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 Copyright N?. 
 
 COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT 
 
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 A MANUAL 
 
 — FOR — 
 
 Trustees and Teachers 
 
 OF- 
 
 ooiMiiMioisr schools. 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 COPYRIGHT SECURED. 
 
 
 
 Bound Copies, with Memorandum Pages attached, can be 
 procured by addressing the Author, and enclosing~40 cts. The 
 three Trustees and Teachers-4 copies-of any District, will be 
 sent for 50 cts. post-paid. 
 
 SINGLE COPIES BY MAIL, 
 
 25 cts. 
 
V 
 
 iW 
 
 -\ 
 
 DEDICATION. 
 
 Qu'S 
 
 my wife — who has never allowed 
 the detraction of others to ruffle 
 for a moment her supreme con- 
 fidence in the Author,* land whose heroic 
 devotion to him illustrates that calm cour- 
 age and constancy for which true women 
 are notable — as a tribute of abiding regard, 
 this little book is dedicated. 
 
j 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 H^HIS little book is the product of the Autho. s 
 eight years experience, and will meet a need 
 for a simple guide to the legal performance of 
 the duties of District Officers. It details in simple 
 untechnical language, the laws as interpreted by 
 the Courts, the Attorney General and the State 
 Board of Education. All that this Manual contains 
 is based upon legal opinions, rendered by com- 
 petent authority. To follow its prescriptions and 
 advice, is to escape all trouble. I have put it 
 forth from motives originating in a desire to give 
 Kentucky the benefit of my experience, and if 
 County Commissioners will put it in the hands of 
 every District Board, they escape a deal of annoy- 
 ance, and contribute toward the systematizing of 
 our Schools. 
 
.a. 2s£ a. isr tt .a. m, 
 
 TRUSTEES AND TEACHERS 
 
 Qualifications of a Trustee. 
 
 1. A Trustee must be a voter in the District, and must 
 be a Justice of the Peace, or a teacher in the District of 
 which he is a Trustee. He should be able to write, 
 though it is not a legal necessity, but as in turn, he must 
 become the Chairman, and must then post notices, make 
 reports &c, the reason of the case implies sufficient knowl- 
 edge to perform these duties without proxy- aids. ' 
 
 2. He must be a man of good moral character. That 
 the law contemplates this is evident, from the fact that it 
 requires this condition as a qualification for the Commis- 
 sioner and for the teacher, and that a Commissioner has 
 power to remove a Trustee for immorality. 
 
 3. He must be elected by the people at a legal election, 
 or appointed, in case of a vacancy from any cause by the 
 Commissioner, or hold over from the failure to elect a 
 successor, or to qualify if elected. 
 
 4. He must be sworn in by the Commissioner, or by a 
 Justice of the Peace, or some other officer designated by 
 law to administer oaths. When sworn in by another 
 officer than the Commissioner, a written statement to 
 
that effect must be officially certified to the Commissioner. 
 
 5. A Trustee in office holds over until his successor is 
 duly elected or qualified, or the Commissioner appoints. 
 
 6. A woman is not eligible to the office of Trustee. 
 
 Term of Office. 
 
 1. The first legal election under the new law (enacted 
 in 1878), was held the 1st Saturday in June, 1879. The 
 election held in June, 1878, was illegal, because the act 
 was to take effect on the 1st day of June. The law re- 
 quires ten days previous notice of an election, and 
 of course, a legal notice, under this law could not have 
 been given, as the act took effect on the same day the 
 election was held — the 1st Saturday in June, 1878, having 
 been the 1st day of June. The Trustees for the school 
 year ending June 30th, 1879, held by the apfioint?ne?it of 
 the Commissioner, their tenure of office being purely pro- 
 visional, and their term expiring with the scholastic year. 
 The three Trustees elected the 1st Saturday in June, 1879, 
 constitute the first board under the new law, and they 
 must cast lots to determine who shall serve one, two and 
 three years. (Report for 1879, pages 129, 130, and 136)— 
 each year hereafter but one Trustee will be elected, and 
 he will serve three years — one going out each year. 
 Where Districts failed to elect three Trustees, the Com- 
 missioner must fill the vacancies, and the Board when 
 full, will proceed to organize as if all had been elected. 
 
 2. The term does not expire until June 30th, and the 
 new Board can perform no official acts until the 1st day 
 of July. Though sworn in before, it is contemplated that 
 the oaths of office takes effect from the beginning of the 
 school year. 
 
Oath of Office. 
 
 * 
 
 1. The following form for the oath of office is pre- 
 scribed by the State Board of Education : 
 
 " You do solemnly swear (or affirm) that you will 
 support the Constitution of the United States and of 
 the State of Kentucky, and that you will faithfully and 
 impartially discharge the duties of Trustee of District 
 
 No , in the County of , according to law, 
 
 and the Rules and Regulations of the State Board of Edu- 
 cation, and to the best of your ability." 
 
 2. When the oath is taken before a magistrate, or other 
 officer than the Commissioner, the following is the form 
 of certifying the fact to the Commissioner : 
 
 To the Common School Commissioner of County: 
 
 I certify that I did on the day of...-. 1S79> 
 
 administer the oath of office to A. B. a Trustee of Dis- 
 trict No , of.... County, and State of Ken- 
 tucky. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal this day of. 
 
 187 C D , 
 
 Justice of the Peace. 
 . An oral statement or letter to the Commissioner from 
 the Trustee is not sufficient. 
 
 3. The time appointed by the law for the Commissioner 
 to adminster the oath of office is on the fourth Saturday 
 in June. [Sec. 1, Chap. 193, Approved Feb. 20th, 1878.] 
 It is desirable that every Trustee elect may present him- 
 self at the appointed time and place to the Commissioner, 
 as it will avoid trouble in ascertaining who will accept the 
 office, and it enables the Commissioner to give such coun- 
 sel or instructions as he may desire. Trustees sworn in 
 
8 
 
 by another should see that the Commissioner is officially 
 notified of the fact. Trustees elect, designing not to ac- 
 cept the office, should notify the Commissioner, so that he 
 may supply the vacancy by appointment. 
 
 At least one of the Trustees should be present to re- 
 ceive the blanks required for the use of the District, and 
 carry them to the Chairman. By all being present at 
 the time appointed, an organization can be at once 
 effected, and the Commissioner notified as to who is the 
 Chairman. 
 
 4. No act of a Trustee is legal until he is sworn. And, 
 though a Trustee be sworn before, he cannot act until the 
 first day of July subsequent to his election. 
 
 5. Trustees do not swear to reports. All is included 
 under the original oath. 
 
 6. A Trustee re-elected need not again take the oath. 
 
 7. Any justice, notary public, or judge can admin- 
 ister the oath of office, but the Commissioner is not bound 
 to recognize a Trustee unless he is officially notified of 
 his having been qualified. In a general way it is better 
 for the Commissioner to administer the oath to the 
 Trustees. 
 
 8. Where there is a religious scruple against a judicial 
 oath, the party will be allowed to affirm. 
 
 How to Organize. 
 
 1. Let the Trustees elect assemble at some place and 
 time agreed upon, and decide by lot the length of the 
 term of each. This may be done by the drawing of 
 straws, the casting of dice, or by white cards, numbered 
 from one to ten ; the person drawing the highest number 
 
holding the long term, three years, the person drawing 
 the next highest to serve the intermediate term (two 
 years), and the person drawing the lowest number, the 
 short term, (one year.) 
 
 2. The person having but one year to serve is Chair- 
 man of the Board. 
 
 3. When this matter is determined, the Chairman should 
 call the Board to order, and proceed to business in 
 systematic way, considering and concluding (if possible) 
 one subject at a time. 
 
 4. As soon as the organization is effected, the Commis- 
 sioner should be apprised in writing of the name and 
 Post Office address of the Chairman. 
 
 5. Trustees, when they would transact business, must 
 meet in regular session, and, as a Board, reach and record 
 their conclusions. Of these meetings, all must have, due 
 and timely notice. The majority rules. Should the 
 Chairman decline to execute the will of the Board, he 
 may be reported to the Commissioner for removal, or 
 compelled to do his duty by a mandamus. 
 
 The powers conferred by law upon the District Board 
 must be exercised by the Board, meeting and deliberating 
 at the same time and place, and not by one or two form- 
 ing a determination and obtaining the assent of the absent. 
 The decision of a majority at a meeting properly called 
 is the decision of the Board, but the decision of a majority, 
 or even of all three, under the other circumstances, is not 
 the decision of the Board. It is merely the concurrent 
 opinion of the members of the Board, and is no more the 
 decisio7i of the Board than the concurrent opinion of the 
 members of the Legislature, arrived at by taking their 
 
10 
 
 separate votes at their respective homes, would be an act 
 of the Legislature. The law supposes that a majority 
 may be convinced by a minority and change its determin- 
 ation, and therefore will not allow the majority to act 
 without giving the minority due notice to participate. 
 This principle applies to the action of the Board in hiring 
 a teacher, as well as to other matters. 
 
 It is held in 16 Maine R., 185, that the dismissal of a 
 teacher by two, a majority of the Board, was illegal, be- 
 cause the third was not notified, although he was out of 
 town. The Court say, " that does not allow the majority 
 to dispense with the rule requiring" notice. They are not 
 in such cases constituted the judges whether the notice 
 would be effectual to secure his attendance. Nor woidd 
 it be entirely safe to intrust them with such a power, as it 
 would afford an opportunity to select an occasion, when 
 they might judge that a notice would be ineffectual, and 
 thus, by neglecting to give it, free themselves from the 
 presence of a dissenting minority. It may often hap- 
 pen that those will be able to attend, who were be- 
 lieved to be so situated that their attendance could not be 
 expected. Nor is there any difficulty in giving the 
 requisite notice in such cases, as one left at th^ usual 
 place of residence would be sufficient." 
 
 6. Board Record. — "The law does not prescribe, nor 
 has the State Superintendent directed, that any particular 
 kind of record or account books shall be purchased. The 
 Board should obtain such as are suited to the wants and 
 means of the district. The contingent fund can be used 
 to buy one. Every meeting should be recorded by a Sec- 
 retary, and signed by him and the President. 
 
11 
 
 7. It is the duty of the Chairman to execute contracts 
 on the basis approved in a meeting of the Board before 
 making. After being executed, it should be ratified in 
 Board meeting and recorded. 
 
 8. The following are subjects of business : 
 
 1. To select books from the list recommended by the 
 State Board, where the County Board has made no 
 selection. 
 
 2. To select and contract with a teacher. 
 
 3. To make rules that do not contravene or conflict with 
 those of the State Board. 
 
 4. To make a programme for the visitation of the 
 school as required by law. 
 
 5. To levy the capulation tax of fifty cents upon the 
 patrons for contingent expenses. 
 
 6. To provide fuel and necessary appendages for the 
 School-house. 
 
 7. To consider the suspension or expulsion of an un : 
 ruly pupil. 
 
 8. To decide upon the removal of the teacher in case 
 of incompentency, and unacceptability, or immorality. 
 
 9. To make preparations for the building or repairing 
 of the School-house, the calling out of the hands, the 
 submission of the question of tax for that purpose ad 
 valorem and per capita* 
 
 10. To determine the question of submitting a vote for 
 an ad valorem tax for any legal purpose, and to make the 
 preliminary arrangements, if it is decided to submit. 
 
 11. To consider and make the legal reports required. 
 
 12. To make collection of District tax when voted. 
 
 * Ad valorem means a tax upon the valuation of property, and per 
 capita upon the heads of voters. 
 
12 
 
 13. To consider any miscellaneous question affecting 
 the. interests of education in the District. 
 
 All these matters should be considered in a parliamen- 
 tary wav, the vote formally taken on every question, and 
 every stage of the proceeding recorded and signed by the 
 Chairman and Clerk, if there be one. 
 
 Liabilities of Trustees. 
 
 1. Trustees are liable, in their individual capacity, for 
 the amount of money paid a Teacher who has no certifi- 
 cate, and for any contract that includes the payment of 
 more money than the fund apportioned by the State, or 
 realized from a District tax levied for paying the teacher 
 will yield. 
 
 2. If Trustees contract with a Teacher for a less sum 
 than that apportioned the District, and apply the remain- 
 der to other purposes, they are liable to an indictment for 
 misdemeanor and can be sued for the recovery of said 
 money. Let Trustees clearly comprehend that not a cent 
 of the State money can, under any pretense, be expended 
 for any other purpose than the payment of the teacher. 
 Any balance, after paying the teacher, must be returned 
 to the State Treasury and placed to the credit of the 
 county in its surplus fund. 
 
