LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 002 826 430 6 Hollinger Cot] pH8.5 -^ F 199 THE JERSEY HERD World's Columbian Exposition CHICAGO, 1893. REPORT OF ,\ VALANCKY E/" KULLER. Superintendent of the Herd. »«TERED New York: ISHED BV THE CLTJB. 1894. \ T.TBK^RY OF THE U. S. Department of Agriculture ^^" The Jersey Herd at the World's Columbian Exposition. REPORT OF VALANCEY E. FULLER, SUPERINTENDENT OF THE HERD. To the Members of the World's Columbian Exposition Committee, the President, Directors and Members of the American fersey Cattle Club: Gentlemen : I beg to state that since my previous report of April 29, 1893, I have remained contin- uously at work at the World's Fair dairy barns, under direction of your committee. In the report before referred to I stated that 56 cows and one bull had been brought to the barns. After that time the herd was added to by cows to the number of nine, also eight heifers and two bulls, making a total of 76 head. Herewith are the names of the cows, heifers and bulls so kindly contributed by the Jersey breeders for the World's Fair dairy tests : COWS. Sheba Rex 47429, Theodore A. Havemeyer, Mahwah, N. J. Natasqua 65598, Theodore A. Havemeyer, Mahwah, N. J. Gem of Mountain Side 36577, Theodore A. Havemeyer, Mahwah, N. J. Exile's Lulu 49984, Mr. C. I. Hudson, Alexandria Bay, N. Y. Albert's Gem 34006, Mr. F. A. Schermerhorn, Lenox, Mass. Tristeka 28332, Mr. C. S. Taylor, Burlington, N. J. Little Goldie 38671, Mr. C. \. Hood, Lowell, Mass. Alteration 56436, Mr. W. E. Matthews, Huntsville, Ala. Justa Pogis 64863, Ky. Agric. Experimeat Station, Lexington, Ky. Gay Orphan 25985, Ky. Agric. Experiment Station, Lexington, Ky. Sayda 3d 17317, Mr. Edgar Brewer, Hockanum, Conn. Pearl of Riverside 55659, Mr. H. A. Huntington, Higganum, Conn. Lorita 33750, Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa. ' Alexa 64924, Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa. Flora Temple 3d 40086, Mr. Frederic Bronson, Southport, Conn. Hilda A. 3d 16636, Mr. Frederic Bronson, Southport, Conn. Brown Bessie 74997, Mr. Homer C. Taylor, Orfordville, Wis. Lily Martin 49954, Mr. M. C. Campbell, Spring Hill, Tenn. Idarella 41433. Mr. M. C. Campbell, Spring Hill, Tenn. Annice Magnet 60256, Mr. John Boyd, Elmhurst, 111. Alice C. Magnet 31567, Mr. John Boyd, Elmhurst, 111. Hugo's Countess 68394. Mr. D. L. Heinsheimer, Glenwood, Iowa. Ida Marigold 32615, Mr. C. A. Sweet, Buffalo, N. Y. f'\ Sayda M. 46195, Mr. C. A. Sweet, Buffalo, N. Y. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Daisy Hinman 61537, Messrs. Ayer & McKinney, Meredith, N. Y. Lady Matilda Pogis 36270, Messrs. Ayer & McKinney, Meredith, N. Y. Merry Maiden 64949, Messrs. O. & C. T. Graves, Maitland, Mo. Pretty Marchioness 62569, Mr. Walter W. Law, Whitson, N. Y. Signal Queen 30869, Mr. Frank Eno, Pine Plains, N. Y. Grace Pansy 2d 18764, Mr. Geo. V. Green, Hopkinsville. Ky. Princess Honoria 62548, Frederick Billings' Estate, Woodstock, Vt. Garella 62541, Frederick Billings' Estate, Woodstock, Vt. Stoke Pogis' Regina 4S309, Frederick Billings' Estate, Woodstock, Vt. Baroness Argyle 4049S, Mr. E. Stevens Henry, Rockville, Conn. Hanover's Beauty 43577, Mr. A. B. Darling, Ramsey's, N. J. Priscilla of Riverside 21826, Mr. H. A. Flint, Detroit, Mich. Exile's Bessie 49985, Mr. P. J. Cogswell, Rochester, N. Y. Mocha's Pet 12985, Mr. P. J. Cogswell, Rochester, N. Y. Daltrina 33881, Mr. Townsend Sharpless, Philadelphia, Pa. Jessaline 3d 42254, Mr. Webb C. Garth, Trenton, Ky. Dear Keepsake 27192, Mrs. M. L. Merrell, Portage, Wis. Lette Signal 26823, Mr, J. A. Middelton, Shelbyville, Ky. Lady O. 83782, Mr. A. G. Herr, Lyndon, Ky. Chelten Queen 49410, Mr. J. W. Lippincott, Jenkintown, Pa. Lady Longfield 23524, Major Campbell Brown, Spring Hill, Tenn. Rita of Andalusia 29414, Mr. Geo. Fox, Torresdale, Pa. Pridalia 17249, Mr. Columbus Dixon, Gillespieville, Ohio. Fringe 16875, imp., Mr. N. Frazier, Clark's Station, Ky. Comanca 19389, Mr. John L. Mitchell, Milwaukee, Wis. Romp's Princess 51 185, Mr. W. Gettj's, Athens, Tenn. Islip Lenox 31703, Mr. A. P. Foster, Plainview, Minn. Cupid's Jersey Maid 35040, Mr. C. S. Dole, Crystal Lake, III. Bessie's Wonder 52248, Mr. C. S. Dole, Crystal Lake, 111. Katherine of Pittsford 73169, Mrs. E. F. Hawley, Pittsford, N. Y. Caledonia Lily 54762, Messrs. W. W. Weed & Sons, Potsdam, N. Y. Brydie's Darling 57223, Douglass Jersey Cattle Co., Pevely, Mo. Dora Binkley 48626, Douglass Jersey Cattle Co., Pevely, Mo. Belle of Oxford 38203, Mr. M. L. Frink, Oxford, Mich. Signal's Lily Fiagg 31035, Messrs. W. E. Matthews & S. H. Moore, Huntsville, Ala. Eurotisama 29668, Mr. D. F. Appleton, Ipswich, Mass. Koffee's Lady 37263, Mr. C. G. Peters, East Williston, N. Y. Champion's Gem 2d 47785, Mr. F. M. Wilson, Selma, Ohio. Lady of Ridgewood 47787, Mr. F. M. Wilson, Selma, Ohio. Maid of Monte 43629, Mr. L. A. Martin, Belton, Mo. Proctor's Alma Dolores 47107, Mr. T. R. Proctor, Utica, N. Y. HEIFERS. Pedro's Pretty Flower 88542, Mr. T. S. Cooper, Coopersburtrh. Pa. Elturia 80701, Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa. Campania 88474, Richardson Bros., Davenport, loua. Lily Garfield 79819, Est. of Frederick Billings, Woodstock, Vt. ) THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. No. No. No. Woodstock Mystery 77746, Est. of Frederick Billings, Woodstock, Yt. Woodstock Lady 80619, Est. of Frederick Billings, Woodstock, Yt. lola F. 85529, Mr. E. W. Fairman, Brodhead, Wis. Jeannette of Pittsford 73185, Mr. A. O. Auten, Jerseyville, 111. BULLS. Little Harry 8808, Messrs. S. H. Moore, Huntsville, Ala. Chromo 261 13, Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa. Exile's St. John 20202, Mr. A. D. Baker, Aurelius, N. Y. and S. N. Warren, Spring Hill, Tenn. The following cows were selected for Test No . I : I. Sheba Rex 47429. No. 14. 2. Natasqua 65598. " 15. 3. Exile's Lulu 49984. " 16. 4. Albert's Gem 34006 " 17- 5. Tristeka 28332. " 18. 6. Little Goldie 38671. " 19- 7. Alteration 56436. " 20. 8. Justa Pogis 64863. " 21. 9. Gay Orphan 25985. " 22. 10. Sayda 3d 173 17. " 23. II. Pearl of Riverside 55659. " 24. 12. Lorita 33750. " 25. 13. Flora Temple 3d 40086. The following cows were selected for Test No .2: I. Sheba Rex 47429. No. 14. 2. Natasqua 65598. " 15. 3. Exile's Lulu 49984. " 16. 4. Albert's Gem 34006. " 17- 5. Islip Lenox 31703. " 18. 6. Little Goldie 38671. " 19 7. Alteration 56436. " 20. 8. Justa Po;;is 64863. " 21 9. Gay Orphan 25985. " 22. 10. Sayda 3d 17317. " 23. 11. Pearl of Riverside 55659. " 24. 12. Lorita 33750. " 25. 13. Flora Temple 3d 40086. The following cows were selected for Test No 3 •• I. Ida Marigold 32615. No. 9. 2. Islip Lenox 31703. " 10. 3. Brown Bessie 74997. " II. 4. Sayda 3d 17317. " 12. 5. Baroness Argyle 40498. " 13- 6. Flora Temple 3d 40086. " M- 7. Signal Queen 30869. " ^5- Sheba Rex 47429. Brown Bessie 74997. Lily Martin 49954. Annice Magnet 60256. Hugo's Countess 68394. Ida Marigold 32615. Daisy Hinman 61537. Merry Maiden 64949. Pretty Marchioness 62569. Signal Queen 30869. Grace Pansy 2d 18764. Princess Honoria 62548. Baroness Argyle 40498. Brown Bessie 74997. Lily Martin 49954. Annice Magnet 60256. Hugo's Countess 68394. Ida Marigold 32615. Daisy Hinman 61537. Merry Maiden 64949. Romp's Princess 51 185. Signal Queen 30869. Grace Pansy 2d 18764. Princess Honoria 62548. Baroness Argyle 40498. Exile's Lulu 49984. Merry Maiden 64949. Cupid's Jersey Maid 35040. Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309. Katherine of Pittsford 73169. Hugo's Countess 68394. Romp's Princess 51185. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The following heifers were selected for Test No. 4 : No. I. Elturia 80701. " 2. Campania 88475. " 3. Lily Garfield 79819. " 4. lola F. 85529. The following cows calved at the barns on the Proctor's Alma Dolores 47107 en route to grounds (prematurely) Daisy Hinman 61537 (prematurely) Jan. 4 Hilda A. 3d 16636 Feb. 4 Alice C. Magnet 31567 " 4 Eurotisama 29668 " 4 Lady Matilda Pogis 36270 _ " 17 Sheba Rex 47429 " 22 Lorita 33750 - " 28 Natasqua 65598 March i Grace Pansy 2d I S764 " 5 Hugo's Countess 68394 " 7 Pretty Marchioness 62569 " 7 Idarella 41433 " 9 Lette Signal 26823 .- " 10 Sayda 3d 17317 " 13 Annice Magnet 60256 " 14 Gem of Mountain Side 36577 " 15 Pearl of Riverside 55659 " 23 KofTee's Lady 37263-.- " 24 LadyO. 83782 " 26 Priscilla of Riverside 21826 " 28 Tristeka 28332 " 29 Alteration 56436 " 30 Caledonia Lily 54762 " 31 No. 5. Woodstock Mystery 77746. 6. Woodstock Lady 80619. 7. Jeannetle of Pittsford 73185. dates given : Chelten Queen 49410- April Flora Temple 3d 40086 " Justa Pogis 64863 " Signal Queen 30869 " Daltrina 33S81 " Lily Martin 49954 " Belle of Oxford 38203 - ' Lady Longfield 23524 " Little Goldie 38671 " Albert's Gem 34006. " Dora Binkley 48626 " Exile's Lulu 49984 ' Merry Maiden 64949 " Romp's Princess 51185 ' Baroness Argyle 40498 ^ "' Brown Bessie 74997 " Princess Honoria62548 " Ida Marigold 32615 " Rita of Andalusia 29414 (prematurely) May Fringe 16875 " Islip Lenox 31703 " Comanca 19389 June 16 Jessaline 3d 42254 '• 18 GareHa 62541 July 13 MILK FEVER. In my previous report I stated the death of Gem of Mountain Side 36577. Garella 62541 was the only other cow that died subsequent to calving. Her death occurred during excessively hot weather. The second day after calving she had been doing well, and, besides nursing her calf through the night, had given at six o'clock in the morning 173?^ lbs. of milk. At eight o'clock the same morning, when I saw her, she appeared perfectly well. At nine o'clock she was reported to me as sick. At half-past nine she was unconscious. We removed her from the box-stall to the open floor of the stable, and revived her by stimulants ; but she remained unconscious, and later on passed into milk fever, from which she never recovered, although every effort was made to save her. The remedies which I had used previously in other cases of milk fever seemed to act upon her beneficially, and she apparently responded to the treatment ; but we were never able to recover her from the comatose condition into which she had lapsed before she passed into milk fever. From her condition at eight o'clock in the morning, and from the quantity of milk which she gave then, and also from her temperature during the night preceding and that morning, I am inclined to think that she would not have been stricken with milk fever were it not for the excessive heat which first prostrated her, and from which she passed into milk fever. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 5 The following cows had milk fever, but were successfully carried through same, and recovered there- from : Eurotisama, Pretty Marchioness and Signal Queen. Of all the cows calving at the barn, Garella was the only cow whose death was caused by milk fever. As is usual in such cases, it was the best that was taken. She was a magnificent animal, and had come in with this, her second calf, carrying a tremen- dous udder and giving an enormous flow of milk, and promised to have been one of our best cows. TESTING COWS FOR SELECTION FOR TEST NO. i. As promised in my first report, each cow that had calved previous to the test received one or more tests by the churn of a day's milk. These tests were conducted by me personally. I was present at the milking, weighed the milk, placed it in a can, sealed the same, retained it under seal until broken by me and placed in the churn. I remained constantly present during the churning, saw the butter made, worked and weighed in my presence, and then made record of the same. In addition to this, I also took an "oil determination " of each cow for each milking of one day, a "composite oil test" for a single day's milk- ing, and a ' ' composite oil test ' ' for each cow of seven consecutive days' milkings. In the last case the cows were all taken on the same seven days. I was present at each milking, saw these samples taken, and supervised the determination of the fat contained therein by the Babcock oil test machine. The jars in which the samples were retained were initialed, and I carried the key to same myself. These tests formed the basis upon which the cows were selected for Test No. i, regard being had to the staying quali- ties of the cows, as far as one could ascertain them, and the distance from calving of the cows under con- sideration. Your committee, by resolution, decided that neither Eurotisama nor Signal's Lily Flagg should be included in the herd, as it was thought desirable that phenomenal cows should be excluded therefrom. Discarding all past records, and basing my judgment solely upon the performance of the cows in my hands at Jackson Park, I recommended to your committee for Test No. i the cows herein set out as those selected, of which your committee approved, and they accordingly formed the herd for Test No. i. I continued to keep accurate record of the performance of the other cows in the stable which had calved, for the purpose of determining what changes, if any, should be made in the herd for Test No. 2, based upon the actual work performed by them here. CHANGE OF COWS FOR TEST NO. 2. Pretty Marchioness had, previous to and during the continuance of Test No. i, Developed garget in one quarter of her udder, and I was fearful that, if she continued through the ninety days' test, the feed- ing necessary to secure good performance from her would tend to increase the difficulty referred to, and for that reason she was dropped at the beginning of Test No. 2 and Romp's Princess substituted in her place. Islip Lenox, which was not in Test No. i, and which had calved late, was showing uncommonly good work, and it was thought desirable to have her included in the herd for Test No. 2. She was accordingly substituted in the place of Tristeka. I continued to keep records of the cows not in the test, other than Eurotisama and Signal's Lily Flagg, for some considerable time after the beginning of Test No. 2, and made analyses of the fat in the milk by the oil test, and it was very gratifying to find that the selection of the cows as embraced in the herd for Test No. 2 proved to be the correct selection. RULES GOVERNING TESTS. The Testing Committee was "composed of Prof. M. A. Scovell, of the Kentucky Experiment Sta- tion, chairman; Profs. S. M. Babcock, Wisconsin Experiment Station ; I. P. Roberts, Cornell University, N. Y. ; H. P. Armsby, State College of Pennsylvania (the fodr named having been appointed by the Association of Agricultural Colleges and Experiment Stations) ; and Prof. W. H. Caldwell, representing 6 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. the American Guernsey Cattle Club, H. H. Hinds the American Short-Horn Association, and myself the American Jersey Cattle Club, as superintendents of the breeds named. The rules governing the tests were formulated and assented to at various meetings called by the Hon. W. I. Buchanan, Chief of Agriculture of the World's Columbian Exposition, and were in process of formation and amendment for at least a year and a half previous to their being adopted. The follow- ing associations or cattle clubs were represented at these meetings, and assented to the rules : American Jersey Cattle Club, American Guernsey Cattle Club, American Short-Horn Breeders' Association, Hol- stein-Friesian Association, American Devon Cattle Club, Red Polled Cattle Association, Brown Swiss Cattle Association, and American Ayrshire Association. Upon the Testing Committee devolved the duty of carrying out the details of the tests, as provided for in such rules, subject at all times to the approval and consent of Chief Buchanan. The rules as form- ulated prior to the beginning of the tests were adhered to, save in some minor details. Meetings of the Testing Committee were held every day from the beginning of the tests to the end of the same, save on Sundays, and I was present at almost every meeting. WEIGHING OF COWS. The rules provided that for the first five days of each test the cows should be weighed, to ascertain the average weight during those five days, and also the five days immediately preceding the termination of each test ; so that, except in Test No. 3, the herd should receive credit, or should be debited, with the increase or decrease in the weight of each cow, and consequently of the herd, at the rate of 4^^ cents per pound. A study of the tables of the weighing of each cow from day to day during these five days demon- strates a great variation in the weight, at times amounting to as much as 50 lbs., and the wisdom of ex- tending it to five days was amply demonstrated. TEST NO. I — CHEESE (FIFTEEN DAYS). For this test the following associations had each pledged twenty-five cows : American Jersey Cattle Club, American Guernsey Cattle Club, and American Short-Horn Association. All of the other breeds enumerated had originally pledged cows, but failed to enter, although barns had been built for them by the World's Fair authorities. The price of feed was fixed by Chief Buchanan prior to the test, and was cased upon the price in open markets in New York City, Buffalo and Chicago at that time, as was also the value of cheese, and in Tests Nos. 2 and 3, the value of butter. The following are the prices of feed per ton for this test : Hay (timothy) .