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 Copy 1 
 
 OUTLINE STUDIES 
 
 on the Problems of the 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD 
 
 Prepared by a Special Committee 
 
/ 
 
OUTLINE STUDIES 
 
 on the Problems of the 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION PERIOD 
 
 Prepared by a Special Committee 
 
 ASSOCIATION PRESS 
 
 New York : 347 Madison Avenue 
 1918 
 
,0% 
 
 Copyright, 1918, by 
 Frederick M. Harris 
 
 OCT II 1918 
 
 ©CU5()()I59 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 I. Alcoholism 5 
 
 II. Social Vice 7 
 
 III. The Broken Family 9 
 
 IV. The Status of Woman 12 
 
 V. The Home-Coming Man 15 
 
 VI. Democracy and the War 18 
 
 VII. Industry 21 
 
 VIII. The Ending of War 24 
 
 IX. Nationalism and Internationalism Id 
 
 X. War Finance and the Increased Burden of Living 29 
 
 XI. The New Task of Organized Religion 32 
 
 XII. The New Spirit of Cooperation and Service 34 
 
 XIII. The Goal of Civilization 38 
 
HOW TO USE THE OUTLINE 
 
 These studies are drawn up on the basis of victory for 
 America and the nations with which we are associated in 
 the w^ar. But the war will not be won when peace is 
 declared. It will not be won until war is made forever 
 impossible. That means the removal of the causes of war, 
 and the overthrow of all the forces of injustice and 
 unrighteousness that prey on the life of humanity. The 
 world will not be "safe for democracy" until, within the 
 nation as well as between nations, liberty, fraternity, and 
 equality are actually realized. 
 
 After the war comes the period of reconstruction. We 
 must build a new world, or this w^ar will have become 
 murder on a colossal scale. But while war unites a people, 
 reconstruction divides. The social problems within the 
 nation are harder to meet than a foreign foe. If we blunder 
 into the reconstruction period, we will blunder through it. 
 The right sort of leadership is imperative. And if in every 
 community throughout the land there is a group of men 
 and women of good will, who have made a thorough study 
 of the problems which must be dealt with, the leadership 
 will be ready. 
 
 The problems stated in this outline have been selected 
 by a score of persons having more or less expert knowl- 
 edge of social questions. Some of these problems have been 
 created by the war, others have been lifted by the war into 
 a dififerent class. They are outstanding problems that must 
 be solved ; they can no longer be evaded as they have been 
 in the past. 
 
 The outline is designed for churches and synagogues, 
 Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations 
 in colleges and cities, community groups and industrial 
 
 1 
 
groups, college women's clubs, and all organizations of 
 men and women who wish to familiarize themselves with 
 the next task confronting the nation. We are informed 
 from Washington that the administration is favorable to 
 such studies of the reconstruction period. 
 
 The best results will be gotten by a picked group who 
 unite to do earnest and consecutive work. Such a group 
 may be organized in the following manner : Let some inter- 
 ested person or persons call together from ten to fifty men 
 and women in any church, society, or community. Lay 
 l^efore them the need of a better understanding of recon- 
 stuction problems and the plan of study here outlined. 
 Those who will promise to attend regularly and to prepare 
 papers or do original work as requested w^ill form the class. 
 All others should be barred. The group should not be 
 smaller than five or larger than forty. If more want to 
 pursue the study, form another class. 
 
 Having formed the group, choose a leader. A teacher, 
 minister, or any person accustomed to study, will make a 
 good leader. Meet in the evening, that there may be ample 
 time for discussion. The studies are suitable to Sunday, 
 where that is the most convenient time. Once in two weeks 
 is a good interval for preparation. Weekly meetings may 
 be better if the war comes to an early end, for these prob- 
 lems cannot wait once peace is declared. While the studies 
 number thirteen, more meetings may be required, as some 
 of the topics will lead to wide discussion. 
 
 Follow the seminar method. Let some one be appointed 
 to report on each of the sub-topics into which the main 
 problems are divided. In some cases the leader may want 
 to combine two of the sub-topics, but ordinarily one is 
 enough for each person to look up if thorough work is done. 
 Make the assignments at least two meetings ahead. In 
 reporting one may read a paper or give orally and briefly 
 the results of his investigation. Under each sub-topic will 
 
be found suggestions as to some of the points that ought 
 to be covered, but they are in no way exhaustive. After 
 each investigator has reported there should be a period 
 for discussion, or this may be reserved until all have been 
 heard. 
 
 Carefully selected and annotated materials are cited to 
 help in the study. Some of them may be had free of 
 charge from national societies or from the Government at 
 Washington. No postage need be sent for Government 
 publications. Most of the books and magazine articles cited 
 may be found at any public library. Study groups remote 
 from libraries may want to purchase books for the use of 
 the group. Also in many cases books are furnished free 
 by state libraries. 
 
 Let none be discouraged by the extent of the bibli- 
 ography. Several authorities are given in each case in the 
 hope that at least one may be available, and in order that 
 the student may have opportunity to choose. But excel- 
 lent work may be done by groups who study these topics 
 independently, and discuss them among themselves with- 
 out the aid of any outside authorities. 
 
 The outline may be used at church prayer-meetings and 
 in adult Bible classes, and some church publication socie- 
 ties are working it over into a quarter's lessons for adult 
 classes. But the results will be poor unless independent 
 work is done by the members of these groups. No one is 
 wise enough to give a final opinion on these problems. 
 In the outline we have tried to avoid even the suggestion 
 of conclusions. What is needed is that everyone should 
 think things through for himself and form his own judg- 
 ments. The very essence of democracy is the belief that 
 the mind of man can be trusted and that the human soul 
 will choose the best when it sees it. 
 
 In the country and in small towns it will be well to 
 form a community group, including churches and other 
 
 3 
 
organizations. What is desired is that in every community 
 throughout the land the most thoughtful persons and those 
 who love their country best shall set themselves with open 
 mind and honest purpose to the study of reconstruction 
 problems. It must be real study to be of value. 
 
 The future history of humanity depends on the result 
 of this war and on the reconstruction which follows. That 
 depends on the thought and purpose of the average man, 
 and his understanding and control of the forces at work. 
 Thus, in a measure, civilization rests upon you and me 
 and upon the intelligence and sympathy with which we 
 enter on the days just ahead. 
 
 Paul Moore Strayer. 
 
 The bibliography is a product of many hands, but the larger part 
 of the work was done by the experts of the Russell Sage Foundation 
 Library. 
 
 English material, both books and pamphlets, may be had from 
 P. S. King & Son, 2 and 4 Great Smith Street, London, England. Orders 
 should be sent at one time for the study group and well in advance of 
 the date required. 
 
 Social and reconstruction problems are discussed from week to 
 week in The Survey, New York, whose files should be examined for 
 up-to-date information. Each group should subscribe for one or more 
 copies of this paper where it is not now received. Further suggestions 
 and helps will be found in "Facts and Questions About Reconstruc- 
 tion," by Ward and Shenton, Federal Council, 105 East 22nd Street, 
 New York City. 35c. 
 
 Each member of the study group should have a copy 
 of this outline. 
 
I. ALCOHOLISM 
 
 1. The Movement Against Alcohol Before the War 
 
 (This problem considered first because on it the nation has reached 
 the clearest judgment.) 
 
 The Church and family have spoken, now the voice of 
 business and the State is heard. The shift from the moral 
 to the economic. What drink costs in the way of health, 
 safety, efficiency, and national wealth. Attitude of busi- 
 ness toward the saloon. The drinker's chance of employ- 
 ment or promotion. The new forces enlisted against the 
 saloon. Present methods of attack. 
 
 "Selected Articles on Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic." Ed. 2. 
 Comp. by L. T. Beman, N. Y. Wilson, 1917 (Debaters' handbook 
 series). $1.25. Many articles on both the affirmative and negative 
 sides of the question.. Statistics are given and authorities quoted. 
 
 "Anti-Alcohol ^Movement in Europe." Ernest Gordon, N. Y. 
 Revell, 1913. $1.50. Chapter 7 deals with the "alcohol question and 
 continental armies." 
 
 "Alcohol and Society." John Koren, N. Y. Holt, 1916. $1.25. 
 Contents: Social aspects of drink; Drink reform in the United States; 
 Government and prohibition ; Drink reform in foreign countries ; Con- 
 structive temperance reform. 
 
 "Alcohol's Ledger in Industry." C. F. Stoddard, Westerville. 
 Ohio. American Issue Publishing Co., 1914. 10c. 
 
 "Turning Off the Spigot." Elizabeth Tilton, Westerville, Ohio. 
 American Issue Publishing Co., 1917. Published also in The Survey, 
 V. Z7, January 13, 27, February 10, 24, and March 10, 1917. Author 
 converted to prohibition through her experiences as a social worker. 
 
 General ]\Iagazine References 
 
 Survey, V. Z7, pp. 349-52, December 30, 1916; V. 38, pp. 62-66. 
 April 21, 1917; V. 39, pp. 112-116, November 3, 1917. 
 
 Outlook, V. 117, p. 46, September 12, 1917. 
 
 Intercollegiate Statesman, October-December, 1917. "World's Drive 
 Against Alcoholism." 
 
 2. The New Attitude Toward Alcohol Growing Out of the 
 
 War 
 
 Relation of drink (a) to food conservation, and (b) to 
 military efficiency. Governmental action in Europe and 
 
 5 
 
America. Safeguards to soldiers and sailors in the United 
 States; camps placed in dry states, "white zone," military 
 police, federal pressure on local authorities. Difficulty in 
 safeguarding soldiers in Europe. 
 
 "Anti-Saloon League Year Book, 1917." Westerville, Ohio. Ameri- 
 can Issue Publishing Co., 1917. World-wide liquor problem, pp. 309-337. 
 Deals with conditions prior to and since the war in all countries but 
 the United States. 
 
 "Control of the Drink Trade," a contribution to national efficiency. 
 Henry Carter. London, Longmans, 1918. Review of the action of 
 the English Government in regard to the liquor problem from the 
 autumn of 1914 to the spring of 1917. 
 
 "Defeat or Victory." The strength of Britiin book. Arthur Mee 
 and J. S. Holden. Ed. 2, rev. Westerville, Ohio-, American Issue 
 Publishing Co., 1917. 25c. A severe criticism, revealing the havoc 
 wrought, through intemperance, in the homes of England's fighting 
 men through the failure of the government to control the liquor trade 
 in the early days of the war. 
 
 "United States Brewers' Association Year Book, 1917." The 
 Assn., 5 Union Sq., New York, N. Y. 1918. An interesting compila- 
 tion of_ facts as they exist in the minds of those safeguarding the 
 liquor interests. 
 
 United States War Department. Amendments to Army bill (Sec- 
 tions 12 and 13). Deals with the sale of alcohol and regulation of 
 prostitution in zones surrounding military training camps. 
 
 General Magazine References 
 
 Survey, V. 38, p. 524, September 15, 1917; V. 39, pp. 112-116, 
 November 3, 1917. 
 
 3. Prevention of the Wave of Drunkenness Which Usually 
 Follows War 
 The inevitable reaction when soldiers leave the battle 
 front. Importation by soldiers of European point of view 
 and customs as to drink. Drunkenness treated as a disease. 
 National prohibition as a remedy. 
 
 "War and Alcohol ; Alcohol and Demobilization." Major W. McA. 
 Eccles (in British Journal of Inebriety, V. 15, pp. 103-05, January, 1918). 
 Cites conditions following the Napoleonic wars with a plea for gov- 
 ernment regulation. 
 
 "Alcohol and Hygiene." Irving Fisher (statement before Con- 
 gress), 460 Prospect St., New Haven, Conn. This pamphlet may be 
 had at a low rate when ordered in quantity. 
 
