6- ?^/ • S f^y /f/o Group ZI[, NO. 57. Gi GV 701 .S954 1910 Copy 1 Price 10 cents !ALDING sin [pitfytetic >• Si*"" .^i Edited by TJ. E.SULLIVAN W^A ^^..nx^xiy^ l^gr AMEniCAN Sports Publishing Co.^ 21 Warren Street, Ne\)r York, ^^ A.G.Spalding & Bros. „ MAINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES^' > • V ' FOR DISTRIBUTING THE '% Spalding ^^^ COMPLETE LINE OF \;.^\ Athletic Goods THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK IS THE FOUNDATION OF FHE SPALDING BUSINESS Spalding's Athletic Library S?i'i%-' .*.>. ' J"'"' i.uiiiM-«(»»ww^^pw^^ Anticipating: the present ten- ti dency of the American people toward a healthful method of living and Enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic Library was established in 1892 for the purpose of encouraging ath- letics in every form, not only by publishing the official rules and records pertaining to the various pastimes, but also by instructing, until to-day Spalding's ^ in print, grouped for ready reference c SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. I lA 2 2A 3 4 5 6 7 7A 8 9 10 12 I2A Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Spalding' Group s Official s Official s Official s Official s Official s Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's Official 's OfTicial Base Ball No.l Spalding's Official BaseBall Guide No. lA Official Base Ball Record. No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. No. 223 How to Bat. No. 232 How to Run Bases. No. 230 How to Pitch. No. 229 How to Catch. No. 225 How to Play First Base. No. 226 How to Play Second Base. No. 227 How to Play Third Base. No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. No. 224, How to Play the Outfield. How to Organize a Base Ball League. [Club. How to Organize a Base Ball >j_ How to Manage a Base Ball ^% \ Club. **^* I HowtoTrainaBaseBallTeam ! How to Captain a Base Ball I HowtoUmpireaGame. [Team L Technical Base Ball Terms. No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 336 MinorLeague Base Ball Guide No. 338 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 340 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Assn. Group II. Foot Ball No.2 Spalding' sOfficial Foot Ball Guide No. 344 ADigestof the Foot Ball Rules No. 324 How to Play Foot Ball. No. 2a Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. No. 335 How to Play Rugby. Base Ball Guide Base Ball Record Foot Ball Guide Soccer Foot Ball Guide Cricket Guide Lawn Tennis Annual Golf Guide Ice Hockey Guide Basket Ball Guide Women's Basket Ball Guide Lacrosse Guide Indoor Base Ball Guide Roller Polo Guide Athletic Almanac Athletic Rules FOOT BALL AUXILIARY No. 343 Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian Group III. ^^°* ^^" ^"^^^- crlchet No 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group IV. No. 4 Spalding's Lawn Tennis Official Lawn Ten- nis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn firoapv. ^'"""'- colt No. 5 Spalding' 8 Official Golf Guide No. 276 How to Play Golf . Group VI. Hockeg No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. No. 154 Field Hockey. (Lawn Hockey. No. 188 < Parlor Hockey. (Garden Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. HOCKEY AUXILIARY No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Group vil.''°'^'^^''°BasKct Ball No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. No. 7a Spaldi7ig's Official Wo7nen's Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group VIIK Lacrosse No. 8 Spalding^s Official Lacrosse Guide. No. 201 How to Play Lacrosse. Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. Group X. Polo No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. No. 129 Water Polo. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group XI. Miscellaneous Games No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. No. 271 Roque. ( Racquets. No. 194 < Squash-Racquets. (Court Tennis. No. 13 Hand Ball. No. 167 Quoits. No. 170 Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. No. 207 Lawn Bowls. No. 188 Lawn Games. No. 189 Children's Games. No. 341 How to Bowl. Group XII. Athletics No. 12 Spalding's OffiAsial Athletic Almanac. No. 12a Spalding's Official Athletic Rules- No. 27 College Athletics. No. 182 All Around Athletics. No. 156 Athletes' Guide. No. 87 Athletic Primer. No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens.i906 No. 252 How to Sprint. No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running. [Thrower. No. 259 How to Become a Weight No. 55 Official Sporting Rules, [boys. No. 246 Athletic Training for School- No. 317 Marathon Running. No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics, No. 342 Walking for Health and Com- petition. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 339 Intercollegiate Official Hand- No. 302 Y. M. c! A. Official Handbook. No. 313 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 314 Girls' Athletics. No. 308 Official Handbook New York Inters cholastic Athletic Association. Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177 How to Swim. No. 296 Speed Swimming. No. 128 How to Row. No. 209 How to Become a Skater. No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. No. 23 Canoeing. No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. Group XIV. Manly sports No. 18 Fencing. ( By Breck.) No. 162 Boxing. No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) No. 140 Wrestling. No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 102 Ground Tumbling. No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs.. No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells.. No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. No. 326 Professional Wrestling. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. [Dumb Bell Drills. No. 214 Graded Call sthenics and No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- nastic Games. No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. [Apparatus. No. 327 Pyramid Building Without No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars. No 329 Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY No. 345 Official Handbook I. C. A. A. Gymnasts of America. Group XVI. Physical culture No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men. [giene. No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- No. 149 Scientific Physical Training and Care of the Body. No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. No. 185 Hints on Health. No. 213 285 Health Answers. No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning. No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym- No. 290 Get Well; Keep Well, [nasties. No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. No. 330 Physical Training for the School and Class Room. No. 346 How to Live 100 Years. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS IIIAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group I Base Ball No. 1— Spaldingr's Official Base Ball Guide. The leading Base Ball annual of the country, and the official authority of ^^Sk^^ the game. Contains the ^W,tY^ official playing rules, with an explanatory index of the rules compiled by Mr. A. G. Spalding: pictures of all the teams in the National, American and minor leagues ; re- views of the season; college Base Ball, and a great deal of interesting in- f ormatioii. Price 10 cents. No. lA — Spalding's Official Base Ball Record. Something new in Base Ball. Con- tains records of all kinds from the be- ginning of the National League and official averages of all professional or- ganizations for past season. Illustrated with pictures of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents. No. 202— How to Play Base Ball. Edited by Tim Mumane. New and revised edition. Illustrated with pic- tures showing how all the various curves and drops are thrown and por- traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 223— How to Bat. There is no better way of becoming a proficient batter than by reading this book and practising the directions. Numerous illustrations. Price SO cents. No. 232— How to Ran the Bases. This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base run- ner; tells when to run and when not to do so; how and when to slide; team work on the bases; in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly explained. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 230— How to Pitch. A new, up-to-date book. Its contents are the practical ceaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who know how to impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cei^ts. Vo. 229— How to Catch. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well- known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted catchers in the big leagues. Price 10 cents. Xo. 22S— How to Play First Base. Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price lOcents. IVo. 226— How to Play Second Base. The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. No. 227— How to Play Third Base. Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All the points explained. Price 10 cents. No. 228— How to Play Short- stop. Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- tions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. No. 224— How to Play the Outfield. An invaluable guide for the out- fielder. Price 10 cents. No. 231— How to Coach; How to Captain a Team; How to Managre a Team; How to Umpire; Hovr to Or- graiiize a lieagrue; Tech- nical Terms of Base Ball. A useful guide. Price 10 cents. No, 219— Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentagres. To supply a demand for a book which would show the percentage of clubs without recourse to thearduous work of figuring, the publishers had these tables compiled by an expert Price 10 cents. BASE BALL, AUXILIARIES. No. 33«— Minor Leagrue Base Ball Guide. The minors' own guide. Edited by President T. H. Mumane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 338— Official Handbook of the National League of Professional Base Ball Clabs. Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, Official Rules. Averages, and schedule of the National League for the current year, together with list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Price 10 cents. No. 340— Official Handbook National Playground Ball Association. This pame is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading rapidly, The book contains a descrip- tion of the game, rules and list of officers. Price 10 cents. Group 11. Foot Ball No. 2— Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. Edited by Walter Camp. [Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All- America teams as selected by the leading authorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country; scores; pictures. I Price 10 cents. No. 344— A Digest of tbe Foot Ball Rules. This book is meant for the use of officials, to help them to refresh their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard. 1908. Price 10 cents^ No. 324— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale. Everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. Soc- No. 2A— Spalding's Official Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. A complete and up-to-| date guide to the ''Soccer" game in the United States, containing instructions for I playing the game, official rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price | 10 cents. No. 286— How to Play cer. How each position should be played, written by the best player in England in his respective position, and illus- trated with full-page photographs of players in -action. Price 10 cents. No. 335— How to Play Rugby. Compiled In England by " Old Inter- national." Contains directions for playing the various positions, with dia- grams and illustrations. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 332— Spalding's Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide. The official book of the game in Can- ada. Price 10 cents. No. 343— Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. The official handbook of the Rugby game, containing the official playing rules, referee's decisions, articles on the game in the United States and pic- tures of leading teams. Price 10 cents. Group III. Cricket No. 3— Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. The most complete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. Reports of special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game described concisely and illustrated with full-page pictures posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4— Spaldingr's Official La^vn Tennis Annual. Contents include reports of all important tourna- ments; official ranking- from 1885 to date; laws of lawn tennis; instructions for handicapping; deci- sions on doubtful points: management of tourna- ments; directory of clubs; laying out and keeping a court. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents No. 157— How to Play Lawn Tennis. A complete description of lawn ten- nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- tions telling how to make the most im- portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 279— Strokes and Science of L,a-»vn Tennis. By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every stroke in the game is accurately illus- trated and analyzed by the author. Price 10 cents. Golf Official Group V. No. 5— Spaldingr's Golf Guide. Contains records of all Important tournaments, articles on the game in various sections of the country, pictures of prom- inent players, official play- ing rules and general items of interest. Price 10 cents. No. 27G— HoTV to Play Golf. By James Braid and Harry Vardon, the world's two greatest players tell how they play the game, with numer- ous full-page pictures of them taken on the links. Price 10 cents. Group VI. Hockey No. 6— Spaldingr's Official Ic* Hoelvey Guide. The official year book of the game. Contains the official rules, pictures of leading teams and players, records, review of the season, reports from dif" ferent sections of the United States and Canada. Price 10 cents. So. 304— How to Play Ice Hockey. Contains a description of the duties of each player. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 154— Field Hockey. Prominent in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. 188 — Lawn Hockey, Parlor Hockey, Garden Hockey. Containing the rules for each srame. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 180— Ring: Hockey. A new game for the gymnasium. Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. HOCKEY AUXILIARY. No. 25(;— Official Handbook of the Ontario Hockey Association. Contains the official rules of the Association, constitution, rules of com- petition, list of officers, and pictures of leading players. Price 10 cents. Group Vn. Basket BaU No. 7— Spalding's OfHcial Basket Ball Guide. Edited by George T. Hepbron. Contains the revised official rules, de- cisions on disputed points, records of prominent teams, reports on the game from various parts of the country. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY IVo. 7A— SpaldinsT's Official Women's ilasli:et Ball Gaicie. Edited by Miss Senda Berenson, of Smith Colleg'e. Contains the official playing rules and special articles on the game by prominent authorities. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 193— How to Play Basket Ball. By G. N. Messer. The best book of instruction on the game yet published. Illustrated with numerous pictures and diagrams of plays. Price 10 cents. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY. No. 323— Collegiate Basket Ball Hand^ook. The official publication of the Colle- giate Basket Ball Association. Con- tains the official rules, records, All- America selections, reviews, and pic- tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. Group VIII. Lacrosse No. 8— Spalding's Official La- crosse Guide. Contains the constitution, by-laws, playing rules, list of officers and records of the U. S. Inter-Collegiate Lacrosse League. Price 10 cents. No. aoi— How to Play La- crosse. Every position is thoroughly ex- plained in a most simple and concise manner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illus- trated with numerous snapshots of im- portant plays. Price 10 cents. Polo Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9— Spalding's Official I door Base Ball Guide. America's national game is now vieing with other indoor games as a winter pastime. This book con- tains the playing rules, pictures of leading teams, and interesting articles on i the game by leading au- thorities on the subject. Price 10 cents. Group X. No. lO— Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. Edited by A. W. Keane. A full description of the game; official rules, re- cords; pictures of promi- nent players. Price 10 cents No. 129— Water Polo. The contents of this book treat of every detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. No. 199— Equestrian Polo. Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with por- traits of leading players, and contains most useful information for polo play- ers. Price 10 cents. _ ^^ Miscellane- GroupXI. ous Games No. 271— Spalding's Official Rociue Guide. The official publication of the Na- tional Roque Association of America. Contains a description of the courts and their construction, diagrams, illus- trations, rules and valuable informa- tion. Price 10 cents. No. 13S— Spalding's Official Croquet Guide Contains directions for playing, dia- grams of important strokes, description of grounds, instructions for the begin- ner, terms used in the game, and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. No. 341— How to Bowl. The contents include : diagrams of effective deliveries ; hints to begin- ners ; how to score ; official rules ; spares, how they are made ; rules for cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and feather, battle game, etc. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC OBRARY No. 24S--Arcliery. A new and up-to-date book on this fascinating pastime. The several varieties of archery; instructions for shooting:; how to select implements; how to score; and a great deal of inter- esting information. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 194— Racquets, Sqnash- Racquets ami Court Teu- nis. How to play pach game is thoroughly explained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game. Price 10 cents. No, 167— Q,noits. Contains a description of the plays used by experts and the official rules. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 170— Push Ball. This book contains the official rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 13— HoTT ta Play Hand Ball. By the world's champion, Michael Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- plained by text and diagram. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 14— Curling. A short history of this famous Scot- tish pastime, with instructions for play, rules of the game, definitions of terms and diagrams of different shots. Price 10 cents. No. 207— Bowlius on the Green; or, La^vn Bowls. How to construct a green; how to play the game, and the official rules of the Scottish Bowling Association. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 189— Children's Gaines. These games are intended for use at recesses, and all but the team games have been adapted to large classes. Suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a sreat variety. Prioa 10 cents. No. ISS— Larvn Games. Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas- ket Goal. Price 10 cents. Group XII. Athletics No. 12— Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, President of the Ama- teur Athletic Union. The only annual publication now issued that contains a complete list of amateur best-on-records; intercol- legiate, swimming, inter- scholastic, English, Irish, Scotch, Swedish, Continental, South African, Australasian; numerous photos of in- dividual athletes and leading athletic teams. Price 10 cents. No. 12A— Spalding's Official Athletic Rules. The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the United States of America, and all games must be held under its rules, which are exclusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands of every athlete and every club officer in America. Price 10 cents. No. 27— College Athletics. M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath- letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the author of this book, has written it especially for the schoolboy and college man, but it is invaluable for the athlete who wishes to excel in any branch of athletic sport; profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 182— All-Aronnd Ath- letics. Gives in full the method of scoring the Ail-Around Championship; how to train for the All- Around Champion- ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. IVo. 150— Athlete's Guide. Full instructions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on train- ing; valuable advice to beginners and important A. A. U. rules and their ex- planations, while the pictures comprise many scenes of champions in action. Price 10 cent*. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 273— The Olympic Games at Athens. A complete account of the Olympic Games of 1906. at Athens, the greatest International Athletic Contest ever held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan, Special United States Commissioner to the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. No. 87— Athletic Primer. Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Secretary- Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union. Tells how to organize an ath- letic club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, and gives rules for the gov- ernment of athletic meetings; contents also include directions for laying out afthletic grounds, and a very instructive article on training. Price 10 cents. No. 255— How to Ran 100 Yards. By J. W. Morton, the noted British champion. Many of Mr. Morton's methods of training are novel to American athletes, but his success is the best tribute to their worth. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 174 — Distance and Cross- Country Running-. By George Orton, the famous Uni- versity of Pennsylvania runner. The quarter, half, mile, the longer dis- tances, and cross-country running and steeplechasihg, with instructions for training; pictures of leading athletes in action, with comments by the edito"" Price 10 cents. No. 259— Weieht Throwing. Probably no other man in the world has had the varied and long experience of James S. Mitchel, the author, in the weight throwing department of ath- letics. The book gives valuable infor- mation not only for the novice, but for the expert as well. Price 10 cents. No. 246— Athletic Training for Schoolboys. By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the intercollegiate programme is treated of separately. Price 10 cents. No. 55— Official Sporting Rules. Contains rules not found in other publications for the government of many sports; rules for wrestling, shuffleboard, snowshoeing, profes- sional racing, pigeon shooting, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting, British water polo rules, Rugby foot ball rules. Price 10 cents. No. 252— How to Sprint. Every athlete who aspires to be a sprinter can study this book to advan- tage. Price 10 cents. No. 331— Schoolyard Ath- letics. By J. E.Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer Amateur Athletic Union and member of Board of Education of Greater New York. An invaluable handbook for the teacher and the pupil. Gives a systematic plan for conducting school athletic contests and instructs how to prepare for the various events. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 317— Marathon Running, A new and up-to-date book on this popular pastime. Contains pictures of the leading Marathon runners, methods of training, and best times made in various Marathon events. Price 10 cents. No. 342— W alking; for Health and Competition. Contains a great deal of useful and interesting information for the pedes- trian, giving the best methods of walk- ing for recreation or competition, by leading authorities. A history of the famous Fresh Air Club of New York is also included, with specimen tours, rules for competitive walking, records and numerous illustrations Price 10 cents. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES. No. 339— Official Intercolle- giate A.A.A.A. Handbook. Contains constitution, by-laws, and laws of athletics; records from 1876 to date. Price 10 cents. No. 308— Official Handbook Neve York Interschol- astic Athletic Associa- tion. Contains the Association's records, constitution and by-laws and other information. Price 10 cents. No. 302— Official Y.M.C.A, Handbook. Contains the official rules governing all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of leading Y. M. C. A- athletes. Price 10 cents. SPAIiDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 313— Official Handbook of the Public Schools Athletic Leaeue. Contains complete list of records, constitution and general review of the season in the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents, No. 314— "Girls' Athletics." Official Handbook of the Girls' Branch of the Public Schools Athletic League. The official publication. Contains : constitution and by-laws, list of offi- cers, donors, founders, life and annual members, reports and illustrations, schoolroom games. Edited by Miss Jessie H, Bancroft. Price 10 cents. Group XIII. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177— How to Swim. Will interest the expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were made from photographs especially posed, showing the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "land drill " exercises for the beginner. Price 10 cents. No. aJ>«— Speed S^nrimniingr. By Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject. Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels' instructions on the subject. Price 10 cents. No. 128— How to Row. By E. J. Giannini, of the New York Athletic Club, one of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham- pions. Shows how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other valu- able information. Price 10 cents. No. 23— Canoeing:. Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- ing canoes and their uses; with hints on rig and management; the choice of a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula- tions; canoeing and camping. Fully Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 209— HoTF to Become a Skater. Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater, showing how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters. Pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. No. 282— Official Roller Skat- ing Guide. Directions for becoming a fancy and trick roller skater, and rules for roller skating. Pictures of prominent trick skaters in action. Price 10 cents. No. 178- How to Train for Bicycling. Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Price 10 cents. Group XIV. Sports No. 140— Wrestling. Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy illustrations of the different holds, pho- tographed especially and so described that anybody can with little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. No. 18— Fencing. By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, editor of The Swordsman, a promi- nent amateur fencer. A book that has stood the test of time, and is universally acknowledged to be a standard work. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 1G2— Boxing Guide. Contains over 70 pages of illustrations showing all the latest blows, posed especially for this book under the super- vision of a well-known instructor of boxing, who makes a specialty of teach- ing and knows how to impart his knowledge. Price 10 cents. No. 165— The Art of Fencing By Regis and Louis Senac. of New York, famous instructors and leading authorities on the subject. Gives in detail how every move should be made. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 23G— How to Wrestle. The most complete and up-to-date book on wrestling ever published. Edited by F. R. Toombs, and devoted principally to special poses and illustra- tions by Georgre Hackenschmidt, the " Russian Lion." Price 10 cents. No. lOa—Ground Tumbling. Any boy. by reading this book and following the instructions, can become proficient. Price 10 cents. No. asu— Tumbling: for Ama- teurs. Specially compiled for amateurs by Dr.JamesT. Gwathmey. Every variety of the pastime explained by text and pictures, over 100 different positions being shown. Price 10 cents. No. 191— How to Puncb tbe Bag. The best treatise on bag punching that has ever been printed. Every va- riety of blow used in training is shown and explained, with a chapter on fancy bag punching by a well-known theatri- cal bag puncher. Price 10 cents. No. 200— Dumb-Bells. The best work on dumb-bells that has ever been offered. By Prof. G. Bojus, of New York. Contains 200 photographs. Should be in the hands of every teacher and pupil of physical culture, and is invaluable for home exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 143— Indian Clubs and Dumb-Bells. By America's amateur champion club Bwinger, J. H. Dougherty. It is clearly illustrated, by which any novice can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 262—Medicine Ball Ex- ercises. A series of plain and practical exer- cises with the medicine ball, suitable for boys and girls, business and profes- sional men, in and out of gymnasium. Price 10 cent«. No. 29— Pulley Weigrht Exer- cises. By Dr. Henry S. Anderson, instructor in heavy gymnastics Yale gymnasium. In conjunction with a chest machine anyone with this book can become perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. No. 233— Jiu Jitsu. Each move thoroughly explained and illustrated with numerous full-page pictures of Messrs. A. Minami and K. Koyama, two of the most famous ex- ponents of the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed especially for this book. Price 10 cents. No. 166— How to Swing In- dian Clubs. By Prof. E. B. Warman. By follow- ing the directions carefully anyone can become an expert. Price 10 cents. No. 326— Professional Wr*»«*- ling. A book devoted to the catch-as-catch- can style; illustrated with half-tone pictures showing the different holds used by Frank Gotch, champion catch- as-catch-can wrestler of the world. Posed by Dr. Roller and Charles Postl. By Ed. W. Smith, Sporting Editor of the Chicago American. Price 10 cents. Group XV. Gymnastics No. 104— The Grading of Gymnastic Exercises. By G. M. Martin. A book that should be in the hands of every physical direc- tor of the Y. M. C. A., school, club, col- lege, etc. Price 10 cents. No. 214— Graded Calisthen- ics and Dumb-Bell Drills. For years it has been the custom in most gymnasiums of memorizing a set drill, which was never varied. Conse- quently the beginner was given the same kind and amount as the older member. With a view to giving uni- formity the present treatise is at- tempted. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 254— Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Director Physical Training, University of Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. ^ No. 158 — Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic Games. A book that will prove valuable to in- door and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, outings and gatherings where there are a number to be amused. Price 10 cents. No. 124 — HoTT to Become a Gymnast. By Robert Stoll, of the New York A. C, the American champion on the flying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy can easily become proficient with a little practice. Price 10 cents. No. 2S7— Fancy Dumb Bell and Marcliing: Drills. All concede that games and recreative exercises during the adolescent period are preferable to set drills and monoton- ous movements. These drills, while de- signed primarily for boys, can be used successfully with girls and men and women. Profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. \ No. a27— Pyramid Building; Without Apparatus. By W. J. Cromie, Instructor of Gymnastics, University of Pennsyl- vania. With illustrations showing many different combinations. This book should be in the hands of all gym- nasium instructors. Price 10 Cents. No. ;{2.S — Kxercises on tlie Parallel Bars. By W. J. Cromie. Every gymnast should procure a copy of this book. Illustrated with cuts showing many novel exercises. Price 10 cents. No. «2J>— Pyramid Building tvith Chairs, Wands and ■liadders. By W. J. Cromie. Illustrated with half-tone photopraphs showing many interesting combinations. Price 10 cents. GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY. No. 34.">— Official Handbook Inter-Colleftiate Associa- tion Amateur Gymnasts of America. Edited by P. R. Carpenter, Physical Instructor Amherst College. Contains pictures of leading teams and individual champions, official rules governing con- tests, records. Price 10 cents. Group XVI. Physical Culture No. 161— Ten Minutes' Bxei i cise for Busy Men. By Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick, Direc- tor of Physical Training in the New York Public Schools. A concise and complete course of physical education. Price 10 cents. No. 208— Physical Education and Hyg-iene. This is the fifth of the Physical Training series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185. 213,261, 290.) Price 10 cents. No. 149— The Careof the Body. A book that all who value health should read and follow its instructions. By Prof . E. B. Warman, the well-known lecturer and authority on physical cul- ture. Price 10 cents. No. 142— Physical Trainings Simplified. By Prof. E. B. Warman. A complete, thorough and practical book where the whole man is considered — brain and body. Price 10 cents. No. 261— Tensins Exercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman. The "Ten- sing" or "Resisting" system of mus- cular exercises is the most thorough, the most complete, the most satisfac- tory, and the most fascinating of sys- tems. Price 10 cents. No. an;— How to Live lOO Years. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Helpful and healthful suggestions for attain- ing a vigorous and happy "old age," with numerous instances of longevity and the methods and habits pursued by those who lived beyond the allotted span of life. Written in Prof. Waj>; man's best style. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. ISo— Healtli Hints. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Health in- fluenced by insulation; health influ- enced by underwear; health influenced by color; exercise. Price 10 cents. No. 213—285 Health Answers. By Prof. E. B. Warman. Contents: ventilating a bedroom; ventilating a house; how to obtain pure air; bathing; salt water baths at home; a substitute for ice water; to cure insomnia, etc., etc. Price 10 cents; No. 238— Muscle Buildingr. By Dr. L. H. Gulick. A complete treatise on the correct method of acquiring strength. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 234— Scliool Tactics and Maze Ranniuj;-. A series of dnlls for the use of schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey Gulick. Price 10 cents. No. 325— Twenty Minute Ex- ercises. By Prof. E. B. Warman, with chap- ters on " How to Avoid Growing Old," and "Fasting; Its Objects and Bene- fits." Price 10 cents. No. 285— Health; by Muscu- lar Uyninastics. With hints on right living. By W. J; Cromie. If one will practice the exer^ cises and observe the hints therein contained, he will be amply repaid fOi: so doing. Price 10 cents. N6. 288— Indisrestioii Treatted by Gymnastics By W. J. Cromie. If the hints there- in contained are observed and the exercises faithfully performed great relief will be experienced. Price 10 cents. No. 290— Get Well; K e e il Well. By Prof. E. B. Warman, author of a number of books in the Spalding Ath- letic Library on physical traininsr. Price 10 cents. No. 330— Pliysical Trainingr for the School and Class Room. Edited by G. R. Borden, Physical Director of the Y. M. C. A.. Easton, Pa. A book that is for practical work in the school room. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. A. G. SPALDIJXG From Photograph Takkn" ijt San Francisco IN- November, 1879 Spalding's Athletic Library Group XIL, No. 87 . An Athletic Primer A Handbook of Information for those interested in the formation of ath- letic clubs, with directions for laying out athletic tracks, base ball diamonds and tennis courts EDITED BY JAMES E. SULLIVAN Secretary -Treasurer Amateur Athletic Union uf the United States published by the American Sports Publishing Company 21 Warren Street, New York <^t> X^^i^ COPYIIIGHT, 1910 BY American Sports Publishing Company New York ^CLA'.