- $11.50 Silage 4.00 Corn-Hearts i3-50 Bran 12.50 Ground Oats 23.00 Corn Meal 22.00 Cotton-Seed Meal $26.00 Middlings 13.00 Linseed Oil Meal 22.00 Grano-Gluten 14-75 Cream Gluten _ i7-50 The result of this test was most gratifying to Jersey breeders, as they obtained a complete victory in every way. While a few believed the Jersey cow wdiS, par excellejice, not only the best butter cow, but also the best cheese cow, it was not generally conceded that this was the case ; and it remained for this test to prove, in the most conclusive way, that she was not only the queen of the churn, but of the cheese- vat. As was demonstrated, the Jersey herd not only gave more milk than either of the other breeds, ex- ceeding the Guernseys in the fifteen days by 2357.8 lbs., and the Short-Horns by 1109.5 lbs., but the milk contained not only more fat, but also more solids other than butter fat, so that the milk made more cheese per hundred pounds than that of either of the other breeds. The quantity of cheese produced by the Jerseys exceeded that of the Guernseys by 321.14 lbs., and the Short-Horns by 374.16 lbs. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 7 SCORES OF CHEESE. iJuring the first four days cheese was not made, owing to the appliances in the dairy not being ready to make good cheese ; also on the 20th of May cheese was not made, as the milk of that day went sour. But for the ten days in which cheese was made the average scores adjudged by competent and impartial judges were as follows : Flavor. Texture. Keeping Quality. Color. Total. For Jerseys 49.8 23.2 13.5 4.2 90.7 " Guernseys 48.9 21.8 12.3 4.2 87.2 " Short-Horns 50.4 22.3 13.4 4.4 90.5 The amount of cheese credited to the breeds on the four days in which cheese was not made was obtained in the following manner : As the average pounds of fat and solids in the ten daysin which cheese was actually made is to the pounds of cheese produced therefrom, so the total pounds of fat and solids in each day is to the cheese of those days credited to each herd and to the individual cows composing the same. The credited cheese from the milk of the 20th of May was ascertained by taking the average of cheese for the two days immediately preceding and the two days immediately following that day. NET PROFITS. The net profit of the Jersey herd for this test (fifteen days) was $119.82, and exceeded the Guernseys by $31.52, equal to an excess net profit per cow per day of 8 4/25 cents, and the Short-Horns by $38.46, equal to an excess net profit per cow per day of 10 6/25 cents. Five awards were given by the World's Columbian Exposition as follows : " («) For the individual cow in each breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test." The Jersey Ida Mari- gold 32615 was champion of the Jerseys, yielding net $6.97. The Guernsey Sweet Ada was their cham- pion, with a net piofit of $5.27, and the Short-Horn Nora, with a net profit of $6.27, headed the Short- Horns. Until the increase of live weight was taken into consideration. Merry Maiden 64949 1^^ ^'1 the cows, the Jerseys included, by a few cents, but inasmuch as Ida Marigold gained in live weight in excess of Merry Maiden, the former was the champion cheese cow of the herd. The next award is : " {b) For the individual cow in any breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test," and this was the Jersey Ida Marigold, winning by a very strong lead. The next award is : " (c) For the five cows in each breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test." They were the cows Ida Marigold 32615, first, with a net profit of $6.97 Merry Maiden 64949, second, " " " " " 6.56 Lily Martin 49954, third, " " " " " 6.34 Signal Queen 30869, fourth, ' " " " " 6.34 Baroness Argyle 40498, fifth, " " " " " 6.12 Average per cow -$6.46. It will be noticed that Lily Martin and Signal Queen tie each other. Where this is the case, that one " which produces at least cost" is declared winner by the rules. The best five cows of the Guernseys showed the following net profit : $5.27, $5.06, $4.82, $4.79, $4.66. The leading Guernsey stands fourteenth in order of merit of the 75 cows competing, the second being the seventeenth, and the other three eighteenth, nineteenth and twenty-first respectively. The average net profit for the Guernseys per cow was $4.92. The best five Short-Horn cows showed the following net profit : $6.27, $5-63, $5-28, $4,52, $4-o7 ; 8 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. average net profit per cow, $5.15; and they stood in the following order of merit among the 75 cows : fifth, tenth, thirteenth, twenty-fourth and twenty-seventh. The next award was : " (t. A merican Jersey Cattle Club, IVorld's Columbian Kxposition : DjarSir: I have the honor to submit my report relative to attendance on cows Alteration and Little Goldie,both of which died as a result of impaction of the rumen. On Aug. 6, at your request, I visited the Exposition Grounds and examined the cow Alteration. I found the cow unable to rise and suffering from inflammation of the udder, the bowels markedly constipated and the rumen impacted with food, and at the same time showing abdominal pain. Dr. Mc^ilahon, veterinarian to the Fair, arrived at this time and also examined the animal. You informed us that you already had given the cow a full dose of physic the night previous, and that on the. same morning you had given still more. We decided that this treatment was perfectly proper, and recommended that small doses of Epsom salts, combined with carminatives and stomachics, be given at intervals of four hours, so as to keep up the action of the purgatives and prevent the accumulation of gas. We also directed the application of hot cloths to the udder and frequent rectal injections. On the following day, Aug. 7, Dr. McMahon telephoned me, requesting that I should take full charge of the case. I found, on arrival, the cow somewhat improved; the physic had slightly operated, the contents of the rumen were still hard, and the griping was not so severe. The cow was still unable to rise. On Aug. 8 and 9 a slight gradual improvement was noticeable. The mam- mary gland became softer, at times free purgation set in, yet the mass in the rumen still continued to remain. Stimulants were tried during those days to keep up the vitality, and, if possible, cause a return of the appetite, but the animal would not eat anything. On the night of the 9th, and on Thursday, Aug. 10, the weather became extremely warm, more especially on Thursday, when the heat was oppressive. The cow sank rapidly, but seemed again more bright on Friday, Aug. 11, when it became more cool. The vitality of the cow was, however, exceedingly low on this date, as she had not eaten anything since the attack set in, e.\cept some milk, eggs or oatmeal gruel with which she was drenched. On Saturday, Aug. 12, the cow died, and you telephoned me as to whether I desired to hold a. post-mortem on her, but I said I did not, as the cause of death was so apparent. Early on the morning of Sunday, Aug. 27, you came after me, requesting me to accompany you to see the Jersey cow Little Goldie. I immediately did so, and found her paralyzed in the hind extremities, suffering considerable abdominal pain. A marked stupor was also evident, showing considerable derangement of the brain. I immediately gave an active cathartic, and recom- mended treatment tending to allay the spasms, which were at intervals very pronounced. I saw the cow again the same evening, when there was no change apparent further than that the pains were relieved. On Aug. 28 I again saw the cow, and at that time a profound coma had set in, the animal lying in the most listless manner possible, with glazed eyes and stertorous breathing. The physic given on the previous day had slightly operated, but the hardened condition of the mass of food within the rumen still remained unchanged. Recommended ice to base of brain and stimulants. On the 29th the coma passed off, the cow raised her head and drank some, but would not eat any. The pulse was small and quick. Another full dose of physic was again given, and the stimulants continued. On the 30th and 31st August, and on the ist and 2d of September, no very marked change was appar- ent in the cow's condition, she seeming to remain comfortable, drinking a little, but refusing food of any kind. During these days a little gruel and milk was given her by bottle. A great mass of hardened food could still be detected in the rumen. On Sep. 2 a full dose of physic was again given, and on my visiting the cow the following day, Sep. 3, the stupor which had affected her the previous Monday had returned, and from this she did not recover during the same evening. On Monday, Sep. 4, I held an autopsy on the cow. The stomach contained a large quantity of food, which, from the action of the last physic, was softened. The walls of the organ were healthy. The bowels showed patches of congestion and inflamma- tion, apparently very recent, and seemingly caused by pressure, owing to the continuous constrained position in which the cow lay. The remaining organs were evidently healthy, showing nothing but the usual /t'j/' mortein congestive appearances. The cause of death of these two cows is to be sought for in the food of which they partook, the purposes to which they had been put, and the environments in which they had been placed. I need not allude at length to any of these particular causes further than to say that, in cattle fed continuously all they can eat of highly-stimulating and dry food for seven or eight months, permitted no exercise, and at the same time with their milking capabilities developed and drawn upon to their fullest extent, it is not possible to keep up the continuous tension indefinitely with- out something going wrong. Naturally, the apparatus most taxed is the mammary and digestive, the latter more particularly, and should rumination once suspend, after a cow's rumen is filled with food, the most serious of consequences may result. The food in such a case, instead of being remasticated and passed along into the third and fourth stomachs, ferments and decomposes, and even when the most powerful physic is resorted to several days or even weeks pass by before the first stomach is completely cleared of its sour contents. During this time there is complete loss of appetite, and the system becomes so weakened, more especially in nervous animals, that the vital powers fail before the result ati>;mpted is accomplished. This has been the course taken by the disease in the two cows alluded to, with the additional unfavorable symptom of paralysis present. But for the presence of this last symptom, I would have removed the contents by surgical operation, but I considered the paralysis as much the cause as the result of the disease. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 1 7 » I cannot conclude this report without making allusion to your untiring zeal in the nursing and general care of the animals in your charge. I have seen interested and patient nurses, but never before have I had to do with cases that received fhe same atten- tion as that given by you to the cases reported upon. Respectfully submitted, JOSEPH HUGHES, V.S. TEST NO. 3— (THIRTY DAYS, BUTTER). From Aug. 29 to Sept. 27, inclusive. Number of cows in test, 15 Jerseys, 15 Guernseys and 15 Short-Horns. It will be seen by the rules that it is provided that this test shall be confined to such breeds as have competed in Tests Nos. i and 2, each of which shall furnish 25 cows for same. The latter por- tion of the rule was amended, by which the number of cows of each breed was fixed at 15, in place of 25. This was done at the instance of the American Guernsey Cattle Club, who represented that, unless they were allowed to reduce the number to 15, they would not be able to compete ; and they based their re- quest upon the grounds of economy, and also owing to the fact that they had met with misfortunes in the cows that had been selected for this test, in the burning of the barns of the owner, Hon. Levi P. Morton, which contained at the time three cows selected for the test. Owing to such representations and request, the rules were amended by Chief Buchanan, by which all breeds were allowed to compete with 15 cows each. By the rules, the superintendent of each breed was allov/ed to substitute one or more or all the cows in this test, by giving specified notice shortly before the beginning of the test. I think it is to be regretted that, when the Guernseys were granted their request to reduce the number o^ cows to 15, they were not compelled to be limited to such cows as had been in Tests Nos. 1 or 2; because it is notice- able that they substituted in this test five new cows, to four of the Short-Horns and tnree of the Jerseys, so that one-third of their total herd was composed of fresher cows. This test differed from any other test in that butter alone was the only product credited. No value was allowed for increase in live weight, nor did the quantity of milk play any part, as no credit was given for solids other than butter fat ; but butter, pure and simple, was the object sought, from which was de- ducted the cost of feed and color. For the sake of keeping complete records of the cows, but for no other reason, the increase in live weight was reported, also the quantity of milk given by the cows and herds, and solids other than butter fat, but none of these things were considered in making the award. In this test the Jerseys labored under the disadvantage of having but three substituted cows, one of which had been over five months in milk, to five substituted cows of the Guernseys and four of the Short- Horns. In the early part of the test Hugo's Countess, No. 14, met with an accident, and followed as it was by the caking of a quarter of the udder, it acted prejudicially to her health, and necessitated the cut- ting down of her feed, whereby the product was materially impaired. That she suffered in health is shown by the fact that in the thirty days of the test she lost 120 lbs. in weight. The second day of the test Romp's Princess, No. 15, took cold in the show-ring, and never thoroughly recovered from the effect of the same. Islip Lenox, No. 2 in the test, also contracted a cold in the early part of the test, and suffered the ill-effects of it through the balance of the test. Out of the 74 cows competing in the go days' test, these three cows stood 5th, 8th, and 7th respectively. Notwithstanding all these disadvantages, the Jersey herd was again victorious in every respect, as will be seen by the tables. In comparing the relative merits of the cows in the herds, the only items to be considered are the pounds of fat as ascertained by the oil test, the quantity of butter, the value of same, the cost of feed, and the net profit. The same precautions as formerly were taken to insure accuracy in feeding, milking and analyzing the milk, in the retention of the milk until creamed, the retention of the cream until made into butter, and the storage of the butter until scored. l8 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The prices for feed in this test were as follows : Old Hay - -- $11.50 per ton. Cotton-Seed Meal $26.00 per ton. New Hay -- 10.00 " " Middl-'ngs 13 t-O Silage 1.50 " " Linseed Oil Meal.