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 WAR RELIEF WORK 
 
 IN 
 
 OLD LOUISIANA 
 
 BY 
 
 Mrs. GEORGE B. PENROSE 
 
 HIMEBAUGH & BROWNE 
 
 NEW YORK 
 PUBLISHERS 
 
 1919 
 

 Copyrighted 1919 
 
 Jon "'-*■ i <^ ' •^ 
 
 3 \ 
 
t- 
 
 I dedicate this book to 
 
 "iig Earner §on" 
 
 And to Every Mother's Son who has given his 
 all to his country with the assurance "That h« 
 who loses his life yet finds it." 
 
 "0' Boy could I but take the hours 
 
 That once I spent with thee 
 
 And coin them all in minted gold 
 
 What should I purchase that would hold 
 
 Their worth in joy to me? 
 
 Oh! Boy another hour with thee." 
 
PREFACE 
 
 HE inspiration of this book came about in the 
 most unusual way and strange and unex- 
 pected incidents altered the whole course of 
 my life. It was just previous to one of 
 my annual visits to Washington. I was ap- 
 pointed a delegate from New Orleans to attend the Annual 
 Convention of the Needle Work Guild of America, on May 7th, 
 1914, held in the Convention Hall of the Raleigh Hotel, 
 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D. C. Mrs. John Wood 
 Stewart of New Jersey was the founder of the Needle Work 
 Guild, Mrs. Levi P. Morton, of New York was Honorary 
 President and Mrs. Truman Newberry of Detroit, Michigan, 
 was then and is now our National President. The Needle 
 Work Guild of America is strongly sympathetic with the 
 American Red Cross and does war relief work and takes part 
 in the same activities and was affiliated with the Red Cross 
 in the year of 1907. 
 
 The first Mrs. Woodrow Wilson was a member and held 
 a position of honor in the Guild and Miss Mabel Boardman of 
 Washington, D. C, was not only a member, but through her ac- 
 complishments as a talented speaker was delegated to address 
 our Convention upon the urgent necessity of Red Cross Prepa- 
 rations in view of the far away, distant rumbling sounds of 
 Mexican disturbances and other possible "intrusions." Her 
 eloquent words filled me full of Red Cross inspirations and 
 lasting enthusiasm, which I bore in mind until the opportuni- 
 ties came for me to use my efforts in bringing the Red Cross 
 to the whole Southern States. 
 
As a finale to her splendid address, Miss Boardman then 
 extended an invitation to visit the White House and see the 
 wedding decorations, through the courtesy of Mrs. Woodrow 
 Wilson, who was a member of the Guild. 
 
 The wedding of Miss Eleanore Randolph Wilson and Mr. 
 William Gibbs McAdoo had taken place on May 7th, 1914, 
 in the early morning and we were asked to see the White 
 House in all its gorgeous array just before noon of the next 
 day. The floral decorations were impressingly beautiful, with 
 a great profusion of dog wood blossoms clustering everywhere 
 and masses of American Beauty roses in the huge mantel 
 vases forming pedestals on either side of the mantel where 
 we were told the ceremony had taken place. Those always 
 loved American beauty roses — I will ever remember the sweet- 
 ness of their perfume and the lasting impression they made 
 on me everywhere I turned after the White House wedding. 
 I was full of the beauties of the day, the romance of the 
 wedding, and that night, I had a dream of the Red Cross 
 Work, that came to be a reality. 
 
BY 
 
 MRS. GEO. B. PENROSE 
 
 "The pen is mightier than the sword" 
 Goes hand in hand at the given word 
 One to strike for justice sake 
 The sword to fight whate'ers at stake 
 For might or right and the bright light 
 Of freedom for America and the world. 
 
CHAPTER I 
 
 OR a long time the care of the enemy wounded 
 was a question of humanity, an international 
 legal duty in regard to it did not exist. There 
 were, to be sure, at times in the centuries 
 anterior to ours, agreements between army 
 chiefs having for their pui-pose to protect the sick and 
 wounded, establishments which gave them shelter, and the 
 personnel which cared for them. These agreements which 
 were temporary ones, and limited to certain particular cases, 
 were optional. The need of sanitary organization, accepted 
 by all powers, was particularly felt during the war of the rev- 
 olution and of the Empire. It is said that every Switzer is 
 born with an idea of a new society in his head. That is, of 
 course, an ironical way of expressing what comes very near 
 being the truth, for the simple thought and principle of Swiss 
 life is that of a society for mutual aid and well being. This 
 same quality has been the incentive and inspiration for organi- 
 zations like that of the Red Cross that have been of incalcul- 
 able importance. The Red Cross itself world wide in the 
 reach of its beneficiaries, owes its inception to the society of 
 the public utilities, the kindly parent of so many good works, 
 The first person to have conceived the idea appears to have 
 been Monsieur Henry Dunant, a Genevese physician, who was 
 
 7 
 
JHg fKonograpli 
 
 following the military operations as a spectator, especially in 
 the battle of Solferino. The suffering, which he witnessed 
 there, led to his publishing a book called "Recollections of 
 Solferino", which attracted great attention. He maintained, 
 as a thesis, that the official help service could not possibly 
 succor the wounded properly, that private charity should lend 
 its assistance and prepare for that purpose in advance during 
 time of peace. This idea aroused the enthusiasm of a group 
 of men of eminently practical ideas and notably, Monsieur 
 Moynier, President of the local society of public utilities and 
 started an agitation, which spread rapidly over Europe in the 
 form of what they termed "Neutralizing the Sick Wagons on 
 the Field of Battle." The idea was so enthusiastically taken 
 up and pressed with so much earnestness upon the various 
 governments of Europe, with the full concurrence of the 
 powers that in 1863 a conference was called of fourteen 
 Nations at which the several countries were represented by 
 delegates, summoned at the instance of the Swiss Federal 
 Council. This council was fittingly held in Geneva in August 
 1864 and the Convention of Geneva was drawn up and signed as 
 in international Code on the 22nd of that month. The nobility 
 of the work set forth is now of world knowledge ; and the Inter- 
 national Society known as the Red Cross Society was es- 
 tablished as a correlary to the Geneva Convention which has 
 since been adherred to by the leading powers of the civilized 
 world for the amelioration of the sick and wounded in war- 
 fare on land and water; and is now published under the title 
 "International Red Cross Convention for the Amelioration of 
 
 8 
 
g ilHnnDgrapli 
 
 the Conditions of the Wounded and Sick in the Armies in the 
 Field," and made part of the Field Service Regulations, United 
 States Army, 1914. After a careful study of the situation 
 hopes were expressed that there should be in each country 
 a single society with a Central Committee, and further a cer- 
 tain guarantee should be given to such society in order that 
 they might, in full security, exercise their kindly purpose. 
 The work of this conference has had a great influence for 
 everything which has been done along the lines of these 
 ideas. But the question of the guarantee to be given to 
 these societies was beyond the limits of private enterprise; 
 it entailed international regulations and a diplomatic confer- 
 ence which alone could make of this hope a reality. It is to 
 this meeting that the voluntary Red Cross Society owes its 
 organization; the later conference merely recognized them 
 and legislated in their behalf. 
 
 The American National Red Cross Society has been char- 
 tered by Congress and has by recent additional legislation 
 been brought in touch with the army. The celebrated con- 
 vention of Geneva of August 22nd, 1864, which remained in 
 force until the ratification of the Convention of 1906, was 
 first signed by France, and is today accepted by almost all 
 the states of the world ; and more especially after the terrible 
 practical lesson and example of the Battle of Koeniggratz. 
 Austria, not having as yet adhered to the convention, Austrian 
 doctors, in fear of being made prisoners by the Prussian 
 Army, abandoned their wounded, whose sufferings were con- 
 siderably increased by this interruption of care and the ulti- 
 mate in efficiency of sanitary measures. 
 
 9 
 
M^ iJloitograpli 
 
 During the Crimean War (1854) history records the 
 terrible suffering of the sick and wounded soldiers lying in 
 the great hospitals back of the British lines, and the terrible 
 condition of these hospitals overrun with disease and choked 
 with filth. Florence Nightingale, born of English parents, 
 heir to vast Derbyshire estates, nevertheless prepared herself 
 for work which was principally among English hospitals and 
 had for its purpose the amelioration of the suffering. In 
 November 1854, Florence Nightingale was at the hospital 
 at Scutari. There were two thousand patients with desperate 
 conditions facing her. The task of reforming, cleaning and 
 caring for the army of the sick was gigantic and one to strike 
 terror to the souls of most men, but, this high bred English 
 Woman with her band of thirty-eight nurses, met the problem 
 undismayed and as if by magic, a new intelligence swept 
 through the hospitals. Idolized by the soldiers, respected by 
 all when the war was over, she returned to a peaceful English 
 country home to live a retired quiet life, and in her old age 
 further devoting her great fortune, wonderful capability and 
 grand woman's heart to the life of preparing other women for 
 ministration to her stricken countrymen. In the 19th cen- 
 tury she was considered the founder of modem mercy. An 
 English soldier who had been wounded in the Scutari in 1855, 
 wrote of Florence Nightingale from the barracks hospital, 
 of the great happiness it was to the soldiers to see her on 
 her way through the hospital with a kind word to each one, 
 or a nod in passing, just to satisfy herself they were being 
 
 10 
 
mg fJIonograpli 
 
 looked after. Their happiness in seeing her watchful care 
 of them during their period of convalescence gave them a 
 feeling of confidence as to their well-being. When the phy- 
 sician had finished their duties of the day, and had retired 
 for the night, and when silence and darkness had settled, 
 and the stillness of the night had come to the sleeping 
 soldiers, "She would be observed with a little lamp in her 
 hand making the solitary rounds, and as her slender form 
 glided through the corridor many a poor fellow's face softened 
 at the sight of her, with love and gratitude in their hearts for 
 this ministering angel. "For this wonderful devotion to the 
 wounded she inspired like enthusiasm in others, and it was said 
 that when quite young, Henry Dunant was full of deep ad- 
 miration for the work of this unselfish and noble woman, 
 and she became his inspiration. Certain it was that her 
 Crimean activities gave a direct impetus to Dunant's efforts. 
 One of Longfellow's most famous poems was: 
 
 "THE LADY OF THE LAMP" 
 
 "Lo, in that hour of misery, 
 A lady with a lamp I see 
 Pass through the glimmering gloom 
 And flit from room to room, 
 And slow as in a dream of bliss, 
 The speechless sufferer turns to kiss 
 Her shadow as it falls 
 Upon the darkening walls." 
 
 The lamp became the symbol of the light of knowledge 
 which Florence Nightingale shed, and to-day one of the 
 
 11 
 
g iHnnograpli 
 
 medals of the Red Cross is the figure of The Lady of the 
 Lamp. 
 
 In the year 1860 the Civil War broke out and at that 
 time the care of the sick and the wounded was under the 
 charge of what was known as the "Sanitary Commission." 
 There were many women besides those regularly authorized 
 who devoted their time to the same cause. "Among those 
 were Dorothea Dix, and Mother Bickerdyke, who were wonder- 
 ful in their care and watchfulness of the sick and wounded, 
 and were strict disciplinarians. Dorothea Dix was known for 
 her splendid work for reform of prisons. When war broke 
 out she offered her services which continued with untiring 
 zeal during the four years of the Civil War. Later the Secre- 
 tary of War asked her what the nation could do to thank 
 her for her work. She answered, "I would like a flag." Two 
 beautiful flags were given her which she later presented to 
 Harvard College. Another now stands in her memory over 
 the doors of "Memorial Hall." Mother Bickerdyke was 
 another woman known in the Civil War for her will and fear- 
 lessness. She was spoken of upon one occasion as having 
 visited the hospital at eleven o'clock in the morning, and 
 found, that owing to the late hours kept by an officer of 
 high degree the patients had had no breakfast. There was 
 no half-way measure as to the reprimand the officer should 
 have received, but she ordered off his shoulder straps, and 
 in three days he was discharged from the service. He turned 
 to General Sherman, in charge of the army, for redress, 
 
 12 
 
UJg iHanngrapli 
 
 who remarked upon listening to the tale of woe, "If the com- 
 plaint has come from Mother Bickerdyke, I can do nothing for 
 you, she ranks me." 
 
 During our own Civil War 1861-1866 the need of the ser- 
 vices and succor now given by the International Red Cross 
 was bitterly felt when again it fell to the lot of other noble 
 women to second the efforts of the organized military sani- 
 tary formations and establishments of the army in bringing 
 aid and comfort to the sick and wounded and ameliorating 
 the conditions surrounding them. 
 
 A third worker for the soldiers was Clara Barton. She 
 was born in Oxford, Mass., about 1830 and educated in Clinton, 
 N. Y. When the Civil War began she determined to devote 
 herself to the care of the wounded soldiers on the 
 battlefield. She was appointed by General Butler in 1864 "lady 
 in charge" of the hospitals at the front of the Army of the 
 James. In 1865 she went to Andersonville, Ga., to identify 
 and mark the graves of the Union prisoners buried there, 
 and in the same year was placed by President Lincoln, in 
 charge of the search for missing men of the Union Armies. 
 
 Standing one day in the station at Washington, she saw, 
 as had Dorothea Dix, in Baltimore, a trainload of wounded 
 soldiers roll in. The men were in a dreadful condition, in 
 pain, hunger, cold, and filth with almost no nurses and no 
 doctors to care for them, Clara Barton had them carried to 
 the hospital where she saw to the washing and binding of 
 
 13 
 
iMg HSonograiili 
 
 their wounds, fed them clean, wholesome food, and wrote 
 letters for them to their families. 
 
 The boys' mothers heard of Clara Barton through their 
 letters and wrote, sending supplies of food and clothing which 
 she distributed. Later she obtained a pass from the Govern- 
 ment to go behind the lines. There in the midst of dirt and 
 disease she stayed during the remainder of the war, nursing 
 Northerners and Southerners alike. 
 
 She lectured during the year 1866 and 1867 on her war ex- 
 periences, and afterwards went to Switzerland for her health, 
 and here for the first time she heard of the Red Cross Society. 
 At the beginning of the Franco-German War in 1870, she 
 assisted the Grand Duchess of Baden in the preparation of 
 military hospitals, and gave the Red Cross Society much aid 
 during the war. At the joint request of the German authori- 
 ties and the Strassburg "Comite de Secours, she superin- 
 tended the supplying of work to the poor of that city in 1871, 
 after the siege, and in 1872 she had charge of the public dis- 
 tribution of supplies to the destitute people of Paris. At the 
 close of the war she was decorated with the Golden Cross of 
 Baden and the Iron Cross of Germany. In 1884 as 
 the official head of the society, Miss Barton, had charge of 
 the expedition for the relief of the sufferers from the 
 flood in the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and in the same 
 year she was the representative of the government at 
 the Red Cross convention in Geneva, Switzerland. She 
 was also a delegate to the International Peace Convention at 
 
 14 
 
iHa iKonograplj 
 
 Geneva in 1884, and was Special Commissioner for foreign ex- 
 hibits at the New Orleans Exhibition. 
 
 Finally in the year of July 1881 a Red Cross was or- 
 ganized and incorporated in the District of Columbia known as 
 the American Association of the Red Cross. Miss Clara Bar- 
 ton became the first President. The badge at that time de- 
 cided upon for general use was the Red Cross Insignia, on a 
 back ground of white, standing out as a badge of humanity. 
 
 During the Spanish-American war (1898) Miss Barton 
 visited Siboney, Santiago, Province of Cuba, and from that 
 place directed the activities of the Red Cross service. 
 
 15 
 
CHAPTER II 
 
 FTER giving a resume of the origin and incep- 
 tion of the Red Cross Society by way of re- 
 freshing the memories of those who may not 
 have had the time or the inclination to re- 
 view the war activities of so many years ago, 
 it appears to me that it is not ill advised to mention here the 
 earnest work and hearty co-operation of Red Cross activities 
 in New Orleans (even prior to the organization of the present 
 Chapter) that was done so quietly and modestly that I have 
 not been able to compel an open confession, and yet, I would 
 not add it to this Monograph if I did not believe it to be true. 
 Although there was no permanent organization in former 
 years, the first work of the American Red Cross in Louisiana 
 was during the Spanish-American War, when Mr. Clarence 
 Lowe of New Orleans, assisted by several others who worked 
 with him under advice from President McKinley, who then 
 directed the Red Cross in behalf of those who had gone into 
 the service of their country. This was in the year of 1898, 
 when a well equipped body of men left New Orleans to fight 
 in the Spanish-American War, and arrived in Cuba on 
 Christmas morning. 
 
 As I said before, there was no permanent organization 
 
 16 
 
Mn IHonDgratili 
 
 then, but only temporary relief work to aid those who had 
 so gallantly answered the first call in the Spanish-American 
 Crisis. 
 
 A report of the situation was made in the Senate, and 
 after a personal investigation, arousing much sympathy, 
 President McKinley, through John Sherman then Secretary of 
 State, sent out a general appeal for funds, clothing and pro- 
 visions, for distribution through General Fitzhugh Lee, then 
 the American Consul General of Havana. This, was 
 in the year of 1898, when there was great destitu- 
 tion among the natives and the most critical situation imagin- 
 able calling for humanitarian work. Those who offered their 
 services were greatly handicapped by un-preparedness, and 
 the difficulty of the situation in reaching those in need of 
 supplies and medical attention. At that time the activities 
 and the sending of equipment was accomplished under direc- 
 tions of the Central Cuban Relief Committee, who later char- 
 tered for the Red Cross, the Steamer, State of Texas, used in 
 transportation of Surgical Equipment and all necessary 
 articles for relief. On account of the close proximity to the 
 scene of disturbance. Many of the men from New Orleans 
 were among the first to go, and enter active service. Among 
 this number was Doctor Hamilton Jones, who was not only an 
 eminent physician himself, but came of a long line of ancestors 
 distinguished in the medical profession. He gave his services 
 
 17 
 
Ha UlnnoQraplj 
 
 in behalf of stricken humanity. It was most interesting to 
 hear of his duties on shipboard, and how he equipped for his 
 own use a diminutive temporary hospital in one corner of 
 the ship, for quick service, and to give relief where it was 
 necessary. Some of his personal experiences were related at 
 the first large meeting of the Red Cross in New Orleans on 
 July the 1st, 1916. 
 
 WHILE THE RED CROSS BANNER UNFURLED IN THE 
 SOUTH, WITH MEXICO ALL IN A WHIRL 
 
 Telegrams from the New York Herald issued Nov. 22nd, 1918. 
 
 March 10th, 1916. 
 
