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 PROCEEDINGS AND ADDRESS 
 
 OF' THE 
 
 SECOND CONVENTION , ti^ 
 
 OF 
 
 DELEGATES, 
 
 HELD AT THE CITY OF TRENTON, ON 
 THE FOURTH JULY, 181*, 
 
 TO THE 
 
 PEOPLE OF NEW JERSEY, 
 
IMIOCEEDINGS 
 
 Of a Convention of Delegates of the People of 
 New- Jersey, chosen in the several counties of 
 said state, and held, by public appointment, at 
 the city of Trenton, on the 4th of July, 1814. 
 
 The Delegates being assembled at ten o'clock proceeded to the 
 nomination and choice of a President and Secretary, and did 
 unanimously appoint the honorable WILLIAM COXE, Presi- 
 dent, and Franklin Davenport, Esq. Secretary. 
 
 On motion. Ordered^ That the names of the Delegates be In- 
 serted in the minutes, as follows : — 
 
 BERGEN COUNTY. 
 John Outwater, 
 Robert Campbell. 
 
 ESSEX. 
 Aaron Ogden, 
 John N. Camming, 
 Jonas Wade, 
 Philemon Elmer. 
 
 MIDDLESEX. 
 John N. Simpson, 
 Daniel Snowhill, 
 Moses Morris, 
 John Vanclcve. 
 
 SOMERSET. 
 Richard Stockton, 
 Abraham A. Duryea, 
 Frederick Frelinghuysen, 
 Joseph Annin, 
 Thomas King, 
 John Frelinghuysen, 
 Martin Schenck, 
 Andrew Howeil, 
 Frt'derick Vcrmule, 
 William Worth, 
 James Kinscy, 
 Henry Bl.'.ckwell, 
 John Strykcr, 
 John W. Scott. 
 
 MORRIS. 
 John G. Cooper, 
 Mahlon Ford. 
 
 MONMOUTH. 
 Thomas Henderson, 
 Elias Conover, 
 William Lloyd, 
 Robert Montgomery, 
 Richard S. Hartshorne, 
 Garret P. Wikoff, 
 Moses Spronle. 
 
 HUNTERDON. 
 James Stevenson, 
 William Potts, 
 Ralph H. Smith, 
 Charles D. Greei:, 
 John Phillips, 
 Lewis Phillips, 
 William Maxwell, 
 Aaron D. Woodrutl, 
 Enoch Hunt, 
 Alexander Chambers.. 
 John Scudder, 
 Lucius H. Stockton, 
 Nathan Beakes, 
 Benjamin Yard., 
 Charles Ewing, 
 David Manners, 
 Israel Caxle, 
 
 /^: 
 

 Richard M. Green, 
 William M'Gill, 
 John Schenck, 
 John Lequear. 
 
 BURLINGTON. 
 William Coxe, 
 William Griffith, 
 Charles Ellis, 
 Richard Cox, 
 William Iriclc, 
 Samuel J. Read, 
 William Earl, 
 John Wright, 
 Caleb Earl, 
 Cleayton Newbold, 
 William Pearson, 
 Richard L. Beatty, 
 Benjamin Hollinshead, 
 Samuel Haines. 
 
 GLOUCESTER. 
 Franklin Davenport, 
 Joshua L. Howell, 
 Job Eldridge, 
 Dayton Lummis, 
 John Kinsey, 
 John Roberts, 
 
 Robert Pearson, 
 Elias D. Woodrufl; 
 Edward Sharp. 
 
 SALEM. 
 Clement Acton, 
 Josiah Harrison, 
 Abraham Boyce, 
 Joseph Cook, 
 Philip Freas, 
 Charles Seely, 
 John Tuft. 
 
 CUMBERLAND. 
 James Giles, 
 Josiah Seely, 
 Ichabod Compton, 
 William B. Ewing, 
 Richard Campbell. 
 
 SUSSEX. 
 Jacob S. Thomson, 
 Robert C. Thomson, 
 Caleb Dusenbery, 
 John Kinney, jun. 
 Ezekiel Dennis. 
 
 , CAPE-MAY. 
 Joseph Falkinburge, 
 Robert M. Holme?. 
 
 On motion. Resolved, That this Convention will proceed to 
 eonsider on the alarming state of public affairs, and particularly 
 on the means for constitutionally and speedily relieving the peo- 
 ple of this state from the dreadful and increasing evils and dan- 
 gers of mis-government and war. 
 
 Whereupon, after full debate on the principles and measures 
 proper to be adopted at this time for the foregoing purpo«es, it 
 was, on motion, ordered that a committee be appointed of thir- 
 teen members, (each county delegation naming one) to report a 
 Ticket for Congress, draft Resolutions and an Address to the 
 People of New-Jersey, in conformity to the instructions and sense 
 of this Convention — and that they report at four o'clock in the 
 afternoon, 
 
 Whereupon the following delegates were chosen for said com- 
 mittee : — 
 
 i'V Bergen, Robert Campbell. 
 
 Essex, Aaron Ogdcn. 
 
Middlesex f John Vancleve. 
 
 Somerset^ Richard Stockton. 
 
 Monmouth^ Thomas Henderson. 
 
 Hunterdon^ Charles Ewing. 
 
 Jllorrhf John G. Cooper. 
 
 Bur/ingtofif Willianr^ Griffith. 
 
 Gloucestery Joshua L. Howell. 
 
 Salem^ Josiah Harrison. 
 
 Cumberland, William B. Ewing. 
 
 SusseXf Caleb Dusenbery. 
 
 Cape-Mayj Joseph Falkinburgc. 
 
 The Convention adjourned, to meet again at four o'clock in 
 the afternoon. 
 
 Afternoon, 4 o'clock. 
 The Convention being assembled again at said hour — present 
 as before — the coi^imittee appointed in the forenoon, made report 
 by Thomas Henderson, their chairman, as follows ; 
 
 I. On the subj-ict of a Congress Ticket, that in consequence of 
 the death of the honorable Jacob Hufty, and it being made known 
 to your committee that the honorable Richard Stockton, James 
 Schureman and William Coxe, decHne a re-nomination for the 
 next Congress, it became necessary to form an entire new ticket 
 for the consideration of the Convention. 
 
 Your committee have performed this delicate and important 
 duty, with entire unanimity, and with all that care of selectioa 
 and respect to local circumstances, that the case seemed to admit 
 of : In regard to local distribution, (which, however, should ev- 
 er be a subordinate consideration) we have confined ourselves to 
 the principle contained in the late district laiv. The names which 
 follow will shew that of the twelve persons proposed as candi- 
 dates, /o«^ are taken from each of those districts. We hope this 
 will meet the approbation of all. Your committee propose the 
 following six persons to be voted for by the " Friends ef Peace" 
 in New-Jersey, as Representatives in the next Congress of the 
 United States, viz : 
 
 JAMES GILES, of Cumberland. 
 
 SAMUEL W. HARRISON, of Gloucester. 
 
 JAMES PARKER, of Middlesex. 
 
 JOHN FRELINGHUYSEN, of Somerset. 
 
 JACOB S. THOMSON, of Sussex. 
 
 JOHN N. CUMMING, of Essex. 
 And as by death, or from other causes, vacancies may occur 
 in this nonunation, we have, (observing the same rule of locality) 
 
rccommciided the following persons as substitutes in such case, 
 in the order stated, viz : 
 
 William B. Ewing, of Cunnberland. 
 
 Benjamin Champneys, of do. 
 
 John N. Simpson, of Middlesex. 
 
 Samuel Bayard, of Somerset. 
 
 Robert Colfax, of Morris. 
 
 John Outwater, of Bergen. 
 
 2. Your committee also propose WILLIAM B. EWING, to 
 be voted for by the " Friends of Peace," as a Representative in 
 the Congress of the United States, in the place of Jacob Hufty, 
 Esq. deceased. 
 
 3. On the subject of Resolutions and an Address, we report 
 unanimously those which virill be presented by our chairman. 
 
 Signed, in behalf of the committee, 
 
 THOMAS HENDERSON, Chairman. 
 Whereupon, after some progress made, the Convention ad- 
 journed, to attend, with other public bodies and private citizens, 
 an Address, by Lucius H. Stockton, Esq. at the Presbyterian 
 Church, in Trenton, delivered at the request of the Convention. 
 Adjourned until 8 o'clock in the evening. 
 
 Eight o'clock in the evening. 
 The Convention met — present as before. 
 Unanimously Resolved, That the thanks of this Convention be 
 given to Lucius H. Stockton, Esq. for the eloquent and able Ad- 
 dress delivered this day before the Convention, at their request ; 
 and that General John N. Cumming, Colonel Joshua L. Howell, 
 and William Griffith, Esq. members of this Convention, do pre- 
 sent this resolution, and request from Mr. Stockton a copy of the 
 Address for publication. 
 