 3. If Trustees dismiss a teacher for an illegal cause, 
 they are liable to him under his contract. The dissatis- 
 faction of patrons and pupils is no cause for the dismissal 
 of a teacher. The school must be unsatisfactory. A 
 teacher feeling aggrieved by the action of the Trustees in 
 discharging him, may sue them for wages, or other dama- 
 ges, and thus compel them to show cause for the dismissal, 
 
13 
 
 and to support their allegations by competent proof. 
 The possession of a certificate is prima facie evidence of 
 the teacher's competency, and hence, when the Trustees 
 discharge a teacher, they assume the burthen of proof 
 as to the alleged grounds of his incompetency. The 
 cause or causes assigned for dismissal in the written no- 
 tices thereof is conclusive, and estops from showing any 
 other or different causes. — [Paul vs. School District in 
 Hartland, 23 Vt., 575,' and Neville vs. Directors of Dist- 
 rict No. 1, 36 111., 31,] 
 
 4. A failure or refusal of the Trustees to make the re- 
 ports required of them, within the specified time, subjects 
 them to a fine of not less than twenty dollars, and an ac- 
 tion for damages by any person injured thereby — [Sec. 9, 
 Art. II, Chap. 18, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 5. The failure of a Trustee resigning, within ten days 
 thereafter, to deliver to his successor, any money, prop- 
 erty, books or papers in his custody as Trustee, subjects 
 him to a fine of twenty dollars, and it is made the duty of 
 the Commissioner to report any such delinquency to the 
 Grand Jury. - [Sec. 18, Art. V, Chap xviii, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 5. For any neglect of duty or malfeasance in office, in 
 addition to the paying fine, he shall be removed from 
 office by the Commissioner. — [Sec. 19, Art. VI, Chap, 
 xviii, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 6. A failure to enforce the rules and regulations of the 
 State Board of Education, to monthly visit the school, to 
 provide fuel, &c, for the school-house, are instances of 
 neglecr of duty justifying removal. 
 
 7. Employing a teacher without a certificate, allowing 
 more than one text-book on the sa*ne subject to pupils of 
 
14 
 
 the same grade to be taught, making a false census report, 
 and appropriation of any portion of the public money to 
 other uses than the payment of the teacher, are instances 
 of misfeasance. 
 
 8. A representation that a teacher having a certificate 
 cannot be obtained to teach the school, with the view of 
 obtaining a license for a favorite to teach, is an offense. 
 A license is only to be granted as a last resort. It is not 
 the privilege of the Trustees, but an expedient in an 
 emergency, and must be so recognized by the Commis- 
 sioner, and a license refused when a qualified teacher can 
 be obtained. 
 
 9. Should a teacher be removed by the Trustees, they 
 are liable for his pay for the time he taught. The bal- 
 ance due the District may be paid his successor. 
 
 10. When a Commissioner has legally condemned a 
 school-house, and notified the Trustees thereof, and they 
 fail to take the necessary steps to repair or build, a writ 
 of mandamus will lie to the Trustees, commanding and 
 compelling them to discharge their duty, and any citizen 
 interested may sue out said writ. — [Beverly vs. Sabin, 20 
 111., and Cotton vs. Reed, Ibid, 607.] 
 
 11. Should Trustees willfully make a false census list, 
 besides being liable to an indictment for perjury, he is sub- 
 ject to a fine of not less than twenty dollars. — [Sec. 14, 
 Art. VII, Chap. 18, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 12. Should Trustees contract with a teacher to pay him 
 the sum apportioned the District, and afterwards consent 
 under Sec. 5, Art. VI to the transfer of a pupil to an- 
 other district, they make themselves responsible for the 
 sum thus alienated from the teacher of their own District. 
 
15 
 
 13. The Trustees are liable if they fail to make settle- 
 ment with the Commissioner for the local tax money paid 
 out upon their order, and should the Commissioner de- 
 tect any fraud or misappropriation of funds, they can be 
 proceeded againt by the Commissioner. — [Sec. 6, Art. II, 
 Chap, xviii, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 14. Should Trustees permit more than one book for 
 pupils of the same grade to be used in the school, the 
 fund apportioned the District may be withheld ; and if 
 they require a teacher to violate this rule of the State 
 Board of Education, they are liable for the amount to the 
 teacher, if the Commissioner should withhold the School 
 Fund. — [See Rules and Regulations of State Board, 
 Sec. 19.] 
 
 15. Any Trustee or Trustees who shall knowingly and 
 willfully misreport, under oath, any fact or facts now or 
 hereafter required of them to be reported, shall be deemed 
 guilty of false swearing, and shall be punished by conjine- 
 ment in the Penitentiary ?iot less than one, no7' more than 
 five years. — [See Art. VIII, Chap xxvii, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 This appalling statute should make Trustees scrupu- 
 lously exact in making their reports, and not to employ a 
 cent of the fund derived, from the State, for any other 
 purpose than the payment of the teacher. 
 
 16. Trustees who fail, after the school-house has been 
 condemned by the Commissioner, to have a good and 
 sufficient school-house in their District within six months 
 thereafter, shall be liable to be indicted by a grand jury 
 and fined, as overseers of the highway are fined, for fail- 
 ing to keep their precinct road in good repair, unless the 
 Commissioner gives farther time, which cannot be ex- 
 
16 
 
 tended beyond six months. — [Sec. 8, Art. VII, Chap, 
 xviii, Gen. Stats.] 
 
 17. For a failure of a Chairman of a Board of Trustees 
 to report a school for payment when half and when 
 wholly taught out, and at the close ot the year to make his 
 annual report, he is subject to a fine of not less than twenty 
 dollars, and is liable to action for damages by any ag- 
 grieved person. — [Sec. 16, Art. VII, Chap, xviii, Gen. 
 Stats.] 
 
 The Posting of Notices for the Election of 
 Trustees. 
 
 1. The Chairman of the Board in office must post no- 
 tices at three or more prominent places in the District ten 
 days* before the election, that an election for a Trustee 
 will be held at such time and place. Printed notices are 
 furnished each Chairman by the Commissioner. 
 
 2. In reckoning the length of time required for posting 
 this notice of an election,, e'ther the day on which the 
 notice was posted, or the day on which the election is 
 held will be counted. 
 
 3. The Chairman is the sole judge of the three most 
 prominent places. His object should be to give the 
 widest possible notice to the voters of the District. 
 
 The District Tax. 
 
 1. In the submission of the question of tax, the Trus- 
 tees of a Country District cannot submit more than 25 
 cents on each $100 worth of property, but can any 
 amount less. 
 
 * Notices for the Tax must be posted fifteen days before an elec- 
 tion. 
 
17 
 
 2. A Town or City can, under the General Statutes, 
 submit a maximum tax of 30 cents on the $100 worth of 
 property. 
 
 3. The Chairman of a Board of Trustees must post the 
 notices at three or more prominent places in the District, 
 and fifteen days in advance of the vote. The notices must 
 clearly state the object or objects for which it is proposed 
 to levy the tax. It is not sufficient to state the gross 
 amount, without detailing the purposes to which it is pro- 
 posed to apply it. The notices must be signed by the 
 Commissioner and the Chairman of the Board of Trus- 
 tees. Fifteen days' notice must include the day the 
 notices are posted. If the day the vote is taken is 
 counted, it would be the sixteenth day. 
 
 4. The purposes for which a tax is submitted must be 
 for: 
 
 (1.) The purchase of the site or the building or repair- 
 ing of a school-house. 
 
 (2.) The better payment of the teacher, or for extend- 
 ing the legal term beyond five or three months, as the 
 number of pupil children may require. 
 
 (3.; The furnishing of the house with desks, or seats 
 or black-boards, maps, charts, etc. If more than one 
 purpose is included in the notice, each design must be 
 named ; for instance : Suppose the gross amount is 20 
 cents, to be distributed between school objects, each must 
 be named, as follows: (1.) Ten cents for purchasing a 
 site and building a house ; (2.) Five cents for furnishing 
 the house ; (3.) Five cents for the better payment of the 
 teacher, or to secure his services for a longer time than 
 the legal term. 
 
18 
 
 5. The tax can be voted for from one to five years ; but 
 the time must be stated. 
 
 6. The question may be submitted as many times dur- 
 ing the school year as that fifteen days' previous notice 
 can be given. Trustees are, however, advised not to sub- 
 mit it more than twice in one year. 
 
 7. Trustees may anticipate the whole amount to be 
 realized, and contract on that basis, and should be careful 
 in making their estimates not to exceed the gross amount 
 it will yield for the term for which it is voted, if they 
 would not make themselves liable for a deficiency. 
 
 8. The Officers should remember that the District can 
 not be changed in any respect during the time for an ad- 
 valor em tax, which is levied. 
 
 9. " White qualified voter " is one who has resided in 
 the State two years, and in the County one year, and in 
 the Precinct in which the District is included, in whole or 
 in part, sixty days, next preceding the election. 
 
 See Gen'' I Stats.. Art. 2, Sec. 8, and Art. 3, Sees. 8 and 
 9 of Chapter 33; and u Kentucky School -Lawyer " pages 
 36-38. 
 
 This general rule will apply to the case. An -thing that 
 would permit a man to vote at any other election, will 
 permit him to vote at a school election. 
 
 The exceptions are : 
 
 (1.) A widow having children between six and twenty 
 years of age, may vote in person or by written proxy, 
 
 (2.) A widow who is a tax payer. 
 
 (3.) An alien or unnaturalized foreigner within the 
 census of, or who is a tax payer, in the District. Non- 
 residents, though tax-payers, can not vote. 
 
 10. Trustees may choose to collect the tax of the owner 
 
19 
 
 or of a tenant, if his contract with the proprietor is to 
 pay the taxes, whichever they may deem most eligible. 
 The property is bound for the taxes, and may be dis- 
 trained by the Trustees, or the Collector commissioned, 
 by them the same as a Sheriff can distrain for the collec- 
 tion of State or County taxes. 
 
 A vote of a District is binding on the tax payers, after 
 the Trustees have made a contract based upon it. 
 
 All moneys loaned out of the District, and bonds sub- 
 ject to taxation for other purposes, are taxable in the 
 District where the lender or owner resides. 
 
 11. ' ; A fair and true record of the votes/' taken for or 
 against the tax, must be returned by the Officers of the 
 Election to the Commissioner, certified and sworn to by 
 them. If the Commissioner has presided at the election, 
 returns must be made to the County Judge. 
 
 12. It is the duty of the Commissioner to furnish who- 
 ever is appointed to collect the tax, with the boundary of 
 the District, certified officially by him. Sec. 3, Art U, 
 Gen' I Stats. 
 
 13. When furnished by the Commissioner with the 
 boundary, the Collector will ascertain from the Assessor's 
 books what property is subject to taxation, and this must 
 be his guide in making the levy for collection. 
 
 14. "A fair and true record " is one kept in a poll-book 
 and numbered (1, 2, 3, etc.), the votes summed up at the 
 bottom of each page, certified over the signatures of the 
 officers of the election, sworn to before a proper officer, 
 with the names of the Judge and Clerk at the foot of each 
 page, signed as filled, so that the same may be identified. 
 
 15. Whoever is charged with the collection must collect 
 
20 
 
 and pay over the tax within two months, to the Commis- 
 sioner, unless otherwise directed by the Board of Trustees, 
 and he and his sureties are liable to the Board, the same 
 as a Sheriff is for State and County taxes. — Sec. 8, Art. 8, 
 Chap. 92, General Statutes. 
 
 16. The order of the Trustees for the payment of the 
 money must be honored by the Commissioner, and this 
 order, in writing, is his sufficient voucher. 
 
 17. Should a Trustee use this money, or order it to be 
 used, contrary to the purpose contemplated by the law, he 
 is liable to an indictment for a misdemeanor. 
 
 18. Trustees should apply money to the payment of a 
 competent Teacher for the legal term, rather than to 
 secure longer service by an indifferent instructor. The 
 best economy is to have well done what is done. The 
 quality rather than the quantity of instruction should be 
 the standard of judgment, when devoting the proceeds 
 of the local tax to the payment of a teacher. 
 
 19. The Trustees are required to make settlement with 
 the Commissioner, of all moneys derived from District 
 taxation, disbursed upon their order, by exhibiting receipts 
 from the parties to whom the money has been paid, and 
 they are, for a failure to do so, liable to a fine of twenty 
 dollars, and to an action for damages instituted by any 
 person injured thereby. — Sees. 15 16, Art. 7. 
 
 This settlement should be made with the Commissioner 
 on or before the termination of each school year. 
 
 20. The Trustees of any city or town, having a special 
 charter authorizing a less tax than 30 cents in the $100 
 of property, may, under Sec. 9, Art. 2 of Chap. 19, 
 General Statutes, levy an amount not exceeding 30 cents. 
 