 President orders troops to Mexico to catch Villa, Dead or Alive- 
 Outlaw Band again Cross Border. 
 
 "FRANCISCO VILLA ALIVE OR DEAD." 
 
 This is the edict of the Government of the United States in State- 
 ment issued by President Wilson immediately after a meeting of 
 the Cabinet to-day. 
 
 March the 11th, 1916. 
 
 "The adequate force will be sent at once in pursuit of Villa, with 
 the single object of capturing him, and putting a stop to his forays. 
 This can be done, and will be done in an entirely friendly aid of the 
 Constitute Authorities of Mexico, and with respect for the Sov- 
 ereignity of THAT COUNTRY." 
 
 Probably (80,000) Men in the Expedition under arrangements that 
 were perfected by General Hugh L. Scott, and the General Staff of 
 the army, the Expeditionary Forces constituting not less than 50,000 
 men, probably 80,000. 
 
 Major General (Funston) indicated to the War Department his de- 
 sire to personally take charge of the Expeditionary Forces. 
 
 18 
 
iflg iJlano^rajili 
 
 The only formal statement issued by the War Department, con- 
 cerning the character of the Expedition was this: 
 
 "There is no intention of entering Mexico in force. A sufficient body 
 of mobile troops will be sent in to locate, and disperse, or capture 
 the band or bands that attacked "Columbia." As soon as the forces 
 of the "de facto" Government, can take control of the situation, any 
 forces of the United States men remaining in Mexico will of course, 
 be with-drawn. The forces of the United States NOW ON the Bor- 
 der will be immediately recruited; but only for the purpose of safe 
 guarding the territory of the United States from further raids. 
 
 United States troops remained on the Border a little over ten months 
 trying to restore order. 
 
 About the 6th of July relations began to grow more peaceful, due 
 to Gonzales friendly note and text. 
 
 Friendly commissioners to pass on Border issue were suggested 
 Saturday, July 15th, when the United States was ready to submit 
 disputes to "International Body." 
 
 The President of the United States, by right of his ex- 
 alted position also becomes the President of the Red Cross, 
 and so it is that the Honorable Woodrow Wilson, personally 
 directs all of the activities through the present war crisis. 
 He deems the situation so exceedingly critical that he has 
 sent an urgent personal message to our Chairman, Mr. Frank 
 B. Hayne, which was read at the Executive Meeting just 
 before war was declared, to secure additional funds to be 
 equal to any emergency that may arise. 
 
 19 
 
UJg iSl0n05ra|ilj 
 
 It has now been nearly three years since the beginning 
 of this wonderful war relief work in New Orleans, and suc- 
 cess is due to every woman who has contributed her time 
 and energies while doing her bit, as well as to every man who 
 has fulfilled his share of the contract towards building up 
 this great humanitarian work, and to them I feel that I should 
 make clear any part that I may have taken in its organiza- 
 tion. It takes many units to make a whole, and to the com- 
 bined efforts of the many working branches and auxiliaries in 
 city, town and country parishes have helped to produce the 
 present wonderful organization. 
 
 It may be of interest to those who have worked for the 
 Red Cross, as members of the Executive Committee, to know 
 that about two years ago, in April of 1916, there was a meet- 
 ing of the National Nurses Convention of the American Red 
 Cross, held in New Orleans, at the Grunewald Hotel, where 
 the Nurses' Association had their headquarters. Miss Jane 
 Delano, of Washington, D. C, who is the Chairman of the 
 Nursing Service, and on several advisory boards in Washing- 
 ton, sent me a message to the effect that she desired a per- 
 sonal interview with me. This message was given me over 
 the phone by Miss Daspit, one of the Red Cross nurses of 
 New Orleans. Being rather surprised at the request, coming 
 as it were, from a perfect stranger, I lost no time in calling 
 at the Grunewald, and was told that Miss Mabel Boardman 
 of Washington, with whom I had enjoyed a casual acquaint- 
 
 20 
 
Hg monD^rapIi 
 
 ance, had suggested my name as one who might be interested 
 in the organization of the New Orleans Chapter of the Ameri- 
 can Red Cross, and of placing the American Red Cross in the 
 entire state of Louisiana. After going over the situation very 
 seriously with Miss Delano, frankly admitting my inexperi- 
 ence in the work of the Red Cross, we both realized the great 
 necessity of beginning with as little delay as possible, secur- 
 ing every means in my power towards bringing this great work 
 of humanity to the Southern States, owing to the seriousness 
 of the Mexican situation at that particular time, and the im- 
 pending crisis then hanging over the entire country and the 
 city of New Orleans in particular, as at that moment the 
 Washington Artillery had received their call to go to the 
 Mexican border ; the Washington Artillery meaning, of course, 
 our very own boys. 
 
 The gravity of the situation was brought forcibly to 
 me, and I therefore promised my heartiest co-operation. The 
 first step I took with as little delay as possible was a direct 
 appeal to Washington, asking to be fully equipped and to be 
 given the necessary information on the subject. This being 
 done with only a few weeks intervening, I then wrote a more 
 explanatory appeal to Washington, for authorization to begin 
 the Red Cross Work in Louisiana. The telegram and letter, 
 copies of which I will insert are in answer to my appeal. 
 
 21 
 
lEg ilHaunQraijlj 
 
 WESTERN UNION TELEGRAM. 
 167 AN 
 
 Dated Washington, D. C. 
 
 July 4, 1916 
 
 Mrs. George B Penrose, 
 2302 Prytania Street, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Answering yours of the 3rd, I am sending you letter of authori- 
 zation. 
 
 CHARLES J. O'CONNOR 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 Dec. 1, 1916 
 Pursuant to written call issued and signed by Mrs. George 
 B. Penrose, July 6th, 1916, and in accordance with authoriza- 
 tion to organize a Chapter of the American Red Cross, re- 
 ceived from Charles J. O'Connor, Assistant Director General, 
 Civilian Relief, A. R. C, under date of July 4, 1916, reading 
 as follows : 
 
 "Mrs. Geo. B. Penrose, 
 2302 Prytania Street, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Dear Madam: 
 
 We have your telegram of July 3rd, asking for authorization 
 to organize a Chapter. 
 
 You and the persons named in your letter of June 6th to Miss 
 Boardman, are hereby authorized to organize the New Orleans Chap- 
 ter of the American Red Cross with jurisdiction over the City of 
 New Orleans, La.; A meeting may be called, officers and an Executive 
 Committee elected and the organization completed. Upon receipt 
 of a statement giving the name and addresses of the officers elected 
 an official letter of recognition will be issued to the new Chapter. 
 
 22 
 
ma iJlonogtapli 
 
 The officers are Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Treasurer and Secretary. 
 The Executive Committee, which is required by the regulations, will 
 direct the affairs of the Chapter. 
 
 We would suggest that in the organization you co-operate close- 
 ly with the Chairman of the Committee on Red Cross Nursing Ser- 
 vice, Miss Daspit, and the members of the State Board in New 
 Orleans, who are: Mr. John J. Gannon, Treasurer, Mr. John M. Park- 
 er, Mr. Charles Janvier and Mr. W. R. Irby, members. 
 
 For a permanent success and the securing of a large member- 
 ship it will be found that the active participation of business men 
 will be essential. The experience of a number of Chapters during 
 our present membership campaign has demonstrated this fact. 
 
 We trust that the proposed Chapter will be successfully organ- 
 ized and will soon acquire a large membership. 
 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 (Signed) CHARLES J. O'CONNOR, 
 
 Asst. Director General, 
 
 Civilian Relief." 
 
 I lost no time in interesting the aid of my personal friends 
 even at this early date, making requests to all with whom I 
 came in contact. The summer months were then upon us. 
 The time seemed most inopportune for organization of any 
 sort. It would be hard for me to tell you, and harder for you 
 to realize with what discouragement I met at first, but 
 I have always believed in the saying; "there is no such word 
 as fail." I began to convince people of the necessity of this 
 great humanitarian work. My inspiration finally became 
 theirs and one by one the obstacle began to be brushed aside. 
 At this particular time I did the entire work without assist- 
 ance and incidentally covered the whole state of Louisiana 
 with appeals, and I duly authorized posters penetrating even 
 
 23 
 
iHg iHJano5ra|iI| 
 
 into the most obscure sections, wherever there was a post 
 office to be found, or a newspaper to be reached. 
 The post offices in question are as follows: 
 
 POST OFFICES 
 
 Orleans Parish 
 
 Algiers 
 Little Woods 
 New Orleans 
 Pontchartrain Grove 
 
 St. Bernard Parish 
 
 Alluvial 
 Arabi 
 Chalmette 
 Mereaux 
 Poydras 
 St. Bernard 
 Violet 
 Shell Beach 
 
 Jeflf erson Parish 
 
 Barataria 
 
 Geraty 
 
 Grand Isle 
 
 Gretna 
 
 Harvey 
 
 Kenner 
 
 Lafitte 
 
 Marrero 
 
 McDonoghville 
 
 Waggaman 
 
 Westwego 
 
 Plaquemine Parish 
 
 Buras 
 Burwood 
 Carlisle 
 City Price 
 Belair 
 
 Plaquemine Parish 
 
 Plaquemine Parish 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 Belle Chase 
 
 Taft 
 
 Bertrandville 
 
 Fort St. Philip 
 
 Boothville 
 
 Happy Jack 
 
 Braitwaite 
 
 Home Place 
 
 Dalcour 
 
 Jesuit Bend 
 
 Davant 
 
 Neptune 
 
 Diamond 
 
 Nero 
 
 Empire 
 
 Welcome 
 
 English Turn 
 Daisy 
 
 St. James Parish 
 
 Junior 
 
 Burton 
 
 Lawrence 
 
 C entrain 
 
 Myrtle Grove 
 
 Convent 
 
 Nairn 
 
 Feitel 
 
 Naomi 
 
 Gramercy 
 
 Nester 
 
 Hester 
 
 Nicholls 
 
 Lagan 
 
 Olga 
 
 Lauderdale 
 
 Ostrica 
 
 Lutcher 
 
 Phoenix 
 
 Paulina 
 
 Pilot Town 
 
 Remy 
 
 Pointe-a-la-Hache 
 
 St. Amelia 
 
 Port Eads 
 
 St. James 
 
 Potash 
 
 St. Patrick 
 
 Quarantine 
 
 Timberton 
 
 Sunrise 
 
 Union 
 
 Triumph 
 Venice 
 
 St. Tammany 
 
 Wills Point 
 
 Parish 
 
 Montz 
 
 Abita Springs 
 
 Paradis 
 
 Alton 
 
 St. Rose 
 
 Blond 
 
 Sellers 
 
 Bonfouca 
 
 24 
 
Uig ilHanDsrapli 
 
 
 Post Offices (continued) 
 
 St. Tammany 
 
 St. Tammany 
 
 Terrebone Parish 
 
 Parish 
 
 Parish 
 
 Bourg 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 Chacahoula 
 
 Galloway 
 Goodbee 
 
 Covington 
 
 Florenville 
 
 Folsom 
 
 Chauvin 
 Donner 
 
 Honey Island 
 
 Dulac 
 
 Houltonvllle 
 
 St. Charles Parish 
 
 Ellendale 
 
 Hygeia 
 
 Ama 
 
 Falgoust 
 
 Lacombe 
 
 Boutte 
 
 Gibson 
 
 Madisonville 
 
 Hahnville 
 
 Gray 
 
 Mandeville 
 
 Killona 
 
 Houma 
 
 Maud 
 
 La Branche 
 
 
 Oaklawn 
 
 Luling 
 
 Lafourche Parish 
 
 Onvil 
 
 Pearl River 
 Ramsey 
 
 Moberly 
 
 St. John the Baptist 
 
 Allemands 
 Ariel 
 
 St. Benedict 
 
 Parish 
 
 Bowie 
 
 St. Tammany 
 
 Edgard 
 
 Delta Farms 
 
 Slidell 
 
 Frenier 
 
 Gheens 
 
 Starling 
 
 Grayville 
 
 Kramer 
 
 Sun 
 
 Laplace 
 
 Lafourche Crossing 
 
 Talisheek 
 
 Lions 
 
 Lockport 
 
 Violin 
 
 Lucy 
 
 Mathews 
 
 Waldheim 
 
 Mount Airy 
 
 Raceland 
 
 Bush 
 
 Reserve 
 
 Rita 
 
 Chinchuba 
 
 Wallace 
 
 Thibodeaux 
 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, Washington, D. C. 
 
 New Orleans, La. May 18, 1916. 
 
 Dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 I was very glad to receive your letter of May 13th, and to 
 learn of your interest in the Red Cross. We ought to have a strong 
 and representative chapter in New Orleans, and I hope one will be 
 organized here. Can you send me a list of a dozen or more of th« 
 prominent men in New Orleans, who with you will be willing to take 
 up the matter of organizing a chapter. The chapter organization 
 belongs under Ernest P. Bicknell, who is just now away from 
 Washington, but if you can send me a list of your most prominent 
 
 25 
 
Hg iJlnnograpli 
 
 citizens who will co-operate with you, I am sure we will be glad 
 to assist them to form such a chapter. I am sending you under 
 separate cover some literature on the Red Cross that may be of 
 help. I was very glad to learn of the work in organizing classes. 
 With warmest regards and many thanks for your kind interest and 
 help. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
 MABEL T. BOARDMAN 
 
 Mrs. Geo. B. Penrose, May 10, 1916 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 Dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 I have recently received your letter together with the clippings 
 and various other matters in regard to the work in New Orleans. 
 May I first of all congratulate you on your success in organizing 
 a Red Cross Chapter and send with this my best wishes. I remem- 
 ber with such pleasure our interview at the Grunewald Hotel, and 
 shall, watch the progress of the work in New Orleans. The sample 
 boxes of surgical dressings have been sent you, and I hope have 
 reached you safely by this time. I am more than glad of your 
 interest in the work and if I can be of any further service to you, 
 will be glad to hear from you. I can well understand how 
 you feel with your son leaving for the Border, but know those 
 left at home will have ample opportunity to be of service with the 
 organization of classes in Elementary Hygiene and Home Care of 
 the sick. 
 
 I enclose circular of importance concerning these courses and 
 also the names of the Physicians who have been secured to con- 
 duct these Special Classes. 
 
 With every best wish for the success of the Chapter in New 
 Orleans. 
 
 Believe me. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 JANE A. DELANO 
 
 Chairman National Committee 
 Red Cross Nursing 
 Service 
 26 
 
Ulg iKonagrapli 
 
 OTHER LETTERS OF AUTHORITY TO ORGANIZE 
 
 Washington, D. C, Jxme 15th, 1916 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 2302 Prytania Street, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 Your letter of June 6th to Mr. Ernest T. Bicknell concerning 
 the organization of a Chapter in New Orleans has been received. 
 
 The letter addressed to Mr. Bicknell by Mr. John M. Parker, re- 
 ferred to by you as enclosed in your letter, was not in the letter to 
 Mr. Bicknell nor in that of the same date to Miss Boardman. 
 
 The Red Cross appreciates very much the interest that you 
 have shown and the service done in securing names of people to 
 take up the organization of a Chapter. We can now proceed with 
 the matter. The organization of Chapters in Louisiana is directly 
 in charge of the Director of the Central Division, Mr. John J. O'Con- 
 nor, 112 West Adams Street, Chicago, 111. We have taken this 
 matter up with Mr. O'Connor, and you can now secure directions 
 for the organization from him. We have asked Mr. O'Connor to 
 communicate with you upon this subject. 
 Very truly yours, 
 
 CHARLES J. O'CONNOR, 
 Asst. Director General, Civilian Relief. 
 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, June 24th, 1916. 
 
 2302 Prytania Street, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 My dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 After a slight delay your letter of June 6th, to Miss Boardman 
 at Washington has been forwai'ded to me for consideration and ad- 
 vice. We are much gratified with the list of members which you 
 submit. We would like to get a New Orleans chapter under way 
 at once, without delay, because of the developments in Mexico. 
 
 New Orleans may be an important hospital base and depot for 
 supplies. At any rate it is certain that your city will feel the Mexi- 
 
 27 
 
IMh Mt^ttQB^npH 
 
 can activity very much. I send you herewith a complete statement 
 on method of organizing a New Orleans chapter. If you will send 
 me the petition referred to with check to cover the applications of 
 the petitioners. I will have approval of it wired you. Can you not 
 take this matter up with an important group at once? 
 
 Owing to the fact that you are personally known to Miss 
 Boardman and we are assured of a New Orleans chapter being in 
 the hands of a responsible group I would like to have you organize 
 at the first meeting, elect the officers and directors and send their 
 names to me. 
 
 A strong local organization will assure New Orleans of consoli- 
 dated work, responsible handling of and accounting for funds and 
 high grade work. It will assure the Red Cross of the interest and 
 assistance of your important city. 
 
 Eagerly awaiting word from you, I am, 
 
 JOHN J. O'CONNOR, 
 
 Director, Central Division 
 
 After permanent organization had gone into effect, I then 
 undertook a new branch of the work, when I became Chair- 
 man of Town and Country parishes, the ones that were per- 
 sonally covered by me included the parishes of Orleans, As- 
 cension, Assumption, Jefferson, Lafourche, Plaquemine, St. 
 Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. John the Baptist, Tangi- 
 pahoa, St. Tammany, Terrebonne, St. Mary. 
 
 In August 1917, Miss Lucia Miltenberger became Chair- 
 man of Women's Work and with but few changes the officers 
 of the chapter remain the same. This list covers the changes. 
 
 MR. FRANK B. HAYNE, J. H. EASTIN, Asst. Secretary 
 
 Chairman LUCIA A. MILTENBERGER, 
 
 Chr. Woman's Work 
 MRS. GEORGE B. PENROSE, „^^^ „, '^tt 
 
 Honorarv Chairman WM. MASON SMITH, 
 
 Honorary onairman ^j^^ ^^^ Comm. 
 
 P. S. MORRIS, 1st Vice-Chairman S. A. SEELYE, 
 
 ST. CLAIR ADAMS C^^' ^°«^- °^ Supplies 
 
 2nd Vice-chairman WM. H. HEYL, Cashier 
 
 W. R. IRBY, Treasurer EMILE V. STIER, Secretary 
 
 28 
 
UJh Hlan09rapl| 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 
 
 FRANK B. HAYNE MISS LUCIA MILTENBERGER 
 
 W. R. IRBY S. A. SEELYE 
 
 MRS. GEORGE B. PENROSE BEN BEEKMAN 
 
 S. P. WALMSLEY W. S. PENICK 
 
 CAPT. P. S. MORRIS JOHN A. BADGER 
 
 ST. CLAIR ADAMS ROBERT G. GUERARD 
 
 WM. MASON SMITH EMILE V. STIER 
 
 We have reason to be proud of the personnel of this com- 
 mittee and to the great efficiency and the untiring work of 
 these men is due the success of the Red Cross in the State of 
 Louisiana. 
 
