Group XII. No. 246 Price 10 cents P'J"" /il iinii?trtn *Coov 1 [] ATHI/BTIC I/IBRARY IS^ew «^B « JkTHLETIC TRAINING for SCHOOL J ■■Hl /p^HH sin 1 1 v^--J»-^ -^ ^ i ■''' Geo.W.Orton Ajsr£i^icA2v^ Sports Publishing Co. „„.7iiiii,, 2 1 Wa rr en Street, NcM^YorK (j;""'"iiii 'Iikiikii A.Gi.SRALDIN^ &B;R0S.] ;: ^^^ I4AINTAIN THEIR OWN HOUSES '''"X?/ V •'•■V ^_ FOR DISTRIBUTING THE ^:^ ^■^ COMPLETE LINE OF -^ J . Athletic Goods :;»-.,.. ;;v IN THE FOLLOWING CITIES - ;:r;^;^^;<' NEW YORK 24^128 Nassau St^ 29-33 West 42d St SAIV FRANCISCO J 56- 158 Geary St MINNEAPOLIS, MINN 39 Sixth St.. South ST PAUr., MINN. 386 Minnesota St DENVER, COL. 1616 Arapahoe St LOS ANGELES, CAL 435 South Spring St SEATTLE, WASH 711 Second Ave NEW ORLEANS, LA 140Carondelet St ATLANTA. GA. - 74 N. Rroad Street DALLAS, TEX. 355 Commerce St ^ ^. ^^ _ "TORONTO, ONT. lONDON, EN6XaN1> i89 Yonge St Three Store* West End Branch : (^78, Cheapside 29, Haymarket. S. EDINBURGH, SCOT 57, New Street 3 South Charlotte St. ^cor. Princes St.) SYDNEY. AUSTRALIA. 228 Clarence St. BIclitlons directed to A. G. SPALDING & BROS., at any of the above addresses, will receive prompt attention NEWARK, N. J. 845 Broad Street BOSTON, MASS. 141 Federal Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. 210 Chestnut Street PITTSBURG, PA. 439 Wood Street BUFFALO, N. Y. 611 Main Street SYRACUSE, N. Y. University Block BALTIMORE, MD. 208 East Baltimore St. WASHINGTON, D. C. 709 14th St., N.W. MONTREAL, P. Q. 443 St. James St. 317-318, Holbom, W. C. BIRMINGHAM, ENG. CHICAGO 147-149 Wabash Ave. ST. LOUIS, MO. 415 North Seventh St. KANSAS CITY. MO. 1120 Grand Ave. CINCINNATI, O. 119 East Fifth St. CLEVELAND, O. 741 Euclid Ave. COLUMBUS, O. 191 South High St. DETROIT, MICH. 254 Woodward Ave. MILWAUKEE, WIS. 379 East Water St. INDIANAPOLIS, IND. 211 Massachusetts Ave. LOUISVILLE, KY. 328 West Jefferson St. THE SPALDING TRADE MARK IS REGISTERED IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, ALSO IN 27 FOREIGN COUNTRIES. INFRINGERS ARE WARNED. THE SP4LDING TRADE-MARK IS THE FOUNDATIOIN OF THE SPALDING BUSINESS Spalding's Athletic Library Anticipating the present ten- dency of the American people toward a healthful method of living and enjoyment, Spalding's Athletic Library was established in 1892 for the purpose of encouraging ath- letics in every form, not only by publishing the official rules and records pertaining to the various pastimes, but also by instructing, until to-day Spalding's Athletic Library is unique in its own par- ticular field and has been conceded the greatest educational series on athletic and physical training sub- jects that has ever been compiled. The publication of a distinct Beries of books devoted to athletic sports and pastimes and designed to occupy the premier place in America in Its class was an early idea of Mr. A. G. Spalding, who was one of the first in America to publish a handbook devoted to athletic sports, Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide being the initial number, which was followed at intervals with other handbooks on the sports prominent in the '70s. Spalding's Athletic Library has had the advice and counsel of Mr. A. G. Spalding in all of its undertakings, and particularly in all books devoted to the national game. This applies especially to Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide and Spalding's Official Base Ball Record, both of which receive the personal attention of Mr, A. G. Spalding, owing to his early connection with the game as the leading pitcher of the champion Boston and Chicago teams of 1872-76. His interest does not stop, however, with matters pertaining to base ball; there is not a sport that Mr. Spalding does not make it his business to become fnmiliar with, and that the Library wi?l always maintain its premier place, with Mr. Spalding's able counsel at hand, goes without saying. The entire series since the issue of the first number has been under the direct personal supervision of Mr, James E. Sullivan, President of the American Sports Publishing Company, and the total series of consecutive numbers reach an aggregate of considerably over three hundred, included in which are many "annuals," that really constitute the history of their particular sport in America year by year, back copies = of which are even now eagerly sought for, constituting as they do the Ib^lly first authentic records of events and official rules that have ever be^h consecutively compiled. When Spalding's Athletic Library was founded, seventeen years ago, track aii^ field athletics were practically unknown outside the larger colleges and a few athletic clubs in the leading cities, which gave occa- sional meets, when an entry list of 250 competitors was a subject of coni- ment; golf was known only by a comparatively few persons; lawn tennis Jiad some vogue and base ball was practically the only established field A. G. Spalding EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY sport, and that in a professional way; basket ball had just been invented; athletics for the schoolboy — and schoolgirl— were almost unknown, and an advocate of class contests in athletics in the schools could not get a hearing. To-day we find the greatest body of athletes in the world is the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, which has had an entry list at its annual games of over two thousand, and in whose "elementary series" in base ball last year 106 schools competed for the trophy emblematic of the championship. While Spalding's Athletic Library cannot claim that the rapid growth of athletics in this country is due to it solely, the fact cannot be denied that the books have had a great deal to do with its encouragement, by printing the crfRcial rules and instructions for plajdng the various games at a nominal price, within the reach of everyone, with the sole object that its series might be complete and the one place where a person could look with absolute certainty for the particular book in which he might be Interested. In selecting the editors and writers for the various books, the lead- ing authority in his particular line has been obtained, with the resuU that no collection of books on athletic subjects can compare with Spalding's Athletic Library for the prominence of the various authors and their ability to present their subjects in a thorough and practical manner. A short sketch of a few of those who have edited some of the lead- ing numbers of Spalding's Athletic Library ii given herewith : JAMES E. SULLIVAN President American Sports Publishing Com- Eany; entered the publishing house of Frank leslie in 1878, and has been connected continu- ously with the publishing business since then and also as athletic editor of various New York papers; was a competing athlete; one of the organizers of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States; has been actively on ite board of governors since its organization until the present time, and President for two suc- cessive terms; has attended every champion- ship meeting In America since 1879 and has officiated in some capacity in connection with American amateur championships track and field games for nearly twenty- five years; assistant American director Olympic Games^ Paris, 1900; director Pan-American Exposition athletic department, 1901} chief department physical culture Louisiana Purchase Exposition, St. Louis, 1904; secretary American Committee Olympic Games, at Athens, 1906; honorarydirectorof Athletics at Jamestown Exposition, 1907; secre- tary American Committee Olympic Games, at London, 1908; member of the Pastime A. C, New York: honorary member Missouri A. C, St. Louisj honorary member Olympic A. C, San Francisco; ex-president Pastime A. C, New Jersey A. C, Knickerbocker A. C; president Metropolitan Association of the A. A. U. for fifteen years; president Outdoor Recrea- tion League; with Dr. Luther H. Gulick organized the Public Schools Athletic League of New York, and is now chairman of its games commit- tee and member executive committee; was a pioneer in playground work and one of the organizers of the Outdoor Recreation League of New York; appointed by President Roosevelt as special commissioner to the Olympic Games at Athens, 1906, and decorated by King George I. of the Hellenes (Greece) for his services in connection with the Olympic Games; ap- pointed special commissioner by President Roosevelt to the Olympic Games at London, 1908; appointed by Mayor McClellan, 1908, as membe* »f the Board of Education of Greater New York. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY WALTER CAMP For quarter of a century Mr. Walter Camp of Yale has occupied a leading position in col- lege athletics. It is immaterial what organiza- tion is suggested for college athletics, or for the betterment of conditions, insofar as college athletics is concerned, Mr. Camp has always played an important part in its conferences, and the great interest in and high plane of college sport to-day, are undoubtedly due more to Mr. Camp than to any other individual. Mr, Camp has probably written more on college athletics than any other writer and the leading papers and maga- zines of America are always anxious to secure his expert opinion on foot ball, track and field athletics, base ball and rowing. Mr. Camp has grown up with Yale athletics and is a part of Yale's remarkable athletic system. While he has been designated as the "Father of Foot Ball," it is a well known fact that during his college career Mr. Camp was regarded as one of the best players that ever represented Yale on the base ball field, so when we hear of Walter Camp as a foot ball expert we must also remem- ber his remarkable knowledge of the game of base ball, of which he is a great admirer. Mr. Camp has edited Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide since it was first published, and also the Spalding Athletic Library book on How to Play Foot Ball. There is certainly no man in American college life better qualified to write for Spalding's Athletic Library than Mr,, Camp. DR. LUTHER HALSEY GULICK The leading exponent of physical traininaf in America; one who has worked hard to im- press the value of physical training in the schools; when physical training was combined with education at the St. Louis Exposition in 1904 Dr. Gulick played an important part in that congress; he received several awards for his good work and had many honors conferred upon him; he is the author of a great many books on the subject; it was Dr. Gulick, who, acting on the suggestion of James E. Sullivan, organized the Public Schools Athletic League of Greater New York, and was its first Secretary; Dr. Gulick was also for several years Director of Physical Training in the public schools of Greater New York, resigning the position to assume the Presidency of the Playgrround Association of America. Dr. Gulick is an authority on all subjects pertaining to phys- ical training and the study of the child. JOHN B. FOSTER Successor to the late Henry Chadwick ("Father of Base Ball") as editor of Spald- ing's Official Base Ball Guide; sporting editor of the New York Evening Telegram; has been in the newspaper business for many years and is recognized throughout America as a leading writer on the national game; a staunch supporter of organized base ball, his pen has always been used for the better- ment of the game. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY TIM MURNANE Base Ball editor of the Boston Globe and President of the New England League of Base Ball Clubs; one of the best known base ball men of the country; known from coast to coast; is a keen follower of the game and prominent in all its councils; nearly half a century ago was one of America's foremost players: knows the game thoroughly and writes from the point of view both of pUxyer and an official. HARRY PHILIP BURCHELL Sporting editor of the New York Times: graduate of the University of Pennsylvania: editor of Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual; is an authority on the game; follows the movements of the players minutely and understands not only tennis but all other sub- jects that can be classed as athletics; no one is better qualified to edit this book than Mr. Burchell. GEORGE T. HEPBRON Former Young Men's Christian Association director; for many years an official of the Athletic League of Young Men's Christian Associations of North America ; was con- nected with Dr. Luther H. Gulick in Young Men'3 Christian Association work for over twelve years; became identified with basket ball when it was in its infancy and has fol- lowed it since, being recognized as the lead- ing exponent of the official rules; succeeded Dr. Gulick as editor of the Official Basket Ball Guide and also editor of the Spalding Athletic Library book on How tc Play Basket Ball JAMES S. MITGHEL Former champion weight thrower; holder of numerous records, and is the winner of more championships than any other individual in the history of sport ; Mr. Mitchel is a close student of athletics and well qualified to write upon any topic connected with athletic sport ; has been for years on the staff of the New York Sun, EDITORS OF SPALDrNG'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY MICHAEL C. MURPHY The world's most famous athletic trainerj the champion athletes that he has developed for track and field sports, foot ball and base ball fields, would run into thousands; he became famous when at Yale University and has been particularly successful in developing what might be termed championship teams; his rare good judgment has placed him in an enviable position in the athletic world; now with the University of Pennsylvania ; dur- ing his career has trained only at two col- leges and one athletic club, Yale and the University of Pennsylvania and Detroit Athletic Club; his most recent triumph was that of training the famous American team of athletes that swept the field at the Olympic Games of 1908 at London. DR. C. WARD CRAMPTON Succeeded Dr. Gulick as director of physical training in the schools of Greater New York: as secretary of the Public Schools Athletic League is at the head of the most remarkable organization of its kind in the world; is a practical athlete and gymnast himself, and has been for years connected vnth the physi- cal training system in the schools of Greater New York, having had charge of the High School of Commerce. DR. GEORGE J. FISHER Has been connected with Y. M. C. A. work for many years as physical