21 
 
 21. Cities or towns may, under Sec. 9 of Art. 11, estab- 
 lish a system of graded schools. The method of pro- 
 cedure in such cases is prescribed in Sec. 5, Art. 6 of 
 Chap. 18, General Statutes, which consult, with notes in 
 ; 'The School Lawyer,'' pages 131 and 132, and Superin- 
 tendent's Annual Report for the year ending June 30th, 
 1879, page 142. 
 
 Cautions to Trustees About to Assess or Col- 
 lect a Tax. 
 
 1. Follow the prescription of the law to the letter. An 
 irregularity which would not void an election for Trustees 
 will defeat an election for the levy of a tax. . 
 
 2. It is important that the notices of the election should 
 be legally given, and the evidence of the notices should 
 be preserved. 
 
 3. Meet, as a Board, resolve to submit the question of 
 tax on a definite dav ; determine for how many amounts 
 on the $100 worth of property you will take the vote : 
 divide into cents the amount to be raised, and so express 
 it in the notices, that is, say how many cents to the $100 
 you propose for each object for which you propose to raise 
 the tax. 
 
 4. Make your action a matter of record ; select the 
 places where you will post the notices, and the Trustee 
 who will do it, make them out at the time, and get the 
 Commissioner's and Chairman's signatures, select the 
 three most prominent places in the District, and let the 
 object be to apprize every voter of the proposed election; 
 put the notices up so that fi ftee?i days will transpire before 
 the day of the election. 
 
22 
 
 5. If there is any question about the boundaries of the 
 District, have them accurately described, in writing, by the 
 Commissioner before assessing the tax-payers. Have the 
 officers you wish to hold the election engaged, and be at 
 the place with you at the proper time prepared to organize 
 for an election. 
 
 6. As soon as the election is successful get the tax list 
 from the assessor's books and make out a tax-bill for each 
 tax-payer, in form as follows : 
 
 Form of Tax Bill. 
 
 Assessment of the Taxes upon the ratable estate of 
 
 in District J\ T o of the 
 
 County of State of Kentucky ', made by 
 
 the Trustees thereof ", according to law, this 
 
 day of 18 .for the purpose of (here 
 
 state the object), according to a vote of said District, 
 held on day of 18 
 
 jSTames. 
 
 Real. Peisonal. Total. 
 
 T;ix. 
 
 The Chairman should sign the Tax Bill. This Bill is 
 not necessary. A list given the Collector is sufficient to 
 meet the law, but this plan will be best. 
 
 7. The Trustees may collect themselves or appoint the 
 
23 
 
 Collector. If the Board appoint they need not, but may 
 require bond, and if they do they should fix the sum and 
 approve the sureities. They should agree with the Col- 
 lector for his fees, or he will be entitled to ten per cent. 
 
 Collector's Bond. 
 
 Know all men, that we, A B, of State of 
 
 Kentucky, as principal, and C D, of as surety, 
 
 are firmly held and bound unto Trustees of school 
 
 district No. in the county of , and state 
 
 aforesaid, in the full sum of [to be fixed by the District, 
 not exceeding double the tax] to be paid to the said Trus- 
 tees their successors in said office, or assigns, to which we 
 jointly bind ourselves, our several and respective heirs, 
 executors and administrators. 
 
 Sealed and dated this day of A.D. 18 
 
 The condition of this obligation is, that whereas the 
 said A B was, at a meeting of the Board and Trustees of 
 school District No of the connty of ap- 
 pointed a collector of the rates and taxes assessed and to 
 be assesssd in, by and upon said district, and the said A 
 B has accepted said office ; and whereas said District on 
 
 the day of a. d 18 voted that a tax 
 
 has been legally assessed, and the Trustees of said District 
 hath issued their warrant to said Collector, with said rate 
 bill annexed, for the collection of said tax, the receipt of 
 which said rate bill and warrant is hereby acknowledged, 
 and by which said warrant, said tax is collected and paid 
 
 over, on or before the day of a.d. 18 
 
 Now if the said A B shall faithfully perform and dis- 
 charge said office and trust, and with dilligence and 
 
24 
 fidelity, levy and collect, as far as may be done, all the 
 taxes that have been, or may be so committed to him for 
 collection, during his continuance in office, and he, his 
 heirs, executors or administrators shall, at all times on 
 proper demand, render an account and pay over all the 
 proceeds of such collections to the Commissioner of said 
 County, or the successor in office, according to the direc- 
 tions contained in the warrants for their collection, then 
 this obligation is to be void, otherwise to remain in force. 
 Executed in presence of r L s i 
 
 [l. s.] 
 
 Warrant to Collect a Tax. 
 
 To A B, collector of taxes of School District No of the 
 
 County of and State of Kentucky :— Greeting. 
 
 You, having been appointed Collector of taxes for said 
 District, are hereby, in the name of said State, authorized 
 and required to proceed and collect the tax specified in 
 the annexed rate bill, according to law, and to pay the 
 same to the Commissioner of the Countv, or to his suc- 
 cessor in office; and for so doing this shall be your 
 sufficient warrant. 
 
 Given under my hand and seal, at this day of 
 
 •• a.d. 18 
 
 C D. [L . s .j 
 
 Chairman of the Board of Trustees of said School 
 District. 
 
 Construction as to Tax. 
 
 1. Tf the homestead be in a District voting a tax, all 
 the lands attached to it are subject to taxation in that 
 District and no other. 
 
25 
 
 2. The property of a manufacturing Company in a tax- 
 voting District is subject to the levy. 
 
 3. The property of non residents must be taxed. 
 
 4. An omission, through error, to assess one does not 
 invalidate the tax as against others. (21 Pick., 76 ; 6 
 Mit., % 498.) 
 
 5. The tax may be voted for five years, and the proceeds, 
 in contracting, be anticipated by the Trustees. 
 
 6. No change can be made in the boundary of any 
 District while it is subject to a local levy, voted by the 
 electors thereof. 
 
 7. When parties plead they live out of the District, or 
 have no pupil children, and, therefor, can not be benefitted 
 by the tax. let the Trustees reply that the Common 
 Schools are conducted for the good of the State, and not 
 to confer a private benefit. Men have to work the roads 
 who do not own a wheel or beast. All members of 
 society are interested in good citizenship, and property- 
 holders most of all. 
 
 8. The Trustees must be careful to expend every cent 
 in accordance with the notice, and all action directing ex- 
 penditures shall be made in Board Meeting and recorded. 
 If it be to build a School-house define and record the 
 location, secure the deed before beginning work, and the 
 plan of the building or its repairs. 
 
 9. The Collector must pay over the District tax within 
 two months unless otherwise directed by the Justices, or 
 he will render his sureties liable, and the Trustees should 
 take the precaution to so inform him. He has all the 
 power of distraint the Sheriff has in collecting the State 
 Taxes. 
 
26 
 
 The Chairman should give all orders upon the amount 
 for money in writing. 
 
 Make settlement with the Commissioner at the close of 
 
 each school year (30lh of June), and get a quietus, which 
 
 file. 
 
 NOTE— For anything farther as to what property is subject to 
 taxation and exemption, see " School Lawyer " pp. 43, 48. 
 
 How to Organize for and Conduct an 
 Election. 
 
 1. The Chairman should be at the voting place 
 promptly at the hour, namely,* one o'clock, with the poll 
 book furnished by the Commissioner, and call the electors 
 present to order, saying : " Citizens, we have come 
 together for the purpose of electing a Trustee of School 
 
 District No , and of determining whether a tax 
 
 of .cents on the hundred dollars shall be levied 
 
 for common school purposes.'' State the purpose to 
 which it is proposed to apply the tax. Ask, " Who will 
 you have for Judge ?" When the nominations are con- 
 cluded, take the vote in the order in which the candidates 
 were named, by saying, " Those of you in favor of E. F. 
 for Judge will hold up your right hands." Count them 
 and proceed until it is known who the electors have 
 chosen. In like manner proceed to elect a clerk. 
 
 2. If there be no one present at the appointed time, the 
 Chairman will wait until some one comes. As soon as 
 one man comes, let the Chairman designate him as Judge, 
 act as clerk himself, and let the election proceed. 
 
 3. The law does not prescribe that the Judge and clerk 
 shall take an oath. The law is satisfied when they prop- 
 
 * If to vote a tax, the State Board has decided that the vote must 
 be taken between 9 A. M. and 5 P. M. 
 
27 
 
 erly certify to the Commissioner the returns and who is 
 elected, and whether or not the tax was voted. 
 
 4. As soon as the officers of the election are deter- 
 mined, let the Chairman give to the clerk the poll-book, 
 and let the voting begin. 
 
 5. The judge of a district election must, within five days 
 after an election, cause the poll-book of said election to 
 be placed in the hands of the County Commissioner. It 
 must be added up, and a certificate thereon must show 
 that a certain person has been elected. This must be 
 certified by the Judge and Clerk. The record of a case, 
 from Marion county, showed that the report was not 
 added up, and no one was certified by name as elected, 
 and the poll-book was not certified. The Commissioner 
 refused to receive it as official and appointed Trustees. 
 It was decided that it was not the business of the Com- 
 missioner to add up the poll and determine the result. 
 That no one was certified as elected. That he had no 
 official testimony that the poll was the poll of the dis- 
 trict, as the voters were registered in pencil, and the figure 
 1, 1, 1, &c, placed opposite each elector's name. The 
 record should have been in ink, and the votes registered 
 in cumulative figures— 1, 2, 3, &c— and should have con- 
 tained a certificate showing who was elected, signed by 
 the officers of the election. The Commissioner was sus- 
 tained. 
 
 It was decided obiter dicta that the Trustees qualified 
 could only be removed by a writ quo warranto in a civil 
 court, the State Board having no jurisdiction over writs. 
 It was said that the parties could have (1) enjoined the 
 Commissioner from qualifying the appointed Trustees 
 until the matter of the appeal was decided by the Board ; 
 
28 
 
 or (2), they could by a mandamus, if one could be ob- 
 tained, try the question — the writ sued for, to direct the 
 Commissioner to recognize the parties claiming to have 
 been elected. That these steps not having been taken, 
 the Trustees in office could only be removed by a 
 quo warranto. When officers have been recognized and 
 qualified by a Commissioner, the remedy for parties 
 claiming an election is not before the State Board, but in 
 a civil court, having the power to subpoena witnesses. 
 
 For the benefit of Trustees not versed in the terms of 
 the law, we define — 
 
 (1.) An injunction is a judicial writ or process requir- 
 ing a party to do or refrain from doing a particular tbing. 
 If parties claiming to be elected Trustees have reason to 
 believe that, pending an appeal, the Commissioner pro- 
 poses to qualify other parties, the}' may enjoin him from 
 so doing. But the Commissioner has the right, pending 
 the appeal or contest, to recognize whomsoever he will 
 until the appeal or contest has been determined. 
 
 (2.) A mandamus is a writ issued from a court of com- 
 petent jurisdiction, directing a person to do some speci- 
 fied thing, as in the case of Trustees to require the Com- 
 missioner to qualify certain persons claiming to have been 
 elected Trustees. 
 
 (4.) A quo -warranto is a writ against certain parties, 
 requiring them to show by what authority they hold their 
 claim; as in the case of Trustees qualified by a Commis- 
 sioner to show by what authority they were introduced to 
 
 office. 
 
 (4.) A contest controverts the claims of other parties, 
 and sets up what is supposed to be a superior claim. 
 
 6. Votes cannot be recorded before or after the hour 
 
29 
 
 appointed for an election ; but shonld the officers be tardy 
 in opening the election, and voters should wait and vote, 
 so that no one was deprived of his right to vote,* the elec- 
 tion would not be invalidated. The Trustees should 
 always be present at the appointed hour, and organize for 
 the election, among themselves, if other patrons are not 
 present. 
 
 7. The certificate of the officers of a district election is 
 the legal evidence of a Trustee's election ; and a Commis- 
 sioner is justifiable in refusing to' recognize a person 
 claiming the Trustee's office until he brings a certificate of 
 election. 
 
 8. Elections for tax may be held any time during the 
 year, after fifteen days' notice has been given. 
 
 9. A Judge of an election, if a voter of the District, 
 has one vote as an elector, and another as. Judge in case 
 of a tie. 
 
 9. Statutory residence as a voter in a precinct, which 
 includes a district or a part thereof, entitles a patron to 
 vote in a school election when changed from one district 
 to another in the same precinct, or a part thereof. 
 
 10. Voters are required to possess the qualifications of 
 electors at a general election, and no others. The excep- 
 tions are in the cases of widows and aliens. 
 
 Note. — For other information concerning who may vote, see 
 "Kentucky School Lawyer," pages 36-38. Constitution, Sec. 8, 
 Art. II. 
 
 District Boundaries. 
 
 1. Boundaries should always be recorded in the Com- 
 missioner's book, described by geographical land -marks, 
 
 '•'If it could be shown that by this delay voters were deprived of 
 their votes, and that had these been taken, the result would have 
 been changed, it would invalidate the election. 
 