-- -- 22.00 " " *Carrots 8.00 '• " Grano-Gluten -- 14-75 Corn-Hearts-- 13.00 " " | Cream Gluten i7-5o Ground Oats 23.00 " " 1 Corn Meal 22.00 The butter was scored by the same scale of points as in Tests Nos. i and 2, but a change -.vas made in the value of same— that scoring 90 points, 40c. ; 95 points, 45c. ; 100 points, 50c. ; and one cent per pound was added to these figures for every point scored above those named. For instance, under the old rule, butter scoring 90 points was credited at 40c. a pound. Anything between 90 and 95 points was still at 40c. a pound; from 95 to 100 points, at 45c. a pound. Under the amended rule, if the average score of the three experts was, say, 92 points, the butter was credited at 42c.; 93 points, at 43c.; 96 points, at 46c. and so on. As in Test No. 2, the churn governed ; and the quantity of butter credited to each cow was dis- tributed from the actual v/ork of the churn and the analysis of the butter, so that when the quantity of butter credited to the whole herd was ascertained, on the basis of 80 percent, fat, it was distributed ratably among the cows, according to the quantity of butter fat to their credit, as provided for in the rules. I par- ticularly mention this because it has been conceived by many that the quantity of butter credited to each cow was that ascertained by-the oil test and that the oil test governed the churn, whereas, as will be seen from the above, the reverse is the case. BUTTER. The quantity of butter given by the Jerseys in the 30 days was 837.211 lbs., which exceeded that of the Guernseys by 1 13.041 lbs., and that of the Short-Horns by 174.551 lbs. The value of the butter of the Jersey herd was I385.592, being $55.82 in excess of that of the Guernseys, and $81.91 in excess of that of the Short-Horns. The net profit of the Jerseys, after deducting cost of feed, exceeded thatoftheGuernseys by $37,125 (equal to a net profit per herd per day of $1.24, or Sj^c. per head per day), and that of the Short-Horns by $75,236, or $2.51 per herd per day, or i6J4c. per head per day. The cost of feed of the Jerseys for the 30 days exceeded that of the Guernseys by $18,477, but it produced value in butter of $37,125 over the Guernseys, or over 200 per cent, net profit, although the cost per pound of butter in feed was slightly less in the Guernseys. COST OF BUTTER. The cost per pound of butterin feed was : Jerseys, rSxW- ; Guernseys, i2^%\c. ; Short-Horns, iSi^ijC. Appended is a list of the cows composing the Jersey and Guernsey herds in this test, giving the dates when they last calved ; and such cows as were substituted for this test are in each herd marked with an asterisk. The slight excess cost in the Jerseys over the Guernseys of producing a pound of butter is accounted for by the fact, as v;ill be seen by the table, that the Guernseys had a number of fresher cows than the Jerseys. These are among the substituted cows. It is well known that cows that are fresh will produce butter at a less cost per pound than cows that have been on dry feed and in milk for the length of time that were those composing the Jersey herd. It was clearly demonstrated by the 90 days' test that the Jerseys could produce butter at a cheaper rate than could Guernseys, and the respective ability of the two breeds was not changed in that short length of time, but the Guernseys had the good fortune of possessing fresher cows, and the Jerseys had not. * But 900 lbs. were furnished, as a trial prior to being furnished with cured clover hay of the crop of 1893. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD^S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 19 I give a table in this test also of the profits per cow per day of the various herds, and, as has been Sie case heretofore, the decimal parts of cents are left out : NET PROFIT PER DAY. Cents 82 1 76 1 66 65 .. *1 64 *i 62 1 *1 6160 59 58 3 2 57 *1 *1 56 1 53 *i 52 2 51 i 50 1 1 *1 48 i 1 47 i 46 'i 44 i 1 43 i 42 i 2 41 i *i 40 i 39 *i 38 i 1 32 "i 31 6 1 Total Cows 1 ..1*2 *3', . . Jerseys Guernseys 15 15 *1 .. 15 * One substituted cow. It shows that every Jersey made a net profit of 50 cents a day or over, and from that up to 82 cents, as against nine Guernseys at 50 cents and over and three Short-Horns, or three more than the other two breeds combined ; that of the nine Guernsey cows which made 50 cents or over, five were substituted or fresher cows, and of the three Short-Horns two were substituted cows, to three substituted cows in the entire Jersey herd. The superiority of the Jersey is, however, shown most strongly in the average net profit per cow per day, which is : Jerseys, 60y^^c. ; Guernseys, z^^m^-'< Short-Horns, 44to"':C- MILK TO POUND OF BUTTER. The following is the quantities of milk required to make one pound of butter : Jerseys, 16.58 lbs.; Guernseys, 18.66 lbs.; Short-Horns, 23.56 lbs. NET PROFIT OF ALL COWS (45). The following table gives the standing and net profit of the 45 cows in the test, arranged in their order of merit : a Breed. IS 1^ fin « g Breed. ^ . OK OH EJ K Ist 3 10 1 12 10 3 1 8 15 14 11 15 6 5 9 13 9 13 4 14 8 2 7 S24.678 23.085 20.015 19.560 19.377 18.898 18.869 18.556 18.242 18.214 17.910 17.771 17.640 17.615 17.543 17.539 17.443 17.249 17.116 16.947 15.930 15.791 15.723 "4th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th 31 St 32d 33d .34th 35th 36th 3rth 38th 39th 40th 41st 42d 43d 44th 45th Short-Horn 15 6 4 2 4 12 13 2 11 7 14 1 9 7 11 6 10 3 5 5 8 12 S15.478 2d Guernsey 15.293 3d Jersey 15.290 4th Short-Horn 15.220 5th 14.599 6th 14.524 7th Short-Horn 14.288 8th Guernsey . 14.020 9th Short-Horn 13.484 10th Guernsey 13.362 11th Short-Horn 13.099 12th Guernsey 13.784 13th " Short-Horn 12.709 14th Guernsey 12.649 15th 13.595 16th Short-Horn 12.585 17th 12.127 18th 11 11.971 19th Guernsey 11.565 20th Short-Horn 11.524 21st 9.623 22d Jersey 11 9.520 23d It will be noticed that, out of a possible fifteen, the Jerseys have nine cows among the first fifteen, to six of the other two breeds combined ; that the highest net profit for any Jersey is $24,678 (over five 20 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. months in milk at the end of the test); the highest Guernsey, $19,377 (one month and fifteen days in milk) ; the highest Short-Horn, $20,015 (two months and eight days in milk); that the lowest Jersey scores $15,290, standing twenty-sixth in the test out of forty-five, having been six months and fourteen days in milk ; the lowest Guernsey, $11. 565, and the lowest Short-Horn, $9,520. The above table further shows that there are six Guernseys and thirteen Short-Horns lower than the lowest Jersey. The following awards were made by the World's Columbian Exposition : (a) For the individual cow of eac/i breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test : Breed. Owner. Net Profit. Jersey— Brown Bessie 74997 Guernsey— *Purity Short-Horn— *Kitty Clay 4th C. I. Hood, Lowell. Mass $24,678 G. Howard Davison, Millbrook, N. Y 19 877 I. K. Innis, Greenville Centre, Pa 20.015 ' * Substituted cows. {J}) For the individual cow in any breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the J rsey — Brov/n Bessie 74997. ( " 4. " 5. $19,377 18.898 18.343 18.314 17.543 No. 1.* " 3. " 3.* " 4. " 5. 220.015 2. Merry Maiden 64949 3. * Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309 4. Ida Marigold 32615 5. Sheba Res 47429 15.47'8 15.220 14.599 14.388 $93,374 !R79.fi0ft " Substituted cows, (df ) For the five cows in any breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test Breed. Name of Cow. Net Profit. Last Caif. 1st. Jersey IBrown Bessie 74997 2d. " Merry Maiden 64949 3d. *Short-Hom ! Kitty Clay 4th 4tk. *Jersey |Stoke Pogis' Eegina 48309. 5th, *Guernsey Purity 23.085 30.015 19.560 19..377 April 21, 1893 April 15, 1893 July 19, 1893 July 29, 1893 Aug. 13, 1893 * Substituted cows. {e) For the breed which yielded the greatest net profit during the test : Jerseys. TEST NO. 4— HEIFER TEST. Period, 21 days, from Sept. 30 to October 20, inclusive. Number of heifers in test : Jerseys, 7 ; Short-Horns, 6 ; Guernseys, none. The original rules provided that this test should be for a period of 30 days, and that the value of the product should be ascertained and the awards made on exactly the same basis as in Test No. 2, the 9c THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 21 days' test. It was optional with any breed that had participated in Tests Nos. i, 2 and 3 to enter this test. The Guernseys decided not to enter any heifers. The rules were amended by Chief Buchanan on the ground of economy (the tests having cost the World's Columbian Exposition up to that time over $70,000), by which the length of the test was curtailed to 21 days. The churning in the dairy was dispensed with ; the fat was ascertained by the Babcock oil test, in the laboratory, under the immediate supervision of Prof. Farrington, and the butter was estimated therefrom, en a basis of So per cent, oil in the butter, and the solids other than butter fat were ascer- tained by analysis of the whole milk. The same values of feed ruled as in Test No. 3, and like precau- tions were taken as in former tests to prevent any feed being improperly given to the heifers. The same precautions as in the past v/ere taken to insure accuracy in weighing the milk, in sampling the same, and in retaining samples of milk under seal until analyzed. As there was no butter to score, all the estimated butter was credited at the fixed price of 40 cents per pound, and the solids, other than butter fat, at the rate of $2.00 per hundred pounds. The heifers were to be less than three years old on Sept. i, 1893, and each breed was limited to not less than five head, nor could they enter more than ten. None of the Jersey heifers calved at the barns in this case, and, with the exception of Campania, No. 2 in the test, none of them had been especially prepared for the same. Appended to this report is a table giving the weights of the Jerseys for the first five and the last five days of the test, the gain in live weight, and the value of such gain at the rate of 4^^ cents per pound ; also the like information for the Short-Horns. The Short-Horns made the unprecedented average gain of three pounds per head per day, equal in value to 13I2 cents per day, the total value of the Short-Horn gain in weight being $2.88 per head, to ilo.964 of the Jerseys ; so that the Jersey heifers had each to make, practically out of butter, nearly nine cents a day to equal the increase in live weight of the Short-Horns, and where the quantity of product, owing to the immaturity of the animals, is much less than in the case of mature cows. This was no small task to accomplish ; but, as will be seen hereafter, the Jerseys again led in c'"3ry respect, except in increase in live weight. There were seven Jerseys in this test, and but six Short-Horns, so that in making any comparison it is necessary to take the averages per head for the purpose. MILK. The Jerseys averaged 479.5 lbs. milk per head, to 430.1 lbs. of the Short-Horns. The daily average per head of the Jerseys was 22.83 lbs. Five of the Jerseys averaged 24.48 lbs. per head per day. FAT IN MILK. The quantity of fat in the milk of the Jerseys gave an average of 22.19 ^^s. and that of the Short- Horns 16.31 lbs. BUTTER. The Jerseys gave of estimated butter 27.75 lbs. per head, and the Short-Horns 20.39 lbs. The daily average production per head of the Jerseys was 1.32 lbs., and of the Short-Horns 0.97 lbs. The Jersey, Lily Garfield, barely two years old, averaged over i^.£ lbs. per day, and one day made 1.98 lbs. VALUES. The value of the butter and solids not fat of the Jerseys gave an average of value per head to the Jerseys of $11,098, to $8,158 for the Short-Horns, or a daily average per head to the Jerseys of 52 cents, and to the Short-Horns of 38 cents, without taking into consideration increase in live weight. When the cost of feed is deducted it gives an average net profit to the Jerseys per head of $7,075, and to the Short- Horns of $5,023, or a daily average per head to the Jerseys of $0,337, ^"d to the Short- Horns of $0,239. ^^t when the value of increase in live weight at 43^2 cents per pound is added, the Short- 22 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Horns show their true breed characteristic, and cut down this profit, so that in the final summing up the average net profit per head of the Jerseys is $8,039, ^"d of the Short Horns $7,903. The object of this test was to show the profitable production which young cows can give, and certainly in this instance that object was attained. The following awards were made by the World's Columbian Exposition : (a) For the individual heifer of eac/i breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the Breed. Owner. Net Profit. Jersey Lily Garfield 79819 Estate of F. Billings, Woodstock, Vt $11,220 10.970 I. C Thornton & Sons {b) For the individual heifer of any breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test : Jersey — Lily Garfield 79819. (c) For the five heifers in each breed competing which yielded the greatest net profit during the test: Jerseys. Owner. Net Profit. l8t. Lily Garfield 79819 Est. of P. Billings. Woodstock, Vt Aaron O. Aiiten, Jerseyville, 111 Est. of F. Billings, Woodstock, Vt Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Total $11,320 2d. Jeannette of Pittsford 7.3185 8.685 8.653 7.901 5th. Elturia 80701 7.219 $43,678 Short-Horns. Owner. Net Profit. I. C. Thornton & Sons $10,970 2d. Fancy l.'ith I. C. Thornton & Sons 9.374 W. W. Waltman 8.275 4th 4th Belle of Trowbridge C. Lovett 7.510 C. Lovett 5.901 Total $42,030 {d) For the five heifers in any breed compreting which yielded the greatest net profit during the test: Breed. Name op Cow. Owner. tj C 1. ^ o <&> Ist. Jersey 2d. Short-Horn. 3d. " " . 