 The Convention resumed that part of the report of the com- 
 mittee which respects a Congress Ticket, and after full considera- 
 tion, adopted the same. 
 
 Whereupon, on motion, Resolved, That it be recommended to 
 the free Electors of New- Jersey, to support the following six per- 
 sons as Representatives of this state in the next Congress of the 
 United States, viz : 
 
 JAMES GILES, 
 
 SAMUEL W. HARRISON, 
 
 JAMES PARKER, 
 
 JOHN FRELINGHUYSEN, 
 
 JACOB S. THOMSON, 
 
 JOHN N. CUMMINU, 
 
and also to support WILLIAM B. EWING, as Representative 
 in Congress, in the place of Jacob Hufty, Esq. deceased. 
 
 And this Convention most earnestly recommends to their fel- 
 low-citizens unanimity and zeal in promoting its success. Con- 
 sidering that to preserve our country from the destroying policy 
 of the men in power, nothing short of a determined and united 
 effort of the people to remove them, can be of any avail. And 
 this Convention doth further recommend, in case of vacancies 
 happening, the substitution of the names of those gentlemen re- 
 ported by the committee, in the order, and from the parts of tlje 
 state, as reported. 
 
 The Convention proceeded to consider the Address and Reso- 
 lutions reported by the committee — which being read, debated and 
 amended — on the question whether this Convention do agree to 
 the same, it was unanimously voted in the alBrmative. And fur- 
 ther, it was resolved that the said Address and Resolutions, to- 
 gether with these proceedings, be inserted in the minutes, and be 
 signed by the president and Secretary of this Convention ; that 
 five thousand copies be published and distributed, in a pamphlet 
 form, among the several counties of this state, in such mamner 
 and proportions as may be deemed expedient -, and that Charles 
 Ewing, G. D. Wall and Wm. Potts, Esqs. be a comnxittee to per- 
 form this duty. 
 
 Signed, by order of the Convention, 
 
 WM. COXE, President 
 F. Davenport, Secretary. 
 
 Tr&nton, July 4, 1814. 
 
ADDRESS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 COJSrVEJYTIOA% 
 
 TO THE 
 
 FREE ELECTORS OF NEW JERSEY. 
 
 FELLOW CmZEJ\'S, 
 
 THE a£lual calamities brought on our country by 
 evil councils, and the dangers which furround it, feem to have ar- 
 rived at an extremity demanding the immediate interpofition of the 
 people. The capacity, virtue and policy of the two parties, have 
 had a fair trial ; the people have only to compare the past with the 
 present, in order to decide between them. Professions and pre- 
 tenfions are cafily fet up, and often lead nations as well as individ- 
 uals to diflionour and ruin. 
 
 The federal republicans of thefe dates appeal to facts, con- 
 fcious of pure and ardent attachment to the conflitution and lib- 
 erties of their country, eflabliflied by their oivn hands and coun- 
 cils. L'rofeflions and boviftings made no part of their claim to pub- 
 lic confidence. We reft our abui"ed principles and meafures, fel- 
 low citizens, on yonx senses ; by thefe let the Waihingtot; policy be 
 decided. Under the federal adminiftration of Wafhington i?ndhis 
 fuccelTor, a period of but twelve years, the people of thefe ftates, 
 from imbecility and impoverifhment, rofe to a height of profper- 
 ity, witha rapidity unexampled in the hiftory of nations — a iztk. 
 not controverted by any enlightened citizen. The American nama 
 and charncler were held in honour abroad -, ftrength and union 
 protected and cemented the ccfcileracy ; no fpirit of hoftility or 
 envious feeling were tlien foltered by the men in ofhce, aimin^; 
 deftruclion at the vital interefts of the c;mtnerdal and atlantic 
 states : the profperity of one was that of all. Justice prev;i::ed, 
 both public and private. The fountains of national profperity were 
 laid open. Navigation, commerce and the intcrefl'^ they con)pre- 
 hend — thofe of the husbandman, the merchant, the Ihip owner and 
 
8 
 
 the public revenue, all rofe to a fudden and unrivalled perfe£lion. 
 ^eace maintained with all the world, though fl-aken by revolutions 
 and the tempefl: of human crimes and paflions. Wafhington and 
 his council could not be feduced or driven from the uife haven 
 of neutral and impartial juftice. We all remember the loud clam- 
 ors raifed in his time againft Ettglatid by the French or war par- 
 ty in the United States, but he refifted them and faved his coun- 
 try. He would not risk the mij^hty blelTmgs in poflefllon on the 
 chances of war, nor plunge his country into untri-d fcenes of hor- 
 ror and certain evils, on queftionable points of maritime contro- 
 verfy — far lefs, without preparation, and under circumftances 
 rendering failure and dilhonor inevitable. In that period, the 
 whole face of fociety exhibited one progrefTing, fmiling profpecl 
 of general and individual happinefs. 
 
 Not only did riches, honeftly acquired In the arts of peace and 
 induftry, flow in upon the citizen, whatever his calling or profef- 
 fion, but the public treasury was made to overflow. Never did 
 any men in office, (notwithftanding the calumnies of the time) 
 eftablifh more truly and firmly the fotwdaticns of public wealth, 
 and provide the means of public juftice. The credit and honour 
 of the nation were untarniflied and every where refpefted. The 
 great departments of government, executive, legiflative and ju- 
 dicial, were filled and dire£led by native Americans, pofleffing 
 the knowledge of their ftations. The men who prefided in our 
 councils^ ftate and federal, purfued a fafe, ftraight and honeft pcltcy. 
 They nought not wars to gratify their palTions, or the purse and the 
 blood of their fellow citizens, as the means for their continu- 
 ance in power. Their meafures and their objeds were purely 
 American. They ftruck out no vifionary theories — were influsnced 
 by no ralh and vindictive palFions, but proceeded on the fure 
 grounds of praHical wiftiom and prudent Itigillation. In a word, 
 who does not remember with pride (and regret that it is paft) the 
 wide exttnded znd substantial happinefs enjoyf.d by the American 
 people, flowing from the pilicy of Wafliington, and thofe whom 
 he loved and honoured with his confidence — the federal repubh- 
 cant of the United States. 
 
 Let the rejlecling and candid citizen compare that period with 
 the prefent — the counciJs and policy which then prevailed— tiic 
 men who then poflcfled the confidence and proteded the inter- 
 efts of the people, and the meafures and fuccefs of their admin- 
 iftrations. Let the comparifon be made, and who but muft deep- 
 ly deplore the artr, delufions and incapacity by which American 
 ciiizcHS have been ftripped of their profpcrity, and reduced to 
 all the extteDoitiea which now overwhelm our country- 
 
Let the people of New- Jersey in particular, who have no inter- 
 eft. in this war, eftimate their lolVes by the interdidion of the coaft- 
 ing trade, by war prices, by increafed taxes, and view the prospect 
 before them. 
 
 Had the last twelve years, like the firft, been devoted to a peace- 
 ful policy, and to the attainment of thofe immenfe bt nefits which 
 our neutrality afforded, while all the world befides were in arms. 
 J/ knowing the dangers of war vihtxt power only decides, and ef- 
 pecialiy the danj^ers of a maritime war, defencelefs as we were, 
 and expofed at every point ; — z/, whilft we protefted againft ag- 
 grelTions and violations on fuppofed rights, not endangering our 
 country, nor eflentially checking the career of national greatnefs, 
 we had prepared to aflert them, by fteadily perfevering for a course 
 of years in laying the foundations oi their fupport, cultivating and 
 increafing population, national wealth and national happinefs and 
 union ; — //our neiv rulers had proceeded to build up confidence 
 at home by purfuing the fteady paths of juftice, and exhibiting 
 themfelves in the light of pradical ftatesmen and patriots, gov- 
 erning for the people and not for a party ; — if they had aimed at 
 giving permanency to constitutional principles, had cultivated the 
 intereft and union of the (laces, been the friends of commerce^ of 
 a gradual increafe of naval ftrength and maritime defence ; — if 
 they had with wife and paternal feeling, healed the wounds of par- 
 ty by moderation and equal juftice, confidcring only the general 
 good ; — if they had been fatisfied with the honour of securing and 
 strengthening the nation, by purfuing a cautious and honefl. neu- 
 tralityy giving no offence to contending powers by indire£l aid, 
 irritating partialities, and fetting up pretenfions in the hour of 
 their diftrefs ; — if in (hort, they had pursued the policy which 
 was bequeathed to them when they came into power, and aug- 
 mentcd the mighty ftock of national profperity received at the 
 hands of the federalists j whom they traduced — what nvight now 
 have been the envied condition of America ! The human mind 
 (had fuch men and councils prevailed) could with difHculty efti- 
 mate her progrefs in wealth, in population, in the means and pof- 
 feffion of revenue — in national Ilrength, and in permanent and im- 
 n\ovi}o\e foundations of national glory and individual happinefs. 
 