 29 
 
CHAPTER III 
 
 T the very beginning there were classes 
 in First Aid and Elementary Hygiene or- 
 ganized, duly authorized by Miss Delano, 
 of Washington, under the direction of Dr. 
 Isidore Cohn of Touro, Miss R. Williamson 
 and Miss Daspit, being authorized by Washington to con- 
 duct the examination, which she did, and in due time, 
 those who passed these examinations were given a certificate 
 sent out by Washington. Incidental to the beginning of this 
 work, I would insert these notices of June 29th, 1916, from 
 the Times-Picayune and the Daily States of same date, giving 
 minute details of the activities that had been covered even in 
 that early stage of Red Cross Work in Louisiana. 
 
 "CLIPPINGS FROM TIMES-PICAYUNE AND STATES." 
 Many loyal women will give time and labor to care for 
 the wounded. 
 
 "While the womanhood of the South principally in the 
 states proximate to Mexico — has been busy for the past few 
 months laying plans for the launching of those "preparedness" 
 activities which afford the only field in which the services of 
 the gentler sex are needed, perhaps nowhere else in Dixie, 
 
 30 
 
Ulg iEonngrapli 
 
 or in the whole country for that matter, have the patriotic 
 women thrown their shoulders to the wheel of "preparedness' 
 as they have in New Orleans. 
 
 "Headed by Mrs. Geo. B. Penrose, the organization of a 
 New Orleans Chapter of the National Red Cross Society has 
 been put under way, and classes of assistant nurses have been 
 instructed and examined. Mrs. Penrose, three years ago, was 
 a visitor in Washington when Miss Mabel Boardman, then 
 deeply engaged with the Central Committee of the Red Cross, 
 addressed a meeting on the importance of Elementary 
 Hygiene, First Aid, and Preparedness among women as well as 
 military preparedness among men, in view of the seriousness 
 of the Mexican situation. 
 
 "Mrs. Penrose was impressed, and when the National 
 Trained Nurses' Association was in convention at New Orleans 
 in April of 1916, and she then earnestly took up plans for the 
 organization of the New Orleans Chapter of the American 
 Red Cross. 
 
 "Miss Jane A. Delano, chairman of the National Red 
 Cross Association of Washington, attended the convention 
 here, and she highly commended Mrs. Penrose's determina- 
 tion to enlist the help of New Orleans men and women. 
 
 "It was Miss Delano's opinion at that time that work 
 on the organization of Red Cross chapters in this section of 
 the country could not begin too soon, and she persuaded Mrs. 
 Penrose to take hold at once as New Orleans is so close to 
 Mexico; transportation facilities between this city and the 
 
 31 
 
mig iKunosrapli 
 
 border are so good, and Red Cross preparedness is of such 
 importance, that Miss Delano urged Mrs. Penrose to lose no 
 time in soliciting the help of the men and women of this city. 
 "This work was begun with great enthusiasm and as a 
 result there were two classes of women, each class number- 
 ing about twenty, that have taken up instructions under 
 nurses and physicians appointed by Washington Red Cross 
 headquarters, and have taken the examinations which are to 
 fit them as aides to trained nurses. 
 
 "But the forming of these classes has been only a small 
 part of the vast work Mrs. Penrose and the women associated 
 with her have taken up. 
 
 "The Red Cross chapter of New Orleans will comprise 
 many organization of women who will give all their spare time 
 throughout the summer to preparing surgical dressings for 
 use in the impending war with Mexico. Hospital clothes for 
 wounded soldiers, such as pajamas, shirts, bandages, etc., also 
 must be made, and already local women have turned out a 
 quantity of these necessities. 
 
 "From Red Cross headquarters in Washington models for 
 surgical dressings, bandages and clothes have been received 
 by Mrs. Penrose, who, in turn issues instructions to the vari- 
 ous groups already organized. Other cities in this part of the 
 country are doing the same thing, and this Red Cross equip- 
 ment will be stored in cities within easy reach of Mexico. 
 
 "For so great and important an undertaking, many more 
 
 82 
 
ly HHono^raplj 
 
 women are needed as members of the local chapter of the Red 
 Cross. New members will not be lacking, however, as this is 
 the first call Mrs. Penrose has issued for additions to the ranks 
 of the newly launched association. 
 
 "Mrs. Penrose heads the only Red Cross organization in 
 New Orleans and the Southern States, and it will be from this 
 group that assistant nurses first will be called. Though she 
 has met with remarkable success, she feels that too many 
 members cannot be enrolled. The membership fee per year is 
 $1.00, and all the receipts go towards purchasing supplies for 
 use of the Red Cross Society. 
 
 "The two classes of assistant nurses which have been or- 
 ganized here and which have taken the examination are only 
 awaiting their certificates from Washington before they will 
 be qualified to serve as aides. One of these classes was or- 
 ganized by Miss Margot Samuel and the other by Mrs. Pen- 
 rose. 
 
 "Miss Samuel's class consists of fourteen, while twenty 
 have taken the examination in Mrs. Penrose's class. Instruc- 
 tions were given by Miss R. Williamson, trained nurse at the 
 Charity Hospital and Dr. Isidore Cohn. Both Miss William- 
 son and Dr. Cohn were appointed by Red Cross headquarters 
 in Washington to conduct the classes. 
 
 "Six lecturers and demonstrations by Miss Williamson, 
 and five lessons and demonstrations by Dr. Cohn comprised 
 the course. The lessons were held at the Charity Hospital 
 and Touro Infirmary. 
 
 33 
 
ig iUonograpli 
 
 "When both classes had completed the course, word was 
 sent Miss Delano that examinations could start, and Miss 
 Delano immediately sent the list of questions which com- 
 prised the test. These were put in the hands of Miss Daspit, 
 Chairman of the Red Cross Nursing Association in New Or- 
 leans, La., who had taken no part in the instruction of the 
 classes. Orders were that the questions would remain sealed 
 until both classes were gathered ready for the test. The ex- 
 aminations were held Tuesday of last week by Miss Daspit, 
 and the answers of all members were forwarded to Washing- 
 ton, where they will be passed on by Miss Delano and her 
 committee, and the successful members will be forwarded 
 their certificates of attainment. 
 
 "More classes of assistant nurses will be organized. Mrs. 
 Penrose is ready to furnish information to any women who 
 desire to form a class. Taking the course and the exam- 
 ination does not compel members to serve. There is no en- 
 listment and no strings are attached to joining any class, 
 though Mrs. Penrose states that many of the women in the 
 two classes already examined will take up the work. Those 
 who cannot leave the city will lend their aid in preparing of 
 equipment. 
 
 "Each class must consist of not less than twelve and no 
 more than twenty members. And each class must be in 
 charge of a Red Cross nurse, and must take the course adopted 
 by the Red Cross Association. 
 
 34 
 
M^ Uliinograpli 
 
 "Mrs. Penrose will continue the work of class organiza- 
 tion, and also will redouble her efforts towards enrolling mem- 
 bers in the New Orleans Red Cross Chapter. 
 
 "Following are the names of women of the two classes 
 which have taken examinations: 
 
 "Miss Samuels Class — Mesdames George B. Penrose, Wil- 
 liam Stewart, Franklin Pugh, S. M. D. Clark, Donald Maginnis 
 and Henry Chaffe, Misses Therese Kohn, Laura Hobson, Sadie 
 Downman, Elizabeth Carroll, Lucia Miltenberger, Jean Gan- 
 non and Dorothy Spencer. 
 
 "Mrs. Penrose's Class — Mesdames William Formento, 
 Richard McMillan, Henry Nordell, Carlos Gravenberg and 
 Philip Williams, Misses Edith Clark, Elizabeth Lyman, Marie 
 Celeste Villere, Eleanore Havard, Katherine Havard, Carrie 
 Walmsley, Byrd Walmsley, Margaret Montgomery, Natalie 
 Scott, Susie Goodwin, Josephine Witherspoon, Adele Monrose, 
 Enriette Lewis and Eliza Mason Smith and Mrs. Penrose. 
 
 "In the beginning of our organization the Times Picayune 
 sent Miss Flo Fields to the headquarters to make a report of 
 the work that had been covered up to that time, and her 
 opinion is expressed in a beautiful conception of a base 
 hospital. 
 
 35 
 
iKg iMonograjili 
 
 "WHAT IT MEANS TO ESTABLISH A BASE HOSPITAL, 
 FIRST IN THE SOUTH AT NEW ORLEANS- 
 WONDERFUL ORGANIZATION IS 
 REQUISITE" 
 The address made by our Eminent Physician Dr. Rudolph 
 Matas — at the meeting in July 6th, 1916, the copy of which 
 was given to me for use at that time. On organizing our Base 
 Hospital Unit No. 24. 
 
 "For more than a year, all over large territories of the 
 United States, the people, the every-day American People, 
 have been weaving with their individual interest, their in- 
 dividual service of actual work and their personal offerings 
 of money, a strength and a beauty of nationality that is finer 
 than any flag that ever swung against the sky. The work 
 of American people, civilians of all classes, from all kinds of 
 communities, to that single purpose, the caring for the men 
 who will pay in blood for national principles — that is the Red 
 Cross, a badge of purity that no land in the world has worn 
 as this country will wear it. It is destined to bind classes 
 and communities as it will bind thoughts into a harmony of 
 care. It is the great touch of nature, this American idea of 
 sending sectional corps which are from home to see to the 
 wounds of the fellows from home — that makes all kin. 
 
 The Great Idea (it is worth capitals) was originally sug- 
 gested to the surgeon general of the army. Colonel Jefferson 
 Kean, who is director general of the American Red Cross by 
 Dr. George W. Crile, of Cleveland. Dr. Crile is now with one 
 
 36 
 
Ig monograph 
 
 of the Western reserves in France. The army has its medical 
 corps, but its doctors are all army men, their work necessarily 
 limited. The army naturally can not carry doctors of great 
 specialist experience, who work daily in the best clinics, hos- 
 pitals and sanitariums of the cities. Therefore, last April, a 
 year ago, with the ultimate end in event of war of putting 
 to use the medical genius of the country, a congress of physi- 
 cians and surgeons was held in Washington, D. C. The result of 
 that congress was the formation of a National Committee of 
 American Physicians for medical preparedness, with the great 
 Dr. William J. Mayo, of Rochester, Minn., as president, and 
 Dr. Frank Simpson, of Pittsburg, as secretary. Among the 
 thirty representative members of this national committee is 
 Dr. Rudolph Matas of New Orleans. 
 
 Our Base Hospital Unit has been equipped, stands ready 
 with its professional corps to go somewhere in France. 
 
 The object of the national committee is to obtain 
 by the careful work of state committees informa- 
 tion for the army and navy about the medical resources of 
 communities throughout each state. That is, the number of 
 sanitariums, hospitals, doctors and an inventory of the special 
 qualifications of individual civilian physicians, so that at a 
 moment's call the government would have in its hands, data, 
 facts, definite material on which to depend. By canvassing 
 the entire medical profession of the United States, the govern- 
 ment will gather 200 reserve surgeons and physicians in 
 proportion to one million of the population — in all 25,000 
 
 37 
 
U5g iKnnoQrapli 
 
 efficient medical men to form the army medical reserve corps, 
 enrolled for a term of three years and pledged to respond to 
 the summons of the surgeon general when needed. 
 
 The state committee of nine doctors for Louisiana is 
 made up of Dr. S. M. D. Clark, Chairman ; Drs. W. L. Seeman 
 president Louisiana State Medical Society, during incumbency ; 
 L. R. De Bys, Secretary Louisiana State Medical Society dur- 
 ing incumbency; Isadore Dyer, Herman B. Gessner, Urban 
 Maes, C. Jeff Miller, Frederick W. Parham, J. C. Willis, 
 Rudolph Matas, member of national committee. 
 
 The work of canvassing the medical profession in every 
 state in the Union is still going on. The immediate result 
 of this enormous investigation has been the organization of 
 civilian base hospital units which began in May of this year 
 1917. 
 
 This is how the states register: New York City has pre- 
 pared 9 units, Buffalo, Rochester, Albany have given 3 more, 
 California 2, Ohio 3, Illinois 4, Colorado 1, Pennsylvania 4, 3 
 of these from Philadelphia and 1 from Pittsburg; Indiana 1, 
 Louisiana 1, Maryland 1, Massachusetts 3, Michigan 2, Mis- 
 souri 2, Minnesota 1. Then individual institutions have units, 
 Harvard University, for example. In all thirty-six units are 
 to the credit of Americanism. 
 
 The equipment of each unit represents contributions 
 amounting to $25,000. 
 
 In the South, below Baltimore, but one hospital base unit 
 has been equipped, stands ready with its professional corps 
 
 38 
 
iiflg m0n05ra|il| 
 
 and has almost filled its rank of enlisted personnel. 
 
 That unit is the New Orleans base Hospital, No. 24 — ac- 
 complished under the auspices of the New Orleans Chapter of 
 American Red Cross. 
 
 This is the gift of Louisiana by the people of Louisiana 
 — the first and so far the only Southern base hospital unit 
 organized. 
 
 It is practically ready for France. 
 
 In the New Orleans Mint are stored eighty-five boxes of 
 hospital materials. There is $25,000 worth of medical appa- 
 ratus, everything needed for operating, tables, instruments, 
 X-ray laboratory, etc. There is $4500 worth of surgical sup- 
 plies. There is $6000 worth of consumable supplies, such as 
 hundreds of pairs of pajamas, operating bed shirts, operating 
 leggins, bed socks, shoulder wraps, convelascent gowns, aprons, 
 etc. 
 
 So the people of Louisiana through contributions to the 
 New Orleans chapter of the American Red Cross have pre- 
 pared ready for use, a hospital that will cover 19,000 square 
 feet of space, a hospital that will be larger than Touro, that 
 will take with it a corps of Charity Hospital and Touro Gradu- 
 ates, and a medical staff from Tulane University. 
 
 At the head of the New Orleans base hospital unit, as 
 acting director of the unit to remain in charge until it is 
 mobilized and he is relieved by a commandant appointed by 
 the surgeon general, is Dr. Rudolph Matas. At the present 
 time and in temporary service Dr. Matas appointed Dr. John 
 
 39 
 
T. Halsey, acting as adjutant of the unit, and Dr. 1. 1. Lemann, 
 acting quartermaster. Mr. A. B. Tipping is purchasing agent. 
 These positions will be taken up permanently by government 
 men. Their occupation now is simply a saving of government 
 time. The professional personnel of the New Orleans hospital 
 unit are : Dr. Urban Maes, assistant director surgeon and chief 
 of the operating staff, and Dr. John B. Elliott, chief of medical 
 section in the unit and assistant director. The ten captains 
 who form the staff of surgeons are : Dr. John Smyth, Dr. Eras- 
 mus Fenner, Dr. Joseph Hume, Dr. Charles Chamberlain, Dr. 
 S. Paul Klotz, Dr. J. T. Halsey, Dr. Joseph Weis, Dr. I. I. 
 Lemann, Dr. Chaille Jamison, Dr. John Lanford, assistant 
 director in charge of laboratories. The twelve lieutenants are : 
 Oculist, Dr. Charles A. Bahn; in charge ear, nose and throat. 
 Dr. Harold A. Kearney; Assistant pathologist and bacteriolo- 
 gist. Dr. B. King Raud; Dr. Paul G. Lacroix, assistant staff 
 surgeon (ward surgeon) ; Dr. Alexander Ficklen, assistant 
 staff surgeon (ward surgeon) ; Dr. Muir Bradburn, assistant 
 staff surgeon (ward surgeon) ; Dr. John F. Dicks, assistant 
 staff surgeon (ward surgeon) ; Dr. Charles K. Wall, assistant 
 staff surgeon (ward surgeon) ; Dr. E. R. Bowie, radiologist ; 
 Dr. Oscar Joseph Trappey, dentist; Paul de Verges, dentist 
 senior; neurologist, under consideration. 
 
 This shows the personnel of our Base Hospital Unit No. 
 24, recorded as the Tulane Unit, now under the authorized 
 supervision of Major John Elliott, there the best men of our 
 Medical corps answered first call for 'duty' "Somewhere Over 
 
 40 
 
fflg HHonDsrapli 
 
 There," where they have been actively engaged ever since. 
 New Orleans is justly proud of the work they are contributing 
 to this Unit. They are nearly all Tulane University men who 
 have gone to carry on their part of this great humanitarian 
 work. 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE WORK OF THE NEW ORLEANS CHAPTER 
 
 OF THE AMERICAN RED CROSS IN ITS EARLY 
 
 STAGES BY FLO FIELD 
 
 "It is significant that one of the great initial movements 
 with which the United States entered the war is of deep, 
 practical initiative humanity. 
 
 "It is the organization among civilian communities of 
 hospital units to go to Europe and help in the care of our 
 sick and wounded soldiers. 
 
 "This means that from every part of the country where 
 such units have been formed, there will go everything per- 
 taining to a hospital, except the building itself, with a medical 
 coi'ps of physicians, nurses and all the personnel, from diet- 
 itcians to clerks, cooks, orderlies, chauffeurs, etc., that form the 
 working world of a perfectly systemized hospital at home. The 
 staff numbers 300 persons. 
 
 "A base hospital carries with it 500 beds. It takes every 
 scientific appliance, every convenience, every necessity and 
 detail for modern hospital service. The equipment of medical 
 supplies is so large that should all of the 500 beds be filled at 
 once the soldiers could be cared for one month without re- 
 stocking. 
 
 41 
 
nnagrapli 
 
 "A base hospital is a movable hospital. At any time its 
 enormous equipment can be packed and carried to another 
 base which receives the wounded. 
 
 "A base hospital is not stationed on the actual fighting 
 "front." 
 
 "There are three "zones" for the wounded. The first 
 zone to which they are carried on stretchers is merely out 
 of the danger line. That is all. There can be no attention 
 given. Here they lie until it is possible to get them to the 
 second zone — those who survive. At the second zone they 
 receive the mercy of tarpaulin covers. Then the work of 
 bearing them on to the third zone begins. At the third zone, 
 to which they go in ambulances, and where there are a very 
 few nurses, they receive first aid attention. Not until then. 
 Those who can be patched up at once, whose hurts are not 
 serious, return to the battle. The desperately hurt and 
 shattered are taken by ambulance to the base hospital, usually 
 located in some town. And here they have the real hospital 
 care at last. 
 
