
 
 City of Salt Lake |1043 
 
 558 
 562 
 577 
 595 
 615 
 620 
 623 
 627 
 632 
 
 661 
 681 
 690 
 691 
 700 
 710 
 711 
 716 
 728 
 740 
 762 
 790 
 791 
 796 
 811 
 814 
 
 4 
 
 4 
 
 lfi 
 
 18 
 
 20 
 5 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 29 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 10 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 12 
 12 
 221 281 
 28 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 485 
 481 
 466 
 448 
 428 
 423 
 420 
 416 
 411 
 
 382 
 362 
 353 
 352 
 343 
 333 
 332 
 327 
 315 
 303 
 
 253 
 252 
 247 
 
 15 232 
 
 3 229 
 
 16 213 
 8; 205 
 8j 197 
 
 27, 170 
 20 1.50 
 
 4 140 
 31 115 
 13 102 
 18, 
 
 2 
 
 s 
 
 22 
 4 
 11 
 14 
 11 
 
 R4 
 82 
 73 
 67 
 45 
 41 
 30 
 16 
 5 
 
JAMES RAILROAD AND ROUTE BOOK. 
 
 29 
 
 (62.) MISSOUKI RIVER. 
 Council Bluffs to Mouth. 
 
 PLACES. 
 
 iC'ncll 
 I Biff*. 
 
 M'thi 
 Mo. 
 
 I C'ncl i 
 I Bl'ffs. I 
 
 Int. 
 
 M'th 
 Mo. 
 
 Council Bluffs I 
 
 Traders point | 
 
 Bellevue 25 
 
 Platte river 40 
 
 Iowa point 175 
 
 Nodeway City 205 
 
 St. Joseph 230 
 
 Webton 285 
 
 Fort Leavenworth 292 
 
 Little Platte river 312 
 
 313 
 323 
 328 
 335 
 340 
 345 
 346 
 360 
 372 
 377 
 383 
 408 
 411 
 
 4 
 
 211 665j 
 
 15 650 
 
 135! 515| 
 
 30} 485| 
 
 25 ! 460: 
 
 690 ' Grand river • • 
 686, 1 Brunswick • •• 
 Old Jefferson • 
 
 Glasgow 
 
 Arrow Rock • • 
 La Mine river 
 
 362 
 355 
 350 
 345! 
 3441 
 330! 
 
 Booneville 
 
 55! 4051 Franklin 5 
 
 7J 398 Rockport 
 
 20 378 Providence 
 
 l! 377 Nashville 
 
 10! 367 Marion 
 
 Hibernia 
 
 Jefferson City 
 
 Osage river 
 
 Portland 
 
 Gasconade river 
 
 Herman * 
 
 318|| Pinckney 
 
 3131 Washington 
 
 307!USt Charles 
 
 282! Mouth of Missouri river 
 279 
 
 Parkville 
 
 Kansas 
 
 Randolph 
 
 Wayne city 
 
 Liberty Landing- • • 
 
 Livingstone 
 
 Owens Landing- • • . 
 
 Sibley 
 
 Camden 
 
 Wellington 
 
 Lexington 
 
 Walconda 
 
 Waverly 
 
 t The Gates of the Rocky Mountains are 441 miles above the extreme point of 
 navigation. The " Great Falls" and Fort McKenzie are 110 miles below this, 
 and 2,575 from the mouth. 
 
 Above Council Bluffs we can not obtain any reliable information as to 
 distances, the country being very thinly settled. 
 
 Boats to Council Bluffs, and all the intermediate places, from St. Louis 
 daily. 
 
 429 
 431 
 459 
 462 
 471 
 481 
 
 484 
 
 499 
 511 
 512 
 527 
 542 
 547 
 556 
 577 
 587 
 592 
 
 18! 261 
 
 2] 259 
 
 28 231 
 
 228 
 219 
 209 
 
 206 
 
 191 
 179 
 17S 
 163 
 148 
 143 
 134 
 113 
 103 
 
 614 22 
 
 622 8 
 
 668 46 
 
 690 22 
 
 (63.) ARKANSAS RIVER. 
 
 FLACES. 
 
 I Fort 
 I Gb'n. 
 
 po-n. 
 
 PLACES. 
 
 Fort I 
 Gb'n. I 
 
 Int. 
 
 N* 
 
 po'n. 
 