 New York (State). State Charities Aid Association, 105 East 
 22nd Street New York. Handbook on the care and treatment of 
 
 6 
 
alcoholic and drug addicts . . . compiled by J. J. Weber. (Publica- 
 tion unnumbered, 1917.) "Treatment of Public Intoxication and 
 Inebriety." (Publication No. 108, 1909.) 
 
 "Habits That Handicap": the menace of opium, alcohol and to- 
 bacco, and the remedy. C. B. Towns, N. Y. Century Co., 1915. $1.20. 
 Alcoholics; help for the hard drinker; classification ot alcoholics, 
 pp. 79-139. Author believes that alcoholism should be treated as a 
 disease, stating that "reform cannot be brought about through pun- 
 ishment." 
 
 For general information on the subject of alcoholism, particularly 
 as it is affected by the war, the following magazines will be found 
 helpful: 
 
 British Journal of Inebriety. Bailliere, Tindall and Cox, 8 Hen- 
 rietta Street, Covent Garden, London. 
 
 National Advocate. Federal Council of the Churches of Christ 
 in America, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. 
 
 II. SOCIAL VICE 
 
 1. The Tendency to Vice in Army and Navy and the Havoc 
 Wrought 
 
 How it is affected by abnormal life, break with home 
 traditions, loss of individuality and initiative, loneliness, 
 and way man in uniform' is regarded by the other sex. 
 Home-making instincts of man with no natural satisfac- 
 tion. Prevalence of venereal diseases among soldiers and 
 sailors. Effect on fighting power. Spread to homes and 
 the consequent suffering of humanity. 
 
 Illinois Vigilance Association. Leaflets. 58 Washington Street, W, 
 Chicago, 111. i T7 T) 
 
 "Clean and Strong." A book for young men. E. A. King and F. B. 
 Meyer. Boston, United Society of Christian Endeavor, 1917. 5Uc. 
 
 "Third Great Plague." A discussion of syphilis for everyday 
 people. J. H. Stokes, Philadelphia, Saunders, 1917. $1.50. 
 
 2. The Safeguards Evolved During the War 
 
 "White zone" and police repression. Hospital treat- 
 ment. Lectures and exhibits. Soldiers kept occupied and 
 interested during leisure hours by Y. M. C. A., Commis- 
 sion on Training Camp Activities, etc. Moral and rehgious 
 appeal. A new community moral standard set up in the 
 army. Results in American army and navy. 
 
 7 
 
Symposium on Venereal Disease ; control in the army, the navy 
 and the civilian community, by Surgeon General Gorgas and others. 
 (In Social Hygiene, V. 4, pp. 38-82, January. 1918.) Illuminating 
 articles written by experts. 
 
 "Training Camp Commissions," by Joseph Lee. (The Survey, 
 V. 39, pp. 3-7, October 6, 1917.) Describes recreational work carried 
 on in the military camps ; also stresses necessity for promoting the 
 proper spirit between the boys in camp and the residents of the sur- 
 rounding neighborhood. 
 
 "Keeping Our Fighters Fit for War and After." E. F. Allen and 
 R. B. Fosdick. An authoritative book from the head of the Training 
 Camp. N. Y. Century Co. $1.50. 
 
 General Magazine References 
 
 Survey, V. 38, pp. 349-50, July 21, 1917; V. 39, pp. 127-28, Nov. 
 3, 1917. 
 
 3. How May These Moral Safeguards Be Made Permanent? 
 
 Abandonment of criminal reticence as to this scourge 
 of society; the whole question kept on new plane to which 
 it has been lifted by the war. Creating a new social moral 
 standard by which the citizen must measure himself, as 
 does the soldier. Public education in social hygiene. Care- 
 ful training of adolescents. Recreation and social activi- 
 ties in city and country. Abolition of segregated areas and 
 provision for prostitutes. Reporting of venereal diseases 
 like other infectious diseases to health department, using 
 numbers instead of names, the physicians being held respon- 
 sible. Free clinics and dispensaries. Health certificates 
 before marriage. 
 
 American Social Hygiene Association. Publications. 105 West 
 40th Street, New York. 
 
 "The Church and the People's Play." H. A. Atkinson. N. Y. 
 Pilgrim Press, 1915. $1.25. Author believes that the Church should 
 assume the leadership of the people's recreation, in order that it may 
 develop a wholesome character and thus assist in the upbuilding of the 
 individual and of the community. 
 
 Council of National Defense, Committee for Civilian Cooperation 
 in Combating Venereal Diseases. Publications. May be obtained by 
 writing to the Committee, Washington, D. C. 
 
 "Essays in War Time : Further Studies in the Task of Social 
 Hygiene." Havelock Ellis. Boston, Houghton, 1917. $1.75. Conquest 
 of venereal diseases, pp. 129-137. Author advises general enlighten- 
 ment of the adolescent, and advocates laws enforcing the registration 
 of cases. 
 
 8 
 
Health Education League. Pamphlets, (each 5c.) 13 Devonshire 
 Street, Boston, Mass. 
 
 For general information on the subject of social vice, particularly 
 in its relation to the war, the following magazine will be found helpful : 
 
 Social Hygiene. American Social Hygiene Assn., 105 West 40th 
 Street, New York, N. Y. 
 
 III. THE BROKEN FAMILY 
 
 1. War Relief 
 
 Governmental plans through insurance and other forms 
 of protection, taking the place of pensions. Plans of states 
 to protect families. Government recognition of man's duty 
 to family and obligation to support wife. Work of private 
 agencies, such as Canadian Patriotic Fund and American 
 Red Cross. 
 
 As their titles indicate, the following pamphlets are published ex- 
 pressly to help all those who aim to sustain and encourage the depend- 
 ent families of the fighting forces of our country. 
 
 American Red Cross Society. Department of Civilian Relief. 
 "The Patriotic Fund of Canada," by P. U. Kellogg. (Publication 
 ARC 155, April, 1917.) Comprises three of a series of articles. en- 
 titled "A Canadian City in War Time," published in The Survey for 
 March 17, 24, and 31, 1917. 
 
 "Home Service," by P. R. Lee and Karl de Schweinitz. (Publication 
 ARC 200, July, 1917.) Substantially a reprint of ten articles which 
 appeared serially in The Survey ending with the issue of June 30, 1917, 
 under the title "The Task of Civilian Relief." 
 
 Manual of Home Service. (Publication A R C201, December, 1917.) 
 
 "This Side the Trenches with the American Red Cross," by Karl 
 de Schweinitz. (Publication, unnumbered, 1918.) Actual cases cited 
 where the home service worker has proved of invaluable aid. 
 
 United States Children's Bureau. "Care of Dependents of En- 
 listed Men in Canada," by S. H. Wolfe. (Bureau publication, No. 25, 
 1917.) 
 
 "Governmental Provisions in the United States and Foreign Coun- 
 tries for Members of the Alilitary Forces and Their Dependents," pre- 
 pared under the direction of S. H. Wolfe. (Bureau publication, No. 
 28, 1917.) 
 
 Bureau of War-risk Insurance. Bulletins and publications. Ex- 
 plain fully the government scheme of insurance, family allotments, etc. 
 
 "State Action for Soldiers' Families." K. Z. Wells (*n Survey, 
 V. 38, pp. 570-72, September 29, 1917). Summarizes action taken in 
 seven states for provision for dependents of soldiers. 
 
2. Juvenile Delinquency 
 
 Effect of war on children's games and on home Hfe. 
 Left alone by mothers. Increase of child crime during war 
 in different countries. How this tendency is to be met. 
 Government's interest in preventive work ; the commissions 
 and agencies at work. Playgrounds and summ.er schools. 
 Protective agents and juvenile courts. 
 
 Cleveland Foundation. Survey Committee. "Delinquency and 
 Spare Time" ; a study of a few stories written into the court records 
 of the city of Cleveland by H. W. Thurston. Cleveland, The Founda- 
 tion, 1918. (Publication No. 27.) Some constructive efforts to help 
 children choose wholesome uses of spare time. Recommendations, 
 pp. 121-54. This publication may be purchased from the Survey Com- 
 mittee, 2025 East Ninth Street, Cleveland, Ohio, for 2Sc. 
 
 "Education Through Play." H. S. Curtis. N. Y. Alacmillan, 
 1915. $1.50. Although written prior to our entrance into the war, this 
 book should prove valuable in solving the problem of juvenile delin- 
 quency as affected by present conditions. 
 
 "Girls and Khaki." W. D. Lane. (Survey, V. 39, pp. 236-40, De- 
 cember 1, 1917.) Discusses the necessity for protective agencies for 
 girls, particularly those who live in the vicinity of military training 
 camps. 
 
 "Making the War Safe for Childhood." Delinquency in wartime. 
 W. D. Lane. (Survey, V. 38, pp. 451-54, August 25, 1917.) One of 
 the most valuable articles written on this subject. The author spent 
 some time in England and his opinions are, therefore, original. 
 
 "The Child and the War"; being notes on juvenile delinquency 
 prepared for the Howard Association. Cecil Leeson. London, Howard 
 Assn. 1917. Mr. Leeson is an authority on his subject, being for many 
 3'ears the secretary of the Howard Assn., which exists to prevent 
 crime and juvenile delinquency. This report is very generally used, as 
 it contains valuable statistics. 
 
 United States Children's Bureau. "Juvenile Delinquency in Cer- 
 tain Countries at War"; a brief review of foreign sources. (Bureau 
 publication No. 39.) 
 
 3. The Mother and Child Forced Into Industry 
 
 Increase of child labor. Injury to children's health, edu- 
 cation and morals. Effect on home life. 
 
 Family income, of private soldiers having families, about 
 one-third of normal war wages. Mothers forced into fac- 
 tories. Government assistance inadequate. 
 
 "Democracy and Child Labor." Felix Adler (in Child Labor Bulle- 
 tin, V. 6, pp. 57-61, May, 1917). Claims that the child must receive 
 
 10 
 
due consideration at this period, if the democracy of the future is to 
 be successful. 
 
 "Economic Effects of the War Upon Women and Children in 
 Great Britain," by I. O. Andrews, assisted by M. A. Hobbs. Carnegie 
 Endowment for International Peace ; division of economics and his- 
 tory. N. Y. Oxford Univ. Press, 1918. Cloth. $1.00; paper gratis. 
 Work of Women and Children Before the War, pp. 14-20. Effects of 
 the War upon the Employment of Children, pp. 145-63. This study is 
 particularly valuable as it includes, in one volume, many phases of the 
 subject omitted from reports and articles of a briefer nature. 
 
 "The Federal Child Labor Law." Florence Kelley (in Survey, 
 V. 38, pp. 484-6, September 1, 1917). This law was declared uncon- 
 stitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States, June, 1918. 
 
 National Child Labor Committee. Pamphlets 1905 date. 105 East 
 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. Numerous publications cover all phases 
 of the child labor problem. 
 
 "Child Labor in the Warring Countries." Review of foreign re- 
 ports by Anna Rochester. United States Children's Bureau. (Bureau 
 publication, No. 27, 1917.) 
 
 4. Orphans and Illegitimate Children 
 
 How war multiplies these unfortunates. Methods of 
 dealing with them. Social status of unmarried mothers and 
 of children born out of wedlock. How may the State meet 
 its responsibihty for conditions it had a part in creating? 
 
 "France Adopts Her War Orphans." A. W. Towne (in Survey, 
 V. 39, pp. 7-9, October 6, 1917). Recent legislation in France whereby 
 those children deprived of natural guardianship through the war may 
 grow up and be trained for good citizenship on their native soil. 
 
 "War Orphans and Child Welfare in Germany." E. F. Henderson 
 (in Survey, V. 40, pp. 39-41, April 13, 1918). 
 