director at Cincin- nati and Brooklyn, where he made such a high reputation as organizer that he was chosen to succeed Dr, Luther H. Gulick as Secretary of the Athletic League of Y. M. C. A.'s of North America, when the latter resigned to take charge of the physical training in the Public Schools of Greater New York. DR. GEORGE ORTON On athletics, college athletics, particularly track and field, foot ball, soccer foot ball, and training of the youth, it would be hard to find one better qualified than Dr. Orton; has had the necessary athletic experience and the ability to impart that experience intelligently to the youth of the land; for years was the American, British and Canadian champion runner. EDITORS OF SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY FREDERICK R. TOOMBS A well known authority on skating, rowing, boxing-, racquets, and other athletic sports; was sporting editor of American Press Asso- ciation, New York; dramatic editor; is a law- yer and has served several terms as a member of Assembly of the Legislature of the State of New York; has written several novels and historical works. R. L. WELCH A resident of Chicago; the popularity of Indoor base ball is chiefly due to his efforts; a player himself of no mean ability; a first- class organizer; he has followed the game of indoor base ball from its inception. DR. HENRY S. ANDERSON Has been connected with Yale University for years and is a recognized authority on gymnastics; is admitted to be one of the lead- ing authorities in America on gymnastic sub- jects; is the author of many books on physical training. CHARLES M. DANIELS Just the man to write an authoritative book on swimming; the fastest swimmer the world has ever known; member New York Athletic Club swimming team and an Olym- pic champion at Athens in 1906 and London, 1908. In his book on Swimming, Champion Daniels describes just the methods one must use to become an expert swimmer. GUSTAVE BOJUS Mr. Bojus is most thoroughly qualified to write intelligently on all subjects pertaining to gymnastics and athletics; in his day one of America's most famous amateur athletes; has competed successfully in gymnastics and many other sports for the New York Turn Verein; for twenty years he has been prom- inent in teaching gymnastics and athletics; was responsible for the famous gymnastic championship teams of Columbia University; now with the Jersev City high schoola. EDITORS OF SPALDING' S ATHLETIC LIBRARY CHARLES JACOBUS Admitted to be the "Father of Roque;" one of America's most expert players, win- ning' the Olympic Championship at St. Louis in 1904; an ardent supporter of the game and follows it minutely, and much of the success of roque is due to his untiring efforts; certainly there is no one better qualified to write on this subject than Mr. Jacobus. DR. E. B. WARMAN Well known as a physical training expert; was probably one of the first to enter the field and is the author of many books on the sub- ject; lectures extensively each year all over the country. W. J. CROMIE Now with the University of Pennsylvania; was formerly a Y. M. C. A. physical director; a keen student of all gymnastic matters; the author of many books on subjects pertaining to physical training. G. M. MARTIN By profession a physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association; a close student of all things gymnastic, and games for the classes in the gymnasium or clubs. PROF. SENAC A leader in the fencing world ; has main- tained a fencing school in New York for years and developed a great many cham- pions ; understands the science of fencing thoroughly and the benefits to be derived ♦herefrom. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Q Giving the Titles of all Spalding Athletic Library Books now >->. ;) in print, grouped for ready reference f _ -^J No. 1 No. lA No. 2 No 2A No. 3 No. 4 No. 5 No, 6 No. 7 No. 8 No. 9 No. lO No. 12 SPALDING OFFICIAL ANNUALS Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide Spalding's Official Base Ball Record Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Bali Guide Spalding's Official Cricket Guide Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis Annual Spalding's Official Golf Guide Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide Spalding's Official Bowling Guide Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac croop I. Base Bail No. 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide. No. lA Official Base Ball Record. No. 202 How to Play Base Ball. No. 223 How to Bat. No. 232 How to Run Bases. No. 230 How to Pitch. No. 229 How to Catch. No. 225 How to Play First Base. No. 226 How to Play Second Base. No. 227 How to Play Third Base, No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. How to Organize a Base Ball Club. [League. How to Organize a Base Ball How to Manage a Base Ball Club. How toTrain aBaseBallTeam How to Captain a Base Ball How to Umpire a Game. [Team Technical Base Ball Terms. Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. BASE BALL AUXILIARIES No. 319 Minor League Base Ball Guide No. 320 Official Book National League of Prof. Base Ball Clubs. No. 321 Official Handbook National Playground Ball Assn. No. 231. No. 219 II. No. Foot Ball Official Foot Ball Spalding'; Guide. Code of the Foot Ball Rules. How to Play Foot Ball. Spalding's Official Soccer Foot Ball Guide. No. 286 How to Play Soccer. No. 334 No. 324 No. 2a FOOT BALL AUXILIARY No. 332 Spalding's Official Canadian Foot Ball Guide. No. 335 Spalding's Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. Group III. cricket No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. Group IV. Lawn Tennis No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Ten- nis Annual. No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn Tennis. Group V. Golf No. 5 Spalding's Official GolfGuide No. 276 How to Play Golf. Group VI. Hockey No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey Guide. No. 304 How to Play Ice Hockey. No. 154 Field Hockey. (Lawn Hockey. No. 188 < Parlor Hockey, (Garden Hockey. No. 180 Ring Hockey. HOCKEY AUXILIARY. No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario Hockey Association. Group VII. Basket Ball No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket Ball Guide. No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. No, 318 Basket Ball Guide for Women. BASKET BALL AUXILIARY No. 323 Official Collegiate Basket Ball Handbook. ANY OF THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 1 CENTS SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY (iroup VIII. Bowling No. 8 Spalding^s Official Bowling Guide. Group IX. indoor Base Ball No. 9 Spalding's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide. Group X. Poio No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. No. 129 Water Polo. No. 199 Equestrian Polo. Group XI. Miscellaneous Games No. 201 Lacrosse. No. 322 Official Handbook U. S. Inter- collegiate Lacrosse League. No. 248 Archery. No. 138 Croquet. No. 271 Roque. (Racquets. No. 194 < Squash-Racquets. (Court Tennis. No. 13 Hand Ball. No. 167 Quoits. No. 170 Push Ball. No. 14 Curling. No. 207 Lawn Bowls. No. 188 Lawn Games. No. 189 Children's Games. Group XII. Aihletlcs No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. No. 27 College Athletics. No. 182 All Around Athletics. No. 156 Athletes' Guide. No. 87 Athletic Primer. No. 273 Olympic GamesatAthens,1906 No. 252 How to Sprint. No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174 Distance and Cross Country Running. [Thrower. No. 259 How to Become a Weight No. 5^ Official Sporting Rules, [boys. No. 246 Athletic Training for School- No. 317 Marathon Running. No. 331 Schoolyard Athletics. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES No. 311 Amateur Athletic Union Offi- cial Handbook. [book. No. 316 Intercollegiate Official Hand- No. 302 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. No. 313 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 314 Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook — Girls' Branch. No. 308 Official Handbook New York Interscholastic Athletic Association. Group XIII. AthieUc Accompilshnieiirs No. 177 How to Swim. No. 296 Speed Swimming. No. 128 How to Row. No. 209 How to Become a Skater. No. 178 How to Train for Bicyclinjr. No. 23 Canoeing. No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. Group XIV. Manly Sporn No. 18 Fencing. (ByBreck.) No. 162 Boxing. No. 165 Fencing. ( By Senac.) No. 140 Wrestling. No. 236 How to Wrestle. No. 102 Ground Tumbling. No. 233 Jiu Jitsu. No. 166 How to Swing Indian Clubs. No. 200 Dumb Bell Exercises. No. 143 Indian Clubs and Dumb Belli. No. 262 Medicine Ball Exercises. No. 29 Pulley Weight Exercises. No. 191 How to Punch the Bag. No. 289 Tumbling for Amateurs. No. 326 Professional Wrestling. Group XV. GymnasMci No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- cises. [Dumb Bell DrillSo No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gym- nastic Games. No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. No. 287 Fancy Dumb Bell and March- ing Drills. [Apparatus. No. 327 Pyramid Building Without No. 328 Exercises on the Parallel Bars.; No. 329 Pyramid Building with Wands, Chairs and Ladders GYMNASTIC AUXILIARY No. 333 Official Handbook I. C. A. Ao Gymnasts of America. Group XVI. Physical culture No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for Busy Men. [giene. No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- No. 149 Scientific Physical Training and Care of the Body. No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. No. 185 Hints on Health. No. 213 285 Health Answers. No. 238 Muscle Building. [ningo No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- No. 261 Tensing Exercises, [nasties. No. 285 Health by Muscular Gym- No. 288 Indigestion Treated by Gym= No. 290 Get Well : Keep Well, [nasties. No. 325 Twenty-Minute Exercises. No. 330 Physical Training for the School and Class Room. ANY Of THE ABOVE BOOKS MAILED POSTPAID UPON RECEIPT OF 10 CENTS SPALDING ATHLEinC LIBRARY Group I. Base Ball No. 1— Spaiains's Offlcial Base Ball Guide. The leading Base Ball annual of the country, and the official authority of the game. Contains the official playing rules, with an explanatory index of the rules compiled by Mr. A. G. Spalding; pictures of all the teams in the National. American and minor leagues ; re- views of the season; college Base Ball, and a great deal of interesting in- formation. Price 10 cents. No. lA — Spaldingr's Official Base Ball Record. Something new in Base Ball. Con- tains records of all kinds from the be- firinning of the National League and official averages of all professional or- ganizations for past season. Illustrated with pictures of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents. No. 202— How to Plar Bane Ball. Edited by Tim Murnane. New and revised edition. Illustrated with pic- tures showing how all the various curves and drops are thrown and por- traits of leading players. Price 10 cents. No. 223— How to Bat. There is no better way of becoming a proficient batter than by reading this book and practising the directions. Numerous illustrations. Price 10 cents. No. 232— How to Run the Bases. This book gives clear and concise directions for excelling as a base run- ner; tells when to run and when not to do so; how and when to slide; team work on the bases; in fact, every point of the game is thoroughly explained. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 230— How to Pitcli. A new, up-to-date book. Its contents are the practical teaching of men who have reached the top as pitchers, and who know how to impart a knowledge of their art. All the big leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 cents. IVo. 229— How to Catcb. Every boy who has hopes of being a clever catcher should read how well- known players cover their position. Pictures of all the noted catchers in the big leagnies. Price 10 cents. \o. 22K— How to Play First Base. Illustrated with pictures of all the prominent first basemen. Price 10 cents. No. 226— How to Play Second Base. The ideas of the best second basemen have been incorporated in this book for the especial benefit of boys who want to know the fine points of play at this point of the diamond. Price 10 cents. No. 227— How to Play Third Base. Third base is, in some respects, the most important of the infield. All the points explained. Price 10 cents. No. 228— How to Play Short- stop. Shortstop is one of the hardest posi- tions on the infield to fill, and quick thought and quick action are necessary for a player who expects to make good as a shortstop. Illus. Price 10 cents. No. 224— How to Play the Outfield. An invaluable guide for the out- fielder. Price 10 cents. IVo. 231— How to Coach; Ho-w to Captain a Team; Ho^r to Manaj^e a Team; Hotv to Umpire; How to Or- sraniv^e a League; Tech- nical Terms of Base Ball. A useful guide. Price 10 cents. No 219— Ready Reckoner of Base Ball Percentages. To supply a demand for a book wh ich would show the percentage of clubs without recourse to thearduous work of figuring, the publishers had these tables compiled by an expert. Price 10 cents. BASE] BALI, AUXILIARIES. No. 310— Minor Len^ne Base Ball Guide. The minors' OAvn guide. Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of the New England League. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 330— Official Handbook of tlie National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs. Contains the Constitution, By-Laws, Official Rules, Averages, and schedule of the National League for the current year, together with list of club officers and reports of the annual meetings of the League. Price 10 cents. \o. 321_Official Handbook National Playground Ball Association. This game is specially adapted for playgrounds, parks, etc., is spreading rapidly. The book contains a descrip- tion of the game, rules and list of officers. Price 10 cents. Group 11. Foot Ball No. 2— Spalding's Official Foot Ball Guide. Edited by Walter Camp. [Contains the new rules, with diagram of field; All- America teams as selected by the leading authorities; reviews of the game from various sections of the country; scores; pictures. I Price 10 cents. No. 334--Code of the Foot Ball Rules. This book is meant for the use of officials, to help them to refresh their memories before a game and to afford them a quick means of ascertaining a point during a game. It also gives a ready means of finding a rule in the Official Rule Book, and is of great help to a player in studying the Rules. Compiled by C.W. Short, Harvard, 1908. Price 10 cents. No. 324— How to Play Foot Ball. Edited by Walter Camp, of Yale, Everything that a beginner wants to know and many points that an expert will be glad to learn. Snapshots of leading teams and players in action, with comments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. No. 2A— Spalding's Official Association Soccer Foot Ball Guide. A complete and up-to-| date guide to the "'Soccer" game in the United States, containing instructions for I playing the game, official! rules, and interesting news from all parts of the country. Illustrated. Price I 10 cents. No. 28G— How to Play Soc- cer. How each position should be played, written by the best player in England in his respective position, and illus- trated with full-page photographs of players in action. Price 10 cents. FOOT BALL AUXILIARIES. No. 33 2— Spalding's Official Canadian Guide. Foot Ball The official book of the game in Can- ada. Price 10 cents. No. 335— Spalding's Official Rugby Foot Ball Guide. Contains the official rules under which the game is played in England and by the California schools and col- leges. Also instructions for playing the various positions on a team. Illus- trated with action pictures of leading teams and players. Price 10 cents. Group III. Cricket No. 3— Spalding's Official Cricket Guide. The most complete year book of the game that has ever been published in America. Reports of special matches, official rules and pictures of all the leading teams. Price 10 cents. No. 277— Cricket; and How to Play it. By Prince Ranjitsinhji. The game described concisely and illustrated with full-page pictures posed especially f Of this book. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY Group IV, Lawn Tennis No. 4— Spalding's Official LaTvn Tennis Annual. Contents include reports of all important tourna- ments; official ranking from 1885 to date; laws of lawn tennis; instructions for handicapping:; deci- sions on doubtful points; management of tourna- ments; directory of clubs; laying out and keeping a court. Illus- trated. Pric*» 10 cents. No. 157— How to Piay Lawn Tennis. A complete description of lawn ten- nis; a lesson for beginners and direc- tions telling how to make the most im portant strokes. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 279— Strokes and Science of LaTrn Tennis. By P. A. Vaile, a leading authority on the game in Great Britain. Every stroke in the game is accurately illus- trated and analyzed by the author. Price 10 cents. Golf Official Group V. No. 5— Spaldinsr»» Golf Guide. Contains records of all important tournaments, articles on the game in various sections of the country, pictures of prom- inent players, official play- ing rules and general items of interest. Price 10 cents. No. 276— How to Play Golf. By James Braid and Harry Vardon, the world's two greatest players tell how they play the game, with numer- ous full-page pictures of them taken n the links. Price 10 cents. Group VI. Hockey No. 6— Spaldingr's Official Ice Hockey Guide. The official year book of the game. Contains the official rules, pictures of leading teams and players, records, review of the season, reports from dif" ferent sections of the United States and Canada. Price 10 cents. No. 304— How to Play Ice Hockey. Contains a description of the duties of each player. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 154— Field Hockey. Prominent in the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, BrynMawrand other leading colleges. Price 10 cents. No. 188 — liawn Hockey, Parlor Hockey, Garden Hockey. Containing the rules for each srame. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 180— Ring Hockey. A new game for the gymnasium. Exciting as basket ball. Price 10 cents. HOCKEY AUXILIARY. No. 25G— Official Handbook of the Ontario Hockey Association. 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Con- tains the official rules, records, All- America selections, reviews, and pic- tures. Edited by H. A. Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. Group VIIL Bowling No. S— Spalding's Official BoTvlins Guide. The contents include: diagrams of effective de- liveries; hints to begin- ners; how to score; official rules; spares, how they are made; rules for cocked hat, quintet, cocked hat and feather, battle game, etc. Price 10 cents. \ri*m''"'°'^ Group IX. Indoor Base Ball No. 9— Spalding's Official In- door Base Ball Guide. America's national game Is now vieing with other indoor games as a winter pastime. This book con- tains the playing rules, pictures of leading teams, and interesting articles on , the game by leading au- thorities on the subject.' Price 10 cent:. Polo Group X. No. 10— Spalding's Official Roller Polo Guide. Edited by J. C. Morse. A full description of the game; official rules, re- cords; pictures of promi- nent players. Price 10 cents \o. 129— Water Polo. The contents of this book treat of every detail, the individual work of the players, the practice of the team, how to throw the ball, with illustrations and many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. No. 199— Equestrian Polo. Compiled by H. L. Fitzpatrick of the New York Sun. Illustrated with por- traits of leading players, and contains most useful information for polo play- ers. Price 10 cents. _ ^^ Miscellane- GroupXI. ous Games No. 201— Lacrosse. Every position is thoroughly ex- plained in a most simple and concise manner, rendering it the best manual of the game ever published. Illus- trated with numerous snapshots of im- portant plays. Price 10 cents. No. 322— Official Handbook U. S. Inter-Collegiate La- crosse League. Contains the constitution, by-laws, playing rules, list of officers and records of the association. Price 10 cents. No. 271— Spalding's Official Roque Guide. The official publication of the Na- tional Roque Association of America. Contains a description of the courts and their construction, diagrams, illus- trations, rules and valuable informa- tion. Price 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 138— Spalding's Official Croauet Guide Contains directions for playing, dia- grams of important strokes, description of grounds, instructions for the begin- ner, terms used in the game, and the official playing rules. Price 10 cents. No. 248— Arcfliery. A new and up-to-date book on this fascinating pastime. The several varieties of archery; instructions for shooting; how to select implements; how to score; and a great deal of inter- esting information. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 194 — Racquets, Squash- Racquets and Court Ten- nis. How to play each game is thoroughly explained, and all the difficult strokes shown by special photographs taken especially for this book. Contains the official rules for each game. Price 10 cents. No. 167— Quoits. Contains a description of the plays used by experts and the official rules. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 170— Push Ball. This book contains the official rules and a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 13— How Ball. to Play Hand By the world's champion, Michael Egan. Every play is thoroughly ex- plained by text and diagram. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 14— Curlingr. A short history of this famous Scot- tish pastime, with instructions for play, rules of the game, definitions of terms and diagrams of different shots. Price 10 cents. No. 207— Bowling on tlie Green; or, La-wn Bowls. How to construct a green; how to play the game, and the official rules of the Scottish Bowling Association. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. Scotch, No. 189- Children's Games. These games are intended for use at recesses, and all but the team games have been adapted to large classes. Suitable for children from three to eight years, and include a great variety. Price 10 cents. No. 188 — Laiivn Games. Lawn Hockey, Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis, Tether Tennis; also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey, Badminton, Bas- ket Goal. Price 10 cents. Group Xn. Athletics No. 12— Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- van, President of the Ama- teur Athletic Union. The only annual pubHcation now issued that contains a complete list of amateur best-on-records; intercol- legiate, swimming, inter- scholastic, English, Irish, Swedish, Continental, South African, Australasian; numerous photos of in- dividual athletes and leading athletic teams. Price 10 cents. No. 27— College Athletics. M. C. Murphy, the well-known ath- letic trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the author of this book, has written it especially for the schoolboy and college man, but it is invaluable for the athlete who wishes to excel in any branch of athletic sport; profusely illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 182— Ail-Around Ath- letics. Gives in full the method of scoring the Ail-Around Championship; how to train for the All-Around Champion- ship. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. \o. ISG— Athlete's Guide. Full instructions for the beginner, telling how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw weights, general hints on train- ing; valuable advice to beginners and important A. A. U. rules and their ex« planations, while the pictures comprise many scenes of champions in action, Pripe 10 cents. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 273— The Olympic Games ftt Athens. A complete account of the Olympic Games of 1906, at Athens, the greatest International Athletic Contest ever held. Compiled by J. E. Sullivan Special United States Commissioner to the Olympic Games. Price 10 cents. No. 87— Athletic Primer. Edited by J. E. Sullivan, Ex- President of the Amateur Athletic Union. Tells how to organize an athletic club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, and gives rules for the government of ath- letic meetings; contents also include directions for laying out athletic grounds, and a very instructive article on training. Price 10 cents. No. 252- How to Sprint. Every athlete who aspires to be a sprinter can study this book to advan- tage. Price 10 cents. No. 255— How to Run 100 Yards. By J. W. Morton, the noted British champion. Many of Mr. Morton's methods of training are novel to American athletes, but his success is the best tribute to their worth. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 174 — Distance and Cross- country Runningr. By George Orton, the famous Uni- versity of Pennsylvania runner. The quarter, half, mile, the longer dis- tances, and cross-country running and steeplechasing, with instructions for training; pictures of leading athletes in action, with comments by the editor. Price 10 cents. No. 259— Weight Throwing;. Probably no other man in the world has had the varied and long experience of James S. Mitchel, the author, in the weight throwing department of ath- letics. The book gives valuable infor- mation not only for the novice, but for the expert as well. Price 10 cents. No. 246— Athletic Training for Schoolboys. By Geo. W. Orton. Each event in the Intercollegiate programme is treated of separately. Price 10 cents. No. 55— Official Sportinar Rules. Contains rules not found in other publications for the government of many sports; rules for wrestling, shuffleboard, snowshoeing, profes- sional racing, pigeon shooting, dog racing, pistol and revolver shooting. British water polo rules, Rugby foot ball rules. Price 10 cents. ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES. No. 311— Official Handbook of the A.A.U. The A. A. U. is the governing body of athletes in the United States of America, and all games must be held under its rules, which are exclusively published in this handbook, and a copy should be in the hands of every athlete and every club officer in America. Price 10 cents. No. 316— Official Intercolle- giate A.A.A.A. Handbook. Contains constitution, by-la-v?B, and laws of athletics; records from 1876 to date. Price 10 cents. No. 30S— Official Handbook Nevr York Interschol- astic Athletic Associa- tion. Contains the Association's records, constitution and by-laws and other information. Price 10 cents. No. 302— Official Y.M.C.A. Handbook. Contains the official rules governing all sports under the jurisdiction of the Y. M. C. A., official Y. M. C. A. scoring tables, pentathlon rules, pictures of leading Y. M. C. A. athletes. Price 10 cents. No. 313— Official Handbook of the Public Schools Athletic Leag;ue. Edited by Dr. C. Ward Crampton. director of physical education in the Public Schools of Greater New York Illustrated. Price 10 oentg. SPALDING ATHLETIC LIBRARY No. 314— Official Handbools: Girls* Brancli of tlie Public Schools Athletic Leagrne. The official publication. Contains: constitution and by-laws, list of offi- cers, donors, founders, life and annual members, reports and illustrations. Price 10 cents. No. 331— Schoolyard Ath- letics. By J. E. Sullivan, Ex-President Ama- teur Athletic Union and member of Board of Education of Greater New York. An invaluable handbook for the teacher and the pupil. Gives a systematic plan for conducting school athletic contests and instructs how to prepare for the various events. Illus- trated. Price 10 cents. No. 317— Marathon Rnnningr. A new and up-to-date book on this popular pastime. Contains pictures of the leading Marathon runners, methods of training, and best times made in various Marathon events. Price 10 cents. Group Xm. Athletic Accomplishments No. 177— HoTF to STTim. Will interest the expert as well as the novice; the illustrations were made from photographs especially posed, showing the swimmer in clear water; a valuable feature is the series of "land drill " exercises for the beginner. Price 10 cents. No. 296— Speed STrimmingr. By Champion C. M. Daniels of the New York Athletic Club team, holder of numerous American records, and the best swimmer in America qualified to write on the subject. Any boy should be able to increase his speed in the water after reading Champion Daniels* Instructions on the subject. Price 10 eentik No. 128— HoTv to Row. By E. J. Giannini, of the New York Athletic Club, one of America's most famous amateur oarsmen and cham> pions. Shows how to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke and other valu« able information. Price 10 cents. No. 23— Canoeiner. Paddling, sailing, cruising and rac- ing canoes and their uses; with hints on rig and management; the choice of a canoe; sailing canoes, racing regula- tions; canoeing and camping. Full/ illustrated. Price 10 cents. No. 209— How to Become a Skater. Contains advice for beginners; how to become a figure skater, showing how to do all the different tricks of the best figure skaters. Pictures of prominent skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 10 cents. No. 282— Official Roller Skat- ing Guide. Directions for becoming a fancy and trick roller skater, and rules for roller skating. Pictures of prominent trick skaters in action. Price 10 cents. No. 178— HoTT to Train for Bicycling. Gives methods of the best riders when training for long or short distance races; hints on training. Revised and up-to-date in every particular. Pries 10 cents. „„, Manly Group XIV. Sports No. 140— Wrestlingr. Catch-as-catch-can style. Seventy illustrations of the different holds, pho- tographed especially and so described that anybody can with little effort learn every one. Price 10 cents. No. 18 — Fencingr. By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, editor of The Swordsman, a promi- nent amateur fencer. A book that has stood the test of time, and is universally acknowledged to be a standard ''*M ^*i GEORGE W. ORTON. /I Spalding's Athletic Library Athletic Training for School Boys Edited by Geo. W. Orton Published by the American Sports Publishing Company 21 Warren Street, New York &- o\ ^^'o'^ Copyright, 1910 BY American Sports Publishing Company New York ©CI.A2Q.5137 CONTENTS PAGE Introduction ......