4th. Jersey 5th. " , Lily Garfield 79819 Estate of Fred'k Billings. Miss Rennick 24th ll. C. Thornton & Sons. . . . Fancy 15th 11. C. Thornton & Sons — Jeannette of Pittsford 73185 Aaron O. Auten Woodstock Mystery 77746 Estate of F. Billings $11,220 10.970 9.374 8.685 8.653 $10,365 7.460 6.584 7.785 7.438 (f) For the i^r^f^/ which yielded the greatest net profit during the test — Jerseys. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 23 HIGH CHARACTER AND IMPARTIALITY OF TESTS. It will thus be seen, from a careful perusal of the facts above enumerated, and especially the figures (which are official, which are beyond peradventure, and which will be quoted for years to come as those of the greatest tests that the world has ever seen), that the Jersey has proved, beyond cavil or doubt, her su- periority in all these tests — tests which were more prolonged, covered more ground, settled more points in dairying, handling of cattle, feeding, and the relative merits of the breeds, than has ever been done in the past. To myself, it is a matter of great gratification that the Jerseys have proved that the claims that have been made by those who had confidence in them were well founded, and that they were, as we have always claimed them to be, the greatest and most economical producers, both at the churn and the cheese-vat. This was a fair test, under strict rules, supervised by experts of national reputation in the dairy world, of unquestioned probity, of well-known ability and experience, such men as Prof. S. M. Babcock of the Wis- consin Experiment Station, I. P. Roberts of Cornell University, H. P. Armsby of the State College of Pennsylvania, and Prof. M. A. Scovell of Kentucky Experiment Station, chairman of the Testing Com- mittee. The fact that these gentlemen gave an active and personal supervision to this matter is sufficient to warrant the confidence that has everywhere been inspired as to the high character and accuracy of the work that would be and was performed. THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION PART. But few have any idea of the magnitude of these tests. The World's Columbian Exposition expended the enormous sum of $73,096.42 net, in conducting these tests and making preparations for same. They established a store-house for all the feed to be fed the cows in the tests, as well as for those not in the tests. They had a purchasing agent for the purpose of buying such feed as was required, a set of men to cut up hay and attend to the proper distribution of this feed, and each barn was charged, merely as a check, with the feed taken out by them. I desire to say that none of the difficulties we had to contend with in the absence of cured clover in the spring, and later green clover or fodder, can be properly laid to the door of the Exposition authorities, as Chief Buchanan and those he represented did everything in their power to overcome the obstacles and disadvantages of a test conducted in a city, and in the World's Fair grounds, distant as it was from any market that could provide green fodder. They spared no expense in their efforts to meet the demands of the case, even sending their fodder agent into different States convenient to Chicago, for the purpose of endeavoring to procure a supply of green fodder continuously. The best, and in fact- the only, arrange- ments they could make to have green clover shipped to us were in Wisconsin. This was at a point one hundred miles distant from Chicago. To insure the arrival of the clover at the Exposition grounds in the best condition possible, special arrangements were made with the railroads. Large refrigerator cars, simi- lar to those used for shipping dressed meat, were sent to the point of shipment ; the clover was cut in the morning, loaded on the afternoon of the same day, the car attached to a passenger train and brought to the city, and specially switched into the Exposition grounds, where an engine was always standing ready to switch it to the dairy barns, where it was at once unloaded rapidly and spread upon the floor. Both open and tight cars v/ere used in transit. Experiments were made by storing it at the dairy barns in tight box-stalls and spreading it on the floor with straw as a layer. Notwithstanding all these efforts and the expense incident to such methods, it was not a success as a feed, as it sweated in transit, notwithstanding all precautions, and when exposed to the atmosphere wilted rapidly and became black. SILAGE. Chief Buchanan had two large silos filled with 400 tons of silage. The spring of the year in which the corn was planted was wet and late. In consequence, when it had to be cut to avoid frost, it was too green. It had to be transported on cars a considerable distance, was delayed en rottte, and was soaked with rain. 24 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Under these circumstances, production of a good class of silage could not be looked for, and in conse- quence it was of very little value to us as a feed. BARNS. The Exposition provided most comfortable barns, six in number, as that represented the number of breeds that they finally expected to compete in the tests. The Jersey barn was two stories high, 120 ft. in length and 50 ft. in width. The building was plastered on the outside. The first floor was ceiled, both walls and ceiling, with tongued-and-grooved planed pine. The cows stood tail to tail, with an alley 20 ft. in width between them, on platforms raised nine inches. A gutter ran the full length of the stable (with an incline to carry off liquid manure), which was coated Avith a hard " pilch." There v/ere no partitions be- tween the cows, back of the mangers. There were five box-stalls for calving cows, but they proved inade- quate, and subsequently one of the other barns, which was not in use, was changed into a calving barn, where many of the cows calved ; but it was required for the laboratory and offices of the Testing Committee at a later date, so we were obliged to vacate same early in April. In the latter barn were also stables for keeping calves. The box-stalls as erected in the barn proper were too small, and we lost two calves by cows lying on them, owing to the cramped space. In the centre of the alley running the length of the barn between the cows was placed a tank, for the purpose of feeding the Buckley water-troughs with water, by which each cow was given all the water she required. In the Jersey barn two chimneys had been built, so that we were able to keep the temperature com- fortable for the cows through the winter. This was necessary, as many of the cows came from Southern States. From the time of the beginning of the tests the World's Columbian Exposition provided the feed Up to that time each breed provided its own feed. The feed so furnished included that of any cows that were not in the tests, and also the feed for such calves as remained after the tests began. The feed was put in boxes and placed upon the floor in front of the cows, and, when the test began, boxes were placed in front of the feed-troughs, with partitions between the cows, to prevent one from steal- ing from the other. Directly against the wall, in front of the cows, were' placed feed-bins, to hold feed during the test, with locks and keys ; but this was believed to place too much liberty in the hands of the superintendents of the breeds, and all the feed, except such as was locked up in the ceiled room before re- ferred to, was kept in a barn especially for that purpose, presided over by a forage agent, with employees in the pay and directly under the control of the World's Columbian Exposition. Large, double drive-doors were placed at each end of the barns, and side-doors to get into the space in from of the cows. An office was provided upstairs, also sleeping accommodations for all the employees. These rooms were very comfortable, and were constructed in the loft, which was large and spacious, the floor of which was laid with planed pine. Chief Buchanan did everything in his power to make every person conducting these tests as comfortable as circumstances would permit. It was his earnest wish that the cows should have as fair a chance as was possible under the surrounding conditions, and no money nor pains were spared to attain that end. VISITORS. Visitors to barns were admitted only upon the authority of the superintendent of each barn. Admis- sion to our barn was obtained by passes issued to every member of the A. J. C. Club, and to such other Jersey breeders as applied by letter to me or to Mr. D. H. Jenkins, the secretary of the commiUee, and wherever any Jersey breeder was known to be such, admittance was never refused him. The number of people ap- plying, however, daily ran into hundreds, and often thousands ; and it must have occurred that admission v/as inadvertently refused to Jersey breeders who should have been admitted, owing to the guards refus- ing same, or to the fact that, owing to other duties, it was not always possible to investigate as to whether those seeking admission were breeders or not ; and as the majority of applicants, at times over 1,000 a THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 2$ day, claimed lo be Jersey breeders, it was necessary to investigate to ascertain the accuracy of such as- sertions. LABORATORY AND OFFICES. The laboratory and offices of the Testing Committee were fitted up very comfortably. There was a large room in which all the analyzing of the milk was done, as also the running of the Babcock oil tests, of which there were several, and every appliance necessary for that purpose was provided. An adjacent room, with all necessary appliances, was fitted up for the analyzing of the butter. This work was under the immediate direction of Prof. E. H. Farrington, with competent assistants, principally students from the agricultural colleges and experiment stations. Of these there were generally three or four at work. A large and comfortable room was provided for the daily meetings of the Testing Committee, and an adjacent one for the accountants who kept the books and records, of whom there were generally four em- ployed. The balance of the building was devoted, one room for washing up the pails and dairy utensils, and the other portions fitted up into rooms for the sleeping accommodations of the representatives of the committee who supervised the weighing of the milk at milkings, and the feeding of the cows. Janitors were provided by the Exposition, both for the barns and for the laboratory and offices. The office work was under the immediate supervision of Prof. Scovell as chairman, who was there nearly all the time, and Prof. Armsby at such times as he was there, but, owing to sickness in his family, the latter was not present as much of the time as I know he desired to be. Ah four representatives of the agricultural colleges and experiment stations assisted each other in this work, especially in all- proof-read- ing, calculations and computations. DAIRY. Dr. Babcock took charge of this work nearly the whole period of the tests. In his absence Prof Roberts took his place. A head cheese-maker and two assistants M'ere employed during the fifteen days of the cheese test, also janitors. During the 90 and 30 days' tests a head butter-maker, with two assistants, and janitors were employed. Mr. W. H. Gilbert was the superintendent of the dairy, but the work was left largely to the Testing Committee. The dairy and facilities in same were not such as tended to produce good butter. The temperature of the room was altogether too high, and no adequate means of cooling the same were provided. But it gave to the Jersey breed an opportunity of showing its characteristic in its cream, inasmuch as, under these disadvantageous circumstances, the scoring of the butter shows that its solidity was very marked. As I have before remarked, the facilities for the retention of the cream, as such, and the butter after it was made, did not do justice to any of the breeds, and especially to a delicately- flavored butter, such as that of the Jersey. I know that an effort was made to remedy the excessive glare which caused the heat by stretching gauze across the building, to prevent the rays of the sun having such direct effect, but it was not successful. QUALIFICATION OF COWS FOR TESTS. I stated in my former report that in my judgment cows should be of a placid disposition, and I think it is too apparent to need any argument. That the cows of the Jersey herd possessed quiet dispositions, and the characteristic of adapting themselves to their surroundings as far as possible, was, I think, appar- ent to every person visiiing the barns during the tests. I also 'Stated that I preferred cows from five to nine years of age. There were cows chosen for the tests exceeding the latter age, but, as the summer wore on, under the strain to which each cow in every barn was subjected, it was m.ore and more apparent that, had they been younger, they would have with- stood their disadvantages better, and would have done better in the tests. In my judgment it was essentially necessary that the cows should be deep milkers. I conceived that, under the disadvantageous circumstances that surrounded them here, confined as they were and practically 26 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. without green food, subjected to sudden changes of climate, to the disturbing element of constant visitors, away from their homes and changed wholly from the natural conditions that surrounded them there, no cow of any breed would show anything like the same richness in her milk, and that it was necessary, for this reason, to have a large flow of milk, which could be more readily procured under the circumstances than could richness. The results of the tests demonstrated that such preconceived ideas were correct, and 1 am satisfied that, had we confined ourselves to cows of abnormal richness without a considerable flow of milk, our efforts would not have met with the success they did. Reference to the figures in the tables clearly demonstrate that the cows that succeeded best, not only in the Jersey herd, but among the Short- Horns and Guernseys, were generally deep milkers. I also stated that in my judgment it was necessary to have cows of good constitution. I appre- ciated many of the difficulties that we had to encounter, as I conceived them ; but t was not prepared to meet the very changeable weather which we had to contend with through a great portion of the tests. It was my expectation that we would have been provided with green fodder, which could be fed to the cattle fresh every day, and that it would not have been necessary for us to carry them, many from February through to October, upon practically dry feed. No green fodder of any sort was provided for us until the 14th of June, when we were furnished with the green cut clover brought from Wisconsin before referred to. The supply often lasted for three days, and, for the reasons previously stated, it did not have the beneficial effect that pasture, or cut clover fresh from' the farm and fed to the cattle, would have had. At best, it was but a corrective. It did not affect the richness of the milk, nor the flow of same, to any appreciable extent, as grass generally does; so that I claim we practically carried our cows on dry feed from the time they calved until they left the barns for their homes, a most difficult task, and one that entailed great