 "The Unmarried Mother." A Study of five hundred cases. P. G. 
 Kammerer. Boston, Little, 1918. (Criminal Science Monographs, No. 
 3.) $3.00. As the title would indicate, this work has little information 
 of a general character, but is of value to the special student. 
 
 "Measures of Protection for Working Mothers in France." (In 
 United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, monthly review. V. 5, pp. 
 39-41, July, 1917.) 
 
 "Illegitimacy in Europe as Affected by the War," by E. O. Lund- 
 berg, pp. 299-304. National Conference of Social Work, Proceedings 
 1917. "The three phases of the subject to be taken into account are as 
 follows : First, whether conditions resulting from the war have brought 
 an increase in the number of illegitimate births; second, whether there 
 have been changes in the status of the illegitimate child and his right 
 to parental support; third, whether special measures have been taken 
 to conserve the lives and health of illegitimate as well as legitimate 
 children." 
 
 11 
 
"Infant Welfare Work in War Time," by G. L. Meigs. Pp. 192- 
 206. Deals with the measures taken for the protection of mothers and 
 infants in Great Britain, Germany, France, Belgium, and Canada. 
 
 For general information on the subject of child welfare in its 
 various phases, as affected by the war, the following magazines will 
 be found helpful: 
 
 The Child. John Bale Sons & Danielsson, Ltd., London, W. 1. 
 Agents for U. S. A., G. E. Stechert & Co., 151-155 West 25th 
 Street, New York, N. Y. 
 Playground. Playground and Recreation Assn. of America, 1 
 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
 
 IV. THE STATUS OF WOMAN 
 
 1. How Women Have Helped in War Time 
 
 Making of Red Cross materials. Taking the places of 
 men in belligerent countries. Women as munition workers. 
 Other new industries entered in Europe and America. Work 
 in national and community organization. 
 
 "Women's Work in War Time," by W. L Bullard. Boston Mer- 
 chants' National Bank. Textile Department. 1917. Discusses the 
 experience of women in the industrial field in Great Britain. Contains 
 valuable suggestions as to welfare work, also a compilation of our 
 own state laws relating to female and child labor. 
 
 "Credit, Industry and the War." Edited by A. W. Kirkaldy. 
 British Association for the Advancement of Science. London, Pitman, 
 1916. Outlets for labor after the war — replacement of men by women 
 in industries, pp. 68-192. 
 
 "Labour, Finance and the War." Edited and with a preface by 
 A. W. Kirkaldy. British Association for the Advancement of Science. 
 London, Pitman, 1916. Replacement of men by women in industry dur- 
 ing the war, pp. 58-213. The later report, "Labour, Finance and the 
 War," summarized in the Monthly Review of the United States Bureau 
 of Labor Statistics, V. 4, pp. 335-346, March, 1917. These two reports 
 are among the most valuable made. 
 
 "American Women and the World War." L C. Clarke. N. Y. 
 Appleton, 1918. $2.00. Describes fully the organization of the women 
 of America for war work along both social and industrial lines. 
 A useful book of reference. 
 
 "Women and the War Work." Helen Fraser. N. Y. Shaw, 1918. 
 $1.50. Covers briefly the work done by the women of England since 
 the beginning of the war. 
 
 "Munition Makers." Amy Hewes and H. R. Walter. N. Y. Russell 
 Sage Foundation, 1917. 75c. Contents: Women as munition makers, 
 a study of conditions in Bridgeport, Connecticut, by Amy Hewes. 
 Munition workers in England and France ; a summary of reports 
 
 12 
 
issued by the British Ministry of Munitions, by H. R. Walter. These 
 studies were issued separately as Publications IS4 and IS6 of the 
 Division of Industrial Studies of the Russell Sage Foundation. They 
 may be obtained from the Publication Dept. of the Foundation upon 
 receipt of 20c. 
 
 "War and Women's Work in England," by Edith Abbott (in 
 Journal of Political Economy. V. 25, pp. 641-78, July, 1917). Relates 
 the entrance of English women into the industrial field shortly after 
 the beginning of the war and follows their progress up to time of 
 writing. 
 
 2. Their New Political Liberties in This Country (Woman 
 
 Suffrage) 
 
 Extension of suffrage. Influence of women's vote in 
 recent elections. Further training needed for exercise of 
 privilege. 
 
 "Address to Congress," by Mrs. Carrie Chapman Catt. 15c. 
 Woman Suffrage Year Book, 1917. $1.00. 
 
 These publications with other literature may be obtained from Na- 
 tional Woman Suffrage Association, 171 Madison Avenue, New York, 
 
 N. Y. 
 
 3. Their New Position in Industry and Its Physical and 
 
 Moral Results 
 
 Women and fatigue. Occupations which unfit women 
 for motherhood. Moral effect of women's spending work- 
 ing hours outside of the home. New tastes and habits. 
 Loss of home spirit but gain of economic independence. 
 Educational value of new economic responsibility either as 
 producers or conservers. The place of the idle and para- 
 sitic woman in the new order. 
 
 "Economic Effects of the War upon Women and Children in 
 Great Britain," by I. O. Andrews, assisted by M. A. Hobbs. Car- 
 negie Endowment for International Peace; division of economics and 
 history. N. Y. Oxford Univ. Press, 1918. Cloth, $1.00; paper gratis. 
 Effects of war work on women, pp. 164-176. This chapter treats of 
 effects of night work, effects of war work on home life, development 
 of personality, etc. 
 
 "Fatigue and Efficiency ; a study in industry." Josephine Gold- 
 mark. N. Y. Charities publication committee, 1912 (Russell Sage 
 Foundation). $2.00. Authoritative study on the subject of "ndustrial 
 fatigue. Chapter 4 "Some Specific Studies of Physical Overstrain in 
 Industry" should prove particularly enlightening. 
 
 13 
 
"Woman After the War," by W. L. George (in English Review. 
 V. 23, pp. 516-27, December, 1916). A prophecy as to the future of the 
 woman in the industrial world with the accompanying results. 
 
 "Women in War Industries," by Esther Norton (in New Re' 
 public. V. 13, pp. 179-181, December 15, 1917). A plea for the con- 
 servation of the nation's womanhood, based upon England's experiences. 
 
 4. The Problem of Marriage and Offspring, Especially in 
 Europe Where Women So Greatly Outnumber Men 
 
 Nature's equilibrium of sexes disturbed by war. The 
 social consequences. Will this disproportion be offset by 
 economic independence of woman and her unwillingness to 
 marry ? The right to motherhood. Rise and growth of new 
 theories of marriage. Relation of advanced feministic 
 theories to the present situation. Measures for safeguard- 
 ing the marriage relation. The duty of parenthood. 
 
 "Durable Monogamous Wedlock," by J. E. Cutler (in American 
 Journal of Sociology. V. 22, pp. 226-251, September, 1916). Describes 
 the gradual change in woman's status in relation to the home owing to 
 recent economic developments. Shows, also, that the family, in order 
 to retain its stability as a social institution, must be protected until 
 able to adjust itself to altered conditions. 
 
 "Feminism and the Familv," by E. C. Parsons (in International 
 Journal of Ethics. V. 28, pp. '52-58, October, 1917). Radical article, 
 authoritatively written, advocating the adoption of maternity insurance 
 schemes. 
 
 "Birth-rate and Empire." James Marchant. London, Williams & 
 Norgate. 1918. Chapter 5. Penalties on parenthood. Chapter 7. 
 Birth-control and the racial instinct. Chapter 5 stresses the advis- 
 ability of state aid in the form of maternity endowments. Chapter 7 
 provokes discussion of the sacredness of the marriage tie. 
 
 National League for Woman's Service, Washington, D. C, Write 
 for publications on this specific subject. 
 
 "War and the Sexes," by Ellen Key (in Atlantic Monthly. V. 117, 
 pp. 837-44, June, 1916). Suggestions with regard to the marriage re- 
 lation during and after the war, with a telling forecast of the increased 
 burden of responsibility which women will be forced to meet. A plea 
 that our highest ideals may be sustained. 
 
 "What is Coming? a European Forecast." H. G. Wells. N. Y. 
 Macmillan, 1916. $1.50. Chapter 8. What the war is doing for 
 women. Discusses probable change of relationship between men and 
 women with arguments against possible polygamy in Germany. Claims 
 that an increased birth-rate will be undesirable for some years after 
 the war on economic grounds. 
 
 14 
 
V. THE HOME-COMING MAN 
 
 1. The Training of Men Maimed and Disabled by War or 
 Disease 
 
 What IS being done or planned by the Government and 
 by private agencies. What remains to be done to meet our 
 full duty in the matter. Increases in community spirit and 
 public undertakings that we may provide for men whom 
 private industry cannot take. Self-respect and habits of 
 work maintained, feelings of uselessness and depression 
 prevented. Lessons for the Government growing out of 
 pension abuse. 
 
 American Journal of Care for Cripples, edited by D. C. McMurtrie. 
 Published quarterly, 2929 Broadway, New York. V. 4 especially help- 
 ful. 
 
 "A Canadian City in War Time" : The Battle Ground for Wounded 
 Men, by P. U. Kellogg (in Survey, V. 38, pp. 1-10, April 7, 1917). 
 
 "Crutches into Plowshares, a Lesson for the United States in the 
 Reconstruction of Canadian War Cripples," by D. C. McMurtrie (in 
 Survey. V. 39, pp. 105-110, November 3, 1917). Illustrated article, 
 showing the Canadian plan as it is carried out in the Province of Al- 
 berta. 
 
 "The Future of the Disabled Soldier," by C. W. Hutt. London, 
 John Bale Sons and Danielsson, Ltd., 1917. $L50. An excellent sum- 
 mary of the work done in France, Germany, Canada, Australia, New 
 Zealand, and Great Britain, with valuable appendices. 
 
 Red Cross Listitute for Crippled and Disabled Men. Publications. 
 311 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 
 
 "Refitting Disabled Soldiers," by L. V. Shairp (in Atlantic 
 Monthly. V. 121, pp. 362-370, March, 1918). A brief review of the 
 arrangements made in England for the re-education of various classes 
 of disabled. 
 
 "Report on the Inter-Allied Conference for the Study of Pro- 
 fessional Re-education and other Questions of Interest to Soldiers and 
 Sailors Disabled by the War, Held at Paris, May 8-12, 1917." 47 pp. 
 London, Govt., 1917. 
 
 "Substitute for Pensions" (in Nezu Republic. V. 12, pp. 10-11, 
 August 4, 1917). Compares the plans proposed through the War Risk 
 Insurance Bill with the pension system. Stresses the political evils 
 resulting from the pension system. 
 
 For general information on the subject of Rehabilitation of 
 Soldiers and Sailors, files of the following magazines will be found 
 helpful : 
 
 Carry On: a Magazine on the Reconstruction of Disabled Sol- 
 diers and Sailors. Issued monthly. Edited by the Office of the 
 
 15 
 
Surgeon General. U. S. Army, published for the Surgeon Gen- 
 eral by the American Red Cross. Communications should be 
 addressed to Surgeon General, U. S. Army, Attention Editor, 
 Carry On, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Recalled to Life: a Journal Devoted to the Care, Re-education 
 and Return to Civil Life of Disabled Sailors and Soldiers. 
 London, John Bale Sons & Danielsson, Ltd. 
 
 Reconstruction: Bulletin of the LivaHded Soldiers Commission 
 of Canada. 22 Victoria Street, Ottawa, Canada. 
 
 2. Refitting Men Into Normal Family and Community Life 
 
 Gains and losses for family life resulting from army 
 experiences. Patriotic service of women married to men 
 crippled or invalided by war. How communities may make 
 ready for the home-comers and facilitate readjustment. 
 