* 5 General Ideas on Training 7 Sprinting 17 220 Yards 25 440 Yards 29 880 Yards 35 The Mile 39 The Two Mile 47 Cross-Country Running 51 120 Yard Hurdle 57 220 Yard Hurdle 65 High Jump 71 Broad Jump . 77 Pole Vault . 83 The Shot 87 The Hammer. 9iJ The Discus . • t « • 9'i BOOKS FOR ATHLETES Spalding Athletic Library Series Price io Cents Per Copy No. 12. Spalding' s Official Athletic Almanac. No. 27. College Athletics. No. 182. All Aroimd Athletics. No. 156. Athletes' Guide. No. S7. Athletic Primer. No. 273. Olympic Games at Athens. No. 252. How to Sprint. No. 255. How to Run 100 Yards. No. 174. Distance and Cross Country Running. No. 259. How to Become a Weight Thrower. No. 55. Official Sporting Rules. No. 246. Athletic Training for Schoolboys. No. 311. Amateur Athletic Union Official Handbook. No. 316. Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. Official Handbook:. No. 302. Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. No. 313. Public Schools Athletic League Official Handbook. No. 314. Official Handbook Girls' Branch Public Schools Athletic League. No. 317 . Marathon Running. No. 331. Schoolyard Athletics. Geo. W. Orton was born at Strathroy, Canada, January lo, 1873. When still very young, he fell while climbing trees and received a blood clot on the brain. Until this absorbed, he was partially paralyzed. But this seemed to leave him when he was about twelve years of age, and though still very delicate, he at once began to run, being known in the village as "The boy who never walked." Besides his running, he was active in all the school sports, and when but fourteen years of age played lacrosse on an intermediate team and played on a first-class Association foot ball team. He was to enter Toronto University in 1890, and began to train during the summer to strengthen a weak knee that had been injured at foot ball. His father noticed that the youngster was running fast and entered him in a set of open sports. To the great astonishment of the boy, he won both the half and the mile, and a month later, at the Canadian champion- ships, he showed such improvement, that he raced A. B. George of the old Manhattan A. C. to the tape in 4 minutes 27 4-5 seconds. The next year, by beating Tommy Connefif in the American mile championship, and by making a new Canadian record of 4 minutes 21 4-5 seconds, at the Canadian champion- ships, Orton was everywhere recognized as a great runner. The next season he continued to win, and was very prominent in sport until 1900, since when he has gradually dropped out of competitive athletics. During his time in athletics he won the mile championships of America and Canada six times, the two mile American steeplechase championship nine times, the cross country American championship and the ten mile American cham- pionship. In college sport he was also successful, winning the Intercollegiate A. A. A. A. mile championship twice, and making a record of 4 minutes 23 2-5 seconds, the present figures. After leaving college he figured in some very important races, winning the two mile steeplechase championship of England in Spalding*s Athletic Library, 1897, this being the only English distance championship that has ever been won by a non-Britisher. In 1900, at the Olympic Championships, though defeated in London the previous week, he again won the steeplechase championship. He was the only American to win a world's championship in a distance event, and his victory was very much taken to heart by the English contingent, who, however, had nothing to say because of the re- markable time made in the race. For years Orton has busied himself with the interscholastic athletics of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia in particular. He has had great influence on the sport and can congratulate himself on the fact that at the present time this district has risen to the front in scholastic track and field athletics. Orton still does a lot of running to keep himself in condition, while he is Captain of the Belmont Cricket Club Association foot ball team, and keeps in shape all winter by playing this hardy game. J, E. Sullivan, Spalding' s Athletic Library, GENERAL IDEAS ON TRAINING No matter what special event one may be training for. whether it be the half-mile, cross-country, the sprints or the high jump, there are certain general matters that apply with equal force to all of these lines of endeavor. In order that we shall not be under the necessity of repeating these general principles of training when dealing with each separate event, we shall take them up here in this preliminary chapter. Very many of our schools now have coaches or gymnasium in- structors qualified to examine a boy as to the condition of the vital organs, especially the lungs and heart. Wherever this is possible, the boy should be examined prior to beginning athletic training. This may be doubly beneficial in that it may indicate what kind of sport is best fitted for the upbuilding of the body, and it may save the life and health of the boy by restraining him from entering some of the more strenuous games in which he might receive permanent injury. But the boy should remember that he must not despair merely because the examination shows him to be in poor condition. This is the very kind of a boy need- ing exercise, only it should be taken under capable supervision and in moderation. In this way the weak heart will become strengthened, or the weak lungs permanently cured. Then the cured youth may enter the very sports which previously had been too trying for him. BEGIN EASILY. The first week of training is always full of accidents, stramed tendons and sore muscles. In almost every case these things are due to a desire on the part of the athlete to begin hard training at cnce. "Make haste slowly" is a very good motto for the athlete. ,'■ ' ^%. «'r^ # JZ c:; A ■*■' c 15 1 S t o m m 03 0) w V X +j i 1 "2 +j is o >^ 2 ^ 1 [^ bo 3 (1) i ^1 o 1 11 "j3 g dJ — O W S3 ^ 3 o c ^ "^ .^ ^^ ■ tf q; +J *^h ^ t3 £ d W S b« c ^1 FI THE LOW hurdler has 11 n w ft 1^ +J 3 3 «H^ ■u 5..^ 4J -M II -2£ ^ o o tJ '=^ iz; li jA ■^ ft c4 i! > o.w "-X. i c 1- o t- ►fi >> <^ S .. •+3 rt (US FIG. of P stride C3 OJ 4-> U S-C ca y U "J l^-M ^ CS ^ CO si .73 4J i! rC 4J o-« I'"! ^-n "A 60 1 s, 1 S 1 2. 2^ o§d| Ch ^ ^ Spalding' s Athletic Library. g and no matter what line of sport one may be going in for, the first week's training should be light and of a general character. If the athlete has plenty of time, no fast or hard work should be done for at least ten days. This will give time for the muscles to get into shape and it will also tone up the whole system. It is surely inviting disaster for a sprinter to begin sprinting the first day out or for a distance runner to run a mile on time on his initial appearance. Get into good physical shape and work grad- ually up to your event. BUILD UP THE BODY. Track athletes, especially schoolboys, depend too much on the legs for success. It is all very well to have a fine pair of legs, but without a good body above them they will not amount to much. I do not mean by a "good body" that it is necessary to have a Sandow show of muscles on back and abdomen. But it is necessary to have strength in the body, especially in the back and abdominal regions. Especial attention should also be paid to ex- ercises that will develop the heart and lungs. Club swinging, dumb-bell work and deep breathing exercises will develop the chest. Body movements (either with or without dumb-bells), from the erect position until the fingers touch the floor, move- ments from side to side, and similar exercises, will strengthen the back and abdominal muscles. A very good exercise for this pur- pose will be found by lying down, placing the hands back of the head and then drawing up the legs outstretched to a perpendicular position several times. This exercise can be varied by keeping the legs still and rising to a sitting posture several times. It is most important that the body should, be very strong and wiry, and I lay especial emphasis on this because so many scholastic track athletes neglect their bodies and then wonder why they do not improve. Those trying for -the field events will see at once the force of the above, for in all the field events the body is just as important as the legs. si ^ miles, running the first half at mile racing speed and then jogging the rest of the way. Friday. Two or three short sprints. 660 yards at half-mile racing speed. If not tired, jog three-quarter miles. Saturday. Race day. Mile on time. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 2. Sheffield of Yale hitting the take-off. The illustration shows that Sheffield has hit the take-off perfectly. Note the effort he is making with arms, body and right leg to get elevation. The two-mile run is generally regarded as supplementary to the mile, that is, it is run after the mile and by those who have already competed at the shorter distance. In this case the miler should train as for the mile, merely jogging further than he would otherwise do, and running a mile and a half and two miles on time occasionally. He should run the distance often enough so that he can judge what pace he ought to take. The remarks on the mile in reference to pace, to harmony of action and to development of bodily strength apply here with equal force. It often happens that a runner who has not sufficient speed for the mile will take up the two mile, hoping by his ability to go all the way that he will be close up at the finish. The very fact that this athlete cannot run the mile fast enough for that race shows that speed is lacking. This athlete should try to develop speed by running less than the two miles. He should run three- quarter miles and the mile at a fast gait frequently, and he should also do a little sprinting. In this way he will improve his pace and be able to stand the fast pace the miler will put up for the first mile of the two miles. The two-mile runner should not shrink from covering 2V2 or 3 miles occasionally. Both the mile and two-mile runner will benefit greatly by running cross-country during the cross-country season. As usual, the first part of this race should be faster than the second. In running two miles in 11 minutes the runner should cover the first half in 2 minutes 30 seconds, the mile in 5 minutes 20 seconds, the mile and a half in 8 minutes 10 seconds. If a 10:30 two-mile is to be run, the half should be in 2 minutes 25 seconds, the mile in 5 minutes 8 seconds, the mile and a half in 7 minutes 55 seconds. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG 3 Spalding' s Athletic Library, 49 TRAINING SCHEDULE. Those taking this race as an extra to the mile should take le work prescribed for the mile, but lengthen out the jogs and et in an occasional \V-x or 2 miles. For those specializing on the two miles, the following schedule submitted : Monday. 200-yard run at a fast pace, but not at full speed. . mile and a half, running the first mile at a good pace and jog- ing the rest of the way. Tuesday. Two miles at a steady, strong pace, finishing the ist quarter fast. If not tired, after a rest, jog a half at a fair ace. Wednesday. One mile at a good two-mile pace. If not tired, vo or three short sprints. Thursday. One and one-half miles at a fast two-mile pace. Friday. A speedy half mile, but not fast enough to distress ou. Saturday. Race day. Two miles on time. THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 4. Stangland of Columbia jumping. The picture gives a front view of Stangland jumpmg. Note, beside the elevation, the way in which he IS throwmg the body forward. Photo by Pearce Spalding' s Athletic Library. 