^7.iy28 ^ Contents ^ Preface ..... Athletics; Athletic Tracks and Athletic Games Athletic Clubs and Tracks . Small Public Park Gymnasiums and Tracks Public Schools Athletic League Tracks . How to Conduct an Athletic Meet Indoor Games .... Method of Announcing Results of Events at the World's Fair at St. Louis, 1904 The Starter . "Timing" Notes for the Athlete Suggestions for Of^cials Organization of a Club County Athletic Leagues How to Lay Out a Lawn Tennis Court . How to Build and Keep a Lawn Tennis Court . Instructions for Laying Out a Base Ball Diamond Instructions for Laying Out a Basket Ball Court How to Lay Out an Athletic Track on a Base Ball Field Suggested Form of Constitution for Local Playground Associations . . , PAGE 5 7 25 6S 71 78 90 93 96 98 105 no 122 131 133 135 143 145 146 147 1 WILLIAM B. CURTIS Born at- Salisbury, Vt.. January 13. 1837; perished onMt. Washington, June 30. 1900 The Father of American Track and Field Athletics PREFACE It is a remarkable fact that throughout the United States there are many officials connected with athletic clubs and as- sociations encouraging amateur sport who know very little about the actual management of an athletic meeting. This ap- plies to schools, clubs and colleges in many instances; in fact, the writer has repeatedly received from students and club men communications pertaining to the management of games that would easily convince anyone that the athletic rules had never been read by them. A careful glance over the pages of this Athletic Primer will show just what field it is expected to cover. It is primarily a publication issued in the interest of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, the govern- ing athletic organization, and it will be a valuable addition to the work already performed by that organization in en- couraging and promoting amateur pastimes throughout the United States, The publication of this book is done to en- courage all organizations to give their games under recog- nized rules and to encourage the formation of athletic clubs and other kindred organizations throughout the country. While it is intended for novices, it will be a valuable book to be in the hands of all college students, schoolboys and members of athletic clubs and frequenters of gymnasiums throughout the United States. To persons contemplating starting an athletic club, or desirous of information of any kind relating to the laying out or equip- ment of an athletic plant, the author will be very glad to render any assistance by addressing him as below : J. E. SULLIVAN, 2 1 Warren Street, New York. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ATHLETICS; ATHLETIC TRACKS AND ATHLETIC GAMES Athletic history gives to us the date of organized athletics in America, but. nevertheless, it is quite true that long before athletics, as the term is understood, received the attention of those who desired to have it Organized on a proper basis. American gentlemen took part m athletic contests and demon- strated their ability in running, walking and jumping. It is equally true that amateur athletics before the formation of the New York Athletic Club had absolutely no standing whatever, and all took part in contests for prizes consisting of money or whatever they could get. And old-time records prove abso- lutely that nearly all old-time competitions were for stakes and usually between professionals of national reputation. Track and field athletics to-day occupy a very prominent position, but there is no boom. Far from it. There is cer- tainly great interest in track and field sports, but the history of athletics proves conclusively that it has never become a rage. It has never developed with 'a wild rush such as other athletic fads. Track and field athletics has had a steady growth. Amateur competitive athletics owes its existence and its position to those who formed the New York Athletic Club. However, this does not mean that the New York Athletic Club is the oldest athletic club in America, as many have claimed it to be, for the writer thoroughly investigated the status of the Olympic Club, of San Francisco, while on the Pacific Coast recently V and there is no doubt whatever that the Olympic Club is the oldest m the United States. One of the founders of the Olympic Club, Mr. Lloyd, was a resident, in 1905, of the city of San Francisco. He proves that athletics, as the word was then understood, existed in the State of California, as it existed in other States, without organization, and that on May 5, i860, he was one of the few instrumental. I C OJ O ^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 9 in forming a strictly amateur athletic club, the Olympic Club, which is the present Olympic Club, of San Francisco. This club, however, did not back or did not encourage track and field athletics, but it did encourage and hold competitions in certain forms of athletics — jumping, pole vaulting, high jump- ing, shot putting and weight throwing. It went on for years, however, with practically no interest in outdoor track and field athletics, and while it is certainly the desire of the author to give credit to the Olympic Club for its priority as an organiza- tion, it is, nevertheless, true that the New York Athletic Club must be given credit for having fostered track and field ath- letics in America. And those who were responsible for it were William B. Curtis, Harry E. Buermeyer and John C. Babcock, the really moving spirit in established amateur athletics being the late William B. Cur.tis. These enthusiasts used to meet in the back parlor of No. 200 Sixth avenue. New York City, which was then a private residence, and although these three ath- letically inclined young men were unable to find assistants or competitors, they faithfully practiced running, walking and other sports among themselves for their health and amusement. In the year 1866 amateur athletic sport had already as- sumed prominence in Great Britain, for the first Oxford-Cam- bridge games were held March 5, 1864, and the first amateur championship meeting was held March 3. 1866. And it was on June 7, 1866, that William B. Curtis, Harry Buermeyer and John C. Babcock decided to take up athletics, establish and form in America an American amateur athletic club, with No. 200 Sixth Avenue, New York City, as its headquarters. Mr. Curtis himself states, and so does Mr. Buermeyer, that there was no interest taken in their suggestions; no one took kindly to them at all, except that they did receive a little encourage- ment from the different boat clubs. The}-" had a hard time in- teresting the young fellows of that day. "Whenever the weather permitted the parlor was abandoned and sport pursued in the open air. The first rendezvous was on the half-mile track connected with the old ' Red House,' Mark Maguire's famous roadside hostelry, at the head of Harlem SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. H Lane. Here, after running the half-mile circuit in 2m. 30s., or walking it in 5m. — feats then considered worthy of note — the fathers of the club, exhausted by such extraordinary eiTorts, would throw themselves on the grass for a half hour's rest, and then spend another thirty minutes in conversation with that quaint Yorkshireman, James McKay, who had established a boat-building shop in the second story of Maguire's stable, and was just then hard at work on the first genuine racing shell ever built in the United States. "In a few months the march of improvement ran a street and a row of tenements through the middle of the track, and a change was made to the Elysian Fields, Hoboken, There was no regular track, but a good quarter-mile circuit could be marked out on the level turf of the ball field, and several straight- away 100-yard courses on the shore path. Here the regular attendants were joined by many members of the Atlantic Boat Club, whose boat-house was a quarter of a mile below. Many spirited contests took place, and in one ever-memorable handicap one of the founders of the club was credited with run- ning 102 yards in 93. — a signal triumph of watch-holding over truth. To this comfortable and convenient trysting-place there were two objections; there was no regular track, and the Fields being then the people's pleasure ground, much as Coney Island is now, the crowds of curious spectators were always an- noying and sometimes aggressive. So a removal was made to Finley's half-mile track, corner of Seventy-second street and the Bloomingdale road. These grounds proved to be eminently desirable. The proprietor — a jolly, sport-loving old English- man — did everything in his power to make his visitors com fortable, and no further change was made till the summer of 1S71, when the club opened its own grounds in Harlem. On Fmley's pleasant grounds weekly games were held whenever weather permitted. The Atlantic Boat Club men rowed across from their Hoboken quarters, beached their barges at the foot of Seventy-third Street, climbed the steep blufif of what is now Riverside Park, and joined in the contests, while the Nassau Boat Club party paddled up from their boat-house, foot of SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 Thirty-fourth street and North River, and the New York City contingent came up by the Eighth Avenue street cars. "During the summer of 1868 forty-three persons were regis- tered as having participated in three or more of these reunions, and the average weekly attendance was about twenty. These results, insignificant as they now appear, gave great satisfac- tion, and were thought sufficient to warrant the permanent organization and incorporation of an amateur athletic club. A meeting was called, notices published in sporting and daily journals, and written invitations sent to all who had ever attended any of the weekly sports; but, despite this timely publicity, only seven persons assembled, and an adjournment was promptly made. A second trial, three weeks later, re- sulted similarly, and it was not until the third attempt (Sep- tember 8, 1868), that fourteen faithful ones could be gathered together to sign a muster roll, elect officers, appoint committees and complete the formal organization of the New York Athletic Club. "Being now a full-fledged athletic club, it was, of course, necessary to give a regular open amateur athletic meeting, and the management was entrusted to a games committee. Ath- letic games and cinder-paths were then unknown in America, and Finley's track, though pleasant enough for practice, was out of the way and inaccessible for spectators. Fortunately, Mr. Babcock was just then building for the Third Avenue Railroad Company the structure known as the American Insti- ttite Rink, Sixty-third Street and Third Avenue, New York City, and it was decided to hold the games in that build- ing Wednesday evening, November 11, 1868. Contractor and builder were dilatory, as usual; the morning of November 11 broke cold and stormy; the building was not yet half-roofed, and the committee, scouring West and South streets with wagons, accumulated a quarter-acre of tarpaulins and made a temporary roof, under which the games were successfully contested. The central section of the rink had not been floored, and an eighth-of-a-mile path was staked out on the smooth clay surface. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. jg "In American amateur athletic circles there was at that cime only one pair of spiked shoes, and they belonged to W. B. Curtis. A professional sprinter named Davis told Curtis about the advantage of wearing spikes in athletic contests, so 'Father Bill' decided to have a pair constructed. Thereupon, Davis found an Irish shoemaker, who brought over some English spikes, and he made the pair of now world-famous shoes for the Father of American Athletics. They were clumsy, long-toed, and of such general proportions as best fitted their owner's ample feet. No one then knew anything about those new-fangled weapons, but everybody agreed that if they were in common use by English athletes, they must be desirable for Americans. So everybody wished for a pair; everybody coveted this pair, everybody envied their fortunate possessor, and everybody wished to borrow them. Their complaisant owner tried to sat- isfy all, and succeeded in distributing these shoes quite widely. After he had worn them in the 75-yard and 220-yard runs, H. J. Magrane used them in the quarter-mile and half-mile runs, H. E. Buermeyer in the shot-putting, and finally, stran- gest of all, they carried J. E. Russell to victory in the one-mile walk. "The contestants at the first New York Athletic Club open amateur meeting included all the young men in the neighbor- hood of New York City who had ever developed athletic ability in any branch of athletic sport. Not only did the programme show the names of all the active members of the new club and all their acquaintances vvho were able to exhibit good perform- ance at running, walking, leaping, or feats of strength, but a special invitation, or rather challenge, was extended to the New York Caledonian Club, then, as now, the most prominent of American Caledonian societies, and their most eminent ath- letes were present to compete, thus making the affair an inter- national match — America against Scotland. The result was, as might have been foreseen, America won the running and walking contests, while Scotland was successful with the weights and in pole-leaping, standing high-jump and running long-jump — the games most common at Caledonian meetings. [rtsh-Americau Atlil. JOHN FLANACAN. 1. X.'w Vurk: holder of World's Record for 16-lb. Hammer Tbruw. Pictorial News Co.. Photo. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 "The many thousand bicyclists of to-day will be interested in learning that at this meeting was given the first public exhi- bition of the newly-invented velocipede, — now known as ' The Boneshaker,' — which was the forerunner of the modern bicycle. "The leading sporting journal of that day reported the event as follows: " 'At this juncture the velocipede race, which the programme announced as the closing feature of the exercises, took place. ;it proved nothing more — nor was it intended to be more — jthan an exhibition of the speed to be gained by these wonderful engines of locomotion. The carriage consists of but two wheels placed one before the other, with a treadle apparatus to spin them on. Without speaking a word of the velocity with which one can cover ground by riding this machine, the wonder is how he can maintain a balance on it at all. Yet this seems to be no part of the difficulty in navigating; on the contrary, every effort of the rider seems bent on driving it at break-neck speed. The ease and celerity with which this new method of propul- sion was turned around the corners of the building was amus- ing, and its performance was in the highest degree satisfactory.' "The figures credited to the winner of each event were claimed as the first amateur records established in America, and became necessarily best on record. They were a fair test of our ability in this line, and the remarkable progress in American ama- teur athletic sport since then is clearly shown by comparing those performances of 1868 with our present records. The compari- son, or rather the contrast, is as follows: 1868 75-yard run then, 9 s now, 220-yard run then, 28s now, Quarter-mile run then, im. 20s now. Half-mile run then, 2m. 26s now. Hurdle race then, 24s now. One-mile walk then, ym. 50 i-2s....now. Standing long jump (with weights) then, 11 ft. 6 1-5 in . .now, Standing high jump... .then, 4 ft. 5 in now. Three standing long jumps (with wgts.) . .then, 33 ft. 8 in now. Running long jump. . .then, 17 ft now, Running high jump. . . .then, 5 ft. 2 in.. . . . .now, Pole leaping then, 8 ft. 3 in now. Throwing hammer. .. .then, 7^ ft now, Putting shot then, 35 ft. 5 in now, I9IO 7 3-5S. 21 i-i 5s. 47s. im. 52 4-5S. i.S I-, Ss. 6m. 29 3-5S. 12 ft. 9 I -2 in. 5 ft. 5 I -4 m. 35 ft. 9 in. 24 ft. 7 I -4 m. 6 ft. 5 5 -8 in. 12 ft. Q I -2 m. 184 ft. 4 m. 51 ft PUTTING THE SHOT. Champion Martin J. Sheridan; showing a perfect balance after delivery. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 Poor " Bill" Curtis is no more, but his sarcophagus at Wood- lawn IS a monument to his sterling work. Mr. Curtis was merely twenty years ahead of his time. While it is true we have always referred to the games of 1868 as being the first athletics that were held under proper auspices, it is a well-estab- lished fact that there was held over in the State of New Jersey several sets of athletic games sometime in 1863, ^^^ there can be no question whatever but what the games of 1863 are, from a record standpoint, the first amateur athletic games held in the United States. The New York Athletic Club contmued its good work of building up and popularizing amateur sport. The club estab- lished the rules of athletics, laws of competition, inaugurated the first American championships which were held in 1876. repeated them in 1877 and 1878, and m 1879 relinquished them to the then governing body — the National Association of Ama- teur Athletes of America. From 1876 to 1882 and 1883 great in- terest was taken m track and field athletics, and at that time there must have been m America at least 150 athletic clubs that either gave games or entered athletes. And it will inter- est athletic followers to know that on November 28, 1878 (Thanksgiving), two sets of athletic games were held in the City of New York; one by the Scottish-American Athletic Club, on its grounds in West Fifty-fourth Street, now the grounds of the New West Side Athletic Club, and the other by the Manhattan Athletic Club. One set was held in the J morning and the other in the afternoon. Over 750 entries 'were received, a phenomenal number for that time. The 75- yards run at the Scottish- American games had no less than 29 heats. The one-mile walk v/as divided into four heats. The writer well remembers the race, for he was a starter in one of the heats. The race was won by Harry Fredericks, after- ward American champion runner at one mile. His time was 7m. 37s. These two remarkable meets did a lot for sport; caused more interest to be aroused, and the interest was revived for several years. The growth, however, of athletics — track and field athletics — was to a certain extent not rapid, in fact, it went backward from the early eighties to about the year 1888. (H.v.Mric <;ames. London, isxis. M. J. Sheridan, winn.T ..f the two Discus Thrnwing eveiita, Greek Style and Free Style. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ?1 On January 28, 1888, the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States was organized. Then came the bitter rivalry between the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States and the National Association of Amateur Athletes of America, both striving for supremacy and control of the athletic situation As a result numerous games and the giving of valuable prizes was the order of the day, and there was quite an interest aroused Within a year both organizations agreed that for the better- ment of sport a consohdation had better be perfected and the National Association became part of the Amateur Athletic Union, its clubs becoming members of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States From that day to this the inter- est in athletics — track and field athletics — and all outdoor sports has been simply phenomenal. The doctors, teachers and college presidents, all interested in the future of our race, have come to the conclusion that outdoor life is sure to benefit mankind, and as a result this entire country of ours to-day is athletically alive and great interest is being taken. And it is becoming more so each day. Athletic clubs exist in all popu- lous districts, as do scholastic associations, collegiate associations, settlement athletic associations, and church athletic leagues. All are either formed or being formed for the furtherance of track and field athletics and wholesome sport in general, and it may seem odd, but, nevertheless, 1 am convinced that we are still in our infancy. Sport is sure to grow, and there is plenty of room for it. In many sections of the country organiz- ers are apparently not taking the interest they should in com- petitive athletics. The condition of sport to-day is certainly encouraging. It has been nothing unusual in the past several years for an ath- letic club in an ordinary open meeting to have over 500 entries And with the Public Schools Athletic League 1,000 entries for a nieeting is not a surprising event. In the city of Newark, on June 9, 1905, no less than 1639 schoolboys took part in one particular meeting, and there has just been brought to a very successful conclusion in the City of New York the World's Track and Field Competitions, given by the Sunday World Champion Kraenzlcin juviping. drazvs u High in air, his k/icss. Note ivelL how he SfALt)ING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. it of New York City. In the preliminary meetings no less than 20,000 l)oys took part, and over 2,000 boys took part in the final heats. Such a showing, of course, is unheard of in any other part of the world and is easily the record. The present condition of sport is due to the fact that there have existed in America several gentlemen who have devoted their entire time, money and thought to advancing athletics and the benefits to be derived therefrom. The work has not been hard — it has been pleasant. And the results are being shown all over this country of ours. New York and vicinity of coursCj has shown the greatest increase, but the West has Come forward rapidly. The scholastic and other important meetings of the West create great interest, one particularly large athletic meeting having been held in the Coliseuni of Chicago a year ago. Athletics in the West are still young. There will be great development in that territory in the next few years. Unlike the East, where the athletic club and out- side athletic interests are prominent, college influence prevails in the West. 1 have always felt that to Mr. A. A. Stagg, of Chicago University, a great deal of credit must be given for the popularizing and development of college and school ath- letics in the West, as we understand the territory, of which Chicago is the central point. Mr. Stagg went from the East many years ago to Chicago University, and the records prove conclusivel}'- that when Stagg took charge they did not have much competitive athletics. He started the good work of building up amateur athletics, and it is a pity that Mr. Stagg has been, owing to his connections, forced to confine his efiForts to college and scholastic athletics. A man like A. A. Stagg, interesting himself in athletic work other than at the schools or colleges, could have accomplished a great deal more in other quarters. What they have been doing in the past is proven by the class and number of entries that they have received for the many games held in the West. IIO'M to take a hi^^'U In^rdU {sho.vin^^ Chantpion KraenzUin, world's record holder /or I20.yard hurdles). SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 ATHLETIC CLUBS AND TRACKS Athletic clubs should be organized wherever there can be found a party of youngsters who are interested in the work. In this country we are not as enterprising as they are in Eng- land. In England they have all kinds of athletic associations. In London they have dozens of them for the mercantile inter- ests, as well as for the schools and colleges. Here we have many, but we have neglected the mercantile or the factory interests, in so far as it pertains to athletic clubs, and there is a very large field for some enterprising athletic manager. There should be an athletic track properly equipped in nearly every town in the country where there exists a factory or a school or a club, because an athletic track is the first considera- tion for track and field athletics; and in this little booklet we will give several plans of a track. However, it is not necessary that one must have a properly equipped athletic track in order to start athletics. An athletic track or path can be made on almost any grounds that are level, and the size of the track can vary. It can be 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, or 3 laps to a mile, but the larger track is not an advantageous size. The smaller the track the better for the spectator. The quarter mile, of course is the ideal track, and the one that is universally used. The writer well remembers a set of athletic games that were conducted at the summer school of Lake Champlain, and the track that was built there. They had in connection with the summer school at Lake Champlain a boys' camp. The boys wanted athletics, so it was decided to mark out a track and give a set of games. A level plot was selected. The grounds- man with a mower put the grass in good shape, and then a few of the boys with tape in hand measured out a lo-lap track. It was marked off with a series of flags and sticks, with a white-wash line for the start and finish. The making of the apparatus was interesting, a local carpenter furnishing nearly all of the SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 27 material, whereby the high jumping and pole-vaulting apparatus and everything necessary was constructed, and a very successful meeting resulted. This was the beginning of sport at the summer school. Now it is a very important adjunct to the school. Another illustration of what can be done with grounds that are apparently not adaptable for athletic purposes was the work of H. W. Kerrigan, who was Director of Sports at the Lewis and Clark Centennial, Portland, Ore., 1905. A diagram of the track as completed is appended herewith: DIAGRAM OF TRACK AT LEWIS AND CLARK CENTENNIAL EXPOSITION, PORTLAND, ORE., 1905. The Multnomah Club has a perfect track, but it is miles away from where the Exposition was held, so Mr. Kerrigan closed with the ball park for its grounds that adjoined the Exposition, and laid out a very good track on the ball field. A little grading had to be done, and, when finished, it was SrALDING'S ATHLETIC LIDUARY. 29 one of the fastest clay- tracks of the West. On this loo-yard path C. L. Parsons ran loo yards in 9 4-5S. I have always contended that there should be in conjunction with all baseball grounds, athletic tracks. These tracks could be used for athletic training. They would be a source of income to the managers, and when a ball team is away ath- letic games could be held and made a paying investment. New York City has had an interesting experience with ath- letic tracks. The Pastime Athletic Club, of New York, held its games, some open and some closed, on a 12 -lap track at the foot of East Sixty-sixth Street. This small track was considered one of the best in the city, and many of America's champion athletes trained there. One of the first small tracks that at- tracted attention in the City of New York was that of the old Manhattan Athletic Club. It had grounds on Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Streets and Eighth Avenue, which are to-day used by the West Side Branch of the Y. M. C. A. The Manhattan Athletic Club, during the first five years of its existence, had grounds less than 200 feet wide and less than 246 feet long, a plan of which is given in Fig. i, omitting the fences. The path was one-eighth of a mile in circuit, rec- tangular, w4th rounded corners, and, to obtain 100 yards straight- away, it was found necessary to build a straight path diagonally across the field from corner to corner, and even then the finish was up a steep bank and against the fence beyond. The grand stand was located outside of the track in one of the corners, and the dressing-rooms between the east end of the track and the fence. The building of a track is something that always requires a great deal of thought and consideration. No hard and fast rule can be made as to the selection of a plot to build tracks, but I have always contended that if the ground is high and dry a better track can be built for many reasons. There can be no question whatever that the athletic track at St. Louis when completed was the most perfect athletic plant that was ever built. The track was a third of a mile in cir- cumference; too large, some thought. That was the only START OF 220 Yards Run 220 Yards Hurdles 440 Yards Run 100 Yards Run FINISH OF 220 Yards Run 220 Yards Hurdles 100 Yards Run 120 Yards Hurdles 120 Yards Hurdles START AND FINISH OF 880 Yards Run 1 Mile Run and all Long Dis- tance Races (at I.e. A. A. A. A, Meetings) 440 Yards Run PLAN OF THE TRACK, HARVARD STADIUM SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LlBUAtlV 31 drawback. It was built in a hollow on the slope of a hill, that interfered a great deal with its being perfect from a draining standpoint. Its 220 yards straightaway, I contend, was the fastest 220 yards straightaway ever built in America. It was built in the regular way, but it was the top dressing that made the track perfect. Good clay was plentiful in and about the Fair grounds and good cinders were secured. The cinders were sieved to the finest possible point and mixed with 50 per cent, loam. As a result a top dressing was put on that packed readily, and kept together well, and was fast going, as the run- ning on that track that year proved. An all-cmder track is absolutely worthless. The cinders won't pack, they tear up easily, and it's the hardest kind of a track to keep in condition. A track 5° per cent, clay is easy to care for, and does not require much work. To be sure, after a ram-storm it has its disadvantages; but, for all-round use, a track made as above is superior to an all-cinder track. But if we must choose between an all-cinder track and an McCOMB'S DAM PARK. NEW YORK CITY SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 33 all-clay track, by all means have the clay track, for our records prove that an all-clay track is faster, when in con- dition, than an all-cinder track. Nearly all of the fastest performances made in the world by sprinters have been made on tracks that might be termed clay tracks. The advantage of a cinder and clay path is mainly that it is not so dusty in dry weather nor muddy in wet weather. The track must be light and springy, and should be sprinkled every day or two during the dry weather and rolled every day. The object sought is to keep the path smooth, firm and springy, instead of rough, brittle and heavy, and only experiment can determine accurately just what means will effect the desired end. The sprinkling and rolling should be done at morning or evening twilight, and water should not be thrown on the path to be quickly evaporated during the heat of the day, thus mak- ing surface brittle. In addition to the use of the roller the path should be regularly brushed with a coarse, heavy broom, either mounted on wheels or dragged along the ground. This method can be used in spreading layers during construction, aiid has same effect as a harrow, loosening up the surface and preventing it from becoming caked. A coarse mat dragged over the surface helps greatly in smoothing it. Where the top dressing remains loose and mealy, refusing to pack properly after repeated rolling, the admixture of a little loam or clay with the cinders will usually remedy the difficulty. The most common defects in tracks are lack of sufficient rolling and wetting, and use of top dressing of coarse unsifted cinders, instead of fine ashes run through the finest obtainable sieve. As to the method of laying a track, no positive rules can be laid down. Another way is to dig out the whole ground about I foot deep, then throw in 4 inches of small broken stones or rough gravel, which will lie loose and allow water to soak through easily; over this. 4 inches of clinkers and loam; then a few inches of coarse cinders, and finally a top dressing of fine sifted ashes or burnt brick-dust or clay. This process is costly, and in most cases as useless as expensive. Unless the selected grounds are SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 35 a swamp, it will be quite sufficient to level that part of the ground to be occupied by the path and inner field; then put on the path 2 or 3 inches of coarse cinders, and then 3 inches of fine top dressing, thus raising the path 4 or 5 inches above the inner field. This path will drain promptly and be in every respect as good as if built over an artificial subcellar. After a track has been built it should not be allowed to run down, constant attention being necessary to keep it up to a high standard of efficiency. It is simply money wasted to build athletic tracks at a great expense and then expect them to keep in condition without any further attention. A groundsman should be employed, whose duty it should be to care for the track exclusively. It should be gone over every day and scraped and rolled and all the uneven surfaces brought up to a level. The best made tracks will develop an unevenness and a good way to discover where such depressions exist is to go out on the track immediately after a rainstorm and note where the puddles occur, throwing into each a small block of wood to serve as a marker when the water has disappeared. These places should then have particular attention right away. It is also a good plan to have several loads of the finest sieved cinders constantly on hand, which should be worked in from time to time with the top dressing, rolled, scraped and watered. And in connection with the question of building trrxks, I take great pleasure in publishing the directions furnished by Mr. F. W. Rubien, civil engineer, of the St. George's Athletic Club, New York City. I have worked on many tracks in connection with Mr. Rubien, and, he having made the subject a study, is considered to-day one of the most expert men in this line in America. SPECIMEN ATHLETIC TRACKS. McCOMB'S DAM PARK TRACK. The directions given the contractor for constructing the track in McComb's Dam Park, New York City, were as follows: The measurement line of the track is 18 inches outside of the inner curb. The grade of the track must be perfectly level SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LiBRAftV 37 along this line. On the straight portion on the northerly side of the field a slope of 2 inches in 20 feet will be sufficient for surface drainage. On the sharp turns at east and west of field the track must be banked, sloping gradually to 2 feet higher than the level along measurement line. On the 600 feet curve along the south of the field the bank should be sloped up 6 inches from the curb. The inside and outside curbs should be i|x6 inches wood, 2 inches of which will show above the path and 4 inches underground; 4 feet, 3X4-inch stakes driven in the ground about 4 feet apart are required to hold the curbs or borders in place. The curbs are bent around the curves by sawing slits xi their inner edges as frequently as neces- sary, thus making line of curve true and not a succession of straight edges. The track will be drained by a 4-inch drain along the inside of the inner curb, about 2 feet underground. Connections with the surface of the track about 100 feet apart are necessary. The inner field should be drained with 2 -inch agricultural tile-drains, crossing field in lines about 30 feet apart, to keep inner field dry. The method of laying the track should be as follows: The present surface of filling should be given a slope toward the inner curb and drain of about 3 inches in 20 feet, A layer of broken stone, at least 2 inches deep, to be rolled and shaoed so that it will be 7 inches below final grade of track. Upon this a layer of 3 inches of coarse cinders to be carefully spread and rolled in thin layers and thoroughly soaked while being rolled. The final layer or top dressing is to be laid in the same man- ner. It is to be 3 inches in thickness, and consists of a mixture of loam and cinders in the proportion of half loam and half cinders. Both to be thoroughly mixed after sifting in most careful manner, using finest sieve. This layer is then carefully spread and rolled. MANHATTAN FIELD. In the spring of 1883, the Manhattan Athletic Club secured a lease of the lot bounded by Eighty-sixth and Eighty-seventh NEW WEST SIDE ATHLETIC CLUB. NEW YORK CITY SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Fig. 2. Streets, Eighth and Ninth Avenues, 200 feet wide by 800 feet long, and made of this the best athletic ground in the neigh- borhood of New York City. A ground plan of these grounds is shown in Fig. 2, omitting the fences and also that portion of the field west of the quarter-mile path. The path was a quarter- mile in circuit, two straight sides about 150 yards in length, connected by curved ends somewhat flatter than semi-circles, and about 79 yards in circuit. The north or straight side of the path was prolonged to the western fence, making a 220- yards straightaway course, in its day considered the fastest and best in America. The diagram which is shown in Fig. 2 sufficiently indicates the general arrangement of the grounds, which, although the best near the metropolis at that time, AAAA— Grand Stand. BBB— 50 Yard Track. C— Broad and High Jump. Shot Put. E— Dressing- Room. FFF— Stands. G— Exit. MOTT HAVEN A. C. NEW YORK. D— SrALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 4J could have been bettered had the Hmits of the land allowed. The outside width of the grounds, from street to street, was 20I feet 5 inches, and being a sunken lot, 12 or 15 feet below the street level, the sloping banks on either side reduced the actual width of the available ground to about 180 feet. This track was always referred to as a model athletic track, but we have gone rapidly forward in the construction of athletic tracks, as one can easily see by looking at the dia- grams published in this book. Diagram No. 4 (on opposite page) — This is a quarter-mile path, with one side prolonged so far as the grounds will allow for a straightaway course. The straight sides are no yards in length and 6g yards i inch apart, measured from curb to curb. The sides are joined at either end by semi-circles having a radius of 103 feet 6h inches from center to curb. This form of path is the best possible for foot-racing; easy for contestants and not naturally slower than the Model A in Fig. 3 — four straight sides joined by curved corners. Under no circumstances should the path be less than 12 feet wide, and 15 feet or 18 feet should be obtained if possible. If it is not practicable to make the whole path 18 feet or 20 feet wide, that breadth should certainly be given to the straightaway — sprint side (from B to A, in Fig. 4). The outer edge of the path should be a stout picket fence, not less than 4 feet high, continuous around the whole path, except where the grand stand serves in its stead. There may be in this fence as many gates as convenience requires, but during ath- letic meetings all should be securely locked, save the one at the grand stand (W, in Fig. 4). A fence between the track and the inner field, found on old-fashioned grounds, is useless. The grand stand should be located as shown at D, in Fig. 4, on the other side of the track from the finish of all the races. If there be not room on the side, on account of the narrowness of the grounds, it can be put in one corner, as at the Manhattan Athletic Club grounds (C, Fig 2). The worst place of all is on the same side with the finish line, which works very well in horse- racing, but is unsatisfactory in athletics, because the occupants SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 43 of the stands cannot see the contestants well as they near the finish line, and, in an interesting race, always jump up, one after the other, until everybody is standing and no one except those in the front rank can see. The floor of the front row of seats on the stand should not be less than six feet above the level of the track, so that the view of the spectators can never be obstructed by persons standing or walking in front of the stands. On the outer edge of the path, in front of the grand stand, there should be a single row of seats reserved exclusively for contestants, and officials not actively engaged in the contests then taking place. The space under the grand stand should be used for dressing- rooms, bath-rooms, closets, etc. It is better to divide it into four or five small rooms than to make one large hall. The dressing-rooms should have a plentiful supply of chairs, tables, and looking-glasses, and the bath-rooms a liberal array of bowls and tubs. Along the side of the hall near the door (V, Fig. 4) should be an office with a stand of small lock-boxes, on the same plan as those used in public bathing establish- mefits, in one of which each contestant may deposit his money and jewelry and take the key. Outside the room, along the side of the hall, should be a rack for the numbers used by the contestants, so that as each one goes out to^the path he may obtain his correct number and pin it on his shirt. Fig. 3. AN OLD TIME PLAN OF ATHLETIC TRACK INSIDE A CYCLE TRACK. OLYMPIC GAMES. LONDON, 1908. Melvln W. Sheppard. the world's most remarkable middle distance runner; winner of the 800 Meter Run, 1.500 Meter Run, and member of the Relay Team that won the world's championship at Loudon. Photo by E. R. Bushnell, Philadelphia; taken In London. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAJllf. 45 In the spaces marked E and F, Fig. 4, club houses can be built whenever the state of the treasury warrants such an out- lay. The one in the corner, F, can include parlors, reading- rooms and billiard-rooms, while the one at E can be used as dressing-room, locker-room and bath-room for the club mem- bers, as well as residence for the track-master, if desired. Until this house is built one of the dressing-rooms and bath-rooms under the grand stand should be reserved exclusively for club members. On either side of the path, at places marked H, H, H, H, Fig. 4, rows of free seats can be erected, as many as are found to be necessary. The position of the baseball diamond, catcher's path and back-stop are clearly shown in Fig. 4, I and O. It may be shifted a little in either direction, if found desirable. N, N, S, and T, Fig. 4, represents the position of the four goal posts for football. The best way to arrange them is to sink four posts, a foot in diameter and four feet long, two inches below the the surface of the field. These posts have in their upper ends holes a foot deep, into which the goal posts fit. When not in use remove the goal posts, put wooden plugs into the holes and cover up the sunken posts, so as to leave the ground unob- structed. The inner field may also be readily used for lacrosse, whose goal flags can be taken up and put down without previous preparation. All that portion of the inner field beginning at the upper end of the path, and reaching down toward the base ball diamond as far as is found necessary, may be marked into lawn tennis courts. The press stand should be one row of seats raised at least six feet above the path, right across the finish line, where the re- porters can see everything, ask questions of the officials who are congregated at the finish line, and conveniently obtain all the information for their business. This stand should be care- fully guarded, and admittance refused to all persons save actual reporters. If athletic clubs wish their games reported kindly and correctly, they need not furnish to reporters what they do 1 ^1 l_ '^^^K ^^1^ ROBERT EDGREN, Of the New York A.C., and Sp<.rtiiis Editor Evening World, New York, Throwing the Discus. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 not want, — namely, free lunch, free cigars, free whiskey and free "blarney," — but should provide instead what they need namely, elbow room to work comfortably, freedom from annoy ance from outsiders, positions where they can. see all that is tc be seen and hear all that is to be heard, and courteous, prompt, and satisfactory answers to all questions asked of the officials concerning any matters about which they need information. The turf path for hurdle racing should be laid out about as shown at C, Fig. 4, not less than 16 feet and 140 yards long. When not m use the hurdles are kept outside the path, whose start and finish are marked only by pegs driven down even with the surface of the ground, so that the field is not obstructed except when the hurdles are in use. Of course, if the turf be not good at the indicated place, the hurdle races may be run elsewhere in the field, but the game demands smooth, firm, turf, and especial care should be taken to provide such a path. The American custom is to run and walk with the left side toward the curb, and the finish line of all sprint races should be as shown at B, Fig. 4, near the end of the final straight line, directly in front of the press stand and across the field from the grand stand, and the start and finish of all distance races should be marked at (S). The most convenient positions for the places arranged for jumping and pole-leaping are shown at P, Q, and R, Fig. 4. If the circles for shot, hammer, and 56 pound weight are located about as shown at J, K, and L, Fig. 4, it will be found that their use will not mar the turf of the base ball diamond; that the shot and 56 will fall into the same alighting-ground, thus lessening the injury to the grass, and that the hammer-thrower, let him throw as erratically as he may, will be unable to kill a spectator. It is, of course, well enough to have the path laid out by a surveyor or civil engineer, but where it is essential to save expense an intelligent committee can do the work satisfactorily. To lay out the path shown in Fig. 4, first mark out by a row of small wooden pegs a straight line down the center of the field from one end to the other. On this line stick two large pegs, 540 feet I inch apart, marking the point where it is wished to have MADISON SQUARE GARDEN. NEW YORK CITY SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 49 the extreme points of the end of the path. From these two large pegs measure off 105 feet ^ inch toward the center and mark the points by stakes. Then, with a wire 105 feet 5 inches in length, held at one end against the stakes and having at the other a sharp spike, scratch out on the ground the semi- circular ends; mark them out by rows of small pegs and con- nect their ends by similar rows of pegs, which will be the straight sides. Then measure carefully around the course thus marked out by pegs, and if it is found a few inches longer or shorter than a quarter mile, adjust some of the end pegs so as to make it exactly correct. Then mark out the line for the curb, 18 inches inside this measurement line, all around the field, and the track is laid out as well as could be done by any engineer. The curb should be of 3x9 -inch wood, three inches above the path and six inches under ground, so as to be firm. This should be bent around the curves by sawing slits into its inner edges as frequently as necessary, thus making the line of the curb true and not a succession of straight edges, as is sometimes seen. Holes should be bored through this curb every few feet, just at the surface of the path, so as to allow the water to run through into the inner field, and there should be, just inside of the curb, an open ditch or covered drain to receive the water. The track should have a slope from outside to inside, just enough so that the water will run off freely into the inner field. The lowest part of the path should not be less than three inches above the level of the inner field, so that in wet weather the path will drain freely and promptly. On the ends the path should be sloped up from the curb, so as to permit draining. On a quarter-mile path, such as is shown in Fig. 4, the slope at the curves should be about one- quarter inch to the foot; so, if the path is fifteen feet wide, the outer edge will be about 4 inches higher than the inner. Where the path is less than a quarter mile in circuit, or is made with four straight sides and four rounded corners, or on an eighth- of-a-mile track, it is only necessary to allow a couple of inchef for drainage. E. LUNGHI, Iiish-Aiueiicau Athletic Club. N(n\ i'ork; famous Italiau runner who created a bcusatKin at Olympic Games, 1908: holder of record for S.*-0 yards, Foley, rhoio. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 51 HOW TO LAY OUT THE TRACK. Get the center of the track; from there measure to the start on each end of the plan 60 feet ii^ inches, which will give you the full lengths of the straights, 121 feet lol- inches. To get the width, on each side of center measure 43 feet 9 inches; that will give you 87 feet 6 inches. To get the half circle exact on each end, put a brad awl or some pointed tool through the loop on end of tape measure, then run tape out to 43 feet g inches, and with a piece of chalk mark out a line which will connect with the two straights on both ends of track. After the track is marked out with chalk, a wood curbing can be put down, or a wide, whitewash mark. The wood curbing is prefer- able, as it prevents any cutting of the corners by competitors. By using one-inch square pine-strips and making them two or three inches high, putting one down at a time and nailipg the others on, a quick, good, and inexpensive job can be done. To have the individual lanes as used in the Amateur Athletic Union indoor championships, make your half-circle on thes end, as before, and add 4 feet 6 inches to each lane on your tape; that will give the same width lane to each competitor. Put a good, plain whitewash mark on the three extra lanes, and in the flat races, instead of using strings to rope in each lane, a few small flags around the turns wnll answer the pur- pose, and they can be put down and taken up much more quickly than the strings. In the two straightaways it is better to run the strings; that can be done easily by using small screw eyes at the ends to fasten the cords to, and three 15-inch upright pointed wire rods will be found sufficient to raise each of the three lines. To get the exact scratch starting mark of each lane, allow 28 feet 3^ inches to second, 56 feet 6J inches to third, and 84 feet 10 inches to fourth lane from the actual in- side or curb mark. That makes each lane measured 18 inches from the curb exactly the same — 528 feet to the lap, the track measuring 10 laps to a mile. In the 220-yard hurdle event the Madison Square Garden track plan shows very plainly the position of the hurdles for start of event. After the start the fol- lowing nine changes have to be made quickly during the run- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 53 ning of race; Put in 9th and take out ist and 2d hurdle on lane one. Take out ist hurdle in lanes two and three. Put in the loth hurdle in each lane; that will give you the ten flights distance between each being 60 feet. RUNNING TRACK AT JAMESTOWN. The accompanying plan shows a track of 4 laps to one mile. The straight portion allows of a 220-yard run, and is 25 feet wide; the remaining portion is 20 feet wide. The line of meas- urement is taken 18 inches outside of inner curb. The grade of the track should be perfectly level along this line. On the straight portion a slope toward the drain of i mch in 20 feet will be the desired grade for drainage. On the curves the outside edge should be banked to a height of about 4 or 5 Inches and gradually slope to the straight portion. The infield should slope toward the track and have a fall cf 5 inches per 100 feet. To drain the track and field dig a trench along the inner edge of the inner curb about 18 inches deep, and lay in it a 4-inch farm drain, and build brick catch-basins about 250 feet apart to take the surface water during and after a ram. Fill this trench with broken or field stone, and cover with sods face downward, or straw, to prevent small stones from chokmg the drain. Cover these sods with earth to leyel of field. To construct the track after field is graded dig a trench 10 inches deep and 20 or 25 feet wide, as plans may call for. Carefully roll this surface and have curves banked properly. The surface of this trench to slope i incn in 20 feet toward the drains excepting at the curves, where slope will be gradual up ,' to 18 inches and return to i inch for the other straightaway. After curbs are laid and inner curb is made perfectly level and top is 2 inches higher than level of finished track, lay a bed of 5 inches of coarse, clean, steam-boiler cinders, and carefully roll with heavy 2 -horse roller. When evenly rolled lay a i-inch bed of clear clay free from stones larger than J inch in diameter. Roll as before. In laying final layer of 4 inches of top dressing, great care must be taken to obtain the powdered screenings of steam-boiler ashes, free from stones, slate, clinker or unburnt SPALDING'S ATHLfiTiC LllikAllV. 65 coal, to be mixed in the proportion of one-half of ashes or cin- ders to one- half parts of clay, all to be screened through ^-inch mesh screen. Spread carefully and roll until smooth and of proper hardness. Water connections should be made for the track, as sprinkhng is much needed in laying the track and keeping it in good order. The running portion of jumps are prepared in the same way as the track. The pits are dug to a depth of i foot, and filled with fine clean sand mixed with clean earth which will not pack easily. SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT ARMORY, NEW YORK CITY. The drill hall in this armor}^ is almost square, and meas- ures 182 feet 10 inches by 202 feet. This space cannot be given up entirely for the purposes of a running track, as a glass guncase 2 feet wide runs the entire length of the westerly side, and four stairways to the gallery are in the corners. Boxes are to be placed along the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Street sides, further reducing the available space. A well- shaped track of 10 laps to the mile will allow of 20 leet between the curb and the glass guncases, and average about 16^ feet between the curb and the boxes. A straight dash of 65 yards is provided, allowing 10 yards for a break at the finish. The lanes are 3. V feet wide. The drill floor is of hardwood; and the center of curves, tangent points, starts and finishes, as well as the lanes for the dash, are indicated by the heads of brass screws countersunk in the floor. This will permit of the track and lanes being readily marked out with white chalk and the floor cleaned after the games. Most armories have the inner curb of the track painted on the floor with a white band 2 inches wide. Spiked shoes have damaged the armory floors to such an extent that many are having softwood flooring made in sections, to be used to lay over the regular floor, and to be taken up and stored away when not in use. This flooring is made for spiked shoe running, and gives excellent results. n.VRRY F. PORTER, Irlsb-Aiuerican Athletic Clul. XeNv York, winning high jump at Canadian Championships, 1909. Courtesy Montreal Standard. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY, 57 A method of placing curbing on board floors is to have a number of detachable curved strips fastened to the floor and used on the curves only. This strip is about i^ inches high, and prevents an athlete from cutting corners in a race. At some indoor meets. M^here a sufficient number of inspectors are I EntranoB SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT ARMORY. BOARD FLOOR TRACK. not on duty, very foul running is caused by the runners trying to pass each other on the inside of the curb line. The raised curb has a tendency to produce fairer running. Where a raised curb is missing, ropes supported on posts ought to mark the Inner curb, SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY, 69 FIELD EVENTS. HURDLE RACES. The championship race — the one most commonly found at first-class meetings — is 120 yards straightaway, over lo hurdles, each 3 feet 6 inches high. The first hurdle is 15 yards from the starting line, each hurdle being 10 yards from its neighbor, and the tenth hurdle is 15 yards from the finish line. The next race in popularity is 220 yards, over 10 hurdles, each 2 feet 6 inches high, the first hurdle being 20 yards from the starting line, with a space of 20 yards between the hurdles, and 20 yards between the last hurdle and the finish hue. '3 '^ '^■'' ti Foster Safety Hurdle at the World's Fair, St. Lmii:-,. The Foster Patent Safety Hurdle is now universally used. This is a combination hurdle, strong and serviceable, is ad- mitted to be the best hurdle for practice purposes, and is easily adjustable to 2 feet 6 inches or 3 feet 6 inches, taking away all the unnecessary delay that one encounters when the old- style hurdle is used. Now and then one sees the old and cum- bersome style, but it is not popular. PUTTING THE SHOT. The shot is put from a 7-foot circle, the same as those used for the hammer and 56-pound weight, but 2 feet of the cir- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 P cumference of this circle, across its front, must be a toe-board 4 inches in height. This board is shown in Fig. 8. It is a piece of wood (A) 4 inches in height, 2 feet long and about 4 inches thick, hollowed out so as to fit the circumference of the circle. Through this plank (A) pass rods of half- inch iron, B, B, sharpened at the bottom end. When needed for use these pins are driven into the ground until the inside face of the plank is just even with the circum- ference of the circle, making a firm obstacle, against which the putter can kick his forward toe when he delivers the shot. When not in use this toe- board can be pulled up, and thus the same 7-foot circle can be used for all four games, the shot, discus, hammer, and 56-pound weight, if necessary. RUNNING LONG JUMP. For this event a place should be prepared, as shown in Fig. 6. A is a smooth cinder or turf path, about 120 feet long, leading up to the take-off, B, which must be a joist 8 inches Fig. 8. u Fig. 6. wide, let in even with the surface of the ground and firmly fastened in its place, so that the athlete may jump from the ball of his foot placed on this joist. From about 16 to 25 gl SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. feet from the take-off line the ground should be dug up at least a foot deep, all stones removed and lumps broken up, so that the jumper may alight fearlessly and clear as much ground as possible with no danger of hurting himself in alightmg. This trench of soft earth should be about 5 feet wide, and on each side of it should be laid an inch-plank (D, D, Fig. 6), stand- ing on edge, even with the surface of the field and the upper edge marked off into feet and inches, from the start- ing line. Then, after each jump, by laying a six-foot lath or rod (E, Fig. 6) directly across the trench, exactly I VAULTING STANDARD. AND POLE5. Fig. 10. Sl'ALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 where the jumper aHghted, the distance can be read on the side planks, and thus save the time and trouble of measuring each jump with a tape line. RUXxNING HIGH JUMP AND POLE-VAULT. For this event there should be a run-up. the same as for the running long jump, but no starting joist, and the trench of soft earth commences immediately at the starting line, where the poles are placed. It should be 8 feet wide and lo feet long, so that the various styles of jumpers may have plenty ot space to alight in it safely. The apparatus used for high jumping and pole-vaulting is shown in Illustration No. ic. THE POLE VAULT. In the All-Around Championship it is the Pole Vault that puts a great many of the competitors out. but in this event Sheridan is at home. He is here vaulting 10 feet C) ^ inches, which is wonderful for a man that can throw the weights, run and jump as he can. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LiBRARY. 65 SMALL PUBLIC PARK GYMNASIUMS AND TRACKS The need of public playgrounds in the most densely populated districts in New York City was agitated for many years, finally resulting in the demolition of a few blocks of tenements in different parts of the city, and convertmg them into play- grounds containing running tracks, outdoor gymnasiums, chil- dren's playgrounds, and, in some of the parks, public baths ^nd swimming pools. One of these blocks taken had been known for many years as "lung block," on account of its record for the number of deaths from tuberculosis. These parks have caused a remarkable improvement in property fronting on them, old ST. GABRIEL'S PARK. NEW YORK CITY. buildmgs being removed and substantial schools, institutions, and other new buildings replacing them. These parks are the Wm. H. Seward Park, having a playground area of 17,450 square feet, a gymnasium area of 19,060 square feet, a running track area of 7,390 square feet, the track being about 8^ laps to a mile; the mfield, 100x250 feet. The straight portion is 150 feet, and the two curves being half circles with a radius of 50 feet. St. Gabriel's Park has a playground area of 14,310 square feet, a gymnasium area of 15,210 square feet, a running track r^ L I il p. § H u H P 3^ JIZI SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 67 area of 6,688 square feet and of lo laps to a mile. The infield is 220 X 80 feet, two curves of a radius of 40 feet and straight portion of 140 feet. De Witt Clinton Park has two playgrounds, each having an area of 50,340 sqiiare feet. The gymnasium area is 19,057 square feet, and the running track area of 7,392 square feet is m B El ET ntTlU B B B Q □ Q H B B B B n /^ ^"\ r-1 0/ H B B R B B B 1 B ^^ ^^ B B in . Q B B HAMILTON FISH PARK, NEW YORK CITY, a 9-lap track with an infield of 90 x 245 feet, straight portion 155 feet, and two half circles with a radius of 45 feet. The Thomas Jefferson Park is the largest of these parks, and has two playgrounds, each having an area of 89,694 square feet. The two gymnasiums each have an area of 74,626 square feet, and the two 6 J laps to the mile running tracks each have an area of 17,430 square feet. In this park the boys and girls each have their own track, symnasium and playgrounds. The SrALDINO.'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. infields of the tracks are 160x310 feet. The straights are 150 feet, and the two half circles have a radius of 80 feet. Hamil- ton Fish Park has a track 8i laps to the mile, the infield being 120 X 200 feet, with four quadrants having a radius of 45 feet and straights of 110 feet. Tompkins Square Park has a plant similar to the others, the track being small, of about 10 laps to a mile. In constructing zUli [L JJlk W. H. SEWARD PARK, NEW YORK CITY. these playgrounds the general excavations are made to a depth of 13 inches below the finished grade. The ground is then properly rolled. Trenches are cut to a depth of 12 inches below this grade, say i foot wide, and 3-inch porous tile pipe are laid in such a manner as to properly dram the ground. These tiles are then covered with broken stone to the finished subgrade of the ground in general. An 8-inch foundation of rubblestone is put m place, and the top surface of same is 70 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAftt. rough broken with hammers. After this foundation has been properly prepared, a 2-inch layer of broken stone (approxi- mately I inch) is spread over it and rolled. A thin coating of clay and about 3 inches of gravel is then spread over the entire area, raked in, watered, and rolled unti^ the surface forms a practically smooth finish. The gravel used is what is known as park standard, fnie bridle-road gravel. The gymnasium ground inside of the running track is con- structed in a similar manner. In constructing the running track the ground is regulated to a depth of 8 inches below finished grade and thoroughly rolled. A layer of 4 inches of clean, sharp sand is spread, and on the top of this the finishing surface, 4 inches of clean, steam cinders, is spread and rolled to its finished grade. The outlines or curbs of the track are defined by bluestone edging 2^ inches. Around the outer edge of the tracks are high iron fences, to keep the crowds off the track and gymnasium. These tracks are well adapted to running with heeled, shoes, the top dressing being too coarse for spiked shoe running. Crowds of boys use these tracks, and there is very little oppor- tunity for the men to use them. The gymnasiums have galvanized frames about 60 x 40 feet and 16 feet high, to which are attached four inclined ladders of Georgia pine, eight sliding poles, two climbing poles, two climb- ing ropes, twelve pairs of traveling rings, four pairs of flying rings, four pairs of chest poles, four horizontal ladders, and six vertical ladders, two approach boards, four horizontal bars, two vaulting horses, two vaulting bucks, two parallel bars, two pairs of jump standards, two tether ladders, four pairs outdoor basket ball goals, and six vaulting poles. The girls' gymnasiums have a similar galvanized iron frame 60 X 40 X 16 feet high, to which are attached six flying nngs, a giant stride with attachments for eight ropes, and two balance swings. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKIARY. 71 PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC LEAGUE TRACKS SMALL CIRCULAR TRACKS. The diagram, showing a circular track on a plot 200 by 2"oo feet, or equivalent to 16 lots of 25 by 100 feet, was pre- pared to show what could be done in the way of providing a 200' o t:3 :zi .H ^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 73 track in a small space adjoining a public school in New York City. The general run of blocks is 200 feet in width, and a 10-lap circular track, 15 feet in width, having a straightaway of 75 yards diagonally across the field, can be readily laid on such a field. The infield can be used for basket ball or tennis, beside the usual field events, such as high and broad jumping, pole-vaulting, and weight throwing. Plan of Public School Athletic Field, Staten Maud, showing one-fifth of a mile running track, basket ball and tennis courts, foot ball and base ball fields. CURTIS HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD. This school occupies a commanding view overlooking New York Bay, at Samt George, Staten Island. An additional strip of land was purchased, and provision for new school buildings prevented the track occupying land within 100 feet of the school. The greater part of the field is on a plain that slopes abruptly toward St. Marks Place. On the sloping part of the field a grand stand seating i.ooo is provided, and three terraced SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 basket-ball or tennis courts are arranged so as not to interfere with several very old and very large trees. The track measures 5 laps to a mile, is 15 feet wide and 18 feet wide on the 120-yard dash, and on the curve and straight along the westerly side, making a 220-yard dash 18 feet wide with one-quarter turn. The shape of the field being almost square, the track has the appearance of being a square, with the four corners curved by quarter circles having an 80-foot radius. The sides are 166 feet 8 inches long, and the lengths along the width no feet„ The curves are not very sharp, and, being quarter circles, the straights between curves are con- venient places for runners to pass each other instead of passing on a curve, as on an oval track, or waiting until the long straights are reached. The usual jumping and weight throwing pro- visions are made, and the infield makes a splendid base ball, foot ball, and lacrosse field. This seems to be the ideal place for an athletic field, and it would be well, in planning the high schools of the future, to provide for athletic fields in the school yards. The plans for grading provide for a track elevation of 126 feet above high water. This causes the least amount of grad- ing on two-tnirds of the field, and is the elevation of the base of the school building. The field will slope toward the track with a fall of about 5 inches in 100 feet. For a distance of 100 feet along the northerly or St. Marks Place side of the field, a fill running from nothing to 9 feet is necessary, on account of the decided slope the field takes. This is unfortu- nate, as the 120-yard dash will be on an embankment, which will be terraced. P. S. A. L. TRACK AT FLATBUSH. Through the efforts of the Public Schools Athletic League, the city of New York purchased land for athletic fields, upon which are being built running tracks fully equipped for all field events, tennis, or basket-ball courts, and the infield large enough to allow of baseball and foot ball contests. 