 Thefe ftates, with fuch immenfe boundaries, fo difperfed a pop- 
 ulation, fo rich but expofed a territory and commerce, required 
 many years of peace, before war could be fafe or honorable ; but 
 to the fhame and mifery of our country, no fuch views, feeling or 
 wifdom actuated the councils which succeeded thole of Wafliing- 
 ton. The very condition on which the^ claimed power and ob- 
 
 B 
 
10 
 
 taincd it, was to overturn the policy which had prrvailed ; and 
 this indeed is the only promife which, fatally for the country, they 
 have kept. 
 
 It were ufelefs now to review the a£ts of calumny and the de- 
 lufive pretexts which placed thofe men in power, who for the lad 
 fourteen years have f«//-ruled thefe dates ; and it were endlefs to 
 bring before the American people all thofe enormities of abufed 
 truft, of ignorance, rafli councils, party violence and luft of of- 
 fice, which have at length laid national and individual profperity 
 in fearful ruins. The recollections of the people of this and of 
 every ftate muft fupply ihc particulars of that long, unbroken fe- 
 ries of misrule and abufe of official authority, which has reduced 
 them to this deplorable condition. This convention can only 
 prefent an ouilific, and mod willingly would they be fpared from 
 a retrofpect fo painful and difgufting, were it not for the hope 
 of fome good from the recital. It may conduce to a change 
 of the prefent authors of fo many evils, and ferve in future to 
 wain our country, if once again reftored to its loft bleflings, fiom 
 yielding to specious innovations and promlfes of vifionary reform. 
 
 The American people may hereafter fet a greater value on tried 
 friends, on practical wifdom, and on substantial liberty and prof- 
 perity. It is now made evident to us all, and to the world, that 
 the reforms which were promifed have confifted in dangerous 
 and extravagant innovations, in pernicious experiments, and in 
 multiplying offices and grafping at the paltry obje6\s of party in- 
 fluence and official emolument. They have ended as was foretold, 
 in the violation of all found principles of American government 
 and policy, and in the a'flual deftruclion of every great national 
 interefl. Navigation, trade, revetme, increafing wealth, union, 
 public character, conflitutional principles, and all the foHd acqui- 
 fuions which lie at the foundation of permanent national ftrength 
 and independence, have well nigh disappeared. — To fill up the 
 meafure of our calamities, an odious, hopelefs and mofl devour- 
 ing luar^ is entailed on the land The whole btnt and employ- 
 ment of thofe in power for fourteen years, has been to engage 
 men's minds in hopes and fears, from ufelefs and pernicious pro- 
 je£ts of legiflation and politics. Inflead of preserving what had 
 been fecured, and augmenting the national fecuruics and means, 
 in a plain, honeft and uiuleviating courfe of public re£litude and 
 wifdom, thi y have kept the country in one continued flate of fnf- 
 fering and commotion, the more effcdlually to jullify their abfurd 
 felfish and ambitious deligtis. 
 
 There fcems to have been no fundamental rights of the Ameri- 
 can people — no nationai intercstSf which in this fhort term have net 
 
11 
 
 been violated or facrlficed ; and this by the men who obtained and 
 liave kept power by profefling and promifing to preferve and fe- 
 cure thofe interefts and rights more effe^ualiy than their prede- 
 ceflbrs. 
 
 In their hands, the Constitution of the United States, once 
 fo venerated and always io necefl'.try to tJie liberties of the people, 
 has been broken in almofl every article. The fa£ts are notorious. 
 
 Military law has been eftabliOie*! to enforce revenue laws. 
 
 Private property has been wrefled from its peaceable pofleflbr, 
 without legal procefs, by the military under executive orders. 
 
 Innocent citizens^ feized by military force, have been torn from 
 their homes, tranfported to the feat of government, and difcharg- 
 cd without accufation, or redrefs tor ruined chara£lers or fortunes. 
 
 Commissions lawfully ifTued and completed, have been illegally 
 withheld from the citizens appointed, by the preceding prefident, 
 only becaufe partizans were to be gratified. 
 
 The habeas corpus a5i, the only praOical fecurify againfl tyran* 
 nical abufe of perfonal liberty, has been fufpended in time of peace, 
 and this merely to overawe fr.edom of opinion. 
 
 Judicial quejlions^ frequently on the revenue laws, often mofl 
 penal in their nature, have been determined by edicts of the execu- 
 tive, contrary to their legal purport and obligation on the citizen. 
 
 The independence of the Judges has been taken away by the le- 
 gislature, on the recommendation of the executive. The office 
 of Judge is made dependent on the nvill of prefidents and party 
 majorities, againft the exprefs terms of the confl:itution,jleclaring 
 «' they fliall hold their office during good behaviour." — Thus, by 
 a fingle ftroke of ufurpation, making one independent department 
 of the government subject to the will of the other ; and in effect, 
 fubjedting men's liviss, liberty and property, to judges dependent 
 on party, and not on their " good behaviour" or redlitude in office. 
 
 A whole article of the conftitution, and one independent branch 
 of the government has been annihilated, fetting a precedent and 
 productive of confequences, fatal to the rights and liberties of the 
 people, as fecured by themselves. 
 
 To perpetuate their ^c/zV/Vrt/ afcendencc, and in violation of the 
 principles and intcrefts of the confederacy, a pernicious aristoc- 
 racy of STATES and persons, has been created. This has been 
 efFeded— 
 
 By making neiu states in that quarter of their influence, favour- 
 ble to a fouthern domination and Virginia dynafty. 
 
 By employing immenfe fums taken from the trcafury, in the 
 purchase of an useless foreign country., and converting it into ftatca 
 
12 
 
 for the fame purpofc of multiplying official dependents, and giv- 
 ing preponderance to Virginia and the fouthern dates, in the na- 
 tional legiflature and councils. 
 
 By changing the conftitution in the mode of choofing the pres- 
 ident and vice-prend/rnt, by which the larger dates arc enabled to 
 controul the fraaller, and make traffic of thcfe important offices. 
 
 By the monftrous ufurpation of nominating a president and vice 
 president at the seat of government^ in the vortex of intrigue, and 
 under the fmiles and patronage of the candidate propofed, inflead 
 of leaving the nomination to a free and unbought people. ' 
 
 "Ry proscribing men for their opinions, and banifhing from trull 
 and employment, the friends of Wafliington and his policy, there- 
 by depriving the nation of the counftls and fupport of its wifeft 
 and beft ciiizens, and alienating men's minds from the love of each 
 ctlier and their common country. 
 
 By multiplying offices and falaries, and appointing officers civil 
 and military, without experience or knowledge, remarkable chiefly 
 for party violence and incapacity, confequently more dependent 
 on the will and opinions of the prefident, and his weak but rafti 
 advifers. 
 
 By conferring high offices on ftrangers, pofleffing no attach- 
 ments but to the party which upholds them, and by thefe inftru- 
 mcnts flrengthening themfelves in office at the rifque of expofing 
 the people to the intrigues, ignorance and paffions of foreign 
 agents — men who it mufl be evident cannot love our country, 
 nor care for or underftand its interefts. 
 
 And finally, by violating the freedom of fpeech and opinions, 
 overawing eledlions, and introducing terror and military defpotifm. 
 
 Taking a view of legislative and executive conduct, a fcene of 
 weaknefs and deplorable mis-rule unfolds itfelf. The American 
 freeman who reviews all this mafs of political intrigue, imbecility 
 and corruption, may well exclaim " Give us back peace and the 
 honefl policy of Wafhington." Year after year has pafled away 
 in bufy and officious mischief — In holding out falfe hopes — In am- 
 biguous presidential messages — In feigned negociations — In multifa- 
 rious projects, and in contradictory and futile resolutions — In vain 
 boasting, and inflammatory speeches — In imbecile threatening againft 
 one foreign government and abject fubmissions and even aid to 
 another, more infolently a ivrong-doer. 
 
 By all this the public mind was kept diftracted, and the great pur- 
 pofes of fteady, ufeful government, overlooked or abandoned. — 
 The fubftantial intereds and profperity of the nation literally and 
 ihamefully facrificcd. 
 
13 
 
 Novelties, moft inconsiftent with our ancient habits, and mod 
 injurious to American rights and interefts, have been introducfd 
 and perfevercd in, to the almoil entire fubverslon of the forma 
 of American policy. 
 