 "Imperial Obligation; Industrial Villages for Partially Disabled 
 Soldiers and Sailors," by T. H. Mawson. London, Grant Richards, 
 Ltd. 1917. A plea for the returning soldier and sailor, that he, with 
 his family, may live and work amid normal congenial surroundings. 
 
 "Provision of Employment for Members of the Canadian Expedi- 
 tionary Force on their Return to Canada and the Re-education of 
 Those who are Unable to Follow their Previous Occupations Because 
 of Disability." 53 pp. Ottawa, Govt. 1915. (Military Hospitals Com- 
 mission.) 
 
 "Re-education : An Analysis of the Institutional System of the 
 United States," by G. E. Barton. N. Y. Houghton, 1917. $1.00. 
 Author believes that all men, whether their defect be mental or physi- 
 cal, may be re-educated in such a way as to make them self-supporting. 
 His opinions are the result of actual experience. 
 
 "The War Cripple," by D. C. McMurtrie. (Columbia University. 
 Columbia War Papers. Series 1, No. 17, 1917.) Shows, with un- 
 erring knowledge of human nature, that in many instances there are 
 serious difficulties to be overcome before the cripple will cooperate in 
 the process of rehabilitation. Summarizes work done in various coun- 
 tries at war. 
 
 The following articles, all published in the Monthly Reviezv of the 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics at Washington, will be found very helpful : 
 
 "How France Returns Her Soldiers to Civilian Life: Meeting the 
 Problem of the Returned Disabled Soldier in Canada." (V. 5, pp. 
 305-13, August, 1917.) 
 
 "Provision for Disabled Soldiers'* ; "Finding Jobs for Great 
 Britain's Disabled Soldiers," by Airs. M. A. Gadsby. "British Labor 
 Party and the Disabled," by J. G. Wardle. (V. 5, pp. 1137-53, De- 
 cember, 1917.) First of these two articles lists trades suitable to the 
 returning soldier of Great Britain, with amount of training necessary 
 for each. 
 
 "Village Settlements for Disabled Soldiers in Great Britain." (V. 
 
 16 
 
0, {)]). 588-90, Alarch, 1918.) "Schemes to combine restorative treatment 
 with industrial and social reconstruction for disabled ex-service men." 
 "Provision for the Disabled and Vocational Education — Vocational 
 Education Conference at Philadelphia," by Mrs. M. A. Gadsby ; "Train- 
 ing Disabled Soldiers in Canadian Industries"; "Training of Widows 
 of Deceased Soldiers in Great Britain." (V. 6, pp. 839-51, April, 1918.) 
 
 3. How We May Avoid a Sex Conflict in Industry, Grow- 
 
 ing Out of the Fact That Places of Men Have Been 
 
 Filled by Women 
 Will women be willing to relinquish positions for men? 
 Will employers prefer women? Equal pay for the same 
 work as a preventative. Employment of men favored by 
 the necessary legal restrictions as to hours and working 
 conditions for women wage earners. 
 
 "Credit, Industry and the War," being reports and other matter 
 presented to the Section of Economic Science and Statistics of the 
 British Association for the Advancement of Science, Manchester, 1915, 
 edited by A. W. Kirkaldy. London, Pitman, 1916. 80c. Woman 
 workers*after the war, pp. 91-94. Offers various suggestions whereby 
 rivalry between men and women workers may be avoided. 
 
 "Remuneration of Women's Services," by E. F. Rathbone (in 
 Economic Journal. V. 27, pp. 55-68, March, 1917). Includes an able 
 discussion of the question of future competition between men and 
 women in the industrial world. 
 
 4. Settling the Returned Soldier On the Land 
 
 Action of Government after Civil War. Plans of Canada, 
 Australia, and United States. The "good, free land" now 
 in possession of the Government for this purpose. Lands 
 that may be irrigated and swamps reclaimed. Taxation of 
 large holdings of farm land and of lands owned by absen- 
 tees in order to force sale. Making conditions favorable for 
 soldiers to obtain land. 
 
 "Land for Soldiers" (in The Public. V. 20, p. 882, September 14, 
 1917). Suggestions as to action of the Government with regard to 
 taxing vacant city lots, unused acres supplying no food, and undevel- 
 oped mineral lands, etc. 
 
 "Lesson from Australia; her Systems of Land Settlement for the 
 Returning Soldier," by Bruno Lasker (in Survey. V. 40, pp. 313-315, 
 June 15, 1918). 
 
 National War Garden Commission. Publications, 1918. Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 
 
 17 
 
The following articles are published in the Montlily Review of the 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics: 
 
 "Farms for Returned Canadian Soldiers : Land Settlement for 
 Soldiers in Australia" (V. 5, pp. 691-94, October, 1917). 
 
 "The Soldier, the Worker, and the Land's Resources," bv Benton 
 MacKaye (V. 6, pp. 48-56, January, 1918). 
 
 "Training and Employment of Disabled Soldiers and Civilians in 
 Germany; Settlement of Disabled Soldiers on the Land" (V. 6, pp. 851- 
 56, April, 1918). 
 
 VL DEMOCRACY AND THE WAR 
 
 1. What Is Democracy? 
 
 We are fighting to make the world "safe for democracy" ; 
 all nations are committed to more democracy. What do we 
 and other nations mean? Why does humanity set such 
 store by democracy? What is its ethical foundation? What 
 constitutes its basic worth? What is democracy in govern- 
 ment; in religion; in social customs; in industry; in edu- 
 cation? 
 
 "In Our First Year of War." President Wilson's messages and 
 addresses to the Congress and the people, Alarch 5, 1917-January 8, 
 1918. N. Y. Harper, 1918. $1.00. 
 
 "The New Freedom ; a Call for the Emancipation of the Generous 
 Energies of a People," by Woodrow Wilson. N. Y. Doubleday, 1913. 
 $1.00. A compilation of the 1912 campaign speeches; a plea that the 
 United States may be governed in the interests of the whole people. 
 
 "Social Democracy Explained," John Spargo. N. Y. Harper. 50c. 
 By one of the most intellectual and moderate of the Socialists. 
 
 "The Soul of Democracy," E. H. Griggs. N. Y. Macmillan. $1.25. 
 A suggestive discussion of the spiritual value and basis of democracy. 
 
 "What of Democracy?" D. S. Jordan (in The Public, V. 20, pp. 
 885-89, September 14, 1917). An excellent explanation of the funda- 
 mental principles of democratic government, with its application foi 
 the individual. 
 
 "Democracy and World Politics," Shailer Mathews, published by 
 National Security League, 19 West 44th Street, New York Citv. 
 (Pamphlet No. 10.) 
 
 2. Effect of War Upon Democracy in Various Countries 
 
 Incompatibility of war and democracy. Military effi- 
 ciency of autocracy. Organization of armies itself auto- 
 cratic. The inevitable reaction during- war to autocratic 
 
 18 
 
rule. War a danger to democracy. Rapid growth of desire 
 for democracy after the war. 
 
 "Autocratic Administration" (in New Republic. V. 11, pp. 230-31, 
 June 30, 1917). Claims that, while a concentration of power may be 
 imperative in the conduct of war, it need not necessarily interfere with 
 the ultimate underlying principles of true democracy. 
 
 "The Secret Treaties." The secret agreements between Russia, 
 Italy, England, and France at the time Italy entered the war. From the 
 Russian Archives. Published by the Evening Post (New York), 20 
 Vesey Street, New York, N. Y. 10c. 
 
 "The Radical Outlook," by Walter Runciman (in Contemporarv 
 Review. V. 113. pp. 1-7, January, 1918). Illustrates the effect that the 
 war has had upon the liberty of the individual in England, with the 
 hope ardently expressed that autocratic control shall end simultane- 
 ously with the war. 
 
 "Democracy After the War." John A. Hobson. N. Y. Mac- 
 millan. $1.50. Its scope indicated in the title. The book arouses ex- 
 pectations which it fulfils. 
 
 3. Coercive Use of Power in a Democracy 
 
 The draft. Compulsory military service. Enforced labor. 
 "Commandeering." 
 
 "Appropriation of Private Property for Public Use in War Time," 
 by G. A. King (in Case and Comment. V. 24, pp. 525-34, 630-39, 
 December, 1917, January, 1918). Lawyers' Co-operative Publishing Co., 
 Rochester, N. Y. Single nos. 15c. 
 
 "Less Loafing" (in Outlook. V. 119, p. 97, May 15, 1918). Discusses 
 the compulsory labor legislation which has recently been enacted in 
 West Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey. Since this article was 
 written a similar law has been enacted in New York. 
 
 "Men of Draft Age to Fight or Do Real Work" : New York's anti- 
 loafing law (in Outlook, V. 119, pp. 211-12, June 5, 1918). 
 
 "Success of Selective Service" (in Nezv Republic. V. 11, pp. 148-50, 
 June 9, 1917). Article states that "Conscription must be applied with 
 a keen sense of our peculiar situation and of democratic methods and 
 purposes." 
 
 "War in its Relation to Democracy: Coercion In Democracy." 
 (Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 
 V. 72, pp. 28-31, July, 1917.) A statement that true democracy cannot 
 be imposed upon a people, but must spring from the will of the in- 
 dividual. The question of conscription in its relation to democracy 
 touched upon. 
 
 4. Free Speech and a Free Press 
 
 Experience in the belligerent countries. The right of 
 free speech and its limits in a democracy. Censorship. 
 
 19 
 
Comparison of press controlled by interests and by military 
 necessity. License in criticizing government for lack of 
 aggressive conduct of the war compared with restriction 
 of liberty in criticism of aggressiveness. Censorship after 
 peace to cover up what governments want to conceal. 
 
 "Germany, Switzerland and Free Speech" (in Outlook, V. 112, pp. 
 280-82, Februar}^ 2, 1916). Shows that Germany, while respecting 
 boundaries, was able through sinister influence to "invade the Swiss 
 domain of free thought and free speech." 
 
 "Press and the Censorship in England and France," by W. Mac- 
 Donald (in Nation, V. 105, pp. 287-89, September 13, 1917). Actual 
 methods of the censorship in England and France fully described. The 
 final paragraph stresses the evils of censorship. 
 
 "Protest Against a Muzzled Press" (in Survey, V. 38, p. 358, July 
 21, 1917). A criticism of the Postmaster-General for his action in 
 depriving certain magazines of mailing privileges. 
 
 "Public Confidence and the Censor" (in World's Work. V. 34, pp. 
 243-44, July, 1917). Admitted, that during a period of war some cen- 
 sorship of the press is necessary, it would be well that the censor 
 appointed should have the unlimited confidence of the public. 
 
 "War and Free Press" (in Outlook, V. 116, pp. 56-57, May 9, 1917). 
 Censorship of the press in a democracy contrasted with that in an 
 autocracy. 
 
 Publications of the Free Speech League, 56 East 59th Street, New 
 York, N. Y. 
 
 Publications of the National Civil Liberties Bureau, 70 Fifth Ave- 
 nue, New York, N. Y. 
 
 5. "How Much Democracy Do We Want?" 
 
 Compare democracy desired by Tories of England and 
 by working people of Russia. How much power shall peo- 
 ple have? Effect of race prejudice on democracy. The 
 rights of the Negro and other repressed races. What should 
 be the attitude of democracy tow^ard immigration? The 
 evolutionary method of developing democracy contrasted 
 with the revolutionary. 
 
 "Forty Years of It," by Brand Whitlock. N. Y. Appleton, 1914. 
 $1.50. Author's reminiscences of political conditions as they existed in 
 Urbana, Ohio, showing the gradual trend toward a democratic equality. 
 Many social problems presented. 
 