76 SPALDIxNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. The largest of these fields is at Flatbush, Brooklyn, between Avenues K and L, and between East Sixteenth and East Sev- enteenth streets. The block is 200 by 800 feet long, and, through the closing of East Sixteenth Street, an additional strip of 60 feet was added, making the field 260 by 800 feet. This plot adjoins the Brighton Beach and Manhattan Beach railroads, and is also accessible by trolley-cars. It is intended to make this the principal field for all contests, and the quarter-mile oval track upon it is 20 feet wide and has a 220-yard straightaway. The track has two tangents 319.39 feet long and two principal curves of a radius of 92.48 feet, connected with the tangents by four small arcs each 32.55 feet long, of a radius of 400 feet. This prevents the curves from being as sharp as they would be if tangents and semicircles only were used. Nine catch basins and drains are depended upon for surface and subsur- face drainage. The infield will have two baseball diamonds, and in the foot ball season a regulation foot-ball field, either for Intercollegiate or Rugby foot ball. It is also large enough for a regulation lacrosse field. In addition to the usual runs and pits for high and broad jumping, pole-vaulting, shot-putting, and hammer throwing, four clay basket-ball and tennis courts are provided. An additional space for four more courts along Avenue K will not be used for the present, as upon it are twenty- two fine chestnut and shade trees. The field will be surrounded by a wire-mesh fence, which will permit of the games being viewed from three surrounding streets. Between the 220-yard dash and the railroad property a grand stand capable of holding 2,500 people will be erected. Underneath the stand will be shower-baths and locker-rooms. The natural condition of this plot was that of a heavily wooded, slightly-sloping field, requir- ing a wedge-shape cut of 2 feet at the Avenue K end of field sloping to nothing at the center, and a corresponding fill toward Avenue L. After grading, a trench 12 inches deep was dug upon the lines of the track. A 4-inch layer of small, broken stone was laid in the bottom of the trench, and upon it a 4-inch layer of coarse cinders. The top layer is 4 inches of clay and SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 finely screened cinders The field slopes toward the track and has a fall of 5 inches per 100 feet. P. S. A. L TRACK. LONG ISLAND CITY. The field at Astoria, Long Island City, is at Hell Gate. East River, and adjoins the rocky ledge in the river which was tun- neled and blown up in 1885. The field itself was a low, rocky and marshy plot not much higher than the high-water mark, and has had considerable filling upon it from the tunnel exca- vation. It is at a bend m the East River and is a magnificent PUBLIC SCHOOL ATHLETIC FIELD, LONG ISLAND CITY. site, although only large enough for a six-lap practice track 15 feet wide, and 20 feet wide on the straightaway of 150 yards. The field was filled in to 5 feet above high water, and, beside the usual runs and pits for jumps, will have two tennis or basket-ball courts. A wire-mesh fence surrounds the field, and seating accommodations for 800 are provided. The track is kite-shaped, with short straights and curves that are almost quarter circles of a radius of 70 feet. The infield is small for foot ball, but base ball games for smaller boys can be played upon it. 78 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBKAKY. HOW TO CONDUCT AN ATHLETIC MEET The object in publishing this book is to educate those who are not famiHar with the management of athletic games or the organization of athletic clubs. Elsewhere will be found a form of constitution and a few points upon just how it will be necessary to proceed in order to interest those in your locality who might become interested in an athletic club. It is not necessary that all the members of your club be athletically inclined. It would be to the organizer's advantage to get the co-operation of the leading citizens and business men of your county, as they, to a certain extent, would add materially to the standing of an athletic club, no matter where situated. There is no reason why athletic games should not be held in your county on certain days, and also at every gathering of importance, such as picnics, county fairs, etc. ; and, of course, an athletic track is the first requisite. After the date has been decided upon and the grounds ar- ranged for, comes the preliminary work in relation to adver- tising and procuring your entries. For this purpose there must be a Games Committee, one of whose members usually acts as Secretary. This committee must arrange a list of contests, choosing such events as are suitable to their grounds and as their knowledge of the local athletes leads them to think will attract numerous entries. The committee also de- cides upon the number and value of prizes, the amount of entrance fee, the date of closing the entries, the day and hour for beginning the games, and all preliminary arrange- ments. The committee should have printed and distributed a sufficient quantity of circulars, containing all information needed by athletes intending to compete. Entrance fees are usually fixed at 50 cents for each man for each event. The time for closing the entries should be fixed from seven SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 to ten days before the day of the games, so that the Sec- retary may have time to notify each athlete of the acceptance of his entry and send him his competitor's card of admission to the grounds. This seven or ten days is also necessary to enable the handicapper to do his work, and then to have the programme printed. The list of events will all depend upon the number of ath- letes you have and the number of athletes expected. As your games will naturally be given under the rules of the A. A._ U., all competitors must be registered amateurs. It will be necessary to have the entry blank as adopted by the Regis- tration Committee (see following page) on the back of all cir- culars and announcements. These circulars, which are gen- erally 8^x11 inches in size, should be sent to all clubs, factories, schools, colleges, Y. M. C. A.'s, etc., in your county, with the object of creating an interest in the affair. On other pages will be found illustrations of all apparatus necessary to use in conducting an athletic meeting. They can be secured from A. G. Spalding & Bros., in any of their stores (address the one nearest to you as given on inside front cover). There should be an ordinary amount of advertising done, and circulars should be distributed announcing the features. Posters should be displayed, and if it is possible to get enough money subscribed from public-spirited citizens in your county to pay the expense of the meeting, which need not necessarily be very much, invitations should be sent broadcast, the idea being to popularize the sport. The first meeting should neces- sarily be an invitation affair, so as to let the public see just what an athletic meeting is like, when properly conducted. After the entries are received from the prominent athletes the programme should be maae up with the names of each contestant properly printed, with the school, college, or club he represents mentioned; also his registration number, competi- tor's number and handicap, providing it is a handicap event. The competitor's number is the number worn by each contest- ant. This can be of paper and must be worn conspicuously and correspond with his competitor's number mentioned in the programme. APPUCATION FOR REGISTRATION IN THE Association of tlie A. A. U. of the U. S. Registration Committee of the Association of the A. A. U. Gentlemen— Enclosed please find Twenty-five Cents in payment of the Registration Fee in accordance with the Laws of the Amateur Athletic Union. THE APPLICANT MUST ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: If a student at an educational institution ■ Date of Birth -^ Residence of Parents or Guardian ■ When did you last compete in open A. A. U. competitions and what organization did you represent? What is your residence (give Street or Avenue, as well as name of place) ? -. — . How long have you resided there ? ; Of what Club are you a member ? . — Have you ever played Basket Ball ? — — . If so. on what teams ? — — What kind of a Basket Ball team or teams did you play with ? (Disqualified, registered, unregistered or professional.) Scholastic Collegiate, etc. While playing on this team or teams, did you ever play with or against a disqualified amateur or a profes- sional player? , , . Have you ever played, competed or exhibited in any of the following Games or Sports: Foot Ball. Base Ball, Boxing, Wrestling, Fencing. Swimming. Ice Skating matches. Hockey matches, Roller Skating matches, or in any other Games on Roller Skates or Ice Skates, or any other Sport not enumerated here ? ^ name which . Also- when and where you competed- What Club or Organization did you compete for? Against whom did you compete (name of Individual or Organization)? Were those you competed against professionals or disqualified athletes ? Did you play on enclosed grounds or in a building vvhere admission was charged ' If so, state when and where (If you have not sufficient room above to answer the questions, write full particulars on a separate sheet 01 paper and attach to this application. ) Have you ever received, directly or indirectly, payment for services rendered in any capacity in connection with an athletic club, playground, settlement, bath, public track, skating rink, or any other organiza- tion devoted in whole or in part to any form of athletic exercise, either indoor or outdoor? Have you ever competed or given an exhibition in any kind of sport? If so. what and where and what kind of prize or reward did you receive? Have you ever applied for registration before? If so. give your previous number Date of expiration . In making this application I certify that I am an amateur and eligible to compete under the Rules of the Amateur Athletic Union : that I have never competed foj- money, taught or assisted in teaching athletics, gymnastics or any other form of athletics for money. I have never played on a team in any sport with a professional as a member of such team. I have never competed under an assumed name. I have never represented a club of which I was not a member. And. furthermore. I certify that I have read the condi- tions of competition of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, and I am. therefore, eligible to receive a card entitling me to compete as an amateur. I certify that I have truthfully answered all of the above questions, and it is understood that should I receive a registration card, it will be on the basis of the above answers, and accepted by me with the distinct understanding that the Registration Committee can at any time cancel it. The person applying for registration must fill out this blank and sign same. No one else can do this for him. If it is filled out by anyone else the card will be canceled, and the athlete will be required to return any prizes won. This blank must be signed by the applicant personally. The above application most be endorsed by Secretary of applicant's Club, or if not a rpember of Club, by three citizens. City or Town Statp rinh Approv«>rt Heave blank) Rpp-istrntinn Nn To facilitate correct filing of tnis application please PRINT your name also, in capital letters, on above line, in addition to vour signature. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 As far as publicity is concerned, you should go to the newspapers, in your town and the county, and give them all the news you possibly can about the meeting. Tell them who is going to compete, their records, and all the data you can that would interest the public. You should have a press committee to write articles about the meeting and keep the public posted about just what is going on. With the preliminary arrangements out of the way, the hardest part of the work is at hand. The entry blanks must be distributed at the various athletic clubs and colleges and entries solicited. In these days of close rivalry it is important, if the meet is to be a success, that prominent record hold- ers and the stars of the college athletic world appear. The wire pulling and other features indulged in to secure these much desired sensation creators is only known to those in the inner circles of athleticdom and would fill columns if recited. After the entry of the cracks has been secured, it is in order to an- nounce the fact to the public. To this end advertisements in the newspapers, cards, and dodgers are freely used, and by the night of the contests the followers of the sport are fully aware of all that is to transpire, and occasionally that which is not. While those in charge of this end of the games are busily en- gaged, the entries are in the hands of the ofhcial handicapper, who is supposed to place the entrants in the various handicap contests on marks which will equalize their respective athletic abilities. On receipt of these handicaps the programme is printed and bound, and should contain, in addition to the advertisements, without which no programme would be con- sidered complete, a list of the events, the entrants with their entry and registration numbers, the officers of the games and details of the length of the track. The management of the games should be in charge of a certain official, as set forth in the General Athletic Rules. It is desirable to invite, as officials, men who have had some experi- ence in athletics, if possible. Then men should be selected who have read the athletic rules, and who are fairly intelligent enough to conduct the meeting according to the letter of the Junior Track and Field Championships Metropolitan Association AMATEUR ATHLETIC UNION AT CELTIC PARK, Long Island City, New York On Saturday Afternoon, July 16th, 1910 At 2 o'clock Admission, 50 Cents a Person Celtic Park can be Reached by Trolley from 34th Street Ferry and Blackwell's Island Bridge TRACK EVENTS 100 Yards Run 220 Yards Run 440 Yards Run 880 Yards Run One Mile Run Three Mile Run 120 Yards High Hurdles 220 Yards Low Hurdles One Mile Walk FIELD EVENTS Putting 12 -lb. Shot Throwing 12-lb. Hammer Throwing the Discus Throwing 56-lb. Weight Throwing the Javelin Running High Jump Running Broad Jump Running Hop, Step and Jump Pole Vault PRIZES, emblematic of the Junior Championship of the Association, awarded as follows: Solid Gold Die Medal to first; Sterling Silver Die Medal to second; Bronze Die Medal to third. To be eligible to compete an athlete MUST BE a member of some Club of the Metropolitan Association, A. A. U. A Junior is one who has never won a first place at a Metropolitan Association Championship, National Championship. Championship of any Association of the A. A. U., Inter-Collegiate Championship. Canadian Championship, Championship of any Foreign Country, or Individual Championship at Cross-Country. Entries close with Championship Committee, care of Frederick W. Rubien, Chairman, Box 611. New York City, Thursday, July 7th, 1910. Entry Fee, Fifty Cents for Each Event; Must Accompany Entry or Same Will Not be Accepted. Metropolitan Association Track and Field Championship Committee Frederick W. Rubien, St. George's A. C, Chairman. Bartow S. Weeks, N. Y. A. C. John J. Walsh, Pastime A. C. F. J. V. Delany. Xavier Club. W. L. Jones. N. Y. S. Assn. W. H. Rowen, Acorn A. A. William Jones, Mohawk A. C. E. F. Gilaon, Mott Haven A. C. W. H. Brady, Trinity Club. Registration Committee H. Obertubbesing, W. S. Y. M. C. A., Chairman. J. W. Stumpf, Grace Club. Terence Farley, Irish- American A. C. SAMPLE FORM OF A CIRCULAR ANNOUNCING EVENTS The Entry Blank (see opposite page) is printed on the back. The size is usually 8% x 11 inches. t/5 s ^mm-f o O '- 3 « c 4) «J U \'^ w 1) ^^ .S o ?, • : c o : 0) e o o I : Q 1 1 : i ^i#S€€€€#€e€«- Q U cu s ca.. id "•< oo 0.03 w^ % OJ fiQ >- C i-< o CO ^ m M 84 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. law A great mistake will be made in selecting men who are really not competent and have little knowledge of the rules. Of course, to a small club making a start, it will be important to select good men. The prizes may consist of any of the articles designated in the A A U handbook, and need not be expensive. The prizes could be obtained from local dealers or from the large houses making a specialty of such goods. Of course, in some sections it will be possible to secure appro- priations from the county and State to further amateur athletic sports. This matter should be given careful consideration by the representatives of the A. A U.; and it is a common practice in some rural towns to procure the necessary money by sub- scription. A list taken among the prominent citizens will surely be filled in a short while, The most important work for the committee at this time is to have the track fenced off and the entrances properly guarded to prevent none but competitors and oflficials from entering the enclosure, and to see that competitors leave as soon as the race is completed. Neglect of this important work the committee are responsible for, has often marred otherwise successful meetings. The ofificials of the games cannot keep the enclosure clear, and the Games Committee must provide for it. The time for the games having arrived, the contestants are called to the track by the clerks of the course, wearing competi- tors' numbers on their backs, sent away by the starter, and judged in the order in which they complete the runs by the judges at the finish. Here is where many differences of opinion arise. In a close finish there is sometimes a diver- sity of opinion as to who won, which man ran second, and so forth. In many cases grave injustice is done, owing to the mistakes of the judges at the finish, and it behooves those in charge to select these officers with great care. In the center of the circular course the field events are held, in conjunction with the track races, and in some cases meets resemble a three- ring circus, owing to the many contests going on at one time. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 85 SELECTION OF EVENTS. In selecting the events for your games, try to give a variety — at least one sprint run, a distance run, one hurdle race, one weight event and a jumping contest. Novice races should be given by a newly organized club, particularly when the ability of the different athletes is not very well known. By giving novice races, which are, of course, scratch races, the committee, in doing the handicapping for subsequent handicap meetings, will be able to get a line on the contestants and handicap them intelligently. The handicap- ping is something that will eventually cause a considerable amount of dissatisfaction, as it always does. In handicapping races the idea is to make the finish "as close as possible. The rule of the handicapper should be to make each and every race a dead heat, if possible. For instance, in your first race, if Charles Jones wins a novice race quite easily by 80 yards from John Blank, and John Doe is 40 yards behind him, the next handicap should be John Doe, 120 yards, John Blank, 80 yards, and Charles Jones, scratch. The same would apply to sprint races. The work would consist in picking out the marks for the different men. The weight events should be handi- capped by feet and inches, and so should the jumps; and the same general plan should be followed out as to who should be the scratch man in the competitions. Another very interesting way of encouraging your men, after you have given enough novice races to allot handicaps, is to have closed or time races, which were popular some years ago in America. For instance, give a half-mile run for those who were never beaten in two minutes and twenty seconds, a mile run for those never beaten in five minutes. In this way a man who might be handicapped out of a race is given a chance to win occasionally. In handicapping, much of the trouble to the handicapper is caused by athletes not filling out their entry blanks intelli- gently. If an athlete would put his best performance on the blank, the mark he started from and how he finished, the handicapper could do very good work without much trouble. 86 SPALDING'S ATHLETTC LIBRARY. This blank should be filled out conscientiously. The handi- cappers throughout the country should report to the member of the Registration Committee of the district any attempt to deceive them, for certainly a few examples should be made of the men who go around and endeavor to mislead the handi- capper by false statements as to performances on the blank, or neglect to put on their best performances. In addition to what has already been written in reference to handicapping, it may be well to state that when an athlete enters he is required to fill out an entry blank for the informa- tion of the handicapper. In time events he is required to give his last three best performances, stating in each case the time of the race. In the weight events the athlete is required to give his last three best performances, giving the distance in each case that the event was won by; therefore it will be neces- sary for the handicapper to arbitrarily adopt the following table for timing events: In running races up to and including 220 yards, allow 10 yards for a second; races over 220 yards, and up to and including 440 yards, allow 8 yards to, a second; in races over 440 yards up to and including one mile, allow 6 yards to a second In races over one mile the handicapper will use his own judgment. In the weight events the handicapper will be governed by the actual last three performances. Of course, it is a well-known rule in handicapping that a novice entry in a competitive event, unless there is some good reason to the contrary, be given at least one half the limit. The handicapper would, of course, penalize an athlete for a win and for a place. This, of course, would be a matter in which he would use his judgment. In order to bring out the talent that exists in your club, club games should be given at least once a week. Club games always tend to increase the athletic interest among the mem- bers. It will not be necessary to give prizes for each set of club games given. Three prizes can be given to the athletes scoring the greatest number of points during the year, on the basis of 5 for firsts, 2 for seconds and i for thirds. In this way the boys will take an interest in the doings of the club. They SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 will keep on training and exercising, and nothing helps a man more than competition. The old saying among certain clubs — that there is not enough competitions in trz'r territory — shows there is a lack of interest and not the right man at the helm, for when ten or fifteen men congregate at one club there certainly should be enough interest taken in the ten or fifteen men to have competition for them, which could be arranged at no great expense. As a sample of how club competitions are bene- ficial the case of the Pastime Athletic Club, of New York, may be cited as an example, where as many as one hundred en- . tries have been received for its weekly competitions. After the organization of an athletic club is perfected it is essential that you ally yourselves with one of the associations of the A. A. U. This gives you prestige, and if you should at any time give open games, your sister clubs are sure to help you. By "open" games is meant that all registered amateur athletes are eligible for entry. Attached herewith will be found the different associations of the A. A. U., the districts they cover and the secretaries of each of the associations. To join one of these associations all that is necessary is to proceed according to the following By- Law of the A. A. U. : ARTICLE IV. MEMBERSHIP IN THE ASSOCIATION Any organization eligible under the Constitution of the Union and of this Association desiring to become a member of the Association, shall make application in writing to the Secre- tary-Treasurer declaring: (a) Its name, location, the number of its members and the names of its officers. (^) Date of its organization and its purposes. (c) That it will, if elected a member of the Association, abide by the Constitution, By-Laws and Rules of the Union and As- sociation, and will respect, abide by and enforce all decisions of the Union and Board of Managers of this Association and the decisions of the Registration Committee of the Union. It shall transmit at same time the dues required by the Con- stitution of this Association, and a copy of its Constitution and By-Laws. Such application shall be immediately referred by the Secretary-Treasurer to the proper Committee to investigate and report. 88 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. REGISTRATION. By reading the rules over carefully, the organizer of an ath- letic club will readily understand that in order to compete as an am'ateur an athlete must be registered. Attached herewith is the form of registration blank, which must be filled out and forwarded by each athlete to the member of the Registration Committee having charge of the respective districts. Mr. James E. Sullivan, 21 Warren Street, New York, is Chairman of the A. A. U. Registration Committee. The different districts of the Amateur Athletic Union are as follows : NEW ENGLAND ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island. METROPOLITAN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of New York and New Jersey, north of Trenton. CONNECTICUT — ^(Connecticut transferred from New Eng- land Association to Metropolitan Association August, 1905.) MIDDLE ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION— Formed 1906— New Jersey, south of and including Trenton, Delaware and Pennsyl- vania. SOUTH ATLANTIC ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Vir- ginia, Maryland, North Carolina, West Virginia, District of Columbia and South Carolina. CENTRAL ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Ohio, Illinois (except *St. Clair County), Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota. PACIFIC ASSOCIATIO'N— Consisting of California, Nevada, Alaska, Arizona and Hawaiian Islands. PACIFIC NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION— Organized June, 1905 — Consisting of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Montana and Alaska. ROCKY MOUNTAIN ASSOCIATION— Organized Novem- ber, 1906 — Consisting of Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. *Transfcrred from Central Association to Western Associa- tion November, 1905. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 89 SOUTHERN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas. WESTERN ASSOCIATION— Consisting of Missouri, South Dakota, North Dakota, Arkansas, Indian Territory, Kentucky, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska and St. Clair County, 111. After the formation of your athletic club, if it is found that you cannot procure training quarters for your men — that is, r ; y place suitable for continual training — an exciting form o£ exercise ta indulge in, and one that is harmless, is that of hare and hounds. It is a simple way of obtaining pleasant outdoor exercise. Select two of your runners to act as hares, furnish them with bags to fling over the shoulder and to contain paper cut in as small pieces as possible. The paper is to be distributed by the hares over the trail. Give them, say, five minutes' start on the pack of hounds. The hares will take any course they desire across country, always leaving an intelligent trail. The hounds follow, the idea being to overtake them before they get home. The start and finish is usually made at the same place. They make a circuit of the surrounding countr}^ and re- turn to the starting place, usually soni'e hotel or club house. After the boys go through this exercise several times the dis- tance can be increased. 90 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. INDOOR GAMES How Big Midwinter Athletic Meets Are Arranged and Held. The average spectator who attends indoor athletic meets at cne armories and Madison Square Garden seldom has an idea of the labor involved in planning and carrying out the various details connected with such a set of games. For a period of from one to three months before the night of the contests the promoters have their hands full preparing for the meet, and the success or failure of the games depends on how well they lay their plans. Probably the first decision to be arrived at after the date and place for holding the meet is decided upon is the list of events that will comprise the programme. It must be carefully borne in mind what events are most likely to appeal to the followers of athletics and which ones can be held in the building selected for the exhibition. Straightaway sprint races, always popular with spectators at indoor games, must be gauged according to the floor and space available. The general plan outlined previously for the conduct of an athletic meeting will of course apply to an indoor meet, with such modifications as the structural features of the building may render necessary. In some of the larger armories it is possible to arrange for a loo-yards dash; but. as a rule, 50 or 60 yards is the longest distance available, for it is necessary to allow at least 10 yards for a slow-up at the finish. This feature was overlooked at a meet several years ago, and several sprinters were more or less bruised by running at almost full speed into a brick wall three yards beyond the finish line. There are also several field events, such as throwing the i6-])()unc] hammer, the 56-pound shot, and the discus throw, that it is impossible to hold indoors, owing to the lack of S])ace. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 As a rule, the events that make up the average indoor athletic programme consist of a straightaway dash from 50 to 70 yards, 220, 440, and 880-yard runs, one, two, and possibly a three- mile run on a circular track, with one or more hurdle races over a similar course. Occasionally bicycle races are added, but these are not particularly popular with the riders, as the flat flooring at the turns makes the event more or less danger- ous to the contestants. A number of bad injuries have been received by riders in such races, and several years ago one en- trant was killed as a result of a crash following a slip at the turn. Having decided upon the list of events, it is next in order to secure a sanction for the games from the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, which controls amateur athletics in this country. With the sanction granted, the next step is the printing of entry blanks and the preparing of the prizes that go to the winners in each event. In past years it was the custom to give gold medals to the first man and silver and bronze to the second and third, respectively. Within the past few seasons more taste has been displayed in the selection of trophies, and at present pieces of statuary, gold watches, diamond rings, placques, and other novelties of value have the call over the old-time medal. An innovation was introduced in this connection on New Year's Eve, December 31. 1904, at the Pastime A. C. games, when every contestant, regardless of the place in which he finished, received a souvenir medal. While, with the excisption of the quality of the entrieS; all indoor games are more or less alike, the accommodations for the comfort of the spectators vary greatly, in some cases powerful- voiced announcers give the numbers of the event and men in each event, the time or distance and features of the contests. At other times the spectators are left to find out for themselves as best they may the results. While the announcer is a necessary adjunct to every properly conducted set of ath- letic games, there is need of a suitable score board at big meets on which can be shown the winners, times, distances, and other details which the average followers of the sport desire to know. Armory meets are very popular, and are almost always fol- 92 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. lowed by dancing. The games can hardly be successful unless completed in two and a half hours. Large numbers of com- petitors crowd the floor, and when the race in which they compete is finished, they linger to see the balance of the pro- gram, and often become unmanageable, obstructing the view of the spectators. To prevent this it is necessary to expedite matters by allowing on the floor only those called for a race, and by clearmg the floor after each race, and only allowing officials and those who are m actual competition to remain on the floor. If possible, no seats, for spectators should be on the drill floor. The galleries usually can accommodate the crowd, and when spectators are allowed on the floor the track must be roped or fenced off to prevent them from crossing the track and interfering with the games. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 93 METHOD OF ANNOUNCING RESULTS OF EVENTS AT THE WORLD'S FAIR AT ST. LOUIS, 1904 BY JOHN C. MEYERS. IN 'FORCE.' ST. LOUIS. In running off the athletic events on the World s Fair Stadium, Mr. James E. Sullivan, Chief of the Department of Physical Culture, intends to make the meets interesting to even the most uninitiated from an audience point of view, and all his energies are directed toward keeping the spectators informed of developments while athletic events are in progress, instead of waiting until the events are concluded. He has originated several interesting contrivances and adapted other novel methods to bring this about during the meets on the Stadium. For instance, while the running broad jump is in progress, spectators will not be compelled to wait until the event is fin- ished to know the winner and the length ot his jump. Near the jumping arena will be a small revolvmg bulletin board. As each contestant takes his position his number will be dis- played on the board. The spectators seeing his number can learn his name by consulting the programme. When he jumps the board will immediately record the length of his jump. Not only will the persons in the grand stand, but those in all parts of the field will be enabled to make note, as the board will be revolved; so that all in the Stadium may see. In this way each spectator will be able to keep track of the event, and will know the winner and the length of his jump before the official announcement is posted on the mam bulletin board or proclaimed by the official announcer. To enlighten the spectators in regard to the progress of the high jump and the pole vault events, Mr. Sullivan arranged on 94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. the sides of the stands over which the bar is stretched in the high jump a sHding box. In this box will fit a placard bearing the number "5" when the bar is at the height of five feet. In this way those in a distant part of the grounds will know for what mark the contestants are striving. As the event pro- gresses placards will be displayed, reading "Over 5 feet." If six feet is reached the placards will again be changed. In the pole vault a similar plan will be followed. Of course, the numbers will be higher, "10," "11" and possibly "12.' In case a twelve is displayed the spectators will know that a world s record is being tried for, without waiting any official announcer or bulletin board to tell them so. For the weight and hammer-throwing events, the scheme of marking a football field will be adapted. Semi-circular lines five feet distant will be drawn about the field in which the hammer will be thrown, the thrower's circle, of course, being the center. At both of each semicircle will be a sign with a number indicating the number of yards the weight has gone that drops on that line. By means of these signs the spectators can judge the distance just as they can on the gridiron. The circular lines will be in whitewash. In the running events it wil' not be possible to carry out the same idea, but nevertheless there will be innovations intro- duced in them by Mr Sullivan in the interest of the spectators. One will be the running of the 100 and 220-yard dashes on the side of the field farthest from the grandstand. By having the events run on the opposite side, it gives the grandstand occupants a perfect view of the start, the contest, and the finish he holds. Incidentally it permits the spectators who are standing in the seatless portions ot the grounds to en- joy a close glimpse of the runners as chev flash by. In the Exposition Stadium the grandstand is on the south side, extending almost the entire length of the field. The field is 683 feet long and the stands 650 feet. The Stadium is 345 feet wide, but the occupants of the seats can see across it with- out the aid of glasses of any kind. In the distance runs how- ever, the finish will be in front of the grand stands. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 Mr. Sullivan will employ a revolving bulletin board to an- nounce the results of the races. This board, in repose, will be on the north side of the field and will face the stands. After the results have been posted there for a minute or so, it will be wheeled about, first to the right and then to the left, that spectators in all parts of the arena may copy the summaries. There will be no crowding about the finish m the Stadium contests. There will be no wrangling and interference on the part of outsiders. The butter-in ' for once will be effectually repressed. The judges will have an elevated stand, as racing lurists enjoy, and will make their decisions as the competitors pass below them. A box will be reserved in the grandstand for the judges, which they will occupy during the events which finish on that side of the Stadium. Still other novelties of a practical kind are installed at the Stadium. Among them will be .stones to mark the location of the hurdles in the nurdle races and the starting places on the straightaway and the circular cour.se. In past meets, particularly those extending over more than one day. trouble has been occasioned by the changing of the position of the hurdles, Careful track managers have fre- quently found it advisable to measure the distance between the hurdles before each hurdle event. With stones buried in the sod to mark the location, Mr Sullivan's office-boy may go out on a moment s notice and get the hurdles in perfect position. On each of the stones to mark the starting points their ob- . ject is engraved. For instance, "Start loo yards ' is cut in and painted black on stone. The innovations are largely Mr. Sullivan's personal produc- tions, and he is expecting that they will enhance popular in- terest in the Stadium games. The Stadium will accommodate 25,000 spectators, the grand stands nearly 10,000 of them. 9fi SPALDING'S ATHLETIC" LIBRARY. THE STARTER • The starter in an athletic race is an important official. It depends upon him to a great extent whether the race will be truly run. A man to be a good starter must necessarily have a ■vnowledge of athletics. If he has been a runner, so much the better. He must be firm and of course absolutely honest — that goes without saying. Owing to the fact that athletic games have been held in and around New York City for over a quarter of a century, the best starters naturally come from that section of the country, but there is no reason why each section and each association should not have its own starter. Taking for granted that the starter understands something about athletics, after the clerk of the course has checked the men up and turned them over to the starter, he should then proceed in the following manner: "Now, boys, take your marks," when each contestant will walk up to the particular mark allotted to him; then he continues, "Get set"; that is the warning for the athletes to be prepared for the report of the pistol; when the men are on their marks it is not good judg- ment to hold them too long, nor is it good judgment to bang the pistol the moment he tells them "Get set." He has to t^ cool enough to see that the men are in proper position before he fires his pistol. A fair start is one in which all the contestants leave the mark together. I have watched starters at some very important games in New York City and some of them are care- less. At some meets the official starters make it their business to talk to each of the contestants; the starters want to make speeches; that is not necessary. Time and again I have watched starters in big meets and their work has been simply deplorable. There is always a whitewashed line to indicate the starting point of every race. A man's fingers, if he uses the crouching start, should be back of that line or right on the line, not an inch or SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBllAtlt. 