 "The base hospital corps are at no time in danger. They 
 occupy a barracks or hospital building, but they are just as 
 ready to take quarters in an art museum or cathedral. As 
 the vast battling nucleus shifts, they pack up and follow in its 
 wake. Arrived, they are complete. There will be cooks, nurses, 
 all the personnel of a local institution. They all know each 
 other,and from the same community, their daily life has the 
 same language. Surrounded by strange peoples, in a strange 
 
 42 
 
iHg iUonograiitli 
 
 land they possess that great energy for team work that comes 
 of mutual sympathies and environments. 
 
 "A base hospital needs a fund of $30,000 to equip. 
 
 "When organized it becomes a part of the government 
 service and its entire staff is salaried. 
 
 "The staff consists of the professional corps, doctors, 
 surgeons, specialists who have been called from hospitals 
 or medical faculties. These are commissioned officers who are 
 appointed in their home locality to go with the hospital unit. 
 There is one director or chief surgeon, in charge, five as- 
 sistant surgeons, each in charge of a service of 100 beds, 
 three assistant surgeons, one orthopaedic surgeon, one genito- 
 urinary surgeon, three anesthetists, one pathologist and as- 
 sistant, one internist, one neurogolist, one oculist, ear, nose 
 and throat specialists, two dentists, two roentgenologists for 
 X-ray work. Altogether fifty individuals make the higher 
 administrative personnel. The pay of the commissioned per- 
 sonnel is ranged according to military rank; for example, the 
 director and chiefs of the surgical and medical service will 
 grade as major, captain and first lieutenant, a major receiving 
 $250.00 a month. Then comes a personnel of 140 men who are 
 enlisted in the medical reserve corps but not commissioned. 
 These rank from sergeant of the first class with salary of 
 $75.00 a month to privates. In this department there is a 
 broad scope of requirements. Every sort of employment may 
 be represented, and can be utilized. There is a need for cob- 
 blers, mechanics, bookkeepers, stenographers, chauffeurs — 
 
 43 
 
una^vvLp^ 
 
 for how could a hospital base appeal, say, to the French govern- 
 ment for an immediate shoemaker or tailor or carpenter? 
 
 "One cannot quite in a moment grasp the magnitude of 
 work and workers in a hospital. There must be laboratory 
 sections, pharmacy, departments, no end of clerical work, 
 even an information bureau. 
 
 "The chief nurse, who consults with the director of a 
 unit is responsible for the selection of nurses, and with the 
 exception of clerks and stenographers, all women who go with 
 the unit. These are: 
 
 Nurses — One chief nurse, one assistant chief nurse, one 
 night chief nurse, one charge nurse, operating room; five as- 
 sistant nurses, operating room; one charge nurse or dietician, 
 one assistant nurse or dietician, one charge nurse linen room, 
 thirty-eight medical and surgical wards (28 day, 10 night) 
 fifteen reserve not on roll. 
 
 Nurses' aids must be members of the Red Cross. At least 
 three of the above nurses should have had some practical 
 experience in the care of contagious diseases. 
 
 The nurses receive the same salaries as those of the 
 regular army and navy corps. All expenses are paid by the 
 government and the salary is "velvet" if one may introduce 
 such a word to the sacrifice and sadness of a war hospital 
 scene. 
 
 So much then, for the abstract presentment of a civilian 
 base hospital unit. 
 
 44 
 
ig iJJonnQrapI) 
 
 As an idea, an inspiration of efficiency, it is gloriously 
 American. 
 
 Never in the history of wars has such a thing been done. 
 
 There are philosophers who will talk to one cheeringly 
 of the need of war to shake extravagance out of the Ameri- 
 can people. To bring home to the young that a nation is 
 destiny, and life is fate, to restore the ideals of wholesome 
 simplicity. There are desk-side debaters who maintain that 
 we are having war to lower the women's skirts and make 
 the children realize that the world is not simply for their 
 amusement. These seem trifling morsels of vision to be 
 gained through such storms of blood, such long, far reaching 
 agonies. But one might better protest that if the war is to 
 benefit Americans as a people in their ideals, it is to create 
 a brother love, to knit a nation, as sections have been knitted 
 together by common purpose and service. 
 
 "It is possible that all the magnitude of work which has 
 accomplished the completion of one Southern unit and has 
 another New Orleans unit half perfected, would not have 
 reached so quick and splendid an outcome had it not been 
 the untiring energy and influence of one woman, Mrs. George 
 B. Penrose. There is something very lovely in the significance 
 that Mrs. Penrose a year or so ago gave the charm of her 
 personality to purely the social side of life. But then came 
 to New Orleans the nurses' convention of which Miss Jane 
 Delano was chairman. It was just one of those seemingly 
 small moments of destiny that lead to the fine developments 
 
 45 
 
Ulg HHonDgrapll 
 
 of energy and interest. Miss Delano asked Mrs. Penrose, 
 before she left New Orleans, to begin a Red Cross Chapter 
 here. It is only the weak who refuse responsibility and there 
 is in this pretty, gently moulded type of Southern woman a 
 strength and enthusiasm and belief which her own hard work 
 and the big results have proven. So she began to solicit 
 members. At parties, afternoons at the Country Club, she 
 enlisted the women who make that happy world who can 
 golf on week days. She wrote letters to friends and organi- 
 zations throughout the state. She made trips herself by auto, 
 the car shimmering with Red Cross flags, and wherever there 
 showed a possibility of interest and membership, there the 
 car came to a halt and Mrs. Penrose and her corps got out 
 and talked. Meantime she started in New Orleans a First Aid 
 Course and Elementary Hygiene with a Red Cross nurse as 
 instructor. There were 20 young women in the class who 
 with Mrs. Penrose took the course, in her own drawing room, 
 passed examinations and received certificates signed by 
 President Wilson and Mr. Taft. Interest had now been roused 
 generally. Appeals came in from young people who wanted 
 to join classes, the work grew. It was more than one could 
 manage. Mrs. Penrose turned for aid to Mrs. Lucien Lyons, 
 whose own energy for the task has proved of such inestimable 
 value. Mrs. Penrose appointed Mrs. Lyons chairman of sup- 
 plies and the work took definite form. There were now 
 between 200 and 300 members. The women met, cut out 
 hospital supplies by hand and made the garments at home. 
 
 46 
 
[g iJJonagraplj 
 
 An executive committee of well known men was formed. 
 Actually it was a preparedness committee. Money was con- 
 tributed, donations and membership moneys accumulated and 
 at last it was no longer an interest of localism, but an asso- 
 ciation of power for national needs. A telegram from Charles 
 J. O'Connor at Washington, authorizing Mrs. Penrose to or- 
 ganize a Red Cross chapter was received. There was a big 
 spirited meeting called by Mrs. Penrose and Mr. Frank Hayne 
 was elected chairman of the Red Cross Chapter in New 
 Orleans. 
 
 The local officers of the chapter were elected at a meeting 
 July 6th, 1916 those elected were Frank B. Hayne, chairman ; 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, honorary chairman; P. S. Morris, 
 vice-president; W. R. Irby, treasurer; W. J. Leppert, 
 secretary; executive committee; Frank B. Hayne, W. R. Irby, 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons, S. P. Walmsley, 
 Captain P. S. Morris, St. Clair Adams, Wm. Mason Smith, 
 W. E. Stauffer; Board of Directors: Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 Mrs. LeGrand J. Crumb, Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons, Miss Lucia 
 Miltenberger, Mrs. Randall T. Dugue, Mrs. (Dr.) F. W. Par- 
 ham, J. L. Onorato, Robt. G. Guerard, T. G. Bush, T. J. Walsh, 
 C. H. Ellis, Harold W. Newman, N. M. Leach, J. A. Badger, 
 John F. Clark, Sam Blum, Lynn H. Dinkins, Jeff D. Hardin, 
 Jr., W. S. Penick, Dr. Henry Daspit, R. W. Wilmot, Arsene 
 Perrilliat, Ben Beekman, Dr. H. Dickson Bruns. 
 
 Dr. Bruns is chairman of committee on instructions and 
 Dr. Frank Chalaron of sanitary training. 
 
 47 
 
g iaJnnograpli 
 
 This chapter covers more than Louisiana. Under its head 
 are included Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, Arkansas and 
 comprising the Gulf Division, which is so ably officered by 
 Mr. W. J. Leppert, who is director, but formerly our Secretary. 
 
 With the development of Red Cross work into chapter 
 formation, there began a busy time for Mrs. Penrose and the 
 women associated with her. 
 
 At a meeting in midsummer Dr. Matas, as member of 
 the national medical committee, proposed the formation of a 
 New Orleans base hospital unit to be sent to France. It was 
 the inevitable work for the chapter. Branches were organized 
 throughout the country parishes. Of this work for town 
 and country, Mrs. Penrose is chairman, while Mrs. 
 Lyons holds the no less arduous desk of the sup- 
 plies committee. Even at this early date the New Orleans 
 Chapter of the Red Cross has established five branches in 
 the city. The first branch is the Cadiz Branch, with Mrs. 
 R. N. Gourdain Smith at its head. Next in order came Mrs. 
 E. Bienvenue, who was aided by Father Prim's generous in- 
 terest. At 1516 Esplanade another branch formed by Mrs. 
 Horace E. Crump. The Philip Street Branch, under the Kings 
 Daughters, with Miss Rees, make up the complement of the 
 Working Staff and innumerable others being added each week 
 the New Orleans workers. And splendid workers they are. 
 At each branch 50 or 60 women a day have given their 
 utmost service. All materials for hospital garments are cut 
 at the headquarters building 316 Carondelet Street. On 
 
 48 
 
HHg iJIanoBrapli 
 
 the third floor of the building is the cutting room 
 and there, on a great long table bolts of material 
 are laid out, in thickness of 175 folds, the patterns 
 traced on the topmost fold, and the cutting performed with 
 an electric hand instrument that plows through the deepest 
 wad with more ease than one would have cutting butter. One 
 woman has given her daily services to this tremendous job. 
 Mrs. J. N. Roussel handles the electric cutter with profes- 
 sional surety, 500 garments a day; 175 garments at a time! 
 The round blade slithers away with a hum and garments 
 that will warm and comfort lads who have yet to suffer are 
 turned off to be given out and sewed by members of the local 
 branches. Down stairs supplies for the surgical department, 
 dressings and bandages, are being cut and wound into rolls. 
 There is a subtle sentiment among the women about winding 
 the bandages that are to bind wounds that will go deep as the 
 heart at home. 
 
 Off somewhere else in the building the boxes are packed 
 — still more hand work of stooping, folding, fitting with pro- 
 fessional accuracy the cases that are to cross the seas. 
 
 And it is all contributed labor, no salaries, other than 
 two or three which demand such services as only salary will 
 get, but the great bulk of real labor that has produced the 
 New Orleans base hospital unit is given through humane fel- 
 lowship. It begins in the dimes and dollars of far-off folks, 
 it works up through eflicient service and science, it flowers out 
 into a perfection of organization and into that deep cup of 
 
 49 
 
Ulg iHonaQrapti 
 
 lovely meaning will be caught and staunched the young blood 
 that is to flow somewhere in France. 
 
 Somewhere in France! The phrase has come to be one 
 of heroic mystery, beauty, sacrifice. To somewhere in France 
 the Southern base hospital unit will soon be going. It will 
 take to French, to British, to Italian, to American soldiers, 
 strong, splendid, practical service that is Louisiana's message 
 — her expression and her love." 
 
 Too much praise cannot be given to Miss Natalie Scott, 
 one of the brightest members of Mrs. Penrose's class, in Ele- 
 mentary Hygiene and First Aid, whose earnest endeavors 
 seemed to have an object in view even in those early days of 
 Red Cross work, and the objective point was France, as soon 
 as war was declared. She first went over there in the capacity 
 as Secretary to a very high government official, but later 
 begged to be released upon seeing how badly in need they were 
 of nurses to aid the wounded soldiers at that time: 
 
 "PRAISE N. 0. WAR NURSE IN BRAVERY" 
 
 Miss Natalie Scott shows courage during fighting in 
 France. 
 
 Miss Natalie Scott, popular New Orleans girl who has 
 been in France for more than a year, along with other nurses, 
 has received commendation for unusual bravery, according to 
 a report from Julia C. Stimson, chief nurse, American Red 
 Cross in France. 
 
 50 
 
Mji iHonograpIi 
 
 Major Moorehead, commanding officer of hospital No.- 
 
 reported bravery on the part of Miss Scott on the night when 
 B was horribly raided. 
 
 "One wing of the hospital," says the report, "was struck, 
 all windows shattered, and several adjacent building complete- 
 ly destroyed. In an annex nearby, were several American 
 patients who had been part of Miss Scott's responsibility. 
 Immediately after the bomb fell and destroyed the intervening 
 houses. Miss Scott in the pitchy darkness, crawled over the 
 pile of bricks and broken timbers and made her way into the 
 annex to see how her patients were and to reassure them. A 
 few days later during another raid. Miss Scott, although con- 
 pletely worn out, remained day and night at the side of a 
 dying American patient." 
 
 Other American nurses who received commendation for 
 bravery are: Miss Elmyra Bears, of Cambridge, Mass. (Wal- 
 tham Nurses Training School, Waltham, Mass.) ; Miss Louise 
 Dildine, of Columbus, Ohio, (Lawrence Hospital) ; Miss Con- 
 stance Cooke, of Berkeley, (Children's Hospital and Alexander 
 Maternity Hospital, San Francisco), nurses; and Miss Step- 
 hens, Miss Harte and Miss Erhet, nurses' aids." 
 
 In mentioning the above I would like to add a tribute to 
 a Red Cross Nurse in the present war. She gave her life for 
 her country and was martyred by German brutality. Let 
 us never forget 
 
 51 
 
ottograitl; 
 
 Edith Cavell, 
 who was killed October 11th, 1915. She died in the full bloom 
 of young womanhood and is mourned by those who love her, 
 and praised by those who knew the beauty of her self-sacrific- 
 ing life. Her insigna of honor was the Red Cross upon her 
 breast, the brassard upon her arm, and a Crown of Glory in 
 the Great Beyond to which she was so suddenly called. 
 
 62 
 
CHAPTER IV 
 
 OTWITHSTANDING the work of organizing 
 the New Orleans Chapter of American Red 
 Cross personally attending these classes, 
 there was no lack of interest in getting the 
 Red Cross work in shape and all during these 
 weary days of discouragement was in constant communica- 
 tion with Washington, each letter giving additional informa- 
 tion and advice as to how to proceed with the work. After 
 securing memberships, as many as I could on my own re- 
 sponsibility, the task each day seemed to grow and to be- 
 come so gigantic that I finally induced others to co-operate 
 with me in this great humanitarian work. 
 
 The first called meeting of any importance was held on 
 May 15th, at the Grunewald Hotel, where I explained to the 
 best of my ability, the object of the Red Cross work and the 
 desire of forming a Red Cross Chapter and the great necessity 
 of increasing its membership. On that day, the little group 
 of women began showing increased enthusiasm and when we 
 adjourned, we decided that a meeting of authorization should 
 be held at the Grunewald Hotel, on the evening of July 6th, 
 1916. In the meantime, I had written to Mr. John J. O'Con- 
 
 53 
 
M^ Monagtupl} 
 
 nor, Director of the Central Division, for authority to organ- 
 ize. I had previously invited Honorable John M. Parker, to 
 be Chairman at this meeting of organization and addresses 
 were made by Honorable John M. Parker, Dr. Rudolph Matas, 
 Dr. C. Jefferson Miller, Dr. Hamilton Jones and Honorable Wil- 
 liam C. Dufour, in place of Mr. Hayne,who was called unex- 
 pectedly out of town. 
 
 Hon. John M. Parker's address was: "Work of the Red 
 Cross" and read the papers of authorization to organize the 
 Red Cross Chapter in New Orleans. Dr. Matas' paper was 
 full of eloquence and the subject was: "The necessity of Base 
 Hospitals in the Event of War." Dr. Hamilton Jones: "Per- 
 sonal Experiences in Spanish-American War." 
 
 Dr. C. Jefferson Miller spoke on "Beneficience of War: 
 the Red Cross assistance in accident and storm." 
 
 Mr. Hayne had accepted to make an address but had to 
 go on to Washington, so Honorable William C. Dufour served 
 on the committee instead of Mr. Hayne and gave his views 
 and actual experience in the Spanish-American War and on 
 the general knowledge of the Red Cross," "Its benefits and 
 objects." 
 
 It might be well to insert here that two days before this 
 meeting I was thrown into consternation by not having re- 
 ceived direct word from Washington, authorizing me to go on 
 with this work. Up to this time I had sent all telegrams pre- 
 paid, but I desired to let them see how very much in earnest 
 
 54 
 
UIg iHonoBrapli 
 
 I was, and accordingly sent an additional telegram of one 
 hundred and fifty words, 'collect' to Mr. Charles J. O'Connor. 
 His reply came, July 5th, 1916, as follows: 
 
 Washington, D. C, 
 
 July 3rd, 1916 
 
 "Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 
 Red Cross Chapter, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 My Dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 We have your telegram of July 3rd asking for authorization 
 to organize a Chapter. You and persons named in your letter of 
 June 6th to Mr. Ernest Bicknell, Director General and Miss Mabel 
 Boardman, are hereby authorized to organize the New Orleans 
 Chapter of the American Red Cross, with jurisdiction over the City 
 of New Orleans, La. A meeting may be called, officers and an 
 Executive Committee elected, and the organization completed. 
 
 For a permanent success and securing of a large member- 
 ship, it would be found that the active participation of business 
 men will be essential. The experience of a number of Chapters dur- 
 ing our present membership campaign has demonstrated this fact. 
 
 We trust that the proposed Chapter will be organized and will 
 equip a large membership. 
 
 Charles J. O'Connor, 
 
 Assistant Director General Civilian Relief 
 
 I would add that two weeks at least previous to this meeting, 
 I expected to hold, I had been in communication with Mr. Frank B. 
 Hayne, Chairman and the gentlemen of the Preparedness Committee, 
 whom I had asked to actively co-operate with me in the organiza- 
 tion of the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red Cross and 
 whom I had named in my letter to Washington as men who would 
 be the substantial back ground, or business men, required when we 
 went further into permanent organization. 
 