 Such extraordinary acts of governrtient too, have proceeded 
 from the very men who affected to condemn them as anti-repub- 
 iican and defpotic. Thefe novelties consift — 
 
 In secret legishitioti, hiding from the people the opinions and 
 conduct of their agents — Cioied doors and concealment, have be- 
 come habitual, and continued from day to day. The American 
 people at this moment are kept in ignorance on points of vital im- 
 portance to their interefts and honor — 
 
 In Presidential Recovimendaiioris, adopted by the legislature, in 
 cafes calling for the moft mature reflection and enquiry, without 
 either. All inveftigation, even oi facts, rrfufed, thereby putting 
 thegreateft national rights on the iiTue of executive veracity, or his 
 infallible judgment, remarkable, perhaps, for neither. Moft of 
 the monftrous and pernicious plans which have funk the coun- 
 try to its prefent condition, came to the reprefentatives of the peo- 
 ple, not for discussion, but adoption — 
 
 • In preventing free debate^ whereby the reprefentatives of the peo- 
 ple oppofed to the meafures of adminiftration, under an arbitrary 
 rule of the majority, have been deprived of their eHential rights, 
 and the rights of the people to the opinions and fervices of their 
 reprefentatives violated — 
 
 In repressing the right and freedom of petition zgz\n?i grievances. 
 The people's remonftrances and requefts being ordered to lit on 
 the table, or contemptuously thrown aside to a diftant day — 
 
 In the invention of permanent fyftems of embargo, mn-impor' 
 tation, and non-intercourse, by land or water, even along our ovrn 
 coafts — Perfeveringly followed up for near the term of two presi- 
 dencies— Syftems firft introduced by the tyrant of France, and to 
 him ufeful in promoting his grand fchemes of univerfal conqueft, 
 but to America, novel and deftructive to the laft degree — Syf- 
 tems calculated to bear down and impoverifh the commercial ftates, 
 to deprcfs our own products and raife the price of foreign — toex- 
 tinguifli national revenue, (hips and failors' rights, to encourage 
 fmuggling and immoral evasion and breach of the laws. Syfterae 
 of legiflation, in (hort, fatal to induftry and the productive arts of 
 life, and beyond all queftion more injurious to thefe ftates than 
 luar itfelf, in as much as the fuffering fell wholly on curselves — 
 other nations looking on unhurt by thefe infatuated acts of felf- 
 deftruction, rejoicing to fee this fihis and profperouj country. 
 
14 
 
 which aimed death at them, falling the victim of its own wrath 
 and folly. 
 
 With refpect to the public refources and wealth that have been 
 annihilated — 
 
 The men in power, who profcflbd economy, have far exceeded 
 not only the preceding adminiftrations in expenditure, but any 
 which ever before fquandered the fubftanceof a patient and confi- 
 ding peopl©. 
 
 Before this war,th«y had received not lefs than two hundred mil- 
 lions of dollars into the treafury : all this (except about 30 millions 
 paid on the old debt) was fpent or fquandered without ftrengthen- 
 ing the nation, or adding a fingle important item to the stock of 
 American fecurities. Not even a frigate was added to the federal 
 navy, but offices and falaries were continually multiplied. 
 
 Fifttftn millions paid for ufelcfs territory, and to fill the coffers 
 of Bonaparte. 
 
 Vaft fums expended in fruitlefs or injurious cmbaffies, and oa 
 diplomatic favourites. 
 
 The navy, army and civil lift expenfes, were enormous, and yet 
 inefiicient. 
 
 Untold thoufands were drawn from the treafury in proje^ls ufe- 
 lefs and difreputable to the nation. 
 
 In building, equipping and maintaining gun-boats. 
 
 In secret fervice monies. 
 
 In torpedo experiments, and in paying English impostors ior the 
 purpofe of calumniating Ameuczn patriots. 
 
 In (hort, the expenditures of peace were little lefs than thofc 
 which might have fupported a fuccefsful war. 
 
 In onr foreign relations, the fame infatuated policy prevailed. — 
 The ufurper and tyrant was countenanced, obeyed, and all his pro- 
 jc£ls admired. 
 
 France, jacobin France, was courted and aided, whilft fiie in- 
 fulted and plundered us, and her enormities as much as polTible 
 concealed. 
 
 England was threatened and iiritatcd — treaties with her rejcd- 
 ed — her ambaffadors deceived and fent away, and every means 
 adopted to create and keep alive refentment, and prepare for her 
 dcftrudion by a long fought war, when the propitious moment 
 (hould arrive. 
 
 Spain, fighting againft the tyrant for her liberties, caufed no 
 fympathy : Spain, tliat fought for American liberty, poffefled not 
 even their good wiflies. On the contrary, they wilhed fuccefs to 
 her deftroyer. They denied her hread, refufed her ambaflador, and 
 
15 
 
 and in her dlftrefs f«i2eci upon her territories, and countenanced 
 the invafion of her provinces, placed as they were under the fafe- 
 guard of American faith and honour- 
 
 "With Tripoli, Algiers and tlie Indian tribes, there has fcarcely 
 been a ceflation from wars, tribute and expense. 
 
 The invafion of the Indian country and burning their towns in 
 1810, lighted up the vengeance, and brought upon our frontier 
 all the horror of the united favagc tribes. 
 
 Thus did the adminiftration condu6l with foreign governments, 
 getting deeper into European quarrels. They exhaufted and waft- 
 ed the refources of our country, in contemptible fchemes for ftar- 
 ving colonifts, or raifing infurreflions among European manufac- 
 turers. In pafTing laws conditioned to make them keep the peace^ 
 or go to war with us ; thus entangling ouifelves in nets of dc- 
 flru£lion made by our own hands. 
 
 This race in the road to ruin feemed nearly run — but one enor" 
 imiy yet remained ; and finally, after exhaufting the national 
 refources in twelve years of prodigal waftefulnefs, wearing out 
 the national fpirit, creating difunion of the ftates, and general dif- 
 afFedion to their fchemes of mrfrule, without preparation, and 
 fcarcely with a real pretext^ they DECLARED WAR againft 
 Great-Britain. 
 
 Fellow Citizensy we have not language to depift the fenfe we 
 entertain of this death blow to the beft hopes and interefts of our 
 beloved country. 
 
 How can thofe in the (late or general government, who fo rafh- 
 ly plunged their country into war, unprepared, and againfl; an en- 
 emy fo powerful, anfwer to God or to the People for the dreadful 
 coNSEctyENCEs. Surely they (hould no longer be trufted by their 
 fellow men. 
 
 This war, as was mbft certain it muft, in fuch hands, under fuch 
 circumftances and on fuch grounds, has progrefled in (hame, lofs 
 and difappointment. It has been conduSled with a folly and prof- 
 ligate wastefulness of the people's blood and money, in fo (hort a 
 time unexampled in the annals of the world. 
 
 What do we all bear witness to but 
 
 A fickle, divldc«t and difonayed cabinet. 
 
 Ufelcfs armits employed on th' lakes and devouring the land. 
 
 Militarf ccmmatidii-s without skill, facriiicing brave men, cap- 
 tured, defeated or difgraced at every point, throwing the blame 
 on the adminiftration, and the adminiftration on them ! 
 
 An exhaufted if not a bankrupt treafury. 
 
 A deftroyed commerce and agriculture. 
 
16 
 
 A capturej or blocked up navy. 
 
 Our coafting ved'els and trade demoliftied on two thoufand miles 
 of feaboard. 
 
 Immenfe Loans — government receiving eighty-five dollars, and 
 pledging the people to pay one hundred to the lender ! 
 
 Multiplied and increafing taxation on all the neccllrries of life 
 — the excife fyftem mofl; inequitably bearing on the poor. 
 
 Double duties, war prices, the exportation of fpecie, and no 
 export of our own products, giving difconttnt, and wc fear a dif- 
 folving confederacy^. 
 
 A defperate adminiftration who refufe peac* and are (bedding 
 the blood and fpending the fubftance of Americausy on queftions 
 about the rights of Englifh faiiors and emigrants. 
 
 A pe'.ple impoveriflied, di{tra£led with apprehenfions, expofed to 
 fire and fword, torn from their homes, and bleeding at every point 
 on a circumference of five thoufand miles. 
 
 A ftupendous fyftem of public frauds and delinquency among 
 contradling army agents, and the hoft of retainers upon govern- 
 ment. 
 
 Yet, not a s'wgle national obje£l fecured ! 
 
 Is not all this the fruits of tivo years of ivar^ and prefent to our 
 fenfes .'* — And is Great-Britain humbled ? is Canada taken, after 
 the lofs of ten thoufand men and one hundred millions of dollars, 
 with all the other more dreadful mifchiefs of this war ; or are 
 we not bafHed and diftionoured by the mifcondu6l of the men 
 who govern atid command ^ By thofe men who are calling on us 
 even yety to fupport them and their measures ! Have we eftablilhed 
 fallor's rights, or any right, or has It ever been made known what 
 we arc fighting for .'' On the contrary, are we not now merely 
 fcrambling for our lives and firefides, and in the wonderful prov- 
 idence of God, left alone on the theatre of the world, abandoned 
 of every nation, and contending with or rather trufting to the tncr- 
 ty and magnnnimlty of the nation ice aitachd, invaded, and meant, 
 with the aid of the tyrant, to dcftroy. 
 