30 
 
 and not by the name of patrons. A copy should be fur- 
 nished the Trustees of each district. 
 
 2. Several cases came up in Bourbon involving changes 
 of boundary. In one instance a new district had been 
 made by taking territory from two others. It was 
 alleged that the Commissioner had failed to give the writ- 
 ten notice required by Section 1 of Article 6, Chapter 
 18, General Statutes. He appeared and gave affidavit that 
 he had given written notice. It was decided that, in this 
 case, there could be discovered by the Board no improper 
 motive in making the changes ; that the majority were 
 adverse to his action, and included Justices of the Peace 
 upon whose favor he relied for re-election, and that he 
 was of unimpeachable character, and could not have for- 
 gotten a matter of so much official importance ; and, as 
 the appellants did not pretend to impeach his veracity, 
 and these statements were a matter of memory, and the 
 act of the Commissioner, presumptively, a matter of 
 record, the Board sustained his action, believing it to 
 have been prompted by a conviction that the creation of 
 the new districts was for the good of the Common Schools 
 in his county. 
 
 3. A case was appealed on the ground that the Com- 
 missioner had not given written notice. The record 
 showed that all the parties interested in the change 
 were present and entered their objections. It was 
 decided that the voluntary appearance of the parties was 
 a waiving of notice — the purpose of the law having been 
 met by their voluntary presence. The Commissioner 
 was, therefore, sustained. 
 
 4. A boundary cannot be changed while a tax-levy, 
 voted by the electors, remains in force. 
 
 5. A change of boundary must be made before the 
 
31 
 
 taking of the census, and a written notice given the 
 Trustees of each distriet to be affected thereby of the 
 time and place to hear objections. After hearing objec- 
 tions, the Commissioner has the right to make the 
 change, except as set forth in 4. 
 
 6. The boundary of a fractional district cannot be 
 changed except by the mutual consent of the Commis- 
 sioners of^the two counties, or upon appeal to the State 
 Board. The site of the school-house determines the 
 question of county jurisdiction. In whatever county the 
 house is situated, to that county the jurisdiction belongs. 
 
 7. No Board of Trustees should fail to require of the 
 Commissioner a written boundary description. 
 
 Census. 
 
 1. It is the duty of the Board of Trustees, during the 
 month of April, to take the census. If they have it taken 
 they must pay for it themselves. If not done by them by 
 the 10th of May, the Commissioner can have it done and 
 pay for it with money deducted from the apportionment 
 by the State to the district. — Sec. 7, Art VII., Chap. 18. 
 G. S. 
 
 If done by neither, the Superintendent will take the 
 census of the previous year as the basis of apportionment. 
 —Sec. 7, Art. I., Ohap. 18, G. S. 
 
 2. It is the duty of the Chairman to make his Census 
 Report before the 10th of May. The Commissioner has 
 to report to the Superintendent by the 1st of June. — Sec. 
 7, Art. V., Chap. 18, G. S. 
 
 3. The school age includes all children between six 
 and twenty j'ears of age, even if married. 
 
 4. Children of people moving into a district before the 
 
32 
 
 census is taken, but not having acquired citizenship, can 
 be embraced in the census. If they come from another 
 state after the census is taken, and send pupils to school, 
 the teacher has the right to charge them tuition. If they 
 are citizens of Kentucky, they can send to the school, 
 though enrolled elsewhere. 
 
 5. Pupils omitted by the census -taker are not barred 
 the school, though no money can be drawn for them. 
 When the apportionment tables are once made up, the 
 Superintendent has no fund left with which to pay for 
 children left out by the officers. 
 
 6. If the mistake is the Trustees', the Board is respon- 
 sible ; if the Commissioner's, he is liable for the amount 
 they would have drawn had they been reported at the 
 proper time to the Superintendent. 
 
 7. The Trustees should be put in possession, by the 
 Commissioner, of the written boundary of the district, 
 geographically described, and not by the names of heads 
 of families. Trustees must be careful not to report 
 children belonging to another district, as the law pre- 
 scribes a heavy penalty. — Sec. 6, Art. VIII., Chap. 27, 
 G. S. The Commissioner should compare the Census 
 Reports and see that children are not reported more than 
 once, and only where they belong. Done Avillfully, it is a 
 penitentiary offence. 
 
 8. The residence of a child is that of its parent, 
 guardian, or master (if an apprentice). If a child were a 
 citizen, and had the right to vote in the district, it would 
 have the right to attend school. Children cannot be sent 
 to relatives or friends with a view of being sent to the 
 District School free of charge. A property-holder living 
 
33 
 
 in another district cannot send his children (free) to a 
 school in which he pays school-tax. 
 
 9. A child must be six years old on or before the 1st 
 day of July, and less than twenty by one day, at least, on 
 the 1st day of July, to be reported in the census. Proper 
 questions to ask : 
 
 (1.) How many children have you, who will be six 
 years old on tbe 1st day of July, and less than twenty 
 years old on the 30th day of June ? 
 
 (2.) What is your name (parent, guardian, or master) 
 in full ? 
 
 (3.? What are the Christian names of your girls ? 
 Boys ? 
 
 (4.) Have you given your children to a census-taker 
 this year ? 
 
 10. Cities, reporting directly to the Superintendent, 
 may be required to send him the detailed report — the same 
 as that the Trustees deliver to the Commissioner. It 
 must contain the names of parents or guardians, the 
 names of pupils, the street, number of residence, and age 
 of each pupil. 
 
 11. When cities do not report in time, it is in the power 
 of the Superintendent to employ a person to take the 
 census, and deduct the cost of the same from the fund 
 apportioned the district. 
 
 12. Children in any of the State Schools cannot be 
 reported, as they are- already enjoying the benefits of 
 education at public cost. These institutions are : 
 
 (1.) The Agricultural and Mechanical College. 
 
 (2.) The Institution for Deaf and Dumb. 
 
 (3.) The Institution for the Blind. 
 
 (4.) The Institution for Feeble-minded Children, 
 
34 
 
 13. A child that will be six years of age on the 1st day 
 of July cannot be reported. Persons who will be twenty on 
 that day cannot be reported. The census taken in April 
 is for the scholastic year beginning July 1st. 
 
 14. Residence is not acquired by temporary removal to 
 a district for the purpose of sending children to school. 
 
 15. A Commissioner changed a boundary, and failed 
 to make the change a matter of record. Afterward it 
 was sought to invalidate an election by throwing out the 
 votes of the electors living without the district as described 
 by the record, but within as it was orally changed by the 
 Commissioner. The census report had included the 
 parties objected to, and it was proved that for several 
 years they had exercised the rights and paid the costs of 
 patrons. It was decided.* that the electors could not be 
 made to suffer on account of the laches of the Commie, 
 sioner. The census and poll-books for several years were 
 introduced by the parties, and were received as testimony. 
 The election was validated, and the Commissioner 
 ordered to amend his official record. 
 
 16. The consent of the Trustees of adjoining districts 
 {Sec. 5, Art. VI., Chap. 18, G. S.) for a pupil to go to 
 school out of the district, and to pay the teacher thereof, 
 does not change the census relation of the pupil to the 
 district giving consent. If a contract is made with a 
 teacher for the public money apportioned the district, and 
 the Trustees consent to the transfer of a pupil and its 
 per capita, the teacher can claim of the Trustees. If 
 done, he must assent to relinquish his claim. 
 
 Certificates. 
 
 1. Teachers must have a certificate or license to be 
 
35 
 
 competent to contract for a school. He must have a cer- 
 ificate or license to render valid every day of teac hing. 
 
 2. A County certificate permits a teacher to teach in 
 any District in his County. 
 
 3. A State certificate enables him to teach in any 
 District in the State. - 
 
 4. A license is only good for a specified school and 
 term. Trustees should never employ a teachef on a 
 license, when one can be obtained possessing a certificate. 
 Commissioners should never issue a license when a teacher 
 with a certificate can be secured. Its a great mistake to 
 suppose that anybody that can read is fit to teach little 
 children. The best teachers ought to teach beginners. 
 
 5. A Commissioner can, for legal reason, revoke a 
 teacher's certificate. A revocation annuls the contract. 
 In such a case the teacher must be paid for the time he 
 taught 'with a certificate. If his certificate has been re- 
 voked without legal causes, his redress is in the Com- 
 missioner. 
 
 6. If a Board of Trustees dismiss the teacher without 
 legal reason, they are responsible, and the teacher may re- 
 cover from them. 
 
 7. Certificates are of the following classes and grades: 
 (1.) A first grade 1st class certificate. 
 
 (2.) A second grade, 1st class certificate. 
 
 (3.) A second class certificate. There axe first and 
 second grade. Second class certificates. 
 
 (4.) A license. 
 
 (5.) A State certificate good anywhere. 
 
 (6.) Certificates issued by City Boards, and good only 
 for the schools controled by them. 
 
 8. Whoever contracts to teach a Common School must 
 
36 
 
 have a certificate, and whoever does the actual teaching. 
 A person without a certificate, though a master of arts, 
 and a President of a University is not competent to con- 
 tract without a certificate. By " qualified teacher " the 
 law means one having a County, State, or City certificate, 
 good only where issued. -License ought to mean nothing 
 but lie-sense. Better no school than one taught by a sham 
 and shift who cannot get the lowest grade certificate. 
 
 9. A teacher failing to attend the Institute, unexcused 
 by the Commissioner {or good reasons, forfeits his certifi- 
 cate, and every day he teaches thereafter is illegal, and he 
 is not entitled to pay. 
 
 10. Should a teacher be degraded, and on appeal have 
 his certificate restored, he can claim pay — for such loss, 
 in such a case, is not his act, but that of the agents of the 
 State. He has, also, the right of action against those 
 parties to the transaction, for damages, if any have re- 
 sulted. 
 
 Who Employs the Teacher and Contracts 
 With Him. 
 
 1. The Board of Trustees, having supervision during 
 the term the school is taught, is alone competent to em- 
 ploy the teacher, and a majority of the Board must 
 concur in his employment. An old Board cannot em- 
 ploy a teacher, even though two holding over agree 
 thereto. 'It must wait until the new member is qualified. 
 The Board must act together in regular session in the 
 transaction of all its business. . Each member must be 
 notified by the Chairman of the time and place of meeting. 
 A Chairman is not competent to contract without the 
 
87 
 
 concurrence of one of the other members of the Board. 
 
 2. When an Assistant Trustee is needed, the Trustees 
 have the right to employ him, as he is responsible to the 
 Boaid for his share of the conduct of the school. 
 
 3. A contract made with a teacher before the Board is 
 qualified and organized, and with a teacher who has no 
 certificate at the time of contracting, is not a legal con- 
 tract. 
 
 4. The form of agreement with a teacher is printed in 
 the Teachers' Register, furnished each District. Contracts 
 should always be in writing, and signed by all the con- 
 tracting parties. 
 
 5. The contract should state who is to attend to the 
 school-house, furnishing fuel, &c. 
 
 6. A contract can not be enforced by law, which con- 
 templates a longer term, for the fublic money than the 
 legal term of three or five months. The amount appor- 
 tioned the District is the salary the State pays its officer 
 for a definite service as to quantity, quality and duration. 
 
 7. No contract contemplating the use of a part of this 
 salary for ulterior purposes can be enforced. 
 
 8. Trustees should contract with the teacher for a de- 
 finite amount. If they exceed the public money or the 
 amount supplemented by the local tax, or a reliable sub- 
 scription, Trustees render themselves liable for the de- 
 ficiency. It is competent to contract for the apportionment 
 without designating the amount. Whatever is hypothe- 
 cated without conditions, the Board is obligated to pay, 
 and should the anticipated revenues not be realized, they 
 are responsible to the teacher in his individual capacity, 
 unless otherwise expressly stipulated. 
 
 9. No more service can be required of a teacher for the 
 
38 
 
 public money apportioned the District than the law, and 
 regulations governing Common Schools require. A failure 
 of a teacher to comply with extra requirements, involving 
 time, talent and labor, would not invalidate the contract, 
 but he could claim the apportionment if he could show 
 that he had done all the State required of him. Trustees 
 are the agents and officers of the State to secure a specific 
 and stated result, and they have no right to speculate upon 
 the teacher's (also an officer of the State) necessities, to 
 extort more from him than his employer — the State, re- 
 quires of him. 
 
 10. Trustees bind themselves, individually and collec- 
 tively, when they promise more than the State agrees to 
 pay. They should, hence, contract for the public fund 
 without anticipating a definite amount. 
 
 11. Trustees act for the District in contracting on the 
 basis of the local tax, and this is a matter purely conven- 
 tional, between them and the teacher. 
 