51 CROSS-COUNTRY RUNNING. K Cross-country running is beginning to be a recognized sport throughout our schools. In England, it is a favorite sport of the boys in a school to have "Hare and Hounds," "Paper Chases," and regular cross-country runs. As this sport is continued by all the clubs and colleges, the consequence is that the English dis- tance runners are the very best in the world. A sign of improve- ment in American distance running is found in the growing popularity of cross-country running. It is hard sport, as far as races are concerned, and on this account the coaches and captains of our school teams should make it as interesting as possible, and not drive the boys too hard. This sport is one most suited to boys and most beneficial for them, as it makes them wiry, and develops both their heart and lungs. But it should not be overdone. The boy should not run too far. Eour miles is about the limit for the average school boy, while a mile less is better in most cases. Real cross-country work should be taken if possible. This is better than running along roads, as the good air of the open country is in itself a tonic for anybody. Carrying out the idea of not making the runs too hard for the boys, the pack should be divided into a fast and slow pack or some other means taken so that the fast runners of the team will not distress the slower boys by making too fast a pace. If the pack is small the slow runners should make the pace for half the distance and then the fast runners should be allowed to race home. Or the fast runners can be held at the start and give the slower runners a handicap. It is always an advantage, of course, to have some fast runners in the pack, for if they are handled with good judgment they can be made a means of developing the slower runners without hurting either the fast or slow boys. # THE BROAD JUMP. FIG 5 Spalding* s Athletic Library, 53 I In training for cross-country races, the first thing to be assured of is that the boys can run the distance. This can be secured in about two weeks' training. From then on fhe endeavor should I be to increase the pace. This can be done by gradually increasing : the speed and also by having the boys occasionally running three- i quarters of the distance at a fast pace. For the slow boys this is a very useful exercise, for they must develop pace if they are to be of any use to the team. The greatest care of the stomach and abdominal muscles must be taken. Here is where most boys are weak. Special exercises should be taken for the abdominal muscles, while extra care of the diet must also be observed. The most common ailment among scholastic cross-country runners is a sort of stitch in the side. This is generally a muscle strain, caused by over-exertion, and can be remedied by body exercises and careful, easy training. The cross-country runner's style should be as perfect as the distance man on the track. He must have that harmony of action which lies at the basis of all success in distance running. In one particular his style should differ from the track runner's. He should run more freely. On the track, no obstacles are to be met with. The athlete can be assured of a smooth course. In cross-country work, however, the athlete runs over all sorts of inequalities of ground. He frequently steps into holes in the grass, or the ground beneath his feet gives way. If he were to run as stiffly or rather with the muscles at the same tension as he does on the track he would run great risk of straining his ankle or other leg muscles. The cross-country man should therefore run rather loosely, so that when he meets an obstruc- tion he can swing over it, or if he steps into a hole his muscles will then tighten up and not be strained. No training schedule can be given for this event, as the dis-- tances run are so various. The athlete should cover his dis- tance nearly every day and occasionally run over the distance. He should also take occasional runs at a fast pace over half or three-quarters of the distance. In running the race, the first THE BROAD JUMP. FIG. 6. Hammer of Pennsylvania landing. Note that Hammer has thrown his legs well out in front and that his speed, together with the for- ward lunge of his body, will keep him from falling backward and spoiling the distance covered. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. 55 )art should be run fast and then the runner should settle down to lis best pace and plug through to the finish. Concluding, it should be stated again that the scholastic athlete should look on cross-country running more as a matter of devel- opment than of competition. He should get all the sport possible 3Ut of it and not lay too much stress on racing. \ THE SHOT Boyd of Pennsylvania. This is the first position at the rear oi; the circle. He is bending back, so that his arm will have all the longer swing when it is brought around, and also because he can get a better start from this position. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Library. 57 The high hurdle race is essentially a sprint distance. All the best hurdlers have been fast sprinters. Kraenzlein was feared just as much as a sprinter as he was as a hurdler. Many will remember the lOO-yard Intercollegiate championship that this won- derful athlete won in 1900 when he defeated all the best sprinters in the American colleges and immediately afterward won the high hurdle race in impressive fashion. Kraenzlein, when in Paris the same year, competing in the Olympic Championships, defeated all the best sprinters of the world in a 60-yard race. Stephen Chase, who held the world's record previous to Kraenz- lein, surprised all his mates one year at the fall games of the New York A. C. by running through the 120 yards in 12 seconds. To cover 120 yards and clear ten hurdles under 16 seconds de- mands the greatest agility, attention to form and ability to run fast on the flat. Thus all high hurdlers should make sprinting a very important part of their training. They should sprint regu- larly, for otherwise they will not attain their highest speed over the sticks. The hurdler should practice starting just as assidu- ously as the sprinter, for it is just as important to him. In fact, most hurdlers are very good starters, for the jumping over the hurdles strengthens the very muscles brought into play in start- ing. But they should keep at it and learn to make the most of this important part of their race. But although the hurdler must be a fast sprinter, to make a successful hurdler, he must, of course, have good form over the sticks or he will not be able to bring his speed into play and he will thus perform disappointmgly. The young hurdler should pay the closest attention to form, and while he is a scholastic athlete he should perfect this part of his training, knowing also THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 2. Sheldon of Yale. Sheldon has just begun the glide across the circle. Note that he is not jumping into the air, but is evidently going low in his course across the circle. Note also the snug way in which he is holding the shot. Photo by Pearce. Spalding^ s Athletic Library, 59 that by neglecting this very important matter, he may be getting into such bad habits of form that he will find it impossible to break away from them when he enters college or club competition. The hurdling style has undergone considerable improvement since the days of Cady, Hatch, Puffer and Chase, and it has been due mainly to the ideas introduced by Kraenzlein, the great world's champion and record holder. Kraenzlein did away with the pretty glide over the hurdle and introduced a style which aimed at speed over the hurdle. His aim was to get over the hurdle as quickly as possible. This was the main characteristic of his style and that it is the right idea is shown by the fact that although before his time a 16-second hurdler was recognized as in line for championship honors, now we have numbers of men who can do that, and the college championship is generally won at 15 3-5 seconds or at most 15 4-5 seconds. The general form over the hurdles will be shown to good advantage in the hurdling illustrations. The hurdler should go over the hurdles with body or breast directed straight for the tape. Otherwise the athlete will light on the side of his foot and thus not be able at once to get into his running between tl;e hurdles. The forward leg should be thrown over the hurdle and at the same time the body should be thrown forward. The aim of the athlete should be to get his forward foot to the ground as soon as possible and the body will be of the greatest benefit in aiding the hurdler to get down to earth quickly. In other words, the hurdler should not hang in the air, but the leg should be thrown smartly over the hurdle. The athlete should not try to get distance on the other side. It will be found, however, that the hurdler does get almost as much distance on the other side as in the old glide style, due to the force with which the body is thrown forward. The rear leg should be brought up quickly, the idea being to have this leg in its accus- tomed position for sprinting when the forward leg touches the earth. In other words, when the athlete reaches the ground his two legs should be in the same relative position as they would be if no hurdle had been jumped. The tendency, of course, is to THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 3. Rollins of Amherst. The athlete is moving across the circle. He is getting a little too high in the air. Spalding' s Athletic Library. 6i drag the rear leg, for it requires no little exertion, both of leg and body and arms, to get the rear leg up fast enough so that it will be in its natural position for striding out just as soon as the ground is reached on the other side of the hurdle. Three strides should be taken between the hurdles. It is unnecessary to state the hurdle should be cleared as closely as possible. Some hurdlers wear a shin and ankle pad in practice, so that they can graze each hurdle. The hurdler should practice until he gets the exact distance between the hurdles in his stride so that he will always take off at the same distance from the hurdle. Otherwise, at each hurdle the athlete will be either a little further away or a little nearer the hurdle and before the last hurdle is reached he will be out of his stride, and this always means a great decrease in speed. The hurdler should also practice from the start, so that he will be absolutely sure of getting to the first hurdle in good style. He should practice this until he will always take off from the first hurdle at the same distance, and he should also take off from the other hurdles at that distance. The scholastic athlete often finds that it is very difficult to get the form for the hurdles because of his short stride or lack of strength. He should not despair, but should keep on trying to develop good form, for his practice will tell in the long run, and when he gets old enough he will be able to run all the way through without weakening. From the illustrations and from the above description of the form in the hurdles it is seen that the body is a very important item in the make-up of a good hurdler. It is the pivot on which the leg motion turns, or better, it is the fulcrum used in throw- ing the legs quickly and smoothly over the hurdle. The body and arms must be strong. The back and abdominal muscles are greatly in evidence, as it is by throwing the body forward that the forward leg is forced to descend quickly and the glide through the air is thus avoided. Of course hurdling itself will strengthen the above muscles, but the young athlete should not depend on this, but should also take exercises to strengthen his body. THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 4. tenseness of his muscles. -f ^ Spalding's Athletic Library. 63 In training for the event the athlete should practically take the work specified for the sprinter, cutting out the trials for the 100 and replacing this by careful practice over the hurdles them- selves. He must practice the start and he can do this not only by practicing with the sprinters, but also by setting up one hurdle and sprinting for it and clearing it. This event is so hard on the leg muscles that the athlete cannot run through the full distance very often. In his daily practices he should make several dashes over one hurdle from the start and then run over three or four hurdles two or three times. Once or twice a week he should go through the full distance. TRAINING SCHEDULE. Monday. Two short sprints. Four or five starts clearing the first hurdle. Two dashes over three hurdles. * An easy sprint for 100 yards. The hurdler should not hurry through his train- ing. Tuesday. Three short sprints. Three dashes from the start over two hurdles. A 50-yard dash. Wednesday. Three short sprints. Four dashes from the start over the first hurdle. An easy 220 yards. Thursday. Two short sprints. Two dashes from the start over the first hurdle. A dash over eight hurdles. Friday. Two short sprints. Four dashes over the first two hurdles. A fifty-yard dash. Saturday. Race day. Time trial for the full course. THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 5. jchoenfuss of Harvard, the Intercollegiate champion. The Crimson athlete has just tinished his put. He also shows extreme effort. Note that he lias exactly reversed the position of Boyd in Fig. 1. Spalding's Athletic Library. 65 The 220-yard hurdle is also a sprint distance. It requires more stay than the 120-yard hurdle or the 220 yards on the flat. In- deed the 220-yard race, when run all the way through, necessi- tates that the athlete be in fine condition, have plenty of speed and practically as much stay as the quarter-miler. For some reason this race is considered second in importance to the 120- yard hurdle, just as the 220 yards is not so highly considered as the 100. Very many hurdlers, in fact, the great majority of them, go into the low hurdle race after they have already com- peted over the high sticks. A good high hurdler generally finds no difficulty in learning to run over the low hurdles. This is because the principle is the same. The most up-to-date form in this event approaches as nearly as possible to taking the hurdle merely as an elongated stride. This was Kraenzlein's style. He seemed simply to rise slightly in the air, going over the hurdle just as he was. between strides, with the forward foot straight ahead and the rear foot coming up naturally for the next stride. He had practically no lateral movement of the leg. This is the style aimed at by all later hurdlers, but most low hurdlers have more or less lateral leg movement. Kraenzlein's style is very dangerous, as it requires the nicest judgment of distance on the part of the hurdler. All hurdlers aim at this style, but at first they have the lateral movement of the leg, that is, they swing the leg over curving up and inward. The young hurdler will do well to begin with this style, and as he progresses, aim at less lateral move- ment of the leg and more speed over the hurdle. The principle is, then, to get over the hurdle quickly and to have the legs and body in their natural position for sprinting when the further side of the hurdle is reached. The young athlete will soon get THE SHOT PUT. FIG. 6. Ros ^ the University of Michigan. Rose is also at the finish of hia put He has evidently tried for elevation, as his eyes indicate Note the leg drive that he has gotten into his put. Photo by Pearce. Spalding s Athletic Library. 