 Fellow ciiize/ts, we ceafe this catalogue of public ivces — of fo 
 many dreadful evils brought on us by ttieri who were to amend znd. 
 improve our condition — men who fcorned the fafe and profperous 
 policy of Wafliington and liis friends ; and promised to the people 
 that they fliould be without wars, taxes, navies, armies, public 
 <lcbts, loans and numerous officers of government. Inftead of 
 which, they have done nothing else but create and incrcafe all thefe 
 evils. 
 
 We ceafe to fpeak of this long courfe of downward and de- 
 ftruflive mif-government. But IJiail we interpofc no remedy ? — 
 
17 
 
 Are fuch tnen and nieafures longer to be upheld ? Surely it 13 
 time to think of a remedy ; and what other prefents iifelf, what 
 other ought we to take, but to make a general and tlwrough 
 chatige. 
 
 All governments, at times, arc forced to change the men in ad- 
 niinlftration, or pcrifh by their faults and continuance. 
 
 What caufes or complaints to be compared with thofe we have 
 enumerated, induced us to raife thefe men into power who com- 
 plained and promifed fo much ? and to put thofe out of power 
 who under Wafhington had made us great and proipcrous ? 
 
 It is full time for a people who have fo patiently endured fuch 
 evils, and defire at length to efcape from tliem, to put their affairs 
 in other hands. Let us, fellow citizens, endeavour to get back to 
 Peace and to the Wafliington policy. 
 
 Even fhould a forced peaca on paper be announced, let us take 
 care to maintain and improve it by placing in evei-y department of 
 the general and fbite governments the Friends of Peace. 
 
 The men in power have forfeited all conhdence. They found 
 us in peace and profperity — their courfe was foretold — they have 
 involved us in difunion, lofl: rights and poverty. 
 
 Should this direful conteft unhappily be ccniiinied, can this na- 
 tion longer truft her honor, fafety and exiftence in fuch feeble 
 hands ? Our greatefl: enemies could not have devi.fed plans more 
 injurious to American interefts. 
 
 Whether we have war or peace, let us restore to our councils the 
 experience, the wifdom and the policy, which raifed our nation to 
 fuch exalted greatnefs. 
 
 We befeech you, fellow citizens, to lay afide mere party attach- 
 ments, and look at the flate of the country. Reflefl that fuch 
 continued and great evils could not have come on us but by the 
 moft egregious folly and misrule. Indeed the path of wifdom 
 and fecurity feemed plain. Let a thorough change be ma^lc : fear 
 not that it can be worfe for us. The friends of Wafliington and 
 peace will not betray or defert their country. Give them the 
 means of direding and aiding it, by your fuffrages, and they will, 
 not dlfappoint your hopes. 
 
 This Convention addreffes itfelf to the People of New-Jcrfey. — 
 Thefe ruinous meafures, and this hateful, moft unneceflliry and 
 wafteful TiJ^r, cannot be laid to thcticcount of the people : we 
 know on the contrary that they are diflatisfied, injured, and defire 
 to be relieved from fo many prefent fufferings and expected dan- 
 gers. Thefe meafures, and this war, and all thefe miferies, flow 
 from a weak, infatuated admiuistratio/i— from men in ^^-r, upheld 
 
 C 
 
13 
 
 by delufions and promifes, and whofe intcrcfts and obftinacy com- 
 bine to encourage and maintain plans and principles which have 
 proved, as was foretold, the bane of public profperity. 
 
 It is our duty to be plain. — We repeat our unfeigned belief that 
 there muft be an entire removal oi vifionary men and the friends 
 of this war, in every flate and department of legiflation, before 
 the blefTuigs of peace and of good government can be reftored. 
 The remedy is in our own hands. Let us all firmly resclve (how- 
 ever we muft endure the existing evils with fortitude and patience) 
 that the freedom of suffrage fhall finally re-eftablifh the Friends of 
 Peace and the Policy of Waihington. 
 
 Signed by order of the Convention, 
 
 WILLIAM COXE, Prtsident. 
 
 V, Davenport, Secretary. 
 
RESOLUTIONS 
 
 PASSED BY THE CONVENTION 
 
 DEEPLY afFe£led by the gloom which furrounds the deftiny 
 of thefe dates, reduced to a condition fo precarious, by a courfe 
 of mtsrule not to be paralleled, this convention neverthelefs, con- 
 fiding in the final difcernment and virtue of the people^ do not 
 defpair of the republic. We will not confound the people and the 
 men in office. This convention is free to declare they believe the 
 peopky of whatever party, mean the good and the profpcrity of 
 their country. It is to a virtuous and independent body of citi- 
 zens thefe proceedings are addrefled. We are perfuaded they will 
 not uphold an adminiftration or fet of men in oflice, if convinced 
 of their unfimefs and mif-government. Errors and deceptions 
 have been thickly fown, and produced the greateft calamities.— 
 Happy if becoming wife by our experience and misfortunes, wC 
 Jhall all at length perceive the cause of them — the weak, violent 
 and fatal meafures of the men in power, and turn for redrefs as is 
 done in fuch extremities, to a new and a better adniinistraiion^: 
 Wherefore 
 
 Resolvedj That at the enfuing ele£lion for Reprefentatives in 
 Congrefs, it be recommended to the Free Ele£lors of New-Jerfey 
 to fuppqrt with their united exertions, the following Ticket : 
 
 JAMES GILES, 
 
 SAMUEL W. HARRISON, 
 
 JAMES PARKER, 
 
 JOHN FRELINGHUYSEN, 
 
 JACOB S. THOMSON, 
 
 JOHN N. GUMMING, 
 and alfo WILLIAM B. EWING, as Representative in the Con- 
 gress of the United States, in the place of Jacob Hufty, Esq. de- 
 ceased. 
 
 To thefe, the country may confidently look for the fupport of 
 its true honour and profperity. They will reftore peace if it 
 can now be obtained without national degradation, or if war muft 
 be continued, they will not difgrace Americans : And in rcfpetTl to 
 Reprefentatives for the State Legislaiuref this convention do earn- 
 
20 
 
 eftly recbnimcud it to the people in each county to hold mceti:igs, 
 make noiriinations, and ufe all diligence and prudence io prevent 
 the reeledlion of the advocates of the loavy and of fuch a ruinous 
 £ourfe of policy ; and in their places to return men known to be 
 attached to peace and to the Wafhingion policy. 
 
 Whereas the right of the people to express their opinions upon 
 the condiicl of men in office^ their ability and motives, is brought in- 
 to qucftion, the perfons now in ofhce and their adherents denom- 
 inating it "moral treafon" and "enmity to the country" for the 
 people to fpcak and vote againft them and their meafures ; as if in 
 their ruinous and changing acls, opinions and policy, were to be 
 found American liberty and independence — 
 
 We the Convention of Friends of Peace in New-Jerfey, for 
 ourfeJves and tl\e great numbers of freemen whom we reprefent, 
 do PROTEST againft fuch flavifli and anti-republican principles. 
 
 W~e hold it the firft and mod precious of all rights, that the 
 people enjoy perfecSl freedom of opinion, of speech y2inA of suffrage. 
 No matter who the men are, or ivhat their meafures, nor with 
 what pretences of purity, wifdom and patriotifm, they claim pow- 
 er, or profecute their fchemes of policy and government : every 
 citizen and every clafs of men in fociety may freely examine the 
 condu6l and ability of thofe entrufted with their deareft rights, and 
 adl according to their honeft convictions. Thcfe rights are fo necef- 
 fary and undoubted, this convention will not impair their ineflima- 
 ble value fo much as to debate their exigence or extent. 
 
 The people who elecJ men to oihce for the good of the country, 
 ITiay, if their meafures prove injurious to the commonwealth, or,if 
 believed incapable or corrupt, turn them cut of ofTice for the good 
 of their country, and choofe again. 
 
 The means to effedl this necefTarily make a part of their rights. 
 Thefe means arc the liberties of opinion, of fpeecli, of the prefs and 
 of fulTrage. They muft all be ufed, and freemen have a right to ufe 
 them, in order to fave the country from a continuance in power of 
 weak or wicked men — men who by breaches of the conftitution, 
 arbitrary power, ufelefs taxes and extravagance, unnecefl'ary and 
 impolitic war, or any other mifchievous policy, threaten the ruin 
 of the nation. If thofe who have got into olRce and govern as 
 they will, (hall contend that expofure of ihem and the abuses of 
 their trust, whether from folly or wilful mt-afures of violence and 
 wrong, is " oppofiiion to the country and the government," we 
 repeat our protest againfl fuch manifeft arrogaiice and infult to 
 the common fenfe of mankind. Silence and passive okedience to 
 •Ai^G of folly, opprclhon and national ruin, never were and never 
 
21 
 
 ought to be impofeJ upon the good people of thcfe flates. On ihis 
 point, those are the real enemies of their country who fupport and 
 countenance the opinion that the men in office are infallible, and 
 glofs over their mal-condu6l and deftrudive meafures, by calling 
 fuch meafures the " government." Thofe are the enemies of re- 
 pubUcan and good government, who by threats, mobs, niaflacres 
 and abufe, endeavour to crufli the freedom of fpecch and of the 
 prefs, and prevent the people from removing from public truft 
 thofe who abufe it. 
 