 12. Contracts, to be legally binding, must be made by 
 the Board in its corporate capacity. Though its members 
 are qualified before, the Board can not organize for busi- 
 ness until the 1st day of July. Though two members re- 
 main they can not contract until the junior member is 
 legally in office — the 1st day of July. Any contract made 
 before is void ab initio (from the beginning.) 
 
 13. The Trusteees have no right to grant holidays not 
 granted by the State. 
 
 14. If the teacher chooses to teach on holidays he can, 
 and count the time. He may not teach Saturday, without 
 special agreement. By mutual consent only can the 
 school be adjourned for the statutory holidays occurring 
 during the term. 
 
39 
 
 15. The teacher does not lose time because of freshets, 
 epidemics &c. He does when he himself is not at the 
 school-house, no matter what the cause. Should he be 
 locked out and go to the house he can count the time. 
 He" can not force an entry as against the Trustees, but may 
 count the time. 
 
 16. Should the Trustees, when responsible under the 
 contract, fail to furnish fuel in cold weather, and the 
 pupils shonld leave in consequence thereof, the teacher 
 may, also, do so, even though he send the children home. 
 He must be able to prove, however, that it would have 
 been cruel, and impaired health to have detained them. 
 He can not make the pupils do menial service. It must 
 be voluntary whenever rendered. If the teacher has 
 made himself responsible by agreement, for the comfort 
 of the pupils, and fails to provide the conditions thereto, 
 he looses the time. 
 
 17. Oral contracts must be clearly prove 1, or tbe pre- 
 sumptions of the case will interpret, and locate respon- 
 sibility. 
 
 18. Should a house be destroyed by fire or flood, or 
 tempest, or mob-violence, the teacher does not lose the 
 time. 
 
 School Term. 
 
 1. A District containing forty pupils and more, must 
 have a school of five months, or one hundred and ten 
 days. 
 
 1. A District containing thirty-nine pupils and less, 
 must be taught three months, or sixty-six days. 
 
 3. A District School in which there is an average 
 
40 
 
 attendance of sixty or more pupils must have an assistant 
 teacher, who must have a certificate. 
 
 4. A schcol term must be included within the school 
 year, and must be continuous. 
 
 Holidays. 
 
 1. The only legal Holidays are the twenty- second of 
 February, the Fourth of July, Christmas day (not week), 
 and days of Thanksgiving and Fast proclaimed by the 
 Governor. If either of these days occur during the 
 school term, the Trustee may count them, provided he 
 agrees with the teacher to this effect, and not otherwise, 
 
 2. The teacher is entitled to count the time he is in 
 actual attendance upon the County Institute, provided, 
 the Institute occurs during the school term, and not 
 otherwise. The Trustee cannot subtract this time, as the 
 teacher forfeits his certificate should he fail to attend. 
 
 3. A school cannot be dismissed on account of an epi- 
 demic, or cold weather, or a freshet, except by the mu- 
 tual consent of the Trustees and teacher. If the teacher 
 consents he loses the time. 
 
 4. Should a storm or fire render the school-house un- 
 tenantable, the Trustee must immediately procure another 
 house. The teacher does not lose the time when suspen- 
 sion ensues from the act of God. 
 
 5. The school cannot be suspended for a meeting of 
 any kind. 
 
 6. By " school days " are meant all days, except Satur- 
 day and Sunday, legal holidays, and while the teacher is 
 in attendance upon the Institute. 
 
41 
 
 Incompcitihle Offices. 
 
 1. A Trustee cannot be a Justice of the Peace, or a 
 Count}- Judge, or a Common School teacher. 
 
 2. A teacher cannot be a Trustee, or an Overseer of 
 the Road. 
 
 3. A teacher may hold the office of Commissioner, but 
 must arrange his school so that he can visit each district 
 school. Should he fail to visit the school, he is not entitled 
 to the three dollars pay, apportioned for this work. It is 
 not sufficient that he visits the District. 
 
 Exemptions. 
 
 1. A Chairman of the Board of Trustees is exempt 
 from all jury service, militia duty, and work upon the 
 highway. Other Trustees are not exempt from these 
 services. 
 
 2. A teacher is not exempt from such services. When 
 called upon to work the road he must serve, or pay the 
 penalty. If he works, he loses the time. 
 
 Contingent Fee. 
 
 1. The Trustees have the right to exact fifty cents 
 from each patron (a person actually sending children to 
 school) to supply fuel, brooms, and to pay for taking care 
 of the school-room. If the teacher does this, the money 
 may be paid him, if so agreed. 
 
 2. When this money is not required for the necessaries 
 of the school-house (such as fuel, buckets, brooms, etc.), 
 the poll-tax may be levied and collected, and the money 
 applied -to furnishing the school-room, or purchasing a 
 blackboard, maps, charts, globes, dictionary, record book, 
 Guide to Trustees, etc. 
 
42 
 
 3. The Trustees may warrant delinquent patrons, but 
 cannot distrain. 
 
 4. It is not a teacher's duty to make fires, provide fuel, 
 sweep the floor, etc. The contract should never fail to 
 clearly express by whom these things are to be provided, 
 and who is to perform this service. If a teacher volun- 
 tarily assumes this service, he may be held to his contract, 
 and should he fail to perform his self-assumed duties it 
 would be ground for annulling the contract. 
 
 5. The Trustees may assess only so much as may be 
 necessary to pay costs, and may accept its equivalent in 
 wood, or needed articles, or necessary labor (such as 
 cutting wood, digging a well, etc.) 
 
 6. The tax may be levied to dig and w r all a well ; as 
 inay, also, the ad valorem tax, when so voted, specifically. 
 The " hands " may be called out to dig a well, build a 
 fence, open or clear a road, etc. 
 
 Relation of the Common School to Other 
 Schools. 
 
 1. A Common School is one kept by a teacher having 
 a State or County certificate, or license, for five, or three 
 months, as the law may require, and in which all the 
 children, included in the census, have the privilege of. 
 attending without charge — either direct or indirect. 
 
 2. A rate or tuition bill cannot be exacted in a Com- 
 mon School, nor is it lawful to fix any charges, or to pro 
 rate the fund on a tuition bill, if thereby any pupil is ex- 
 cluded, or made to pay any sum whatever by any arbi- 
 trary, conventional arrangement with the teacher of any 
 private, subscription, or incorporated school. All such 
 arrangements must be voluntary, and embrace nothing 
 coercive. 
 
43 
 
 3. No Common School can be under the auspices of 
 any religious denomination, nor can any religion be 
 taught therein, or any sectarian or infidel tract be read. 
 Under no circumstances can a Common School be 
 attached to, or incorporated with any school belonging to 
 any denomination, no matter how eligible its proposition 
 to do so may seem. 
 
 4. A Common School cannot be attached to any Uni- 
 versity, College, Academy or High School, though under 
 secular control, without the consent of the Commissioner, 
 ratified by a vote of the electors of the District in which 
 it. is located, and then only for a period of one year, un- 
 less renewed by vote, at the tin^e designated for the elec- 
 tion of Common School Trustees. In such cases the 
 Directors, Curators, or other managers become Common 
 School Trustees, charged Avith the observance of the 
 Rules and Regulations governing Common Schools, and 
 are subject to all the penalties prescribed for ordinary 
 Trustees of Common Schools. No arrangement can be 
 effected with such an Institution which does not accord 
 and render free tuition for five months in each year to 
 every common school pupil who pursues the studies pre- 
 scribed by the Common School laws. If pupils pursue 
 other and higher studies they may be charged for such 
 instruction, and it is not obligatory to fro rate the school 
 fund in part payment of such fees. In plain terms, in- 
 struction in branches embraced in the Common School 
 course must be taught absolutely free, to every legitimate 
 pupil. 
 
 5. Where it does not abridge the rights of pupils, pur- 
 suing the elementary studies, prescribed in the Common 
 School course, higher branches may be taught, with the 
 
44 
 
 consent of the Trustees, and tuition fees charged for such 
 instruction. The first duty of a Common School teacher 
 is to the pupils pursuing the elementary studies prescribed 
 for the Common Schools. 
 
 5. Pay pupils from other districts may be received by 
 the consent of the Trustees, but not in such numbers and 
 studies as will interfere with the proper and thorough in- 
 struction of the enrolled pupils of the District. 
 
 6. Pupils paying tuition, for any reason, have no rights 
 superior to those attending free. The supreme right to 
 the teacher's best service belongs to the State pupils who 
 attend free, and whose instruction is paid for with the 
 school money apportioned the District. 
 
 7. No individual pupil has a personal pro rata allotted 
 to him. A given amount of money, upon a census basis, 
 is allotted each district, but the gross amount is for the 
 payment of the teacher, and if a pupil pursues higher or 
 other studies than those pursued in the Common School, 
 he cannot claim, as a right, the credit of a per caput upon 
 his tuition. The State money is to pay for a school in 
 which elementary English studies are taught. In Ken- 
 tucky the State pays nothing for Higher Education. 
 Whenever higher education is given at the public cost, 
 the arrangement is municipal, and not State. High 
 Schools, whereever founded, must be maintained at local 
 expense. The District Tax, provided for in the General 
 Statutes, cannot be applied to the support of High 
 Schools. 
 
 8. Whenever and by whatever arrangement of a local 
 character the Common School is taught, the teacher 
 must have a certificate, and the general regulations be ob^ 
 served with regard to the Common School Department. 
 
9. It is the opinion of the Superintendent, that all 
 special acts, giving Institutions the right to receive the 
 Common School Fund, and to pro rate the per capita 
 upon tuition bills are unconstitutional, and that this has 
 been decided clearly by the Court of Appeals in the case 
 of Halbert vs. Sparks, 9 Bush, 259, and of Henderson, 
 Supt, &c. vs. R. H. Collins and W. L. Jett, &c, 11th 
 Bush. 
 
 School Houses. 
 
 1. The Trustees are charged with furnishing a house in 
 which to teach the school. They can not employ a cent 
 oi the money apportioned by the State for that purpose. 
 
 2. The law provides these ways : 
 
 (1.) The voting of an ad valorem tax of 25 cents on 
 the $100 (in the county), and 30 cents in the city, for from 
 one to five years. 
 
 (2.) The levy of a $2 capitation tax when a majority of 
 the electors consent. 
 
 (3.) The calling out of the hands to furnish labor, and 
 implements (as in the case of overseers of roads) for two 
 days in a week until completed. 
 
 3. They have a right to secure a site by purchase or a 
 writ of ad quad damnum, when the owner of a desired 
 spot will not sell. See " Kentucky School Lawyer," 
 pages 144, 157 of "The Manual of School Architecture," 
 a work that will be furnished any Trustee upon applica- 
 tion to the State Superintendent. It contains all that is 
 necessary to know concerning the site, and how to obtain 
 it, the building of the house, containing as it does eleva- 
 tions, plans, and specification forms of contracting, and 
 deeds to the site, the lighting, warming, ventilating and 
 
46 
 
 seating thereof, &c. No house should be built without 
 consulting this book, and a postal-card request to the 
 Superintendent will put the Board in possession of it. 
 We prepared it with great ease, and it contains an exhaus- 
 tive treatment (illustrated) of the whole subject. 
 
 4. The State Boar 1 has recently given the following 
 important opinion, and we reproduce it as it was pub- 
 lished in the original official circular : 
 
 SETTLE (Patron) ) 
 
 vs. > Franklin County. 
 
 THOMAS B. FORD,C. S. C. ) 
 
 Office Superintendent Public Institution, 
 Frankfort, Ky., September 4th, 1879. 
 To Commissioners of Common Schools ; 
 
 1. At a judicial session of the State Board of Educa- 
 tion, an appeal was considered from a patron of District 
 No. 36, of Franklin County, from the Commissioner of 
 Common Schools, involving the right of Trustees to levy 
 the $2 capitation tax to complete a school-house, begun 
 under a vote of the District to levy an ad valorem tax to 
 build the same. The Commissioner had decided that the 
 will of the majority had been once expressed to support 
 the Trustees in their effort to supply the District with a 
 good house, and that the levy of the capitation tax was 
 legal, the proceeds of the tax on property having proven 
 inadequate. The State Board sustained the Commissioner, 
 or appeal, an abstract of the opinion delivered in behalf 
 of the Board by President Henderson, being as follows, 
 viz : The State contemplates a place in which to carry 
 on the business of education, and requires the Trustees 
 to furnish one. It is clearly implied that the means nec- 
 essary are to be used when voluntary enterprise is insuffi- 
 
47 
 
 cient to afford the house. The law provides three 
 methods — 
 
 1. An ad valorem tax, limited, in one year, to 35 cents 
 on the hundred dollars' worth of property. 
 
 2. The calling out of the road-hands to work on the 
 house. 
 
 3. The levy of a capitation tax. 
 
 The only condition, with reference to the tax, is, that 
 the will of the people is to be ascertained.. When the 
 people voted an ad valorem tax, they said, in effect, we 
 need and want the house. This necessity being apparent, 
 the Trustees, chai-ged with the responsibility to build the 
 house, have the right to exhaust all the means suggested 
 by the law and the reason of the case. They may not 
 levy the $2 poll-tax for the 3^ear in which the ad valorem 
 tax was levied, because prohibited by a limiting clause in 
 the law. Under the vote in District No. 30, the Trustees 
 began the erection of the house. A decline of values, 
 bankruptcy, etc., decreased the proceeds anticipated from 
 the levy. An unfinished house, unfit for occupancy, was 
 on their hands. They levied the $2 tax to prepare the 
 house for occupancy. Certain parties appealed to the 
 Commissioner ; he sustained the Trustees, aud now the 
 case is before the Boai-d, on appeal, for an opinion. The 
 Board, by a majority of its members, gives the following 
 deliverance : 
 
 1. When a vote has been taken declaring that amajority 
 favor the erection of a new house, or the repair of an old 
 one, the Trustee may exhaust all the provisions of the 
 law, and, of course, levy the $2 capitation tax. To sup- 
 pose otherwise, is to assume that the State requires of 
 
48 
 
 them a duty without affording the means by which they 
 may perform it. 
 