97 half an inch over the hne; if he uses the standing start, then his feet must be back of the hne or on the hne, not over it. If any of the contestants should start before the crack of the pistol, the starter must bring them back. I have watched officials at many important intercollegiate and scholastic meets, and the starters arc negligent; they don't want to put the men back; they don't think it is fair. This is not for them to decide. The law states that the contestant that breaks must be put back. One who is interested in athletics, who has been a competitor and understands athletics and is firm and intelligent, would make a good starter, and we have very few men in America who could ])e considered good starters. 98 SPALDING'S ATMLKTIC LlBRARt. "TIMING" By CHAS. J. DIEGES Timing is recognized throughout the athletic world as an all- important factor in to-day's field of sports. At the finish of any athletic event, whether schoolboy racing or the automo- bile's breakneck speed over its course, when the goal is reached and suspense broken the first sentence from the breathless onlookers is, "What's the time?" Then it is up to the man behind the watch. I have often wondered how the athletes of ancient Greece were timed in their contests. To the best of my knowledge, the timing of races could not have been in vogue at that time, unless they used the sun-dial or the hour- glass. From a practical experience of nearly twenty years, my idea on timing is that the only way to gain right results is to have a good timepiece, properly regulated, with the undivided atten- tion as well as accuracy and alertness of the holder of the watch. The stop or timing chronometer was invented about seventy- five years ago, and was originally used to time horse-racing. The fine stop-watch of the twentieth century is a wonderful piece of mechanism, being a very delicately constructed piece of workmanship, which needs to be operated with the greatest of care. It is advisable for one officiating as a timer quite often to have an extra watch at his command. For my own use I have two watches, one being of American and the other of Swiss construction. It seems to me that a finely constructed watch is almost human, and gets used to the handling of one person, and for this reason it has always been my policy never to loan my watch to any one, for I have found in a number of instances when, having been loaned, they were injured or abused in some way. The price of a fine timepiece of this variety SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 99 ranges from $25 to $1,000, depending entirely upon the con- struction and maker. To time properly, hold the watch in either hand, using the forefinger for pressing the pushpiece. Next important is to watch the starter's gun, which should be, and generally is, raised above his head. The flash of the gun, not the report, must be taken at all times. In sprints, and in all other races, the timer must stand right on the line and watch the tape. A timer who stands two or three feet either side of the line cannot get the correct time. Stand on a direct line with the tape, and as the man strikes it get your time. If there is no tape, watch the whitewash line on the path. When the gun is fired and you have caught the flash, watch the competitors coming along, and when they are within about ten yards of the tape turn your entire attention to the tape. If these instructions, which require a little practice at first, are closely followed, you can feel confi- dent you have caught the correct idea of timing. Give your time as you read it from your watch. It is a great mistake for beginners to wait to hear the announcement from other timers, as the most natural impulse would then be tD agree, instead of giving the time they may have on their own watches. In all cases, as I have said before, read your watch as it stands, and then so give it. Signal for the finish of a race is generally to breast the tape, or the moment the foot crosses the line; in autom9bile and bicycling the front wheel is generally taken. In rowing regattas the judges are generally stationed on the shore with a flag. When the flag is raised, it denotes the finish of one crew ; lower- ing of the flag, the finish of the second crew; and raising of the flag again, the finish of the third crew. In this case the timer generally "splits" on his watch, which means the watch must have double timing hands, operated by means of a small knob which stops one hand while the other hand continues on until by the pushpiece, thereby catching first and second winners. There must be three watches; the middle time, or the time of two out of three, is generally taken. Where there are five watches, the time of three out of five must be official — two are 100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. substitute times. Take, for instance, at the 5-second point: if the hand of your watch be a shade to the right of the 5-second point, and not quite touch the 1-5, it would be necessary to call it 5 1-5 seconds; and, in the s^-me manner, if it be between and a trifle to the right of 5 3-5 seconds, instead of calling it 5 3-5 it would be called the slower time, 5 4-5 seconds; where the hand is right direct on the line, or i -5-second mark, it is most natural to call that time. Besides using the stop-watch in this way, we have the electric timing apparatus, which is generally used at automobile racing, and has been used at athletic meetings. With this system a wire is generally stretched at the starting and finishing points, about half an inch from the ground. The instant the racing machine strikes this wire a contact is formed, the wire being connected with the apparatus on a specially constructed stand, where there are from three to six watches; this same contact starts the watches automatically. This also applies to the watches that are stationed at the finish, where the same con- ditions prevail as at the start, when the watches are checked and stopped, thus giving at once the time of both the beginning and ending of the race. There is also an attachment used with the starting of the watches which shoots off a gun at both stations, and this acts as a signal for the spectators, as well as for the extra men present to time by hand. This system has been principally used for straight racing at Florida at the celebrated Ormond-Daytona Beach track, where the speed has been at the rate of two miles per minute and faster. The path of this track is on the edge of the ocean, and is leveled by the incoming and receding of the surf, making it an ideal racing path at low tide. The electric system of timing, however, has not been found practicable as yet for use at track meets, but there is no doubt that in time some inventive genius will perfect an apparatus which, by its automatic construction, will be adapted for use where the time is required for speed. At the celebrated Vanderbilt race, inasmuch as the entire race practically depended upon the time (and it is surprising SPALDINGS ATHIvETIC LIBRARY. 101 to note how closely some of those racing machines are gauged to run like one another), the electric apparatus was not used, but a corps of twelve experienced timers were selected, six of whom were placed at the start, and the others stationed at five, ten, fifteen, twenty and twenty-five mile posts, with telephone connections, these stations being used in cases of break-down or delay, so the time between these points could be easily esti- mated. The machines were started at one-minute intervals, the distance being ten laps, constituting nearly 300 miles. Outside of the timing, it is interesting to know that months of work are required in the preparations for arrangements of a race of this character. It has been estimated that the con- struction of the track and other necessary arrangements have cost up to $100,000. During the elementary trials and finals, the entire space encircling this path was alive with people coming from all parts of the country, the races being witnessed by 250,- 000 spectators. It has been my experience several times at automobile racing, where strong electric currents or batteries were used, to have my watch become magnetized, and had it not been for the close attention of the rest of the official timers the race would have certainly been a failure on account of not catching the time, and it would probably have been necessary to have the same run over again. So it is most important to know your associates with whom you are about to act, for, as in the above case, had they not been on the alert, and assisted me when the race was started, it would have been impossible for me to have gotten the time at all. At the present time organizations have been formed, such as the Chronograph Club of Boston and the New York Timers' Club, where men who are not experienced can receive proper instructions, and are tested, so that if it were necessary to take the records of any important race there would be no doubt in the mind of any one as to the accuracy of the time. These clubs will also in time have all the paraphernalia, such as an electric timing apparatus and testing arrangements, as well as several official watchmakers of high grade. 102 SPALniNC'S ATIILKTIC MP.RARY. Another celebrated race brought to my mind was the "mile a minute," paced by a railroad train, when Charlie Murphy^ well known a number of years ago as a "speed cyclist." at- tempted to ride a mile in a minute. The arrangements for this event, I may say, were most interesting, inasmuch as a special railroad track of about three miles had to be" constructed, with a boarded track laid in between the railroad ties, which had to be so exact and smooth that it required a force of nearly six hundred men, working twenty-fours steadily, to construct it. This boarded track had to be smoothed over by hand-planers after being laid, so as to avoid the possibility of the least chance of a splinter, which might have cost this athlete's life by the tearing of his tires when going at this terrific rate of speed. The train was composed of a locomotive and one car, in the rear of which was constructed a hood to hold the judges, and under which also rode Murphy. In the car were representa- tives of the press and five experienced holders of the watch. Five large flags were placed at the side of the track; red flags denoting the start, the half-mile and the mile finish, and green flags denoting one-quarter and three-quarter mile. All watches were started alike. Three timers were instructed to " split " on the half-mile, one on the quarter, and the other on the three- quarter mile, and all to stop their watches at the finish. Two watches reported 57 3-5 seconds, two reported 58 seconds, and one 57 4-5 seconds; 57 4-5 seconds being the middle time, it was selected. This happened to be the time my watch reported, and constituted the world's record for an event of this kind. The referee of this contest was Mr. James E. Sullivan, now sec- retafy-treasurer of the Amateur Athleiic Union of the United States. For foot ball, basket ball, water polo, and other sports of like nature, a stipulated time for playing is agreed upon, for the timing of which there is now a specially constructed watch, where, in cases of injury, arguments, or delay of any kind, the time is deducted by stopping the watch and starting it again when play is resumed, in order to enable the contestants to play the actual time agreed upon. An instance comes to our mind of our "English cousins" SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 103 questioning the accuracy of the American timers. When our celebrated American athlete, the late Lon E. Myers, went to England to compete in the championships there, they at- tributed his good performances in America to incompetent timing; but after competing in their championships, and romp- ing away with a number of races, beating their best men, they had more confidence in the American timers. Athletics in England are managed a great deal like horse- racing, which permits betting. When Myers arrived at his headquarters he was watched day and night by the book- makers, which was observed by himself and his friends. I un- derstand they were even watched through the cracks of the fence to get information as to how fast he could run. One of the bystanders watching Myers come out of the dressing-room, wanted to know whether he could "really run so fast." Myers remarked he "did not know, but would try," and that he "was just going out for a trot to warm up." He started, and, with- out his knowledge, was secretly timed, and when he ran his quarter it recorded one-fifth of a second within the world's record. The Britishers were astonished, and remarked, "If he calls that a trot, what will 'e do hin a race?" And when he really did compete he established new records. Since that time our friends from across the sea have taken our timing as authentic, there never having been further doubt as to the American ath- letes' performances. I also wish to state that the timing is an important matter in military service. For instance, to get the velocity of bullets, in which cases there are generally screens placed certain dis- tances apart, when a bullet strikes through the screen it forms a contact as in automobile racing, and either starts or stops tne watch. At large gun practice in coast defenses the time is gen- erally taken from the flash of the gun, and stopped when the shot strikes the water. Timing is also used for taking the num- ber of steps per minute in military marching. In fact, I am continually being informed of new usages for the stop-watch, it being used in surgical and other scientific work where it would be an impossibility to get along without it. 104 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. On the importance of accurate timing, I wish to cite an in- stance of injustice that occurred in the case of incompetent and inexperienced timers. Several years ago a schoolboy ran loo yards, and of my two associates one had the time as 9 4-5 seconds, the other ro seconds, while my watch showed 10 3-5 seconds: but with all the argument as to the unfairness of this performance, I could not convince these two men that it cer- tainly would be a great injury to this young man in future competitions, especially where it would be an impossibility, un- der existing conditions in which this race was run, it being a well-known fact that until that time there had been but three or four men in the world who had run 100 yards in 10 seconds. There is now, however, a record on the books of q 3-5 seconds for that distance, which has been made by Dan Kelly, a Western athlete, in 1906. In closing, I desire to call your attention to the importance of being conscientious; whether right or wrong, give your time as your watch records it If you should have an accident with your watch, and the time of the race is important, refuse under any conditions to act, which course on your part would add to rather than lessen, your reputation. SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 105 NOTES FOR THE ATHLETE Protests. — If you have any appeals or protests to make they should be made to the referee. Always remember that the latter's decision should not be questioned and that you must not become abusive. Such conduct will surely bring you trouble, and may be the cause of your being suspended. The referee alone has the power to change the order of events. The referee has the power to disqualify a competitor for- jostling or impeding the progress of another runner, it is immaterial whether done intentionally or through carelessness. In the final heat the referee has the right to disqualify any one who interferes with the other runners, and if he so desires he can order a race between the other competitors. There should be at least four inspectors. They are assistants to the referee. They have no power to make decisions, but can report to the referee any case of deliberate fouling, and the referee can act as he sees fit. The judges at the finish decide the winner, second, third and fourth men, and so on. There is no appeal from their decision. There is also no appeal from the decision of the field judges. The most important official at an athletic meeting is the starter, and in America we have several competent ones, but need a great many more. It requires years of practice in all kinds of competitions to make a starter expert. It will be necessary, of course, in localities where it is impossible to get an expert starter for a man to make himself a starter. In sprint races it is customary in and about New York City, especially at the intercollegiate meeting, as well as other large meetings, for the starter to proceed on this plan : The four starters in the 100- yard race are placed on their marks by "^he clerk of the course. The starter orders the men to take their marks. When the men are at their marks he says, in 106 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIKRART. an authoritative tone, "Get set." Then, after holding the men a reasonable time on the marks, and when they are all steady, so that no one has an advantage over another, he fires his pistol. The clever starter is one that will hold the men at their marks, sending them all away at once as one man, so that no one can have an advantage. Any kind of a pistol will answer for the purposes of the starter, and it is customary to use blank car- tridges. " A starter must hold the pistol in the air so that the timekeepers can see the flash. The judge of walking will give each contestant who is walking unfairly three cautions. If he walks unfairly in the last 220 yards he can be disqualified. The success of a meeting depends, to a great extent, upon the ability of the clerk of the course. He should be energetic, firm, and a bit dictatorial. He should have assistants. He should assign one assistant to the field events and one to the track events, the duty of the assistant clerk of the course being to announce in the dressing-rooms the event to be started. When the contestants come on the field, if it is a handicap event, they should at once take their given handicaps, which are usually marked with whitewash or printed on x>apers and tacked to the border of the track. Each competitor will know by a glance at the programme how much start he has received, and he then goes back and finds the mark. The clerk of the course goes around and sees that each contestant is on his mark. He then blows his whistle to the starter, as an indication that the men are all right. In scratch races the same rule applies. The clerk should be quick and energetic in placing the men and not argue with them as to what position they have on the track or where they should start from. He should invariably have, before one event is started, the next event call d and the men within hailing distance of the starting point. The clerk of the course will be saved a great deal of trouble if the contestants, before they go on the track, procure a pro- gramme and ascertain their number. They should then get their numbers and pin them on, for the reason that contestants are not allowed to start in races unless they are properly num- SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I07 bcred. It is the duty of the clerk of the course to see that each contestant is properly numbered and attired. It is very important in selecting field judges, that you have one or two men who are expert enough to act mtelhgentlv. In putting the shot and throwing the hammer, if the contestant steps outside the circle when making a delivery, it constitutes a foul: also stepping out of the front half of the circle consti- tutes a foul. The measurement in a weight-putting event is from the first break in the earth made by the sphere to the inner edge of the iron or wooden circle. In measuring a broad jump you measure from the neatest break in the earth made by the contestant's heel to the toe-board, but. in making the attempt, should the jumper fall back, you measure from where his body or hand touched the ground nearest to the toe-board. Protest against a competitor or competitors can be made to the games committee or to the referee during the meeting. The finish of a race is when any part of the winner's body, except his hands or arms, shall reach the finish line. The tape stretched across between the finish posts is not the finish line. It is merely placed there to guide the judges in arriving at a decision. The finish line is a whitewash mark drawn across the course at right angles to the sides of the track. When two athletes run a dead heat in a track event they cannot toss. They must compete again. In handicap jumping contests, when there is a tie, the com- petitor receiving the least allowance wins. In case a tie occurs in a scratch contest, three additional trials at each height will be given, and the bar lowered until one shall clear it. In case of a second tie, the contestant wins who clears the bar with the least number of trials. The order of events in the scratch events shall follow the printed programme. In handicap field events the man with the greatest allowance makes the first trial and the scratch man the last. The. field judges shall decide at what height a jump shall commence. Each contestant receives three trials at each height. A foul jump in the running broad jump is when the contest- 108 SPALniNO'S ATHLETIC LIRRARY. ant oversteps the joist and makes a mark on the ground in front of it, or runs over the line without jumping. The latter is what constitutes a foul without result. The club giving the games shall furnish poles in the pole- vaulting contest. An athlete can furnish his private pole, how- ever, and no contestant shall be allowed to use it. The matter of timekeeping is of very great importance. The rule is to time with one-fifth-second watches, and the time- keeper must be a man who has a quick eye and a quick move- ment, for the simple reason that the very moment he notices the smoke of the pistol he starts his watch, and when the runner reaches the tape he must stop the watch instantly, for then he has completed his journey, and any loss of time in stoppmg the watch will be a disadvantage to the runner. Novice timers must be particular to start their watches from the smoke instead of from the sound of the pistol, for obvious reasons. In the case of time-allowance handicaps, the timekeeper must make up a table and start the limit man 'Arsi and the other men ac- cording to their respective allov.ances; for example, m the mile walk A receives 50 seconds; B. 40 seconds; €,30 seconds; and D is on scratch. A is started and given 10 seconds on B, B gets 10 seconds on C, and C gets 30 seconds on D, the watch then showing 50 seconds, which the limit man gets on D. No record performance will be allowed unless timed by at least three official timekeepers, and no record will be accepted unless made in open competition, A man loses his novice -standing the minute he wins a priie and he cannot compete in any other novice race; it is imma- terial when the entries closed. In other words, if a man enters in a novice race at ^ set of games, and the first event should be a 60-yard run handicap, and he finishes second and wins a prize, he cannot compete in a subsecjuent novice race. It is necessary for the Games Committee to look after all the appurtenances of the meeting. ' No professional contest or exhibition shall be allowed at any games held under the auspices of the A. A. U.. except that SPALDING'S ATITLRTIC LIBRARY. 109 regularly employed instructors may take part in exhibitions with their pupils. A contestant, should be properly attired, and it is the duty of the clerk of the course to see that this rule is obeyed. An open event is an event that is open to more than one club, school, college or organization. It is too bad that some plan cannot be perfected whereby the public would be given a chance to witness the athletic games without being interfered with by a lot of unnecessary officials and unruly contestants. Several of the best .thletic meetings held in New York City recently have beei. ruined by officials and contestants, whose only object seemed to be to obstruct the view of the spectators, and the time is not far distant when, if conditions do not change, the Amateur Athletic Union will be forced to pass a law limiting the number of officials that can be on the field. The directors of athletic games should station a man at all points where it is possible to gain entrance to the inner field, and refuse to let anyone in who has not a right to enter. The marshal should be one of the most important officials at athletic games, and some plan should be arranged whereby the contestants, after their event is over, should immediately leave the infield and not obstruct the view of the spectators. 11(1 SI'AMMNtiS ATHLKTIC I.IP.KAUY, SUGGESTIONS FOR OFFICIALS The following letter, sent by Referee J. E. Sullivan to officials of the Intercollegiate A.A.A.A. meeting, held on Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pa., May 27 and 28, 1910, applies so equally well to the conduct of all athletic meetings that it has been reproduced herewith. Gentlemen: TO OFFICIALS. The annual track and field championship meeting of the Inter- collegiate Association of Amateur Athletics of America is to be held on Franklin Field, Philadelphia, Pa., on Friday and Saturday, May 27 and 28, 1910, and as you have been selected to officiate on both of these days your co-operation with the Executive Committee and the Referee to make this meeting a perfect field meeting, from a managerial standpoint, is earnestly requested. This can be accomplished if all work together with a recognized plan and, therefore, at the suggestion of the Execu- tive Committee, Frank B. Ellis and R. B. Burns, Jr., 1, as Referee, herewith set forth certain points and interpretations in relation to the various events that are not fully explained in the hand- book, and some that are. Most of these instructions are thor- oughly familiar to the officials selected, but to make them com- plete as possible every point that could be foreseen has been included. The officials have been selected for their respective positions because the Executive Committee believes they are the best men qualified to fill the same, but, nevertheless, it is expected that any official selected will willingly fill some other position, or positions, should circumstances warrant the change. INFORMATION FOR OFFICIALS. Officials of the games will be admitted to Franklin Field at the entrance located at the West end of the South Stand. Your ticket enclosed will be your passport. Once inside, you will pro- cure your official badge from an official whom you will recog- ' SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. Ill nize by the satchel which he holds just inside the field on the track. Present this letter. We will use badges with ribbons of three colors. I St. White Badges. These will admit to every part of the field. They will be given to the Referee, Clerk of the Course, Marshall, etc. 2nd. Red Badges. These badges will entitle the wearer to the Judge's Stand and Timer's boxes, which will be found at the finish, and the portion of the track adjacent thereto. 3rd. Blue Badges. These are for the officials having charge of the field events, and will entitle the wearer to occupy only that part of the field on which the field events are contested. By this- arrangement of badges, we expect to avoid the con- fusion often caused by the officials of the field events crowding around the finish of the track events, and vice versa. The games will commence promptly at 3.00 o'clock each day. We request all the officials to be on the field at 2:15, on Friday, to avoid all confusion, and to see that everything needed is on hand and in readiness. The games commence at 3.00 P. M. on Friday, and at 3.00 P M. on Saturday, and as there is always more or less delay on Friday in arranging the heats, which will be done by the Referee, and in getting the field events under way, owing to the large number of entries officials are requested to be on hand at least three-quarters of an hour before the tim>e set for the commence- ment of the games on each day. They will receive their badges from an officer of the Intercollegiate Association, or some one designated hy the Executive Committee, and it is especially requested that the officials refrain from asking for badges for their friends, who no doubt would like to help out, as it is the desire of the Executive Committee to keep the field clear this year of all but the actual competitors and officials that have been selected. The Field Judges, upon their arrival in the Stadium, will find a Fairbanks standard scales and a measuring board. They will at once weigh each implement for the field events and measure the hammer. Each implement (if correct) should be marked. 112 Sl'ALDlNGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY, Under no circumstances must the officials allow the contest- ant or his representative to remove from the field any imple- ment that has been weighed or measured and found correct. If the P^ield Judges decide that the implement is not official, it must be immediately removed from the field. This weighing and measuring mnjst be repeated on Saturday, prior to th.c games. The Field Judges must be careful to meas- ure the hammers after they have been thrown a few times, for a case is on record where the hammer handle stretched several inches. This is one thing the measurers should watch for and be very careful about. PUTTING THE SHOT. On Friday the Field Judges will give to each contestant three trials, the best five to go in the finals on Saturday. On Saturday these five shall each be allowed three trials, and the best four competitors of the two afternoons, three additional trials. The best performance of the two afternoons shall decide the con- test. Great care must be exercised by the officials in watching out for foul shots. The shot is put from a wooden, iron ur white- washed circle, 7 feet in diameter. It is a foul put when a part of the contestant's foot goes on the circle. He is allowed seven feet, and the seven feet is measured from the insidt of the circle, not from the outside. Frequently, in shot putting, the contestant will try to take up all the space he can. Many put their right foot on the circle. It should not be allowed and is a foul put if they do so. Some shot putters will go to the toe board, not hit the toe board, but go to the side of the toe board, landing on the whitewashed mark or on the steel ring. .?That put is foul. Be careful in watching to bear in mind that a man can go to the toe board and leave the print of the spike of his shoes against the toe board, but if he goes on top of the board it is a foul put. A whitewashed line should be marked through the 7-foot circle, showing the front half and the rear half of the circle. Touching the ground forward of the front half of the circle before the put is measured is a foul. That means walking out the front half of the circle before the put is measured. It means if a man loses SPALDING'S ATHLIilTIC LIBRARY. 113 his balance and touches the ground in front of the circle it is a foul put, and if a competitor, in putting the shot, has one foot on the top of the toe board it is a foul put. He can go to the toe board and touch it for a brace, but he cannot put his foot on top of it. He must also remember that if he touches the ground outside the circle with any portion of his body while the shot is in his hands it is a foul. THROWING THE HAMMER, On Friday the Feld Judges will give to each competitor three trials, the best five to go in the finals on Saturday. On Satur- day these five shall each be allowed three trials, and the best four competitors of the two afternoons three additional trials. The best performance of the two afternoons shall decide the contest. Weigh each implement for the field events, and measure the hammer. The intercollegiate A. A. A. A. has changed its rule in relation to the construction of the hammer. A wire gauge will be furnished and the wire used in each handle must conform to the rules. The handle must be of rigid construction. Be sure that the head and handle of the hammer is not more than four feet and that it does not weigh less than sixteen pounds. It is also a good thing to have some tacks and strips of lead handy : in case shot and hammer are light weight they can be brought up to the proper weight. These hammers and shots, when so weighted, must be carefully watched to see thit, the weight so added does not come ofif. The hammer is thrown from a 7- foot circle and the contestant rraust not put his foot on the circle. He must start inside of the circle. If a contestant starts to swing the hammer and lets go, it is considered a throw and it is a foul; if he starts to swing himself and does not let the hammer go out of his hands, but steps outside the circle or on the circle, it is a foul. If in making an attempt, the hammer breaks, he is allowed another trial ; that has been an established rule — ^although not in the handbook it has been passed upon by the Executive Committee. This does not mean if the hammer breaks when it lands. It means if the hammer breaks in his hands, while making the attempt. The head has been known to 114 SrALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LIBKARY. snap off in this way. An imaginary line must be drawn through the center of the circle, showing the front and rear half of the circle. If a contestant walks out or falls out the front half before his put is measured, it is a foul. Always bear in mind that the circle is 7 feet in diameter, measured from the inside of the circle, not from the outside, and if a contestant steps on the circle it is a foul. The Field Judge must see that the circles are properly marked and measured before the competition commences. Foul lines, when necessary, must be plainly indicated on the ground, and the tak;e-off board must be spirit level with the earth. Arrange with the Management before the competition commences to have an attendant 10 carry back the hammer and shot, and secure an attendant to rake and level the earth after each jump and handle the cross bars. Field Judges must, during the hammer throwing, measure the hammer several times to see that it has not stretched. If a hammer handle stretches, all throws made with that hamm-er shall not be recorded and the contestant shall not be given an- other trial. It therefore rests with each contestant to see that his implement is absolutely legal and correct. THE FIELD JUDGES ON THE BROAD JUMP. 1"he Field Judges will commence the competition promptly at 3.00 P. M. on Friday and 3 P. M. on Saturday. Each man will be allowed three trials and the best five will go in the finals on Saturday, the best four having three additional trials. The best performance of the two afternoons shall deside the contest. The Field Judges must see that the dirt in the box is absolutely spirit level with the take-off board. Stepping over the take-off board is a try. If a contestant touches the earth in front of the take- off board with the spikes of his shoes or with his shoes it is a try, not measured ; in other words, a foul. The earth in f^-ont of the take-off board must be dug to the depth of three inches. If a contestant jumps and falls back, measure from that part of his body that is nearest the take-off board, no matter where he lands or touches you measure from the nearest break made by Si'AT.niNG'S ATHLETIC J.IBItARY. 