 55 
 
Hg lEonagrapIj 
 
 They are as follows: — 
 
 FRANK B. HAYNE T. G. BUSH 
 
 PENDLETON S. MORRIS ST. CLAIR ADAMS 
 
 WILLL^M MASON SMITH ^^ 
 
 ROBERT G. GUEiRARD 
 
 WILLIAM C. DUFOUR T- J- WALSH 
 
 S. P. WALMSLEY PHILIP WERLEIN 
 
 all of whom were invited to attend this meeting at the Grunewald 
 Hotel, on the night of Thursday, July 6th, 1916. 
 
 Mr. Hayne, Chairman of Preparedness Committee, was un- 
 avoidably prevented from being present, owing to his preparations 
 to leave the city, but at a meeting held at the Preparedness Head- 
 quarters just a bit earlier than the Red Cross meeting held the 
 same day, and just previous to his departure, he and members of 
 the Preparedness Committee decided to contribute the first large 
 amount as a donation to the Red Cross Chapter in New Orleans. 
 
 The following letter was brought in person to me while I was 
 holding the meeting at the Grunewald Hotel, by Mr, W. J. Leppert, 
 then Secretary of the Preparedness Committee. The letter reads: 
 
 July 6th, 1916. 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 
 Grunewald Hotel, 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 My dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 It affords me pleasure to advise you that the Preparedness Com- 
 mittee, at a meeting held at 2 o'clock this day, considered your re- 
 cent letter and voted to set aside five hundred dollars, for the Red 
 Cross work which your Chapter will carry forward. 
 
 The members of the committee feel a keen interest in the 
 splendid work that the National Organization has for so many 
 years been engaged in and welcome the establishing in New Orleans 
 of a local Chapter as a proper broadening of the work at a point 
 where in the past the needs of such a Chapter has been felt. 
 
 The Committee feels that the good work performed by you 
 and the ladies associated with you will eventuate into a practical 
 preparedness and that should the time ever come when our country's 
 needs demand the loyal service of her sons and daughters in fields 
 
 56 
 
iMg Ulonograpli 
 
 other than those customarily filled by them, your work then will 
 stand out as a monument to which all may proudly point. 
 
 1 have the honor Madam, to be 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 THE PREPAREDNESS COMMITTEE 
 Frank B. Hayne 
 
 Chairman 
 In reply to the above letter Mrs. Penrose wrote: 
 
 July 8th, 1916. 
 Mr. Frank B. Hayne, Chairman & 
 
 Gentlemen of the Preparedness Committee: 
 My Dear Mr. Hayne: 
 
 Your letter of July 6th, advising me that at a meeting held at 
 
 2 o'clock at Preparedness Headquarters, on Thursday July 6th, my 
 letter calling attention to the organization of the Red Cross Chap- 
 ter had been given their consideration and that you had been 
 authorized to set aside five hundred dollars for this work, I beg to 
 acknowledge this magnificent donation and thank you and the 
 gentlemen associated with you on the Committee, in the name of 
 every woman who is on the membership list of the Red 
 Cross Chapter. This generous gift of the men with whom you have 
 been working will be of great assistance in enabling us to carry 
 on this wonderful work "Preparedness" which you have so nobly 
 begun. 
 
 I thank you one and all for your kindness and consideration in the 
 confidence you have placed in me and in the names of those who 
 are members of the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red 
 Cross. 
 
 Assuring you gentlemen of our earnestness and seriousness in 
 this work, and thanking you heartily for your co-operation, now 
 begging the continuance of it, as our organization advances into 
 the many branches of the work it has undertaken, I beg to remain, 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) Laura M. Penrose 
 
 Chairman, 
 Red Cross Chapter, 
 
 57 
 
Ifflg iMonograpli 
 
 After Mr. Hayne's departure from the city, on July 6th, 
 with his promise to actively co-operate upon his return, a 
 little group of women then worked together during the re- 
 maining days of summer, each day bringing added interest 
 and new members to the organization. 
 
 On July 15th, there was a meeting called for larger mem- 
 bership at the Grunewald Hotel, presided over by Mrs. George 
 B. Penrose, Chairman, putting before the assembled crowd, 
 the necessity of everyone urging their friends to join. 
 
 After a few preliminaries, the meeting was adjourned, 
 they then decided to hold weekly meetings, Thursday of 
 each week during the Summer at the Grunewald Hotel, for 
 increased membership and the buying of supplies. 
 
 The following week, there was a meeting held Thursday, 
 July 2nd, 1917, in the gold room of the Grunewald Hotel, 
 Chairman Mrs. Penrose called the meeting to order. 
 1st — Called to Order. 
 
 2nd — Reading of Minutes of Preceding Meeting. 
 3rd — Appointments. 
 
 I beg to announce that at a meeting held in this 
 room on the evening of July 6th, at which the Honorable 
 John M. Parker as the Chairman read letters and telegrams 
 from the National Headquarters of the American Red Cross 
 in Washington, D. C, authorizing me to organize a Red Cross 
 Chapter in this city and to appoint the necessary officers to 
 conduct its affairs and to direct its activities, for temporary 
 
 58 
 
M^ iJInnograiili 
 
 organization. By virtue of this authority, invested in me in a 
 letter and telegram from Washington, I beg to inform you 
 that I have made the following temporary appointments: 
 
 MRS. GEORGE B. PENROSE, Chairman MISS CARRIE WALMSLEY, 
 
 MRS. WM. MASON SMITH, Cor. Secretary 
 
 Vice-Chairman 
 
 MRS. LUCIEN E. LYONS, Treasurer MRS. LEGRAND CRUMB. 
 MRS. WM. J. O'DONNELL Chairman of Supplie. and Hospital 
 
 Rec. Secretary Garments 
 
 You note that for our treasurer, a position of great trust 
 and responsibility, I have appointed our highly esteemed 
 friend, Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons. In addition to the officers 
 named, an assistant body of thirty women of which Mrs. 
 Randall Dugue is the Chairman, has been selected to co- 
 operate in this work. 
 
 The meeting of July 6th was addressed by Honorable 
 John M. Parker, Dr. Rudolph Matas, Dr. C. Jefferson Miller, 
 Dr. Hamilton Jones, Colonel William C. Dufour. 
 
 For the benefit of those who were not present at that 
 meeting, I desire to announce that through Mr. Frank B. 
 Hayne, Chairman of Preparedness Committee, a check for 
 Five Hundred Dollars was presented to us towards creating 
 a fund for the purpose of beginning a Base Hospital unit in 
 this city. The doctors who so kindly contributed to the suc- 
 cess of this meeting by their presence and encouragement, 
 in recognizing the urgent necessity of this great work in New 
 Orleans, have assured me of their united support and willing- 
 ness to give every assistance to the success of this under- 
 taking. As the work broadens and advances in its growth, 
 
 59 
 
fHjl ill0no5ra|jlj 
 
 towards the establishing of a base hospital, it will be necessary 
 to select an Executive Committee to be composed of the rep- 
 resentative men of New Orleans, this committee is to be 
 selected with the view of furthering the work of the Red 
 Cross Chapter by their influence and by their substantial as- 
 sistance. 
 
 For the benefit of those who do not fully understand the 
 meaning of a Red Cross Chapter, I will read the following 
 from the official rules and regulations from the Red Cross As- 
 sociation. 
 
 "A Chapter is a permanent local organization which rep- 
 resents all the local activities and agencies of the Red Cross. 
 
 "A Chapter may be said to be the Red Cross in epitome. 
 
 "Members of the Red Cross within the territory of a 
 Chapter are automatically members of the Chapter and vice- 
 versa — a portion of the membership dues is retained by the 
 Chapter for its own use within proper restrictions." 
 4th. Reading of communications received. 
 
 Letter of Mrs. Frank B. Williams with donation. 
 
 Letter of Acceptance, Mrs. Wm. Mason Smith. 
 
 Letter of Mr. M. B. Trezevant on the subject of a lecture 
 
 by Mr. Dixon. 
 
 Letter from Capt. P. S. Morris, Acting Chairman of Pre- 
 paredness Committee in the absence of F. B. Hayne, 
 
 Chairman. 
 5th — Reading of Reports. (Call on each of the following to 
 
 read reports:) 
 
 60 
 
fflu iHanograplj 
 
 The Secretary, Treasurer, Chairman Membership Com- 
 mittee, Chairman of Bridge Party Committee, Chairman 
 Woman's Work and Surgical Dressings Committee. 
 
 6th — Announcements — I have been requested to say to you 
 that Mrs. Robert Haddon, a member of the D. A. R., has 
 invited us to attend a meeting at 2 P. M., Thursday 20th, 
 in Grunewald Hotel to endorse Mrs. Bankston as one of 
 the candidates as Manager of the N. 0. State Fair. This 
 Red Cross Chapter is of such recent organization it is 
 believed that the best interest of the Chapter would be 
 served by remaining neutral and not lending its influence 
 in the selecting of these candidates, and if there is no ob- 
 jection to so inform Mrs. Haddon. 
 
 7th — Adjournment. There being no further business before 
 it, and there being no objections, this meeting stands 
 adjourned to 10 o'clock Thursday week, July 27, 1916. 
 The meeting was then adjourned, until the following 
 Thursday, and weekly meetings were held during the 
 Summer Months. 
 
 I would here insert that from the large attendance at 
 the above enthusiastic meeting, the membership dues began 
 to increase to such an extent that it was felt necessary by me 
 to open an account at the United States Trust and Savings 
 Bank in the name of the New Orleans Chapter of the 
 American Red Cross, where I deposited immediately, all cash 
 on hand. On this occasion, I then introduced my newly elected 
 treasurer, pro tem, who had been given the power to sign 
 
 61 
 
iMg monograplj 
 
 all checks stipulated to the President and Vice-President of 
 the bank to be counter-signed by me, then temporary chair- 
 man. 
 
 MR. WILSON DECLARES WAR WITH MEXICO. 
 
 In the Spring of 1916 there was great activity in the 
 Armory of the Washington Artillery, in securing recruits 
 among the young men of New Orleans, as the troubles and agi- 
 tations in Mexico had then reached the height of its intensity, 
 and had taxed the endurance of the United States to the point 
 of calling a halt. Actuated by feelings of great patriotism, 
 many of the men signed up and were most enthusiastic in 
 getting others to follow their example, thereby taking part 
 in the service which was of a most trying character for a 
 young soldier to experience, every man in the official roll 
 giving the best there was in him to help protect the border. 
 Soldiers worked hard and seriously when everything was in 
 a turmoil, comfort was an unknown quantity, but they had 
 cast their lot as soldiers and had to carry on" to the bitter 
 end be it for their weal or woe; for those who had the in- 
 stinct of the rare fighting spirit would rather die than "give 
 up." 
 
 With the serious situation on the Mexican border, we 
 then found it necessary to send out an emergency call for the 
 making of quick supplies to be sent to the Washington Ar- 
 tillery then stationed at Donna, Texas, and other equipment 
 to completely outfit the crude little hospital then in use for 
 the service of our boys in the Washington Artillery. 
 
 62 
 
Ml^ Mono^xnpl^ 
 
 Knowing the condition to be far from satisfactory and 
 the utter lack of all necessary articles to equip the hospital 
 even as modestly as our funds would permit, through my per- 
 sonal appeal to one of our most prominent doctors, a message 
 was sent to the physician in charge of the little wooden school 
 house and his answer came in these words : 
 
 "Donna, Tex., Aug. 12, 1916. 
 Western Union Telegram 
 
 Dr. Rudolph Matas, 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Your wire seventh to hand. Everj^hing needed! Send bouillon cubes, 
 
 canned soup, ice caps, and hot water bags, white enameled cups 
 
 and plates, two bed pans, beds and pillows, two urinals. Many 
 
 thanks. Letter follows. 
 
 (Signed) Doctor Garrett 
 
 It was then that I called the Committee for Emergency 
 work, and with quick results, Mrs. Lyons, Mrs. Crumb and I 
 packed these things with as little delay as possible, delivering 
 them ourselves in an automobile to the express office, pre- 
 paying express on the boxes and labeling every one sent with 
 the glorious insignia of the Red Cross, for we were proud and 
 happy that our first shipment should be to the Louisiana* 
 Soldiers on the border. 
 
 This call was responded to and it might be of interest to 
 inform those actively engaged in it that the supplies sent out 
 from the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red Cross 
 was to the Washington Artillery, (now 141st Regiment U. S. 
 A.) for said hospital, on the border and in addition to the 
 above the things sent consisted of a complete equipment of 
 
 63 
 
Ulg iMonograpli 
 
 beds, bedding, pillows, surgeons aprons, pajamas, beef ex- 
 tracts and delicacies of requisite requirements; hospital sup- 
 plies, consisting of hot water bags, ice bags, thermometers, 
 bed pans and innumerable necessary articles. After the hos- 
 pital had been made as comfortable as possible, then with the 
 assistance of Mrs. Walter R. Stauffer, Mrs. S. P. Walmsley, 
 we secured a Chaplain, (under the co-operation of Archbishop 
 James Blank) fully equipped by private donations, with 
 everything necessary to maintain him for an indefinite time. 
 The Chaplain, Rev. John Vigliero, of Patterson, Louisiana, 
 was untiring in his zeal for the men with him, and he was 
 every inch a soldier himself in the uniform of the U. S. A. 
 
 The next work I considered most necessary and to which 
 I pledged my hearty support was the "Assembly Tent Fund," 
 to partially protect the soldiers from the intense heat in mid- 
 day, when as a rule, they were allowed a few hours off duty, 
 "for rest, recreation, and time to write letters home. This 
 was a popular fund, for everybody's heart went out to those 
 who had willingly signed up for duty at the first call from 
 President Wilson, when he deemed the time had come to pro- 
 tect the Border from the possibility of the Mexican invasion. 
 Through the courtesy of the "Times-Picayune" I opened up 
 a list that the mothers, wives, sweethearts and friends 
 might subscribe. As I said before, it was a popular appeal, 
 and in each mail checks and money would come from those 
 far away from home, who were heartily in sympathy with 
 the movement. Through Mr. Pederer, of the New Orleans 
 
 64 
 
iJIg iMonnsrapIi 
 
 Tent and Awning Company, a specially designed assembly tent 
 of 105 feet diameter was then ordered. To which was added 
 3 water (filters, 175 steamer chairs, cards and games in- 
 numerable, tables and uniforms for the foot-ball team, cash to 
 furnish electricity and furnish lumber for flooring of the tents. 
 I cannot fail to mention here the great generosity of Dameron 
 & Pierson in sending as a gift of friendship to the boys 
 who had gone to the border, all the writing paper they could 
 use, beautifully stamped, with pens, ink, and everything 
 necessary to make the heart of the soldier happy. 
 
 I must not refrain from adding that through the energy 
 of Miller King, of the Washington Artillery, and the willing 
 generosity of the friends of that command, Mr. King ordered 
 through the firm of Edward R. Greenlaw, a four thousand 
 five hundred dollars Automobile Truck, to be sent to Donna, 
 Texas, to the commanding officer, to lessen the burden of the 
 men whose duty it was to transfer heavy machine guns and 
 other freight. This was a wonderful presentation to the men 
 of our city who had answered the first call to fight on the 
 Mexican border, from their friends at home. I would like to 
 mention that Mr. Greenlaw generously contributed his com- 
 mission on the sale of the Truck and assisted the boys in 
 many other ways. But by some "fiasco" the Truck was 
 shipped to Donna, Texas from New Orleans C. 0. D. believing, 
 or thinking that the government would defray all expenses 
 of the delivery there. Such was not the case, however, and 
 after paying demurrage for this truck at the freight depot 
 
 65 
 
iHg iUanograpli 
 
 at Donna, an appeal was made to me through the Tent Fund 
 I had collected and it gave me great happiness to send a 
 check of $169.98 as quickly as possible, through the U. S. 
 Savings Bank & Trust Co., only too happy that it was in my 
 power to help out, with the amount that remained of the Tent 
 Fund. 
 
 This work was continued from week to week, and the 
 crucial moment had then arrived for the bringing together 
 of the executive committee as the body of men who had 
 promised to be the substantial background of the organiza- 
 tion, with the return of winter calling those who had been 
 away for the summer, back to Red Cross activities. 
 
 66 
 
CHAPTER V 
 
 HE latter part of November an appeal was sent 
 to Mr. John J. O'Connor, Director of the 
 Central Division, by the Chairman, Mrs. 
 George B. Penrose, asking that he might as- 
 sist in the permanent organization. Under 
 authorization from Washington the following call was sent 
 out broadcast, for the meeting to be held at the Grunewald 
 Hotel on December 1st, 1916. At the same time at 
 Mrs. Penrose's request, a copy of by-laws was sent 
 from Washington and Chicago, from which permanent 
 by laws were made by the New Orleans Chapter, voted on 
 and accepted. In the meantime the women had occupation 
 and plenty of work to keep their willing hands busy until 
 the return of the men in the fall and winter, when the ques- 
 tion of permanent organization was then again taken up and 
 the executive committee of the New Orleans Chapter awaiting 
 the arrival of John J. O'Connor, Assistant Director General, 
 Headquarters in Chicago, who had promised to be in New 
 Orleans by December 1st, 1916. 
 
 Shortly after Mr. Hayne's departure to North Carolina 
 for the Summer another letter was written by me to this 
 
 67 
 
iMg iManngrapli 
 
 same Preparedness Committee, a copy of which I will insert 
 
 herein : 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 Mr. Frank B. Hayne & 
 
 Members of the Preparedness Committee 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 Gentlemen.- 
 
 The rumor has come to me indefinite in a way, that after the 
 glorious work of your Preparedness Committee has been completed, 
 you propose to disorganize. 
 
 Ever since this information was conveyed to me, I have been 
 imbued with the idea that your body of men is the support the 
 Red Cross Chapter requires behind them as a tower of strength in 
 organizing Red Cross in New Orleans and the Base Hospital Unit 
 that Dr. Rudolph Matas so thoroughly and graphically described in 
 his address at our meeting of July 6th. I refer to this meeting 
 specifically, as our organization calls for an Executive Committee 
 and as strong and well organized a one as we can possibly secure. 
 
 With the women standing at the wheel ready to do the hard 
 work and the men forming the background with their brain and 
 their executive ability, we could soon have a Red Cross organiza- 
 tion of which entire State of Louisiana would be proud. 
 
 The little fund we already have on hand with donations added 
 in various ways, from time to time would increase our account, as- 
 suring us of success, glorious success in the near fututre. But re- 
 member gentlemen, in union and union only is there strength. 
 
 I hope, most sincerely, you will give this your consideration and 
 advise us if we can hope for the continuance of your good will, 
 your advice and your co-operation as a executive body. 
 