 2. Where there is no house, and the patrons are so in- 
 different to the education of their children as to be un- 
 willing to vote a tax, or subscribe the money necessary to 
 furnish one, the Trustees may levy the $2 tax, and call 
 out the hands, as many years in succession as may be 
 necessary, to provide a place in which to teach the Com- 
 mon School. The object of the school is not to confer a 
 private benefit, but it is to improve the State's citizenship. 
 The local indifference, therefore, can not stand in the waj r 
 of the accomplishment of the State'e supreme purpose in 
 education. 
 
 3. When a house is supposed to need repairs, it re- 
 quires the favoring expression of the majority before the 
 two-dollar tax can be levied — that is, the District patrons 
 are permitted to express a controlling opinion as to 
 whether the house needs repairs. 
 
 Under this opinion, Commissioners, acting upon the 
 petition of the Trustees, may order the levy of two dol- 
 lars in any District in which there is no school-house. 
 They may, after a vote has been taken expressing the 
 necessity of a new house, exhaust all the provisions of the 
 law, 
 
 By order of the Board of Education. 
 
 Howard Henderson, President. 
 
 Webster's Dictionary. 
 
 The State Board of Education has made Webster the 
 standard for Kentucky ; and this action will establish it 
 as the standard of appeal in colleges, academies, and 
 private schools, and with the press, and in literary circles 
 in this Commonwealth. The Board recommends that 
 each school district furnish its school with a copy, 
 regarding it as essential next to an indispensable black- 
 board. Once purchased, one copy, well taken care of, 
 will last a generation. The latest edition contains nearly 
 2,000 pages, quarto size, 3,000 illustrations, handsomely 
 
49 
 
 engraved, and illustrating, pictorially, every department 
 of natural science, the mechanical arts, mythology, 
 music and musical instruments, history, heraldry, national 
 ensigns, manners, utensils, architecture, fine arts, and 
 costumes of all ages and nations, and will contribute more 
 to convey definite and accurate ideas to pupils' minds than 
 all the printed and oral descriptions that can be given. 
 It also coniains a biographical dictionary, giving the pro- 
 nunciation of the proper names of nearly 10,000 persons, 
 and much information concerning them. In reading, 
 these persons are being constantly mentioned, and no 
 intelligent progress can be made without knowledge of 
 the characters referred to in the exercise or composition. 
 Who were they ? What were they ? When did they 
 live? What did they do? are constantly recurring 
 questions ; and with an Unabridged at his elbow, the 
 conscientious teacher can always be prepared with an 
 accurate answer. It also defines, spells and pronounces 
 every word, gives its root, derivatives, and its use in polite 
 literature, as sanctioned by the classic writers of the 
 English language, and spoken in the most refined circles 
 of society. 
 
 In order to purchase it, the Trustees, after fifteen days' 
 notice, can submit the question to the voters of the dis- 
 trict whether they will submit to a levy of $10 (its price) 
 to purchase it ; and that people must be singularly impe- 
 cunious, or indifferent to the education of its children, 
 when this small sum, to achieve and compass so valuable 
 an end, would be refused. Ten dollars will buy it, and 
 pay all the costs necessary to placing it on the Trustees' 
 desk. When not necessary for contingent expenses, the 
 capitation tax of fifty cents can be used for this purchase, 
 if deemed preferable. Or, in a school of fifty pupils, 
 twenty cents from each child would afford the necessary 
 sum. Any little pleasing entertainment would supply 
 the means of purchase. When purchased, it is the per- 
 manent property of the district, and each teacher should 
 be required to receipt for it, and turn it over, at the close 
 of the term, to the Chairman of the Board, taking his 
 
50 
 
 acknowledgment of delivery. So earnestly is the author 
 of this Manual impressed with the importance of educa- 
 tion in the use of our mother tongue — words being the 
 signs of ideas, conversation being the joy of modern 
 society, and the power to talk well being one of the 
 greatest of all accomplishments, and a wide vocabulary 
 the indispensable to all impressive and effective public 
 soeakingand writing — that he urgently begs each District 
 Board to give this matter early attention. The Un- 
 abridged Dictionary is published by G. & C. Merriam, 
 Springfield, Massachusetts. The Superintendent has 
 obtained the special term of $9 a copy to scnools at the 
 place of publication, and $10 a copy when delivered. 
 
 Privileges of Teachers. 
 
 1. To correct pupils by any method of discipline that 
 is not cruel. If the rod is used they must not abrade the # 
 skin, whip over the head or neck, or bare feet or legs 
 If corporal punishment is inflicted in anger, and with 
 undue severity, it will subject the teacher to a legal prose- 
 cution. No unusual instrument must be used. If the 
 ferule is employed, it must not be on the ears, or other 
 parts where damage (bruises, bone injuries, etc.) might 
 be done. Pinching, pulling the ears or hair, shutting up 
 in dark closets, standing pupils upon one leg, suspending 
 them by the arms, etc., must not be resorted to. Pupils 
 may be denied recess, and kept in after hours. Extra 
 tasks should not be imposed. 
 
 2. A teacher can suspend a pupil for incorrigible con- 
 duct, but should immediately report his action to the 
 Trustees. Expulsion is the province of the District 
 Board. 
 
 3. Teachers have government over pupils on their way 
 to and from school. 
 
 4. Teachers may and should refuse to teach other books 
 than those prescribed. They may, by the consent of the 
 Trustees, teach higher branches and charge tuition, but 
 such instruction must not abridge the rights of Common 
 
51 
 
 School pupils. Teachers may refuse to teach pupils who 
 pursue higher branches than those included in the Com- 
 mon School course. 
 
 5. Teachers may legally refuse to teach longer than 
 five months in a term, or six hours a day, except where 
 they have contracted otherwise. 
 
 6. Teachers may refuse to adjourn for holidays, and 
 may count the time, though the Trustees may have 
 directed otherwise. 
 
 7. Teachers are not required to furnish fuel or perform 
 menial services unless they have so contracted. 
 
 8. Teachers do not lose time in consequence of freshets, 
 epidemics, fires and storms, or any other act of God. 
 
 9. Teachers may draw 40 per cent of their claims when 
 the school is taught half the time, and 60 per cent when it 
 is completed. 
 
 10. Teachers may dispose of their claims in this way 
 only: Receipt to the Commissioner for the amount dis- 
 posed of, and draw an order upon the Commissioner for 
 it in favor of the purchaser. 
 
 11. Teachers may require any reasonable and unde- 
 grading service of their pupils. They may require 
 cleanliness and neatness. 
 
 12. Teachers may, if they choose, read the Bible 
 without note or comment, and have prayers at the opening 
 or closing, but cannot require their pupils, if they or their 
 parents object, to read or join m the prayer. Religious 
 exercises must be absolutely unsectariam 
 
 13. Teachers' wages cannot be garnisheed for debt, 
 but their tuition fee's can. They are public officers, and 
 the fund apportioned the district is their salary. Their 
 text-books are exempt from execution. 
 
 14. Teachers may lawfully resist any order of the 
 Trustees requiring them to adjourn, to surrender the use 
 of the school-house to other purposes. 
 
 15. Should Trustees agree that pupils enrolled in an 
 adjacent district may attend the school in their own, the 
 teacher may refuse to teach them, or he may consent to 
 do so for or without pay. 
 
52 
 
 16. Teachers may require written reasons for dismissal 
 or forfeiture of certificates, and may appeal from the 
 Trustees to the Commissioner, and from the Commis- 
 sioner to the State Board of Education. 
 
 Duties of Teachers. 
 
 
 1. Must have certificates for every day they teach. 
 
 2. Must obey strictly the rules and regulations of the 
 State Board. 
 
 3. Must teach but one book to a subject to pupils of 
 the same grade. 
 
 4. Must keep and return Teachers' Registers as the 
 condition of receiving their last pay. 
 
 5. Must attend Institutes on penalty of forfeiting cer- 
 tificates for failure. Can count the time while in attend- 
 ance, and going and coming. 
 
 6. Should use books recommended by the State Board. 
 
 7. Must observe the rules prescribed by the District 
 Board, unless they conflict with those of the State Board. 
 
 8. Must teach six hours a day, and five months of 22 
 days each, excluding attendance on Institute and legal 
 holidays. The Institute days and holidays, to be counted, 
 must occur during the school term. 
 
 9. Teachers must teach all the children of pupil age in 
 the district, or coming to it by removal of residence, 
 though not included in the census. 
 
 10. If assistants are employed to teach in the Common 
 School, they, too, must have certificates ; and if paid by 
 tee Trustees, or with public funds, it is the right of the 
 District Board to employ them. 
 
 11. Teachers must contract with a District Board in 
 regular session, and tne majority must concur in their 
 employment. 
 
 12. Teachers must have a programme and do every- 
 thing at the time, and not allow one recitation to infringe 
 upon the time allotted to another. 
 
 13. Teachers are required to work the roads and per. 
 
53 
 
 form militia service as other citizens, and while so 
 engaged they lose the time. 
 
 Cautious to Teachers. 
 
 1. Teachers are advised always to have a written con- 
 tract "with the Trustees, detailing the responsibilities of 
 each, in all particulars not unmistakably defined in the 
 law and rules. 
 
 2. Teachers are advised not to sell their claims at a 
 discount, as a promise of the State to pay is the most 
 certain oi all pledges. There may be unavoidable delays, 
 but never repudiation. 
 
 3. Teacher- are advised to remember thai they are the 
 commissioned agents of the State: and be careful to fol- 
 low the prescriptions of the Statutes and the Rules, &c. 
 
 4. Teachers are cautioned to avoid all profane and 
 obscene language, to abstain from the use of intoxicating 
 liquors and other vices, as these are legal grounds for re- 
 moval and the forfeiture of certificates. They should ab- 
 stain from all exasperating expressions and outbursts of 
 passion in the audience and presence of their pupils. 
 
 6. Teachers, while always decorous, should be free 
 from all servility to illegal exactions and unreasoning 
 prejudice and ignorance, and ever bear themselves with 
 dignity and self-respect. 
 
 7. Teachers should seek to secure the confidence of 
 •patrons and pupils, and to visit them at their homes, as 
 
 they may have leisure and opportunity. 
 
 8. Teachers are cautioned to have a certificate in force 
 at the time of contracting to teach, and for every day 
 they teach. Also, to be present at the organization and 
 during the entire session of the Institute. 
 
 9. Teachers, when the Trustees or Commissioner visit 
 the school, are cautioned against complaining in the 
 presence of the pupils, and attempting any dress parade 
 performances to beguile the officers. Regular exercises 
 may be suspended to hear these officers, or to illustrate 
 
54 
 
 particular methods, or the proficiency of pupils, but not 
 for idle chit-chat. 
 
 10. Teachers should never use tobacco while teaching, 
 and should be careful of their attitudes, and scrupulously 
 exact in their speech and manners. They instruct or de- 
 base as much by example, as by teaching orally and pro- 
 fessedly. 
 
 11. Teachers are advised to insist upon the Trustees 
 furnishing the school -room with necessary aids. Black- 
 boards and a copv of Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 
 are deemed essentials, and no school can be effectively 
 taught without these valuable adjuncts. 
 
 Teachers are recommended to provide themselves with 
 such works as " Wilson & Calkins' Object Lessons," 
 Harper Bros., New York; "Phelps' Hand Book," A. S. 
 Barnes & Co., New York and Chicago ; " How . to 
 Teach," Schermerhorn & Co. ;" " Page's Theory and 
 Practice," A. S. Barnes & Co. ; " Webster's Academic 
 Dictionary," Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co., New Y ork, 
 and to diligently study the Methods in the Superinten- 
 dent's Report for 1879. 
 