risk to the co'.vs themselves, and grave responsibilities and anxieties to those in charge; and that such conditions were not followed by more disastrous results than were the case, I think is to be attributed to the character of the grain that was fed, and to the watchfulness that was ever on the alert to discover the slightest signs of danger, and by experience, skill and nursing, avert it as far as possible. Under these circumstances it was absolutely necessary that our cows should be possessed of un- commonly good constitutions. In this connection I may remark that I think the cows from the Southern States suffered more than those from the North, and that the confinement to cows that were in the habit of roaming the pastures practically the year through, and of having access at nearly all times to at least a little green feed, as is the case with most cows in the extreme Southern States, was more prejudicial than to those from the North and East. I have stated that it was my aim to obtain, as far as possible, cows of a capacity of 3 lbs. a day at home, under favorable conditions. But I stated, before I accepted this position, to the chairman of your committee, as also to the lale Maj. Campbell Brown, that if a herd could be procured that would average 2 lbs. a day, or very close to it, to the end of the go days' test, I would be satisfied with the work that would be done, and that I knew no breed could surpass such production. The records will show that this was practically accomplished, although when I made that the basis of my calculation I fully expected that we would have placed at our disposal cured clover hay, and later a daily fresh supply of either green fod- der corn or green cut hay; and if we had been in possession of such, there is no doubt in my mind that we would have averaged higher per cow than 2 lbs. per day. Any cow, especially one that is very highly bred, is a creature of habit, and very sensitive, and anything that disturbs that habitude does so at the expense of production. The changing of cows that have remained in stalls for any length of time to others will decrease the flow of milk and production of butter, often for a week, and very often it will be two weeks before they will approach the yield they gave before such change was made ; and it is a well-known fact that wherever decreases of that nature take place, the return s seldom up to exactly as high a mark as before. We had that experience one time THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 2/ during the test, at the time the partition between the cows was erected. We had twenty-three cows on the west side of the barn, Nos. i to 23, and two cows on the east side, Nos. 24 and 25. When it was desired to place all our test cows on one side, we took down a box-L.all to the north of where cow No. i stood, making two stalls in its place. Instead of placing Nos. 24 and 25 in these two stalls, we moved all the twenty-three cows up two sfUs, so that our cows might come in the order of their numbers, and put Nos. 24 and 25 in the stalls formerly occupied by Nos. 22 and 23. " A drop of between 35 and 40 lbs. oc- curred from such change, and lasted through twenty-four hours, and I am satisfied it would have taken from a week to ten days to bring them back. But when they were changed back to their old places again, it took only two days to get them back to their normal work. All persons familiar with practical dairying know what the result of a change of milkers is with the flow of milk. Climatic influences also made great changes. Much to my surprise, I found by observation that when the temperature rose to an uncomfortable degree for the human being, in the summer, it acted very favorably to the production of milk in the cow, and to the richness of same. When we had three or four days of such continued weather, oppressively hot to the human being, it was favorable to the cows ; but if such warm weather was accompanied by great humidity, it was prejudicial to both flow of milk and percentage of butter fat. Cool, bright weather for one or two days would not decrease the flow ; but if it lasted three or four days it had a tendency to decrease both that and the percentage of butter fat. While we endeavored to accustom our cows to visitors, and while apparently a moderate number of visitors per day did not affect them, yet I found that the days in which we had fewest visitors, the weather not being prejudicial, we had the best production, and that a large number of visitors decreased the flow of milk. I think it is the case at home on the farm, as far as I have observed, that where there is a decrease in the flow of milk there is an increase in richness, so that the increased fat generally nearly equals the decrease in milk. But it was a noticeable feature of these tests that anything which decreased the flow oj milk also decreased the butter fat, so that on the days that we had a smaller' flow of milk we also had a less percentage of butter fat. The effect of visitors, noise and confusion was very noticeable immediately the live stock exhibit was placed in the barns. There was a material decrease in products, caused by the increased number of visitors, and by the fact that we had large, heavy draft-horses in the barn adjoining us, which were worried by flies and themselves disturbed, and so disturbed the cows nearly all night. I know at first they certainly disturbed me, because I was up three or four times every night, believing something was wrong in the barn. Everything was done by me that my judgment suggested to get the cows back to their flow, until I was satisfied that the whole trouble arose from the increase of visitors and the increased noise and disturbance. After the live stock returned home, the cows again improved in. milk, demonstrating the accuracy of the conclusions reached. I found the best way to keep down the flies, which swarmed in thousands, was to use sticky fly- paper, and waged an incessant warfare against the flies by the use of such paper. Different ''washes" were used on the cows, but with no good results. After considerable difficulty and delay, screens were procured for the windows, and swinging screen-doors. This, however, should have been done prior to the flies becoming so prevalent, and in the early spring I made a request to Chief Buchanan for wire screens and wire screen-doors, which were promised by him to me, and in turn were promised to him by the proper authorities ; but there was so much work to be done that it was delayed until late. YIELD PRODUCED. I am satisfied that the yield made here was not as large by twenty-five per cent, as the same cows would have done at home on the farms, under the same supervision, were the same amount of thought, attention and anxiety to obtain results displayed, and with the cows in as good a condition for good production as they were in here. And this opinion is not confined to myself, but was the belief of the chair- man and every member of the Testing Committee with whom I discussed this matter. From a careful 28 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. observation of the cows I am satisfied that of those who came from Eastern climates, and especiol y those from the South, many did not become acclimated during the entire period they remained here, and many not for months. Again, some of our best cows did not get into the tests owing to the fact that it was an off year, and there were others that were distinctly home-sick, and among these some cows from which I expected great results. They would not give milk, but, notwithstanding all the feed we would give them, they became thin, were dejected, and yet were in perfect health. I am satisfied, too, from past experience, that, with as careful and gradual preparation to assimilate food as the cows in these tests had, larger quantities of food could have been fed them at home on the farm, with an increased butter-production fol- lowing, but could not here. PRODUCTION AT WORLD'S FAIR AND AT HOME. Those who have been at the barn, and who know what we had to contend with, will readily realize that I am within the mark when I repeat that the production of the majority of the cows was not within 20 to 25 per cent, of what they would have done at home. And if proof of such assertion were wanting, it is found in the following facts : I received letters from a few breeders during the progress of the 90 days' test who believed they had cows that would do far better at Chicago than those we had in the herd, basing their opinion upon what such animals were doing at home ; and they were justified in arriving at such a decision from the premises before them. Believing that such cows would be an aid to the test and to the cause, with that public spirit which has animated Jersey breeders in this matter, they offered these cows for the tests. I corresponded with these gentlemen, and, while recognizing the fact from the yields that were reported to me, details of which were carefully given, that these cows were doing better than those we had at Jackson Park, I suggested to them that it did not follow that the cows under discussion could repeat their performance here ; that the change from the home farm to Jackson Park would act prejudi- cially to them ; that they had to become acclimated ; that they would suffer from the ill-effects of visit. 'rs, from the absence of good and green feed, and from the other disadvantageous circumstances surrounding them ; but that I believed,, if they would bring their cows, even at home, to as near the condition they would be in at Chicago as possible, they would find a material falling-off ; and I suggested to them to isolate the cows from the rest of the herd, tie them up for seven days, have the same man milk and attend to them who had heretofore performed these duties, feed them as they considered would be most beneficial to them in grain feed, and give them whatever green cut grass (this was in June and July) they thought desirable, and, after they had been so tied up for seven days, test them for the next seven days by the oil test, and keep accurate records of their flow of milk. There were six cows so treated under my sugges- tions, and of these but one retained the flow of milk and butter-production of the preceding few weeks. The others decreased in flow from 20 to 30 per cent., and decreased in percentage of butter at least one per cent. As I stated before, I believe the cows from the Southern States, where they were in the habit of nving the pastures practically the year through, and having some green grass to nibble, suffered most, those from the Eastern States next, and those from the West least, because they were in the habit of being tied up for months ; but we had in our herd two cows from a farm where I am told it is the custom to keep the cows tied up all the year through, and not allow them to go out to pasture, but to feed them in the barn, and these two cows maintained nearer the home production than any other two cows we had, and I think, if I am not mistaken, that one did better than she had ever done at home. I think our flow of milk more nearly approximated the home production, but with such cows as we had, and fed as they were, we ought to have had a richer product — i. e., a higher percentage of butter fat. It certainly was not the fault of the breed that we did not have it. I question if it was the fault of the feeding or care. But I, in common with others who have watched this matter very closely, am con- vinced that it was the change of life and surroundings which decreased the percentage of butter fat. Had these tests been conducted upon a farm within reach of Chicago, where the cattle would have had access to pasture, and where they could have had proper exercise, far better results ought to have been attained. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 29 I found the cows did better when not let out for exercise at all. All through the winter months I had the cows exercised on the floor daily, and in the early spring, before the flies came, had them exer- cised out of doors. But after that it was impossible to do so, as the flies drove them nearly wild when out, and they brought swarms of flies in with them. Had we been able to continue the exercise every day, I have no doubt it would have helped them ; but I found that turning the cows out occasionally, as we did, was followed by a decrease in the flow of milk and percentage of butter fat, on the general principle that it was disturbing the habitude of the cows. The wisdom of bringing all the cows here to calve has been amply justified. I have always believed that the ability for milking between calvings is fixed in the first thirty to forty-five days after each such event, and that to produce a good flow of milk the cows must be especially fed in that period to produce that result, beginning with such food in small quantities, fed moist or as a " slop," and gradually increased. Too great anxiety leading to over-crowding in the early part of lactation will be most prejudicial to the cow until her next calving, and my preconceived ideas on this subject were borne out by my experience in these tests. Had the majority of the cows not been brought here before calving, this habit could not have been fixed for this test, except it were done at home ; and in bringing them here it would probably have caused a very large decrease in flow, which, with very rare exceptions, could not have been regained. Of all the cows which went through Tests Nos. i and 2, but one had calved at home, Gay Orphan, and I doubt not, from careful records furnished of her previous work, that she would have done much better had she calved here. In Test No. 3, of the ten cows that were especially brought here for that purpose, and that had calved at home, but three went into the test, viz. ; Stoke Pogis' Regina (which did extremely well, and which I regret we did not have for the go days' test), Katherine of Pittsford and Cupid's Jersey Maid. PRICE OF BUTTER. A good deal has been said upon the subject of the price of butter, and that it was too high. I be- lieve that the price of butter as given in the schedules was too low, regard being had to the quality of the butter. But whether too high or too low, it was the price fixed by Chief Buchanan, based upon the whole- sale price of a fine article of butter in the markets of New York, Boston and Chicago, and assented to by all the breeds prior to the tests beginning. The price of feed was regulated upon the same basis. I have noticed that those who claimed that the price of butter was too high, and based their assertions upon the market price in the West, have carefully abstained from asserting that the price of feed as charged was too high. Yet a revision of the price of feed, based upon the Western prices for fodder, would make a consider- able reduction in the cost of feed ; and it is manifestly unfair to claim that the price of the butter should be scaled down to a Western price, while the price of feed should be maintained to a basis equal to an average between the West and East. This test was for the purpose of demonstrating not only the capacity of cows and breeds, but also as an educator in the production of a high class of butter ; and any person keeping his cows and his stable in absolutely as clean and sweet a condition as was the case here, producing in accord- ance with the character of the feed fed here a milk absolutely as clean and carefully aerated, and bulter made by Ai butter-makers, can and will always find a market the whole year through for the product of as many cows as were in this test, at a higher market price than was allowed for this butter. There is too much indifferent butter on the market, and an Ai article, produced with the same cleanliness, and made with the same skill that was demonstrated here, will always command a price in excess of that at which the butter was credited to the various breeds. I would, however, beg that those who judge the character of the butter in these tests by the score as made by the experts, comparing it with the scores as given to the butter on exhibition, will not be deceived as to the character of the former, or believe that it was inferior in any way to the exhibited butter, because it was not. It is a question of the application of the score-card, and the scoring of such of the prize butter as was sold on the Elgin market demonstrates the accuracy of my assertions. 