 I beg to remain 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) Laura M. Penrose, 
 
 Chairman N. O. Chapter A. R. C. 
 68 
 
iJIy iUanngrapli 
 
 July 10th, 1916 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 
 Chairman, Red Cross Chapter 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 My Dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 Your two letters of July 8th, addressed to Mr. Frank B. Hayne, 
 Chairman of the Preparedness Committee, received. 
 
 Mr. Hayne left town yesterday hut on the last meeting of the 
 Preparedness Committee on July 6th, I was selected as Chairman 
 for this Committee during Mr. Hayne's absence, hence Mr. Hayne 
 has referred both of your letters to me for attention. 
 
 We appreciate most highly the kind expressions contained there- 
 in and we are most heartily in accord with the work that you now 
 have in hand. 
 
 I am much pleased to advise you that our Committee has not 
 dissolved neither will it be dissolved probably for a considerable 
 time. In reading the letters at the next meeting, I will take great 
 pleasure in bringing your communication to its attention and will 
 advise you concerning same. How soon this meeting will be held, 
 I do not know. 
 
 On behalf of the members of the Committee, I beg to assure 
 you that they will take great pleasure in doing anjrthing possible 
 to advance the cause in which you are so deeply interested. 
 
 Believe me, with very high esteem. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) P. S. Morris, 
 
 Vice-Chairman 
 69 
 
Ulg Ulonograpli 
 
 August 7th, 1916. 
 My dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 Referring to the conversation with you last Friday night 
 at the Grunewald Hotel, after considering the matter further, the 
 letter which you wrote to Mr. Hayne, I feel the better way would 
 be for your letter to be presented to the Committee, which will be 
 done at a very early day. 
 
 In order that the question may be fully considered and understood 
 thoroughly, I would suggest that you advise as to what the duties of 
 an advisory board, such as referred to by you, would be. In conver- 
 sation, you mentioned some others who were already on your advis- 
 ory board. 
 
 I would appreciate in order that we may act with full information, 
 the names of those members. 
 
 If you will kindly let me have this information to-morrow morn- 
 ing, I will endeavor to give you a reply at an early moment. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (Signed) P. S. Morris. 
 
 August 8th, 1916. 
 My dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 Referimg to my letter to you of yesterday, I regret not having 
 received the information asked for therein, today, as there was a 
 meeting of the Preparedness Committee this afternoon and to which 
 I read your communication regarding the Red Cross Chapter, as 
 explained to me by you. 
 
 The committee expressed their perfect willingness to co-operate 
 in advising in any way they could, but would be much pleased to 
 know in what respect they would be called upon to act, and I would 
 appreciate it if you would kindly advise me concerning this. 
 
 While there will not be another meeting of the Preparedness 
 Committee for some time, I will be much pleased to see the mem- 
 bers who expressed themselves this afternoon and explain to them 
 further advising you concerning this subject without delay. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 (Signed) P. S. Morris 
 70 
 
iHg MonoQxnpli 
 
 August 8th, 1916 
 My dear Mrs. Penrose: 
 
 Dear Madam: 
 
 Your letter to our Chairman, Mr. Frank B. Hayne, asking that 
 the members of our Committee co-operate with the Red Cross Chap- 
 ter in an advisory capacity was considered at the last meeting. 
 
 It was the sense of the meeting that gentlemen identified with 
 the Preparedness movement would gladly do all properly within their 
 power to further the interest of your organization and I am directed 
 to say that we would appreciate it if you would furnish us with the 
 names of other gentlemen who will also act as advisors and will 
 indicate in a communication, exactly how this committee can best 
 meet the wishes of yourself and your co-workers. 
 
 Thanking you for your very splendidly phrased letters of com- 
 mendation we beg to assure you that we stand ready to aid you as 
 
 much as possible. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 (Signed) W. J. Leppert, Secretary 
 
 Preparedness Committee 
 
 New Orleans, La. 
 
 August 8th, 1916 
 Mr. P. S. Morris, Vice-Chairman and 
 
 Members of the Preparedness Committee; 
 My Dear Mr. Morris: 
 
 I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter of August 7th, re- 
 questing me to answer same by the next morning. 
 
 I tried immediately to reach you by phone at your office, later 
 left a message at your home, to tell you how impossible it was 
 for me to give you the information you desired on such short notice, 
 as I had previously made business engagements I could not break, 
 in connection with the Red Cross Work. 
 
 I regret more than I can say the Preparedness Committee held 
 their meeting without the information I desired so much to have 
 conveyed to them and I appreciate your offer to see them individu- 
 ally for me in behalf of the Red Cross Chapter, In your letter you 
 
 71 
 
Iflg iManngrajili 
 
 say that "in order that the question may be fully considered and 
 understood thoroughly, I would suggest that you advise as to what 
 the duties of an advisory board, such as referred to by you would 
 be." Referring to my letter of July 7th, to Mr. Frank B. Hayne, 
 that I hope you will read to the members of the Preparedness 
 Committee for information. One of the first requirements of the 
 National Headquarters of the American Red Cross at Washington, 
 is that the Red Cross Chapter of New Orleans must have a body 
 of representative business men form a substantial background to 
 the organization. While it is true that a business man of large 
 interests may hesitate to undertake the Chairmanship of a Chapter, 
 they can co-operate by forming themselves into an Executive Com- 
 mittee for assistance and advice. In the American Red Cross in 
 Washington, D. C, some of the most eminent and busiest men of af- 
 fairs have become members of the Executive Committee. The suc- 
 cess which has been attained by all Chapters in securing remark- 
 able memberships and raising large funds, has been accomplished 
 by the most prominent men in the United States, co-operating in 
 Red Cross Work. Again and again the value of the business man 
 whose sound judgment is needed has gained these results. One 
 of the reasons for having business men take the lead in Chapter 
 affairs is that the Chapter in the beginning of its organization has 
 to appeal frequently for funds and supplies to the business men or 
 to know that they will aid them if it becomes necessary. 
 
 As soon as the Chapter is organized, the work can be divided 
 between the Committee on Civilian Relief and the Committee on 
 Military Relief and the medical body with such representative men 
 as Dr. Rudolph Matas, Dr. Hamilton Jones, Dr. C. Jefferson Miller, 
 who have said they will assist in every possible way towards raising 
 funds for the Red Cross Chapter and the Base Hospital unit. 
 
 With a competent body of women who have been selected as 
 temporary officers, I feel the work will be so systematized and 
 divided that in a short time it will not be a burden to any particular 
 committee, but instead a joy to all those who have promised al- 
 legiance to the Red Cross Chapter, in New Orleans as they see 
 
 72 
 
IHg ilH0no5rapl| 
 
 a monument as a result of their united work in the shape of a 
 Base Hospital unit and its supplies and equipment. 
 
 Even though the trouble with Mexico is temporarily allayed, 
 we must not be persuaded into the belief that the danger of War 
 has been altogether averted. It may not be today or to-morrow 
 that we will be called upon for supplies-we hope it will never be, 
 but with this great port of New Orleans, and with the possibility 
 of attack from so many different directions, the only sane or wise 
 plan that suggests itself to me at present is Preparadness in time 
 of peace that we will not be tried and found wanting in the turmoil 
 and excitement incidental to still harder preparations in time of 
 War. I beg gentlemen, you will give this your consideration, and 
 be the background the Red Cross is so much in need of to make it 
 the substantial organization it hopes to be. 
 
 In conclusion, I would like to say it was suggested in a recent 
 letter to me from Charles J. O'Connor, Assistant Director General, 
 Civilian Relief, that in organizing, we co-operate closely with the 
 members of the State Board of Louisiana, who are: 
 
 CHARLES JANVIER JOHN G. GANNON, 
 
 W. RADCLIFFE IRBY JOHN M. PARKER 
 
 I take co-operation to mean consultation on state affairs out- 
 side of the local affairs under Executive Committee of the New 
 Orleans Chapter. 
 
 With appreciation of your kindness and interest and hoping 
 for a reply at your earliest convenience, I beg to remain. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 (Signed) Laura M. Penrose, 
 
 Chairman 
 
 The meeting on December 1st, was called to order by Mrs. 
 George B. Penrose, Chairman, who after a few introductory re- 
 marks, invited Mr. Frank B. Hayne to be the permanent Chairman 
 of the New Orleans Chapter American Red Cross. 
 
 Mrs. Penrose was then appointed Honorary Chairman, P. S. 
 Morris, Vice-Chairman; W. R. Irby, Treasurer; Mr. W. J. Leppert, 
 Secretary; Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons, Chairman of Supplies. 
 
 73 
 
fHg iManograpli 
 
 Following Mr. Hayne's address was one given by Mr. John J. 
 O'Connor, Director General of Central Division, with Headquarters 
 in Chicago. 
 
 Mr. Hayne introduced Mr. John J. O'Connor, who then gave a 
 brilliant talk of the Mobolization of New Orleans from the view- 
 point of the Red Cross. His address was eloquent in explaining and 
 making clear the different branches of the Red Cross, pointing out 
 on the Chart graphically, different departments of the Red Cross 
 that would develop when the New Orleans Chapter broadened its 
 lines into the various branches. The meeting was then adjourned 
 by Mr. Hayne and the Executive Committee met the following day 
 at 4 o'clock, December 2nd, 1916 at Grunewald Hotel, to go into 
 organization the first time; and then elected the following officers: 
 Committee elected December 2nd, 1916: This Committee working 
 earnestly for more than a year to bring this N. O. Chapter to its 
 present great efficiency. 
 
 This Committee was elected and working earnestly for 
 more than a year. 
 
 OFFICERS 
 
 MRS. GEORGE R. PENROSE. 
 Honorary Chairman 
 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MISS LUCIA MILTENBERGBR 
 
 FRANK B. HAYNE. Chairman MRS. RANDELL T. DUGUE 
 
 W. R. IRBY, Treasurer MRS. (DR.) F. W. I'ARHAM 
 
 W. J. LEPPERT, Secretary J. L. ONORATO 
 
 ROBT. G. GUERARD 
 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE „ RUSH 
 
 FRANKB. HAYNE ^; j / ^^^SH 
 
 C. H. ELLIS 
 
 PHILIP WERLEIN 
 
 N. M. LEACH 
 
 J. A. BADGER 
 
 JNO. F. CLARK 
 
 SAM BLUM 
 
 LYNN H. DINKINS 
 
 JEFF D. HARDIN, Jr. 
 BOARD OF DIRECTORS W. S. PENICK 
 
 MRS. GEORGE E. PENROSE DR. HENRY DASPIT 
 
 MRS. Le GRAND J. CRUMB R. W. WILMOT 
 
 MRS. LUCIEN E. LYONS ARSENE PERRILLIAT 
 
 W. R. IRBY 
 
 MRS. GEORGE B. PEiNROSE 
 
 MRS. LUCIEN E. LYONS 
 
 S. P. WALMSLEY 
 
 CAPT. P. S. MORRIS 
 
 ST. CLAIR ADAMS 
 
 WM. MASON SMITH 
 
 "W. E. STAUFF-ER 
 
 74 
 
iMy manngrapl) 
 
 After the meeting and election of oflicers at the Grune- 
 wald Hotel, December 2nd, 1916. A few days later the follow- 
 ing letter was received from the Secretary W. J. Lcppert. 
 
 Mrs. Geo. H. Penrose, December 15th, 1916 
 
 307 Carondelet Street, 
 New Orleans, La. 
 Dear Madam: 
 
 In order that the financial end of the local chapter will be ar- 
 ranged on lines set down in regulations and with the view of re- 
 lieving you of the cares of tliat end of the work, the Executive 
 Committee has recjuested that I ask you to deliver to Mr. W. R. 
 Irby, our Treasurer, whatever funds you may have for account of 
 the New Orleans Chapter. In doing this, I take the liberty of 
 suggesting that you separate the amounts which properly belong 
 to the Chapter exclusively. 
 
 For my individual record, 1 will thank you to advise whether 
 you have remitted to Washington Headquarters as yet, any of their 
 share of membership dues. If you will be good enough also to 
 send to me the list of members of the association already secured 
 by the ladies who co-operate with you, I could be enabled to make 
 up my records in this respect. 
 
 In doing this if I can serve you in any way, I will be glad to do 
 
 it. I beg to remain. 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 W. J, Leppert, Secretary 
 
 It would be well to mention that shortly after Mr. 
 Leppert's letter was received the women turned their organi- 
 zation to the newly elected members of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, free of expense, including the membership secured up 
 to that time, and the sum of $3,500 (minus incidental ex- 
 penses) secured from "The Gambol of the Gods" Musical Ex- 
 travaganza. 
 
 75 
 
Ulg Mona^rnp^ 
 
 Mr. Mason Smith, as Chairman of the Finance Committee, 
 was given a check for the full amount in the bank, and from 
 that time the finances of the Red Cross have been steadily 
 increasing under the able managment of officers elected on 
 December 2nd, 1916. 
 
 From this time on, the success of the New Orleans Chapter 
 was assured and the volunteer workers came in numbers to 
 apply for duty in all the different departments of the well 
 equipped Headquarters. We had moved into a larger build- 
 ing, 316 Carondelet Street, and a few changes had been made 
 in the heads of departments and committees. We had the 
 efficiently work of Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons, Mrs. Leonora Had- 
 den being elected to fill the place made vacant by Mrs. 
 Lyons resignation as Chairman of Women's Work. Miss 
 Lucia Miltenberger later filling the same position with 
 great satisfaction, and Mrs. Charles F. Buck who is 
 untiring in her splendid systematic methods, is the present 
 chairman of supplies. 
 
 By appeals sent to Washington a year ago, by those most 
 interested in Red Cross Work the Gulf Division was located 
 in New Orleans, now covering the states of Louisiana, 
 Mississippi and Alabama. 
 
 76 
 
IMh iJlonograpIi 
 
 GULF DIVISION AMERICAN RED CROSS 
 NEW ORLEANS, LA. 
 
 DIVISION STAFF 
 
 LEIGH CARROLL, Manager 
 H. J. JUMONVILLE, Assistant 
 
 PRODUCTION SUPERINTENDENTS 
 
 MRS. I. H. STAUFFER, Inspection 
 
 MRS. EDW. C. MOORE, 
 
 Surgical Dressings 
 
 MRS. J. N. ROUSSEL, 
 
 Hospital Garments 
 
 MRS. B. C. PERKINS, 
 
 Knitted Garments 
 
 MRS. GEORGE DENEGREt, 
 
 Refugee Clothing 
 
 BUREAU OF PUBLICITY 
 
 FRED E. HAMLIN, Director 
 EDITH S. CALLENDER, Assistant 
 LOUIS CORMIER, Assistant 
 
 BUREAU OF SUPPLIES 
 S. J. SHWARTZ, Director 
 H. T. BUNN, Assistant 
 H. L. RICHARDSON, Supt. of Warehouse 
 
 BUREAU OF MILITARY RELIEF 
 
 H. T. HOWARD, Director 
 
 L. LEON VILLERE, Assistant 
 
 JAMES M. OWENS, Camp Service 
 
 MRS. R. E. FOSTER, Canteens 
 
 MRS. JOSEPH HASPEL, Motor Corps 
 
 DR. B. A. LE'DBETTER, First Aid 
 
 MISS LOUISE J. DE L. CARRIE 
 
 Secretary 
 
 BUREAU OF DEVELOPMENT 
 HARRY GOODMAN AND PETER JUNG, 
 
 Associates 
 
 MISS OLIVER HEWITT, Secretary 
 
 CHARLES O. WHITE, 
 
 Field Organization 
 
 MRS. A. H. GLADDEN, Jr., 
 
 Junior Activities 
 
 E. N. MALLORY 
 
 Supervisor Manual Training 
 
 BUREAU OF DEVELOPMENT 
 
 (Continued) 
 
 MRS. C. H. MOBERLY, Director 
 ALBERT KRAEMER, Assistant 
 
 (In Charge of Salvage and Shop) 
 
 BUREAU OF CIVILIAN RELIEF 
 
 H. L. HOPKINS, Director 
 W. J. LEPPERT, Assistant 
 G. P. WYCKOFF, Assistant 
 MRS. C. M. EUSTIS, 
 
 Communication Service 
 
 BUREAU OF PERSONNEL 
 
 MRS. C. W. WELLS, Director 
 EDWARD C. MOORE, Associate 
 
 STATE REPRESENTATIVES 
 
 J. A. FOSTER, Lake Charles, La. 
 
 A. H. VAN HOOK, 
 
 Commercial Nat'l Bank, Shreveport 
 
 GEORGE C. SWEARINGEN, 
 
 Jackson, Miss. 
 
 E. B. WILLIAMS. Meridian, Miss. 
 
 B. W. GRIFFITH, 
 
 First Nat'l Bank Bldg., Vicksburg, Miss. 
 
 D. A. HOLLOWAY, First National Bank 
 Bldg., Montgomery, Ala. 
 
 JUDGE W. M. WALKER, 917 First Nat'l 
 Bank Bldg., Birmingham, Ala. 
 
 J. H. MACCORMICK, Mobile, Ala. 
 
 BUREAU OF NURSING 
 
 MISS L. AGNES DASPIT, R. N. 
 
 Director 
 
 MISS B. PACE, R. N., Assistant 
 
 BUREAU OF ACCOUNTING 
 
 H. J. JUMONVILLE, Director 
 L. F. BARRIER, War Fund 
 E. A. MARTINEZ, Chapters 
 D. R. GANNON, Cashier 
 
 77 
 
CHAPTER VI 
 
 HE New Orleans Chapter, American Red Cross, 
 has prepared upwards of several hundred 
 thousand surgical dressings and as many- 
 hospital garments. This is the result of the 
 activity of the women in organization who 
 are giving up the major part of their time in making the 
 Chapter's apportionment of garments and supplies. The 
 figures given above were contained in a statement prepared 
 by Frank B. Hayne, Chairman of the New Orleans Chapter 
 was presented to Henry P. Davison, Chairman of the War 
 Council of the American Red Cross, on the occasion of his 
 visit to New Orleans several months ago. In that statement 
 Mr. Hayne showed that in addition to the activity of the 
 Red Cross women, the Chapter has equipped the Base Hospital 
 Unit No. 24 which is headed by Major John B. Elliot, Jr., 
 and which is now "Somewhere in France having received 
 orders some time ago for embarkation for duty in foreign 
 lands. 
 
 Mr. Hayne presented his statement to Mr. Davison at a 
 conference with National Officer and members of the Execu- 
 tive Committee of the local chapter held in the Grunewald 
 Hotel, in February 1918. 
 