 "The Question at Issue," by H. G. Wells (in Nezv Republic. V. 14, 
 pp. 47-49, February 9, 1918). 
 
 "What the Bolsheviki Really Want," by S. Strunsky (in Nation. 
 V. 105). 
 
 20 
 
"Races and Immigrants in America," by J. R. Commons. Ilhis. 
 N. Y. Macmillan, 1907. $1.50. Chapter 1 — Race and Democracy; 
 Chapter 3 — The Negro. Democracy as it was originally conceived was 
 fashioned for those of the Anglo-Saxon race. Immigration, therefore, 
 brought problems difficult of solution. Mistakes of the Government in 
 dealing with this problem at the close of the Civil War enumerated. 
 
 VII. INDUSTRY ' 
 
 1. Effect of War Upon Living and Working Conditions 
 
 Inflated wages. Shifting of labor population and corre- 
 sponding poor living conditions. Effect upon ordinary 
 peace industries. Long hours. Speeding up of production. 
 Disturbance and extension of trade unionism. Provision 
 for readjustment after the war. Public enterprises and 
 public employment as means of maintaining labor equili- 
 brium. 
 
 "Industrial Unrest in Great Britain." United States Bureau of 
 Labor Statistics. Bulletin No. 237, 1917. Among the causes of indus- 
 trial unrest given, are the following : Food prices ; liquor restric- 
 tions ; general industrial conditions ; housing problem ; distrust of trade 
 union leaders and government departments. 
 
 "Labor Problems of War Time" (War Service Bulletin, No. 5. 
 1918). Joint Commission on Social Service of the P. E. Church. 281 
 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10c. A useful pamphlet largely 
 made up of quotations taken from current reports, magazines, and 
 newspapers. Contains suggestions as to safeguarding of labor stand- 
 ards, need of national system of labor exchanges, etc, 
 
 "Methods of Meeting the Demands of Labor" (in United States 
 Bureau of Labor Statistics. Monthly Reviezv. V. 5, pp. 486-96, Septem- 
 ber, 1917). 
 
 "Restoration of Trade Union Conditions," by Sidney Webb. N. Y. 
 LIuebsch, 1917. Paper 50c. 
 
 2. Socializing of Industry During War, and Government 
 
 Control in Various Nations 
 
 Control of munition factories. Administration of rail- 
 roads. If higher efficiency is obtained in war times what 
 about the time of peace? Competition or social control? 
 
 "Internationalism and Government Ownership," by W. E. Walling 
 (in The Public. V. 21, pp. 49-52. January 11, 1918). Democratic gov- 
 ernment ownership contrasted with state socialism. 
 
 "Making the Most of Railroad Control" (in New Republic. V. 13, 
 
 21 
 
pp. 298-300, January 12, 1918). Discusses the advisability of govern- 
 ment control of railroads continuing at the conclusion of the war. 
 
 "War Time Control of Industry," by H. L. Gray. N. Y. Macmillan, 
 1918. $1.50. Detailed treatment of various industries in England, 
 showing the gradually increasing growth of government control since 
 the beginning of the war. The final chapter, "Conclusions and Com- 
 parisons," which summarizes the situation through 1917 is both inter- 
 esting and informative. A very useful book. 
 
 "What is Coming? A European Forecast," bv H. G. Wells. N. Y. 
 Macmillan, 1916. $1.50. Chapter 5. How Far Will Europe Go To- 
 wards Socialism? A comparison of the efficiency of Great Britain 
 and France with that of Germany in the management of internal afifairs 
 during the war, and a prophecy as to future developments. 
 
 3. The New Demands of Labor, Which Feels It Has Done 
 the Hard Work of the War ; Will Our Present Indus- 
 trial System Be Able to Meet Them? 
 The right to organize. National control of employment. 
 Employment guaranteed for all. Social insurance against 
 unemployment. National minimum wage. Nationalizing 
 of railways, mines, and the production of electrical power. 
 Government control of privately owned industry. Is the 
 Government a better employer than private industry, and 
 if so what is the effect on labor? The problem of unorgan- 
 ized, unskilled labor. The I. W. W. and Bolshevism; what 
 do they signify in our social order and what they stand for? 
 
 "Aims of Labour," by Arthur Henderson. N. Y. Heubsch, 1918; 
 paper 50c. Probably a re-statement of the platform of the British 
 Labour Party as explained in the Supplement to the A^ezv Republic, is- 
 sue of February 16, 1918. 
 
 "Americanism and Social Democracy," by John Spargo. N. Y. 
 Harper, 1918. $1.50. Chapter 1. Americanism and Social Democracy. 
 Explains the changes that must come about in our present industrial 
 system if the demands of the people are to be met. Author believes 
 that reform will come through evolution rather than by revolution. 
 
 "Labour and the New Social Order" ; A Report on Reconstruction 
 by the Sub-Committee of the British Labour Party. (A^czv Republic, 
 February 16, 1918, Supplement.) 5c. The most constructive program 
 yet issued. The four "pillars of the house" that the Labour Party 
 proposes to erect are as follows : The universal enforcement of a 
 national minimum; the democratic control of industry; the revolution 
 in national finance ; the surplus wealth for the common good. These 
 four main issues are worked out in detail and, with the Foreword and 
 Conclusion, give a valuable insight into the future aims and ideals of 
 the Party. 
 
 "The L W. W.," by C. H. Parker (in Atlantic Monthly. V. 120, pp. 
 
 22 
 
651-62, November, 1917). "The I. W. W. can be profitably viewed only 
 as a psychological by-product of the neglected childhood of industrial 
 America." 
 
 4. Are We Moving Toward Democracy in Industry? 
 
 What it means. Effect on labor if it were required to 
 organize and then held responsible. How the control of 
 industry may be shared by the workers. Representation 
 in management and on boards of directors. Profit-sharing 
 as compared with a share in directorship. New Zealand's 
 experiments in industrial democracy. 
 
 "Social Welfare in New Zealand : the Result of Twenty Years of 
 Progressive Social Legislation and its Significance for the United 
 States and other Countries," by H. H. Lusk. N. Y. Sturgis & Walton, 
 1913. $1.50. 
 
 "Making the Bargain : Some Tendencies Toward Collective Action 
 in Non-union Shops," by J. A. Fitch (in Survey, V. 39, pp. 316-19, De- 
 cember 15, 1917). Describes various "Workmen's Councils," which 
 exist under slightly different names in a number of plants scattered 
 through the country, probably the best known of which is the Filene 
 Cooperative Assn. of William Filene's Sons Company in Boston. 
 
 "The Discovery: an Account of a New Way to Industrial Peace 
 in Great Britain," by Arthur Gleason (in Survey. V. 38, pp. 156-59, 
 May 19, 1917). Describes the formation of "Workshop Councils," 
 members of which are chosen from the ranks of the workers them- 
 selves. Report of Bureau of Mediation in Labor, Washington, D. C. 
 
 "Towards Social Democracy" : A Study of Social Evolution Dur- 
 ing the Past Three-Quarters of a Century," by Sidney Webb, London, 
 Allen, 1916. Preface, pp. 2-7. 
 
 5. Cooperative Societies 
 
 Democracy in fact. Experience and success in Europe. 
 How the cooperative movement may be transplanted to 
 America. 
 
 "Cooperation in New England, Urban and Rural," by James Ford. 
 N. Y. Survey Associates, 1913. (Russell Sage Foundation.) $1.50. 
 Contents : Part L Cooperative associations of workingmen. Part II. 
 Cooperative associations of farmers. 
 
 "Cooperation, the Hope of the Consumer," by E. P. Harris and 
 others. N. Y. Macmillan, 1918. $2.00. Contents: Part I. Failure of 
 our middlemanism. Part II. Reasons and the remedy. Part III. Prac- 
 tical cooperation. Part IV. Background and outlook. A valuable 
 study, inasmuch as it covers the entire field. A brief historical resume 
 of the movement is included in Part IV. 
 
 Publications of the Cooperative League of America. 70 Fifth 
 Avenue, New York, N. Y. Scott H. Perky, Secretary. 
 
 2i 
 
VIII. THE ENDING OF WAR 
 
 1. The Causes of War and Its Worst Results 
 
 (a) Causes : Greed. Exploitation of backward peoples. 
 National aspirations. Foreign investments under monopo- 
 listic conditions made secure by government power. 
 Rivalry for world trade. Discriminating tariffs. Militar- 
 ism and war preparedness, (b) Results : Killing of noblest 
 and best. Destruction of capital and of the accumulations 
 of civilization. Deepening of race prejudice. National 
 Phariseeism. Campaign of lies. Hate. Perversion of 
 man's inventive powers and destruction of civilized achieve- 
 ments. Barbarism. 
 
 "Primer of the Peace Movement." American Peace Society, Wash- 
 ington, D. C. 10c. 
 
 "Selected Quotations on Peace and War." Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America. 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. 
 Contains material bearing on all topics in Sections VIII and IX. 
 
 "War and the Breed; the Relation of War to the Downfall of 
 Nations," by D. S. Jordan. Boston. Beacon Press, 1915. $1.25. A study 
 of the effects of militarism upon the individual and upon the State. ' 
 
 "What the War Is Teaching," by C. E. Jefferson. N. Y. Revell, 
 1916. $1.00. A series of lectures on the following subjects: What 
 War Is ; What Is in Man ; The Inexorableness of Moral Law ; What 
 Armed Peace Leads to; The Indispensableness of Religion. An 
 indictment of war in the abstract and an explanation of the present 
 war from the Christian's standpoint. 
 
 "Why War?" by F. C. Howe. N. Y. Scribner, 1916. $1.50. As is 
 stated in the preface — "The real cause of the war is to be found far 
 back of the summer of 1914 ; it is to be found in the new economic 
 and financial forces set in motion in the closing years of the last 
 century." The author covers the ground of his contention very thor- 
 oughly, taking up the territorial aggressions of the various powers, 
 particularly those of Great Britain, France, and Germany, in turn, 
 and with seeming impartiality. He sounds a warning to the United 
 States. 
 
 2. Political Measures for Preventing War: such as Open 
 
 Treaties, a League of Nations, a World Court, Inter- 
 national Police, and General Disarmament. 
 
 Abolition of secret diplomacy; all international business 
 to be transacted in the open. Difficulties in the way of a 
 League and how to meet them. Advantages that go to 
 
 24 
 
League's members. How court is to be constituted. Organ- 
 ization of international police power. How disarmament 
 is to be maintained. Effect of government manufacture and 
 sale of firearms and explosives. 
 
 "In the Fourth Year; Anticipations of a World Peace," by H. G. 
 Wells. N. Y. Macmillan, 1918. $1.25. Contents: Way to Concrete 
 Realization ; The League Must Be Representative ; The Necessary 
 Powers of the League ; The Labor View of Middle Africa ; Getting 
 the League Idea; Future of Monarchy; Plain Necessity for a League; 
 Democracy ; Recent Struggle for Proportional Representation in Great 
 Britain; Study and Propaganda of Democracy. 
 
 Leaflets. World Alliance for International Friendship. 105 East 
 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. 
 
 "A League of Nations," by H. N. Brailsford. London, Headley 
 Bros., 1917. $1.75. "The success of a league of nations will depend, 
 not merely on the wise drafting of its constitution, but upon the solu- 
 tion reached in the war settlement of our problems of nationality, 
 colonial expansion, international trade, sea-power, and alliances. I 
 have grouped in the following chanters for an answer to this question : 
 "Under what political and economic conditions would the creation of 
 a league of nations be a hopeful adventure?" 
 