115 any part of his body or his clothing to the take-off joist. Meas- urers must see that the workman who is there to rake the ground rakes it absokitely level, and great care must be exercised by the measurer that the measuring tape lies exactly flat ; there must be no little hills of dirt to raise it. FIELD JUDGES ON HIGH JUMP. Each contestant is allowed three trials at each height, and the best five of the competition on Friday afternoon shall compete again on Saturday. The event shall be decided by the contest of Saturday, the jumps of Friday not counting, except for a record and the purpose of qualifying for Saturday. If a tie on Friday would qualify more than five men, then that tie must be jumped off, as no more than five men can compete on Saturday. In the High Jump and Pole Vault the event shall be decided by the contest on Saturday. The measurers are to decide the height of the bar; the contestants have absolutely nothing what- ever to do with it. A contestant can omit any height, but he cannot have the bar lowered to try at the height that he omitted. After a contestant has answered his name and taken one trial at a given height he cannot omit the other two trials, but must continue and finish his three trials at the height he commenced, unless called to compete on the track or in some other field event. The question of moving uprights will be decided by the Executive Committee at a meeting to be held in the near future. This point has heretofore caused a great deal of trouble, owing to the fact that each contestant seems to think that it is neces- sary for him to change the position of the uprights. Definite instructions regarding the matter will be given to the officials either on the day of the meeting or sooner. THE JUDGES AT THE POLE VAULT. The interpretation of the rules regarding the High Jump will also apply to the Pole Vault. The measurer shall decide on the height of the bar at each successive elevation. The contestants have nothing whatever to say about it. Two balks shall count as a try. The point has been 116 SPALDTNCrhi ATITI.ETIC T.IRKAKY. brought before tlie Executive Committee at i)re\'ious m/eetings, and it has been decided that should a contestant break his pole it will not be considerd a try. The Judges must carefully watch each man's vault to see that his lower hand is not raised over the other during the vault; he can bring his lower hand up to his other hand, but not over it ; he cannot raise the upper hand. Competitors are allowed to dig holes if they so desire. The Judges should see, before the competition begins, that take-off ground is spirit) level, so that in case of a record measuring will be easy. The pegs must be set in the uprights perfectly straight and not extend out over two inches, and must be kept the same distance during the entire competition. The cross-bar should be marked "Top" and "Bottom," and as it is replaced after each jump the side marked "Top" must be turned up. If this is not done it may make a difference of one-half or one-eighth of an i^xh. The judges must be careful to see that an attendant or fellow connpetitor does not grab the pole that a contestant has used in the pole vault so as to prevent it displacing the cross bar. The contestants in the pole vault must handle their own poles, and if the pole falls and displaces the bar that is considered a try. Therefore prohibit any attendant or fellow competitor from grasping the pole if it has a tendency to follow the competitor. The contestant can throw it the other way and it can then be caught by someone before it touches the ground, but under no circumstances must an attendant or anyone else stand ready to grab the pole before the vaulter has finished his vault. TO^ ALL FIELD JUDGES. In all field events the officials shall excuse a contestant if he is called for a track event, or other field event, and after the event he shall be allowed his missed trials. The Field Judges shall in- struct the contestants that any unnecessary delay on their part will be considered by the Field Judges and a try counted. Of course, the Field Judges will use good judgment in this particular new rule before they call a try on one of the contestants. Bear in mind that there is no law that calls for trial jumps, trial si'aldin(t'8 athi.eth" library. 117 puts, or trial throws. If the contestants want a Httle practice let them take the field at 2.30 P. M. and have a half-hour's practice. At 3.00 P. M. on Friday and 3 P. M. on Saturday the Field Judges will stop all trials and commence the competition. In other words, all trials and practicing must be done prior to the time set for the commencing of the competition. JUDGES AT FINISH. The Judges at the finish will pick the men in the order of their names on the program. Two shall stand at one end of the tape and two at the other. In case of a disagreement the Judges shall constitute themselves a jury and the majority shall decide. It is good judgment for the judges to watch the finish, i, 2, 3, 4, in the different races, so that they can give evidence, if necessary, and they should bear in mind that the finish is not at the tape; it is a line on the ground drawn across the track from post to post, and a contestant shall not be considered to have finished his race unless his entire body crosses the line. If a man falls, of course, and part of his body is on the line, that is not a finish. In watching the finish it is good judgment for the juc'ge who has been selected to pick the winner to also note carefully who finished second, third and fourth, and the judge who is picking second man should note who finished third and fourth, and in case of a disagreement the majority will decide. In other words the judge selected to pick the first man should not confine his efforts to the winner only, and the same thing applies to the other judges. In case of a disagreement they must cast their votes to arrive at a final decision. TIMEKEEPERS. Three timekeepers shall record the time, two on one side and one on the other. A substitute watch shall always be used, but the three timers only shall serve, so that should a record be made the time can be official. The timers shall make it a point to see that they are not obstructed and that they are directly in line with the tape. Five timers have been appointed. Three will serve as official timers in rotation with each event. 118 rpalding'kS athletic library. THE CLERK OF THE COURSE. The Clerk of the Course shall designate to his assistants their work. He shall, promptly at 2.30 P. M. on Friday and 2.30 P. M. on Saturday, either himself personally or through one of his, assistants, call the competitors. He, or his assistant, shall check off. The competitors shall bear in mind this rule ; they must, upon arriving at the ground, report to the Clerk of the Course, or his assistant or representative, and the contestant must inform himself of the time of each event in which he competes. The excuse that he has not been called will not be considered a reasonable excuse, and the Clerk of the Course will see that no competitor starts without his proper number. Rule Vni. holds the Clerk of the Course responsible for the appearance of the contestants at the proper time for each event. Rule XI. says that the contestants must report promptly at the start of each race without waiting to be notified. Notwithstand- ing this, it is the duty of the Clerk of the Course and his assist- ants to see that each event is properly announced at least five minutes before the event is called and after the Clerk of the Course is assured that his assistants have made the official call he must not hold back the event, must not detain the checking up of the contestants ; he must do it at once and turn the athletes over to the Starter. At some college meets this year this matter has not been managed particularly well. At nearly all of them there have been unnecessary delays due to the fact that the con- testants did not respond promptly to the call of the Clerk of the Course. In dual meets perhaps there may be some excuse. At this meeting there will be no excuse and none will be taken. Each college should make it a point to see that some one inter- ested in it keeps posted and gets the men out at the proper time. Programs will be printed intelligently and the order of the events is set forth in the Intercollegiate A.A.A.A. Handbook that accompanies this letter, and it is to be hoped that the con- testants will help the officials to do their duty. The contestants must bear in mind that no attendants what- ever are allowed on the infield, nor can they accompany a com- petitor to the mark or to the events, cither track or field. SfALDlNG'S ATHLETIC LI6RARY. lid THE STARTER. The Starter has had assigned to him the events that he is to start. After the Clerk of the Course is through with the men he will turn them over to the Starter. It is to be hoped that he will not bother the men with unnecessary speeches, but will get the event off as soon as possible. THE CHIEF SCORER. The Chief Scorer shall assign his assistants and they are the ones to call the contestants for their trials. The scorers shall, in the field events, keep a complete record of all the trials, and it is his duty to announce the name of the next contestant and then call the one that follows, so that there will be no delay. There shall be a scorer at the start of each race and one at the finish, so as to get a complete record of all the contestants that start and all that finish. THE INSPECTORS. . The inspectors are assistants to the Referee. They will assist him in detecting fouls, or interference during a race. The in- spectors are important officials. At previous mieetings, there has been a great deal of pushing and jostling in the start of the one-mile, the half-mile and the two-mile races. This year it must be stopped. There will be three inspectors stationed at the start of the events above mentioned. The contestants must understand that the colleges draw for their position and even if there is any advantage in the inside position they must not shove and push to get it; if they do, on the report of the in- spectors, they are liable to be disqualified. In the hurdle race it will be the duty of the inspectors to see that the hurdles are all up when the contestants have finished their race, because in the matter of a record, if a hurdle is down, the record will not be allowed. In the hurdle race it is the duty of the Management to see that the hurdles, which are of a collapsible kind, are buckled or spiked so that it will be an impossibility for the top to collapse and leave the hurdle standing. Inspectors are requested to ex- amine the hurdles before the hurdle race is started. 120 SrAT.DTXO'fi ATTTLKTTr TJRnA"RY. I desire particnlarl} to call the attention of the inspectors to the following rule (Rule 20, I. C. A. A. A. A. Handbook, page 28) : FOULING. Any competitor may be disqualified by the referee for jostling, running across, or in any \va\- impeding another and all the competitors representing a member of of the Association in any one event mray be disqualified by the referee by the act of any one of such competitors in jostling, running across or in any way impeding an- other. 1 his rule should be read carefully by the Inspectors, Captains and Managers' of each college team that takes part in the meet- mg. The above rule clearly gives to the Referee . the right to disqualify all men from any one college. if it is clear that one or two men have entered for the sole purpose of impeding, inter- fering with or jostling any one particular runner. Team work of this kind must be eliminated. Tf it occurs, the Referee may disqualify the entire team of which the competitor is a member. It would be good judgment if the mspector, when competitors get to a particular bend of the track, would run with therm for fifteen or twenty yards and watch them carefully. The Referee has his hands full and the meeting can only be made a success by all the officials working together as a unit. After a race has been completed it is to be hoped that interested collegians and contestants will not bother the Referee. He will, if evidence is necessary, consult with the inspectors and then render a decision ; it is not necessary to ask for a decision. Last year there were some complaints owing to the number of heats necessary, and it is only fair to state, however, that according to the law the heats must be so arranged that the second men in all trial heats are given the chance to run over. TRACK JUDGES. The Referee will give the Judges instructions as to the num- ber of men they are to pick in each heat. Should a dead heat • SrALDINO'S ATHLirnC J.IBUARY. 12l result the judges must report the same at once to the Reteree, who can order a re-run of that dead-heat at once, if necessary. THE CHIEF FIELD JUDGE. There will be appointed a Chief Field Judge, who will repre- sent thti Referee. It will be his duty to see that the field events are started promptly at 3.00 P. Al. on Friday and 3 P. AI. on Saturday, and that there will be no unneqessary delay in the competition. This will materially assist the Referee, and if the Field Judges will ask the Chief Field Judge any questions he will get for them the information they desire. THE ANNOUNCER'S. As an announcer is to serve for each field event it is re- quested that they keep the spectators constantly informed of the progress of the contestants in these events. They are also requested to confine their efforts to announc- ing the performances, and not indulge in side remarks, as some- times happens. THE MARSHAL. The Marshal is absolrtely responsible to the Referee and the Executive Committee for the control of individuals who are on the field when not competing. It is his duty to see that all competitors are requested to leave the field after the competition and, if possible, to prohibit officials loaning their badges to those who desire to go on the field to have a few moments con- versation with some friendly official or college mate who is competing. Officials should wear their badges prominently. It is the Marshal's duty to request each athlete to leave the infield as soon as he is through with his competition. It is not neces- sary for him to stay there to encourage his friends. Com- plaints have been made to the Referee that contestants on the infield, competing in field events, coached runners in several races. It is to be hoped that the officials will prohibi; coaching of this kind by competitors on the infield during a race. JAMES E. SULLIVAN, Referee. 122 SPALDINCS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ORGANIZATION OF A CLUB The course to pursue in cjider to start amateur athletics would be to call a meeting of students and pupils of all colleges and schools, respectively, and, if a manufacturing town, call all employees, as well as others who would be likely to take an interest in amateur pastimes, and organize an athletic club to be named after your county or town. The constitution and by-laws of such club should be modeled on the following lines : CONSTITUTION ARTICLE I. N A M !•: . Section i. This organization shall be known as [name adopted], incorporated [date]. OBJECT. Sec. 2. The object of this club shall be physical development. Sec. 3. Gambling and sale of liquors will not be allowed in gymnasium or club room. Members who are expelled for vio- lating this section forfeit all rights in and to the privileges, prop- erty and franchises of the club, but are still liable for arrears of dues, fees, assessments or charges previously held against them. The club agrees to abide by all rules and regulations of the Amateur Athletic Union or any of its committees. ARTICLE II. MEMBERSHIP. Section i. A candidate for membership must be not less than 18 years of age, and can only be proposed by a member in good standing, upon the proposition blank issued by the SrALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 123 club, which must be accompanied by the regular fee, and handed to the Recording Secretary at least two weeks before the regular meeting. Sec. 2. All candidates shall be voted for by ballot at the regular monthly meeting. If three (3) black balls are cast against the candidate, he shall be rejected and his proposition fee returned to him.' Sec. 3. A rejected candidate cannot be proposed more than once in six (6) months. ARTICLE III. RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES OF MEMBERS. Section i. The members of this club shall have the privi- lege of using the grounds and all apparatus contained within the club rooms or in possession of the club. Sec. 2. Only members in good standing shall be privileged to vote and are eligible to office. Sec 3. Any member, to hold an office of trust or responsi- bility, must have been a member in good standing for three (3) months or more. ARTICLE IV. meetings. Section i. The regular meetings of this club shall be held f.)n the evening of the , at 8 p. m. Sec 2. At the recjuest of twelve (12) members, the Presi- dent may call a special ineeting should any circumstance re- quire it. Written or printed notices of all special meetings shall be sent to each member in good standing, at least 48 hours before said meeting shall be held, and no business but that specified shall be transacted at said meeting. Sec 3. Fifteen (15) members in good standing shall con- stitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. 224 SPALDING'S ATHLKTIC LIIiKARY. ARTICLE V. OFFICERS. Section i. The officers of this club shall consist of a Presi- dent, Vice-President, Recording Secretary, Financial Secre- tary, Treasurer, Sergeant-at-Arms and Assistant, Captain of Indoor Sports and Assistant, Captain of Outdoor Sports and Assistant, Master of Property and Assistant, and the Board of Trustees. Sec. 2. The Board of Trustees shall consist of five (5) mem- bers. ARTICLE VI. ELECTIONS. Section i. All officers shall be elected annually by ballot (or by acclamation, should there be but one candidate) at the regular meeting held in of each year. Sec 2. In case of vacancy of any office, an election to fill such vacancy shall be held at the next regular meeting. Sec 3, Should any officer absent himself from three suc- cessive regular meetings, without excuse satisfactory to the club, the office becomes vacant, and the club shall immediately proceed to fill same. Sec 4. In case of a tie vote at any election, the club shall again vote; should the second ballot result in a tie, the chair- man's vote shall be the deciding vote. ARTICLE VIL duties of officers. Section i. It shall be the duty of the President to preside at all meetings of the club, and conduct the same according to the Constitution and By-Laws of this club, examine and sign all official documents requiring his signature, exert a gen- eral supervision over the interests of the club, and perform such other duties as are usually required of and performed by a presiding officer; and call special meetings according to Ar- ticle IV., Section 2, of this Constitution. fie shall not vote. SrALDING'S ATHLKTIC LIBRARY. 125 except in case of a tie, and neither make nor second a /notion of any kind. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of the Vice-President to per- form all the duties of the President in case of the latter 's absence, or when called upon by that officer. Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the Recording Secretary to call the roll of officers; keep a correct account of the pro- ceedings of the club, issue all proper notices, receive and open all communications, and conduct all the correspondence apper- taining to his office; keep a blank book in which vShall be re- corded the names of all persons rejected, suspended or expelled by the club, specifying for what offence such action was taken. He shall, for the faithful performance of his duty, receive per annum, payable quarterly. Sec. 4. The Financial Secretary shall keep a correct ac- count between the club and its members; collect all money due the club and pay the same to the Treasurer, taking receipt therefor. At every regular meeting he shall render a list of all members four months or more in arrears to the Recording Secretary. He shall notify all members that are liable to suspension or expulsion within one week previous thereto. He shall, for the faithful performance of his duty, receive per annum, payable quarterly. Sec. 5. The Treasurer shall receive all money collected by the Financial Secretary, for which he shall give his receipt, shall hold all money belonging to the club and pay therefrom all orders for money attested by the Recording Secretary countersigned by the President and signed by the Board o; Trustees. The Treasurer shall furnish a bond, the amount of which shall be decided by the Board of Trustees. The bond shall be renewed immediately after the election. The Treasurer shall, at no time, have on hand more than all money above that amount to be deposited by him in some bank, to be decided by the Board of Trustees, delivering the book to the Board of Trustees within forty-eight hours after having made the deposit. 126 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. He shall make a written report at every regular meeting of the condition of the finances. He shall, for the faithful per- formance of his duties, receive per annum, payable quarterly. SERGEANT-AT-ARMS AND ASSISTANT. Sec. 6. It shall be the duty of the Sergeant-at-Arms and Assistant to maintain and preserve order at all business and gymnastic meetings. INDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. Sec. 7. The Indoor Captain shall, have charge of all indoor exercises, as per rules and regulations of gymnasium; all orders and commands made by him during class hours must be com- plied with; any disobedience on part of exercising members h^ will report to the club at the next regular meeting. In the absence of the Indoor Captain the Lieutenant shall officiate in his stead. OUTDOOR CAPTAIN AND ASSISTANT. Sec. 8. The Outdoor Captain shall endeavor to promote outdoor athletic sports. It shall be his dutv to handicap club competitions and appoint officials for same. In the absence of the Outdoor Captain the Assistant Ca])tain will officiate in his stead. MASTER OF PROPERTIES .\XD ASSISTANT Sec. g. It shall be their duty to have charge of all apparatus of the club, shall keep same in good order, repair or have re- pairing attended to, charging the same to the club. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Sec. 10. The Board of Trustees shall have charge of all the property, effects and assets of the club. They shall, with the sanction of the club, have the power to buy or sell any property of the club. To have and use a common seal and under said seal to enter into contracts. It shall be thei'- dutv to effect insurance on all property l)elonging to the cluo SI'ALDIXC'S A'rni-KTIC l.mUAUV. 127 They shall report the condition of the club quarterly and at such other times as the club may require. It shall be their duty to investigate the qualifications of all candidates pro- posed for membership, which must be approved of by a ma- jority of the Board. The Board of Trustees, in conjunction with the officers of the club, shall receive and consider all com- plaints of disorderly conduct. They shall inflict punishment on the members found guilty, in the following degrees ■, First offence — Reprimanded. Second offence — Debarred from all the rights and privileges of the club for the term of two (2) months, or a fine of $1. Third offence — His name shall be brought up at the next regular meeting of the club to be expelled. In the case of a member of the Board of Trustees absenting himself from three consecutive meetings, without valid excuse, his office shall be declared vacant and his place filled by ballot at the next monthly meeting of the club. Any member to be eligible to Trusteeship must be 18 years of age. ARTICLE VIII. COLORS AND UNIFORM Section i. The colors of this club shall be The uniform of the club shall consist of Sec. 2 The emblem shall be a Sec. 3. Any member representing this club at any com- petition, when entered by the club, must wear the club uni form, as described in Sec. i of this Article. ARTICLE IX. AMENDMENTS OR REPEAL, Section i. This Constitution may be amended or repealed by a two-third vote of the members present at a regular meet- ing; provided that a copy of the proposed amendments shall have been handed to the Secretary and read at a previous meeting and that all members be notified thereof. 128 pPALniXC/S ATIILKTIC MlUtARY. BY-LAWS ARTICLE I Section i. The regular dues of this chib shall be per month. Sec. 2. Any member in arrears of dues to tlu- amount of shall be notified, and uidess giving a satisfactory explanation shall be expelled. Sec. 3. Any member being fined or assessed, or who is in- debted to the club for balb picnic or excursion tickets, and neglects to pay the same within months, shall be im- mediately notified by the Financial Secretary, and should he fail to pay at the next regular meeting, his name shall be pre- sented to the club for action; the penalty for this offence shall be fine suspension or expulsion, as the clul) may decide. ARTICLE II. RESIGNATION. Section i. Any resignation of membership must be made in writing, but no resignation shall receive any consideration by the club until arrears, if any. have been paid, according to Article I., Sections 2 and 3 of the By-Laws. ARTICLE III. Section i. The Board of Trustees shall have legal title tc all the property of the club, should the same become insolvent or disorganized. ARTICLE IV. Section i. Any member requesting to be suspended, and giving a satisfactory reason m writing, may. upon the decision of the club, be suspended for a specified time. ARTICLE V. reinstatement. Section i. Any member stricken from the roll on account of being in arrears, may be reinstated by paying up all his in- i^l'ALI)I\(rs ATITl^ETK' IJTUIAKV. 129 tU'bledncss lo the cliib. hut must ho elected by a two-third vote of all the members ])resent at a meetini^. ARTK^Li-: vr. F I X !■; s . Shction 1. Any membi'i failini^ to uotif\- the Recording Secretary of the chaiii^e of his addnss, within thirty (30) days shall be fined ARTICLE VII. HOXOkARV MEMBERS. Section i. Honorary membership may be conferred by the majority vote of the club; he shall have all the privileges, but no voice or vote in the club, cannot be eligible for office, shall not be liable for dues, nor attend meetings. He may become an active member by the payment of dues from the date of his application, ARTICLE VIII. entries. Section i. Any member competing in an open competition sanctioned by the A. A. U., when not entered by the club, shall pay his own entrance fee. ARTICLE IX. VISITORS. Section r. Visitors must be vouched for or accompanied bv a member. shall be visitors' night. ARTICLE X. damage to property. Section i. Damage to property shall be paid for by any person or persons wilfully causing same. 130 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. ARTICLE XI. AMENDMENTS. Section i. These By-Laws may be amended or repealed, according to Article IX., Section i, of the Constitution. ARTU LE XH. DISSOLUTION. ^ Section i. This club shall in no wise be dissolved as long as members shall be in favor of its continuance. ARTICLE XIII. ORDER OF BUSINESS. 1. Opening. 2. Roll-call of officers and trustees. 3. Readmg the minutes of the previous meeting. 4. Proposal and election of new members. 5. Election of Officers and Trustees. 6. Reports of various committees. 7. Reading of correspondence. 8. Report of Financial Secretary, 9. Report of Treasurer. 10. Unfinished business. 1 1. New business. 12. Adjournment. srAM)iN<;s A'iiiij;ric i.iukary. 181 COUNTY ATHLETIC LEAGUES In 1895 Mr. C. C. Hughes, a member of the Board of Gov- ernors, of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, sug- gested to the governing body that it should create in every county in the United States, particularly the counties that do not include large cities, a County Athletic League, to become a member of the Association controlling the district of the A.A.U. wherein such county is located. At that time the A.A.U. sent throughout the United States ten thousand circular letters explaining how a league could be formed* and ten thousand copies of the Athletic Primer, which proved a great advantage toi those who believe in regulated athletics and the benefits, derived therefrom. The time is now ripe, owing to the growth of organized athletics, to have County Athletic Leagues,, properly constituted and controlled, to work with the Amateur Athletiq Union of the United States, the body that has established amateur athletics in these United States. Could we therefore, ask of you to call together the prominent workers of your county to form a County Athletic League, bringing into your organization those interested in playground activities, Sunday School athletics, church athletics, settlement athletics and the athletic interests of the public school, high school, military and college groups. Endeavor by all means, if you have a factory or factories, to interest all of the factory young men in the movement. This league could then control all of the athletic activities of the district, and its members could compete among themselves without registration or sanction from the A.A.U., as it would be a league of individual athletes. The only condition in relation to having the activities recog- nized, would be that the league must become a member of the Association of the A.A.U. which controls that territory. But of course they would have to recognize the law of athletics, and pro- fessionals could not compete. If they allowed a professional to compete with them, they would all become professionals. This particular group could hold all kinds of athletic games among themselves, but should any of its members desire to leave the county to compete or take part in games within the county open 132 SrAI>DING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. to individuals not members of the County Athletic League, the men would have to register with the A.A.U., as that would be competing in open games and the meetings would also have to be sanctioned. Our suggestion regarding County Athletic Leagues is made to encourage the boys of the different counties. They could compete under proper rules and regulations and the Metropolitan Associa- tion would furnish to them a copy of the athletic rules and if necessary a copy of the Constitution and By-Laws. The Metro- politan Association would also help out in furnishing proper of- ficials to conduct your athletic activities. The benefits to be derived from organized athletics are so many some must of course be known to you. Start the boy in athletics and you are going to make a good citizen of him. In the first place, the boys have to compete under the rules that are laid down by the governing body; they are taught that they must obey these laws. They are in a good atmosphere, and their training is the best kind of work for future citizenship. The boy's morals are kept good, for if a boy between the age of twelve and eighteen years takes up athletics and follows the necessary simple course of training he should not drink or smoke, he should not dissipate, and he should get a full night's rest. This builds up the body. This is the kind of work we are doing and the kind of work we want the County Athletic Leagues to encourage. It is the kind of work that the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States, the most influential governing body in the world, has al- ways stood for. If this movement is to be a success it is to your advantage, if you are interested, to have the prominent officials and business men of your county call a conference to organize a County Athletic League. I would recommend that the County Clerk call the meeting and that there be elected a board of governors of fifteen of the most important business men of your district, including prominent clergymen, one from each denomination. EVERETT C. BROWN. J. E. SULLIVAN, President Amateur Athletic Union, Secretary-Treasurer. Chicago, 111. 133 HOW TO LAY OUT A LAWN TENNIS COURT From Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual. As a double court practically includes every line to be found in a- single court, it is best to take first the measure for the latter. Having determined the position of your net, plant in the ground, in the line chosen, two pegs, 2"/ feet apart (at the points A and B in the diagram). Then take two measures and attach their re- spective ends to the pegs A and B. On the first, which will meas- ure the diagonal of the court, take a length of 47 feet 5 inches; on the other 39 feet ; pull both taut in such directions that at these distances they meet in a point C . This \\\\\ give one corner of the court. At that point F, 21 feet from B, put in a peg to mark the end of the service line. The other corner, D, and the other end of the service-line G, may be found by interchanging the measures and repeating the process. The same measurements on the other side of the net will complete the exterior boundaries of the court. By prolonging the base-line 4 feet 6 inches in each 134 SrALDINO-f; ATlTLKTir LIBKARY direction, and joining the four new points thus obtained, we can make the side-lines of a double court. It only remains to mark the central line. This is done by joining the middle points of the service-line. If a double court alone be required, the interior side-lines need not be prolonged to rrueet the base-lines. Remember that in all cases the net-posts must stand at a dis- tance of three feet from the side-lines. Side'Line 78 feet i 1 f t Half Court ! Line, 42 feet h 1 Diaaram of Sinfjle and Double Court. For a court where a single or double game can be played, the size is 78 feet in length by 36 in width, 4V2 feet inside the side lines, and parallel with them are drawn the service lines. See diagram above. Sl'ALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. I35 HOW TO BUILD AND KEEP A LAWN TENNIS COURT Nothing is more important for the full enjoyment of lawn tennis than a satisfactory court, and none of the other accessories of the game offers a wider variety. Many important considera- tions come up even after the kind of court to be built, and the cost, have been decided upon. No matter how much is to be spent on the ground, nor what the surface is to be, the most im- portant things to consider first are space, light and drainage. The back-stop nettings should never be nearer than fifteen feet to the lines, and if good players are expected to use the court, particularly if tournament matches are to take place on it, the space behind the base-line should be 21 feet at each end. At the sides at least 6 feet, if possible 12 feet should be allowed beyond the side lines for doubles o^ each court. A well-appointed court for tournarruent play should be centered in an unobstructed space of not less than 60x120 feet. Wire back-stop netting 10 or 12 feet high should surround it at these distances from the lines. If there are two or more courts together, there should be at least 12 feet between their side-lines, and one netting can surround all. In. selecting a site for a court, a spot, should be chosen where there is always plenty of sunlight, and where at no time of the day does any shadow cross the ground on which the court is to be laid. Green or black is a preferable background to play against, but any dark and even color will do. A court should never be laid out with any very light background within a short distance at either end, or close at either side. Nor should a site be selected with a badly mixed or moving background. Shade trees are use- ful near a court, only if their shadow is a solid one, not constantly checkered by flecks of ^ sunlight glittering through moving branches, which constantly confuse the players. Never should they be allowed near enough to cast any shadows on the playing surface. 136 SI'ALD1N<;S ATIUvKTIC LIliKAin'. One more cardinal point should be remembered. The court should invariably be laid out north and south — never east and west. If this warning is disregarded, the I'.la.Ncr at one end or the other will be hopelessly blinded by the sun. The question of drainage is one oil the most important consid- erations in selecting a site of this kind. On the natural facilities depends largely the cost of laying out a good court. If the natural soil be sandy and well drained, or if it is on high ground which slopes away near by, artificial drain pipes will not have to be put in, and this saves much of the cost, but if it be thick clay that holds moisture long, or on low ground with neighboring slopes that drain toward it, the court will be useless for many hours after each rainfall unless artificial drain-pipes are put in. After the site has been selected, it must be decided whether a grass or "dirt" court is to be built. If the natural sod is luxu- riant and the soil favorable for its growth, or if the court is not to be used enough to wear ofif the grass, a turf court will gener- ally be found preferable, but if the ground is to be constantly in use, the sod will wear off and becomie "bald'' unless there is space enough on the lawn to shift the court frequently. When good turf cannot be had or will not stand the wear, a substitute must be found,, and sand or dirt courts are most often used. On well-drained land, one can sometimes cut away the top surface, level the ground and roll it until welK hardened and the court is ready for use, but more preparation is necessary to build a permanent court that will not be constantly losing its proper level. For such a court the earth should be cut away to a depth of one foot if no drains are required. After leveling it carefully with a spirit-level, to be sure that the grade is right, a layer of six inches of broken stone should first bo laid and pounded down hard. Ordinary trap rock used for macadamizing roads is per- haps the best for this purpose, but any broken stone ranging in sizes from a walnut to an egg will answer the purpose. This should be covered with a three-inch layer of coarse gravel or fine broken stone, which should be thoroughly poundec' and watered for several days before being covered, Before <,ay surface is srALi)iN(is A'nii.K'ric jjiiuakv. 