 How are the dreadful evils of power abufed, and of a whole 
 people falling into the depths of public and private ruin, to be 
 averted, if to complain of, expofc and conftitutionally refill fuch 
 men and meafures is " enmity to the country" ? 
 
 If t|:ie constitution is violated by the perfons in office, the better 
 to execute their fchemes of Icgiflation, and perpetuate their party 
 and power, (hall thefe acts pafs into precedent and remain unrew 
 drefled, becaufe to expofe the fad and the deFinqiient is *' oppofi- 
 tlon to government" ? 
 
 If the president makes or interprets laws, arming fubaltern 
 agents with illegal instruHions, giving them power over men's per- 
 fons, property and lives, without trial by judge and jury, and the 
 forms of legal proceedure : 
 
 If majorities in congrefs, impelled by motives of party and paf- 
 fion, or governed by implicit reliance on executive meflages, or 
 acting under honeft but erroneous views of the public good, pro- 
 ceed to meafures and perfevere in fyftems ftriking at the profperi- 
 ty and endangering the exiftence of the union : 
 
 If having power only to " regulate*' trade, congrefs fliould in a 
 time of peace by a law deftroy it : 
 
 If they fhould give away millions out of the public treafury for 
 "foreign". territories, or obtain them by " conqueft,-' through the 
 expenfe and horrors of war, when fuch acceffions are difputed, 
 worthlefs or an encumbrance : 
 
 If then they fiiould ere£l thefe territories into new states op- 
 pofed to commerce, giving thereby a preponderance to a fouthern 
 policy and domination, molt deftrudlive to the conititutional 
 weight of the antient ftates, or any of them, and fubverfive of 
 their eflential interefts and profperity : 
 
 If when their country is at peq;;e and more profperous than any 
 other nation in its commerce, yielding a revenue of fixteen mil- 
 lions, exceeding in amount any former year, they in that very year 
 (on a lopfe fuggeftion of the executive) without fuflPering debate, 
 lliould arreft and prohibit all trader and that permanently, laying 
 
22 
 
 up fuddenly fourteen hundred thousand tons bf shippings vith aH 
 their immcnfe connections and relations to induftrjr and wealth, 
 on pretence of the poflibility of lofmg a fmall part : 
 
 If after thefc embargoes and noi'-intercourfe with the world 
 are continued five years, and nigh all our {hip<:, failors and trade 
 lost hy fuch felf dcflrudlive meafures and fjcrifjces made to pro- 
 voke England and aid the grand fcheme of her enemy ; if then, 
 after deftroying the objeGs of war ourfelves, a majority in con- 
 grefs (hould declare war for injuries done to (hips, failors and 
 commerce, by England : 
 
 If this war is declared without notice to hundreds of our 
 fliips in foreign ports — with revenue gone, our harbours and towns 
 unguarded, without (hips of war, men, money, magazines or prep- 
 aration : 
 
 If with ftate diffentions and clafliing intciefls, divided coun- 
 cils, and againft the wifties, opinions and remonftrances of mil- 
 lions of the people, a majority in congrefs fhould be found fo 
 rafh and loft to confrquences as to risk^ under fuch circumftan- 
 ces, the union and great interefts of thefe ftates, to the chance of 
 WAR, when to defer the time and prepare the means was in its 
 choice : 
 
 If that wai is declared againft the moft po-iverful nation in the 
 world, in a moft unexampled pofture of preparation, efpecially 
 on the ocean — our own territories on all fides acceflible to the 
 approach cf her fleets, giving our enemy at once the mastery of 
 the pretended cbjeEis of the war, " free trade and failors' rights," 
 almoft ruined long before war was declared by our own z€i% oi 
 folly and paiTion : 
 
 If before the horrid evils of the war had set in, and before its 
 declaration was ever known to England, that government removed 
 the principal pretended c^ufe, and afterwards propofed an artms- 
 tice, ofr<£ring immediately to negociate a friendly fettlement of re- 
 maining complaints; i/" yet the men in power ftiould rtjeB the 
 armifticc and negociation, prefering to rifque their country and 
 a/I its rights and JjlefTings upon the issue of the siuord : 
 
 If, inftead of Jottifying their harbours and preparing for 
 defence on the feaboard, building ftiips of war and aflailing the 
 trade of the enemy, the men in power fiiould leave the commer- 
 cial towns and populous diftri<fts on the fea-coaft without troops 
 or defence, and meditate plans of conquest a thoufand miles from 
 the ocean— the conqoeft of a cold and worthlefs country beyond 
 the frozen lakes of the north — expending in two years, one hun- 
 dred tnillionr, in vain and difgraccful attempts to conquer Canada • 
 
23 
 
 Ir the men thus making this war and direfling It (hould from 
 the beginning conduHxt without intelligence, vigour or fyftem, baf- 
 fled, defeated and difgraced by a few weak and almoft defencelefs 
 colonifts, unprepared (in the confidence of our friendihip and juf- 
 tice^ to refift the horrors of invaGon, and bayonets prepared for 
 their bofoms : 
 
 If military commands are given by the prefident and his coun- 
 cils to men who, one after the other without exception, prove 
 hughing flocks for the world, facrificing the lives of thoufandsof 
 brave Americans by rafhnefs, ignorance and cowardice, and bring- 
 ing difgrace on the American name : 
 
 If a fcene of profligate and bctwdless ivaste of the public trea- 
 sure cnfues, unparalleled in any country, and pervading every de- 
 partment and quarter : 
 
 If wc and our pofterity, at the end of only two years, are invol- 
 ved in one hundred millions of neiu debt, by a difgraceful war : 
 
 If all this has been incurred by the men in office, befides the lof*- 
 of as much more to private citizens, by the deftru<Slion of property 
 and bufinefs, and yet not a fingle object attained by them for the 
 country, unlefs the objeds of the war were to aid the tyrant, feed 
 and enrich the makers of it and their ofRcial partizans, and to 
 create new props to their power by multiplying innumerable and 
 Infatlable bands of army agents, contractors and dependents on tl^ 
 war : 
 
 If the Canadas remain unconquered, and even our own ter- 
 ritory and fortrefles are poflefled by our enemy : 
 
 If our luhole seaboard^ and every river and inlet is blockaded, and 
 our tonuns become the fcenes of bloodlhed, fire and rapine : 
 
 If o\xx jronUer fettlements have undergone and are expofed to 
 the mod dreadful effects of favage warfare and retaliation for A- 
 meriean invasign and cruelties : 
 
 If our armies, notwithflanding the immenfe levies authorized 
 by acts of congrefs, and the millions of money appropriated for 
 their enlifiment and fupport, are diminished znd diminishing, whilft 
 the war and the enemy are becoming more terrible : 
 
 If our ships cf war are blocked up and difmantled : 
 
 If our gun- boats, merchant fhips, letters of marque and pri- 
 vateers, are laid up, captured or deftroyed, with but few excep- 
 tions : 
 
 If our coafling vefTels, packets and fmall craft, with their car- 
 goes, are by hundreds made prize of or burnt : 
 
 If the militia of the feveral itates, after all the treafure, taxes 
 and loans fpent for regular armlcf* are drafted, marched to the 
 
24 
 
 frontiers, made to perform garrifon duty and kept pofting from' 
 place to place for the fafety of defencelefs villages, at an expenfe 
 of time, lofs and public money, not to be eftimated, and if this 
 mufl: be continued : 
 
 If national bankruptcy is at hand, public accounts in arrear, to 
 the amount of millions concealed and even unlocked at, as the 
 fecretary at war declares -, the armies unrecruited and military 
 Itores and magazines unprovided : 
 
 If all the /^opes and schemes of a fliort -fighted cabinet from tlie 
 fuccefs of a wicked tyrant over the liberties of Europe, are termin- 
 ated by his downfal : 
 
 If the abufed and deceived people of thefe United States, in 
 every quarter, y^f/ nothing but the prelTiire of taxes, of high prices, 
 and diflrclTcs produced by the deftrudlion of life, property and 
 businefs : 
 
 If thefe are to them the only fruit of a war which they were told 
 fliould redrefs their wrongs and encircle us with conqueft and 
 glory: 
 
 If, looking hack^ nothing is reviewed but empty promifes, vain 
 boaflings, errors, slaughter, defeats and waftefulnefs ; and furvey- 
 ing the prospect before usy we find our country without a friend 
 among the powers of the earth, all nationst viewing us as the con- 
 federates of the tyrant againft their liberties : 
 