 Pamphlets. Church Peace Union. 70 Fifth Avenue, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 "Re-building of Europe ; a Survey of Forces and Conditions," by 
 D. J. Hill. N. Y. Century Co., 1917. $1.50. Shows that the countries 
 of Europe have inherited international traditions that were originated 
 in an age when miHtary force was the basis of state existence. The 
 propositions to which this ideal gave birth were never rejected even at 
 The Hague Conventions, the nations preferring to trust one another 
 rather than to repudiate these age-long traditions. It was felt that 
 a direct blow aimed at this basic fault would precipitate war. The 
 vital necessity for destroying this enemy in the Great War settlement, 
 the author shows in this most valuable study. 
 
 "Ways to Lasting Peace," by D. S. Jordan. Indianapolis, Bobbs- 
 Merrill, 1916. $1.00. The purpose of this book is to present in brief 
 the various plans for international reorganization made by individuals 
 and societies of authority and standing, and, in the author's words, 
 "to attempt an interpretative analysis." 
 
 3. The Economic Basis of Peace 
 
 The problems of raw materials, trade routes and for- 
 eign investments. International commission against monop- 
 oly in raw materials and to secure just distribution. Free- 
 dom of the seas — what it means. Free access to the sea 
 for all nations. Concessions to build railroads in foreign 
 lands, not to carry power to monopolize trade of the region. 
 
 25 
 
Shall foreign investors assume their own risk or be pro- 
 tected by their governments? If governments protect for- 
 eign loans should they be made on about the same terms 
 as domestic loans? International guardianship of back- 
 ward peoples, as, for example, Africa. 
 
 "Blocking New Wars," by H. S. Houston. N. Y. Doubleday, 1918. 
 $1.00. Includes proposals of the League to Enforce Peace. Although 
 this book has nothing new to propose, it is valuable inasmuch as it 
 presents the American point of view and is of recent date. 
 
 "Conditions of Peace," by K. Poole (in New Republic, V. 13, 
 pp. 339-41, January 19, 1918). Shows necessity for the absolute separa- 
 tion of economic from political or national boundaries if peace is to 
 endure, with a suggestion that an international council be appointed 
 with power to settle all great economic issues which must arise in the 
 future. 
 
 'Tax Economica," by Henri Lambert. 216 William Street. New 
 York. Ranken & Co., 1917. Paper, gratis. A practical plan sub- 
 mitted whereby the world in future may enjoy a stable peace founded 
 on the principle of freedom, equity, equality in the economic world 
 for large and small nations alike. 
 
 "War Aims of Inter-Allied Labor and Social Conference" {Nezv 
 Republic, March 23, 1918, Supplement). 
 
 "Why War?" by F. C. Howe. N. Y., Scribner, 1916. $1.50. For 
 annotations see Section VIII, No. 1. See especially chapters on for- 
 eign investments. 
 
 Leaflets. Society for the Elimination of the Economic Causes of 
 War. New York, N. Y. 
 
 "The African Riddle," by H. G. Wells (in New Republic, V. 14, 
 pp. 100-3, February 23, 1918). 
 
 III. NATIONALISM AND INTERNATIONALISM 
 
 1. What Is a Nation, and the Historic Relation of Nations 
 
 Toward Each Other and Toward a World Order 
 
 The nation compared to the family. Reasons for national 
 
 competition past and present. How much nationalism is 
 
 true and when does it become false? A high and just 
 
 national spirit as basis of real internationalism. Loyalty 
 
 to one's country and super-loyalty to mankind. Religion 
 
 as a corrective of that national morality which is egotistic 
 
 and selfish. 
 
 "The Challenge of the Future: A Study In American Foreign 
 Policy," by R. G. Usher. Boston, Houghton, 1916. $1.75. New ed. 
 N. Y., Grosset, 1918. 75c. This book applies to the whole of study IX. 
 
 26 
 
being in the nature of a forecast based upon the history of past and 
 present conditions. Touches upon our future relations with Central 
 and South America, Europe, and the Far Eastern countries. 
 
 International Conciliation. Pamphlets issued by the American 
 Association for International Conciliation, 407 West 117th Street, New 
 York, N. Y. Attention is particularly called to four numbers treating 
 of "Principles of Nationality," by Boas, Butler, Haldane, and Ruyssen. 
 
 "Nationalism, War, and Society." A study of Nationalism and its 
 Concomitant War, in their Relation to Civilization ; and of the Funda- 
 mentals and the Progress of the Opposition to War, with an Intro- 
 duction by Norman Angell, by E. B. Krehbiel. N. Y., Macmillan, 
 1916. $1.50. 
 
 "The Principle of Nationalities," by Israel Zangwill. N. Y., Mac- 
 millan, 1917. 50c. 
 
 2. The Rights and Duties of Nations, Small and Large 
 
 The same ethical standards applied to nations as to 
 individuals. The abolition of imperialism which seeks new 
 territories or economic advantages. The duty of the strong 
 to serve the weak, as over against exploitation. The break- 
 up of empires. How might geographical boundaries be 
 adjusted, when just and desirable, without disturbing the 
 world's peace? How may nations secure "that change which 
 is as necessary to life as security"? The world's debt to 
 "little peoples." 
 
 "The Negro's Fatherland," by W. E. B. DuBois (in Survey, V. 39. 
 p. 141, November 10, 1917). Author discusses the future of Africa, 
 with its immense possibilities, in comparison with past treatment. 
 Believes that the settlement of this question must have great effect 
 upon ultimate democracy. 
 
 "The Rights of Small Nations" (in Survey, V. 39, p. 550, Feb- 
 ruary 16, 1918). Resolution introduced by Senator Borah of Idaho, 
 which was referred to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. 
 
 "Through Liberty to World Peace." First Congress of the League 
 of Small and Subject Nationalities. (In Survey, V. 39, pp. 137-140, 
 November 10, 1917.) Includes major resolutions adopted by the Con- 
 gress held in New York October 29-31, 1917, and at which Belgians. 
 Danes, Finns, Letts, Koreans, Negroes, Boers, Syrians, and many other 
 representatives were present. 
 
 See also references under Study VIII. 
 
 3. American Relations With China and Japan 
 
 The causes of China's friendship for and confidence in 
 the United States. The same for Japan. Compare Ameri- 
 
 27 
 
can anti-Chinese legislation with the treaties with China 
 and with the general principles of international good will 
 and fair dealing. The nature and consequences of the 
 "Gentlemen's Agreement" between America and Japan. 
 The essential points of irritation between America and 
 Japan. How may they be permanently solved? 
 
 "America and the Orient: Outlines of a Constructive Policy," by 
 S. L. Gulick. N. Y. Missionary Education Movement, 1916. 25c. 
 Author calls attention to the fact that the United States, in her Asiatic 
 policy, is following Europe's footsteps in a path that w^ill inevitably 
 lead to conflict. Takes the general arguments against what is com- 
 monly known as the ''Yellow peril" and disposes of them one by one. 
 Does not minimize the unfair treatment which the Asiatic has received 
 at the hands of the Caucasian. 
 
 "American Democracy and Asiatic Citizenship," by S. L. Gulick. 
 N. Y., Scribner, 1918. $1.75. An ably presented consideration of the 
 "legislation which should now be enacted by Congress in order that 
 America may do her part in setting right our relations with the Far 
 East." 
 
 "The American Japanese Problem : A Study of the Racial Rela- 
 tions of the East and the West," by S. L. Gulick. Illus. N. Y., Scrib- 
 ner, 1914. $1.75. Detailed study of the Japanese problem as it exists 
 in California, with an outline of a new Oriental policy whereby 
 "America must stand for equality of rights and privileges of every 
 race." 
 
 "Chinese Immigration," by M. R. Coolidge. N. Y., Holt, 1909. 
 $1.75. Contents: Part 1, Free Immigration, 1848-1882 ; Part 2, Restric- 
 tion and Exclusion ; Part 3, Competition and Assimilation. Appendix : 
 Statistical tables ; Selected Bibliography ; Index. In the Introduction, 
 "The Chinaman at Home," the author gives a brief summary of native 
 conditions surrounding the average Chinese citizen. 
 
 "Contemporary Politics in the Far East," by S. K. Hornbeck. 
 N. Y., Appleton, 1916. $3.00. In his preface the author states that he 
 attempts to give a brief account of Chinese politics, of Japanese poli- 
 tics, and of some of the outstanding features of the international situ- 
 ation in the Far East. The various relationships between Japan and 
 Germany, Japan and China, Japan and the United States, and China 
 and the United States are discussed. 
 
 "Rising Japan : Is She a Menace or a Comrade to Be Welcomed 
 in the Fraternity of Nations?" by J. T. Sunderland. N. Y., Putnam, 
 1918. $1.25. Written v^^ith a view to counteracting the anti-Japanese 
 spirit, the encouragement of which is thought by some to be part of 
 the German propaganda. The greater part of the book deals with 
 the question of a possible invasion by Japan, while the solution of 
 the Japanese question in California and the menace of Japan in the 
 Philippines have separate and distinct chapters. 
 
 28 
 
4. America's Relations with Central and South America 
 
 "International Relations of the United States." American Academy 
 of Political and Social Science. Annals. V. 64. July, 1914. Cloth, 
 $1.50. Paper, $1.00. Main headings are as follows: Present Status 
 of the Monroe Doctrine; Mexican Situation, Its Problems and Obliga- 
 tions; The Policy of the United States in the Pacific; Elements of a 
 Constructive American Foreign Policy. The first topic covers the 
 South American attitude toward the Monroe Doctrine and the effects 
 of the Panama Canal on our relations with Latin America. 
 
 "Pan-Americanism," by R. G. Usher. N. Y., Century, 1915. $2.00. 
 Author believes that the unprogressive countries of Central and South 
 America should receive aid from the United States until able to stand 
 alone. 
 
 5. Democracy Made International, the United States of the 
 
 World 
 
 Foreign relations a matter of democratic decision in the 
 same way as internal affairs. The Wilson diplomacy and 
 its relation to world democracy and the Golden Rule. 
 International law to be made the highest law of the land. 
 A reorganization of the Avorld after a flexible, federal 
 State. 
 
 "Toward International Government," by J. A. Hobson. N. Y., 
 Macmillan, 1915. $1.00. Author aims to bring before the public a 
 rough outline which may be more or less speculative and in need of 
 reconstruction as time passes and conditions change. He believes that 
 it is of "paramount importance to try to get the largest number of 
 thoughtful people to form clear general ideas of better international 
 relations and to desire their attainment." 
 
 "Nationalism," Rabindranath Tagore, Macmillan. A plea that 
 Eastern and Western civilizations become mutually helpful rather than 
 exploiting. 
 
 Messages and addresses of President Wilson. 
 
 See also references under Study VIII, No. 2. 
 
 X. WAR FINANCE AND THE INCREASED BUR- 
 DEN OF LIVING 
 
 1. How the War Has Been Financed in Various Countries 
 
 Comparison of war debts with national wealth and of 
 annual interest charges with yearly wealth production. 
 Proportion of war expenses borne by present taxation and 
 
 29 
 
by mortgao-lng- the future through bonds and war loans. 
 The prospect of national bankruptcy. Possible repudiation 
 of war debts in some nations. Attitude of creditor nations 
 in such cases. 
 
 "Financing the War." American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science. Annals, V. 75, 1918. $1.00. Articles written by experts on 
 such subjects as the following: Task of Financing tlie War; Bor- 
 rowing by the Government ; Relationship Between Loans and Taxes ; 
 Do Government Loans Cause Inflation? Financial Experiences of Our 
 Allies. Any volume of the Annals may be purchased direct from the 
 publisher, American Academy of Political and Social Science. 36th and 
 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia Pa. 
 
 "The Social Aspect of War Taxes," by S. McC. Lindsay (in Survey, 
 V. 38, pp. 365-66, July 28, 1917). Discusses War Revenue act, quoting 
 opinions expressed by various authorities. 
 