137 put on the court, the greatest care should be taken to see that the foundation is perfectly level. Any holes or depressions that ap- pear from rolling and pounding should be filled in before it is covered. Every well built court should, be graded either from end to end or from side to side to an extent of not over two inches, which will suffice to drain off rain water If artificial drainage is neces- sary to keep the court dry, drain pipes can be laid in the founda- tions of the court about three feet outside the side and end lines, care being taken whereb}^ the pipes will tilt, following the grade of the court as far as possible, thus allowing the water to run off. The best drain pipes are six-inch stone sewer pipe, cut in halves, or stone gutters used on tiled roofs, which should be sunk in the ground immediately under the foundation of broken rock and filled with pebbles or fine cracked stone. The covering for a gravel or sand court should be not less than three nor more than six inches in thickness, and of sandy loam and clay mixed. The proportions depend on the quality of the clay. If it is very binding and sticky, one part of sand to four of clay are preferable, but for the average ingredients they should be mixed about eight parts of clay to one part of sand. When the court is finished, if it is found to be too soft but dry, miore clay should be added ; while if it drains poorly and stays muddy too long after rain, or its surface is too sticky for the player's feet, more sand should be added on the surface. When a court is finally covered, it should be thoroughly watered and rolled alternately twice every day for two weeks before it is played on at all, and any depressions or uneven spots corrected as fast as they appear from the settling. After the first heavy rain storm it should be gone over and releveled most carefully, for then it is most likely to develop new faults. The fine seashore sand will seldom be found satisfactory for the surface of a court, for it works loose too quickly under the players' feet, and can only be made to bind when mixed with a large proportion of clay, which will make the drainage more diffi- cult, as water percolates very slowly through clay. If the soil upon which a court is being built is very rich and worms promise 138 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. to work through to thq surface above and injure the court, it is well to lay a layer of fine cinders, those from a railroad engine preferred, between the foundation and the sandy surface layer. These cinders effectively prevent worms from coming through the surface. It is also well to use coarse sifted ashes mixed with the stones in the drain pipes. The construction of a grass court is less difficult, but varies miuch more in process. If cost need not be considered, it should be built by an expert, and will be laid on deep-laid foundations ; if it is desired to build an economical court on an available lawn which is fairly level, the cost will not be heavy. The sod should first be carefully removed in squares of about eighteen inches, from a space at least 50 by 100 feet, cutting down to a depth of about six inches. The ground should then be turned with a spade to a depth of eighteen inches or two feet, and after all stones have been removed, and the earth carefully raked over and leveled, it should be packed and rolled with a heavy roller. It ear-not have too much leveling and rolling, and the rolling should be kept up for several days with plenty of soaking by rain or hose-pipe. Any inequalities which the heavy pressure of the roller produces should be filled in or cut down before the sods are relaid. After the ground has been rolled sufficiently the sods should be replaced. In doing this it is important to get the edges close together, so that no seams or open cracks can be found. These sods should be relaid in the afternoon and well drenched with water. The next day the ground should be rolled again ; and this should be followed by alternate drenching and rolling for several days. Even when the ground finally appears firm and level, the court should not be played upon uiitil new blades of grass appear in considerable numbers. If depressions appear, the sod at that spot should be lifted, fresh earth inserted to the proper grade and the sod replaced, watered and rolled till level and flat again. Bad spots are often found where the grass is thin or where malignant weeds obstruct its growth, and in- this case fresh sods should be bought or cut elsewhere and substituted. Sometimes si'AT.DiNC's A'l'iir.K'rir i.inuAijv. 139 large patches of ground must be renewed in this way, but it will be found much less expensive if all the turf is bad to sow the new court down with lawn seeds, and seeds will often help out thin spots in the grass if the court is not to be used too soon after the sowing. It. is better to make a grass court in the fall whether it is to be sown with seed or sodded. The winter storms will then settle it thoroughly, and after a little releveling in the spring it will be ready for use.. Grass seeds should be sown between the middle of March and the first of Ma}^ or better yet, in the autumn, between the middle of August and the first of October. It takes about 20 pecks of good lawn seed to cover a space 60 by 120 feet. The sowing should be gone over twice, the second time at right angles to the first. Clover seeds should be avoided, as this grass does not wear well, and guano should not be used for fertilizing, for it tends to bring up coarse blades in patches. As soon as the young grass is high enough to be topped, a scythe or sickle should be used, being at first better than the mowing machine. After the new grass is well hardened, how- ever, the latter should be constantly in use, never less than once a week, and in moist warm weather nearly every day. With every precaution w-eeds are sure to appear, but these can generally be held in check by constant mowing. The more formidable weeds, however, must be cut with a knife one by one| about an inch be- low the surface, and care being taken to remove as much of the root as possible. A pinch of salt dropped on the cut root will generally stop the growth. When the turf becomes worn in spots a small shift in the lines of the court will relieve the pressure and enable the grass to grow again ; at the end of the season all of the bare patches should be resown. There are several other kinds of courts sometimes built when turf cannot be had. Cinders, clay, concrete, cement and asphalt are also sometimes used, while board courts are built under cover for winter use. Concrete and cement are open to many objections. They are very hard on the eyes and legs, and often make the player's feet sore; the surface generally wears out the balls and shoes 140 SI'ALI)IN^ ATIII.KTIC I.IT'.U ATt Y. quickly, and it is also liable to crack with frost. Cinder courts are cheap and easy to construct, but the surface is so gritty that it burns the feet of the players and soon uses up the balls. They are also very dirty. Asphalt courts are expensive and much affected by heat and cold, sometimes even cracking with the frost. In Australia courts have been made of cracked blue-stone, while a cheaper substitute has been found in England in what is called a brick rubble court. Once the court is finally built and ready for use, it must be properly marked out. In every case, unless it be of grass, and the lines are to be constantly shifted to prevent bare spots, net-posts should be permanently sunk in the ground. They should be not less than two feet under the ground nor forty feet apart. A good dirt court should be swept, watered, rolled and freshly marked out after every eight or ten sets of play, and oftener in very dry weather. Instantly a depression is discovered it should be filled in and rolled down before playing is continued, for it is almost as dangerous for the players as the court to con- tinue with it uneven. A court should never be rolled in the con- dition the players leave it after play. A pla3'er's heel raises a little lump; if the roller goes over this before it is swept down even again, a hard ridge results and the ball will bound unevenly from it. It should be swept over first, until all the lumps are leveled down, before the roller is allowed on its surface. One of the best sweepers is made of a heavy joist of wood with a dozen thicknesses of old jute bagging or coarse cloth frayed out at the bottom edges, fastened to its bottom- and trailing on behind it. This should be drawn over the court w^ith a handle or rope several times. If it is pushed, the grounds- man's feet will leave tracks after it ; if he goes ahead the sweeper will erase them. Before/ the lines are marked out fresh, the old ones should always be swept off with a broom, but if the broom is constantly used along the lines in a parallel direction, it will gradually wear away little grooves in the court where the lines are and the balls will bound improperly from them. The sweep- ing should be done lightly across the court, at right angles with the lines. SPALDING'S ATlIT.ETir LTBRAKY. 141 A grass court cannot have too much care. It is advisable to wet it thoroughly several times a week and roll it as often. It should be watered at night, cut in the niDrning, and rolled after cutting and before watering. The best wa\- to repair a bare strip of ground is to la}' fresh turf, and this should be done in the fall or as early as possible in the spring. Good tough turf, laid in February or early in March, will be fit for use by the first of June. In the early spring grass roots both in new turf and old may be greatly benefited by a good dressing of manure well worked in, but regular manuring should also be done in the fall. Worm casts are very bad for good tennis turf. Particularly in fertile ground or after a storm, the) little mounds will appear on the sod, and if the roller passes over them or they are trodden down little hard lumps are formed which spoil the surface of the court. The turf should always be swept before rolling, and in rich soil every morning. This scatters the mounds effectually. Where it is necessary to get rid of the worms, lime water should be sprinkled on the ground. They will then come to the surface and can be swept away. When a horse mowing machine is used it is well to have the horse's hoofs covered with soft pads to prevent their cutting into the turf and leaving prints that affect the bound of the ball. The groundsman at work on good lawn tennis courts, particularly when the tur^ is soft, and always on a sand court, should be re- quired to wear rubber-soled shoes without heels. BOARD COURTS. In regard to board courts, it is in the first place essential that they should be firm and yet springy and made as near the ground, if out of doors (which seems to be the popular method at the present time), as possible. The foundation of a wooden court should be of heavy beams, sufficiently so to prevent all bending or giving. The boards laid on the same should be not less than 11% inch in thickness in order to obtain the best results, and if a wooden playing surface is desired, the boards should be laid % inch apart, which will permit rapid drainage, and after having 142 gll'AI>IllN«;'S A'niJjri'lC l.ir.UAKY. been laid, same should be painted green with white marking lines. The best playing surface is secured by having a flap of heavy canvas made by a sailmaker, which will be of sufficient size to not only cover the court, but also extend at least lo feet out- side the boundaries of same. This canvas should be stretched by method of rope passing through eyelets, with pulleys at each corner of the court, by means of which the rope can be constant- ly kept tight. After the canvas .has been laid and properly stretched, it should be painted a grass green, upon which white marking lines i^ inch in width can be made. A canvas cover- ing such as this is of some considerable expense, but with proper care, that is, painting same sufficiently often during the winter season and storing same carefully during the hot months, it should last for some years. Wooden courts for inside play, that is, covered courts, should be laid whenever possible on wooden beams, so as to get some slight spring, and not on, iron or con- crete, which will render them so dead as to make it exceedingly hard for the players' feet. Sl'ALl>I.\t;S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 143 INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING OUT A BASE BALL DIAMOND Many who have the avaikihle space hesitate about laying out a base ball diamond because they imagine the equipment is expensive. Others think that the grounds are hard to keep in good condition. As a matter of fact, the equipment is compara- tivel}^ inexpensive and when the grounds are once put in condition at the beginning of the season the players themselves will do most whatever else is necessary to keep them in good shape. DLVCRAM OK A I'.ASE 15ALL DIAMOND. First— Select a level stretch of ground, as free from stones, hills and hollows as possible and at least 300 feet square. If the ground is well grassed over, so much the better. 144 SI'ALDIXCS ATHLETIC LIHHAKY. Second — With a steel tape measure lay out the base lines and place the home plate and pitcher's box as shown in the diagram. If it is possible to do so, have the home plate due north and the pitcher's box due south. Third — Remove the sod from the base lines between the home plate and first and third bases. Remiove the sod from around the pitcher's box. Fill in the base lines and pitcher's box with soil and level down solid. Fourth — Put up a backstop 90 feet behind home plate and 8 feet high and if you have plenty of time and timber it doesn't hurt to have a small grand stand with seats which need not have backs, nor be made of planed boards. Don't put the stand or stands too close, give the catcher at least 50 feet on either side to handle foul flies and wild throws. Build a players' bench. FiftJi — Get the equipment for the diamond and players from A. G. Spalding & liros. See Spalding Complete Catalogue and Special List of P>ase Hall Goods. A copy of "How to Play Base Ball" or a copy of the Spalding Official Base Ball Guide, giving all rules and much valuable information, sent postpaid to any address upon receipt of 10 cents. .si'ALDiNcrs ATiii>i;ric i.ibkauy. 145 INSTRUCTIONS FOR LAYING OUT A BASKET BALL COURT Basket Ball is a game that is becoming more popular each season, is being generally played all over the country and is fast becoming the popular American indoor athletic game just as Base Ball is for outdoors. This game is played mostly indoors. Any fair sized hall will do and the only preparation necessary for the game is to put up the goals at either end of the hall and to chalk out the court lines on the floor. This game may be played on wet days or on an off night when there is to be no dancing in the hall. Games can also be arranged between girls' teams. Only live players are necessary on each side. First — Be sure that there are no dangerous obstructions on the floor with which players might collide while playing. Second — Remove all chairs, settees, etc., from the space on the floor given up to the game and mark out the court as shown on diagram. Third — Give the referee entire charge of the floor and keep spectators back from lines of the court. Fourth — See that the players are dressed in a becoming manner. Fifth — Use Spalding equipment, which is correct in every par- ticular and will satisfy your guests. A copy of the Spalding Official Basket Ball Guide or of the Spalding Athletic Library, No. 193, "How to Play Basket Ball," sent to any address post- paid on receipt of 10 cents. These books should be in the hands of everyone interested in this game. 146 81'ALDINGS ATnL;::TIC LIBKAKY, HOW TO LAY OUT AN ATHLETIC TRACK ON A BASE BALL F ELD BY ]■'. W. KTBIEN. C. E., NEW YORK. ^^ 125' 10" ^- . Mea. 125' lO* 'l"o stake oiii a six-lap running track on a base ball field liaving a regulation diamond, proceed as follows — find the center of diamond, "A," by measuring a distance of 63 feet 7% inches on a line from home plate to second base. Prolong this line 62 feet 2% inches beyond second base to the point "B." The points "A" and "B" are the centers of the curves and are 125 feet 10 inches apart. Using these points as centers and with a radius of 98 feet 6 inches, describe semicircles with a steel tape and every few feet apart set stakes or small flags to mark the line of the curb of the track. This curb may be whitewasli^d in addition to setting flags upon it. From pointy on the line between first and third bases, stake out the tangents, 125 ft. 10 inches in length. Measurements on running tracks arc taken on a line I foot 6 inches outside of and concentric with the curb. SrALDIiNGS ATHLETIC LIBKAJtY. 147 SUGGESTED FORM OF CONSTITUTION FOR LOCAL PLAYGROUND ASSOCIATIONS CONSTITUTION OF THE PLAYGROUND ASSOCIATION. ARTICLE I. NAME. Section i. The name of this Association shall be the Playground Association. ARTICLE II. PURPOSE. Section i. The purpose of this Association shall 1)2 to pro- mote the playground movement in , to guide its develop- ment and extension along right lines, to secure the necessary publicity through the press, and to undertake and carry on new features of the work until such time as the city may be ready to take charge of them. ARTICLE in. MEMBERSHIP. Section i. There shall be five classes of membership in this association : First. — Associate Members: Associate members shall consist of such members as contribute annually $i.oo or more to the Association. Second. — Active Members: Active Members shall consist of such members as contribute annually $5.00 or more to the Asso- ciation. Third. — Sustai)iiiit:tv races at the 1908 Olympic Games, London, and in the most important distance races in this country since then. Spalding Cross Country, Jumping and Hurdling Shoes No. 14C No. I 4C. Crosscountry Shoe, tinest Xangaroo leather; low broad heel, lexible shank, hand sewed, six spikes on sole; with or without spiW" - v^^i Pornair S6 CO No. i 4H. .j'unii'iriK aiiu iiunliing Shoe; fine Kangaroo leather, hand- made, specially stiffened sole; spikes in heel placedaccordingtolatest ideas t/^ !t 2.50 1435 No. 4B SUIT feCons^%t^ng of Belall No 6E Shirt . $ .50 No 4 Running ^ ■«3=3 No. 114 Leather Run'g Shoes, sizes 1 to 6. rubber soles, no spikes, for indoor running ... No .^JB Sweater (any stock color) Price. If separate articles compos- ing outfit are purchased singly. No. SB SUIT ^- Consisting of No. 6E Shirt.. No. 4 Running Pants No. U4 Leather ._, ,_„ Run'g Shoes, jbber soles, no spikes; Indoor' 2.50 16.50 No. 1 Bathrobe i Price, if separate articles compos- - Ing outfit are purchased singly . $( SPALDING MEN'S AND YOUTHS* OUTDOOR RUNNING SUITS^ «' 1 ^^°'^ UU No. IIT Shoes. Price, if separate articles compos- ing outfit are purchased singhi MaD U!25 .75 4.00 ^.fv^^-^iv^jtiJgtA. ^ ^J-Ao. SPALDING MEN'S AND YOUTHS' INDOOR RUNNING SUITS No. ID SUIT Consisting of No. 6E Shirt. white No. 4 Running Pants No. K Shoe. . . Price, If separate articles compos- ing outfit are purchased singly. . ■^%\ No. 2D SUIT Consisting of Betail No. GE Shirt, white $ .50 No. 3 "Running Pants 75 No. 1 Shoes. .. 1.50 Price, if separate articles compos- ing outfit are purchased singly,. . $2.75 E?.-^* ^ % No. 3D SUIT ^^ Consisting of RdaQ BM No. 6E Shirt, ^^ B p , white $ .50 >^^ fflTiTA No- '* Running cJ=>nV\ Pa"t3 .50 LjU No 114 Shoes. 2.50 Price, if separate articles compos- — Ing outfit are purchased singly. . $3.50 prompt attention given to any communications addre;ssed to us A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOO! 'Piisu iri tfftcl fiily S, 191 0. Subject lo^changt icilhuul notice. For Canadian prica kc tpeciat Canadian Catalogue Ktute THE SPALDING TRADEMARK TuTilf SPECIAL As a special inducement to schoolboys who are interested in athletic sports, A. G. Spald- [ DDE DDE :nc ing & Bros, are now offering -ri i . ^ v i i *=* ° Ihese shirts are suitable SpaMiimg^s ^^^ ^^^^^^ ^^^ outdoor E^ J. track and field use, basket llemeintary ball and general gymna- sium wear, and are made the same style as th< ^^\£jaJl^lCllC ^JOlliriC ^^^^ j^y I^^j.^g athletes. Sizes: 26 to 30 inches, inclusive, chest measurement. No. 16. SPALDING'S ELEMENTARY SCHOOL Per set, 99.90 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDIIESSEO TO US A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IJM ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "Pncci if) cjjfcci July 5, 1910 Subject to change without notice For Canadian prices xe special Canadian Catalogue. sSbKe THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK ^rZf ATHLETIC TIGHTS SHIRTS, STOCK COLORS AND SIZES. Worsted Goods. Best Quality. Black. Naiy BliK and Maroon, in Slock sues blurts. j6 to 44 in chest TikIhs. jS to 4-' i" "aisl. Otlicr c..l..r> ;ui.l >i.ts ni.nlc to order at special prices Estiinates on application. Our No. 600 Line Worsted Goods. Fiiinisl-.c.J m r.r:iy and White, Navy "^due. Maroon and Black only. Slock si?es Shirts. 26 to 44 in chest Tights. 28 to 42 in waist San!«ary Cotton Goods. Colors. Uc AND arry lolloa TRUNKS Bleached VVh Nav / Black Maroon and Gray Slock sues 261044 m. chest. Tights 26 to 42 in waist. Spalding Sleeveless Shirts No. lE. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and sizes. Each. S3.00 No eOO.Cut worsted, stock colors and sizes. Each, S I .25 * $12.60 Doz. No. 6E. Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes. .50-^ I,.75 " Spalding Striped Sleeveless Shirts No. 6OOS. Cut Worsted, with 6-inch stripe around che.st. in followinjr com- binations of colors; Navy with White stripe; Black with Orangestripe; Maroon with White stripe; Red with Black stripe; Royal Blue with White stripe; Black i with Red stripe; Gray with Cardinal stripe.. Each. 9 i .50 if $15.00 Doz. I No. 6ES. Sanitary Cotton, solid color body, with 6-inch stripe around chest, j in same combinations of colors as No. 600S. Each, 7 5c. * $7.50 Doz. Spalding Shirts with Sash Sanitary Cotton, sleeveless, solid color bodv with sash of differ- Same combinations of colors as No. 600S Each, 75c.* $?.50Doz. _„.---^^'':^,' Spalding Quarter Sleeve Shirts ^ \^ Best Worsted. full fashioned, stock colorsand sizes. Each, $3.0o}^ Cut Worsted, stock colors and sizes Each, S I .50 * $1.5.00 L\ z. ^^■■, Sanitary Cotton, stock colors and sizes., .50* i.?5 " '| Spalding Full Sleeve Shirts - No. 3D. Cotton. Flesh. While. Black., Each, S I .OO * $10.00 Doz. No 6ED. ent color. No. IF. No. 60 I . No. 6F. Spalding Knee Tights No. IB. Best Worsted, full fashioned, stock colors and i sizes. , Pair. $3 OO f; No. 604. Cut Worsted, stock [ Jlcolors and sizes. |: Pair, S 1 .25 * $12.60 Doz. I No. 4B. Sanitary Cotton, stock fcolors and sizes. . j I Pair. 50c. ir $i.75 Doz. \ I Spalding FuU Length Tights ; No. I A. Best Worsted, full \ h:.:i,,:4 fashioned, stock colors and i liiMii sizes. Pair. $4.00 No. IB No. 605. Cut Worsted, stock*- colorsand sizes. Pair. $2.00 * $21.60 Doz. No. 3A. Cotton_^ full quality. White. Black. / (•"EgGTanThmiTirimaa, Flesh. No. 1 Pair. S 1 .00 * $10.00 Doz. Spalding Worsted Trunks No. I . Best Worsted, Black, Maroon and Navy. Pair, $2.00 No. 2. Cut Worsted, N^vy and black. Special colors to order Pair. $ I .OO Spalding Running Pants No. I . White or Black .<;it<'en. flv front, lace back I'm-. S 1 .25 ii: $12.00 Doz. X ), 2. White or Black S itcen. flv front, lace back. I'air, $1 .00 if $10.00 Doz: N.I. 3. Whiteor Black Silesia, fly front, lace back./ Pair. 75c. * $7. SO Doz. No. 4. White, Black or Gray Silesia, fly front, lace back. i ^ Pair, 50c. * iS.CO Doz. ■ Silk Ribbon Stnpes down sides of any of these runninjj pants. Per pair, extra. 25c. * $. \ Silk Ribbon Stripe around waist on any A running pants. Pair, e.xtra. 25c. * < Spalding Velvet Trunks No. 3, Fine Velvet. Colors: Black. Navy, Royal Blue, Maroon. Special col ors to order. Pair.S I .OO ir $10.00 Doi. No. 4. Sateen. Black. White. - Pair. 50c. if $5.00 Doz. 2.1,0 Doz. ■ of these 2.J,ODoz. SPALDING JUVENILE SHIRTS, TIGHTS AND PANTS No. 6 5. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600. Each, $ I .OO N0.65S. Sleeveless Shirt, quality of No. 600S. " 1 .25 N0.66. Quarter Sleeve Shirt, quality of No, 601. '" 1.25 No.64. Knee Tights, quality of No. 604. .. ^ " 1.15 N0.44. Running Pants, quality of No. 4. . Pair, .45 ONLY S ZE S SUPPL EC Chest. 26 to 30 inches. Inc us ve- Waist, 24 to 26 inches. incius ve. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with * will be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with ir PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER Of THIS BOO! 'Prices in tffccJ futy 5. 1910. Subject to change wtlfxMl 1 For Canadi an prioa tee tfiedal Canadian Colalogu& St!!?eTHE SCALDING -QUALITY f^ THE SPALDING STRIKING BAGS -^ THE BlJlDDERS USED IN AIX, OUR STRIKING BAGS (EXCEPT Nos. » AND 14) ARE MADE OF PURE PARA RUBBER (NOT COMPOUNDED) AND ARE FUIXY GUARANTEED Our single end bags are made with rope attachment carefully centered, making them the most certain in action of any. Laces on side at top, so that the bladder may be inflated without inter- fering with rope. Each bag is most carefully inspected and then packed complete in box with bladder, lace and rope. No. G. This is a heavy durable Gymnasium Bag, suitable for all around exercise work and the strongest bag made. The cover is of heavy English grain leather, same as used in our best grade foot balls and basket balls and made in the same way. It will outlast two or three bags of any other make. With loop top Each, S8.00 No. 19, Made of highest quality Patna kid, the lightest and strongest of leather. Sewed with linen thread, double stitched and red welted seams. Especially suited for exhibition work, and a very fast bag, Each, $8.00 No. I 9S. Same material as No. 19, but furnished with special light bladder and weighs only 73s ounces complete. The fastest bag made, but very strong and durable Each, $8.00 No. 20. Made of finest selected calfskin, double stitched, red welted seams and reinforced throughout. Very fast and a durable bag for all around use Each, $7.00 No. 18. The "Fitzsimmons Special." Made of finest selected olive Napa tanned leather, extra well made; double stitched, red welted seams and rein- forced throughout. For training purposes particularly this bag will be found extremely satisfactory in every respect. . . . " Each, S6.00 No. I 8S. Same as No. 18, but smaller in size and lighter. Intended for very speedy work Each, $6.00 No. 12. Olive tanned leather, specially selected; double stitcl^ed, red welted seams and reinforced throughout. Excellent for quick work Each, S6.00 No. I O. Specially tanned brown glove leather; double stitcned, red welted seams and reinforced throughout. Very well made. Each, S4.00 No. I 7. Made of fine craven tanned leather, well finished; double stitched, red welted seams and reinforced throughout. A good bag. Each, $3.50 No. I 6. Extra fine grain leather, full size and lined throughout and welted seams Each, S3.00 No. I 5. Made of olive tanned leather, full size and lined throughout; red welted seams Each, $2.00 No. 14. Good quality colored sheepskin; lined throughout. Complete with unguaranteed bladder. . . . . • Each, 8I.60 « Spalding Striking Bag Swivels % No. 4 NO. » No. 12 No. 6 No. 4. A special swivel, made according to suggestions of experienced bag punchers, with features that overcome disadvantages of ordinary style. Rope can be changed instantly without interfering with any other part of swivel Each, SI.50 No. 9. With removable socket for quickly suspending or removing bag without readjusting. .50 No. 6. Japanned iron stem for use with platform or disk. .... Each, .36 No. I 2. Ball and socket action. Fastens permanently to disk ; nickel-plated. " ' .25 -\Lr -Mr PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO JNY COMMUNICATIONS ^ ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH 'Prita (n effect July 5, 1910. Subject to changt wllhoul nod'cc Foi Canadian price) tct tpedal Canadian Cotaltgm, SUB TUTE THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK^rLTif The*- Spalding Double End Bags We are making all our double end bags with one-piece top and substantial leather loop. Really the strongest con- struction vve know oi. The bottom loop is also very strongly made. Each bag complete in box, with bladder, lace, rubber cord lor iloor, and rope lor ceiling attachment. No. 7. Made of finest selected olive Napa I No. 4. Regulation size, fine grain leather tanned leather and workmanship of same i cover and wrell made throughout, double quality as in our " Fitzsimmons " Special h stitched. . Each, S3. 50 Bag No. 18. Double stitched, red welted ^^^ No. 3. Regulation size, substantial brown seams. An extremely durable and hvely ^^^i\ father cover, reinforced and doub'. bag. . . Each, $6.00 /SMMi^ \ '^ ^-x u j t^ u «.» ^ ^ No. 6. Fine olive tanned leather cover, M^^ I B ^^'^"^^^ ^^^'^^' ■ Each. S3.00 double stitched, red welted seams. Extra K^^ \ M ^^- ^''^- Regulation size, good quality dark well made throughout. Each, S5.50 »ffil^^^'k^ ^'^^® tanned leather, lined throughout. No. B. Regulation size, specially tanned yS^^^m^^ red welted seams. Each. $2.60 brown glove leather cover, red welted ^^^^^^^^ No. 2. Medium size, good colored sheep- seams, double stitched and substantially ^^^^ skin, lined throughout. Unguaranteed made throughout. Each, S5.00 JT bladder. . .• Each, « 1.50 No. 4%. Regulation size, fine craven A tanned leather and red welted seams. j Bladder furnished vnth No. 2 Bag is oj Well finished throughout. Each, S4.00 ■ comvounded rubber and is not guaranteed, SPALDING BLADDERS • The Bladders used in allour Striking Bags (except Nos. 2 and U) are made of pure Para rubber {not compounded) and are fully guaranteed. Note special explavjition of guarantee on tag attached to each bladder. It is. well to specify when ordering extra bladders whether they are required for single or double end bags, as we can furnish the two styles in each grade. No. B. With top stem, for Nos. 2, 2% and 3. . Each, 90c. NOTE— We do not sell separately the unguaranteed compounded bladders sup- plied tvith the Nos. 2 and U Bags. The No. B bladder will fit the No. 2 Bag. No. BS will fit the No. U Bag. No. BS. With side stem, for Nos. 14 and 15. " Each, 90c. No. 5. With top stem, for Nos. 4, 4%. 5 and 6. Each. S I .ao No. 5S. With side stem, for Nos. 10, 12, 16 and 17. . Each, $1,261 No. 7S. With side stem, for Nos. 18. 18S, 19, 19S and 20. Each. $ 1 .40 No. 7. With top stem, for No. 7. " 1.25 No. OM. Top stem for No. G. 2.00 No. OS. With top stem, heavy 'bladder, best quality. . Each, $1.5 O No. D. Elastic floor attachment for all double end bags, best quality cord. Each, 30c. No. E. Elastic cord for double end bags. 2 O c . Spalding Brass Inflaters No. 2. Club size, cylinder lO-'g inches. No. 3. Pocket size, cylinder 5% inches. Each, 50c. " 25c. -ffi ^ Spalding Striking Bag Mitts Will protect the hands and recommended lor use with all Striking Bags. No. I . Made of olive Napa leather and extra well padded; ventilated palm and special elastic wrist in glove. . Pair. $2.50 No. 2. Made of soft tanned leather, properly shaped and padded, substantially put together. . . . Pair, $1. SO No. 3. Made of soft tanned leather, paaded and well made; also made in ladies' size. .... Pair, 75c. No. 4. Knuckle mitt, well padded. , . . " 60c. No. 5. Knuckle mitt, well padded. . . . "25c. PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING «£ BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES ]R COMPLETE LIST OF stores: SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "Prita in tfftct July 5, 1910. Subject lo change viUhaul notice. For Canadian pnca fee tpetial Canadian Calolagut. sSbSe THE SPALDING TRADEMARK ^Sr QUALITY The Spalding CHAMPIONSHIP Gloves (Jsed and Endorsed by Champions ol the World A. a SPALDING & BROS.. San Francisco, Cal. Gentlemen : Please have your repruentative call at our training quarters at the earliest possible moment, to lalfe measurements for the boxing gloves to be used in m\) fight with Jeffries, on July 4th. I Kant your Championship glove, which is the glove I have used in all m\f fights. Yours trul\/, I TheSpalding"Cham- 1 pionship" Gloves are * endorsed by all cham- 2 pions and neve been I exclusively uced for * years in champion- {ship contests and in training. The mate- i* rial and workman- ship are of the hi?h- ; est quality, the C.t ifl I perfect, and by thou" peculiar construction 1* absolutely prevent any chance of injury to the hands or wrists. Each set is carefully inspected before packing and guaranteed in every particular. Made in three sizes in sets of four gloves. No. I I 5. The Spald- ing 5-oz. "Cham- pionship" Glove. Per set of four gloves, $6.00 No. I I 6. The Spald- ing 6-oz. "Cham- pionship" Glove. Per set of four gloves, $6.00 No. I I 8. The Spald- ing 8-oz. "Cham- pionship" Glove. Per set of four gloves, $6.60 Spalding "Special" No. 218 No. 2 I 8. Same style as our "Championship" 8-oz. Gloves, but not same quality material and work- manship. Per set of four gloves,. 96. OO BITHNS ▼■. JOHNSON SPALDDK ClOVIS USED — . CoDTrt«b«. rrom N V Aui^rif Spalding "Navy Special" Championship Gloves Used by the Champions of the Navy These gloves are made of a special "sea green " leather, of particularly durable quality. Furnished in 8-oz. only, similar in' style to No. 118, and with padded wrist, No. I 8N. Per set of four gloves, $6.50 BOXING IN THE NAVT CovyrUbt. laoi. br o w r>vo»u.iTubiar>«ii PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDHESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STARES SEE INSIOE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOl 'Pricti [n effect full/ 5, 1910 Subiecl to change xiilhoul mtUce. For Canadian prices see special Canadian Calatogu SSe THE SPALDING SPALDING BOXING GLOVES The Spalding Instructors* Gloves, 10-oz. Made of best grade brown glove leather, extra heavily padded over the knuckles and with special large padded thumb to prevent injury to either instructor or pupil. Laces extra far to proyide ample ventilation and has patent palm grip. No. I CO. Per set of four gloves, $6. CO The Spalding 5-oz. Boxing Gloves None Better at Any Price Made of special quality light tan colored glove leather, very soft and smooth. Plain laced wrist-band, patent palm lacing and patent palm grip. An ideal glove for limited round contests. No. I 05. Per set of four gloves, S7.00 ^^^ ,q5 Spalding Pupil's Boxing Gloves ^ Made after the suggestion of one of the most prominent athletic officials in this country. A boxing glove that is really an aid to the pupil learning to box. This glove is additionally padded on the forearm and over the wrist, to prevent that soreness which is one of the most dis- couraging features following a brisk lesson in the art of "blocking." The glove part is well padded with curled hair, the leather being best quality soft tanned. No. lie. Per set of four gloves, S6.50 Paddint on WrW and roream ■ No. I 1 . Corbett pattern, large 7-oz. glove, best quahty brown glove leather, padded with best curled hair, patent palm lacing, padded wrist- band, patent palm grip. Substantially made throughout for hard usage. Set of four gloves, S6.00 No. 9. Regulation 5-oz. glove, other- wise same as No. 11 Glove. Set of four gloves, 86. GO No. 1 4. Regulation 5-oz. glove, dark wine color, padded wristband, patent palm lacing; palm grip. Much improved, g^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^j^^^^^ $4.00 No. I 6. Corbett pattern, olive tan- ned leather, well padded with hair, paddM wristband, patent palm lacing, patent palm grip. Set of four gloves, S4.00 No. I 7. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, well padded with hair, patent palm lacing, patent palm grip, pad^ied wristband. Set of four gloves, S4.O0 No. 19. Corbett pattern, craven tan leather, well padded with hair, patent palm grip and nt palm lacing. Set of four gloves. 83. 