 If we perceive an enemy, triumphant over the mightieft: dangers, 
 furrounded with glory and power, pouring her liberated fhips and 
 armies upon our defencelefs waters and population, in an over- 
 whelming torrent of war, to meet our challenge and revenge in- 
 juries and aggression in time of her diflrefs : 
 
 If inftead of pretended rights fccured, and territories conquer- 
 ed by war, (with as yet fcarce an effort of the enemy) our cabinet 
 mufl fuppllcate and receive peace from the clemency of Englaiid, or 
 fight on through a hopelefs and fatal war, risking our very exist- 
 ence as a nation : 
 
 If the men, who by calumnies and popular delusions, wrefled 
 the adminiftration of public affairs from the friends of Wafhing- 
 ton and liis policy — who promifed more of republican purity and 
 moderation, more economy and equality, more ability to govern, 
 more profperity at home and abroad, and Icfs of falaries, ofUces, 
 taxes, armies, navies, and foreign entanglements — have, on the 
 contrary, purfued the very opposite courfe : 
 
 If thefe pretended patriots, intent chiefly on olTice, emolument, 
 party afcendancy and power, have failed to perform a single prom- 
 ise, or reform a single grievance complained of — but by a baneful, 
 
25 
 
 visionary and headlong courfe of passion, folly and extravagance, 
 have overturned the fure foundations of national profjierity laid 
 by Wafliington and the Federal Republicans of America, fquan- 
 dering away the blood, treafure and fecurities of the nation, with- 
 out object or attainment of one public advantage, to compenfate 
 for fuch a feries and mafs of evil : 
 
 If all these acts and conslquences have, in fourteen years, 
 flowed from the men who changed the policy cf Washitigtotif and 
 have purfued, and are now purfuing, and will pcrfevere in thefe 
 courfes of public ruin (and all thefe grievances do manifeflly ex- 
 ift) — then let it be asked — who is the "enemy to his country 
 and her rights"— -He who countenances and supports fuch men and 
 measures^ or he who would save it from entire deflruction, by re- 
 moving from truil fuch unworthy violaters of the people's bed in- 
 terefts and the nation's good ? 
 
 This Convention aflert the necessity and the right of making 
 fuch a change — they resolve, therefore, that all attempts to fllgma- 
 tise the friends of peace and reforniy with difafFection to their 
 country, are violations of the rights of freemen : That all means 
 ufed by the men in power or advocates of fuch deftruciive mea- 
 fures, to intimidatethe people, by reprefenting their juft complaints, 
 under oppression and impending ruin, as factious and treafonable, 
 are violations of public liberty, and if fubmitted to, public evils 
 will be incurable and the domination of weak or unprincipled 
 men be perpetual : It being evident that to oppofe bad men or 
 meafures, and to change them, is not opposition, but fupport of 
 good government. 
 
 This Convention, therefore, do recommend to all their fellow- 
 citizens to aflert their rights of opinion and fuffrage, and if they 
 believe such men and meafures will ruin the country, whatever 
 former queflions divided them, to join in one common effort to 
 change the adminiftrations of the general and flate governments, 
 as their only chance of relief from fo many grievances. 
 
 Whereas the war, hitherto fo difgraceful and desolating, was 
 declared againll the remonflrances and opinions of a large propor- 
 tion of the people of thefe ftates, and in all probability by a ma- 
 jority ; and wliereas, in conducting it, the government has 
 tfxcluded the friends of federal policy, and of peace, who have no 
 power or influence, and ought not therefore to be responsible for 
 the calamitous events which fuch a war mufl produce : This Con- 
 vention, for itfelf and its conftituents, do avow their mod devot- 
 ed love and attachment to their country, its conftltutlons and prof- 
 perity : They are opprefled with grief and alarm at the dangers 
 
 D 
 
26 
 
 and diftrefles which encompafs it : They yield to no clamorous 
 partisati of the men in power, or fenfelefs pretender to extraor- 
 dinary patriotifm, in real attachment to the honor and jufl triumphs 
 of the American character ; and they are incapable of any fenti- 
 ment or wi(h derogatory to the eflential rights of the nation : But 
 inafmuch as the acts of the men in power have been fo deftruc- 
 tive of both character and rights — as the friends of peace and the 
 Wafliington policy are excluded from the cabinet councils and 
 pofiefs no control over the adminiftration of public affairs ; as in 
 regard to this war, they deemed it the mod unneceffary, impolitic, 
 u'icked ahd deftructive meafure ever ventered upon by a deluded 
 and defperate party : As this Convention and their conftituents 
 have no hope in the removal of public grievances while fuch men 
 retain power and confidence, and «s they cannot in duty to God 
 and their confcience outwardly approve what is mod abhorrent 
 to their feelings and judgment — Therefore they deem it fit to de- 
 clare that they difregird the reproach of not volunteering their 
 lives and fortunes in favor of this war : They have no lot in the 
 councils of the war — in army commissions and military com- 
 mands, they undoubtedly believe that under fuch men as rule 
 in the cabinet and camp, no people, whatever their rights, their 
 numbers or means, can profper either in peace or war. Thofe 
 who made and advocate the war and the conductors of it, have 
 not wanted numbers or means : Though the inftigators of it keep 
 at a diftance from danger, yet they have had the refources of a 
 great and flourifliing country — Millions on millions have been 
 at their disj)ofal — In two years they have dissipated the whole on 
 an inglorious anddifaflrous war, and now call upon the oppofers 
 of fuch policy and conduct to join their defperate ftandard — to rufh 
 headlong into their ranks, and be led under their generals and 
 commanders to difgrace and certain deflruction. 
 
 This Convention and the friends of peace will obey the laws, 
 will defend their country, if invaded, at every point, and neither 
 in peace or war yield any clear and effential right. It is a high 
 confolatioQ to the friends of Washington and his policy, that 
 whatever of naval or military honor could fpring from fuch a 
 contefl, it has been the refult of federal valor. But under fuch 
 men as now direct the public councils, under fuch commanders, 
 nnd for objects of conqueft and injuflice, this Convention cannot 
 but warn their felloA'-citizens that if they are much longer per- 
 mitted to mis-rule — if pe.ice and rights are not foon fecured by a 
 change of administration^ it may be too late for either peace or war 
 to fave our country. 
 
27 
 
 This Convention do therefore Resclve^ that in their opinion 
 the way to a treaty of honor and fpeedy return of peace to our 
 abufed and endangered country, is not to join in clamours for 
 war and blood, but to fliew our real desire for peace witli Eng- 
 land by removing from our councils the agents and inflruments of 
 war. This Convention is firmly convinced that England would 
 have rejoiced in peace, and even yet, though aggravated to the 
 laft degree, might embrace it on honorable terms to our country, 
 if fhe could proceed with confidence in the sincerity and honor 
 which characterised the cabinet of Wafliington. Until that hap- 
 py period arrives, this Convention recommend patience under 
 fulFering, a courageous fpirit in defence of our country andhomes, 
 when invaded — but remembering that all the precious blood and 
 treafure which this war mud cofl:,and all its awful confequences, 
 are chargeable on the heads of thofe who encouraged and made it. 
 
 ERRATA- 
 In page lo, fitft line of firft paragraph, for acts read arts. 
 Page 14, third line, for that read tbey. 
 
 ?age 16, ninth line, {or giving xtz^ groiving, i8th line, for contrast- 
 J read contrcctors. 
 
 / 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 Extract from Mr. IFchgtcr's Speech, delivered in the House oj 
 Itepiesentatives of the United States, li/A January, 181*. 
 
 "WHEN we ask, fir, for the caufes of thefe difappointmcnts, 
 we are told that they are owing to the oppofitiou which the war 
 encounters in this houfe, and among the people. All the evils 
 which affliif^ the country are imputed to oppofjtion. This is the 
 fafhionable dodlrine both here and clfewhere. It is faid to be ow- 
 ing to oppofition that the war became neceflary ; and owing to 
 oppofition alfo that it has been profecuted wich no better fuccefs. 
 