30 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. YIELD OF MILK. The milking of the Jersey cows in the herd as a whole was most satisfactory, considering the conditions. The statistics upholding my assertion are to be found in the tables in another part of this report. YIELD OF BUTTER. Notwithstanding all the disadvantageous circumstances for the production of a large quantity of but- ter, there were individual yields at various times that indicate the capacity of the Jerseys under favorable •conditions. Some of the statistics bearing this out are in the accompanying tables. FEED. The composition of feed in these tests had to be regulated to a certain extent with reference to the cost of the component parts of same. Had the price of oats permitted it, I would have preferred to have fed more largely of them than I did. While the price of corn-hearts, as compared with corn meal, favored a cheaper production, it was not this consideration alone that induced me to feed them. It was the fact that we had a long test before us, that we had no prospect of being able to procure a supply of green feed, and for these reasons I preferred corn-hearts to corn meal. In a shorter test, where yield alone is to be considered, a larger amount of butter can, in my judgment, be produced on corn meal than on corn-hearts. We were not able to maintain as high feeding in middlings towards the end of the test as in the beginning, as the gluten in the middlings tended towards impaction, one of the greatest difficulties we had to contend with. I was unable to discover any special merit in cream gluten or grano-gluten. When the cows were stall fed, as was the case in all these tests, I found they did best when the cured clover or timothy was cut up into lengths of about three-quarters of an inch. I also found that the cows digested the grain feed better when it had been dampened with hot water and allowed to stand, as the food thus heated has been partially prepared for digestion, and the cow has been saved the labor to that extent. " Steaming," had it been possible, would have been preferable. When any material change in feed was made, no effect was produced in the first twenty-four hours, but in the following twenty-four hours there was a falling-off in product ; on the third or fourth day, accord- ing to the extent of the change made, the beneficial effect, if any were to follow, was shown. It was clearly demonstrated that radical changes in feed should be seldom made, and that any increase that may be de- sired must be done very gradually, and in small quantities. I am more than ever convinced that, with patience and skill, cows can be educated to assimilate profitably a large quantity of grain feed, and that, if the composition of same is judicious, no ill effect will follow. This was so marked in the 90 days' test that it was possible to calculate the increase in product that might be reasonably expected, and was almost always produced, by a given increase in feed. That continuous and heavy feeding can be indulged in without injury, if coupled with discretion in administering it, is shown by the fact that not a single cow that went through all three tests had her udder in any way injured (except Hugo's Countess, and that was an accident, in no way traceable to feed), and that every owner of these cows from whom I have heard reports them as doing extremely well, and as be- ing sound. CHARACTER OF THE HERDS. A good deal has been said of the high character of the Jersey herd competing, and that it would be an impossibility to duplicate such a herd. It cannot be denied that in individual merit, in appearance, in udder, and in all that goes to make up a perfect type of dairy cow the cows at Jackson Park wereof a very high order. But there are many equally as good, if not better, cows in the country, that we expected would have been available for this test, but which were not, for the following reason : they were bred by their owners to calve in the latter part of March or early in April, and many of them had been held for THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 3: that purpose for some time. As is often the case, they failed to hold, and consequently were not available for our purposes. Again, out of some 250 cows that I was especially requested to examine, over twenty had died of milk fever between the time the members of the committee had seen them and my visit to the farms where they had been. I am not in a position to judge positively whether the Short-Horn Association and the Guern- sey Cattle Club had as good specimens as it was possible to obtain under the circumstances, although I think I am in as good a position to form a conclusion on those subjects as they are to form their conclusions as to whether it would be possible for us to produce a better herd. I do not believe that all the good Jer- sey cows of the country were in the Jersey herd. In fact, I am satisfied that, under certain conditions, a better herd could be produced. I believe that the Short-Horns had as fair samples of their breed as it was possible for them to obtain. I do know that the superintendent of that breed informed me early in March, 1S93, that he had more cows selected for the tests than he desired, and that he was then undergo- ing the process of weeding out. I believe that the Guernseys had as fair representation of their breed as it was possible to obtain, and I am convinced the superior performance of the Jersey, the superior individ- uality of the cows in point of dairy excellence, in conformation, in udder, and, in general, all that goes to make up a great dairy cow, were not alone owing to the individual excellence of these cows, but to the superiority of the breed. I believe all the breeds had fair representative animals, and that, were this test to be done over again, the results could not be relatively changed. The truth is, a superior breed to the Jersey, in all that goes to make a perfect dairy cow, in conformation, and in excellence of work at the pail, churn and cheese-vat, does not exist ; and before the Jersey cow can be deposed from the proud position she had heretofore attained, and which this test does nothing more than confirm in the most unmistakable manner, anew breed of dairy cows must be created. But, unless I mistake the character, the intelligence and the enterprise of Jersey breeders, the type of the Jersey cow as she is to-day will have advanced to a still higher pinnacle before another breed to equal the Jersey cow of to-day is produced. The dairying public, the members of the American Jersey Cattle Club, and Jersey breeders gener- ally, are under many obligations to the agricultural colleges and experiment stations for the interest they took in this work, and for the appointment of such skilled, fair and impartial gentlemen as were chosen to represent them in these tests. They all devoted themselves to the work with the single aim of conducting the tests in such a manner as would best carry out the rules, and never displayed the slightest prejudice whatever in favor of either one breed or the other. They were always found at their posts of duty, and it is to their efforts that so perfect a system of blanks and records, and the carrying out of same in detail, were due. They have the satisfaction of knowing that, through their aid and assistance, one of the most perfect, most prolonged, most severe and most impartial tests was made that has ever been conducted in the world. Personally I feel under obligations to them for the encouragement they always held out, and for the universal courtesy and kindness they ever extended to me. With the broad minds that have characterized the World's Columbian Exposition authorities in all matters pertaining to this great exposition, they approached this matter in the broadest and most liberal way, never hesitating to spend money where objects were to be attained, and never sparing themselves any labor or trouble where the end seemed to justify the means. To them all dairymen, in this country and in others, are indebted for making such a test possible. I desire to return my sincere thanks to the President, to the Executive Committee, to the chairman and your committee, to members of the Club, and to Jersey breeders throughout the length and breadth of this country, for the universal courtesy ever extended to me, and for the aid they were always ready to proffer to me in this matter. We were all working for one common cause, the retention of the Jersey cow on the high pinnacle she had been placed. The members of the Club and Jersey breeders have done nobly in the matter, and if, through any effort of mine, as faulty as it has been, I have helped but slightly to attain results that are gratifying and satisfactory to you, I am amply repaid. ,32 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 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RECORDS OF JERSEY COWS AND GUERNSEY AND SHORT-HORN HERDS IN TEST NO. 2-90 DAYS' TEST. Jekseys. M S 1 o 00 Value of Productt). ^ o o £5 .ss o o O o O ^S I5 Name and. Herd Register No. of Cow. i fc 3° 1 Sheba Rex 47439 Natasqua 65598 lbs. .3383.3 3463.9 3334.5 2666.4 3070.0 3384.1 1 *583.9 "(3531.8 2745 3 2175.9 3043 1 2653.7 2330.3 3038 2 3634 3520.3 2064 3543.9 3448.3 2677.8 3041.2 2984.4 3190.6 2344.4 2690.4 3266.2 lbs. 156.83 132.89 138.61 136.43 146.46 145.22 *28 87 119.16 129.70 114.21 139.93 132.27 120.64 145.45 178.12 135.11 ( 76.14 1 1 *32.06 \ 157.85 164.28 127.63 164.81 154 97 136.30 121.03 131.19 159.93 lbs. 190.617 161.522 168.538 165.777 178.066 176.394 *35.648 144.231 157.697 138.973 170.094 160.804 146.619 176.751 216.640 164.237 119.284 191.894 103.756 155.131 200 517 188 373 165.601 147.009 159.447 194.400 lbs. 286.445 222.695 279.941 239.386 273.473 285.627 *50.948 273.354 249.029 193.581 268.253 341.561 306.176 264.631 316.936 299.292 181 114 314.484 298.656 3.33.960 367.459 263.423 276.810 208.580 240.038 282.145 lbs. 300.43 233.59 293.70 251.11 286.87 298.80 *53.12( 253.13 f 261.17 202.92 281.39 353.34 216.27 277.60 332.41 313.92 190 09 329.85 313 26 244.35 280.67 276.32 290.34 218.99 251.79 295.97 6689.26 *6781.53 S83.620 70.441 74.531 72.523 78. 362 77.776 78.737 69.505 60.878 74.910 70 574 64.059 77.495 95.104 73.137 52.160 84.752 87.782 68.104 87.377 82.289 73.187 64 240 70.053 85.075 $58,775 49.363 50.737 49.157 54.383 53.741 56.111 46.756 41.608 51.640 46.801 43.703 53.080 69.593 47.981 31.584 59.360 60.657 45,880 63.986 58.855 48.810 41.895 47.154 58.663 $61,610 50.983 52 537 53.567 59.243 55.181 56.111 49.816 39.358 50.695 49.051 39.508 56.500 73.238 50.996 31.134 60.745 64.167 46.060 64.536 59.035 50.430 41.220 48.279 60.103 $0 013 010 .011 .011 .012 .012 013 .010 .009 .011 .010 .010 .012 .014 .011 .008 .013 .013 .010 .013 .012 .011 .010 .010 .013 $61,597 50.973 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Exile's Lulu 49984 Albert's Gem 34006 Islip Lenox 31703 Little Goldie 38671 Alteration 56436 Justa Pogis 64863 Gay Orphan 25985 Sayda 3d 17317 53.536 53 556 59.831 55.169 56.099 49 806 39.349 50 684 11 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 32 23 24 25 Pearl of Riverside 55659 Lorita 33750 Flora Temple 3d 40086. . Brown Bessie 74997. . . . Lily Martin 49954 Annice Magnet 60256. . . Hugo's Countess 68394. . Ida Marigold 33615 Daisy Hinman 61537 Merry Maiden 64949 Romp's Princess 51185. . Signal Q,ueen 30869 Grace Pansy 2d 18764. Princess Honoria 62548 . Baroness Argyle 40498 . . 49.041 39.498 56.488 73.334 50.985 31.126 60.732 64.154 46.050 64.. 513 59 023 50.419 41.210 48.369 60.090 Totals ( 73904 9 1 *73488.8 3465.15 *3516.08 4238.362 *4274.010 6414.101 *6465.049 Total values . $1876.671 $1389.173 $1324.093 $0,381 $1333.812 5621.80 *5715.72 Gttehnset j Totals ( 60768.5 1 *61781.7 2736.45 *27&4.56 3;303..590 *3360.431 5501.438 ^^°- 1 Total values. . $1465.464 $981,333 $997,748 $0,109 $997,639 6015.22 Shokt-Horn ( Totals 66263.3 2409.97 2890.869 5750.83 I Ierd. j Total values.. S1286.789 $785,000 $911,135 $1,018 $910,117 * Amounts credited to sick cows " off the test," under Rule 10, or the totals where such credit is added. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 41 The following is the ranking of the 74 cows of all breeds that took part in the test, from two standpoints — Column i, with increase of live weight added, as provided by the rules of the test; and Column 2, without increase of live weight being taken into consideration: EECOEDS OF ALL COWS IN TEST NO. 2-90 DAYS' TEST. (1) Columbian Rules, With Live Weight. (2) Dairyman's Rules, Without Live Weight. Breed. 6 «4-l . r. ^2 ^S3 Ol w fL, 0^ Breed. (1, continued.) Columbian Rules, With Lite Weight. Breed. (2, continued.) Dairyman's Rules, Without Live Weight. ^'^ Breed. Jersey . . . Guernsey. Jersey . . . Guernsey. . . Jersey Short-Horn . Jersey Guernsey. . . Short-Horn . Guernsey. . . Jersey Short-Horn. Jersey Short-Horn . . Jersey Short-Horn . . GuemgeJ^ . . . Short-Horn Gtiernsey 1 23 " 112 * Sick S73.224! 64.513 64.154 61.59T 60.7.32 60,090 59.231 59.023 57.822 56.717 56.488 56.099 55.169 55.039 53.556 52.634 52.526 50.985 50 973 50.684 50.419 50 284 50.264 50.172 49.806 49 041 48.691 48 4.50 48.269 47.196 46.050 46 002 45.941 45.079 44.880 44.618 44.005 Jersey. 1 14 20 " [IS ' 17 31 1 ; 25 10 8 Guernsey j 15 9 Jersey 1 7 Guernsey i 25 11 Jersey..' j 5 12 I " i 6 13 I " ... 1 13 14 iGuemsey ' 24 15 j Jersey ' 10 16 '.Guernsey 1 7 17 'jersey 3 18 ! Guernsey [ 8 Jersey 3 " ' 4 22 1 15 20 25 24 11 8 14 21 19 15 12 23 12 20 2 19 20 21 j " 22 Guernsey... 23 Jersey 24 Short-Horn 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Jersey. Short-Horn . Jersey Short-Horn . 33 1 Guernsey 34 35 [Jersey 36 iGuernsey.... ;69 579 63 973 60.644 59.247 58 843 58.762 58.650 58.407 56.099 55.682 54.371 53.729 53.068 52.474 51.620 50.959 50.726 49.497 49.3.53 49 146 48.799 48.461 47.970 47 459 47.376 47.144 40.791 46.746 46.711 46.529 45.870 45.735 43 060 42 773 42 693 42.344 42.064 38 Guernsey 39 Short-Horn.. 40 Jersey 41 Short-Horn . . 42 Guernsey 43 " 44 Jersey 45 1 " 46 Short-Horn.. 47 I 48 49 I 50 Guernsey. . . 51 I 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 Short-Horn. Guernsey. . . Short-Horn. Guernsey. . . Short-Horn . Guernsey. . . Short-Horn. Guernsey. . . ♦Jersey Short -Horn . Guernsey. . . Short- Horn Guernsey. . . Short-Horn . . 41,832 41.210 41 . 128 40.845 39.899 39.498 39.349 39.168 38.784 37.675 35.710 35.. 