 2. The Cost of Living: Should the Government Regulate 
 Price and Distribution of Goods in Peace as in War, 
 and How May Production Be Increased? 
 
 Smaller purchasing power of money. Diminished pro- 
 duction of food. How present spirit of economy and thrift 
 may be maintained. Profiteering in war and peace. 
 "Cornering" of food materials. Efifect of price regulation. 
 
 If the Government sets the maximum price, can it estab- 
 lish a minimum for farm products? Stabilizing of prices by 
 an expert commission wdiich advises proportion in crops to 
 be planted. Government control of storage and of dehy- 
 drating and canning establishments to carry over surplus 
 at fair price to lean years. Home gardens. The habit 
 encouraged by penalizing idle land about cities and towns. 
 The Women's Land Army experiment. 
 
 More economic methods of distributing coal, ice, bread, 
 milk, and other farm products. Municipal markets and dis- 
 tributing agencies. How far may profit and private control 
 be eliminated in commodities that aflect the nation's life and 
 health? The Federal Reserve Banks and the farmer. How 
 to increase, improve, and distribute the supply of farm labor. 
 
 "The Limits of Thrift" (in New Republic, V. 13, pp. 198-99, De- 
 cember 22, 1917). Shows that the spirit of thrift may defeat its own 
 
 30 
 
purpose if it has a financial application only. Conservation of labor 
 is as necessary as conservation of supplies, if a proper balance is to 
 be maintained. 
 
 "What the War Loan Means" (in Xezv Republic, V. 12, pp. 232-33, 
 September 29, 1917). Explains the responsibility of the individual, 
 rich and poor, toward defraying the expenses of the war. In this 
 article is embodied the idea of the war-saving societies. 
 
 "The World's Food." American Academy of Political and Social 
 Science. Annals, V. 74, 1917. $1.00. This volume contains articles 
 written by authorities covering every phase of the present food prob- 
 lem. They are listed under the following main headings : The World's 
 Food ; Food Utilization and Conservation ; Production and Marketing 
 Plans for Next Year; Price Control. 
 
 See also entries under Cooperation, Study VII, 5, and the British 
 Labor Report. 
 
 The following War Papers published by the Division of Intelli- 
 gence and Publicity of Columbia University will be found helpful : 
 "Mobolize the Country-Home Garden," by R. C.E.Brown (No. 3). 
 "City Gardens," by H. G. Parsons (No. 10). 
 "Rural Education in War," by W. H. Wilson (No. 12). 
 
 National Agricultural Society. Publications, 1917-18. 2 West 45th 
 Street, New York City. 
 
 "Soldiers of the Soil," by D. F. Houston (in National Geographic 
 Magadne, V. 31, pp. 273-79, March, 1917). 
 
 Literature on supplying and distributing farm labor, from the 
 Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Women's National Farm and Garden Association, 414 Madison 
 Avenue, New York, N. Y. Bulletin issued since January, 1918. 
 
 "The Woman's Land Army of America," by Ruth Dean (in New 
 Country Life, V. 33, pp. 44-45, March, 1918). Headquarters of the 
 Army are at 19 West 44th Street, New York, N. Y. It is likely that 
 publications may be had upon application. 
 
 3. Income, Inheritance, and Other Taxes 
 
 Problem of new taxes. Direct taxation compared with 
 
 indirect. How the distribution of taxes through protective 
 
 tariffs, higher prices, rents, and interest rates has kept the 
 
 people submissive under continued war burdens. The effect, 
 
 of increased direct taxation to pay for armaments and war 
 
 debts. Should land bear the burden of war taxation, since 
 
 those who have perpetuated the war traditions in Europe 
 
 are the landed aristocracy? "Single tax." 
 
 "Financing the War: The Proper Kinds of Taxation." American 
 Academy of Political and Social Science. Annals. V. 75, pp. 147-190, 
 
 31 
 
January, 1918. $1.00. Contents: Principles of Excess Profits Taxa- 
 tion; War Revenue Act of 1917; Liquidation Taxes; A Criticism of 
 the War Revenue Act of 1917. 
 
 "How to Finance the War," by E. R. A. Seligman and R. M. Haig. 
 Division of Intelligence and Publicity of Columbia University. War 
 Paper No. 7. Includes sections on : Loans versus Taxes ; Loans ; 
 Taxation ; The Property Tax ; The Inheritance Tax ; The Income Tax ; 
 Excess Profits Tax; Indirect Taxes. 
 
 "Why War?" F. C Howe. For notation see VIII, 1. Chapters on 
 taxation. 
 
 4. The Distribution of Surplus Wealth 
 
 The danger of immense aggregations of wealth in indi- 
 vidual hands. How to prevent it. "The surplus for the 
 common good." 
 
 "Distribution of Wealth and Income of the People of the United 
 States," by W. I. King. N. Y., Macmillan, 1917. $1.50. While this 
 whole study is of value, Chapter 4 will be found particularly helpful. 
 Its main heading, "The Distribution of Wealth Among Families," is 
 divided under three sub-headings: What distribution of wealth is best? 
 The existing distribution of wealth. Average wealth. 
 
 "Labor and the New Social Order" : A Report on Reconstruction 
 by the Sub-Committee of the British Labor Party. {New Republic, 
 February 16, 1918, Supplement.) "Surplus for the Common Good," 
 p. 11. From this source the British Labour Party aims to provide for 
 the necessary expenditures incident to community enrichment, public 
 provision for the sick and infirm, education of children, adolescents 
 and adults, and for the organization of public improvements of all kinds. 
 
 XI. THE NEW TASK OF ORGANIZED RELIGION 
 1. The Influence of War Upon Religion and the Church 
 
 Trench religion. Increase in fatalism and spiritualism. 
 Bitterness of non-combatants. The claim that religion has 
 become a kind of sublimated patriotism. What the Church 
 has done in the war. Absorption in the war and its efifect 
 on the churches. Will the Y. M. C. A. and kindred agen- 
 cies displace the Church in the thought of the soldier? The 
 kind of church that will hold the men returning from war. 
 How the Church may be adapted to its new tasks. 
 
 "Outlook for Religion," by W. E. Orchard. N. Y., Funk, 1917. 
 $1.50. An illuminating discussion of religion in England which is 
 fairly typical of religion in other Protestant countries. 
 
 32 
 
"Patriotism and Religion," by Shailer Mathewc. N. Y., Mac- 
 millan, 1918. $1.50. 
 
 "Religion and the World Issue," by J. E. McAfee (in Neiv Republic, 
 V. 12, pp. 71-73, August 18, 1917). Author states that religious con- 
 ceptions in America must undergo a fundamental change in order to 
 win over the apostles of the democratic ideal. 
 
 "Spiritism in England," by R. Mountsier (in The Bookman, V. 46, 
 pp. 513-22, January, 1918). 
 
 "The Cross at Neuve Chapelle," by Thomas Tiplady (in Atlantic 
 Monthly, V. 121, pp. 525-28, April, 1918). An insight into the religious 
 spirit animating the fighting men. 
 
 "Reconstruction of the Church, with Regard to Its Message and 
 Program," by P. M. Strayer. N. Y., Macmillan, 1915. $1.50. Part I. 
 Revised Message for the Church of Today ; Part II, The Church at 
 the Parting of the Ways ; Part III, Reconstructing the Program. 
 
 2. Cooperation of Churches in a Single Community 
 
 Denominationalism and the war. Practical unity in war 
 camps. The egotistic and monopoHstic claims of denomina- 
 tions. Over-churched communities. Lack of church cooper- 
 ation and its relation to any large constructive community 
 program. Church federation. Church union : is it desir- 
 able, and if so how may it be reached? Social service a call 
 to imityand the way. Development of the community rela- 
 tions of churches. 
 
 Bulletin, No. 23. Massachusetts Federation of Churches. 
 
 "Manual of Inter-church Work." Federal Council of the Churches 
 of Christ in America, 105 East 22nd Street, New York. N. Y. 1917. 
 60c. Contents : Comity ; Community Evangelism ; Home and Foreign 
 Missions ; Social Service ; ReHgious Education ; Religious Publicity ; 
 International Justice and Good Will; Principles and Methods of 
 Organization. 
 
 "Mobilizing the Churches for Community Service," by R. B. Guild 
 (in National Conference of Social Work Proceedings, 1917, pp. 485- 
 491). May be purchased in pamphlet form from Wm. T. Cross, 315 
 Plymouth Court, Chicago, Illinois, price 8c. Claims that the churches 
 are gradually losing their denominational standpoint and encouraging 
 the spirit of community service among their congregations. 
 
 "Spiritual Unity Through Sacrificial Suffering," bv C. S. Mac- 
 farland (in Survey, V. 39, pp. 357-59, December 29, 1917). 
 
 "What Every Church Should Know About Its Own Community." 
 Rewritten November, 1917, by S. M. Harrison and W. M. Tippy. 
 Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America, 105 East 22nd 
 Street, New York, N. Y. 10c. 
 
3. How May the Church Be Organized Nationally and 
 Internationally to Effect World Brotherhood? 
 
 The Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in 
 America. Its objects and methods of activity. The com- 
 mon task of the churches of the world. Principles and 
 program of the World Alliance for International Friend- 
 ship Through the Churches. Proposals of the American 
 Branch of the World Alliance. The place of religion in 
 the new world order. 
 
 "The Church and International Relations." Parts III and IV 
 prepared by S. L. Gulick and C. S. Macfarland. N. Y., Missionary- 
 Education Movement of the U. S. and Canada, 1917. Report of the 
 Commission on Peace and Arbitration of the Federal Council of the 
 Churches of Christ in America, published for the Council by the 
 Missionary Education Movement. 
 
 "New Era in Human History." World Alliance of Churches, 105 
 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. 
 
 "New Horizon of Church and State," by W. H. P. Faunce. N. Y., 
 Macmillan, 1918. 60c. "In this little book President Faunce envisages 
 the new problems which now confront the thinking Christian. What 
 are the correct ideals of conduct in the complexity of modern life? — 
 What attitude should the Christian take toward his own and other 
 nations? — What can each one do for the real Christianizing of the 
 world? — What can the Church do? For these and other like ques- 
 tions a comprehensive answer is proposed." 
 
 "Plan of Social Work." Federal Council of the Churches of 
 Christ in America, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, N. Y. 
 
 "Progress of Church Federation," by C. S. Macfarland. N. Y., 
 Revell, 1917. $1.00. Contents: Christian Cooperation, the Call of 
 the Age ; The Origin of the Federated Movement and the History 
 and Constitution of the Federal Council; The Federal Council as a 
 Clearing-house and as a Representative Body of the Evangelical 
 Churches ; Christian Cooperation in Unified Activities ; The Develop- 
 ment of Federation in Nation, State, City and Town ; Christian Cooper- 
 ation in Foreign Missions and International Relations; the Federal 
 Council in Time of National Emergency. 
 
 Publications. Church Peace Union, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York, 
 N. Y. 
 
 XII. THE NEW SPIRIT OF COOPERATION AND 
 
 SERVICE 
 
 1. Community Cooperation in Red Cross, Y. M. C. A., 
 Liberty Bond Campaign, and other War Activities 
 
 Campaigns for money. Amount raised. The new plan 
 
 34 
 
of meeting the needs of all philanthropies for the year in 
 one drive for ''War Chest" or "Patriotic and Community 
 Fund." Time given to such purposes. Cooperation in food 
 conservation, war gardens and the like. How the churches 
 have backed the Government and been used by the Gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 "An Overflowing War Chest," by D. K. Martin (in American City, 
 V. 18, pp. 205-7, March, 1918). 
 