67 the forward leg over in good style, but he may have more trouble getting his rear leg up quickly and in the right position for the next stride at the moment the forward leg touches the earth. The low hurdler should go at the hurdles straight as in the high event. In training for this event, the athlete should not neglect sprinting. If he is also going in for the high hurdles, then he should curtail his work in that event and develop his style over the low sticks. He should get his stride to the first hurdle down to a fine point, so that he will always be able to go for it at his best speed. He should also work on his stride between the hurdles until he is sure of taking off at the same distance from each hurdle. Seven strides is the correct number between the hurdles. The young hurdler had rather take nine steps than eight between the hurdles, for the latter will necessitate his hurdling from alternate feet, which is difficult to do. By taking seven or nine strides he will always take off with the same foot. Though, because of youth and shortness of stride, it mav be necessary for the young athlete to take nine strides between the hurdles, he should remember that seven is the proper num- ber and, as soon as possible, change to this number. The low hurdler should run through the full distance at least once a week. An occasional quarter-mile will help to develop the stay so neces- sary in this event. The emphasis placed on strength of body and arms for the high hurdles is just as important for this event. The best type of athlete for both hurdle events is the tall long- legged type. The short hurdler has difficulty in getting his strides between the hurdles. The tall hurdler must shorten up if anything. In the high hurdle he can make three swift cat-lik: steps and be off over the next hurdle. The fact that he muSl shorten his stride gives him more balance, and he can also pay all his attention to getting over the hurdle, while it is, o:t course, less exhausting than if he were compelled to lengthen out his stride. The same remarks hold for the low hurdle. It \z even more important in this race, for it is much easier for the THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 1. Vietor of Yale. The high jumper should not take too long a run. The illustration shows Vietor of Yale beginning his run for the bar. He runs not more than 20 yards and only the last few strides fast. Note the tenseness of the body. Photo by Pearce, Spalding's Athletic Library, 60 long-legged athlete to develop the best form in this event. The short-legged hurdler is practically physically incapable of taking the hurdle in his stride. He may do so, but there will always be a glide through the air instead of the short, snappy way in which the taller athlete gets over the hurdle. But though it is a dis- advantage to be short for these events, the short athlete should not despair, as he may make up in speed and agility what he lacks in natural advantages. Still, it looks more than a coincidence that Chase, Puffer, Kraenzlem, Mahoney, Bremer, Converse and Clapp, the fastest hurdlers of the past decade, should all have been tall men. TRAINING SCHEDULE. Mo'nday. Two dashes from the mark over the first hurdle. Two dashes over two hurdles. Tuesday. Three dashes over the first hurdle. One dash over four hurdles. JVedncsday. Two dashes over three hurdles. If not tired, a fair quarter-mile. Thursday. Three dashes over the first hurdle. One dash over six hurdles. Friday. Two dashes over the first hurdle. A smart 220-yard dash. Saturday. Race day. Time trial over the full distance. The above schedule presumes that the athlete is taking, in addition, the 120-yard hurdle training. This and the above may prove a little too much. In that case, he should cut out a little from each schedule, as it is generally a good principle that the athlete should not exhaust himself in his training. In his trial spins, of course, he should do his very best. If the athlete is training only for the low hurdles, he should then increase the above schedule accordingly. THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 2. Victor of Yale is just rising to the bar. He is using a sort of "shoot" style, but it is practically the same as described in the chapter on the high jump. His forward leg is practically over the bar. Spalding's Athletic Library. America has led the world in field sports for several years. Formerly, the English and Irish athletes were on a par with us, but in recent years the English have retrograded very much, while the Irish have made little, if any, improvement. America's supremacy is due, in the first place, to the attention given to form, and secondly, to the popularity of the field events, thus interesting a large number of contestants. Because of the varying conditions and the many peculiarities of field athletes, we have thought it best not give a detailed training schedule for the field events. We give a general idea and ask each athlete to study his own needs and capabilities and act accordingly. "Form, perfection of form," should be the watchword of the field athlete. HIGH JUMP. In the high jump, as in the other field events, the Importance of style cannot be overestimated. An athlete may have every natural advantage in spring and agility for the high jump, but if he does not know the best way to jump he cannot do his best. The most natural style of high jump is what may be called the scissors jump. In this style, the athlete runs at an oblique angle toward the bar, throws over one leg and follows it with the other. This style is capable of development only to a limited degree. The up-to-date style is much more complicated, though it is only an improvement on the former way of jumping. In the modern style, the jumper runs straight at the bar. Wlien a short distance away he swerves slightly, and digging his heel into the earth, he springs upward. He throws his right leg up at the same time and aids this upward motion by a mighty swing up of his right arm and chest. These movements are calculated to raisa the body and to get the right leg over the bar. In addition THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 3. The illustration again shows Vietor jumping. Note the control that he has over his body. By throwing the left arm up and back, and by domg the same with his left shoulder, he will lift his left thigh out of the way and clear the bar. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's A thief ic Library. 73 to these movements, the athlete turns as he rises, so that when at his highest height the right side of his body is parallel to the bar. Having raised his body and swung his right leg into the air, he brings the right leg smartly down on the further side of the bar and simultaneously swings the left leg up and over the bar. The swing up of the left leg is aided by bringing up the left arm smartly and throwing the body back. As the turn given the body will naturally continue, the jumper will alight facing the bar. The keynote to success in making the above movements at precisely the right time depends mainly on the body. The small of the back should be used as a sort of fulcrum and every move- ment should be under the control of the jumper. To give the above directions in brief one might say that after making the leap from the ground, the jumper flings up the right leg and arm over the bar. They are then swung downward while the left leg and arm are flung upward, and at the same time the body is swung backward and outward to keep it from hitting the bar. The one additional point to be noted, is that in rising to the bar the jumper should make a turn that will bring his right side parallel to the bar. If the jumper takes off with the left foot, then the motions are the same, only the left foot and arm begin the movement. The above is the style of Sweeney and Baxter, the most eco- nomical jumpers we have ever had; that is, th^y covered a higher height with this style than can be done with any other. But many of our jumpers have peculiarities of style which seem best for their own individual selves. But they all jump on the above prin- ciple. This is to get the best spring into the air that is possible ; to help the upward motion of the body by the arms and legs, and lastly, to so swing those arms and legs that the highest height will be covered without dislodging the bar. Many jumpers "shoot" over the bar, going over it almost in a lying-down posture, W. Byrd Page, one of the greatest high jumpers that ever lived, and still the holder of the college record at 6 feet 4 Inches, had a style unlike any of the modern jumpers. It was peculiarly his own, though it has many points in its favor. # « THE HIGH JUMP, FIG. 4. Lowe of Syracuse clearing the bar. Note that his style is quite dif- ferent from the foregoing. He ig using the "shoot" style. Note the way he has hia left Jsg tucked up and the left arm and shoulder held in, He will clear the bat by bringing down his right arm Bm»tW Si^fi lib rowing the body «*Waj^ from the bar? Pearee, PhetOf Spalding's Athletic Library. 75 If it were possible to get the force of his initial spring into the modern style, the present records would soon be shattered. Page jumped practically as a cat or greyhound. He seemed almost to jump from, all fours, though he merely got down low for his jump. He threw all the force of his body into the upward motion and drew up his knees and legs so that he shot over the bar like a rubber ball. He turned in the air and as his knees were drawn up close to his head he got very much the same effect as do the modern jumpers who shoot over the bar. The above indicates that the young jumper should not hold himself down slavishly to any style. Let him get the principle and aim at the style first noted, but if that proves unsuited, let him modify it to suit his own peculiar capabilities. If the young athlete has no coach, he should then do his best to get the style first described, for without older advice he will hardly be able to judge whether this style is suited to him or not. The high jumper needs plenty of spring and liveliness. If he trains every day he is likely to lose the snap that is so necessary for his best efforts. Five times a week is quite often enough for the jumper to practice. Until he gets the form, he should not be too anxious for height. He should put the bar at a fairly easy height and practice over it, trying to develop precision and perfection in the various movements. The young athlete should be especially anxious to obtain good form, for on this will rest his whole future success as a jumper. Not only should the jumper get correct form in clearing the bar, but he should get his "take-off." In other words, he should note wtiere he takes off for the jump and find at what distance from the bar he can make his best effort. He should then note his run towards the bar and selecting some mark, say about seven strides back from this take-off, he should note which foot hits this mark and measure it from the jumping standards. In this way by measuring off the distance he has discovered, and by making sure of placing his foot on this mark as he runs to the bar, the jumper can feel assured that he will take off always at the right distance from the bar. Another method of getting the take-off will be given in dealing with the broad jump. THE HIGH JUMP. FIG. 5. Moffat of Pennsylvania clearing the bar. Note that Moffat is using both arms to help his elevation. This, however, leaves his left hio too much in evidence and he would do better to throw the left arm up and back. The illustrations for this event indicate that the high jumper cannot slavishly hold himself down to any fixed style Spalding's Athletic Library. 77 Form is again one of the most important matters to be remem- bered in dealing with the broad jump. Without this, the jumper is wasting his efforts and his results are disappointing. Four things are necessary to make a good broad jumper. He must be speedy, get his take-off with assurance, get a good rise and use his body to advantage while in the air. The last three qualities are illustrated very well in the pictures showing the broad jump. It seems silly to say that a stone will go further if you throw it fast than if you throw it slowly. On the same principle, the jumper's body will go further, the faster it travels through the air. But though speed is a very important factor in broad jumping, the athlete should not sacrifice the other three points to obtain it. The jumper must know how to govern his speed so that he will leave the take-off in good form. If speed is a desirable thing for the broad jumper, he should try to develop it and on this account he should take the training given in the chapter on the "Sprints," omitting the longer dashes and the trials. One of the first things to be learned is to get the take-off properly. The take-off board for the broad jump is of wood, and it not only holds the spikes well, but there is a certain amount of spring in it that is not to be gotten from the ground back of the take-off. In addition, as the jump is measured from the side of the take-off nearest the jumping pit, the athlete who jumps from behind the take-off loses ground. That is, he may really jump from a foot back of the take-off, but this foot of space does not count, as the jump is measured from the take- off. It is thus very important that the jumper should get his take-off. An easy way to find out just at what distance back Vietor of Yale clearing the bar. The illustration shows how the ath- lete lands facing- the bar. This is because the half turn that is made to bring the right sife parallel with the bar is continued in the movement over the bar. Photo by Pearce. Spalding's Athletic Librmy. 