501 35.313 35.231 35.183 34.712 34.456 34,271 34.204 33.903 33.580 33.579 33.288 33.04 32.05 31.126 30.108 30.037 29.769 29.663 29.039 28.680 28.266 28.00 26. 39 24,736 38 Jersey. Short-Horn ., [Guernsey Short-Horn . Guernsey. . . Short-Horn . Guernsey — Short-Horn . Guernsey Short-Horn . Guernsey..., Jersey ShortHom . Guernsey — Short-Horn . Guernsey.... Short-Horn . Guernsey... . Short-Horn . Guernsey — Short-Horn . W 23 S41.885 9 I 41.599 40.215 39.855 38.054 38.037 36.133 35,501 35.313 35.200 34 286 33.948 33.834 33.736 33.642 33.182 32,859 32.282 31.576 30.888 30.572 30.310 29.918 29.724 29.587 29.238 29.039 28.585 27.555 26.621 25.877 23.903 23.867 23.541 22,818 19.062 18.481 10 I 42 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. INDIVIDUAL YIELDS OF JERSEYS IN TEST NO. 2—90 DAYS. No. of Times. Yield in 24 Hours, Brown Bessie 74997 - Two : 44.5, 44.7 lbs. Lily Martin 49954 One : 44.0 lbs. cows MILKING OVER 44 LBS. IN THE MONTH OF JUNE. No. of Times. Yield in 24 Hours. Hugo's Countess 68394-Three: 44.4, 44.8, 44.2 lbs. Ida Marigold 32615 One: 45.3 lbs. Highest day's milking, Ida Marigold 32615, 45.3 lbs. cows AVERAGING OVER 40 LBS. IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN THE MONTH OF JUNE. Total Milk. Daily Average. Brown Bessie 74997 1213.2 lbs 40.44 lbs. Lily Martin 49954 1219.2 lbs. 40.64 " Total Milk. Daily Average. Hugo's Countess 68394-. .-1217. 5 Ibs-. ..40.58 lbs. cow MILKING OVER 42 LBS. IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN JULY. Brown Bessie 74997... Three times : 43.0 lbs., 42.6 lbs. and 43.6 lbs. Highest day's yield, 43.6 lbs. cows AVERAGING OVER 39 LBS. FOR JUNE AND JULY. Total Daily Average | Total Daily Average Milk. for 61 Days. Milk. for 61 Days. Brown Bessie 74997 2443.6 lbs 40-05 lbs. | Hugo's Countess 68394 2401.3 lbs 39-36 lbs. Lily Martin 49954 2409.0 lbs 39-49 " ' cows MILKING 40 LBS. OR OVER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN AUGUST. Brown Bessie 74997 Twenty-four times : 40.8 lbs., 42.3 lbs., 41.6 lbs., 41.4 lbs., 41.4 lbs., 41.2 lbs., 42.6 lbs., 42.1 lbs., 42.8 lbs., 41.2 lbs., 41.4 lbs., 42.2 lbs., 40.1 lbs., 41.7 lbs., 43.5 lbs., 43.8 lbs., 41.3 lbs., 43 lbs., 43.7 lbs., 41 lbs., 43.5 lbs., 43.7 lbs., 42.7 lbs., 40.9 lbs. Lily Martin 49954 ...Once ; 40.1 lbs. Hugo's Countess 68394 Eleven times : 41.0 lbs., 40.5 lbs., 40.8 lbs., 41.6 lbs., 41.4 lbs., 43.4 lbs., 41. 1 lbs., 42.0 lbs., 40.0 lbs., 40.0 lbs., 40.5 lbs. Ida Marigold 32615 Eight times : 41.2 lbs., 40.2 lbs., 41.7 lbs., 40.9 lbs., 40.5 lbs., 40.4 lbs., 40.3 lbs., 40.2 lbs. cows AVERAGING OVER 38 LBS. FOR THE NINETY DAYS OF TEST. Total Milk. Daily Average. Hugo's Countess 68394 3542. 9 lbs 39.37 lbs. Ida Marigold 32615.- 3448.3 " 38.31 " Total Milk. Daily Average. Brown Bessie 74997 3634.0 lbs 40.38 lbs. Lily Martin 49954 3520.0 " 39-II " cows MAKING 2^^ LBS. OF BUTTER OR OVER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN JUNE. Sheba Rex 47429 Twice : 2.52 lbs., 2.70 lbs. Exile's Lulu 49984 ...Once: 2.71 lbs. Islip Lenox 31703 ^ " 2.74 lbs. Alteration 56436 Twice : 2.77 lbs., 2.85 lbs. Brown Bessie 74997 -- Four times ■ 2.64 lbs., 2.55 lbs., 2.66 lbs., 2.61 lbs. Annice Magnet 60256 Once 2 80 lbs. THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 43 Hugo's Countess 6S394 Five times : 3. 17 lbs., 2.53 lbs., 2.65 lbs., 2. 59 lbs., 2.60 lbs. Ida Marigold 32615 Twice : 2.52 lbs., 3.01 lbs. Merry Maiden 64949 Nine times: 2.52 lbs., 2.74 lbs., 2.54 lbs., 2.50 lbs., 2.50 lbs., 2.64 lbs., 2.55 lbs., 2.64 lbs., 2.70 lbs, (Sick June 20). Romp's Princess 51185 Once: 2.76 lbs. Signal Queen 30869 -.- _Twice : 2.55 lbs., 2.58 lbs. Baroness Argyle 40498 Four times: 2.79 lbs., 2.52 lbs., 2.54 lbs., 2.68 lbs. Highest day's yield in June : Hugo's Countess 68394, 3.17 lbs. cows MAKING OVER l}^'^ LBS. OF nUTTER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS, IN JULY. Brown Bessie 74997_ ..Nine times: 2.66 lbs., 3.48 lbs., 2.54 lbs., 2.51 lbs., 2.63 lbs., 3.15 lbs., 2.68 lbs., 3.02 lbs. 2.66 lbs. Hugo's Countess 68394 Once: 2.81 lbs. Ida Marigold 32615 " 2.61 lbs. Merry Maiden 64949 " 2.61 lbs. Baroness Argyle 40498 " 2.73 lbs. Highest day's yield in July : Brown Bessie 74997, 3- 48 lbs. cows MAKING 2}^ LBS. OF BUTTER OR OVER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN THE 2g DAYS OF AUGUST. Islip Lenox 31703 Twice : 2.54 lbs., 2.57 lbs. Brown Bessie 74997 Twenty-two times : 2.54 lbs., 2.65 lbs., 2.56 lbs., 2.68 lbs., 2.58 lbs., 2.53 lbs., 2.51 lbs., 2.64 lbs., 2.50 lbs., 2.91 lbs., 2.68 lbs., 2.54 lbs., 2.91 lbs., 3.23 lbs. (Aug. 18), 2.97 lbs. (Aug. 19), 2.87 lbs. (Aug. 20), 2.54 lbs., 2.68 lbs., 3.03 lbs. (Aug. 24), 2.61 lbs., 2.51 lbs., 2.85 lbs. Hugo's Countess 68394 Three times : 2.55 lbs., 2.56 lbs., 2.57 lbs. (Aug. 28). Ida Marigold 32615 Six times : 2.56 lbs., 2.68 lbs., 2.50 lbs., 2.53 lbs., 2.61 lbs., 2.52 lbs. Merry Maiden 64949 - " 2.58 lbs., 2.60 lbs., 2.66 lbs., 2.59 lbs., 2.56 lbs., 2.70 lbs. Baroness Argyle 40498 Once : 2.73 lbs. (was sick in this month). Highest day's yield in August : Brown Bessie 74997, 3.23 lbs. cows THAT MADE 3 LBS. OF BUTTER OR OVER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS IN TEST NO. 2. Hugo's Countess 68394 Once: 3.17 lbs. (June). Brown Bessie 74997 Five times : 3.48 lbs. (July), 3.15 lbs. (July), 3.02 lbs. (July), 3.23 lbs. (Aug. 18), 3.03 lbs. (Aug. 24). Ida Marigold 32615 Once : 3.01 lbs. (June). HIGHEST SEVEN CONSECUTIVE DAYS* YIELD IN BUTTER DURING TEST NO. 2. Brown Bessie 74997 20.163 lbs., August 14 to 20, both inclusive. Number of days in milk, 121. HIGHEST THIRTY CONSECUTIVE DAYs' YIELD DURING TEST NO. 2. Brown Bessie 74997 77-319 lbs., July 31 to Aug. 29, both inclusive. 44 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. DATES OF LAST CALVES OF COWS COMPOSING THE JERSEY AND GUERNSEY HERDS IN TEST NO. 3. Jeksets. Guernseys. No. Name and H. R. No. of Cow. Date of Last Calf. No. Name of Cow. Date of Last Calf. 1 It/1q ■HT0 lO to tC «0 lO lO lO ^ oi T)<^ 00 OS X> 00 00 00 O X> 00 00 00 OS 00 00 00 I 0910 tH tH rt 7-, T-li-l rl t-< t-1 1-H rtTHiH TtlOll ^ in ■* T)i 25 "* ■* 1-1 « I co^ I o^ ''Sn^ = 1 «5^ I eo^ 055 •eD-^COOCSOSQOOSOSOCOlClOOS** ^OCOQOINOiOOOOtOOO— '5O0DQ0T105«OWOSt-t- cooj I coco « TH CO t- " 8d •uBjg; •jBaitt ojoo ■OWBiQ •i«3w no ■fBH -a o CO«50*0500CP0300S-<)>00«0-^ C*C5OQ000Q0Oi>00i^t*Q0Q0T-*T-* T-l '-^ T-< ^ Ci C4 ^C4 -^T 100 i£5 iClO 3toaDt-a5t-i-t»t~ooi-t-t-»o ^s 000 I OOCO I t-1-4 oocs am oirti 00 QO o 100 005 -*0}i-l055Oirjli-rfQ600cJ05i-l00O _'^CO^HTl"Ot-t-C5-rHr--£^tCOi-ir|; '— "^ CO ^ CO CO CO CO CO CO ""T CO CO CO CO CO 05T( I 10 I 00 ■<*JO O50D 100 'i^ - 1^5 ^^ 00 «o OS GO oco' in QOrrt • co^'S^ •MOO JO 'om a^ !>>.raco2J OjWfaCOtK — , •'^ a % CO "-^ 00 ^ '^ 0) — I ffi f« iS _ 5? '^ =" '*" rt m '„ --^H *f o - 0) h.2 o a a a tJ 3 O 03 MH 'm iH9ico^io«oi-ooo50i-ie?co-^in 46 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. RECORDS OF JERSEY COWS AND GUERNSEY AND SHORT-HORN HERDS IN TEST NO. 3-30 DAYS' Jersets. Name and Herd Register No. of Cow. 1 Ida Marigold ,32615 2 Islip Lenox 31703 3 Brown Bessie 74997 4 Sayda 3d 17317 5 Baroness Argyle 40498 eiFlora Temple 3d 40086 7iSignal Queen 30869 8 Sheba Rex 47429 9 Exile's Lulu 49984 10 Merry Maiden 64949 ll]*Cupid's Jersey Maid 3.5040. . . . 12 *Stoke Pogis' Regina 4a309. . . . 13l*Katherine of Pittsford 73169. 14 Hugo's Countess 68394 15 Romp's Princess 51185 Totals 13921 .9 Total values lbs. 985.8 714.6 1134.6 843.6 925.5 923.6 944.5 1004.2 988.4 965. 1028.7 1012.2 1062.3 684.2 704.7 lbs. 48.60 39.05 59.15 39.18 46.05 45.10 42.20 47.12 44. 2G 54.65 45.21 49.39 44.33 39.44 42.08 ftCq 03 rt QJ O M 685.81 837.211 lbs. 59.367 47.699 72.235 47.825 56.215 55.068 51.522 57.511 54.017 66.695 55.163 60.268 54.107 48.172 51.357 Guernsey Herd. J Totals 13518.4 1 Total values 597.96 r24.170 lbs. 88.62 66.63 104.46 76.99 82.64 84.17 86.20 92.20 89.83 90.47 93.95 94.30 99.98 63.89 67.11 1281.44 $27,338 21.946 33.271 22.009 25.897 25.355 23.738 26.491 24.879 30.721 25.408 27.765 24.923 22.169 23.682 ?18.885' 15.803 24.6971 15.303! 17.630 17.655 15.737 18.571 17.457 23.103 17.924 19.576 17.263 16.960 17.785 0.016 .012 .019 .013 .015 .015 .014 .015 .014 .018 .014 .016 .014 .013 .014 $385,592 $274,349 $0,222 $274,127 $18,869' 4 15.791 13 24.678 1 15.290 15 17.615 9 17.640, 8 15.723 18.556 17.443 23.085 17.910 19.560 17.249 16.947 12 17.771 7 1253.33 $237,002 $237,002 Short-Horn Herd. -I Total^^^i-; 15618.3 555.71 662.660 1413.68 $303,685 1.134 $0,243 * Cows not in former tests. The following table gives the standing and net profit of the 45 cows in Test No. 3, arranged in their order of merit : RECORDS IN ORDER OF MERIT OF COWS IN TEST NO. 3. ^ Breed. Jersey Sliort-Hom Jersey Guernsey. . Jersey Guernsey. . Jersey Guernsey. . Jersey Guernsey. . Jersey Guernsey. . Jersey 3 10 1 12 10 3 1 8 15 14 11 15 6 5 9 13 9 13 4 14 $24,678 23.085 20.015 19.560 19.377 18.898 18.869 18.556 18.242 18.214 17.910 17.771 17.640 17.615 17.543 17.539 17.443 17.249 17.116 16.947 15.930 15.791 15.723 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Short-Horn Guernsey... Jersey Short-Horn. Guernsey... Short-Horn. Guernsey... Short-Horn, Guernsey... Short-Hom, Guernsey... Short-Horn, Guernsey... Short-Horn, Guernsey... Short-Horn $15,478 15.293 15.290 15.220 14.599 14.524 14 288 14.020 13.481 13. 362 13.099 12.784 12.709 12.649 12 .595 12.585 12.127 11.971 11.565 11.524 9.623 9.520 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 47 INDIVIDUAL YIELDS OF COWS IN TEST NO. 3—30 DAYS. cows MILKING OVER 38 LBS. IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS. Brown Bessie 74997 Twenty times : 41 40 39 43 Katherine of Pittsford 73169 Three times : 38 1 lbs., 38.7 lbs., 42.2 lbs., 39.3 lbs., 4c 2 lbs., 38.4 lbs., 3 lbs., 39.1 lbs., 40.6 lbs., 42.7 lbs., 40.2 lbs., 40.5 lbs., 5 lbs., 39.0 lbs., 38.2 lbs., 40.1 lbs., 39.2 lbs., 38. 6 lbs., 5 lbs. (Sept. 27), 39.1 lbs. 2 lbs., 39.9 lbs., 38.4 lbs. cows MAKING OVER 2^-^ LBS. OF BUTTER IN TWENTY-FOUR HOURS. Brown Bessie 74997.- Eleven times : 2.567 lbs., 2.673 lbs., 2.513 lbs., 2.>44 lbs., 3.073 lbs. (Sept. 7), 2.636 lbs. (Sept. 8), 2 774 lbs. (Sept. 9), 2.630 lbs., 2.544 lt)s., 2.652 lbs., 3.002 lbs. (Sept. 27). Merry Maiden 64949 Once : 2.675 lbs. HIGHEST SEVEN CONSECUTIVE DAYS* YIELD. Brown Bessie 74997 Sept. 6 to 12, both inclusive : Milk, 282.6 lbs.; Butter, 18.63 lbs. Number of days since last calving, 144. TOTAL MILKINGS OF ALL JERSEY COWS IN TESTS NOS. 1, 2 AND 3, AND FIVE DAYS PKELIMINARY TO TEST NO. 2. Name and Herd Register No. op Cow. Fifteen Days of Clieese Test. Five Days Preliminary to Test No. 2. Ninety Days of Test No. 2. Tli'rty Days of Test No. 8. No. of Total Millc.^?J'^ Tests. Slieba Rex 47429 . . . Natasqua 65598 Exile's Lulu 49984 . Albert's Gem 34006. Islip Lenox 31703 . . Little Goldie 38C71 . Alteration 56436.... Justa Pogis 64863 Gay Orphan 25985 Sayda 8d 17317 Pearl of Riverside 55659 Lorita33750 Flora Temple 3d 40086 Brown Bessie 74997 Lily Martin 49954 Annice Magnet 60256 Hugo's Countess 68394 Ida Marisokl 32615 Daisy Hinmau 61537 Merry Maiden 64949 Romp's Princess 51185 Signal Queen 30869 Grace Pansy 2d 18764 Princesa Honoria 62.548 Baroness Argyle 40498 Tristeka 28:532 Pretty Marchioness 62569 — Cupid's Jersey Maid 35040 . . Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309. . . Katherine of Pittsford 73169. Totals lbs. 593.4 429.2 632.0 506.3 563.1 588.2 448.2 422.3 524.4 509.3 444.7 526.9 639.1 573.4 493.8 638.4 673.6 444.3 634.6 581.0 419.3 488.2 6.56.9 454.3 433.6 lbs. 186.2 137.3 200.4 171.6 148.6 194.9 199.3 147.7 133.6 182.8 163.7 146.8 180.7 209.7 206.9 170.3 206.5 221.5 145.4 203.0 169.6 192.6 136.8 156.8 211.6 lbs. 3283.3 246S.9 3224.5 2666.4 3070.0 3284.1 I *583.9 I "( 2531.8 r 2745.3 2175.9 3043.1 2653.7 2320.3 3038.2 3634.0 3520.3 2064.0 8542.9 3448.3 2677.8 3041 .2 2984.4 3190.6 2344.4 3690.4 3266.3 13396.4 lbs. 1004.2 988.4 843.6 923 6 1134.6 684.3 985.8 965.0 704.7 944.5 935.5 1028.7 1013.2 1062.3 13921.9 lbs. 5067.1 3030.3 5045 3 3;M4.3 39;i3.2 4042.1 3903.1 3341.2 2781 8 4,593.9 3326.7 2911.8 4669.4 5617.4 4300.5 2727.1 5062.0 5329.2 3267.4 4833.8 3858.7 4908.7 2900.5 3335.4 5060.2 454.3 433.6 1038.7 1013.2 1062.3 105131.2 140 110 140 110 125 108 100 110 100 140 110 110 140 140 110 100 140 140 110 140 125 140 110 110 140 15 15 30 30 30 Estimated. 48 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. TOTAL BUTTER OF ALL JERSEY COWS IN TESTS NOS. 1, 2 AND 3, AND 5 DAYS PRELIMINARY TO TEST NO. 2. Name and Heed Register No. of Cow. Test No. 1. (E.st. from Analysis). Preliminary J^^ (Est. from en.- n,",fto.. Analysis). 80j„ Butter. Test No 3, )^ Butter. Total Butter. No. of Days in Tests. Shfcba Rex 47429 . . . Natasqua 65598 Exile's Lulu 49984 . Albert's Gem 34006. Islip Lenox 31703.. . Little Goldie 38671 . AlteratioQ 56436. . . . Justa Pogi864863 Gay Orphan 25985 Sayda 3d 17317 Pearl of Riverside 55659 Lorita 33750 Flora Temple 3d 40086 Brown Bessie 74997 Lily Martin 49954 Annice Magnet 60256 Hugo's Countess 68394 Ida Marigold 32615 ■Daisy Hinman 61537 Merry Maiden 64949 Romp's Princess 51185 Signal Queen 30869 Grace Pansy 2d 18764 Princess Honoria 63548 Baroness Argyle 40498 Tristeka 28332 Pretty Marchioness 62569 Cupid's Jersey Maid 35040 . . Stoke Pogis' Regina 48309 . . Katherine of Pittsford 73169 Totals. lbs. 35.01 28.04 30.74 30.27 31.63 34.81 26.51 ,47 01 ,23 lbs. 11.014 9.063 9,073 10.463 8.413 10.975 11.712 9.025 9.250 9.788 9.562 8.738 9.526 11.899 9.712 10.089 10.774 11.688 8.625 12.525 10.812 10 425 10.899 9.899 11.575 752.56 253.524 lbs. 190.617 161.522 168.538 165.777 178.066 ^176.394 j t35.648 I I $144,231 ( 157.697 +138.973 170.094 160.804 146.619 176.751 216.640 164.287 +119.284 191.894 199.756 1.55.131 +200,. 51 7 188.373 165.601 147.009 159.447 $194 400 4274.010 lbs. 57.511 54,017 '47! 699' 47.825 55.058 72.235 48.172 59.367 66.695 51.357 51.522 56.215 55.163 60.268 54.107 837.211 lbs. 294.152 198.625 262 368 206.510 234.178 218.999 226.401 193.232 176 693 256.717 200.596 182.147 269.535 335.824 200.999 158.423 283.610 305.901 190.706 318,157 250.542 257.588 183 708 197.826 297.680 25.84 22.81 55.163 60.268 54.107 140 110 140 110 125 108 100 110 100 140 110 110 140 140 110 100 140 140 110 140 125 140 110 110 140 15 15 80 30 30 6119 305 Calved prematurely, t Estimated, t Sick during part of test. COMPOSITION OF JERSEY HERD IN TEST NO. 4-HEIFER TEST. September SO to October 20, 1893. No. Name and Herd Register No. OF Heifer. Breeder Owner. Date Dropped. Elturia 80701 Campania 88475 Lily GarfleJd 79819 lolaP. 85529 Woodstock Mystery 77746. . Woodstock Lady 80619 ... Jeannette of Pittsford 73185 Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt N. N. Palmer, Brodhead. Wis Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt Fred'k J. Prentiss, Greenport, N Y Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Richardson Bros., Davenport, Iowa Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt. E. W. F.iirman. Brodhead, Wis Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt. Est. of Fred'k Billings, Woodstock, Vt. Aaron O. Auten, Jersey ville. 