 " This, fir, is no new ftrain. It has been fung a thoufand times. 
 It is the conflant tune of every weak or wicked adminiftration. 
 What minifler ever yet acknowledged, that the evils which fell 
 on his country were the neceflary confequences of his own inca- 
 pacity, his own folly, or his own corruption ? What pofleflnr of 
 political power ever yet failed to charge the mifchiefs refulting 
 from his own meafures, upon thofe who had uniformly oppofed 
 thofe meafures? The people of the United States may well re- 
 member the adminiflration of lord North. He loft America to 
 his country ; yet he could find pretences for throwing the odium 
 upon his opponents. He could throw it upon thofe who had fore- 
 warned him of confequences from the fivlt,and who had oppofed 
 him at every ftage of his difaftrous policy with all the force of 
 truth, reafon and talent. It was not his own weaknefs, his own 
 ambition, his own love of arbitrary power, whicli difaffecf^ed the 
 colonies. It was not the tea ac^, the ftamp ad, or the Bofton 
 port bill, that fevered the empire of Britain. Oh, no! — it was 
 owing to no fault of adminiflration. It was the work of oppo- 
 fition. It was the impertinent boldnefs of Chatham -, the idle de- 
 clamation of Fox, and the unfeafonable farcafm of Barre ! Thefc 
 men, and men like them, would not join the minifter in his Amer- 
 ican war. They would not give the name and chara<!>erof wif- 
 dom to that which they believed to be the extreme of folly. They 
 
29 
 
 would not pronounce thofe meafures juft and honourable, which 
 their principles led them to deteft. They declaied the miniftcrs' 
 war to be wanton. They forefaw its end, and pointed it out plain- 
 ly both to the miniflcr and to the country. — He pronounced the 
 oppofitlon to be felfifh and fadious. He perfifted in his courfe, 
 and the refult is in hiftory. 
 
 "This example of minifterial juftice feems to have become a 
 model for thefe times and this country. With flight (liades of 
 difference, owinjr to different degrees of talent and ability, the 
 imitation is fuiliciently exa£l. It requires little imagination to 
 fancy one's self fometimes to be liftenrng to a recitation of the 
 captivating orations of the occupants of lord North's treafury 
 bench. We are told that oppofition has divided the government, 
 and divided the country. Remember, fir, the (late of the gov- 
 ernment and of the country when war was declared. Did not 
 differences of opinion then exill .'' — Do we not know that this 
 houfe was divided ? — Do we not know that the other houfe was 
 Hill more divided .'' — Does not every man to whom the public 
 documents are acceffible, know that in that other houfe, one An- 
 gle vote having been given otherwiCe than it was, would have re- 
 je6led the z€i declaring war, and adopted a dilTerent courfe of 
 m°afares ? A parental, guardian government, would have regard- 
 ed that (late of things. It would have weighed fuch confidera- 
 tions — It would have inquired coolly and difpaffionately into the 
 flate of public opinion, in the flates of this confederacy — It would 
 have looked cfpecially to thofe ftates mofl concerned in the pro-^ 
 fefTed objedls of the war, and whofe Interefts were to be deeply 
 afFe£led by it. Such a government, knowing that its flrength 
 confifted In the union of opinion among the people, would have 
 taken no ftep of fuch importance, without that union j nor would 
 it have miflaken mere party feeling for national fcntiment." 
 
 Extrad from J/r. rUkin''s Speech on the Loan Jiilh ddhertd in 
 the House of Jlcprcsentativcs of the United StaieSf l^'ehruanj lO^A, 
 ISli. 
 
 "THE extravagant expenditures of former adminiflratlons, 
 have for many years been the theme of both public and private 
 declamation, as well as denunciation. It may be ufeful to look 
 back, and to enquire whether the praflice of thofe, who have pro- 
 fefTed fo much ejonomy in the expenditure of the public money, 
 has been conformable to their professions. 
 
30 
 
 Bv recurring to official documents, fumifhcd us from the trca- 
 fury'departmenf, we fliall find that the whole expenfcs of the 
 feveral adminiftrrations, (exclusive of the public debt) have been 
 as follows : 
 
 I. The adminiftration of president Wafhington — 
 The whole expenfe for military and naval es- 
 
 tablifliments, Indian department, foreign in- 
 
 tercourfe, Barbary powers, civil lift, and all 
 
 others, (exclusive of public debt) from March 
 
 4th, 1789, to 1797, mclusive, being more 
 
 than eight years, was Dols. 18,408,620 81 
 
 1. The expenfe, for fame objects, during the 
 
 adminiftration of Mr. Adams, from 1798,10 
 
 1801, inclusive, being four years — was 23,496,430 13 
 
 Making from March 4th, 1789, to 1801, in-7 ^,g ..905,050 94 
 
 elusive, being 12 years and ten months, 3 
 
 It will be remembered, that this fum includes 
 theexpenfesof the Indian wars — about one mil- 
 lion expended in fuppressing an infurrection 
 in Pennfylvnnia, and nearly one million for the 
 releafe of American prifoners at Algiers, dur- 
 ing president Wafhington's adminiftration, and 
 the whole expenfe of the war with France, in 
 the adminiftration of Mr. Adams. 
 3. The expenfe for the fame objects, from 1 80.1 
 
 to 181 1, inclusive, being the eight years of 
 
 president Jefferfon's and two firft years of 
 
 president Madifon's adminiftration, making 
 
 ten years in the whole, were S 54>437>478°^ 
 
 Making whole expenfe (exclusive of the debt) ") g q6 04 1 020 co 
 from March 4th, 1786, to Dec. 31ft, 1811, 5 > '^'^ *^ ^ 
 Difference between the expenfe of Wafliington 
 
 and Adams' adminiftration, being twelve years 
 
 and ten months, and the adminftration of Jcf- 
 
 ferfon and Madifon, for ten years, S i?)543»'^27 12 
 
 During the laft period, there was paid under 
 
 the Louisiana convention, and under the Brit- 
 
 ifti treaty, and included in the above expenfes, S 6,361,000 00 
 This fum was not equal to the extraordinary 
 
 expenfe of the former period •, each may, 
 
 therefore, be offset againft the other — but if 
 
 deducted, will ftill leave a diff'erence of S 6,182,027 00 
 
31 
 
 From this ftatcment, taken from ofTicial documents, it appears 
 that the expenfe of the military tftablifiiment alone, for the year 
 ending on the 30th of September, 1813, was greater than all the 
 expenfes (exclusive of the public debt) during the whole of the 
 adminiftration of president Wafliington. Strange, sir, as this 
 may feem, it is nevevthelefs true. 
 From the 30th day of Sept. 1812, to the 30th 
 
 day of Sept. 1813, there was paid from the 
 
 treafury, for the military department alone, S 18,484,756 49 
 The whole expenfe (exclusive of the payments 
 
 for the public debt) during the eight years 
 
 of President Wafhington's adminiftration, 
 
 was oidy 18,408,020 81 
 
 Leaving a difference of S 76,725 68 
 
 The eftimate of expenfes for the military department, for the 
 year 18 14, exceeds by about one million of dollars, the whole ex- 
 penfe (exclusive of the debt) of Mr. Adams' adminiftration. The 
 expenfe of military eftabliftiment, for the prefent year, is eftima- 
 ted at more than twenty-four millions and a half, and the whole 
 expenfe of that adminiftration, (exclusive of debt) was a little 
 ftiort of twenty-three millions and a half. Yes, Mr. Chairman, 
 the four years extravagance of president Adams, is to be outdone 
 by the war department alone, during the prefent year. How often 
 have we been reminded both here and elfewhere, of thofe hard 
 and extravagant times. How often have the ftandlng armies, the 
 expensive navies, the 8 per cent, loans, and the enormous and op- 
 pressive taxes of John Adams, been refounded through every part 
 of the United States — and with what effect ? The authors of 
 thofe meafures were considered as unworthy of public confidence. 
 And yet, sir, the expenditures of thofe times, in comparifon with 
 the expenditures of the prefent, were " trifles light as air." In no 
 one year did the military eftablifliment of Mr. Adams coft more 
 than about two millions and a half ; for the prefent year it is ef- 
 timated at more than twenty-four millions. Nor did he expend 
 upon his favorite navy, more than about three millions and a half 
 in any single year ; the expenfe of tlie navy this year is cftimated 
 at 6,900,000. A little more than six millions was then borrowed 
 at 8 per cent. This adminiftration, during the laft year borrow- 
 ed twenty-two and a lialf millions of dollars, at about the fame 
 rate of intercil, and we are now called upon to borrow twenty- 
 five millions more, and which cannot, probably, be obtained on 
 more favorable terms. A land tax of two millions of dollars was 
 
32 
 
 Uien laid, with other internal taxes. A land tax of three millions 
 ifi now in collection, with nearly all the other internal taxes of Mr. 
 Adams, with fome additional ones, and the amount of them is 
 nearly doubled ; and it is agreed that another land tax of three 
 millions mud be laid for the next year. I will not fay that fome 
 of the expenditures of thofe times might not have been extrava- 
 gant ; but I will fay, that thofe expenditures were economy, even 
 parsimony itfelf, when compared with thofe of the prefent ad- 
 minidration. 
 The expenfe of the war, at the clofe of the 
 prefent year, at the prefent edimated rate of 
 expenditure, will exceed the whole expendi- 
 ture of president Walliington's adminiftru- 
 tioxi, for the fame objects, S 60,545,3 1 1 44 
 
 And will exceed th^tof president Adams, 55,454,902 17