7g one should begin to run to hit the take-off is as follows : Start at the take-off with the foot from which you jump and run for ten strides. Place a mark there. Go back to the take-off and run back fifteen strides. Place another mark there. Then try a jump, placing the foot from which you do not jump on the fifteen-pace mark, and then making sure at much increased speed to also hit the ten-pace mark with the other foot. You should then hit the take-off. The probabilities are that you will not hit the take-off on the first attempt, for in getting the ten- and fifteen- pace marks you will not have run so naturally as you do when making for the jump. But these two marks will give you some- thing to go on and by shifting them either backward or forward you should soon get them settled so that if you hit them as you run past you are sure to strike the take-off. The jumper will find that his take-off will vary a little accord- ing to the condition that he is in. When he has these distances settled he should measure them so that on the day of a compe- tition he can take a tape, get his marks, and then feel confident of hitting the take-off. Confidence in one's ability to hit the take-off will help greatly in the final result. Having gotten his take-off, the jumper should make certain that he will get a good elevation ; in other words, he should not skim the ground, for the inevitable law of gravitation will come into play and he will make a short jump. He should aim at getting a good elevation and he should do this by jumping up and forward and by throwing the arms and body up and forward. When about to land, the jum.per should throw the legs forward. If he does not do this he will lose distance. He should pay especial attention to this, as the young jumper is instinctively afraid of falling back. This is, of course, equal to spoiling the jump, but, if in the desire not to fall back, the legs are let down perpendicularly, much distance is lost. By throwing out the legs and throwing the body and arms forward several inches will be gained, while the speed and impetus of the jump should over- come the tendency to fall back, and the jumper should fall for- ward. «*|^JlillMfl BM:SiB Boys Athletic C!¥T¥TC ^^^^^^<^^^^^ P^^^^ will be quoted ^ l3UJl A l9 on One or more suits as specified. 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No. 3R.. Suit, S5.00 Expert Racing and Swimming Suits No. 2R.. Mercerized cotton, Navy Blue, ilky finish, and sheds water readily ; I'uttons over shoulders. Suit, $2.00 No. IR.. Cotton, Navy Blue, light in Vv eight, snug fitting. JButtons over shoulders. . Suit, $ I .OO Spalding One-Piece Batliing Suits suit No. 743. Men's sizes, 32 to 44 inch chest; fancy stripes; button in front 75c. No. 621 B. Boys' sizes, 24 to 32 inch chest; fancy stripes; button in front; 50c . No. 50. Sleeveless, cotton; solid Navy Blue; button at shoulders. Vsc. No. 3R Official Association Water Polo Cap No. WPC. Used to distinguish swimmers in match races, the caps being made in a variety of colors. Also add interest to water polo games by enabling- spec- tators to pick out easily the players on opposing teams. Each, S I .OO Swimming Collars and Jackets Surf Riding with Inflated Collar. Inflated Style No. E. An inflated collar, Ready for use. made with waterproof canvas outer cover, and fine quality rubber inner tube for in- SoH^Biocks flation. Complete with canvas straps to go under arms and over shoulders. A most reliable, simple and quickly adjusted swimming collar and life preserver. Can be_used also as boat seat, etc. Inflated Collar. Each, $3.00 No. N.* This jacket is filled with solid blocks of indurated fibre, more buoyant and reliable than ordinary cork jackets. Complete with canvas straps to go under arms and over shoulders. Solid Jacket. Each, $3.00 Spalding Worsted Bathing Trunks No. I. Worsted, full fashioned, best quality, in Navy, Black. White and Maroon. $2. SO No. 2. Cut worsted, in Navy and Black. $ 1 .25, Planner Bathing Knee Pants No. F. Good quality Gray or Navy flannel knee pants; fly front; belt loops. Loose fitting and just the thing for those who dislike bathing tights. $2.00 Cotton Bathing Trunks No. 60 I • Navy Blue; Red or White stripes. Per pair, 50c. No. 602. Solid Navy Blue Per pair, 35c. No. 603. Fancy stripes. Per pair, 26c. Spalding Bathing Slippers No. I 3. White canvas. With , soles to give protection to the feet. Any Size. Per pair, 50c. Spalding Waterproof Canvas Bag No. I . Made of canvas, lined with rubber, and thoroughly waterproof Each, 9 I .OO Spalding Cork Swimming Jackets and Collars These jackets and collars are covered^ with a close •woven waterproof canvas and stuflfed with ground cork. No. i. Jacket for adults, weight 2% lbs. Ea.,S2.00 No, 2. Jacket for children, weight 1% lbs. Ea.,$ 1 .76 | No.3. Collars for adults or children. I .CO Ayvad'S Water Wings No. I. Plain white. Each.liec. I No. 2. Variegated colors. Each. 36c. «PLETE LIST OF STORES I NSIDE FRONT COVEII, I PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO BS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE SEE INSIDE ©tea ULsffetl hnuarn^St L3L0^ ^ukiecUsLikanse mbM n9ti<^ - FaLSa!!Sd!m£wsiJ«-3f>SSi IN SIZES 28 TO 44 INCH CHEST BfEASUREMENT No. 606 No. 608 No. 28 No. 606. Sleeveless, cotton, Navy Blue. Suit.75c. No. 606. Sleeveless, cotton, in Navy Blue, with either Red or White trimmings on shirt; plain pants Per suit, S I .OO No. 608. Sleeveless, finest quality cotton, trimmed pants and shirts. Colors : Navy and Red or Navy and White only. - . Per suit, S 1 .26 No. 28. Quarter sleeve, cotton, fashioned, mercer- ized silk trimming in following colors only : Navy trimmed Red ; Navy trimmed White. Suit. S 1 . 50 No. 600. Fine quality cut worsted, in plain Navy, Black or Maroon; sleeveless style. Per suit. S3.QO No. 60 I . Fine quality cut worsted in plain Navy, Black and Maroon; quarter sleeve. Suit S3. 26 No. 396. Sleeveless, fine quality worsted, with plain pants, either Black or Navy Blue, and shirt striped two inches each color alternately in follow- ing combinations: Red and Black, Red and White, Navy and Red, Black and Orange, Cardinal and Gray, Royal Blue and White, Maroon and White. Per suit, $3.50 No. 396B. Sleeveless, fine quality worsted, with plain pants, either Black or Navy Blue, and shirt with 4-inch stripe around body in following combi- nations : Navy and White, Black and Orange, Black and Red, Gray and Cardinal. . Per suit. S3. 60 No. 396 No. 396B No. 195 No. 195. Sleeveless, fancy worsted, with attrac- tive striping on shirt and pants in following colors : Black trimmed Red ; Navy trimmed Gray ; Gray trimmed Navy; Navy trimmed White. Suit,.$3.50 No. 6 I 4. Quarter sleeve.finequality worsted, striping on shirt and pants in following colors only : Navy trimmed Gray; Navy trimmed White; Gray trimmed Navy ; Navy trimmed Red. ", . Per suit. $3.75 No. 196. "V" Neck, sleeveless, fancy worsted, with striping on shirt and pants in following colors only: Black trimmed Red; Navy trimmed Gray; Gray trimmed Navy; Navy trimmed White. Suit, $4.0J9 No. I I O. Sleeveless, worsted, full fashioned, best quality. Navy, Black or Maroon. . Suit. S5.00 No. III. Quarter sleeve, striped worsted, same quality as No. 110, in following colors only: Maroon trimmed White ; Black trimmed Orange ; Navy trimmed white. . Per suit, $5. 50 No. 96. "V" Neck, sleeveless, light weight sweater yarn, solid colors; trimmings of different color in following combinations : Gray and Navy, Navy and White, Black and Light Blue. Per suit. $6.60 No. 295. Sleeveless, extra quality fashioned wor- sted, with attractive striping on shirt and pants in following colors ; Gray trimmed Navy , Navy trim- med Gray; Navy trimmed White. Per suit, S6.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO OS A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER ' OF THIS BOOK 'BtJCO inj^eit January 5,1^10. Su bjecl t o qhange Without notice. Jgr Canadian prices fee special Canadian Calakgue. Spalding's Official Base Ball Guide THE 1910 issue of the Guide marks the thirty-fourth year of its publication, and it is universally acknowledged that it surpasses all previous numbers in the v^ealth and variety of its contents. The illustrations especially are unusually attract- ive and comprise action pictures of leading players, w^orld's championship scenes, minor league teams, college teams and individual pictures of prominent base ball vs^riters of the United States. The text contains numerous special articles on timely base ball subjects, records, reviews, complete rosters of the big league teams, and the newly revised official playing rules. "Price 10 Cents Sent postpaid on receipt of price by any of A.G. Spalding & Bros.' stores (see list on inside front cover) A^^Mm/ What team has won the American League championship the great- est number of times ? What team has been a successive three-time winner of the Amer- ican Association pennant ? What are the only cases on record of a team playing three games in one day and winning all? What is the time of the shortest professional game on record ? What was the greatest number of victories in a major league play- ing season? What pitchers have had no-hit games to their credit in the major leagues since 1880? What year was overhand pitching first authorized ? What player made an unassisted triple play in 1909? What pitchers in the major leagues had over 10 successive victories to their credit in 1909? What championship teams had over 100 victories in 1909 ? What were the total receipts of the World's Championship Series of 1909 ? What was the date of the first 1-0 professional contest? What player holds the record for circling the bases ? What major league holds the record for greatest number of shut-out games in a season ? Who holds the long distance throw- ing record ? Who hold the record for greatest number of chances accepted in their respective fielding posi- tions ? Who was the leading batter in 1879? Who was the leading pitcher of the National League in the first year of its existence ? Who was president of the Chicago club in 1876? Who was first president of the National League? Who has led the National League first basemen in that position the greatest number of times ? Who won the National League bat- ting championship the greatest number of times ? Who holds the record for succes- sive pitching victories ? Who holds the record for pitching most consecutive games ? Who were the leading batters in the major and minor leagues in 1909? Who is the only player that has caught a ball dropped from the Washington Monument ? Who comprise the Grand National All-America Championship Team? Who were the major league "300''' hitters in 1909? Who struck out the most batsmen in the National League in 1909? The answers to above questions, and hundreds of others, will be found in the new 1910 issue of SPALDING'SI OFFICIAL BASEBALL RECORD The contents of the 350 pages of the 1910 Record comprise in part the complete official averages of the major and minor leagues for 1909, with standing of clubs and list of previous winners in each organization since its inauguration; a most interesting account of the past year in base ball, presented in chronological order; charts showing the race in all of the major and minor leagues, presenting a graphic illustration of the fluctua- tions of the teams as they advanced or receded from the coveted first position; list of batsmen who have made .400 since 1871; batsmen who have batted .800 in any major league since 1876, etc., etc. The illustrations are an important feature of the book and comprise groups of all the champion teams in the major and minor leagues, world's series scenes, etc. Spalding's Official Base Ball Record will be sent anywhere on receipt of 10 cents by any of A. G. Spalding & Bros.' stores ( see list on Inside front cover ) . ACCEPTNO Tiir Qp/ii niMnfrrfeMTDAnCMADI/ GUARANTEES SUBSTITUTE QUALITY Spalding's Official Athletic Almanac The Recognized Official Authority on all Matters Athletic Published Annually Price, 10 Cents RECORDS A. A. U. Champions — Track and Field Junior and Senior Individual Indoor Swimming Indoor Swimming Gymnastic Bag Punching Boxing Wrestling Central Association A. A. U. Metropolitan Assoc. A. A. U. Middle Atlantic Assoc. A. A.U. New England Assoc. A. A. U. Pacific Association A. A. U. South Atlantic Assoc. A. A. U. Southern Association A. A. U. International Meets Interscholastic Edited by J. E. Sullivan Secretary - Treasurer of the Amateur Athletic Union of the United States RECORDS Running High Jumping Walking Broad Jumping Shot Putting Throwing the Hammer Throwing the Discus Three-Legged Race Sack Racing Javelin Kicking Lifting Long Dive Marathon Road Races Parallel Bar Relay Racing Rope Climbing Running Backwards Running the Bases Skating Stone Gathering Pole Vaulting Winners in Olympic Games Women's Athletic Records PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK "Eliixi iiugeil Januanj 5,L910^ ^ulject t o ihange Viilhqui notict. for Cono^an JfOSLKe^peeia/ Canadian Catalpgut. 9^;^S^ SS UHE$RALDING(tJ)TRADEMA RK Z^ SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY GROUP XIL- No. 331. Schoolyard Athletics By J. E. SULLIVAN President Amateur Athletic Union; Member Board of Education Greater New York. THE great interest in ath- letics that has developed ' in the public schools within recent years has led to the compilation of this book with a view to the systemiza- tion of the various events that form the distinctively athletic feature of school recreation. With its aid any, teacher should be able to conduct a successful meet, while the directions given for becoming expert in the various lines will appeal to the pupil. Some of the leading athletes have contributed chapters on their specialties: Ray Ewry, holder of the world's high jump record, tells how to practice for that event; Harry Hillman, holder of the hurdle and three-legged records, gives hints on hurdle racing and three-legged racing ; Martin Sheridan, all- around champion of America, gives directions for putting the shot; Harry F. Porter, high jump expert, describes how to become proficient in that event. The book is illustrated with photos taken especially for it in public school yards. PRICE 10 CENTS PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADORESSEO TO US A.G.SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOH ' ©to Ineffetl Januaru 5. IMiL- ,gu ^ to (han fifi without mtins- - fw Qcoflfian sdfi«JSS4ee«fli Oinadiaa Calakgu- ACCEPT NO SUBSTITUTE THE SRALDING(B!)TRADE-MARK ''Sf Spalding ''Omcial National League*' Bail Official Ball of the Game for over Thirty Years DOPTED by the National League in 1878, and the only ball used in Cham- pionship games since that time. Each ball wrapped in tinfoil, packed in a separate box, and sealed in accordance with the latest League regula- tions. Warranted to last a full game when used under ordinary conditions. No. 1. Each, $1.25 Per Dozen, $15.00 PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANY COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSEO TO US AG. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK 'Elices in^ffecl January 5, 1910. Subject to c hanfc v-HlhquI notice. Fqr_Cqnadiqn prises j.ie_s^Qial Canadian Calalfigu sSbISthesw\lding TRADEMARK "^"S^v^^ QUALITY The Spalding Official Basket Ball THE ONLY OFFICIAL BASKET BAIX WE GUARANTEE this ball to be perfect in mo terial and workmanship and correct in shape and size when inspected at our fac- tory. If any defect is dis- dovered during the firat game in which it is. used, or during the first day's practice use, and, if returned at once, we will replace same under this guarantee. We do not guar' antee against ordinary wear nor against defect in shape or size that is not discovered ■iw' mediately after the first day's use. Owing to the superb quality ; our No. M Basket Ball, mr customers have grown to ex- pect a season's use oj one ball, and at times make unrea^ia- able claims under our gnat' antee,which we willnot allow. A. G. SPALDING & BROS. OFFICIALLY ADOPTED AND STANDARD. The cover is made in four sections, with capless ends, and of the finest and most carefully selected pebble grain English leather. We take the entire output of this superior grade of leather from the English tanners, and in the Official Basket Ball use the choicest parts of each hide. The bladder is made especially for this ball of extra quality pure Para rubber (no composition. ) Each ball packed complete, in sealed box, with rawhide lace and lacing needle, and guaranteed per- fect in every detail. To provide that all official contests may be held under absolutely fair and uniform conditions, it is stipulated that this ball must be used in all match games of either men's or women's teams. No. M. Spalding «< Official'* Basket BalL Each, $6.00 Extract from Men's OUicial Role Book Rule H— Ball. Sec. 3. TheballmadebyA.G.Spald- (ir\g & Bros, shall be the official ball. Official balls will be yt: ^f\cTA P\ stamped as herewith, (7^^o\\*\\ and will be in sealed \AS«rsrSi^ boxes. >«>,5KETBP*- Sec. 4. The official ball must be tjsed in 4U match games. _^ Extract from Oiiicial CoUegiale Rule Book The Spalding Official Basket Ball No. M is the official ball of the ^v Intercollegi- /^^CSTTsN ate Basket VjSl^%S/ Ball Associa- ^SaSKEiB*^ tion, and must be used in all match games. Extract from Women's Official Rule Book Rule II-Ball. Sec. 3. The ball made by A. G. Spald- ing & Bros, shall be the official baiL Official balls will be ^^< tictZ f> stamped as herewith, roj^r- .^ rrJ: and will be in sealed boxes. Sec. 4. The official ball must be used in all match games. PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I ANT COMMUNICATIONS ADDRESSED TO US A.G.SPALDING &. BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST OF STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER, OF THIS BOOK £dc« i/Lfi^eU lanuasi 5^1310^ kQngr 'liiShaMl nvfe For Canadian priee' — < ^esaa/ Canadioa Calalegue. . I sSt THE St^LDINGlpTRADE-MARK 'ZZf Sandow's Patent ^^^ ISr^ Dumb Bells 30C A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SOLE AMERICAN and CANADIAN LICENSEES CS^EUGEN SAN DOW, Patentee. OC^ A N ENTIRE SYSTEM of Physical Culture is em- /^ (I braced within the exercises possible With these wonderful dumb bells. The bells are made in two halves connected by steel springs, the effort necessary in gripping com- pelling the pupil to continually devote his whole mind to each movement. This concentration of will power on each muscle involved is what is responsible for the great results obtained through properly exercising with them. >> Sandows Patent Spring Grip Dumb Bells No. 6. MEN'S. Nickel-plated J fitted with seven steel springs. ... Per pair, $3.00 No. 4. LADIES*. Nickel-plated ;• fitted with five steel springs. . .... Per pair, $2.50 No. 2. BOTS^ Nickel-plated; fitted with four steel springs; . . . . Per pair, $2.00 <- v ■ — v ^ We include With each pair of Sandow Dumb Bells a chart of exercises by Sandow and full instructions for using. Also a piece of selvyt cloth for keeping dumb bells in ffood conditiook PROMPT ATTENTION GIVEN TO I m COMMUNICATIONS ADDBESSED TO US A. G. SPALDING & BROS. STORES IN ALL LARGE CITIES FOR COMPLETE LIST Of STORES SEE INSIDE FRONT COVER OF THIS BOOK prices in effect January 5,1910. Suhjecl to change without notice For Canadian prices see special Canadian Calalpgue. 1HE following selection of items from their latest Catalogue will give an idea of the great variety of ATHLETIC GOODS manufactured by A. G. SPALDING & BROS. SEND FOR A FREE COPY. Archery Bags- Bat Cricket Striking Uniform Balls- Base Basket Cricket Field Hockey Foot, College Foot, Rugby Foot, Soccer Golf Hand Indoor Medicine Playground Squash Tennis Volley Water Polo Bandages. Elastic Bathing Suits Bats- Base Ball Cricket Belts Caps- Base Ball University Water Polo Chest Weights Circle, Seven-Foot Coats, Base Ball Collars, Swimming Corks. Running Covers, Racket Cricket Goods Croquet Goods Discus, Olympic Dumb Bells Emblems Equestrian Polo Exerciser, Home Felt Letters Fencing Sticks Field Hockey Flags- College Foul, Base Ball Marking, Golf Foils, Fencing Foot Balls- Association College Rugby Glasses, Base Ball Sun Automobile Gloves — Base Ball Boxing Cricket Fencing Foot Ball Golf Handball Hockey, Ice Glove Softener Goals- Basket Ball Foot Ball Hockey, Ice Golf Clubs Golf Counters Golfette Gymnasium, Home Gymnasium Board Hammers, Athletic Hats, University Head Harness Health Pull Hockey Sticks, Ice Hole Cutter, Golf Hole Rim, Golf Horse, Vaulting Hurdles, Safety Hurley Goods Indian Clubs Jackets- Fencing Foot Ball Javelins Jerseys Knee Protectors Liacrosse Lanes for Sprints Lawn Bowls Leg Guards- Base Ball Cricket Foot Ball Markers, Tennis Base Ball Fencing Nose [inal Masseur, A b d o m Mattresses Megaphones Mitts- Base Ball Handball Striking Bag Moccasins Nets- Cricket Golf Driving Tennis Volley Ball Numbers, Compet- Pads — [itors' Chamois, Fencing Foot Ball Sliding. Base Ball Pants- Base Ball Basket Ball Foot Ball. College Foot Ball, Rugby Hockey, Ice Running Pennants, College Plates- Base Ball Shoe Home Marking, Tennis Pitchers' Box Pitchers' Toe Teeing, Golf Platforms, Striking Bag Poles- Vaulting Polo, Roller. Goods Posts- Backstop, Tennis Lawn Tennis Protectors- Abdomen Base Ball Body Eye Glass Push Ball Quoits Rackets, Tennis Rings- Exercising Swinging Rowing Machines Roque Sacks, for Sack Racing Score Board. Golf Score Books- Score Tablets, Base Shirts- [Ball Athletic Base Ball Shoes — Base Ball Basket Ball Bowling Clog Cross Country Cricket Fencing [ation Foot Ball, Associ- Foot Ball, College Foot Ball, Rugby Foot Ball. Soccer Golf Gymnasium Shoes — Jumping Running Skating Squash Tennis Shot- Athletic Indoor Massage Skates- Ice Roller Skis Sleeve, Pitchers Snow Shoes Squash Goods Straps- Base Ball For Three- Legged Race Skate Stockings Striking Bags Suits — Basket Ball Gymnasium Gymnasium, Ladies' Running Soccer Swimming Union Foot Ball Supporters Ankle Wrist Suspensories Sweaters Tether Tennis Tights - Full W restling Knee Toboggans Trapeze Trunks- Bathing Velvet Worsted Umpire Indica- Uniforms [tor YTands, Calis- thenic Watches, Stop Water Wings Weights, 56-lb. Whitely Exer- cisers Wr e s tli n g Equipment Standard Policy A Standard Quality must be inseparably linked to a Standard Policy. Without a definite and Standard Mercantile Policy, it is impossible for a manufacturer to long maintain a Standard Quality. To market his goods through the jobber, a manufacturer must provide a profit for the jobber as well as the retail dealer. To meet these conditions of Dual Profits, the manufacturer is obliged to set a proportionately high list price on his goods to the consumer. To enable the glib salesman, when booking his orders, to figure out attractive profits to both the jobber and retailer, these high list prices are absolutely essential; but their real purpose will have been served when the manufacturer has secured his order from the jobber, and the jobber has secured his order from the retailer. However, these deceptive high list prices are not fair to the consumer, who does not, and, in reality, is not ever expected to pay these fancy list prices. When the season opens for the sale of such goods, with their misleading but alluring high list prices, the retailer begms to realize his responsibilities, and grapples with the situation as best he can, by offering "special discounts," which vary with local trade conditions. Under this system of merchandising, the profits to both the manufacturer and the jobber are assured; but as there is no stability maintained in the prices to the consumer, the keen competition amongst the local dealers invariably leads to a demoralized cutting of prices bj- which the profits of the retailer are practically eliminated. This demoralization always reacts on the manufacturer. ^The jobber insists on lower, and still lower, prices. The manufacturer in his turn, meets this demand for the lowering of prices by the only way open to him, viz. : the cheapening and degrading of the quality of his product. -^ The foregoing conditions became so intolerable that, ten years ago, in 1899, A. G. Spalding & Bros, determined to rectify this demoralization in the Athletic Goods Trade, and inaugurated what has since become known as "The Spalding Policy." The "Spalding Policy" eliminates the jobber entirely, so far as Spalding Goods are concerned, and the retail dealer secures his supply of Spalding Athletic Goods direct from the manufacturer under a restricted retail price arrangement by which the retail dealer is assured a fair, legitimate and certain profit on all Spalding Athletic Goods, and the consumer is assured a Standard Quality and is protected from imposition. The "Spalding Policy" is decidedly for the interest and protection of the users of Athletic Goods, and acts in two ways: First— The user is assured of genuine Ofl!icial Standard Athletic Goods, and the same fixed prices to everybody. Second— As manufacturers, we can proceed with confidence in purchasing at the proper time, the very best raw materials required in the manufacture of our various goods, well ahead of their respective seasons, and this enables us to provide the necessary quantity and absolutely maintain the Spalding Standard of Quality. All retail dealers handling Spalding Athletic Goods are required to supply consumers at our regular printed catalogue prices — neither more nor less— the same prices that similar goods are sold for in our New York, Chicago and other stores. AH Spalding dealers, as well as users of Spalding Athletic Goods, are treated exactly alike, and no special rebates or discriminations are allowed to anyone. Positively, nobody; not even officers, managers, salesmen or other employes of A. G. Spalding & Bros., or any of their relatives or personal friends, can buy Spalding Athletic Goods at a discount from the regular catalogue prices. This, briefly, is the "Spalding Policy," which has akeady been in successful operation for the past ten years, and will be indefinitely continued. In otiier words, " The Spalding Policy " is a "square deal " for everybody. A- G. SPALDING & BROS. PRESIDKNT. C" One copy del. to Cat. Div. KAY 2t W^ standard Qwality An article that is universally given the appellation "Standard" is thereby conceded to be the Criterion, to which are compared all other things of a similar nature. For instance, the Gold Dollar of the United States is the Standard unit of currency, because it must legally contain a specific proportion of pure gold, and the fact of its being Genuine is guaranteed by the Government Stamp thereon. As a protection to the users of this currency against counterfeiting and other tricks, considerable money is expended in maintaining a Secret Service Bureau of Experts. Under the law, citizen manufacturers must depend to a great extent upon Trade-Marks and similar devices to protect themselves against counterfeit products— without the aid of "Government Detectives" or " PubUc Opinion " to assist them. Consequently the "Consumer's Protection " against misrepresentation and "in- ferior quality" rests entirely upon the integrity and responsibility of the "Manufacturer." A. G. Spalding & Bros, have, by their rigorous attention to "Quality," for thirty- three years, caused their Trade-Mark to become known throughout the world as a Guarantee of Quality as dependable in their field as the U. S. Currency is in its field. The necessity of upholding the guarantee of the Spalding Trade-Mark and main- taining the Standard Quality of their Athletic Goods, is, therefore, as obvious as is the necessity of the Government in maintaining a Standard Currency. Thus each consumer is not only insuring himself but also protecting other con- sumers when he assists a Reliable Manufacturer in upholding his Trade-Mark and all that it stands for. Therefore, we urge all users of our Athletic Goods to assist us in maintaining the Spalding Standard of Excellence, by insisting that our Trade-Mark be plainly stamped on all athletic goods which they buy, because without this precaution our best efforts towards maintaining Standard Quality and preventing fraudulent substitution will be ineffectual. Manufacturers of Standard Articles invariably suffer the reputation of being high-priced, and this sentiment is fostered and emphasized by makers of " inferior goods," with whom low prices are the main consideration. A manufacturer of recognized Standard Goods, with a reputation to uphold and a antee to protect, must necessarily have higher prices than a manufacturer of cheap ^s, whose idea of and basis for a claim for Standard Quality depends principally . the eloquence of the salesman. We know from experience that there is no quicksand more unstable than poverty quality— and we avoid this quicksand by Standard Quality. i^..,^:;^^^:.-^^^.^^^^^^^^ PAL CONGRESS athl:e.tjc A separate book covers every Atliletic bport and is Official and Standard Price 10 cents each GRAND PRIZE GRAND PRIX ST. LOUIS, 1904 SPALDING PARIS, 1900 ATHLETIC GOODS ARE THE STANDARD OF THE WORLD A. G. Spalding ^ Bros. MAINTAIN WHOLESALE and RETAIL STORES in the FOLLOWING CITIES: NEW YORK CHICAGO PHILADELPHIA ST. LOUIS BOSTON KANSAS CITY BALTIMORE MINNEAPOLIS WASHINGTON SAN FRANCISCO PITTSBURG CINCINNATI BUFFALO DENVER SYRACUSE DETROIT NEW ORLEANS CLEVELAND LONDON, ENGLAND ATLANTA SEATTLE BIRMINGHAM, ENGLAND DAI^LAS COLUMBUS EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND ST. PAUL SYDNEY, AUSTRALIA MONTREAI^, CANADA Factories owned and operated LyA.G.Spaldtnjr & Bros, and where all of SpaUins'^ trfp.f/TeirKed Athletic Goods are made are located in the followina cities: de-ATarKed Athletic Goods are mad* gWEW YORK jBUDOKLTN iCiaCAGO VOSTON SAN FRANCISCO rHIUUDEXPHIA CmCOPEE, MASS. LONDON. EN6.