111 Nov. 9, 1890 Sep. 12, 1890 Sep. 29, 1891 July 19, 1891 July 12, 1891 Aug. 6, 1891 Oct. 1, 1890 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLDS COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 49 RECORDS OF LIVE WEIGHT OF HEIFERS IN TEST NO. 4-21 DAYS. Jerseys. Shokt-Hokns. .2 W o 6 ''A Average j 5 Days | Weighed i in. 1 Live Weight. Live Weight. Name and Herd Register No. of Heifer. Average 5 Days Weighed out. SO ^1 i Average 5 Days V.'eighed in. Average 5 Days Weighed out. 1 So ^1 Elturia 80701 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lbs. 791 744 775 690 6S3 687 666 lbs. 830 764 794 711 660 691 686 lbs. 39 20 19 21 27 4 20 $1,755 .900 .855 .945 1.215 .180 .900 lbs. 904 897 842 840 871 854 lbs. 956 948 920 902 943 923 lbs. 52 51 78 62 72 69 $2,340 2 295 Campania 88475 Lily Garfield 79819 3.510 2.790 3 240 lola F 85529 Woodstock Mystery 77746 Woodstock Lady 80619 3 105 Jeannette of Pittsford 73185 Totals -.- 1 4986 5136 150 $6,750 5208 5592 384 $17,280 712.3 733.7 21.4 $0,964 868 932 64 $2,880 RECORDS OP JERSEY HEIFERS AND SHORT-HORN HERD IN TEST NO. 4—21 DAYS. Jerseys. Total Feed Weighed Out fob 21 Days. Name and Herd Register No. of Heifer. Hay. Silage. Oil Corn Meal. Meal. Bran. Oats. Cotton- Seed. Hide. Corn- Hearts. Total Eaten. Elturia 80701 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 lbs. 235.5 237.5 224.5 202.0 176.0 201.0 195.0 lbs. 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 lbs. 55.0 55.0 63.0 42.0 38.0 42.0 53.5 lbs. lbs. 72 117 93 134 93 138 77 lafi lbs. 63 61 84 84 57 63 70 lbs. 38.0 41.5 50.5 35.0 24.5 42.0 43.0 lbs. 59 42 42 21 19 42 35 lbs. 26 17 14 7 14 $5,090 5.286 5.697 4.716 3.782 4.728 5.140 Campania 88475 Lily Garfield 79819 lola F. 85529 Woodstock Mystery 77746 Yoodstock Lady 80619 61 &4 93 114 126 138 jeani.ette of Pittsford 73185 Totals Total values 1471.5 $7,358 42 $0,032 348.5 $3,833 573 $6,303 893 $5,584 482 $5,543 274.5 $3,569 260 $1,690 78 $0,527 $34,439 lbs. 922 $4,610 lbs. 1.593 $1,195 lbs. 118.5 $1,304 lbs. 7(10 lbs. 176 $2,024 lbs. 332 $4,316 lbs. 250 $1,625 lbs. 596 $4,022 Shoet-Hokn Heed ] ^^^^j - j- - ; ; ; ; $4,432 $23,628 50 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITIOIM. RECORDS OF JERSEY HEIFERS AND SHORTHORN HERD IN TEST NO. 4—21 DATS. Jersets. Milk. 80 Per Solids Not Fat. Value op Products. Value of Products LessCost of Feed, Without Live Weight. Net Gain Name and Herd Register No. of Heifer. o'S Fat. Cent. Butter. i Butter. Solids Not Total. Fat. . with Live Weight Elturia 80701 1 3 4 5 6 7 lbs. 483.4 556.7 562.7 465.3 388.6 398.1 501.8 3356.6 lbs. 19.31 22.50 28.99 20.20 20.98 18.42 24.98 155.38 lbs. 24.137 28.127 37.488 25.251 2(5.223 23.027 29.973 194.226 S77.690 lbs. 44.95 51.87 53.31 43.42 36.36 37.15 46.83 313.88 $6,277 $9,655 11.2.51 14.995 10.100 10.489 9.211 11.989 $0,899 1.036 1.067 .867 .731 .741 .936 $10,554 12.287 16.062 10.967 11.220 9.952 13.925 $5,464 7.001 10.365 6.251 7.438 5.224 7.785 $7,319 7 901 Lily Garfield 79819 11.330 lola F. 85529 Woodstock Mystery 77746 Woodstock Lady 80619 7.196 8.6.53 5.404 Jeannette of Pittsford 73185 8 685 Totals $77,690 $6,277 $83,967 $49,538 $56,278 Averages per head . •) 479.5 23.19 27.746 44.84 $0,952 $11,098 $0,953 $11,995 $7,075 $8,039 „ XT XT (Totals 2581.0 97.89 123.363 $48,950 235.82 $4,719 39.30 $0,786 Short-Hork Heed ] ^^^^j ^^^^^ ;;;;;; $48,950 '$8,158 $4,719 $53,669 $30,141 $47,431 430.1 Averages per head . •{ 16.31 20.393 $0,786 j'8.944 $5,023 $7,903 GRAND SWEEPSTAKES AWARDS OF TESTS NOS. i, 3 AND 3. These awards were based on the greatest aggregate net profit shown by the cows and breeds in the first fifteen days of Tests Nos. i, 2 and 3, confined to such cows as went through all three tests. If anything were wanting in the results of the tests to show most conclusively the great superiority of the Jerseys, collectively as a breed, or in the individuals composing the herd, the " Grand Sweepstakes Awards" place it beyond any possibility of doubt. It will be remembered that Test No. i was for cheese and by-products, Test No. 2 for butter and by- products and Test No. 3 for butter alone. In Test No. i not only cheese, and in Tests Nos. 2 and 3 not only butter, was taken into consideration, but in Tests Nos. i and 2 the milk (through the solids other than butter fat) and increase in live weight formed a part of the basis for awards and decisions, so that every quality of the dairy cow (and to some minds a step beyond, in giving credit for increase in live weight") was considered. Again, the staying qualities were put to the test of proof, and the Jerseys were not found lacking, but, on the contrary, stood out pre-eminently the leaders in this essential. The appended tables will show that ten Jerseys went through all three tests, to nine Short-Horns and seven Guernseys, demonstrating the ability of the Jersey breed to stand the strain that the environment of the tests imposed on them better than the other breeds. It will also be noticed that out of the first possible ten places the Jerseys had seven, in the following order, ist, 2d, 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th and loth, to three Guernseys and no Short-Horns ; that the three remaining Jerseys stood 12th, 13th and 17th ; that the highest Jersey made in the 45 days a net profit of $5.66 in excess of the best Guernsey (equal to an excess net profit of over J2c. a day), and $6.40 in excess of the best Short-Horn (equal to an excess net profit of 14c. per day) ; that the lowest Jersey made a net profit of $4.16 more than the lowest Guernsey, and $7.90 more than the lowest Short-Horn. Important as these figures are, the relative profits of the breeds are of far greater import, and demonstrate in the plainest and most conclusive manner that the Jersey J^reed is vastly the superior, as the average " aggregate net profit" per cow in the first fifteen days of each test is as follows: Jerseys, $25.69; Guernsevs, $21.52 ; Short-Horns, $18.20. Analyzing the THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. 51 $ figures that go to make up the totals on which the awards were based, we find that the Jerseys lead in the first fifteen days of each test by equally as strong a lead, as the following table shows : AVERAGE NET PROFIT PER COW BY HERDS FOR FIRST 1 5 DAYS OF TESTS NOS. I, 2 AND 3. Jerseys .... Guernseys.- Short-Horns Test No, i. $5.73 4.14 4.04 Test No. 2. $10.35 9.44 7.62 Test No. 3. ^9.61 7-94 6.54 $25.69 21.52 18.20 SWEEPSTAKES FOR FIRST 1 5 DAYS OF TESTS NOS. I, 2 AND 3. Arranged in Order of Merit, According to the Aggregate Net Profit of all Cows that went through all Three Tests. Ordeb OP Merit. Name of Cow. Breed. Net Profit. Test No. 1. Test No. 2. Test No. 3. Total Net Profit. 1st. 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7th. 8th. 9th. 10th. nth. 12th. 13th. 14th. 15th. 16th. 17th. 18th. 19th. 20th. 2l8t. 22d. 23d. 24th. 25th. 26th. Merry Maiden 64949 Brown Bessie 74997 Ida Marigold 32615 Baroness Argyle 40498. . Huj'o's Countess 68394, Sheba Rex 47429 Sweet Ada , Materna Select 8th Flora Temple 3d 40086., Nora Exile's Lulu 49984 Signal Queen 30869 Amanda ... Genevieve Ethica of Cornwall Sayda3d 17317 Betsey 7th Bashful 2d, imp Waterloo Daisy Lady of EUerslie Kitty Clay 7th Aldine / Belle Price Rosa Lucy Ann Jersey Jersey Jersey Jersey Jersey Jersey ... . Guernsey . . Guernsey . . Guernsey . . Jersey Short-Horn Jersey Jersey Guernsey . . Short-Horn Guernsey . . Jersey Short-Horn Short Horn Short-Horn Guernsey . . Short-Horn Guernsey . . Short-Horn Short-Horn Short-Horn $12,129 11.245 10.419 11.103 10.877 11.162 9.742 10.211 10.637 10.072 9.968 8.447 9.184 10.608 9.003 9.073 8.909 8.735 8.368 8.220 8.255 5.804 7.565 6.685 6.316 5.481 $11,476 12.761 10.063 9.250 9.083 9.3.54 9.493 8.986 8.583 9.082 7.525 8.998 7,947 6.557 7.142 7.857 8.074 6.363 7.975 7.722 6.882 6.391 7.180 5.825 4.811 5.107 $30,165 29.466 27.462 26.473 25.920 25.756 24.505 24.017 24.010 23.824 23.763 23.545 23.471 22.225 21.425 21.270 20.823 20.728 20.413 19.062 17.937 16.715 16.665 15.300 13.527 12.918 As was to be expected from the nbove figures, the Jerseys captured every '^^ sweepstakes award,' leaving nothing for the other breeds, as will be seen from the following awards : SWEEPSTAKES AWARDS. {a) For the best individual cow in each breed competing : Net Profit. Jersey — Merry Maiden 64949 $30. 165 Guernsey — Sweet Ada 24.505 Short-Horn — Nora 23.763 'b) For the best individual cow in any breed competing : Jersey Merry Maiden 64949. 52 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, {c) For the best five cows in cacA breed competing : Net Profit. Merry Maiden 64949 $30,165 Brown Bessie 74997 29.466 Ida Marigold 32615 27.452 Baroness Argyle 40498 26 .473 Hugo's Countess 68394 25 . 920 Totals $139.47 GUERNSEYS. Net Profit. Sweet Ada ; $21,505 Matema 24.017 Select 8th 24 010 Amanda 23.225 Ethics of Cornwall 21 .270 $116,027 SHOBT-HOP.NS. Nora Genevieve Betsey 7th Bashful 2d, imp. Waterloo Daisy Net Profit. . $23,763 . 21.425 . 20.728 . 20.413 . 19.062 $105,392 ((/) For tlie best five cows in any breed competing : Jersey --- - Merry Maiden 64949. " - Brown Bessie 74997. " - Ida Marigold 32615. " -- Baroness Argyle 40498. " -- Hugo's Countess 68394. ((') For the 6es/ breed competing — Jerseys. RECAPITULATION. In the cheese test the following are the quantities and values of cheese of the breeds : Jerseys Guernseys . . Short-Horns $193.98 135.22 140.14 The milk of each cow, as also the mixed milk, was analyzed each day, and though no butter was made in the cheese test and the "five days preliminary" between Tests Nos. i and 2, it is an easy matter to estimate the butter in these two periods, on the basis of 80 per cent, oil in the butter. Esti- mating the butter in this way, the following tables give all the products on a basis of the three tests of the mature cows : JERSEYS. VALUE OF BUTTER. Test No. I, Cheese 5 Days Preliminary Test No. 2, 90 Days, Butter Test No. 3, 30 Days, Butter Totals lbs. 13296.4 4424.1 73488.8 13921-9 105131.2 lbs. 752.560 253-524 4274.010 837-211 6117.305 $307,646 103.640 1747.215 385-592 $2544.093 COST OF FEED. .14 587.498 1 1 1.243 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. GUERNSEYb. 5b VALUE OF BUTTEK. COST OF FEED. Test No. I, Cheese 5 Days Preliminary Test No. 2, go Days, Butter Test No. 3, 30 Days, Butter Totals lbs. 10938.6 3814-2 61781.7 13518.4 90052.9 lbs. 610.530 209.911 3360.431 724.170 4905.042 [ $330.881 j 1355-261 329.768 $2015.910 j.250 484.141 92.766 SHORT-HORNS. VALUE OF BUTTER. COST OF FEED. Test No. I, Cheese 5 Days Preliminary Test No. 2, 90 Days, Butter Test No. 3, 30 Days, Butter Totals lbs. 12186.9 4028.3 66263.2 15618.3 98096. 7 lbs. 545.750 180.061 2890.869 662.660 4279.340 I $294,171] 1171.669 303.685 $1769.525 $99,360 501.789 104.551 As the cost of feed in the five days preliminary has not been estimated, I am unable to give the total footings. The price of butter for the cheese test and five days preliminary is credited at the average rate per pound credited to the breeds in the 90 days' test. The price of butter was fixed by the scoring, that having the highest scoring having the highest value, and, consequently, that having the highest value possessed the best quality. The following are the values per pound of butter : JERSEYS. GUERNSEYS. SHORT-HORNS. Test No. 2, 90 days Cents. 40.88 46.05 Cents. 40-33 45-53 Cents. 40.53 45.66 Test No. 3, 30 days The cost of butter per pound in feed was : JERSEYS. GUERNSEYS. SHORT-HORNS. Test No. 2 Cents. 13-75 13.28 Cents. 14.41 12.81 Cents. 17.36 15-77 Test No. 3 The value of the cheese made was : Jerseys, 13.36c. per pound ; Guernseys, 11.96c.; Short-Horns, 13.01C. 54 THE JERSEY HERD AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The quantity of milk required to pound of cheese or butter was : JERSEYS. GUERNSEYS. SHORT-HORNS. Test No. I, Cheese lbs. 9.16 17.20 16.58 lbs. 9.67 18.40 18.66 lbs. II. 31 22.90 23.56 Test No. 2, Butter Test No. 3, Butter Taking each separate test and taking all of them in the aggregate, the results conclusively show that the Jerseys — 1. Gave more milk. 2. Made more cheese. 3. Made more butter. 4. Gave more solids other than butter fat. 5. Required less milk to make a pound of cheese. 6. Required less milk to make a pound of butter. 7. Produced a pound of butter at less cost. 8. Made cheese of a higher quality. g. Made butter of a higher quality. 10. Demonstrated their ability to profitably assimilate a greater quantity of feed and return a net increased profit. The tests prove these to be facts, and in proving them give the stamp of publicity and authenticity to the Jersey cow as the greatest dairy cow in all essentials that the world has ever produced. Respectfully submitted, VALANCEY E. World's Fair Grounds, Chicago, II' FULLER, Superintendent. INDEX. Awards, Sweepstakes 50, 51 Awards, Test No. i 7 Awards, Test No. 2.-- -- 13 Awards, Test No. 3 20 Awards, Test No. 4 - 22 Barns 24 Bulls Contributed to the Tests 3 Butter in Test No. 2 - 12 Butter in Test No. 3. 18 Butter in Test No. 4 21 Butter Yield 30 Change of Cows for Test No. 2 . . 5 Changes in Feed 9 Character of the Herds .- 30 Columbian Exposition Part — 23 Composition of Jersey Herd in Test No. i 32 Composition of Jersey Herd in Test No. 2 38 Composition of Jersey Herd in Test No. 4 48 Cost of Butter in Test No. 3 18 Cows Contributed to the Tests i Cows Selected for Test No. i.. 3 Cows Selected for Test No. 2 3 Cows Selected for Test No. 3 3 Cows which Calved at Fair Barns 4 Dairy - 25 Dates of Last Calves of Cows in Test No. 3 44 Fat in Milk, Test No. 4 .-- 21 Feed 30 Feed and Milking in Test No. i 8 Five Days Preliminary to Test No. 2 8 Heifers Contributed to the Tests 2 Heifers Selected for Test No. 4 4 High Character and Impartiality of Tests 23 Individual Yields of Jerseys in Five Days Pre- liminary to Test No. 2 37 Individual Yields of Jerseys in Test No. i 36 Individual Yields of Jerseys in Test No. 2 42 Individual Yields of Jerseys in Test No. 3 47 Laboratory and Offices 25 Milk Fever 4 Milk in Test No. 2 12 Milk in Test No. 4 21 Milk to Pound of Butter, Test No. 2 13 Milk to Pound of Butter, Test No. 3 19 Milk to Pound of Cheese, Test No. i 8 Net Profit of all Cows in Sweepstakes, arranged in Order of Merit 51 Net Profit of all Cows in Test No. 2 41 Net Profit of all Cows in Test No. 3 19 PAGB Net Profit Per Day, Test No. 2 13 Net Profit Per Day, Test No. 3 19 Net Profits in Test No. i 7 Price of Butter 29 Production at World's Fair and at Home 28 Qualification of Cows for Tests 25 Recapitulation 52 Records of all Cows in Test No. i, in Order of Merit 35 Records of all Cows in Test No. 2, in Order of Merit ..- 41 Records of all Cows in Test No. 3, in Order of Merit .- 46 Records of Jersey Cows and all Three Compet- ing Herds in Test No. i 33, 34 Records of Jersey Cows and all Three Compet- ing Herds in Test No. 2 39, 40 Records of Jersey Cows and all Three Compet- ing Herds in Test No. 3 --45, 46 Records of Jerseys and both Competing Herds in Test No. 4. 49, 50 Records of Live Weight, Test No. 3 44 Records of Live Weight, Test No. 4. _ . 49 Relative Standing of all Cows in Test No. a.. 14 Rules Governing Tests 5 Scores of Cheese in Test No. i 7 Sick Cows, Test No. 2 14 Silage _- - 23 Solids not Fat in Test No. 2 - 12 Sweepstakes, Tests Nos. i, 2 and 3 50, 51 System of Weighing and Sampling Milk, Weighing and Feeding Feed 10 Testing Cows for Selection for Test No. i 5 Test No. I — Cheese 6 Test No. 2 — Ninety Days 9 Test No. 3 — Thirty Days.. . 17 Test No. 4 — Heifer Test 20 Total Butter of Jerseys in Tests Nos. i, 2 and 3 and " Five Days Preliminary" 48 Total Milkingsof Jerseys in Tests Nos. i, 2 and 3 and " Five Days Preliminary " 47 Values, Test No. 2 12 Values, Test No. 4 21 Visitors 24 Weighing of Cows 6 Yield of Milk- -.. - 30 Yield Produced -- 27 Yields of Jersey Cows for Five days Prelimi- nary to Test No. 2 37 / \ 002"i^^"Mmiu