 Life Insurance. 
 
 Among the subjects upon which teachers, in common 
 with the educated men of the country, will be held to 
 have some intelligent opinion, is Life Insurance. 
 
 Dr. Seiveking commences the introduction to his work 
 entitled "The Medical Advisor in Life Insurance," with 
 the following pertinent remarks : 
 
 " Among the features that may be regarded as charac- 
 teristic of modern society, Life Insurance stands promi- 
 nently forward as peculiarly unselfish. Its main objcet, 
 provision for those whom death deprives of their bread- 
 winner and protector, entails self-denial and forethought 
 on the part of the individual who takes ovit a policy, and 
 may thus become indirectly a boon to himself, by com- 
 pelling thrift, and keeping alive the best feelings of our 
 common humanity. The more the principles of Life In- 
 
55 
 
 surance are understood, the more certain are they to be 
 appreciated and acted upon ; and while they give to so- 
 ciety a guarantee of the uprightness and honesty of the 
 individual, he in return assists in rendering more firm 
 and stable the very groundwork of the republic. The 
 relative number of inhabitants of different localities who 
 have taken out policies of life insurance may not inap- 
 priatelv be regarded as an index of the prosperity of the 
 communities they belong to, for they afford direct evi- 
 dence of the existence of those qualities, thrift, fore- 
 thought, and consideration for others, upon which our 
 social comfort and happiness depend. Those qualities 
 do not necessarily bear a direct ratio to the amount of 
 rateable property possessed by those different communi- 
 ties, but they form the practical basis of Christian 
 society." 
 
 The intelligent teacher, who should become a light and 
 blessing in the community in which he labors, in explo- 
 ring the varied sources of information with which mind 
 should be stored, cannot safely omit a subject of so much 
 importance and interest; and may, at least, so far push 
 his researches as to enable him to discriminate between 
 that which rests upon the stable foundations of true 
 knowledge, from the merely specious and unsound 
 schemes with which society will always be invaded. 
 
 We feel assured that the officers of the Southern Mu- 
 tual Life Insurance Company of Kentucky, whose ad- 
 vertisement appears in these pages, will cheerfully direct 
 the inquirer to the sources of this information. We 
 commend this institution to the attention of teachers of 
 Kentucky, as one belonging to the community with whose 
 interests thev are so essentially identified — an institution 
 of which the late Insurance Commissioner. Gen. Gusta- 
 vus W. Smith, whose notes on Life Insurance have made 
 him a leading authority on the subject, has said, " If the 
 intelligent public men of the State will give a little atten- 
 tion to the subject of Life Insurance, they will find in 
 the Southern Mutual a home institution, well worthy of 
 their patronage, and this will result no doubt in estab- 
 
56 
 
 lishing Kentucky Life Insurance on a basis similar to the 
 high financial credit of the State. 
 
 Teachers are generally of that class whose remunera- 
 tion does not enable them to provide otherwise for a de- 
 pendent family when they may be taken away. 
 
 Blank Forms and Instructions. 
 
 No. 1. 
 
 Certificate of election of Trustee of Public Schools. 
 
 To , of , Greeting : 
 
 This certifies that you, the said , were at an elec- 
 tion held on the daj r of June, Anno Domini 188... 
 
 chosen to the office of Trustee of Public Schools of 
 
 District, County of State of Kentucky, and you 
 
 are, by virtue of said election and qualification, fully 
 authorized and empowered to discharge all the duties of 
 said office, and to exercise all the powers thereto belong- 
 ing according to law, for three years from and including 
 
 the 1st Saturday in July, 188 
 
 C. S. C. 
 
 NOTE. — Forward this to Count}' Commissioner of Common 
 Schools without dely. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Oath of Office. 
 
 I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support the 
 Constitution of the United States and the Constitution 
 of the State of Kentucky, and that I will faithfully dis- 
 charge the duties of Public School Trustee for the 
 
 School District, in the County of and State of 
 
 Kentucky, according to the best of my ability. So help 
 me God. 
 
 Sworn and subscribed to before me, a of the 
 
 Note. — This oath ma}' be administered by any one authorized to 
 administer oaths. Forward without delay to the County Commis- 
 sioner of Common Schools. 
 
57 
 
 County of and State of Kentucky, this day 
 
 of , Anno Domini 188... 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Appointment of Public School Trustees. 
 
 In accordance with the power vested in m , I hereby 
 
 appoint you , a Public School Trustee for the 
 
 School District, in the County of , and State 
 
 of Kentucky, for the -term of , to hold said office until 
 
 the next annual election of School Trustees; and you are, 
 by virtue of this appointment, fully authorized and em- 
 powered to discharge all the duties of said office when 
 you shall have taken the oath of office required by law. 
 
 Note. — Return this appointment with the oath of office sworn and 
 subscribed to on the back, to the office of the County Commissioner 
 of Common Schools. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Agreement between Public School Trustees and a Pub- 
 lic School Teacher. 
 
 This agreement, made the day of , 188 
 
 between , party of the first part, and the Board of 
 
 Public School Trustees of School District, in the 
 
 County of State of Kentucky, parties of the second 
 
 part, witnesseth : That the said , who holds a legal 
 
 certificate, in full force and effect, hereby agrees, for the 
 consideration hereinafter stated, to teach the public school 
 
 in said district for the term of , commencing on 
 
 the day of 188....; and further agrees to 
 
 enforce the rules and regulations adopted by the State 
 Board of Education, to adopt the State series of text- 
 books and the prescribed State course of study, and to 
 keep the State School Register, as required by law. And 
 the parties of the second part hereby agree to pay the 
 
 said , for services duly rendered as teacher of said 
 
 school, the sum of ...... dollars, for each and every month 
 
 of twenty-two school days, in the manner following, to- 
 wit : by certifying the school taught half or wholly out 
 to the County Commissioner for public school money to 
 
58 
 
 the credit of said district, or subscription, or local tax as 
 the law prescribes. 
 
 In witness whereof, the parties have hereunto set their 
 hands and seals the day and year first above written. 
 Witness : 
 
 [seal.] , 
 
 Teacher. 
 
 [seal.] , 
 
 [seal.] , 
 
 [seal.] , 
 
 Trustees of District. 
 
 Note — It is sufficient that this contract be signed by the Chairman. 
 
 No. 5. 
 Instructions to School Census Taker. 
 
 1. Obtain from the Trustees or County Com nissioner 
 the exact boundaries of your district. 
 
 2. The law requires you to visit each habitation, house, 
 residence, domicile, or other place of abode in your dis- 
 trict, and to enumerate the census children of the same by 
 actual observation and interrogation. 
 
 3. Report all the statistics to be asked for. Incomplete 
 reports are not to be accepted by the County Commis- 
 sioner. Do not fail to read the headings of the different 
 columns to be filled in. 
 
 4. Include in your report all children (whose parents 
 or guardians are residents of the district) that are absent, 
 attending institutions of learning. Do not include in 
 your report children who are attending institutions of 
 learning or such benevolent institutions as the Deaf and 
 Dumb and Blind Asylums, and Institute for Feeble- 
 minded Children, in your district, but whose parents or 
 guardians do not reside therein. 
 
 5. If your district lies partly in two adjoining counties, 
 you must report to the Commissioner of the county in 
 which the school -eouse is located. 
 
59 
 
 6. Be particular that the children listed are properly 
 distributed into columns as headed. 
 
 7. Foot up each page. Check your additions. 
 
 8. You must subscribe to the annexed oath, and 
 deliver, on or before the 10th day of May, a copy of this 
 report to the Chairman of the Board of Trustees. 
 
 I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that the facts set forth 
 in the within report are just and true, according to the 
 best of my knowledge and belief, and were collected in 
 strict accordance with law and the instructions given 
 above. So help me God. 
 
 Chairman of Board of Trustees. 
 
 Form of Settlement with Trustees. 
 
 A B Chairman of the Board of Trustees, for 
 
 District No County of , has appeared before 
 
 me and made satisfactory settlement for all sums ai-ising 
 from local taxation, and this is his quietus, he acting for 
 and in behalf of the Trustees. 
 
 C. S. C. 
 
 OTHER FORMS. 
 
 1. Form for agreement of teachers and Trustees is 
 printed on the cover of the Teachers' Register. 
 
 2. Forms for contracting to build or repair a school- 
 house can be found in " Kentucky Manual of School- 
 house Architecture." which can be obtained upon appli- 
 cation to the Commissioner or the State Superintendent. 
 
 '3. For deeds, ad quod damnun &c — see forms in ''Man- 
 ual of Architecture," and remarks in " Kentucky School 
 Lawyer " under law. in Art. VII, Chap. 18, Gen'l Stats. 
 
 4. The form of oath. 
 
 The blanks for Trustee's and Teacher's reports can 
 be found in Teacher's Register. 
 
 5. Census blanks, and other papers, such as election 
 notices, poll books, &c, are furnished annually by the 
 Commissioner. 
 
Robinson's Shorter Course 
 
 IN 
 
 ARITHMETIC 
 
 By D. W. FISH, M. A. 
 
 THE SCIENCE OF ARITHMETIC, 
 
 Oral (Mental) and Written, in all its various grades and 
 
 applications, is here treated fully and practically, 
 
 in two comprehensive and -well graded 
 
 books — Both substantially bound 
 
 either in cloth or boards. 
 
 The First Book in Arithmetic. An easy and 
 progressive work, in which oral and written exercises 
 are thoroughly and practically united. Numerous 
 illustrations. 168 pp. 
 
 The Complete Arithmetic. A comprehensive 
 Manual on the inductive method, embodying every 
 form of illustration and exercise, both oral and writ- 
 ten. With numerous appropriate designs, and 508 
 pages. 
 
 THE SAME, BOUND IN TWO PARTS.— Des- 
 ignated as Parts I and II. 
 
ECONOMICAL ADVANTAGES. 
 
 
 The ''FIRST BOOK," by its natural and systematic develop- 
 ment and application of numbers, oral and written, is a. full equiv- 
 alent of the Table-Book, the Primary, and also for a large part of 
 the Mental and the Elementary Written Arithmetics of the ordin- 
 ary series. 
 
 The "COMPLETE ARITHMETIC" so thoroughly intro- 
 duces mental arithmetic and the inductive method, and so fully 
 treats all the higher topics of the subject, that the use oi an Intel- 
 lectual and Higher Arithmetic would be superfluous ; thus a single 
 volume is substituted tor an entire series. 
 
 The mode of treatment adopted, not only logically trains the 
 pupil's mind and cultivates his powers of calculation, but will en- 
 anle both the teacher and the pupil to accomplish far greater 
 results in much less time than by the old system. 
 
 Hence, it is claimed that a more thorough system and practical 
 knowledge of the science of arithmetic can be obtained from these 
 two books, at less cost, and in much less time, than from the ordin- 
 ary series of three, four or more books. 
 
 A positive gain in money, — time ? --labor . and super- 
 ior instruction. 
 
 J8®"The Typography and Mechanical finish of all the books of 
 the series cannot be surpassed. 
 
 fc^KEYS to the above are published for the use of Teachers. 
 
 %•/•• Sample pages and full descriptive circulars will be sent by 
 mail on application. Liberal term will Remade for introduction 
 and exchange. 
 
 These books substitute Towne's Arithmetics in the list recom- 
 mended by the State Board of Education. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO,, 
 
 Publishers, 
 New York and Chicago. 
 
ST7v r I3ST'X02>T'S 
 
 WORD-BOOK SERIES. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEIAN, TAYLOR & CO, 
 
 New Yory. 
 
 WORD-PRIMER, 
 
 WORD-BOOK, 
 
 WORD-ANALYSIS. 
 
 When not otherwise obtainable, the Publishers will 
 send the Word-Primer by mail on receipt of 17 cts.; 
 the Word-Book, 22 cts., and the Word- Analysis, 
 
 35 cts. 
 
 *## w e shall be pleased to send a sample of the Word- 
 Book Series, if desired for examination ivith a view to 
 introduction, on receipt of SO cents. 
 
 It^They are the only Perfectly Graded 
 Series of Spellers ever made. 
 
 E^~They are the Cheapest Series of Spel- 
 lers in the market. 
 
 The most pronounced educational success is Swin- 
 ton's Word-Book Series. The series seems to have 
 happily supplied a very general want ; wherevee it has 
 been examined it has met with unqualified approbation, 
 and has in a great many instances, been at once adopted 
 for us. The plan of the series is so excellent, the arrang- 
 ment so fresh and practical, and the adaptation to the 
 present wants of our schools so perfect, that it fills at 
 once the desideratum. 
 
i THE SPENCERIAN 
 
 System of Penrpagsl^ip. 
 