 78 
 
Ulg iEonagrapli 
 
 Among other things the statement contained the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 "New Orleans Chapter American Red Cross was organ- 
 ized when the situation in Mexico demanded that a Red Cross 
 Centre be brought to the South. Up to February of the cur- 
 rent year, the Chapter performed duties carried on entirely by 
 the efficiency of the women workers. In February, however, 
 the people of New Orleans and the population adjacent there- 
 to realized the importance of the Red Cross and the absolute 
 necessity for such an organization and the result of this has 
 been continuous activity on the part of hundreds and 
 hundreds of noble women who have unselfishly performed 
 their patriotic duty, aiding so materially in the successful 
 establishing of the New Orleans Chapter. 
 
 "The first important undertaking by the New Orleans 
 Chapter in the plan of re-organization which became effective 
 in December of this year, was the equipping of Base Hospital 
 Unit No. 24. This was accomplished through the aid of popu- 
 lar subscription by the people of New Orleans and the terri- 
 tory within the jlirisdiction of the New Orleans Chapter. 
 The Unit has left New Orleans under command of Major 
 John B. Elliot, Jr. The Unit is thoroughly equipped, contain- 
 ing every article required by the most modem and up-to-date 
 500-bed hospital, from ambulances and sterilizers to the most 
 delicate surgical instrument. The unit carries with it as 
 magnificent a personnel as any unit that has been or will be 
 sent from any part of the United States." 
 
 79 
 
Ifflg iHiinojjrapli 
 
 Mr. Hayne explained that New Orleans Chapter expended 
 upwards of $100,000 in equipping Base Hospital Unit No. 24. 
 "Of that amount" he said, "$54,000 was spent in the Hospital 
 equipment, and the remainder in furnishing the necessary 
 supplies that were made by the patriotic women of the local 
 Red Cross Chapter. The Chapter has also provided a fund 
 of $200 monthly through the period of the war to meet the 
 contingent expenses of the Base Hospital Unit No. 24. This 
 money is remitted direct to Major Elliott for his administra- 
 tion. 
 
 "Immediately upon the completion of Base Hospital Unit 
 No. 24, our Chapter undertook the fulfillment of the work 
 assigned it by the National Organization, and it is with great 
 pleasure that the Chairman formally reports to you the com- 
 pletion of the first and second units and the practical com- 
 pletion of the third unit. 
 
 We have complete approximately 100,000 surgical dress- 
 ings and approximately 70,000 hospital garments, the majority 
 of which have been packed and shipped to the warehouse in 
 this section. 
 
 "The New Orleans Chapter has completed approximately 
 400 sweaters, 200 helmets, 200 pairs of wristlets, 100 mufflers 
 and 110 pair of socks. The Chapter has distributed upwards 
 of 2,000 sets of steel and amber knitting needles which means 
 the Chapter will fill its allotment of knitted articles, for we 
 have in the process of making hundreds of sweaters and other 
 knitted articles. There are being delivered to Headquarters 
 
 80 
 
mig IHonagrapli 
 
 daily a large number of sets of completed knitted articles and 
 just as fast as they are being received by us we in turn are 
 delivering them packed and ready for shipment, to the Mint 
 Warehouse, 
 
 At the present time the principal activity of the Red 
 Cross workers in the New Orleans Chapter is centered on 
 knitted articles and surgical dressings, all in conformity with 
 the request of the National Headquarters through the Gulf 
 Division. 
 
 "New Orleans Chapter has practically completed its al- 
 lotment of Christmas packages; for December 1917, the first 
 shipment requested for distribution among the soldiers in 
 Europe having already been made. We have been successful 
 in accomplishing this through the splendid co-operation and 
 generosity of the members of the city, and town, and country 
 branches. 
 
 "New Orleans Chapter is composed of branches in the 
 city of New Orleans, and thirteen branches in country dis- 
 tricts comprising the parishes of Ascension, Assumption, Jef- 
 ferson, Lafourche, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. 
 John-the-Baptist, Tangipahoa, St. Tammany, Terrebonne and 
 Washington. 
 
 "There are approximately 5,000 members — may be 
 more — enrolled in the various classes in New Orleans Chapter. 
 Active preparation is under way for the Christmas mem- 
 bership drive and assurances can be given here that the 
 New Orleans Chapter will secure the allotted membership just 
 
 81 
 
iflg Ulono9rapl| 
 
 as handsomely as was done by New Orleans and the adjacent 
 territory in the great War Council drive last June, 1917 — 
 when the city exceeded its apportionment by nearly $175,000 
 
 AUDITORS SUBMIT REPORT ON RECENT 
 RED CROSS DRIVE 
 
 Monday, May 27th, 1918 
 
 New Orleans District Gave $1,279,969 to Mercy Fund 
 
 The total subscription to the second Red Cross war fund 
 raised in New Orleans is $1,279,969.86. This includes the sum 
 raised in the city proper, and in the thirteen parishes in the 
 jurisdiction of the New Orleans Chapter of the American Red 
 Cross. 
 
 Formal announcement of the figures was made Monday 
 by Robinson, Havener & Co., auditors and accountants, who 
 managed the subscription end on a volunteer basis. The 
 figure is declared surprisingly large, when it is considered the 
 first quota for New Orleans was only $395,000. Subsequently 
 it was increased to $550,000, and then to $750,000. The "over 
 the top" percentage made by the New Orleans committee is 
 among the greatest in the United States, and shows New 
 Orleans and the adjacent territory is 100 per cent Red Cross. 
 
 Of the total amount subscribed in the New Orleans juris- 
 diction, the people of New Orleans proper gave $1,051,618.25. 
 The parishes subscribed $228,351.59. St Tammany parish led 
 the country parishes by subscribing $38,742.19. Jefferson 
 came second with a total of $29,700.78. Terrebonne was third 
 
 82 
 
M^ monagrapli 
 
 was $26,295.45. Other parishes in the New Orleans jurisdic- 
 tion were as follows: Tangipahoa $24,193.61; Washington, 
 $23,004.82; Ascension, $14,585.66; St. James, $14,300.72; 
 Plaquemines, $12,772.08; St. Bernard, $12,406.19; Assumption 
 $9763.17; St. John the Baptist, $4406.82; Lafourche, $14,- 
 180.10 ; St. Charles, $4000. 
 
 "The credit for the success of the New Orleans Chapter 
 in the main, belongs to the noble and patriotic women of the 
 Red Cross in New Orleans. The Chapter has been particularly- 
 fortunate in having the assistance of several hundred women 
 who are giving their time to this cause by working through 
 Headquarters and the splendidly organized branches. Not 
 forgetting the wonderful co-operative work accomplished by 
 the Bank of the Money League. 
 
 CARES FOR FAMILIES OF NEW ORLEANS 
 
 FIGHTERS IN GROWING NUMBERS 
 Home Service Section of Red Cross Doing Notable Work 
 The Home Service Section of the New Orleans Chapter, 
 American Red Cross, is performing a wonderful service among 
 the dependents of soldiers and sailors. It is one of the most 
 important branches of the local Red Cross and though the 
 department, established under direction of Frank B. Hayne 
 and the Chapter Executive Committee, has been in operation 
 less than a year, hundreds of families have been served and 
 kept free from want until the remittance comes from the 
 father, the son, the brother or the husband, who was the 
 provider before entering the fighting service. 
 
 83 
 
M^ HHntinBtapli 
 
 More than a thousand cases are receiving the attention 
 of the volunteer workers in the Home Service section, com- 
 posed of some of the most prominent women in New Orleans. 
 The section with headquarters on the second floor of the old 
 Hibernia building, 806 Gravier street, is under the direction 
 of Chas. I. Denechaud, as chairman ; Miss Elizabeth Dinwiddie, 
 as executive secretary and Mrs. A. C. O'Donnell, as assistant 
 secretary. 
 
 The Red Cross representative daily come in contact with 
 the families of the country's fighting forces. These visitors 
 go to the homes of dependents, distribute funds, give helpful 
 advice, see that the children are cared for properly and receive 
 the necessary school training; and above all, see that the 
 family is kept from want, until the soldier or the sailor re- 
 turns home to take up his work as the family provider. Home 
 Service tides over the anxious interval. 
 
 "The New Orleans Chapter is also performing a most 
 important duty through the Home Service Committee of the 
 Civilian Relief Committee of which Charles I. Denechaud, is 
 Chairman. Through the Canteen Committee of the De- 
 partment of Military Relief Canteen work in New Orleans 
 has been very efficiently developed in the Chapter by the un- 
 tiring efforts of Mrs. Rufus E. Foster assisted by Miss Marion 
 Monroe, and a splendid corp of workers who have been at- 
 tending to the wants of thousands of soldiers passing through 
 the city from the various camps. To give a demonstration, 
 they work with military precision, and are always on the 
 
 84 
 
M}$ iHonograpli 
 
 alert. On a certain night not many months ago there were 
 several canteen workers on hand at their headquarters when 
 they received word that 610 officers and men would arrive at 
 midnight from Camp Beauregard, but as usual the train was 
 late and it was not until three o'clock in the morning, after 
 an 18 hour ride they pulled into the station, which meant 
 that 610 hungry men must be fed with hot chocolate and 
 sandwiches. The New Orleans canteen was started last fall 
 with Mrs. Rufus E. Foster as Commandant and Miss Marion 
 Monroe, Chief Officer. The canteen is at 304 Carondelet Street. 
 It looks like a comfortable living room with carpet, and 
 benches upholstered in "khaki." A squad is on duty every 
 day and when large numbers of soldiers are passing through 
 New Orleans a general call is sent out. 
 
 MRS. BELMONT TIFFANY FIRES FRENCH "75" 
 AT FOE TRENCH 
 
 While Working Day and Night For Red Cross Canteen She Serves Coflfee 
 
 and Sandwiches To Battery After Which She Pulls the Trigger on 
 
 Shrapnel Shell — Previously She Had Narrowly Escaped Being 
 
 Hit in Bombardment by Germans 
 
 Paris, May 10. (By Mail.)— Mrs. Bellmont Tiffany, of 
 New York ; Sterling Beardsley, of New York and Palm Beach, 
 and James Oliver and Mooney Wheeler, of Pittsburgh, worked 
 ten days and ten nights at a Red Cross canteen with practi- 
 cally no sleep, caring for retreating French and British 
 soldiers and the mass of civilian refugees who streamed 
 through Compiegne during the early days of the German of- 
 fensive. 
 
 85 
 
iMg iJIonosrapIi 
 
 Beardsley, whose duty it is to organize Red Cross units 
 in the field and get them started in full operating order, had 
 just arrived in the neighborhood of Compiegne on the eve of 
 the enemy's drive. He was organizing a canteen at a certain 
 place north of Compiegne. Oliver and Wheeler were with him 
 to take over the outfit he had established it. 
 
 Mrs. Belmont Tiffany was visiting that section of the 
 front and inspecting Red Cross and Y. M. C. A. units when 
 Hindenburg's blow fell. 
 
 In the first stride forward the Germans occupied the 
 place where Beardsley had intended to open his canteen, and 
 a large supply of stores, as well as several motor trucks and 
 automobiles, fell into the enemy's hands. Beardsley, Oliver 
 and Wheeler got away in an automobile, donated to the Red 
 Cross by Mrs. B. D. Spilman, of Warrenton, Va., and it was 
 that car that they used for the ensuing two weeks in bringing 
 up their supplies and in distributing them. It was the only 
 piece of rolling stock that the Red Cross had in that region, 
 as the roads were so choked with troops and guns it was im- 
 possible to get other machines up from Paris or elsewhere. 
 
 Mrs. Belmont Tiffany had been at the front and narrowly 
 escaped being hit in a German bombardment with long range 
 guns. She was taken back to Compiegne by the French staff 
 officer accompanying her on her trip, and there she met 
 Beardsley, who was organizing his base, supply station there 
 as a canteen. Mrs. Tiffany volunteered to help him during 
 
 86 
 
iTOg momisrapli 
 
 the rush and her services were eagerly accepted, as Oliver 
 and Wheeler were the only others on the job. 
 
 Beardsley stocked up the automobile with cigarettes, 
 chocolate and tinned goods and toured in various directions 
 out of Compiegne, distributing these articles to the weary 
 soldiers. Beardsley covered the districts near to the town in 
 the daytime, and then ran up nearer to the front, in the 
 Noyon-Lassigny region, at night. He was practically always 
 under fire from the enemy's six-inch guns, as the Germans 
 were continually sprinkling roads and villages far behind the 
 lines with shrapnel and high explosives. 
 
 On one occasion Mrs. Tiffany was riding with Beardsley 
 as they were carrying coffee as well as sandwiches, and she 
 had to hold the big tub steady as the little automobile skidded 
 around shell holes in the road. 
 
 They stopped directly behind a French battery of seventy- 
 fives which was emplaced in hastily dug gunpits, directly at 
 the edge of the road. They served the gunlayers and officers 
 with coffee and sandwiches and distributed cigarettes and 
 chocolate, which the French gratefully received. The battery 
 they were told had been falling back for eight days, stopping 
 two or three times in every twenty-four hours to shell the 
 advancing Germans. They had not lost a gun, but had suffered 
 heavily in casualties among the gun crews. 
 
 She Fires a "Vy" 
 Mrs Tiffany stooped and picked up the brass shell base 
 of one of the projectiles which the battery had fired, but the 
 
 87 
 
g Honograiili 
 
 French lieutenant in charge bade her throw it away. Then 
 he snapped out an order and his crew rammed home a shell 
 in the breach of one of the pieces. The lieutenant beckoned 
 Mrs. Tiffany to approach the cannon. Then he showed her a 
 lever and motioned her to move it. 
 
 She did, and the wonderful little gun barked viciously, 
 the barrel leaped back in its oil bath recoil absorber, and a 
 three-inch shrapnel projectile went screaming northward 4000 
 yards among the enemy. The lieutenant picked up the smok- 
 ing oily metal case of the projectile just fired, which had been 
 automatically ejected from the breech. He scratched the date, 
 the place, the number of the battery and his name in the brass 
 with his diamond ring and handed it to Mrs. Tiffany as a 
 souvenir. 
 
 "I suppose we will be called up on the carpet eventually 
 because we distributed some supplies which were intended 
 only for Americans to French and British soldiers and to 
 women and children — poor French refugees from the country 
 where the fighting was going on," said Beardsley. "These 
 troops certainly appreciated something to smoke, and some- 
 thing to eat when I handed over the chocolate and sandwiches. 
 Frequently they were not permitted to halt at all. Then we 
 would stand at the side of the road and their officers would 
 let them deploy into single file so we could hand every one 
 of them something." 
 
 "The Lady with the Cocoa Jug." 
 
 Who can tell the limits of the influence of willing sacri- 
 
ottD^rapli 
 
 fice, of principle, on the scale of this agonizing experience? 
 Just after midnight I came into a broken village, just behind 
 the front, in which the only decent shelter was the shed of 
 a "foyer du soldat," or soldiers' club, run by a French-Ameri- 
 can Y. M. C. A. committee. Reliefs were groping their way 
 through the misty twilight, and I was dreaming over old and 
 happy far-off things, when a soft voice startled me by asking, 
 in English, if I would like a drink of cocoa. The speaker, 
 dressed in a black gown, was carrying a big jug in one hand 
 and a clean condensed milk tin in the other. 
 
 You who see hundreds of thousands of women daily will 
 not realize how surprising was this apparition on the edge 
 of the battlefield, and I cannot hope to conquer the feeling 
 of the inspiring story that explained it. Miss Smalley, the 
 solitary keeper of this lone canteen, is a daughter of the 
 late W. T. Smalley, a New York author and journalist, who 
 was run over and killed in London in the course of one of the 
 air raids. The Smalleys were of the number of Americans 
 who thought their country should have been in the war from 
 the outset. When the other women workers were withdrawn 
 from the battlefront some months ago Miss Smalley persuaded 
 the authorities that she was particularly fitted to remain, 
 and here, among the passing soldiery of half a dozen races, 
 she keeps her nightly vigil. Does it seem an inglorious task 
 to make ten gallons of cocoa on a small alcohol stove, and 
 dispense it on old tins at a street comer ? British and American 
 women side by side with their allied sisters, are doing such 
 
 89 
 
Ulg iHonograpIj 
 
 work all over France, and earning the blessing of weary men. 
 For my part, without grudging Florence Nightingale any of 
 her fame, I would put as high as the picture of "The Lady 
 with the Lamp," in the Scutari Hospital, the picture of this 
 "Lady with the Cocoa Jug" in a wrecked village of Compeigne. 
 
 RECLAMATION AND SALVAGE 
 
 Labor Day was one of actual labor for the members of 
 the Reclamation Department of the New Orleans Chapter 
 which was recently opened on the second floor of the new 
 building at 339 Carondelet Street. We want many patriotic 
 women in New Orleans to aid in the work of repairing the 
 clothing of the soldiers and ask especially that the mothers, 
 wives and sisters of soldiers who can do so to sign up and 
 help the work along. A big consignment has been secured 
 from the Quartermaster's Department and the work must be 
 expedited. Another department of the Red Cross Chapter 
 is the Salvage Department occupying the building at 619 
 Barome Street, under the direction of Mr. S. A. Seelye, 
 promises to develope into one of the most important branches 
 of the local oragnization. Mr. Seelye and his force already 
 have begun an active campaign to rid New Orleans of all 
 waste paper, scrap iron, rags, old gold and silver, burned out 
 electric lamps, dental fillings, all metals, metal-foils burlap, 
 bottles, type-writer supplies, automobile tires and other 
 articles deemed unfit for use. Mr. Seelye specialized on Tire 
 
 90 
 
ano^rafili 
 
 Day. Make these days speed along that the Boy Scouts fre- 
 quently help and the Junior Red Cross members help to col- 
 lect these innumerable things for the Salvage Corps. 
 
 LEE CIRCLE MONUMENT 
 September 17, 1918 
 
 "Tire Day," Tuesday, will be the time to get rid of all 
 rubber articles that are useless about the household. Every 
 pound of rubber in the form of casings, inner tubes, dolls, hose 
 and other articles, delivered to Lee Circle, "Tire Day," will 
 be converted into money by the New Orleans Chapter of the 
 Red Cross. The money will be used in caring for the de- 
 pendents of soldiers and sailors, in purchasing material for 
 bandages and surgical dressings, material for hospital gar- 
 ments and toward the maintenance of the organization. 
 