 "Baltimore Underwriting a Blanket War Insurance Policy: How 
 the City Is Raising a Fund of $1,500,000 to Meet Normal Relief Needs" 
 (in American City, V. 16, p. 573, June, 1917). 
 
 Leaflets on War Service, published by the American Library Asso- 
 ciation, Washington, D. C. 
 
 "Peter Stood and Warmed Himself," by G. P. Atwater (in Atlantic 
 Monthly, V. 121, pp. 521-25, April, 1918). Written in contradiction of 
 a previous article entitled "Peter Sat by the Fire Warming Himself," 
 by J. H. Odeir. Mr. Atwater claims that in addition to supporting the 
 Government ably in every possible way since the United States entered 
 the war, the Church at home through the ideals and principles which 
 she has inculcated is largely responsible for the excellence of our 
 fighting force abroad. Both these articles are well worth reading. 
 The one by Mr. Odell appeared in the Atlantic Monthly for February, 
 1918. 
 
 "School Buildings as Coordinating places for the Civil Energies 
 of the War," by John Collier (in American City, V. 16, pp. 588-91. 
 June, 1917). An argument for neighborhood organization with the 
 school building as a center. 
 
 "War Time Measures of Economic Preparedness and Social Wel- 
 fare" (in American City, V. 16, pp. 463-514, May, 1917). Shows how 
 various cities in the United States responded to their country's call 
 as soon as war was declared. 
 
 2. Health and Recreation, Poverty and Vice, as Proved by 
 War, Are a Social Concern 
 
 The war a school in social problems and social coopera- 
 tion on a gigantic scale. What the Government is now 
 doing. The comparative strength of military necessity and 
 social responsibility as motives in war and peace. Can pub- 
 lic spirit and religious feeling do as much for us as fear does 
 in time of war? Are we under less obligation to ht men 
 to live than to fit them to fight? How society may per- 
 
 35 
 
form its duty to the handicapped, the vicious, the poor. 
 Increase of salaried officers of health. 
 
 "Health in Peace and War," by C. E. A. Winslow (in National 
 Conference of Social Work Proceedings, 1917, pp. 169-173). May be 
 purchased in pamphlet form from Wm. T. Cross, 315 Plymouth Court. 
 Chicago, III. 10c. 
 
 "Health of Soldier and Citizen," by Gertrude Seymour (in Survey, 
 V. 39, pp. 227-2)2, December 1, 1917). Describes disease-ravaged sec- 
 tions of Europe, resulting from the war. 
 
 "How to Live ; Rules for Healthful Living Based on Modern 
 Science," by Irving Fisher and E. L. Fisk. N. Y., Funk, 1917. $1.00. 
 Paper, 50c. 
 
 "Public Health as a Social Movement," by Irving Fisher (in 
 National Conference of Social Work Proceedings, 1917, pp. 183-192). 
 Stresses the urgent necessity for conservation, while the destruction 
 of human life rages about us. Contains some suggestions on per- 
 sonal hygiene. 
 
 Publications of the Council of National Defense, Washington, D. C. 
 
 Publications of the Sanitary Section of the American Red Cross, 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 3. Social Cooperation in Peace as in War 
 
 The tasks of peace compared with the task of war. The 
 agencies at work in local communities and nation. Need for 
 cooperation. The government as a social service agency. 
 The new place of the Church in this cooperation. 
 
 "Community Center : What It Is and How to Organize It." by 
 H. E. Jackson. N. Y., Macmillan, 1918. $1.00. In an illuminating 
 preface the author speaks of the desire of all thoughtful men and 
 women to contribute their small part toward the great work of recon- 
 struction. He believes that if each community will cooperate and 
 organize according to its peculiar needs the problem as it affects the 
 country as a whole will be much nearer solution. He tenders this little 
 book of practical suggestion. 
 
 "Fear God in Your Own Village," by Richard Morse. N. Y., Holt, 
 1918. $1.30. The personal experience of one man who, in five years, 
 inspired a feeling of social cooperation and universal brotherhood 
 among the people of his parish, is an interesting example of what 
 the Church may accomplish in the way of social uplift. 
 
 "The National Conference of Social Work," by A. P. Kellogg (in 
 Survey, V. 38, pp. 253-58. June 16, 1917). Summary of papers read 
 and speeches made at the Conference held in Pittsburgh, 1917. A most 
 helpful article. 
 
 "Our Schools in War Time— And After," by A. D. Dean. Boston. 
 Ginn, 1918. $1.25. Describes the place held by the schools during the 
 
 Z6 
 
war and in the program for the future. The following should prove 
 to be of particular interest : Chapter 2, War and Community Uses of 
 Our Schools ; Chapter 8, Red Cross and Other Community Work ; 
 Chapter 9, Reeducation of the Disabled ; Chapter 12, Summarized Pro- 
 gram of Action. 
 
 "War Time Task of Every Church Community." Federal Coun- 
 cil, 105 East 22nd Street, New York City, N. Y. 10c. 
 
 4. The Further Development of the Spirit of Sacrifice and 
 Service 
 
 How the money poured out for war purposes may be 
 made available for community service in peace. Training 
 ni giving- a social and civic duty as well as religious. Young 
 men volunteering or drafted for great national enterprises 
 as now for military training in Europe, or "the moral equiva- 
 lent of war." Service, not power, the organizing principle 
 of society. 
 
 "The Christian in War Time," by F. H. Lynch and others. N. Y., 
 Revell, 1917. SOc. 
 
 "The Duty of Christ's Church Today," by Lyman Abbott (in 
 Outlook, V. 116, pp. 13-15, May 2, 1917). In stirring words, the churches 
 of the United States are asked to lead their people toward the true 
 ideal of Christianity — service to those weaker or more helpless than 
 themselves. 
 
 "Love for the Battle-torn Peoples," by J. L. Jones. Chicago, Unity 
 Pub. Co., 1916. 75c. Written before the entry of the United States 
 into the war, this book presents an anti-war viewpoint. Takes the 
 warring nations one by one, discussing their merits, quite apart from 
 the war, with the hope of future unity expressed. In the first chapter 
 the author pleads that the principles of love and tenderness rather 
 than those of power and might may prevail. The two final chapters 
 urge the increase of brotherhood between all peoples, with a particular 
 call to America because of her unusual opportunities. 
 
 "Moral Equivalent of War," by William James. American Assn. 
 for International Conciliation, 1910. Although believing that war is 
 evil, author states that at the time of writing "war has been the only 
 force that can discipline a whole community, and, until a better disci- 
 pline is organized, war must have its way." An equivalent is sug- 
 gested, in this illuminating pamphlet, by which the young men of a 
 nation may be conscripted for other than military service. 
 
 "Social Scientist's Bit," by R. L. Finney (in American Journal of 
 Sociology, V. 23, pp. 754-62, May, 1918). An urgent plea to all workers 
 along sociological lines to prepare the way for reconstruction, in order 
 that a victory of arms may be the signal for the re-birth of social 
 justice. 
 
 37 
 
XIII. THE GOAL OF CIVILIZATION 
 
 L Equal Opportunity for Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of 
 Happiness 
 
 Measures for making a more abundant life for all peo- 
 ple : (a) Conservation of life, (b) Survival of the unfit, 
 (c) Social protection for the handicapped, (d) The con- 
 trol and elimination of poverty, disease, vice, and crime, 
 (e) Wider distribution of work and of ownership ; all work- 
 ers, and all owners, (f) Education for all the people. 
 
 "Labor and the New Social Order." Report on Reconstruction by 
 the Sub-committee of the British Labour Party (in New Republic, 
 February 16, 1918, Supplement). 5c. For Annotations, see Study VII, 
 3 ; Section X, 4. 
 
 "Poverty and Social Progress," by Maurice Parmelee. N. Y., 
 Macmillan, 1917. $1.75. Part III, Remedial and Preventive Measures. 
 Contents: Modern Humanitarian Movement; Nature of Philanthropy; 
 Private and Public Philanthropy ; Dependents and Defectives ; Eugenic 
 Measures and the Improvement of the Human Breed ; Question of 
 Thrift; Social Insurance and Pensions; Problem of the Prevention of 
 Poverty ; Raising of Wages and the Regulation of the Labor Supply ; 
 Redistribution of Income from Ownership of Property ; Productive- 
 ness of Society ; Industrial Democracy ; Political Reorganization and 
 the Democratic State ; Social Progress and the Coming of the Normal 
 Life. 
 
 "What Is Being Done to Promote the Principles of Universal 
 Brotherhood in Communities?" by S. AL Harrison. Russell Sage 
 Foundation. Department of Surveys and Exhibits. Publication No. 
 27, April, 1918. 10c. 
 
 2. New Aristocracy of Service 
 
 A new standard of greatness : "He that would be great 
 among you let him be your servant." — Jesus. Standard 
 already accepted in part in some professions — see teacher, 
 minister, physician, artist, soldier. Busthess in its begin- 
 nings an exchange of service. Business today a complex 
 organization for social service. Service the law of busi- 
 ness ; to be made the measure of success rather than money 
 accumulated. All life successful and honorable according 
 to service rendered. The passion for humanity to displace 
 the passion of greed and the desire for personal success. 
 
 38 
 
"Christian Life in the Modern World," by F. G. Peabody, N. Y., 
 Macmillan, 1914. $1,25. Contents: The Practicability of the Chris- 
 tian Life; The Christian Life and the Modern Family; The Christian 
 Life and the Modern Business World ; The Christian Life and the 
 Making of Money ; The Christian Life and the Uses of Money ; The 
 Christian Life and the Modern State; The Christian Life and the 
 Christian Church. 
 
 "Christian Service and the Modern World," by C. S. Macfarland. 
 N. Y., Revell, 1915. 75c. 
 
 "Reconstruction of the Church," by P. M. Strayer. N. Y., Mac- 
 millan, 1915. $1.50. Part L Chapter II, Spiritual Possibilities of 
 Business Life; Chapter IV, How to Christianize a Competitive World. 
 
 3. Universal Peace and Good Will 
 
 Intensified sense of solidarity. The world a neighbor- 
 hood, to be made a brotherhood. Brotherhood international 
 and interraciaL Good will as the basis of enduring peace. 
 The necessary foundation of the organized brotherhood of 
 man in measures of justice and righteousness between the 
 nations. What civilization could achieve for development 
 of humanity without fear of war. 
 
 "The Fight for Peace," by S. L. Gulick. N. Y., Revell, 1915. Cloth, 
 50c; paper, 30c. For annotation see Study IX, 3. 
 
 "Forks of the Road," by Washington Gladden. N. Y., Macmillan, 
 1916. 50c. Shows that the evil in the world that precipitated the 
 Great War is a result of the violation of fundamental principles govern- 
 ing human society. Accuses the Church of failing in its duty of teaching 
 men the way to live in harmony and Christian brotherhood. Points 
 toward a changed order. 
 
 4. The Kingdom of God 
 
 The reign of God on earth. A new social order in which 
 God's will is done. How to know God's will. Sources past 
 and present. All religion to be made ethical. The coopera- 
 tion of man with God in making a new world. 
 
 "Christianitv and the Social Crisis," by Walter Rauschenbusch. 
 N. Y., Macmillan, 1907. $1.50. Author traces Christianity back to 
 the days of the Hebrew prophets. Although written some years ago. 
 his teachings as expressed in this book are applicable to the needs of 
 the present day. 
 
 "Dare We Be Christians?" by Walter Rauschenbusch. Boston, 
 Pilgrim Press, 1914. 35c. 
 
 "Religion: Its Prophets and False Prophets," by J. B. Thomas. 
 N. Y., Macmillan, 1918. $1.50. Gives the historic development of the 
 idea of the Kingdom of God from the Old Testament to the present 
 time. 
 
 39 
 
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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