 THE COMMON SCHOOL SCEftlES. 'Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 4% 
 and 5. This series has undergone a thorough revision in every 
 particular. Recommended by the State Board of Education. 
 
 INTERMEDIATE BOOK. This book contains all the small and 
 capital letters, together with twelve short sentences. 
 
 THEORY OF SPENCERIAN PENMANSHIP for 
 schools and private learners. Developed by questions and 
 answers, with practical illustrations. 
 
 SPENCERIAN KEY. A standard Text-book on Penman- 
 ship, for the use of teachers, pupils and professional penmen. 
 Cloth, illustrated, 176 pages. 
 
 SPENCERIAN CHARTS FOR WRITING. 47 Charts; 
 sold separately or bound together. Size, 19 by 24 inches. Each 
 Capital Letter appears by itself, with analysis and printed 
 description. The letters are of very large size, the capitals and 
 loop letters being a foot in hight, and the small letters in pro- 
 portion, so that they may be distinctly seen across the largest 
 school-reem. They are mounted upon rollers in such a manner 
 that one page is exhibited at a time. They are so printed as to 
 present the appearance of superior blackboard writing. 
 *-./■'■ The Spencerian Copy Books can be had of all booksellers. 
 
 The most liberal terms for introduction will be made. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEIAN, TAYLOR & CO, 
 
 Publishers, 
 New York and Chicago. 
 
NICOLAI MARESSHALL, 
 
 PORTRAIT POINTER, 
 
 Louisville, Kentucky, 
 
 UP STAIRS, CORNER GREEN AND FOURTH. 
 
 Has painted portraits of Dr. Henderson and his 
 Wife and Daughter, and gave entire satisfaction. 
 
 PORTRAITS PAINTED FROM PHOTOGRAPHS. 
 
 OPIUM ANTIDOTE. 
 
 15. HI. WOOLEY, Atlanta, Georgia. 
 
 Has an OPIUM ANTIDOTE that cures this distressing 
 habit, without pain, and by treatment of patients through 
 the mails and the express at their homes. Dr. Henderson, 
 the auther of this Manual, was, formerly his preacher in 
 Alabama, and he refers all sufferers to him as to his reli- 
 ability. It is no substitute for the debasing drug, but 
 a permanent and certain cure for the morbid habit it pro- 
 duces. Let those who are slaves to this tyrant apply to 
 Mr. Wooley, and he will certainly break the despotic 
 chains and set the captive free. 
 
 Address him for circulars of information and advice. 
 
tti! ii iiitstt liiii- 
 
 W. A. Hayward, 
 MANUFACTURING JEWELER, 
 
 No. 1 Barday Street, 
 
 (P. 0. Box 4876,) 
 
 IsTIEyV^ YORK CZ1?"Y\ 
 
 SCHOOL MEDALS, Nickel, Silver and Gold finish, 
 with the name, class and study engraved as desired. 
 
 NAMES, ODD FELLOWS, KNIGHTS TEM- 
 PLAR, KNIGHTS OF PTTHIAS, GOOD TEM- 
 PLARS and other Society Badges furnished or made 
 to order. 
 
 g@*Catalogues and estimates of cost sent on application. 
 
thee st^zdnt:d_a.:r,:d i 
 
 Made so for the Common Schools of Kentucky by 
 the State Board of Education. 
 
 W1B8T IR'S DICTIQIABI1S. 
 
 - « » » 
 
 ANEW EDITIOX OF THE UNABRIDGED HAS JUST 
 APPEARED, IN IWHICH A GREAT NUMBER OF 
 VALUABLE FRESH FEATURES ARE INCORPORATED. 
 AMONG THESE MAY BE NAMED 
 
 A Supplement of Over 4,000 New Words 
 and Meanings. 
 
 These include such as have came into use during the past fifteen 
 years — many of which have never f onnd their place in any English 
 Dictionary before, and 
 
 A NEW BIOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY 
 
 Of Over 9,700 Names 
 
 Of noteworthy Persons, Ancient and Modern (including many 
 now living), giving the Name, Pronunciation, Nation- 
 ality, Profession and Date of each. 
 
 *** Favorable terms will be made for the supplying of this great 
 work to Schools or Educationists. A ddress the Publishers, 
 
 G. & C. MERRIAM, Springfield, Mass. 
 
THE 
 
 Recommended by the State Board of Education. 
 
 THE ABRIDGMENTS have been compiled with 
 unusual care, and comprise every requisite feature 
 to make them, in all respects, the most valuable Text- 
 Book of the kind to be had. They contain numerous 
 valuable Tables, and are thoroughly complete in Etymol- 
 ogies, Synonyms and Definitions. A cursory compari- 
 son only need be had with similar books to show the 
 incomparable superiority of Webster's Small Dictionaries 
 over all others. Where it is not convenient to make the 
 comparison we will, upon application, send sample pages, 
 giving a fair illustration of the merits of Webster as 
 against his competitors. 
 
 Counting - House and Family Directory. — 
 
 Crown 8vo., Illustrated. Sheep, 
 Academic Directory. — 334 Illustrations. 
 High School Directory.— 297 Illustrations. 
 Common School Directory. — 274 Illustrations. 
 Primary Dictionary.— 204 Illustrations. 
 Pocket Dictionary. — Various binding. 
 Army and Navy Dictionary. — Various bindings. 
 
 $^ a Corresponde?ice relating to Webster's Dicti<naries icill re- 
 ceive prompt attention. Favorable terms will be given on the 
 Abridgments, token desired for introdubtwn into Schools. 
 
 Address the Publishers., 
 
 I7IS0N, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO, 
 
 New York and Chicago. 
 
"THE FAMOUS TWO-BOOK SERIES" 
 
 The Highest Award (Gold Medal) at the Paris Exposition. 
 
 Swinton's Geographies, 
 
 1-EI,EME>TAR¥ COURSE IN GEOGRAPHY: 
 
 DESIGNED AS \ CLASS-BOOK FOR PRIMARY AND 
 INTERMEDIATE GRADES, AND AS A COMPLETE 
 SHORTER COSRSE. 138 pages 8 vo. 
 
 2,-COMPLETE COURSE IN GEOGRAPHY: PHYS- 
 ICAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND POLITICAL; WITH A 
 SPECIAL GEOGRAPHY FOR EACH STATE IN THE 
 UNION. Class-book for intermediate and Grammar Grades. 
 
 ***A copy of the '"ELEMENTARY GEOGRAPHY" will be 
 mailed, postage paid, on receipt of FIFTY CENTS, and of the 
 "COMPLETE GEOGRAPHY," on receipt of SEVENTY-FIVE 
 CENTS, if desired for information with a mew to introduction. 
 
 The most liberal terms will be made for introduction and 
 exchange. 
 
 Sample pages will be sent to teachers and educationists on 
 
 application. 
 
 IVISON, BLAKEMAN, TAYLOR & CO., 
 
 Publishers, 
 138 and 140 Grand Street, 
 
 NEW ITOIRIC- 
 
/"XC 
 
 A MANUAL 
 
 — FOR — 
 
 Trustees and Teachers 
 
 •OF 
 
 conynn^coisr schools. 
 
 COPYRIGHT SECURED. 
 
 Bound Copies, with Memorandum Pages attached, can be 
 procured by addressing the Author, and enclosing 40 cts. The 
 three Trustees and Teachers— 4 copies — of any District, will be 
 sent for 50 els. post-paid. 
 
 SINGLE COPIES BT MALL, 
 
 25 cts. 
 
SURE CURE" FOR CATARRH. 
 
 HOWARD HENDERSON, A. T. MITCHELL, 
 
 i 
 
 Ex. Sv.pt. Public Inst. Banker. 
 
 We are introducing an infallible remedy for Catarrh, Neu- 
 ralgic and Nervous Headaches, Colds, Deafness, Dimness of Sight, 
 
 and all complaints and complications arising from Catarrh. 
 
 It is used as a snuff and contains no hurtful or habit-fixing 
 ingredients. 
 
 Relief attends the first applications. It has never failed when 
 taken as directed, and for the maladies it professes to cure. One 
 box lasts a month, and is, in most cases, sufficient to affect recovery 
 of health. So confident are the proprietors of its efficacy, that they 
 will return the money when it fails to effect relief. 
 
 •'Such men as Elder Ben. Franklin, ^deceased), THons. T. F.. 
 Hill, Green R. Kellar and Jas. A. Dawson and Judge Hayes of the 
 Court of Appeals, and Mr. Ed. C. Went, Clerk in the State Superin- 
 tendents Office, and the Rev. Drs. Milburn, Deems and Miller, and 
 Elders Jacob death, J. B. Mayfield, Robert Graham, (Pres't Bible 
 College, Lexington,) and Cols. A. T. Wood, Bruce Champs, and 
 Drs. Weaver, Beck, and thousand others relieved by its use, attest 
 its merits." 
 
 o TZEILIIVLS : o 
 
 ONE BOX, ONE DOLLAR. THREE BOXES, TWO DOLLARS. 
 
 Special Rates to Dealers. 
 
 Address : 
 
 HENDERSON & MITCHELL, 
 
 FBANKFOE-T. IKTT. 
 
Catarrh Cure. 
 
 From Dr. Henderson, State Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, and Mr. A. T. Mitchell, Banker, of Bourbon County, 
 Ky., are introducing a Catarrh Remedy, discovered by an afflicted 
 friend. "Witnesses on the happy effects of their acquaintances, 
 they conferred by chance, and agreed to make its merits known 
 and supply it to sufferers proposing no more at the start, than as 
 philanthrophy. The business grew and pressed them for an adequate 
 supply. While these geutlemen pursue their respective callings 
 as educator and banker, they have competent representatives en- 
 gaged in the manufacture and sale. 
 
 So certain has been the remedy in catarrh and its complications 
 that they have given it " Sure Cuke " for a name. Nervous and 
 Neuralgic Headaches, Deafness, Dimness and Dizziness are cured 
 by its use. Many have been relieved of Hay Fever by iis use. 
 While these gentlemen could print a hundred testimonials, they 
 trust that their own names are a sufficient guarantee of its worth. 
 Nothing short of a conviction that those who try it will bless their 
 memory could impel them to lend their names to this " Cure." 
 
 Circulars with testimonials sent upon application. 
 
 One Box for $1.00 Three Boxes for $2.00 
 
 A ddress, 
 
 HENDERSON & MITCHELL, 
 
 FRA1TKFORT. ICY. 
 
THE SOUTHERN 
 
 Mutual Life Insurance Co.of Kentucky 
 
 LOUISVILLE. 
 
 OFFICERS: - 
 
 J. B. TEMPA, President. L. T. THURSTON, Secretary. 
 
 A. H. LINDENBERGER, JNO. B. SMITH, Treasurer 
 
 e T W Ti fi nv Vice-President. D . MERRIWEATHER, JR., 
 
 S. T. WILSON, General Agent. Actuary. 
 
 The Insurance Business of the Company is under the 
 direction of Officers versed in the principles of Life Insurance. It is 
 one of the few Companies in which its mortality experience is com- 
 puted in its own office every year, with every calculation required 
 in its business. 
 
 The Finances of the Company are under the control 
 and supervision of a Board of Directors composed of bankers, mer- 
 chants and lawyers, well known in the community for integrity 
 and ability. 
 
 The Plans of the Company are those which have been tested 
 by experience and approved by science. All those which have any 
 gambling feature, alluring to siich as have not considered, and 
 damaging to the many for the fortunate few, are scrupulously 
 avoided as delusive and improper. 
 
 The Policy issued by the Company is a clear and plain con- 
 tract, easily understood by men of ordinary intelligence, and has 
 the following advantages, fully np to the advanced steps of other 
 Companies : 
 
 The rig-lil s and Obligations of both parties are clearly 
 stated in the Policy itself. 
 
 After three annual premiums have been paid, if frnm any 
 cause further payment of premiums is discontinued, 
 the insurance does not thereby cease or become void, but is con- 
 tinued for a definite time, regulated by the number of premiums 
 paid ; or in lieu of this, the policy-holder may elect to take a new 
 paid-up Policy for a definite sum. 
 
 Both the amount of paid-up Insurance and time of ex- 
 tension are stated on each Policy, so that forfeiture for 
 non-payment is prevented and misunderstanding avoided. The 
 Policy "cannot be contested except for such gross frauds, of very 
 rare occurrence, which with common regard to the rights of the 
 bodv of the policy-holders, should prevent payment. 
 
 Teachers in Kentucky who can be well recommended, may 
 canvass for the Comp.my during vacation and when other oppor- 
 tunities offer, and earn more than enough to pay lor a large policy 
 on their own lives. No license is required, and the study and 
 practice of the principles of Life Insurance will be an agreeable 
 change from the routine of the school-room. For information 
 apply to the Officers of the Company. 
 

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