 "Tire Day" is the first feature arranged by S. A. Seelye, 
 chairman of the Salvage Bureau of the local chapter of the 
 Red Cross. Following "Tire Day" the Salvage Bureau will 
 arrange a number of other features and among them will be 
 a drive for old gold, silver, precious metal, and scarf pins. 
 Tin foil, old rope, burnt-out electric bulbs, silks, bric-a-brac 
 and other articles discarded by the family will be given a 
 special day. The Red Cross will receive these articles at the 
 headquarters at 619 Baronne street. 
 
 Everybody contributing to "Tire Day" is asked to tag 
 the article discarded, the tag bearing the name and address 
 of the donor. Auto owners who are without used or worn-out 
 tires are requested to visit Lee Circle on "Tire Day" and pur- 
 
 91 
 
Ha Hdttograpli 
 
 chase a tire for $1, the purchased article to be turned over 
 to the Red Cross. The amount realized through this source 
 will be used to further the work assigned to the organization. 
 The rubber will be sold on the ground, thereby eliminating 
 the cost of transportation to the Salvage Bureau's warehouse. 
 
 September 11th, 1918. 
 Mrs. George B. Penrose, 
 Hotel Schuyler, 
 New York, N. Y. 
 My Dear Mrs. Penrose :- 
 
 We wish to acknowledge your telegram of even date and in reply 
 beg to state we are now perfecting organization of the Salvage 
 Corps under direction of Mr. S. A. Seelye. This department will be 
 opened formally on Tuesday, September 17th, when "Tire Day" will 
 be observed. We have selected Lee Circle as the point where auto 
 owners and dealers will deposit tires and used rubber of every 
 character. In advance of this day, we have arranged with junk 
 dealers to purchase the rubber as it is delivered to the Chapter at 
 Lee Circle. This will save the Salvage Corps cost of handling and 
 transportation to warehouse. 
 
 We have concentrated our efforts on "Tire Day" and because 
 of this we are unable to give much intelligent information on the 
 subject. We can say, however, we have located the warehouse at 
 619 Baronne street, and have engaged 10,000 feet of floor space to 
 accommodate the needs of this department which we hope to make 
 one of the most important, from a financial point of view, in the 
 Chapter's activities. We are going into the Salvage business on a 
 most intensive scale. We have the co-operation of Mayor Behrman, 
 numerous other city officials, the school authorities and the heads 
 of the police and fire departments. This means the Salvage Corps 
 will have the use of the police and fire stations, and all school houses 
 in connection with the collection of waste matter that will be con- 
 
 92 
 
U3g UJotiosraiali 
 
 verted into money by the Red Cross. We have the assistance of the 
 large corporations, department stores, banks, etc., and judged by 
 the progress made in the preliminary arrangements, we are certain 
 the Salvage Corps will be a distinctive feature of the Red Cross. 
 
 Only recently the Chapter opened its department of Reclama- 
 tion of Soldiers and Sailors garments. This department is located 
 in the building, 339 Carondelet street, and is in charge of Mrs. L. F. 
 Hadden who works directly under Mrs. Charles F. Buck, Jr., Chair- 
 man of Women's Work, and who, in turn, receives instructions from 
 the Gulf Division and the Quartermaster's office U. S. A. This 
 department has been in operation a few weeks only, but already we 
 have reclaimed a sufficient number of garments to clearly indicate 
 the success of the work both from a practical and economical point 
 of view. We have had some difficulty in getting volunteers to work 
 in this department, but the work is steadily growing and we believe, 
 in time, will be of great aid to the Federal government in reclaim- 
 ing all garments worn by the sailors and soldiers. The women are 
 taking greater interest in the work as they feel they are rendering 
 a service that is very helpful in the cause we are fighting for. Mrs. 
 Buck is giving the department much of her attention; in fact the 
 entire Executive force is assisting in the development of this im- 
 portant work. 
 
 Trusting this information will be of service to you and with 
 expressions of respects, we beg to remain 
 
 Yours very truly. 
 
 New Orleans Chapter ARC 
 FRANK B. HAYNE, Chairman 
 Emile V. Stier, 
 
 Secretary 
 
 93 
 
g Ulonagrapli 
 
 ORGANIZATION 
 
 From the beginning of its organization the New Orleans 
 Chapter has had five women who have filled the positions of 
 chairman of Woman's Work. The first being 
 
 1st: Mrs. LeGrand Crumb 
 
 2nd: Mrs. Lucien E. Lyons 
 
 3rd: Mrs. Lenora Hadden 
 
 4th: Miss Lucia Miltenberger 
 
 5th: Mrs. Charles F. Buck 
 
 at the very beginning of the organization when it took the 
 combined efforts of this little group of women to make the 
 Chapter a success; all the above mentioned women worked 
 hard and faithfully and gave up their entire time towards 
 securing the present efficiency of the Red Cross and one who 
 cannot be forgotten for her untiring zeal and interest in the 
 original Cutting Department is Mrs. J. Numa Roussel, whose 
 zeal and interest was only surpassed by her preserverance 
 and her amibiality of disposition. 
 
 Since we have discussed organization in the beginning 
 we come to consider the motive power that makes organiza- 
 tion successful. The foundation of enterprise, production and 
 progress is morale, that intangible, indescribable force which 
 is created when a group of human beings strive together 
 for the attainment of an ideal. 
 
 94 
 
y iUonagrapIi 
 
 AN APPEAL BY MRS. AUSTIN R. BALDWIN 
 
 It is the Red Cross spirit, the Red Cross morale, that 
 makes the growth and efficiency and power of the Red Cross 
 Work Room. A Work Room is not only a place where Red 
 Cross supplies are made. It is a mission station where Red 
 Cross methods, purposes and ideals are exhibited for everyone 
 to see. It is where the public comes most constantly in con- 
 tact with the Red Cross. The penalty for any act of dis- 
 courtesy or indifference on the part of a worker is visited 
 upon the whole organization. You rarely hear anyone say 
 "So and So was rude to me at such and such a Red Cross 
 Work Room-," but "The Red Cross was rude," The individual 
 is forgotten, but the act is remembered. Therefore it is the 
 duty of everyone who wears the Red Cross uniform to exemp- 
 lify as far as is humanly possible the Red Cross spirit. 
 
 In no branch of Red Cross work has the Red Cross spirit 
 more scope for activity than in the Work Room. The first 
 task of the Work Room after it is organized is to build up 
 morale. The first step towards that end is to secure workers, 
 and as the workers are nearly all volunteers, the recruiting, 
 treatment, and training of volunteers is of paramount import- 
 ance. An ideal volunteer is regular, punctual and industrious. 
 These virtues are demanded from a class which has seldom, 
 since school days, been asked to submit to the discipline of 
 regularity, punctuality and sustained industry. To the paid 
 worker the prospect of steady work is a pleasure; to the vol- 
 unteer it is too often a nightmare. 
 
 95 
 
g ilH0n09rapl| 
 
 In the recruiting of volunteers the faculty of looking at 
 things from another's point of view is very necessary. Any 
 sign of a desire to work must be encouraged and stimulated. 
 When a volunteer offers to devote two hours a week to Red 
 Cross work, and is overcome at the greatness of her sacrifice, 
 it must be remembered that from her point of view she may 
 be doing something wonderful. It is the opportunity of the 
 Work Room to make the work mean so much to her that she 
 will come oftener and stay longer, until she is a full-time 
 volunteer. And the price of a trained, full-time volunteer is 
 above rubies. 
 
 At the Model Work Room volunteers are not asked to 
 pledge themselves for any definite time, and they are per- 
 mitted to choose the work they prefer to do. Pains are taken 
 to encourage them and to make them realize that they are 
 needed. They soon hear of the large allotment of work to be 
 done, they see the necessity for their help and they learn 
 the real satisfaction of being useful. 
 
 The unwritten demands of the Red Cross upon the full- 
 fledged worker are severe. There must be no gossip, no jeal- 
 ousy, no dissension in the Work Room. Gossip of all kind 
 must be eschewed, not only personal gossip but discussions 
 about the war, items of news about the army or navy, or any 
 mention of things that may give comfort to the enemy. 
 
 To be efficient it is necessary that the work be carried 
 on harmoniously. Here is an opportunity for daily heroism. 
 Everyone will agree that jealousy and quarrelling are singu- 
 
 96 
 
mSy iJlono5ra|iI| 
 
 larly out of place in a Red Cross workroom. Unfortunately 
 they are sometimes found there. Jealousy is perhaps the 
 most universal human fault, and it is very difficult to deal 
 with, being unreasonable. It shows itself in num- 
 berless forms and is extremely detrimental both to the work 
 and to the worker. The best method of obtaining things is 
 to deserve them. 
 
 People often obtain things they do not deserve, but they 
 seldom retain them for any length of time, a fact which ought 
 to prove consoling to the jealous disposition. 
 
 Sometimes two people seem to be naturally antagonistic 
 and find it hard to agree. If it is possible to separate them 
 this is the easiest and wisest course to pursue. If separa- 
 tion is impossible and they are obliged to work together, an 
 appeal to their reason and sense of duty must be made. They 
 can be reminded that if they were men and had been drafted 
 they could not choose their companions in the trenches. The 
 workroom is their trench. In spite of every difficulty, for 
 the sake of their work and their country, they must force 
 themselves to reconcile their differences. The emblem on 
 their uniform, the flag under which they serve, is the Cross, 
 and the Cross is today, as it has been for a thousand years 
 the symbol of sacrifice. As long as they wear it they must 
 live up to its demands. Very seldom is this appeal to the 
 Red Cross spirit made in vain. No workroom can be success- 
 ful if the workers quarrel among themselves. Deliberately 
 to tear down what they themselves have built up is stupid 
 
 97 
 
iHg iKottograpli 
 
 behaviour, under any circumstances ; but in a Red Cross work- 
 room it is inexcusable. Difficulties ought never to rise which 
 cannot be harmoniously adjusted. It is through discipline of 
 mind and body that morale is built up. The proper discipline 
 must be worked out and administered by the heads of work- 
 rooms. Upon them rests a heavy responsibility, not only 
 towards Red Cross work, but toward the individual worker. 
 They must teach and exemplify that the Red Cross spirit 
 should be universal, that it is manifested equally by kindness 
 to a fellow worker here, as by work for a soldier over there, 
 that it should not be put on or taken off with the uniform, 
 nor limited in its exercise to the workroom. If each Red Cross 
 worker submits willingly to discipline the result will be a 
 morale in the workroom that nothing can impair. 
 
 In Frederick Palmer's latest book "Two more years of 
 War" is mentioned, the fact that when General Haig was 
 asked what he desired most for the British soldier, he 
 answered, "The spirit that quickeneth." We have been priv- 
 iledged to live in a time of unexpected strain and stress ; never 
 before have there been such sorrow, suffering and horror in 
 the world ; never before have women and men had such oppor- 
 tunities for sacrifice and service. Greater demands for both 
 are creeping nearer to us day by day. The hardest part of 
 the War we have yet to face. Are we ready? Are we pre- 
 pared in our minds and souls to do our utmost? Not only our 
 hands are needed but our willing hearts. The idea] of the 
 Red Cross is before us, its daily work is here for us to do. 
 
 98 
 
Hg MonoQtnpli 
 
 What we must pray for is the spirit that quickeneth, to give 
 us strength, endurance and victory. 
 
 The above appeal comes from a Southern woman, of the 
 Bisland family of Natchez, Mississippi, in New York known as 
 Mrs. Austin R. Baldwin, Vice-Chairman of the Model Work 
 Room, meaning Woman's Work. Through the courtesy of the 
 New York County Chapter, Mrs. Baldwin's splendid appeal 
 now becomes ours, and with all the experience she has had, 
 it seems a fine tribute to the sweet Southern woman that it 
 should be repeated in the Southland, the place of her birth, 
 and eventually taken to Natchez, the home of her girlhood. 
 
 MOTOR AND AMBULANCE CORPS 
 The Motor and Ambulance Corp under Command of 
 Captain Edith Haspel, and her Adjutant, Lieutenant May 
 Moore has been co-operating wonderfully in the various de- 
 partments under which they serve. This is a well organized 
 Division of the Red Cross, one that requires the greatest ef- 
 ficiency, untiring zealous energy. Captain Haspels Corp has 
 worked with such military precision, during its period of ser- 
 vice, as to merit the congratulations of civilians and soldiers 
 alike, in caring for the men who had to be transported to the 
 various convalescent hospitals. Recently an order received to 
 report to Jackson-Barracks. 
 
 Captain Haspel was in command and her adjutant. 
 Lieutenant May Moore (Mrs. Lucas E. Moore, Jr.) read the 
 orders. Major Huhner, in command of the hospital read per- 
 sonal letters of commendation from the government for the 
 
 99 
 
iHg iKonDgraiili 
 
 splendid work done by members of the organization during the 
 influenza epidemic. Major Elmer Swanton, Quartermaster 
 Department, U. S. A., presented the colors and Captain Edith 
 Haspel responded. 
 
 The ambulance drivers who were awarded certificates for 
 splendid work during the epidemic, issued by Major G. M. 
 Corput and presented by Colonel Willis, U. S. A., commanding 
 officer at Jackson Barracks, were Mrs. George Westfeldt, Mrs. 
 Henry Chaffe, Mrs. Clifford Lyons, Mrs. Stanley Morse, Mrs. 
 James Menefee, Mrs. Balmer, Mrs. Bradford, Misses Edith Mc- 
 Cay, Beatrice Moulton, Belle Seawell and Beulah Levy. 
 
 Members of the corps receiving certificates for their work 
 in the Jackson Barracks Hospital, nursing and first aid, were 
 Mrs. Paul Saunders, Mrs. Eugene Roberts, Mrs. Jeff Moore, 
 Mrs. J. M. Gwynn, Mrs. F. Craig, Mrs. E. Lob, Mrs. Gaizin, 
 Misses Ethel Alexander, Elmire Janin, Marie Mason, Byrd 
 Walmsley and Marcelle Grima. 
 
 Among members of the corps who were made sergeants 
 are Miss Marguerite Ellis, Miss Martha Bradford and Mrs. 
 Henry Bunno, Mrs. Paul Saunders, Mrs. Lydia Mehaflfy and 
 Miss Helene Israel received the commission of second lieuten- 
 ant and Miss Anne Myrtle Seago received a first lieutenant's 
 commission. 
 
 The military band from the Jackson Barracks furnished 
 music during the afternoon and closed the event with "The 
 Star-Spangled Banner." 
 
 100 
 
UJg mnnngrapli 
 
 RECONSTRUCTION 
 
 The news from our American Soldiers under General 
 Pershing, coming to us each day seems good indeed, yet we 
 must not be too hopeful, or feel that we can let down when 
 after Peace has been declared, that will be the time the real 
 work will begin, over here, and we who have been following 
 the Stars and Stripes, in sentiment, will have to stand behind 
 the men who may need us more than ever. You will be 
 brought face to face with this work of reconstruction, this 
 rehabilitation, of our man power, of those who are left of 
 our fighting forces to return; Are we ready to remodel their 
 minds, give them a new hand, or arm, and help them re- 
 gain their shattered strength? We must begin to realize the 
 situation and this new problem of reconstruction that is 
 staring us in the face. These wonderful men who have sacri- 
 ficed their all for us, have made it possible for women 
 and children to live in this country undisturbed, with peace 
 in our hearts and purity in our lives. As I said before, are 
 we ready to give them these things in return? If not let us 
 face the problem of reconstruction for we have to be ready 
 when our turn comes. It has been my experience since coming 
 East to be brought in close touch with a number of the 
 stalwart young American soldiers who have been wounded; 
 those on the threshold of young manhood who are sufficiently 
 convalescent from their terrible wounds received overseas, to 
 be allowed out of the hospital, lending their aid in the Liberty 
 Loan Sale. Some of them suffering from shell shock, others 
 
 101 
 
M^ iHonagrattli 
 
 from the effects of being gassed, a few totally blind, one 
 young engineer, only 23 years old, with a piece of shell passing 
 through his lungs, others with the loss of an arm or a leg, 
 and sometimes it being necessary to amputate both limbs, 
 leaving nothing but the trunk and the body of the man above 
 the waistline intact, with all his mental faculties unimpaired 
 but without physical strength, and a desire of living, blighted 
 by an affliction that will remain with him for the rest of his 
 life. Many of these look wan and thin with their terrible 
 sufferings, and show the effects of the strain through which 
 they have passed. To prepare fully for the rehabilitation of 
 these men from overseas we must lose no time and take up 
 each case as they are invalided home. The correct way of 
 looking at the situation is, the crippled men who have pre- 
 viously been in the laboring class, or the disabled soldier who 
 was originally in the financial world, have so much in common 
 in the way of their mutual woes that the sympathy of every 
 big hearted man or woman should go out to them unreservedly 
 to help in this rehabilitation in giving them some incentive 
 in life toward training them in some specialized work by way 
 of their being self-supporting and to give them an interest in 
 their occupation so as to distract their minds from their dis- 
 abilities. 
 
 As the American Red Cross is such an important aux- 
 iliary to our armed forces, and is also extending relief not only 
 to our people at home but to the people of the nations as- 
 sociated with us, who are suffering as a result of the war, I 
 
 102 
 
Hig MotiOB^^Ph 
 
 hope that every man connected with the work, either at home 
 or abroad, will have a full appreciation of its great importance. 
 
 And now there is a thought to be given here to the 
 mothers who are bearing the greatest burden of the war — 
 the mothers who brought the soldiers into the world, and 
 are still bringing them into it, to fight for their country. God 
 help and pity them for it is they who are bowed down and 
 helpless, while they send their boys on to fight, they would 
 not have it otherwise. 
 
 After reading "A Minstrel of France" by Harry Lauder, 
 it is not inappropriate here to insert the beautiful lines of 
 dedication to the memory of his son, Captain John Lauder. 
 Aye, his son and other sons can be remembered in his won- 
 derfully phrased words of tenderness — outbursts of his heart, 
 love and memory. 
 
 "Oh! there's sometimes I am lonely 
 
 And I'm weary a' the day 
 
 To see the face and clasp the hand 
 
 Of him who is away, 
 
 The only one God gave me, 
 
 My one and only joy. 
 
 My life and love were centered on 
 
 My one and only boy. 
 
 I saw him in his infant days 
 Grow up from year to year 
 That he would some day be a man 
 I never had a fear. 
 
 108 
 
pttagrapli 
 
 His mother watched his every step 
 'Twas our united joy 
 To think that he might be one day 
 My one and only boy. 
 
 When war broke out he buckled on 
 His sword and said : "Good-bye" 
 For I must do my duty dad 
 "Tell mother not to cry," 
 "Tell her that I'll come back again" 
 What happiness and joy! 
 But no, he died for "Liberty" 
 My one and only boy. 
 
 THE END 
 
 104