60 No. 2 I . Corbett pattern. darK wine color leather. Well padded with hair and patent palm lacing. Set of four gloves, 83. CO No. 23. Corbett pattern, fine quality brown tanned leather. A verj well made glove. Hair padded an'* latent palm lacing. Set of four gloves, *2,00 No. 24. Regular pattern, craven tan leather, hair padded, elastic wristband. Corbett Pattern. Set of four gloveS, 81.75 Spalding Youths' Boxing Gloves -ah styles. Padded ivith Hair Youths' Boxing Cloves art made in exacUy Oie same manner and ol the same malerial as Uie tali siie gloves ol oor ^ wairanled 10 give satislaclion. No. 45. Youths' Championship Glove, Corbett pattern, best quality brown glove leather, extra well finished; double stitched, patent palm lacing, patent palm grip. . . Set of four gloves. »3-o" No. 40. Youths' size. Corbett pattern, soft craven I No. 26. Youths' size, regular pattern, sott wn- tan leather, well padded, patent palm lacing. ned leather, patent palm lacmg. « , rto Set of four gloves, 82. BO | Set of four gloves, ^J -BO Caeh S«t of Spalding Boxing Gloves ConaleU of Four Qlo»ee. Mf d In Two Poiro NTIQNGIVENTOl NICAI1|0NS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES ETE LIST OF STORES SIDE FRONT COYEB OF THIS BOOK 'Prku h tffccJ JuluS, I9W. Sukjttl l» changtviUhoiil noUm. For Canadian pritm mt tfcial QatadUm OUaiagu*. KtKUHE SPALDING The Spalding Disk Platform Home Apparatus "Many forms of exercise are indulged in by folk de- sirous of improving their physical condition, but none of them is more at- tractive and at the same time more beneficial than bag punching. Arms, shoulders, hands, wrist, the neck and legs are brought into play individ- ually and in combination in bag punching. Aside from the development in these parts of the body, the shoulders are made square and upright, the chest is broadened, the eye quickened and the brain stimulated. The direct result is a new being for the bag puncher." — Ex- tract from Spalding's A th- letic Library, No. 191, ^ "Bag Punching." Bag is NOT Included with this Can be put up Patented Apm 19, ie04 in a very small space and taken down quickly when not in use by simply de- taching the pipe fixture from the wail plate. The metal disk against which the bag strikes constitutes one of the best features ever incorporated in an arrangement of this character, rendering it almost noiseless and very quick in action. This disk also combines aji adjust- able feature that is simplfe to oper- ate and makes it possible for various members of the family to use the same disk. The Spalding Adjustable Disk Plat- form, without bag. No. PR.. Each. $6.00 Platlonn The Spalding Patent Solid Striking Bag Disks Without B«g Wall bi^ceH style. Bag is NOT Included With Either of These Disks A striking bag difek must be substantial if it is to be of use, and in the two styles, both adjustable and braced,- which we list, this feature has not been neglected, while we have striven to put out a disk which is suitable for home use and moderate in price. Complete, "jl ff No. CR. Each, 86.00 Patent adjustable style Coiri- plete, >^thout Bag. Each, $7.60 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS AODRESSEOTOUS A. S. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 'Piku in i^ecl July 5, 1910. Sulgal to chur^c lut Canadian piia-i sci- ipcaal Canadian Catalogue Sp THE SPALDING QUALITY o SPALDING COAT JERSEYS C:^ Following sizes carried in slocl( regularly in all qualities : 28 to 44 inch chest. Other sizes at an advanced price. We alloiv two inches for stretch in all our Jerseys, and sizes are marked accordingly. It issuggcsted, however, that for very heavy men a size about ttvo inches larg er th an coat measurement be ordered to insure a comfortable The Spalding Coat Jerseys are made of the same worsted yarn from which we manu- facture our better grade Jerseys, Nos. lOP and 12P, and no pains have been spared to turn them out in a well made and attract- ive manner. Plain solid colors (not striped) ; or one solid color body and sleeves, with different color solid trim- ming (not striped) on cuffs, collar and f ront edging. Pearl buttons. STOCK COLORS : Solid Gray, Gray trimmed Mavy, Gray trimmed Cardinal, Gray trim- med Dark Green. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. Nos. IOC and 12C No. IOC. SamegradeasNo.lOP. INo. I2C. SamegradeasNo i2P. INo. 1 OCP. Pockets, otherwise same •Each. $3. SO • $36.00 Doz. I Each. $3.00 * $30.00 Doz. lasNo.lOC. Ea..9^.00ir$i2.00Doz. SPECIAL ORDERS In addition to stock colors mentioned we also supply any ol the jerseys listed on this page, without extra charge, on special orders only— not carried in stock-in any ol the lollowing colors: Gray Black Maroon Cardinal Royal Blue " Peacock Blue Olive Green Pink Yellow Old Gold Orange While Scarlet Navy Columbia Blue Dark Green Irish Green Purple Seal Broun Drab PLAIN COLORS-The above colors are supplied in our worsted jerseys (NOT Nos I2XB, 6*r 6X) at regular prices. Other colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. 12XB, 6 or 6X) 25c. each extra. STRIPES AND TRIMMINGS— Supplied as specified in any ol the above colors (not more than two colors in any garment) at regular prices. Other colors to order only in any quality (EXCEPT Nos. I2VB. 6 or 6X) 2Sc. each extra. SPALDING STRIPED AND V NECK JERSEYS No. I OPW. Good quality worsted, same grade as No. lOP. Solid color body and sleeves, with 6-inch stripe around bodv. •Each, S3.25 :^ $33.00 Doz. Slock Colors: Black and Orange, \avy and While, Black and Red, Gray and Cardinal, Royal Blue and While, Columbia Blue anil While, Scarlet and White, Navy and Cardinal, Maroon and While. Second color mentioned is lor body stripe. See list above ol colors supplied on special orders. Nos. 10PW and 12PW No. I2PW. Worsted; solid stock color body and sleeves with 6-inch stock color stripe around body. Colors same as No. lOPW. Each, $2.75 -^ $30.00 Doz. No. I OPX. Good quality worsted, fashioned ; solid stock color body, with stock color striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes of any other stock color. Colors same as No. lOPW. Each, S3. 25 • $33.00 Uoz. nos. iopx and i2PX ' * PRICES SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE No. 12PV No. 1 2PV. Worsted, solid stock colors, with V-neck instead of full collar as on regular jerseys. Stock colors: Navy Blue, Black, Maroon and Gray. See list above of colors supplied on special orders. Each. S2.75 • $30.00 Doz. No. 12PX. Worsted, solid color body, with striped sleeves, usually alternating two inches of same color as body, with narrow stripes of some other color. Colors same as No. lOPW. Each. $2.75 -A- $30.00 Dojc. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir ivill be quoted only on orders for one-half dozen or more. Quantity pricey NOT allowed on items NOT marked with -k PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SE£ INSIDE FRONT COVER Of THIS BOOK "Pricti in tfftcl July 5, I9t0. Suhjed to ohange uiilhoul notice. Fat Canadian prica sec special Canadian Catalogue, T?E THE SPALDING QUALITY Spalding Jacket Sweaters sixes J8 to 44 inches chest measnrement. We lilow (oor inches for stretch in all onr sweaters, and sizes are marked accordingly. II is suggested, however, that lor very heavy nen a size aboal two inches larger than coat measurement be ordered to iosore • comlortable lit \ ■i. ..„ I .i^ No VG Showing «ng and cuffs su jacket sweaters opiied at no trimmed edg- if desired, on extra ctiarne. BUTTON FRONT No VG. Best quality worsted, heavy u eight.pearl buttons. Carried in stock in Gray and White only. See list below (if colors supplied on special orders. Each, S6.00 ir $66.00 Doz. \i) DJ, Fine worsted, standard! ight, pearl buttons, fine knitedginjj. t iiried in stock in Gray and White nlv. See list below of colors supplied on special orders. Each, $5.00 • $5i.00 Doz. WITH POCKETS No VGP. Best quality worsted, heavy weight, pearl buttons. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list below of colors supplied on special oiders. With pocket on either side and popular style for Rolf players. No. VGP particularly convenient atid Each, $6.50 * $69.00 Doz. Cppi~'IAI ADHL^UC In addition to stock colors mentioned, we also supply any ol the sweaters listed on this page(eiicept Nos.3J,CDW OrijvlnL VlVUljIVij and 3JBj, without extra charge, on special orders only, not carried in slock, in any ol the lollowing colors: WHITE CARDINAL PINK COLUMBIA BLUE OLIVE GREEN YELLOW OLD GOLD ORJ^NCE MAROON NAVY BLUE PEACOCK BLUE IRISH GREEN SEAL BROWN , 9I-ACK SCARLET ROYAL BLUE DARK GREEN PURPLE DRAB Other colors to order only in any quality 50c each extra. ^ SPECIAL NOTICE— We will furnisti any of tlie solid color sweaters listed on this oage with one color body and another color (not striped) collar and cuffs in any of the above colors on special order, at no extra charge. This does not^pply to the Nos. 3J or 3JB Sweaters. IPALDING SPECIAL JACKET SWEATERS No. CDW. Good Quality worsted, ribbed knit. Carried in stock in Gray only. Supplied on special orders in Navy Blue or White only. Trimmed edging and cuffs in colors as noted above on special orders only. Each, $5.00 * $51t.00 Doz. No. 3J. Standard Weight, Shaker knit, pearl buttons. Carried in stock and supplied only in Plain Gray. l!ach, $3.50 * $39.00 Doz. Spalding Vest Collar Sweater No. 3JB. Boys' jacket sweater, w^ith pearl buttons; furnished only in sizes from 30 to 36 inches chest measurement. Carried in stock and supplied only in Plain Gray. Each, S3.00 * $33.00 Doz. No. BG. Best quality worsted, good weight; with extreme open or low neck. Carried in stock in Gray or White only. See list above of colors supplied on special orders. Each, S6.60 * $60.00 Doz. The prices printed in italics opposite items marked with ir will be qiwted only on orders for one-haif dozen or more. Quantity prices NOT allowed on items NOT marked with * PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUftiCATIONS AODRESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "Piict) In tfecl July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian prica tee ipecJal Canadian Catalogue. sbSTHE SPALDING TRADE-MARK ^K?v^^ QUALITY Spalding Exercising Equipment for Home Use The apparatus listed in this catalogue is designed particularly for private use; i. e., in homes and private gymnasiums. It retains the same superior marks of quality w^hich distinguish the regular line of gymnasium apparatus manufactured by A. G. Spalding & Bros., and w^hich we supply on contract equipment from our Gymnasium Contract Department at Chicopee, Mass. ; but its distinctive design permits it to be sold at a price more in keeping with its use than heretofore obtainable, without any sacrifice of practical value or durability. We give below suggestions for moderate priced outfits made up of various apparatus and exercising implements listed in this catalogue. We issue special catalogues showing apparatus which we supply on contract equipment, and copies will be sent to interested parties on application to A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc., Chicopee, Mass., Gymnasium Contract Department. No. A. No. A Outfit Boys* Hom e Exercising Outfit Consisting of 1 No. IH Elastic Home Exerciser. 1 No. SPG Medicine Ball, canvas cover, 1 No. A Doorway Horizontal Bar. 1 set No. 25 Boxing Gloves, youths' 1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1 lb, 1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 2 lbs. 1 No. PR Disk Platform, iron. . 1 No. 15 Striking Bag, leather. 1 No. 1 Home Gymnasium. 2 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells Suitable for room 12 feet x 16 feet and ovey. From one to ten boy* may use at same time. and Indian Clubs. No. Be Adult or Boys' Home Exercising Outfit No. B Oatflt Suitable for room 18 feet x 20 feet and ever. From one to twelve may use at same tlm»> Consisting of 1 No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lb., leather cover 1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1 lb. 1 pair No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, 1% lb 1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 1?^ lb. , 1 pair No. BS Indian Clubs, 2 lbs. , 2 No. S Bar Bells 4 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells and Indian Clubs. . 1 No. 5 Chest Weight Machine. . 1 No. 2 Rowing Attachment. 1 No. 20H Bar Stall. . 1 No. 205 Bar Stall Bench. 1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. 1 No. FR Striking Bag Disk. . 1 No. 10 Striking Bag. n.oo 4.00 4.00 I.60 .35 .65 6.00 2.00 6.00 .32 Total. 824.72 86.00 .36 .46 .45 .66 1.00 .64 I 6.00 8.00 8.00 4.00 2.00 6.00 4.00 Total. 866.44 PROMPT mENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNIGATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH J "Prices In effect July 5, 1910. Subjul (o change mlhoul notice. For Canadiarx pri^^s tee special Canadian Catalogue. sSte THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK "^rLrTf Mpalding Exercising tquipment for KecreaUon ttooms Exercising apparatus, suitable for home use, and not altogether by the boys and girls of the nousehold, but also by the grown-ups; as a matter of fact, the ones who usually require exercise of a rational kind much more than the younger generation, who have the time and inclination for outdoor exercise not possessed by many of their elders— that is what we will attempt to show in this section of our catalogue. Using Spalding Home Exercising Apparatus, Chest Weights, etc., properly, and in connection with the instructions given in our various Athletic Libraries there is no reason why any man cannot practically renew his youthful vigor by regular exercise. Many banking, mercantile and manufacturing establishments maintain athletic clubs of their employees an(f have installed Spalding Outfits of Gymnasium Apparatus in their club and recreation rooms for their use. The suggested combinations shown on these pages, illustrate only a few of the sets of exercising apparatus which may be made up from the goods listed in this catalogue. No Consisting of 3 pairs No. AW Dumb Bells, wood, l^j lb. 3 pairs No. BS Indian Clubs. 3 lb. 6 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells and Indian Clubs 1 No. 12 Chest Weight Machine. 1 No. 119 Laflin Rowing Machine 1 Abdominal Masseur. 1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. . 1 pairNo.l Swinging Rings.S-ft. ropes 1 No. 1 Trapeze, 5 ft. ropes. 1 No. 01 Mattress. 4 f t. x 6 ft. . 1 set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett ' pattern 1 No. FR Striking Bag Disk. . 1 No. 10 Striking Bag. leather. . . . Total. C Exercising Outfit $73.76 ^ , , No. D Exercising Outfit Consisting of ^ I No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lbs., leather cover. . .... 3 pairs No. BS Indian Clubs. 3 lbs. . 3 pajrs No. AW Dumb Bells. \h lbs. . 6 pairs No. 1 Hangers for Dumb Bells and Indian Clubs 1 No. 12 Chest Weight Machine. 1 No. 119 Laflin Rowi«g Machine. 1 Abdominal Masseur. 1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. . 1 pair No. 1 Swinging Rings, 5 ft. rope. 1 No. 1 Trapeze. 5-ft. ropes. 1 No. 01 Mattress, 4 f t. x 6 ft. . 1 set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett pattern 1 set No. 21 Boxing Gloves, Corbet pattern. . . 1 No. CR Striking Bag Disk, adjustable 1 No. 18 Striking Bag. 1 No. 20H Bar Stall . 1 No. 205 Bar Stall Bench. ^________ Total. S99.2g 3.00 7.50 6.00 8.00 4.00 Suitable for room 20 feet x 26 feet and over. From one to twenty may use at one time. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES POe COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "PrAoet i/> ^td fuiii S. 1910. Suhjed to chonge uxUtoul no/ka. Fot CanoJian priea mt tpeetal Canadian Calahgu^ s t[!?e THE SPALDING Spalding Exercising Equipmentfor Small Athletic Clubs What are to-day the largest, most prominent and most influential athletic clubs and associations in this country started from small groups of young men banded together originally as base ball, rowing or swimming clubs, and who, with the idea of retaining their organization during the entire year, commenced in a small way and in modest quarters to build up a regular athletic organization covering a number of athletic sports. With the idea of interesting small athletic clubs, we show on this page two medium-priced outfits of gymnasium apparatus suitable for small club rooms. We do not recommend these outfits to clubs with a large membership, or to those who are in shape to have a regular gymnasium in a com- plete club house. For such organizations, also for schools, colleges and other institutions, we maintain a special contract department, with staff of experts who will gladly give full information regarding the complete line of Spalding Gymnasium Equipment for regular Indoor or Outdoor Playground use. We issue special catalogues showing apparatus that we supply on contract equipment, and copies will be sent to interested parties on application to A. G. Spalding & Bros., Inc., Chicopee, Mass., Gymnasium Contract Department. No. E Exercising Outfit No. E Outfit Suitable tor Room 22 feet x 25 feet. From one to twenty-two may use at same time. Coiisisting of Prict 1 No. 12 Medicine Ball, 6 lbs. S6.00 1 No. 13 Medicine Ball, 9 lbs. 7.00 3 Pairs No. AW Dumb Bells, 2 lbs. 1.66 3 Pairs No. BS Indian Clubs, 3 lbs. 1.95 6 Pairs No. 1 Hangers. .96 1 No 600 Rowing Machine. . 30.00 1 Abdominal Masseur. lO.OO 1 No. 101 Doorway Horizontal Bar. 2.00 1 Pr. No. 1 Swing. Rings, 5-f t. Rope. 3.50 1 No. 1 Trapeze 3.00 1 No. 01 Mattress, 4 ft. x6 ft. I2.00 1 Set No. 15 Boxing Gloves, Corbett. -4.00 1 Set No 21 Boxing Gloves, Corbett. 3 OO 1 No. 1 Moline Striking Bag Disk. I2.00 1 No. 18 Fitzsimmons Striking Bag 6.00 1 No. 101 Parallel Bar. 35. OO 1 No. 00 Mattress, 3 ft. X 5 ft .8.00 1 Pair No. 6 Sandow Dumb Bella. 3.00 Total, 8149.06 No. F Exercising Outfit No. F Outfit >uitable for Room 25 feet x 40 feet, and over. From one to fifteen may use at same time. Consisting of 3 Pairs No. A Dumb Bells. I%lb9. 3 Pairs No. B Indian Clubs. 2 IbS. 6 Pairs No. 1 Hangers. 1 No. 600 Rowing Machine. 1 No. 74 Horizontal and Vaulting Bai 1 No. 101 Parallel Bar. 1 Pair No. 1 Swinging Rings. 1 No. 1 Trapeze 2 No. 01 Mattresses, 4 feet x 6 feet 1 No. 1 Vaulting Horse. 1 No. 3PG Medicine Ball. . 1 No. IH Elastic Home Exerciser. SI .65 2. to 96 30.00 36. OO 36. OO 3.60 3.00 24. OO 60.00 4.00 I.OO Total, 8200.2 1 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANr COMMUNICATIONS AOOBESSEOTOUS A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "Prices in iffcci July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. Foi Qmadian pricet tee ipeaal Canadian dialogue. «=^=s=5) Basket Ball for Women -(5=^^^^ SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASKET BALL GUIDE FOR WOMEN FOR 1911 Edited by MISS SENDA BERENSON. of Smith College HE OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF THE GAME. Contains the newly revised rules for women's basket ball with explanatory questions and answers; ' 'Athletics for Women/' by the editor; "Danger of Unsupervised Basket Ball/' by Elizabeth Wright, Director of Physical Training, Radcliif e College; "Should Men Manage or Coach Girls in Athlet- ics ?" by James E. Sullivan, Secretary-Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union and Member of the Board of Education of Greater New York ; ' * How to Train Begin- ners in Basket Ball," by Julie Ellsbee Sullivan, Manual Training High School, Brooklyn; "Basket Ball in the Public Schools of Greater New York," Miss Elizabeth Burchenal, Inspector of Public Schools Athletics, Greater New York; "Basket Ball for the Student Body," by Julie Elsbee Sullivan; "Basket Ball for Women in the South." by J. E. Lombard, Physical Director Public Schools, New Orleans. Illustrated with pictures of prominent women's teams. PRICE lO CENTS American Sports Publishing Company 21 Warren Street, New York yj I m m H mm SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY CROUP XIU- No. 331. Selioolyard Athletics By J. E. SULLIVAN President Amalenr Athletic Union; Member Board of Education Greater New York. THE great interest in ath- letics that has developed in the public schools within recent years has led to the compilation of this book with a view to the systemiza- tion of the various events that form the distinctively athletic feature of school recreation. With its aid any teacher should be able to conduct a successful meet, while' the directions given for becoming expert in the various lines will appeal to the pupil. Some of the leading athletes have contributed chapters on their specialties* Ray Ewry, holder of the world's high jump record, tells how to practice for that event; Harry Hillman, holder of the hurdle and three-legged records, gives hints on hurdle racing and three-legged racing; Martin Sheridan, all- around champion of America, gives directions for putting the shot; Harry F. Porter, high jump expert, describes how to become proficient in that event. The book is illustrated with photos taken especially for it in public schoolyards. PRICE 10 CENTS PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSEO TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK I ef^ecl July 5, 1910. Subject lo chamt wilhout nolicc Fat Canadian prices see speaal Canadian Catalogue Girls' Athletics '^he Official Handbook of the Qirls' "Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York EDITED BY MISS JESSIE H. BANCROFT Assistant Director Physical Training, Public Schools of Greater New York HIS book is a necessity in every classroom, containing as it does complete instructions for directing the athletic activities of a girls' school. A partial list of the con- tents is given herev^ith. Athletics for elementary and high schools ; how to organize clubs. By-Laws and rules of the Board of Education on Athletics, Folk Dancing, Field Days, Holidays, Entertainments, etc. Competition— Eligibility for, elementary and high schools. Folk Dancing as an athletic event — How judged at meets ; approved dances for elementary and high schools. Rules for meets and contests. Instruction classes for teachers. Park fetes. Plan of outdoor athletics for elementary schools. Walking as a feature of the outdoor athletic plan. Charts of walks. Classroom games. Numerous other subjects. Illustrated with photos taken especially for this book. Mailed postpaid on receipt of 10 cents by the publishers American Sports Publishing Company 21 Warren Street, New York I s5S?E THE SPALDING TRADE-MARK "^rrrl^^ SPALDING'S WOMEN'S ^1^ GYMNASTIC I SUITJJP [AS SUPPLIED TO THE LEADING] | GIRLS' COLLEGES AND SCHOOLsJ I Consisting of Blouse . . . $3.50 (With Emblem on Sleeve) Bloomers . $4.50 Skirt Good quality serge Plain circular . . . $6.00 Pleated 5.00 Necktie . . $1.75 Shoes Various styles and prices from 90c. to $3.50 per pair A. G. SPALDING & BROS, equip many of the leading educational institutions tJiroughout the country and invite correspondence reJative to outfitting teams. \ddress the nearest Spalding store, a Ust of which is given on second page of cover. PROMPT AnENTION GIVEN TOl ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US AG. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COYER OF THIS BOOK '^''"' "• '^«' M 5,1910. SubMC ,0 change wUhou, nolicc. For Canadian price, «e ,p«,a/ Canadian Calclofut. ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE l!l*^:/iUi]i:M(d ^ The Only Official Association Foot Ball An old favorite — just as popular as ever October i, 1909. Messrs. A. G. SPALDING & BROS., m-128 Nassau Street, New York City. Dear Sirs : I wish to thank you for the ball you sent me on Saturday and which we used in the Inter- national Soccer Match {Pilgrims of England vs. All New York) at Staten Island. Cricket Chib Grounds, Saturday, October 2d. It gave perfect satisfaction and held its shape well. I trust you will have great suc- cess in your sales. I feel sure chibs cannot do better^. than buy this ball. Yours very tndy, HARRY MAN LEY, Chairman Stalen fslaitd Fool Ball Club. President New York Slate Foot Ball Association. Chicago, October 23. 1909 Messrs. A. G. SPALDING & BROS, H7 Wabash Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Gentlemen : We have used your Official Association Foot Ball for our games played in the United Staten, and have found this ball to be perfectly satisfactory in every respect. Yours tndy, FRED H. MILNES, Captain-Manager " Pilgrims" Fool Ball Club. England. THE SPALDING OFFICIAL ASSOCIATION "SOCCER" FOOT BALL THE case of our No. L Ball is constructed in four sections with capless ends, neat in appearance and very serviceable. Material and workmanship are of highest quality and fully guaranteed. Each ball is packed complete in sealed box, with pure Para rubber (no com- position) guaranteed bladder, foot ball inflater, rawhide lace and lacing needle. Contents guaranteed if seal is unbroken. Used by the Pilgrims and all other prominent Soccer Teams the world over. No. L. Each, $5.00 WE GUARANTEE every Spald- ing Foot Ball to be perfect in material and workmanship and correct in shape and size when inspected at our factory. If any defect is discovered during the first game in which it is used, or during the first day's practice use, and if returned at once, we will replace same under this guarantee. We do not guar- antee against ordinary wear nor against defect in shape or size that is not dis- covered immediately after the first day's use. Owing to the superb quality of every Spalding Foot Ball, our customers have grown to expect a season's use of one ball, and at times make unreason- able claims under our guarantee, which we will not y^ y^ n - ^ ^ allow. ^^Zy <:^^U2-^<^ Z/:^.^ PROMPT AHENHQN GIVEN TO I ANT COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING &, BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH ■PWai in tfftcl July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice. For Canadian pricu sec special Canadian Calalugu suSte THE SPALDING Spalding ''Omcial National League" Mco. u.*.»*T. ore Ball Official Ball of the Game for over Thirty Years DOPTED by the National League in 1878, and the only ball used in Cham* pionship games since that time. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regula- tions. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. No. 1. Each* $1.25 Per Dozen. $15.00 tPROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US AGSPAliDING & BROS. STORES (N ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 'Pncu V* eject July 5, 1910. Subject to change without notice For Canadian prica $ee special Canadian Catalogue. SKeTHE SPALDING TRADEMARK GUARANTEES QUALITY :SSSJh£::~-i^ rDiirand-Steel] ^ lockers M^ ^^ooden lockers are objectionable* because they attract vermin, absorb odors, can be easily broken into, and are dangerous on account of fire. Lockers made from wire mesh 6t expanded metal afford little secur- ity, as they can be easily entered with wire cut- ters. Clothes placed in them become coveredl with dust, and the lockers themselves present a poor appearance, resembling animal cages. Durand-Steel Lockers are made of finest grade furniture steel and are finished with gloss black, furnace-baked japan (400°), comparable to that used on hospital ware, which will never flake off nor require refinishing, as do paints and enamels. 8omd PubMo of (Ti6 6,000 Ourand-Steel Lockers Installed In thO Gymnasiums of Chicago. I2'x I5'x42', Double Tier. Durand-Steel Lockers are usually built with doors perforated full length in panel design with sides and backs solid. This prevents clothes in one locker from coming in contact with wet garments in adjoining lockers, while plenty of venti- lation is secured by having the door perfo- rated its entire length, but, if the purchaser prefers, we perforate the backs also, r The cost of Durand-Steel Lockers Is no more than that of first-class wooden lockers, and they last as long as the building, are sanitary, secure, and, ill addition, are fire-proof. The following Standard Sizes are those most commonly used: DOUBLE TIER 12 X 12 X 36 Inch 15 X IB x36 Inch 12 X 12 x42 Inch ISx 19x42 Inch SINGLE TIER I2x 12x60 Inch IBx IBx60 Inch I2x I2x 72 Inch IBx IBX72 Inch •is b9«Mr* In Deubl* Tl*. Thr*« k90k«ra In Sln^l* Tl«r Speclax, Sizes made to order, c^ We are handling lockers as a special con- tract business, and shipment will in every case be made direct from the factory in Chicago. 1 f you will let us know the num- ber of lockers, size and arrangement, we shall be glad to take up, through sfirre- epondence, the matter of pricea. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A. G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 'PH'O in e#«<:/ /"(y 5. 1910. Suhje, ■cl to change without noltcc For Canadian pricti see ipecial Canadian Calalogut. The foUowmg index from late^ Catalogues will give the great variety of Athl I ^ manufadured by A. G. Spald Ankle Brace ... 44 Ankle Supporter . t 11 Ash Bars .... 78 Athletic Library , . 94, 95 Atta':hment8, Chest Weight 80 Bags- Caddy . , , . 66 Striking, , i .72.73 Balls- .54,93 24. 25, 54 . 3-5 14 . 16, 17 65 64 Basket . , Foot, College Foot, Rugby * Foot, Soccer . Golf . i Hand . . Indoor . , Lacrosse . Medicine , Playground . Polo .... Squash .... Volley . . „ . 64 54 62.54 49 . 82. 83 Water Polo . Ball Cleaner, Golf . Bandages, Elastic . Bar Bells . . . Bar Stalls . . . Bars- Horizontal , , Parallel , . , .83 Bases- Indoor . * . ^) ., 52 Bathing Suits . ^ . SE Bats- Indoor .... 62 Belts- Leather and Worsted . 11 Elastic . Bladders — Basket Ball . Foot Ball Striking Bag Blades, Fencing Caddy Badges . Caps- Skull . . University . ■ Water Polo , Chest Weights . Circle, Seven-Foot Clock Golf Corks, Running Cross Bars Discus, Olympic Discs- Marking . . Rubber Golf . Disks, Striking Bag Dumb Bella . Emblems . . Embroidery Exerciser. Homo Felt Letters . Fencing Sticks . Fmger Protection FUgs— College . Marking, Golf Foils, Fencing . Foot Balls- Association . .College 13 . 25 6. 14. 17 . 67 67 . 74, 75 . 76. 77 .31.33 90 . 25 .34.35 . 67 . 90 . 16, 17 . 8-5 . 14 PAGE Foot Ball Goal Nets . 17 Foot Ball Timer . . 5 Gloves- Boxing . . . . 70. 71 Fencing .... 91 Foot Ball ... 13 Golf .... 67 Handball ... 64 Hockey, Ice . . '. 47 Lacrosse . »■ , 69 Goals- Basket Balf ... 25 Foot Ball ... 17 Hockey, Ice , . . 47 Lacrosse . . . 6vt Goal Cage, Polo . . 49 Golf Clubs . . . 63, 64 Golfette . . . .67 Grips- Athletic « » -i 61 Golf . ... 67 Gymnasium, Home . . 79 Gymnasium Board, Home 85 Gymnasium.Home Outfits 86-88 □ammers Hangers for Indian Clubs Hat Bands, Hats, University Head Harness . . .8, Health Pull . . Hob Nails . . . .67, Hockey Sticks, Ice . .46, Holder, Basket Ball, Canvas, Hole Cutter, Golf . Hole Rim, Golf , » . i Horse. Vaulting « , Hurdles, Safety/ « Indian Clubs » , . ^- ' Inflaters— Foot Ball Striking Bag ., , ' Jackets- Fencing . * . ! FootB^U . ., . Javelins .... I Jerseys . . 15.20,21.' Knee Prqtectors . . 26. ! Knickerbockers. Foot Ball I^ce, Foot Ball 6 Lacrosse . 69 Lanes for Sprints , 69 Leggings, Klip 10 Leg Guards- Foot Ball . . 8 Ice Hockey , -^ 48 Polo . . * 49 Letters - Embroidered 33 Felt . . . <» ?1 Liniment. "Mike Murphy" 13 Masks- Fencing ... fll Nose ... Masseur. Abdominal Mattresses, Gymnasiun 85 84 Mattresses, Wrestling 65 Megaphones 34 Mitte- Handball . , 64 Striking Baff. , 73 MwCttSin* . , , 87 Monograms Mouthpiece, Foot Ball Muffler . . . Needle, Lacing » Nets- Golf Driving Volley Ball . Numbers, Competitors' Pads- Chamois, Fencing Foot Ball Wrestling Paint. Golf Pants- Basket Ball . Boys' Knee . Foot Ball, College . Foot Ball. Rugby . Hockey, Ice . Running . . Pennants. College . Pistol, Starter's Plastrons, Fencing . Plates— ■ Teeing. Golf . Platforms, Striking Bag Poles- Ski . . . . Vaulting Polo. Roller, Goods . Protectors- Abdomen Eye Glass Indoor Base Ball . Thumb .... Protection, Running Shoes Pucks. Hockey, Ice . Push Ball . Pushers, Chamois . Quoits . .' Racks, Golf Bait . Racquets, Squash . Rapiers Referee's.Whistle « Rings- Exercising , ,, Swinging . ^ Rowing.Machines » Sacks, for Sack Racing Sandals, Snow Shoe Sandow Dumb Bells Scabbards. Skate s Score Books- Basket Ball » ^ Shin Guards- Association « • College .' i « Shirts- Athletic « • , Soccer . • • Shoes- Basket Bali « , Fencing . Foot Ball, Association Foot Ball, College , Foot Ball, Rugby Foot Ball. Soccer Golf . . Gymnasiunj . Jumping . Running . Skating . . Squash « « 34, 74,75 ^ 84 , 79. 84 > 81 Race. 15 18 68 27 61 60,61 45 Shot- Athletic . Indoor . Massage , Skates- Ice . i Roller . Skate Bag . Skate Key Skate Rollei-3 Skate Straps Skate Sundries Skis . Sleeve Bands. College Snow Shoes Squash Goods . Standards — Vaulting Volley Ball . Straps— Kor Three-Legged Skate Sticks. Polo Stockings . Foot Ball Stop Boards Striking Bags < Suits- Base Ball. Indoor Basket Ball . Gymnasium . Gymnasium. Lad Running Soccer Union. Jfoot Ball Water Polo . Supporters Ankle . Wrist . Suspensories Sweaters . Swivels, Striking Bag Swords, Fencing Swords. Duelling Tackling Machine Take-Off Board Tape- Measuring Steel Tees. Golf . . Tether Tennis . Tights- Full . . Full. Wrestling Knee , . Toboggans Toboggan Cushions Toe Boards Toques Trapeze'. Adjustable Trapeze. Single Trousers. Y.M.C.A Trunks- Velvet . Worsted . . 3S, 43 49. 60. 51 . 44 59 44 49 . 10 16 . 59 . 72. 73 6 55 12.13 11 13 12 22,23 72 Uniforms. Base Ball. Indoor 63 Wands. Calistlienic Watches, Stop . Weights, 56-lb. Whistles, Referee's Whitely Exercisers . . Wrestling Equipment Wriat Machine . . OK ^ Standard Policy A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality. To market his groods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. However, th'ese deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begins to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices by which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. -^The jobber insists on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding ^& Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways: First— The user is assured of genuine Official Standard Athletic Goods, and the same fixed prices to everybody. Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Quality. ^ All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. All Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding & Bros. , or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount from the regular catalogue prices. This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has already been in successful operation for the past ten years, and will be indefinitely continued. In other words, " The Spalding Policy " is a " square deal " for everybody. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. By PBESIDENT, ^x' One copy del. to Cat. Div. An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard** is thereby conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government Detectives" or "Public Opinion" to assist them. Consequently the "Consumer's Protection " against misrepresentation and "in- ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the ' 'Manufacturer." A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thirty- three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field. The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of "inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a guarantee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap goods, whose idea of and basis for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally upon the eloquence of the salesman. We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty in quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. "7^^^ j^/l^tJn^ \ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ATHI^BTIC JbX 005 900 779 8 A separate book covers evj and is Official and "Standard Price 10 cents each GRAND PRIZE GRAND PRIX ST. LOUIS. 1904 Spalding PARIS, 1900 ATHLETIC GOODS ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD A. G.Spalding "SI Bros. MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES m the FOLLOWING CITIES: NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS BOSTON KANSAS BALTIMORE MINNI WASHINGTON SAN PITTSBURG CI BUFFALO ] SYRACUSE NEW ORLEANS ON, ENGLAND ATLANTA LONDON, ENGLAND CHICAGO ST. LOUIS KANSAS CITY MINNEAPOLIS N SAN FRANCISCO ^G CINCINNATI .0 DENVER CUSE DETROIT V ORLEANS CLEVELAND FLANTA SEATTLE BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND DALLAS EDINBURGH. SCOTLAND SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA COLUMBUS ST. PAUL MONTREAL. CANADA Factories owned and operated by A.C.Spaldiny & Bros, antl where all of Spaldinjr 'e-Markcd Athletic Goods are made arc located in the follov/inj cities: NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO CHICOPEE, MASS. JBROOKLYN"^ BOSTON PHILADEXPHIA LOBTDON. ENG. CONGRESS 005 900 779 8 4^