 Fort Gibson, Indian Ter 
 
 ritory 
 
 Webber's Falls ■ 
 
 Fort Coffee \ 100 
 
 Fort Smith, Ark. ... 
 
 Tan Buren 
 
 Ozark ■••« 
 
 M'Lain's Bottom- ••■ 
 Morrison's Bluff 
 
 40 
 60 
 120! 20 
 129 
 
 189 60 
 199 10 
 214! 15 
 
 645 
 605 
 545 
 525 
 9| 516 
 456 
 446 
 431 
 
 Spadra Bluff 
 
 Dardanelle 
 
 Lewisburg 
 
 Little Rock 
 
 IMne Bluff 
 
 Arkansas Pass 
 
 Montgomery point • • 
 Napoleon, (Mississippi 
 river.) 
 
 220j 6 425 
 
 250 30 395 
 
 295' 45 350 
 
 360 65 285 
 
 460 100 
 580 120 
 625 45 
 
 645; 20 
 
 185 
 65 
 20 
 
 Navigable to Little Rock, 285 miles, at all seasons, and to Fort Gibson, 646 
 miles, during high stages of water. 
 
 Boats from New Orleans ply on this river constantly. Boats from Cincin- 
 nati, St. Louis, &c, usually reship their freight destined for this river at 
 Napoleon. 
 
R , R 
 
 I 4 U. P. James' Publications — Cincinnati. 
 
 J The Gem. A Handsome and Useful Present for all seasons, con- 
 taining Select'ons of Prose and Poetry of a moral, instructive, and 
 useful character, including a number of Stories and Tales. Illus- 
 trated with two colored Plates, and ten fine Engravings. 324 pages. 
 Printed on fine paper, bound in embossed cambric, gilt back, .FWc* 
 $1 50. 
 
 J allies' J&ailroad aud Route Book, containing all the 
 Railroad, Steamboat, and Stage Routes in the West and South, the 
 Routes to California and Oregon. With rates of Fare, Distances, Con- 
 nections, &c, &c 15 cts. 
 
 James' Travelers' Companion, Being a Complete Guide 
 through the West and South, to the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific, 
 via the Railroads, Lakes, Rivers, Canals, &c. With Historical Notes, 
 Statistical Tables, and a vast amount of general information. To 
 which is added, the Railroad and Route Book. Neat cloth binding, 
 50 cts. 
 
 " With this book in his hand, the traveler in the Great West need 
 have no difficulty in determining his route, to observe the principal 
 objects of interest." — Columbian, and Great West. 
 
 '•'This is a carefully compiled and well gotten up workj full of valuable 
 statistics, and most interesting historical notes.'" — The Citizen. 
 
 The Doctrine of Future and JEudless Punishment, 
 
 Logically Proved, in a Critical Examination of such Passages of 
 Scripture as Relate to the Final Destiny of Man. By Rev. Recne R. 
 Coon. I vol., 12.no., cloth, $1 00. 
 Having hastily glanced over the positions in this volume, and the 
 mode of sustaining them, and regarding the argument as cl 
 convincing, and irrefragible, I cannot but express the opinion, 
 the doctrine of Universalism is fairly met, and very satisfactorily, 
 and, I might add, clearly and concisely refuted. To those doubt- 
 ing or denying the future perdition of ungodly men, I commend 
 tbe p their serious and candid consideration. 
 
 A. Campbell, of Betliany, Virginia. 
 
 Hcrvcy. Meditations and Contemplations. By the Rev. Jam:« 
 
 Herv^y, A. M., late Rector of Western Favell, Northamptonshire, 
 
 cont?.ining his Meditations among the Tombs, Reflections in a Flower 
 
 Garden, together with the Life of the Author. In one neat 16mo. 
 
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 Ay the Rev. George Croly, author of the " Life and Times of George* 
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 CO cts. 
 
 Hannah Rlore's Devotions. The book of Private Devotion. 
 A Series of Prayers and Meditations ; with an Introductory Essay 
 on Prayer ; chiefly from the writings of Hannah More. S2mo., cloth, 
 25 cts. 
 
 Life of Gf n. Win. II. Harrison. Sketches of the Civil 
 and Military Services of Wm. Henry Harrison. By Todd and Drake. 
 Revised and enlarged; bringing it to the death of President Har- 
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 Bend. By James H. Perkins. 1 vol., 18mo., cloth, 35 cts. 
 
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